Single-spin observables and orbital structures in hadronic distributions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sivers, Dennis

2006-11-01

Single-spin observables in scattering processes (either analyzing powers or polarizations) are highly constrained by rotational invariance and finite symmetries. For example, it is possible to demonstrate that all single-spin observables are odd under the finite transformation O=PAτ where P is parity and Aτ is a finite symmetry that can be designated “artificial time reversal”. The operators P, O and Aτ all have eigenvalues ±1 so that all single-spin observables can be classified into two distinct categories: (1) P-odd and Aτ-even, (2) P-even and Aτ-odd. Within the light-quark sector of the standard model, P-odd observables are generated from pointlike electroweak processes while Aτ-odd observables (neglecting quark mass parameters) come from dynamic spin-orbit correlations within hadrons or within larger composite systems, such as nuclei. The effects of Aτ-odd dynamics can be inserted into transverse-momentum dependent constituent distribution functions and, in this paper, we construct the contribution from an orbital quark to the Aτ-odd quark parton distribution ΔNGq/p↑front(x,kTN;μ2). Using this distribution, we examine the crucial role of initial- and final-state interactions in the observation of the scattering asymmetries in different hard-scattering processes. This construction provides a geometrical and dynamical interpretation of the Collins conjugation relation between single-spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering and the asymmetries in Drell-Yan production. Finally, our construction allows us to display a significant difference between the calculation of a spin asymmetry generated by a hard-scattering mechanism involving color-singlet exchange (such as a photon) and a calculation of an asymmetry with a hard-scattering exchange involving gluons. This leads to an appreciation of the process-dependence inherent in measurements of single-spin observables.

Alternative method for evaluating the pair energy of nucleons in nuclei

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nurmukhamedov, A. M., E-mail: fattah52@mail.ru

2015-12-15

An alternative method for determining the odd–even effect parameter related to special features of the Casimir operator in Wigner’s mass formula for nuclei is proposed. A procedure for calculating this parameter is presented. The proposed method relies on a geometric interpretation of the Casimir operator, experimental data concerning the contribution of spin–orbit interaction to the nuclear mass for even–even and odd–odd nuclei, and systematics of energy gaps in the spectra of excited states of even–even nuclei.

Microscopic description of fission in odd-mass uranium and plutonium nuclei with the Gogny energy density functional

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rodrıguez-Guzmán, R.; Robledo, L. M.

2017-12-01

The parametrization D1M of the Gogny energy density functional is used to study fission in the odd-mass Uranium and Plutonium isotopes with A=233, \\ldots , 249 within the framework of the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) Equal Filling Approximation (EFA). Ground state quantum numbers and deformations, pairing energies, one-neutron separation energies, barrier heights and fission isomer excitation energies are given. Fission paths, collective masses and zero point rotational and vibrational quantum corrections are used to compute the systematic of the spontaneous fission half-lives t_{SF}, the masses and charges of the fission fragments as well as their intrinsic shapes. Although there exits a strong variance of the predicted fission rates with respect to the details involved in their computation, it is shown that both the specialization energy and the pairing quenching effects, taken into account fully variationally within the HFB-EFA blocking scheme, lead to larger spontaneous fission half-lives in odd-mass U and Pu nuclei as compared with the corresponding even-even neighbors. It is shown that modifications of a few percent in the strengths of the neutron and proton pairing fields can have a significant impact on the collective masses leading to uncertainties of several orders of magnitude in the predicted t_{SF} values. Alpha-decay lifetimes have also been computed using a parametrization of the Viola-Seaborg formula.

Competition and transformation of modes of unidirectional air waveguide

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Yu-xin; Kong, Xiang-kun; Fang, Yun-tuan

2016-10-01

In order to study the mode excitation of the unidirectional air waveguide, we place a line source at different positions in the waveguide. The source position plays an important role in determining the result of the competition of the even mode and the odd mode. For the source at the edge of the waveguide, the odd mode gets advantage over the even mode. As a result, the odd mode is excited, but the even mode is suppressed. For the source at the center of the waveguide, the even mode is excited, but the odd mode is suppressed. With two sources at two edges of the waveguide, the even mode is released because the two odd modes are canceled.

Odd–even structural sensitivity on dynamics in network-forming ionic liquids

DOE PAGES

Yang, Ke; Cai, Zhikun; Tyagi, Madhusudan; ...

2016-04-13

Understanding structural sensitivity on properties of materials is an important step toward the rational design of materials. As a compelling case of sensitive structure-property relationship, an odd-even effect refers to the alternating trend of physical or chemical properties on odd/even number of repeating structural units. In crystalline or semi-crystalline materials, such odd-even variations of macroscopic properties emerge as manifestations of differences in the periodic packing patterns of molecules. Therefore, due to the lack of long-range order, such odd-even phenomenon is not expected in liquids. Herein, we report the discovery of a remarkable odd-even effect of the dynamical properties in themore » liquid phase, which challenges the traditional periodic packing explanations. In a class of network-forming ionic liquid (NIL), using incoherent quasi-elastic neutron scattering measurements, we measured the dynamical properties including the diffusion coefficient and the rotational relaxation time. These dynamical properties showed pronounced alternating trends with increased number of methylene (–CH 2– ) groups in the backbone. Meanwhile, the structure factor S(Q) showed no long-range periodic packing of molecules, while the pair distribution function g(r) revealed subtle differences in the local molecular morphology. As a result, the observed dynamical odd-even phenomenon in liquids showed that profound dynamical changes originate from subtle local structural differences.« less

Even-odd alternation of near-infrared spectra of alkane-α,ω-diols in their solid states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Toyama, Yuta; Murakami, Kohei; Yoshimura, Norio; Takayanagi, Masao

2018-05-01

Even-odd alternation of the melting points of α,ω-disubstituted linear alkanes such as alkane-α,ω-diols, alkane-α,ω-dinitriles and α,ω-diaminoalkanes is well known. Melting points for compounds with an even number of carbons in their alkyl chains are systematically higher than those for compounds with an odd number of carbons. In order to clarify the origin of this alternation, near-infrared absorption spectra of linear alkane-α,ω-diols with 3 to 9 carbon atoms in their alkyl chains were measured in the liquid and solid states. The band due to the first overtone of the Osbnd H stretching mode was investigated. The temperature-dependent spectra of all alkane-α,ω-diols in their liquid states were found to be similar; no even-odd alternation was observed. In the solid state, however, spectra of alkane-α,ω-diols with even and odd numbers of carbon atoms differed greatly. Spectra of alkane-α,ω-diols with an odd number of carbon atoms in their solid states were similar to those in the liquid states, although the variation of spectra observed upon lowering the temperature of liquid seemed to continue when the liquids were frozen. In contrast, spectra of alkane-α,ω-diols with an even number of carbon atoms in their liquid and solid states were found to be quite different. New bands appeared upon freezing. The observed even-odd alternation of the spectra observed for alkane-α,ω-diols in their solid states is presumably caused by their even-odd alternation of crystal structures.

Mass Measurement of 56Sc Reveals a Small A=56 Odd-Even Mass Staggering, Implying a Cooler Accreted Neutron Star Crust

DOE PAGES

Meisel, Z.; George, S.; Ahn, S.; ...

2015-10-16

We present the mass excesses of 52-57Sc, obtained from recent time-of-flight nuclear mass measurements at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory at Michigan State University. The masses of 56Sc and 57Sc were determined for the first time with atomic mass excesses of -24.85(59)((+0)(-54)) MeV and -21.0(1.3) MeV, respectively, where the asymmetric uncertainty for 56Sc was included due to possible contamination from a long-lived isomer. The 56Sc mass indicates a small odd-even mass staggering in the A = 56 mass chain towards the neutron drip line, significantly deviating from trends predicted by the global FRDM mass model and favoring trends predicted bymore » the UNEDF0 and UNEDF1 density functional calculations. Together with new shell-model calculations of the electron-capture strength function of 56Sc, our results strongly reduce uncertainties in model calculations of the heating and cooling at the 56Ti electron-capture layer in the outer crust of accreting neutron stars. We find that, in contrast to previous studies, neither strong neutrino cooling nor strong heating occurs in this layer. We conclude that Urca cooling in the outer crusts of accreting neutron stars that exhibit superbursts or high temperature steady-state burning, which are predicted to be rich in A approximate to 56 nuclei, is considerably weaker than predicted. Urca cooling must instead be dominated by electron capture on the small amounts of adjacent odd-A nuclei contained in the superburst and high temperature steady-state burning ashes. This may explain the absence of strong crust Urca cooling inferred from the observed cooling light curve of the transiently accreting x-ray source MAXI J0556-332.« less

Mass Measurement of 56Sc Reveals a Small A =56 Odd-Even Mass Staggering, Implying a Cooler Accreted Neutron Star Crust

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meisel, Z.; George, S.; Ahn, S.; Bazin, D.; Brown, B. A.; Browne, J.; Carpino, J. F.; Chung, H.; Cole, A. L.; Cyburt, R. H.; Estradé, A.; Famiano, M.; Gade, A.; Langer, C.; Matoš, M.; Mittig, W.; Montes, F.; Morrissey, D. J.; Pereira, J.; Schatz, H.; Schatz, J.; Scott, M.; Shapira, D.; Smith, K.; Stevens, J.; Tan, W.; Tarasov, O.; Towers, S.; Wimmer, K.; Winkelbauer, J. R.; Yurkon, J.; Zegers, R. G. T.

2015-10-01

We present the mass excesses of 52-57Sc, obtained from recent time-of-flight nuclear mass measurements at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory at Michigan State University. The masses of 56Sc and 57Sc were determined for the first time with atomic mass excesses of -24.85 (59 )(-54+0) MeV and -21.0 (1.3 ) MeV , respectively, where the asymmetric uncertainty for 56Sc was included due to possible contamination from a long-lived isomer. The 56Sc mass indicates a small odd-even mass staggering in the A =56 mass chain towards the neutron drip line, significantly deviating from trends predicted by the global FRDM mass model and favoring trends predicted by the UNEDF0 and UNEDF1 density functional calculations. Together with new shell-model calculations of the electron-capture strength function of 56Sc, our results strongly reduce uncertainties in model calculations of the heating and cooling at the 56Ti electron-capture layer in the outer crust of accreting neutron stars. We find that, in contrast to previous studies, neither strong neutrino cooling nor strong heating occurs in this layer. We conclude that Urca cooling in the outer crusts of accreting neutron stars that exhibit superbursts or high temperature steady-state burning, which are predicted to be rich in A ≈56 nuclei, is considerably weaker than predicted. Urca cooling must instead be dominated by electron capture on the small amounts of adjacent odd-A nuclei contained in the superburst and high temperature steady-state burning ashes. This may explain the absence of strong crust Urca cooling inferred from the observed cooling light curve of the transiently accreting x-ray source MAXI J0556-332.

Even-odd alternation of near-infrared spectra of alkane-α,ω-diols in their solid states.

PubMed

Toyama, Yuta; Murakami, Kohei; Yoshimura, Norio; Takayanagi, Masao

2018-05-15

Even-odd alternation of the melting points of α,ω-disubstituted linear alkanes such as alkane-α,ω-diols, alkane-α,ω-dinitriles and α,ω-diaminoalkanes is well known. Melting points for compounds with an even number of carbons in their alkyl chains are systematically higher than those for compounds with an odd number of carbons. In order to clarify the origin of this alternation, near-infrared absorption spectra of linear alkane-α,ω-diols with 3 to 9 carbon atoms in their alkyl chains were measured in the liquid and solid states. The band due to the first overtone of the OH stretching mode was investigated. The temperature-dependent spectra of all alkane-α,ω-diols in their liquid states were found to be similar; no even-odd alternation was observed. In the solid state, however, spectra of alkane-α,ω-diols with even and odd numbers of carbon atoms differed greatly. Spectra of alkane-α,ω-diols with an odd number of carbon atoms in their solid states were similar to those in the liquid states, although the variation of spectra observed upon lowering the temperature of liquid seemed to continue when the liquids were frozen. In contrast, spectra of alkane-α,ω-diols with an even number of carbon atoms in their liquid and solid states were found to be quite different. New bands appeared upon freezing. The observed even-odd alternation of the spectra observed for alkane-α,ω-diols in their solid states is presumably caused by their even-odd alternation of crystal structures. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Quantum phase transitions and string orders in the spin-1/2 Heisenberg-Ising alternating chain with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction.

PubMed

Liu, Guang-Hua; You, Wen-Long; Li, Wei; Su, Gang

2015-04-29

Quantum phase transitions (QPTs) and the ground-state phase diagram of the spin-1/2 Heisenberg-Ising alternating chain (HIAC) with uniform Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) interaction are investigated by a matrix-product-state (MPS) method. By calculating the odd- and even-string order parameters, we recognize two kinds of Haldane phases, i.e. the odd- and even-Haldane phases. Furthermore, doubly degenerate entanglement spectra on odd and even bonds are observed in odd- and even-Haldane phases, respectively. A rich phase diagram including four different phases, i.e. an antiferromagnetic (AF), AF stripe, odd- and even-Haldane phases, is obtained. These phases are found to be separated by continuous QPTs: the topological QPT between the odd- and even-Haldane phases is verified to be continuous and corresponds to conformal field theory with central charge c = 1; while the rest of the phase transitions in the phase diagram are found to be c = 1/2. We also revisit, with our MPS method, the exactly solvable case of HIAC model with DM interactions only on odd bonds and find that the even-Haldane phase disappears, but the other three phases, i.e. the AF, AF stripe and odd-Haldane phases, still remain in the phase diagram. We exhibit the evolution of the even-Haldane phase by tuning the DM interactions on the even bonds gradually.

Mode Selection Rules for a Two-Delay System with Positive and Negative Feedback Loops

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Takahashi, Kin'ya; Kobayashi, Taizo

2018-04-01

The mode selection rules for a two-delay system, which has negative feedback with a short delay time t1 and positive feedback with a long delay time t2, are studied numerically and theoretically. We find two types of mode selection rules depending on the strength of the negative feedback. When the strength of the negative feedback |α1| (α1 < 0) is sufficiently small compared with that of the positive feedback α2 (> 0), 2m + 1-th harmonic oscillation is well sustained in a neighborhood of t1/t2 = even/odd, i.e., relevant condition. In a neighborhood of the irrelevant condition given by t1/t2 = odd/even or t1/t2 = odd/odd, higher harmonic oscillations are observed. However, if |α1| is slightly less than α2, a different mode selection rule works, where the condition t1/t2 = odd/even is relevant and the conditions t1/t2 = odd/odd and t1/t2 = even/odd are irrelevant. These mode selection rules are different from the mode selection rule of the normal two-delay system with two positive feedback loops, where t1/t2 = odd/odd is relevant and the others are irrelevant. The two types of mode selection rules are induced by individually different mechanisms controlling the Hopf bifurcation, i.e., the Hopf bifurcation controlled by the "boosted bifurcation process" and by the "anomalous bifurcation process", which occur for |α1| below and above the threshold value αth, respectively.

Failure of the gross theory of beta decay in neutron deficient nuclei

DOE PAGES

Firestone, R. B.; Schwengner, R.; Zuber, K.

2015-05-28

The neutron deficient isotopes 117-121Xe, 117-124Cs, and 122-124Ba were produced by a beam of 28Si from the LBNL SuperHILAC on a target of natMo. The isotopes were mass separated and their beta decay schemes were measured with a Total Absorption Spectrometer (TAS). The beta strengths derived from these data decreased dramatically to levels above ≈1 MeV for the even-even decays; 3–4 MeV for even-Z, odd-N decays; 4–5 MeV for the odd-Z, even-N decays; and 7–8 MeV for the odd-Z, odd-N decays. The decreasing strength to higher excitation energies in the daughters contradicts the predictions of the Gross Theory of Betamore » Decay. The integrated beta strengths are instead found to be consistent with shell model predictions where the single-particle beta strengths are divided amoung many low-lying levels. The experimental beta strengths determined here have been used calculate the half-lives of 143 neutron deficient nuclei with Z=51–64 to a precision of 20% with respect to the measured values.« less

Radiative neutrino mass and Majorana dark matter within an inert Higgs doublet model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ahriche, Amine; Jueid, Adil; Nasri, Salah

2018-05-01

We consider an extension of the standard model (SM) with an inert Higgs doublet and three Majorana singlet fermions to address both origin and the smallness of neutrino masses and dark matter (DM) problems. In this setup, the lightest Majorana singlet fermion plays the role of DM candidate and the model parameter space can be accommodated to avoid different experimental constraints such as lepton flavor violating processes and electroweak precision tests. The neutrino mass is generated at one-loop level a la Scotogenic model and its smallness is ensured by the degeneracy between the C P -odd and C P -even scalar members of the inert doublet. Interesting signatures at both leptonic and hadronic colliders are discussed.

Friction and work function oscillatory behavior for an even and odd number of layers in polycrystalline MoS 2

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lavini, Francesco; Calò, Annalisa; Gao, Yang

We report on a new oscillatory behavior of nanoscopic friction in continuous polycrystalline MoS 2 films for an odd and even number of atomic layers, related to the different in-plane polarization of crystalline grains and different capability of absorbing charged molecules.

Friction and work function oscillatory behavior for an even and odd number of layers in polycrystalline MoS 2

DOE PAGES

Lavini, Francesco; Calò, Annalisa; Gao, Yang; ...

2018-01-01

We report on a new oscillatory behavior of nanoscopic friction in continuous polycrystalline MoS 2 films for an odd and even number of atomic layers, related to the different in-plane polarization of crystalline grains and different capability of absorbing charged molecules.

Measurement of the Average $$B^{0}_{s}$$ Lifetime in the Decay $$B^{0}_{s} \\to J/\\Psi\\Phi$$

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pauly, Thilo

2003-01-01

The lifetime difference between the long (CP odd) and short (CP even) lived components of the Bg meson is currently predicted to be of the order of 10 % in the Standard Model. It has been suggested that the decay Bg —>• J/\\|> 4) is predominantly CP even and thus the measured average lifetime could be shorter than the lifetime measured in the inclusive decay modes. We present a measurement of the average lifetime of the 6° meson in its decay Eg —>• J/4> cj), with J/\\|) —> M.+ M.~ and cj) —>• K+K-. During January 2002 and August 2003more » the CDF experiment at the Tevatron has been exposed to about 135 pb" 1 of pp collisions with a centre-of-mass energy of A/S = 1.96 TeV. In the data sample collected with the J/\\Jj dimuon trigger we fully reconstruct about 125 Bg —> J/\\J) (J) candidates with precision silicon information. This is currently the largest exclusive Bg sample. We perform a fit to the proper decay time information to extract the average Bg lifetime and simultaneously use the mass information to disentangle signal from background. For cross-checks we measure the lifetime in the higher statistics modes Bj -» J/\\J> K* and B° —> J/4> K*°, which both have similar decay topologies and kinematics. We obtain r(B°s -> J/\\|> cf>) = (1.31±5:l3(stat.) ± 0.02(syst.)) ps , which is currently the best single measurement of the Bg lifetime and is consistent with other measurements. This result is not accurate enough to establish the existence of a possible significant lifetime difference between the CP odd and even states.« less

The overlap of overweight and anaemia among women in three countries undergoing the nutrition transition.

PubMed

Eckhardt, C L; Torheim, L E; Monterrubio, E; Barquera, S; Ruel, M T

2008-02-01

To compare the odds of anaemia in overweight and obese (OVWT) (body mass index (BMI) > or =25) versus non-overweight (non-OVWT) (BMI<25) women in three countries at different stages of the nutrition transition. Analysis of cross-sectional data. Nationally representative data from Mexico (1998 National Nutrition Survey), Peru and Egypt (2000 Demographic and Health Surveys) were analyzed. Data from non-pregnant women ages 18-49 years were used. Logistic regression was used to test whether the odds of anaemia differed by BMI category, controlling for sociodemographic factors. More than half of the women were OVWT in all three countries and the prevalence of OVWT reached 77% in Egypt. Anaemia prevalence was similar across countries (28, 31 and 23% in Egypt, Peru and Mexico respectively). In Egypt, OVWT women had significantly lower odds of anaemia than non-OVWT women (OR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.90). Similar results were found in Peru, but the difference was smaller in magnitude (OR=0.83, 95% CI: 0.71, 0.96). In Mexico, there were no differences in the odds of anaemia by BMI group. These findings show that the iron needs of OVWT women in developing countries are not necessarily being met. The intakes of other micronutrients might also be insufficient. Diet quality remains an important issue even among women with sufficient energy intakes.

Lattice QCD calculations of nucleon transverse momentum-dependent parton distributions using clover and domain wall fermions

DOE PAGES

Yoon, Boram; Bhattacharya, Tanmoy; Gupta, Rajan; ...

2015-01-01

Here, we present a lattice QCD calculation of transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs) of protons using staple-shaped Wilson lines. For time-reversal odd observables, we calculate the generalized Sivers and Boer-Mulders transverse momentum shifts in SIDIS and DY cases, and for T-even observables we calculate the transversity related to the tensor charge and the generalized worm-gear shift. The calculation is done on two different n f = 2+1 ensembles: domain-wall fermion (DWF) with lattice spacing 0:084fm and pion mass of 297 MeV, and clover fermion with lattice spacing 0:114 fm and pion mass of 317 MeV. The results frommore » those two different discretizations are consistent with each other.« less

Natural stable isotopic compositions of mercury in aerosols and wet precipitations around a coal-fired power plant in Xiamen, southeast China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Shuyuan; Sun, Lumin; Zhou, Tingjin; Yuan, Dongxing; Du, Bing; Sun, Xiuwu

2018-01-01

In this study, samples of 18 wet precipitations (WPs) and 38 aerosols were collected around a coal-fired power plant (CFPP) located in Xiamen, southeast China, which was equipped with a seawater flue gas desulfurization system. Total particulate mercury (TPM) in aerosol samples, and total mercury (WP-TM), dissolved mercury (WP-DM) and particulate mercury (WP-PM) in WP samples were analyzed for the natural isotopic compositions of mercury. For the first time, both mass dependent fractionation (MDF) and mass independent fractionation of odd (odd-MIF) and even (even-MIF) isotopes of WP-DM and WP-PM were reported and discussed. Both WP-TM and TPM displayed negative MDF and slightly positive even-MIF. Negative odd-MIF was observed in TPM and WP-PM, whereas positive odd-MIF was observed in WP-TM and WP-DM. It was found that the mercury budget in WP-PM samples was mainly controlled by atmospheric particles. Potential sources of mercury in samples were identified via analysis of mercury isotopic signatures and meteorological data with the NOAA HYSPLIT model. The results showed that TPM and WP-PM in solid samples were homologous and the isotopic compositions of WP-TM depended on those of WP-DM. The ratios of Δ199Hg/Δ201Hg resulting from photochemical reactions and positive Δ200Hg values (from -0.06‰ to 0.27‰) in all samples indicated that the mercury coming from local emission of the CFPP together with long-distance transportation were the two main contributing sources.

Analysis on Reactor Criticality Condition and Fuel Conversion Capability Based on Different Loaded Plutonium Composition in FBR Core

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Permana, Sidik; Saputra, Geby; Suzuki, Mitsutoshi; Saito, Masaki

2017-01-01

Reactor criticality condition and fuel conversion capability are depending on the fuel arrangement schemes, reactor core geometry and fuel burnup process as well as the effect of different fuel cycle and fuel composition. Criticality condition of reactor core and breeding ratio capability have been investigated in this present study based on fast breeder reactor (FBR) type for different loaded fuel compositions of plutonium in the fuel core regions. Loaded fuel of Plutonium compositions are based on spent nuclear fuel (SNF) of light water reactor (LWR) for different fuel burnup process and cooling time conditions of the reactors. Obtained results show that different initial fuels of plutonium gives a significant chance in criticality conditions and fuel conversion capability. Loaded plutonium based on higher burnup process gives a reduction value of criticality condition or less excess reactivity. It also obtains more fuel breeding ratio capability or more breeding gain. Some loaded plutonium based on longer cooling time of LWR gives less excess reactivity and in the same time, it gives higher breeding ratio capability of the reactors. More composition of even mass plutonium isotopes gives more absorption neutron which affects to decresing criticality or less excess reactivity in the core. Similar condition that more absorption neutron by fertile material or even mass plutonium will produce more fissile material or odd mass plutonium isotopes to increase the breeding gain of the reactor.

Pearson's random walk in the space of the CMB phases: Evidence for parity asymmetry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hansen, M.; Frejsel, A. M.; Kim, J.; Naselsky, P.; Nesti, F.

2011-05-01

The temperature fluctuations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) are supposed to be distributed randomly in both magnitude and phase, following to the simplest model of inflation. In this paper, we look at the odd and even multipoles of the spherical harmonic decomposition of the CMB, and the different characteristics of these, giving rise to a parity asymmetry. We compare the even and odd multipoles in the CMB power spectrum, and also the even and odd mean angles. We find for the multipoles of the power spectrum that there is power excess in odd multipoles, compared to even ones, meaning that we have a parity asymmetry. Further, for the phases, we present a random walk for the mean angles, and find a significant separation for even/odd mean angles, especially so for galactic coordinates. This is further tested and confirmed with a directional parity test, comparing the parity asymmetry in galactic and ecliptic coordinates.

Masses and β -Decay Spectroscopy of Neutron-Rich Odd-Odd Eu,162160 Nuclei: Evidence for a Subshell Gap with Large Deformation at N =98

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hartley, D. J.; Kondev, F. G.; Orford, R.; Clark, J. A.; Savard, G.; Ayangeakaa, A. D.; Bottoni, S.; Buchinger, F.; Burkey, M. T.; Carpenter, M. P.; Copp, P.; Gorelov, D. A.; Hicks, K.; Hoffman, C. R.; Hu, C.; Janssens, R. V. F.; Klimes, J. W.; Lauritsen, T.; Sethi, J.; Seweryniak, D.; Sharma, K. S.; Zhang, H.; Zhu, S.; Zhu, Y.

2018-05-01

The structure of deformed neutron-rich nuclei in the rare-earth region is of significant interest for both the astrophysics and nuclear structure fields. At present, a complete explanation for the observed peak in the elemental abundances at A ˜160 eludes astrophysicists, and models depend on accurate quantities, such as masses, lifetimes, and branching ratios of deformed neutron-rich nuclei in this region. Unusual nuclear structure effects are also observed, such as the unexpectedly low energies of the first 2+ levels in some even-even nuclei at N =98 . In order to address these issues, mass and β -decay spectroscopy measurements of the Eu97 160 and Eu99 162 nuclei were performed at the Californium Rare Isotope Breeder Upgrade radioactive beam facility at Argonne National Laboratory. Evidence for a gap in the single-particle neutron energies at N =98 and for large deformation (β2˜0.3 ) is discussed in relation to the unusual phenomena observed at this neutron number.

Gender-specific relationships between socioeconomic disadvantage and obesity in elementary school students.

PubMed

Zahnd, Whitney E; Rogers, Valerie; Smith, Tracey; Ryherd, Susan J; Botchway, Albert; Steward, David E

2015-12-01

To assess the gender-specific effect of socioeconomic disadvantage on obesity in elementary school students. We evaluated body mass index (BMI) data from 2,648 first- and fourth-grade students (1,377 male and 1,271 female students) in eight elementary schools in Springfield, Illinois, between 2012 and 2014. Other factors considered in analysis were grade level, year of data collection, school, race/ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic disadvantage (SD). Students were considered SD if they were eligible for free/reduced price lunch, a school-based poverty measure. We performed Fisher's exact test or chi-square analysis to assess differences in gender and obesity prevalence by the other factors and gender-stratified logistic regression analysis to determine if SD contributed to increased odds of obesity. A higher proportion of SD female students (20.8%) were obese compared to their non-SD peers (15.2%) (p=0.01). Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression analysis indicated no difference in obesity in SD and non-SD male students. However, in both unadjusted and adjusted analyses, SD female students had higher odds of obesity than their peers. Even after controlling for grade level, school, year of data collection, and race/ethnicity, SD female students had 49% higher odds of obesity than their non-SD classmates (odds ratio:1.49; 95% confidence interval: 1.09-2.04). Obesity was elevated in SD female students, even after controlling for factors such as race/ethnicity, but such an association was not seen in male students. Further study is warranted to determine the cause of this disparity, and interventions should be developed to target SD female students. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Reconciling large CP-violating phases with bounds on the electric dipole moments in the MSSM

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ayazi, Seyed Yaser; Farzan, Yasaman

2006-09-01

The possibility of cancellation between different contributions to d{sub e}, d{sub n} and d{sub Hg} is reconsidered with special emphasis on the region that is phenomenologically interesting (intermediate values of tan{beta} and sub-TeV sfermion masses). It is found that in the range favored by electroweak baryogenesis (i.e., {mu}{approx_equal}M{sub 1} or {mu}{approx_equal}M{sub 2}), sin[{theta}{sub {mu}}+{theta}{sub M{sub 1}}]{approx}1 can be compatible with the EDM bounds even for slepton masses below 500 GeV. Such large values of the phases promise a successful electroweak baryogenesis. The possibility of large CP-odd effects at linear collider is also discussed.

School Board Elections: A Study of Citizen Voting Patterns.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Townley, Arthur J.; And Others

1994-01-01

Compares voter turnout in California school board elections when elections were scheduled in even-numbered years rather than odd-numbered years. Findings from selected school districts since 1985 show significant differences in voter turnout depending on the year: 43.85% voter turnout occurred in even-numbered years compared to 20.79% in odd. (GLR)

A Study of Odd- and Even-Number Cultures

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nishiyama, Yutaka

2006-01-01

Japanese prefer odd numbers, whereas Westerners emphasize even numbers, an observation that is clear from the distribution of number-related words in Japanese and English dictionaries. In this article, the author explains why these two cultures differ by surveying the history of numbers, including yin-yang thought from ancient China, ancient Greek…

The numerology of gender: gendered perceptions of even and odd numbers

PubMed Central

Wilkie, James E. B.; Bodenhausen, Galen V.

2015-01-01

Do numbers have gender? Wilkie and Bodenhausen (2012) examined this issue in a series of experiments on perceived gender. They examined the perceived gender of baby faces and foreign names. Arbitrary numbers presented with these faces and names influenced their perceived gender. Specifically, odd numbers connoted masculinity, while even numbers connoted femininity. In two new studies (total N = 315), we further examined the gendering of numbers. The first study examined explicit ratings of 1-digit numbers. We confirmed that odd numbers seemed masculine while even numbers seemed feminine. Although both men and women showed this pattern, it was more pronounced among women. We also examined whether this pattern holds for automatic as well as deliberated reactions. Results of an Implicit Association Test showed that it did, but only among the women. The implicit and explicit patterns of numerical gender ascription were moderately correlated. The second study examined explicit perceptions of 2-digit numbers. Again, women viewed odd numbers as more masculine and less feminine than even numbers. However, men viewed 2-digit numbers as relatively masculine, regardless of whether they were even or odd. These results indicate that women and men impute gender to numbers in different ways and to different extents. We discuss possible implications for understanding how people relate to and are influenced by numbers in a variety of real-life contexts. PMID:26113839

The numerology of gender: gendered perceptions of even and odd numbers.

PubMed

Wilkie, James E B; Bodenhausen, Galen V

2015-01-01

Do numbers have gender? Wilkie and Bodenhausen (2012) examined this issue in a series of experiments on perceived gender. They examined the perceived gender of baby faces and foreign names. Arbitrary numbers presented with these faces and names influenced their perceived gender. Specifically, odd numbers connoted masculinity, while even numbers connoted femininity. In two new studies (total N = 315), we further examined the gendering of numbers. The first study examined explicit ratings of 1-digit numbers. We confirmed that odd numbers seemed masculine while even numbers seemed feminine. Although both men and women showed this pattern, it was more pronounced among women. We also examined whether this pattern holds for automatic as well as deliberated reactions. Results of an Implicit Association Test showed that it did, but only among the women. The implicit and explicit patterns of numerical gender ascription were moderately correlated. The second study examined explicit perceptions of 2-digit numbers. Again, women viewed odd numbers as more masculine and less feminine than even numbers. However, men viewed 2-digit numbers as relatively masculine, regardless of whether they were even or odd. These results indicate that women and men impute gender to numbers in different ways and to different extents. We discuss possible implications for understanding how people relate to and are influenced by numbers in a variety of real-life contexts.

Study of Even-Even/Odd-Even/Odd-Odd Nuclei in Zn-Ga-Ge Region in the Proton-Neutron IBM/IBFM/IBFFM

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yoshida, N.; Brant, S.; Zuffi, L.

We study the even-even, odd-even and odd-odd nuclei in the region including Zn-Ga-Ge in the proton-neutron IBM and the models derived from it: IBM2, IBFM2, IBFFM2. We describe {sup 67}Ga, {sup 65}Zn, and {sup 68}Ga by coupling odd particles to a boson core {sup 66}Zn. We also calculate the beta{sup +}-decay rates among {sup 68}Ge, {sup 68}Ga and {sup 68}Zn.

Structure and growth of Bi(110) islands on Si(111)√{3 }×√{3 }-B substrates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nagase, Kentaro; Kokubo, Ikuya; Yamazaki, Shiro; Nakatsuji, Kan; Hirayama, Hiroyuki

2018-05-01

The structure and growth of ultrathin Bi(110) islands were investigated on a Si(111)√{3 }×√{3 }-B substrate by scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS). Both even- and odd-layer-height islands nucleated on a one-monolayer-thick wetting layer. The islands preferred the even layer heights over the odd layer heights with an area ratio of 3:1. A weak, long-range corrugation was observed to overlap on the atomic arrangement at the top of the islands. The average distance between the peaks of the corrugation oscillated in accordance with the alternation of even and odd layer heights. Nucleation of single- and double-layer terraces occurred on the islands with even layer heights but not on those with odd layer heights. The unit cell of the single-layer terrace was aligned with that of the underlying even-layer-height island. The inequality in the height preference and the height-dependent oscillation of the corrugation suggested that the even- and odd-layer-height islands possessed different structures. The dominance and stability against terrace nucleation of the even-layer-height islands were consistent with the theoretically predicted stability of the paired layer-stacked black-phosphorus (BP)-like structure for ultrathin Bi(110) films. The alignment of the unit cell at the terrace on the island and STS spectra suggested a BP-like/bulklike/BP-like sandwich structure for the odd-layer-height Bi(110) islands.

Coupled channels description of the α-decay fine structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Delion, D. S.; Ren, Zhongzhou; Dumitrescu, A.; Ni, Dongdong

2018-05-01

We review the coupled channels approach of α transitions to excited states. The α-decaying states are identified as narrow outgoing Gamow resonances in an α-daughter potential. The real part of the eigenvalue corresponds to the Q-value, while the imaginary part determines the half of the total α-decay width. We first review the calculations describing transitions to rotational states treated by the rigid rotator model, in even–even, odd-mass and odd–odd nuclei. It is found that the semiclassical method overestimates the branching ratios to excited 4+ for some even–even α-emitters and fails in explaining the unexpected inversion of branching ratios of some odd-mass nuclei, while the coupled-channels results show good agreement with the experimental data. Then, we review the coupled channels method for α-transitions to 2+ vibrational and transitional states. We present the results of the Coherent State Model that describes in a unified way the spectra of vibrational, transitional and rotational nuclei. We evidence general features of the α-decay fine structure, namely the linear dependence between α-intensities and excitation energy, the linear correlation between the strength of the α-core interaction and spectroscopic factor, and the inverse correlation between the nuclear collectivity, given by electromagnetic transitions, and α-clustering.

Center-of-Mass Tomography and Wigner Function for Multimode Photon States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dudinets, Ivan V.; Man'ko, Vladimir I.

2018-06-01

Tomographic probability representation of multimode electromagnetic field states in the scheme of center-of-mass tomography is reviewed. Both connection of the field state Wigner function and observable Weyl symbols with the center-of-mass tomograms as well as connection of the Grönewold kernel with the center-of-mass tomographic kernel determining the noncommutative product of the tomograms are obtained. The dual center-of-mass tomogram of the photon states are constructed and the dual tomographic kernel is obtained. The models of other generalized center-of-mass tomographies are discussed. Example of two-mode even and odd Schrödinger cat states is presented in details.

Nuclear volume effects in equilibrium stable isotope fractionations of mercury, thallium and lead

PubMed Central

Yang, Sha; Liu, Yun

2015-01-01

The nuclear volume effects (NVEs) of Hg, Tl and Pb isotope systems are investigated with careful evaluation on quantum relativistic effects via the Dirac’s formalism of full-electron wave function. Equilibrium 202Hg/198Hg, 205Tl/203Tl, 207Pb/206Pb and 208Pb/206Pb isotope fractionations are found can be up to 3.61‰, 2.54‰, 1.48‰ and 3.72‰ at room temperature, respectively, larger than fractionations predicted by classical mass-dependent isotope fractionations theory. Moreover, the NVE can cause mass-independent fractionations (MIF) for odd-mass isotopes and even-mass isotopes. The plot of vs. for Hg-bearing species falls into a straight line with the slope of 1.66, which is close to previous experimental results. For the first time, Pb4+-bearing species are found can enrich heavier Pb isotopes than Pb2+-bearing species to a surprising extent, e.g., the enrichment can be up to 4.34‰ in terms of 208Pb/206Pb at room temperature, due to their NVEs are in opposite directions. In contrast, fractionations among Pb2+-bearing species are trivial. Therefore, the large Pb fractionation changes provide a potential new tracer for redox conditions in young and closed geologic systems. The magnitudes of NVE-driven even-mass MIFs of Pb isotopes (i.e., ) and odd-mass MIFs (i.e., ) are almost the same but with opposite signs. PMID:26224248

[Oppositional defiant disorder: aspects related to sex differences and informant].

PubMed

Cardo, E; Meisel, V; García-Banda, G; Palmer, C; Riutort, L; Bernad, M; Servera, M

2009-02-27

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is one of the most common externalizing disorders in childhood. ODD prevalence global rates vary from 2% to 16%. Along with conduct disorder and attention deficit disorder, ODD is one of the leading reasons for referral to neuropediatric and psychiatric services. Even though ODD has recognized clinical importance, key aspects of its conceptualization and prevalence in childhood and adolescence remain uncertain. We examine previous research findings of ODD prevalence and analyze sex differences and differences according to informants. ODD prevalence rates present high variability. A number of studies suggest that ODD is more common in boys than in girls. Nevertheless, some authors point that this sex differences may be due to methodological bias. We recommend the validation of an ODD scale that has into consideration the following aspects: level of the subject's development (age), gender and environment.

Fractional quantization of the magnetic flux in cylindrical unconventional superconductors.

PubMed

Loder, F; Kampf, A P; Kopp, T

2013-07-26

The magnetic flux threading a conventional superconducting ring is typically quantized in units of Φ0=hc/2e. The factor of 2 in the denominator of Φ0 originates from the existence of two different types of pairing states with minima of the free energy at even and odd multiples of Φ0. Here we show that spatially modulated pairing states exist with energy minima at fractional flux values, in particular, at multiples of Φ0/2. In such states, condensates with different center-of-mass momenta of the Cooper pairs coexist. The proposed mechanism for fractional flux quantization is discussed in the context of cuprate superconductors, where hc/4e flux periodicities were observed.

Analysis of b quark pair production signal from neutral 2HDM Higgs bosons at future linear colliders

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hashemi, Majid; MahdaviKhorrami, Mostafa

2018-06-01

In this paper, the b quark pair production events are analyzed as a source of neutral Higgs bosons of the two Higgs doublet model type I at linear colliders. The production mechanism is e+e- → Z^{(*)} → HA → b{\\bar{b}}b{\\bar{b}} assuming a fully hadronic final state. The analysis aim is to identify both CP-even and CP-odd Higgs bosons in different benchmark points accommodating moderate boson masses. Due to pair production of Higgs bosons, the analysis is most suitable for a linear collider operating at √{s} = 1 TeV. Results show that in selected benchmark points, signal peaks are observable in the b-jet pair invariant mass distributions at integrated luminosity of 500 fb^{-1}.

Difference between even and odd 11-year cycles in cosmic ray intensity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Otaola, J. A.; Perez-Enriquez, R.; Valdes-Galicia, J. F.

1985-01-01

Cosmic ray data for the period 1946-1984 are used to determine the run of the cosmic ray intensity over three complete solar cycles. The analysis shows a tendency towards a regular alternation of cosmic ray intensity cycles with double and single maxima. Whereas a saddle-like shape is characteristic of even cycles, odd cycles are characterized by a peak-like shape. The importance of this behavior is discussed in terms of different processes influencing cosmic ray transport in the heliosphere.

Systematization of α-decaying nuclei based on shell structures: The case of odd-even and odd-odd nuclei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yarman, Tolga; Zaim, Nimet; Yarman, Ozan; Kholmetskii, Alexander; Arık, Metin

In previous studies, we provided a novel systematization of α-decaying even-even and even-odd nuclei starting with the classically adopted mechanism [T. Yarman et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 52 (2016) 140; Eur. Phys. J. A 53 (2017) 4]. Knowing beforehand the measured decay half-life, we had taken as a parameter the probability of the α-particle as being first born in a unit period of time, within the parent nucleus before it is emitted out. We thence developed a scaffold based on shell properties of families composed of “alike nuclei”. Along the same line, we now present a systematization of odd-even (OE) as well as odd-odd (OO) nuclei. We apply our approach further to the investigation of the effect of pairing (e.g., the effect when the number of nucleons is increased by one neutron), and that of unpairing (e.g., the effect when the number of nucleons is decreased by one neutron); thus it becomes an even number for the case of odd-even nuclei (Case OE), and an odd number in the case of odd-odd nuclei (Case OO). For the first case (OE), we pick the exemplar set 161Re, 217Fr, 243Bk, 263Db; where we delineate by, respectively, Re, Fr, Bk, and Db all of the odd-even or odd-odd isotopes that neighbor the four mentioned odd-even isotopes on the proposed scaffold. We proceed in the same way for the second case (OO). Thus, we choose the exemplar set of odd-odd nuclei 172Ir, 218Ac, 244Es. We then gather all of the Ir, Ac, and Es odd-odd and odd-even isotopes that neighbor the three mentioned odd-odd isotopes on the proposed scaffold. We show that, in the former case, pairing, as expected, generally increases stability of the given nucleus; and in the latter case, unpairing works in just the opposite direction — i.e., it generally increases instability. We disclose “stability peaks” versus Z for both sets of nuclei, we tackle here. Furthermore, we present a study to highlight an outlook of “odd-A nuclei” at hand. Contrary to the general expectation, we unveil no systematic on that.

Five-Photon Absorption and Selective Enhancement of Multiphoton Absorption Processes

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

We study one-, two-, three-, four-, and five-photon absorption of three centrosymmetric molecules using density functional theory. These calculations are the first ab initio calculations of five-photon absorption. Even- and odd-order absorption processes show different trends in the absorption cross sections. The behavior of all even- and odd-photon absorption properties shows a semiquantitative similarity, which can be explained using few-state models. This analysis shows that odd-photon absorption processes are largely determined by the one-photon absorption strength, whereas all even-photon absorption strengths are largely dominated by the two-photon absorption strength, in both cases modulated by powers of the polarizability of the final excited state. We demonstrate how to selectively enhance a specific multiphoton absorption process. PMID:26120588

Five-Photon Absorption and Selective Enhancement of Multiphoton Absorption Processes.

PubMed

Friese, Daniel H; Bast, Radovan; Ruud, Kenneth

2015-05-20

We study one-, two-, three-, four-, and five-photon absorption of three centrosymmetric molecules using density functional theory. These calculations are the first ab initio calculations of five-photon absorption. Even- and odd-order absorption processes show different trends in the absorption cross sections. The behavior of all even- and odd-photon absorption properties shows a semiquantitative similarity, which can be explained using few-state models. This analysis shows that odd-photon absorption processes are largely determined by the one-photon absorption strength, whereas all even-photon absorption strengths are largely dominated by the two-photon absorption strength, in both cases modulated by powers of the polarizability of the final excited state. We demonstrate how to selectively enhance a specific multiphoton absorption process.

Catabolism of Branched Chain Amino Acids Contributes Significantly to Synthesis of Odd-Chain and Even-Chain Fatty Acids in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.

PubMed

Crown, Scott B; Marze, Nicholas; Antoniewicz, Maciek R

2015-01-01

The branched chain amino acids (BCAA) valine, leucine and isoleucine have been implicated in a number of diseases including obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, although the mechanisms are still poorly understood. Adipose tissue plays an important role in BCAA homeostasis by actively metabolizing circulating BCAA. In this work, we have investigated the link between BCAA catabolism and fatty acid synthesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes using parallel 13C-labeling experiments, mass spectrometry and model-based isotopomer data analysis. Specifically, we performed parallel labeling experiments with four fully 13C-labeled tracers, [U-13C]valine, [U-13C]leucine, [U-13C]isoleucine and [U-13C]glutamine. We measured mass isotopomer distributions of fatty acids and intracellular metabolites by GC-MS and analyzed the data using the isotopomer spectral analysis (ISA) framework. We demonstrate that 3T3-L1 adipocytes accumulate significant amounts of even chain length (C14:0, C16:0 and C18:0) and odd chain length (C15:0 and C17:0) fatty acids under standard cell culture conditions. Using a novel GC-MS method, we demonstrate that propionyl-CoA acts as the primer on fatty acid synthase for the production of odd chain fatty acids. BCAA contributed significantly to the production of all fatty acids. Leucine and isoleucine contributed at least 25% to lipogenic acetyl-CoA pool, and valine and isoleucine contributed 100% to lipogenic propionyl-CoA pool. Our results further suggest that low activity of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase and mass action kinetics of propionyl-CoA on fatty acid synthase result in high rates of odd chain fatty acid synthesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Overall, this work provides important new insights into the connection between BCAA catabolism and fatty acid synthesis in adipocytes and underscores the high capacity of adipocytes for metabolizing BCAA.

Variations in Solar Parameters and Cosmic Rays with Solar Magnetic Polarity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Oh, S.; Yi, Y., E-mail: suyeonoh@jnu.ac.kr

The sunspot number varies with the 11-year Schwabe cycle, and the solar magnetic polarity reverses every 11 years approximately at the solar maximum. Because of polarity reversal, the difference between odd and even solar cycles is seen in solar activity. In this study, we create the mean solar cycle expressed by phase using the monthly sunspot number for all solar cycles 1–23. We also generate the mean solar cycle for sunspot area, solar radio flux, and cosmic ray flux within the allowance of observational range. The mean solar cycle has one large peak at solar maximum for odd solar cyclesmore » and two small peaks for most even solar cycles. The odd and even solar cycles have the statistical difference in value and shape at a confidence level of at least 98%. For solar cycles 19–23, the second peak in the even solar cycle is larger than the first peak. This result is consistent with the frequent solar events during the declining phase after the solar maximum. The difference between odd and even solar cycles can be explained by a combined model of polarity reversal and solar rotation. In the positive/negative polarity, the polar magnetic field introduces angular momentum in the same/opposite direction as/to the solar rotation. Thus the addition/subtraction of angular momentum can increase/decrease the motion of plasma to support the formation of sunspots. Since the polarity reverses at the solar maximum, the opposite phenomenon occurs in the declining phase.« less

Novel odd/even effect of alkylene chain length on the photopolymerizability of organogelators.

PubMed

Aoki, Ken'ichi; Kudo, Masabumi; Tamaoki, Nobuyuki

2004-10-28

[reaction: see text] Starting from diactylene diacarboxylic acids, we have synthesized a series of photopolymerizable organogelators that possess simple amide structures, different alkylene chain lengths, and either optically active or racemic 3,7-dimethyl-1-octylamine units. The alkylene chain length of these compounds exhibits a prominent odd/even effect with respect to the photopolymerization in the gel state and is accompanied by a stereostructural effect on the gelation ability.

Seasonal marine growth of Bristol Bay sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in relation to competition with Asian pink salmon (O. gorbuscho) and the 1977 ocean regime shift

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ruggerone, Gregory T.; Farley, Ed; Nielsen, Jennifer L.; Hagen, Peter

2005-01-01

Recent research demonstrated significantly lower growth and survival of Bristol Bay sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) during odd-numbered years of their second or third years at sea (1975, 1977, etc.), a trend that was opposite that of Asian pink salmon (O. gorbuscha) abundance. Here we evaluated seasonal growth trends of Kvichak and Egegik river sockeye salmon (Bristol Bay stocks) during even- and odd-numbered years at sea by measuring scale circuli increments within each growth zone of each major salmon age group between 1955 and 2000. First year scale growth was not significantly different between odd- and even-numbered years, but peak growth of age-2. smolts was significantly higher than age-1 smolts. Total second and third year scale growth of salmon was significantly lower during odd- than during even-numbered years. However, reduced scale growth in odd-numbered years began after peak growth in spring and continued through summer and fall even though most pink salmon had left the high seas by late July (10-18% growth reduction in odd vs. even years). The alternating odd and even year growth pattern was consistent before and after the 1977 ocean regime shift. During 1977-2000, when salmon abundance was relatively great, sockeye salmon growth was high during specific seasons compared with that during 1955-1976, that is to say, immediately after entry to Bristol Bay, after peak growth in the first year, during the middle of the second growing season, and during spring of the third season. Growth after the spring peak in the third year at sea was relatively low during 1977-2000. We hypothesize that high consumption rates of prey by pink salmon during spring through mid-July of odd-numbered years, coupled with declining zooplankton biomass during summer and potentially cyclic abundances of squid and other prey, contributed to reduced prey availability and therefore reduced growth of Bristol Bay sockeye salmon during late spring through fall of odd-numbered years.

Viterbi Tracking of Randomly Phase-Modulated Data (and Related Topics).

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-08-10

odd (#I,, P2 ," • Denote the conditional probability mass 46, ) function of 0k, given Ak, by p(Ok/Ak). For the (4, 4) diagram of Fig. 2(d), i, j even...Professor Electrical Engineering LS:fr I. II Recent (Jutstandinq Acca plisuneil: / - -017(, July 12, 1982 The problem of FM divdulation has a long hi.;try (f

Odd-Even Alternation in Tautomeric Porous Organic Cages with Exceptional Chemical Stability.

PubMed

Bera, Saibal; Basu, Arghya; Tothadi, Srinu; Garai, Bikash; Banerjee, Subhrashis; Vanka, Kumar; Banerjee, Rahul

2017-02-13

Amine-linked (C-NH) porous organic cages (POCs) are preferred over the imine-linked (C=N) POCs owing to their enhanced chemical stability. In general, amine-linked cages, obtained by the reduction of corresponding imines, are not shape-persistent in the crystalline form. Moreover, they require multistep synthesis. Herein, a one-pot synthesis of four new amine-linked organic cages by the reaction of 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol (Tp) with different analogues of alkanediamine is reported. The POCs resulting from the odd diamine (having an odd number of -CH 2 groups) is conformationally eclipsed, while the POCs constructed from even diamines adopt a gauche conformation. This odd-even alternation in the conformation of POCs has been supported by computational calculations. The synthetic strategy hinges on the concept of Schiff base condensation reaction followed by keto-enol tautomerization. This mechanism is the key for the exceptional chemical stability of cages and facilitates their resistance towards acids and bases. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Lattice Virasoro algebra and corner transfer matrices in the Baxter eight-vertex model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Itoyama, H.; Thacker, H.B.

1987-04-06

A lattice Virasoro algebra is constructed for the Baxter eight-vertex model. The operator L/sub 0/ is obtained from the logarithm of the corner transfer matrix and is given by the first moment of the XYZ spin-chain Hamiltonian. The algebra is valid even when the Hamiltonian includes a mass term, in which case it represents lattice coordinate transformations which distinguish between even and odd sublattices. We apply the quantum inverse scattering method to demonstrate that the Virasoro algebra follows from the Yang-Baxter relations.

Alpha-cluster preformation factor within cluster-formation model for odd-A and odd-odd heavy nuclei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saleh Ahmed, Saad M.

2017-06-01

The alpha-cluster probability that represents the preformation of alpha particle in alpha-decay nuclei was determined for high-intensity alpha-decay mode odd-A and odd-odd heavy nuclei, 82 < Z < 114, 111 < N < 174. This probability was calculated using the energy-dependent formula derived from the formulation of clusterisation states representation (CSR) and the hypothesised cluster-formation model (CFM) as in our previous work. Our previous successful determination of phenomenological values of alpha-cluster preformation factors for even-even nuclei motivated us to expand the work to cover other types of nuclei. The formation energy of interior alpha cluster needed to be derived for the different nuclear systems with considering the unpaired-nucleon effect. The results showed the phenomenological value of alpha preformation probability and reflected the unpaired nucleon effect and the magic and sub-magic effects in nuclei. These results and their analyses presented are very useful for future work concerning the calculation of the alpha decay constants and the progress of its theory.

Systematics of nuclear deformation in large regions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Y. M.; Arima, A.; Casten, R. F.

2001-06-01

In this paper we present the systematics of nuclear deformation for even-even, even-odd, odd-even, and doubly odd nuclei in four regions: the 50

Obesity, starch digestion and amylase: association between copy number variants at human salivary (AMY1) and pancreatic (AMY2) amylase genes

PubMed Central

Carpenter, Danielle; Dhar, Sugandha; Mitchell, Laura M.; Fu, Beiyuan; Tyson, Jess; Shwan, Nzar A.A.; Yang, Fengtang; Thomas, Mark G.; Armour, John A.L.

2015-01-01

The human salivary amylase genes display extensive copy number variation (CNV), and recent work has implicated this variation in adaptation to starch-rich diets, and in association with body mass index. In this work, we use paralogue ratio tests, microsatellite analysis, read depth and fibre-FISH to demonstrate that human amylase CNV is not a smooth continuum, but is instead partitioned into distinct haplotype classes. There is a fundamental structural distinction between haplotypes containing odd or even numbers of AMY1 gene units, in turn coupled to CNV in pancreatic amylase genes AMY2A and AMY2B. Most haplotypes have one copy each of AMY2A and AMY2B and contain an odd number of copies of AMY1; consequently, most individuals have an even total number of AMY1. In contrast, haplotypes carrying an even number of AMY1 genes have rearrangements leading to CNVs of AMY2A/AMY2B. Read-depth and experimental data show that different populations harbour different proportions of these basic haplotype classes. In Europeans, the copy numbers of AMY1 and AMY2A are correlated, so that phenotypic associations caused by variation in pancreatic amylase copy number could be detected indirectly as weak association with AMY1 copy number. We show that the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay previously applied to the high-throughput measurement of AMY1 copy number is less accurate than the measures we use and that qPCR data in other studies have been further compromised by systematic miscalibration. Our results uncover new patterns in human amylase variation and imply a potential role for AMY2 CNV in functional associations. PMID:25788522

Obesity, starch digestion and amylase: association between copy number variants at human salivary (AMY1) and pancreatic (AMY2) amylase genes.

PubMed

Carpenter, Danielle; Dhar, Sugandha; Mitchell, Laura M; Fu, Beiyuan; Tyson, Jess; Shwan, Nzar A A; Yang, Fengtang; Thomas, Mark G; Armour, John A L

2015-06-15

The human salivary amylase genes display extensive copy number variation (CNV), and recent work has implicated this variation in adaptation to starch-rich diets, and in association with body mass index. In this work, we use paralogue ratio tests, microsatellite analysis, read depth and fibre-FISH to demonstrate that human amylase CNV is not a smooth continuum, but is instead partitioned into distinct haplotype classes. There is a fundamental structural distinction between haplotypes containing odd or even numbers of AMY1 gene units, in turn coupled to CNV in pancreatic amylase genes AMY2A and AMY2B. Most haplotypes have one copy each of AMY2A and AMY2B and contain an odd number of copies of AMY1; consequently, most individuals have an even total number of AMY1. In contrast, haplotypes carrying an even number of AMY1 genes have rearrangements leading to CNVs of AMY2A/AMY2B. Read-depth and experimental data show that different populations harbour different proportions of these basic haplotype classes. In Europeans, the copy numbers of AMY1 and AMY2A are correlated, so that phenotypic associations caused by variation in pancreatic amylase copy number could be detected indirectly as weak association with AMY1 copy number. We show that the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay previously applied to the high-throughput measurement of AMY1 copy number is less accurate than the measures we use and that qPCR data in other studies have been further compromised by systematic miscalibration. Our results uncover new patterns in human amylase variation and imply a potential role for AMY2 CNV in functional associations. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press.

Generalized ruin problems and asynchronous random walks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abad, E.

2005-07-01

We consider a gambling game with two different kinds of trials and compute the duration of the game (averaged over all possible initial capitals of the players) by a mapping of the problem to a 1D lattice walk of two particles reacting upon encounter. The relative frequency of the trials is governed by the synchronicity parameter p of the random walk. The duration of the game is given by the mean time to reaction, which turns out to display a different behavior for even and odd lattices, i.e. this quantity is monotonic in p for odd lattices and non-monotonic for even lattices. In the game picture, this implies that the players minimize the duration of the game by restricting themselves to one type of trial if their joint capital is odd, otherwise a non-symmetric mixture of both trials is needed.

The Karhunen-Loeve, discrete cosine, and related transforms obtained via the Hadamard transform. [for data compression

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, H. W.; Hein, D. N.; Knauer, S. C.

1978-01-01

A general class of even/odd transforms is presented that includes the Karhunen-Loeve transform, the discrete cosine transform, the Walsh-Hadamard transform, and other familiar transforms. The more complex even/odd transforms can be computed by combining a simpler even/odd transform with a sparse matrix multiplication. A theoretical performance measure is computed for some even/odd transforms, and two image compression experiments are reported.

Room temperature structures and odd even behaviour of a homologous series of anhydrous lithium n-alkanoates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

White, Nicole A. S.; Ellis, Henry A.

2008-10-01

The molecular structures of a homologous series of lithium n-alkanoates have been determined at room temperature using infrared spectroscopy, polarizing light microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction in conjunction with density and melting point measurements. For all the compounds investigated, asymmetric ionic metal-carboxylate coordination is proposed, with the molecules located within a triclinic crystal system with P1¯ space group. The molecules are nearly all of similar structure and are arranged within lamellar layers with four molecules per unit cell. The hydrocarbon chains, in nearly all trans conformation, are arranged tail-to-tail and tilted at an average angle of 55 ο to the planes containing lithium ions. The unit cell parameters such as sides: b and c increase linearly with increasing chain length whilst side a shows a linear decrease. Furthermore, the measured densities and melting points show odd-even behaviour, suggesting differences in molecular packing between odd and even chain length homologues. Geometric models are proposed to explain molecular orientation within a lamella and odd-even behaviour, involving the influence of terminal groups on the packing geometry of hydrocarbon chains within the lattice.

Allergies and risk of pancreatic cancer: a pooled analysis from the Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium.

PubMed

Olson, Sara H; Hsu, Meier; Satagopan, Jaya M; Maisonneuve, Patrick; Silverman, Debra T; Lucenteforte, Ersilia; Anderson, Kristin E; Borgida, Ayelet; Bracci, Paige M; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H Bas; Cotterchio, Michelle; Dai, Qi; Duell, Eric J; Fontham, Elizabeth H; Gallinger, Steven; Holly, Elizabeth A; Ji, Bu-Tian; Kurtz, Robert C; La Vecchia, Carlo; Lowenfels, Albert B; Luckett, Brian; Ludwig, Emmy; Petersen, Gloria M; Polesel, Jerry; Seminara, Daniela; Strayer, Lori; Talamini, Renato

2013-09-01

In order to quantify the risk of pancreatic cancer associated with history of any allergy and specific allergies, to investigate differences in the association with risk according to age, gender, smoking status, or body mass index, and to study the influence of age at onset, we pooled data from 10 case-control studies. In total, there were 3,567 cases and 9,145 controls. Study-specific odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by using unconditional logistic regression adjusted for age, gender, smoking status, and body mass index. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed by using the Cochran Q statistic. Study-specific odds ratios were pooled by using a random-effects model. The odds ratio for any allergy was 0.79 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.62, 1.00) with heterogeneity among studies (P < 0.001). Heterogeneity was attributable to one study; with that study excluded, the pooled odds ratio was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.64, 0.84) (Pheterogeneity = 0.23). Hay fever (odds ratio = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.96) and allergy to animals (odds ratio = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.41, 0.94) were related to lower risk, while there was no statistically significant association with other allergies or asthma. There were no major differences among subgroups defined by age, gender, smoking status, or body mass index. Older age at onset of allergies was slightly more protective than earlier age.

Allergies and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Pooled Analysis From the Pancreatic Cancer Case-Control Consortium

PubMed Central

Olson, Sara H.; Hsu, Meier; Satagopan, Jaya M.; Maisonneuve, Patrick; Silverman, Debra T.; Lucenteforte, Ersilia; Anderson, Kristin E.; Borgida, Ayelet; Bracci, Paige M.; Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas; Cotterchio, Michelle; Dai, Qi; Duell, Eric J.; Fontham, Elizabeth H.; Gallinger, Steven; Holly, Elizabeth A.; Ji, Bu-Tian; Kurtz, Robert C.; La Vecchia, Carlo; Lowenfels, Albert B.; Luckett, Brian; Ludwig, Emmy; Petersen, Gloria M.; Polesel, Jerry; Seminara, Daniela; Strayer, Lori; Talamini, Renato

2013-01-01

In order to quantify the risk of pancreatic cancer associated with history of any allergy and specific allergies, to investigate differences in the association with risk according to age, gender, smoking status, or body mass index, and to study the influence of age at onset, we pooled data from 10 case-control studies. In total, there were 3,567 cases and 9,145 controls. Study-specific odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by using unconditional logistic regression adjusted for age, gender, smoking status, and body mass index. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed by using the Cochran Q statistic. Study-specific odds ratios were pooled by using a random-effects model. The odds ratio for any allergy was 0.79 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.62, 1.00) with heterogeneity among studies (P < 0.001). Heterogeneity was attributable to one study; with that study excluded, the pooled odds ratio was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.64, 0.84) (Pheterogeneity = 0.23). Hay fever (odds ratio = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.96) and allergy to animals (odds ratio = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.41, 0.94) were related to lower risk, while there was no statistically significant association with other allergies or asthma. There were no major differences among subgroups defined by age, gender, smoking status, or body mass index. Older age at onset of allergies was slightly more protective than earlier age. PMID:23820785

Two quasiparticles plus rotor model calculation for odd-odd nuclei in the A=160 region

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Renrong, Zheng; Shunquan, Zhu; Yunwei, Pu

1997-07-01

The axially symmetric rotor plus quasiparticle model for an odd nucleus is generalized to the odd-odd nucleus and special attention is paid to the model basis accounting for γ vibration perturbation around axial symmetry. The method presented in this paper is used for a number of realistic nuclei in the A=160 mass region. Two slightly different calculation schemes are put into practice. The first calculation gives results in qualitative agreement with experiments and the second calculation provides remarkable improvements to the first. A possible explanation of the mechanism for signature inversion of odd-odd nuclei is discussed.

REVERSALS OF GNEVYSHEV-OHL RULE

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tlatov, Andrey G., E-mail: tlatov@mail.ru

2013-08-01

We perform an analysis of the number of sunspot groups in activity cycles from 1610 through the present. Here we use the G{sub n} index, which is defined as the average daily number of sunspot groups in cycle n. There is a high positive correlation between the parameter G{sub n} in the current cycle and an analogous parameter in the following cycle G{sub n{sub +1}} both for pairs of even-odd cycles and odd-even activity cycles. In cycle Nos. 10-21 for pairs of even-odd cycles, the ratio of parameter G{sub n} corresponds to the GO rule G{sub n{sub +1}{sup odd}}/G{sub n}{supmore » even}>1. However, during the period {approx}1745-1850, odd cycles were less than the preceding even cycles G{sub n{sub +1}{sup odd}}/G{sub n}{sup even}<1. The ratio of the parameter G{sub n{sub +1}{sup odd}}/G{sub n}{sup even} has a long-term variation within the range 0.5-1.5 with a period of about 21 activity cycles, and it proves the reversal of the GO rule.« less

Fractionation of mercury isotopes by photo-oxidation in aquatic systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghosh, S.; Bergquist, B. A.; Blum, J. D.

2009-12-01

Mercury is a globally distributed pollutant that bioaccumulates in aquatic food webs, even in remote locations. The recent discovery of both large mass-dependent fractionation (MDF) and mass-independent fractionation (MIF) has made the promise of tracing this neurotoxin through the environment by using its isotopes very exciting. So far, the only process demonstrated experimentally to produce large MIF for Hg (similar in magnitude to the MIF observed in natural samples such as fish) is photochemical reduction (Bergquist and Blum, 2007). During photo-reduction, MIF of the odd isotopes was observed with the odd isotopes (199Hg, 201Hg) being preferentially enriched in the aqueous phase. Bergquist and Blum, 2007, suggested that the cause of MIF was the magnetic isotope effect (MIE), which is purely a kinetic phenomenon involving radical pair intermediates. Radical pairs with odd isotopes, which have non-zero nuclear spin and magnetic moments, can undergo spin conversion faster than radical pairs with non-magnetic even isotopes. This allows the odd and even isotopes to be preferentially enriched in different reaction products. MIE is a complex phenomenon that is dependent on several factors including hyperfine coupling, life-time of the radical pair, coupling strength of the radical pair, spin-orbital coupling, diffusion factors, and the solvent cage (space) in which the reaction occurs. Only under rare circumstances will all the factors be suitable for the expression of MIE in natural reactions. The goal of this study was to conduct aqueous photo-oxidation reactions to investigate whether this redox pathway expresses MIF (in the form of MIE) similar to the photo-reduction pathway. In natural systems, net photo-reduction of Hg (II) species results in the release of Hg(0) vapor to the atmosphere. However this net photo-reduction is a combination of both photo-reduction and photo-oxidation. In their experiments, Bergquist and Blum 2007, only investigated the aqueous photo-reduction pathway and suppressed the photo-oxidation reaction. Photochemical oxidation experiments of Hg(0) were performed in quartz reaction chambers using natural sunlight. Solutions of aqueous Hg(0) were prepared by continuously bubbling vapor Hg(0) generated by a gas-liquid separator into the quartz reaction chamber filled with water. Experiments were conducted in the presence of Cl- and other potential oxidants such as semiquinone, hydroxyl radicals and H2O2 to assess if the presence of these different oxidants showed significant differences in the expression of Hg isotopic fractionation during the photo-oxidation process. For experiments run in the presence of Cl- only, ~2% of Hg was oxidized at the end of 7 hours whereas in the presence of both semiquinone radical and Cl- , approximately 20% of Hg was oxidized at the end of 6 hours. In the experiment with hydroxyl radicals present, ~ 7% of Hg was oxidized at the end of 6.5 hours. Another set of experiments were conducted where the net photo-reduction was mimicked, which allowed both photo-oxidation and photo-reduction to occur. Isotopic results and their implications on the redox cycle of mercury obtained from these experiments will be discussed in detail.

Modeling of second order space charge driven coherent sum and difference instabilities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yuan, Yao-Shuo; Boine-Frankenheim, Oliver; Hofmann, Ingo

2017-10-01

Second order coherent oscillation modes in intense particle beams play an important role for beam stability in linear or circular accelerators. In addition to the well-known second order even envelope modes and their instability, coupled even envelope modes and odd (skew) modes have recently been shown in [Phys. Plasmas 23, 090705 (2016), 10.1063/1.4963851] to lead to parametric instabilities in periodic focusing lattices with sufficiently different tunes. While this work was partly using the usual envelope equations, partly also particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation, we revisit these modes here and show that the complete set of second order even and odd mode phenomena can be obtained in a unifying approach by using a single set of linearized rms moment equations based on "Chernin's equations." This has the advantage that accurate information on growth rates can be obtained and gathered in a "tune diagram." In periodic focusing we retrieve the parametric sum instabilities of coupled even and of odd modes. The stop bands obtained from these equations are compared with results from PIC simulations for waterbag beams and found to show very good agreement. The "tilting instability" obtained in constant focusing confirms the equivalence of this method with the linearized Vlasov-Poisson system evaluated in second order.

Laser ablation synthesis of new gold phosphides using red phosphorus and nanogold as precursors. Laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Panyala, Nagender Reddy; Peña-Méndez, Eladia María; Havel, Josef

2012-05-15

Gold phosphides show unique optical or semiconductor properties and there are extensive high technology applications, e.g. in laser diodes, etc. In spite of the various AuP structures known, the search for new materials is wide. Laser ablation synthesis is a promising screening and synthetic method. Generation of gold phosphides via laser ablation of red phosphorus and nanogold mixtures was studied using laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI TOFMS). Gold clusters Au(m)(+) (m = 1 to ~35) were observed with a difference of one gold atom and their intensities were in decreasing order with respect to m. For P(n)(+) (n = 2 to ~111) clusters, the intensities of odd-numbered phosphorus clusters are much higher than those for even-numbered phosphorus clusters. During ablation of P-nanogold mixtures, clusters Au(m)(+) (m = 1-12), P(n)(+) (n = 2-7, 9, 11, 13-33, 35-95 (odd numbers)), AuP(n)(+) (n = 1, 2-88 (even numbers)), Au(2)P(n)(+) (n = 1-7, 14-16, 21-51 (odd numbers)), Au(3)P(n)(+) (n = 1-6, 8, 9, 14), Au(4)P(n)(+) (n = 1-9, 14-16), Au(5)P(n)(+) (n = 1-6, 14, 16), Au(6)P(n)(+) (n = 1-6), Au(7)P(n)(+) (n = 1-7), Au(8)P(n)(+) (n = 1-6, 8), Au(9)P(n)(+) (n = 1-10), Au(10)P(n)(+) (n = 1-8, 15), Au(11)P(n)(+) (n = 1-6), and Au(12)P(n)(+) (n = 1, 2, 4) were detected in positive ion mode. In negative ion mode, Au(m)(-) (m = 1-5), P(n)(-) (n = 2, 3, 5-11, 13-19, 21-35, 39, 41, 47, 49, 55 (odd numbers)), AuP(n)(-) (n = 4-6, 8-26, 30-36 (even numbers), 48), Au(2)P(n)(-) (n = 2-5, 8, 11, 13, 15, 17), A(3) P(n)(-) (n = 6-11, 32), Au(4)P(n)(-) (n = 1, 2, 4, 6, 10), Au(6)P(5)(-), and Au(7)P(8)(-) clusters were observed. In both modes, phosphorus-rich Au(m)P(n) clusters prevailed. The first experimental evidence for formation of AuP(60) and gold-covered phosphorus Au(12)P(n) (n = 1, 2, 4) clusters is given. The new gold phosphides generated might inspire synthesis of new Au-P materials with specific properties. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Greater adherence to a Mediterranean diet is associated with lower prevalence of colorectal adenomas in men of all races.

PubMed

Haslam, Alyson; Robb, Sara Wagner; Hébert, James R; Huang, Hanwen; Ebell, Mark H

2017-12-01

To examine potential racial differences in Mediterranean diet scores and whether these differences are associated with the prevalence of colorectal adenoma (CRA), a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial was performed. The authors hypothesize that people consuming a more Mediterranean-like diet have lower odds of CRA. Flexible sigmoidoscopy was used to determine the presence of colorectal adenoma. Mediterranean diet scores were calculated from food frequency questionnaire responses. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between Mediterranean diet scores and the odds of prevalent CRA, as well as the joint effects of race and diet. Asians, followed by blacks, had higher Mediterranean diet scores than whites. Generally, men with better Mediterranean diet scores (altMED) had lower odds of CRA, but black and Asian men had even lower odds of prevalent CRA with better altMED diet scores than did white men with higher altMED diet scores. In this study population, all men had lower odds of prevalent CRA, but black and Asian men, who had higher (more favorable) altMED diet scores than whites, had even lower odds of prevalent CRA compared with white men. An altMED diet prescription may be especially beneficial for certain subpopulations who may be at higher risk of CRA. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Nuclear Structure Near the N=Z Line in the A=80 Region

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gross, Carl J.

1996-11-01

Self-conjugate nuclei are unique laboratory systems which allow specific facets of nuclear structure to be explored. Shell gaps present in the single-particle spectra are reinforced by both proton and neutron Fermi levels. As a result of this localized occupation, proton-neutron correlations can contribute to the overall pairing energy resulting in a more stable system. Through the use of large germanium detector arrays and recoil separators, these nuclei, which are produced with extremely small fusion-evaporation cross-sections, have been observed using in-beam spectroscopic techniques only within the past decade. Typically, only the first two or three transitions have been observed. Now that even more efficient germanium arrays and recoil mass spectrometers are being coupled together, more detailed spectroscopic information may be obtained. Data will be presented for the self-conjugate odd-odd nucleus ^74Rb (D. Rudolph, et al. al.), Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 376 (1996) whose energy level spacings are more like the even-even isotone ^74Kr than its nearest odd-odd neighbor ^76Rb. The Tz = +1/2 nuclei ^75Rb and ^77Sr (C. J. Gross, et al. al.), Phys. Rev. C 49, R580 (1994) reveal possible evidence for neutron-proton correlations at moderate spins and these data will also be presented. In addition, a systematic study of the Tz = 1 nuclei ^74Kr, ^78Sr, ^82Zr, and ^86Mo (D. Rudolph, et al. al.), Phys. Rev. C 54, 117 (1996) has been undertaken. These nuclei, reveal how the collectivity changes throughout the region. This work was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under contracts DE-AC05-76OR00033 and DE-AC05-96OR22464.

Investigation of 14-15 MeV ( n, t) Reaction Cross-sections by Using New Evaluated Empirical and Semi-empirical Systematic Formulas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tel, E.; Aydın, A.; Kaplan, A.; Şarer, B.

2008-09-01

In the hybrid reactor, tritium self-sufficiency must be maintained for a commercial power plant. For self-sustaining (D-T) fusion driver tritium breeding ratio should be greater than 1.05. Working out the systematics of ( n, t) reaction cross-sections are of great importance for the definition of the excitation function character for the given reaction taking place on various nuclei at energies up to 20 MeV. In this study we have investigated asymmetry term effect for the ( n, t) reaction cross-sections at 14-15 neutron incident energy. It has been discussed the odd-even effect and the pairing effect considering binding energy systematic of the nuclear shell model for the new experimental data and new cross-sections formulas ( n, t) reactions developed by Tel et al. We have determined a different parameter groups by the classification of nuclei into even-even, even-odd and odd-even for ( n, t) reactions cross-sections. The obtained empirical and semi-empirical formulas by fitting two parameter for ( n, t) reactions were given. All calculated results have been compared with the experimental data and the other semi-empirical formulas.

Cubic interactions of massless bosonic fields in three dimensions. II. Parity-odd and Chern-Simons vertices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kessel, Pan; Mkrtchyan, Karapet

2018-05-01

This work completes the classification of the cubic vertices for arbitrary-spin massless bosons in three dimensions started in a previous companion paper by constructing parity-odd vertices. Similarly to the parity-even case, there is a unique parity-odd vertex for any given triple s1≥s2≥s3≥2 of massless bosons if the triangle inequalities are satisfied (s1

Sporophytic nondisjunction of the maize B chromosome at high copy numbers.

PubMed

Masonbrink, Rick E; Birchler, James A

2010-01-01

It has been known for decades that the maize B chromosome undergoes nondisjunction at the second pollen mitosis. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) was used to undertake a quantitative study of maize plants with differing numbers of B chromosomes to observe if instability increases by increasing B dosage in root tip tissue. B chromosome nondisjunction was basically absent at low copy number, but increased at higher B numbers. Thus, B nondisjunction rates are dependent on the dosage of B's in the sporophyte. Differences in nondisjunction were also documented between odd and even doses of the B. In plants that have inherited odd numbered doses of the B chromosome, B loss is nearly twice as likely as B gain in a somatic division. When comparing plants with even doses of B's to plants with odd doses of B's, plants with even numbers had a significantly higher chance to increase in number. Therefore, the B's non-disjunctive capacity, previously thought to be primarily restricted to the gametophyte, is present in sporophytic cells. Copyright 2010 Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology and the Genetics Society of China. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Age modifies the association between serum obestatin, appetite and nutritional status in maintenance hemodialysis patients.

PubMed

Katkov, Anna; Sinuani, Inna; Azar, Ada; Shapiro, Gregory; Efrati, Shai; Beberashvili, Ilia

2018-01-23

Increased age is strongly associated with anorexia and protein-energy wasting (PEW) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) population. We hypothesized that the association of obestatin, a recently discovered anorexigenic gut hormone, with appetite and nutritional status differs by age groups. We performed a cross-sectional study on 261MHD patients. Obestatin, acyl-ghrelin, markers of inflammation (CRP, IL-6, TNF-α) and nutrition (self-reported appetite, dietary intake, biochemical nutritional parameters, and body composition) were measured. Obestatin was associated with appetite in multivariate analyses even after controlling for such confounders as lean body mass (LBM), IL-6 and acyl-ghrelin in patients younger than 71 years. For each ng/ml increase in obestatin levels, the odds for diminished appetite was 0.75 (95% CI: 0.59-0.96). However, these associations were not observed in patients 71 years and older. Multivariable logistic regression models (including appetite) also showed increasing odds for PEW (defined by ESPEN consensus-based criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition) across increasing serum obestatin levels (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.05-2.18) in patients 71 years and older. However, after lean body mass (LBM) was added to this model, the association between obestatin and malnutrition was abolished (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 0.83-1.91). The association between serum obestatin, appetite and PEW differs depending on age in MHD patients. A positive link with appetite exists in patients younger than 71 years, whereas this relationship disappears by the age of 71. In older MHD patients, obestatin is associated with PEW through mechanisms related to LBM, but not to appetite.

Odd versus even: a scientific study of the ‘rules’ of plating

PubMed Central

Michel, Charles; Spence, Charles

2016-01-01

We report on the results of a series of large-scale computer-based preference tests (conducted at The Science Museum in London and online) that evaluated the widely-held belief that food should be plated in odd rather than even numbers of elements in order to maximize the visual appeal of a dish. Participants were presented with pairs of plates of food showing odd versus even number of seared scallops (3 vs. 4; 1–6 in Experiment 7), arranged in a line, as a polygon or randomly, on either a round or square white plate. No consistent evidence for a preference for odd or even numbers of food items was found, thus questioning the oft-made assertion that odd number of items on a plate looks better than an even number. The implications of these results are discussed. PMID:26839741

The evens and odds of CMB anomalies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gruppuso, A.; Kitazawa, N.; Lattanzi, M.; Mandolesi, N.; Natoli, P.; Sagnotti, A.

2018-06-01

The lack of power of large-angle CMB anisotropies is known to increase its statistical significance at higher Galactic latitudes, where a string-inspired pre-inflationary scale Δ can also be detected. Considering the Planck 2015 data, and relying largely on a Bayesian approach, we show that the effect is mostly driven by the even - ℓ harmonic multipoles with ℓ ≲ 20, which appear sizably suppressed in a way that is robust with respect to Galactic masking, along with the corresponding detections of Δ. On the other hand, the first odd - ℓ multipoles are only suppressed at high Galactic latitudes. We investigate this behavior in different sky masks, constraining Δ through even and odd multipoles, and we elaborate on possible implications. We include low- ℓ polarization data which, despite being noise-limited, help in attaining confidence levels of about 3 σ in the detection of Δ. We also show by direct forecasts that a future all-sky E-mode cosmic-variance-limited polarization survey may push the constraining power for Δ beyond 5 σ.

Quartetting in even-even and odd-odd N=Z nuclei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sambataro, M.; Sandulescu, N.

2018-02-01

We report on a microscopic description of even-even N = Z nuclei in a formalism of quartets. Quartets are four-body correlated structures characterized by isospin T and angular momentum J. We show that the ground state correlations induced by a realistic shell model interaction can be well accounted for in terms of a restricted set of T = 0 low-J quartets, the J = 0 one playing by far a leading role among them. A conceptually similar description of odd-odd self-conjugate nuclei is given in terms of two distinct families of building blocks, one formed by the same T = 0 quartets employed for the even-even systems and the other by collective pairs with either T = 0 or T = 1. Some applications of this formalism are discussed for nuclei in the sd shell.

Investigation into accurate mass capability of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, with respect to radical ion species.

PubMed

Wyatt, Mark F; Stein, Bridget K; Brenton, A Gareth

2006-05-01

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) has been shown to be an effective technique for the characterization of organometallic, coordination, and highly conjugated compounds. The preferred matrix is 2-[(2E)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-methylprop-2-enylidene]malononitrile (DCTB), with radical ions observed. However, MALDI-TOFMS is generally not favored for accurate mass measurement. A specific method had to be developed for such compounds to assure the quality of our accurate mass results. Therefore, in this preliminary study, two methods of data acquisition, and both even-electron (EE+) ion and odd-electron (OE+.) radical ion mass calibration standards, have been investigated to establish the basic measurement technique. The benefit of this technique is demonstrated for a copper compound for which ions were observed by MALDI, but not by electrospray (ESI) or liquid secondary ion mass spectrometry (LSIMS); a mean mass accuracy error of -1.2 ppm was obtained.

Phenomenology of U(1)F extension of inert-doublet model with exotic scalars and leptons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dhargyal, Lobsang

2018-02-01

In this work we will extend the inert-doublet model (IDM) by adding a new U(1)F gauge symmetry to it, under which, a Z2 even scalar (φ 2) and Z2 odd right handed component of two exotic charged leptons (F_{eR}, F_{μ R}), are charged. We also add one Z2 even real scalar (φ 1) and one complex scalar (φ ), three neutral Majorana right handed fermions (N1, N2, N3), two left handed components of the exotic charged leptons (F_{eL}, F_{μ L}) as well as F_{τ } are all odd under the Z2, all of which are not charged under the U(1)F. With these new particles added to the IDM, we have a model which can give two scalar DM candidates, together they can explain the present DM relic density as well as the muon (g-2) anomaly simultaneously. Also in this model the neutrino masses are generated at one loop level. One of the most peculiar feature of this model is that non-trivial solution to the axial gauge anomaly free conditions lead to the prediction of a stable very heavy partner to the electron (Fe), whose present collider limit (13 TeV LHC) on its mass should be around m_{Fe} ≥ few TeV.

Vacuum energy in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet anti-de Sitter gravity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kofinas, Georgios; Olea, Rodrigo

2006-10-15

A finite action principle for Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet anti-de Sitter gravity is achieved by supplementing the bulk Lagrangian by a suitable boundary term, whose form substantially differs in odd and even dimensions. For even dimensions, this term is given by the boundary contribution in the Euler theorem with a coupling constant fixed, demanding the spacetime to have constant (negative) curvature in the asymptotic region. For odd dimensions, the action is stationary under a boundary condition on the variation of the extrinsic curvature. A well-posed variational principle leads to an appropriate definition of energy and other conserved quantities using the Noether theorem, andmore » to a correct description of black hole thermodynamics. In particular, this procedure assigns a nonzero energy to anti-de Sitter spacetime in all odd dimensions.« less

Nuclear isospin effect on α-decay half-lives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akrawy, Dashty T.; Hassanabadi, H.; Hosseini, S. S.; Santhosh, K. P.

2018-07-01

The α-decay half-lives for the even-even, even-odd, odd-even and odd-odd of 356 nuclei in the range 52 ≤Zp ≤ 118 have been studied within the analytical formula of Royer and also within the modified analytical formula of Royer. We calculated the new coefficient of the Royer by fitting 356 isotopes. Also, we considered the Denisov and Khudenko formula and obtained the new coefficient for the modified Denisov and Khudenko formula. We calculated the standard deviation and the average deviation. Analytical results are compared with the experimental data. The results are in better agreement with the experimental data when the effect of the isospin considered for the parent nuclei.

Weizsäcker-Skyrme-type nuclear mass formula incorporating two combinatorial radial basis function prescriptions and their application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Na Na; Zhang, Hai Fei; Yin, Peng; Bao, Xiao Jun; Zhang, Hong Fei

2017-08-01

Within the improved Weizsäcker-Skyrme (WS)-type nuclear mass formulas, we systematically calculated one-nucleon and two-nucleon separated energy, α-decay and β-decay energies, and the odd-even staggering (OES) of nuclear binding energies. As a result, the root-mean-square (rms) deviations of 2267 nuclei within the new improved WS-type mass formula are dropped from 493 to 167 keV, where 2267 nuclei are extracted from the atomic mass evaluation of 2012. Simultaneously, all the rms deviations of one-nucleon and two-nucleon separation energies and decay energies Qα,Qβ-,Qβ+, and QEC for more than 3000 nuclei are cut down by about 100-400 keV. Further, some basic physical observations of 988 boundary nuclei are predicted for providing reference to experiments. Finally, the overall neutron OESs and proton OESs have been systemically investigated and the residual error satisfies a normal distribution. The pairing gaps Δn and Δp of the isotopes of O, Ca, Ni, Zr, Sn, Gd, Qs, Pb, Pa, Ds and the isotonic magic chains of N =28 ,50 ,82 ,126 and even-even nuclei are also studied with dramatic improvements obtained. Especially, the rms of Δn and Δp in these nuclei have been reduced by about 200 keV. The above physical quantities show important information for nuclear charts and the features of nuclear structure.

Alignments of parity even/odd-only multipoles in CMB

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aluri, Pavan K.; Ralston, John P.; Weltman, Amanda

2017-12-01

We compare the statistics of parity even and odd multipoles of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) sky from Planck full mission temperature measurements. An excess power in odd multipoles compared to even multipoles has previously been found on large angular scales. Motivated by this apparent parity asymmetry, we evaluate directional statistics associated with even compared to odd multipoles, along with their significances. Primary tools are the Power tensor and Alignment tensor statistics. We limit our analysis to the first 60 multipoles i.e. l = [2, 61]. We find no evidence for statistically unusual alignments of even parity multipoles. More than one independent statistic finds evidence for alignments of anisotropy axes of odd multipoles, with a significance equivalent to ∼2σ or more. The robustness of alignment axes is tested by making Galactic cuts and varying the multipole range. Very interestingly, the region spanned by the (a)symmetry axes is found to broadly contain other parity (a)symmetry axes previously observed in the literature.

Systematization of α-decaying nuclei based on shell structures: The case of even-odd nuclei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yarman, Tolga; Zaim, Nimet; Yarman, O.; Kholmetskii, Alexander; Arık, Metin

2017-01-01

Previously, we provided a novel systematization of α-decaying even-even nuclei starting with the classically adopted mechanism (Yarman et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 52, 140 (2016)). The decay half-life of an α-decaying nucleus was framed so that i) the α-particle is taken at the outset to be born inside the parent nucleus with a given probability, ii) where it then keeps on bouncing off of the barrier of the parent nucleus till iii) it finally tunnels through the barrier. Knowing beforehand the measured decay half-life, we have taken into consideration, as a parameter, the probability of the α-particle being first born within the parent before it is emitted. We thence developed a scaffold based on shell properties of families composed of alike even-even nuclei. Nevertheless, our model allows us to incorporate any α-decaying nuclei, and along this line, we present a follow-up systematization of even-odd nuclei, with cases of odd-even and odd-odd α-decaying nuclei pending to be considered in a separate contribution. Notwithstanding, we make an effort herein to expand our approach to investigate the effect of "pairing" ( e.g., when a number of nucleons in the given nucleus becomes an even number, instead of the initial odd number, due to the addition of at least one neutron). Our results show that "pairing", as expected, definitely increases the stability of the given nucleus.

Copy number variation of human AMY1 is a minor contributor to variation in salivary amylase expression and activity.

PubMed

Carpenter, Danielle; Mitchell, Laura M; Armour, John A L

2017-02-20

Salivary amylase in humans is encoded by the copy variable gene AMY1 in the amylase gene cluster on chromosome 1. Although the role of salivary amylase is well established, the consequences of the copy number variation (CNV) at AMY1 on salivary amylase protein production are less well understood. The amylase gene cluster is highly structured with a fundamental difference between odd and even AMY1 copy number haplotypes. In this study, we aimed to explore, in samples from 119 unrelated individuals, not only the effects of AMY1 CNV on salivary amylase protein expression and amylase enzyme activity but also whether there is any evidence for underlying difference between the common haplotypes containing odd numbers of AMY1 and even copy number haplotypes. AMY1 copy number was significantly correlated with the variation observed in salivary amylase production (11.7% of variance, P < 0.0005) and enzyme activity (13.6% of variance, P < 0.0005) but did not explain the majority of observed variation between individuals. AMY1-odd and AMY1-even haplotypes showed a different relationship between copy number and expression levels, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.052). Production of salivary amylase is correlated with AMY1 CNV, but the majority of interindividual variation comes from other sources. Long-range haplotype structure may affect expression, but this was not significant in our data.

Electrostatic Interactions Govern "Odd/Even" Effects in Water-Induced Gemini Surfactant Self-Assembly.

PubMed

Mantha, Sriteja; McDaniel, Jesse G; Perroni, Dominic V; Mahanthappa, Mahesh K; Yethiraj, Arun

2017-01-26

Gemini surfactants comprise two single-tailed surfactants connected by a linker at or near the hydrophilic headgroup. They display a variety of water-concentration-dependent lyotropic liquid crystal morphologies that are sensitive to surfactant molecular structure and the nature of the headgroups and counterions. Recently, an interesting dependence of the aqueous-phase behavior on the length of the linker has been discovered; odd-numbered linker length surfactants exhibit characteristically different phase diagrams than even-numbered linker surfactants. In this work, we investigate this "odd/even effect" using computer simulations, focusing on experimentally studied gemini dicarboxylates with Na + counterions, seven nonterminal carbon atoms in the tails, and either three, four, five, or six carbon atoms in the linker (denoted Na-73, Na-74, Na-75, and Na-76, respectively). We find that the relative electrostatic repulsion between headgroups in the different morphologies is correlated with the qualitative features of the experimental phase diagrams, predicting destabilization of hexagonal phases as the cylinders pack close together at low water content. Significant differences in the relative headgroup orientations of Na-74 and Na-76 compared to those of Na-73 and Na-75 surfactants lead to differences in linker-linker packing and long-range headgroup-headgroup electrostatic repulsion, which affects the delicate electrostatic balance between the hexagonal and gyroid phases. Much of the fundamental insight presented in this work is enabled by the ability to computationally construct and analyze metastable phases that are not observable in experiments.

5 CFR Appendix A to Subpart B of... - Nationwide Schedule of Appropriated Fund Regular Wage Surveys

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... which the survey will begin; and (3) Whether full-scale surveys will be done in odd or even numbered.... Louisville DoD February Odd. Louisiana Lake Charles-Alexandria DoD April Even. New Orleans DoD November Odd...

Phenomenology of the standard model under conditions of spontaneously broken mirror symmetry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dyatlov, I. T.

2017-03-01

Spontaneously broken mirror symmetry is able to reproduce observed qualitative properties of weak mixing for quark and leptons. Under conditions of broken mirror symmetry, the phenomenology of leptons—that is, small neutrino masses and a mixing character other than that in the case of quarks—requires the Dirac character of the neutrinos and the existence of processes violating the total lepton number. Such processes involve heavy mirror neutrinos; that is, they proceed at very high energies. Here, CP violation implies that a P-even mirror-symmetric Lagrangian must simultaneously be T-odd and, according to the CPT theorem, C-odd. All these properties create preconditions for the occurrence of leptogenesis, which is a mechanism of the emergence of the baryon-lepton asymmetry of the universe in models featuring broken mirror symmetry.

Consistent interannual changes in glacier mass balance and their relationship with climate variation on the periphery of the Tibetan Plateau

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Qiuyu; Yi, Shuang; Sun, Wenke

2018-07-01

Different observations regarding glacier mass balance on the Tibetan Plateau remain at odds with one another. Combining satellite gravity data with laser altimetry, we estimated consistent interannual changes in glacier mass in the Nyenchen Tanglha (NT), Himalaya (HM) and Pamir-Karakoram (PK) ranges. Reconciled mass budgets and their one standard deviation errors are presented for each subregion. The total for NT, HM and PK is -23 ± 5 Gt yr-1 based on satellite gravity and -20 ± 6 Gt yr-1 based on laser altimetry over the period 2003-2008. Over a longer temporal span (2003-2015), the rates of glacier mass loss decreased towards the northwest, with values of -0.89 ± 0.15, -0.78 ± 0.11 and -0.11 ± 0.05 mwe yr-1 (metre water-equivalent change) for the NT, HM and PK, respectively. However, at shorter time intervals there have also been periods of accumulation. For example, the PK glaciers gained mass over 2003-2005 and 2009-2011, mainly owing to high precipitation. Glaciers in the HM and NT had more severe mass losses than those in the PK, especially in 2009 and 2012. Owing, perhaps, to their unique glacier accumulation regimes, only if low temperature and high precipitation occur in the same year do glaciers in the HM and NT gain mass or even stop losing mass. These interannual fluctuations and accelerating losses in the PK and HM glaciers suggest that mass changes are not well described by rate alone.

Search for CP violation in the phase space of D0 → π+π-π+π- decays

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aaij, R.; Adeva, B.; Adinolfi, M.; Ajaltouni, Z.; Akar, S.; Albrecht, J.; Alessio, F.; Alexander, M.; Ali, S.; Alkhazov, G.; Alvarez Cartelle, P.; Alves, A. A.; Amato, S.; Amerio, S.; Amhis, Y.; An, L.; Anderlini, L.; Andreassi, G.; Andreotti, M.; Andrews, J. E.; Appleby, R. B.; Archilli, F.; d'Argent, P.; Arnau Romeu, J.; Artamonov, A.; Artuso, M.; Aslanides, E.; Auriemma, G.; Baalouch, M.; Babuschkin, I.; Bachmann, S.; Back, J. J.; Badalov, A.; Baesso, C.; Baker, S.; Baldini, W.; Barlow, R. J.; Barschel, C.; Barsuk, S.; Barter, W.; Baszczyk, M.; Batozskaya, V.; Batsukh, B.; Battista, V.; Bay, A.; Beaucourt, L.; Beddow, J.; Bedeschi, F.; Bediaga, I.; Bel, L. J.; Bellee, V.; Belloli, N.; Belous, K.; Belyaev, I.; Ben-Haim, E.; Bencivenni, G.; Benson, S.; Benton, J.; Berezhnoy, A.; Bernet, R.; Bertolin, A.; Betancourt, C.; Betti, F.; Bettler, M.-O.; van Beuzekom, M.; Bezshyiko, Ia.; Bifani, S.; Billoir, P.; Bird, T.; Birnkraut, A.; Bitadze, A.; Bizzeti, A.; Blake, T.; Blanc, F.; Blouw, J.; Blusk, S.; Bocci, V.; Boettcher, T.; Bondar, A.; Bondar, N.; Bonivento, W.; Bordyuzhin, I.; Borgheresi, A.; Borghi, S.; Borisyak, M.; Borsato, M.; Bossu, F.; Boubdir, M.; Bowcock, T. J. V.; Bowen, E.; Bozzi, C.; Braun, S.; Britsch, M.; Britton, T.; Brodzicka, J.; Buchanan, E.; Burr, C.; Bursche, A.; Buytaert, J.; Cadeddu, S.; Calabrese, R.; Calvi, M.; Calvo Gomez, M.; Camboni, A.; Campana, P.; Campora Perez, D. H.; Capriotti, L.; Carbone, A.; Carboni, G.; Cardinale, R.; Cardini, A.; Carniti, P.; Carson, L.; Carvalho Akiba, K.; Casse, G.; Cassina, L.; Castillo Garcia, L.; Cattaneo, M.; Cauet, Ch.; Cavallero, G.; Cenci, R.; Chamont, D.; Charles, M.; Charpentier, Ph.; Chatzikonstantinidis, G.; Chefdeville, M.; Chen, S.; Cheung, S.-F.; Chobanova, V.; Chrzaszcz, M.; Cid Vidal, X.; Ciezarek, G.; Clarke, P. E. L.; Clemencic, M.; Cliff, H. V.; Closier, J.; Coco, V.; Cogan, J.; Cogneras, E.; Cogoni, V.; Cojocariu, L.; Collazuol, G.; Collins, P.; Comerma-Montells, A.; Contu, A.; Cook, A.; Coombs, G.; Coquereau, S.; Corti, G.; Corvo, M.; Costa Sobral, C. M.; Couturier, B.; Cowan, G. A.; Craik, D. C.; Crocombe, A.; Cruz Torres, M.; Cunliffe, S.; Currie, R.; D'Ambrosio, C.; Da Cunha Marinho, F.; Dall'Occo, E.; Dalseno, J.; David, P. N. Y.; Davis, A.; De Aguiar Francisco, O.; De Bruyn, K.; De Capua, S.; De Cian, M.; De Miranda, J. M.; De Paula, L.; De Serio, M.; De Simone, P.; Dean, C.-T.; Decamp, D.; Deckenhoff, M.; Del Buono, L.; Demmer, M.; Dendek, A.; Derkach, D.; Deschamps, O.; Dettori, F.; Dey, B.; Di Canto, A.; Dijkstra, H.; Dordei, F.; Dorigo, M.; Dosil Suárez, A.; Dovbnya, A.; Dreimanis, K.; Dufour, L.; Dujany, G.; Dungs, K.; Durante, P.; Dzhelyadin, R.; Dziurda, A.; Dzyuba, A.; Déléage, N.; Easo, S.; Ebert, M.; Egede, U.; Egorychev, V.; Eidelman, S.; Eisenhardt, S.; Eitschberger, U.; Ekelhof, R.; Eklund, L.; Ely, S.; Esen, S.; Evans, H. M.; Evans, T.; Falabella, A.; Farley, N.; Farry, S.; Fay, R.; Fazzini, D.; Ferguson, D.; Fernandez Prieto, A.; Ferrari, F.; Ferreira Rodrigues, F.; Ferro-Luzzi, M.; Filippov, S.; Fini, R. A.; Fiore, M.; Fiorini, M.; Firlej, M.; Fitzpatrick, C.; Fiutowski, T.; Fleuret, F.; Fohl, K.; Fontana, M.; Fontanelli, F.; Forshaw, D. C.; Forty, R.; Franco Lima, V.; Frank, M.; Frei, C.; Fu, J.; Furfaro, E.; Färber, C.; Gallas Torreira, A.; Galli, D.; Gallorini, S.; Gambetta, S.; Gandelman, M.; Gandini, P.; Gao, Y.; Garcia Martin, L. M.; García Pardiñas, J.; Garra Tico, J.; Garrido, L.; Garsed, P. J.; Gascon, D.; Gaspar, C.; Gavardi, L.; Gazzoni, G.; Gerick, D.; Gersabeck, E.; Gersabeck, M.; Gershon, T.; Ghez, Ph.; Gianì, S.; Gibson, V.; Girard, O. G.; Giubega, L.; Gizdov, K.; Gligorov, V. V.; Golubkov, D.; Golutvin, A.; Gomes, A.; Gorelov, I. V.; Gotti, C.; Grabalosa Gándara, M.; Graciani Diaz, R.; Granado Cardoso, L. A.; Graugés, E.; Graverini, E.; Graziani, G.; Grecu, A.; Griffith, P.; Grillo, L.; Gruberg Cazon, B. R.; Grünberg, O.; Gushchin, E.; Guz, Yu.; Gys, T.; Göbel, C.; Hadavizadeh, T.; Hadjivasiliou, C.; Haefeli, G.; Haen, C.; Haines, S. C.; Hall, S.; Hamilton, B.; Han, X.; Hansmann-Menzemer, S.; Harnew, N.; Harnew, S. T.; Harrison, J.; Hatch, M.; He, J.; Head, T.; Heister, A.; Hennessy, K.; Henrard, P.; Henry, L.; Hernando Morata, J. A.; van Herwijnen, E.; Heß, M.; Hicheur, A.; Hill, D.; Hombach, C.; Hopchev, H.; Hulsbergen, W.; Humair, T.; Hushchyn, M.; Hussain, N.; Hutchcroft, D.; Idzik, M.; Ilten, P.; Jacobsson, R.; Jaeger, A.; Jalocha, J.; Jans, E.; Jawahery, A.; Jiang, F.; John, M.; Johnson, D.; Jones, C. R.; Joram, C.; Jost, B.; Jurik, N.; Kandybei, S.; Kanso, W.; Karacson, M.; Kariuki, J. M.; Karodia, S.; Kecke, M.; Kelsey, M.; Kenyon, I. R.; Kenzie, M.; Ketel, T.; Khairullin, E.; Khanji, B.; Khurewathanakul, C.; Kirn, T.; Klaver, S.; Klimaszewski, K.; Koliiev, S.; Kolpin, M.; Komarov, I.; Koopman, R. F.; Koppenburg, P.; Kosmyntseva, A.; Kozachuk, A.; Kozeiha, M.; Kravchuk, L.; Kreplin, K.; Kreps, M.; Krokovny, P.; Kruse, F.; Krzemien, W.; Kucewicz, W.; Kucharczyk, M.; Kudryavtsev, V.; Kuonen, A. K.; Kurek, K.; Kvaratskheliya, T.; Lacarrere, D.; Lafferty, G.; Lai, A.; Lanfranchi, G.; Langenbruch, C.; Latham, T.; Lazzeroni, C.; Le Gac, R.; van Leerdam, J.; Lees, J.-P.; Leflat, A.; Lefrançois, J.; Lefèvre, R.; Lemaitre, F.; Lemos Cid, E.; Leroy, O.; Lesiak, T.; Leverington, B.; Li, Y.; Likhomanenko, T.; Lindner, R.; Linn, C.; Lionetto, F.; Liu, B.; Liu, X.; Loh, D.; Longstaff, I.; Lopes, J. H.; Lucchesi, D.; Lucio Martinez, M.; Luo, H.; Lupato, A.; Luppi, E.; Lupton, O.; Lusiani, A.; Lyu, X.; Machefert, F.; Maciuc, F.; Maev, O.; Maguire, K.; Malde, S.; Malinin, A.; Maltsev, T.; Manca, G.; Mancinelli, G.; Manning, P.; Maratas, J.; Marchand, J. F.; Marconi, U.; Marin Benito, C.; Marino, P.; Marks, J.; Martellotti, G.; Martin, M.; Martinelli, M.; Martinez Santos, D.; Martinez Vidal, F.; Martins Tostes, D.; Massacrier, L. M.; Massafferri, A.; Matev, R.; Mathad, A.; Mathe, Z.; Matteuzzi, C.; Mauri, A.; Maurin, B.; Mazurov, A.; McCann, M.; McCarthy, J.; McNab, A.; McNulty, R.; Meadows, B.; Meier, F.; Meissner, M.; Melnychuk, D.; Merk, M.; Merli, A.; Michielin, E.; Milanes, D. A.; Minard, M.-N.; Mitzel, D. S.; Mogini, A.; Molina Rodriguez, J.; Monroy, I. A.; Monteil, S.; Morandin, M.; Morawski, P.; Mordà, A.; Morello, M. J.; Moron, J.; Morris, A. B.; Mountain, R.; Muheim, F.; Mulder, M.; Mussini, M.; Müller, D.; Müller, J.; Müller, K.; Müller, V.; Naik, P.; Nakada, T.; Nandakumar, R.; Nandi, A.; Nasteva, I.; Needham, M.; Neri, N.; Neubert, S.; Neufeld, N.; Neuner, M.; Nguyen, A. D.; Nguyen, T. D.; Nguyen-Mau, C.; Nieswand, S.; Niet, R.; Nikitin, N.; Nikodem, T.; Novoselov, A.; O'Hanlon, D. P.; Oblakowska-Mucha, A.; Obraztsov, V.; Ogilvy, S.; Oldeman, R.; Onderwater, C. J. G.; Otalora Goicochea, J. M.; Otto, A.; Owen, P.; Oyanguren, A.; Pais, P. R.; Palano, A.; Palombo, F.; Palutan, M.; Panman, J.; Papanestis, A.; Pappagallo, M.; Pappalardo, L. L.; Parker, W.; Parkes, C.; Passaleva, G.; Pastore, A.; Patel, G. D.; Patel, M.; Patrignani, C.; Pearce, A.; Pellegrino, A.; Penso, G.; Pepe Altarelli, M.; Perazzini, S.; Perret, P.; Pescatore, L.; Petridis, K.; Petrolini, A.; Petrov, A.; Petruzzo, M.; Picatoste Olloqui, E.; Pietrzyk, B.; Pikies, M.; Pinci, D.; Pistone, A.; Piucci, A.; Playfer, S.; Plo Casasus, M.; Poikela, T.; Polci, F.; Poluektov, A.; Polyakov, I.; Polycarpo, E.; Pomery, G. J.; Popov, A.; Popov, D.; Popovici, B.; Poslavskii, S.; Potterat, C.; Price, E.; Price, J. D.; Prisciandaro, J.; Pritchard, A.; Prouve, C.; Pugatch, V.; Puig Navarro, A.; Punzi, G.; Qian, W.; Quagliani, R.; Rachwal, B.; Rademacker, J. H.; Rama, M.; Ramos Pernas, M.; Rangel, M. S.; Raniuk, I.; Ratnikov, F.; Raven, G.; Redi, F.; Reichert, S.; dos Reis, A. C.; Remon Alepuz, C.; Renaudin, V.; Ricciardi, S.; Richards, S.; Rihl, M.; Rinnert, K.; Rives Molina, V.; Robbe, P.; Rodrigues, A. B.; Rodrigues, E.; Rodriguez Lopez, J. A.; Rodriguez Perez, P.; Rogozhnikov, A.; Roiser, S.; Rollings, A.; Romanovskiy, V.; Romero Vidal, A.; Ronayne, J. W.; Rotondo, M.; Rudolph, M. S.; Ruf, T.; Ruiz Valls, P.; Saborido Silva, J. J.; Sadykhov, E.; Sagidova, N.; Saitta, B.; Salustino Guimaraes, V.; Sanchez Mayordomo, C.; Sanmartin Sedes, B.; Santacesaria, R.; Santamarina Rios, C.; Santimaria, M.; Santovetti, E.; Sarti, A.; Satriano, C.; Satta, A.; Saunders, D. M.; Savrina, D.; Schael, S.; Schellenberg, M.; Schiller, M.; Schindler, H.; Schlupp, M.; Schmelling, M.; Schmelzer, T.; Schmidt, B.; Schneider, O.; Schopper, A.; Schubert, K.; Schubiger, M.; Schune, M.-H.; Schwemmer, R.; Sciascia, B.; Sciubba, A.; Semennikov, A.; Sergi, A.; Serra, N.; Serrano, J.; Sestini, L.; Seyfert, P.; Shapkin, M.; Shapoval, I.; Shcheglov, Y.; Shears, T.; Shekhtman, L.; Shevchenko, V.; Siddi, B. G.; Silva Coutinho, R.; Silva de Oliveira, L.; Simi, G.; Simone, S.; Sirendi, M.; Skidmore, N.; Skwarnicki, T.; Smith, E.; Smith, I. T.; Smith, J.; Smith, M.; Snoek, H.; Sokoloff, M. D.; Soler, F. J. P.; Souza De Paula, B.; Spaan, B.; Spradlin, P.; Sridharan, S.; Stagni, F.; Stahl, M.; Stahl, S.; Stefko, P.; Stefkova, S.; Steinkamp, O.; Stemmle, S.; Stenyakin, O.; Stevenson, S.; Stoica, S.; Stone, S.; Storaci, B.; Stracka, S.; Straticiuc, M.; Straumann, U.; Sun, L.; Sutcliffe, W.; Swientek, K.; Syropoulos, V.; Szczekowski, M.; Szumlak, T.; T'Jampens, S.; Tayduganov, A.; Tekampe, T.; Teklishyn, M.; Tellarini, G.; Teubert, F.; Thomas, E.; van Tilburg, J.; Tilley, M. J.; Tisserand, V.; Tobin, M.; Tolk, S.; Tomassetti, L.; Tonelli, D.; Topp-Joergensen, S.; Toriello, F.; Tournefier, E.; Tourneur, S.; Trabelsi, K.; Traill, M.; Tran, M. T.; Tresch, M.; Trisovic, A.; Tsaregorodtsev, A.; Tsopelas, P.; Tully, A.; Tuning, N.; Ukleja, A.; Ustyuzhanin, A.; Uwer, U.; Vacca, C.; Vagnoni, V.; Valassi, A.; Valat, S.; Valenti, G.; Vallier, A.; Vazquez Gomez, R.; Vazquez Regueiro, P.; Vecchi, S.; van Veghel, M.; Velthuis, J. J.; Veltri, M.; Veneziano, G.; Venkateswaran, A.; Vernet, M.; Vesterinen, M.; Viaud, B.; Vieira, D.; Vieites Diaz, M.; Viemann, H.; Vilasis-Cardona, X.; Vitti, M.; Volkov, V.; Vollhardt, A.; Voneki, B.; Vorobyev, A.; Vorobyev, V.; Voß, C.; de Vries, J. A.; Vázquez Sierra, C.; Waldi, R.; Wallace, C.; Wallace, R.; Walsh, J.; Wang, J.; Ward, D. R.; Wark, H. M.; Watson, N. K.; Websdale, D.; Weiden, A.; Whitehead, M.; Wicht, J.; Wilkinson, G.; Wilkinson, M.; Williams, M.; Williams, M. P.; Williams, M.; Williams, T.; Wilson, F. F.; Wimberley, J.; Wishahi, J.; Wislicki, W.; Witek, M.; Wormser, G.; Wotton, S. A.; Wraight, K.; Wyllie, K.; Xie, Y.; Xing, Z.; Xu, Z.; Yang, Z.; Yao, Y.; Yin, H.; Yu, J.; Yuan, X.; Yushchenko, O.; Zarebski, K. A.; Zavertyaev, M.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Zhelezov, A.; Zheng, Y.; Zhokhov, A.; Zhu, X.; Zhukov, V.; Zucchelli, S.; LHCb Collaboration

2017-06-01

A search for time-integrated CP violation in the Cabibbo-suppressed decay D0 →π+π-π+π- is performed using an unbinned, model-independent technique known as the energy test. This is the first application of the energy test in four-body decays. The search is performed for P-even CP asymmetries and, for the first time, is extended to probe the P-odd case. Using proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb-1 collected by the LHCb detector at centre-of-mass energies of √{ s} = 7 TeV and 8 TeV, the world's best sensitivity to CP violation in this decay is obtained. The data are found to be consistent with the hypothesis of CP symmetry with a p-value of (4.6 ± 0.5)% in the P-even case, and marginally consistent with a p-value of (0.6 ± 0.2)% in the P-odd case, corresponding to a significance for CP non-conservation of 2.7 standard deviations.

Characteristics of hydrocarbons in sediment core samples from the northern Okinawa Trough.

PubMed

Huang, Xin; Chen, Shuai; Zeng, Zhigang; Pu, Xiaoqiang; Hou, Qinghua

2017-02-15

Sediment core samples from the northern Okinawa Trough (OT) were analyzed to determine abundances and distributions of hydrocarbons by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The results show that the n-alkanes in this sediment core conform to a bimodal distribution, and exhibit an odd-to-even predominance of high molecular weights compared to an even-to-odd predominance in low molecular weight n-alkanes with maxima at C 16 and C 18 . The concentrations of bitumen, alkanes and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were higher in samples S10-07 than all others. Three maturity parameters as well as the ratios between parent phenanthrenes (Ps) and methylphenanthrenes (MPs) in samples S10-07 and S10-17 were higher. The distribution and composition of hydrocarbons in sample S10-07 suggest that one, or several, undetected hydrothermal fields may be present in the region of this sediment core. Results also suggest that volcanism may be the main reason for the observed distribution and composition of hydrocarbons in S10-17 sample. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

pi-Selective stationary phases: (II) Adsorption behavior of substituted aromatic compounds on n-alkyl-phenyl stationary phases

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gritti, Fabrice; Guiochon, Georges A; Mayfield, Kirsty

2010-01-01

The frontal analysis method was used to measure the adsorption isotherms of phenol, 4-chlorophenol, p-cresol, 4-methoxyphenol and caffeine on a series of columns packed with home-made alkyl-phenyl bonded silica particles. These ligands consist of a phenyl ring tethered to the silica support via a carbon chain of length ranging from 0 to 4 atoms. The adsorption isotherm models that fit best to the data account for solute-solute interactions that are likely caused by p-p interactions occurring between aromatic compounds and the phenyl group of the ligand. These interactions are the dominant factor responsible for the separation of low molecular weightmore » aromatic compounds on these phenyl-type stationary phases. The saturation capacities depend on whether the spacer of the ligands have an even or an odd number of carbon atoms, with the even alkyl chain lengths having a greater saturation capacity than the odd alkyl chain lengths. The trends in the adsorption equilibrium constant are also significantly different for the even and the odd chain length ligands.« less

Outputs of paired Gabor filters summed across the background frame of reference predict the direction of movement

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lawton, Teri B.

1989-01-01

A cortical neural network that computes the visibility of shifts in the direction of movement is proposed. The network computes: (1) the magnitude of the position difference between the test and background patterns, (2) localized contrast differences at different spatial scales analyzed by computing temporal gradients of the difference and sum of the outputs of paired even- and odd-symmetric bandpass filters convolved with the input pattern, and (3) using global processes that pool the output from paired even- and odd-symmetric simple and complex cells across the spatial extent of the background frame of reference the direction a test pattern moved relative to a textured background. Evidence that magnocellular pathways are used to discriminate the direction of movement is presented. Since magnocellular pathways are used to discriminate the direction of movement, this task is not affected by small pattern changes such as jitter, short presentations, blurring, and different background contrasts that result when the veiling illumination in a scene changes.

5 CFR Appendix B to Subpart B of... - Nationwide Schedule of Nonappropriated Fund Regular Wage Surveys

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... month in which the survey will begin; and (3) Whether full-scale surveys will be conducted in odd or... October Odd. Maryland Anne Arundel August Even. Charles-St. Mary's August Even. Frederick August Even...

Evaluation of the importance of the serum levels of CA-125, CA15-3, CA-19-9, carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha fetoprotein for distinguishing benign and malignant adnexal masses and contribution of different test combinations to diagnostic accuracy.

PubMed

Bozkurt, M; Yumru, A E; Aral, I

2013-01-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPPV) of the serum levels of CA-125, CA15-3, CA19-9, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the differentiation of benign and malignant ovarian tumors histopathologically diagnosed in patients and to determine the effects of the different test combinations on diagnostic accuracy. One-hundred sixty-eight patients that had their preoperative CA-125, CA15-3, CA19-9, CEA, AFP levels assessed and that were subsequently surgically treated for adnexal masses, were included in the study. For each tumor markers in these patients with histopathologically-confirmed diagnosis, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV, and diagnostic accuracy, and odds ratio were calculated. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV of CA125 with cut-off 35 U/ml, were found to be 78.9%, 86.9%, 63.8%, and 93.3%, respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio of CA-125 with cut-off of 35 U/ml, was found to be 25. With cut-off65 U/ml, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV values were 65.7%, 95.3%, 80.6%, and 90.5%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of CEA were 16%, 93%, 37%, and 83%, respectively. For AFP, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were to be 2.6%, 98%, 33.3%, and 77.5%, respectively. For CA 15-3, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were found to be 26.3% 96.1%, 66.6%, and 81.6%, respectively. Likelihood ratio tests: positive (LR+) = 6.83 and negative (LR-) = 0.76, with an odds ratio: 8.9. The risk of malignancy for adnexal masses with higher CA15-3 increased by approximately nine times. For CA19-9, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV value were found to be 18.4%, 93%, 43.7%, and 79.6%, respectively. CA19-9 was not statistically significant in the differentiation of benign and malignant of adnexal masses. Even the combinations of CA125 + CEA + CA19-9 and CA125 + CEA + CA19-9 +AFP and CA125 + CA15-3 made a small contribution (one, two, and four cases, respectively), but was not statistically significant. The levels of CA-125 and CA15-3 were found to be significant in order to distinguish benign and malign; CA 19-9, CEA, and AFP were not found to be significant. The different test combinations did not have contribution for diagnostic accuracy.

Neither Even nor Odd: Sixth Grade Students' Dilemmas Regarding the Parity of Zero

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Levenson, Esther; Tsamir, Pessia; Tirosh, Dina

2007-01-01

This study investigates two sixth grade students' dilemmas regarding the parity of zero. Both students originally claimed that zero was neither even nor odd. Interviews revealed a conflict between students' formal definitions of even numbers and their concept images of even numbers, zero, and division. These images were supported by practically…

High-harmonic spectroscopy of oriented OCS molecules: emission of even and odd harmonics.

PubMed

Kraus, P M; Rupenyan, A; Wörner, H J

2012-12-07

We study the emission of even and odd high-harmonic orders from oriented OCS molecules. We use an intense, nonresonant femtosecond laser pulse superimposed with its phase-controlled second harmonic field to impulsively align and orient a dense sample of molecules from which we subsequently generate high-order harmonics. The even harmonics appear around the full revivals of the rotational dynamics. We demonstrate perfect coherent control over their intensity through the subcycle delay of the two-color fields. The odd harmonics are insensitive to the degree of orientation, but modulate with the degree of axis alignment, in agreement with calculated photorecombination dipole moments. We further compare the shape of the even and odd harmonic spectra with our calculations and determine the degree of orientation.

Glauber-based evaluations of the odd moments of the initial eccentricity relative to the even order participant plates

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lacey, R.; Wei, R.; Ajitanand, N.

2011-09-01

Monte Carlo simulations are used to compute the centrality dependence of the odd moments of the initial eccentricity {var_epsilon}{sub n+1}, relative to the even-order (n) participant planes {Psi}{sub n} in Au + Au collisions. The results obtained for two models of the eccentricity - the Glauber and the factorized Kharzeev-Levin-Nardi (fKLN) models - indicate magnitudes which are essentially zero. They suggest that a possible correlation between the orientations of the odd and even participant planes ({Psi}{sub n+1} and {Psi}{sub n}, respectively) does not have a significant influence on the calculated eccentricities. An experimental verification test for correlations between the orientationsmore » of the odd and even participant planes is also proposed.« less

Lower Jump Power Rather Than Muscle Mass Itself is Associated with Vertebral Fracture in Community-Dwelling Elderly Korean Women.

PubMed

Lee, Eun Young; Lee, Su Jin; Kim, Kyoung Min; Seo, Da Hea; Lee, Seung Won; Choi, Han Sol; Kim, Hyeon Chang; Youm, Yoosik; Kim, Chang Oh; Rhee, Yumie

2017-06-01

Sarcopenia is considered to be a risk factor for osteoporotic fracture, which is a major health problem in elderly women. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association of sarcopenia, with regard to muscle mass and function, with prevalent vertebral fracture in community-dwelling elderly women. We recruited 1281 women aged 64 to 87 years from the Korean Urban Rural Elderly cohort study. Muscle mass and function were measured using bioimpedance analysis and jumping mechanography. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) and jump power were used as an indicator of muscle mass and function, respectively. Among the participants, we observed 282 (18.9%) vertebral fractures and 564 (44.0%) osteoporosis. Although age, body mass index, and prevalence of osteoporosis increased as both SMI and jump power decreased, prevalence of vertebral fracture increased only when jump power decreased. In univariate analysis, compared with the highest quartile of jump power, the lowest quartile had a significant odds ratio of 2.80 (95% CI 1.79-4.36) for vertebral fracture. This association between jump power and vertebral fracture remained significant, with an odds ratio of 3.04 (95% CI 1.77-5.23), even after adjusting for other risk factors including age, bone mineral density, previous fracture, and cognitive function. In contrast, there was no association between SMI and vertebral fracture. Based on our results, low jump power, but not SMI, is associated with vertebral fracture in community-dwelling elderly Korean women. This finding suggests that jump power may have a more important role than muscle mass itself for osteoporotic fracture.

Hyperstaticity and loops in frictional granular packings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tordesillas, Antoinette; Lam, Edward; Metzger, Philip T.

2009-06-01

The hyperstatic nature of granular packings of perfectly rigid disks is analyzed algebraically and through numerical simulation. The elementary loops of grains emerge as a fundamental element in addressing hyperstaticity. Loops consisting of an odd number of grains behave differently than those with an even number. For odd loops, the latent stresses are exterior and are characterized by the sum of frictional forces around each loop. For even loops, the latent stresses are interior and are characterized by the alternating sum of frictional forces around each loop. The statistics of these two types of loop sums are found to be Gibbsian with a "temperature" that is linear with the friction coefficient μ when μ<1.

Even and odd normalized zero modes in random interacting Majorana models respecting the parity P and the time-reversal-symmetry T

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Monthus, Cécile

2018-06-01

For random interacting Majorana models where the only symmetries are the parity P and the time-reversal-symmetry T, various approaches are compared to construct exact even and odd normalized zero modes Γ in finite size, i.e. Hermitian operators that commute with the Hamiltonian, that square to the identity, and that commute (even) or anticommute (odd) with the parity P. Even normalized zero-modes are well known under the name of ‘pseudo-spins’ in the field of many-body-localization or more precisely ‘local integrals of motion’ (LIOMs) in the many-body-localized-phase where the pseudo-spins happens to be spatially localized. Odd normalized zero-modes are popular under the name of ‘Majorana zero modes’ or ‘strong zero modes’. Explicit examples for small systems are described in detail. Applications to real-space renormalization procedures based on blocks containing an odd number of Majorana fermions are also discussed.

Singular eigenstates in the even(odd) length Heisenberg spin chain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ranjan Giri, Pulak; Deguchi, Tetsuo

2015-05-01

We study the implications of the regularization for the singular solutions on the even(odd) length spin-1/2 XXX chains in some specific down-spin sectors. In particular, the analytic expressions of the Bethe eigenstates for three down-spin sector have been obtained along with their numerical forms in some fixed length chains. For an even-length chain if the singular solutions \\{{{λ }α }\\} are invariant under the sign changes of their rapidities \\{{{λ }α }\\}=\\{-{{λ }α }\\}, then the Bethe ansatz equations are reduced to a system of (M-2)/2((M-3)/2) equations in an even (odd) down-spin sector. For an odd N length chain in the three down-spin sector, it has been analytically shown that there exist singular solutions in any finite length of the spin chain of the form N=3(2k+1) with k=1,2,3,\\cdots . It is also shown that there exist no singular solutions in the four down-spin sector for some odd-length spin-1/2 XXX chains.

Hypertension in master endurance athletes.

PubMed

Hernelahti, M; Kujala, U M; Kaprio, J; Karjalainen, J; Sarna, S

1998-11-01

To determine whether long-term very vigorous endurance training prevents hypertension. Cohort study of master orienteering runners and controls. Finland. In 1995, a health questionnaire was completed by 264 male orienteering runners (response rate 90.4%) who had been top-ranked in competitions among men aged 35-59 years in 1984, and by 388 similarly aged male controls (response rate 87.1%) who were healthy at the age of 20 years and free of overt ischemic heart disease in 1985. Self-report of medication for hypertension. In the endurance athlete group, the crude prevalence (8.7%) of subjects who had used medication for hypertension was less than a third of that in the control group (27.8%). Even after adjusting for age and body mass index, the difference between the groups was still significant (odds ratio for athletes 0.43, 95% confidence interval 0.25-0.76). Long-term vigorous endurance training is associated with a low prevalence of hypertension. Some of the effect can be explained by a lower body mass, but exercise seems to induce a lower rate of hypertension by other mechanisms than by decreasing body weight

Parental Separation and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Late Adolescence: A Cross-Cohort Comparison

PubMed Central

Soares, Ana Luiza Gonçalves; Gonçalves, Helen; Matijasevich, Alicia; Sequeira, Maija; Smith, George Davey; Menezes, Ana M. B.; Assunção, Maria Cecília; Wehrmeister, Fernando C.; Fraser, Abigail; Howe, Laura D.

2017-01-01

Abstract The aim of this study was to explore the association between parental separation during childhood (up to 18 years of age) and cardiometabolic risk factors (body mass index, fat mass index, blood pressure, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption) in late adolescence using a cross-cohort comparison and to explore whether associations differ according to the age at which the parental separation occurred and the presence or absence of parental conflict prior to separation. Data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, United Kingdom) (1991–2011) and the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort (Brazil) (1993–2011) were used. The associations of parental separation with children's cardiometabolic risk factors were largely null. Higher odds of daily smoking were observed in both cohorts for those adolescents whose parents separated (for ALSPAC, odds ratio = 1.46; for Pelotas Birth Cohort, odds ratio = 1.98). Some additional associations were observed in the Pelotas Birth Cohort but were generally in the opposite direction to our a priori hypothesis: Parental separation was associated with lower blood pressure and fat mass index, and with more physical activity. No consistent differences were observed when analyses were stratified by child's age at parental separation or parental conflict. PMID:28444145

Attosecond control of orbital parity mix interferences and the relative phase of even and odd harmonics in an attosecond pulse train.

PubMed

Laurent, G; Cao, W; Li, H; Wang, Z; Ben-Itzhak, I; Cocke, C L

2012-08-24

We experimentally demonstrate that atomic orbital parity mix interferences can be temporally controlled on an attosecond time scale. Electron wave packets are formed by ionizing argon gas with a comb of odd and even high-order harmonics, in the presence of a weak infrared field. Consequently, a mix of energy-degenerate even and odd parity states is fed in the continuum by one- and two-photon transitions. These interfere, leading to an asymmetric electron emission along the polarization vector. The direction of the emission can be controlled by varying the time delay between the comb and infrared field pulses. We show that such asymmetric emission provides information on the relative phase of consecutive odd and even order harmonics in the attosecond pulse train.

Phenomenology of the standard model under conditions of spontaneously broken mirror symmetry

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dyatlov, I. T., E-mail: dyatlov@thd.pnpi.spb.ru

2017-03-15

Spontaneously broken mirror symmetry is able to reproduce observed qualitative properties of weak mixing for quark and leptons. Under conditions of broken mirror symmetry, the phenomenology of leptons—that is, small neutrino masses and a mixing character other than that in the case of quarks—requires the Dirac character of the neutrinos and the existence of processes violating the total lepton number. Such processes involve heavy mirror neutrinos; that is, they proceed at very high energies. Here, CP violation implies that a P-even mirror-symmetric Lagrangian must simultaneously be T-odd and, according to the CPT theorem, C-odd. All these properties create preconditions formore » the occurrence of leptogenesis, which is a mechanism of the emergence of the baryon–lepton asymmetry of the universe in models featuring broken mirror symmetry.« less

The Odd Fish Story

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Essley, Roger

2005-01-01

Essley was a "different learner," and now he works in schools showing teachers how visual/verbal tools can help all students, including their "different learners," succeed. One valuable tool is storyboarding, a process by which students build a story through visual stages--drafts, conferences, revisions--before writing even begins. Essley shares…

Experimental and simulation studies on the behavior of signal harmonics in magnetic particle imaging.

PubMed

Murase, Kenya; Konishi, Takashi; Takeuchi, Yuki; Takata, Hiroshige; Saito, Shigeyoshi

2013-07-01

Our purpose in this study was to investigate the behavior of signal harmonics in magnetic particle imaging (MPI) by experimental and simulation studies. In the experimental studies, we made an apparatus for MPI in which both a drive magnetic field (DMF) and a selection magnetic field (SMF) were generated with a Maxwell coil pair. The MPI signals from magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were detected with a solenoid coil. The odd- and even-numbered harmonics were calculated by Fourier transformation with or without background subtraction. The particle size of the MNPs was measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light-scattering, and X-ray diffraction methods. In the simulation studies, the magnetization and particle size distribution of MNPs were assumed to obey the Langevin theory of paramagnetism and a log-normal distribution, respectively. The odd- and even-numbered harmonics were calculated by Fourier transformation under various conditions of DMF and SMF and for three different particle sizes. The behavior of the harmonics largely depended on the size of the MNPs. When we used the particle size obtained from the TEM image, the simulation results were most similar to the experimental results. The similarity between the experimental and simulation results for the even-numbered harmonics was better than that for the odd-numbered harmonics. This was considered to be due to the fact that the odd-numbered harmonics were more sensitive to background subtraction than were the even-numbered harmonics. This study will be useful for a better understanding, optimization, and development of MPI and for designing MNPs appropriate for MPI.

Odd-frequency pairing in superconducting heterostructures .

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Golubov, A. A.; Tanaka, Y.; Yokoyama, T.; Asano, Y.

2007-03-01

We present a general theory of the proximity effect in junctions between unconventional superconductors and diffusive normal metals (DN) or ferromagnets (DF). We consider all possible symmetry classes in a superconductor allowed by the Pauli principle: even-frequency spin-singlet even-parity state, even-frequency spin-triplet odd-parity state, odd-frequency spin-triplet even-parity state and odd-frequency spin-singlet odd-parity state. For each of the above states, symmetry and spectral properties of the induced pair amplitude in the DN (DF) are determined. The cases of junctions with spin-singlet s- and d-wave superconductors and spin-triplet p-wave superconductors are adressed in detail. We discuss the interplay between the proximity effect and midgap Andreev bound states arising at interfaces in unconventional (d- or p-wave) junctions. The most striking property is the odd-frequency symmetry of the pairing amplitude induced in DN (DF) in contacts with p-wave superconductors. This leads to zero-energy singularity in the density of states and to anomalous screening of an external magnetic field. Peculiarities of Josephson effect in d- or p-wave junctions are discussed. Experiments are suggested to detect an order parameter symmetry using heterostructures with unconventional superconductors.

Gradient nonlinearity calibration and correction for a compact, asymmetric magnetic resonance imaging gradient system.

PubMed

Tao, S; Trzasko, J D; Gunter, J L; Weavers, P T; Shu, Y; Huston, J; Lee, S K; Tan, E T; Bernstein, M A

2017-01-21

Due to engineering limitations, the spatial encoding gradient fields in conventional magnetic resonance imaging cannot be perfectly linear and always contain higher-order, nonlinear components. If ignored during image reconstruction, gradient nonlinearity (GNL) manifests as image geometric distortion. Given an estimate of the GNL field, this distortion can be corrected to a degree proportional to the accuracy of the field estimate. The GNL of a gradient system is typically characterized using a spherical harmonic polynomial model with model coefficients obtained from electromagnetic simulation. Conventional whole-body gradient systems are symmetric in design; typically, only odd-order terms up to the 5th-order are required for GNL modeling. Recently, a high-performance, asymmetric gradient system was developed, which exhibits more complex GNL that requires higher-order terms including both odd- and even-orders for accurate modeling. This work characterizes the GNL of this system using an iterative calibration method and a fiducial phantom used in ADNI (Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative). The phantom was scanned at different locations inside the 26 cm diameter-spherical-volume of this gradient, and the positions of fiducials in the phantom were estimated. An iterative calibration procedure was utilized to identify the model coefficients that minimize the mean-squared-error between the true fiducial positions and the positions estimated from images corrected using these coefficients. To examine the effect of higher-order and even-order terms, this calibration was performed using spherical harmonic polynomial of different orders up to the 10th-order including even- and odd-order terms, or odd-order only. The results showed that the model coefficients of this gradient can be successfully estimated. The residual root-mean-squared-error after correction using up to the 10th-order coefficients was reduced to 0.36 mm, yielding spatial accuracy comparable to conventional whole-body gradients. The even-order terms were necessary for accurate GNL modeling. In addition, the calibrated coefficients improved image geometric accuracy compared with the simulation-based coefficients.

Isospin symmetry breaking and large-scale shell-model calculations with the Sakurai-Sugiura method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mizusaki, Takahiro; Kaneko, Kazunari; Sun, Yang; Tazaki, Shigeru

2015-05-01

Recently isospin symmetry breaking for mass 60-70 region has been investigated based on large-scale shell-model calculations in terms of mirror energy differences (MED), Coulomb energy differences (CED) and triplet energy differences (TED). Behind these investigations, we have encountered a subtle problem in numerical calculations for odd-odd N = Z nuclei with large-scale shell-model calculations. Here we focus on how to solve this subtle problem by the Sakurai-Sugiura (SS) method, which has been recently proposed as a new diagonalization method and has been successfully applied to nuclear shell-model calculations.

Going public: do risk and choice explain differences in caesarean birth rates between public and private places of birth in Australia?

PubMed

Miller, Yvette D; Prosser, Samantha J; Thompson, Rachel

2012-10-01

women who birth in private facilities in Australia are more likely to have a caesarean birth than women who birth in public facilities and these differences remain after accounting for sector differences in the demographic and health risk profiles of women. However, the extent to which women's preferences and/or freedom to choose their mode of birth further account for differences in the likelihood of caesarean birth between the sectors remains untested. women who birthed in Queensland, Australia during a two-week period in 2009 were mailed a self-report survey approximately 3 months after birth. Seven hundred and fifty-seven women provided cross-sectional retrospective data on where they birthed (public or private facility), mode of birth (vaginal or caesarean) and risk factors, along with their preferences and freedom to choose their mode of birth. A hierarchical logistic regression was conducted to determine the extent to which maternal risk and freedom to choose one's mode of birth explain sector differences in the likelihood of having a caesarean birth. while there was no sector difference in women's preference for mode of birth, women who birthed in private facilities had higher odds of feeling able to choose either a vaginal or caesarean birth, and feeling able to choose only a caesarean birth. Women had higher odds of having caesarean birth if they birthed in private facilities, even after accounting for significant risk factors such as age, body mass index, previous caesarean and use of assisted reproductive technology. However, there was no association between place of birth and odds of having a caesarean birth after also accounting for freedom to choose one's mode of birth. these findings call into question suggestions that the higher caesarean birth rate in the private sector in Australia is attributable to increased levels of obstetric risk among women birthing in the private sector or maternal preferences alone. Instead, the determinants of sector differences in the likelihood of caesarean births are complex and are linked to differences in the perceived choices for mode of birth between women birthing in the private and public systems. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Nonclassical light in interferometric measurements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ansari, N. A.; Difiore, L.; Romano, R.; Solimeno, S.; Zaccaria, F.; Manko, Margarita A.; Manko, Vladimir I.

1995-01-01

It is shown that the even and odd coherent light and other nonclassical states of light like superposition of coherent states with different phases may replace the squeezed light in an interferometric gravitational wave detector to increase its sensitivity.

Diff-invariant kinetic terms in arbitrary dimensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barbero G., J. Fernando; Villaseñor, Eduardo J.

2002-06-01

We study the physical content of quadratic diff-invariant Lagrangians in arbitrary dimensions by using covariant symplectic techniques. This paper extends previous results in dimension four. We discuss the difference between the even and odd dimensional cases.

5 CFR Appendix A to Subpart B of... - Nationwide Schedule of Appropriated Fund Regular Wage Surveys

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... October Odd. El Paso DoD April Even. Houston-Galveston-Texas City DoD March Even. San Antonio DoD June Odd... each wage area includes— (1) The lead agency responsible for conducting the survey; (2) The month in... fiscal years. State Wage area Lead agency Beginning month of survey Fiscal year of full-scale survey odd...

5 CFR Appendix A to Subpart B of... - Nationwide Schedule of Appropriated Fund Regular Wage Surveys

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... October Odd. El Paso DoD April Even. Houston-Galveston-Texas City DoD March Even. San Antonio DoD June Odd... each wage area includes— (1) The lead agency responsible for conducting the survey; (2) The month in... fiscal years. State Wage area Lead agency Beginning month of survey Fiscal year of full-scale survey odd...

5 CFR Appendix A to Subpart B of... - Nationwide Schedule of Appropriated Fund Regular Wage Surveys

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... October Odd. El Paso DoD April Even. Houston-Galveston-Texas City DoD March Even. San Antonio DoD June Odd... each wage area includes— (1) The lead agency responsible for conducting the survey; (2) The month in... fiscal years. State Wage area Lead agency Beginning month of survey Fiscal year of full-scale survey odd...

5 CFR Appendix A to Subpart B of... - Nationwide Schedule of Appropriated Fund Regular Wage Surveys

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... October Odd. El Paso DoD April Even. Houston-Galveston-Texas City DoD March Even. San Antonio DoD June Odd... each wage area includes— (1) The lead agency responsible for conducting the survey; (2) The month in... fiscal years. State Wage area Lead agency Beginning month of survey Fiscal year of full-scale survey odd...

Image-adaptive and robust digital wavelet-domain watermarking for images

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Yi; Zhang, Liping

2018-03-01

We propose a new frequency domain wavelet based watermarking technique. The key idea of our scheme is twofold: multi-tier solution representation of image and odd-even quantization embedding/extracting watermark. Because many complementary watermarks need to be hidden, the watermark image designed is image-adaptive. The meaningful and complementary watermark images was embedded into the original image (host image) by odd-even quantization modifying coefficients, which was selected from the detail wavelet coefficients of the original image, if their magnitudes are larger than their corresponding Just Noticeable Difference thresholds. The tests show good robustness against best-known attacks such as noise addition, image compression, median filtering, clipping as well as geometric transforms. Further research may improve the performance by refining JND thresholds.

Novel Soft-Pion Theorem for Long-Range Nuclear Parity Violation.

PubMed

Feng, Xu; Guo, Feng-Kun; Seng, Chien-Yeah

2018-05-04

The parity-odd effect in the standard model weak neutral current reveals itself in the long-range parity-violating nuclear potential generated by the pion exchanges in the ΔI=1 channel with the parity-odd pion-nucleon coupling constant h_{π}^{1}. Despite decades of experimental and theoretical efforts, the size of this coupling constant is still not well understood. In this Letter, we derive a soft-pion theorem relating h_{π}^{1} and the neutron-proton mass splitting induced by an artificial parity-even counterpart of the ΔI=1 weak Lagrangian and demonstrate that the theorem still holds exact at the next-to-leading order in the chiral perturbation theory. A considerable amount of simplification is expected in the study of h_{π}^{1} by using either lattice or other QCD models following its reduction from a parity-odd proton-neutron-pion matrix element to a simpler spectroscopic quantity. The theorem paves the way to much more precise calculations of h_{π}^{1}, and thus a quantitative test of the strangeness-conserving neutral current interaction of the standard model is foreseen.

Novel Soft-Pion Theorem for Long-Range Nuclear Parity Violation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Feng, Xu; Guo, Feng-Kun; Seng, Chien-Yeah

2018-05-01

The parity-odd effect in the standard model weak neutral current reveals itself in the long-range parity-violating nuclear potential generated by the pion exchanges in the Δ I =1 channel with the parity-odd pion-nucleon coupling constant hπ1 . Despite decades of experimental and theoretical efforts, the size of this coupling constant is still not well understood. In this Letter, we derive a soft-pion theorem relating hπ1 and the neutron-proton mass splitting induced by an artificial parity-even counterpart of the Δ I =1 weak Lagrangian and demonstrate that the theorem still holds exact at the next-to-leading order in the chiral perturbation theory. A considerable amount of simplification is expected in the study of hπ1 by using either lattice or other QCD models following its reduction from a parity-odd proton-neutron-pion matrix element to a simpler spectroscopic quantity. The theorem paves the way to much more precise calculations of hπ1, and thus a quantitative test of the strangeness-conserving neutral current interaction of the standard model is foreseen.

Fractionated Mercury Isotopes in Fish: The Effects of Nuclear Mass, Spin, and Volume

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Das, R.; Odom, A. L.

2007-12-01

Mercury is long known as a common environmental contaminant. In methylated form it is even more toxic and the methylation process is facilitated by microbial activities. Methyl mercury easily crosses cell membrane and accumulates in soft tissues of fishes and finally biomagnifies with increasing trophic levels. Natural variations in the isotopic composition of mercury have been reported and such variations have emphasized mass dependent fractionations, while theory and laboratory experiments indicate that mass-independent isotopic fractionation (MIF) effects are likely to be found as well. This study focuses on the MIF of mercury isotopes in the soft tissues of fishes. Samples include both fresh water and marine fish, from different continents and oceans. Approximately 1 gm of fish soft tissue was dissolved in 5 ml of conc. aqua regia for 24 hrs and filtered through a ¬¬¬100 μm filter paper and diluted with DI water. Hg is measured as a gaseous phase generated by reduction of the sample with SnCl2 in a continuous- flow cold-vapor generator connected to a Thermo-Finnigan Neptune MC-ICPMS. To minimize instrumental fractionation isotope ratios were measured by sample standard bracketing and reported as δ‰ relative to NIST SRM 3133 Hg standard where δAHg = [(A Hg/202Hg)sample/(A Hg/202Hg)NIST313] -1 ×1000‰. In this study we have measured the isotope ratios 198Hg/202Hg, 199Hg/202Hg, 200Hg/202Hg, 201Hg/202Hg and 204Hg/202Hg. In all the fish samples δ198Hg, δ200Hg, δ202Hg, δ204Hg define a mass- dependent fractionation sequence, where as the δ199Hg and δ201Hg depart from the mass- dependent fractionation line and indicate an excess of the odd-N isotopes. The magnitude of the deviation (ΔAHg where A=199 or 201) as obtained by difference between the measured δ199Hg and δ201Hg of the samples and the value obtained by linear scaling defined by the even-N isotopes ranges from approximately 0.2 ‰ to 3‰. The ratios of Δ199Hg /Δ201Hg range from 0.8 to 1.3, and thus more than one mass-independent isotope effect is inferred. MIF of mercury can be caused by the nuclear volume effect. Schauble, 2007 has calculated nuclear volume fractionation scaling factors for a number of common mercury chemical species in equilibrium with Hg° vapor. From his calculations the nuclear field shift effect is larger in Δ199Hg than in Δ201Hg by approximately a factor of two. The predominant mercury chemical species in fish is methylmercury cysteine. From the experimental studies of Buchachenko and others (2004) on the reaction of methylmercury chloride with creatine kinase it seems reasonable to predicted that the thiol functional groups of cysteine gets enriched in 199Hg and 201Hg. Here the magnetic isotope effect (MIE) produces a kinetic partial separation of isotopes with non-zero nuclear spin quantum numbers from the even-N isotopes. The ratio of enrichment of Δ201Hg /Δ199Hg is predicted from theory to be 1.11, which is the ratio of the magnetic moments of 199Hg and 201Hg. Because mercury possesses two odd-N isotopes, it is possible to detect and evaluate the effects of two distinct, mass-independent isotope fractionating processes. From the data obtained on fish samples, we can deconvolute the contributions of the isotope effects of nuclear mass, spin and volume. For these samples the role of spin or the magnetic isotope effect is the most dominant.

Influences of Vehicle Size and Mass and Selected Driver Factors on Odds of Driver Fatality

PubMed Central

Padmanaban, Jeya

2003-01-01

Research was undertaken to determine vehicle size parameters influencing driver fatality odds, independent of mass, in two-vehicle collisions. Forty vehicle parameters were evaluated for 1,500 vehicle groupings. Logistic regression analyses show driver factors (belt use, age, drinking) collectively contribute more to fatality odds than vehicle factors, and that mass is the most important vehicular parameter influencing fatality odds for all crash configurations. In car crashes, other vehicle parameters with statistical significance had a second order effect compared to mass. In light truck-to-car crashes, “vehicle type-striking vehicle is light truck” was the most important parameter after mass, followed by vehicle height and bumper height, with second order effect. To understand the importance of “vehicle type” variable, further investigation of vehicle “stiffness” and other passenger car/light truck differentiating parameters is warranted. PMID:12941244

Positive parity states and some electromagnetic transition properties of even-odd europium isotopes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yazar, Harun Resit, E-mail: yazar@nevsehir.edu.tr

2013-06-15

The positive-parity low-spin states of even-odd Europium isotopes ({sup 151-155}Eu) were studied within the framework of the interacting boson-fermion model. The calculated positive low-spin state energy spectra of the odd Eu isotope were found to agree quite well with the experimental data. The B(E2) values were also calculated and it was found that the calculated positive-parity low-spin state energy spectra of the odd-A Eu isotopes agree quite well with the experimental data.

Observation of odd toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes.

PubMed

Kramer, G J; Sharapov, S E; Nazikian, R; Gorelenkov, N N; Budny, R V

2004-01-09

Experimental evidence is presented for the existence of the theoretically predicted odd toroidicity induced Alfvén eigenmode (TAE) from the simultaneous appearance of odd and even TAEs in a normal shear discharge of the joint European torus. The modes are observed in low central magnetic shear plasmas created by injecting lower hybrid current drive. A fast ion population was created by applying ion cyclotron heating at the high-field side to excite the TAEs. The odd TAEs were identified from their frequency, mode number, and timing relative to the even TAEs.

Social capital, institutional (vertical) trust and smoking: a study of daily smoking and smoking cessation among ever smokers.

PubMed

Lindström, Martin; Janzon, Ellis

2007-01-01

The associations between vertical (institutional) trust in the healthcare system and the mass media (newspapers and television), and daily smoking and smoking cessation were investigated. The 2004 public-health survey in Scania is a cross-sectional study. A total of 27,757 persons aged 18-80 years answered a postal questionnaire, which represents 59% of the random sample. A logistic regression model was used to investigate the associations between institutional trust in the healthcare system and the mass media, and daily smoking and smoking cessation. A multivariate analysis was performed to investigate the importance of possible confounders (age, country of origin, education, economic stress, generalized trust in other people) on the differences in daily smoking and smoking cessation according to trust in the healthcare system and the mass media. 14.9% of the men and 18.1% of the women were daily smokers. Middle-aged respondents were daily smokers to a significantly higher extent than the young. Respondents with low trust in the healthcare system had significantly higher odds ratios of daily smoking, 1.88 (95% CI 1.38-2.57) among men and 2.05 (95% CI 1.51-2.78) among women, while respondents with low trust in the mass media had no significant odds ratios of daily smoking, 1.01 (0.67-1.52) among men and 1.55 (0.97-2.47) among women, after multiple adjustments. Institutional (vertical) trust in the healthcare system but not the mass media was significantly associated with lower odds of daily smoking and higher odds of having quit smoking if ever smoker. The healthcare system seems to be a potent arena for tobacco prevention.

Can even-order laser harmonics exhibited by Bohmian trajectories in symmetric potentials be observed?

PubMed

Peatross, J; Johansen, J

2014-01-13

Strong-field laser-atom interactions provide extreme conditions that may be useful for investigating the de Broglie-Bohm quantum interpretation. Bohmian trajectories representing bound electrons in individual atoms exhibit both even and odd harmonic motion when subjected to a strong external laser field. The phases of the even harmonics depend on the random initial positions of the trajectories within the wave function, making the even harmonics incoherent. In contrast, the phases of odd harmonics remain for the most part coherent regardless of initial position. Under the conjecture that a Bohmian point particle plays the role of emitter, this suggests an experiment to determine whether both even and odd harmonics are produced at the atomic level. Estimates suggest that incoherent emission of even harmonics may be detectable out the side of an intense laser focus interacting with a large number of atoms.

Large effective mass and interaction-enhanced Zeeman splitting of K -valley electrons in MoSe2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Larentis, Stefano; Movva, Hema C. P.; Fallahazad, Babak; Kim, Kyounghwan; Behroozi, Armand; Taniguchi, Takashi; Watanabe, Kenji; Banerjee, Sanjay K.; Tutuc, Emanuel

2018-05-01

We study the magnetotransport of high-mobility electrons in monolayer and bilayer MoSe2, which show Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations and quantum Hall states in high magnetic fields. An electron effective mass of 0.8 me is extracted from the SdH oscillations' temperature dependence; me is the bare electron mass. At a fixed electron density the longitudinal resistance shows minima at filling factors (FFs) that are either predominantly odd, or predominantly even, with a parity that changes as the density is tuned. The SdH oscillations are insensitive to an in-plane magnetic field, consistent with an out-of-plane spin orientation of electrons at the K point. We attribute the FF parity transitions to an interaction enhancement of the Zeeman energy as the density is reduced, resulting in an increased Zeeman-to-cyclotron energy ratio.

Triaxial quadrupole dynamics and the inner fission barrier of some heavy even-even nuclei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Benrabia, K.; Medjadi, D. E.; Imadalou, M.; Quentin, P.

2017-09-01

Background: Inner fission barriers of actinide nuclei have been known for a long time to be unstable with respect to the axial symmetry. On the other hand, taking into account the effect of the relevant adiabatic mass parameter reduces or even may wash out this instability. A proper treatment of the dynamics for both axial and triaxial modes is thus crucial to accurately determine the corresponding fission barriers. This entails in particular an accurate description of pairing correlations. Purpose: We evaluate the potential energies, moments of inertia, and vibrational mass parameters in a two-dimensional relevant deformation space (corresponding to the usual β and γ quadrupole deformation parameters) for four actinide nuclei (236U, 240Pu, 248Cm, and 252Cf). We assess the relevance of our approach to describe the dynamics for a triaxial mode by computing the low energy spectra (exploring thus mainly the equilibrium deformation region). We evaluate the inner fission barrier heights releasing the axial symmetry constraint. Method: Calculations within the Hartree-Fock plus BCS approach are performed using the SkM* Skyrme effective interaction in the particle-hole channel and a seniority force in the particle-particle channel. The intensity of this residual interaction has been fixed to allow a good reproduction of some odd-even mass differences in the actinide region. Adiabatic mass parameters for the rotational and vibrational modes are calculated using the Inglis-Belyaev formula supplemented by a global renormalization factor taking into account the so-called Thouless-Valatin corrections. Spectra are obtained through the diagonalization of the corresponding Bohr collective Hamiltonian. Results: The experimental low energy spectra are qualitatively well reproduced by our calculations for the considered nuclei. Inner fission barrier heights are calculated and compared with available estimates from various experimental data. The reproduction of the data is better for 236U and 240Pu (up to about 300 keV) than for 248Cm and 252Cf (up to about one MeV). Conclusions: While these results are encouraging, they call for, in particular, a better treatment of pairing correlations, especially as far as the particle number conservation is concerned. Besides, these results could provide a basis for the determination of the least action trajectories which would generate better grounds for the evaluation of fission half lives.

Parity partners in the baryon resonance spectrum

DOE PAGES

Lu, Ya; Chen, Chen; Roberts, Craig D.; ...

2017-07-28

Here, we describe a calculation of the spectrum of flavor-SU(3) octet and decuplet baryons, their parity partners, and the radial excitations of these systems, made using a symmetry-preserving treatment of a vector x vector contact interaction as the foundation for the relevant few-body equations. Dynamical chiral symmetry breaking generates nonpointlike diquarks within these baryons and hence, using the contact interaction, flavor-antitriplet scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, and flavor-sextet axial-vector quark-quark correlations can all play active roles. The model yields reasonable masses for all systems studied and Faddeev amplitudes for ground states and associated parity partners that sketch a realistic picture of theirmore » internal structure: ground-state, even-parity baryons are constituted, almost exclusively, from like-parity diquark correlations, but orbital angular momentum plays an important role in the rest-frame wave functions of odd-parity baryons, whose Faddeev amplitudes are dominated by odd-parity diquarks.« less

Parity partners in the baryon resonance spectrum

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lu, Ya; Chen, Chen; Roberts, Craig D.

Here, we describe a calculation of the spectrum of flavor-SU(3) octet and decuplet baryons, their parity partners, and the radial excitations of these systems, made using a symmetry-preserving treatment of a vector x vector contact interaction as the foundation for the relevant few-body equations. Dynamical chiral symmetry breaking generates nonpointlike diquarks within these baryons and hence, using the contact interaction, flavor-antitriplet scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, and flavor-sextet axial-vector quark-quark correlations can all play active roles. The model yields reasonable masses for all systems studied and Faddeev amplitudes for ground states and associated parity partners that sketch a realistic picture of theirmore » internal structure: ground-state, even-parity baryons are constituted, almost exclusively, from like-parity diquark correlations, but orbital angular momentum plays an important role in the rest-frame wave functions of odd-parity baryons, whose Faddeev amplitudes are dominated by odd-parity diquarks.« less

Higgs naturalness and dark matter stability by scale invariance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Jun; Kang, Zhaofeng

2015-09-01

Extending the spacetime symmetries of standard model (SM) by scale invariance (SI) may address the Higgs naturalness problem. In this article we attempt to embed accidental dark matter (DM) into SISM, requiring that the symmetry protecting DM stability is accidental due to the model structure rather than imposed by hand. In this framework, if the light SM-like Higgs boson is the pseudo Goldstone boson of SI spontaneously breaking, we can even pine down the model, two-Higgs-doublets plus a real singlet: The singlet is the DM candidate and the extra Higgs doublet triggers electroweak symmetry breaking via the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism; Moreover, it dominates DM dynamics. We study spontaneously breaking of SI using the Gillard-Weinberg approach and find that the second doublet should acquire vacuum expectation value near the weak scale. Moreover, its components should acquire masses around 380 GeV except for a light CP-odd Higgs boson. Based on these features, we explore viable ways to achieve the correct relic density of DM, facing stringent constraints from direct detections of DM. For instance, DM annihilates into b b bar near the SM-like Higgs boson pole, or into a pair of CP-odd Higgs boson with mass above that pole.

Parental Separation and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Late Adolescence: A Cross-Cohort Comparison.

PubMed

Soares, Ana Luiza Gonçalves; Gonçalves, Helen; Matijasevich, Alicia; Sequeira, Maija; Smith, George Davey; Menezes, Ana M B; Assunção, Maria Cecília; Wehrmeister, Fernando C; Fraser, Abigail; Howe, Laura D

2017-05-15

The aim of this study was to explore the association between parental separation during childhood (up to 18 years of age) and cardiometabolic risk factors (body mass index, fat mass index, blood pressure, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption) in late adolescence using a cross-cohort comparison and to explore whether associations differ according to the age at which the parental separation occurred and the presence or absence of parental conflict prior to separation. Data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, United Kingdom) (1991-2011) and the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort (Brazil) (1993-2011) were used. The associations of parental separation with children's cardiometabolic risk factors were largely null. Higher odds of daily smoking were observed in both cohorts for those adolescents whose parents separated (for ALSPAC, odds ratio = 1.46; for Pelotas Birth Cohort, odds ratio = 1.98). Some additional associations were observed in the Pelotas Birth Cohort but were generally in the opposite direction to our a priori hypothesis: Parental separation was associated with lower blood pressure and fat mass index, and with more physical activity. No consistent differences were observed when analyses were stratified by child's age at parental separation or parental conflict. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Collectivity of light Ge and As isotopes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Corsi, A.; Delaroche, J.-P.; Obertelli, A.; Baugher, T.; Bazin, D.; Boissinot, S.; Flavigny, F.; Gade, A.; Girod, M.; Glasmacher, T.; Grinyer, G. F.; Korten, W.; Libert, J.; Ljungvall, J.; McDaniel, S.; Ratkiewicz, A.; Signoracci, A.; Stroberg, R.; Sulignano, B.; Weisshaar, D.

2013-10-01

Background: The self-conjugate nuclei of the A˜70 mass region display rapid shape evolution over isotopic or isotonic chains. Shape coexistence has been observed in Se and Kr isotopes reflecting the existence of deformed subshell gaps corresponding to different shell configurations. As and Ge isotopes are located halfway between such deformed nuclei and the Z=28 shell closure.Purpose: The present work aims at clarifying the low-lying spectroscopy of 66Ge and 67As, and providing a better insight into the evolution of collectivity in light even-even Ge and even-odd As isotopes.Methods: We investigate the low-lying levels and collectivity of the neutron deficient 67As and 66Ge through intermediate-energy Coulomb excitation, inelastic scattering, and proton knockout measurements. The experiment was performed using a cocktail beam of 68Se, 67As, and 66Ge nuclei at an energy of 70-80 MeV/nucleon. Spectroscopic properties of the low-lying states are compared to those calculated via shell model with the JUN45 interaction and beyond-mean-field calculations with the five-dimensional collective Hamiltonian method implemented using the Gogny D1S interaction. The structure evolution of the lower-mass Ge and As isotopes is discussed.Results: Reduced electric quadrupole transition probabilities B(E2) have been extracted from the Coulomb-excitation cross sections measured in 66Ge and 67As. The value obtained for the B(E2;01+→21+) in 66Ge is in agreement with a recent measurement, ruling out the existence of a minimum at N=34 in the B(E2) systematics as previously observed. New transitions have been found in 67As and were assigned to the decay of low-lying negative-parity states.

Universal odd-even staggering in isotopic fragmentation and spallation cross sections of neutron-rich fragments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mei, B.; Tu, X. L.; Wang, M.

2018-04-01

An evident odd-even staggering (OES) in fragment cross sections has been experimentally observed in many fragmentation and spallation reactions. However, quantitative comparisons of this OES effect in different reaction systems are still scarce for neutron-rich nuclei near the neutron drip line. By employing a third-order difference formula, the magnitudes of this OES in extensive experimental cross sections are systematically investigated for many neutron-rich nuclei with (N -Z ) from 1 to 23 over a broad range of atomic numbers (Z ≈3 -50 ). A comparison of these magnitude values extracted from fragment cross sections measured in different fragmentation and spallation reactions with a large variety of projectile-target combinations over a wide energy range reveals that the OES magnitude is almost independent of the projectile-target combinations and the projectile energy. The weighted average of these OES magnitudes derived from cross sections accurately measured in different reaction systems is adopted as the evaluation value of the OES magnitude. These evaluated OES magnitudes are recommended to be used in fragmentation and spallation models to improve their predictions for fragment cross sections.

Body mass index predicts risk for complications from transtemporal cerebellopontine angle surgery.

PubMed

Mantravadi, Avinash V; Leonetti, John P; Burgette, Ryan; Pontikis, George; Marzo, Sam J; Anderson, Douglas

2013-03-01

To determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and risk for specific complications from transtemporal cerebellopontine angle (CPA) surgery for nonmalignant disease. Case series with chart review. Tertiary-care academic hospital. Retrospective review of 134 consecutive patients undergoing transtemporal cerebellopontine angle surgery for nonmalignant disease from 2009 to 2011. Data were collected regarding demographics, body mass index, intraoperative details, hospital stay, and complications including cerebrospinal fluid leak, wound complications, and brachial plexopathy. One hundred thirty-four patients were analyzed with a mean preoperative body mass index of 28.58. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant difference in body mass index between patients with a postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak and those without (P = .04), as well as a similar significant difference between those experiencing postoperative brachial plexopathy and those with no such complication (P = .03). Logistical regression analysis confirmed that body mass index is significant in predicting both postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak (P = .004; odds ratio, 1.10) and brachial plexopathy (P = .04; odds ratio, 1.07). Elevated body mass index was not significant in predicting wound complications or increased hospital stay beyond postoperative day 3. Risk of cerebrospinal fluid leak and brachial plexopathy is increased in patients with elevated body mass index undergoing surgery of the cerebellopontine angle. Consideration should be given to preoperative optimization via dietary and lifestyle modifications as well as intraoperative somatosensory evoked potential monitoring of the brachial plexus to decrease these risks.

Nuclear Shell Structure and Beta Decay I. Odd A Nuclei II. Even A Nuclei

DOE R&D Accomplishments Database

Mayer, M.G.; Moszkowski, S.A.; Nordheim, L.W.

1951-05-01

In Part I a systematics is given of all transitions for odd A nuclei for which sufficiently reliable data are available. The allowed or forbidden characters of the transitions are correlated with the positions of the initial and final odd nucleon groups in the nuclear shell scheme. The nuclear shells show definite characteristics with respect to parity of the ground states. The latter is the same as the one obtained from known spins and magnetic moments in a one-particle interpretation. In Part II a systematics of the beta transitions of even-A nuclei is given. An interpretation of the character of the transitions in terms of nuclear shell structure is achieved on the hypothesis that the odd nucleon groups have the same structure as in odd-A nuclei, together with a simple coupling rule between the neutron and proton groups in odd-odd nuclei.

Odd-even parity splittings and octupole correlations in neutron-rich Ba isotopes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fu, Y.; Wang, H.; Wang, L.-J.; Yao, J. M.

2018-02-01

The odd-even parity splittings in low-lying parity-doublet states of atomic nuclei with octupole correlations have usually been interpreted as rotational excitations on top of octupole vibration in the language of collective models. In this paper, we report a deep analysis of the odd-even parity splittings in the parity-doublet states of neutron-rich Ba isotopes around neutron number N =88 within a full microscopic framework of beyond-mean-field multireference covariant energy density functional theory. The dynamical correlations related to symmetry restoration and quadrupole-octupole shape fluctuation are taken into account with a generator coordinate method combined with parity, particle-number, and angular-momentum projections. We show that the behavior of odd-even parity splittings is governed by the interplay of rotation, quantum tunneling, and shape evolution. Similar to 224Ra, a picture of rotation-induced octupole shape stabilization in the positive-parity states is exhibited in the neutron-rich Ba isotopes.

Arik-Coon q-oscillator cat states on the noncommutative complex plane ℂq-1 and their nonclassical properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fakhri, H.; Sayyah-Fard, M.

The normalized even and odd q-cat states corresponding to Arik-Coon q-oscillator on the noncommutative complex plane ℂq-1 are constructed as the eigenstates of the lowering operator of a q-deformed su(1, 1) algebra with the left eigenvalues. We present the appropriate noncommutative measures in order to realize the resolution of the identity condition by the even and odd q-cat states. Then, we obtain the q-Bargmann-Fock realizations of the Fock representation of the q-deformed su(1, 1) algebra as well as the inner products of standard states in the q-Bargmann representations of the even and odd subspaces. Also, the Euler’s formula of the q-factorial and the Gaussian integrals based on the noncommutative q-integration are obtained. Violation of the uncertainty relation, photon antibunching effect and sub-Poissonian photon statistics by the even and odd q-cat states are considered in the cases 0 < q < 1 and q > 1.

Length-dependent structural stability of linear monatomic Cu wires

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singh, Gurvinder; Kumar, Krishan; Singh, Baljinder; Moudgil, R. K.

2018-05-01

We present first-principle calculations based on density functional theory for the finite-length monatomic Cu atom linear wires. The structure and its stability with increasing wire length in terms of number of atoms (N) is determined. Interestingly, the bond length is found to exhibit an oscillatory structure (the so-called magic length phenomenon), with a qualitative change in oscillatory behavior as one moves from even N wire to odd N wire. The even N wires follow simple even-odd oscillations whereas odd N wires show a phase change at the half length of the wires. The stability of the wire structure, determined in terms of the wire formation energy, also contains even-odd oscillation as a function of wire length. However, the oscillations in formation energy reverse its phase after the wire length is increased beyond N=12. Our findings are seen to be qualitatively consistent with recent simulations for a similar class finite-length metal atom wires.

Self field triggered superconducting fault current limiter

DOEpatents

Tekletsadik, Kasegn D [Rexford, NY

2008-02-19

A superconducting fault current limiter array with a plurality of superconductor elements arranged in a meanding array having an even number of supconductors parallel to each other and arranged in a plane that is parallel to an odd number of the plurality of superconductors, where the odd number of supconductors are parallel to each other and arranged in a plane that is parallel to the even number of the plurality of superconductors, when viewed from a top view. The even number of superconductors are coupled at the upper end to the upper end of the odd number of superconductors. A plurality of lower shunt coils each coupled to the lower end of each of the even number of superconductors and a plurality of upper shunt coils each coupled to the upper end of each of the odd number of superconductors so as to generate a generally orthoganal uniform magnetic field during quenching using only the magenetic field generated by the superconductors.

Phonons around a soliton in a continuum model of t-(CH)x

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ono, Y.; Terai, A.; Wada, Y.

1986-05-01

The eigenvalue problem for phonons around a soliton in a continuum model of trans-polyacetylene t-(CH)x, the so-called TLM model (Takayama et al, 1980), is reinvestigated using a kernel which satisfies the correct boundary condition. The three localized modes are reproduced, two with even parity and one with odd parity. The phase-shift analysis of the extended modes confirms their existence if the one-dimensional version of Levinson's theorem is applicable to the present problem. It is found that the phase shifts of even and odd modes differ from each other in the long-wavelength limit. The conclusion of Ito et al. (1984), that the scattering of phonons by the soliton is reflectionless, has to be modified in this limit, where phonons suffer reflection from the soliton.

Magnetic rotation (MR) band-crossing at high spin states: Role of nucleons in this crossing in N = 78 odd-Z isotones

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, Suresh; Garg, Ritika; Mandal, Samit Kumar

2013-02-01

Magnetic-dipole rotational (MR) bands were discovered about 15 years ago, and have been explained using shears mechanism. The theoretical understanding of these bands has been provided using tilted axis cranking (TAC). At present, magnetic rotation has been seen in whole nuclear landscape and about 180 bands in 80 nuclides has been observed in mass regions A=20, 60, 80, 110, 135 and 195 respectively. The crossing of these bands (ΔI = 1) is very much similar to normal band crossing (ΔI = 2) and already exhibited in different mass regions. We have observed new MR bands and their crossing in the A = 130 mass region in 135La, 137Pr and 139Pm nuclei. The systematic evolution of this phenomenon in N=78 odd-Z isotones leads us to understand the role on nucleons in this crossing.

Mean-field studies of time reversal breaking states in super-heavy nuclei with the Gogny force

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Robledo, L. M., E-mail: luis.robledo@uam.es

2015-10-15

Recent progress on the description of time reversal breaking (odd mass and multi-quasiparticle excitation) states in super-heavy nuclei within a mean field framework and using several flavors of the Gogny interaction is reported. The study includes ground and excited states in selected odd mass isotopes of nobelium and mendelevium as well as high K isomeric states in {sup 254}No. These are two and four-quasiparticle excitations that are treated in the same self-consistent HFB plus blocking framework as the odd mass states.

Negative parity states and some electromagnetic transition properties of even-odd erbium isotopes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yazar, Harun Resit; Uluer, Ihsan

2007-03-15

The negative parity states and some electromagnetic transition properties of even-odd erbium isotopes ({sup 159,161,163,165}Er) were studied within the framework of the interacting boson-fermion model. The single fermion is assumed to be in one of the lh{sub 9/2},3p{sub 3/2},2f{sub 5/2}, and 3p{sub 1/2} single-particle orbits. It was found that the calculated negative parity state energy spectra of the even-odd erbium isotopes agree quite well with the experimental data. The B(E2) values were also calculated and compared with the experimental data.

Nuclear structure of the odd-neutron radon isotopes radon-203,205,207

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Novak, John R.

High-spin states in the odd-neutron nuclei 203,205,207Rn have been investigated following heavy-ion fusion evaporation reaction experiments at Yale University, the University of Jyväskylä, and Argonne National Laboratory. The emitted gamma rays were measured at each location using the Jurosphere, YRAST Ball and Gammasphere detector arrays, respectively. Fusion products were detected at Jyväskylä using the gas-filled recoil separator RITU and at Argonne with the Fragment Mass Analyzer. Internal conversion electrons were measured at Argonne using the ICE Ball array of mini-orange spectrometers. Experiments that were carried out include excitation function measurements, multi-gamma coincidences, angular distribution measurements, polarization measurements, and internal conversion electron spectroscopy. No gamma-ray transitions above the 13/2+ state had been reported for any of these isotopes prior to this work. Nuclear decay schemes were constructed for 203,205,207Rn up to a spin of ~29/2ħ and an excitation energy of ~4 MeV. The states built on the 13/2 + isomers feature strongly in the decay of these nuclei. A roughly harmonic ΔI = 2 sequence assigned the ν( i13/2-1) configuration was observed in each odd-A nucleus. The energy level spacing of the 17/2+, 21/2+ and 25/2+ states relative to the 13/2 + state is similar to the 0+, 2+, 4 +, 6+ spacing observed in the neighboring even-even isotopes. The decreasing E(17/2+) energies and increasing R(/) /(/) values with decreasing neutron number reflect the increasing collectivity in the lighter isotopes as more neutron holes are added to the system. In contrast to the even-even neighbors, no evidence was found in any of the odd-A isotopes for isomeric states with lifetimes of tens of nanoseconds. An unobserved isomer in 205Rn with a lifetime of a few nanoseconds is suggested to exist near the top of the most intense cascade to account for the essentially isotropic angular distributions of the transitions in this sequence. A possible explanation for the lack of such long-lived isomers in the odd-A isotopes is the deformation-driving effects of the odd neutron, allowing additional configuration mixing and leading to increased collectivity at higher spin. A cascade of magnetic dipole transitions was observed in 205Rn and interpreted in terms of the shears mechanism. Its assigned configuration is the ν(i13/2-1) ⊗ π( i13/22). A short cascade of low-energy transitions was observed in 203Rn, but the shortness of the cascade and lack of other evidence precludes a shears band assignment for this sequence at this time. Such a band was not observed in 207Rn, which may be due to the fact that its core is not sufficiently polarized to allow the perpendicular coupling of the proton and neutron angular momentum vectors required for the manifestation of a shears band structure. A series of IBM and IBFM calculations were carried out in order to interpret the structure of the light radon nuclei in terms of a collective model. Excitation energies for the low-lying levels in the series of even- even isotopes 198-206Rn are well reproduced by the IBM predictions. Good agreement is also obtained between the IBFM calculations and the data obtained during the course of this work for the ΔI = 2 sequence built on the 13/2+ states in 203Rn and 205 Rn.

Comparing T-odd and T-even spin sum rules

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Teryaev, O.V.

2015-04-10

Sum rules for T-even and T-odd structure functions and parton distributions are considered. The case of spin-dependent distributions related to energy-momentum tensor (EMT) is specifically addressed. The Burkardt sum rule for T-odd Sivers functions may be related to EMT provided the imaginary prescription for gluonic pole correlator is incorporated. The momentum sum rule for deuteron tensor spin structure function allows one to probe indirectly the gravity couplings to quarks and gluons.

Occupational exposure influences on gender differences in respiratory health.

PubMed

Dimich-Ward, Helen; Beking, Kris; DyBuncio, Anne; Chan-Yeung, Moira; Du, Weiwei; Karlen, Barbara; Camp, Pat G; Kennedy, Susan M

2012-04-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate gender differences in the respiratory health of workers exposed to organic and inorganic dusts. Meta-analysis techniques incorporating logistic regression were applied to a combined file of 12 occupational health studies. Meta-analysis of data on 1,367 women and 4,240 men showed that women had higher odds of shortness of breath whether exposed to inorganic dust or having no occupational exposure, with an overall odds ratio (OR) of 2.07 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.57-2.73) adjusted for smoking status, age, body mass index (BMI), ethnic status, atopy, and job duration. Inorganic dust exposure was associated with the highest odds of asthma (adjusted OR = 8.38, 95% CI = 1.72-40.89) for women compared to men, but no differences were found for unexposed workers. With organic dust exposure, men had elevated odds for occasional wheeze and worse lung function compared to women. Within the limitations of this analysis, gender differences in respiratory health, as suggested by population-based studies, were confirmed in our analysis of occupational health studies, with the general type of exposure, organic or inorganic, generally determining the extent of differences. The higher risks for women compared to men for shortness of breath were robust regardless of work exposure category, with the highest odds ratios found for asthma.

Exploring One Student's Explanations at Different Ages: The Case of Sharon

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Levenson, Esther

2013-01-01

This study describes the types of explanations one student, Sharon, gives and prefers at different ages. Sharon is interviewed in the second grade regarding multiplication of one-digit numbers, in the fifth grade regarding even and odd numbers, and in the sixth grade regarding equivalent fractions. In the tenth grade, she revisits each of these…

Role of Retinocortical Processing in Spatial Vision

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-06-01

its inverse transform . These are even- symmetric functions. Odd-symmetric Gabor functions would also be required for image coding (Daugman, 1987), but...spectrum square; thus its horizontal and vertical scale factors may differ by a power of 2. Since the inverse transform undoes this distor- tion, it has...FIGURE 3 STANDARD FORM OF EVEN GABOR FILTER 7 order to inverse - transform correctly. We used Gabor functions with the standard shape of Daugman’s "polar

Mass Dependent and Mass Independent Fractionation of Hg Isotopes and Estimation of Photochemical Loss of Hg in Aquatic Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bergquist, B. A.; Blum, J. D.

2007-12-01

Mercury is a globally distributed and highly toxic pollutant, the mobility and bioaccumulation of which is dependent on its redox cycling. Hg isotope analysis is an important new tool for identifying Hg sources and tracking Hg transformations in the environment. Most natural samples analyzed for Hg isotopes display mass-dependent isotope fractionation (MDF), but a small body of data suggests that some natural samples also display mass- independent isotope fractionation (MIF) of the odd Hg isotopes. Here we document MIF of Hg isotopes during an important natural process, constrain the potential mechanism of isotope fractionation, and apply the MIF observed in natural samples to quantify the photochemical reduction of Hg species in the environment. Reduction of Hg species to Hg0 vapor is an important pathway for removal of Hg from aqueous systems into the atmosphere and occurs by abiotic and biotic mechanisms. In laboratory experiments, we find that photochemical reduction Hg species by natural sunlight leads to large MIF of the odd isotopes. Also, the relationship between MIF for the two odd isotopes of Hg is significantly different for different photo-reduction pathways. In contrast, both biological reduction (Kritee et al., 2006) and dark abiotic organically-mediated reduction follow MDF. Natural samples from aquatic ecosystems preserve both MDF and MIF. In fish, MDF increases with the size and Hg concentration of fish suggesting MDF may be useful in understanding Hg bioaccumulation. Fish also display a large range in MIF (4‰), and the relationship between the MIF of the two odd isotopes in fish has a similar slope to the slope found for photo-reduction of CH3Hg+. Since fish bioaccumulate CH3Hg+, fish may be recording the extent to which CH3Hg+ is lost via photochemical reduction in an aquatic ecosystem. Fish populations from different locations have different MIF values, but mostly display similar MIF within a given locale. This suggests that MIF is preserved in the food web and could be used to quantify photo-reduction of CH3Hg+ in ecosystems. Both MDF and MIF of Hg isotopes will be useful for quantifying and understanding Hg biogeochemical cycling in the environment.

Gradient nonlinearity calibration and correction for a compact, asymmetric magnetic resonance imaging gradient system

PubMed Central

Tao, S; Trzasko, J D; Gunter, J L; Weavers, P T; Shu, Y; Huston, J; Lee, S K; Tan, E T; Bernstein, M A

2017-01-01

Due to engineering limitations, the spatial encoding gradient fields in conventional magnetic resonance imaging cannot be perfectly linear and always contain higher-order, nonlinear components. If ignored during image reconstruction, gradient nonlinearity (GNL) manifests as image geometric distortion. Given an estimate of the GNL field, this distortion can be corrected to a degree proportional to the accuracy of the field estimate. The GNL of a gradient system is typically characterized using a spherical harmonic polynomial model with model coefficients obtained from electromagnetic simulation. Conventional whole-body gradient systems are symmetric in design; typically, only odd-order terms up to the 5th-order are required for GNL modeling. Recently, a high-performance, asymmetric gradient system was developed, which exhibits more complex GNL that requires higher-order terms including both odd- and even-orders for accurate modeling. This work characterizes the GNL of this system using an iterative calibration method and a fiducial phantom used in ADNI (Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative). The phantom was scanned at different locations inside the 26-cm diameter-spherical-volume of this gradient, and the positions of fiducials in the phantom were estimated. An iterative calibration procedure was utilized to identify the model coefficients that minimize the mean-squared-error between the true fiducial positions and the positions estimated from images corrected using these coefficients. To examine the effect of higher-order and even-order terms, this calibration was performed using spherical harmonic polynomial of different orders up to the 10th-order including even- and odd-order terms, or odd-order only. The results showed that the model coefficients of this gradient can be successfully estimated. The residual root-mean-squared-error after correction using up to the 10th-order coefficients was reduced to 0.36 mm, yielding spatial accuracy comparable to conventional whole-body gradients. The even-order terms were necessary for accurate GNL modeling. In addition, the calibrated coefficients improved image geometric accuracy compared with the simulation-based coefficients. PMID:28033119

Profiling pneumococcal type 3-derived oligosaccharides by high resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

PubMed Central

Li, Guoyun; Li, Lingyun; Xue, Changhu; Middleton, Dustin; Linhardt, Robert J.; Avci, Fikri Y.

2015-01-01

Pneumococcal type-3 polysaccharide (Pn3P) is considered a major target for the development of a human vaccine to protect against Streptococcus pneumonia infection. Thus, it is critical to develop methods for the preparation and analysis of Pn3P-derived oligosaccharides to better understand its immunological properties. In this paper, we profile oligosaccharides, generated by the free radical depolymerization of Pn3P, using liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Hydrophilic liquid interaction chromatography (HILIC)-mass spectrometry (MS) revealed a series of oligosaccharides with an even- and odd-number of saccharide residues, ranging from monosaccharide, degree of polymerization (dp1) to large oligosaccharides up to dp 20, generated by free radical depolymerization. Isomers of oligosaccharides with an even number of sugar residues were easily separated on a HILIC column, and their sequences could be distinguished by comparing MS/MS of these oligosaccharides and their reduced alditols. Fluorescent labeling with 2-aminoacridone (AMAC) followed by reversed phase (RP)-LC-MS/MS was applied to analyze and sequence poorly separated product mixtures, as RP-LC affords higher resolution of AMAC-labeled oligosaccharides than does HILIC-based separation. The present methodology can be potentially applied to profiling other capsular polysaccharides. PMID:25913329

Profiling pneumococcal type 3-derived oligosaccharides by high resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Li, Guoyun; Li, Lingyun; Xue, Changhu; Middleton, Dustin; Linhardt, Robert J; Avci, Fikri Y

2015-06-05

Pneumococcal type-3 polysaccharide (Pn3P) is considered a major target for the development of a human vaccine to protect against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Thus, it is critical to develop methods for the preparation and analysis of Pn3P-derived oligosaccharides to better understand its immunological properties. In this paper, we profile oligosaccharides, generated by the free radical depolymerization of Pn3P, using liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Hydrophilic liquid interaction chromatography (HILIC)-mass spectrometry (MS) revealed a series of oligosaccharides with an even- and odd-number of saccharide residues, ranging from monosaccharide, degree of polymerization (dp1) to large oligosaccharides up to dp 20, generated by free radical depolymerization. Isomers of oligosaccharides with an even number of sugar residues were easily separated on a HILIC column, and their sequences could be distinguished by comparing MS/MS of these oligosaccharides and their reduced alditols. Fluorescent labeling with 2-aminoacridone (AMAC) followed by reversed phase (RP)-LC-MS/MS was applied to analyze and sequence poorly separated product mixtures, as RP-LC affords higher resolution of AMAC-labeled oligosaccharides than does HILIC-based separation. The present methodology can be potentially applied to profiling other capsular polysaccharides. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Why the Faulhaber Polynomials Are Sums of Even or Odd Powers of (n + 1/2)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hersh, Reuben

2012-01-01

By extending Faulhaber's polynomial to negative values of n, the sum of the p'th powers of the first n integers is seen to be an even or odd polynomial in (n + 1/2) and therefore expressible in terms of the sum of the first n integers.

750 GeV Diphoton Excess from the Goldstino Superpartner

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Petersson, Christoffer; Torre, Riccardo

2016-04-01

We interpret the diphoton excess recently reported by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations as a new resonance arising from the sgoldstino scalar, which is the superpartner of the Goldstone mode of spontaneous supersymmetry breaking, the goldstino. The sgoldstino is produced at the LHC via gluon fusion and decays to photons, with interaction strengths proportional to the corresponding gaugino masses over the supersymmetry breaking scale. Fitting the excess, while evading bounds from searches in the dijet, Z γ , Z Z , and W W final states, selects the supersymmetry breaking scale to be a few TeV and particular ranges for the gaugino masses. The two real scalars, corresponding to the C P -even and C P -odd parts of the complex sgoldstino, both have narrow widths, but their masses can be split of the order of 10-30 GeV by electroweak mixing corrections, which could account for the preference of a wider resonance width in the current low-statistics data. In the parameter space under consideration, tree level F -term contributions to the Higgs mass arise, in addition to the standard D -term contribution proportional to the Z -boson mass, which can significantly enhance the tree level Higgs mass.

Anaerobic 1-alkene metabolism by the alkane- and alkene-degrading sulfate reducer Desulfatibacillum aliphaticivorans strain CV2803T.

PubMed

Grossi, Vincent; Cravo-Laureau, Cristiana; Méou, Alain; Raphel, Danielle; Garzino, Frédéric; Hirschler-Réa, Agnès

2007-12-01

The alkane- and alkene-degrading, marine sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfatibacillum aliphaticivorans strain CV2803(T), known to oxidize n-alkanes anaerobically by fumarate addition at C-2, was investigated for its 1-alkene metabolism. The total cellular fatty acids of this strain were predominantly C-(even number) (C-even) when it was grown on C-even 1-alkenes and predominantly C-(odd number) (C-odd) when it was grown on C-odd 1-alkenes. Detailed analyses of those fatty acids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after 6- to 10-week incubations allowed the identification of saturated 2- and 4-ethyl-, 2- and 4-methyl-, and monounsaturated 4-methyl-branched fatty acids with chain lengths that correlated with those of the 1-alkene. The growth of D. aliphaticivorans on (per)deuterated 1-alkenes provided direct evidence of the anaerobic transformation of these alkenes into the corresponding 1-alcohols and into linear as well as 10- and 4-methyl-branched fatty acids. Experiments performed with [(13)C]bicarbonate indicated that the initial activation of 1-alkene by the addition of inorganic carbon does not occur. These results demonstrate that D. aliphaticivorans metabolizes 1-alkene by the oxidation of the double bond at C-1 and by the subterminal addition of organic carbon at both ends of the molecule [C-2 and C-(omega-1)]. The detection of ethyl-branched fatty acids from unlabeled 1-alkenes further suggests that carbon addition also occurs at C-3. Alkylsuccinates were not observed as potential initial intermediates in alkene metabolism. Based on our observations, the first pathways for anaerobic 1-alkene metabolism in an anaerobic bacterium are proposed. Those pathways indicate that diverse initial reactions of 1-alkene activation can occur simultaneously in the same strain of sulfate-reducing bacterium.

Anaerobic 1-Alkene Metabolism by the Alkane- and Alkene-Degrading Sulfate Reducer Desulfatibacillum aliphaticivorans Strain CV2803T▿

PubMed Central

Grossi, Vincent; Cravo-Laureau, Cristiana; Méou, Alain; Raphel, Danielle; Garzino, Frédéric; Hirschler-Réa, Agnès

2007-01-01

The alkane- and alkene-degrading, marine sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfatibacillum aliphaticivorans strain CV2803T, known to oxidize n-alkanes anaerobically by fumarate addition at C-2, was investigated for its 1-alkene metabolism. The total cellular fatty acids of this strain were predominantly C-(even number) (C-even) when it was grown on C-even 1-alkenes and predominantly C-(odd number) (C-odd) when it was grown on C-odd 1-alkenes. Detailed analyses of those fatty acids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after 6- to 10-week incubations allowed the identification of saturated 2- and 4-ethyl-, 2- and 4-methyl-, and monounsaturated 4-methyl-branched fatty acids with chain lengths that correlated with those of the 1-alkene. The growth of D. aliphaticivorans on (per)deuterated 1-alkenes provided direct evidence of the anaerobic transformation of these alkenes into the corresponding 1-alcohols and into linear as well as 10- and 4-methyl-branched fatty acids. Experiments performed with [13C]bicarbonate indicated that the initial activation of 1-alkene by the addition of inorganic carbon does not occur. These results demonstrate that D. aliphaticivorans metabolizes 1-alkene by the oxidation of the double bond at C-1 and by the subterminal addition of organic carbon at both ends of the molecule [C-2 and C-(ω-1)]. The detection of ethyl-branched fatty acids from unlabeled 1-alkenes further suggests that carbon addition also occurs at C-3. Alkylsuccinates were not observed as potential initial intermediates in alkene metabolism. Based on our observations, the first pathways for anaerobic 1-alkene metabolism in an anaerobic bacterium are proposed. Those pathways indicate that diverse initial reactions of 1-alkene activation can occur simultaneously in the same strain of sulfate-reducing bacterium. PMID:17965214

Exposure to violence in childhood is associated with higher body mass index in adolescence.

PubMed

Gooding, Holly C; Milliren, Carly; Austin, S Bryn; Sheridan, Margaret A; McLaughlin, Katie A

2015-12-01

To determine whether different types of childhood adversity are associated with body mass index (BMI) in adolescence, we studied 147 adolescents aged 13-17 years, 41% of whom reported exposure to at least one adversity (maltreatment, abuse, peer victimization, or witness to community or domestic violence). We examined associations between adversity type and age- and sex-specific BMI z-scores using linear regression and overweight and obese status using logistic regression. We adjusted for potential socio-demographic, behavioral, and psychological confounders and tested for effect modification by gender. Adolescents with a history of sexual abuse, emotional abuse, or peer victimization did not have significantly different BMI z-scores than those without exposure (p>0.05 for all comparisons). BMI z-scores were higher in adolescents who had experienced physical abuse (β=0.50, 95% CI 0.12-0.91) or witnessed domestic violence (β=0.85, 95% CI 0.30-1.40). Participants who witnessed domestic violence had almost 6 times the odds of being overweight or obese (95% CI: 1.09-30.7), even after adjustment for potential confounders. No gender-by-adversity interactions were found. Exposure to violence in childhood is associated with higher adolescent BMI. This finding highlights the importance of screening for violence in pediatric practice and providing obesity prevention counseling for youth. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

5 CFR Appendix B to Subpart B of... - Nationwide Schedule of Nonappropriated Fund Regular Wage Surveys

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... April Even. St. Clair April Even. Kansas Leavenworth-Jackson-Johnson April Even. Sedgwick April Odd... Juan February Even. Rhode Island Newport July Even. South Carolina Charleston February Even. Richland...

The impact of weight changes on nonalcoholic Fatty liver disease in adult men with normal weight.

PubMed

Cho, Ji-Young; Chung, Tae-Heum; Lim, Kyoung-Mo; Park, Hee-Jin; Jang, Jung-Mi

2014-09-01

Although it is known that losing weight has an effect on the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the studies that show how losing weight affects the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease for the normal weight male adults are limited so far. In this study, we set body mass index as criteria and investigated how the weight changes for 4 years makes an impact on the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease for the male adults who have the normal body mass index. From January to December of 2004, among the normal weight male adults who had general check-up at the Health Promotion Center of Ulsan University Hospital, 180 people (average age, 47.4 ± 4.61 years) who were diagnosed with fatty liver through abdominal ultrasonography were included in this study and were observed according to the variety of data and ultrasonography after 4 years (2008). People who had a history of drinking more than 140 g of alcohol per week or who had a past medical history were excluded from the analysis. The weight change of subjects was calculated using the formula 'weight change = weight of 2008 (kg) - weight of 2004 (kg)' and classified into three groups, loss group (≤-3.0 kg), stable group (-2.9 to 2.9 kg), and gain group (≥3.0 kg). The odds for disappearance of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in those three different groups were compared. Among 180 subjects, compared with stable group (67.2%, 121 subjects), loss group (11.7%, 21 subjects) showed 18.37-fold increase in the odds of disappearance of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.34 to 77.80) and gain group (21.1%, 38 subjects) showed 0.28-fold decrease in the odds of disappearance of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (95% CI, 0.10 to 0.83). Even for the normal weight people, losing weight has an effect on the improvement of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Functional decline after incident wrist fractures—Study of Osteoporotic Fractures: prospective cohort study

PubMed Central

Song, Jing; Dunlop, Dorothy D; Fink, Howard A; Cauley, Jane A

2010-01-01

Objective To study the effect of an incident wrist fracture on functional status in women enrolled in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Baltimore, Minneapolis, Portland, and the Monongahela valley in Pennsylvania, USA Participants 6107 women aged 65 years and older without previous wrist or hip fracture recruited from the community between September 1986 and October 1988. Main outcome measure Clinically important functional decline, defined as a functional deterioration of 5 points in five activities of daily living each scored from 0 to 3 (equivalent to one standard deviation decrease in functional ability). Results Over a mean follow-up of 7.6 years, 268 women had an incident wrist fracture and 41 (15%) of these developed clinically important functional decline. Compared with women without wrist fractures, those with incident wrist fractures had greater annual functional decline after adjustment for age, body mass index, and health status. Occurrence of a wrist fracture increased the odds of having a clinically important functional decline by 48% (odds ratio 1.48, 95% confidence interval 1.04 to 2.12), even after adjustment for age, body mass index, health status, baseline functional status, lifestyle factors, comorbidities, and neuromuscular function. Conclusions Wrist fractures contribute to clinically important functional decline in older women. PMID:20616099

Baryon number, lepton number, and operator dimension in the Standard Model

DOE PAGES

Kobach, Andrew

2016-05-19

In this study, we prove that for a given operator in the Standard Model (SM) with baryon number ΔB and lepton number ΔL, that the operator's dimension is even (odd) if (ΔB - ΔL)/2 is even (odd). Consequently, this establishes the veracity of statements that were long observed or expected to be true, but not proven, e.g., operators with ΔB - ΔL = 0 are of even dimension, ΔB - ΔL must be an even number, etc. These results remain true even if the SM is augmented by any number of right-handed neutrinos with ΔL = 1.

Benefits of leisure-time physical activity on the cardiovascular risk profile at older age.

PubMed

Mensink, G B; Ziese, T; Kok, F J

1999-08-01

Intensity, frequency and duration of physical activity may contribute in different ways to the maintenance of cardiovascular health. Their relative importance may also change at different stages in life and this should be taken into account for activity recommendations. The relationship of frequency and duration of leisure-time physical activities with cardiovascular risk factors was studied in 4942 male and 5885 female participants aged 50-69, of the German Cardiovascular Prevention Study (1984-1991). After adjustment for several possible confounders, women with modest levels (2-12 times per month, 0.5-2 h per week) of moderate-to-vigorous activity (> or =5 kcal/kg/h) had significantly lower systolic blood pressure (-1.8%), resting heart rate (-3.1%) and body mass index (-3.2%) values than sedentary women. Beneficial differences increased with frequency and duration of activity. Light activities (3-4.5 kcal/kg/h), conducted > or =5 times a week, were significantly associated with favourable lower diastolic blood pressure (-1.4%), resting heart rate (-2.3%) among women, and body mass index (women -2.9%, men -2.2%) among both genders. Recommended activity levels (> or =5 times, > or =3.5 h weekly) were associated with a lower prevalence of multiple risk factors (odds ratio [OR] = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.41-0.75 for men and OR = 0.44 95% CI: 0.31-0.63 for women). For sedentary elderly, even less physical activity than currently recommended, is likely to improve the cardiovascular risk profile.

Nucleon transverse momentum-dependent parton distributions in lattice QCD: Renormalization patterns and discretization effects

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yoon, Boram; Engelhardt, Michael; Gupta, Rajan

Lattice QCD calculations of transverse momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs) in nucleons are presented in this paper, based on the evaluation of nucleon matrix elements of quark bilocal operators with a staple-shaped gauge connection. Both time-reversal odd effects, namely, the generalized Sivers and Boer-Mulders transverse momentum shifts, as well as time-reversal even effects, namely, the generalized transversity and one of the generalized worm-gear shifts, are studied. Results are obtained on two different n f = 2 + 1 flavor ensembles with approximately matching pion masses but very different discretization schemes: domain-wall fermions (DWF) with lattice spacing a = 0.084 fmmore » and pion mass 297 MeV, and Wilson-clover fermions with a = 0.114 fm and pion mass 317 MeV. Comparison of the results on the two ensembles yields insight into the length scales at which lattice discretization errors are small, and into the extent to which the renormalization pattern obeyed by the continuum QCD TMD operator continues to apply in the lattice formulation. For the studied TMD observables, the results are found to be consistent between the two ensembles at sufficiently large separation of the quark fields within the operator, whereas deviations are observed in the local limit and in the case of a straight link gauge connection, which is relevant to the studies of parton distribution functions. Finally and furthermore, the lattice estimates of the generalized Sivers shift obtained here are confronted with, and are seen to tend towards, a phenomenological estimate extracted from experimental data.« less

Nucleon transverse momentum-dependent parton distributions in lattice QCD: Renormalization patterns and discretization effects

DOE PAGES

Yoon, Boram; Engelhardt, Michael; Gupta, Rajan; ...

2017-11-21

Lattice QCD calculations of transverse momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMDs) in nucleons are presented in this paper, based on the evaluation of nucleon matrix elements of quark bilocal operators with a staple-shaped gauge connection. Both time-reversal odd effects, namely, the generalized Sivers and Boer-Mulders transverse momentum shifts, as well as time-reversal even effects, namely, the generalized transversity and one of the generalized worm-gear shifts, are studied. Results are obtained on two different n f = 2 + 1 flavor ensembles with approximately matching pion masses but very different discretization schemes: domain-wall fermions (DWF) with lattice spacing a = 0.084 fmmore » and pion mass 297 MeV, and Wilson-clover fermions with a = 0.114 fm and pion mass 317 MeV. Comparison of the results on the two ensembles yields insight into the length scales at which lattice discretization errors are small, and into the extent to which the renormalization pattern obeyed by the continuum QCD TMD operator continues to apply in the lattice formulation. For the studied TMD observables, the results are found to be consistent between the two ensembles at sufficiently large separation of the quark fields within the operator, whereas deviations are observed in the local limit and in the case of a straight link gauge connection, which is relevant to the studies of parton distribution functions. Finally and furthermore, the lattice estimates of the generalized Sivers shift obtained here are confronted with, and are seen to tend towards, a phenomenological estimate extracted from experimental data.« less

Probing fatty acid metabolism in bacteria, cyanobacteria, green microalgae and diatoms with natural and unnatural fatty acids.

PubMed

Beld, Joris; Abbriano, Raffaela; Finzel, Kara; Hildebrand, Mark; Burkart, Michael D

2016-04-01

In both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, fatty acid synthases are responsible for the biosynthesis of fatty acids in an iterative process, extending the fatty acid by two carbon units every cycle. Thus, odd numbered fatty acids are rarely found in nature. We tested whether representatives of diverse microbial phyla have the ability to incorporate odd-chain fatty acids as substrates for their fatty acid synthases and their downstream enzymes. We fed various odd and short chain fatty acids to the bacterium Escherichia coli, cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. Major differences were observed, specifically in the ability among species to incorporate and elongate short chain fatty acids. We demonstrate that E. coli, C. reinhardtii, and T. pseudonana can produce longer fatty acid products from short chain precursors (C3 and C5), while Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 lacks this ability. However, Synechocystis can incorporate and elongate longer chain fatty acids due to acyl-acyl carrier protein synthetase (AasS) activity, and knockout of this protein eliminates the ability to incorporate these fatty acids. In addition, expression of a characterized AasS from Vibrio harveyii confers a similar capability to E. coli. The ability to desaturate exogenously added fatty acids was only observed in Synechocystis and C. reinhardtii. We further probed fatty acid metabolism of these organisms by feeding desaturase inhibitors to test the specificity of long-chain fatty acid desaturases. In particular, supplementation with thia fatty acids can alter fatty acid profiles based on the location of the sulfur in the chain. We show that coupling sensitive gas chromatography mass spectrometry to supplementation of unnatural fatty acids can reveal major differences between fatty acid metabolism in various organisms. Often unnatural fatty acids have antibacterial or even therapeutic properties. Feeding of short precursors now gives us easy access to these extended molecules.

Acoustic one-way mode conversion and transmission by sonic crystal waveguides

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ouyang, Shiliang; He, Hailong; He, Zhaojian; Deng, Ke; Zhao, Heping

2016-09-01

We proposed a scheme to achieve one-way acoustic propagation and even-odd mode switching in two mutually perpendicular sonic crystal waveguides connected by a resonant cavity. The even mode in the entrance waveguide is able to switch to the odd mode in the exit waveguide through a symmetry match between the cavity resonant modes and the waveguide modes. Conversely, the odd mode in the exit waveguide is unable to be converted into the even mode in the entrance waveguide as incident waves and eigenmodes are mismatched in their symmetries at the waveguide exit. This one-way mechanism can be applied to design an acoustic diode for acoustic integration devices and can be used as a convertor of the acoustic waveguide modes.

Long-chain carboxylic acids in pyrolysates of Green River kerogen

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kawamura, K.; Tannenbaum, E.; Huizinga, B. J.; Kaplan, I. R.

1986-01-01

Long-chain fatty acids (C10-C32), as well as C14-C21 isoprenoid acids (except for C18), have been identified in anhydrous and hydrous pyrolyses products of Green River kerogen (200-400 degrees C, 2-1000 hr). These kerogen-released fatty acids are characterized by a strong even/odd predominance (CPI: 4.8-10.2) with a maximum at C16 followed by lesser amounts of C18 and C22 acids. This distribution is different from that of unbound and bound geolipids extracted from Green River shale. The unbound fatty acids show a weak even/odd predominance (CPI: 1.64) with a maximum at C14, and bound fatty acids display an even/odd predominance (CPI: 2.8) with maxima at C18 and C30. These results suggest that fatty acids were incorporated into kerogen during sedimentation and early diagenesis and were protected from microbial and chemical changes over geological periods of time. Total quantities of fatty acids produced during heating of the kerogen ranged from 0.71 to 3.2 mg/g kerogen. Highest concentrations were obtained when kerogen was heated with water for 100 hr at 300 degrees C. Generally, their amounts did not decrease under hydrous conditions with increase in temperature or heating time, suggesting that significant decarboxylation did not occur under the pyrolysis conditions used, although hydrocarbons were extensively generated.

The role of obesity measures in the development and persistence of major depressive disorder.

PubMed

Gibson-Smith, Deborah; Bot, Mariska; Paans, Nadine Pg; Visser, Marjolein; Brouwer, Ingeborg; Penninx, Brenda Wjh

2016-07-01

The role of obesity with the development of major depressive disorder (MDD) requires conformation and whether obesity contributes to more chronic depression in persons with established (MDD) is unknown. This study examined the longitudinal relationship of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference with the incidence and persistence of MDD over 2-year and 6-year periods. Data were sourced from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. MDD was established with Composite International Diagnostic Interviews. The relationship of BMI and waist circumference with the development of depression two and six years later were estimated in the subsample with no current psychopathology at baseline. Associations with the persistence of depression was estimated in the subsample with current MDD. Higher BMI at baseline, but not waist circumference, slightly increased the odds of the development of MDD after two years (odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation increase: 1.11; p=0.03), This relationship was not significant after adjustment for health and lifestyle variables. Conversely, over a 6-year period both BMI and waist circumference moderately increased the odds of developing MDD even after adjustment (OR:1.17; p=0.05, OR:1.20; p=0.05). Persistence of MDD in currently depressed subjects, is not related with BMI or waist circumference (adjusted OR:0.93; p=0.2, OR:0.91; p=0.15). Development of depression may differ in participants lost to follow-up. Over a 6 year period, patients with higher BMI show a slightly increased risk of development of depression. However, in depressed patients there is no relationship between BMI and the persistence of depression. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Electrostatic Interactions Govern “Odd/Even” Effects in Water-Induced Gemini Surfactant Self-Assembly

DOE PAGES

Mantha, Sriteja; McDaniel, Jesse G.; Perroni, Dominic V.; ...

2016-12-27

Gemini surfactants comprise two single-tailed surfactants connected by a linker at or near the hydrophilic headgroup. They display a variety of water concentration-dependent lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) morphologies that are sensitive to surfactant molecular structure, and na- ture of the headgroups and counterions. Recently, an interesting dependence of the aqueous phase behavior on the length of the linker has been discovered; odd-numbered linker length surfactants exhibit characteristically different phase diagrams than even-numbered linker sur- factants. In this work, we investigate this “odd/even effect” using computer simulations, focusing on experimentally studied gemini dicarboxylates with Na + counterions, 7 non-terminal carbon atomsmore » in the tails, and either 3, 4, 5, or 6 carbon atoms in the linker (denoted Na-73, Na-74, Na-75, and Na-76 respectively). We find that the relative electrostatic repulsion be- tween headgroups in the different morphologies is correlated with qualitative features of the experimental phase diagrams, predicting destabilization of hexagonal phases as the cylinders pack close together at low water content. Significant differences in the relative headgroup ori- entations of Na-74 and Na-76 compared to Na-73 and Na-75 surfactants lead to differences in linker-linker packing, and long-range headgroup/headgroup electrostatic repulsion, which affects the delicate electrostatic balance between hexagonal and gyroid phases. Finally, much of the fundamental insight presented in this work is enabled by the ability to computationally construct and analyze metastable phases that are not observable in experiments.« less

Cosmic impact: What are the odds?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harris, A. W.

2009-12-01

Firestone et al. (PNAS 104, 16016-16021, 2007) propose that the impact of a ~4 km diameter comet (or multiple bodies making up a similar mass) led to the Younger Dryas cooling and extinction of megafauna in North America, 12,900 years ago. Even more provocatively, Firestone et al. (Cycle of Cosmic Catastrophes, Bear & Co. Books, 2006, 392pp), suggest that a nearby supernova may have produced a comet shower leading to the impact event, either by disturbing the Oort Cloud or by direct injection of 4-km comet-like bodies to the solar neighborhood. Here we show: (a) A supernova shockwave or mass ejection is not capable of triggering a shower of comets from the Oort Cloud. (b) An Oort Cloud shower from whatever cause would take 100,000 years or more for the perturbed comets to arrive in the inner solar system, and the peak flux would persist for some hundreds of thousands more years. (c) Even if all 20 solar masses or so of ejected matter from a SN were in the form of 4-km diameter balls, the probability of even one such ball hitting the Earth from an event 100 light years away would be about 3e-5. (d) A 4-km diameter ball traveling fast enough to get here from 100 LY away in some tens of thousands of years would deliver the energy of a 50 km diameter impactor traveling at typical Earth-impact velocity (~20 km/sec). We review the current impact flux on the Earth from asteroids and comets, and show that the probability of an impact of a 4-km diameter asteroid in an interval of 13,000 years is about one in a thousand, and the probability of a comet impact of that size is a few in a million. An "impact shower" caused by the injection or breakup of comets or asteroids in the inner solar system by whatever means would take tens to hundreds of thousands of years to clear out, thus the population of NEOs we see now with our telescopic surveys is what we’ve had for the last few tens of thousands of years, at least. Faced with such low odds, the evidence that such a large cosmic impact is the cause of the Younger Dryas boundary and cooling, and that there is no other possible cause, needs to be extraordinary indeed.

Double binding energy differences: Mean-field or pairing effect?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qi, Chong

2012-10-01

In this Letter we present a systematic analysis on the average interaction between the last protons and neutrons in atomic nuclei, which can be extracted from the double differences of nuclear binding energies. The empirical average proton-neutron interaction Vpn thus derived from experimental data can be described in a very simple form as the interplay of the nuclear mean field and the pairing interaction. It is found that the smooth behavior as well as the local fluctuations of the Vpn in even-even nuclei with N ≠ Z are dominated by the contribution from the proton-neutron monopole interactions. A strong additional contribution from the isoscalar monopole interaction and isovector proton-neutron pairing interaction is seen in the Vpn for even-even N = Z nuclei and for the adjacent odd-A nuclei with one neutron or proton being subtracted.

Influence of race/ethnicity on cardiovascular risk factors in polycystic ovary syndrome, the Dallas Heart Study.

PubMed

Chang, Alice Y; Oshiro, June; Ayers, Colby; Auchus, Richard J

2016-07-01

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is estimated to affect up to 20% of women. PCOS is associated with insulin resistance and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. We aimed to evaluate the impact of race/ethnicity on the prevalence of CV risk factors and subclinical predictors of CV events. Cross-sectional analysis of data collected by the Dallas Heart Study, an urban, population-based cohort oversampled for blacks. A previously described cohort of women with PCOS and control subjects of the same racial/ethnic group, matched for age and body mass index. Hormonal and clinical measures associated with PCOS and CV risk factors. The study included 117 women with PCOS and 204 controls. Women with PCOS had significant differences across racial/ethnic groups in the prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and impaired fasting glucose (P < 0·05). Controls showed significant racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of hypertension and impaired fasting glucose (P < 0·05). The odds of hypertension were significantly greater among women with PCOS than controls after adjusting for race/ethnicity (odds ratio, 1·50 [95% CI, 1·03-2·30]; P = 0·04). However, we did not see an interaction of race/ethnicity that significantly changed CV risk factor prevalence between PCOS and controls. In addition, subclinical measures of CV disease were not different between women with PCOS vs controls, even among hypertensive women. Race/ethnicity affects the prevalence of CV risk factors for women with and without PCOS. However, race/ethnicity does not interact with PCOS to additionally increase CV risk factor prevalence or subclinical CV disease. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

BMI, total and abdominal fat distribution, and cardiovascular risk factors in school-age children.

PubMed

Gishti, Olta; Gaillard, Romy; Durmus, Busra; Abrahamse, Marieke; van der Beek, Eline M; Hofman, Albert; Franco, Oscar H; de Jonge, Layla L; Jaddoe, Vincent W V

2015-05-01

More specific total body and abdominal fat mass measures might be stronger associated with cardiovascular risk factors in childhood, than BMI. We examined the independent associations of total and abdominal fat measures with cardiovascular risk factors in school age children. We performed a population-based cohort study among 6,523 children. At the age of 6 y, we measured childhood BMI, and general and abdominal fat mass, using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and ultrasound and cardiovascular risk factors. Conditional on BMI, higher fat mass percentage and abdominal fat mass were associated with higher blood pressure, total- and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, insulin and c-peptide levels, but with lower left ventricular mass and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (P values < 0.05). These associations differed between underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese children. Higher childhood adiposity measures were associated with increased odds of cardiovascular risk factors clustering, with the strongest effect for fat mass percentage (odds ratios: 3.01 (95% confidence interval: 2.67, 3.9). Our results suggest that general and abdominal fat measures are associated with cardiovascular risk factors in childhood, independent from BMI. These measures may provide additional information for identification of children with an adverse cardiovascular profile.

Determination of spin and parity of the Higgs boson in the [Formula: see text] decay channel with the ATLAS detector.

PubMed

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Simoniello, R; Sinervo, P; Sinev, N B; Siragusa, G; Sisakyan, A N; Sivoklokov, S Yu; Sjölin, J; Sjursen, T B; Skinner, M B; Skottowe, H P; Skubic, P; Slater, M; Slavicek, T; Slawinska, M; Sliwa, K; Smakhtin, V; Smart, B H; Smestad, L; Smirnov, S Yu; Smirnov, Y; Smirnova, L N; Smirnova, O; Smith, M N K; Smizanska, M; Smolek, K; Snesarev, A A; Snidero, G; Snyder, S; Sobie, R; Socher, F; Soffer, A; Soh, D A; Solans, C A; Solar, M; Solc, J; Soldatov, E Yu; Soldevila, U; Solodkov, A A; Soloshenko, A; Solovyanov, O V; Solovyev, V; Sommer, P; Song, H Y; Soni, N; Sood, A; Sopczak, A; Sopko, B; Sopko, V; Sorin, V; Sosa, D; Sosebee, M; Sotiropoulou, C L; Soualah, R; Soueid, P; Soukharev, A M; South, D; Spagnolo, S; Spalla, M; Spanò, F; Spearman, W R; Spettel, F; Spighi, R; Spigo, G; Spiller, L A; Spousta, M; Spreitzer, T; Denis, R D St; Staerz, S; Stahlman, J; Stamen, R; Stamm, S; Stanecka, E; Stanescu, C; Stanescu-Bellu, M; Stanitzki, M M; Stapnes, S; Starchenko, E A; Stark, J; Staroba, P; Starovoitov, P; Staszewski, R; Stavina, P; Steinberg, P; Stelzer, B; Stelzer, H J; Stelzer-Chilton, O; Stenzel, H; Stern, S; Stewart, G A; Stillings, J A; Stockton, M C; Stoebe, M; Stoicea, G; Stolte, P; Stonjek, S; Stradling, A R; Straessner, A; Stramaglia, M E; Strandberg, J; Strandberg, S; Strandlie, A; Strauss, E; Strauss, M; Strizenec, P; Ströhmer, R; Strom, D M; Stroynowski, R; Strubig, A; Stucci, S A; Stugu, B; Styles, N A; Su, D; Su, J; Subramaniam, R; Succurro, A; Sugaya, Y; Suhr, C; Suk, M; Sulin, V V; Sultansoy, S; Sumida, T; Sun, S; Sun, X; Sundermann, J E; Suruliz, K; Susinno, G; Sutton, M R; Suzuki, S; Suzuki, Y; Svatos, M; Swedish, S; Swiatlowski, M; Sykora, I; Sykora, T; Ta, D; Taccini, C; Tackmann, K; Taenzer, J; Taffard, A; Tafirout, R; Taiblum, N; Takai, H; Takashima, R; Takeda, H; Takeshita, T; Takubo, Y; Talby, M; Talyshev, A A; Tam, J Y C; Tan, K G; Tanaka, J; Tanaka, R; Tanaka, S; Tanaka, S; Tannenwald, B B; Tannoury, N; Tapprogge, S; Tarem, S; Tarrade, F; Tartarelli, G F; Tas, P; Tasevsky, M; Tashiro, T; Tassi, E; Tavares Delgado, A; Tayalati, Y; Taylor, F E; Taylor, G N; Taylor, W; Teischinger, F A; Teixeira Dias Castanheira, M; Teixeira-Dias, P; Temming, K K; Ten Kate, H; Teng, P K; Teoh, J J; Tepel, F; Terada, S; Terashi, K; Terron, J; Terzo, S; Testa, M; Teuscher, R J; Therhaag, J; Theveneaux-Pelzer, T; Thomas, J P; Thomas-Wilsker, J; Thompson, E N; Thompson, P D; Thompson, R J; Thompson, A S; Thomsen, L A; Thomson, E; Thomson, M; Thun, R P; Tibbetts, M J; Torres, R E Ticse; Tikhomirov, V O; Tikhonov, Yu A; Timoshenko, S; Tiouchichine, E; Tipton, P; Tisserant, S; Todorov, T; Todorova-Nova, S; Tojo, J; Tokár, S; Tokushuku, K; Tollefson, K; Tolley, E; Tomlinson, L; Tomoto, M; Tompkins, L; Toms, K; Torrence, E; Torres, H; Torró Pastor, E; Toth, J; Touchard, F; Tovey, D R; Trefzger, T; Tremblet, L; Tricoli, A; Trigger, I M; Trincaz-Duvoid, S; Tripiana, M F; Trischuk, W; Trocmé, B; Troncon, C; Trottier-McDonald, M; Trovatelli, M; True, P; Trzebinski, M; Trzupek, A; Tsarouchas, C; Tseng, J C-L; Tsiareshka, P V; Tsionou, D; Tsipolitis, G; Tsirintanis, N; Tsiskaridze, S; Tsiskaridze, V; Tskhadadze, E G; Tsukerman, I I; Tsulaia, V; Tsuno, S; Tsybychev, D; Tudorache, A; Tudorache, V; Tuna, A N; Tupputi, S A; Turchikhin, S; Turecek, D; Turra, R; Turvey, A J; Tuts, P M; Tykhonov, A; Tylmad, M; Tyndel, M; Ueda, I; Ueno, R; Ughetto, M; Ugland, M; Uhlenbrock, M; Ukegawa, F; Unal, G; Undrus, A; Unel, G; Ungaro, F C; Unno, Y; Unverdorben, C; Urban, J; Urquijo, P; Urrejola, P; Usai, G; Usanova, A; Vacavant, L; Vacek, V; Vachon, B; Valderanis, C; Valencic, N; Valentinetti, S; Valero, A; Valery, L; Valkar, S; Valladolid Gallego, E; Vallecorsa, S; Valls Ferrer, J A; Van Den Wollenberg, W; Van Der Deijl, P C; van der Geer, R; van der Graaf, H; Van Der Leeuw, R; van Eldik, N; van Gemmeren, P; Van Nieuwkoop, J; van Vulpen, I; van Woerden, M C; Vanadia, M; Vandelli, W; Vanguri, R; Vaniachine, A; Vannucci, F; Vardanyan, G; Vari, R; Varnes, E W; Varol, T; Varouchas, D; 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Studies of the spin and parity quantum numbers of the Higgs boson in the [Formula: see text] final state are presented, based on proton-proton collision data collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb[Formula: see text] at a centre-of-mass energy of [Formula: see text] TeV. The Standard Model spin-parity [Formula: see text] hypothesis is compared with alternative hypotheses for both spin and CP. The case where the observed resonance is a mixture of the Standard-Model-like Higgs boson and CP-even ([Formula: see text]) or CP-odd ([Formula: see text]) Higgs boson in scenarios beyond the Standard Model is also studied. The data are found to be consistent with the Standard Model prediction and limits are placed on alternative spin and CP hypotheses, including CP mixing in different scenarios.

Determination of spin and parity of the Higgs boson in the $$WW^*\\rightarrow e \

DOE PAGES

Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abdallah, J.; ...

2015-05-27

Research of the spin and parity quantum numbers of the Higgs boson in the WW* → eνμν final state are presented, based on proton–proton collision data collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb –1 at a centre-of-mass energy of √s=8 TeV. The Standard Model spin-parity J CP=0 ++ hypothesis is compared with alternative hypotheses for both spin and CP. The case where the observed resonance is a mixture of the Standard-Model-like Higgs boson and CP-even (J CP=0 ++) or CP-odd (J CP=0 +–) Higgs boson in scenarios beyond themore » Standard Model is also studied. The data are found to be consistent with the Standard Model prediction and limits are placed on alternative spin and CP hypotheses, including CP mixing in different scenarios.« less

Observation of the quantum Hall effect in δ-doped SrTiO3

PubMed Central

Matsubara, Y.; Takahashi, K. S.; Bahramy, M. S.; Kozuka, Y.; Maryenko, D.; Falson, J.; Tsukazaki, A.; Tokura, Y.; Kawasaki, M.

2016-01-01

The quantum Hall effect is a macroscopic quantum phenomenon in a two-dimensional electron system. The two-dimensional electron system in SrTiO3 has sparked a great deal of interest, mainly because of the strong electron correlation effects expected from the 3d orbitals. Here we report the observation of the quantum Hall effect in a dilute La-doped SrTiO3-two-dimensional electron system, fabricated by metal organic molecular-beam epitaxy. The quantized Hall plateaus are found to be solely stemming from the low Landau levels with even integer-filling factors, ν=4 and 6 without any contribution from odd ν's. For ν=4, the corresponding plateau disappears on decreasing the carrier density. Such peculiar behaviours are proposed to be due to the crossing between the Landau levels originating from the two subbands composed of d orbitals with different effective masses. Our findings pave a way to explore unprecedented quantum phenomena in d-electron systems. PMID:27228903

Determination of spin and parity of the Higgs boson in the $$WW^*\\rightarrow e \

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abdallah, J.

Research of the spin and parity quantum numbers of the Higgs boson in the WW* → eνμν final state are presented, based on proton–proton collision data collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb –1 at a centre-of-mass energy of √s=8 TeV. The Standard Model spin-parity J CP=0 ++ hypothesis is compared with alternative hypotheses for both spin and CP. The case where the observed resonance is a mixture of the Standard-Model-like Higgs boson and CP-even (J CP=0 ++) or CP-odd (J CP=0 +–) Higgs boson in scenarios beyond themore » Standard Model is also studied. The data are found to be consistent with the Standard Model prediction and limits are placed on alternative spin and CP hypotheses, including CP mixing in different scenarios.« less

Empirical Evidence for Roughness-Dependent Limit in Observation of Odd-Even Effect in Wetting Properties of Polar Liquids on n-Alkanethiolate Self-Assembled Monolayers.

PubMed

Wang, Zhengjia; Chen, Jiahao; Oyola-Reynoso, Stephanie; Thuo, Martin

2016-08-16

Substrate roughness influences the wetting properties of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), but details on this dependency at the sub-nanometer level are still lacking. This study investigates the effect of surface roughness on interfacial properties of n-alkanethiolate SAMs, specifically wetting, and confirms the predicted limit to the observation of the odd-even effect in hydrophobicity. This article studies static contact angles of polar and nonpolar probe liquids on a series of n-alkanethiolate SAMs on surfaces with tunable roughness. We prepared Ag surfaces with root-mean-square roughness (Rrms) of ∼0.6-2.2 nm and compared the wetting properties of n-alkanethiolate SAMs fabricated on these surfaces. We measured the static contact angles, θs, formed between SAM and probe liquids [water, glycerol, and hexadecane]. Hexadecane showed an odd-even effect on all surfaces irrespective of the degree of roughness. Polar liquids (water and glycerol), however, showed a dependency on the roughness of the substrate with an odd-even effect observable only on smooth, but not rougher (Rrms ≥ 1.15 nm), surfaces. These results confirm that the previously predicted limit to observation of the odd-even effect in hydrophobicity (here extended to polar liquids) is real. From the results with glycerol, we infer that this limit is not limited just to hydrophobicity but may extend to other polar liquids. Results from hexadecane, however, suggest that this limit may not be a universal property of the SAM.

Computational investigation on the structures and electronic properties of the nanosized rhenium clusters

DOE PAGES

Zhao, Run -Ning; Chen, Rui; Yuan, Yan -Hong; ...

2017-08-10

Here, the stable equilibrium geometries, relative stabilities, and electronic and magnetic characteristics of Re n (n = 2–16) clusters were investigated by density functional theory method. The calculated fragmentation energies and second-order differences of energies exhibited interestingly that the stabilities of Re n (n = 2–16) clusters show a dramatic odd-even alternative behavior of the cluster size n: with the even-numbered Ren clusters being obviously more stable than their neighboring odd-numbered Re n clusters (beside n = 11). Simultaneously, the calculated HOMO-LUMO gaps of Re n (n = 6–16) display an oscillatory feature at large-sized Ren clusters. From the calculatedmore » magnetic moments and growth behaviors of Rhenium clusters, the magnetic Re 6 unit can be seen as the building block for the novel magnetic cluster-assembled nanomaterial. Such calculated results are in good agreement with the available experimental measurements.« less

Computational investigation on the structures and electronic properties of the nanosized rhenium clusters

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhao, Run -Ning; Chen, Rui; Yuan, Yan -Hong

Here, the stable equilibrium geometries, relative stabilities, and electronic and magnetic characteristics of Re n (n = 2–16) clusters were investigated by density functional theory method. The calculated fragmentation energies and second-order differences of energies exhibited interestingly that the stabilities of Re n (n = 2–16) clusters show a dramatic odd-even alternative behavior of the cluster size n: with the even-numbered Ren clusters being obviously more stable than their neighboring odd-numbered Re n clusters (beside n = 11). Simultaneously, the calculated HOMO-LUMO gaps of Re n (n = 6–16) display an oscillatory feature at large-sized Ren clusters. From the calculatedmore » magnetic moments and growth behaviors of Rhenium clusters, the magnetic Re 6 unit can be seen as the building block for the novel magnetic cluster-assembled nanomaterial. Such calculated results are in good agreement with the available experimental measurements.« less

A Distinct Magnetic Isotope Effect Measured in Atmospheric Mercury in Epiphytes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghosh, S.; Odom, A. L.

2007-12-01

Due to the importance of Mercury as an environmental contaminant, mercury cycling in the atmosphere has been extensively studied. However, there still remain uncertainties in the relative amounts of natural and anthropogenic emissions, atmospheric deposition rates as well as the spatial variation of atmospheric mercury. Part of a study to determine the isotopic composition of mercury deposited from the atmosphere has involved the use of epiphytes as monitors. The greatest advantage of such natural monitors is that a widespread, high-density network is possible at low cost. One of the disadvantages at present is that these monitors likely contain different mercury species (for example both gaseous, elemental mercury trapped by adsorption and Hg (II) by wet deposition). The project began with the understanding that biochemical reactions involving metallothioneins within the epiphytes might have produced an isotopic effect. One such regional network was composed of samples of Tillandsia usenoides (common name: Spanish moss) collected along the eastern Coastal Plain of the U.S. from northern Florida to North Carolina. The isotopic composition of a sample is expressed as permil deviations from a standard. The deviations are defined as δAHg = \\left(\\frac{Rsample}{Rstd}-1 \\right)1000 ‰ , where A represents the atomic mass number. R=\\frac{AHg}{202Hg} were measured for the isotopes 198Hg, 199Hg, 200Hg, 201Hg, 202Hg and 204Hg relative to the mercury standard SRM NIST 3133, by a standard-sample bracketing technique. For all samples, the delta values of the even-N plotted against atomic mass numbers define a linear curve. For the odd-N isotopes, δ199Hg and δ201Hg deviate from this mass-dependent fractionation (MDF) relationship and indicate a mass-independent fractionation (MIF) effect and a negative anomaly, i.e. a depletion in 199Hg and 201Hg relative to the even-N isotopes. These deviations are expressed as Δ199Hg = δ199Hgtotal - δ199HgMDF. A Δ201Hg/Δ199Hg ratio of 1.11 is predicted by isotope fractionation due to the Magnetic Isotope Effect (MIE), because 1.11 is the ratio of the magnetic moments of the two odd-N isotopes. A plot of Δ199Hg versus Δ201Hg values obtained reveals a striking pattern. All samples plot well within analytical uncertainly along a straight line passing through zero and having a slope of 1.11. Based on thermodynamic principles, some have argued that nuclear spin effects are quite insignificant in producing isotopic fractionation. However the MIE is a kinetic one in which those isotopes with non-zero magnetic moments effect the rates of recombination of free radical pairs by nuclear-electron hyperfine interaction and can become enriched or depleted in either reactants or products. In the samples studied here, the nuclear spin is far more important than either nuclear mass or nuclear volume in effecting isotopic fractionation of Mercury.

Outbreeding depression in hybrids between odd-and even-broodyear pink salmon

USGS Publications Warehouse

Gharrett, A.J.; Smoker, W.W.; Reisenbichler, R.R.; Taylor, S.G.

1999-01-01

Fewer F2 hybrids between even- and odd-broodline pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), which are lines that are genetically isolated by their strict two-year life cycle, survived than did F2 controls, indicating outbreeding depression. Cryopreserved sperm of 40 broodyear 1990 males and of 40 broodyear 1991 males fertilized equal subsamples of eggs from 40 broodyear 1992 females. Return rates of F1 hybrids (1.73%) and controls (1.63%) in 1994 did not differ significantly (P=0.30). F2 hybrid and control crosses were made from 40 males and 40 females selected at random from each return group. Offspring were differentially marked and released. In 1996, returns differed significantly (P=0.011) between hybrids (n=34, 0.34%) and controls (n=44, 0.42%). The low rate of return of the control fish was similar to the measured return of a much larger group of tagged Auke Creek pink salmon, and probably not an artifact of the experiment. Although no increase in fluctuating asymmetry of paired meristic counts was observed in either F1or F2 hybrids, size and some meristic counts of hybrids exceed measurements of controls, suggesting heterosis for those traits. The observations of decreased survival in F2 hybrids confirm previous work [Gharrett, A.J., Smoker, W.W., 1991. Two generations of hybrids between even- and odd-year pink salmon (O. gorbuscha). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 48(9) 1744–1749]. Although genetic divergence between pink salmon broodlines is large and outbreeding depression might be expected in such unlikely hybrids, the results document the occurrence of outbreeding depression in salmon and signal caution in making management and aquacultural decisions that may create the possibility of outbreeding depression in self-sustaining or cultured populations.

Effect of Thermal Maturation on n-alkanes and Kerogen in Preserved Organic Matter: Implications for Paleoenvironment Biomarkers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Craven, O. D.; Longbottom, T. L.; Hockaday, W. C.; Blackaby, E.

2017-12-01

Understanding the effects of maturity on biomarkers is vital in assessing biomarker reliability in mature sediments. It is well known for n-alkanes that increased maturity shortens chain lengths and decreases the odd over even preference however, the amount of change in these variables has not been determined for different maturities and types of preserved organic matter. For this reason, it is difficult to judge the trustworthiness of even lightly matured samples for paleoenvironment reconstruction. Another complication is the difficulty of accurately determining maturity as many maturity indicators are error-prone or not appropriate at low maturities. Using hydrous pyrolysis, we artificially matured black shale samples with type I (lacustrine) and type II (marine) kerogen to measure changes in n-alkane length and odd over even preference. Whole rock samples underwent hydrous pyrolysis for 72 hours, at 250 °C, 300 °C, 325 °C, 350 °C, and 375 °C to cover a wide maturity range. From the immature and artificially matured samples, the bitumen was extracted and the saturate fraction was separated using column chromatography. The saturate fraction was analyzed for n-alkanes using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Kerogen structural changes were also measured using solid-state 13C NMR to relate changes in n-alkane biomarkers to changes in kerogen structure. Results show that for type I bitumen the n-alkanes did not change at low maturities considered premature in terms of oil generation (<325 °C). The NMR spectra of the type I kerogen support the lack of change, at low maturities no changes in the aliphatic portion (Fal) were observed, however, after 325 °C Fal decreased with increasing maturity. The loss of Fal indicates kerogen contributing hydrocarbons to bitumen that cause changes in n-alkane measurements. The type II kerogen's Fal also decreased with increasing maturity, but unlike the type I kerogen Fal loss started at low maturities. The differences between the matured type I and II organic matter indicate that organic matter type affects when n-alkane measurements change due to maturity. Additionally, the kerogen carbonyl functional group (FaC) decreases greatly from immature to low maturities, leveling off between 300 °C and 325 °C, allowing FaC to be a tool for determining low maturities.

5 CFR Appendix B to Subpart B of... - Nationwide Schedule of Nonappropriated Fund Regular Wage Surveys

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...-Elmore July Odd. Illinois Lake April Even. St. Clair April Even. Kansas Leavenworth-Jackson-Johnson April...-San Juan February Even. Rhode Island Newport July Even. South Carolina Charleston February Even...

[The meaning of erection, genitality, and other representations of urologic topics in the paleolithic imaginary].

PubMed

Angulo Cuesta, Javier; García Díez, Marcos

2007-10-01

The history of urology starts with written documents making express reference to procedures, practices and descriptions of morbid processes related with the male genitourinary tract. Oddly, the most recent prehistoric period, the superior Paleolithic (from approximately 40.000 years to 12.000 years ago; the longest period since our species entered the history of humanity) also has graphic documents expressing how the human being understood the physiologic phenomena and how he observed the pathologic processes of this organism. The representations with genitality expressions enable us to understand the meaning of erection from the Paleolithic perspective, and even the possible existence of a culture based on preputial retraction or rituals of circumcision. Several urologic disorders such us phimosis, paraphimosis, discharge, priapism, and even scrotal mass appear represented at that time and constitute the first sign of knowledge of what can be called primitive urologic knowledge.

Supersymmetric Dirac Born Infeld action with self-dual mass term

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nishino, Hitoshi; Rajpoot, Subhash; Reed, Kevin

2005-05-01

We introduce a Dirac Born Infeld action to a self-dual N = 1 supersymmetric vector multiplet in three dimensions. This action is based on the supersymmetric generalized self-duality in odd dimensions developed originally by Townsend, Pilch and van Nieuwenhuizen. Even though such a self-duality had been supposed to be very difficult to generalize to a supersymmetrically interacting system, we show that the Dirac Born Infeld action is actually compatible with supersymmetry and self-duality in three dimensions, even though the original self-duality receives corrections by the Dirac Born Infeld action. The interactions can be further generalized to arbitrary (non)polynomial interactions. As a by-product, we also show that a third-rank field strength leads to a more natural formulation of self-duality in 3D. We also show an interesting role played by the third-rank field strength leading to supersymmetry breaking, in addition to accommodating a Chern Simons form.

Integrability of the odd eight-vertex model with symmetric weights

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martins, M. J.

2018-06-01

In this paper we investigate the integrability properties of a two-state vertex model on the square lattice whose microstates at a vertex always have an odd number of incoming or outcoming arrows. This model was named the odd eight-vertex model by Wu and Kunz (2004 J. Stat. Phys. 116 67) to distinguish it from the well-known eight-vertex model possessing an even number of arrow orientations at each vertex. When the energy weights are invariant under arrow inversion we show that the integrable manifold of the odd eight-vertex model coincides with that of the even eight-vertex model. The form of the -matrix for the odd eight-vertex model is however not the same as that of the respective Lax operator. Altogether we find that these eight-vertex models give rise to a generic sheaf of -matrices satisfying the Yang–Baxter equations resembling intertwiner relations associated to equidimensional representations.

Higher (odd) dimensional quantum Hall effect and extended dimensional hierarchy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hasebe, Kazuki

2017-07-01

We demonstrate dimensional ladder of higher dimensional quantum Hall effects by exploiting quantum Hall effects on arbitrary odd dimensional spheres. Non-relativistic and relativistic Landau models are analyzed on S 2 k - 1 in the SO (2 k - 1) monopole background. The total sub-band degeneracy of the odd dimensional lowest Landau level is shown to be equal to the winding number from the base-manifold S 2 k - 1 to the one-dimension higher SO (2 k) gauge group. Based on the chiral Hopf maps, we clarify the underlying quantum Nambu geometry for odd dimensional quantum Hall effect and the resulting quantum geometry is naturally embedded also in one-dimension higher quantum geometry. An origin of such dimensional ladder connecting even and odd dimensional quantum Hall effects is illuminated from a viewpoint of the spectral flow of Atiyah-Patodi-Singer index theorem in differential topology. We also present a BF topological field theory as an effective field theory in which membranes with different dimensions undergo non-trivial linking in odd dimensional space. Finally, an extended version of the dimensional hierarchy for higher dimensional quantum Hall liquids is proposed, and its relationship to quantum anomaly and D-brane physics is discussed.

A test for correction made to spin systematics for coupled band in doubly-odd nuclei

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kumar, Vinod, E-mail: vinod2.k2@gmail.com

2015-12-15

Systematic Spin Assignments were generally made by using the argument that the energy of levels is a function of neutron number. In the present systematics, the excitation energy of the levels incorporated the effect of nuclear deformation and signature splitting. The nuclear deformation changes toward the mid-shell, therefore a smooth variation in the excitation energy of the levels is observed towards the mid-shell, that intended to make systematics as a function of neutron number towards the mid-shell. Another term “signature splitting” that push the energy of levels for odd- and even-spin sequences up and down, caused the different energy variationmore » pattern for odd- and even-spin sequences. The corrections made in the spin systematics were tested for the known spins of various isotopic chain. In addition, the inconsistency in spin assignments made by the spin systematics and other methods of the configuration πh{sub 11/2} ⊗ νh{sub 11/2} band belonging to {sup 112,114,116}Cs, {sup 126}Pr, and {sup 138}Pr, as an example, was resolved by the correctionmade in the present spin systematics.« less

Where Is the Sun at Sunset?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Puri, Avi

2016-01-01

The question in the title above is exploited to analyse the relationship between different astronomical models and frames of reference. The paper highlights the fact that the geostatic model, the favoured model in ordinary discourse, even that of scientists, is at odds with two cherished principles, that of the rectilinear propagation of light,…

5 CFR Appendix B to Subpart B of... - Nationwide Schedule of Nonappropriated Fund Regular Wage Surveys

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Lake April Even. St. Clair April Even. Kansas Leavenworth-Jackson-Johnson April Even. Sedgwick April.... Montgomery August Odd. York May Even. Puerto Rico Guaynabo-San Juan February Even. Rhode Island Newport July...

How might Model-based Probabilities Extracted from Imperfect Models Guide Rational Decisions: The Case for non-probabilistic odds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smith, Leonard A.

2010-05-01

This contribution concerns "deep" or "second-order" uncertainty, such as the uncertainty in our probability forecasts themselves. It asks the question: "Is it rational to take (or offer) bets using model-based probabilities as if they were objective probabilities?" If not, what alternative approaches for determining odds, perhaps non-probabilistic odds, might prove useful in practice, given the fact we know our models are imperfect? We consider the case where the aim is to provide sustainable odds: not to produce a profit but merely to rationally expect to break even in the long run. In other words, to run a quantified risk of ruin that is relatively small. Thus the cooperative insurance schemes of coastal villages provide a more appropriate parallel than a casino. A "better" probability forecast would lead to lower premiums charged and less volatile fluctuations in the cash reserves of the village. Note that the Bayesian paradigm does not constrain one to interpret model distributions as subjective probabilities, unless one believes the model to be empirically adequate for the task at hand. In geophysics, this is rarely the case. When a probability forecast is interpreted as the objective probability of an event, the odds on that event can be easily computed as one divided by the probability of the event, and one need not favour taking either side of the wager. (Here we are using "odds-for" not "odds-to", the difference being whether of not the stake is returned; odds of one to one are equivalent to odds of two for one.) The critical question is how to compute sustainable odds based on information from imperfect models. We suggest that this breaks the symmetry between the odds-on an event and the odds-against it. While a probability distribution can always be translated into odds, interpreting the odds on a set of events might result in "implied-probabilities" that sum to more than one. And/or the set of odds may be incomplete, not covering all events. We ask whether or not probabilities based on imperfect models can be expected to yield probabilistic odds which are sustainable. Evidence is provided that suggest this is not the case. Even with very good models (good in an Root-Mean-Square sense), the risk of ruin of probabilistic odds is significantly higher than might be expected. Methods for constructing model-based non-probabilistic odds which are sustainable are discussed. The aim here is to be relevant to real world decision support, and so unrealistic assumptions of equal knowledge, equal compute power, or equal access to information are to be avoided. Finally, the use of non-probabilistic odds as a method for communicating deep uncertainty (uncertainty in a probability forecast itself) is discussed in the context of other methods, such as stating one's subjective probability that the models will prove inadequate in each particular instance (that is, the Probability of a "Big Surprise").

Symbolic Dynamics and Grammatical Complexity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hao, Bai-Lin; Zheng, Wei-Mou

The following sections are included: * Formal Languages and Their Complexity * Formal Language * Chomsky Hierarchy of Grammatical Complexity * The L-System * Regular Language and Finite Automaton * Finite Automaton * Regular Language * Stefan Matrix as Transfer Function for Automaton * Beyond Regular Languages * Feigenbaum and Generalized Feigenbaum Limiting Sets * Even and Odd Fibonacci Sequences * Odd Maximal Primitive Prefixes and Kneading Map * Even Maximal Primitive Prefixes and Distinct Excluded Blocks * Summary of Results

VizieR Online Data Catalog: Silicon isoelectronic sequence data (Jonsson+, 2016)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jonsson, P.; Radziute, L.; Gaigalas, G.; Godefroid, M. R.; Marques, J. P.; Brage, T.; Froese Fischer, C.; Grant, I. P.

2015-11-01

Calculations were performed for the five states belonging to the 3s23p2 even configuration and the 22 states belonging to the 3s3p3 and 3s23p3d odd configurations. The calculations were made by parity, meaning that the even and odd states were determined in separate calculations in the EOL scheme. (3 data files).

Self-consistent description of the SHFB equations for 112Sn

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghafouri, M.; Sadeghi, H.; Torkiha, M.

2018-03-01

The Hartree-Fock (HF) method is an excellent approximation of the closed shell magic nuclei. Pair correlation is essential for the description of open shell nuclei and has been derived for even-even, odd-odd and even-odd nuclei. These effects are reported by Hartree-Fock with BCS (HFBCS) or Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov (HFB). These issues have been investigated, especially in the nuclear charts, and such studies have been compared with the observed information. We compute observations such as total binding energy, charge radius, densities, separation energies, pairing gaps and potential energy surfaces for neutrons and protons, and compare them with experimental data and the result of the spherical codes. In spherical even-even neutron-rich nuclei are considered in the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov (SHFB) method with density-dependent pairing interaction. Zero-range density-dependent interactions is used in the pairing channel. We solve SHF or SHFB equations in the spatial coordinates with spherical symmetry for tin isotopes such as 112Sn. The numerical accuracy of solving equations in the coordinate space is much greater than the fundamental extensions, which yields almost precise results.

Body mass index and mobility limitations: An analysis of middle-aged and older Black, Hispanic, and White women in the U.S.

PubMed

Sharma, Andy

2018-06-16

While the Body Mass Index (BMI) did not change significantly for men from 2005 to 2014 in the United States, women exhibited an upward linear trend. Hispanic and Black women, in particular, showed a dramatic increase. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the association between BMI and mobility limitations for non-institutionalised middle-aged and older Black, Hispanic, and White women. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health model was applied to a sample of 2865 Black, 1846 Hispanic, and 9721 White women categorised as middle-aged and older (i.e., at least 50 years of age) from the 2010 and 2014 Rand Health and Retirement Study. A random effects ordered logit was employed. After accounting for personal/activity characteristics, the analyses revealed Black women with greater BMI were associated with a higher likelihood for mobility limitations with an odds ratio of 1.11 [1.06-1.16, 95% CI]. A significant association was also found for Hispanic women with an odds ratio of 1.16 [1.11-1.23, 95% CI] and White women with an odds ratio of 1.16 [1.13-1.19, 95% CI]. Even after accounting for the possibility of endogeneity, BMI remained robust. Higher-levels of BMI were associated with an increased probability for mobility limitations for Black, Hispanic, and White middle-aged and older women. Those with a vigorous exercise regimen were less likely to be in this category across all ranges of BMI. These results are useful for prioritising minority health policy, particularly given the limited amount of existing research in this specific area. Copyright © 2018 Asia Oceania Association for the Study of Obesity. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

CP Violation in Unpolarized e+e-→ Charginos at One-Loop Level

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Osland, P.; Vereshagin, A.

2007-08-01

We study CP violation in e+e-→χ˜i+χ˜j- in the framework of the minimal supersymmetric standard model. Though the cross section of this process is CP-even at the tree level even for polarized electron-positron beams, we show that it contains a CP-odd part at one-loop order and there are CP-odd observables that can in principle be measured even using unpolarized electron-positron beams. The relevant diagram calculations are briefly discussed, and the results of selected (box) diagram computations are shown.

Discovery of 72Rb: A Nuclear Sandbank Beyond the Proton Drip Line

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suzuki, H.; Sinclair, L.; Söderström, P.-A.; Lorusso, G.; Davies, P.; Ferreira, L. S.; Maglione, E.; Wadsworth, R.; Wu, J.; Xu, Z. Y.; Nishimura, S.; Doornenbal, P.; Ahn, D. S.; Browne, F.; Fukuda, N.; Inabe, N.; Kubo, T.; Lubos, D.; Patel, Z.; Rice, S.; Shimizu, Y.; Takeda, H.; Baba, H.; Estrade, A.; Fang, Y.; Henderson, J.; Isobe, T.; Jenkins, D.; Kubono, S.; Li, Z.; Nishizuka, I.; Sakurai, H.; Schury, P.; Sumikama, T.; Watanabe, H.; Werner, V.

2017-11-01

In this Letter, the observation of two previously unknown isotopes is presented for the first time: 72Rb with 14 observed events and 77Zr with one observed event. From the nonobservation of the less proton-rich nucleus 73Rb, we derive an upper limit for the ground-state half-life of 81 ns, consistent with the previous upper limit of 30 ns. For 72Rb, we have measured a half-life of 103(22) ns. This observation of a relatively long-lived odd-odd nucleus, 72Rb, with a less exotic odd-even neighbor, 73Rb, being unbound shows the diffuseness of the proton drip line and the possibility of sandbanks to exist beyond it. The 72Rb half-life is consistent with a 5+→5 /2- proton decay with an energy of 800-900 keV, in agreement with the atomic mass evaluation proton-separation energy as well as results from the finite-range droplet model and shell model calculations using the GXPF1A interaction. However, we cannot explicitly exclude the possibility of a proton transition between 9+(72Rb)→9 /2+ (71Kr) isomeric states with a broken mirror symmetry. These results imply that 72Kr is a strong waiting point in x-ray burst r p -process scenarios.

Design of parity generator and checker circuit using electro-optic effect of Mach-Zehnder interferometers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, Santosh; Chanderkanta; Amphawan, Angela

2016-04-01

Parity is an extra bit which is used to add in digital information to detect error at the receiver end. It can be even and odd parity. In case of even parity, the number of one's will be even included the parity and reverse in the case of odd parity. The circuit which is used to generate the parity at the transmitter side, called the parity generator and the circuit which is used to detect the parity at receiver side is called as parity checker. In this paper, an even and odd parity generator and checker circuits are designed using electro-optic effect inside lithium niobate based Mach-Zehnder Interferometers (MZIs). The MZIs structures collectively show powerful capability in switching an input optical signal to a desired output port from a collection of output ports. The paper constitutes a mathematical description of the proposed device and thereafter simulation using MATLAB. The study is verified using beam propagation method (BPM).

Sustainable Odds: Towards Quantitative Decision Support when Relevant Probabilities are not Available

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smith, L. A.

2012-04-01

There is, at present, no attractive foundation for quantitative probabilistic decision support in the face of model inadequacy, or given ambiguity (deep uncertainty) regarding the relative likelihood of various outcomes, known or unknown. True model error arguably precludes the extraction of objective probabilities from an ensemble of model runs drawn from an available (inadequate) model class, while the acknowledgement of incomplete understanding precludes the justified use of (if not the very formation of) an individual's subjective probabilities. An alternative approach based on Sustainable Odds is proposed and investigated. Sustainable Odds differ from "fair odds" (and are easily distinguished any claim which implying well defined probabilities) as the probabilities implied by sustainable odds summed over all outcomes is expected to exceed one. Traditionally, a person's fair odds are found by identifying the probability level at which one would happily accept either side of a bet, thus the probabilities implied by fair odds always sum to one. Knowing that one has incomplete information and perhaps even erroneous beliefs, there is no compelling reason a rational agent should accept the constraint implied by "fair odds" in any bet. Rather, a rational agent might insist on longer odds both on the event and against the event in order to account for acknowledged ignorance. Let probabilistic odds imply any set of odds for which the implied probabilities sum to one; once model error is acknowledged can one rationally demand non-probabilistic odds? The danger of using fair odds (or probabilities) in decision making is illustrated by considering the risk of ruin a cooperative insurance scheme using probabilistic odds is exposed to. Cases where knowing merely that the insurer's model is imperfect, and nothing else, is sufficient to place bets which drive the insurer to an unexpectedly early ruin are presented. Methodologies which allow the insurer to avoid this early ruin are explored; those which prevent early ruin are said to provide "sustainable odds", and it is suggested that these must be non-probabilistic. The aim here is not for the insurance cooperative to make a profit in the long run (or to form a book in any one round) but rather to increase the chance that the cooperative will not go bust, merely breaking even in the long run and thereby continuing to provide a service. In the perfect model scenario, with complete knowledge of all uncertainties and unlimited computational resources, fair odds may prove to be sustainable. The implications these results hold in the case of games against nature, which is perhaps a more relevant context for decision makers concerned with geophysical systems, are discussed. The claim that acknowledged model error makes fair (probabilistic) odds an irrational aim is considered, as are the challenges of working within the framework of sustainable (but non-probabilistic) odds.

43 CFR 2652.3 - Selection limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... townships in even-numbered ranges and only odd-numbered townships in odd-numbered ranges. (b) Village... township, the regional corporation shall select all available lands in that township: Provided, That such...

Antiresonance and decoupling in electronic transport through parallel-coupled quantum-dot structures with laterally-coupled Majorana zero modes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Ya-Jing; Zhang, Lian-Lian; Jiang, Cui; Gong, Wei-Jiang

2018-02-01

We theoretically investigate the electronic transport through a parallel-coupled multi-quantum-dot system, in which the terminal dots of a one-dimensional quantum-dot chain are embodied in the two arms of an Aharonov-Bohm interferometer. It is found that in the structures of odd(even) dots, all their even(odd) molecular states have opportunities to decouple from the leads, and in this process antiresonance occurs which are accordant with the odd(even)-numbered eigenenergies of the sub-molecule without terminal dots. Next when Majorana zero modes are introduced to couple laterally to the terminal dots, the antiresonance and decoupling phenomena still co-exist in the quantum transport process. Such a result can be helpful in understanding the special influence of Majorana zero mode on the electronic transport through quantum-dot systems.

VizieR Online Data Catalog: Ba V, Ba VI, and Ba VII oscillator strengths (Rauch+, 2014)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rauch, T.; Werner, K.; Quinet, P.; Kruk, J. W.

2014-04-01

table1.dat contains calculated HFR oscillator strengths (loggf) and transition probabilities (gA, in 1/s) in Ba V. CF is the cancellation factor as defined by Cowan (1981). In columns 3 and 6, e is written for even and o for odd. table2.dat contains calculated HFR oscillator strengths (loggf) and transition probabilities (gA, in 1/s) in Ba VI. CF is the cancellation factor as defined by Cowan (1981). In columns 3 and 6, e is written for even and o for odd. table3.dat contains calculated HFR oscillator strengths (loggf) and transition probabilities (gA, in 1/s) in Ba VII. CF is the cancellation factor as defined by Cowan (1981). In columns 3 and 6, e is written for even and o for odd. (3 data files).

Pedestal-to-Wall 3D Fluid Transport Simulations on DIII-D

DOE PAGES

Lore, Jeremy D.; Wolfmeister, Alexis Briesemeister; Ferraro, Nathaniel M.; ...

2017-03-30

The 3D fluid-plasma edge transport code EMC3-EIRENE is used to test several magnetic field models with and without plasma response against DIII-D experimental data for even and odd-parity n=3 magnetic field perturbations. The field models include ideal and extended MHD equilibria, and the vacuum approximation. Plasma response is required to reduce the stochasticity in the pedestal region for even-parity fields, however too much screening suppresses the measured splitting of the downstream T e profile. Odd-parity perturbations result in weak tearing and only small additional peaks in the downstream measurements. In this case plasma response is required to increase the sizemore » of the lobe structure. Finally, no single model is able to simultaneously reproduce the upstream and downstream characteristics for both odd and even-parity perturbations.« less

Perturbative Power Counting, Lowest-Index Operators and Their Renormalization in Standard Model Effective Field Theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liao, Yi; Ma, Xiao-Dong

2018-03-01

We study two aspects of higher dimensional operators in standard model effective field theory. We first introduce a perturbative power counting rule for the entries in the anomalous dimension matrix of operators with equal mass dimension. The power counting is determined by the number of loops and the difference of the indices of the two operators involved, which in turn is defined by assuming that all terms in the standard model Lagrangian have an equal perturbative power. Then we show that the operators with the lowest index are unique at each mass dimension d, i.e., (H † H) d/2 for even d ≥ 4, and (LT∈ H)C(LT∈ H) T (H † H)(d-5)/2 for odd d ≥ 5. Here H, L are the Higgs and lepton doublet, and ∈, C the antisymmetric matrix of rank two and the charge conjugation matrix, respectively. The renormalization group running of these operators can be studied separately from other operators of equal mass dimension at the leading order in power counting. We compute their anomalous dimensions at one loop for general d and find that they are enhanced quadratically in d due to combinatorics. We also make connections with classification of operators in terms of their holomorphic and anti-holomorphic weights. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 11025525, 11575089, and by the CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics (CCEPP)

Mass predictions from the Garvey-Kelson mass relations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jaenecke, J.; Masson, P.J.

Part A: The transverse Garvey-Kelson mass relation represents a homogeneous third-order partial difference equation. Procedures are described for estimating masses of nuclei with Ngreater than or equal toZ from the most general solution of this difference equation subject to a chi/sup 2/ minimization, using the recent atomic mass adjustment of Wapstra, Audi, and Hoekstra as a boundary condition. A judicious division of the input data in subsets of neutron-rich and proton-rich nuclei had to be introduced to reduce systematic errors in long-range extrapolations. Approximately 5600 mass-excess values for nuclei with 2less than or equal toZless than or equal to103, 4lessmore » than or equal toNless than or equal to157, and Ngreater than or equal toZ (except N = Z odd for A<40) have been calculated. The standard deviation for reproducing the known mass-excess values is sigma/sub m/approx. =103 keV.« less

Testing bidirectional associations among emotion regulation strategies and substance use: a daily diary study.

PubMed

Weiss, Nicole H; Bold, Krysten W; Sullivan, Tami P; Armeli, Stephen; Tennen, Howard

2017-04-01

Alcohol and marijuana are widely used among college students. Emotion regulation strategies have been linked to alcohol and marijuana use, but little attention has been devoted to modeling the directionality of these associations. The aims of the current study were to test whether (a) daytime use of emotion regulation strategies influences the likelihood of evening substance use and (b) evening substance use influences the likelihood of next-day use of emotion regulation strategies. Longitudinal daily diary data were collected for 30 days via on-line surveys. Northeastern United States. A total of 1640 college students (mean age = 19.2 years, 54% female, 80% European American) were recruited each semester between Spring 2008 and Spring 2012. Daily diaries assessed emotion regulation strategies (distraction, reappraisal, problem-solving, avoidance) and substance use (any drinking, heavy drinking, marijuana use, co-use of any drinking/heavy drinking and marijuana). Covariates included gender, age, race/ethnicity, fraternity/sorority involvement and baseline depression. Daytime distraction [odds ratio (OR) = 0.95], reappraisal (OR = 0.95) and problem-solving (OR = 0.94) predicted lower odds of evening marijuana use (P-values < 0.02). Evening heavy drinking (OR = 0.90) and marijuana use (OR = 0.89) predicted lower odds of next-day problem-solving, with heavy drinking also predicting higher odds (OR = 1.08) of next-day avoidance and marijuana use also predicting higher odds (OR = 1.08) of next-day reappraisal (P-values < 0.03). There appear to be reciprocal relations among emotion regulation strategies and substance use: greater daytime use of distraction, reappraisal, and problem solving predicts lower evening substance use, while higher evening substance use predicts higher next-day avoidance and reappraisal but lower next-day problem-solving. © 2016 Society for the Study of Addiction.

Odd-even effect on the formation of aqueous biphasic systems formed by 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquids and salts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Belchior, Diana C. V.; Sintra, Tânia E.; Carvalho, Pedro J.; Soromenho, Mário R. C.; Esperança, José M. S. S.; Ventura, Sónia P. M.; Rogers, Robin D.; Coutinho, João A. P.; Freire, Mara G.

2018-05-01

This work provides a comprehensive evaluation of the effect of the cation alkyl side chain length of the 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride series ([CnC1im]Cl, n = 2-14) of ionic liquids (ILs) on their capability to form aqueous biphasic systems (ABSs) with salts and self-aggregation derived properties. The liquid-liquid phase behavior of ternary systems composed of [CnC1im]Cl, water, and K3PO4 or K2CO3 and the respective Setschenow salting-out coefficients (ks), a quantitative measure of the two-phase formation ability, were determined. An odd-even effect in the ks values along the number of methylene groups of the longest IL cation alkyl side chain was identified for the ABS formed by K2CO3, a weaker salting-out agent where the phenomenon is clearly identified. In general, cations with even alkyl side chains, being likely to display higher molar volumes, are more easily salted-out and thus more prone to undergo phase separation. The odd-even effect in the ks values is, however, more significant in ILs up to n = 6, where the nanostructuration/nanosegregation of ILs plays a less relevant role. Still, with the [CnC1im]Cl (n = 7-14) series of ILs, an odd-even effect was also identified in the ILs' ionization degree, molar conductivity, and conductivity at infinite dilution. In summary, it is shown here that the ILs' odd-even effect occurs in IL aqueous solutions and not just in neat ILs, an already well-established phenomenon occurring in a series of ILs' properties described as a result of the orientation of the terminal methyl groups to the imidazolium ring cation and consequent effect in the ILs' cohesive energy.

Semiclassical unified description of wobbling motion in even-even and even-odd nuclei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Raduta, A. A.; Poenaru, R.; Ixaru, L. Gr.

2017-11-01

A unitary description for wobbling motion in even-even and even-odd nuclei is presented. In both cases compact formulas for wobbling frequencies are derived. The accuracy of the harmonic approximation is studied for the yrast as well as for the excited bands in the even-even case. Important results for the structure of the wave function and its behavior inside the two wells of the potential energy function corresponding to the Bargmann representation are pointed out. Applications to 158Er and 163Lu reveal a very good agreement with available data. Indeed, the yrast energy levels in the even-even case and the first four triaxial superdeformed bands, TSD1, TSD2, TSD3, and TSD4, are realistically described. Also, the results agree with the data for the E 2 and M 1 intra- as well as interband transitions. Perspectives for the formalism development and an extensive application to several nuclei from various regions of the nuclides chart are presented.

Hybrid polyketide synthases

DOEpatents

Fortman, Jeffrey L.; Hagen, Andrew; Katz, Leonard; Keasling, Jay D.; Poust, Sean; Zhang, Jingwei; Zotchev, Sergey

2016-05-10

The present invention provides for a polyketide synthase (PKS) capable of synthesizing an even-chain or odd-chain diacid or lactam or diamine. The present invention also provides for a host cell comprising the PKS and when cultured produces the even-chain diacid, odd-chain diacid, or KAPA. The present invention also provides for a host cell comprising the PKS capable of synthesizing a pimelic acid or KAPA, and when cultured produces biotin.

Topological Quantum Entanglement

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-02-19

quantum Hall (FQH) state – the most likely FQH state to host such quasiparticles – is the so-called even-odd effect predicted for quantum interference...interferometer, in which case the oscillations result from the interference of (fractionalized) edge quasiparticles taking two possible paths, or the...even and odd numbers of charge e/4 quasiparticles enclosed within the loop as a function of side gate voltage, which is a clear signature of a non

Multiloop amplitudes of light-cone gauge superstring field theory: odd spin structure contributions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ishibashi, Nobuyuki; Murakami, Koichi

2018-03-01

We study the odd spin structure contributions to the multiloop amplitudes of light-cone gauge superstring field theory. We show that they coincide with the amplitudes in the conformal gauge with two of the vertex operators chosen to be in the pictures different from the standard choice, namely (-1, -1) picture in the type II case and -1 picture in the heterotic case. We also show that the contact term divergences can be regularized in the same way as in the amplitudes for the even structures and we get the amplitudes which coincide with those obtained from the first-quantized approach.

Systematic shell-model study of β -decay properties and Gamow-Teller strength distributions in A ≈40 neutron-rich nuclei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yoshida, Sota; Utsuno, Yutaka; Shimizu, Noritaka; Otsuka, Takaharu

2018-05-01

We perform large-scale shell-model calculations of β -decay properties for neutron-rich nuclei with 13 ≤Z ≤18 and 22 ≤N ≤34 , taking the first-forbidden transitions into account. The natural-parity and unnatural-parity states are calculated in the 0 ℏ ω and 1 ℏ ω model spaces, respectively, within the full s d +p f +s d g valence shell. The calculated β -decay half-lives and β -delayed neutron emission probabilities show good agreement with the experimental data. The first-forbidden transitions make a non-negligible contribution to the half-lives of N ≳28 nuclei. The low-lying Gamow-Teller strengths of even-even nuclei are considerably larger than those of the neighboring odd-A and odd-odd nuclei, strongly affecting the half-lives and neutron emission probabilities. It is shown that this even-odd effect is caused by the Jπ=1+ proton-neutron pairing interaction. We derive a formula to represent the positions of the Gamow-Teller giant resonances from the calculated strength distributions.

POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS WITH STRAIGHT EDGES AND THE 7.6/6.2 AND 8.6/6.2 INTENSITY RATIOS IN REFLECTION NEBULAE.

PubMed

Ricca, Alessandra; Bauschlicher, Charles W; Roser, Joseph E; Peeters, Els

2018-01-01

We have investigated the mid-infrared spectral characteristics of a series of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with straight edges and containing an even or odd number of carbons using density functional theory (DFT). For several even and odd-carbon PAHs, the 8.6/6.2 and 7.6/6.2 intensity ratios computed in emission after the absorption of a 8 eV photon match the observed ratios obtained for three reflection nebulae (RNe), namely NGC 1333, NGC 7023, and NGC 2023. Odd-carbon PAHs are favored, particularly for NGC 1333. Both cations and anions are present with the cations being predominant. Relevant PAHs span sizes ranging from 46 to 103-113 carbons for NGC 7023 and NGC 2023 and from 38 to 127 carbons for NGC 1333 and have symmetries ranging from D 2 h to C s . Our work suggests that even and odd-carbon PAHs with straight edges are viable candidates for the PAH emission seen towards irradiated Photo-Dissociation Regions (PDRs).

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Straight Edges and the 7.6/6.2 and 8.6/6.2 Intensity Ratios in Reflection Nebulae

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ricca, Alessandra; Bauschlicher, Charles W., Jr.; Roser, Joseph E.; Peeters, Els

2018-02-01

Using density functional theory, we have investigated the mid-infrared spectral characteristics of a series of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that have straight edges and that contain an even or odd number of carbons. For several even and odd-carbon PAHs, the 8.6/6.2 and 7.6/6.2 intensity ratios computed in emission after the absorption of a 8 eV photon match the observed ratios obtained for three reflection nebulae (RNe), namely NGC 1333, NGC 7023, and NGC 2023. Odd-carbon PAHs are favored, particularly for NGC 1333. Both cations and anions are present, with the cations being predominant. Relevant PAHs span sizes ranging from 46 to 113 carbons for NGC 7023 and NGC 2023 and from 38 to 127 carbons for NGC 1333, and have symmetries ranging from D2h to C s . Our work suggests that even- and odd-carbon PAHs with straight edges are viable candidates for the PAH emission seen toward irradiated photodissociation regions.

Prevalence and Predictors of Overweight and Obesity Among a Multiethnic Population of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Survivors: A Cross-Sectional Assessment.

PubMed

Brown, Austin L; Lupo, Philip J; Danysh, Heather E; Okcu, Mehmet F; Scheurer, Michael E; Kamdar, Kala Y

2016-08-01

As previous studies of obesity in survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have primarily been conducted among non-Hispanic white survivors or children treated on older protocols, our objective was to describe the prevalence and correlates of overweight status among an ethnically diverse population of pediatric ALL survivors, largely treated with more contemporary therapies. We evaluated the overweight/obesity status of pediatric ALL survivors (n=406) followed in the Texas Children's Cancer Center between 2004 and 2014. Survivors were classified as underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese on the basis of their body mass index at their most current follow-up visit. Our results showed that Hispanic ethnicity (39% of the subjects) was associated with being overweight (adjusted odds ratio=1.88; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-3.14) or obese (adjusted odds ratio=2.84; 95% confidence interval, 1.59-5.06) at follow-up, even after adjusting for cranial radiotherapy (CRT) exposure. Body mass index z-score at diagnosis was also associated with overweight/obesity at follow-up. In addition, there was a statistically significant interaction between younger age at diagnosis and CRT, indicating that younger age at diagnosis was associated with obesity among patients who received CRT. These findings may help identify pediatric ALL patients that are at increased risk of being overweight or obese after treatment.

Mass media exposure, social stratification, and tobacco consumption among Nigerian adults.

PubMed

Tafawa, Adebola Odunlami; Viswanath, Kasisomayajula; Kawachi, Ichiro; Williams, David R

2012-03-01

Mass media exposure is a strong determinant of tobacco use yet little is known about this relationship in African countries. We explored socio-demographic and socio-contextual correlates of tobacco consumption and associations between mass media exposure, gender and the use of any and various forms of tobacco among Nigerians. The study included 47,805 adults from the cross-sectional and nationally representative Nigeria demographic and health survey 2008. Weighted binary logistic models predicted any tobacco use whereas weighted multinomial logistic models predicted smoking and smokeless tobacco, all compared with no tobacco use. Approximately 4.2% of Nigerian adults used tobacco--2.7% smoked tobacco whereas 1.5% used smokeless tobacco. Tobacco use was more prevalent among men than women (12% vs. 0.6%; p value <0.0001). Gender modified the associations between tobacco use and radio exposure or TV exposure (p values ranged = 0.02-0.05). Among men, some radio exposure and high radio exposure were associated with increased odds of any tobacco use, compared with no radio exposure. Among men, infrequently reading newspapers/magazines and frequently reading newspapers/magazines were associated with higher odds of smokeless tobacco use, compared with not reading newspapers/magazines. Among women, infrequently reading newspapers/magazines was associated with reduced odds of smokeless tobacco use, compared with not reading newspaper/magazines. The relationships between mass media exposure and tobacco consumption differed by gender and were more pronounced among men. Research on radio programs may help to form policies that can address tobacco use among Nigerian men.

The 21st-Century Learning Environment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kennedy, Mike

2011-01-01

Step into a classroom in the 21st century, and the odds are it won't look all that different from one in the 20th century. One decade into the 2000s, many schools and universities have been frustrated in their efforts to upgrade their facilities and resources because of shrinking budgets. But even with the ailing economy, some education…

Frequency of depression in type 2 diabetes mellitus and an analysis of predictive factors.

PubMed

Arshad, Abdul Rehman; Alvi, Kamran Yousaf

2016-04-01

To determine frequency of depression in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and to identify predictive factors. The observational study was carried out at 1 Mountain Medical Battalion, Bagh, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan, from June 2013 to May 2014, and comprised type 2 diabetic patients who were not using anti-depressants and did not have history of other psychiatric illnesses. Demographic data, duration of diabetes, presence of hypertension and type of treatment were recorded and body mass index was calculated. Patient Health Questionnaire-9, translated into Urdu, was administered during face-to-face interviews. Scores >5 indicated depression, which was classified into different grades of severity using standard cut-off values. Of the 133 patients, 51(38.35%) were depressed. Depression was mild in 34(26%), moderate in 12(9.6%), moderately severe in 4(2.9%) and severe in 1(0.7%) patient. On univariate binary logistic regression, female gender (odds ratio=3.07; 95% confidence interval = 1.43, 6.59), lesser education (odds ratio = 0.90; 95% confidence interval 0.84, 0.97) shorter duration of diabetes (odds ratio=0.87; 95% confidence interval = 0.80, 0.96) and higher body mass index (odds ratio=1.41; 95% confidence interval = 1.05, 1.25) were significantly associated with depression. Only shorter duration of diabetes (odds ratio=0.90; 95% confidence interval = 0.82, 0.99) remained significant after adjustment for confounders. Age, level of education, glycaemic control and type of treatment did not predict depression. A significant proportion of type 2 diabetics were depressed. Shorter duration of diabetes reliably predicted depression in these patients.

Self-Reported Food Hypersensitivity: Prevalence, Characteristics, and Comorbidities in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study.

PubMed

Jakobsen, Monika Dybdahl; Braaten, Tonje; Obstfelder, Aud; Abelsen, Birgit

2016-01-01

This study aims to investigate the prevalence of self-reported food hypersensitivity, (SFH), the characteristics of women with SFH, and whether SFH is associated with multiple health complaints among the participants of the Norwegian Women and Cancer study (NOWAC). We conducted a cross-sectional study among 64,316 women aged 41-76 years. The women were randomly selected from the Norwegian Central Person Register. Information on SFH and all covariates except age and place of residence was collected by questionnaires in 2002-2005. The prevalence of SFH in our study sample was 6.8% (95% confidence interval: 6.7-7.0). Logistic regression analysis showed a negative association between SFH and age (odds ratio [OR] 0.97). The odds of SFH increased among women living in or near urban centers, women with more than 9 years of education, women who did not have full-time work, women who had experienced poor economic conditions in childhood, those living without a partner, and those who did not consume alcohol or smoke (OR varied from 1.10 to 1.70). Women with a low body mass index had higher odds of SFH (OR 1.37) than those with a moderate body mass index. SFH was positively associated with poor self-perceived health (OR 2.56). The odds of SFH increased with the number of concurrent health complaints, with an OR for 5-6 comorbidities of 4.93. We found an association between SFH, poor health, and different socio demographic and lifestyle characteristics. Women with SFH had increased odds of reporting multiple health complaints.

Probing neutrino and Higgs sectors in { SU(2) }_1 × { SU(2) }_2 × { U(1) }_Y model with lepton-flavor non-universality

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hue, L. T.; Arbuzov, A. B.; Ngan, N. T. K.; Long, H. N.

2017-05-01

The neutrino and Higgs sectors in the { SU(2) }_1 × { SU(2) }_2 × { U(1) }_Y model with lepton-flavor non-universality are discussed. We show that active neutrinos can get Majorana masses from radiative corrections, after adding only new singly charged Higgs bosons. The mechanism for the generation of neutrino masses is the same as in the Zee models. This also gives a hint to solving the dark matter problem based on similar ways discussed recently in many radiative neutrino mass models with dark matter. Except the active neutrinos, the appearance of singly charged Higgs bosons and dark matter does not affect significantly the physical spectrum of all particles in the original model. We indicate this point by investigating the Higgs sector in both cases before and after singly charged scalars are added into it. Many interesting properties of physical Higgs bosons, which were not shown previously, are explored. In particular, the mass matrices of charged and CP-odd Higgs fields are proportional to the coefficient of triple Higgs coupling μ . The mass eigenstates and eigenvalues in the CP-even Higgs sector are also presented. All couplings of the SM-like Higgs boson to normal fermions and gauge bosons are different from the SM predictions by a factor c_h, which must satisfy the recent global fit of experimental data, namely 0.995<|c_h|<1. We have analyzed a more general diagonalization of gauge boson mass matrices, then we show that the ratio of the tangents of the W-W' and Z-Z' mixing angles is exactly the cosine of the Weinberg angle, implying that number of parameters is reduced by 1. Signals of new physics from decays of new heavy fermions and Higgs bosons at LHC and constraints of their masses are also discussed.

Competition between Asian pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and Alaskan sockeye salmon (O. nerka) in the North Pacific Ocean

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ruggerone, G.T.; Zimmermann, M.; Myers, K.W.; Nielsen, J.L.; Rogers, D.E.

2003-01-01

The importance of interspecific competition as a mechanism regulating population abundance in offshore marine communities is largely unknown. We evaluated offshore competition between Asian pink salmon and Bristol Bay (Alaska) sockeye salmon, which intermingle in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea, using the unique biennial abundance cycle of Asian pink salmon from 1955 to 2000. Sockeye salmon growth during the second and third growing seasons at sea, as determined by scale measurements, declined significantly in odd-numbered years, corresponding to years when Asian pink salmon are most abundant. Bristol Bay sockeye salmon do not interact with Asian pink salmon during their first summer and fall seasons and no difference in first year scale growth was detected. The interaction with odd-year pink salmon led to significantly smaller size at age of adult sockeye salmon, especially among younger female salmon. Examination of sockeye salmon smolt to adult survival rates during 1977-97 indicated that smolts entering the ocean during even-numbered years and interacting with abundant odd-year pink salmon during the following year experienced 26% (age-2 smolt) to 45% (age-1 smolt) lower survival compared with smolts migrating during odd-numbered years. Adult sockeye salmon returning to Bristol Bay from even-year smolt migrations were 22% less abundant (reduced by 5.9 million fish per year) compared with returns from odd-year migrations. The greatest reduction in adult returns occurred among adults spending 2 compared with 3 years at sea. Our new evidence for interspecific competition highlights the need for multispecies, international management of salmon production, including salmon released from hatcheries into the ocean.

Investigation of the particle-core structure of odd-mass nuclei in the NpNn scheme

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bucurescu, D.; Cata, G.; Cutoiu, D.; Dragulescu, E.; Ivasu, M.; Zamfir, N. V.; Gizon, A.; Gizon, J.

1989-10-01

The NpNn scheme is applied to data related to collective band structures determined by the unique parity shell model orbitals in odd-A nuclei from the mass regions A≌80-100 and A≌130. Simple systematics are obtained which give a synthetic picture of the evolution of the particle-core coupling in these nuclear regions.

β decay studies of n-rich Cs isotopes with the ISOLDE Decay Station

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lică, R.; Benzoni, G.; Morales, A. I.; Borge, M. J. G.; Fraile, L. M.; Mach, H.; Madurga, M.; Sotty, C.; Vedia, V.; De Witte, H.; Benito, J.; Berry, T.; Blasi, N.; Bracco, A.; Camera, F.; Ceruti, S.; Charviakova, V.; Cieplicka-Oryńczak, N.; Costache, C.; Crespi, F. C. L.; Creswell, J.; Fernández-Martínez, G.; Fynbo, H.; Greenlees, P.; Homm, I.; Huyse, M.; Jolie, J.; Karayonchev, V.; Köster, U.; Konki, J.; Kröll, T.; Kurcewicz, J.; Kurtukian-Nieto, T.; Lazarus, I.; Leoni, S.; Lund, M.; Marginean, N.; Marginean, R.; Mihai, C.; Mihai, R.; Negret, A.; Orduz, A.; Patyk, Z.; Pascu, S.; Pucknell, V.; Rahkila, P.; Regis, J. M.; Rotaru, F.; Saed-Sami, N.; Sánchez-Tembleque, V.; Stanoiu, M.; Tengblad, O.; Thuerauf, M.; Turturica, A.; Van Duppen, P.; Warr, N.

2017-05-01

Neutron-rich Ba isotopes are expected to exhibit octupolar correlations, reaching their maximum in isotopes around mass A = 146. The odd-A neutron-rich members of this isotopic chain show typical patterns related to non-axially symmetric shapes, which are however less marked compared to even-A ones, pointing to a major contribution from vibrations. In the present paper we present results from a recent study focused on 148-150Cs β-decay performed at the ISOLDE Decay Station equipped with fast-timing detectors. A detailed analysis of the measured decay half-lives and decay scheme of 149Ba is presented, giving a first insight in the structure of this neutron-rich nucleus.

Quasi-phase-matching of only even-order high harmonics.

PubMed

Diskin, Tzvi; Cohen, Oren

2014-03-24

High harmonic spectrum of a quasi-monochromatic pump that interacts with isotropic media consists of only odd-order harmonics. Addition of a secondary pump, e.g. a static field or the second harmonic of the primary pump, can results with generation of both odd and even harmonics of the primary pump. We propose a method for quasi-phase matching of only the even-order harmonics of the primary pump. We formulate a theory for this process and demonstrate it numerically. We also show that it leads to attosecond pulse trains with constant carrier envelop phase and high repetition rate.

Use of stable isotope signatures to determine mercury sources in the Great Lakes

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lepak, Ryan F.; Yin, Runsheng; Krabbenhoft, David P.; Ogorek, Jacob M.; DeWild, John F.; Holsen, Thomas M.; Hurley, James P.

2015-01-01

Sources of mercury (Hg) in Great Lakes sediments were assessed with stable Hg isotope ratios using multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. An isotopic mixing model based on mass-dependent (MDF) and mass-independent fractionation (MIF) (δ202Hg and Δ199Hg) identified three primary Hg sources for sediments: atmospheric, industrial, and watershed-derived. Results indicate atmospheric sources dominate in Lakes Huron, Superior, and Michigan sediments while watershed-derived and industrial sources dominate in Lakes Erie and Ontario sediments. Anomalous Δ200Hg signatures, also apparent in sediments, provided independent validation of the model. Comparison of Δ200Hg signatures in predatory fish from three lakes reveals that bioaccumulated Hg is more isotopically similar to atmospherically derived Hg than a lake’s sediment. Previous research suggests Δ200Hg is conserved during biogeochemical processing and odd mass-independent fractionation (MIF) is conserved during metabolic processing, so it is suspected even is similarly conserved. Given these assumptions, our data suggest that in some cases, atmospherically derived Hg may be a more important source of MeHg to higher trophic levels than legacy sediments in the Great Lakes.

Future prospects of mass-degenerate Higgs bosons in the C P -conserving two-Higgs-doublet model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bian, Ligong; Chen, Ning; Su, Wei; Wu, Yongcheng; Zhang, Yu

2018-06-01

The scenario of two mass-degenerate Higgs bosons within the general two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM) is revisited. We focus on the global picture when two C P -even Higgs bosons of h and H are nearly mass-degenerate. A global fit to the signal strength of the 125 GeV Higgs measured at the LHC is performed. Based on the best-fit result of the 2HDM mixing angles (α ,β ), theoretical constraints, charged and C P -odd Higgs boson direct search constraints and the electroweak precision constraints are imposed to the 2HDM parameter space. We present the signal predictions of the (4 b ,2 b 2 γ ) channels for the benchmark models at the LHC 14 TeV runs. We also study the direct Higgs boson pair productions at the LHC, and the Z-associated Higgs boson pair production search at the ILC 500 GeV runs, as well as the indirect probes at the CEPC 250 GeV run. We find that the mass-degenerate Higgs boson scenario in the Type-II 2HDM can be fully probed by these future experimental searches.

In silico design of supramolecules from their precursors: odd-even effects in cage-forming reactions.

PubMed

Jelfs, Kim E; Eden, Edward G B; Culshaw, Jamie L; Shakespeare, Stephen; Pyzer-Knapp, Edward O; Thompson, Hugh P G; Bacsa, John; Day, Graeme M; Adams, Dave J; Cooper, Andrew I

2013-06-26

We synthesize a series of imine cage molecules where increasing the chain length of the alkanediamine precursor results in an odd-even alternation between [2 + 3] and [4 + 6] cage macrocycles. A computational procedure is developed to predict the thermodynamically preferred product and the lowest energy conformer, hence rationalizing the observed alternation and the 3D cage structures, based on knowledge of the precursors alone.

Experience with multiple control groups in a large population-based case-control study on genetic and environmental risk factors.

PubMed

Pomp, E R; Van Stralen, K J; Le Cessie, S; Vandenbroucke, J P; Rosendaal, F R; Doggen, C J M

2010-07-01

We discuss the analytic and practical considerations in a large case-control study that had two control groups; the first control group consisting of partners of patients and the second obtained by random digit dialling (RDD). As an example of the evaluation of a general lifestyle factor, we present body mass index (BMI). Both control groups had lower BMIs than the patients. The distribution in the partner controls was closer to that of the patients, likely due to similar lifestyles. A statistical approach was used to pool the results of both analyses, wherein partners were analyzed with a matched analysis, while RDDs were analyzed without matching. Even with a matched analysis, the odds ratio with partner controls remained closer to unity than with RDD controls, which is probably due to unmeasured confounders in the comparison with the random controls as well as intermediary factors. However, when studying injuries as a risk factor, the odds ratio remained higher with partner control subjects than with RRD control subjects, even after taking the matching into account. Finally we used factor V Leiden as an example of a genetic risk factor. The frequencies of factor V Leiden were identical in both control groups, indicating that for the analyses of this genetic risk factor the two control groups could be combined in a single unmatched analysis. In conclusion, the effect measures with the two control groups were in the same direction, and of the same order of magnitude. Moreover, it was not always the same control group that produced the higher or lower estimates, and a matched analysis did not remedy the differences. Our experience with the intricacies of dealing with two control groups may be useful to others when thinking about an optimal research design or the best statistical approach.

Isospin-symmetry-breaking effects in A˜70 nuclei within beyond-mean-field approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Petrovici, A.; Andrei, O.

2015-02-01

Particular isospin-symmetry-breaking probes including Coulomb energy differences (CED), mirror energy differences (MED), and triplet energy differences (TED) manifest anomalies in the A˜70 isovector triplets of nuclei. The structure of proton-rich nuclei in the A˜70 mass region suggests shape coexistence and competition between pairing correlations in different channels. Recent results concerning the interplay between isospin-mixing and shape-coexistence effects on exotic phenomena in A˜70 nuclei obtained within the beyond-mean-field complex Excited Vampir variational model with symmetry projection before variation using a realistic effective interaction in a relatively large model space are presented. Excited Vampir predictions concerning the Gamow-Teller β decay to the odd-odd N=Z 66As and 70Br nuclei correlated with the pair structure analysis in the T=1 and T=0 channel of the involved wave functions are discussed.

Isospin-symmetry-breaking effects in A∼70 nuclei within beyond-mean-field approach

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Petrovici, A.; Andrei, O.

2015-02-24

Particular isospin-symmetry-breaking probes including Coulomb energy differences (CED), mirror energy differences (MED), and triplet energy differences (TED) manifest anomalies in the A∼70 isovector triplets of nuclei. The structure of proton-rich nuclei in the A∼70 mass region suggests shape coexistence and competition between pairing correlations in different channels. Recent results concerning the interplay between isospin-mixing and shape-coexistence effects on exotic phenomena in A∼70 nuclei obtained within the beyond-mean-field complex Excited Vampir variational model with symmetry projection before variation using a realistic effective interaction in a relatively large model space are presented. Excited Vampir predictions concerning the Gamow-Teller β decay to themore » odd-odd N=Z {sup 66}As and {sup 70}Br nuclei correlated with the pair structure analysis in the T=1 and T=0 channel of the involved wave functions are discussed.« less

Same-sign dilepton excesses and vector-like quarks

DOE PAGES

Chen, Chuan-Ren; Cheng, Hsin-Chia; Low, Ian

2016-03-15

Multiple analyses from ATLAS and CMS collaborations, including searches for ttH production, supersymmetric particles and vector-like quarks, observed excesses in the same-sign dilepton channel containing b-jets and missing transverse energy in the LHC Run 1 data. In the context of little Higgs theories with T parity, we explain these excesses using vector-like T-odd quarks decaying into a top quark, a W boson and the lightest T-odd particle (LTP). For heavy vector-like quarks, decay topologies containing the LTP have not been searched for at the LHC. The bounds on the masses of the T-odd quarks can be estimated in a simplifiedmore » model approach by adapting the search limits for top/bottom squarks in supersymmetry. Assuming a realistic decay branching fraction, a benchmark with a 750 GeV T-odd b' quark is proposed. In conclusion, we also comment on the possibility to fit excesses in different analyses in a common framework.« less

Influence of Musical Enculturation on Brain Responses to Metric Deviants.

PubMed

Haumann, Niels T; Vuust, Peter; Bertelsen, Freja; Garza-Villarreal, Eduardo A

2018-01-01

The ability to recognize metric accents is fundamental in both music and language perception. It has been suggested that music listeners prefer rhythms that follow simple binary meters, which are common in Western music. This means that listeners expect odd-numbered beats to be strong and even-numbered beats to be weak. In support of this, studies have shown that listeners exposed to Western music show stronger novelty and incongruity related P3 and irregularity detection related mismatch negativity (MMN) brain responses to attenuated odd- than attenuated even-numbered metric positions. Furthermore, behavioral evidence suggests that music listeners' preferences can be changed by long-term exposure to non-Western rhythms and meters, e.g., by listening to African or Balkan music. In our study, we investigated whether it might be possible to measure effects of music enculturation on neural responses to attenuated tones on specific metric positions. We compared the magnetic mismatch negativity (MMNm) to attenuated beats in a "Western group" of listeners ( n = 12) mainly exposed to Western music and a "Bicultural group" of listeners ( n = 13) exposed for at least 1 year to both Sub-Saharan African music in addition to Western music. We found that in the "Western group" the MMNm was higher in amplitude to deviant tones on odd compared to even metric positions, but not in the "Bicultural group." In support of this finding, there was also a trend of the "Western group" to rate omitted beats as more surprising on odd than even metric positions, whereas the "Bicultural group" seemed to discriminate less between metric positions in terms of surprise ratings. Also, we observed that the overall latency of the MMNm was significantly shorter in the Bicultural group compared to the Western group. These effects were not biased by possible differences in rhythm perception ability or music training, measured with the Musical Ear Test (MET). Furthermore, source localization analyses suggest that auditory, inferior temporal, sensory-motor, superior frontal, and parahippocampal regions might be involved in eliciting the MMNm to the metric deviants. These findings suggest that effects of music enculturation can be measured on MMNm responses to attenuated tones on specific metric positions.

Estimation of the alpha decay of Platinum isotopes using different versions of theoretical formula

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hosseini, S. S.; Hassanabadi, H.; Sobhani, H.

The alpha decay half-lives of even-even and even-odd Platinum (Pt) nuclei have been studied within the Coulomb and proximity potential model (CPPM). The present study is restricted to even-even nuclei with A = 166-198. The results are compared with other calculations such as the Semi-empirical formula (SemFIS) from Poenaru et al. based on fission theory of alpha decay, the Viola-Seaborg (VS), Royer (R) and Brown formulae. Also, the alpha decay half-lives have been calculated using the Scaling law of Brown (SLB), the Universal Decay Law (UDL) of Qi et al., the Scaling Law of Horoi et al. (SLH), and Akrawy-Dorin formula (ADF) of Akrawy and Poenaru, which are the Royer modified formula for alpha decay half-live by adding asymmetry term.

A Bell inequality for a class of multilocal ring networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Frey, Michael

2017-11-01

Quantum networks with independent sources of entanglement (hidden variables) and nodes that execute joint quantum measurements can create strong quantum correlations spanning the breadth of the network. Understanding of these correlations has to the present been limited to standard Bell experiments with one source of shared randomness, bilocal arrangements having two local sources of shared randomness, and multilocal networks with tree topologies. We introduce here a class of quantum networks with ring topologies comprised of subsystems each with its own internally shared source of randomness. We prove a Bell inequality for these networks, and to demonstrate violations of this inequality, we focus on ring networks with three-qubit subsystems. Three qubits are capable of two non-equivalent types of entanglement, GHZ and W-type. For rings of any number N of three-qubit subsystems, our inequality is violated when the subsystems are each internally GHZ-entangled. This violation is consistently stronger when N is even. This quantitative even-odd difference for GHZ entanglement becomes extreme in the case of W-type entanglement. When the ring size N is even, the presence of W-type entanglement is successfully detected; when N is odd, the inequality consistently fails to detect its presence.

Higgs bosons in heavy supersymmetry with an intermediate m A

DOE PAGES

Lee, Gabriel; Wagner, Carlos E. M.

2015-10-23

The minimal supersymmetric standard model leads to precise predictions of the properties of the light Higgs boson degrees of freedom that depend on only a few relevant supersymmetry-breaking parameters. In particular, there is an upper bound on the mass of the lightest neutral Higgs boson, which for a supersymmetric spectrum of the order of a TeV is barely above the one of the Higgs resonance recently observed at the LHC. This bound can be raised by considering a heavier supersymmetric spectrum, relaxing the tension between theory and experiment. In a previous article, we studied the predictions for the lightest CP-evenmore » Higgs mass for large values of the scalar-top and heavy Higgs boson masses. In this article we perform a similar analysis, considering also the case of a CP-odd Higgs boson mass m A of the order of the weak scale. We perform the calculation using effective theory techniques, considering a two-Higgs doublet model and a Standard Model-like theory and resumming the large logarithmic corrections that appear at scales above and below m A, respectively. In conclusion, we calculate the mass and couplings of the lightest CP-even Higgs boson and compare our results with the ones obtained by other methods.« less

Two industrial cohorts: baseline characteristics and factors associated with obesity.

PubMed

Ott, Ulrike; Stanford, Joseph B; Thiese, Matthew S; Murtaugh, Maureen A; Greenwood, Jessica L J; Gren, Lisa H; Garg, Arun; Hegmann, Kurt T

2015-05-01

To describe demographic and health characteristics, and factors associated with obesity among production workers. This cross-sectional study analyzed baseline data from two occupational cohorts. Regression modeling was used to assess associations between worker characteristics and obesity. A total of 1974 subjects were included in these analyses. The mean body mass index was 29.5 kg/m (SD = 6.5). Having smoked in the past and currently smoking decreased the odds of being obese in the WISTAH Distal Upper Extremity cohort, whereas those feeling depressed had increased odds of being obese. Being a Pacific Islander/Native Hawaiian and married increased the odds of obesity in the BackWorks Low Back Pain cohort. Factors associated with obesity differed substantially between the two cohorts. Recognizing factors associated with obesity in specific work settings may provide opportunities for optimizing preventive workplace interventions.

New model of the average neutron and proton pairing gaps

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Madland, David G.; Nix, J. Rayford

1988-01-01

By use of the BCS approximation applied to a distribution of dense, equally spaced levels, we derive new expressions for the average neutron pairing gap ¯gD n and average proton pairing gap ¯gD p. These expressions, which contain exponential terms, take into account the dependencies of ¯gD n and ¯gD p upon both the relative neutron excess and shape of the nucleus. The three constants that appear are determined by a least-squares adjustment to experimental pairing gaps obtained by use of fourth-order differences of measured masses. For this purpose we use the 1986 Audi-Wapstra mid-stream mass evaluation and take into account experimental uncertainties. Our new model explains not only the dependencies of ¯gD n and ¯gD p upon relative neutron excess and nuclear shape, but also the experimental result that for medium and heavy nuclei ¯gD n is generally smaller than ¯gD p. We also introduce a new expression for the average residual neutron-proton interaction energy ¯gd that appears in the masses of odd-odd nuclei, and determine the constant that appears by an analogous least-squares adjustment to experimental mass differences. Our new expressions for ¯gD n, ¯gD p and ¯gd should permit extrapolation of these quantities to heavier nuclei and to nuclei farther removed from the valley of β stability than do previous parameterizations.

Eczema and cardiovascular risk factors in 2 US adult population studies.

PubMed

Silverberg, Jonathan I; Greenland, Philip

2015-03-01

Eczema is associated with high rates of sleep disturbance and quality-of-life impairment. These factors might have a negative impact on psychosocial development and behavior and could increase cardiovascular risk. We sought to determine whether adults with eczema have increased cardiovascular risk factors. We analyzed data for 27,157 and 34,525 adults aged 18 to 85 years from the 2010 and 2012 National Health Interview Survey. Adults with eczema had higher odds of ever smoking 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (survey logistic regression; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.32; 95% CI, 1.18-1.47) and current smoking history (aOR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.12-1.45), with significantly younger age of onset (survey linear regression; adjusted β, -0.58; 95% CI, -0.95 to -0.21). Eczema was also associated with greater odds of ever drinking 12 or more alcoholic beverages annually (aOR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.03-1.31), including current intake of moderate (aOR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.09-1.62) and heavier (aOR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.23-2.03) amounts. Adults with a history of eczema had lower odds of daily vigorous activity (aOR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.63-0.99) and lower frequency of vigorous activity in the past week (adjusted β, -0.46; 95% CI, -0.72 to -0.21) than did adults without a history of eczema. Those with eczema had a higher body mass index than did those without eczema (adjusted β, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.37-1.36), particularly a body mass index of 35 or more (aOR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.16-2.05), and higher odds of hypertension (aOR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.18-1.85), hypertension on 2 visits (aOR, 1.56; 1.22-1.99), and lifetime prediabetes (aOR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.19-2.45). Finally, there were significant interactions between eczema and sleep disturbances such that eczema associated with fatigue, daytime sleepiness, or insomnia was associated with even higher odds of obesity, hypertension, hypertension on 2 visits, prediabetes, diabetes, and high cholesterol than eczema alone. We found that eczema in adults is a marker for cardiovascular risk, emphasizing the importance of behavioral modification and perhaps more aggressive interventions to better manage eczema. Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Delay in presentation after an acute stroke in a multiethnic population in South london: the South london stroke register.

PubMed

Addo, Juliet; Ayis, Salma; Leon, Josette; Rudd, Anthony G; McKevitt, Christopher; Wolfe, Charles D A

2012-06-01

Delayed presentation to hospital after an acute stroke is a major explanation given for low thrombolysis rates. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with delays in presentation after an acute stroke and changes after a mass media campaign. Data were from a population-based study involving 1392 patients with first-ever strokes between 2002 and 2010 in a multiethnic South London population. Associations were determined between prehospital delay (≥3 hours) and variables of interest, including ethnicity, by using multivariate logistic regression analyses. Differences in prehospital delay and thrombolysis rates were determined for the period immediately before and after the FAST mass media campaign (2007/2008 versus 2009/2010). The median (Q(1) to Q(3)) time to presentation was 4.73 (1.55 to 12.70) hours, and 550 (39.5%) presented within 3 hours of symptom onset. In multivariate analysis, patients of black ethnicity had increased odds of delay (odds ratio: 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.11 to 2.38), whereas those with more severe strokes characterized by a higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (odds ratio: 0.35; 95% confidence interval, 0.20 to 0.61) had reduced odds of delay. There was no difference in the proportion of patients who arrived within 3 hours (P=0.30) in the period immediately before and after the FAST campaign (40.7% in 2007/2008 versus 44.9% in 2009/2010). Among patients with ischemic stroke, 119 (11.0%) received thrombolysis between 2002 and 2010, with no difference observed between the pre- and postcampaign periods (16.9% versus 16.4%). Significant delays in seeking care after stroke still occur in this population despite efforts to increase public awareness. Future educational programs must identify and specifically address factors that influence behavior and should target those at higher risk of delay. (J Am Heart Assoc. 2012;1:e001685 doi: 10.1161/JAHA.112.001685.).

Angular-momentum-dependent splitting of light through metal nanohole

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, Dejiao; Liu, Yu; Zhang, ZhiYou; Xiao, Xiao; Du, JingLei

2014-11-01

We numerically study the splitting of light beam which carries orbital angular momentum (OAM) through single metal nano-scale hole. A light beam carrying with OAM has a helical phase distribution in the transverse plane, where the electric field has the form: E(r,θ)=E0exp(lθ), and l is the topological charge which denotes the value of OAM. The circular polarization state is corresponding to the spin angular momentum (SAM), where s=+1 represents the left-handed polarization and s=-1 the right-handed polarization. Simulation results show l dependent splitting of beam through nano metal hole. When l is odd, the transmitted far field splits while no splitting happens when l is even. This phenomenon is attributed to the interaction between OAM beam and plasmonic mode of metal nano-hole. It is revealed that different OAM beam can excite different transverse mode in the metal cavity, which means the interaction should obey an OAM section rule. We show that even l can excite transverse mode with zero total AM and odd l can excite transverse mode with non-zero total AM within the hole. Orbital-spin conversion is also revealed in the free wave/plasmon interaction.

Canonic FFT flow graphs for real-valued even/odd symmetric inputs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lao, Yingjie; Parhi, Keshab K.

2017-12-01

Canonic real-valued fast Fourier transform (RFFT) has been proposed to reduce the arithmetic complexity by eliminating redundancies. In a canonic N-point RFFT, the number of signal values at each stage is canonic with respect to the number of signal values, i.e., N. The major advantage of the canonic RFFTs is that these require the least number of butterfly operations and only real datapaths when mapped to architectures. In this paper, we consider the FFT computation whose inputs are not only real but also even/odd symmetric, which indeed lead to the well-known discrete cosine and sine transforms (DCTs and DSTs). Novel algorithms for generating the flow graphs of canonic RFFTs with even/odd symmetric inputs are proposed. It is shown that the proposed algorithms lead to canonic structures with N/2 +1 signal values at each stage for an N-point real even symmetric FFT (REFFT) or N/2 -1 signal values at each stage for an N-point RFFT real odd symmetric FFT (ROFFT). In order to remove butterfly operations, several twiddle factor transformations are proposed in this paper. We also discuss the design of canonic REFFT for any composite length. Performances of the canonic REFFT/ROFFT are also discussed. It is shown that the flow graph of canonic REFFT/ROFFT has less number of interconnections, less butterfly operations, and less twiddle factor operations, compared to prior works.

Breast cancer biology varies by method of detection and may contribute to overdiagnosis.

PubMed

Hayse, Brandon; Hooley, Regina J; Killelea, Brigid K; Horowitz, Nina R; Chagpar, Anees B; Lannin, Donald R

2016-08-01

Recently, it has been suggested that screening mammography may result in some degree of overdiagnosis (ie, detection of breast cancers that would never become clinically important within the lifespan of the patient). The extent and biology of these overdiagnosed cancers, however, is not well understood, and the effect of newer screening modalities on overdiagnosis is unknown. We performed a retrospective review of a prospectively collected database of breast cancers diagnosed at the Yale Breast Center from 2004-2014. The mode of initial presentation was categorized into 5 groups: screening mammogram, screening magnetic resonance imaging, screening ultrasonography, self-detected masses, and physician-detected masses. Compared with cancers presenting with masses, cancers detected by image-based screening were more likely to present with ductal carcinoma-in-situ or T1 cancers (P < .001). In addition to a simple stage shift, however, cancers detected by image-based screening were also more likely to be luminal and low-grade cancers; symptomatic cancers were more likely high-grade and triple-negative (P < .001, respectively). On a multivariate analysis, adjusting for age, race, and tumor size, cancers detected by mammogram, US, and magnetic resonance imaging had greater odds of being luminal (odds ratio 1.8, 95% confidence interval, 1.5-2.3; odds ratio 2.2, 95% confidence interval, 1.1-4.7; and odds ratio 4.7, 95% confidence interval, 2.1-10.6, respectively), and low-grade (odds ratio 2.2, 95% confidence interval, 1.6-2.9; odds ratio 4.9, 95% confidence interval, 2.7-8.9; and odds ratio 4.6, 95% confidence interval, 2.6-8.1, respectively) compared with cancers presenting with self-detected masses. Screening detects cancers with more indolent biology, potentially contributing to the observed rate of overdiagnosis. With magnetic resonance imaging and US being used more commonly for screening, the rate of overdiagnosis may increase further. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Insomnia with physiological hyperarousal is associated with hypertension.

PubMed

Li, Yun; Vgontzas, Alexandros N; Fernandez-Mendoza, Julio; Bixler, Edward O; Sun, Yuanfeng; Zhou, Junying; Ren, Rong; Li, Tao; Tang, Xiangdong

2015-03-01

Previous studies have suggested that insomnia with objective short sleep duration is associated with a higher risk of hypertension, and it has been speculated that the underlying mechanism is physiological hyperarousal. In this study, we tested whether insomnia with physiological hyperarousal measured by Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT), a standard test of sleepiness/alertness, is associated with increased risk of hypertension. Two hundred nineteen chronic insomniacs and 96 normal sleepers were included in this study. Chronic insomnia was defined based on standard diagnostic criteria with symptoms lasting ≥6 months. All subjects underwent 1 night in laboratory polysomnography followed by a standard MSLT. We used the median mean MSLT value (ie, >14 minutes) and the 75th percentile of mean MSLT value (ie, >17 minutes) to define hyperarousal. Hypertension was defined based either on blood pressure measures or on diagnosis treatment by a physician. After controlling for age, sex, body mass index, apnea-hypopnea index, diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcohol, and caffeine use, insomnia combined with MSLT >14 minutes increased the odds of hypertension by 300% (odds ratio=3.27; 95% confidence interval=1.20-8.96), whereas insomnia combined with MSLT >17 minutes increased even further the odds of hypertension by 400% (odds ratio=4.33; 95% confidence interval=1.48-12.68) compared with normal sleepers with MSLT ≤14 minutes. Insomnia associated with physiological hyperarousal is associated with a significant risk of hypertension. Long MSLT values may be a reliable index of the physiological hyperarousal and biological severity of chronic insomnia. © 2015 American Heart Association, Inc.

Smoking and Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Young Men.

PubMed

Markidan, Janina; Cole, John W; Cronin, Carolyn A; Merino, Jose G; Phipps, Michael S; Wozniak, Marcella A; Kittner, Steven J

2018-05-01

There is a strong dose-response relationship between smoking and risk of ischemic stroke in young women, but there are few data examining this association in young men. We examined the dose-response relationship between the quantity of cigarettes smoked and the odds of developing an ischemic stroke in men under age 50 years. The Stroke Prevention in Young Men Study is a population-based case-control study of risk factors for ischemic stroke in men ages 15 to 49 years. The χ 2 test was used to test categorical comparisons. Logistic regression models were used to calculate the odds ratio for ischemic stroke occurrence comparing current and former smokers to never smokers. In the first model, we adjusted solely for age. In the second model, we adjusted for potential confounding factors, including age, race, education, hypertension, myocardial infarction, angina, diabetes mellitus, and body mass index. The study population consisted of 615 cases and 530 controls. The odds ratio for the current smoking group compared with never smokers was 1.88. Furthermore, when the current smoking group was stratified by number of cigarettes smoked, there was a dose-response relationship for the odds ratio, ranging from 1.46 for those smoking <11 cigarettes per day to 5.66 for those smoking 40+ cigarettes per day. We found a strong dose-response relationship between the number of cigarettes smoked daily and ischemic stroke among young men. Although complete smoking cessation is the goal, even smoking fewer cigarettes may reduce the risk of ischemic stroke in young men. © 2018 American Heart Association, Inc.

Cosmology and the neutrino mass ordering

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hannestad, Steen; Schwetz, Thomas, E-mail: sth@phys.au.dk, E-mail: schwetz@kit.edu

We propose a simple method to quantify a possible exclusion of the inverted neutrino mass ordering from cosmological bounds on the sum of the neutrino masses. The method is based on Bayesian inference and allows for a calculation of the posterior odds of normal versus inverted ordering. We apply the method for a specific set of current data from Planck CMB data and large-scale structure surveys, providing an upper bound on the sum of neutrino masses of 0.14 eV at 95% CL. With this analysis we obtain posterior odds for normal versus inverted ordering of about 2:1. If cosmological datamore » is combined with data from oscillation experiments the odds reduce to about 3:2. For an exclusion of the inverted ordering from cosmology at more than 95% CL, an accuracy of better than 0.02 eV is needed for the sum. We demonstrate that such a value could be reached with planned observations of large scale structure by analysing artificial mock data for a EUCLID-like survey.« less

Emerging disparities in overweight by educational attainment in Chinese adults (1989-2006).

PubMed

Jones-Smith, J C; Gordon-Larsen, P; Siddiqi, A; Popkin, B M

2012-06-01

To test whether a disparity in overweight by socioeconomic status (SES; represented by educational attainment) has emerged among men or women during a recent 17-year period in China. Data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), a panel study including 7314 women and 6492 men, are used to longitudinally track the body mass index (BMI) and odds of overweight by educational attainment among Chinese adults (baseline age 18-50) from 1989 to 2006 to determine whether individuals of low (secondary school) educational attainment experienced a disproportionately faster increase in BMI or odds of overweight (BMI≥25) over time. The unadjusted mean BMI and prevalence of overweight by education are presented. Sex-stratified, random-effects models are used to estimate the associations, and interactions by birth cohort are included. Overweight prevalence doubled for women and tripled for men. In 1989, among women, the odds of overweight were not different for those of high versus those of low educational attainment; however, by 2006, the odds of overweight were significantly lower for those with the highest education in both the younger (odds ratio (OR) 0.22 (CI 0.11, 0.42)) and the older (OR 0.27 (CI 0.10, 0.72)) birth cohorts. The reverse trend is seen for men, who also begin with no difference in odds of overweight by SES, but by 2006, the OR for the highest versus the lowest education group was 3.4 (CI 1.82, 6.18). Over 17 years, low SES has become associated with higher BMI and odds of overweight among Chinese women, whereas high SES remains a risk factor for overweight among Chinese men.

Bounds on Time Reversal Violation From Polarized Neutron Capture With Unpolarized Targets.

PubMed

Davis, E D; Gould, C R; Mitchell, G E; Sharapov, E I

2005-01-01

We have analyzed constraints on parity-odd time-reversal noninvariant interactions derived from measurements of the energy dependence of parity-violating polarized neutron capture on unpolarized targets. As previous authors found, a perturbation in energy dependence due to a parity (P)-odd time (T)-odd interaction is present. However, the perturbation competes with T-even terms which can obscure the T-odd signature. We estimate the magnitudes of these competing terms and suggest strategies for a practicable experiment.

Prenatal Exposure to Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and Obesity at 9 Years of Age in the CHAMACOS Study Cohort

PubMed Central

Warner, Marcella; Wesselink, Amelia; Harley, Kim G.; Bradman, Asa; Kogut, Katherine; Eskenazi, Brenda

2014-01-01

In-utero exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds, including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolite dichlorodiphenylethylene (DDE), has been hypothesized to increase the risk of obesity later in life. We examined the associations of maternal serum concentrations of DDT and DDE during pregnancy with body mass index, obesity, waist circumference, and percentage of body fat in 9-year-old children (n = 261) in the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) Study, a longitudinal birth cohort study in the Salinas Valley, California (2000–2010). We found associations between prenatal exposure to DDT and DDE and several measures of obesity at 9 years of age in boys but not in girls. For example, among boys, 10-fold increases in prenatal DDT and DDE concentrations were associated with increased odds of becoming overweight or obese (for o,p′-DDT, adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 2.5, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0, 6.3; for p,p′-DDT, adjusted OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.0, 4.5; and for p,p′-DDE, adjusted OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 0.94, 4.13). The odds ratios for girls were nonsignificant. Results were similar for body mass index z score, waist circumference z score, and odds of increased waist circumference but were less consistent for percentage of body fat. The difference by sex persisted after considering pubertal status. These results provide support for the chemical obesogen hypothesis. PMID:24722999

Masses from an inhomogeneous partial difference equation with higher-order isospin contributions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Masson, P.J.; Jaenecke, J.

In the present work, a mass equation obtained as the solution of an inhomogeneous partial difference equation is used to predict masses of unknown neutron-rich and proton-rich nuclei. The inhomogeneous source terms contain shell-dependent symmetry energy expressions (quadratic in isospin), and include, as well, an independently derived shell-model Coulomb energy equation which describes all known Coulomb displacement energies with a standarad deviation of sigma/sub c/ = 41 keV. Perturbations of higher order in isospin, previously recognized as a cause of systematic effects in long-range mass extrapolations, are also incorporated. The most general solutions of the inhomogeneous difference equation have beenmore » deduced from a chi/sup 2/-minimization procedure based on the recent atomic mass adjustment of Wapstra, Audi, and Hoekstra. Subjecting the solutions further to the condition of charge symmetry preserves the accuracy of Coulomb energies and allows mass predictions for nuclei with both Ngreater than or equal toZ and Z>N. The solutions correspond to a mass equation with 470 parameters. Using this equation, 4385 mass values have been calculated for nuclei with Agreater than or equal to16 (except N = Z = odd for A<40), with a standard deviation of sigma/sub m/ = 194 keV from the experimental masses. copyright 1988 Academic Press, Inc.« less

Self-Reported Food Hypersensitivity: Prevalence, Characteristics, and Comorbidities in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study

PubMed Central

Braaten, Tonje; Obstfelder, Aud; Abelsen, Birgit

2016-01-01

Background This study aims to investigate the prevalence of self-reported food hypersensitivity, (SFH), the characteristics of women with SFH, and whether SFH is associated with multiple health complaints among the participants of the Norwegian Women and Cancer study (NOWAC). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study among 64,316 women aged 41–76 years. The women were randomly selected from the Norwegian Central Person Register. Information on SFH and all covariates except age and place of residence was collected by questionnaires in 2002–2005. Results The prevalence of SFH in our study sample was 6.8% (95% confidence interval: 6.7–7.0). Logistic regression analysis showed a negative association between SFH and age (odds ratio [OR] 0.97). The odds of SFH increased among women living in or near urban centers, women with more than 9 years of education, women who did not have full-time work, women who had experienced poor economic conditions in childhood, those living without a partner, and those who did not consume alcohol or smoke (OR varied from 1.10 to 1.70). Women with a low body mass index had higher odds of SFH (OR 1.37) than those with a moderate body mass index. SFH was positively associated with poor self-perceived health (OR 2.56). The odds of SFH increased with the number of concurrent health complaints, with an OR for 5–6 comorbidities of 4.93. Conclusion We found an association between SFH, poor health, and different socio demographic and lifestyle characteristics. Women with SFH had increased odds of reporting multiple health complaints. PMID:27992542

Analyses of interactions among pair-rule genes and the gap gene Krüppel in Bombyx segmentation.

PubMed

Nakao, Hajime

2015-09-01

In the short-germ insect Tribolium, a pair-rule gene circuit consisting of the Tribolium homologs of even-skipped, runt, and odd-skipped (Tc-eve, Tc-run and Tc-odd, respectively) has been implicated in segment formation. To examine the application of the model to other taxa, I studied the expression and function of pair-rule genes in Bombyx mori, together with a Bombyx homolog of Krüppel (Bm-Kr), a known gap gene. Knockdown embryos of Bombyx homologs of eve, run and odd (Bm-eve, Bm-run and Bm-odd) exhibited asegmental phenotypes similar to those of Tribolium knockdowns. However, pair-rule gene interactions were similar to those of both Tribolium and Drosophila, which, different from Tribolium, shows a hierarchical segmentation mode. Additionally, the Bm-odd expression pattern shares characteristics with those of Drosophila pair-rule genes that receive upstream regulatory input. On the other hand, Bm-Kr knockdowns exhibited a large posterior segment deletion as observed in short-germ insects. However, a detailed analysis of these embryos indicated that Bm-Kr modulates expression of pair-rule genes like in Drosophila, although the mechanisms appear to be different. This suggested hierarchical interactions between Bm-Kr and pair-rule genes. Based on these results, I concluded that the pair-rule gene circuit model that describes Tribolium development is not applicable to Bombyx. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Construction of even and odd combinations of Morse-like coherent states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Récamier, José; Jáuregui, Rocio

2003-06-01

In this work we construct approximate coherent states for the Morse potential using a method inspired by the f-oscillator formalism (Man'ko et al 1996 Proc. 4th Wigner Symp. ed M Natig, Atakishiyev, T H Seligman and K B Wolf (Singapore: World Scientific) p 421). We make even and odd combinations of these states and evaluate the temporal evolution of the position operator and its dispersion as a function of time when the states evolve under a nonlinear Morse Hamiltonian.

Leading Twist GPDs and Transverse Spin Densities in a Proton

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mondal, Chandan; Maji, Tanmay; Chakrabarti, Dipankar; Zhao, Xingbo

2018-05-01

We present a study of both chirally even and odd generalized parton distributions in the leading twist for the quarks in a proton using the light-front wavefunctions of a quark-diquark model predicted by the holographic QCD. For transversely polarized proton, both chiral even and chiral odd GPDs contribute to the spin densities which are related to the GPDs in transverse impact parameter space. Here, we also present a study of the spin densities for transversely polarized quark and proton.

Outcome-based and Participation-based Wellness Incentives

PubMed Central

Barleen, Nathan A.; Marzec, Mary L.; Boerger, Nicholas L.; Moloney, Daniel P.; Zimmerman, Eric M.; Dobro, Jeff

2017-01-01

Objective: This study examined whether worksite wellness program participation or achievement of health improvement targets differed according to four incentive types (participation-based, hybrid, outcome-based, and no incentive). Methods: The study included individuals who completed biometric health screenings in both 2013 and 2014 and had elevated metrics in 2013 (baseline year). Multivariate logistic regression modeling tested for differences in odds of participation and achievement of health improvement targets between incentive groups; controlling for demographics, employer characteristics, incentive amounts, and other factors. Results: No statistically significant differences between incentive groups occurred for odds of participation or achievement of health improvement target related to body mass index, blood pressure, or nonhigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Conclusions: Given the null findings of this study, employers cannot assume that outcome-based incentives will result in either increased program participation or greater achievement of health improvement targets than participation-based incentives. PMID:28146041

Decreased muscle mass in Korean subjects with intracranial arterial stenosis: The Kangbuk Samsung Health Study.

PubMed

Jung, Ho-Jung; Jung, Hwanseok; Lee, Taeyoung; Kim, Jongho; Park, Jongsin; Kim, Hacsoo; Cho, Junghwan; Lee, Won-Young; Park, Sung-Woo; Rhee, Eun-Jung; Oh, Hyung-Geun

2017-01-01

Intracranial arterial stenosis (ICAS) is a common cause of ischemic stroke in Asians. Decreased muscle mass is one of the major causes of chronic disease in adults. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between muscle mass and ICAS in Korean adults. For this study, we selected a total of 10,530 participants (mean age, 43.3 years; 8558 men) in a health screening program, for whom transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound was used to detect >50% ICAS based on criteria modified from the stroke outcomes and neuroimaging of intracranial atherosclerosis trial. Body composition was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated with muscle mass/weight (kg) * 100. Among the total patient population, 322 (3.1%) subjects had ICAS. Subjects with ICAS were older, and had higher mean values for fasting glucose, body mass index and blood pressure compared with those without ICAS. Subjects with ICAS had significantly lower muscle mass, SMI and higher percent body fat compared with those without ICAS. In logistic regression analysis, the subjects in the highest tertile of muscle mass had the lowest odds ratio for ICAS with the lowest tertile group of muscle mass as the reference group even after adjusting for age, systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, sex, smoking and exercise (OR 0.650, 95% CI 0.442-0.955). Subjects with ICAS had significantly decreased muscle mass compared with those without ICAS in Korean adults. The risk for ICAS was lower in subjects with higher muscle mass. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Geography, Race/Ethnicity, and Obesity Among Men in the United States.

PubMed

Kelley, Elizabeth A; Bowie, Janice V; Griffith, Derek M; Bruce, Marino; Hill, Sarah; Thorpe, Roland J

2016-05-01

The prevalence of obesity in the United States has increased significantly and is a particular concern for minority men. Studies focused at the community and national levels have reported that geography can play a substantial role in contributing to obesity, but little is known about how regional influences contribute to obesity among men. The objective of this study is to examine the association between geographic region and obesity among men in the United States and to determine if there are racial/ethnic differences in obesity within these geographic regions. Data from men, aged 18 years and older, from the National Health Interview Survey were combined for the years 2000 to 2010. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m(2) Logistic regression models were specified to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between geographic region and obesity and for race and obesity within geographic regions. Compared to men living in the Northeast, men living in the Midwest had significantly greater odds of being obese (OR = 1.09, 95% CI [1.02, 1.17]), and men living in the West had lower odds of being obese (OR = 0.82, 95% CI [0.76, 0.89]). Racial/ethnic differences were also observed within geographic region. Black men have greater odds of obesity than White men in the South, West, and Midwest. In the South and West, Hispanic men also have greater odds of obesity than White men. In all regions, Asian men have lower odds of obesity than White men. © The Author(s) 2015.

Comparison of outcomes following laparoscopic and open treatment of emergent small bowel obstruction: an 11-year analysis of ACS NSQIP.

PubMed

Patel, Richa; Borad, Neil P; Merchant, Aziz M

2018-06-04

Small bowel obstruction (SBO) continues to be a common indication for acute care surgery. While open procedures are still widely used for treatment, laparoscopic procedures may have important advantages in certain patient populations. We aim to analyze differences in outcomes between the two for treatment of bowel obstruction. The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program was used to find patients that underwent emergent or non-elective surgery for SBO. Propensity matching was used to create comparable groups. Logistic regression was used to assess differences in the primary outcome of interest, return to operating room, and morbidity and mortality outcomes. Logistic regression was also used to assess the contribution of various preoperative demographic and comorbidity characteristics to 30-day mortality. A total of 24,028 patients underwent surgery for SBO from 2005 to 2011. Of those, 3391 were laparoscopic. Propensity matching resulted in 6782 matched patients. Laparoscopic cases had significantly decreased odds of experiencing any morbidity and wound complications compared to open cases in bowel-resection and adhesiolysis-only cases. There was no significant difference found for odds of returning to operating room. Laparoscopic cases resulted in significantly shorter hospital stays than open cases (7.18 vs.10.84 days, p < 0.0001). Increasing age, American Society of Anesthesiologists class greater than three, and the presence of respiratory comorbidities resulted in increased odds of mortality. Underweight body mass index (BMI) (< 18.5) increased odds of mortality while greater than normal BMI (> 25) decreased odds of mortality. Analysis of emergent SBO cases between 2005 and 2015 demonstrates that laparoscopy is not utilized as often as open approaches in surgical treatment. Laparoscopic surgery resulted in reduced postoperative morbidity and significantly shorter hospital stays compared to open intervention and was not associated with significant differences in odds of reoperation compared to open surgery.

Mass sensing based on deterministic and stochastic responses of elastically coupled nanocantilevers.

PubMed

Gil-Santos, Eduardo; Ramos, Daniel; Jana, Anirban; Calleja, Montserrat; Raman, Arvind; Tamayo, Javier

2009-12-01

Coupled nanomechanical systems and their entangled eigenstates offer unique opportunities for the detection of ultrasmall masses. In this paper we show theoretically and experimentally that the stochastic and deterministic responses of a pair of coupled nanocantilevers provide different and complementary information about the added mass of an analyte and its location. This method allows the sensitive detection of minute quantities of mass even in the presence of large initial differences in the active masses of the two cantilevers. Finally, we show the fundamental limits in mass detection of this sensing paradigm.

Signature inversion / chiral-twin bands in odd-odd Pr nuclei?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fetea, Mirela; Thompson, Sarah

2001-10-01

Over the past few years, sufficient data have been accumulated to enable a meaningful study of the systematic trends of the signature inversion (inversion point shift in spin with increasing proton and neutron numbers in a chain of isotones / isotopes as well as the magnitude of odd-even staggering). Our aim is to understand these systematic features within the framework of particle rotor model including both a residual pn interaction and a γ deformation. Signature inversion is present in the bands of odd-odd nuclei , ^120-130Cs, ^124-132La, ^126-134Pr and ^132-136Pm and having an yrast structure built on π h_11/2ν h_11/2 orbitals. Pr isotopes seem to indicate an inversion decreasing for smaller neutron numbers, trend that is opposite for the Cs nuclei(J.F. Smith et al., Phys. Lett B 406, 7 (1997)). Why? A question that remains to be answered is if there is any relation of signature inversion to chiral twin bands (two ''look alike positive parity'' bands proposed for as in ). The lower band has signature inversion all the way up. Could these effects be related to triaxiality? Can one trust an apparent conclusion suggested by L.L. Riedinger( L.L. Riedinger, talk presented at High) Spin Physics 2001, Warsaw, Poland, February, 2001, to be published in Acta Phys. Pol.: ''signature inversion in an odd-odd band of two quasiparticles pointed along different axes is always associated with the formation of chiral twin bands''?

Renormalization of the Higgs sector in the triplet model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aoki, Mayumi; Kanemura, Shinya; Kikuchi, Mariko; Yagyu, Kei

2012-08-01

We study radiative corrections to the mass spectrum and the triple Higgs boson coupling in the model with an additional Y = 1 triplet field. In this model, the vacuum expectation value for the triplet field is strongly constrained from the electroweak precision data, under which characteristic mass spectrum appear at the tree level; i.e., mH++2 - mH+2 ≃ mH+2 - mA2 and mA2 ≃ mH2, where the CP-even (H), the CP-odd (A) and the doubly-charged (H±±) as well as the singly-charged (H±) Higgs bosons are the triplet-like. We evaluate how the tree-level formulae are modified at the one-loop level. The hhh coupling for the standard model-like Higgs boson (h) is also calculated at the one-loop level. One-loop corrections to these quantities can be large enough for identification of the model by future precision data at the LHC or the International Linear Collider.

"I Find It Odd That People Have to Highlight Other People's Differences--Even When There Are None": Experiential Learning and Interculturality in Teacher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dervin, Fred

2017-01-01

This article examines the role of experiential learning in developing intercultural competences in the context of teacher education in Finland. Local and foreign students studying to become teachers were asked to write five short narratives each about meaningful intercultural encounters they experienced prior to enrolling in an intercultural…

Longitudinal changes in infant body composition: association with childhood obesity.

PubMed

Koontz, M B; Gunzler, D D; Presley, L; Catalano, P M

2014-12-01

Rapid weight gain in infancy has been established as a risk factor for the development of later obesity. We aimed to investigate the role of changes in infant body composition (assessed via total body electrical conductivity) on the development of overweight/obesity in mid-childhood. Fifty-three term infants were evaluated at birth, three times during infancy and in mid-childhood. Logistic regression was used to determine associations between rates of total weight gain, fat mass gain and lean mass gain during infancy and later overweight/obesity (defined as body mass index [BMI] ≥85th percentile), adjusted for birth weight and parent education. At follow-up (age 9.0 ± 1.8 years), 30% were overweight/obese. More rapid total weight gain from 0 to 4 months was associated with twofold odds (odds ratio [OR] 1.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05-3.74, P = 0.04) of overweight/obesity in mid-childhood. From 0 to 8 months, more rapid weight gain was associated with nearly fivefold odds (OR 4.76, 95% CI 1.05-21.5, P = 0.04), and more rapid fat mass gain was associated with eightfold odds (OR 8.03, 95% CI 1.11-58.2, P = 0.04) of later overweight/obesity. This exploratory study suggests that rapid weight gain, especially fat mass gain, in earlier infancy predisposes to mid-childhood overweight/obesity. © 2014 World Obesity.

Association of Low Lean Mass With Frailty and Physical Performance: A Comparison Between Two Operational Definitions of Sarcopenia-Data From the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II).

PubMed

Spira, Dominik; Buchmann, Nikolaus; Nikolov, Jivko; Demuth, Ilja; Steinhagen-Thiessen, Elisabeth; Eckardt, Rahel; Norman, Kristina

2015-06-01

For prevention and treatment of sarcopenia, defined as a decline in lean mass, reliable diagnostic criteria and cutpoints reflecting a clinically relevant threshold are indispensable. As of yet, various parameters have been proposed but no gold standard exists. The aim of this study was to compare cutpoints of appendicular lean mass related to body mass index (ALMBMI) or height (ALM/height(2)) regarding their association with self-reported physical limitations and frailty status in a sample of community-dwelling older adults. A total of 1,343 participants from the Berlin Aging Study II were included. ALM index was assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Limitations in physical performance were assessed via questionnaire and frailty status was defined according to the Fried criteria. In a risk factor-adjusted analysis, participants with an ALMBMI below the cutpoints had 1.4-2.8 times higher odds of difficulties in several domains of physical activity (p = .031 to p < .0001) compared with participants with normal ALMBMI. In participants with low ALM/height(2), no associations with physical limitations were found. Moreover, the odds of being prefrail/frail were statistically significant for the low ALMBMI group only (odds ratio = 2.403, 95% confidence interval: 1.671-3.454, p < .0001) and not for the low ALM/height(2) group. This study showed striking differences between the two operational criteria ALM/height(2) and ALMBMI concerning their association with physical limitations and prefrailty/frailty. The low ALMBMI cutpoints seem suitable to detect patients at risk for negative outcomes such as frailty who might benefit from interventions targeted at improving lean mass. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Pairing and (9/2)n configuration in nuclei in the 208Pb region

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stepanov, M.; Imasheva, L.; Ishkhanov, B.; Tretyakova, T.

2018-04-01

Excited states in low-energy spectra in nuclei near 208Pb are considered. The pure (j = 9/2)n configuration approximation with delta-force is used for ground state multiplet calculations. The multiplet splitting is determined by the pairing energy, which can be defined from the even-odd straggering of the nuclear masses. For the configurations with more than two valence nucleons, the seniority scheme is used. The results of the calculations agree with the experimental data for both stable and exotic nuclei within 0.06-6.16%. Due to simplicity and absence of the fitted parameters, the model can be easily applied for studies of nature of the excited states in a wide range of nuclei.

Constraining scalar resonances with top-quark pair production at the LHC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Franzosi, Diogo Buarque; Fabbri, Federica; Schumann, Steffen

2018-03-01

Constraints on models which predict resonant top-quark pair production at the LHC are provided via a reinterpretation of the Standard Model (SM) particle level measurement of the top-anti-top invariant mass distribution, m(t\\overline{t}) . We make use of state-of-the-art Monte Carlo event simulation to perform a direct comparison with measurements of m(t\\overline{t}) in the semi-leptonic channels, considering both the boosted and the resolved regime of the hadronic top decays. A simplified model to describe various scalar resonances decaying into top-quarks is considered, including CP-even and CP-odd, color-singlet and color-octet states, and the excluded regions in the respective parameter spaces are provided.

Orientifolding of the ABJ Fermi gas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Okuyama, Kazumi

2016-03-01

The grand partition functions of ABJ theory can be factorized into even and odd parts under the reflection of fermion coordinate in the Fermi gas approach. In some cases, the even/odd part of ABJ grand partition function is equal to that of {N}=5O(n)× USp({n}^') theory, hence it is natural to think of the even/odd projection of grand partition function as an orientifolding of ABJ Fermi gas system. By a systematic WKB analysis, we determine the coefficients in the perturbative part of grand potential of such orientifold ABJ theory. We also find the exact form of the first few "half-instanton" corrections coming from the twisted sector of the reflection of fermion coordinate. For the Chern-Simons level k = 2 ,4 ,8 we find closed form expressions of the grand partition functions of orientifold ABJ theory, and for k = 2 , 4 we prove the functional relations among the grand partition functions conjectured in arXiv:1410.7658.

Structure of the nucleon's low-lying excitations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Chen; El-Bennich, Bruno; Roberts, Craig D.; Schmidt, Sebastian M.; Segovia, Jorge; Wan, Shaolong

2018-02-01

A continuum approach to the three valence-quark bound-state problem in quantum field theory is used to perform a comparative study of the four lightest (I =1 /2 ,JP=1 /2±) baryon isospin doublets in order to elucidate their structural similarities and differences. Such analyses predict the presence of nonpointlike, electromagnetically active quark-quark (diquark) correlations within all baryons; and in these doublets, isoscalar-scalar, isovector-pseudovector, isoscalar-pseudoscalar, and vector diquarks can all play a role. In the two lightest (1 /2 ,1 /2+) doublets, however, scalar and pseudovector diquarks are overwhelmingly dominant. The associated rest-frame wave functions are largely S -wave in nature; and the first excited state in this 1 /2+ channel has the appearance of a radial excitation of the ground state. The two lightest (1 /2 ,1 /2-) doublets fit a different picture: accurate estimates of their masses are obtained by retaining only pseudovector diquarks; in their rest frames, the amplitudes describing their dressed-quark cores contain roughly equal fractions of even- and odd-parity diquarks; and the associated wave functions are predominantly P -wave in nature, but possess measurable S -wave components. Moreover, the first excited state in each negative-parity channel has little of the appearance of a radial excitation. In quantum field theory, all differences between positive- and negative-parity channels must owe to chiral symmetry breaking, which is overwhelmingly dynamical in the light-quark sector. Consequently, experiments that can validate the contrasts drawn herein between the structure of the four lightest (1 /2 ,1 /2±) doublets will prove valuable in testing links between emergent mass generation and observable phenomena and, plausibly, thereby revealing dynamical features of confinement.

A novel approach to quantifying the sensitivity of current and future cosmological datasets to the neutrino mass ordering through Bayesian hierarchical modeling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gerbino, Martina; Lattanzi, Massimiliano; Mena, Olga; Freese, Katherine

2017-12-01

We present a novel approach to derive constraints on neutrino masses, as well as on other cosmological parameters, from cosmological data, while taking into account our ignorance of the neutrino mass ordering. We derive constraints from a combination of current as well as future cosmological datasets on the total neutrino mass Mν and on the mass fractions fν,i =mi /Mν (where the index i = 1 , 2 , 3 indicates the three mass eigenstates) carried by each of the mass eigenstates mi, after marginalizing over the (unknown) neutrino mass ordering, either normal ordering (NH) or inverted ordering (IH). The bounds on all the cosmological parameters, including those on the total neutrino mass, take therefore into account the uncertainty related to our ignorance of the mass hierarchy that is actually realized in nature. This novel approach is carried out in the framework of Bayesian analysis of a typical hierarchical problem, where the distribution of the parameters of the model depends on further parameters, the hyperparameters. In this context, the choice of the neutrino mass ordering is modeled via the discrete hyperparameterhtype, which we introduce in the usual Markov chain analysis. The preference from cosmological data for either the NH or the IH scenarios is then simply encoded in the posterior distribution of the hyperparameter itself. Current cosmic microwave background (CMB) measurements assign equal odds to the two hierarchies, and are thus unable to distinguish between them. However, after the addition of baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements, a weak preference for the normal hierarchical scenario appears, with odds of 4 : 3 from Planck temperature and large-scale polarization in combination with BAO (3 : 2 if small-scale polarization is also included). Concerning next-generation cosmological experiments, forecasts suggest that the combination of upcoming CMB (COrE) and BAO surveys (DESI) may determine the neutrino mass hierarchy at a high statistical significance if the mass is very close to the minimal value allowed by oscillation experiments, as for NH and a fiducial value of Mν = 0.06 eV there is a 9 : 1 preference of normal versus inverted hierarchy. On the contrary, if the sum of the masses is of the order of 0.1 eV or larger, even future cosmological observations will be inconclusive. The innovative statistical strategy exploited here represents a very simple, efficient and robust tool to study the sensitivity of present and future cosmological data to the neutrino mass hierarchy, and a sound competitor to the standard Bayesian model comparison. The unbiased limit on Mν we obtain is crucial for ongoing and planned neutrinoless double beta decay searches.

Human middle-ear nonlinearity measurements using laser Doppler vibrometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gladiné, Kilian; Muyshondt, Pieter G. G.; Dirckx, Joris J. J.

2017-12-01

It has long been supposed that the middle-ear has near to perfect linear characteristics, and several attempts have been made to investigate this hypothesis. In conclusion, the middle-ear was regarded as a linear system at least up till sound pressure levels of 120 dB. Because of the linear relationship between Doppler shift of light and the vibration velocity of the object on which the light is reflected, laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV) is an intrinsically highly linear measurement technique. Therefore it allows straightforward detection of very small nonlinearities in a vibration response. In this paper, laser Doppler vibrometry and multisine stimulation are used to detect nonlinear distortions in the vibration response at the umbo of the tympanic membrane of seven human cadaver temporal bones. Nonlinear distortions were detected starting from sound pressure levels of 99 dB and measurements were performed up to 120 dB. These distortions can be subdivided into even degree (e.g. quadratic distortion tones) and odd degree nonlinear distortions (e.g. cubic distortion tones). We illustrate that with odd multisine stimulation the level of even and odd degree nonlinear distortions can be investigated separately. In conclusion, laser Doppler vibrometry is an adequate tool to detect nonlinear distortions in the middle-ear system and to quantify the level of such distortions even at 57 dB below the vibration response. The possibility to analyze even degree and odd degree nonlinear distortion levels separately can help in future work to pinpoint the source of the nonlinearity.

Evaluation of the organic matter sources using the δ13C composition of individual n-alkanes in sediments from Brazilian estuarine systems by GC/C/IRMS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maioli, Otávio Luiz Gusso; de Oliveira, Cristiane Rossi; Dal Sasso, Marco Aurélio; Madureira, Luiz Augusto dos Santos; Azevedo, Débora de Almeida; de Aquino Neto, Francisco Radler

2012-12-01

The δ13C composition of individual n-alkanes (from C16 to C34) was measured from surface sediments of five Brazilian estuarine systems affected by different organic matter sources, such as harbor area, industries, urban centers and sugar cane crops, in order to determine the origins of the organic matter. The aliphatic hydrocarbon fraction was analyzed by gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS). The levels of n-alkanes in the studied areas ranged from 0.34 to 18.14 μg kg-1, being relatively low in comparison to high polluted environments. The Carbon Preference Index (CPI) calculated in the C23-C34 range indicates that n-alkanes are mainly inherited from cuticular waxes of higher plants. The δ13C composition of all n-alkanes detected in the sediment samples ranged from -39.6 to -18.3‰ showing different sources for the studied estuarine systems. Through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) it was possible to verify the petrogenic influence in the n-alkane sources, especially in the Paraíba do Sul sediment samples. Differences up to 15‰ of the δ13C values between n-alkanes of odd and even carbon number (C26 and C27) also indicated mixture of petrogenic and biogenic sources in Paraíba do Sul River. High (less negative) δ13C n-alkane values of odd carbon number were obtained from two sampling sites located close to an ethanol plant, indicating residues discharge of sugar cane (C4 plant). Influence of C3 plants that are the main components of dense ombrophile forest was observed in the Itajaí-Açu sediments by the decrease of δ13C (about 10‰ compared to the Paraíba do Sul River δ13C).

Migraine and the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder among a cohort of pregnant women.

PubMed

Friedman, Lauren E; Aponte, Christina; Perez Hernandez, Rigoberto; Velez, Juan Carlos; Gelaye, Bizu; Sánchez, Sixto E; Williams, Michelle A; Peterlin, B Lee

2017-12-01

Individually both migraine and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevalence estimates are higher among women. However, there is limited data on the association of migraine and PTSD in women during pregnancy. We examined the association between migraine and PTSD among women attending prenatal clinics in Peru. Migraine was characterized using the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD)-III beta criteria. PTSD was assessed using the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) after adjusting for confounders. Of the 2922 pregnant women included, 33.5% fulfilled criteria for any migraine (migraine 12.5%; probable migraine 21.0%) and 37.4% fulfilled PTSD criteria. Even when controlling for depression, women with any migraine had almost a 2-fold increased odds of PTSD (OR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.64-2.37) as compared to women without migraine. Specifically, women with migraine alone (i.e. excluding probable migraine) had a 2.85-fold increased odds of PTSD (95% CI: 2.18-3.74), and women with probable migraine alone had a 1.61-fold increased odds of PTSD (95% CI: 1.30-1.99) as compared to those without migraine, even after controlling for depression. In those women with both migraine and comorbid depression, the odds of PTSD in all migraine categories were even further increased as compared to those women without migraine. In a cohort of pregnant women, irrespective of the presence or absence of depression, the odds of PTSD is increased in those with migraine. Our findings suggest the importance of screening for PTSD, specifically in pregnant women with migraine.

A suppression of differential rotation in Jupiter’s deep interior

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guillot, T.; Miguel, Y.; Militzer, B.; Hubbard, W. B.; Kaspi, Y.; Galanti, E.; Cao, H.; Helled, R.; Wahl, S. M.; Iess, L.; Folkner, W. M.; Stevenson, D. J.; Lunine, J. I.; Reese, D. R.; Biekman, A.; Parisi, M.; Durante, D.; Connerney, J. E. P.; Levin, S. M.; Bolton, S. J.

2018-03-01

Jupiter’s atmosphere is rotating differentially, with zones and belts rotating at speeds that differ by up to 100 metres per second. Whether this is also true of the gas giant’s interior has been unknown, limiting our ability to probe the structure and composition of the planet. The discovery by the Juno spacecraft that Jupiter’s gravity field is north–south asymmetric and the determination of its non-zero odd gravitational harmonics J3, J5, J7 and J9 demonstrates that the observed zonal cloud flow must persist to a depth of about 3,000 kilometres from the cloud tops. Here we report an analysis of Jupiter’s even gravitational harmonics J4, J6, J8 and J10 as observed by Juno and compared to the predictions of interior models. We find that the deep interior of the planet rotates nearly as a rigid body, with differential rotation decreasing by at least an order of magnitude compared to the atmosphere. Moreover, we find that the atmospheric zonal flow extends to more than 2,000 kilometres and to less than 3,500 kilometres, making it fully consistent with the constraints obtained independently from the odd gravitational harmonics. This depth corresponds to the point at which the electric conductivity becomes large and magnetic drag should suppress differential rotation. Given that electric conductivity is dependent on planetary mass, we expect the outer, differentially rotating region to be at least three times deeper in Saturn and to be shallower in massive giant planets and brown dwarfs.

Pseudoscalar Meson Electroproduction and Transversity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goldstein, Gary R.; Liuti, Simonetta

2011-02-01

Exclusive meson leptoproduction from nucleons in the deeply virtual exchanged boson limit can be described by generalized parton distributions (GPDs). Including spin dependence in the description requires 8 independent quark-parton and gluon-parton functions. The chiral even subset of 4 quark-nucleon GPDs are related to nucleon form factors and to parton distribution functions. The chiral odd set of 4 quark-nucleon GPDs are related to transversity, the tensor charge, and other quantities related to transversity. Different meson or photon production processes access different combinations of GPDs. This is analyzed in terms of t-channel exchange quantum numbers, JPC and it is shown that pseudoscalar production can isolate chiral odd GPDs. There is a sensitive dependence in various cross sections and asymmetries on the tensor charge of the nucleon and other transversity parameters. In a second section, analyticity and completeness are shown to limit the partonic interpret ation of the GPDs in the ERBL region.

Sex disparities in diabetes process of care measures and self-care in high-risk patients.

PubMed

Yu, Margaret K; Lyles, Courtney Rees; Bent-Shaw, Luis A; Young, Bessie A

2013-01-01

Patients with chronic diabetic complications experience high morbidity and mortality. Sex disparities in modifiable factors such as processes of care or self-care activities have not been explored in detail, particularly in these high-risk patients. Sex differences in processes of care and self-care activities were assessed in a cross-sectional analysis of the Pathways Study, an observational cohort of primary care diabetic patients from a managed care organization (N = 4,839). Compared to men, women had decreased odds of dyslipidemia screening (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.73, 95% CI 0.62-0.85), reaching low-density lipoprotein goal (AOR 0.70, 95% CI 0.58-0.86), and statin use (AOR 0.69, 95% CI 0.58-0.81); women had 19% greater odds of reaching hemoglobin A1c <7% (95% CI 1.02-1.41). There were no sex differences in hemoglobin A1c testing, microalbuminuria screening, or angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use. Women were less likely to report regular exercise but had better adherence to healthy diet, glucose monitoring, and self-foot examination compared to men. Patterns of sex differences were consistent in subjects with diabetic complications. Significant sex disparities exist in diabetes process of care measures and self-care, even amongst patients known to have chronic diabetic complications.

Two-neutron decay within RMF+BCS approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumawat, M.; Singh, U. K.; Saxena, G.; Kaushik, M.; Jain, S. K.

2018-05-01

A theoretical global study has been done for identifying possible candidates of 2n-radioactivity for all even and odd nuclei under proton number Z ≤ 40 by employing Relativistic Mean-Filed plus BCS (RMF+BCS) approach. We investigate two-and one-neutron separation energy, deformation, pairing energy, wave-function, potential and other ground state properties for our study of even and odd Z nuclei to find candidates of 2n-decay within Z ≤ 40. These results are found in agreement of recent experiments and consistent with other parameters of RMF and other theories.

Symmetry in running.

PubMed

Raibert, M H

1986-03-14

Symmetry plays a key role in simplifying the control of legged robots and in giving them the ability to run and balance. The symmetries studied describe motion of the body and legs in terms of even and odd functions of time. A legged system running with these symmetries travels with a fixed forward speed and a stable upright posture. The symmetries used for controlling legged robots may help in elucidating the legged behavior of animals. Measurements of running in the cat and human show that the feet and body sometimes move as predicted by the even and odd symmetry functions.

Reflection asymmetry in odd-A and odd-odd actinium nuclei

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ahmad, I.

1993-09-01

Theoretical calculations and measurements indicate that octupole correlations are at a maximum in the ground states of the odd-proton nuclei Ac and Pa. It has been expected that odd-odd nuclei should have even larger amount of octupole-octupole correlations. We have recently made measurements on the structure of {sup 224}Ac. Although spin and parity assignments could not be made, two bands starting at 354.1 and 360.0 keV have properties characteristic of reflection asymmetric shape. These two bands have very similar rotational constants and also similar alpha decay rates, which suggest similarity between the wavefunctions of these bands. These signatures provide evidencemore » for octupole correlations in these nuclides.« less

New Evaluated Semi-Empirical Formula Using Optical Model for 14-15 MeV ( n, t) Reaction Cross Sections

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tel, E.; Durgu, C.; Aydın, A.; Bölükdemir, M. H.; Kaplan, A.; Okuducu, Ş.

2009-12-01

In the next century the world will face the need for new energy sources. Nuclear fusion can be one of the most attractive sources of energy from the viewpoint of safety and minimal environmental impact. Fusion will not produce CO2 or SO2 and thus will not contribute to global warming or acid rain. Achieving acceptable performance for a fusion power system in the areas of economics, safety and environmental acceptability, is critically dependent on performance of the blanket and diverter systems which are the primary heat recovery, plasma purification, and tritium breeding systems. Tritium self-sufficiency must be maintained for a commercial power plant. The hybrid reactor is a combination of the fusion and fission processes. For self-sustaining (D-T) fusion driver tritium breeding ratio should be greater than 1.05. So working out the systematics of ( n, t) reaction cross-sections are of great importance for the definition of the excitation function character for the given reaction taking place on various nuclei at energies up to 20 MeV. In this study, we have calculated non-elastic cross-sections by using optical model for ( n, t) reactions at 14-15 MeV energy. We have investigated the excitation function character and reaction Q-values depending on the asymmetry term effect for the ( n, t) reaction cross-sections. We have obtained new coefficients for the ( n, t) reaction cross-sections. We have suggested semi-empirical formulas including optical model nonelastic effects by fitting two parameters for the ( n, t) reaction cross-sections at 14-15 MeV. We have discussed the odd-even effect and the pairing effect considering binding energy systematic of the nuclear shell model for the new experimental data and new cross-sections formulas ( n, t) reactions developed by Tel et al. We have determined a different parameter groups by the classification of nuclei into even-even, even-odd and odd-even for ( n, t) reactions cross-sections. The obtained cross-section formulas with new coefficients have been discussed and compared with the available experimental data.

A Study of the Unstable Modes in High Mach Number Gaseous Jets and Shear Layers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bassett, Gene Marcel

1993-01-01

Instabilities affecting the propagation of supersonic gaseous jets have been studied using high resolution computer simulations with the Piecewise-Parabolic-Method (PPM). These results are discussed in relation to jets from galactic nuclei. These studies involve a detailed treatment of a single section of a very long jet, approximating the dynamics by using periodic boundary conditions. Shear layer simulations have explored the effects of shear layers on the growth of nonlinear instabilities. Convergence of the numerical approximations has been tested by comparing jet simulations with different grid resolutions. The effects of initial conditions and geometry on the dominant disruptive instabilities have also been explored. Simulations of shear layers with a variety of thicknesses, Mach numbers and densities perturbed by incident sound waves imply that the time for the excited kink modes to grow large in amplitude and disrupt the shear layer is taug = (546 +/- 24) (M/4)^{1.7 } (Apert/0.02) ^{-0.4} delta/c, where M is the jet Mach number, delta is the half-width of the shear layer, and A_ {pert} is the perturbation amplitude. For simulations of periodic jets, the initial velocity perturbations set up zig-zag shock patterns inside the jet. In each case a single zig-zag shock pattern (an odd mode) or a double zig-zag shock pattern (an even mode) grows to dominate the flow. The dominant kink instability responsible for these shock patterns moves approximately at the linear resonance velocity, nu_ {mode} = cextnu_ {relative}/(cjet + c_ {ext}). For high resolution simulations (those with 150 or more computational zones across the jet width), the even mode dominates if the even penetration is higher in amplitude initially than the odd perturbation. For low resolution simulations, the odd mode dominates even for a stronger even mode perturbation. In high resolution simulations the jet boundary rolls up and large amounts of external gas are entrained into the jet. In low resolution simulations this entrainment process is impeded by numerical viscosity. The three-dimensional jet simulations behave similarly to two-dimensional jet runs with the same grid resolutions.

A comparative analysis of North American adolescent and adult mass murderers.

PubMed

Meloy, J Reid; Hempel, Anthony G; Gray, B Thomas; Mohandie, Kris; Shiva, Andrew; Richards, Thomas C

2004-01-01

Thirty adult mass murderers and 34 adolescent mass murderers in North America are compared on both offender and offense variables to delineate similarities and differences. Findings indicate a plethora of psychiatric disturbances and odd/reclusive and acting-out personality traits. Predisposing factors include a fascination with weapons and war among many of the adolescents and the development of a "warrior mentality" in most of the adults. Precipitating factors indicate a major rejection or loss in the hours or days preceding the mass murder. Results are interpreted through the lens of threat assessment for targeted violence (Borum, Fein, Vossekuil, & Bergland 1999), recognizing that a fact-based, dynamic behavioral approach is most useful for mitigating risk of such an extremely low-base-rate violent crime. Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Predictors of re-employment: a question of attitude, behavior, or gender?

PubMed

Andersson, Kin

2015-08-01

This longitudinal study examined the predictive value of attitudes, personal-related variables, job search behaviour, and demographic variables on re-employment among 142 assembly workers who had been made redundant. Participants completed a questionnaire within a week after leaving their jobs, and another 15 months later. Results of hierarchical logistic regression revealed that gender (being male), was the strongest predictor of re-employment. Willingness to relocate and desire to change occupation also increased the odds of re-employment 15 months after dismissal. On the other hand - having children at home and anonymous-passive job-search behaviour, which is more prevalent among women, decreased the odds for re-employment. The study is contributing to research by revealing gender differences in job search behaviour and the importance of focusing qualitative differences instead of merely quantitative measures in job-search behaviour. And even more important, despite attitude and job-search behaviour, there is still differences that seems to be related to gender and family responsibility. © 2015 Scandinavian Psychological Associations and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Spin-dependent γ softness or triaxiality in even-even 132-138Nd nuclei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chai, Qing-Zhen; Wang, Hua-Lei; Yang, Qiong; Liu, Min-Liang

2015-02-01

The properties of γ instability in rapidly rotating even-even 132-138Nd isotopes have been investigated using the pairing-deformation self-consistent total-Routhian-surface calculations in a deformation space of (β2, γ, β4). It is found that even-even 134-138Nd nuclei exhibit triaxiality in both ground and excited states, even up to high-spin states. The lightest isotope possesses a well-deformed prolate shape without a γ deformation component. The current numerical results are compared with previous calculations and available observables such as quadrupole deformation β2 and the feature of γ-band levels, showing basically a general agreement with the observed trend of γ correlations (e.g. the pattern of the odd-even energy staggering of the γ band). The existing differences between theory and experiment are analyzed and discussed briefly. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (10805040,11175217), Foundation and Advanced Technology Research Program of Henan Province(132300410125) and S & T Research Key Program of Henan Province Education Department (13A140667)

Inherent flexibility determines the transition mechanisms of the EF-hands of calmodulin.

PubMed

Tripathi, Swarnendu; Portman, John J

2009-02-17

We explore how inherent flexibility of a protein molecule influences the mechanism controlling allosteric transitions by using a variational model inspired from work in protein folding. The striking differences in the predicted transition mechanism for the opening of the two domains of calmodulin (CaM) emphasize that inherent flexibility is key to understanding the complex conformational changes that occur in proteins. In particular, the C-terminal domain of CaM (cCaM), which is inherently less flexible than its N-terminal domain (nCaM), reveals "cracking" or local partial unfolding during the open/closed transition. This result is in harmony with the picture that cracking relieves local stresses caused by conformational deformations of a sufficiently rigid protein. We also compare the conformational transition in a recently studied even-odd paired fragment of CaM. Our results rationalize the different relative binding affinities of the EF-hands in the engineered fragment compared with the intact odd-even paired EF-hands (nCaM and cCaM) in terms of changes in flexibility along the transition route. Aside from elucidating general theoretical ideas about the cracking mechanism, these studies also emphasize how the remarkable intrinsic plasticity of CaM underlies conformational dynamics essential for its diverse functions.

Optical absorption of zigzag single walled boron nitride nanotubes in axial magnetic field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chegel, Raad; Behzad, Somayeh

2013-11-01

We have investigated the effect of axial magnetic field on the band structure, dipole matrix elements and absorption spectrum in different energy ranges, using tight binding approximation. It is found that magnetic field breaks the degeneracy in the band structure and creates new allowed transitions in the dipole matrix which leads to creation of new peaks in the absorption spectrum. It is found that, unlike to CNTs which show metallic-semiconductor transition, the BNNTs remain semiconductor in any magnetic field strength. By calculation the diameter dependence of peak positions, we found that the positions of three first peaks in the lower energy region (E <5.3 eV) are proportional to n-2. In the middle energy region (7 < E < 7.5 eV) all (n, 0) zigzag BNNTs, with even and odd nanotube index, have two distinct peaks in the absence of magnetic field which these peaks may be used to identify zigzag BNNTs from other tube chiralities. For odd (even) tubes, in the middle energy region, applying the magnetic field leads to splitting of these two peaks into three (five) distinct peaks.

Measurement of Jupiter’s asymmetric gravity field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Iess, L.; Folkner, W. M.; Durante, D.; Parisi, M.; Kaspi, Y.; Galanti, E.; Guillot, T.; Hubbard, W. B.; Stevenson, D. J.; Anderson, J. D.; Buccino, D. R.; Casajus, L. Gomez; Milani, A.; Park, R.; Racioppa, P.; Serra, D.; Tortora, P.; Zannoni, M.; Cao, H.; Helled, R.; Lunine, J. I.; Miguel, Y.; Militzer, B.; Wahl, S.; Connerney, J. E. P.; Levin, S. M.; Bolton, S. J.

2018-03-01

The gravity harmonics of a fluid, rotating planet can be decomposed into static components arising from solid-body rotation and dynamic components arising from flows. In the absence of internal dynamics, the gravity field is axially and hemispherically symmetric and is dominated by even zonal gravity harmonics J2n that are approximately proportional to qn, where q is the ratio between centrifugal acceleration and gravity at the planet’s equator. Any asymmetry in the gravity field is attributed to differential rotation and deep atmospheric flows. The odd harmonics, J3, J5, J7, J9 and higher, are a measure of the depth of the winds in the different zones of the atmosphere. Here we report measurements of Jupiter’s gravity harmonics (both even and odd) through precise Doppler tracking of the Juno spacecraft in its polar orbit around Jupiter. We find a north–south asymmetry, which is a signature of atmospheric and interior flows. Analysis of the harmonics, described in two accompanying papers, provides the vertical profile of the winds and precise constraints for the depth of Jupiter’s dynamical atmosphere.

Influence of Musical Enculturation on Brain Responses to Metric Deviants

PubMed Central

Haumann, Niels T.; Vuust, Peter; Bertelsen, Freja; Garza-Villarreal, Eduardo A.

2018-01-01

The ability to recognize metric accents is fundamental in both music and language perception. It has been suggested that music listeners prefer rhythms that follow simple binary meters, which are common in Western music. This means that listeners expect odd-numbered beats to be strong and even-numbered beats to be weak. In support of this, studies have shown that listeners exposed to Western music show stronger novelty and incongruity related P3 and irregularity detection related mismatch negativity (MMN) brain responses to attenuated odd- than attenuated even-numbered metric positions. Furthermore, behavioral evidence suggests that music listeners' preferences can be changed by long-term exposure to non-Western rhythms and meters, e.g., by listening to African or Balkan music. In our study, we investigated whether it might be possible to measure effects of music enculturation on neural responses to attenuated tones on specific metric positions. We compared the magnetic mismatch negativity (MMNm) to attenuated beats in a “Western group” of listeners (n = 12) mainly exposed to Western music and a “Bicultural group” of listeners (n = 13) exposed for at least 1 year to both Sub-Saharan African music in addition to Western music. We found that in the “Western group” the MMNm was higher in amplitude to deviant tones on odd compared to even metric positions, but not in the “Bicultural group.” In support of this finding, there was also a trend of the “Western group” to rate omitted beats as more surprising on odd than even metric positions, whereas the “Bicultural group” seemed to discriminate less between metric positions in terms of surprise ratings. Also, we observed that the overall latency of the MMNm was significantly shorter in the Bicultural group compared to the Western group. These effects were not biased by possible differences in rhythm perception ability or music training, measured with the Musical Ear Test (MET). Furthermore, source localization analyses suggest that auditory, inferior temporal, sensory-motor, superior frontal, and parahippocampal regions might be involved in eliciting the MMNm to the metric deviants. These findings suggest that effects of music enculturation can be measured on MMNm responses to attenuated tones on specific metric positions. PMID:29720932

Childhood family structure and women's adult overweight risk: A longitudinal study.

PubMed

Chaparro, M Pia; de Luna, Xavier; Häggström, Jenny; Ivarsson, Anneli; Lindgren, Urban; Nilsson, Karina; Koupil, Ilona

2017-07-01

The aim of this study was to investigate whether women's adult overweight and obesity risk was associated with their childhood family structure, measured as their mothers' marital status history, during the women's first 18 years of life. Using linked register data, we analyzed 30,584 primiparous women born in Sweden in 1975 who were between 19-35 years of age when their height and pre-pregnancy weight was recorded. The outcomes were women's overweight/obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m 2 ) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 ) and the predictor was mothers' marital status history, which was summarized using sequence analysis. We carried out nested logistic regression models adjusting for women's age and maternal sociodemographic characteristics. Mothers' marital status history was summarized into six clusters: stable marriage, stable cohabitation, married then divorcing, cohabiting then separating, varied transitions, and not with father. In fully adjusted models and compared with women whose mothers belonged to the stable marriage cluster: (1) women whose mothers belonged to the other marital status clusters had higher odds of overweight/obesity (odds ratio (OR) ranging 1.15-1.19; p < 0.05); and (2) women whose mothers belonged to the stable cohabitation (OR = 1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.14-1.52), cohabiting then separating (OR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.01-1.49), varied transitions (OR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.11-1.39), and not with father (OR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.00-1.54) clusters had higher odds of obesity. Women whose mothers were not in stable marriage relationships had higher odds of being overweight or obese in adulthood. The finding that even women raised in the context of stable cohabitation had higher odds of being overweight or obese is intriguing as these relationships are socially accepted in Sweden.

A sequential extraction and hydrolysis approach to understand the chemical nature of soil water repellency

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mao, Jiefei; Dekker, Stefan C.; Nierop, Klaas G. J.

2014-05-01

Soil water repellency (SWR) biomarkers (SWR-biomarkers) are defined as hydrophobic organic compounds in soils causing SWR and originating from vegetation or microbes (Doerr et al., 2000). Free lipids and ester-bound biopolymers (cutins and suberins) are usually seen in the aliphatic part of soil organic matter (SOM) (Nierop, 1998). The method of sequential extraction can divide hydrophobic compounds into individual fractions with different characteristics. We aim to find out the SWR-biomarkers in soils within different fractions, investigate the effects of fractions on SWR and link them to their original sources. To extract free and ester-bound lipids from sandy soils, DCM (dichloromethane)/MeOH (methanol) and IPA(isopropanol)/NH3 were used in sequential steps. As a result, three fractions were obtained during these sequential experiments: a DCM/MeOH soluble fraction (D), a DCM-MeOH soluble (AS) fraction of IPA/NH3 extracts and its insoluble (AI) fraction. To date, research was limited to (organic) extractable fractions only. To investigate the DCM-MeOH insoluble part of IPA/NH3 extracts they were depolymerised by trans-methylation using BF3-MeOH. All fractions were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. After DCM/MeOH extraction, water repellency of 80% of the soils studied increased while SWR of the other soils remained at the same level. Straight-chain fatty acids, alcohols and alkanes were the main compound groups in the D fractions. The distribution of fatty acids (C20-C32) and alcohols (C20-C32), both of which with an even-over-odd predominance suggest their source were higher plants, and so did the odd-over-even predominated alkanes. After extraction by IPA/NH3 , most soils became non-repellent. Both fatty acids (C16-C32) and alcohols (C16-C30) with an even-over-odd predominance were also found in the AS fractions, whereas no alkanes were detected. There were four main component groups identified in the AI fractions: fatty acids, alcohols, ω-hydroxy fatty acids and α,ω-dicarboxylic acids. Aside from fatty acids and alcohols, the latter two compound groups were considered as the main groups of monomers released from suberins. Therefore, suberin-derived compounds were most abundant in the AI fractions suggesting that plant roots could be the main source of AI fractions. We will present some of the relations between fractions/compounds and SWR to show that this approach may be an effective tool to improve our understanding of SWR mechanisms. We present relations between fractions/compounds from SOM with SWR to determine SWR-biomarkers. By assessing the origin of these biomarkers, we are able to understand how SWR is formed and in which circumstances they are mainly from leaves or roots (i.e. cutin or suberin). References: Doerr, S.H., Shakesby, R.A., Walsh, R.P.D., 2000. Soil water repellency: its causes, characteristics and hydro- geomorphological significance. Earth-Sci. Rev. 51, 33-65. Nierop, K.G.J., 1998. Origin of aliphatic compounds in a forest soil. Organic Geochemistry 29, 1009-1016.

Transcobalamin 776C→G polymorphism is associated with peripheral neuropathy in elderly individuals with high folate intake.

PubMed

Sawaengsri, Hathairat; Bergethon, Peter R; Qiu, Wei Qiao; Scott, Tammy M; Jacques, Paul F; Selhub, Jacob; Paul, Ligi

2016-12-01

The 776C→G polymorphism of the vitamin B-12 transport protein transcobalamin gene (TCN2) (rs1801198; Pro259Arg) is associated with a lower holotranscobalamin concentration in plasma. This effect may reduce the availability of vitamin B-12 to tissues even when vitamin B-12 intake is adequate. Clinical outcomes associated with vitamin B-12 insufficiency could potentially be worsened by high folate intake. We determined the association of the TCN2 776C→G polymorphism and folate intake with peripheral neuropathy in elders with normal plasma concentrations of vitamin B-12. Participants in this cross-sectional study (n = 171) were from a cohort of community-based, home-bound elderly individuals aged ≥60 y who underwent an evaluation by physicians including an assessment for peripheral neuropathy. Participants were administered food-frequency and general health status questionnaires, anthropometric measurements were taken, and a fasting blood sample from each subject was collected. Odds of neuropathy were 3-fold higher for GG genotypes than for CC genotypes (OR: 3.33; 95% CI: 1.15, 9.64). When folate intake was >2 times the Recommended Dietary Allowance (800 μg), GG genotypes had 6.9-fold higher odds of neuropathy than CC genotypes (OR: 6.9; 95% CI: 1.31, 36.36). There was no difference between the genotypes in the odds of peripheral neuropathy when folate intake was ≤800 μg (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 0.18, 12.33). The TCN2 776C→G polymorphism is associated with increased odds of peripheral neuropathy in the elderly, even with a normal vitamin B-12 status, especially if their folate intake is >2 times the Recommended Dietary Allowance. © 2016 American Society for Nutrition.

Choline and its metabolites are differently associated with cardiometabolic risk factors, history of cardiovascular disease, and MRI-documented cerebrovascular disease in older adults12

PubMed Central

Zhang, Shucha; Bhadelia, Rafeeque A; Johnson, Elizabeth J; Lichtenstein, Alice H; Rogers, Gail T; Rosenberg, Irwin H; Smith, Caren E; Zeisel, Steven H

2017-01-01

Background: There is a potential role of choline in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease through its involvement in lipid and one-carbon metabolism. Objective: We evaluated the associations of plasma choline and choline-related compounds with cardiometabolic risk factors, history of cardiovascular disease, and cerebrovascular pathology. Design: A cross-sectional subset of the Nutrition, Aging, and Memory in Elders cohort who had undergone MRI of the brain (n = 296; mean ± SD age: 73 ± 8.1 y) was assessed. Plasma concentrations of free choline, betaine, and phosphatidylcholine were measured with the use of liquid-chromatography–stable-isotope dilution–multiple-reaction monitoring–mass spectrometry. A volumetric analysis of MRI was used to determine the cerebrovascular pathology (white-matter hyperintensities and small- and large-vessel infarcts). Multiple linear and logistic regression models were used to examine relations of plasma measures with cardiometabolic risk factors, history of cardiovascular disease, and radiologic evidence of cerebrovascular pathology. Results: Higher concentrations of plasma choline were associated with an unfavorable cardiometabolic risk-factor profile [lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, higher total homocysteine, and higher body mass index (BMI)] and greater odds of large-vessel cerebral vascular disease or history of cardiovascular disease but lower odds of small-vessel cerebral vascular disease. Conversely, higher concentrations of plasma betaine were associated with a favorable cardiometabolic risk-factor profile [lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides] and lower odds of diabetes. Higher concentrations of plasma phosphatidylcholine were associated with characteristics of both a favorable cardiometabolic risk-factor profile (higher HDL cholesterol, lower BMI, lower C-reactive protein, lower waist circumference, and lower odds of hypertension and diabetes) and an unfavorable profile (higher LDL cholesterol and triglycerides). Conclusion: Choline and its metabolites have differential associations with cardiometabolic risk factors and subtypes of vascular disease, thereby suggesting differing roles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and cerebral large-vessel disease compared with that of small-vessel disease. PMID:28356272

Projected shell model study of odd-odd f-p-g shell proton-rich nuclei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Palit, R.; Sheikh, J. A.; Sun, Y.; Jain, H. C.

2003-01-01

A systematic study of two-quasiparticle bands of the proton-rich odd-odd nuclei in the mass A˜70 80 region is performed using the projected shell model approach. The study includes Br, Rb, and Y isotopes with N=Z+2 and Z+4. We describe the energy spectra and electromagnetic transition strengths in terms of the configuration mixing of the angular-momentum projected multi-quasiparticle states. Signature splitting and signature inversion in the rotational bands are discussed and are shown to be well described. A preliminary study of the odd-odd N=Z nucleus 74Rb, using the concept of spontaneous symmetry breaking is also presented.

Search for a CP-odd Higgs boson decaying to Zh in pp collisions at s = 8   TeV with the ATLAS detector

DOE PAGES

Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abdallah, J.; ...

2015-03-28

A search for a heavy, CP-odd Higgs boson, A, decaying into a Z boson and a 125 GeV Higgs boson, h, with the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented. The search uses proton–proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3fb -1. Decays of CP-even h bosons to ττ or bb pairs with the Z boson decaying to electron or muon pairs are considered, as well as h → bb decays with the Z boson decaying to neutrinos. No evidence for the production of an A boson in these channels is found and the 95% confidence level upper limits derived for σ(gg → A) × BR(A → Zh) × BR(h → fmore » $$\\bar{f}$$) are 0.098–0.013pb for f = τ and 0.57–0.014 pb for f = b in a range of m A=220–1000 GeV. The results are combined and interpreted in the context of two-Higgs-doublet models.« less

Measurement of the Higgs boson coupling properties in the H → ZZ ∗ → 4ℓ decay channel at √{s}=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aaboud, M.; Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abdinov, O.; Abeloos, B.; Abidi, S. H.; AbouZeid, O. S.; Abraham, N. L.; Abramowicz, H.; Abreu, H.; Abreu, R.; Abulaiti, Y.; Acharya, B. S.; Adachi, S.; Adamczyk, L.; Adelman, J.; Adersberger, M.; Adye, T.; Affolder, A. A.; Afik, Y.; Agatonovic-Jovin, T.; Agheorghiesei, C.; Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A.; Ahlen, S. P.; Ahmadov, F.; Aielli, G.; Akatsuka, S.; Akerstedt, H.; Åkesson, T. P. A.; Akilli, E.; Akimov, A. V.; Alberghi, G. L.; Albert, J.; Albicocco, P.; Alconada Verzini, M. J.; Alderweireldt, S. C.; Aleksa, M.; Aleksandrov, I. N.; Alexa, C.; Alexander, G.; Alexopoulos, T.; Alhroob, M.; Ali, B.; Aliev, M.; Alimonti, G.; Alison, J.; Alkire, S. P.; Allbrooke, B. M. M.; Allen, B. W.; Allport, P. P.; Aloisio, A.; Alonso, A.; Alonso, F.; Alpigiani, C.; Alshehri, A. A.; Alstaty, M. I.; Alvarez Gonzalez, B.; Álvarez Piqueras, D.; Alviggi, M. G.; Amadio, B. T.; Amaral Coutinho, Y.; Amelung, C.; Amidei, D.; Amor Dos Santos, S. P.; Amoroso, S.; Amundsen, G.; Anastopoulos, C.; Ancu, L. S.; Andari, N.; Andeen, T.; Anders, C. F.; Anders, J. K.; Anderson, K. J.; Andreazza, A.; Andrei, V.; Angelidakis, S.; Angelozzi, I.; Angerami, A.; Anisenkov, A. V.; Anjos, N.; Annovi, A.; Antel, C.; Antonelli, M.; Antonov, A.; Antrim, D. J.; Anulli, F.; Aoki, M.; Aperio Bella, L.; Arabidze, G.; Arai, Y.; Araque, J. P.; Araujo Ferraz, V.; Arce, A. T. H.; Ardell, R. E.; Arduh, F. A.; Arguin, J.-F.; Argyropoulos, S.; Arik, M.; Armbruster, A. J.; Armitage, L. J.; Arnaez, O.; Arnold, H.; Arratia, M.; Arslan, O.; Artamonov, A.; Artoni, G.; Artz, S.; Asai, S.; Asbah, N.; Ashkenazi, A.; Asquith, L.; Assamagan, K.; Astalos, R.; Atkinson, M.; Atlay, N. B.; Augsten, K.; Avolio, G.; Axen, B.; Ayoub, M. K.; Azuelos, G.; Baas, A. E.; Baca, M. J.; Bachacou, H.; Bachas, K.; Backes, M.; Bagnaia, P.; Bahmani, M.; Bahrasemani, H.; Baines, J. T.; Bajic, M.; Baker, O. K.; Bakker, P. J.; Baldin, E. M.; Balek, P.; Balli, F.; Balunas, W. K.; Banas, E.; Bandyopadhyay, A.; Banerjee, Sw.; Bannoura, A. A. E.; Barak, L.; Barberio, E. L.; Barberis, D.; Barbero, M.; Barillari, T.; Barisits, M.-S.; Barkeloo, J. T.; Barklow, T.; Barlow, N.; Barnes, S. L.; Barnett, B. M.; Barnett, R. M.; Barnovska-Blenessy, Z.; Baroncelli, A.; Barone, G.; Barr, A. J.; Barranco Navarro, L.; Barreiro, F.; Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, J.; Bartoldus, R.; Barton, A. E.; Bartos, P.; Basalaev, A.; Bassalat, A.; Bates, R. L.; Batista, S. J.; Batley, J. R.; Battaglia, M.; Bauce, M.; Bauer, F.; Bawa, H. S.; Beacham, J. B.; Beattie, M. D.; Beau, T.; Beauchemin, P. H.; Bechtle, P.; Beck, H. P.; Beck, H. C.; Becker, K.; Becker, M.; Becot, C.; Beddall, A. J.; Beddall, A.; Bednyakov, V. A.; Bedognetti, M.; Bee, C. P.; Beermann, T. A.; Begalli, M.; Begel, M.; Behr, J. K.; Bell, A. S.; Bella, G.; Bellagamba, L.; Bellerive, A.; Bellomo, M.; Belotskiy, K.; Beltramello, O.; Belyaev, N. L.; Benary, O.; Benchekroun, D.; Bender, M.; Benekos, N.; Benhammou, Y.; Benhar Noccioli, E.; Benitez, J.; Benjamin, D. P.; Benoit, M.; Bensinger, J. R.; Bentvelsen, S.; Beresford, L.; Beretta, M.; Berge, D.; Bergeaas Kuutmann, E.; Berger, N.; Bergsten, L. J.; Beringer, J.; Berlendis, S.; Bernard, N. R.; Bernardi, G.; Bernius, C.; Bernlochner, F. U.; Berry, T.; Berta, P.; Bertella, C.; Bertoli, G.; Bertram, I. A.; Bertsche, C.; Besjes, G. J.; Bessidskaia Bylund, O.; Bessner, M.; Besson, N.; Bethani, A.; Bethke, S.; Betti, A.; Bevan, A. J.; Beyer, J.; Bianchi, R. M.; Biebel, O.; Biedermann, D.; Bielski, R.; Bierwagen, K.; Biesuz, N. V.; Biglietti, M.; Billoud, T. R. V.; Bilokon, H.; Bindi, M.; Bingul, A.; Bini, C.; Biondi, S.; Bisanz, T.; Bittrich, C.; Bjergaard, D. M.; Black, J. E.; Black, K. M.; Blair, R. E.; Blazek, T.; Bloch, I.; Blocker, C.; Blue, A.; Blumenschein, U.; Blunier, S.; Bobbink, G. J.; Bobrovnikov, V. S.; Bocchetta, S. S.; Bocci, A.; Bock, C.; Boehler, M.; Boerner, D.; Bogavac, D.; Bogdanchikov, A. G.; Bohm, C.; Boisvert, V.; Bokan, P.; Bold, T.; Boldyrev, A. S.; Bolz, A. E.; Bomben, M.; Bona, M.; Boonekamp, M.; Borisov, A.; Borissov, G.; Bortfeldt, J.; Bortoletto, D.; Bortolotto, V.; Boscherini, D.; Bosman, M.; Bossio Sola, J. D.; Boudreau, J.; Bouhova-Thacker, E. V.; Boumediene, D.; Bourdarios, C.; Boutle, S. K.; Boveia, A.; Boyd, J.; Boyko, I. R.; Bozson, A. J.; Bracinik, J.; Brandt, A.; Brandt, G.; Brandt, O.; Braren, F.; Bratzler, U.; Brau, B.; Brau, J. E.; Breaden Madden, W. D.; Brendlinger, K.; Brennan, A. J.; Brenner, L.; Brenner, R.; Bressler, S.; Briglin, D. L.; Bristow, T. M.; Britton, D.; Britzger, D.; Brochu, F. M.; Brock, I.; Brock, R.; Brooijmans, G.; Brooks, T.; Brooks, W. K.; Brosamer, J.; Brost, E.; Broughton, J. H.; Bruckman de Renstrom, P. A.; Bruncko, D.; Bruni, A.; Bruni, G.; Bruni, L. S.; Bruno, S.; Brunt, BH; Bruschi, M.; Bruscino, N.; Bryant, P.; Bryngemark, L.; Buanes, T.; Buat, Q.; Buchholz, P.; Buckley, A. G.; Budagov, I. A.; Buehrer, F.; Bugge, M. K.; Bulekov, O.; Bullock, D.; Burch, T. J.; Burdin, S.; Burgard, C. D.; Burger, A. M.; Burghgrave, B.; Burka, K.; Burke, S.; Burmeister, I.; Burr, J. T. P.; Büscher, D.; Büscher, V.; Bussey, P.; Butler, J. M.; Buttar, C. M.; Butterworth, J. M.; Butti, P.; Buttinger, W.; Buzatu, A.; Buzykaev, A. R.; Cabrera Urbán, S.; Caforio, D.; Cai, H.; Cairo, V. M.; Cakir, O.; Calace, N.; Calafiura, P.; Calandri, A.; Calderini, G.; Calfayan, P.; Callea, G.; Caloba, L. P.; Calvente Lopez, S.; Calvet, D.; Calvet, S.; Calvet, T. P.; Camacho Toro, R.; Camarda, S.; Camarri, P.; Cameron, D.; Caminal Armadans, R.; Camincher, C.; Campana, S.; Campanelli, M.; Camplani, A.; Campoverde, A.; Canale, V.; Cano Bret, M.; Cantero, J.; Cao, T.; Capeans Garrido, M. D. M.; Caprini, I.; Caprini, M.; Capua, M.; Carbone, R. M.; Cardarelli, R.; Cardillo, F.; Carli, I.; Carli, T.; Carlino, G.; Carlson, B. T.; Carminati, L.; Carney, R. M. D.; Caron, S.; Carquin, E.; Carrá, S.; Carrillo-Montoya, G. D.; Casadei, D.; Casado, M. P.; Casha, A. F.; Casolino, M.; Casper, D. W.; Castelijn, R.; Castillo Gimenez, V.; Castro, N. F.; Catinaccio, A.; Catmore, J. R.; Cattai, A.; Caudron, J.; Cavaliere, V.; Cavallaro, E.; Cavalli, D.; Cavalli-Sforza, M.; Cavasinni, V.; Celebi, E.; Ceradini, F.; Cerda Alberich, L.; Cerqueira, A. S.; Cerri, A.; Cerrito, L.; Cerutti, F.; Cervelli, A.; Cetin, S. A.; Chafaq, A.; Chakraborty, D.; Chan, S. K.; Chan, W. S.; Chan, Y. L.; Chang, P.; Chapman, J. D.; Charlton, D. G.; Chau, C. C.; Chavez Barajas, C. A.; Che, S.; Cheatham, S.; Chegwidden, A.; Chekanov, S.; Chekulaev, S. V.; Chelkov, G. A.; Chelstowska, M. A.; Chen, C.; Chen, C.; Chen, H.; Chen, J.; Chen, S.; Chen, S.; Chen, X.; Chen, Y.; Cheng, H. C.; Cheng, H. J.; Cheplakov, A.; Cheremushkina, E.; Cherkaoui El Moursli, R.; Cheu, E.; Cheung, K.; Chevalier, L.; Chiarella, V.; Chiarelli, G.; Chiodini, G.; Chisholm, A. S.; Chitan, A.; Chiu, Y. H.; Chizhov, M. V.; Choi, K.; Chomont, A. R.; Chouridou, S.; Chow, Y. S.; Christodoulou, V.; Chu, M. C.; Chudoba, J.; Chuinard, A. J.; Chwastowski, J. J.; Chytka, L.; Ciftci, A. K.; Cinca, D.; Cindro, V.; Cioara, I. A.; Ciocio, A.; Cirotto, F.; Citron, Z. H.; Citterio, M.; Ciubancan, M.; Clark, A.; Clark, B. L.; Clark, M. R.; Clark, P. J.; Clarke, R. N.; Clement, C.; Coadou, Y.; Cobal, M.; Coccaro, A.; Cochran, J.; Colasurdo, L.; Cole, B.; Colijn, A. P.; Collot, J.; Colombo, T.; Conde Muiño, P.; Coniavitis, E.; Connell, S. H.; Connelly, I. A.; Constantinescu, S.; Conti, G.; Conventi, F.; Cooke, M.; Cooper-Sarkar, A. M.; Cormier, F.; Cormier, K. J. R.; Corradi, M.; Corriveau, F.; Cortes-Gonzalez, A.; Costa, G.; Costa, M. J.; Costanzo, D.; Cottin, G.; Cowan, G.; Cox, B. E.; Cranmer, K.; Crawley, S. J.; Creager, R. A.; Cree, G.; Crépé-Renaudin, S.; Crescioli, F.; Cribbs, W. A.; Cristinziani, M.; Croft, V.; Crosetti, G.; Cueto, A.; Cuhadar Donszelmann, T.; Cukierman, A. R.; Cummings, J.; Curatolo, M.; Cúth, J.; Czekierda, S.; Czodrowski, P.; D'amen, G.; D'Auria, S.; D'eramo, L.; D'Onofrio, M.; Da Cunha Sargedas De Sousa, M. J.; Da Via, C.; Dabrowski, W.; Dado, T.; Dai, T.; Dale, O.; Dallaire, F.; Dallapiccola, C.; Dam, M.; Dandoy, J. R.; Daneri, M. F.; Dang, N. P.; Daniells, A. C.; Dann, N. S.; Danninger, M.; Dano Hoffmann, M.; Dao, V.; Darbo, G.; Darmora, S.; Dassoulas, J.; Dattagupta, A.; Daubney, T.; Davey, W.; David, C.; Davidek, T.; Davis, D. R.; Davison, P.; Dawe, E.; Dawson, I.; De, K.; de Asmundis, R.; De Benedetti, A.; De Castro, S.; De Cecco, S.; De Groot, N.; de Jong, P.; De la Torre, H.; De Lorenzi, F.; De Maria, A.; De Pedis, D.; De Salvo, A.; De Sanctis, U.; De Santo, A.; De Vasconcelos Corga, K.; De Vivie De Regie, J. B.; Debbe, R.; Debenedetti, C.; Dedovich, D. 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M.; Walder, J.; Walker, R.; Walkowiak, W.; Wallangen, V.; Wang, C.; Wang, C.; Wang, F.; Wang, H.; Wang, H.; Wang, J.; Wang, J.; Wang, Q.; Wang, R.-J.; Wang, R.; Wang, S. M.; Wang, T.; Wang, W.; Wang, W.; Wang, Z.; Wanotayaroj, C.; Warburton, A.; Ward, C. P.; Wardrope, D. R.; Washbrook, A.; Watkins, P. M.; Watson, A. T.; Watson, M. F.; Watts, G.; Watts, S.; Waugh, B. M.; Webb, A. F.; Webb, S.; Weber, M. S.; Weber, S. M.; Weber, S. W.; Weber, S. A.; Webster, J. S.; Weidberg, A. R.; Weinert, B.; Weingarten, J.; Weirich, M.; Weiser, C.; Weits, H.; Wells, P. S.; Wenaus, T.; Wengler, T.; Wenig, S.; Wermes, N.; Werner, M. D.; Werner, P.; Wessels, M.; Weston, T. D.; Whalen, K.; Whallon, N. L.; Wharton, A. M.; White, A. S.; White, A.; White, M. J.; White, R.; Whiteson, D.; Whitmore, B. W.; Wickens, F. J.; Wiedenmann, W.; Wielers, M.; Wiglesworth, C.; Wiik-Fuchs, L. A. M.; Wildauer, A.; Wilk, F.; Wilkens, H. G.; Williams, H. H.; Williams, S.; Willis, C.; Willocq, S.; Wilson, J. A.; Wingerter-Seez, I.; Winkels, E.; Winklmeier, F.; Winston, O. J.; Winter, B. T.; Wittgen, M.; Wobisch, M.; Wolf, A.; Wolf, T. M. H.; Wolff, R.; Wolter, M. W.; Wolters, H.; Wong, V. W. S.; Woods, N. L.; Worm, S. D.; Wosiek, B. K.; Wotschack, J.; Wozniak, K. W.; Wu, M.; Wu, S. L.; Wu, X.; Wu, Y.; Wyatt, T. R.; Wynne, B. M.; Xella, S.; Xi, Z.; Xia, L.; Xu, D.; Xu, L.; Xu, T.; Xu, W.; Yabsley, B.; Yacoob, S.; Yamaguchi, D.; Yamaguchi, Y.; Yamamoto, A.; Yamamoto, S.; Yamanaka, T.; Yamane, F.; Yamatani, M.; Yamazaki, T.; Yamazaki, Y.; Yan, Z.; Yang, H.; Yang, H.; Yang, Y.; Yang, Z.; Yao, W.-M.; Yap, Y. C.; Yasu, Y.; Yatsenko, E.; Yau Wong, K. H.; Ye, J.; Ye, S.; Yeletskikh, I.; Yigitbasi, E.; Yildirim, E.; Yorita, K.; Yoshihara, K.; Young, C.; Young, C. J. S.; Yu, J.; Yu, J.; Yuen, S. P. Y.; Yusuff, I.; Zabinski, B.; Zacharis, G.; Zaidan, R.; Zaitsev, A. M.; Zakharchuk, N.; Zalieckas, J.; Zaman, A.; Zambito, S.; Zanzi, D.; Zeitnitz, C.; Zemaityte, G.; Zemla, A.; Zeng, J. C.; Zeng, Q.; Zenin, O.; Ženiš, T.; Zerwas, D.; Zhang, D.; Zhang, D.; Zhang, F.; Zhang, G.; Zhang, H.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, M.; Zhang, P.; Zhang, R.; Zhang, R.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Zhao, X.; Zhao, Y.; Zhao, Z.; Zhemchugov, A.; Zhou, B.; Zhou, C.; Zhou, L.; Zhou, M.; Zhou, M.; Zhou, N.; Zhou, Y.; Zhu, C. G.; Zhu, H.; Zhu, J.; Zhu, Y.; Zhuang, X.; Zhukov, K.; Zibell, A.; Zieminska, D.; Zimine, N. I.; Zimmermann, C.; Zimmermann, S.; Zinonos, Z.; Zinser, M.; Ziolkowski, M.; Živković, L.; Zobernig, G.; Zoccoli, A.; Zou, R.; zur Nedden, M.; Zwalinski, L.

2018-03-01

The coupling properties of the Higgs boson are studied in the four-lepton ( e, μ) decay channel using 36.1 fb-1 of pp collision data from the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector. Cross sections are measured for the main production modes in several exclusive regions of the Higgs boson production phase space and are interpreted in terms of coupling modifiers. The inclusive cross section times branching ratio for H → ZZ ∗ decay and for a Higgs boson absolute rapidity below 2.5 is measured to be 1. 73 - 0.23 + 0.24 (stat.) - 0.08 + 0.10 (exp.) ± 0.04(th.) pb compared to the Standard Model prediction of 1 .34±0 .09 pb. In addition, the tensor structure of the Higgs boson couplings is studied using an effective Lagrangian approach for the description of interactions beyond the Standard Model. Constraints are placed on the non-Standard-Model CP-even and CP-odd couplings to Z bosons and on the CP-odd coupling to gluons. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

Search for a CP-odd Higgs boson decaying to Zh in pp collisions at s = 8   TeV with the ATLAS detector

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; Abdallah, J.

A search for a heavy, CP-odd Higgs boson, A, decaying into a Z boson and a 125 GeV Higgs boson, h, with the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented. The search uses proton–proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3fb -1. Decays of CP-even h bosons to ττ or bb pairs with the Z boson decaying to electron or muon pairs are considered, as well as h → bb decays with the Z boson decaying to neutrinos. No evidence for the production of an A boson in these channels is found and the 95% confidence level upper limits derived for σ(gg → A) × BR(A → Zh) × BR(h → fmore » $$\\bar{f}$$) are 0.098–0.013pb for f = τ and 0.57–0.014 pb for f = b in a range of m A=220–1000 GeV. The results are combined and interpreted in the context of two-Higgs-doublet models.« less

Switchable genetic oscillator operating in quasi-stable mode

PubMed Central

Strelkowa, Natalja; Barahona, Mauricio

2010-01-01

Ring topologies of repressing genes have qualitatively different long-term dynamics if the number of genes is odd (they oscillate) or even (they exhibit bistability). However, these attractors may not fully explain the observed behaviour in transient and stochastic environments such as the cell. We show here that even repressilators possess quasi-stable, travelling wave periodic solutions that are reachable, long-lived and robust to parameter changes. These solutions underlie the sustained oscillations observed in even rings in the stochastic regime, even if these circuits are expected to behave as switches. The existence of such solutions can also be exploited for control purposes: operation of the system around the quasi-stable orbit allows us to turn on and off the oscillations reliably and on demand. We illustrate these ideas with a simple protocol based on optical interference that can induce oscillations robustly both in the stochastic and deterministic regimes. PMID:20097721

The impact of various work schedules on sleep complaints and minor accidents during work or leisure time: evidence from a national survey.

PubMed

Chiu, Hsiao-Yean; Tsai, Pei-Shan

2013-03-01

To explore the prevalence of insomnia symptoms and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in different work schedules and the impact of shift schedules on the risk of minor accidents during work or leisure time. Using the data from Taiwan Social Development Trend Survey in 2005 (n = 18,794), insomnia symptoms, EDS, and minor accidents were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression model. The evening-to-night group had significantly higher prevalence rates of insomnia symptoms. Higher prevalence rate of EDS was presented in both day-to-evening and evening-to-night groups. Adjusting for confounders, the day-to-evening shift had a higher odds ratio of minor accidents as compared with the fixed daytime workers. Extended-shift workers tend to experience insomnia symptoms and EDS and have an increased likelihood of minor accidents.

Evaluation of developmental metrics for utilization in a pediatric advanced automatic crash notification algorithm.

PubMed

Doud, Andrea N; Weaver, Ashley A; Talton, Jennifer W; Barnard, Ryan T; Petty, John; Stitzel, Joel D

2016-01-01

Appropriate treatment at designated trauma centers (TCs) improves outcomes among injured children after motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). Advanced Automatic Crash Notification (AACN) has shown promise in improving triage to appropriate TCs. Pediatric-specific AACN algorithms have not yet been created. To create such an algorithm, it will be necessary to include some metric of development (age, height, or weight) as a covariate in the injury risk algorithm. This study sought to determine which marker of development should serve as a covariate in such an algorithm and to quantify injury risk at different levels of this metric. A retrospective review of occupants age < 19 years within the MVC data set NASS-CDS 2000-2011 was performed. R(2) values of logistic regression models using age, height, or weight to predict 18 key injury types were compared to determine which metric should be used as a covariate in a pediatric AACN algorithm. Clinical judgment, literature review, and chi-square analysis were used to create groupings of the chosen metric that would discriminate injury patterns. Adjusted odds of particular injury types at the different levels of this metric were calculated from logistic regression while controlling for gender, vehicle velocity change (delta V), belted status (optimal, suboptimal, or unrestrained), and crash mode (rollover, rear, frontal, near-side, or far-side). NASS-CDS analysis produced 11,541 occupants age < 19 years with nonmissing data. Age, height, and weight were correlated with one another and with injury patterns. Age demonstrated the best predictive power in injury patterns and was categorized into bins of 0-4 years, 5-9 years, 10-14 years, and 15-18 years. Age was a significant predictor of all 18 injury types evaluated even when controlling for all other confounders and when controlling for age- and gender-specific body mass index (BMI) classifications. Adjusted odds of key injury types with respect to these age categorizations revealed that younger children were at increased odds of sustaining Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 2+ and 3+ head injuries and AIS 3+ spinal injuries, whereas older children were at increased odds of sustaining thoracic fractures, AIS 3+ abdominal injuries, and AIS 2+ upper and lower extremity injuries. The injury patterns observed across developmental metrics in this study mirror those previously described among children with blunt trauma. This study identifies age as the metric best suited for use in a pediatric AACN algorithm and utilizes 12 years of data to provide quantifiable risks of particular injuries at different levels of this metric. This risk quantification will have important predictive purposes in a pediatric-specific AACN algorithm.

Association between healthy diet and exercise and greater muscle mass in older adults.

PubMed

Kim, Jinhee; Lee, Yunhwan; Kye, Seunghee; Chung, Yoon-Sok; Kim, Kwang-Min

2015-05-01

To examine the association between healthy diet and exercise, individually and combined, and low muscle mass in older Korean adults. Population-based cross-sectional study from the Fourth and Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 2008 to 2011. Community. Nationally representative sample aged 65 and older (1,486 men, 1,799 women) in the Republic of Korea. A food frequency questionnaire was used to determine frequency of food group consumption (meat, fish, eggs, legumes; vegetables; fruits). Participation in exercise (aerobic and resistance) was based on self-report. Combined healthy lifestyle factors were calculated as the number of recommendations met regarding consumption of food groups and exercise performed. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and low muscle mass was defined using the variable of ASM adjusted for weight. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between healthy lifestyle factors and low muscle mass, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and health-related variables. In women, after controlling for covariates, vegetable consumption (odds ratio (OR)=0.52, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.30-0.89) and aerobic exercise (OR=0.62, 95% CI=0.39-1.00) were inversely associated with low muscle mass. Also, the odds of low muscle mass was lower in women with three or more healthy lifestyle factors versus none (OR=0.45, 95% CI=0.23-0.87). In men, there were no associations between food group consumption and exercise and low muscle mass. Older women who exercise and consume a healthy diet have lower odds of low muscle mass. Engaging in multiple healthy behaviors may be important in preventing low muscle mass in late life. © 2015, Copyright the Authors Journal compilation © 2015, The American Geriatrics Society.

Commuting symmetry operators of the Dirac equation, Killing-Yano and Schouten-Nijenhuis brackets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cariglia, Marco; Krtouš, Pavel; Kubizňák, David

2011-07-01

In this paper we derive the most general first-order symmetry operator commuting with the Dirac operator in all dimensions and signatures. Such an operator splits into Clifford even and Clifford odd parts which are given in terms of odd Killing-Yano and even closed conformal Killing-Yano inhomogeneous forms, respectively. We study commutators of these symmetry operators and give necessary and sufficient conditions under which they remain of the first-order. In this specific setting we can introduce a Killing-Yano bracket, a bilinear operation acting on odd Killing-Yano and even closed conformal Killing-Yano forms, and demonstrate that it is closely related to the Schouten-Nijenhuis bracket. An important nontrivial example of vanishing Killing-Yano brackets is given by Dirac symmetry operators generated from the principal conformal Killing-Yano tensor [hep-th/0612029]. We show that among these operators one can find a complete subset of mutually commuting operators. These operators underlie separability of the Dirac equation in Kerr-NUT-(A)dS spacetimes in all dimensions [arXiv:0711.0078].

Using Spin Correlations to Distinguish Zh from ZA at the International Linear Collider

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mahlon, Gregory; /Penn State U., Mont Alto; Parke, Stephen J.

2006-06-01

We investigate how to exploit the spin information imparted to the Z boson in associated Higgs production at a future linear collider as an aid in distinguishing between CP-even and CP-odd Higgs bosons. We apply a generalized spin-basis analysis which allows us to study the possibilities offered by non-traditional choices of spin projection axis. In particular, we find that the Z bosons produced in association with a CP-even Higgs via polarized collisions are in a single transverse spin-state (> 90% purity) when we use the Zh-transverse basis, provided that the Z bosons are not ultra-relativistic (speed < 0.9c). This samemore » basis applied to the associated production of a CP-odd Higgs yields Z's that are an approximately equal mixture of longitudinal and transverse polarizations. We present a decay angular distribution which could be used to distinguish between the CP-even and CP-odd cases. Finally, we make a few brief remarks about how this distribution would be affected if the Higgs boson turns out to not be a CP-eigenstate.« less

Analysis of corynomycolic acids and other fatty acids produced by Corynebacterium lepus grown on kerosene.

PubMed Central

Cooper, D G; Zajic, J E; Gracey, D E

1979-01-01

The saponifiable carboxylic acids of the extracellular product of Corynebacterium lepus grown on kerosene have been isolated and characterized. About 25% of these acids were a mixture of simple, saturated fatty acids ranging from C13 to C24 and including both even and odd homologues. The distribution of these acids was bimodal, with maxima at C15 and C21. The other 75% of the acids was a mixture of corynomycolic acids [R1--CH(OH)--CH(R2)--COOH] ranging from C28 to C43. The R1 alkyl fragments varied from C16 to C25, and R2 fragments varied from C6 to C14. Both even and odd corynomycolic acid homologues were observed, and the distribution had a single pronounced maximum at C32 and C33. Bacterial utilization of the carboxylic oxidation products of the kerosene substrate is suggested to account for the wide distribution in chain length of these saturated fatty acids and for the observation of both even and odd homologues. PMID:422512

Gender Differences in the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity, Associated Behaviors, and Weight-related Perceptions in a National Survey of Primary School Children in China.

PubMed

Zhang, Juan; Zhai, Yi; Feng, Xiao Qi; Li, Wei Rong; Lyu, Yue Bin; Astell-Burt, Thomas; Zhao, Peng Yu; Shi, Xiao Ming

2018-01-01

To in vestigate potential gender differences in the odds of overweight/obese, weight-related perceptions, and behaviors among Chinese school children. Height, weight, and a survey of weight-related perceptions and behaviors were measured in a nationally representative survey of 12,811 children in primary schools in China. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess gender differences, adjusting for confounders. Boys had higher odds of being overweight/obese compared to girls within both urban [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.30, 95% CI 2.00 to 2.65] and rural areas (OR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.55 to 2.20). Girls reported healthier diets (e.g., daily vegetables OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.85) whereas boys consumed fried food (OR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.38) and sugar-sweetened drinks more often (OR = 1.49, 95% CI 1.34 to 1.65). Gender differences included higher odds of boys perceiving themselves as overweight if they had more highly educated mothers (OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.68), less educated fathers (OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.99), and if they frequently consumed carbonated drinks (OR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.05). Childhood obesity prevention in China should be gender-focused, particularly for boys who reported an unhealthier diet but were less likely to see they were fat, even though more boys were overweight or obese than girls. Copyright © 2018 The Editorial Board of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences. Published by China CDC. All rights reserved.

Alpha decay hindrance factors and reflection asymmetry in nuclei

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sheline, R.K.; Bossinga, B.B.

1991-07-01

All available hindrance factors of alpha transitions to low-lying negative-parity states in doubly even nuclei, to odd-{ital A} parity doublets and to doubly odd parity doublet bands, are used to study the systematics of reflection asymmetry in the {ital A}{similar to}218--230 region. Special attention is given to the polarization effect of the odd particle in increasing reflection asymmetry and therefore decreasing hindrance factors to the opposite parity states of octupole bands.

Temperature dependence of standard model CP violation.

PubMed

Brauner, Tomáš; Taanila, Olli; Tranberg, Anders; Vuorinen, Aleksi

2012-01-27

We analyze the temperature dependence of CP violation effects in the standard model by determining the effective action of its bosonic fields, obtained after integrating out the fermions from the theory and performing a covariant gradient expansion. We find nonvanishing CP violating terms starting at the sixth order of the expansion, albeit only in the C-odd-P-even sector, with coefficients that depend on quark masses, Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements, temperature and the magnitude of the Higgs field. The CP violating effects are observed to decrease rapidly with temperature, which has important implications for the generation of a matter-antimatter asymmetry in the early Universe. Our results suggest that the cold electroweak baryogenesis scenario may be viable within the standard model, provided the electroweak transition temperature is at most of order 1 GeV.

Light-cone distribution amplitudes of light JPC = 2- tensor mesons in QCD

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aliev, T. M.; Bilmis, S.; Yang, Kwei-Chou

2018-06-01

We present a study for two-quark light-cone distribution amplitudes for the 13D2 light tensor meson states with quantum number JPC =2-. Because of the G-parity, the chiral-even two-quark light-cone distribution amplitudes of this tensor meson are antisymmetric under the interchange of momentum fractions of the quark and antiquark in the SU(3) limit, while the chiral-odd ones are symmetric. The asymptotic leading-twist LCDAs with the strange quark mass correction are shown. We estimate the relevant parameters, the decay constants fT and fT⊥, and first Gegenbauer moment a1⊥ , by using the QCD sum rule method. These parameters play a central role in the investigation of B meson decaying into the 2- tensor mesons.

Iso-branched 2- and 3-hydroxy fatty acids as characteristic lipid constituents of some gliding bacteria.

PubMed Central

Fautz, E; Rosenfelder, G; Grotjahn, L

1979-01-01

The fatty acids present in the total hydrolysates of several gliding bacteria (Myxococcus fulvus, Stigmatella aurantiaca, Cytophaga johnsonae, Cytophaga sp. strain samoa and Flexibacter elegans) were analyzed by combined gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. In addition to 13-methyl-tetradecanoic acid, 15-methyl-hexadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, and hexadecenoic acid, 2- and 3-hydroxy fatty acids comprised up to 50% of the total fatty acids. The majority was odd-numbered and iso-branched. Small amounts of even-numbered and unbranched fatty acids were also present. Whereas 2-hydroxy-15-methyl hexadecanoic acid was characteristic for myxobacteria, 2-hydroxy-13-methyl-tetradecanoic acid, 3-hydroxy-13-methyl-tetradecanoic acid, and 3-hydroxy-15-methyl-hexadecanoic acid were dominant in the Cytophaga-Flexibacter group. PMID:118159

Prospects of neutral Higgs boson decays in the NMSSM

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Almarashi, M. M.

2018-06-01

In this paper, we present the branching ratios of the two lightest CP-even Higgses, h1 and h2 , and the lightest CP-odd Higgs, a1 , in the context of the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM). We find that for some regions of the parameter space, the branching fractions of a1 into the lightest charginos (a1 → χ1+ χ1-) and neutralinos (a1 → χ1SUP>/0SUP> χ10) are larger than 50 % , and can reach a 100 % level in the latter case. Furthermore, the branching ratio of the h2 →a1a1 can be equal to unity for all h2 masses when it is a pure singlet. The above unusual channels are hallmarks of the existence of the NMSSM.

Obesity at age 20 and the risk of miscarriages, irregular periods and reported problems of becoming pregnant: the Adventist Health Study-2.

PubMed

Jacobsen, Bjarne K; Knutsen, Synnøve F; Oda, Keiji; Fraser, Gary E

2012-12-01

In a group of 46,000 North-American Adventist women aged 40 and above, we investigated the relationships between body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2)) at age 20 and the proportion of women who reported at least one miscarriage, periods with irregular menstruation or failing to become pregnant even if trying for more than one straight year. Approximately 31, 14 and 17 %, respectively, reported the three different problems related to reproduction. Positive age- and marital status adjusted relationships were found between BMI at age 20 and periods with irregular menstruation or failing to become pregnant even if trying for more than 1 year, but not with the risk of miscarriages. Women with BMI ≥ 32.5 kg/m(2) when aged 20 had approximately 2.0 (95 % CI: 1.6, 2.4) and 1.5 (95 % CI: 1.3, 1.9) higher odds for irregular periods or failing to get pregnant, respectively, than women with BMI in the 20-24.9 kg/m(2) bracket. These relationships were consistently found in a number of strata of the population, including the large proportion of the women who never had smoked or never used alcohol. Underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m(2)) when aged 20 marginally (approximately 15 %) increased the risk of failing to get pregnant within a year. Thus, obesity at age 20 increases the risk of reporting some specific reproductive problems, but not the risk of miscarriages.

Segregation process and phase transition in cyclic predator-prey models with an even number of species.

PubMed

Szabó, György; Szolnoki, Attila; Sznaider, Gustavo Ariel

2007-11-01

We study a spatial cyclic predator-prey model with an even number of species (for n=4, 6, and 8) that allows the formation of two defensive alliances consisting of the even and odd label species. The species are distributed on the sites of a square lattice. The evolution of spatial distribution is governed by iteration of two elementary processes on neighboring sites chosen randomly: if the sites are occupied by a predator-prey pair then the predator invades the prey's site; otherwise the species exchange their sites with a probability X . For low X values, a self-organizing pattern is maintained by cyclic invasions. If X exceeds a threshold value, then two types of domain grow up that are formed by the odd and even label species, respectively. Monte Carlo simulations indicate the blocking of this segregation process within a range of X for n=8.

Total angular momenta of high-lying odd levels of U I at ∼ 4 eV using resonance ionization laser polarization spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rath, Asawari D.; Kundu, S.; Ray, A. K.

2018-02-01

Laser induced photoionization of atoms shows significant dependence on the choice of polarizations of lasers. In multi-step, multi-photon excitation and subsequent ionization of atoms different polarization combinations of the exciting lasers lead to distinctly different ion yields. This fact is exploited in this work to determine total angular momenta of odd-parity energy levels of U I lying at ∼ 4 eV from its ground level using resonance ionization laser polarization spectroscopy in time of flight mass spectrometer. These levels are populated by two-step resonant excitation using two pulsed dye lasers with preset polarizations of choice followed by nonresonant ionization by third laser. The dependence of ionization yield on specific polarizations of the first two lasers is studied experimentally for each level under consideration. This dependence when compared to simulations makes possible unambiguous assignment of J angular momenta to these levels.

W$${'}$$ signatures with odd Higgs particles

DOE PAGES

Dobrescu, Bogdan A.; Peterson, Andrea D.

2014-08-13

We point out that W' bosons may decay predominantly into Higgs particles associated with their broken gauge symmetry. We demonstrate this in a renormalizable model where the W' and W couplings to fermions differ only by an overall normalization. This "meta-sequential" W' boson decays into a scalar pair, with the charged one subsequently decaying into a W boson and a neutral scalar. These scalars are odd under a parity of the Higgs sector, which consists of a complex bidoublet and a doublet. Finally, the W' and Z' bosons have the same mass and branching fractions into scalars, and may showmore » up at the LHC in final states involving one or two electroweak bosons and missing transverse energy.« less

Negative differential resistance and magnetoresistance in zigzag borophene nanoribbons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Jiayi; Wu, Jiaxin; Chen, Changpeng; Han, Lu; Zhu, Ziqing; Wu, Jinping

2018-02-01

Since borophene has been grown experimentally, its extraordinary characteristics have attracted more and more attentions. In this paper, we construct pristine zigzag-edged borophene nanoribbons (ZBNRs) of different widths to study the transport properties, using the first-principles calculations. The differences of the quantum transport properties are discussed, where even-N ZBNRs and odd-N ZBNRs have different current-voltage relationships. Especially, the negative differential resistance (NDR) can be observed within certain bias range in 5-ZBNR and 7-ZBNR, while 6-ZBNR behaves like a metal whose current rises with the increase of the voltage. Moreover, borophene nanoribbon shows interesting magnetic transport properties. The spin-filtering effect can be revealed when the two electrodes have opposite magnetization directions. Besides, the magnetoresistance effect appears to exist in even-N ZBNRs and the maximum value can reach 70%. The mechanisms of these phenomena are proposed in detail.

Infinite hierarchy of nonlinear Schrödinger equations and their solutions.

PubMed

Ankiewicz, A; Kedziora, D J; Chowdury, A; Bandelow, U; Akhmediev, N

2016-01-01

We study the infinite integrable nonlinear Schrödinger equation hierarchy beyond the Lakshmanan-Porsezian-Daniel equation which is a particular (fourth-order) case of the hierarchy. In particular, we present the generalized Lax pair and generalized soliton solutions, plane wave solutions, Akhmediev breathers, Kuznetsov-Ma breathers, periodic solutions, and rogue wave solutions for this infinite-order hierarchy. We find that "even- order" equations in the set affect phase and "stretching factors" in the solutions, while "odd-order" equations affect the velocities. Hence odd-order equation solutions can be real functions, while even-order equation solutions are always complex.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, L. W.; Franceschetti, A.; Zunger, A.

We have developed a "linear combination of bulk bands" method that permits atomistic, pseudopotential electronic structure calculations for .apprx.10(sup6) atom nanostructures. Application to (GaAs)n/A1As)n (001) superlattices (SL's) reveals even-odd oscillations in the ..Gamma..-X coupling magnitude Vrx(n), which vanishes for n = odd, even for abrupt and segregated SL's, respectively. Surprisingly, in contrast with recent expectations, OD quantum dots are found here to have a smaller ..Gamma..-X coupling than equivalent 2D SL's. Our analysis shows that for large quantum dots this is largely due to the existence of level repulsion from many X states.

Weight and body mass index among female contraceptive clients.

PubMed

Kohn, Julia E; Lopez, Priscilla M; Simons, Hannah R

2015-06-01

As obesity may affect the efficacy of some contraceptives, we examined weight, body mass index (BMI) and prevalence of obesity among female contraceptive clients at 231 U.S. health centers. A secondary aim was to analyze differences in contraceptive method use by obesity status. Cross-sectional study using de-identified electronic health record data from family planning centers. We analyzed contraceptive visits made by 147,336 females aged 15-44 years in 2013. A total of 46.1% of clients had BMI ≥25. Mean body weight was 154.4 lb (S.D.=41.9); mean BMI was 26.1 (S.D.=6.6). A total of 40% had BMI ≥26, when levonorgestrel emergency contraception may become less effective. Obese clients had higher odds of using a tier 1 or tier 3 contraceptive method and had lower odds of using a tier 2 or hormonal method than non-obese clients. About half of contraceptive clients would be categorized as overweight or obese. Contraceptive method choices differed by obesity status. About half of contraceptive clients in this study population were overweight or obese. Contraceptive method choices differed by obesity status. All women - regardless of body size - should receive unbiased, evidence-based counseling on the full range of contraceptive options so that they can make informed choices. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A quark model analysis of the transversity distribution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scopetta, Sergio; Vento, Vicente

1998-04-01

The feasibility of measuring chiral-odd parton distribution functions in polarized Drell-Yan and semi-inclusive experiments has renewed theoretical interest in their study. Models of hadron structure have proven successful in describing the gross features of the chiral-even structure functions. Similar expectations motivated our study of the transversity parton distributions in the Isgur-Karl and MIT bag models. We confirm, by performing a NLO calculation, the diverse low x behaviors of the transversity and spin structure functions at the experimental scale and show that it is fundamentally a consequence of the different behaviors under evolution of these functions. The inequalities of Soffer establish constraints between data and model calculations of the chiral-odd transversity function. The approximate compatibility of our model calculations with these constraints confers credibility to our estimates.

Association between alcohol and cardiovascular disease: Mendelian randomisation analysis based on individual participant data

PubMed Central

Holmes, Michael V; Dale, Caroline E; Zuccolo, Luisa; Silverwood, Richard J; Guo, Yiran; Ye, Zheng; Prieto-Merino, David; Dehghan, Abbas; Trompet, Stella; Wong, Andrew; Cavadino, Alana; Drogan, Dagmar; Padmanabhan, Sandosh; Yesupriya, Ajay; Leusink, Maarten; Sundstrom, Johan; Hubacek, Jaroslav A; Pikhart, Hynek; Swerdlow, Daniel I; Panayiotou, Andrie G; Borinskaya, Svetlana A; Finan, Chris; Shah, Sonia; Kuchenbaecker, Karoline B; Shah, Tina; Engmann, Jorgen; Folkersen, Lasse; Eriksson, Per; Ricceri, Fulvio; Melander, Olle; Sacerdote, Carlotta; Gamble, Dale M; Rayaprolu, Sruti; Ross, Owen A; McLachlan, Stela; Vikhireva, Olga; Sluijs, Ivonne; Scott, Robert A; Adamkova, Vera; Flicker, Leon; van Bockxmeer, Frank M; Power, Christine; Marques-Vidal, Pedro; Meade, Tom; Marmot, Michael G; Ferro, Jose M; Paulos-Pinheiro, Sofia; Humphries, Steve E; Talmud, Philippa J; Leach, Irene Mateo; Verweij, Niek; Linneberg, Allan; Skaaby, Tea; Doevendans, Pieter A; Cramer, Maarten J; van der Harst, Pim; Klungel, Olaf H; Dowling, Nicole F; Dominiczak, Anna F; Kumari, Meena; Nicolaides, Andrew N; Weikert, Cornelia; Boeing, Heiner; Ebrahim, Shah; Gaunt, Tom R; Price, Jackie F; Lannfelt, Lars; Peasey, Anne; Kubinova, Ruzena; Pajak, Andrzej; Malyutina, Sofia; Voevoda, Mikhail I; Tamosiunas, Abdonas; Maitland-van der Zee, Anke H; Norman, Paul E; Hankey, Graeme J; Bergmann, Manuela M; Hofman, Albert; Franco, Oscar H; Cooper, Jackie; Palmen, Jutta; Spiering, Wilko; de Jong, Pim A; Kuh, Diana; Hardy, Rebecca; Uitterlinden, Andre G; Ikram, M Arfan; Ford, Ian; Hyppönen, Elina; Almeida, Osvaldo P; Wareham, Nicholas J; Khaw, Kay-Tee; Hamsten, Anders; Husemoen, Lise Lotte N; Tjønneland, Anne; Tolstrup, Janne S; Rimm, Eric; Beulens, Joline W J; Verschuren, W M Monique; Onland-Moret, N Charlotte; Hofker, Marten H; Wannamethee, S Goya; Whincup, Peter H; Morris, Richard; Vicente, Astrid M; Watkins, Hugh; Farrall, Martin; Jukema, J Wouter; Meschia, James; Cupples, L Adrienne; Sharp, Stephen J; Fornage, Myriam; Kooperberg, Charles; LaCroix, Andrea Z; Dai, James Y; Lanktree, Matthew B; Siscovick, David S; Jorgenson, Eric; Spring, Bonnie; Coresh, Josef; Buxbaum, Sarah G; Schreiner, Pamela J; Ellison, R Curtis; Tsai, Michael Y; Patel, Sanjay R; Redline, Susan; Johnson, Andrew D; Hoogeveen, Ron C; Hakonarson, Hakon; Rotter, Jerome I; Boerwinkle, Eric; de Bakker, Paul I W; Kivimaki, Mika; Asselbergs, Folkert W; Sattar, Naveed; Lawlor, Debbie A; Whittaker, John; Davey Smith, George; Mukamal, Kenneth; Psaty, Bruce M; Wilson, James G; Lange, Leslie A; Hamidovic, Ajna; Hingorani, Aroon D; Nordestgaard, Børge G; Bobak, Martin; Leon, David A; Langenberg, Claudia; Palmer, Tom M; Reiner, Alex P; Keating, Brendan J; Dudbridge, Frank

2014-01-01

Objective To use the rs1229984 variant in the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B gene (ADH1B) as an instrument to investigate the causal role of alcohol in cardiovascular disease. Design Mendelian randomisation meta-analysis of 56 epidemiological studies. Participants 261 991 individuals of European descent, including 20 259 coronary heart disease cases and 10 164 stroke events. Data were available on ADH1B rs1229984 variant, alcohol phenotypes, and cardiovascular biomarkers. Main outcome measures Odds ratio for coronary heart disease and stroke associated with the ADH1B variant in all individuals and by categories of alcohol consumption. Results Carriers of the A-allele of ADH1B rs1229984 consumed 17.2% fewer units of alcohol per week (95% confidence interval 15.6% to 18.9%), had a lower prevalence of binge drinking (odds ratio 0.78 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.84)), and had higher abstention (odds ratio 1.27 (1.21 to 1.34)) than non-carriers. Rs1229984 A-allele carriers had lower systolic blood pressure (−0.88 (−1.19 to −0.56) mm Hg), interleukin-6 levels (−5.2% (−7.8 to −2.4%)), waist circumference (−0.3 (−0.6 to −0.1) cm), and body mass index (−0.17 (−0.24 to −0.10) kg/m2). Rs1229984 A-allele carriers had lower odds of coronary heart disease (odds ratio 0.90 (0.84 to 0.96)). The protective association of the ADH1B rs1229984 A-allele variant remained the same across all categories of alcohol consumption (P=0.83 for heterogeneity). Although no association of rs1229984 was identified with the combined subtypes of stroke, carriers of the A-allele had lower odds of ischaemic stroke (odds ratio 0.83 (0.72 to 0.95)). Conclusions Individuals with a genetic variant associated with non-drinking and lower alcohol consumption had a more favourable cardiovascular profile and a reduced risk of coronary heart disease than those without the genetic variant. This suggests that reduction of alcohol consumption, even for light to moderate drinkers, is beneficial for cardiovascular health. PMID:25011450

Effects of Planetesimal Accretion on the Structural Evolution of Sub-Neptunes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chatterjee, Sourav; Chen, Howard

2018-01-01

A remarkable discovery of NASA's Kepler mission is the wide diversity in the average densities of planets even when they are of similar mass. After gas disk dissipation, fully formed planets could accrete nearby planetesimals from a remnant planetesimal disk. We present calculations using the open-source stellar evolution toolkit Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA) modified to include the deposition of planetesimals into the H/He envelopes of sub-Neptunes. We show that planetesimal accretion can alter the mass-radius isochrones for these planets. The additional energy deposited via planetesimal accretion puffs up the envelopes leading to enhanced gas loss during the phase of rapid accretion. As a result, the same initial planet can evolve to contain very different final envelope-mass fractions. This manifest as differences in the average planet densities long after accretion stops. Differences in the accretion history, total accreted mass, and the inherent stochasticity of the accretion process can bring wide diversity in final average densities even when the initial planets are very similar. These effects are particularly important for planets initially less massive than ~10 MEarth and with envelope mass fraction less than ~10%, thought to be the most common type of planets discovered by Kepler.

Odd nitrogen production by meteoroids

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Park, C.; Menees, G. P.

1978-01-01

The process by which odd nitrogen species (atomic nitrogen and nitric oxide) are formed during atmospheric entry of meteoroids is analyzed theoretically. An ablating meteoroid is assumed to be a point source of mass with a continuum regime evolving in its wake. The amounts of odd nitrogen species, produced by high-temperature reactions of air in the continuum wake, are calculated by numerical integration of chemical rate equations. Flow properties are assumed to be uniform across the wake, and 29 reactions involving five neutral species and five singly ionized species are considered, as well as vibrational and electron temperature nonequilibrium phenomena. The results, when they are summed over the observed mass, velocity, and entry-angle distribution of meteoroids, provide odd-nitrogen-species annual global production rates as functions of altitude. The peak production of nitric oxide is found to occur at an altitude of about 85 km; atomic nitrogen production peaks at about 95 km. The total annual rate for nitric oxide is 40 million kg; for atomic nitrogen it is 170 million kg.

Survival in fatal road crashes: body mass index, gender, and safety belt use.

PubMed

Sivak, Michael; Schoettle, Brandon; Rupp, Jonathan

2010-02-01

This study evaluated the associations of body mass index (BMI), gender, and use of safety belts with the survival of drivers involved in fatal road crashes. The census data of all U.S. fatal crashes that did not involve pedestrians, bicyclists, or motorcyclists were examined for an 11-year period. If involved in a crash with one or more fatalities, the odds of female drivers being among the fatalities are 1.28 times higher than those of male drivers, and the odds of unbelted drivers being among the fatalities are 5.43 times higher than those of belted drivers. The relationship of survivability to BMI depends on the gender and safety belt use of the driver. For male drivers, increased BMI appears beneficial when safety belts are used but detrimental when not used. For belted female drivers, normal BMI is associated with the lowest odds of being killed, and both increased and decreased BMIs increase the odds. For unbelted female drivers, no reliable trends were present among the BMI categories.

Pleistocene Variations in Delivery and Deposition of Organic Matter Under the Benguela Current Upwelling System - Biomarker Isotopic Evidence From Sediment Light-Dark Color Cycles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meyers, P. A.; Bouloubassi, I.; Pancost, R. D.; Robinson, R. S.

2007-12-01

The light-dark color cycles that are distinctive features of sediment beneath the Benguela Current Upwelling System imply repetitive alternations in organic matter delivery and deposition. Organic geochemical proxies for paleoproductivity and for depositional conditions were employed to investigate the paleoceanographic processes involved in creating these cycles in two sediment sequences from ODP Site 1084 corresponding to 0.7 and 1.1 Mya. Concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC) vary between 3.5 and 17.1 wt percent, and those of calcium carbonate fluctuate inversely between 68 and 1 percent, suggesting that carbonate dissolution is involved with the light-dark cycles. Bulk organic del 13C and del 15N values that remain constant across the two light-dark sediment intervals indicate that the extent of nutrient utilization did not change in each cycle. Biomarker compositions in both sequences reflect a range of organic matter sources. Abundant n-alkanes and n-alkanols with odd-over-even and even-over-odd distributions, respectively, record land-plant inputs. Other terrestrial biomakers (e.g triterpenoid acids and alcohols) are present but in very low abundances, suggesting that the n- alkyl components derive predominantly from eolian inputs. Carbon isotopic values of n-alkanes range from -25 to -28 permil, suggesting a mixture of C3 and C4 sources. In contrast, n-alkanol isotopic compositions range from -28 to -34 permil, suggesting that they derive solely from C3 plants. Algal biomarkers are abundant and diverse, represented by 1,15-C30 diols (eustigmatophytes), 4-desmethyl and -methylsterols (diatoms, dinoflagellates), and alkenones (haptophytes). These compounds all have del 13C values ranging from ca. -22 to -24 permil, consistent with a marine origin. Systematic differences in isotopic values imply that marine productivity at 1.1 Mya was higher than at 0.7 Mya, but alkenone-based sea-surface temperatures are higher at 1.1 Mya (21 deg) than at 0.7 Mya (15 deg), which indicates that changes in water-mass properties were also involved.

Decays of a NMSSM CP-odd Higgs in the low-mass region

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Domingo, Florian

2017-03-01

A popular regime in the NMSSM parameter space involves a light CP-odd Higgs A 1. This scenario has consequences for e.g. light singlino Dark Matter annihilating in the A 1-funnel. In order to confront the pseudoscalar to experimental limits such as flavour observables, Upsilon decays or Beam-Dump experiments, it is necessary to control the interactions of this particle with hadronic matter and derive the corresponding decays. The partonic description cannot be relied upon for masses close to {m_A}{_1} ˜ 1GeV and we employ a chiral lagrangian, then extended to a spectator model for somewhat larger masses, to describe the interplay of the CP-odd Higgs with hadrons. Interestingly, a mixing can develop between A 1 and neutral pseudoscalar mesons, leading to substantial hadronic decays and a coupling of A 1 to the chiral anomaly. Additionally, quartic A 1-meson couplings induce tri-meson decays of the Higgs pseudoscalar. We investigate these effects and propose an estimate of the Higgs widths for masses below {m_A}{_1} ≲ 3 GeV. While we focus on the case of the NMSSM, our results are applicable to a large class of models.

The Impact of Timing of Introduction of Solids on Infant Body Mass Index.

PubMed

Sun, Cong; Foskey, Rebecca J; Allen, Katrina J; Dharmage, Shyamali C; Koplin, Jennifer J; Ponsonby, Anne-Louise; Lowe, Adrian J; Matheson, Melanie C; Tang, Mimi L K; Gurrin, Lyle; Wake, Melissa; Sabin, Matthew

2016-12-01

To evaluate the associations between breastfeeding duration, age at solids introduction, and their interaction in relation to infant (age 9-15 months) above normal body mass index (BMI). Cross-sectional, population-based study with 3153 infants from Melbourne (2007-2011). Above normal BMI (z score > 2, equivalent to >97.7th percentile) defined using the World Health Organization standard. Both longer duration of full and any (full or partial) breastfeeding were associated with lower odds of above normal BMI (eg, aOR, 0.37 [95% CI, 0.22-0.60] for full breastfeeding 4-5 months versus 0-1 months). Compared with introduction of solids at 5-6 months, both early and delayed introduction were associated with increased odds of above normal BMI (aOR for 4 months, 1.75 [95% CI, 1.10-2.80] and for ≥7 months, 2.64 [95% CI, 1.26-5.54] versus 6 months). Such associations differ by breastfeeding status at 4 months (interaction P = .08). Early introduction of solids was associated with increased odds of above normal BMI in both infants fully or partially breastfed for ≥4 months (aOR, 3.66; 95% CI, 1.41-9.51) and those breastfed for <4 months (aOR, 3.11; 95% CI, 1.39-6.97). Introduction of solids at ≥7 months was associated with increased odds of above normal BMI (aOR, 5.79; 95% CI, 1.91-17.49) among infants breastfed for <4 months only. Introduction of solids at 5-6 months, compared with either early or delayed introduction, is associated with decreased odds of above normal BMI at 1 year of age, regardless of infants' breastfeeding status at 4 months. These results may have implications for public health guidelines with regard to recommendations about the optimal timing of the introduction of solid foods in infancy. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Against the Odds: Insights from One District's Small School Reform

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cuban, Larry; Lichtenstein, Gary; Evenchik, Arthur; Tombari, Martin; Pozzobini, Kristen

2010-01-01

"Against the Odds" offers an in-depth look at the Mapleton, Colorado, school district's transformation of two traditional high schools into seven small schools, each enrolling fewer than four hundred students. This even-handed account chronicles both the heartening successes and frequent frustrations of a district-wide embrace of the…

Interpreting instructional cues in task switching procedures: the role of mediator retrieval.

PubMed

Logan, Gordon D; Schneider, Darryl W

2006-03-01

In 3 experiments the role of mediators in task switching with transparent and nontransparent cues was examined. Subjects switched between magnitude (greater or less than 5) and parity (odd or even) judgments of single digits. A cue-target congruency effect indicated mediator use: subjects responded faster to congruent cue-target combinations (e.g., ODD-3) than to incongruent cue-target combinations (e.g., ODD-4). Experiment 1 revealed significant congruency effects with transparent word cues (ODD, EVEN, HIGH, and LOW) and with relatively transparent letter cues (O, E, H, and L) but not with nontransparent letter cues (D, V, G, and W). Experiment 2 revealed significant congruency effects after subjects who were trained with nontransparent letter cues were informed of the relations between cues and word mediators halfway through the experiment. Experiment 3 showed that congruency effects with relatively transparent letter cues diminished over 10 sessions of practice, suggesting that subjects used mediators less as practice progressed. The results are discussed in terms of the role of mediators in interpreting instructional cues.

The structure of nuclei far from stability. [Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State Univ. , Baton Rouge, Louisiana

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zganjar, E.F.

1993-01-01

Studies on nuclei near Z=82 contributed to the establishment of a new region of nuclear deformation and a new class of nuclear structure at closed shells. A important aspect of this work is the establishment of the connection between low-lying 0[sup +] states in even[endash]even nuclei and the occurrence of shape coexistence in the odd-mass neighbors (E0 transitions in [sup 185]Pt, shape coexistence in [sup 184]Pt and [sup 187]Au). A new type of picosecond lifetime measurement system capable of measuring the lifetime of states that decay only by internal conversion was developed and applied to the [sup 186,188]Tl decay tomore » determine the lifetime of the 0[sub 2][sup +] and 2[sub 2][sup +] deformed states in [sup 186,188]Hg. A search for the population of superdeformed states in [sup 192]Hg by the radioactive decay of [sup 192]Tl was accomplished by using a prototype internal pair formation spectrometer.« less

Direct analysis in real time--a critical review on DART-MS.

PubMed

Gross, Jürgen H

2014-01-01

Direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS) has become an established technique for rapid mass spectral analysis of a large variety of samples. DART-MS is capable of analyzing the sample at atmospheric pressure, essentially in the open laboratory environment. DART-MS can be applied to compounds that have been deposited or adsorbed on to surfaces or that are being desorbed therefrom into the atmosphere. This makes DART-MS suitable and well-known for analysis of ingredients of plant materials, pesticide monitoring on vegetables, forensic and safety applications such as screening for traces of explosives, warfare agents, or illicit drugs on luggage, clothes, or bank notes, etc. DART can also be used for analysis of either solid or liquid bulk materials, as may be required in quality control, or to quickly investigate the identity of a compound from chemical synthesis. Even living organisms can be subjected to DART-MS. Driven by different needs in analytical practice, the combination of the DART ionization source and interface can be configured in multiple geometries and with various accessories to adapt the setup as required. Analysis by DART-MS relies on some sort of gas-phase ionization mechanism. In DART, initial generation of the ionizing species is by use of a corona discharge in a pure helium atmosphere which delivers excited helium atoms that, upon their release into the atmosphere, will initiate a cascade of gas-phase reactions. In the end, this results in reagent ions created from atmospheric water or (solvent) vapor in the vicinity of the surface subject to analysis where they effect a chemical ionization process. DART ionization processes may generate positive or negative ions, predominantly even-electron species, but odd-electron species do also occur. The prevailing process of analyte ion formation from a given sample is highly dependent on analyte properties.

QUASI-BIENNIAL MODULATION OF GALACTIC COSMIC RAYS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Laurenza, M.; Storini, M.; Vecchio, A.

2012-04-20

The time variability of the cosmic-ray (CR) intensity at three different rigidities has been analyzed through the empirical mode decomposition technique for the period 1964-2004. Apart from the {approx}11 yr cycle, quasi-biennial oscillations (QBOs) have been detected as a prominent scale of variability in CR data, as well as in the heliomagnetic field magnitude at 1 AU and in the sunspot area. The superposition of the {approx}11 yr and QBO contributions reproduces the general features of the CR modulation, such as most of the step-like decreases and the Gnevyshev Gap phenomenon. A significant correlation has also been found between QBOsmore » of the heliospheric magnetic field and the CR intensity during even solar activity cycles, suggesting that the former are responsible for step-like decreases in CR modulation, probably dominated by the particle diffusion/convection in such periods. In contrast, during odd-numbered cycles, no significant correlation is found. This could be explained with an enhanced drift effect also during the solar maximum or a greater influence of merged interaction regions at great heliocentric distances during odd cycles. Moreover, the QBOs of CR data are delayed with respect to sunspot activity, the lag being shorter for A > 0 periods of even cycles ({approx}1-4 months) than for A < 0 periods of odd cycles ({approx}7-9 months); we suggest that solar QBOs also affect the recovery of the CR intensity after the solar activity maximum.« less

Microscopic modeling of direct pre-equilibrium emission from neutron induced reactions on even and odd actinides

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dupuis, M.; Hilaire, S.; Péru, S.; Bauge, E.; Kerveno, M.; Dessagne, P.; Henning, G.

2017-09-01

Direct inelastic scattering to discrete excitations and pre-equilibrium emission are described within a microscopic model. Nuclear structure information are obtained in the (Quasi) Random Phase Approximation ((Q)RPA) framework implemented with the Gogny force. The relevant optical and transition potentials are build considering the JLM folding model. Various successful applications are shown for (n,n), (n,n'), (n,xn) and (n,xnγ) reactions for spherical and axially deformed even-even or odd targets. The rearrangement corrections to transition potentials and the contribution of unnatural parity excitations to pre-equilibrium emission are discussed. Our model predictions for (n,n'γ) reactions, for intra- and inter-band transitions in 238U, and for the 239Pu(n,2n) cross section are analyzed.

High Maternal Body Mass Index Is Associated with an Early-Onset of Overweight/Obesity in Pre-School-Aged Children in Malawi. A Multilevel Analysis of the 2015-16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey.

PubMed

Ntenda, Peter Austin Morton; Mhone, Thomas Gabriel; Nkoka, Owen

2018-05-25

Overweight/obesity in young children is one of the most serious public health issues globally. We examined whether individual- and community-level maternal nutritional status is associated with an early onset of overweight/obesity in pre-school-aged children in Malawi. Data were obtained from the 2015-16 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS). The maternal nutritional status as body mass index and childhood overweight/obesity status was assessed by using the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. To examine whether the maternal nutritional status is associated with overweight/obesity in pre-school-aged children, two-level multilevel logistic regression models were constructed on 4023 children of age less than five years dwelling in 850 different communities. The multilevel regression analysis showed that children born to overweight/obese mothers had increased odds of being overweight/obese [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.11; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13-8.54]. At the community level, children born to mothers from the middle (aOR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.02-2.78) and high (aOR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.00-2.90) percentage of overweight/obese women had increased odds of being overweight/obese. In addition, there were significant variations in the odds of childhood overweight/obesity in the communities. Strategies aimed at reducing childhood overweight/obesity in Malawi should address not only women and their children but also their communities. Appropriate choices of nutrition, diet and physical activity patterns should be emphasized upon in overweight/obese women of childbearing age throughout pregnancy and beyond.

Association between gestational weight gain and perinatal outcomes in women with chronic hypertension.

PubMed

Yee, Lynn M; Caughey, Aaron B; Cheng, Yvonne W

2017-09-01

Gestational weight gain above or below the 2009 National Academy of Medicine guidelines has been associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Although it has been well established that excess gestational weight gain is associated with the development of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, the relationship between gestational weight gain and adverse perinatal outcomes among women with pregestational (chronic) hypertension is less clear. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between gestational weight gain above and below National Academy of Medicine guidelines and perinatal outcomes in a large, population-based cohort of women with chronic hypertension. This is a population-based retrospective cohort study of women with chronic hypertension who had term, singleton, vertex births in the United States from 2012 through 2014. Prepregnancy body mass index was calculated using self-reported prepregnancy weight and height. Women were categorized into 4 groups based on gestational weight gain and prepregnancy body mass index: (1) weight gain less than, (2) weight gain within, (3) weight gain 1-19 lb in excess of, and (4) weight gain ≥20 lb in excess of the National Academy of Medicine guidelines. The χ 2 tests and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used for statistical comparisons. Stratified analyses by body mass index category were additionally performed. In this large birth cohort, 101,259 women met criteria for inclusion. Compared to hypertensive women who had gestational weight gain within guidelines, hypertensive women with weight gain ≥20 lb over National Academy of Medicine guidelines were more likely to have eclampsia (adjusted odds ratio, 1.93; 95% confidence interval, 1.54-2.42) and cesarean delivery (adjusted odds ratio, 1.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.50-1.70). Excess weight gain ≥20 lb over National Academy of Medicine guidelines was also associated with increased odds of 5-minute Apgar <7 (adjusted odds ratio, 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.13-1.47), neonatal intensive care unit admission (adjusted odds ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-1.33), and large-for-gestational-age neonates (adjusted odds ratio, 2.41; 95% confidence interval, 2.27-2.56) as well as decreased odds of small-for-gestational-age status (adjusted odds ratio, 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.46-0.58). Weight gain 1-19 lb over guidelines was associated with similar fetal growth outcomes although with a smaller effect size. In contrast, weight gain less than National Academy of Medicine guidelines was not associated with adverse maternal outcomes but was associated with increased odds of small for gestational age (adjusted odds ratio, 1.31; 95% confidence interval, 1.21-1.52) and decreased odds of large-for-gestational-age status (adjusted odds ratio, 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.81-0.92). Analysis of maternal and neonatal outcomes stratified by body mass index demonstrated similar findings. Women with chronic hypertension who gain less weight than National Academy of Medicine guidelines experience increased odds of small-for-gestational-age neonates, whereas excess weight gain ≥20 lb over National Academy of Medicine guidelines is associated with cesarean delivery, eclampsia, 5-minute Apgar <7, neonatal intensive care unit admission, and large-for-gestational-age neonates. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Extension of the nuclear mass surface for neutron-rich isotopes of argon through iron

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meisel, Zachary Paul

Nuclear mass measurement has maintained an important position in the field of nuclear physics for a little over a century. Nuclear masses provide key evidence of the structural transformation of nuclei away from the valley of beta-stability and are essential input for many simulations of extreme astrophysical environments. However, obtaining these masses is often a challenging endeavor due to the low production cross sections and short half-lives of the exotic nuclei which are of particular interest. To this end, the time-of-flight mass measurement technique has been developed to obtain the masses of several nuclei at once to precisions of 1 part in 105 with virtually no half-life limitation. This dissertation contains a description of the experiment, analysis, and results of the second implementation of the time-of-flight nuclear mass measurement technique at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory. 18 masses were obtained for neutron-rich isotopes of argon through iron, where the masses of 48Ar, 49Ar, 56Sc, 57Sc, 64Cr, 67Mn, and 69Fe were measured for the first time. These newly obtained masses were applied to outstanding problems in nuclear structure and nuclear astrophysics, resulting in significant scientific advances. The measurement results for 48Ar and 49Ar, which were found to have atomic mass excesses of -22.28(31) MeV and -17.8(1.1) MeV, respectively, provide strong evidence for the closed shell nature of neutron number N = 28 in argon. It follows that argon is therefore the lowest even-Z element exhibiting the N = 28 closed shell. The masses of 64Cr, 67 Mn, and 69Fe, which were found to have atomic mass excesses of -33.48(44) MeV, -34.09(62) MeV, and -39.35(60) MeV, respectively, show signs of nuclear deformation occurring around the N = 40 subshell. In addition, we found 64Cr is substantially less bound than predicted by global mass models that are commonly used in nuclear astrophysics simulations, resulting in a significant reduction in the predicted strength and depth of electron capture heating in the accreted neutron star crust due to the rather abundant A = 64 mass-chain. The reported value for the atomic mass excess of 56Sc, -24.85(59)(+0,-54) MeV, which contains an asymmetric systematic uncertainty due to potential isomeric contamination, results in a smaller than expected odd-even mass staggering in the A = 56 mass chain. Depending on the choice of theoretical models for electron capture transition strengths and energies, this could lead to strong Urca cooling in accreted neutron star crusts, due to the large amount of A = 56 material predicted to be present on the surface of accreted neutron stars.

Even–odd layer-dependent magnetotransport of high-mobility Q-valley electrons in transition metal disulfides

PubMed Central

Wu, Zefei; Xu, Shuigang; Lu, Huanhuan; Khamoshi, Armin; Liu, Gui-Bin; Han, Tianyi; Wu, Yingying; Lin, Jiangxiazi; Long, Gen; He, Yuheng; Cai, Yuan; Yao, Yugui; Zhang, Fan; Wang, Ning

2016-01-01

In few-layer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), the conduction bands along the ΓK directions shift downward energetically in the presence of interlayer interactions, forming six Q valleys related by threefold rotational symmetry and time reversal symmetry. In even layers, the extra inversion symmetry requires all states to be Kramers degenerate; whereas in odd layers, the intrinsic inversion asymmetry dictates the Q valleys to be spin-valley coupled. Here we report the transport characterization of prominent Shubnikov-de Hass (SdH) oscillations and the observation of the onset of quantum Hall plateaus for the Q-valley electrons in few-layer TMDCs. Universally in the SdH oscillations, we observe a valley Zeeman effect in all odd-layer TMDC devices and a spin Zeeman effect in all even-layer TMDC devices, which provide a crucial information for understanding the unique properties of multi-valley band structures of few-layer TMDCs. PMID:27651106

Stopped-pipe wind instruments: Acoustics of the panpipes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fletcher, N. H.

2005-01-01

Stopped-pipe jet-excited musical instruments are known in many cultures, those best-known today being the panpipes or syrinx of Eastern Europe and of the Peruvian Andes. Although the playing style differs, in each case the instrument consists of a set of graduated bamboo pipes excited by blowing across the open tops. Details of the excitation aerodynamics warrant examination, particularly as the higher notes contain amplitudes of the even harmonics approaching those of the odd harmonics expected from a stopped pipe. Analysis shows that the jet offset is controlled by the fluid dynamics of the jet, and is such that appreciable even-harmonic excitation is generated. The theory is largely confirmed by measurements on a player. .

Stopped-pipe wind instruments: acoustics of the panpipes.

PubMed

Fletcher, N H

2005-01-01

Stopped-pipe jet-excited musical instruments are known in many cultures, those best-known today being the panpipes or syrinx of Eastern Europe and of the Peruvian Andes. Although the playing style differs, in each case the instrument consists of a set of graduated bamboo pipes excited by blowing across the open tops. Details of the excitation aerodynamics warrant examination, particularly as the higher notes contain amplitudes of the even harmonics approaching those of the odd harmonics expected from a stopped pipe. Analysis shows that the jet offset is controlled by the fluid dynamics of the jet, and is such that appreciable even-harmonic excitation is generated. The theory is largely confirmed by measurements on a player.

Comparison of Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Adiposity Index (BAI), Waist Circumference (WC), Waist-To-Hip Ratio (WHR) and Waist-To-Height Ratio (WHtR) as predictors of cardiovascular disease risk factors in an adult population in Singapore.

PubMed

Lam, Benjamin Chih Chiang; Koh, Gerald Choon Huat; Chen, Cynthia; Wong, Michael Tack Keong; Fallows, Stephen J

2015-01-01

Excess adiposity is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. Amongst the various measures of adiposity, the best one to help predict these risk factors remains contentious. A novel index of adiposity, the Body Adiposity Index (BAI) was proposed in 2011, and has not been extensively studied in all populations. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR), Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR), Body Adiposity Index (BAI) and CVD risk factors in the local adult population. This is a cross sectional study involving 1,891 subjects (Chinese 59.1% Malay 22.2%, Indian 18.7%), aged 21-74 years, based on an employee health screening (2012) undertaken at a hospital in Singapore. Anthropometric indices and CVD risk factor variables were measured, and Spearman correlation, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and multiple logistic regressions were used. BAI consistently had the lower correlation, area under ROC and odd ratio values when compared with BMI, WC and WHtR, although differences were often small with overlapping 95% confidence intervals. After adjusting for BMI, BAI did not further increase the odds of CVD risk factors, unlike WC and WHtR (for all except hypertension and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol). When subjects with the various CVD risk factors were grouped according to established cut-offs, a BMI of ≥23.0 kg/m2 and/or WHtR ≥0.5 identified the highest proportion for all the CVD risk factors in both genders, even higher than a combination of BMI and WC. BAI may function as a measure of overall adiposity but it is unlikely to be better than BMI. A combination of BMI and WHtR could have the best clinical utility in identifying patients with CVD risk factors in an adult population in Singapore.

The Effect of Adequate Gestational Weight Gain among Adolescents Relative to Adults of Equivalent Body Mass Index and the Risk of Preterm Birth, Cesarean Delivery, and Low Birth Weight.

PubMed

Houde, Michele; Dahdouh, Elias M; Mongrain, Vanessa; Dubuc, Elise; Francoeur, Diane; Balayla, Jacques

2015-12-01

To determine whether similar odds of cesarean delivery (C/S), preterm birth (PTB), and low birth weight (LBW) are observed among adolescents compared with body mass index (BMI)-equivalent adults in cases of adequate gestational weight gain. We conducted a retrospective, population-based, cohort study using the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's birth data files from the United States for 2012. We selected from the cohort all singleton, cephalic pregnancies and stratified them according to maternal age, prepregnancy BMI, and gestational weight gain following the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations. The effect of adequate gestational weight gain among adolescents relative to adults of equivalent BMI on the risk of C/S, PTB, and LBW was estimated using logistic regression analysis, adjusting for relevant confounders. We analyzed a total of 3,960,796 births, of which 1,036,646 (26.1%) met the inclusion criteria. In adolescents and adults, likelihood of achieving ideal gestational weight gain decreased with greater prepregnancy BMI. Relative to adults, the overall odds of C/S in all adolescents were (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]) 0.61 (0.58 to 0.63). When comparing equivalent BMI categories, these odds were unchanged (P < .0001). The overall adjusted odds ratio of LBW was 1.15 (1.13 to 1.16). These odds were significantly higher when BMI stratification took place, decreasing with advancing BMI categories, from 1.23 (1.14 to 1.33) among the underweight, to nonsignificant differences in the obese classes (P < .05). Finally, when including only those achieving ideal weight gain, the overall odds of premature delivery (1.17 [1.14 to 1.20]) were higher among nonobese adolescents, while they were not found among the obese. When ideal gestational weight gain is attained, only nonobese adolescents exhibit a greater risk of LBW and preterm birth relative to adults of similar BMI, whereas the risk of C/S remains lower for all adolescents, independent of BMI. This information may be useful in the counseling of adolescent pregnancies. Copyright © 2015 North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Dynamics of circular arrangements of vorticity in two dimensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Swaminathan, Rohith V.; Ravichandran, S.; Perlekar, Prasad; Govindarajan, Rama

2016-07-01

The merger of two like-signed vortices is a well-studied problem, but in a turbulent flow, we may often have more than two like-signed vortices interacting. We study the merger of three or more identical corotating vortices initially arranged on the vertices of a regular polygon. At low to moderate Reynolds numbers, we find an additional stage in the merger process, absent in the merger of two vortices, where an annular vortical structure is formed and is long lived. Vortex merger is slowed down significantly due to this. Such annular vortices are known at far higher Reynolds numbers in studies of tropical cyclones, which have been noticed to a break down into individual vortices. In the preannular stage, vortical structures in a viscous flow are found here to tilt and realign in a manner similar to the inviscid case, but the pronounced filaments visible in the latter are practically absent in the former. Five or fewer vortices initially elongate radially, and then reorient their long axis closer to the azimuthal direction so as to form an annulus. With six or more vortices, the initial alignment is already azimuthal. Interestingly at higher Reynolds numbers, the merger of an odd number of vortices is found to proceed very differently from that of an even number. The former process is rapid and chaotic whereas the latter proceeds more slowly via pairing events. The annular vortex takes the form of a generalized Lamb-Oseen vortex (GLO), and diffuses inward until it forms a standard Lamb-Oseen vortex. For lower Reynolds number, the numerical (fully nonlinear) evolution of the GLO vortex follows exactly the analytical evolution until merger. At higher Reynolds numbers, the annulus goes through instabilities whose nonlinear stages show a pronounced difference between even and odd mode disturbances. Here again, the odd mode causes an early collapse of the annulus via decaying turbulence into a single central vortex, whereas the even mode disturbance causes a more orderly progression into a single vortex. Results from linear stability analysis agree with the nonlinear simulations, and predict the frequencies of the most unstable modes better than they predict the growth rates. It is hoped that the present findings, that multiple vortex merger is qualitatively different from the merger of two vortices, will motivate studies on how multiple vortex interactions affect the inverse cascade in two-dimensional turbulence.

Bifactor latent structure of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)/oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms and first-order latent structure of sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms.

PubMed

Lee, SoYean; Burns, G Leonard; Beauchaine, Theodore P; Becker, Stephen P

2016-08-01

The objective was to determine if the latent structure of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms is best explained by a general disruptive behavior factor along with specific inattention (IN), hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI), and ODD factors (a bifactor model) whereas the latent structure of sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) symptoms is best explained by a first-order factor independent of the bifactor model of ADHD/ODD. Parents' (n = 703) and teachers' (n = 366) ratings of SCT, ADHD-IN, ADHD-HI, and ODD symptoms on the Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavior Inventory (CADBI) in a community sample of children (ages 5-13; 55% girls) were used to evaluate 4 models of symptom organization. Results indicated that a bifactor model of ADHD/ODD symptoms, in conjunction with a separate first-order SCT factor, was the best model for both parent and teacher ratings. The first-order SCT factor showed discriminant validity with the general disruptive behavior and specific IN factors in the bifactor model. In addition, higher scores on the SCT factor predicted greater academic and social impairment, even after controlling for the general disruptive behavior and 3 specific factors. Consistent with predictions from the trait-impulsivity etiological model of externalizing liability, a single, general disruptive behavior factor accounted for nearly all common variance in ADHD/ODD symptoms, whereas SCT symptoms represented a factor different from the general disruptive behavior and specific IN factor. These results provide additional support for distinguishing between SCT and ADHD-IN. The study also demonstrates how etiological models can be used to predict specific latent structures of symptom organization. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

C P -invariance violation at short-baseline experiments in 3 +1 neutrino scenarios

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de Gouvêa, André; Kelly, Kevin J.; Kobach, Andrew

2015-03-01

New neutrino degrees of freedom allow for more sources of charge parity- (C P ) invariance violation (CPV). We explore the requirements for accessing C P -odd mixing parameters in the so-called 3 +1 scenario, where one assumes the existence of one extra, mostly sterile neutrino degree of freedom, heavier than the other three mass eigenstates. As a first step, we concentrate on the νe→νμ appearance channel in a hypothetical, upgraded version of the ν STORM proposal. We establish that the optimal baseline for CPV studies depends strongly on the value of Δ m142—the new mass-squared difference—and that the ability to observe CPV depends significantly on whether the experiment is performed at the optimal baseline. Even at the optimal baseline, it is very challenging to see CPV in 3 +1 scenarios if one considers only one appearance channel. Full exploration of CPV in short-baseline experiments will require precision measurements of tau appearance, a challenge significantly beyond what is currently being explored by the experimental neutrino community.

Mass-yield distributions of fission products from 20, 32, and 45 MeV proton-induced fission of 232Th

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Naik, H.; Goswami, A.; Kim, G. N.; Kim, K.; Suryanarayana, S. V.

2013-10-01

The yields of various fission products in the 19.6, 32.2, and 44.8 MeV proton-induced fission of 232Th have been determined by recoil catcher and an off-line γ-ray spectrometric technique using the BARC-TIFR Pelletron in India and MC-50 cyclotron in Korea. The mass-yield distributions were obtained from the fission product yield using the charge distribution corrections. The peak-to-valley (P/V) ratio of the present work and that of literature data for 232Th(p,f) and 238U(p,f) were obtained from the mass yield distribution. The present and the existing literature data for 232Th(p,f), 232Th(n,f), and 232Th( γ,f) at various energies were compared with those for 238U(p,f), 238U(n,f), and 238U( γ,f) to examine the probable nuclear structure effect. The role of Th-anomaly on the peak-to-valley ratio in proton-, neutron-, and photon-induced fission of 232Th was discussed with the similar data in 238U. On the other hand, the fine structure in the mass yield distributions of the fissioning systems at various excitation energies has been explained from the point of standard I and II asymmetric mode of fission besides the probable role of even-odd effect, A/ Z ratio, and fissility parameter.

Relationship between uric acid and arterial stiffness in the elderly with metabolic syndrome components.

PubMed

Sun, Ning; Zhang, Yun; Tian, Jian-li; Wang, Hui

2013-08-01

High uric acid (UA) levels and metabolic syndrome (MS) are risk factors for atherosclerotic diseases. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) is a valid and reproducible measurement by which to assess arterial stiffness and a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis. However, little is known about the relationship between them, especially in elderly Chinese with MS components who are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. One thousand and twenty Chinese subjects (159 women) older than 60 years of age (mean age (70.6 ± 5.7) years) with at least one MS component underwent routine laboratory tests, and baPWV measurements were analyzed. Participants were divided into four groups by MS components. The mean age did not significantly differ among the MS component groups. We found that not only the diagnostic factors (blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), lipids, glucose) of MS but also baPWV, UA, insulin, homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistence index (HOMAIR) levels increased, and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-C decreased with an increased number of MS components (test for trend P < 0.05). The association between UA and baPWV was observed after adjustment for gender, age, blood pressure, BMI, serum creatinine and high density lipoprotein, and insulin resistance (r = 0.186, P < 0.0001). There were increases in the odds ratios for the association between the number of components of MS, UA and baPWV, even after adjustment for traditional risk factors. However, after adjustment for insulin or HOMA-IR, there were no significant differences in the multivariate odds ratios among the number of MS components for UA. The UA level is positively associated with baPWV and MS, but the association between UA and MS is dependent on insulin resistance. Furthermore, baPWV is independently associated with MS in our study population.

Associations between body-mass index and surgery for rotator cuff tendinitis.

PubMed

Wendelboe, Aaron M; Hegmann, Kurt T; Gren, Lisa H; Alder, Stephen C; White, George L; Lyon, Joseph L

2004-04-01

Rotator cuff tendinopathy is a common entity. We hypothesized that obesity, because of biomechanical and systemic risk factors, increases the risks of rotator cuff tendinitis, tears, and related surgical procedures. A frequency-matched case-control study was conducted. Three hundred and eleven patients who were fifty-three to seventy-seven years old and who underwent rotator cuff repair, arthroscopy, and/or other repair of the shoulder in a large hospital from 1992 to 2000 were included in the study. These surgical procedures were used as proxies for the risk of rotator cuff tendinitis. These patients were age and frequency-matched to 933 controls, who were randomly drawn from a pool of 10,943 potential controls consisting of Utah state residents who were enrolled in a large cancer-screening trial. Age-adjusted odds ratios were calculated with use of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision procedural codes and body-mass-index groups. The data were stratified according to gender and age. Multiple linear regression analyses also were performed. There was an association between increasing body-mass index and shoulder repair surgery. The highest odds ratios for both men (odds ratio = 3.13; 95% confidence interval = 1.29 to 7.61) and women (odds ratio = 3.51; 95% confidence interval = 1.80 to 6.85) were for individuals with a body-mass index of > or =35.0 kg/m(2). Tests for trend also were highly significant for both men (p = 0.002) and women (p < or = 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis also indicated a significant association between increasing body-mass index and shoulder surgery (beta = 1.57; 95% confidence interval = 0.97 to 2.17; p < or = 0.001). There is an association between obesity and shoulder repair surgery in men and women who are fifty-three to seventy-seven years of age. The results of the present study suggest that increasing body-mass index is a risk factor for rotator cuff tendinitis and related conditions.

Abdominal Adiposity Distribution Quantified by Ultrasound Imaging and Incident Hypertension in a General Population.

PubMed

Seven, Ekim; Thuesen, Betina H; Linneberg, Allan; Jeppesen, Jørgen L

2016-11-01

Abdominal obesity is a major risk factor for hypertension. However, different distributions of abdominal adipose tissue may affect hypertension risk differently. The main purpose of this study was to explore the association of subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) with incident hypertension in a population-based setting. We hypothesized that VAT, rather than SAT, would be associated with incident hypertension. VAT and SAT were determined by ultrasound imagining in 3363 randomly selected Danes (mean age 49 years, 56% women, mean body mass index 25.8 kg/m 2 ). We constructed multiple logistic regression models to compute standardized odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals per SD increase in SAT and VAT. Of the 2119 normotensive participants at baseline, 1432, with mean SAT of 2.8 cm and mean VAT of 5.7 cm, returned 5 years later for a follow-up examination and among them 203 had developed hypertension. In models including both VAT and SAT, the Framingham Hypertension Risk Score variables (age, sex, smoking status, family history of hypertension, and baseline blood pressure) and glycated hemoglobin, odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for incident hypertension for 1 SD increase in VAT and SAT was 1.27 (1.08-1.50, P=0.004) and 0.97 (0.81-1.15, P=0.70), respectively. Adjusting for body mass index instead of SAT attenuated the association between VAT and incident hypertension, but it was still significant (odds ratio, 1.22 [1.01-1.48, P=0.041] for each SD increase in VAT). In conclusion, ultrasound-determined VAT, but not SAT, was associated with incident hypertension in a random sample of Danish adults. © 2016 American Heart Association, Inc.

Influence of patient race and ethnicity on clinical assessment in patients with affective disorders.

PubMed

Gara, Michael A; Vega, William A; Arndt, Stephan; Escamilla, Michael; Fleck, David E; Lawson, William B; Lesser, Ira; Neighbors, Harold W; Wilson, Daniel R; Arnold, Lesley M; Strakowski, Stephen M

2012-06-01

Rates of clinical diagnoses of schizophrenia in African American individuals appear to be elevated compared with other ethnic groups in the United States, contradicting population rates derived from epidemiologic surveys. To determine whether African American individuals would continue to exhibit significantly higher rates of clinical diagnoses of schizophrenia, even after controlling for age, sex, income, site, and education, as well as the presence or absence of serious affective disorder, as determined by experts blinded to race and ethnicity. A secondary objective was to determine if a similar pattern occurred in Latino subjects. Ethnicity-blinded and -unblinded diagnostic assessments were obtained in 241 African American individuals (mean [SD] age, 34.3 [8.1] years; 57% women), 220 non-Latino white individuals (mean [SD] age, 32.7 [8.5] years; 53% women), and 149 Latino individuals (mean [SD] age, 33.5 [8.0] years; 58% women) at 6 US sites. Logistic regression models were used to determine whether elevated rates of schizophrenia in African American individuals would persist after controlling for various confounding variables including blinded expert consensus diagnoses of serious affective illness. Six academic medical centers across the United States. Six hundred ten psychiatric inpatients and outpatients. Relative odds of unblinded clinical diagnoses of schizophrenia in African American compared with white individuals. A significant ethnicity/race effect (χ(2)(2)=10.4, P=.01) was obtained when schizophrenia was narrowly defined, controlling for all other predictors. The odds ratio comparing African American with non-Latino white individuals was significant (odds ratio=2.7; 95% CI, 1.5-5.1). Similar differences between African American and white individuals occurred when schizophrenia was more broadly defined (odds ratio=2.5; 95% CI, 1.4-4.5). African American individuals did not differ significantly from white individuals in overall severity of manic and depressive symptoms but did evidence more severe psychosis. African American individuals exhibited significantly higher rates of clinical diagnoses of schizophrenia than non-Latino white subjects, even after controlling for covariates such as serious affective disorder.

C P -odd sector and θ dynamics in holographic QCD

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Areán, Daniel; Iatrakis, Ioannis; Järvinen, Matti; Kiritsis, Elias

2017-07-01

The holographic model of V-QCD is used to analyze the physics of QCD in the Veneziano large-N limit. An unprecedented analysis of the C P -odd physics is performed going beyond the level of effective field theories. The structure of holographic saddle points at finite θ is determined, as well as its interplay with chiral symmetry breaking. Many observables (vacuum energy and higher-order susceptibilities, singlet and nonsinglet masses and mixings) are computed as functions of θ and the quark mass m . Wherever applicable the results are compared to those of chiral Lagrangians, finding agreement. In particular, we recover the Witten-Veneziano formula in the small x →0 limit, we compute the θ dependence of the pion mass, and we derive the hyperscaling relation for the topological susceptibility in the conformal window in terms of the quark mass.

Gender Differences in the Association Between Religion/Spirituality and Simultaneous Polysubstance Use (SPU).

PubMed

Acheampong, Abenaa B; Lasopa, Sonam; Striley, Catherine W; Cottler, Linda B

2016-10-01

While religion/spirituality strongly protects against drug use (Cheney et al. in J Drug Issues 44(1):94-113, 2014), little is known about gender differences in the association of religion/spirituality on simultaneous polysubstance use (SPU) among those who use prescription opioids. Data come from a community-based study that recruited community members from the St Louis area (N = 632). Participants were asked whether they used prescription opioids when not prescribed for them or in ways other than prescribed in the past 12 months. Religion/spirituality was categorized as high, medium, or low based on personal views on the importance of religion and spirituality, attendance at religious services, and advice seeking from religious leaders. SPU was defined as non-medical use of opioids simultaneously with use of cocaine, alcohol, ecstasy, or marijuana. Multivariate logistic regression determined the association between religion/spirituality, demographic variables, and SPU. Men with high levels of religion/spirituality had 63 % decreased odds of SPU compared with men with low levels. Other variables associated with SPU in men were four or more arrests (AOR 2.21), multiple sex partners (AOR 2.11), and opioid use without a prescription (AOR 3.04). Women with high or medium levels of religion/spirituality had 58 and 62 % decreased odds of SPU compared with women with low levels. Variables that predicted SPU in women also included 4+ arrests (AOR 5.00) and never being married (AOR 2.13). Being African-American was associated with decreased odds of SPU in women (AOR 0.32). Overall, a high level of religion/spirituality was associated with lower odds of SPU. Gender differences in this association were evident, whereas women with even a medium level of religion/spirituality had significantly decreased odds of SPU. Future drug prevention and interventions should consider the relevance of religion/spirituality in SPU.

Embryotoxic thresholds of mercury: estimates from individual mallard eggs

USGS Publications Warehouse

Heinz, G.H.; Hoffman, D.J.

2003-01-01

Eighty pairs of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) were fed an uncontaminated diet until each female had laid 15 eggs. After each female had laid her 15th egg, the pair was randomly assigned to a control diet or diets containing 5, 10, or 20 ?g/g mercury as methylmercury until she had laid a second set of 15 eggs. There were 20 pairs in each group. After the second set of 15 eggs, the pair was returned to an uncontaminated diet, and the female was permitted to lay another 30 eggs. For those pairs fed the mercury diets, the even-numbered eggs were incubated and the odd-numbered eggs were saved for possible mercury analysis. Mercury in the even-numbered eggs was estimated as the average of what was in the neighboring odd-numbered eggs. Neurological signs of methylmercury poisoning were observed in ducklings that hatched from eggs containing as little as 2.3 ?g/g estimated mercury on a wet-weight basis, and deformities were seen in embryos from eggs containing about 1 ?g/g estimated mercury. Although embryo mortality was seen in eggs estimated to contain as little as 0.74 ?g/g mercury, there were considerable differences in the sensitivity of mallard embryos, especially from different parents, with some embryos surviving as much as 30 or more ?g/g mercury in the egg.

Tracking and prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors across socio-economic classes: a longitudinal substudy of the European Youth Heart Study.

PubMed

Kristensen, Peter L; Wedderkopp, Niels; Møller, Niels C; Andersen, Lars B; Bai, Charlotte N; Froberg, Karsten

2006-01-27

The highest prevalence of several cardiovascular disease risk factors including obesity, smoking and low physical activity level is observed in adults of low socioeconomic status. This study investigates whether tracking of body mass index and physical fitness from childhood to adolescence differs between groups of socioeconomic status. Furthermore the study investigates whether social class differences in the prevalence of overweight and low physical fitness exist or develop within the age range from childhood to adolescence. In all, 384 school children were followed for a period of six years (from third to ninth grade). Physical fitness was determined by a progressive maximal cycle ergometer test and the classification of overweight was based on body mass index cut-points proposed by the International Obesity Task Force. Socioeconomic status was defined according to The International Standard Classification of Occupation scheme. Moderate and moderately high tracking was observed for physical fitness and body mass index, respectively. No significant difference in tracking was observed between groups of socioeconomic status. A significant social gradient was observed in both the prevalence of overweight and low physical fitness in the 14-16-year-old adolescents, whereas at the age of 8-10 years, only the prevalence of low physical fitness showed a significant inverse relation to socioeconomic status. The odds of both developing and maintaining risk during the measurement period were estimated as bigger in the group of low socioeconomic status than in the group of high socioeconomic status, although differences were significant only with respect to the odds of developing overweight. The results indicate that the fundamental possibilities of predicting overweight and low physical fitness at an early point in time are the same for different groups of socio-economic status. Furthermore, the observed development of social inequalities in the absolute prevalence of overweight and low physical fitness underline the need for broad preventive efforts targeting children of low socioeconomic status in early childhood.

Stable mercury isotope ratios as tracers for Hg cycling at the inoperative New Idria Hg mine, California

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wiederhold, J. G.; Jew, A. D.; Brown, G. E.; Bourdon, B.; Kretzschmar, R.

2010-12-01

The seven stable isotopes of Hg are fractionated in the environment as a result of mass-dependent (MDF) and mass-independent (MIF) fractionation processes that can be studied in parallel by analyzing the ratios of even and odd mass Hg isotopes. MDF and MIF Hg isotope signatures of natural samples may provide a new tool to trace sources and transformations in environmental Hg cycling. However, the mechanisms controlling the extent of kinetic and equilibrium Hg isotope fractionations are still only partially understood. Thus, development of this promising tracer requires experimental calibration of relevant fractionation factors as well as assessment of natural variations of Hg isotope ratios under different environmental conditions. The inoperative Hg mine in New Idria (California, USA) represents an ideal case study to explore Hg isotope fractionation during Hg transformation and transport processes. More than a century of Hg mining and on-site thermal refining to obtain elemental Hg until 1972 produced large volumes of contaminated mine wastes which now represent sources of Hg pollution for the surrounding ecosystems. Here, we present Hg isotope data from various materials collected at New Idria using Cold-Vapor-MC-ICPMS with a long-term δ202Hg reproducibility of ±0.1‰ (2SD). Uncalcined mine waste samples were isotopically similar to NIST-3133 and did not exhibit any MIF signatures. In contrast, calcine samples, which represent the residue of the thermal ore processing at 700°C, had significantly heavier δ202Hg values of up to +1.5‰. In addition, we observed small negative MIF anomalies of the odd-mass Hg isotopes in the calcine samples, which could be caused either by nuclear volume fractionation or a magnetic isotope effect during or after the roasting process. The mass-dependent enrichment of heavy Hg isotopes in the calcine materials indicates that light Hg isotopes were preferentially removed during the roasting process, in agreement with a previous study by Stetson et al. (ES&T, 2009, 43:7331-7336). In order to further elucidate the Hg isotope signatures of the New Idria samples, we performed a three-step sequential extraction procedure to separate different Hg pools. The calcine samples exhibited a higher proportion of leachable Hg phases compared with the unrefined ore waste samples. The most soluble Hg pool (HAc/HCl, pH 2) had a significantly heavier MDF and more negative MIF signature than the bulk calcine samples, suggesting that the dissolution of more soluble Hg phases from calcine materials results in an enhanced flux of leached Hg which is isotopically distinct from the original ore. Moreover, this finding demonstrates that the Hg isotope fractionation during the ore roasting cannot be solely explained by a kinetic Rayleigh-type process which removes light Hg isotopes, but must additionally involve the formation of isotopically heavy secondary Hg phases in the calcine. The analysis of additional samples will enable us to test this hypothesis and to gain further insights into the applicability of stable Hg isotope ratios as source and process tracers in Hg-contaminated environments.

How does an asymmetric magnetic field change the vertical structure of a hot accretion flow?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Samadi, M.; Abbassi, S.; Lovelace, R. V. E.

2017-09-01

This paper explores the effects of large-scale magnetic fields in hot accretion flows for asymmetric configurations with respect to the equatorial plane. The solutions that we have found show that the large-scale asymmetric magnetic field can significantly affect the dynamics of the flow and also cause notable outflows in the outer parts. Previously, we treated a viscous resistive accreting disc in the presence of an odd symmetric B-field about the equatorial plane. Now, we extend our earlier work by taking into account another configuration of large-scale magnetic field that is no longer symmetric. We provide asymmetric field structures with small deviations from even and odd symmetric B-field. Our results show that the disc's dynamics and appearance become different above and below the equatorial plane. The set of solutions also predicts that even a small deviation in a symmetric field causes the disc to compress on one side and expand on the other. In some cases, our solution represents a very strong outflow from just one side of the disc. Therefore, the solution may potentially explain the origin of one-sided jets in radio galaxies.

High-harmonic generation from an atomically thin semiconductor [Observation of high harmonics from an atomically thin semiconductor

DOE PAGES

Liu, Hanzhe; Li, Yilei; You, Yong Sing; ...

2016-11-14

High-harmonic generation (HHG) in bulk solids permits the exploration of materials in a new regime of strong fields and attosecond timescales. The generation process has been discussed in the context of strongly driven electron dynamics in single-particle bands. Two-dimensional materials exhibit distinctive electronic properties compared to the bulk that could significantly modify the HHG process, including different symmetries, access to individual valleys and enhanced many-body interactions. Here we demonstrate non-perturbative HHG from a monolayer MoS 2 crystal, with even and odd harmonics extending to the 13th order. The even orders are predominantly polarized perpendicular to the pump and are compatiblemore » with the anomalous transverse intraband current arising from the material’s Berry curvature, while the weak parallel component suggests the importance of interband transitions. The odd harmonics exhibit a significant enhancement in efficiency per layer compared to the bulk, which is attributed to correlation effects. In conclusion, the combination of strong many-body Coulomb interactions and widely tunable electronic properties in two-dimensional materials offers a new platform for attosecond physics.« less

Density-functional theory study of the geometries, stabilities, and electronic properties of Au n Rb (n = 1-10) clusters: comparison with pure gold clusters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, Yan-Fei; Jiang, Gang; Meng, Da-Qiao

2012-01-01

The density functional method with the relativistic effective core potential has been employed to investigate systematically the geometric structures, relative stabilities, growth-pattern behavior, and electronic properties of small bimetallic Au n Rb (n = 1-10) and pure gold Au n (n ≤ 11) clusters. For the geometric structures of the Au n Rb (n = 1-10) clusters, the dominant growth pattern is for a Rb-substituted Au n +1 cluster or one Au atom capped on a Au n -1Rb cluster, and the turnover point from a two-dimensional to a three-dimensional structure occurs at n = 4. Moreover, the stability of the ground-state structures of these clusters has been examined via an analysis of the average atomic binding energies, fragmentation energies, and the second-order difference of energies as a function of cluster size. The results exhibit a pronounced even-odd alternation phenomenon. The same pronounced even-odd alternations are found for the HOMO-LUMO gap, VIPs, VEAs, and the chemical hardness. In addition, about one electron charge transfers from the Au n host to the Rb atom in each corresponding Au n Rb cluster.

Spectroscopy of a one-dimensional V-shaped quantum well with a point impurity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fassari, S.; Gadella, M.; Glasser, M. L.; Nieto, L. M.

2018-02-01

We consider the one-dimensional Hamiltonian with a V-shaped potential H0 = 1/2 [ -d2/dx2 + | x | ], decorated with a point impurity of either δ-type, or local δ‧-type or even nonlocal δ‧-type, thus yielding three exactly solvable models. We analyse the behaviour of the change in the energy levels when an interaction of the type - λ δ(x) or - λ δ(x -x0) is switched on. In the first case, even energy levels, pertaining to antisymmetric bound states, remain invariant with respect to λ even though odd energy levels, pertaining to symmetric bound states, decrease as λ increases. In the second, all energy levels decrease when the factor λ increases. A similar study has been performed for the so-called nonlocal δ‧ interaction, requiring a coupling constant renormalisation, which implies the replacement of the form factor λ by a renormalised form factor β. In terms of β, odd energy levels are unchanged. However, we show the existence of level crossings: after a fixed value of β the energy of each even level, with the natural exception of the first one, becomes lower than the constant energy of the previous odd level. Finally, we consider an interaction of the type - λδ(x) + μδ‧(x) , and analyse in detail the discrete spectrum of the resulting self-adjoint Hamiltonian.

Maternal Nonstandard Work Schedules and Breastfeeding Behaviors.

PubMed

Zilanawala, Afshin

2017-06-01

Objectives Although maternal employment rates have increased in the last decade in the UK, there is very little research investigating the linkages between maternal nonstandard work schedules (i.e., work schedules outside of the Monday through Friday, 9-5 schedule) and breastfeeding initiation and duration, especially given the wide literature citing the health advantages of breastfeeding for mothers and children. Methods This paper uses a population-based, UK cohort study, the Millennium Cohort Study (n = 17,397), to investigate the association between types of maternal nonstandard work (evening, night, away from home overnight, and weekends) and breastfeeding behaviors. Results In unadjusted models, exposure to evening shifts was associated with greater odds of breastfeeding initiation (OR 1.71, CI 1.50-1.94) and greater odds of short (OR 1.55, CI 1.32-1.81), intermediate (OR 2.01, CI 1.64-2.47), prolonged partial duration (OR 2.20, CI 1.78-2.72), and prolonged exclusive duration (OR 1.53, CI 1.29-1.82), compared with mothers who were unemployed and those who work other types of nonstandard shifts. Socioeconomic advantage of mothers working evening schedules largely explained the higher odds of breastfeeding initiation and duration. Conclusions Socioeconomic characteristics explain more breastfeeding behaviors among mothers working evening shifts. Policy interventions to increase breastfeeding initiation and duration should consider the timing of maternal work schedules.

The warm, rich sound of valve guitar amplifiers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Keeports, David

2017-03-01

Practical solid state diodes and transistors have made glass valve technology nearly obsolete. Nevertheless, valves survive largely because electric guitar players much prefer the sound of valve amplifiers to the sound of transistor amplifiers. This paper discusses the introductory-level physics behind that preference. Overdriving an amplifier adds harmonics to an input sound. While a moderately overdriven valve amplifier produces strong even harmonics that enhance a sound, an overdriven transistor amplifier creates strong odd harmonics that can cause dissonance. The functioning of a triode valve explains its creation of even and odd harmonics. Music production software enables the examination of both the wave shape and the harmonic content of amplified sounds.

Are numbers gendered?

PubMed

Wilkie, James E B; Bodenhausen, Galen V

2012-05-01

We examined the possibility that nonsocial, highly generic concepts are gendered. Specifically, we investigated the gender connotations of Arabic numerals. Across several experiments, we show that the number 1 and other odd numbers are associated with masculinity, whereas the number 2 and other even numbers are associated with femininity, in ways that influence judgments of stimuli arbitrarily paired with numerical cues; specifically, babies' faces and foreign names were more likely to be judged as "male" when paired with odd versus even numbers. The power of logically irrelevant numerical stimuli to connote masculinity or femininity reflects the pervasiveness of gender as a social scaffolding for generating understandings of abstract concepts.

Compact objects in pure Lovelock theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dadhich, Naresh; Hansraj, Sudan; Chilambwe, Brian

For static fluid interiors of compact objects in pure Lovelock gravity (involving only one Nth order term in the equation), we establish similarity in solutions for the critical odd and even d = 2N + 1, 2N + 2 dimensions. It turns out that in critical odd d = 2N + 1 dimensions, there cannot exist any bound distribution with a finite radius, while in critical even d = 2N + 2 dimensions, all solutions have similar behavior. For exhibition of similarity, we would compare star solutions for N = 1, 2 in d = 4 Einstein and d = 6 in Gauss-Bonnet theory, respectively. We also obtain the pure Lovelock analogue of the Finch-Skea model.

An Experimental and Numerical Study of Roughness-Induced Instabilities in a Mach 3.5 Boundary Layer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kegerise, Michael A.; King, Rudolph A.; Owens, Lewis R.; Choudhari, Meelan M.; Norris, Andrew T.; Li, Fei; Chang, Chau-Layn

2012-01-01

Progress on a joint experimental and numerical study of laminar-to-turbulent transition induced by an isolated roughness element in a high-speed laminar boundary layer is reported in this paper. The numerical analysis suggests that transition is driven by the instability of high- and low-speed streaks embedded in the wake of the isolated roughness element. In addition, spatial stability analysis revealed that the wake flow supports multiple modes (even and odd) of convective instabilities that experience strong enough growth to cause transition. The experimental measurements, which included hot-wire and pitot-probe surveys, confirmed the existence of embedded high- and low-speed streaks in the roughness wake. Furthermore, the measurements indicate the presence of both even and odd modes of instability, although their relative magnitude depends on the specifics of the roughness geometry and flow conditions (e.g., the value of Re(sub kk) or k/delta. For the two test cases considered in the measurements (Re(sub kk) values of 462 and 319), the even mode and the odd mode were respectively dominant and appear to play a primary role in the transition process.

Interference of fission amplitudes of neutron resonances and T-odd asymmetry for various prescission third particles in the ternary fission of nuclei

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kadmensky, S. G., E-mail: kadmensky@phys.vsu.ru; Bunakov, V. E.; Kadmensky, S. S.

Differential cross sections for reactions of the true ternary fission of nuclei that was induced by cold polarized neutrons were constructed with allowance of the effect that Coriolis interaction and the interference between fission amplitudes of neutron resonances excited in fissile nuclei upon incidentneutron capture by target nuclei exerted on angular distributions of prescission third particles (alpha particles, neutrons, or photons). It is shown that T -odd TRI- and ROT-type asymmetries for prescission alpha particles are associated with, respectively, the odd and even components of the Coriolis interaction-perturbed amplitude of angular distributions of particles belonging to the types indicated above.more » These asymmetries have angular distributions differing from each other and stemming from a nontrivial dependence of these components on the neutron-resonance spins J{sub s} and their projections K{sub s} onto the symmetry axis of the nucleus involved. It is shown that angular distributions of prescission photons and neutrons from reactions of the ternary fission of nuclei that is induced by cold polarized neutrons are determined by the effect of Coriolis forces exclusively. Therefore, the emerging T-odd asymmetries have a character of a ROT-type asymmetry and are universal for all target nuclei.« less

Sigma decomposition: the CP-odd Lagrangian

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hierro, I. M.; Merlo, L.; Rigolin, S.

2016-04-01

In Alonso et al., JHEP 12 (2014) 034, the CP-even sector of the effective chiral Lagrangian for a generic composite Higgs model with a symmetric coset has been constructed, up to four momenta. In this paper, the CP-odd couplings are studied within the same context. If only the Standard Model bosonic sources of custodial symmetry breaking are considered, then at most six independent operators form a basis. One of them is the weak- θ term linked to non-perturbative sources of CP violation, while the others describe CP-odd perturbative couplings between the Standard Model gauge bosons and an Higgs-like scalar belonging to the Goldstone boson sector. The procedure is then applied to three distinct exemplifying frameworks: the original SU(5)/SO(5) Georgi-Kaplan model, the minimal custodial-preserving SO(5)/SO(4) model and the minimal SU(3)/(SU(2) × U(1)) model, which intrinsically breaks custodial symmetry. Moreover, the projection of the high-energy electroweak effective theory to the low-energy chiral effective Lagrangian for a dynamical Higgs is performed, uncovering strong relations between the operator coefficients and pinpointing the differences with the elementary Higgs scenario.

Does Mass Azithromycin Distribution Impact Child Growth and Nutrition in Niger? A Cluster-Randomized Trial

PubMed Central

Amza, Abdou; Yu, Sun N.; Kadri, Boubacar; Nassirou, Baido; Stoller, Nicole E.; Zhou, Zhaoxia; West, Sheila K.; Bailey, Robin L.; Gaynor, Bruce D.; Keenan, Jeremy D.; Porco, Travis C.; Lietman, Thomas M.

2014-01-01

Background Antibiotic use on animals demonstrates improved growth regardless of whether or not there is clinical evidence of infectious disease. Antibiotics used for trachoma control may play an unintended benefit of improving child growth. Methodology In this sub-study of a larger randomized controlled trial, we assess anthropometry of pre-school children in a community-randomized trial of mass oral azithromycin distributions for trachoma in Niger. We measured height, weight, and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) in 12 communities randomized to receive annual mass azithromycin treatment of everyone versus 12 communities randomized to receive biannual mass azithromycin treatments for children, 3 years after the initial mass treatment. We collected measurements in 1,034 children aged 6–60 months of age. Principal Findings We found no difference in the prevalence of wasting among children in the 12 annually treated communities that received three mass azithromycin distributions compared to the 12 biannually treated communities that received six mass azithromycin distributions (odds ratio = 0.88, 95% confidence interval = 0.53 to 1.49). Conclusions/Significance We were unable to demonstrate a statistically significant difference in stunting, underweight, and low MUAC of pre-school children in communities randomized to annual mass azithromycin treatment or biannual mass azithromycin treatment. The role of antibiotics on child growth and nutrition remains unclear, but larger studies and longitudinal trials may help determine any association. PMID:25210836

Band-selective filter in a zigzag graphene nanoribbon.

PubMed

Nakabayashi, Jun; Yamamoto, Daisuke; Kurihara, Susumu

2009-02-13

Electric transport of a zigzag graphene nanoribbon through a steplike potential and a barrier potential is investigated by using the recursive Green's function method. In the case of the steplike potential, we demonstrate numerically that scattering processes obey a selection rule for the band indices when the number of zigzag chains is even; the electrons belonging to the "even" ("odd") bands are scattered only into the even (odd) bands so that the parity of the wave functions is preserved. In the case of the barrier potential, by tuning the barrier height to be an appropriate value, we show that it can work as the "band-selective filter", which transmits electrons selectively with respect to the indices of the bands to which the incident electrons belong. Finally, we suggest that this selection rule can be observed in the conductance by applying two barrier potentials.

Socio-economic influences on anthropometric status in urban South African adolescents: sex differences in the Birth to Twenty Plus cohort.

PubMed

Pradeilles, Rebecca; Griffiths, Paula L; Norris, Shane A; Feeley, Alison B; Rousham, Emily K

2015-11-01

To investigate the associations of household and neighbourhood socio-economic position (SEP) with indicators of both under- and overnutrition in adolescents and to explore sex differences. Analysis of anthropometric, household and neighbourhood SEP data from the Birth to Twenty Plus cohort born in 1990. Anthropometric outcomes were BMI (thinness, overweight and obesity) and percentage body fat (%BF; low, high). Associations between these and the household wealth index, caregiver education and neighbourhood SEP tertile measures were examined using binary logistic regression. Johannesburg-Soweto, South Africa. Adolescents aged 17-19 years (n 2019; 48·2% men). Women had a significantly higher combined prevalence of overweight/obesity (26·2%) than men (8·2%) whereas men had a significantly higher prevalence of thinness than women (22·2% v. 10·6%, respectively). Having a low neighbourhood social support index was associated with higher odds of high %BF in women (OR=1·59; 95% CI 1·03, 2·44). A low household wealth index was associated with lower odds of both overweight (OR=0·31; 95% CI 0·12, 0·76) and high %BF in men (OR=0·28; 95% CI 0·10, 0·78). A low or middle household wealth index was associated with higher odds of being thin in men (OR=1·90; 95% CI 1·09, 3·31 and OR=1·80; 95% CI 1·03, 3·15, respectively). For women, a low household wealth index was associated with lower odds of being thin (OR=0·49; 95% CI 0·25, 0·96). The study highlights that even within a relatively small urban area the nutrition transition manifests itself differently in men and women and across SEP indicators. Understanding the challenges for different sexes at different ages is vital in helping to plan public health services.

Cross-sectional population associations between detailed adiposity measures and C-reactive protein levels at age 6 years: the Generation R Study.

PubMed

Toemen, L; Gishti, O; Vogelezang, S; Gaillard, R; Hofman, A; Franco, O H; Felix, J F; Jaddoe, V W V

2015-07-01

High body mass index is associated with increased C-reactive protein levels in childhood and adulthood. Little is known about the associations of detailed adiposity measures with C-reactive protein levels in childhood. We examined the associations of general and abdominal adiposity measures with C-reactive protein levels at school age. To gain insight into the direction of causality, we used genetic risk scores based on known genetic variants in adults as proxies for child adiposity measures and C-reactive protein levels. Within a population-based cohort study among 4338 children at the median age of 6.2 years, we measured body mass index, fat mass percentage, android/gynoid fat mass ratio and preperitoneal abdominal fat mass. We also measured C-reactive protein blood levels and defined increased levels as ⩾3.0 mg l(-1). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for the weighted genetic risk scores were extracted from large genome-wide association studies on adult body mass index, waist-hip ratio and C-reactive protein levels. All fat mass measures were associated with increased C-reactive protein levels, even after adjusting for multiple confounders. Fat mass percentage was most strongly associated with increased C-reactive protein levels (odds ratio 1.46 (95% confidence interval 1.30-1.65) per increase standard deviation scores in fat mass percentage). The association was independent of body mass index. The genetic risk score based on adult body mass index SNPs, but not adult waist-hip ratio SNPs, tended to be associated with increased C-reactive protein levels at school age. The genetic risk score based on adult C-reactive protein level SNPs was not associated with adiposity measures at school age. Our results suggest that higher general and abdominal fat mass may lead to increased C-reactive protein levels at school age. Further studies are needed to replicate these results and explore the causality and long-term consequences.

Critical flavor number of the Thirring model in three dimensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wellegehausen, Björn H.; Schmidt, Daniel; Wipf, Andreas

2017-11-01

The Thirring model is a four-fermion theory with a current-current interaction and U (2 N ) chiral symmetry. It is closely related to three-dimensional QED and other models used to describe properties of graphene. In addition, it serves as a toy model to study chiral symmetry breaking. In the limit of flavor number N →1 /2 it is equivalent to the Gross-Neveu model, which shows a parity-breaking discrete phase transition. The model was already studied with different methods, including Dyson-Schwinger equations, functional renormalization group methods, and lattice simulations. Most studies agree that there is a phase transition from a symmetric phase to a spontaneously broken phase for a small number of fermion flavors, but no symmetry breaking for large N . But there is no consensus on the critical flavor number Ncr above which there is no phase transition anymore and on further details of the critical behavior. Values of N found in the literature vary between 2 and 7. All earlier lattice studies were performed with staggered fermions. Thus it is questionable if in the continuum limit the lattice model recovers the internal symmetries of the continuum model. We present new results from lattice Monte Carlo simulations of the Thirring model with SLAC fermions which exactly implement all internal symmetries of the continuum model even at finite lattice spacing. If we reformulate the model in an irreducible representation of the Clifford algebra, we find, in contradiction to earlier results, that the behavior for even and odd flavor numbers is very different: for even flavor numbers, chiral and parity symmetry are always unbroken; for odd flavor numbers, parity symmetry is spontaneously broken below the critical flavor number Nircr=9 , while chiral symmetry is still unbroken.

Microscopic theory of Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya interaction in pyrochlore oxides with spin-orbit coupling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arakawa, Naoya

2016-10-01

Pyrochlore oxides show several fascinating phenomena, such as the formation of heavy fermions and the thermal Hall effect. Although a key to understanding some phenomena may be the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya (DM) interaction, its microscopic origin is unclear. To clarify the microscopic origin, we constructed a t2 g-orbital model with the kinetic energy, the trigonal-distortion potential, the multiorbital Hubbard interactions, and the L S coupling, and derived the low-energy effective Hamiltonian for a d1 Mott insulator with the weak L S coupling. We first show that lack of the inversion center of each nearest-neighbor V-V bond causes the odd-mirror interorbital hopping integrals. Those are qualitatively different from the even-mirror hopping integrals, existing even with the inversion center. We next show that the second-order perturbation using the kinetic terms leads to the ferromagnetic and the antiferromagnetic superexchange interactions, whose competition is controllable by tuning the Hubbard interactions. Then, we show the most important result: the third-order perturbation terms using the combination of the even-mirror hopping integral, the odd-mirror hopping integral, and the L S coupling causes the DM interaction due to the mirror-mixing effect, where those hopping integrals are necessary to obtain the antisymmetric kinetic exchange and the L S coupling is necessary to excite the orbital angular momentum at one of two sites. We also show that the magnitude and sign of the DM interaction can be controlled by changing the positions of the O ions and the strength of the Hubbard interactions. We discuss the advantages in comparison with the phenomenological theory and Moriya's microscopic theory, applicability of our mechanism, and the similarities and differences between our case and the strong-L S -coupling case.

Body mass index and anxiety/depression as mediators of the effects of child sexual and physical abuse on physical health disorders in women.

PubMed

McCarthy-Jones, Simon; McCarthy-Jones, Roseline

2014-12-01

The relation between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and physical health disorders in adulthood, and what factors may serve as mediators, remains poorly understood. Using data from the 2007 Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey (N=3,486), we tested whether CSA was associated with physical health disorders in adult women and if mediated effects via body mass index (BMI), anxiety/depression, alcohol dependence, and smoking were present. Compared to women with no CSA, women who had experienced CSA involving intercourse had more than twice the odds of being obese, more than 3 times the odds of experiencing mental health disorders, more than 4 times the odds of being alcohol dependent, more than 5 times the odds of being drug dependent, and more than 6 times the odds of attempting suicide. Those experiencing both CSA and child physical abuse (CPA) were on average over 11kg heavier than those with neither CSA nor CPA. After controlling for demographics, CPA, and childhood bullying, CSA was associated with the majority of physical health disorders studied (typically 50-100% increases in odds). Evidence was found consistent with mediation by BMI (typically accounting for 5-20% increases in odds) and anxiety/depression (typically accounting for 8-40% increases in odds), in a dose-response manner, for the majority of physical health disorders. Bidirectional relations among these mediators and physical health disorders, and residual confounding, may have led to overestimation of mediation through BMI and anxiety/depression and underestimation of mediation through alcohol/smoking. Relations between both CPA and childhood bullying and physical health disorders in adulthood were also found. Longitudinal studies employing more sensitive measures of potential mediators are now required. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Using a metal detector to determine lead sinker abundance in waterbird habitat

USGS Publications Warehouse

Duerr, A.E.; DeStefano, S.

2000-01-01

Waterbirds have died of lead poisoning from ingesting lead fishing sinkers in the United States and Europe. Estimating abundance and distribution of sinkers in the environment will help researchers to understand the potential effects of lead poisoning from sinker ingestion. We used a metal detector to test how environmental conditions and sinker characteristics affected detection of sinkers. Odds of detecting a lead sinker depended on the interaction of sinker mass and depth where it was buried (P=0.002). The odds of detecting a sinker increased with mass and decreased with depth buried. Lead split-shot sinkers were less detectable than tin, brass, and stainless steel sinkers. Detecting lead sinkers was not influenced by sinker shape, substrate type, or whether we searched underwater or on land. We developed a model to determine the proportion of sinkers detected when this detector is used to search for sinkers, so sinker abundance can be estimated. The log odds (Logit) of detecting a lead sinker with mass M g buried D cm below the surface was Logit Y= -1.63 + 4.20 M - 0.45 D - 0.27 MD + 0.0002 D2. The probability of detecting a lead sinker was e(Logit Y)/(1 + e(Logit Y)). At the surface, 90% of sinkers with mass 0.9 g will be detected.

Socioeconomic status and type 2 diabetes complications among young adult patients in Japan.

PubMed

Funakoshi, Mitsuhiko; Azami, Yasushi; Matsumoto, Hisashi; Ikota, Akemi; Ito, Koichi; Okimoto, Hisashi; Shimizu, Nobuaki; Tsujimura, Fumihiro; Fukuda, Hiroshi; Miyagi, Chozi; Osawa, Sayaka; Osawa, Ryo; Miura, Jiro

2017-01-01

To assess the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and complications of type 2 diabetes among young adults in Japan. A cross-sectional study. Outpatient wards of 96 member hospitals and clinics of the Japan Federation of Democratic Medical Institutions. A total of 782 outpatients with type 2 diabetes (525 males, 257 females), aged 20-40 years as of March 31, 2012. After excluding 110 participants whose retinopathy diagnosis was in question, 672 participants were analyzed. We examined the relations between SES (educational level, income, type of public healthcare insurance, and employment status) and diabetes complications (retinopathy and nephropathy) using a multivariate logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of type 2 diabetic retinopathy was 23.2%, while that of nephropathy was 8.9%. The odds of having retinopathy were higher among junior high school graduates (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.09-3.34), patients receiving public assistance (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.20-3.95), and patients with irregular (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.03-2.86) or no employment (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.36-3.68), compared to those with a higher SES, even after covariate adjustment (e.g., age, gender, body mass index). Similarly, the odds of having nephropathy were higher among patients with middle (OR 3.61, 95% CI 1.69-8.27) or low income levels (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.11-6.07), even after covariate adjustment. Low SES was associated with a greater likelihood of type 2 diabetes complications in young adults. These findings suggest the necessity of health policies that mitigate socioeconomic disparity and thereby reduce the prevalence of diabetic complications.

Higher dimensional Taub-NUT spaces and applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stelea, Cristian Ionut

In the first part of this thesis we discuss classes of new exact NUT-charged solutions in four dimensions and higher, while in the remainder of the thesis we make a study of their properties and their possible applications. Specifically, in four dimensions we construct new families of axisymmetric vacuum solutions using a solution-generating technique based on the hidden SL(2,R) symmetry of the effective action. In particular, using the Schwarzschild solution as a seed we obtain the Zipoy-Voorhees generalisation of the Taub-NUT solution and of the Eguchi-Hanson soliton. Using the C-metric as a seed, we obtain and study the accelerating versions of all the above solutions. In higher dimensions we present new classes of NUT-charged spaces, generalising the previously known even-dimensional solutions to odd and even dimensions, as well as to spaces with multiple NUT-parameters. We also find the most general form of the odd-dimensional Eguchi-Hanson solitons. We use such solutions to investigate the thermodynamic properties of NUT-charged spaces in (A)dS backgrounds. These have been shown to yield counter-examples to some of the conjectures advanced in the still elusive dS/CFT paradigm (such as the maximal mass conjecture and Bousso's entropic N-bound). One important application of NUT-charged spaces is to construct higher dimensional generalisations of Kaluza-Klein magnetic monopoles, generalising the known 5-dimensional Kaluza-Klein soliton. Another interesting application involves a study of time-dependent higher-dimensional bubbles-of-nothing generated from NUT-charged solutions. We use them to test the AdS/CFT conjecture as well as to generate, by using stringy Hopf-dualities, new interesting time-dependent solutions in string theory. Finally, we construct and study new NUT-charged solutions in higher-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell theories, generalising the known Reissner-Nordstrom solutions.

Cardiac rehabilitation after percutaneous coronary intervention: Results from a nationwide survey.

PubMed

Olsen, Siv Js; Schirmer, Henrik; Bønaa, Kaare H; Hanssen, Tove A

2018-03-01

The purpose of this study was to estimate the proportion of Norwegian coronary heart disease patients participating in cardiac rehabilitation programmes after percutaneous coronary intervention, and to determine predictors of cardiac rehabilitation participation. Participants were patients enrolled in the Norwegian Coronary Stent Trial. We assessed cardiac rehabilitation participation in 9013 of these patients who had undergone their first percutaneous coronary intervention during 2008-2011. Of these, 7068 patients (82%) completed a self-administered questionnaire on cardiac rehabilitation participation within three years after their percutaneous coronary intervention. Twenty-eight per cent of the participants reported engaging in cardiac rehabilitation. Participation rate differed among the four regional health authorities in Norway, varying from 20%-31%. Patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for an acute coronary syndrome were more likely to participate in cardiac rehabilitation than patients with stable angina (odds ratio 3.2; 95% confidence interval 2.74-3.76). A multivariate statistical model revealed that men had a 28% lower probability ( p<0.001) of participating in cardiac rehabilitation, and the odds of attending cardiac rehabilitation decreased with increasing age ( p<0.001). Contributors to higher odds of cardiac rehabilitation participation were educational level >12 years (odds ratio 1.50; 95% confidence interval 1.32-1.71) and body mass index>25 (odds ratio 1.19; 95% confidence interval 1.05-1.36). Prior coronary artery bypass graft was associated with lower odds of cardiac rehabilitation participation (odds ratio 0.47; 95% confidence interval 0.32-0.70) Conclusion: The estimated cardiac rehabilitation participation rate among patients undergoing first-time percutaneous coronary intervention is low in Norway. The typical participant is young, overweight, well-educated, and had an acute coronary event. These results varied by geographical region.

Mercury Isotopes in Earth and Environmental Sciences

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blum, Joel D.; Sherman, Laura S.; Johnson, Marcus W.

2014-05-01

Virtually all biotic, dark abiotic, and photochemical transformations of mercury (Hg) produce Hg isotope fractionation, which can be either mass dependent (MDF) or mass independent (MIF). The largest range in MDF is observed among geological materials and rainfall impacted by anthropogenic sources. The largest positive MIF of Hg isotopes (odd-mass excess) is caused by photochemical degradation of methylmercury in water. This signature is retained through the food web and measured in all freshwater and marine fish. The largest negative MIF of Hg isotopes (odd-mass deficit) is caused by photochemical reduction of inorganic Hg and has been observed in Arctic snow and plant foliage. Ratios of MDF to MIF and ratios of 199Hg MIF to 201Hg MIF are often diagnostic of biogeochemical reaction pathways. More than a decade of research demonstrates that Hg isotopes can be used to trace sources, biogeochemical cycling, and reactions involving Hg in the environment.

Body mass index as a predictor of firefighter injury and workers' compensation claims.

PubMed

Kuehl, Kerry S; Kisbu-Sakarya, Yasemin; Elliot, Diane L; Moe, Esther L; Defrancesco, Carol A; Mackinnon, David P; Lockhart, Ginger; Goldberg, Linn; Kuehl, Hannah E

2012-05-01

To determine the relationship between lifestyle variables including body mass index and filing a workers' compensation claim due to firefighter injury. A cross-sectional evaluation of firefighter injury related to workers" compensation claims occurring 5 years after the original Promoting Healthy Lifestyles: Alternative Models' Effects study intervention. A logistic regression analysis for variables predicting filing a workers' compensation claim due to an injury was performed with a total of 433 participants. The odds of filing a compensation claim were almost 3 times higher for firefighters with a body mass index of more than 30 kg/m than firefighters with a normal body mass index (odds ratio, 2.89; P < 0.05). This study addresses a high-priority area of reducing firefighter injuries and workers' compensation claims. Maintaining a healthy body weight is important to reduce injury and workers' compensation claims among firefighters.

Decision making for position-dependent obstructive sleep apnea syndrome on the basis of patient information and physical examinations of the upper airway, acquired on an outpatient basis.

PubMed

Endo, Minoru; Kondo, Takahito; Shimada, Rie; Tsukahara, Kiyoaki

2018-06-01

Patients with body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m 2 and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) are highly suspicious for position-dependent OSAS. Diagnosis of position-dependent/position-independent OSAS can be difficult in patients satisfying both 'BMI >25 kg/m 2 ' and 'any of tongue enlargement (TE), palatine tonsil hypertrophy (PTH) and obstruction by Muller's maneuver (OMM)'. Polysomnography is warranted in such patients. The objective was to retrospectively elucidate criteria for differentiating position-dependent OSAS on the basis of patient information and physical examinations of the upper airway obtainable in clinics. The 643 patients were categorized as positional patients (PPs) or non-positional patients (NPPs). The patient background factors examined were sex, age, BMI, and hypertension. TE, PTH, pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy, and OMM were evaluated. Cross-validation was performed using even-numbered registrations as the training set group (Group A) and odd-numbered registrations as the test case group (Group B). In Group A, patients with BMI <25 kg/m 2 were clearly more frequent among PP than among NPP. In Group A with BMI ≥25 kg/m 2 , significant differences were found for TE, PTH and OMM. Significant differences were found between 0 and 1/2/3 for number of factors. Results generated from Group A were validated in Group B.

Accuracy versus convergence rates for a three dimensional multistage Euler code

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Turkel, Eli

1988-01-01

Using a central difference scheme, it is necessary to add an artificial viscosity in order to reach a steady state. This viscosity usually consists of a linear fourth difference to eliminate odd-even oscillations and a nonlinear second difference to suppress oscillations in the neighborhood of steep gradients. There are free constants in these differences. As one increases the artificial viscosity, the high modes are dissipated more and the scheme converges more rapidly. However, this higher level of viscosity smooths the shocks and eliminates other features of the flow. Thus, there is a conflict between the requirements of accuracy and efficiency. Examples are presented for a variety of three-dimensional inviscid solutions over isolated wings.

Measurement of the Higgs boson coupling properties in the H → ZZ* → 4ℓ decay channel at $$ \\sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

DOE PAGES

Aaboud, M.; Aad, G.; Abbott, B.; ...

2018-03-15

Here, the coupling properties of the Higgs boson are studied in the four-lepton (e, μ) decay channel using 36.1 fb –1 of pp collision data from the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector. Cross sections are measured for the main production modes in several exclusive regions of the Higgs boson production phase space and are interpreted in terms of coupling modifiers. The inclusive cross section times branching ratio for H → ZZ* decay and for a Higgs boson absolute rapidity below 2.5 is measured to be 1.73 –0.23 +0.24 (stat.) –0.08 +0.10 (exp.)more » ± 0.04(th.) pb compared to the Standard Model prediction of 1.34±0.09 pb. In addition, the tensor structure of the Higgs boson couplings is studied using an effective Lagrangian approach for the description of interactions beyond the Standard Model. Constraints are placed on the non-Standard-Model CP-even and CP-odd couplings to Z bosons and on the CP-odd coupling to gluons.« less

Measurement of the Higgs boson coupling properties in the H → ZZ* → 4ℓ decay channel at $$ \\sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aaboud, M.; Aad, G.; Abbott, B.

Here, the coupling properties of the Higgs boson are studied in the four-lepton (e, μ) decay channel using 36.1 fb –1 of pp collision data from the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector. Cross sections are measured for the main production modes in several exclusive regions of the Higgs boson production phase space and are interpreted in terms of coupling modifiers. The inclusive cross section times branching ratio for H → ZZ* decay and for a Higgs boson absolute rapidity below 2.5 is measured to be 1.73 –0.23 +0.24 (stat.) –0.08 +0.10 (exp.)more » ± 0.04(th.) pb compared to the Standard Model prediction of 1.34±0.09 pb. In addition, the tensor structure of the Higgs boson couplings is studied using an effective Lagrangian approach for the description of interactions beyond the Standard Model. Constraints are placed on the non-Standard-Model CP-even and CP-odd couplings to Z bosons and on the CP-odd coupling to gluons.« less

On Closed Shells in Nuclei. II

DOE R&D Accomplishments Database

Mayer, M. G.

1949-04-01

Discussion on the use of spins and magnetic moments of the even-odd nuclei by Feenberg and Nordheim to determine the angular momentum of the eigenfunction of the odd particle; discussion of prevalence of isomerism in certain regions of the isotope chart; tabulated data on levels of square well potential, spectroscopic levels, spin term, number of states, shells and known spins and orbital assignments.

Thermodynamics of the clusterization process of cis isomers of unsaturated fatty acids at the air/water interface.

PubMed

Vysotsky, Yu B; Belyaeva, E A; Fainerman, V B; Vollhardt, D; Aksenenko, E V; Miller, R

2009-04-02

In the framework of the semiempirical PM3 method, the thermodynamic parameters of cis isomers of unsaturated carboxylic acids at the air/water interface are studied. The model systems used are unsaturated cis fatty acid of the composition Delta = 12-15 and omega = 6-11, where Delta and omega refer to the number of carbon atoms between the functional group and double bond, and that between the double bond and methyl group, respectively. For dimers, trimers, and tetramers of the four acid series, the thermodynamic parameters of clusterization are calculated. It is shown that the position of the double bond does not significantly affect the values of thermodynamic parameters of formation and clusterization of carboxylic acids for equal chain lengths (n = Delta + omega). The calculated results show that for cis unsaturated fatty acid with odd Delta values the spontaneous clusterization threshold corresponds to n = 17-18 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, while for monounsaturated acids with even Delta values this threshold corresponds to n = 18-19 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain. These differences in the clusterization threshold between the acids with even and odd Delta values are attributed to the formation of additional intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the ketonic oxygen atom of one monomer and the hydrogen atom linked to the alpha-carbon atom of the second monomer for the acids with odd Delta values or between the hydroxyl oxygen atom of one monomer and hydrogen atom linked to the alpha-carbon atom of the second monomer for the acids with even Delta values. The results obtained in the study agree satisfactorily with our experimental data for cis unsaturated nervonic (Delta15, omega9) and erucic acids (Delta13, omega9), and published data for some fatty acids, namely cis-16-heptadecenoic (Delta16, omega1), cis-9-hexadecenoic (Delta7, omega9), cis-11-eicosenoic (Delta11, omega9) and cis-9-octadecenoic acid (Delta9, omega9).

Lorentz and CPT Tests with Atoms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vargas Silva, Arnaldo J.

The prospects for using atomic-spectroscopy experiments to test Lorentz and CPT symmetry are investigated. Phenomenological models for Lorentz violation studied in this work include ones with contributions from all quadratic operators for a Dirac fermion in the Lagrange density of the Standard-Model Extension (SME), without restriction on the operator mass dimension. The systems considered include atoms composed of conventional matter, antimatter, and second-generation particles. Generic expressions for the Lorentz-violating energy shifts applicable to a broad range of atomic transitions are obtained. Signals for Lorentz violation that can in principle be studied in spectroscopic experiments are identified from the theoretical corrections to the spectrum. Some of these signals include sidereal and annual variations of atomic transition frequencies measured in a laboratory on the surface of the Earth. Other possibilities include effects produced by changing the orientation of the applied magnetic field or by realizing space-based experiments. Discrepancies in the experimental values for fundamental constants and energy levels based on self-consistent predictions from the Standard Model also offer potential signals for Lorentz violation. The sensitivities of different experiments to distinct sets of coefficients for Lorentz violation are considered. Using atoms composed of different particle species allows measurements of coefficients for Lorentz violation in different fermion sectors of the SME. Experiments comparing hydrogen and antihydrogen can discriminate between coefficients for Lorentz violation that are associated with CPT-odd or CPT-even operators. Additionally, certain systems and transitions are more sensitive to nonminimal operators, while others are particularly sensitive to minimal ones.

Effects of tibial and humerus intraosseous administration of epinephrine in a cardiac arrest swine model.

PubMed

Beaumont, Ltc Denise; Baragchizadeh, Asal; Johnson, Charles; Johnson, Don

2016-01-01

Compare maximum concentration (Cmax), time to maximum concentration (Tmax), mean serum concentration of epinephrine, return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), time to ROSC, and odds of survival relative to epinephrine administration by humerus intraosseous (HIO), tibial intraosseous (TIO), and intravenous (IV) routes in a swine cardiac arrest model. Prospective, between subjects, randomized experimental design. TriService Research Facility. Yorkshire-cross swine (n = 28). Swine were anesthetized and placed into cardiac arrest. After 2 minutes, cardiopulmonary resuscitation was initiated. After an additional 2 minutes, a dose of 1 mg of epinephrine was administered by HIO, TIO, or the IV routes. Blood samples were collected over 4 minutes and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. ROSC, time to ROSC, Cmax, Tmax, mean concentrations over time, and odds ratio. There was no significant difference in rate of the ROSC among the TIO, HIO, and IV groups (p > 0.05). There were significant differences in Cmax: the HIO group was significantly higher than the TIO group (p = 0.007), but no significant difference between the IV and HIO (p = 0.33) or the IV and TIO group (p = 0.060). The Tmax was significantly shorter for both the IV and HIO versus the TIO group (p < 0.05), but no difference between IV and HIO (p = 0.328). The odds of survival were higher in the HIO group compared to all other groups. The TIO and HIO provide rapid and reliable access to administer life-saving medications during cardiac arrest.

Local unitary invariants for N-qubit pure states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sharma, S. Shelly; Sharma, N. K.

2010-11-01

The concept of negativity font, a basic unit of multipartite entanglement, is introduced. Transformation properties of determinants of negativity fonts under local unitary (LU) transformations are exploited to obtain relevant N-qubit polynomial invariants and construct entanglement monotones from first principles. It is shown that entanglement monotones that detect the entanglement of specific parts of the composite system may be constructed to distinguish between states with distinct types of entanglement. The structural difference between entanglement monotones for an odd and even number of qubits is brought out.

Study of Small Ligands Which Bind Specifically to Breast Cancer Cells

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-09-01

Sepharose conjugated to three different lectins: ConA, wheat germ and lentil,. Each lectin bound many proteins in both the ECD-AP sup and the control 3T3 sup...control Lanes 13-14: Wheat germ ECD-AP Lanes 15-16: Wheat germ 3T3 control Odd lanes were eluted with a low sugar concentration; even lanes were...ECD-AP post incubation with lentil-Sepharose Lane 6: Protein remaining in pp ECD-AP post incubation with wheat germ -Sepharose Lane 8: Protein

Choline and its metabolites are differently associated with cardiometabolic risk factors, history of cardiovascular disease, and MRI-documented cerebrovascular disease in older adults.

PubMed

Roe, Annie J; Zhang, Shucha; Bhadelia, Rafeeque A; Johnson, Elizabeth J; Lichtenstein, Alice H; Rogers, Gail T; Rosenberg, Irwin H; Smith, Caren E; Zeisel, Steven H; Scott, Tammy M

2017-06-01

Background: There is a potential role of choline in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease through its involvement in lipid and one-carbon metabolism. Objective: We evaluated the associations of plasma choline and choline-related compounds with cardiometabolic risk factors, history of cardiovascular disease, and cerebrovascular pathology. Design: A cross-sectional subset of the Nutrition, Aging, and Memory in Elders cohort who had undergone MRI of the brain ( n = 296; mean ± SD age: 73 ± 8.1 y) was assessed. Plasma concentrations of free choline, betaine, and phosphatidylcholine were measured with the use of liquid-chromatography-stable-isotope dilution-multiple-reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry. A volumetric analysis of MRI was used to determine the cerebrovascular pathology (white-matter hyperintensities and small- and large-vessel infarcts). Multiple linear and logistic regression models were used to examine relations of plasma measures with cardiometabolic risk factors, history of cardiovascular disease, and radiologic evidence of cerebrovascular pathology. Results: Higher concentrations of plasma choline were associated with an unfavorable cardiometabolic risk-factor profile [lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, higher total homocysteine, and higher body mass index (BMI)] and greater odds of large-vessel cerebral vascular disease or history of cardiovascular disease but lower odds of small-vessel cerebral vascular disease. Conversely, higher concentrations of plasma betaine were associated with a favorable cardiometabolic risk-factor profile [lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides] and lower odds of diabetes. Higher concentrations of plasma phosphatidylcholine were associated with characteristics of both a favorable cardiometabolic risk-factor profile (higher HDL cholesterol, lower BMI, lower C-reactive protein, lower waist circumference, and lower odds of hypertension and diabetes) and an unfavorable profile (higher LDL cholesterol and triglycerides). Conclusion: Choline and its metabolites have differential associations with cardiometabolic risk factors and subtypes of vascular disease, thereby suggesting differing roles in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and cerebral large-vessel disease compared with that of small-vessel disease. © 2017 American Society for Nutrition.

A truncated spherical shell model for nuclear collective excitations: Applications to the odd-mass systems, neutron-proton systems, and other topics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wu, Hua.

1989-01-01

One of the most elusive quantum system in nature is the nucleus, which is a strongly interacting many body system. In the hadronic (a la neutrons and protons) phase, the primary concern of this thesis, the nucleus' single particle excitations are intertwined with their various collective excitations. Although the underpinning of the nucleus is the spherical shell model, it is rendered powerless without a severe, but intelligent truncation of the infinite Hilbert space. The recently proposed Fermion Dynamical Symmetry Model (FDSM) is precisely such a truncation scheme and in which a symmetry-dictated truncation scheme is introduced in nuclear physics formore » the first time. In this thesis, extensions and explorations of the FDSM are made to specifically study the odd mass (where the most intricate mixing of the single particle and the collective excitations are observed) and the neutron-proton systems. In particular, the author finds that the previously successful phenomenological particle-rotor-model of the Copenhagen school can now be well understood microscopically via the FDSM. Furthermore, the well known Coriolis attenuation and variable moment of inertia effects are naturally understood from the model as well. A computer code FDUO was written by one of us to study, for the first time, the numerical implications of the FDSM. Several collective modes were found even when the system does not admit a group chain description. In addition, the code is most suitable to study the connection between level statistical behavior (a at Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble) and dynamical symmetry. It is found that there exist critical region of the interaction parameter space were the system behaves chaotically. This information is certainly crucial to understanding quantum chaotic behavior.« less

Determinants of Bed Net Use in Southeast Nigeria following Mass Distribution of LLINs: Implications for Social Behavior Change Interventions

PubMed Central

Russell, Cheryl L.; Sallau, Adamu; Emukah, Emmanuel; Graves, Patricia M.; Noland, Gregory S.; Ngondi, Jeremiah M.; Ozaki, Masayo; Nwankwo, Lawrence; Miri, Emmanuel; McFarland, Deborah A.; Richards, Frank O.; Patterson, Amy E.

2015-01-01

Millions of long-lasting insecticide treated nets (LLINs) have been distributed as part of the global malaria control strategy. LLIN ownership, however, does not necessarily guarantee use. Thus, even in the ideal setting in which universal coverage with LLINs has been achieved, maximal malaria protection will only be achieved if LLINs are used both correctly and consistently. This study investigated the factors associated with net use, independent of net ownership. Data were collected during a household survey conducted in Ebonyi State in southeastern Nigeria in November 2011 following a statewide mass LLIN distribution campaign and, in select locations, a community-based social behavior change (SBC) intervention. Logistic regression analyses, controlling for household bed net ownership, were conducted to examine the association between individual net use and various demographic, environmental, behavioral and social factors. The odds of net use increased among individuals who were exposed to tailored SBC in the context of a home visit (OR = 17.11; 95% CI 4.45–65.79) or who received greater degrees of social support from friends and family (ptrend < 0.001). Factors associated with decreased odds of net use included: increasing education level (ptrend = 0.020), increasing malaria knowledge level (ptrend = 0.022), and reporting any disadvantage of bed nets (OR = 0.39; 95% CI 0.23–0.78). The findings suggest that LLIN use is significantly influenced by social support and exposure to a malaria-related SBC home visit. The malaria community should thus further consider the importance of community outreach, interpersonal communication and social support on adoption of net use behaviors when designing future research and interventions. PMID:26430747

Association between atopic dermatitis and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in U.S. children and adults*

PubMed Central

Strom, M.A.; Fishbein, A.B.; Paller, A.S.; Silverberg, J.I.

2016-01-01

Summary Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with chronic itch, allergic disease and sleep disturbance, all of which might increase the risk of attention deficit (hyperactivity) disorder (ADD/ADHD). Previous analyses have found a consistent association between AD and ADD/ADHD, although the underlying factors contributing to such an association remain underexplored. Additionally, the relationship has been underexplored in adults. Objectives To determine if childhood and adult AD and AD severity are associated with ADD/ADHD and to delineate the factors contributing to such an association. Methods We analysed data on 354 416 children aged 2–17 years and 34 613 adults age 18+ years from 19 U.S. population-based surveys, including the National Health Interview Survey 1997–2013 and the National Survey of Children’s Health 2003/4 and 2007/8. Results In multivariate models adjusting for age, sex, sociodemographics, allergic disease and healthcare utilization, AD was associated with ADD/ADHD in both children [adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval), 1·14 (1·03–1·26)] and adults [1·61 (1·25–2·06)]. Children with both severe AD and only 0–3 nights of adequate sleep per week had much higher odds of ADD/ADHD [16·83 (7·02–40·33)] than those with 0–3 nights of adequate sleep per week [1·83 (1·47–2·26)] or mild–moderate AD alone [1·56 (1·22–1·99)]. AD was most strongly associated with severe ADHD. AD unaccompanied by other allergic disease was also associated with increased risk of ADD/ADHD in children. Among children with AD, history of anaemia, headaches and obesity were associated with even higher odds of ADD/ADHD. Asthma, insomnia and headaches increased the odds of ADHD in adults with AD, although underweight body mass index was protective. Conclusions Atopic dermatitis is associated with increased odds of ADD/ADHD in adults and children. Several factors increase the risk of ADHD in adults and children with AD. PMID:27105659

Comparison of peritumoral stromal tissue stiffness obtained by shear wave elastography between benign and malignant breast lesions.

PubMed

Park, Hye Sun; Shin, Hee Jung; Shin, Ki Chang; Cha, Joo Hee; Chae, Eun Young; Choi, Woo Jung; Kim, Hak Hee

2018-01-01

Background Aggressive breast cancers produce abnormal peritumoral stiff areas, which can differ between benign and malignant lesions and between different subtypes of breast cancer. Purpose To compare the tissue stiffness of the inner tumor, tumor border, and peritumoral stroma (PS) between benign and malignant breast masses by shear wave elastography (SWE). Material and Methods We enrolled 133 consecutive patients who underwent preoperative SWE. Using OsiriX commercial software, we generated multiple 2-mm regions of interest (ROIs) in a linear arrangement on the inner tumor, tumor border, and PS. We obtained the mean elasticity value (E mean ) of each ROI, and compared the E mean between benign and malignant tumors. Odds ratios (ORs) for prediction of malignancy were calculated. Subgroup analyses were performed among tumor subtypes. Results There were 85 malignant and 48 benign masses. The E mean of the tumor border and PS were significantly different between benign and malignant masses ( P < 0.05 for all). ORs for malignancy were 1.06, 1.08, 1.05, and 1.04 for stiffness of the tumor border, proximal PS, middle PS, and distal PS, respectively ( P < 0.05 for all). Malignant masses with a stiff rim were significantly larger than malignant masses without a stiff rim, and were more commonly associated with the luminal B and triple negative subtypes. Conclusion Stiffness of the tumor border and PS obtained by SWE were significantly different between benign and malignant masses. Malignant masses with a stiff rim were larger in size and associated with more aggressive pathologic subtypes.

Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in Relation to Overweight in Children and Adolescents

PubMed Central

Liu, Xianchen; Forbes, Erika E.; Ryan, Neal D.; Rofey, Dana; Hannon, Tamara S.; Dahl, Ronald E.

2009-01-01

Context Short sleep duration is associated with obesity, but few studies have examined the relationship between obesity and specific physiological stages of sleep. Objective To examine specific sleep stages, including rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and stages 1 through 4 of non-REM sleep, in relation to overweight in children and adolescents. Design, Setting, and Participants A total of 335 children and adolescents (55.2% male; aged 7-17 years) underwent 3 consecutive nights of standard polysomnography and weight and height assessments as part of a study on the development of internalizing disorders (depression and anxiety). Main Outcome Measures Body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) z score and weight status (normal, at risk for overweight, overweight) according to the body mass index percentile for age and sex. Results The body mass index z score was significantly related to total sleep time (β=-0.174), sleep efficiency (β=-0.027), and REM density (β=-0.256). Compared with normal-weight children, overweight children slept about 22 minutes less and had lower sleep efficiency, shorter REM sleep, lower REM activity and density, and longer latency to the first REM period. After adjustment for demographics, pubertal status, and psychiatric diagnosis, 1 hour less of total sleep was associated with approximately 2-fold increased odds of overweight (odds ratio=1.85), 1 hour less of REM sleep was associated with about 3-fold increased odds (odds ratio=2.91), and REM density and activity below the median increased the odds of overweight by 2-fold (odds ratio=2.18) and 3-fold (odds ratio=3.32), respectively. Conclusions Our results confirm previous epidemiological observations that short sleep time is associated with overweight in children and adolescents. A core aspect of the association between short sleep duration and overweight may be attributed to reduced REM sleep. Further studies are needed to investigate possible mechanisms underpinning the association between diminished REM sleep and endocrine and metabolic changes that may contribute to obesity. PMID:18678797

Effective g-factors of carriers in inverted InAs/GaSb bilayers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mu, Xiaoyang; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871; Sullivan, Gerard

2016-01-04

We perform tilt-field transport experiment on inverted InAs/GaSb, which hosts quantum spin Hall insulator. By means of coincidence method, Landau level (LL) spectra of electron and hole carriers are systematically studied at different carrier densities tuned by gate voltages. When Fermi level stays in the conduction band, we observe LL crossing and anti-crossing behaviors at odd and even filling factors, respectively, with a corresponding g-factor of 11.5. It remains nearly constant for varying filling factors and electron densities. On the contrary, for GaSb holes, only a small Zeeman splitting is observed even at large tilt angles, indicating a g-factor ofmore » less than 3.« less

Neutrino and C P -even Higgs boson masses in a nonuniversal U (1 )' extension

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mantilla, S. F.; Martinez, R.; Ochoa, F.

2017-05-01

We propose a new anomaly-free and family nonuniversal U (1 )' extension of the standard model with the addition of two scalar singlets and a new scalar doublet. The quark sector is extended by adding three exotic quark singlets, while the lepton sector includes two exotic charged lepton singlets, three right-handed neutrinos, and three sterile Majorana leptons to obtain the fermionic mass spectrum of the standard model. The lepton sector also reproduces the elements of the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (PMNS) matrix and the squared-mass differences data from neutrino oscillation experiments. Also, analytical relations of the PMNS matrix are derived via the inverse seesaw mechanism, and numerical predictions of the parameters in both normal and inverse order scheme for the mass of the phenomenological neutrinos are obtained. We employed a simple seesawlike method to obtain analytical mass eigenstates of the C P -even 3 ×3 mass matrix of the scalar sector.

The Work Organization of Long-Haul Truck Drivers and the Association With Body Mass Index.

PubMed

Hege, Adam; Apostolopoulos, Yorghos; Perko, Mike; Sönmez, Sevil; Strack, Robert

2016-07-01

The aim of this study was to examine relationships between work organization features of work hours, work schedules, and job stress with body mass indexes (BMIs) of long-haul truck drivers. Face-to-face survey data were collected first, followed by collection of anthropometric measures including height and weight (n = 260). Logistic regression (backward stepwise model) was used to identify significant predictors of BMI and to analyze odds ratios. Mean BMI was 33.40 kg/m, with 64.2% obese (BMI > 30 kg/m) and 18.4% extreme/morbidly obese (BMI > 40 kg/m). Working more than 11 daily hours was associated with statistically significant increased odds for being extreme obese. Findings suggest that longer work hours (>11 hours daily) have a major influence on odds for obesity among this population. The results align with recent NIOSH calls for integrated approaches to worker health.

Nutritional Status Based on Body Mass Index Is Associated With Morbidity and Mortality in Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Children in the PICU.

PubMed

Bechard, Lori J; Duggan, Christopher; Touger-Decker, Riva; Parrott, J Scott; Rothpletz-Puglia, Pamela; Byham-Gray, Laura; Heyland, Daren; Mehta, Nilesh M

2016-08-01

To determine the influence of admission anthropometry on clinical outcomes in mechanically ventilated children in the PICU. Data from two multicenter cohort studies were compiled to examine the unique contribution of nutritional status, defined by body mass index z score, to 60-day mortality, hospital-acquired infections, length of hospital stay, and ventilator-free days, using multivariate analysis. Ninety PICUs from 16 countries with eight or more beds. Children aged 1 month to 18 years, admitted to each participating PICU and requiring mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours. Data from 1,622 eligible patients, 54.8% men and mean (SD) age 4.5 years (5.1), were analyzed. Subjects were classified as underweight (17.9%), normal weight (54.2%), overweight (14.5%), and obese (13.4%) based on body mass index z score at admission. After adjusting for severity of illness and site, the odds of 60-day mortality were higher in underweight (odds ratio, 1.53; p < 0.001) children. The odds of hospital-acquired infections were higher in underweight (odds ratio, 1.88; p = 0.008) and obese (odds ratio, 1.64; p < 0.001) children. Hazard ratios for hospital discharge were lower among underweight (hazard ratio, 0.71; p < 0.001) and obese (hazard ratio, 0.82; p = 0.04) children. Underweight was associated with 1.3 (p = 0.001) and 1.6 (p < 0.001) fewer ventilator-free days than normal weight and overweight, respectively. Malnutrition is prevalent in mechanically ventilated children on admission to PICUs worldwide. Classification as underweight or obese was associated with higher risk of hospital-acquired infections and lower likelihood of hospital discharge. Underweight children had a higher risk of mortality and fewer ventilator-free days.

Energy analysis and break-even distance for transportation for biofuels in comparison to fossil fuels

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

In the present analysis various forms fuel from biomass and fossil sources, their mass and energy densities, and their break-even transportation distances to transport them effectively were analyzed. This study gives an insight on how many times more energy spent on transporting the fuels to differe...

The Bright Side and Dark Side of Workplace Social Capital: Opposing Effects of Gender on Overweight among Japanese Employees

PubMed Central

Kobayashi, Tomoko; Suzuki, Etsuji; Oksanen, Tuula; Kawachi, Ichiro; Takao, Soshi

2014-01-01

Background A growing number of studies have sought to examine the health associations of workplace social capital; however, evidence of associations with overweight is sparse. We examined the association between individual perceptions of workplace social capital and overweight among Japanese male and female employees. Methodology/Principal Findings We conducted a cross-sectional survey among full-time employees at a company in Osaka prefecture in February 2012. We used an 8-item measure to assess overall and sub-dimensions of workplace social capital, divided into tertiles. Of 1050 employees, 849 responded, and 750 (624 men and 126 women) could be linked to annual health check-up data in the analysis. Binomial logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for overweight (body mass index: ≥25 kg/m2, calculated from measured weight and height) separately for men and women. The prevalence of overweight was 24.5% among men and 14.3% among women. Among men, low levels of bonding and linking social capital in the workplace were associated with a nearly 2-fold risk of overweight compared to high corresponding dimensions of social capital when adjusted for age, sleep hours, physiological distress, and lifestyle. In contrast, among women we found lower overall and linking social capital to be associated with lower odds for overweight even after covariate adjustment. Subsequently, we used multinomial logistic regression analyses to assess the relationships between a 1 standard deviation (SD) decrease in mean social capital and odds of underweight/overweight relative to normal weight. Among men, a 1-SD decrease in overall, bonding, and linking social capital was significantly associated with higher odds of overweight, but not with underweight. Among women, no significant associations were found for either overweight or underweight. Conclusions/Significance We found opposite gender relationships between perceived low linking workplace social capital and overweight among Japanese employees. PMID:24498248

The bright side and dark side of workplace social capital: opposing effects of gender on overweight among Japanese employees.

PubMed

Kobayashi, Tomoko; Suzuki, Etsuji; Oksanen, Tuula; Kawachi, Ichiro; Takao, Soshi

2014-01-01

A growing number of studies have sought to examine the health associations of workplace social capital; however, evidence of associations with overweight is sparse. We examined the association between individual perceptions of workplace social capital and overweight among Japanese male and female employees. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among full-time employees at a company in Osaka prefecture in February 2012. We used an 8-item measure to assess overall and sub-dimensions of workplace social capital, divided into tertiles. Of 1050 employees, 849 responded, and 750 (624 men and 126 women) could be linked to annual health check-up data in the analysis. Binomial logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for overweight (body mass index: ≥ 25 kg/m(2), calculated from measured weight and height) separately for men and women. The prevalence of overweight was 24.5% among men and 14.3% among women. Among men, low levels of bonding and linking social capital in the workplace were associated with a nearly 2-fold risk of overweight compared to high corresponding dimensions of social capital when adjusted for age, sleep hours, physiological distress, and lifestyle. In contrast, among women we found lower overall and linking social capital to be associated with lower odds for overweight even after covariate adjustment. Subsequently, we used multinomial logistic regression analyses to assess the relationships between a 1 standard deviation (SD) decrease in mean social capital and odds of underweight/overweight relative to normal weight. Among men, a 1-SD decrease in overall, bonding, and linking social capital was significantly associated with higher odds of overweight, but not with underweight. Among women, no significant associations were found for either overweight or underweight. We found opposite gender relationships between perceived low linking workplace social capital and overweight among Japanese employees.

Extended nonlinear Schrödinger equation with higher-order odd and even terms and its rogue wave solutions.

PubMed

Ankiewicz, Adrian; Wang, Yan; Wabnitz, Stefan; Akhmediev, Nail

2014-01-01

We consider an extended nonlinear Schrödinger equation with higher-order odd (third order) and even (fourth order) terms with variable coefficients. The resulting equation has soliton solutions and approximate rogue wave solutions. We present these solutions up to second order. Moreover, specific constraints on the parameters of higher-order terms provide integrability of the resulting equation, providing a corresponding Lax pair. Particular cases of this equation are the Hirota and the Lakshmanan-Porsezian-Daniel equations. The resulting integrable equation admits exact rogue wave solutions. In particular cases, mentioned above, these solutions are reduced to the rogue wave solutions of the corresponding equations.

Soliton, rational, and periodic solutions for the infinite hierarchy of defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equations.

PubMed

Ankiewicz, Adrian

2016-07-01

Analysis of short-pulse propagation in positive dispersion media, e.g., in optical fibers and in shallow water, requires assorted high-order derivative terms. We present an infinite-order "dark" hierarchy of equations, starting from the basic defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation. We present generalized soliton solutions, plane-wave solutions, and periodic solutions of all orders. We find that "even"-order equations in the set affect phase and "stretching factors" in the solutions, while "odd"-order equations affect the velocities. Hence odd-order equation solutions can be real functions, while even-order equation solutions are complex. There are various applications in optics and water waves.

The predictive accuracy of analytical formulas and semiclassical approaches for α decay half-lives of superheavy nuclei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, T. L.; Bao, X. J.; Guo, S. Q.

2018-02-01

Systematic calculations on the α decay half-lives are performed by using three analytical formulas and two semiclassical approaches. For the three analytical formulas, the experimental α decay half-lives and {Q}α values of the 66 reference nuclei have been used to obtain the coefficients. We get only four adjustable parameters to describe α decay half-lives for even-even, odd-A, and odd-odd nuclei. By comparison between the calculated values from ten analytical formulas and experimental data, it is shown that the new universal decay law (NUDL) foumula is the most accurate one to reproduce the experimental α decay half-lives of the superheavy nuclei (SHN). Meanwhile it is found that the experimental α decay half-lives of SHN are well reproduced by the Royer formula although many parameters are contained. The results show that the NUDL formula and the generalized liquid drop model (GLDM2) with consideration of the preformation factor can give fairly equivalent results for the superheavy nuclei.

Bi-cubic interpolation for shift-free pan-sharpening

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aiazzi, Bruno; Baronti, Stefano; Selva, Massimo; Alparone, Luciano

2013-12-01

Most of pan-sharpening techniques require the re-sampling of the multi-spectral (MS) image for matching the size of the panchromatic (Pan) image, before the geometric details of Pan are injected into the MS image. This operation is usually performed in a separable fashion by means of symmetric digital low-pass filtering kernels with odd lengths that utilize piecewise local polynomials, typically implementing linear or cubic interpolation functions. Conversely, constant, i.e. nearest-neighbour, and quadratic kernels, implementing zero and two degree polynomials, respectively, introduce shifts in the magnified images, that are sub-pixel in the case of interpolation by an even factor, as it is the most usual case. However, in standard satellite systems, the point spread functions (PSF) of the MS and Pan instruments are centered in the middle of each pixel. Hence, commercial MS and Pan data products, whose scale ratio is an even number, are relatively shifted by an odd number of half pixels. Filters of even lengths may be exploited to compensate the half-pixel shifts between the MS and Pan sampling grids. In this paper, it is shown that separable polynomial interpolations of odd degrees are feasible with linear-phase kernels of even lengths. The major benefit is that bi-cubic interpolation, which is known to represent the best trade-off between performances and computational complexity, can be applied to commercial MS + Pan datasets, without the need of performing a further half-pixel registration after interpolation, to align the expanded MS with the Pan image.

Energy exchange dynamics of the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation lattice and intrinsic formation of strongly localized states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hennig, D.

1997-09-01

We study the dynamics of excitation energy transfer along a lattice chain modeled by the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger (DNLS) equation. We prove that a segment carrying resonant motion can be decoupled from the remainder of the chain supporting quasiperiodic dynamics. The resonant segment from the extended chain is taken to be a four-site element, viz., a tetramer. First, we focus interest on the energy exchange dynamics along the tetramer viewed as two weakly coupled DNLS dimers. Hamiltonian methods are used to investigate the phase-space dynamics. We pay special attention to the role of the diffusion of the action variables inside resonance layers for the energy migration. When distributing the energy initially equally between the two dimers one observes a directed irreversible flow of energy from one dimer into the other assisted by action diffusion. Eventually on one dimer a stable self-trapped excitation of large amplitude forms at a single site while the other dimer exhibits equal energy partition over its two sites. Finally, we study the formation of localized structure on an extended DNLS lattice chain. In particular we explore the stability of the so-called even-parity and odd-parity localized modes, respectively, and explain their different stability properties by means of phase-space dynamics. The global instability of the even-parity mode is shown. For the excited even-parity mode a symmetry-breaking perturbation of the pattern leads to an intrinsic collapse of the even-parity mode to the odd-parity one. The latter remains stable with respect to symmetry-breaking perturbations. In this way we demonstrate that the favored stable localized states for the DNLS lattice chain correspond to one-site localized excitations.

Sarcopenia is related to increased risk for low bone mineral density.

PubMed

Wu, Chia-Hung; Yang, Kun-Cheh; Chang, Hao-Hsiang; Yen, Jo-Fang; Tsai, Ko-Sung; Huang, Kuo-Chin

2013-01-01

Lean body mass is positively correlated with bone mineral density (BMD). The association between sarcopenia and BMD is less studied. The aim of the study is to investigate the association between sarcopenia and abnormal BMD. A total of 600 community residents aged 40-85 years (mean=63.63 ± 10.12) from Taipei, Taiwan were included. Abnormal and normal BMD groups were categorized by T-score of femoral neck and lumbar spine (L2-L4) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Skeletal muscle mass (SM) index (SMI) was obtained from SM divided by height squared using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method. Sarcopenia was defined as SMI less than 8.87 kg/m² in men and 6.42 kg/m² in women according to previous Taiwanese sarcopenia study. The association between BMD groups and sarcopenia was examined using binary logistic regression analyses after controlling potential confounders. Subjects with sarcopenia were at higher risk for low BMD (odds ratio (OR) = 1.59, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.06-2.39 for femoral neck BMD and OR=1.72, 95% CI=1.09-2.72 for lumbar BMD) compared with the nonsarcopenia group. Even in different gender groups with age categorized, sarcopenia was still an important independent factor in female group. The least square (LS) means of BMD of femoral neck and lumbar spine were significantly lower in sarcopenia group. The risk of low BMD increased significantly with sarcopenia. Copyright © 2013 The International Society for Clinical Densitometry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Dynamic secondary ion mass spectroscopy of Au nanoparticles on Si wafer using Bi3+ as primary ion coupled with surface etching by Ar cluster ion beam: The effect of etching conditions on surface structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, Eun Ji; Choi, Chang Min; Kim, Il Hee; Kim, Jung-Hwan; Lee, Gaehang; Jin, Jong Sung; Ganteför, Gerd; Kim, Young Dok; Choi, Myoung Choul

2018-01-01

Wet-chemically synthesized Au nanoparticles were deposited on Si wafer surfaces, and the secondary ions mass spectra (SIMS) from these samples were collected using Bi3+ with an energy of 30 keV as the primary ions. In the SIMS, Au cluster cations with a well-known, even-odd alteration pattern in the signal intensity were observed. We also performed depth profile SIMS analyses, i.e., etching the surface using an Ar gas cluster ion beam (GCIB), and a subsequent Bi3+ SIMS analysis was repetitively performed. Here, two different etching conditions (Ar1600 clusters of 10 keV energy or Ar1000 of 2.5 keV denoted as "harsh" or "soft" etching conditions, respectively) were used. Etching under harsh conditions induced emission of the Au-Si binary cluster cations in the SIMS spectra of the Bi3+ primary ions. The formation of binary cluster cations can be induced by either fragmentation of Au nanoparticles or alloying of Au and Si, increasing Au-Si coordination on the sample surface during harsh GCIB etching. Alternatively, use of the soft GCIB etching conditions resulted in exclusive emission of pure Au cluster cations with nearly no Au-Si cluster cation formation. Depth profile analyses of the Bi3+ SIMS combined with soft GCIB etching can be useful for studying the chemical environments of atoms at the surface without altering the original interface structure during etching.

Steep Decrease of Gender Difference in DSM-IV Alcohol Use Disorder: A Comparison of Two Nation-wide Surveys Conducted 10 Years Apart in Korea

PubMed Central

Seong, Su Jeong; Hong, Jin Pyo; Hahm, Bong-Jin; Jeon, Hong Jin; Sohn, Jee Hoon; Lee, Jun Young

2015-01-01

While decreasing trend in gender differences in alcohol use disorders was reported in Western countries, the change in Asian countries is unknown. This study aims to explore the shifts in gender difference in alcohol abuse (AA) and dependence (AD) in Korea. We compared the data from two nation-wide community surveys to evaluate gender differences in lifetime AA and AD by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Face-to-face interviews using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) were applied to all subjects in 2001 (n=6,220) and 2011 (n=6,022). Male-to-female ratio of odds was decreased from 6.41 (95% CI, 4.81-8.54) to 4.37 (95% CI, 3.35-5.71) for AA and from 3.75 (95% CI, 2.96-4.75) to 2.40 (95% CI, 1.80-3.19) for AD. Among those aged 18-29, gender gap even became statistically insignificant for AA (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 0.97-2.63) and AD (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.80-2.41) in 2011. Men generally showed decreased odds for AD (0.55; 95% CI, 0.45-0.67) and women aged 30-39 showed increased odds for AA (2.13; 95% CI 1.18-3.84) in 2011 compared to 2001. Decreased AD in men and increased AA in women seem to contribute to the decrease of gender gap. Increased risk for AA in young women suggests needs for interventions. PMID:26539014

Systematics of α-decay fine structure in odd-mass nuclei based on a finite-range nucleon-nucleon interaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adel, A.; Alharbi, T.

2018-07-01

A systematic study on α-decay fine structure is presented for odd-mass nuclei in the range 83 ≤ Z ≤ 92. The α-decay partial half-lives and branching ratios to the ground and excited states of daughter nuclei are calculated in the framework of the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) approximation with the implementation of the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization condition. The microscopic α-daughter potential is obtained using the double-folding model with a realistic M3Y-Paris nucleon-nucleon (NN) interaction. The exchange potential, which accounts for the knock-on exchange of nucleons between the interacting nuclei, is calculated using the finite-range exchange NN interaction which is essentially a much better approximation as compared to the zero-range pseudo-potential adopted in the usual double-folding calculations. Our calculations of α-decay fine structure have been improved by considering the preformation factor extracted from the recently proposed cluster formation model on basis of the binding energy difference. The computed partial half-lives and branching ratios are compared with the recent experimental data and they are in good agreement.

Simple rules describe bottom-up and top-down control in food webs with alternative energy pathways.

PubMed

Wollrab, Sabine; Diehl, Sebastian; De Roos, André M

2012-09-01

Many human influences on the world's ecosystems have their largest direct impacts at either the top or the bottom of the food web. To predict their ecosystem-wide consequences we must understand how these impacts propagate. A long-standing, but so far elusive, problem in this endeavour is how to reduce food web complexity to a mathematically tractable, but empirically relevant system. Simplification to main energy channels linking primary producers to top consumers has been recently advocated. Following this approach, we propose a general framework for the analysis of bottom-up and top-down forcing of ecosystems by reducing food webs to two energy pathways originating from a limiting resource shared by competing guilds of primary producers (e.g. edible vs. defended plants). Exploring dynamical models of such webs we find that their equilibrium responses to nutrient enrichment and top consumer harvesting are determined by only two easily measurable topological properties: the lengths of the component food chains (odd-odd, odd-even, or even-even) and presence vs. absence of a generalist top consumer reconnecting the two pathways (yielding looped vs. branched webs). Many results generalise to other looped or branched web structures and the model can be easily adapted to include a detrital pathway. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd/CNRS.

Propagation of Ince-Gaussian beams in uniaxial crystals orthogonal to the optical axis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Y. Q.; Zhou, G. Q.

2012-03-01

An analytical propagation expression of an Ince-Gaussian beam in uniaxial crystals orthogonal to the optical axis is derived. The uniaxial crystal considered here has the property of the extraordinary refractive index being larger than the ordinary refractive index. The Ince-Gaussian beam in the transversal direction along the optical axis spreads more rapidly than that in the other transversal direction. With increasing the ratio of the extraordinary refractive index to the ordinary refractive index, the spreading of the Ince-Gaussian beam in the transversal direction along the optical axis increases and the spreading of the Ince-Gaussian beam in the other transversal direction decreases. The effective beam size in the transversal direction along the optical axis is always larger than that in the other transversal direction. When the even and odd modes of Ince-Gaussian beams exist simultaneously, the effective beam size in the direction along the optical axis of the odd Ince-Gaussian beam is smaller than that of the even Ince-Gaussian beam in the corresponding direction, and the effective beam size in the transversal direction orthogonal to the optical axis of the odd Ince-Gaussian beam is larger than that of the even Ince-Gaussian beam in the corresponding direction.

Reduced circuit implementation of encoder and syndrome generator

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Trager, Barry M; Winograd, Shmuel

An error correction method and system includes an Encoder and Syndrome-generator that operate in parallel to reduce the amount of circuitry used to compute check symbols and syndromes for error correcting codes. The system and method computes the contributions to the syndromes and check symbols 1 bit at a time instead of 1 symbol at a time. As a result, the even syndromes can be computed as powers of the odd syndromes. Further, the system assigns symbol addresses so that there are, for an example GF(2.sup.8) which has 72 symbols, three (3) blocks of addresses which differ by a cubemore » root of unity to allow the data symbols to be combined for reducing size and complexity of odd syndrome circuits. Further, the implementation circuit for generating check symbols is derived from syndrome circuit using the inverse of the part of the syndrome matrix for check locations.« less

Occupational Exposure to Pesticides With Occupational Sun Exposure Increases the Risk for Cutaneous Melanoma.

PubMed

Fortes, Cristina; Mastroeni, Simona; Segatto M, Marjorie; Hohmann, Clarissa; Miligi, Lucia; Bakos, Lucio; Bonamigo, Renan

2016-04-01

The objective of the study was to examine the association between occupational exposure to pesticides and cutaneous melanoma, controlling for all possible confounders. A pooled analysis of two case-control studies was conducted in two different geographic areas (Italy and Brazil). Detailed pesticides exposure histories were obtained. Ever use of any pesticide was associated with a high risk of cutaneous melanoma (odds ratio 2.58; 95% confidence interval 1.18-5.65) in particular exposure to herbicides (glyphosate) and fungicides (mancozeb, maneb), after controlling for confounding factors. When subjects were exposed to both pesticides and occupational sun exposure, the risk increased even more (odds ratio 4.68; 95% confidence interval 1.29-17.0). The study suggests an augmented risk of cutaneous melanoma among subjects with exposure to pesticides, in particular among those exposed to occupational sun exposure.

Analysis of large oxygenated and nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons formed under simulated diesel engine exhaust conditions (by compound fingerprints with SPE/LC-API-MS)

PubMed Central

Adelhelm, Christoph; Niessner, Reinhard; Pöschl, Ulrich

2008-01-01

The analysis of organic compounds in combustion exhaust particles and the chemical transformation of soot by nitrogen oxides are key aspects of assessment and mitigation of the climate and health effects of aerosol emissions from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning. In this study we present experimental and analytical techniques for efficient investigation of oxygenated and nitrated derivatives of large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which can be regarded as well-defined soot model substances. For coronene and hexabenzocoronene exposed to nitrogen dioxide under simulated diesel exhaust conditions, several reaction products with high molecular mass could be characterized by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical (and photo) ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-APCI-MS and LC-APPI-MS). The main products of coronene contained odd numbers of nitrogen atoms (m/z 282, 256, 338), whereas one of the main products of hexabenzocoronene exhibited an even number of nitrogen atoms (m/z 391). Various reaction products containing carbonyl and nitro groups could be tentatively identified by combining chromatographic and mass spectrometric information, and changes of their relative abundance were observed to depend on the reaction conditions. This analytical strategy should highlight a relatively young technique for the characterization of various soot-contained, semi-volatile, and semi-polar reaction products of large PAHs. Figure LC-APCI-MS analysis of nitrated coronene (and HBC): Total-Ion-Chromatogram (TIC), Extracted Ion Chromatograms (EICs) and corresponding mass spectrum (top). PMID:18560812

Global constraints on Z2 fluxes in two different anisotropic limits of a hypernonagon Kitaev model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kato, Yasuyuki; Kamiya, Yoshitomo; Nasu, Joji; Motome, Yukitoshi

2018-05-01

The Kitaev model is an exactly-soluble quantum spin model, whose ground state provides a canonical example of a quantum spin liquid. Spin excitations from the ground state are fractionalized into emergent matter fermions and Z2 fluxes. The Z2 flux excitation is pointlike in two dimensions, while it comprises a closed loop in three dimensions because of the local constraint for each closed volume. In addition, the fluxes obey global constraints involving (semi)macroscopic number of fluxes. We here investigate such global constraints in the Kitaev model on a three-dimensional lattice composed of nine-site elementary loops, dubbed the hypernonagon lattice, whose ground state is a chiral spin liquid. We consider two different anisotropic limits of the hypernonagon Kitaev model where the low-energy effective models are described solely by the Z2 fluxes. We show that there are two kinds of global constraints in the model defined on a three-dimensional torus, namely, surface and volume constraints: the surface constraint is imposed on the even-odd parity of the total number of fluxes threading a two-dimensional slice of the system, while the volume constraint is for the even-odd parity of the number of the fluxes through specific plaquettes whose total number is proportional to the system volume. In the two anisotropic limits, therefore, the elementary excitation of Z2 fluxes occurs in a pair of closed loops so as to satisfy both two global constraints as well as the local constraints.

Phase transitions and magnetization of the mixed-spin Ising–Heisenberg double sawtooth frustrated ladder

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arian Zad, Hamid; Ananikian, Nerses

2018-04-01

The mixed spin-(1,1/2) Ising–Heisenberg double sawtooth ladder containing a mixture of both spin-1 and spin-1/2 nodal atoms, and the spin-1/2 interstitial dimers are approximately solved by the transfer-matrix method. Here, we study in detail the ground-state phase diagrams, also influences of the bilinear exchange coupling on the rungs and cyclic four-spin exchange interaction in square plaquette of each block on the magnetization and magnetic susceptibility of the suggested ladder at low temperature. Such a double sawtooth ladder may be found in a Shastry-Sutherland lattice-type. In spite of the spin ordering of odd and even blocks being different from each other, due to the commutation relation between all different block Hamiltonians, phase diagrams, magnetization behavior and thermodynamic properties of the model are the same for odd and even blocks. We show that at low temperature, both exchange couplings can change the quality and quantity of the magnetization plateaus versus the magnetic field changes. Specially, we find a new magnetization plateau M/Ms= 5/6 for this model. Besides, we examine the magnetic susceptibility and specific heat of the model in detail. It is proven that behaviors of the magnetization and the magnetic susceptibility coincide at low temperature. The specific heat displays diverse temperature dependencies, which include a Schottky-type peak at a special temperature interval. We observe that with increase of the bilinear exchange coupling on the rungs, second peak temperature dependence grows.

Values in First-Episode Schizophrenia.

PubMed

Agid, Ofer; Mcdonald, Krysta; Fervaha, Gagan; Littrell, Romie; Thoma, Jessica; Zipursky, Robert B; Foussias, George; Remington, Gary

2015-11-01

Functional impairment continues to represent a major challenge in schizophrenia. Surprisingly, patients with schizophrenia report a level of happiness comparable with control subjects, even in the face of the prominent functional deficits, a finding at odds with evidence indicating a positive relation between happiness and level of functioning. In attempting to reconcile these findings, we chose to examine the issue of values, defined as affectively infused criteria or motivational goals used to select and justify actions, people, and the self, as values are related to both happiness and functioning. Fifty-six first-episode patients in remission and 56 healthy control subjects completed happiness and values measures. Statistical analyses included correlations, analysis of variance, structural equation modelling, and smallest space analysis. Results indicated that patients with schizophrenia placed significantly greater priority on the value dimensions of Tradition (P = 0.02) and Power (P = 0.03), and significantly less priority on Self-direction (P = 0.007) and Stimulation, (P = 0.008). Essentially, people with schizophrenia place more emphasis on the customs and ideas that traditional culture or religion provide in conjunction with a decreased interest in change, which is at odds with the expectations of early adulthood. This value difference could be related to functional deficits. To this point, we have assumed that people hold to the same values that guided them before the illness' onset, but this may not be the case. Our study indicates that values differ in people with schizophrenia, compared with control subjects, even early in the illness and in the face of symptomatic remission.

Structural analysis of commercial ceramides by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Bleton, J; Gaudin, K; Chaminade, P; Goursaud, S; Baillet, A; Tchapla, A

2001-05-11

A simple method using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was applied to analyse structures of ceramides. Identification of trimethylsilylated ceramides were obtained in short analysis times (derivatization of ceramides in 30 min at room temperature and 20 min gas chromatography mass spectrometry run) even for complex mixtures. For example in ceramide Type III, 18 peaks were observed which represent 27 various structures. The coeluted compounds were ceramides containing the same functional groups and the same carbon number but with a different distribution on the two alkyl chains of the molecule. They were accurately differentiated by mass spectrometry. Therefore, 83 structures of trimethylsilylated ceramides were identified in 11 different commercial mixtures. For 52 structures of these, mass spectral data were not described in the literature, neither full mass spectra nor characteristic fragments.

Early-onset Conduct Problems: Predictions from daring temperament and risk taking behavior.

PubMed

Bai, Sunhye; Lee, Steve S

2017-12-01

Given its considerable public health significance, identifying predictors of early expressions of conduct problems is a priority. We examined the predictive validity of daring, a key dimension of temperament, and the Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART), a laboratory-based measure of risk taking behavior, with respect to two-year change in parent, teacher-, and youth self-reported oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), and antisocial behavior. At baseline, 150 ethnically diverse 6- to 10-year old (M=7.8, SD=1.1; 69.3% male) youth with ( n =82) and without ( n =68) DSM-IV ADHD completed the BART whereas parents rated youth temperament (i.e., daring); parents and teachers also independently rated youth ODD and CD symptoms. Approximately 2 years later, multi-informant ratings of youth ODD, CD, and antisocial behavior were gathered from rating scales and interviews. Whereas risk taking on the BART was unrelated to conduct problems, individual differences in daring prospectively predicted multi-informant rated conduct problems, independent of baseline risk taking, conduct problems, and ADHD diagnostic status. Early differences in the propensity to show positive socio-emotional responses to risky or novel experiences uniquely predicted escalating conduct problems in childhood, even with control of other potent clinical correlates. We consider the role of temperament in the origins and development of significant conduct problems from childhood to adolescence, including possible explanatory mechanisms underlying these predictions.

Changes in Body Composition According to Age and Sex among Young Non-Diabetic Korean Adults: The Kangbuk Samsung Health Study.

PubMed

Kim, Seul Ki; Kwon, Yu Hyun; Cho, Jung Hwan; Lee, Da Young; Park, Se Eun; Oh, Hyung Geun; Park, Cheol Young; Lee, Won Young; Oh, Ki Won; Park, Sung Woo; Rhee, Eun Jung

2017-12-01

Age-related decreases in lean mass represent a serious health problem. We aimed to analyze the risks of rapid decreases in lean mass by age and sex in relatively young Korean adults during a 4-year follow-up study. A total of 65,856 non-diabetic participants (59.5% men, mean age 39.1 years) in a health screening program were subjected to bioimpedance body composition analyses and metabolic parameter analyses at baseline and after 4 years. The participants were sub-divided according to age, and additionally to six groups by age and the degree of body weight change over the 4-year period. The actual changes in body weight, lean mass, and fat mass and the percent changes over the 4-year period were assessed. The percent change in lean mass decreased and the percent change of fat mass increased with increasing age in every age and sex group. However, the annual percent decrease in lean mass and percent increase in fat mass were significantly higher among women than among men (-0.26% vs. -0.15% and 0.34% vs. 0.42%, respectively; P<0.01). Participants who were older than 50 years and had a weight loss <-5% during the 4 years had significantly greater decreases in lean mass and smaller decreases in fat mass, compared to those who were younger than 50 years. An odds ratio analysis to determine the lowest quartile of the percent change in lean mass according to age group revealed that participants older than 60 years had a significantly increased risk of a rapid decrease in the lean mass percentage (2.081; 95% confidence interval, 1.678 to 2.581). Even in this relatively young study population, the lean mass decreased significantly with age, and the risk of a rapid decrease in lean mass was higher among women than among men. Furthermore, the elderly exhibited a significantly more rapid decrease in lean mass, compared with younger participants. Copyright © 2017 Korean Endocrine Society

Narcissism and Callous-Unemotional Traits Prospectively Predict Child Conduct Problems.

PubMed

Jezior, Kristen L; McKenzie, Meghan E; Lee, Steve S

2016-01-01

Although narcissism and callous-unemotional (CU) traits are separable facets of psychopathy, their independent prediction of conduct problems (CP) among young children is not well known. In addition, above-average IQ was central to the original conceptualization of psychopathy, yet IQ is typically inversely associated with youth CP. We examined narcissism and CU traits as independent and prospective predictors of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), and youth self-reported antisocial behavior, as well as their moderation by IQ. At baseline, parents and teachers separately rated narcissism and CU traits in 188 6-to-10-year-old children (47.9% non-White; 69.1% male; M = 7.34 years, SD = 1.09) with (n = 99) and without (n = 89) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Approximately 2 years later, parents and teachers separately rated youth ODD and CD symptoms, and youth self-reported antisocial behavior. With control of baseline ADHD and ODD/CD symptoms, narcissism and CU traits independently and positively predicted ODD and CD symptoms at follow-up. IQ did not moderate any CP predictions from baseline narcissism or CU traits. These preliminary findings suggest that individual differences in narcissism and CU traits, even relatively early in development, are uniquely associated with emergent CP. Findings are considered within a developmental framework and the multiple pathways underlying the heterogeneity of CP are discussed.

Odd-even chain packing, molecular and thermal models for some long chain sodium(I) n-alkanoates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nelson, Peter N.; Ellis, Henry A.

2014-10-01

A homologous series of sodium(I) n-alkanoates, NaCnH2n-1O2, with chain lengths n = 8-18, inclusive, have been synthesized and their structural and thermal properties investigated via Fourier Transform Infrared and Solid State 13C NMR spectroscopies, X-ray powder diffraction, Thermogravimetry, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Polarizing light microscopy and variable temperature Infrared spectroscopy. The measurements show that metal-carboxylate coordination is via asymmetric chelating bidentate bonding with extensive carboxyl group inter-molecular interactions in which four oxygen atoms are bonded tetrahedrally to a sodium atom. Furthermore, the compounds crystallize in a monoclinic crystal system with the hydrocarbon chains in the fully extended all-trans conformation, advancing along the c-axis. Moreover, the chains are packed as tilted (θ ∼ 63°), non-overlapping, tail-to-tail lamellar bilayers that are not in the same plane, within a lamellar. Though these compounds are nearly isostructural, there are subtle differences in the packing of the hydrocarbon chains in the crystal lattice, resulting in odd-even alternation in the terminal methyl group asymmetric stretching vibration and chemical shift. These differences arise from the relative vertical distances between hydrocarbon planes within the lamellar; such that, for odd-chain compounds, larger inter-planar distances result in less efficient packing in the crystal lattice and hence, lower inter-planar van der Waals interactions between hydrocarbon chains. Thermal traces, for all compounds, show several partially reversible solid-solid pre-melting transitions associated with different degrees of gauche conformers in the alkyl chains. The reversible gauche-trans isomerism, of the methylene groups, is kinetically controlled; hence, super-cooling of the melt and other transitions, are observed for all compounds. The kinetics of chain reversion follow the exponential law of nucleation, though complicated by competing processes. Thermogravimetric data show that all compounds decompose at temperatures in excess of 690 K; therefore, free radical thermal cracking of the hydrocarbon chains, in conjunction with decarboxylation is proposed for their non-oxidative degradation mechanism.

Magneto-optical far-infrared absorption spectroscopy of the hole states of indium phosphide

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lewis, R. A.; Wang, Y.-J.

2005-03-01

Far-infrared absorption spectroscopy in magnetic fields of up to 30 T of the zinc acceptor impurity in indium phosphide has revealed for the first time a series of free-hole transitions (Landau-related series) in addition to the familiar bound-hole transitions (Lyman series) as well as hitherto unobserved phonon replicas of both series. Analysis of these data permits the simultaneous direct experimental determination of (i) the hole effective mass, (ii) the species-specific binding energy of the acceptor impurity, (iii) the absolute energy levels of the acceptor excited states of both odd and even parity, (iv) more reliable, and in some cases the only, g factors for acceptor states, through relaxation of the selection rules for phonon replicas, and (v) the LO phonon energy. The method is applicable to other semiconductors and may lead to the reappraisal of their physical parameters.

On-line separation and characterization of hyaluronan oligosaccharides derived from radical depolymerization

PubMed Central

Zhao, Xue; Yang, Bo; Li, Lingyun; Zhang, Fuming; Linhardt, Robert J.

2013-01-01

Hydroxyl radicals are widely implicated in the oxidation of carbohydrates in biological and industrial processes and are often responsible for their structural modification resulting in functional damage. In this study, the radical depolymerization of the polysaccharide hyaluronan was studied in a reaction with hydroxyl radicals generated by Fenton Chemistry. A simple method for isolation and identification of the resulting non-sulfated oligosaccharide products of oxidative depolymerization was established. Hyaluronan oligosaccharides were analyzed using ion-pairing reversed phase high performance liquid chromotography coupled with tandem electrospray mass spectrometry. The sequence of saturated hyaluronan oligosaccharides having even- and odd-numbers of saccharide units, afforded through oxidative depolymerization, were identified. This study represents a simple, effective ‘fingerprinting’ protocol for detecting the damage done to hyaluronan by oxidative radicals. This study should help reveal the potential biological outcome of reactive-oxygen radical-mediated depolymerization of hyaluronan. PMID:23768593

Correlations between emission timescale of fragments and isospin dynamics in 124Sn+64Ni and 112Sn+58Ni reactions at 35A MeV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

De Filippo, E.; Pagano, A.; Russotto, P.; Amorini, F.; Anzalone, A.; Auditore, L.; Baran, V.; Berceanu, I.; Borderie, B.; Bougault, R.; Bruno, M.; Cap, T.; Cardella, G.; Cavallaro, S.; Chatterjee, M. B.; Chbihi, A.; Colonna, M.; D'Agostino, M.; Dayras, R.; Di Toro, M.; Frankland, J.; Galichet, E.; Gawlikowicz, W.; Geraci, E.; Grzeszczuk, A.; Guazzoni, P.; Kowalski, S.; La Guidara, E.; Lanzalone, G.; Lanzanò, G.; Le Neindre, N.; Lombardo, I.; Maiolino, C.; Papa, M.; Piasecki, E.; Pirrone, S.; Płaneta, R.; Politi, G.; Pop, A.; Porto, F.; Rivet, M. F.; Rizzo, F.; Rosato, E.; Schmidt, K.; Siwek-Wilczyńska, K.; Skwira-Chalot, I.; Trifirò, A.; Trimarchi, M.; Verde, G.; Vigilante, M.; Wieleczko, J. P.; Wilczyński, J.; Zetta, L.; Zipper, W.

2012-07-01

We present a new experimental method to correlate the isotopic composition of intermediate mass fragments (IMF) emitted at midrapidity in semiperipheral collisions with the emission timescale: IMFs emitted in the early stage of the reaction show larger values of isospin asymmetry, stronger angular anisotropies, and reduced odd-even staggering effects in neutron to proton ratio distributions than those produced in sequential statistical emission. All these effects support the concept of isospin “migration”, that is sensitive to the density gradient between participant and quasispectator nuclear matter, in the so called neck fragmentation mechanism. By comparing the data to a stochastic mean field (SMF) simulation we show that this method gives valuable constraints on the symmetry energy term of nuclear equation of state at subsaturation densities. An indication emerges for a linear density dependence of the symmetry energy.

Sivers and Boer-Mulders observables from lattice QCD

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Musch, B. U.; Hägler, Ph.; Engelhardt, M.; Negele, J. W.; Schäfer, A.

2012-05-01

We present a first calculation of transverse momentum-dependent nucleon observables in dynamical lattice QCD employing nonlocal operators with staple-shaped, “process-dependent” Wilson lines. The use of staple-shaped Wilson lines allows us to link lattice simulations to TMD effects determined from experiment, and, in particular, to access nonuniversal, naively time-reversal odd TMD observables. We present and discuss results for the generalized Sivers and Boer-Mulders transverse momentum shifts for the SIDIS and DY cases. The effect of staple-shaped Wilson lines on T-even observables is studied for the generalized tensor charge and a generalized transverse shift related to the worm-gear function g1T. We emphasize the dependence of these observables on the staple extent and the Collins-Soper evolution parameter. Our numerical calculations use an nf=2+1 mixed action scheme with domain wall valence fermions on an Asqtad sea and pion masses 369 MeV as well as 518 MeV.

Polarization-Resolved Study of High Harmonics from Bulk Semiconductors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaneshima, Keisuke; Shinohara, Yasushi; Takeuchi, Kengo; Ishii, Nobuhisa; Imasaka, Kotaro; Kaji, Tomohiro; Ashihara, Satoshi; Ishikawa, Kenichi L.; Itatani, Jiro

2018-06-01

The polarization property of high harmonics from gallium selenide is investigated using linearly polarized midinfrared laser pulses. With a high electric field, the perpendicular polarization component of the odd harmonics emerges, which is not present with a low electric field and cannot be explained by the perturbative nonlinear optics. A two-dimensional single-band model is developed to show that the anisotropic curvature of an energy band of solids, which is pronounced in an outer part of the Brillouin zone, induces the generation of the perpendicular odd harmonics. This model is validated by three-dimensional quantum mechanical simulations, which reproduce the orientation dependence of the odd-order harmonics. The quantum mechanical simulations also reveal that the odd- and even-order harmonics are produced predominantly by the intraband current and interband polarization, respectively. These experimental and theoretical demonstrations clearly show a strong link between the band structure of a solid and the polarization property of the odd-order harmonics.

Pascal's Triangle: 100% of the Numbers Are Even!

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bhindi, Nayan; McMenamin, Justin

2010-01-01

Pascal's triangle is an arrangement of the binomial coefficients in a triangle. Each number inside Pascal's triangle is calculated by adding the two numbers above it. When all the odd integers in Pascal's triangle are highlighted (black) and the remaining evens are left blank (white), one of many patterns in Pascal's triangle is displayed. By…

Homodyne versus photon-counting quantum trajectories for dissipative Kerr resonators with two-photon driving

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bartolo, Nicola; Minganti, Fabrizio; Lolli, Jared; Ciuti, Cristiano

2017-07-01

We investigate two different kinds of quantum trajectories for a nonlinear photon resonator subject to two-photon pumping, a configuration recently studied for the generation of photonic Schrödinger cat states. In the absence of feedback control and in the strong-driving limit, the steady-state density matrix is a statistical mixture of two states with equal weight. While along a single photon-counting trajectory the systems intermittently switches between an odd and an even cat state, we show that upon homodyne detection the situation is different. Indeed, homodyne quantum trajectories reveal switches between coherent states of opposite phase.

Hong Kong Chinese adolescents' self-reported smoking and perceptions of parenting styles.

PubMed

Wang, Yun; Ho, Sai Yin; Wang, Man Ping; Lo, Wing Sze; Lai, Hak Kan; Lam, Tai Hing

2015-04-01

Adolescent smoking has been associated with general parenting style, although potential differences between fathers and mothers were seldom investigated, especially in non-Western populations. The aim of this study is to investigate associations between Hong Kong adolescents' smoking and their perceptions of paternal and maternal parenting styles. In a school-based survey in 2006-2007, 33,408 adolescents (44.6 % boys; mean age 14.5 ± 1.3 years) provided information on smoking and the frequency of care and control by each parent, who was classified into one of four adolescent-reported parenting styles: authoritative (high care, high control), authoritarian (low care, high control), permissive (high care, low control), or neglectful (low care, low control). Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AORs) of current smoking (past 30 days) for parenting variables, considering potential effect modification by age, sex and parental smoking. Maternal care and control were strongly and significantly associated with lower odds of adolescent current smoking. However, such association was weak for paternal care and observed only in girls. Conversely, paternal control was positively associated with current smoking, especially if the father smoked. The lowest AORs of current smoking were associated with authoritative mothers, permissive fathers and combinations of maternal and paternal parenting styles with an authoritative mother whether or not the father was authoritative. Maternal care, control and authoritative parenting were associated with lower odds of adolescent smoking in Hong Kong. Paternal care was only weakly associated with lower odds of adolescent smoking, and paternal control was even associated with higher odds of smoking.

High-pressure ion source combined with an in-axis ion trap mass spectrometer. 1. Instrumentation and applications

PubMed

Mathurin; Faye; Brunot; Tabet; Wells; Fuche

2000-10-15

A new combination of a dual EI/CI ion source with a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer has been realized in order to efficiently produce negative ions in the reaction cell. Analysis of volatile compounds was performed under negative ion chemical ionization (NICI) during a reaction period where selected reactant negative ions, previously produced in the external ion source, were allowed to interact with molecules, introduced by hyphenated techniques such as gas chromatography. The O2*-, CH3O-, and Cl- reactant ions were used in this study to ensure specific ion/molecule interactions such as proton transfer, nucleophilic displacement, or charge exchange processes, respectively leading to even-electron species, i.e., deprotonated [M - H]- molecules, diagnostic [M - R]- ions, or odd-electron M*- molecular species. The reaction orientation depends on the thermochemistry of reactions within kinetic controls. First analytical results are presented here for the trace-level detection of several contaminants under NICI/Cl- conditions. Phosphorus-containing compounds (malathion, ethyl parathion, and methyl parathion as representative for pesticides) and nitro-containing compounds (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene for explosive material) have been chosen in order to explore the analytical ability of this promising instrumental coupling.

Jupiter's atmospheric jet streams extend thousands of kilometres deep.

PubMed

Kaspi, Y; Galanti, E; Hubbard, W B; Stevenson, D J; Bolton, S J; Iess, L; Guillot, T; Bloxham, J; Connerney, J E P; Cao, H; Durante, D; Folkner, W M; Helled, R; Ingersoll, A P; Levin, S M; Lunine, J I; Miguel, Y; Militzer, B; Parisi, M; Wahl, S M

2018-03-07

The depth to which Jupiter's observed east-west jet streams extend has been a long-standing question. Resolving this puzzle has been a primary goal for the Juno spacecraft, which has been in orbit around the gas giant since July 2016. Juno's gravitational measurements have revealed that Jupiter's gravitational field is north-south asymmetric, which is a signature of the planet's atmospheric and interior flows. Here we report that the measured odd gravitational harmonics J 3 , J 5 , J 7 and J 9 indicate that the observed jet streams, as they appear at the cloud level, extend down to depths of thousands of kilometres beneath the cloud level, probably to the region of magnetic dissipation at a depth of about 3,000  kilometres. By inverting the measured gravity values into a wind field, we calculate the most likely vertical profile of the deep atmospheric and interior flow, and the latitudinal dependence of its depth. Furthermore, the even gravity harmonics J 8 and J 10 resulting from this flow profile also match the measurements, when taking into account the contribution of the interior structure. These results indicate that the mass of the dynamical atmosphere is about one per cent of Jupiter's total mass.

The association between occupation and the incidence of knee disorders in young military recruits.

PubMed

Gordon, Barak; Moshe, Shlomo; Blanc, Paul D; Derazne, Estela; Tzur, Dorit; Afek, Arnon; Shamiss, Ari

2013-01-01

To investigate the association between occupational risk factors and the incidence of knee disorders in a young adult population. Israeli recruits to the Israel Defense Forces go through a rigorous medical investigation. Study participants were classified by prior knee condition status and divided into 5 categories of prospective occupational exposure to physical activity according to their assigned military duties, and were then followed for 30 months for the development of severe knee disorders (SKD). Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the occupational risks for incident SKD, adjusted for any previous mild or moderate disorder, body mass index, and body height at induction. The study population consisted of 76,491 males. SKD developed in 615 (0.8%). Compared to administrative workers as referents, a higher risk of developing SKD was manifest among high intensity combat occupations, (odds ratios [OR] 2.15), those in moderate intensity combat occupations (OR 2.57) and maintenance (OR 1.59). Drivers did not demonstrate increased risk of knee disorders compared to referents. Occupational factors during military service are associated with incident SKD, even when taking into account previous knee disorders, body mass index, and height, which also had independent effects in our study population.

Non-thermal leptogenesis with distinct CP violation and minimal dark matter

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhou, Hang; Gu, Pei-Hong, E-mail: einsteinzh@sjtu.edu.cn, E-mail: peihong.gu@sjtu.edu.cn

We demonstrate a unified scenario for neutrino mass, baryon asymmetry, dark matter and inflation. In addition to a fermion triplet for the so-called minimal dark matter, we extend the standard model by three heavy fields including a scalar singlet, a fermion triplet and a fermion singlet/Higgs triplet. The heavy scalar singlet, which is expected to drive an inflation, and the dark matter fermion triplet are odd under an unbroken Z {sub 2} discrete symmetry, while the other fields are all even. The heavy fermion triplet offers a tree-level type-III seesaw and then mediates a three-body decay of the inflaton intomore » the standard model lepton and Higgs doublets with the dark matter fermion triplet. The heavy fermion singlet/Higgs triplet not only results in a type-I/II seesaw at tree level but also contributes to the inflaton decay at one-loop level. In this scenario, the type-I/II seesaw contains all of the physical CP phases in the lepton sector and hence the CP violation for the non-thermal leptogenesis by the inflaton decay exactly comes from the imaginary part of the neutrino mass matrix.« less

MSSM A-funnel and the galactic center excess: prospects for the LHC and direct detection experiments

DOE PAGES

Freese, Katherine; López, Alejandro; Shah, Nausheen R.; ...

2016-04-11

The pseudoscalar resonance or “A-funnel” in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) is a widely studied framework for explaining dark matter that can yield interesting indirect detection and collider signals. The well-known Galactic Center excess (GCE) at GeV energies in the gamma ray spectrum, consistent with annihilation of a ≲ 40 GeV dark matter particle, has more recently been shown to be compatible with significantly heavier masses following reanalysis of the background.For this study, we explore the LHC and direct detection implications of interpreting the GCE in this extended mass window within the MSSM A-funnel framework. We find that compatibilitymore » with relic density, signal strength, collider constraints, and Higgs data can be simultaneously achieved with appropriate parameter choices. The compatible regions give very sharp predictions of 200-600 GeV CP-odd/even Higgs bosons at low tan β at the LHC and spin-independent cross sections ≈ 10 -11 pb at direct detection experiments. Finally, regardless of consistency with the GCE, this study serves as a useful template of the strong correlations between indirect, direct, and LHC signatures of the MSSM A-funnel region.« less

Could a Weak Coupling Massless SU(5) Theory Underly the Standard Model S-Matrix

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

White, Alan R.

2011-04-01

The unitary Critical Pomeron connects to a unique massless left-handed SU(5) theory that, remarkably, might provide an unconventional underlying unification for the Standard Model. Multi-regge theory suggests the existence of a bound-state high-energy S-Matrix that replicates Standard Model states and interactions via massless fermion anomaly dynamics. Configurations of anomalous wee gauge boson reggeons play a vacuum-like role. All particles, including neutrinos, are bound-states with dynamical masses (there is no Higgs field) that are formed (in part) by anomaly poles. The contributing zero-momentum chirality transitions break the SU(5) symmetry to vector SU(3)⊗U(1) in the S-Matrix. The high-energy interactions are vector reggeon exchanges accompanied by wee boson sums (odd-signature for the strong interaction and even-signature for the electroweak interaction) that strongly enhance couplings. The very small SU(5) coupling, αQUD ≲ 1/120, should be reflected in small (Majorana) neutrino masses. A color sextet quark sector, still to be discovered, produces both Dark Matter and Electroweak Symmetry Breaking. Anomaly color factors imply this sector could be produced at the LHC with large cross-sections, and would be definitively identified in double pomeron processes.

A randomized controlled trial of dexamethasone as an adjunctive therapy to propylene glycol for treatment of hyperketonemia in postpartum dairy cattle.

PubMed

Tatone, Elise H; Duffield, Todd F; Capel, Michael B; DeVries, Trevor J; LeBlanc, Stephen J; Gordon, Jessica L

2016-11-01

Treatment of hyperketonemia with oral propylene glycol has proven efficacy but the cure rate remains moderate. Dexamethasone has long been suggested as a treatment for hyperketonemia, even though evidence of its efficacy is contradictory. The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effect of adding a single intramuscular injection of 20mg of dexamethasone to oral propylene glycol therapy for hyperketonemia [blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) ≥1.2mmol/L]. All cows between 3 and 16d in milk on 4 dairy farms in New York State were tested once weekly for hyperketonemia using a handheld ketone meter. All enrolled animals received 312g (300mL) of propylene glycol orally once daily for 4d and either a single injection of dexamethasone or an equivalent volume of sterile saline. A total of 509 animals were enrolled, with 254 and 255 in the placebo and dexamethasone groups, respectively. Treatment with dexamethasone decreased the odds of being hyperketonemic in the second week posttreatment; however, the odds of hyperketonemia in the first week posttreatment only decreased in those animals that were treated at a BHB blood concentration between 1.2 and 1.5mmol/L. For the 8% of cows with blood BHB >3.2mmol/L at enrollment, receiving dexamethasone increased the odds of being hyperketonemic the following week. We detected no difference between treatment groups in the odds of postpartum disease or in milk production. For cows with initial BHB of 1.2 to 1.5mmol/L, treatment with dexamethasone tended to reduce the odds of pregnancy at first insemination. Based on the small and conditional benefits of dexamethasone and a lack of difference in milk yield or disease incidence, we do not recommend the use of dexamethasone to treat hyperketonemia. Copyright © 2016 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Low peak jump power is associated with elevated odds of dysmobility syndrome in community-dwelling elderly individuals: the Korean Urban Rural Elderly (KURE) study.

PubMed

Hong, Namki; Kim, Chang Oh; Youm, Yoosik; Kim, Hyeon Chang; Rhee, Yumie

2018-06-01

In a community-dwelling elderly cohort (Korean Urban Rural Elderly), low peak jump power was associated with elevated odds of dysmobility syndrome and its components, independent of age and comorbidities. Jump power measurement improved discrimination of individuals with dysmobility syndrome when added to conventional risk factors. Dysmobility syndrome was proposed to encompass the risks affecting musculoskeletal outcomes. Jump power measurement is a safe, reproducible high-intensity test for physical function in elderly. However, the relationship between jump power and dysmobility syndrome remains unknown. A total of 1369 subjects (mean 71.6 years; women, 66%) were analyzed from a community-based cohort. Dysmobility syndrome was defined as the presence of ≥ 3 factors among falls in the preceding year, low lean mass, high fat mass, osteoporosis, low grip strength, and low timed get-up-and-go (TUG) performance. Subjects were grouped into tertiles of jump power relative to weight based on sex-stratified cutoffs (32.4 and 27.6 W/kg in men; 23.9 and 19.9 W/kg in women) or into the failed-to-jump group. The prevalence of dysmobility syndrome was 20% overall, increasing from the highest (T1) to lowest (T3) jump power tertile (1, 11, 15% in men; 11, 16, 39% in women) and the failed-to-jump group (39% in men; 48% in women). Low jump power or failed-to-jump was associated with elevated odds of dysmobility syndrome (T3 vs. T1, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.35, p < 0.001; failed-to-jump vs. T1, aOR 7.60, p < 0.001) and its components including falls, low lean mass, high fat mass, and poor TUG performance but not osteoporosis after adjustment for covariates. Jump power modestly discriminated dysmobility syndrome (area under the curve [AUC], 0.71, p < 0.001), which improved discriminatory performance when added to conventional risk factors (AUC, from 0.75 to 0.79, p < 0.001). Low peak jump power was associated with elevated odds of dysmobility syndrome and its components, independent of age and comorbidities.

Whole-fat dairy food intake is inversely associated with obesity prevalence: findings from the Observation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Luxembourg study.

PubMed

Crichton, Georgina E; Alkerwi, Ala'a

2014-11-01

Because research focusing on dairy food consumption and the risk for obesity is inconsistent and only a few studies have even examined specific dairy products, in regard to type of food and fat content, in relation to obesity risk, this cross-sectional study investigated whether dairy food consumption is associated with the prevalence of global and abdominal obesity. Data were analyzed from 1352 participants in the Observation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Luxembourg survey. We hypothesized that higher total dairy food consumption would be independently associated with reduced prevalence of obesity. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to measure intakes of dairy foods. Odds for global obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m(2)) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference >102 cm for men and >88cm for women) were determined based on total dairy food intake as well as intakes of individual low- and whole-fat dairy products (milk, yogurt, and cheese). Total dairy food intake was inversely associated with the likelihood of global obesity (odds ratio [OR], 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30-0.89; P < .05) and abdominal obesity (OR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.32-0.83; P < .01). Participants in the highest tertile of whole-fat dairy intakes (milk, cheese, yogurt) had significantly lower odds for being obese (global obesity: OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.29-0.72; P < .01; abdominal obesity: OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.23-0.54; P < .001), compared with those in the lowest intake tertile, after full adjustment for demographic, lifestyle, dietary, and cardiovascular risk factor variables. Increasing consumption of dairy foods may have the potential to lower the prevalence of global and abdominal obesity. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Association between waist circumference and the prevalence/control of hypertension by gender and different body mass index classification in an urban elderly population].

PubMed

Wu, Lei; He, Yao; Jiang, Bin; Liu, Miao; Yang, Shanshan; Zeng, Jing; Wang, Yiyan; Wang, Jianhua; Zhang, Di

2015-12-01

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between waist circumference and the prevalence/control of hypertension in an urban elderly population. From September 2009 to June 2010, a population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Wanshoulu area of Beijing, China. A total of 2 035 elderly (828 male, 1 207 females) participants aged ≥60 years from a community were included in this study for data analysis. We found that the increased waist circumference could significantly increase the risk of prevalence and poor control of hypertension, with the adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) as 1.04 (1.01-1.08) and 0.96 (0.92-1.00) , respectively. Among those identified pure central obesity females (64.7%) , the prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher than those females with normal body mass index (BMI) or with normal waist circumference (52.2%). The adjusted odds ratio (95%CI) between the above said groups appeared as 1.58 (1.07-2.32). The control rate of hypertension among females (32.9%) with pure central obesity, was lower than that of the females with normal BMI and waist circumference (43.5%) , with an adjusted odds ratio (95%CI) as 0.62 (0.37-1.04, P=0.071). There appeared significant association between people with pure central obesity and the increased risk of prevalence or with poor control of hypertension. More attention should be paid to both the prevalence and control of hypertension programs among females with pure central obesity.

Charge distributions of fission fragments of low- and high-energy fission of Fm, No, and Rf isotopes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Paşca, H.; Andreev, A. V.; Adamian, G. G.; Antonenko, N. V.

2018-03-01

The charge (mass) distributions of fission fragments resulting from low- and high-energy fission of the even-even nuclei 254 -260 ,264Fm , 258 -264No , and 262 -266Rf are studied with the statistical scission-point model. The calculated results are compared with the available experimental data. In contrast to the experimental data, the calculated mass distribution for 258Fm (s.f.) is strikingly similar to the experimental one for 257Fm (s.f.). The transformation of the shape of charge distribution with increasing isospin and excitation energy occurs gradually and in a similar fashion like that of the mass distribution, but slower. For 254Fm(i.f.), 257Fm(nt h,f), and 260Fm (s.f.), the unexpected difference (symmetric or asymmetric) between the shapes of charge and mass distributions is predicted for the first time. At some critical excitation energy, the saturation of the symmetric component of charge (mass) yields is demonstrated.

Effect of phase and orbital wave parameter choices on CS and IOS degeneracy averaged differential cross sections

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Khare, V.; Fitz, D.E.; Kouri, D.J.

1980-09-15

The effect of phase choice and partial wave parameter choice on CS and IOS inelastic degeneracy averaged differential cross sections is studied. An approximate simplified CS scattering amplitude for l-bar=1/2(l'+l) is derived and is shown to have a form which closely resembles the McGuire--Kouri scattering amplitude for odd ..delta..j transitions and reduces to it for even ..delta..j transitions. The choice of phase in the CS wave function is shown to result in different approximations which yield significantly different shapes for the degeneracy averaged differential cross section. Time reversal symmetry arguments are employed to select the proper phase choice. IOS calculationsmore » of the degeneracy averaged differential cross sections of He--CO, He--Cl and Ne--HD using l-bar=1/2(l+l') and the phase choice which ensures proper time reversal symmetry are found to correct the phase disagreement which was previously noted for odd ..delta..j transitions using l-bar=l or l' and either the time reversal phase or other phase choices.« less

New edge-centered photonic square lattices with flat bands

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Da; Zhang, Yiqi; Zhong, Hua; Li, Changbiao; Zhang, Zhaoyang; Zhang, Yanpeng; Belić, Milivoj R.

2017-07-01

We report a new class of edge-centered photonic square lattices with multiple flat bands, and consider in detail two examples: the Lieb-5 and Lieb-7 lattices. In these lattices, there are 5 and 7 sites in the unit cell and in general, the number is restricted to odd integers. The number of flat bands m in the new Lieb lattices is related to the number of sites N in the unit cell by a simple formula m =(N - 1) / 2. The flat bands reported here are independent of the pseudomagnetic field. The properties of lattices with even and odd number of flat bands are different. We consider the localization of light in such Lieb lattices. If the input beam excites the flat-band mode, it will not diffract during propagation, owing to the strong mode localization. In the Lieb-7 lattice, the beam will also oscillate during propagation and still not diffract. The period of oscillation is determined by the energy difference between the two flat bands. This study provides a new platform for investigating light trapping, photonic topological insulators, and pseudospin-mediated vortex generation.

Protein intake distribution pattern does not affect anabolic response, lean body mass, muscle strength or function over 8 weeks in older adults: A randomized-controlled trial.

PubMed

Kim, Il-Young; Schutzler, Scott; Schrader, Amy M; Spencer, Horace J; Azhar, Gohar; Wolfe, Robert R; Ferrando, Arny A

2018-04-01

In our recent acute metabolic study, we found no differences in the anabolic response to differing patterns of dietary protein intake. To confirm this in a chronic study, we investigated the effects of protein distribution pattern on functional outcomes and protein kinetics in older adults over 8 weeks. To determine chronic effects of protein intake pattern at 1.1 g protein/kg/day in mixed meals on lean body mass (LBM), functional outcomes, whole body protein kinetics and muscle protein fractional synthesis rate (MPS) over 8-week respective dietary intervention, fourteen older subjects were randomly divided into either EVEN or UNVEN group. The UNEVEN group (n = 7) consumed the majority of dietary protein with dinner (UNEVEN, 15/20/65%; breakfast, lunch, dinner), while the EVEN group (n = 7) consumed dietary protein evenly throughout the day (EVEN: 33/33/33%). We found no significant differences in LBM, muscle strength, and other functional outcomes between EVEN and UNEVEN before and after 8-week intervention. Consistent with these functional outcomes, we did not find significant differences in the 20-h integrated whole body protein kinetics [net protein balance (NB), protein synthesis (PS), and breakdown (PB)] above basal states and MPS between EVEN and UNEVEN intake patterns. We conclude that over an 8-week intervention period, the protein intake distribution pattern in mixed meals does not play an important role in determining anabolic response, muscle strength, or functional outcomes. This trial is registered at https://ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02787889. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.

Better Body Composition and Lipid Profile Can Be Associated with Vitamin D Status in Spanish Elderly? The PHYSMED Study.

PubMed

Souza, W N; Aparicio-Ugarriza, R; Bibiloni, M M; Palacios, G; Aguilar, I; Tur, J A; González-Gross, M

2017-01-01

Studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency increases the risk for lipid metabolism disorders, but this relationship has provided inconsistent results in elderly. Thus the aim was to assess the association between body composition and blood lipid profile levels on serum 25-hydrovitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration in Spanish elderly. A cross-sectional multicentre study was carried out in 383 participants (58.2% females) aged of 55-88 years. Fasting blood samples analyzed serum concentrations of 25(OH)D, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC). Body composition parameters (fat mass, fat free mass) were obtained by bioimpedance, waist circumference (WC), physical activity and vitamin D intake were also evaluated. BMI, fat mass and total fat mass were lower in vitamin D sufficient subjects than vitamin D insufficient and deficient subjects, but this difference was not significant (p>0,05). Those with vitamin D adequate levels also showed lower TC/HDL ratio than those who had inadequate (insufficient or deficient) vitamin D levels (p=0.04). Significant association between 25(OH)D and BMI, waist circumference, total muscle mass, TC/HDL-c ratio, HDL and TG (for all p≤ 0.05) was found after controlling for some confounders. Subjects with inadequate HDL levels (<40mg/dL) showed 1.7 times higher odds than vitamin D deficiency than those with adequate HDL levels (>60mg/dL) (95% CI= 1.10 to 2.85 p= 0.017) and WC was negatively associated with vitamin D status odds ratio of 0.98 (0.96 to 1.00; p= 0.04). Vitamin D concentration was positively correlated with HDL-c and total muscle mass, as well as negatively correlated with WC, LDL-c/HDL-c and TC/HDL-c independently of age, gender and some confounders.

Wave functions of the Q .Q interaction in terms of unitary 9-j coefficients

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zamick, Larry; Harper, Matthew

2015-03-01

We obtain wave functions for two protons and two neutrons in the g9 /2 shell expressed as column vectors with amplitudes D (Jp,Jn) . When we use a quadrupole-quadrupole interaction (Q .Q ) we get, in many cases, a very strong overlap with wave functions given by a single set of unitary 9-j coefficients—U 9 j =<(jj ) 2 j(jjJB|(jj ) Jp(jj ) Jn) I> . Here JB=9 for even I T =0 states. For both even and odd T =1 states we take JB equal to 8 whilst for odd I ,T =0 we take JB to be 7. We compare the Q .Q results with those of a more realistic interaction.

Stability analysis solutions and optical solitons in extended nonlinear Schrödinger equation with higher-order odd and even terms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peng, Wei-Qi; Tian, Shou-Fu; Zou, Li; Zhang, Tian-Tian

2018-01-01

In this paper, the extended nonlinear Schrödinger equation with higher-order odd (third order) and even (fourth order) terms is investigated, whose particular cases are the Hirota equation, the Sasa-Satsuma equation and Lakshmanan-Porsezian-Daniel equation by selecting some specific values on the parameters of higher-order terms. We first study the stability analysis of the equation. Then, using the ansatz method, we derive its bright, dark solitons and some constraint conditions which can guarantee the existence of solitons. Moreover, the Ricatti equation extension method is employed to derive some exact singular solutions. The outstanding characteristics of these solitons are analyzed via several diverting graphics.

The impact of body mass index on the risk of high spinal block in parturients undergoing cesarean delivery: a retrospective cohort study.

PubMed

Lamon, Agnes M; Einhorn, Lisa M; Cooter, Mary; Habib, Ashraf S

2017-08-01

To investigate the hypothesis that the risk of high spinal block is not increased in obese parturients undergoing cesarean delivery compared to non-obese parturients. This is a retrospective study at an academic center. We searched the perioperative database for women who underwent cesarean delivery under spinal or combined spinal epidural anesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine ≥10.5 mg. A body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m 2 was defined as obese. We categorized obesity into: obesity class I (BMI = 30-34.9 kg/m 2 ), obesity class II (BMI = 35-39.9 kg/m 2 ), obesity class III (BMI = 40-49.9 kg/m 2 ), and super obese (BMI ≥50 kg/m 2 ). The primary outcome was high spinal block defined as need to convert to general anesthesia within 20 min of spinal placement as a result of altered mental status, weakness, or respiratory distress resulting from the high block, or a recorded block height ≥T1. The analysis included 5015 women. High spinal blocks occurred in 29 patients (0.6%). The risk of high spinal was significantly different according to BMI (p = 0.025). In a multivariate model, BMI (p = 0.008) and cesarean delivery priority (p = 0.009) were associated with high blocks. BMI ≥50 kg/m 2 was associated with greater odds of high block compared to BMI <30 kg/m 2 [odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 6.3 (2.2, 18.5)]. Scheduled cesarean delivery was also associated with greater odds of high block compared with unscheduled delivery. At standard spinal doses of hyperbaric bupivacaine used in our practice (≥10.5 mg), there were greater odds of high block in those with BMI ≥50 kg/m 2 .

Epilepsy, poverty and early under-nutrition in rural Ethiopia.

PubMed

Vaid, Nidhi; Fekadu, Sintayehu; Alemu, Shitaye; Dessie, Abere; Wabe, Genale; Phillips, David I W; Parry, Eldryd H O; Prevett, Martin

2012-11-01

The incidence of epilepsy in Ethiopia is high compared with industrialised countries, but in most cases the cause of epilepsy is unknown. Childhood malnutrition remains widespread. We performed a case-control study to determine whether epilepsy is associated with poverty and markers of early under-nutrition. Patients with epilepsy (n=112), aged 18-45years, were recruited from epilepsy clinics in and around two towns in Ethiopia. Controls with a similar age and gender distribution (n=149) were recruited from patients and relatives attending general outpatient clinics. We administered a questionnaire to define the medical and social history of cases and controls, and then performed a series of anthropometric measurements. Unconditional logistic regression was used to estimate multivariate adjusted odds ratios. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate adjusted case-control differences for continuously distributed outcomes. Epilepsy was associated with illiteracy/low levels of education, odds ratio=3.0 (95% confidence interval: 1.7-5.6), subsistence farming, odds ratio=2.6 (1.2-5.6) and markers of poverty including poorer access to sanitation (p=0.009), greater overcrowding (p=0.008) and fewer possessions (p<0.001). Epilepsy was also associated with the father's death during childhood, odds ratio=2.2 (1.0-4.6). Body mass index was similar in cases and controls, but patients with epilepsy were shorter and lighter with reduced sitting height (p<0.001), bitrochanteric diameter (p=0.029) and hip size (p=0.003). Patients with epilepsy also had lower mid-upper arm circumference (p=0.011) and lean body mass (p=0.037). Epilepsy in Ethiopia is strongly associated with poor education and markers of poverty. Patients with epilepsy also had evidence of stunting and disproportionate skeletal growth, raising the possibility of a link between early under-nutrition and epilepsy. Copyright © 2012 British Epilepsy Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Two-gluon and trigluon glueballs from dynamical holography QCD

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Yi-dian; Huang, Mei

2016-12-01

We study the scalar, vector and tensor two-gluon and trigluon glueball spectra in the framework of the 5-dimension dynamical holographic QCD model, where the metric structure is deformed self-consistently by the dilaton field. For comparison, the glueball spectra are also calculated in the hard-wall and soft-wall holographic QCD models. In order to distinguish glueballs with even and odd parities, we introduce a positive and negative coupling between the dilaton field and glueballs, and for higher spin glueballs, we introduce a deformed 5-dimension mass. With this set-up, there is only one free parameter from the quadratic dilaton profile in the dynamical holographic QCD model, which is fixed by the scalar glueball spectra. It is found that the two-gluon glueball spectra produced in the dynamical holographic QCD model are in good agreement with lattice data. Among six trigluon glueballs, the produced masses for 1±- and 2-- are in good agreement with lattice data, and the produced masses for 0--, 0+- and 2+- are around 1.5 GeV lighter than lattice results. This result might indicate that the three trigluon glueballs of 0--, 0+- and 2+- are dominated by the three-gluon condensate contribution. Supported by the NSFC (11175251, 11621131001), DFG and NSFC (CRC 110), CAS Key Project KJCX2-EW-N01, K.C.Wong Education Foundation, and Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS

Production of Odd-Carbon Dicarboxylic Acids in Escherichia coli Using an Engineered Biotin-Fatty Acid Biosynthetic Pathway.

PubMed

Haushalter, Robert W; Phelan, Ryan M; Hoh, Kristina M; Su, Cindy; Wang, George; Baidoo, Edward E K; Keasling, Jay D

2017-04-05

Dicarboxylic acids are commodity chemicals used in the production of plastics, polyesters, nylons, fragrances, and medications. Bio-based routes to dicarboxylic acids are gaining attention due to environmental concerns about petroleum-based production of these compounds. Some industrial applications require dicarboxylic acids with specific carbon chain lengths, including odd-carbon species. Biosynthetic pathways involving cytochrome P450-catalyzed oxidation of fatty acids in yeast and bacteria have been reported, but these systems produce almost exclusively even-carbon species. Here we report a novel pathway to odd-carbon dicarboxylic acids directly from glucose in Escherichia coli by employing an engineered pathway combining enzymes from biotin and fatty acid synthesis. Optimization of the pathway will lead to industrial strains for the production of valuable odd-carbon diacids.

Late-night overeating is associated with smaller breakfast, breakfast skipping, and obesity in children: The Healthy Growth Study.

PubMed

Karatzi, Kalliopi; Moschonis, George; Choupi, Eurikleia; Manios, Yannis

2017-01-01

Excessive energy intake during evening hours is associated with several health problems. The aim of this study was to investigate for the first time the possible association of late-night overeating with breakfast habits and obesity in a large sample of Greek children ages 9 to 13 y. In all, 2655 schoolchildren (9-13 y) participated in the Healthy Growth Study, a cross-sectional epidemiologic study conducted in 77 primary schools in four large regions in Greece. The present study presents results on 1912 children having full data regarding anthropometric, dietary, physical activity, and physical examination indices. High-energy intake at dinner and evening snack was associated with higher likelihood of skipping breakfast (odds ratio, 1.85; 95% confidence interval 1.42-2.39) and with lower caloric intake at breakfast (β = 0.14; P < 0.001). Children at the lowest quartile of physical activity levels were found to have a positive association between the calories consumed at dinner and their body mass index (β = 0.11; P = 0.019). This association was inverse for children at the highest quartile of physical activity levels (β = -0.10; P = 0.033). Late-night overeating is associated with skipping and/or consuming a smaller breakfast. In children with low levels of physical activity, it is associated with increased body mass index. Future relevant studies are essential to further explore and confirm the findings of the present study. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The mercury isotope composition of Arctic coastal seawater

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Štrok, Marko; Baya, Pascale Anabelle; Hintelmann, Holger

2015-11-01

For the first time, Hg isotope composition of seawater in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago is reported. Hg was pre-concentrated from large volumes of seawater sampling using anion exchange resins onboard the research vessel immediately after collection. Elution of Hg was performed in laboratory followed by isotope composition determination by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). For comparison, seawater from two stations was shipped to the laboratory and processed within it. Results showed negative mass-dependent fractionation in the range from -2.85 to -1.10‰ for δ202Hg, as well as slightly positive mass-independent fractionation of odd Hg isotopes. Positive mass-independent fractionation of 200Hg was also observed. Samples that were pre-concentrated in the laboratory showed different Hg isotope signatures and this is most probably due to the abiotic reduction of Hg in the dark by organic matter during storage and shipment after sampling. This emphasizes the need for immediate onboard pre-concentration.

Association of peripheral arterial disease with periodontal disease: analysis of inflammatory cytokines and an acute phase protein in gingival crevicular fluid and serum.

PubMed

Çalapkorur, M Unlu; Alkan, B A; Tasdemir, Z; Akcali, Y; Saatçi, E

2017-06-01

Inflammation is a common feature of both peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between PAD and periodontal disease by examining the levels of inflammatory cytokines (pentraxin 3 and interleukin 1β) and high sensitive C-reactive protein from gingival crevicular fluid and serum. A total of 60 patients were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients were divided into two groups based on ankle-brachial index values: with PAD (test group) and non-PAD (control group). Demographic evaluations, clinical periodontal examinations and biochemical analysis for pentraxin 3, interleukin 1β and high sensitive C-reactive protein were performed to compare the two groups. There were no significant differences with respect to gender, age, body mass index, or smoking history (duration, amount) between the two groups (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of clinical periodontal parameters (p > 0.05). Neither gingival crevicular fluid nor serum levels of the cytokines showed differences between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis revealed that, after adjusting for confounding factors (age, gender, diabetes, hypertension and body mass index), periodontitis raised the odds ratio for having PAD to 5.842 (95% confidence interval: 1.558-21.909). Although there were no significant differences with respect to clinical periodontal parameters and biochemical analyses between the study group and control, periodontitis did raise the odds ratio for having PAD. To clarify this possible relationship, future prospective studies are needed. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Racial/Ethnic Differences in Left Ventricular Structure and Function in Chronic Kidney Disease: The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort.

PubMed

Ahmad, Faraz S; Cai, Xuan; Kunkel, Katherine; Ricardo, Ana C; Lash, James P; Raj, Dominic S; He, Jiang; Anderson, Amanda H; Budoff, Matthew J; Wright Nunes, Julie A; Roy, Jason; Wright, Jackson T; Go, Alan S; St John Sutton, Martin G; Kusek, John W; Isakova, Tamara; Wolf, Myles; Keane, Martin G

2017-08-01

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and it is especially common among Blacks. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an important subclinical marker of CVD, but there are limited data on racial variation in left ventricular structure and function among persons with CKD. In a cross-sectional analysis of the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study, we compared the prevalence of different types of left ventricular remodeling (concentric hypertrophy, eccentric hypertrophy, and concentric remodeling) by race/ethnicity. We used multinomial logistic regression to test whether race/ethnicity associated with different types of left ventricular remodeling independently of potential confounding factors. We identified 1,164 non-Hispanic Black and 1,155 non-Hispanic White participants who completed Year 1 visits with echocardiograms that had sufficient data to categorize left ventricular geometry type. Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks had higher mean left ventricular mass index (54.7 ± 14.6 vs. 47.4 ± 12.2 g/m2.7; P < 0.0001) and prevalence of concentric LVH (45.8% vs. 24.9%). In addition to higher systolic blood pressure and treatment with >3 antihypertensive medications, Black race/ethnicity was independently associated with higher odds of concentric LVH compared to White race/ethnicity (odds ratio: 2.73; 95% confidence interval: 2.02, 3.69). In a large, diverse cohort with CKD, we found significant differences in left ventricular mass and hypertrophic morphology between non-Hispanic Blacks and Whites. Future studies will evaluate whether higher prevalence of LVH contribute to racial/ethnic disparities in cardiovascular outcomes among CKD patients. © American Journal of Hypertension, Ltd 2017. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com

Growth and condition of juvenile chum and pink salmon in the northeastern Bering Sea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wechter, Melissa E.; Beckman, Brian R.; Andrews, Alexander G., III; Beaudreau, Anne H.; McPhee, Megan V.

2017-01-01

As the Arctic continues to warm, abundances of juvenile Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) in the northern Bering Sea are expected to increase. However, information regarding the growth and condition of juvenile salmon in these waters is limited. The first objective of this study was to describe relationships between size, growth, and condition of juvenile chum (O. keta) and pink (O. gorbuscha) salmon and environmental conditions using data collected in the northeastern Bering Sea (NEBS) from 2003-2007 and 2009-2012. Salmon collected at stations with greater bottom depths and cooler sea-surface temperature (SST) were longer, reflecting their movement further offshore out of the warmer Alaska Coastal Water mass, as the season progressed. Energy density, after accounting for fish length, followed similar relationships with SST and bottom depth while greater condition (weight-length residuals) was associated with warm SST and shallower stations. We used insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations as an indicator of relative growth rate for fishes sampled in 2009-2012 and that found fish exhibited higher IGF-1 concentrations in 2010-2012 than in 2009, although these differences were not clearly attributable to environmental conditions. Our second objective was to compare size and condition of juvenile chum and pink salmon in the NEBS between warm and cool spring thermal regimes of the southeastern Bering Sea (SEBS). This comparison was based on a hypothesis informed by the strong role of sea-ice retreat in the spring for production dynamics in the SEBS and prevailing northward currents, suggesting that feeding conditions in the NEBS may be influenced by production in the SEBS. We found greater length (both species) and condition (pink salmon) in years with warm thermal regimes; however, both of these responses changed more rapidly with day of year in years with cool springs. Finally, we compared indicators of energy allocation between even and odd brood-year stocks of juvenile pink salmon, finding support for the idea that the even-year stock allocates more energy to storage, as opposed to growth, than does the odd-year stock. Over all, our results support the idea that sea-ice dynamics influence energy allocation and growth of juvenile salmon in the northern Bering Sea and provide a foundation for further understanding of how environmental conditions influence juvenile salmon at the northern edge of their range.

Starting time for induction of labor and the risk for night-time delivery.

PubMed

Thorsell, M; Lyrenäs, S; Andolf, E; Kaijser, M

2011-08-01

To analyze if starting time for labor induction affected the risk of night-time delivery, and to evaluate to what extent the risk was influenced by Bishop score at start of induction, mode of induction, and parity. A retrospective cohort study of women who delivered at Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, 2002-2006, comprising 1940 women induced by Dinoprostone (PGE(2)) or transcervical balloon catheter (BARD). Risks for night-time delivery were calculated as absolute risk and Odds Ratios by unconditional logistic regression using induction of labor in the morning as reference. For nulliparae with Bishop score 0-3 induced by BARD, odds ratios for night-time delivery were 0.42 (95% C.I. 0.19-0.93) and 0.09 (95% C.I. 0.02-0.47) when inductions started in the afternoon and evening, respectively, compared to inductions starting in the morning For multiparae, however, the risk of night-time delivery was highest if induction started in the evening. Compared to inductions started in the morning, odds ratios for night-time delivery were 3.53 (95% C.I. 2.57-4.83) and 8.49 (95% C.I. 4.45-16.19) for induction starting in the afternoon and evening, respectively. Starting time of labor induction affects the risk of giving birth at night. For nulliparae induced by BARD, starting the induction in the evening instead of during the day may reduce the number of night-time deliveries substantially. For multiparae, however, our data suggest that induction of labor should take place in the morning. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Body Mass Index (BMI) Trajectories in Infancy Differ by Population Ancestry and May Presage Disparities in Early Childhood Obesity

PubMed Central

Roy, Sani M.; Chesi, Alessandra; Mentch, Frank; Xiao, Rui; Chiavacci, Rosetta; Mitchell, Jonathan A.; Kelly, Andrea; Hakonarson, Hakon; Grant, Struan F.A.; Zemel, Babette S.

2015-01-01

Context: No consensus definition exists for excess adiposity during infancy. After age 2 years, high body mass index (BMI) is related to adverse cardiometabolic outcomes. Before age 2 years, the utility of BMI as a metric of excess adiposity is unknown. Objectives: The objective of the study was to characterize infant BMI trajectories in a diverse, longitudinal cohort and investigate the relationship between the infancy BMI trajectory and childhood obesity. Subjects: Healthy, nonpreterm infants (n = 2114) in the Genetic Causes for Complex Pediatric Disorders study (The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia) with six or more BMI measurements in the first 13.5 months participated in the study. Design: For each infant, the BMI trajectory was modeled using polynomial regression. Independent effects of clinical factors on magnitude and timing of peak BMI were assessed. The relationship between infancy BMI and early childhood BMI (age 4 y) was examined (n = 1075). Results: The cohort was 53% male and 61% African-American. Peak BMI was 18.6 ± 1.7 kg/m2 and occurred at 8.6 ± 1.4 months. In multivariate analysis, boys had a higher (0.50 kg/m2, P < .001) peak BMI than girls. The peak was higher (0.53 kg/m2, P ≤ .001) and occurred earlier (by 12 d, P < .001) in African-American vs white children. The odds of obesity at age 4 years increased among children with higher (odds ratio 2.02; P < .001) and later (odds ratio 1.26; P = .02) infancy peak BMI. Conclusions: We demonstrate sex- and ancestry-specific differences in infancy BMI and an association of infancy peak BMI with childhood BMI. These findings support the potential utility of infancy BMI to identify children younger than age 2 years with increased risk for later obesity. PMID:25636051

Perceptions and attitudes about body weight and adherence to the physical activity recommendation among adolescents: the moderating role of body mass index.

PubMed

Sampasa-Kanyinga, H; Hamilton, H A; Willmore, J; Chaput, J-P

2017-05-01

We examined the associations between perceptions and attitudes about body weight and adherence to the physical activity recommendation (PAR) for adolescents to achieve ≥60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and tested whether body mass index (BMI) was a moderator of these relationships. Cross-sectional survey. Self-reported data from Canadian adolescents (n = 4299) who participated in the 2013 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey were analysed. Dissatisfaction with body weight was associated with lower odds of adherence to the PAR (odds ratio [OR]: 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.55-0.99). More specifically, those who perceived themselves as overweight/obese had lower odds of adherence to the PAR (OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.42-0.81) compared with those who think they were about the right weight. Those who were trying to gain weight were more likely to adhere to the PAR (OR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.29-2.86) compared to those who were doing nothing about their body weight. BMI was a significant moderator of the association between dissatisfaction with body weight and adherence to the PAR. At low BMI, there were no differences in the adherence to the PAR between adolescents who were dissatisfied with their body weight or not. At high BMI, adolescents who were dissatisfied with their body weight were less likely to adhere to the PAR than those who were not dissatisfied with their weight. Results were not different between males and females. Results suggest that adolescents who are dissatisfied with their body weight have lower adherence to the PAR, particularly those who are overweight or obese. Copyright © 2017 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A prospective study of the natural history of urinary incontinence in women.

PubMed

Hagan, Kaitlin A; Erekson, Elisabeth; Austin, Andrea; Minassian, Vatche A; Townsend, Mary K; Bynum, Julie P W; Grodstein, Francine

2018-05-01

Symptoms of urinary incontinence are commonly perceived to vary over time; yet, there is limited quantitative evidence regarding the natural history of urinary incontinence, especially over the long term. We sought to delineate the course of urinary incontinence symptoms over time, using 2 large cohorts of middle-aged and older women, with data collected over 10 years. We studied 9376 women from the Nurses' Health Study, age 56-81 years at baseline, and 7491 women from the Nurses' Health Study II, age 39-56 years, with incident urinary incontinence in 2002 through 2003. Urinary incontinence severity was measured by the Sandvik severity index. We tracked persistence, progression, remission, and improvement of symptoms over 10 years. We also examined risk factors for urinary incontinence progression using logistic regression models. Among women age 39-56 years, 39% had slight, 45% had moderate, and 17% had severe urinary incontinence at onset. Among women age 56-81 years, 34% had slight, 45% had moderate, and 21% had severe urinary incontinence at onset. Across ages, most women reported persistence or progression of symptoms over follow-up; few (3-11%) reported remission. However, younger women and women with less severe urinary incontinence at onset were more likely to report remission or improvement of symptoms. We found that increasing age was associated with higher odds of progression only among older women (age 75-81 vs 56-60 years; odds ratio, 1.84; 95% confidence interval, 1.51-2.25). Among all women, higher body mass index was strongly associated with progression (younger women: odds ratio, 2.37; 95% confidence interval, 2.00-2.81; body mass index ≥30 vs <25 kg/m 2 ; older women: odds ratio, 1.93; 95% confidence interval, 1.62-2.22). Additionally, greater physical activity was associated with lower odds of progression to severe urinary incontinence (younger women: odds ratio, 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.71-1.03; highest vs lowest quartile of activity; older women: odds ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.59-0.80). Most women with incident urinary incontinence continued to experience symptoms over 10 years; few had complete remission. Identification of risk factors for urinary incontinence progression, such as body mass index and physical activity, could be important for reducing symptoms over time. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Should waist circumference be used to identify metabolic disorders than BMI in South Korea?

PubMed

Lee, S-K

2010-11-01

Although indicators of central obesity have been suggested as a better alternative to body mass index (BMI), yet mixed results exist. This study examined whether waist circumference (WC) was better in identifying metabolic disorders than BMI at two time points. This study used nationally representative 1998 and 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data sets. Odds ratios from logistic regressions and area under the curves (AUC) were calculated. BMI and WC showed similar level of odds ratios (1.1-1.6) to diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and having two or three metabolic syndrome criteria. The AUC comparison, however, indicated that, in only women, WC was a better discriminator for diabetes, hypertension and having two or three metabolic syndrome criteria. No meaningful differences were found between 1998 and 2005. Prospective studies to weigh practical and clinical relevance are needed to assert the use of WC over BMI in clinical and public health settings.

Differential effects of saturated fatty acids on the risk of metabolic syndrome: a matched case-control and meta-analysis study.

PubMed

Yang, Wei-Sin; Chen, Pei-Chun; Hsu, Hsiu-Ching; Su, Ta-Chen; Lin, Hung-Ju; Chen, Ming-Fong; Lee, Yuan-Teh; Chien, Kuo-Liong

2018-06-01

We investigated the association between plasma saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and the risk of metabolic syndrome among ethnic Chinese adults in Taiwan who attended a health check-up center. A case-control study based on 1000 cases of metabolic syndrome and 1:1 matched control participants (mean age, 54.9 ± 10.7 y; 36% females) were recruited. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation. Gas chromatography was used to measure the distribution of fatty acids in plasma (% of total fatty acids). Even-chain SFAs, including 14:0, 16:0, and 18:0, were associated with metabolic syndrome; the adjusted odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [CI] per standard deviation [SD] difference was 3.32, [1.98-5.59]; however, very-long-chain SFAs, including 20:0, 21:0, 22:0, 23:0, and 24:0, were inversely associated with metabolic syndrome. The adjusted OR [95% CI] per SD difference was 0.67 [0.58-0.78]. The area under the receiver operative characteristic curve increased from 0.814 in the basic model to 0.815 (p = 0.54, compared with the basic model), 0.818 (p < 0.0001), and 0.820 (p < 0.0001) after adding odd-chain, even-chain, and very-long chain SFAs. A meta-analysis based on 12 studies showed that the summarized OR for type 2 diabetes mellitus was 1.16 [0.96-1.41] for the top versus bottom SFAs. Different carbon numbers of SFAs have been shown to have differential effects on the status of metabolic syndrome, implying that SFAs are not homogenous for the effects. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Combining universal and odd RR axions for aligned natural inflation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gao, Xin; Li, Tianjun; Shukla, Pramod, E-mail: xingao@vt.edu, E-mail: tli@itp.ac.cn, E-mail: pkshukla@to.infn.it

2014-10-01

We successfully embed the Kim-Nilles-Peloso (KNP) alignment mechanism for enhancing the axion decay constant in the context of large volume type IIB orientifolds. The flat direction is generated in the plane of (C{sub 0}-C{sub 2}) axions corresponding to the involutively even universal axion C{sub 0} and odd axion C{sub 2}, respectively. The moduli stabilization with large volume scheme has been established as well.

Do race, ethnicity, and psychiatric diagnoses matter in the prevalence of multiple chronic medical conditions?

PubMed

Cabassa, Leopoldo J; Humensky, Jennifer; Druss, Benjamin; Lewis-Fernández, Roberto; Gomes, Arminda P; Wang, Shuai; Blanco, Carlos

2013-06-01

The proportion of people in the United States with multiple chronic medical conditions (MCMC) is increasing. Yet, little is known about the relationship that race, ethnicity, and psychiatric disorders have on the prevalence of MCMCs in the general population. This study used data from wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (N=33,107). Multinomial logistic regression models adjusting for sociodemographic variables, body mass index, and quality of life were used to examine differences in the 12-month prevalence of MCMC by race/ethnicity, psychiatric diagnosis, and the interactions between race/ethnicity and psychiatric diagnosis. Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics reported lower odds of MCMC and African Americans reported higher odds of MCMC after adjusting for covariates. People with psychiatric disorders reported higher odds of MCMC compared with people without psychiatric disorders. There were significant interactions between race and psychiatric diagnosis associated with rates of MCMC. In the presence of certain psychiatric disorders, the odds of MCMC were higher among African Americans with psychiatric disorders compared to non-Hispanic Whites with similar psychiatric disorders. Our study results indicate that race, ethnicity, and psychiatric disorders are associated with the prevalence of MCMC. As the rates of MCMC rise, it is critical to identify which populations are at increased risk and how to best direct services to address their health care needs.

Adjustment of measures of strength and power in youth male athletes differing in body mass and maturation.

PubMed

Meylan, Cesar Marius; Cronin, John; Hopkins, Will G; Oliver, Jonathan

2014-02-01

Adjustment for body mass and maturation of strength, power, and velocity measures of young athletes is important for talent development. Seventy-four youth male athletes performed a ballistic leg press test at five loads relative to body mass. The data were analyzed in maturity groups based on years from peak height velocity: -2.5 to -0.9 y (n = 29); -1.0 to 0.4 y (n = 28); and 0.5 to 2.0 y (n = 16). Allometric scaling factors representing percent difference in performance per percent difference in body mass were derived by linear regression of log-transformed variables, which also permitted adjustment of performance for body mass. Standardized differences between groups were assessed via magnitude-based inference. Strength and power measures showed a greater dependency on body mass than velocity-related variables (scaling factors of 0.56-0.85 vs. 0.42-0.14%/%), but even after adjustment for body mass most differences in strength and power were substantial (7-44%). In conclusion, increases in strength and power with maturation are due only partly to increases in body mass. Such increases, along with appropriate adjustment for body mass, need to be taken into account when comparing performance of maturing athletes.

Complex Copy Number Variation of AMY1 does not Associate with Obesity in two East Asian Cohorts.

PubMed

Yong, Rita Y Y; Mustaffa, Su'Aidah B; Wasan, Pavandip S; Sheng, Liang; Marshall, Christian R; Scherer, Stephen W; Teo, Yik-Ying; Yap, Eric P H

2016-07-01

The human amylase gene locus at chromosome 1p21.1 is structurally complex. This region contains two pancreatic amylase genes, AMY2B, AMY2A, and a salivary gene AMY1. The AMY1 gene harbors extensive copy number variation (CNV), and recent studies have implicated this variation in adaptation to starch-rich diets and in association to obesity for European and Asian populations. In this study, we showed that by combining quantitative PCR and digital PCR, coupled with careful experimental design and calibration, we can improve the resolution of genotyping CNV with high copy numbers (CNs). In two East Asian populations of Chinese and Malay ethnicity studied, we observed a unique non-normal distribution of AMY1 diploid CN genotypes with even:odd CNs ratio of 4.5 (3.3-4.7), and an association between the common AMY2A CN = 2 genotype and odd CNs of AMY1, that could be explained by the underlying haplotypic structure. In two further case-control cohorts (n = 932 and 145, for Chinese and Malays, respectively), we did not observe the previously reported association between AMY1 and obesity or body mass index. Improved methods for accurately genotyping multiallelic CNV loci and understanding the haplotype complexity at the AMY1 locus are necessary for population genetics and association studies. © 2016 WILEY PERIODICALS, INC.

Factors Affecting Mercury Stable Isotopic Distribution in Piscivorous Fish of the Laurentian Great Lakes.

PubMed

Lepak, Ryan F; Janssen, Sarah E; Yin, Runsheng; Krabbenhoft, David P; Ogorek, Jacob M; DeWild, John F; Tate, Michael T; Holsen, Thomas M; Hurley, James P

2018-03-06

Identifying the sources of methylmercury (MeHg) and tracing the transformations of mercury (Hg) in the aquatic food web are important components of effective strategies for managing current and legacy Hg sources. In our previous work, we measured stable isotopes of Hg (δ 202 Hg, Δ 199 Hg, and Δ 200 Hg) in the Laurentian Great Lakes and estimated source contributions of Hg to bottom sediment. Here, we identify isotopically distinct Hg signatures for Great Lakes trout ( Salvelinus namaycush) and walleye ( Sander vitreus), driven by both food-web and water-quality characteristics. Fish contain high values for odd-isotope mass independent fractionation (MIF) with averages ranging from 2.50 (western Lake Erie) to 6.18‰ (Lake Superior) in Δ 199 Hg. The large range in odd-MIF reflects variability in the depth of the euphotic zone, where Hg is most likely incorporated into the food web. Even-isotope MIF (Δ 200 Hg), a potential tracer for Hg from precipitation, appears both disconnected from lake sedimentary sources and comparable in fish among the five lakes. We suggest that similar to the open ocean, water-column methylation also occurs in the Great Lakes, possibly transforming recently deposited atmospheric Hg deposition. We conclude that the degree of photochemical processing of Hg is controlled by phytoplankton uptake rather than by dissolved organic carbon quantity among lakes.

Association Between Hospitals Caring for a Disproportionately High Percentage of Minority Trauma Patients and Increased Mortality

PubMed Central

Haider, Adil H.; Ong’uti, Sharon; Efron, David T.; Oyetunji, Tolulope A.; Crandall, Marie L.; Scott, Valerie K.; Haut, Elliott R.; Schneider, Eric B.; Powe, Neil R.; Cooper, Lisa A.; Cornwell, Edward E.

2012-01-01

Objective To determine whether there is an increased odds of mortality among trauma patients treated at hospitals with higher proportions of minority patients (ie, black and Hispanic patients combined). Design Hospitals were categorized on the basis of the percentage of minority patients admitted with trauma. The adjusted odds of in-hospital mortality were compared between hospitals with less than 25% of patients who were minorities (the reference group) and hospitals with 25% to 50% of patients who were minorities and hospitals with more than 50% of patients who were minorities. Multivariate logistic regression (with generalized linear modeling and a cluster-correlated robust estimate of variance) was used to control for multiple patient and injury severity characteristics. Setting A total of 434 hospitals in the National Trauma Data Bank. Participants Patients aged 18 to 64 years whose medical records were included in the National Trauma Data Bank for the years 2007 and 2008 with an Injury Severity Score of 9 or greater and who were white, black, or Hispanic. Main Outcome Measures Crude mortality and adjusted odds of in-hospital mortality. Results A total of 311 568 patients were examined. Hospitals in which the percentage of minority patients was more than 50% also had younger patients, fewer female patients, more patients with penetrating trauma, and the highest crude mortality. After adjustment for potential confounders, patients treated at hospitals in which the percentage of minority patients was 25% to 50% and at hospitals in which the percentage of minority patients was more than 50% demonstrated increased odds of death (adjusted odds ratio, 1.16 [95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.34] and adjusted odds ratio, 1.37 [95% confidence interval, 1.16–1.61], respectively), compared with the reference group. This disparity increased further on subset analysis of patients with a blunt injury. Uninsured patients had significantly increased odds of mortality within all 3 hospital groups. Conclusions Patients treated at hospitals with higher proportions of minority trauma patients have increased odds of dying, even after adjusting for potential confounders. Differences in outcomes between trauma hospitals may partly explain racial disparities. PMID:21930976

Selected topics on dynamical symmetry breaking

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Veldhuis, W.T.A.

1993-12-31

In chapter 2 the fermion number induced by nontrivial topological configurations in the O(3) nonlinear {sigma} model in 2 + 1 dimensions is studied in the presence of a parity breaking fermion mass term. We consider a scalar background configuration that adiabatically evolves from the normal vacuum to a soliton of winding number unity. The appearance of zero energy modes is analyzed as a function of the relative magnitudes of the explicit, odd parity, fermion mass, m{sub odd}, the fermion mass induced by the Yukawa coupling, m{sub Y}, and the inverse soliton width, 1/{rho}{sub s}. We find {rho}{sub c}, themore » maximum value of {rho} = {rho}{sub s}m{sub Y} for which a fermion zero energy level crossing occurs during the adiabatical evolution. We obtain that whenever the ratio M{sub f} = m{sub odd}/m{sub Y} < 1 and {rho} > {rho}{sub c}(M{sub f}) the ground state charge of the soliton is wholly determined by its topological charge. Otherwise, it vanishes. In chapter 3 the top quark mass prediction in supersymmetric top condensate models is found to be insensitive to the inclusion of the effects of higher dimensional operators. For associated coefficients of characteristically moderate strength, the supersymmetric renormalization group trajectories are strongly focused to the infrared quasi-fixed point of the top Yukawa coupling constant. In chapter 4 the sensitivity of the top quark and Higgs boson masses in the top condensate model to two loop radiative corrections is studied. Both the top quark and the Higgs boson masses vary by a few GeV with respect to their values in the one loop calculation. Finally, in chapter 5 an upper bound on the mass of the lightest neutral scalar Higgs boson is calculated in an extended version of the minimal supersymmetric standard model that contains an additional Higgs singlet.« less

Racial and ethnic differences in outcomes in older patients with acute ischemic stroke.

PubMed

Qian, Feng; Fonarow, Gregg C; Smith, Eric E; Xian, Ying; Pan, Wenqin; Hannan, Edward L; Shaw, Benjamin A; Glance, Laurent G; Peterson, Eric D; Eapen, Zubin J; Hernandez, Adrian F; Schwamm, Lee H; Bhatt, Deepak L

2013-05-01

Little is known as to whether long-term outcomes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) vary by race/ethnicity. Using the American Heart Association Get With The Guidelines-Stroke registry linked with Medicare claims data set, we examined whether 30-day and 1-year outcomes differed by race/ethnicity among older patients with AIS. We analyzed 200 900 patients with AIS >65 years of age (170 694 non-Hispanic whites, 85.0%; 20 514 non-Hispanic blacks, 10.2%; 6632 Hispanics, 3.3%; 3060 non-Hispanic Asian Americans, 1.5%) from 926 US centers participating in the Get With The Guidelines-Stroke program from April 2003 through December 2008. Compared with whites, other racial and ethnic groups were on average younger and had a higher median score on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. Whites had higher 30-day unadjusted mortality than other groups (white versus black versus Hispanic versus Asian=15.0% versus 9.9% versus 11.9% versus 11.1%, respectively). Whites also had higher 1-year unadjusted mortality (31.7% versus 28.6% versus 28.1% versus 23.9%, respectively) but lower 1-year unadjusted all-cause rehospitalization (54.7% versus 62.5% versus 60.0% versus 48.6%, respectively). After risk adjustment, Asian American patients with AIS had lower 30-day and 1-year mortality than white, black, and Hispanic patients. Relative to whites, black and Hispanic patients had higher adjusted 1-year all-cause rehospitalization (black: adjusted odds ratio, 1.28 [95% confidence interval, 1.21-1.37]; Hispanic: adjusted odds ratio, 1.22 [95% confidence interval, 1.11-1.35]), whereas Asian patients had lower odds (adjusted odds ratio, 0.83 [95% confidence interval, 0.74-0.94]). Among older Medicare beneficiaries with AIS, there were significant differences in long-term outcomes by race/ethnicity, even after adjustment for stroke severity, other prognostic variables, and hospital characteristics.

Testing supersymmetry in the associated production of CP-odd and charged Higgs bosons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kanemura, Shinya; Yuan, C.-P.

2002-03-01

In the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM), the masses of the charged Higgs boson (H±) and the CP-odd scalar (A) are related by MH+2=MA2+mW2. Furthermore, because the coupling of W--A-H+ is fixed by gauge interaction, the tree level production rate of qq¯‧→W±∗→AH± depends only on one supersymmetry parameter—the mass (MA) of A. We show that to a good approximation this conclusion also holds at the one-loop level. Consequently, this process can be used to distinguish MSSM from its alternatives (such as a general two-Higgs-doublet model) by verifying the above mass relation, and to test the prediction of the MSSM on the product of the decay branching ratios of A and H± in terms of only one single parameter—MA.

Polypharmacy as a Risk Factor for Clinically Relevant Sarcopenia: Results From the Berlin Aging Study II.

PubMed

König, Maximilian; Spira, Dominik; Demuth, Ilja; Steinhagen-Thiessen, Elisabeth; Norman, Kristina

2017-12-12

Sarcopenia affects more than 10% of older adults. Next to age-associated physiologic changes, diseases like diabetes or inflammatory, neurological, malignant and endocrine disorders may contribute to the development of sarcopenia. Likewise, polypharmacy, i.e., multiple drug use, is common among older adults. Although the two conditions frequently co-occur, the association of polypharmacy with sarcopenia has not yet been examined. We investigated the association of polypharmacy and sarcopenia in a large cohort of community-dwelling older adults (60-84 years). Thousand five hundred and two participants from the Berlin Aging Study II were included. Polypharmacy was defined as concurrent use of 5 or more drugs (prescription and nonprescription). Body composition was assessed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and appendicular lean mass (ALM) was calculated as sum of the four limbs' lean mass. Sarcopenia was defined as low ALM-to-body mass index (BMI)-ratio using validated sex-specific cutoffs. Mean age was 68.7 ± 3.7 years, 50.7% were female. The median (interquartile range) number of drugs was 2 (1-4); 21.1% of subjects reported regular use of ≥5 drugs. Subjects with polypharmacy were more often sarcopenic according to the applied ALM/BMI-cutoffs (16.3% vs 6.9%, p < 0.001), with a higher BMI (p < 0.001) and lower ALM/BMI (p < 0.001), but no significant difference in mean ALM. Notably, polypharmacy was also associated with higher rates of reduced gait speed and exhaustion. Even after multivariable adjustment (sex, age, comorbid conditions and physical activity) polypharmacy was consistently associated with a significantly increased likelihood of sarcopenia (odds ratio = 2.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.33-3.75). Polypharmacy is associated with clinically relevant sarcopenia, as assessed by a low ALM/BMI. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Intercenter Differences in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia or Death Among Very Low Birth Weight Infants

PubMed Central

Walsh, Michele; Bobashev, Georgiy; Das, Abhik; Levine, Burton; Carlo, Waldemar A.; Higgins, Rosemary D.

2011-01-01

OBJECTIVES: To determine (1) the magnitude of clustering of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (36 weeks) or death (the outcome) across centers of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child and Human Development National Research Network, (2) the infant-level variables associated with the outcome and estimate their clustering, and (3) the center-specific practices associated with the differences and build predictive models. METHODS: Data on neonates with a birth weight of <1250 g from the cluster-randomized benchmarking trial were used to determine the magnitude of clustering of the outcome according to alternating logistic regression by using pairwise odds ratio and predictive modeling. Clinical variables associated with the outcome were identified by using multivariate analysis. The magnitude of clustering was then evaluated after correction for infant-level variables. Predictive models were developed by using center-specific and infant-level variables for data from 2001 2004 and projected to 2006. RESULTS: In 2001–2004, clustering of bronchopulmonary dysplasia/death was significant (pairwise odds ratio: 1.3; P < .001) and increased in 2006 (pairwise odds ratio: 1.6; overall incidence: 52%; range across centers: 32%–74%); center rates were relatively stable over time. Variables that varied according to center and were associated with increased risk of outcome included lower body temperature at NICU admission, use of prophylactic indomethacin, specific drug therapy on day 1, and lack of endotracheal intubation. Center differences remained significant even after correction for clustered variables. CONCLUSION: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia/death rates demonstrated moderate clustering according to center. Clinical variables associated with the outcome were also clustered. Center differences after correction of clustered variables indicate presence of as-yet unmeasured center variables. PMID:21149431

Unsupervised classification of scattering behavior using radar polarimetry data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Van Zyl, Jakob J.

1989-01-01

The use of an imaging radar polarimeter data for unsupervised classification of scattering behavior is described by comparing the polarization properties of each pixel in a image to that of simple classes of scattering such as even number of reflections, odd number of reflections, and diffuse scattering. For example, when this algorithm is applied to data acquired over the San Francisco Bay area in California, it classifies scattering by the ocean as being similar to that predicted by the class of odd number of reflections, scattering by the urban area as being similar to that predicted by the class of even number of reflections, and scattering by the Golden Gate Park as being similar to that predicted by the diffuse scattering class. It also classifies the scattering by a lighthouse in the ocean and boats on the ocean surface as being similar to that predicted by the even number of reflections class, making it easy to identify these objects against the background of the surrounding ocean. The algorithm is also applied to forested areas and shows that scattering from clear-cut areas and agricultural fields is mostly similar to that predicted by the odd number of reflections class, while the scattering from tree-covered areas generally is classified as being a mixture of pixels exhibiting the characteristics of all three classes, although each pixel is identified with only a single class.

Quaternionic (super) twistors extensions and general superspaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cirilo-Lombardo, Diego Julio; Pervushin, Victor N.

2017-09-01

In a attempt to treat a supergravity as a tensor representation, the four-dimensional N-extended quaternionic superspaces are constructed from the (diffeomorphyc) graded extension of the ordinary Penrose-twistor formulation, performed in a previous work of the authors [D. J. Cirilo-Lombardo and V. N. Pervushin, Int. J. Geom. Methods Mod. Phys., doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0219887816501139.], with N = p + k. These quaternionic superspaces have 4 + k(N - k) even-quaternionic coordinates and 4N odd-quaternionic coordinates, where each coordinate is a quaternion composed by four ℂ-fields (bosons and fermions respectively). The fields content as the dimensionality (even and odd sectors) of these superspaces are given and exemplified by selected physical cases. In this case, the number of fields of the supergravity is determined by the number of components of the tensor representation of the four-dimensional N-extended quaternionic superspaces. The role of tensorial central charges for any N even USp(N) = Sp(N, ℍℂ) ∩ U(N, ℍℂ) is elucidated from this theoretical context.

The development of product parity sensitivity in children with mathematics learning disability and in typical achievers.

PubMed

Rotem, Avital; Henik, Avishai

2013-02-01

Parity helps us determine whether an arithmetic equation is true or false. The current research examines the development of sensitivity to parity cues in multiplication in typically achieving (TA) children (grades 2, 3, 4 and 6) and in children with mathematics learning disabilities (MLD, grades 6 and 8), via a verification task. In TA children the onset of parity sensitivity was observed at the beginning of 3rd grade, whereas in children with MLD it was documented only in 8th grade. These results suggest that children with MLD develop parity aspects of number sense, though later than TA children. To check the plausibility of equations, children used mainly the multiplication parity rule rather than familiarity with even products. Similar to observations in adults, parity sensitivity was largest for problems with two even operands, moderate for problems with one even and one odd operand, and smallest for problems with two odd operands. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Distinguishing between MSSM and NMSSM through Δ F = 2 processes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, Jacky; Paraskevas, Michael

2016-10-01

We study deviations between MSSM and Z 3-invariant NMSSM, with respect to their predictions in Δ F = 2 processes. We find that potentially significant effects arise either from the well known double-penguin diagrams, due to the extra scalar NMSSM states, or from neutralino-gluino box contributions, due to the extended neutralino sector. Both are discussed to be effective in the large tan β regime. Enhanced genuine-NMSSM contributions in double penguins are expected for a light singlet spectrum (CP-even, CP-odd), while the magnitude of box effects is primarily controlled through singlino mixing. The latter is found to be typically subleading (but non-negligible) for λ ≲ 0 .5, however it can become dominant for λ ˜ O(1) . We also study the low tan β regime, where a distinction between MSSM and NMSSM can come instead due to experimental constraints, acting differently on the allowed parameter space of each model. To this end, we incorporate the LHC Run-I limits from H → Z Z, A → h Z and H ± → τ ν non-observation along with Higgs observables and set (different) upper bounds for new physics contributions in Δ F = 2 processes. We find that a ˜ 25% contribution in Δ M s( d) is still possible for MFV models, however such a large effect is nowadays severely constrained for the case of MSSM, due to stronger bounds on the charged Higgs masses.

Counting Triangles to Sum Squares

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DeMaio, Joe

2012-01-01

Counting complete subgraphs of three vertices in complete graphs, yields combinatorial arguments for identities for sums of squares of integers, odd integers, even integers and sums of the triangular numbers.

Alpha decay calculations with a new formula

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akrawy, D. T.; Poenaru, D. N.

2017-10-01

A new semi-empirical formula for calculations of α decay half-lives is presented. It was derived from the Royer relationship by introducing new parameters which are fixed by fit to a set of experimental data. We are using three sets: set A with 130 e-e (even-even), 119 e-o (even-odd), 109 o-e, and 96 o-o, set B with 188 e-e, 147 e-o, 131 o-e and 114 o-o, and set C with 136 e-e, 84 e-o, 76 o-e and 48 o-o alpha emitters. A comparison of results obtained with the new formula (newF) and the following well known relationships: semiempirical relationship based on fission theory (semFIS), analytical superasymmetric fission (ASAF) model and universal formula (UNIV) made in terms of rms standard deviation. We also introduced a weighted mean value of this quantity, allowing us to compare the global properties of a given model. For set B the order of the four models is the following: semFIS, UNIV, newF and ASAF. Nevertheless for even-even alpha emitters, UNIV gives the second best result after semFIS, and for odd-even parents the second is newF. Despite its simplicity in comparison with semFIS, newF, presented in this article, behaves quite well, competing with the other well known relationships.

From meatless Mondays to meatless Sundays: motivations for meat reduction among vegetarians and semi-vegetarians who mildly or significantly reduce their meat intake.

PubMed

De Backer, Charlotte J S; Hudders, Liselot

2014-01-01

This study explores vegetarians' and semi-vegetarians' motives for reducing their meat intake. Participants are categorized as vegetarians (remove all meat from their diet); semi-vegetarians (significantly reduce meat intake: at least three days a week); or light semi-vegetarians (mildly reduce meat intake: once or twice a week). Most differences appear between vegetarians and both groups of semi-vegetarians. Animal-rights and ecological concerns, together with taste preferences, predict vegetarianism, while an increase in health motives increases the odds of being semi-vegetarian. Even within each group, subgroups with different motives appear, and it is recommended that future researchers pay more attention to these differences.

Galactic CR in the Heliosphere according to NM data, 3. Results for even solar cycles 20 and 22.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dorman, L.; Dorman, I.; Iucci, N.; Parisi, M.; Villoresi, G.; Zukerman, I.

We found that the maximum of correlation coefficient between cosmic ray (CR) intensity and solar activity (SA) variations is occurred for even cycles 20 and 22 for about two-three times in the shorter time than for odd cycles 19 and 21. We came to conclusion that this difference is caused by CR drift effects: during even cycle drifts produced the small increasing of CR global modulation (additional to the caused by convection-diffusion mechanism) in the period from minimum to maximum of SA, and after the maximum of SA up to the minimum- about the same decreasing of CR modulation. This gives sufficient decreasing of observed time lag between CR and- SA in even solar cycles. We analyzed monthly and 11 months smoothed data of (CR) intensity observed by neutron monitors with different cut-off rigidities for even solar cycles 20 and 22. We use a special model described the connection between solar activity (characterized by monthly sunspot numbers) and CR convection- diff usion global modulation with taking into account time-lag of processes in the Heliosphere relative to the active processes on the Sun. For taking into account drifts we use models described in literature. In the first we correct observed long-term CR modulation on drifts with different amplitudes from 0 (no drifts), then 0.15%, 0.25%,... up to 4%. For each expected amplitude of drifts we determine the correlation coefficient between expected CR variations and observed by neutron monitors with different cut - off rigidities for different times of solar wind transportation from the Sun to the boundary of the modulation region from 1 to 60 average months (it corresponds approximately to dimension of modulation region from about 6 to 360 AU). We compare observed res ults for even solar cycles 20 and 22.

Propagation of waves in elliptic ducts. A theoretical study. [in view of jet engine compressor noise reduction

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baskaran, S.

1974-01-01

The cut-off frequencies for high order circumferential modes were calculated for various eccentricities of an elliptic duct section. The problem was studied with a view to the reduction of jet engine compressor noise by elliptic ducts, instead of circular ducts. The cut-off frequencies for even functions decrease with increasing eccentricity. The third order eigen frequencies are oscillatory as the eccentricity increases for odd functions. The eigen frequencies decrease for higher order odd functions inasmuch as, for higher orders, they assume the same values as those for even functions. Deformation of a circular pipe into an elliptic one of sufficiently large eccentricity produces only a small reduction in the cut-off frequency, provided the area of the pipe section is kept invariable.

Production of Odd-Carbon Dicarboxylic Acids in Escherichia coli Using an Engineered Biotin–Fatty Acid Biosynthetic Pathway

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Haushalter, Robert W.; Phelan, Ryan M.; Hoh, Kristina M.

Dicarboxylic acids are commodity chemicals used in the production of plastics, polyesters, nylons, fragrances, and medications. Bio-based routes to dicarboxylic acids are gaining attention due to environmental concerns about petroleum-based production of these compounds. Some industrial applications require dicarboxylic acids with specific carbon chain lengths, including odd-carbon species. Biosynthetic pathways involving cytochrome P450-catalyzed oxidation of fatty acids in yeast and bacteria have been reported, but these systems produce almost exclusively even-carbon species. Here in this paper we report a novel pathway to odd-carbon dicarboxylic acids directly from glucose in Escherichia coli by employing an engineered pathway combining enzymes from biotinmore » and fatty acid synthesis. Optimization of the pathway will lead to industrial strains for the production of valuable odd-carbon diacids.« less

Preterm birth among the Hmong, other Asian subgroups and non-Hispanic whites in California.

PubMed

Vang, Zoua M; Elo, Irma T; Nagano, Makoto

2015-08-21

We investigated very preterm (VPTB) and preterm birth (PTB) risk among Hmong women relative to non-Hispanic whites and other Asian subgroups. We also examined the maternal education health gradient across subgroups. California birth record data (2002-2004) were used to analyze 568,652 singleton births to white and Asian women. Pearson Chi-square and logistic regression were used to assess variation in maternal characteristics and VPTB/PTB risk by subgroup. White, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Asian Indian, and Vietnamese women had 36-59% lower odds of VPTB and 30-56% lower odds of PTB than Hmong women. Controls for covariates did not substantially diminish these disparities. Cambodian, Filipino and Lao/Thai women's odds of VPTB were similar to that of Hmong women. But they had higher adjusted odds of PTB compared to the Hmong. There was heterogeneity in the educational gradient of PTB, with significant differences between the least and most educated women among whites, Chinese, Japanese, Asian Indians, Cambodians, and Laoians/Thais. Maternal education was not associated with PTB for Hmong, Vietnamese and Korean women, however. Studies of Hmong infant health from the 1980s, the decade immediately following the group's mass migration to the US, found no significant differences in adverse birth outcomes between Hmong and white women. By the early 2000s, however, the disparities in VPTB and PTB between Hmong and white women, as well as between Hmong and other Asian women had become substantial. Moreover, despite gains in post-secondary education among childbearing-age Hmong women, the returns to education for the Hmong are negligible. Higher educational attainment does not confer the same health benefits for Hmong women as it does for whites and other Asian subgroups.

Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Outcomes Among Hospitalized Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia.

PubMed

Bramley, Anna M; Reed, Carrie; Finelli, Lyn; Self, Wesley H; Ampofo, Krow; Arnold, Sandra R; Williams, Derek J; Grijalva, Carlos G; Anderson, Evan J; Stockmann, Chris; Trabue, Christopher; Fakhran, Sherene; Balk, Robert; McCullers, Jonathan A; Pavia, Andrew T; Edwards, Kathryn M; Wunderink, Richard G; Jain, Seema

2017-06-15

The effect of body mass index (BMI) on community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) severity is unclear. We investigated the relationship between BMI and CAP outcomes (hospital length of stay [LOS], intensive care unit [ICU] admission, and invasive mechanical ventilation) in hospitalized CAP patients from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Etiology of Pneumonia in the Community (EPIC) study, adjusting for age, demographics, underlying conditions, and smoking status (adults only). Compared with normal-weight children, odds of ICU admission were higher in children who were overweight (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-2.8) or obese (aOR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.4-3.2), and odds of mechanical ventilation were higher in children with obesity (aOR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.3-5.6). When stratified by asthma (presence/absence), these findings remained significant only in children with asthma. Compared with normal-weight adults, odds of LOS >3 days were higher in adults who were underweight (aOR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.4), and odds of mechanical ventilation were lowest in adults who were overweight (aOR, 0.5; 95% CI, .3-.9). Children who were overweight or obese, particularly those with asthma, had higher odds of ICU admission or mechanical ventilation. In contrast, adults who were underweight had longer LOS. These results underscore the complex relationship between BMI and CAP outcomes. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2017. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.

Prelude to Cycle 23: The Case for a Fast-Rising, Large Amplitude Cycle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilson, Robert M.; Hathaway, David H.; Reichmann, Edwin J.

1996-01-01

For the common data-available interval of cycles 12 to 22, we show that annual averages of sunspot number for minimum years (R(min)) and maximum years (R(max)) and of the minimum value of the aa geomagnetic index in the vicinity of sunspot minimum (aa(min)) are consistent with the notion that each has embedded within its respective record a long-term, linear, secular increase. Extrapolating each of these fits to cycle 23, we infer that it will have R(min) = 12.7 +/- 5.7, R(max) = 176.7 +/- 61.8, and aa(min) = 21.0 +/- 5.0 (at the 95-percent level of confidence), suggesting that cycle 23 will have R(min) greater than 7.0, R(max) greater than 114.9, and aa(min) greater than 16.0 (at the 97.5-percent level of confidence). Such values imply that cycle 23 will be larger than average in size and, consequently (by the Waidmeier effect), will be a fast riser. We also infer from the R(max) and aa(min) records the existence of an even- odd cycle effect, one in which the odd-following cycle is numerically larger in value than the even-leading cycle. For cycle 23, the even-odd cycle effect suggests that R(max) greater than 157.6 and aa(min) greater than 19.0, values that were recorded for cycle 22, the even-leading cycle of the current even-odd cycle pair (cycles 22 and 23). For 1995, the annual average of the aa index measured about 22, while for sunspot number, it was about 18. Because aa(min) usually lags R(min) by 1 year (true for 8 of 11 cycles) and 1996 seems destined to be the year of R(min) for cycle 23, it may be that aa(min) will occur in 1997, although it could occur in 1996 in conjunction with R(min) (true for 3 of 11 cycles). Because of this ambiguity in determining aa(min), no formal prediction based on the correlation of R(max) against aa(min), having r = 0.90, or of R(max) against the combined effects of R(min) and aa(min)-the bivariate technique-having r = 0.99, is possible until 1997, at the earliest.

Nematic and chiral superconductivity induced by odd-parity fluctuations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wu, Fengcheng; Martin, Ivar

Recent experiments indicate that superconductivity in Bi 2Se 3 intercalated with Cu, Nb, or Sr is nematic with rotational symmetry breaking. Motivated by this observation, we present a model study of nematic and chiral superconductivity induced by odd-parity fluctuations. Additionally, we show that odd-parity fluctuations in the two-component E u representation of D 3d crystal point group can generate attractive interaction in both the even-parity s-wave and odd-parity E-u pairing channels, but repulsive interaction in other odd-parity pairing channels. Coulomb repulsion can suppress s-wave pairing relative to E u pairing, and thus the latter can have a higher critical temperature.more » E u pairing has two distinct phases: a nematic phase and a chiral phase, both of which can be realized in our model. Finally, when s-wave and E u pairings have similar instability temperature, we find an intermediate phase in which both types of pairing coexist.« less