Oil Dependence, Climate Change and Energy Security: Will Constraints on Oil Shape our Climate Future or Vice Versa?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mignone, B. K.

2008-12-01

Threats to US and global energy security take several forms. First, the overwhelming dependence on oil in the transport sector leaves the US economy (and others) vulnerable to supply shocks and price volatility. Secondly, the global dependence on oil inflates prices and enhances the transfer of wealth to authoritarian regimes. Finally, the global reliance on fossil fuels more generally jeopardizes the stability of the climate system. These three threats - economic, strategic and environmental - can only be mitigated through a gradual substitution away from fossil fuels (both coal and oil) on a global scale. Such large-scale substitution could occur in response to potential resource constraints or in response to coordinated government policies in which these externalities are explicitly internalized. Here, I make use of a well-known integrated assessment model (MERGE) to examine both possibilities. When resource limits are considered alone, global fuel use tends to shift toward even more carbon-intensive resources, like oil shale or liquids derived from coal. On the other hand, when explicit carbon constraints are imposed, the fuel sector response is more complex. Generally, less stringent climate targets can be satisfied entirely through reductions in global coal consumption, while more stringent targets require simultaneous reductions in both coal and oil consumption. Taken together, these model results suggest that resource constraints alone will only exacerbate the climate problem, while a subset of policy-driven carbon constraints may yield tangible security benefits (in the form of reduced global oil consumption) in addition to the intended environmental outcome.

78 FR 43959 - In the Matter of American Technologies Group, Inc., Bonanza Oil & Gas, Inc., and Gulf Coast Oil...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-22

..., Inc., Bonanza Oil & Gas, Inc., and Gulf Coast Oil & Gas, Inc.; Order of Suspension of Trading July 18... Commission that there is a lack of current and accurate information concerning the securities of Bonanza Oil... concerning the securities of Gulf Coast Oil & Gas, Inc. because it has not filed any periodic reports since...

Future sustainability forecasting by exchange markets: basic theory and an application.

PubMed

Malyshkina, Nataliya; Niemeier, Deb

2010-12-01

Setting sustainability targets and evaluating systems progress are of great importance nowadays due to threats to the human society, to economic development and to ecosystems, posed by unsustainable human activities. This research establishes a probabilistic theoretical approach based on market expectations reflected in prices of publicly traded securities to estimate the time horizon until the appearance of new technologies related to replacement of nonrenewable resources, for example, crude oil and oil products. To assess time T when technological innovations are likely to appear, we apply advanced pricing equations, based on a stochastic discount factor to those traded securities whose future cash flows critically depend on appearance of such innovations. In a simple approximation of the proposed approach applied to replacement of crude oil and oil products, we obtain T ≈ (P(0)(oil)/C(0))·ln (Δ·P(0)(oil)/P(0)(alt)), where P(0)(oil) and P(0)(alt) are the current aggregate market capitalizations of oil and alternative-energy companies, C(0) is the annual aggregate dividends that oil companies pay to their shareholders at the present, and Δ is the fraction of the oil (oil products) replaced at time T. This formula gives T ≈ 131 years for replacement of gasoline and diesel. The proposed market-expectations approach may allow policymakers to effectively develop policies and plan for long-term changes.

Canada's new national energy program on oil and gas: What are the main provisions? What are the reactions so far?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Burr, K. K.

1981-04-01

The Canadian federal government announced a National Energy Program (NEP) for oil and natural gas to achieve energy self sufficiency. The program deals with two major political and economic influences in Canadian energy: provincial ownership of natural resources and 70% of foreign ownership in the Canadian petroleum industry. The objectives to achieve national energy security, create opportunities for Canadian participation, and share resource benefits among the provinces. The major provisions include: a 80% federal tax on oil and gas production; a natural gas federal excise tax; a pricing scheme which holds conventional oil prices down but gives incentives for oil sands, heavy oil, and tertiary recovery production; a gas pricing scheme which encourages substitution of gas for oil; a 25% carried interest for the government on federal leases; and a Canadianization incentives grant system which replace the depletion allowance system.

Network Vulnerability Assessment of the U.S. Crude Pipeline Infrastructure

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-09-01

56 Clanton, “Oklahoma Oil Hub Helps Keep Oil Prices from Going Higher.” 57 Donald Furgeson, John Mahoney , and Brett Warfield...Vulnerability Assessment Matrix of the COTH.58 58 Furgeson, Mahoney , and Warfield, Security...Steinhäusler et al., “Security Risks to the Oil and Gas Industry: Terrorist Capabilities.” 71 Furgeson, Mahoney , and Warfield, Security Vulnerability

Cyber Vulnerabilities Within Critical Infrastructure: The Flaws of Industrial Control Systems in the Oil and Gas Industry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alpi, Danielle Marie

The 16 sectors of critical infrastructure in the US are susceptible to cyber-attacks. Potential attacks come from internal and external threats. These attacks target the industrial control systems (ICS) of companies within critical infrastructure. Weakness in the energy sector's ICS, specifically the oil and gas industry, can result in economic and ecological disaster. The purpose of this study was to establish means for oil companies to identify and stop cyber-attacks specifically APT threats. This research reviewed current cyber vulnerabilities and ways in which a cyber-attack may be deterred. This research found that there are insecure devices within ICS that are not regularly updated. Therefore, security issues have amassed. Safety procedures and training thereof are often neglected. Jurisdiction is unclear in regard to critical infrastructure. The recommendations this research offers are further examination of information sharing methods, development of analytic platforms, and better methods for the implementation of defense-in-depth security measures.

Oil market power and United States national security

PubMed Central

Stern, Roger

2006-01-01

It is widely believed that an oil weapon could impose scarcity upon the United States. Impending resource exhaustion is thought to exacerbate this threat. However, threat seems implausible when we consider strategic deficits of prospective weapon users and the improbability of impending resource exhaustion. Here, we explore a hypothesis relating oil to national security under a different assumption, abundance. We suggest that an oil cartel exerts market power to keep abundance at bay, commanding monopoly rents [or wealth transfers (wt)] that underwrite security threats. We then compare security threats attributed to the oil weapon to those that may arise from market power. We first reexamine whether oil is abundant or scarce by reviewing current development data, then we estimate a competitive price for oil. From this, we derive wt2004 collections by Persian Gulf states ≈ $132-178 × 109. We find that wt and the behavior of states collecting it interact to actuate security threats. Threats underwritten by wt are (i) the potential for emergence of a Persian Gulf superpower and (ii) terrorism. It is therefore oil market power, not oil per se, that actuates threats. We also describe a paradox in the relation of market power to the United States' defense doctrine of force projection to preempt a Gulf superpower. Because the superpower threat derives from wt, force alone cannot preempt it. A further paradox is that because foreign policy is premised on oil weapon fear, market power is appeased. Threats thereby grow unimpeded. PMID:16428291

17 CFR 229.1204 - (Item 1204) Oil and gas production, production prices and production costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false (Item 1204) Oil and gas production, production prices and production costs. 229.1204 Section 229.1204 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION STANDARD INSTRUCTIONS FOR FILING FORMS UNDER SECURITIES ACT OF...

17 CFR 229.1201 - (Item 1201) General instructions to oil and gas industry-specific disclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false (Item 1201) General instructions to oil and gas industry-specific disclosures. 229.1201 Section 229.1201 Commodity and Securities... instructions to oil and gas industry-specific disclosures. (a) If oil and gas producing activities are material...

17 CFR 229.1201 - (Item 1201) General instructions to oil and gas industry-specific disclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false (Item 1201) General instructions to oil and gas industry-specific disclosures. 229.1201 Section 229.1201 Commodity and Securities... instructions to oil and gas industry-specific disclosures. (a) If oil and gas producing activities are material...

33 CFR 149.125 - What are the requirements for the malfunction detection system?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) Each oil and natural gas system, between a pumping platform complex and the shore, must have a system... malfunction detection system? 149.125 Section 149.125 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) DEEPWATER PORTS DEEPWATER PORTS: DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND EQUIPMENT...

33 CFR 149.125 - What are the requirements for the malfunction detection system?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) Each oil and natural gas system, between a pumping platform complex and the shore, must have a system... malfunction detection system? 149.125 Section 149.125 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) DEEPWATER PORTS DEEPWATER PORTS: DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND EQUIPMENT...

China’s Oil Security Pipe Dream: The Reality, and Strategic Consequences, of Seaborne Imports

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

of Chi- na’s push for pipelines mirror the “Going Out” oil security strategy, in which the state oil companies cultivated fears of oil insecurity in...War College Review 61, no. 2 (Spring 2008), pp. 79–95. 71. See ibid. 72. For further analysis, see Vitaly Kozyrev , “China’s Continental Energy

Why the poor pay with their lives: oil pipeline vandalisation, fires and human security in Nigeria.

PubMed

Onuoha, Freedom C

2009-07-01

Since its discovery in Nigeria in 1956 crude oil has been a source of mixed blessing to the country. It is believed to have generated enormous wealth, but it has also claimed a great many lives. Scholarly attention on the impact of oil on security in Nigeria has largely focused on internal conflicts rather than on how disasters associated with oil pipeline vandalisation have impacted on human security in terms of causing bodily injuries and death, destroying livelihoods and fracturing families. This paper examines how pipeline vandalisation affects human security in these ways. It identifies women and children as those who are hardest hit and questions why the poor are the most vulnerable in oil pipeline disasters in this country. It recommends the adoption of a comprehensive and integrated framework of disaster management that will ensure prompt response to key early warning signs, risk-reduction and appropriate mitigation and management strategies.

75 FR 11841 - Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request; Short Supply Regulations, Petroleum (Crude Oil)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-12

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Industry and Security Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request; Short Supply Regulations, Petroleum (Crude Oil) AGENCY: Bureau of Industry and Security. ACTION... supporting documentation for license applications to export petroleum (crude oil) and is used by licensing...

Threats to US energy security: the challenge of Arab oil

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Phillips, J.

1979-08-13

Assured access to foreign oil supplies is a vital national interest of the United States which has been repeatedly jeopardized in the 1970s and one that will face additional critical challenges in the 1980s. This paper identifies and analyzes various threats to US energy security both in terms of their past use and future usability. Since the most ominous threat to US energy security is posed in connection with the Arab-Israeli conflict, the paper focuses on the Arab oil weapon, although the energy-security implications of the Iranian revolution are also assessed.

The relationships between public and private pension schemes: an introductory overview.

PubMed

Horlick, M

1987-07-01

Only recently have social insurance and private pensions, collectively, come to be thought of in terms of a total social security benefit package. The economic problems brought on by the 1974 oil crisis initially triggered consideration of a common, integrated role for the two systems. The second oil crisis reinforced the relative expansion in private pension programs, as a supplement to social security. Before these events, private and public pension programs interacted in only a limited number of ways, confined to relatively few countries. These interactions were largely confined to collective bargaining, whereby private pensions were gradually extended to nearly all employees in France and Sweden; mandating, or legally requiring private supplementation of social security, debated in several countries in the early 1970's, but postponed by the 1974 oil crisis; and contracting out, or covering a part of the social security benefit under a private plan, as in the United Kingdom. Overall, the tradition of private pensions was not very strong or broadbased. The current debate centers on which public/private pension mix is desirable from the point of view of an old-age income-maintenance program. A new element is the rising support for a "third pillar"--individual tax-encouraged savings--not only as a supplement, but as an alternative to social insurance.

Securities law: the spreading fire of investor claims

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mouer, R.

All states now have a Blue Skylaw, a statute regulating the sale of securities to persons within that state. These laws define oil and gas interests to be securities and improve regulations upon their sale. The securities laws require that whenever oil and gas interests are sold, the person selling must register the interests and must himself be registered as a securities dealer. There are exemptions from registration under the federal and state laws. These exemptions were discussed. (DP)

77 FR 10598 - BIOTECH Holdings Ltd., California Oil & Gas Corp., Central Minera Corp., Chemokine Therapeutics...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-22

... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [File No. 500-1] BIOTECH Holdings Ltd., California Oil & Gas Corp., Central Minera Corp., Chemokine Therapeutics Corp., and Global Precision Medical Inc.; Order of... securities of California Oil & Gas Corp. because it has not filed any periodic reports since the period ended...

33 CFR 155.230 - Emergency control systems for tank barges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Emergency control systems for tank barges. 155.230 Section 155.230 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR...

33 CFR 155.230 - Emergency control systems for tank barges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Emergency control systems for tank barges. 155.230 Section 155.230 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR...

33 CFR 155.230 - Emergency control systems for tank barges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Emergency control systems for tank barges. 155.230 Section 155.230 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR...

33 CFR 155.230 - Emergency control systems for tank barges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Emergency control systems for tank barges. 155.230 Section 155.230 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR...

Security Economics and Critical National Infrastructure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anderson, Ross; Fuloria, Shailendra

There has been considerable effort and expenditure since 9/11 on the protection of ‘Critical National Infrastructure' against online attack. This is commonly interpreted to mean preventing online sabotage against utilities such as electricity,oil and gas, water, and sewage - including pipelines, refineries, generators, storage depots and transport facilities such as tankers and terminals. A consensus is emerging that the protection of such assets is more a matter of business models and regulation - in short, of security economics - than of technology. We describe the problems, and the state of play, in this paper. Industrial control systems operate in a different world from systems previously studied by security economists; we find the same issues (lock-in, externalities, asymmetric information and so on) but in different forms. Lock-in is physical, rather than based on network effects, while the most serious externalities result from correlated failure, whether from cascade failures, common-mode failures or simultaneous attacks. There is also an interesting natural experiment happening, in that the USA is regulating cyber security in the electric power industry, but not in oil and gas, while the UK is not regulating at all but rather encouraging industry's own efforts. Some European governments are intervening, while others are leaving cybersecurity entirely to plant owners to worry about. We already note some perverse effects of the U.S. regulation regime as companies game the system, to the detriment of overall dependability.

Water Quality Research Program: Proceedings of the Corps Chemists Meeting (6th) Held in Vicksburg, Mississippi on 16-17 May 1989

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-09-01

of Water and Wastewater, Washington, DC. Bentz , A. P . 1977. "Oil Spill Identification System," US Coast Guard R& D Center, GC- D -52-77. Eisenberg D . M...contamination - site cleanup State of criteria, contamination assessment Florida 1987 US Coast Guard CG- D 52-77 Oil spill identification system Bentz ...Unclassified -a SECURITY CLASSIFICATION AUTHORITV 3 D STR1BUTrON, AVA .ABLfTY OF REPORT 2b DECLASSIFICATION/DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE Approved for public

33 CFR 150.405 - How must a cargo transfer system be tested and inspected?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false How must a cargo transfer system..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) DEEPWATER PORTS DEEPWATER PORTS: OPERATIONS Cargo Transfer Operations § 150.405 How must a cargo transfer system be tested and inspected? (a) No person may transfer oil...

33 CFR 150.405 - How must a cargo transfer system be tested and inspected?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false How must a cargo transfer system..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) DEEPWATER PORTS DEEPWATER PORTS: OPERATIONS Cargo Transfer Operations § 150.405 How must a cargo transfer system be tested and inspected? (a) No person may transfer oil...

33 CFR 150.405 - How must a cargo transfer system be tested and inspected?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false How must a cargo transfer system..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) DEEPWATER PORTS DEEPWATER PORTS: OPERATIONS Cargo Transfer Operations § 150.405 How must a cargo transfer system be tested and inspected? (a) No person may transfer oil...

Oil and gas leases: should they be considered securities. Sheppard v. Boettcher and Company, Inc. , 613 F. Supp. 287 (D. Wyo. 1985), appeal docketed, No. 85-2235 (Aug. 16, 1985)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Luthi, J.N.

1986-01-01

Analysis of the Sheppard v. Boettcher and Co. suit over whether oil and gas leases should be considered securities concludes that Wyoming adopted the Uniform Securities Act to protect citizens against fraud. The reading given the Wyoming statute by the district court disregards the general purpose of the regulation and ignores the counsel of the US Supreme Court that courts should construe the details of an act in conformity with its dominating general purpose. By determining that interests in oil, gas, and mining leases are not securities, the district court leaves Wyoming standing alone against all other states and themore » federal government. Securities legislation is remedial in nature, and calls for a liberal interpretation.« less

Energy technology evaluation report: Energy security

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koopman, R.; Lamont, A.; Schock, R.

1992-09-01

Energy security was identified in the National Energy Strategy (NES) as a major issue for the Department of Energy (DOE). As part of a process designed by the DOE to identify technologies important to implementing the NES, an expert working group was convened to consider which technologies can best contribute to reducing the nation's economic vulnerability to future disruptions of world oil supplies, the working definition of energy security. Other working groups were established to deal with economic growth, environmental quality, and technical foundations. Energy Security working group members were chosen to represent as broad a spectrum of energy supply and end-use technologies as possible and were selected for their established reputations as experienced experts with an ability to be objective. The time available for this evaluation was very short. The group evaluated technologies using criteria taken from the NES which can be summarized for energy security as follows: diversifying sources of world oil supply so as to decrease the increasing monopoly status of the Persian Gulf region; reducing the importance of oil use in the US economy to diminish the impact of future disruptions in oil supply; and increasing the preparedness of the US to deal with oil supply disruptions by having alternatives available at a known price. The result of the first phase of the evaluation process was the identification of technology groups determined to be clearly important for reducing US vulnerability to oil supply disruptions. The important technologies were mostly within the high leverage areas of oil and gas supply and transportation demand but also included hydrogen utilization, biomass, diversion resistant nuclear power, and substitute industrial feedstocks.

Towards a Standard for Highly Secure SCADA Systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Carlson, R.

1998-09-25

The critical energy inkstructures include gas, OL and electric power. These Mrastructures are complex and interdependent nmvorks that are vital to the national secwiy and social well being of our nation. Many electric power systems depend upon gas and oil, while fossil energy delive~ systems depend upon elecnic power. The control mechanisms for these Mrastructures are often referred to as SCADA (Supmivry CkmdandDaU Ac@itz&z) systems. SCADA systems provide remote monitoring and centralized control for a distributed tmnsportation infmsmucture in order to facilitate delivery of a commodi~. AIthough many of the SCADA concepts developed in this paper can be applied tomore » automotive mmsponation systems, we will use transportation to refer to the movement of electrici~, gas, and oil. \\ Recently, there have been seveml reports suggesting that the widespread and increasing use of SCADA for control of energy systems provides an increasing opportuni~ for an advers~ to cause serious darnage to the energy inbstmcturei~. This damage could arise through cyber infiltration of the SCADA networks, by physically tampering with the control networks, or through a combination of both means. SCADA system threats decompose into cyber and physical threats. One solution to the SCADA security problem is to design a standard for a highly secure KA.DA system that is both cyber, and physdly secure. Not all-physical threats are possible to guard again% but of those threats that are, high security SCADA provides confidence that the system will continue to operate in their presence. One of the most important problems in SCADA securi~ is the relationship between the cyber and physical vulnerabilities. Cyber intrusion increases physical Vulnerabilities, while in the dual problem physical tampering increases cyber vulnerabilit.ies. There is potential for feedback and the precise dynamics need to be understood. As a first step towards a stan~ the goal of this paper is to facilitate a discussion of the requirements analysis for a highly secure SCADA system. The fi-arnework for the discussion consists of the identification of SCADA security investment areas coupled with the tradeoffs that will force compromises in the solution. For example, computational and bandwidth requirements of a security standard could force the replacement of entire SCADA systems. The requirements for a real-time response in a cascading electric power failure could pose limitations on authentication and encryption mechanisms. The shortest path to the development of a high securi~ SC.ADA standard will be achieved by leveraging existing standards efforts and ensuring that security is being properly addressed in those standards. The Utility Communications Architecture 2.o (UC@, for real-time utili~ decision control, represents one such standard. The development of a SCADA secwiy specification is a complex task that will benefit from a systems engineering approach.« less

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kong, Bo

China’s energy insecurity largely originates from its constrained availability, questionable reliability, and uncertain affordability of its oil supplies. The country’s fast industrialization and urbanization, together with demand for infrastructure and increasing popularity of automobiles, requires a lot of energy, but it consumes energy both intensively and inefficiently, threatening the environmental well-being of China and its neighbors. China’s risk aversion and poor energy policy making system further magnifies its perceptions of the low availability, reliability and affordability of oil imports, which further compounds its sense of energy insecurity. Distrustful of the market, and suspicious of other major energy players in themore » international market, the Chinese leadership relies on the state-centered approach, or economic nationalism, rather than a market approach to enhance its energy security. However, the country lacks not only an energy policy making system that can make and implement sound energy policies but also an energy market that relies on market prices to allocate energy resources efficiently. As a result of this domestic failure, China has pushed its national flagship companies to undertake a global scavenger hunt for energy while muddling along a messy road of energy reform at home. Setbacks in acquiring new sources of oil have validated the Chinese leadership’s belief that the international oil market is not free and China’s access to international oil is not guaranteed through the market. China’s problems in the international energy market are also perceived as evidence of attempts to prevent China from exerting international influence. China’s leadership is convinced that China should focus on areas where western capital is not heavily concentrated or where western influences are weak. With the recent revaluation of Chinese currency and growing economy, China has both the wherewithal and appetite to acquire more oil assets abroad. Both China and the United States stand at a critical juncture of history where China’s rise depends on reliable energy supplies which it increasingly imports from abroad and where the growing wealth of the United States is increasingly dependent upon China’s success. If China does not have energy security it’s 1.3 billion fuel-starved people will prevent the rest of the world from achieving energy security.« less

76 FR 10574 - Notice of Availability of the Draft Environmental Impact Statement for the Disposal of Greater...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-25

... power systems in support of space exploration and national security; and the environmental cleanup of... and industrial equipment and exploration of geologic formations for oil and gas. They are located in...

Transportation's oil dependence and energy security in the 21st century

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-10-01

The persistent and in many parts of the world rapid motorization of transport is intensifying global dependence on petroleum. Transportation's global oil dependence poses real energy security risks for the first few decades of the 21st century, at le...

The Iranian Government’s Ambitions Represented in Their Nuclear Weapons Program and Its Impact on Security in the Arab Gulf Region

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-08

UEconomic Strategy in Support of the Threatening Policy Iran relies on the abundant natural wealth from oil and gas , and has tried to develop its...Iranian government has adopted a strategic program aimed at manufacturing vehicles that use natural gas and less oil so that it can increase its oil ...aims to secure 20 percent of its electricity by nuclear material in order to reduce the consumption of gas and oil . However, the objectives referred

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Onyeji, Ijeoma; Bazilian, Morgan; Bronk, Chris

Both the number and security implications of sophisticated cyber attacks on companies providing critical energy infrastructures are increasing. As power networks and, to a certain extent, oil and gas infrastructure both upstream and downstream, are becoming increasingly integrated with information communication technology systems, they are growing more susceptible to cyber attacks.

Economic Security and National Security -- Interaction and Synthesis

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-01

phenomenon has not become the case in oil futures contracts; that is, progressively more oil is being traded in pri­ vate off-market arrangements...involving China, Iran, and Sudan, while Saudi Arabia is able to manipulate oil futures prices higher on rela­ tively light transactions volume, especially...and the ability of the United States to project hard or soft political power are daunting. Market technicians refer to this as the “ LUV problem

14 CFR Section 03 - Definitions for Purposes of This System of Accounts and Reports

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... equipment, land, structures, and other tangible property; extensions of fuel, water, and oil distribution equipment; additions to buildings and other structures; and additional safety devices applied to equipment.... Equipment. Tangible property other than land, structures, and improvements. Equity security. Any instrument...

Africa’s Oil Coast: How the Region’s Strategic Importance May Cause Operational Challenges for AFRICOM as Currently Constructed

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-05-22

capacity of several Oil Coast nations through building accountable institutions, 56William Brownfield , Assistant Security of State for International...Maturation of a New U.S. Combatant Command. Carlisle, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, 2013. Brownfield , William. Assistant Security of State for

30 CFR 250.402 - When and how must I secure a well?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Section 250.402 Mineral Resources MINERALS MANAGEMENT SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS AND SULPHUR OPERATIONS IN THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF Oil and Gas Drilling Operations General Requirements § 250.402 When and how must I secure a well? Whenever you interrupt drilling operations, you must...

33 CFR 155.320 - Fuel oil and bulk lubricating oil discharge containment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Fuel oil and bulk lubricating oil discharge containment. 155.320 Section 155.320 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR...

33 CFR 155.240 - Damage stability information for oil tankers and offshore oil barges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Damage stability information for oil tankers and offshore oil barges. 155.240 Section 155.240 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION...

33 CFR 155.240 - Damage stability information for oil tankers and offshore oil barges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Damage stability information for oil tankers and offshore oil barges. 155.240 Section 155.240 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION...

33 CFR 155.240 - Damage stability information for oil tankers and offshore oil barges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Damage stability information for oil tankers and offshore oil barges. 155.240 Section 155.240 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION...

Emerging Techniques for Field Device Security

DOE PAGES

Schwartz, Moses; Bechtel Corp.; Mulder, John; ...

2014-11-01

Critical infrastructure, such as electrical power plants and oil refineries, rely on embedded devices to control essential processes. State of the art security is unable to detect attacks on these devices at the hardware or firmware level. We provide an overview of the hardware used in industrial control system field devices, look at how these devices have been attacked, and discuss techniques and new technologies that may be used to secure them. We follow three themes: (1) Inspectability, the capability for an external arbiter to monitor the internal state of a device. (2) Trustworthiness, the degree to which a systemmore » will continue to function correctly despite disruption, error, or attack. (3) Diversity, the use of adaptive systems and complexity to make attacks more difficult by reducing the feasible attack surface.« less

Interfacial sciences in unconventional petroleum production: from fundamentals to applications.

PubMed

He, Lin; Lin, Feng; Li, Xingang; Sui, Hong; Xu, Zhenghe

2015-08-07

With the ever increasing demand for energy to meet the needs of growth in population and improvement in the living standards in particular in developing countries, the abundant unconventional oil reserves (about 70% of total world oil), such as heavy oil, oil/tar sands and shale oil, are playing an increasingly important role in securing global energy supply. Compared with the conventional reserves unconventional oil reserves are characterized by extremely high viscosity and density, combined with complex chemistry. As a result, petroleum production from unconventional oil reserves is much more difficult and costly with more serious environmental impacts. As a key underpinning science, understanding the interfacial phenomena involved in unconventional petroleum production, such as oil liberation from host rocks, oil-water emulsions and demulsification, is critical for developing novel processes to improve oil production while reducing GHG emission and other environmental impacts at a lower operating cost. In the past decade, significant efforts and advances have been made in applying the principles of interfacial sciences to better understand complex unconventional oil-systems, while many environmental and production challenges remain. In this critical review, the recent research findings and progress in the interfacial sciences related to unconventional petroleum production are critically reviewed. In particular, the chemistry of unconventional oils, liberation mechanisms of oil from host rocks and mechanisms of emulsion stability and destabilization in unconventional oil production systems are discussed in detail. This review also seeks to summarize the current state-of-the-art characterization techniques and brings forward the challenges and opportunities for future research in this important field of physical chemistry and petroleum.

Quantifying Availability in SCADA Environments Using the Cyber Security Metric MFC

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aissa, Anis Ben; Rabai, Latifa Ben Arfa; Abercrombie, Robert K

2014-01-01

Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems are distributed networks dispersed over large geographic areas that aim to monitor and control industrial processes from remote areas and/or a centralized location. They are used in the management of critical infrastructures such as electric power generation, transmission and distribution, water and sewage, manufacturing/industrial manufacturing as well as oil and gas production. The availability of SCADA systems is tantamount to assuring safety, security and profitability. SCADA systems are the backbone of the national cyber-physical critical infrastructure. Herein, we explore the definition and quantification of an econometric measure of availability, as it applies tomore » SCADA systems; our metric is a specialization of the generic measure of mean failure cost.« less

10 CFR 217.2 - Priorities and allocations authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Priorities and allocations authority. 217.2 Section 217.2 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OIL ENERGY PRIORITIES AND ALLOCATIONS SYSTEM General § 217.2 Priorities and... Security with respect to essential civilian needs supporting national defense, including civil defense and...

10 CFR 217.2 - Priorities and allocations authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Priorities and allocations authority. 217.2 Section 217.2 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OIL ENERGY PRIORITIES AND ALLOCATIONS SYSTEM General § 217.2 Priorities and... Security with respect to essential civilian needs supporting national defense, including civil defense and...

Water and greenhouse gas tradeoffs associated with a transition to a low carbon transportation system

EPA Science Inventory

Transportation fuels are heavily dominated by the use of petroleum, but concerns over oil depletion, energy security, and greenhouse gas emissions from petroleum combustion are driving the search for alternatives. As we look to shift away from petroleum-based transportation fuels...

30 CFR 250.402 - When and how must I secure a well?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS AND SULPHUR OPERATIONS IN THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF Oil and Gas Drilling Operations General Requirements § 250.402 When and how must I secure a well? Whenever you interrupt drilling operations, you must install a downhole safety device, such as a cement plug, bridge plug...

30 CFR 250.402 - When and how must I secure a well?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... INTERIOR OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS AND SULPHUR OPERATIONS IN THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF Oil and Gas Drilling Operations General Requirements § 250.402 When and how must I secure a well? Whenever you interrupt drilling...) Among the events that may cause you to interrupt drilling operations are: (1) Evacuation of the drilling...

30 CFR 250.402 - When and how must I secure a well?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... INTERIOR OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS AND SULPHUR OPERATIONS IN THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF Oil and Gas Drilling Operations General Requirements § 250.402 When and how must I secure a well? Whenever you interrupt drilling...) Among the events that may cause you to interrupt drilling operations are: (1) Evacuation of the drilling...

30 CFR 250.402 - When and how must I secure a well?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... INTERIOR OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS AND SULPHUR OPERATIONS IN THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF Oil and Gas Drilling Operations General Requirements § 250.402 When and how must I secure a well? Whenever you interrupt drilling...) Among the events that may cause you to interrupt drilling operations are: (1) Evacuation of the drilling...

77 FR 36031 - ROK Entertainment Group, Inc., RussOil Corp., Tricell, Inc., Tunex International, Inc. (n/k/a...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-15

... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [File No. 500-1] ROK Entertainment Group, Inc., RussOil Corp., Tricell, Inc., Tunex International, Inc. (n/k/a Aone Dental International Group, Inc.), and Wireless Age... there is a lack of current and accurate information concerning the securities of Wireless Age...

Sustainable Solution for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Separation using Concentrated Solar Power Technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Choudhary, Piyush; Srivastava, Rakesh K.; Nath Mahendra, Som; Motahhir, Saad

2017-08-01

In today’s scenario to combat with climate change effects, there are a lot of reasons why we all should use renewable energy sources instead of fossil fuels. Solar energy is one of the best options based on features like good for the environment, independent of electricity prices, underutilized land, grid security, sustainable growth, etc. This concept paper is oriented primarily focused on the use of Solar Energy for the crude oil heating purpose besides other many prospective industrial applications to reduce cost, carbon footprint and moving towards a sustainable and ecologically friendly Oil & Gas Industry. Concentrated Solar Power technology based prototype system is proposed to substitute the presently used system based on natural gas burning method. The hybrid system which utilizes the solar energy in the oil and gas industry would strengthen the overall field working conditions, safety measures and environmental ecology. 40% reduction on natural gas with this hybrid system is estimated. A positive implication for an environment, working conditions and safety precautions is the additive advantage. There could also decrease air venting of CO2, CH4 and N2O by an average of 30-35%.

Petroleum system of Northwest Java basin based on gravity data analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Widianto, E.

2018-01-01

Energy management in the upstream oil and gas sector becomes very important for the country’s energy security. The renewal of energy resources and reserves becomes necessary and is a must. In the oil and gas industry, gravity data is usually used only for regional surveys, but with the development of instrumentation technology and gravity software development, this method can be used for assessing oil and gas survey stages from exploration to production. This study was conducted to evaluate aspects of petroleum system and exploration play concept in the part of Northwest Java Basin, covering source rock deposition regions (source kitchen area, migration direction), development of reservoirs, structural and stratigraphic trap, based on gravity data. This study uses data from Bouguer gravity anomaly map by filtering process to produce a residual map depicting sedimentation basin configuration. The mapping generated 20 sedimentary basins in Java Island with the total hydrocarbon resources of 113 BBOE (Billion Barrel of Oil Equivalent). The petroleum system analysis was conducted in the Northwest Basin section. The final map produced illustrates the condition of petroleum system and play concept that can be used as exploration direction, expectedly reducing the risk of drilling failure.

Keep Your Friends Close and Your Enemies Closer: Saudi Arabia, America’s Key Strategic Partner in the Middle East

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-03-31

the United States’ vital interests in the Middle East have grown. The U.S. remains committed to ensuring the unimpeded flow of oil to global markets ...interests in the Middle East have grown. The U.S. remains committed to ensuring the unimpeded flow of oil to global markets and the security of...unimpeded flow of oil to the global market , the security of Israel, and the containment of Iran.1 The United States’ relationship with Saudi Arabia

Oil substitution and energy saving - A research and development strategy of the International Energy Agency /IEA/

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rath-Nagel, S.

1981-03-01

Systems analyses were carried out by the International Energy Agency for the participating 15 countries in order to work out strategies and scenarios for lessening the dependence on imported oil and for developing new energy technologies. MARKAL model computations show the technology and energy mixes necessary for achieving a reduction of oil imports by two thirds over the next 40 years. The scenario 'high social security' examines the projected rise in energy consumption, the development of oil substitutes, the increase in alternative heating sources, the development of markets for liquid energy products, the demand for gas, and the relative usage of various energy generation methods. The recommended strategy involves as the most important points an increase in coal consumption, greater nuclear energy reliance and development of alternative technologies.

The Aegean Sea marine security decision support system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Perivoliotis, L.; Krokos, G.; Nittis, K.; Korres, G.

2011-05-01

As part of the integrated ECOOP (European Coastal Sea Operational observing and Forecasting System) project, HCMR upgraded the already existing standalone Oil Spill Forecasting System for the Aegean Sea, initially developed for the Greek Operational Oceanography System (POSEIDON), into an active element of the European Decision Support System (EuroDeSS). The system is accessible through a user friendly web interface where the case scenarios can be fed into the oil spill drift model component, while the synthetic output contains detailed information about the distribution of oil spill particles and the oil spill budget and it is provided both in text based ECOOP common output format and as a series of sequential graphics. The main development steps that were necessary for this transition were the modification of the forcing input data module in order to allow the import of other system products which are usually provided in standard formats such as NetCDF and the transformation of the model's calculation routines to allow use of current, density and diffusivities data in z instead of sigma coordinates. During the implementation of the Aegean DeSS, the system was used in operational mode in order support the Greek marine authorities in handling a real accident that took place in North Aegean area. Furthermore, the introduction of common input and output files by all the partners of EuroDeSS extended the system's interoperability thus facilitating data exchanges and comparison experiments.

The Aegean sea marine security decision support system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Perivoliotis, L.; Krokos, G.; Nittis, K.; Korres, G.

2011-10-01

As part of the integrated ECOOP (European Coastal Sea Operational observing and Forecasting System) project, HCMR upgraded the already existing standalone Oil Spill Forecasting System for the Aegean Sea, initially developed for the Greek Operational Oceanography System (POSEIDON), into an active element of the European Decision Support System (EuroDeSS). The system is accessible through a user friendly web interface where the case scenarios can be fed into the oil spill drift model component, while the synthetic output contains detailed information about the distribution of oil spill particles and the oil spill budget and it is provided both in text based ECOOP common output format and as a series of sequential graphics. The main development steps that were necessary for this transition were the modification of the forcing input data module in order to allow the import of other system products which are usually provided in standard formats such as NetCDF and the transformation of the model's calculation routines to allow use of current, density and diffusivities data in z instead of sigma coordinates. During the implementation of the Aegean DeSS, the system was used in operational mode in order to support the Greek marine authorities in handling a real accident that took place in North Aegean area. Furthermore, the introduction of common input and output files by all the partners of EuroDeSS extended the system's interoperability thus facilitating data exchanges and comparison experiments.

33 CFR 155.710 - Qualifications of person in charge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR VESSELS... Crude-Oil Washing (COW), inert-gas, and vapor-control systems—to safely conduct a transfer of fuel oil... of fuel oil, the transfer of liquid cargo in bulk, or cargo-tank cleaning, as appropriate to the...

33 CFR 155.710 - Qualifications of person in charge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR VESSELS... Crude-Oil Washing (COW), inert-gas, and vapor-control systems—to safely conduct a transfer of fuel oil... of fuel oil, the transfer of liquid cargo in bulk, or cargo-tank cleaning, as appropriate to the...

33 CFR 151.19 - International Oil Pollution Prevention (IOPP) Certificates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Oil Pollution § 151.19... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false International Oil Pollution... OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE...

33 CFR 151.26 - Shipboard oil pollution emergency plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Shipboard oil pollution emergency... SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR... Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Oil Pollution § 151.26 Shipboard...

33 CFR 151.26 - Shipboard oil pollution emergency plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Shipboard oil pollution emergency... SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR... Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Oil Pollution § 151.26 Shipboard...

33 CFR 151.19 - International Oil Pollution Prevention (IOPP) Certificates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false International Oil Pollution... OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE... Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Oil Pollution § 151.19...

33 CFR 151.19 - International Oil Pollution Prevention (IOPP) Certificates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false International Oil Pollution... OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE... Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Oil Pollution § 151.19...

33 CFR 151.26 - Shipboard oil pollution emergency plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Shipboard oil pollution emergency... SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR... Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Oil Pollution § 151.26 Shipboard...

33 CFR 151.26 - Shipboard oil pollution emergency plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Shipboard oil pollution emergency... SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR... Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Oil Pollution § 151.26 Shipboard...

33 CFR 151.19 - International Oil Pollution Prevention (IOPP) Certificates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false International Oil Pollution... OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE... Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Oil Pollution § 151.19...

33 CFR 151.19 - International Oil Pollution Prevention (IOPP) Certificates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false International Oil Pollution... OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE... Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Oil Pollution § 151.19...

10 CFR 217.44 - Instances where assistance may not be provided.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Instances where assistance may not be provided. 217.44 Section 217.44 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OIL ENERGY PRIORITIES AND ALLOCATIONS SYSTEM Special Priorities... where assistance may not be provided include situations when a person is attempting to: (a) Secure a...

10 CFR 217.44 - Instances where assistance may not be provided.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Instances where assistance may not be provided. 217.44 Section 217.44 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OIL ENERGY PRIORITIES AND ALLOCATIONS SYSTEM Special Priorities... where assistance may not be provided include situations when a person is attempting to: (a) Secure a...

10 CFR 217.44 - Instances where assistance may not be provided.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Instances where assistance may not be provided. 217.44 Section 217.44 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OIL ENERGY PRIORITIES AND ALLOCATIONS SYSTEM Special Priorities... where assistance may not be provided include situations when a person is attempting to: (a) Secure a...

Applying high-resolution melting (HRM) technology to olive oil and wine authenticity.

PubMed

Pereira, Leonor; Gomes, Sónia; Barrias, Sara; Fernandes, José Ramiro; Martins-Lopes, Paula

2018-01-01

Olive oil and wine production have a worldwide economic impact. Their market reliability is under great concern because of the increasing number of fraud and adulteration attempts. The need for a traceability system in all its extension is crucial particularly for the cases of olive oils and wines with certified labels, in which only a limited number of olives and grapevine varieties, respectively, are allowed in a restricted well-defined geographical area. Molecular markers have been vastly applied to the food sector, and in particular High-Resolution DNA Melting technology has been successfully applied for olive oil and wine authentication, as part of the traceability system. In this review, the applications of HRM and their usefulness for this sector considering, Safety, Security and Authenticity will be reviewed. A broad overview of the HRM technique will be presented, focusing on the aspects that are crucial for its success, in particular the new generation of fluorescent dsDNA dyes used for amplicon detection and quantification, and the data analysis. A brief outlook on the olive oil and wine authenticity procedures, based on new DNA technology advances, and in which way this may influence the future establishment of a traceability system will be discussed. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Numerical study on criteria for design and operation of water curtain system in underground oil storage cavern using site descriptive fracture networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moon, Jiwon; Yeo, In Wook

2013-04-01

Underground unlined caverns have been constructed in fractured rocks to stockpile oil and petroleum products, where they are hydraulically contained by natural groundwater pressure. However, for the case that natural groundwater pressure is not maintained at the required level, water curtain boreholes, through which water is injected, are often constructed above the cavern as engineering barrier to secure water pressure enough to overwhelm the operational pressure of the cavern. For secure containment of oil and petroleum products inside the cavern, it is essential to keep water pressure around the cavern higher than operational pressure of the cavern using either natural groundwater pressure or engineering barrier. In the Republic of Korea, a number of underground stockpile bases are being operated by Korea National Oil Corporation (KNOC) and private companies, most of which have water curtain system. The criterion that KNOC adopts for water curtain system design and operation such as the vertical distance from the cavern and operational injection rate is based on the Åberg hypothesis that the vertical hydraulic gradient should be larger than one. The criterion has been used for maintaining oil storage cavern without its thorough review. In this study, systematic numerical works have been done for reviewing the Åberg criterion. As groundwater predominantly takes places through fractures in underground caverns, discrete fracture modeling approach is essential for this study. Fracture data, obtained from boreholes drilled at the stage of site investigation at the Yeosu stockpile base in Korea, were statistically analyzed in terms of orientation and intensity, which were used to generate the site descriptive three dimensional fracture networks. Then, groundwater flow modeling has been carried out for the fracture networks. Constant head boundaries were applied along the circumference of the cavern and water curtain boreholes. Main flow channel and hydraulic connectivity between water curtain boreholes and the caverns have been identified, along which hydraulic heads are monitored to find out whether the required hydraulic pressure is maintained around the cavern. The flow modeling has been repeatedly carried out at different constant head boundary conditions to create the criterion for the optimal operation of water curtain system.

46 CFR 30.10-48 - Oil fuel-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Oil fuel-TB/ALL. 30.10-48 Section 30.10-48 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definitions § 30.10-48 Oil fuel—TB/ALL. The term oil fuel means oil used as fuel for machinery in the vessel in which it is...

46 CFR 30.10-48 - Oil fuel-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Oil fuel-TB/ALL. 30.10-48 Section 30.10-48 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definitions § 30.10-48 Oil fuel—TB/ALL. The term oil fuel means oil used as fuel for machinery in the vessel in which it is...

46 CFR 30.10-48 - Oil fuel-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Oil fuel-TB/ALL. 30.10-48 Section 30.10-48 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definitions § 30.10-48 Oil fuel—TB/ALL. The term oil fuel means oil used as fuel for machinery in the vessel in which it is...

46 CFR 30.10-48 - Oil fuel-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Oil fuel-TB/ALL. 30.10-48 Section 30.10-48 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definitions § 30.10-48 Oil fuel—TB/ALL. The term oil fuel means oil used as fuel for machinery in the vessel in which it is...

46 CFR 30.10-48 - Oil fuel-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Oil fuel-TB/ALL. 30.10-48 Section 30.10-48 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definitions § 30.10-48 Oil fuel—TB/ALL. The term oil fuel means oil used as fuel for machinery in the vessel in which it is...

46 CFR 30.10-48a - Oil fuel unit-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Oil fuel unit-TB/ALL. 30.10-48a Section 30.10-48a Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definitions § 30.10-48a Oil fuel unit—TB/ALL. The term oil fuel unit means the equipment used for the preparation of oil...

46 CFR 30.10-48a - Oil fuel unit-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Oil fuel unit-TB/ALL. 30.10-48a Section 30.10-48a Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definitions § 30.10-48a Oil fuel unit—TB/ALL. The term oil fuel unit means the equipment used for the preparation of oil...

46 CFR 30.10-48a - Oil fuel unit-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Oil fuel unit-TB/ALL. 30.10-48a Section 30.10-48a Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definitions § 30.10-48a Oil fuel unit—TB/ALL. The term oil fuel unit means the equipment used for the preparation of oil...

46 CFR 30.10-48a - Oil fuel unit-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Oil fuel unit-TB/ALL. 30.10-48a Section 30.10-48a Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS GENERAL PROVISIONS Definitions § 30.10-48a Oil fuel unit—TB/ALL. The term oil fuel unit means the equipment used for the preparation of oil...

Functional Evaluation and Characterization of a Newly Developed Silicone Oil-Free Prefillable Syringe System

PubMed Central

Yoshino, Keisuke; Nakamura, Koji; Yamashita, Arisa; Abe, Yoshihiko; Iwasaki, Kazuhiro; Kanazawa, Yukie; Funatsu, Kaori; Yoshimoto, Tsuyoshi; Suzuki, Shigeru

2014-01-01

The functionality of a newly developed silicone oil-free (SOF) syringe system, of which the plunger stopper is coated by a novel coating technology (i-coating™), was assessed. By scanning electron microscopy observations and other analysis, it was confirmed that the plunger stopper surface was uniformly covered with the designed chemical composition. A microflow imaging analysis showed that the SOF system drastically reduced both silicone oil (SO) doplets and oil-induced aggregations in a model protein formulation, whereas a large number of subvisible particles and protein aggregations were formed when a SO system was used. Satisfactory container closure integrity (CCI) was confirmed by means of dye and microorganism penetration studies. Furthermore, no significant difference between the break loose and gliding forces was observed in the former, and stability studies revealed that the SOF system could perfectly show the aging independence in break loose force observed in the SO system. The results suggest that the introduced novel SOF system has a great potential and represents an alternative that can achieve very low subvisible particles, secure CCI, and the absence of a break loose force. In particular, no risk of SO-induced aggregation can bring additional value in the highly sensitive biotech drug market. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 103:1520–1528, 2014 PMID:24643749

Oil Spill Detection and Monitoring of Abu Dhabi Coastal Zone Using KOMPSAT-5 SAR Imagery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harahsheh, H. A.

2016-06-01

Abu Dhabi Government endorsed vision for its Maritime Strategy `A safe, secure and sustainable maritime domain for Abu Dhabi'. This research study share this vision using the concept of monitoring as tool for marine protection against any possible oil pollution. The best technology to detect and monitor oil pollution and in particularly oil spill is SAR imagery In this case study we chose KOMPSAT-5 SAR. KOMPSAT-5 carries X-band SAR for earth observation, and is capable of day-and-night imaging under all weather condition. It provides three operation modes: High Resolution Mode to provide 1 m resolution, Standard Mode to provide 3 m resolution and Wide Swath Mode to provide 20 m resolution with 100 km swath at 550 km altitude, with four modes of polarization. KOMPSAT-5 provides products for various applications; security and defense, mapping, and natural resource management, environmental monitoring, disaster monitoring and more. For our case study we chose to work with Wide Swath mode (WS) with Vertical polarization (VV) to cover a wide area of interest located to the north west of Abu Dhabi including some important islands like "Zirku Island", and areas with oil production activities. The results of data acquired on 4th May 2015 show some spot of oil spill with length estimated about 3 KM, and the daily satellite data acquisition over the period July 24 through July 31 shows serious and many oil spill events some are small, but many others are considered to be big with area size around 20 km2. In the context of oil spill pollution in the seas, we have to consider the development and increase of overseas transportation, which is an important factor for both social and economic sectors. The harmful effects of marine pollution are numerous, from the damage of marine life to the damage of the aquatic ecosystem as whole. As such, the need for oil slick detection is crucial, for the location of polluted areas and to evaluate slick drift to protect the coastline. Satellite-based oil spill monitoring system now can be used to take precautions and even to determine the possible polluter; it has a vital importance on the detection and protection of national and international waters from the possible damages of petroleum hazard. Finally, and as we suggested in previous studies, we recommend to the national authorities to establish a national near-real time oil spill monitoring system based on SAR satellite imagery, with the support of other tools like AIS and navigation radars

75 FR 9426 - Delaware River and Bay Oil Spill Advisory Committee; Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-02

... DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY Coast Guard [Docket No. USCG-2008-0333] Delaware River and Bay Oil... Delaware River and Bay Oil Spill Advisory Committee (DRBOSAC) will meet in Philadelphia, PA to discuss various issues to improve oil spill prevention and response strategies for the Delaware River and Bay...

75 FR 76742 - Detecting Oil Leaks From Vessels Into the Water

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-09

... to detect leaks from oil tanks into the water? (E) What is the threshold for detection, accuracy... than leak detection from oil cargo tanks into the water? (H) Are methods or equipment being applied for... DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY Coast Guard [Docket No. USCG-2010-1085] Detecting Oil Leaks From...

33 CFR 154.1240 - Specific requirements for animal fats and vegetable oils facilities that could reasonably be...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... fats and vegetable oils facilities that could reasonably be expected to cause substantial harm to the... SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION FACILITIES TRANSFERRING OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL IN BULK Response Plans for Animal Fats and Vegetable Oils Facilities § 154.1240 Specific requirements for animal fats and vegetable...

The use of Jatropha curcas to achieve a self sufficient water distribution system: A case study in rural Senegal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Archer, Alexandra

The use of Jatropha curcas as a source of oil for fueling water pumps holds promise for rural communities struggling to achieve water security in arid climates. The potential for use in developing communities as an affordable, sustainable fuel source has been highly recommended for many reasons: it is easily propagated, drought resistant, grows rapidly, and has high-oil-content seeds, as well as medicinal and economic potential. This study uses a rural community in Senegal, West Africa, and calculates at what level of Jatropha curcas production the village is able to be self-sufficient in fueling their water system to meet drinking, sanitation and irrigation requirements. The current water distribution system was modelled to represent irrigation requirements for nine different Jatropha curcas cultivation and processing schemes. It was found that a combination of using recycled greywater for irrigation and a mechanical press to maximize oil recovered from the seeds of mature Jatropha curcas trees, would be able to operate the water system with no diesel required.

17 CFR 210.4-10 - Financial accounting and reporting for oil and gas producing activities pursuant to the Federal...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... first point at which oil, gas, or gas liquids, natural or synthetic, are delivered to a main pipeline, a... oil and gas reserves are those quantities of oil and gas, which, by analysis of geoscience and... reporting for oil and gas producing activities pursuant to the Federal securities laws and the Energy Policy...

33 CFR 156.210 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIAL TRANSFER OPERATIONS Special Requirements for Lightering of Oil and Hazardous Material Cargoes § 156.210 General. (a) No vessel may transfer oil or hazardous materials in a port or place...

33 CFR 156.210 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIAL TRANSFER OPERATIONS Special Requirements for Lightering of Oil and Hazardous Material Cargoes § 156.210 General. (a) No vessel may transfer oil or hazardous materials in a port or place...

33 CFR 156.210 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIAL TRANSFER OPERATIONS Special Requirements for Lightering of Oil and Hazardous Material Cargoes § 156.210 General. (a) No vessel may transfer oil or hazardous materials in a port or place...

33 CFR 156.210 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIAL TRANSFER OPERATIONS Special Requirements for Lightering of Oil and Hazardous Material Cargoes § 156.210 General. (a) No vessel may transfer oil or hazardous materials in a port or place...

33 CFR 156.210 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL AND HAZARDOUS MATERIAL TRANSFER OPERATIONS Special Requirements for Lightering of Oil and Hazardous Material Cargoes § 156.210 General. (a) No vessel may transfer oil or hazardous materials in a port or place...

2010 Homeland Security Symposium and Exhibition Held in Arlington, Virginia on September 28-29, 2010

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-09-29

Natural gas pipelines • Oil terminals; Pump stations • Electric substations • Water facilities • Wastewater facilities • Airports • Roads • Railroads... Gas /Crude Oil  Telecommunications  Water  Healthcare/Public Health Critical Infrastructure Interdependencies BUILDING STRONG® DSES-10 Regional...Preparedness Policy, Office on Resilience, National Security Council, The White House • Mr. Paul Molitor, Senior Industry Director, Smart Grid and

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Austin, J.D.

The U.S. Court of Claims has awarded Union Petroleum Corp. almost $100,000 to reimburse the expenses it had incurred in cleaning up an oil spill caused by vandals at Union's oil terminal and distribution facility near Revere, Massachusetts on 4/5-6/75. The court ruled that Union had established all of the elements required by the Clean Water Act to recover its reasonable expenses. Among these elements were the immediate notification of the U.S. Coast Guard and a spill cleanup company upon the discovery of the spill and discharge of some of the approximately 60,000 gal of No. 6 fuel oil intomore » the Chelsea Creek on 4/6/75; the adequate security precautions at Union's facilities, including a spill containment system and an oil separator to prevent oil from being discharged into the creek; and the responsibility of a third party for the discharge. The court also praised the voluntary action taken by Union, since the two railroad cars from which the No. 6 fuel oil had been discharged were not owned or operated by Union.« less

33 CFR 151.26 - Shipboard oil pollution emergency plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Shipboard oil pollution emergency... SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Implementation of MARPOL 73/78 and the Protocol on Environmental...

33 CFR 151.29 - Foreign ships.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

....29 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER... Pertains to Pollution from Ships Oil Pollution § 151.29 Foreign ships. (a) Each oil tanker of 150 gross...

33 CFR 151.29 - Foreign ships.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

....29 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER... Pertains to Pollution from Ships Oil Pollution § 151.29 Foreign ships. (a) Each oil tanker of 150 gross...

33 CFR 151.29 - Foreign ships.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

....29 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER... Pertains to Pollution from Ships Oil Pollution § 151.29 Foreign ships. (a) Each oil tanker of 150 gross...

VSAT: opening new horizons to oil and gas explorations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Al-Dhamen, Muhammad I.

2002-08-01

Whether exploring in the Empty Quarter, drilling offshore in the Gulf of Mexico, or monitoring gas pipelines or oil wells in the deserts, communications is a key element to the success of oil and gas operations. Secure, efficient communications is required between remote, isolated locations and head offices to report on work status, dispatch supplies and repairs, report on-site emergencies, transfer geophysical surveys and real-time drilling data. Drilling and exploration firms have traditionally used land-based terrestrial networks that rely on radio transmissions for voice and data communications to offshore platforms and remote deep desert drilling rigs. But these systems are inefficient and have proven inflexible with today's drilling and exploration communications demands, which include high-speed data access, telephone and video conferencing. In response, numerous oil and gas exploration entities working in deep waters and remote deep deserts have all tapped into what is an ideal solution for these needs: Very Small Aperture Terminal Systems (VSAT) for broadband access services. This led to the use of Satellite Communication Systems for a wide range of applications that were difficult to achieve in the past, such as real-time applications transmission of drilling data and seismic information. This paper provides a thorough analysis of opportunities for satellite technology solutions in support of oil and gas operations. Technologies, architecture, service, networking and application developments are discussed based upon real field experience. More specifically, the report addresses: VSAT Opportunities for the Oil and Gas Operations, Corporate Satellite Business Model Findings, Satellite Market Forecasts

Oil Politics and National Security in Nigeria

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-12-01

Oil Transparency in the Niger Delta: Improving Public Sector Oil Derived Resource Flows and Utilization in Abia State, Nigeria,” Economies of...against the nine states officially recognized i.e. they exclude Ondo, Abia , and Imo states from being part of the Delta region (figure 1). 125 BBC...Peterside Sofiri Dr, “Oil Transparency in the Niger Delta: Improving Public Sector Oil Derived Resource Flows and Utilization in Abia State, Nigeria

Risk assessment for Industrial Control Systems quantifying availability using mean failure cost (MFC)

DOE PAGES

Chen, Qian; Abercrombie, Robert K; Sheldon, Frederick T.

2015-09-23

Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are commonly used in industries such as oil and natural gas, transportation, electric, water and wastewater, chemical, pharmaceutical, pulp and paper, food and beverage, as well as discrete manufacturing (e.g., automotive, aerospace, and durable goods.) SCADA systems are generally used to control dispersed assets using centralized data acquisition and supervisory control.Originally, ICS implementations were susceptible primarily to local threats because most of their components were located in physically secure areas (i.e., ICS components were not connected to IT networks or systems). The trend toward integrating ICS systems with IT networks (e.g., efficiency and the Internet ofmore » Things) provides significantly less isolation for ICS from the outside world thus creating greater risk due to external threats. Albeit, the availability of ICS/SCADA systems is critical to assuring safety, security and profitability. Such systems form the backbone of our national cyber-physical infrastructure.Herein, we extend the concept of mean failure cost (MFC) to address quantifying availability to harmonize well with ICS security risk assessment. This new measure is based on the classic formulation of Availability combined with Mean Failure Cost (MFC). Finally, the metric offers a computational basis to estimate the availability of a system in terms of the loss that each stakeholder stands to sustain as a result of security violations or breakdowns (e.g., deliberate malicious failures).« less

33 CFR 117.495 - Superior Oil Canal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Superior Oil Canal. 117.495 Section 117.495 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES DRAWBRIDGE OPERATION REGULATIONS Specific Requirements Louisiana § 117.495 Superior Oil Canal. The draw of...

33 CFR 117.495 - Superior Oil Canal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Superior Oil Canal. 117.495 Section 117.495 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES DRAWBRIDGE OPERATION REGULATIONS Specific Requirements Louisiana § 117.495 Superior Oil Canal. The draw of...

33 CFR 117.495 - Superior Oil Canal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Superior Oil Canal. 117.495 Section 117.495 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES DRAWBRIDGE OPERATION REGULATIONS Specific Requirements Louisiana § 117.495 Superior Oil Canal. The draw of...

33 CFR 155.235 - Emergency towing capability for oil tankers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Emergency towing capability for oil tankers. 155.235 Section 155.235 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR...

33 CFR 155.235 - Emergency towing capability for oil tankers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Emergency towing capability for oil tankers. 155.235 Section 155.235 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR...

33 CFR 155.235 - Emergency towing capability for oil tankers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Emergency towing capability for oil tankers. 155.235 Section 155.235 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR...

33 CFR 155.1225 - Response plan submission requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR VESSELS Response plan requirements for vessels carrying animal fats and vegetable oils as a primary cargo § 155... vegetable oils as a primary cargo shall submit a response plan in accordance with the requirements of this...

33 CFR 155.1225 - Response plan submission requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR VESSELS Response plan requirements for vessels carrying animal fats and vegetable oils as a primary cargo § 155... vegetable oils as a primary cargo shall submit a response plan in accordance with the requirements of this...

Removal of Free Fatty Acid from Plant Oil by the Adsorption Process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chung, Tsair-Wang; Wu, Yi-Ling; Hsu, Shih-Hong

2018-05-01

The food oil refinery process for deacidification is ususally conducted by the neutralization after degumming. In this study, commercialized resins will be used as adsorbents to remove the free fatty acid (FFA) in food oil without using any solvent. Applying this environmental friendly green process, the energy efficiency will be increased and the waste water will be reduced compared to the traditional process. The selected adsorbent can be reused which may reduce the process cost. Instead of using alkali neutralization, the proposed process may reduce the concern of food oil security. The commercial resins A26OH and IRA900Cl were compared as adsorbents to remove the FFA in deacidification for refinery of food oil without adding any alkali chemicals. This process will be conducted to remove the FFA form peanut oil in this study. Besides, this study will get the adsorption isotherms for one of the better sorbents of A26OH or IRA900Cl to remove FFA from peanut oil under 25, 35, and 45°C. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were compared to fit the experimental data. The obtained isotherm data is important for the adsorption system design.

Measuring Stability and Security in Iraq

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-01

faces a budget deficit of $20 billion in 2009 based on a price of $50 per barrel and an export rate of 2.0 million barrels per day. Current oil prices...security details with handguns and assist them in obtaining MoI weapons cards. In addition to protection officers, the Coalition assists with...production throughout 2009. Overall, crude oil production peaked at 2.54 million barrels per day (mbpd) in July 2008 and leveled off at approximately

75 FR 12561 - Delaware River and Bay Oil Spill Advisory Committee; Meeting Cancelled

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-16

... DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY Coast Guard [Docket No. USCG-2008-0333] Delaware River and Bay Oil Spill Advisory Committee; Meeting Cancelled AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Notice of cancellation of meeting. SUMMARY: The Delaware River and Bay Oil Spill Advisory Committee (DRBOSAC) meeting scheduled for...

33 CFR 155.215 - Discharge removal equipment for inland oil barges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Discharge removal equipment for inland oil barges. 155.215 Section 155.215 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR...

46 CFR 131.935 - Prevention of oil pollution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Prevention of oil pollution. 131.935 Section 131.935 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Miscellaneous § 131.935 Prevention of oil pollution. Each vessel must be operated in compliance with— (a...

46 CFR 131.935 - Prevention of oil pollution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Prevention of oil pollution. 131.935 Section 131.935 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Miscellaneous § 131.935 Prevention of oil pollution. Each vessel must be operated in compliance with— (a...

46 CFR 131.935 - Prevention of oil pollution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Prevention of oil pollution. 131.935 Section 131.935 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OFFSHORE SUPPLY VESSELS OPERATIONS Miscellaneous § 131.935 Prevention of oil pollution. Each vessel must be operated in compliance with— (a...

78 FR 143 - Desert Mining, Inc., Eagle Broadband, Inc., Endovasc, Inc., Environmental Oil Processing...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-02

... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [File No. 500-1] Desert Mining, Inc., Eagle Broadband, Inc., Endovasc, Inc., Environmental Oil Processing Technology Corp., Falcon Ridge Development, Inc., Fellows... Environmental Oil Processing Technology Corp. because it has not filed any periodic reports since the period...

33 CFR 155.245 - Damage stability information for inland oil barges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Damage stability information for inland oil barges. 155.245 Section 155.245 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR...

33 CFR 155.220 - Discharge removal equipment for vessels carrying oil as secondary cargo.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Discharge removal equipment for vessels carrying oil as secondary cargo. 155.220 Section 155.220 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION...

33 CFR 155.215 - Discharge removal equipment for inland oil barges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Discharge removal equipment for inland oil barges. 155.215 Section 155.215 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR...

33 CFR 155.215 - Discharge removal equipment for inland oil barges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Discharge removal equipment for inland oil barges. 155.215 Section 155.215 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR...

33 CFR 155.245 - Damage stability information for inland oil barges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Damage stability information for inland oil barges. 155.245 Section 155.245 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR...

33 CFR 155.310 - Containment of oil and hazardous material cargo discharges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Containment of oil and hazardous material cargo discharges. 155.310 Section 155.310 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS...

33 CFR 155.220 - Discharge removal equipment for vessels carrying oil as secondary cargo.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Discharge removal equipment for vessels carrying oil as secondary cargo. 155.220 Section 155.220 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION...

33 CFR 155.245 - Damage stability information for inland oil barges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Damage stability information for inland oil barges. 155.245 Section 155.245 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR...

33 CFR 155.215 - Discharge removal equipment for inland oil barges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Discharge removal equipment for inland oil barges. 155.215 Section 155.215 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR...

33 CFR 155.215 - Discharge removal equipment for inland oil barges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Discharge removal equipment for inland oil barges. 155.215 Section 155.215 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR...

33 CFR 155.220 - Discharge removal equipment for vessels carrying oil as secondary cargo.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Discharge removal equipment for vessels carrying oil as secondary cargo. 155.220 Section 155.220 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION...

33 CFR 155.220 - Discharge removal equipment for vessels carrying oil as secondary cargo.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Discharge removal equipment for vessels carrying oil as secondary cargo. 155.220 Section 155.220 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION...

30 CFR 556.43 - Chargeability for production.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... LEASING OF SULPHUR OR OIL AND GAS IN THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF Issuance of Leases § 556.43 Chargeability...-trust certificate, certificate of deposit for a security, fractional undivided interest in oil, gas, or... applicable prior production period: (1) The average daily production in barrels of crude oil, natural gas...

30 CFR 556.43 - Chargeability for production.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... LEASING OF SULPHUR OR OIL AND GAS IN THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF Issuance of Leases § 556.43 Chargeability...-trust certificate, certificate of deposit for a security, fractional undivided interest in oil, gas, or... applicable prior production period: (1) The average daily production in barrels of crude oil, natural gas...

30 CFR 556.43 - Chargeability for production.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... LEASING OF SULPHUR OR OIL AND GAS IN THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF Issuance of Leases § 556.43 Chargeability...-trust certificate, certificate of deposit for a security, fractional undivided interest in oil, gas, or... applicable prior production period: (1) The average daily production in barrels of crude oil, natural gas...

Politics of oil: multinational oil corporations and United States foreign policy, 1941-1954

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Painter, D.S.

1982-01-01

The energy crises of the 1970s highlighted the importance of foreign oil to United States security and prosperity and focused attention on the relationship between multinational oil corporations and United States foreign policy. Important roots of present problems reach back to the period 1941 to 1954 when United States policymakers became aware that the nation's historic self-sufficiency in oil would soon come to an end. This realization led to plans to assure United States access to foreign oil reserves. During the early years of this period, the oil industry and its allies in congress defeated attempts by the government tomore » play an active role in foreign oil matters. With the government's role limited, the United States fell back to its traditional policy of supporting the foreign operations of United States corporations. Although this policy minimized government intervention in the internal operations of the oil industry, it nevertheless required the government to become actively involved in maintaining the security and stability of the Middle East and in working to contain economic nationalism in Latin America. Moreover, the policy resulted in the government acquiescing in private arrangements by the major companies to control the world oil economy. The most important factor shaping public policy on foreign oil was the overall hegemony of business in American society.« less

33 CFR 154.1220 - Response plan submission requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION FACILITIES TRANSFERRING OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL IN BULK Response Plans for Animal Fats and Vegetable Oils Facilities § 154.1220 Response plan submission requirements. (a) The owner...

33 CFR 154.1220 - Response plan submission requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION FACILITIES TRANSFERRING OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL IN BULK Response Plans for Animal Fats and Vegetable Oils Facilities § 154.1220 Response plan submission requirements. (a) The owner...

46 CFR Appendix B to Subpart B of... - Oath for Documentation of Vessels for Use by a Not-For-Profit Oil Spill Response Cooperative

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...-Profit Oil Spill Response Cooperative B Appendix B to Subpart B of Part 68 Shipping COAST GUARD...: EXCEPTIONS TO COASTWISE QUALIFICATION Documentation of Certain Vessels for Oil Spill Cleanup Pt. 68, Subpt. B...-Profit Oil Spill Response Cooperative Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Coast Guard Oath for...

46 CFR Appendix B to Subpart B of... - Oath for Documentation of Vessels for Use by a Not-For-Profit Oil Spill Response Cooperative

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...-Profit Oil Spill Response Cooperative B Appendix B to Subpart B of Part 68 Shipping COAST GUARD...: EXCEPTIONS TO COASTWISE QUALIFICATION Documentation of Certain Vessels for Oil Spill Cleanup Pt. 68, Subpt. B...-Profit Oil Spill Response Cooperative Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Coast Guard Oath for...

46 CFR Appendix B to Subpart B of... - Oath for Documentation of Vessels for Use by a Not-For-Profit Oil Spill Response Cooperative

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...-Profit Oil Spill Response Cooperative B Appendix B to Subpart B of Part 68 Shipping COAST GUARD...: EXCEPTIONS TO COASTWISE QUALIFICATION Documentation of Certain Vessels for Oil Spill Cleanup Pt. 68, Subpt. B...-Profit Oil Spill Response Cooperative Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Coast Guard Oath for...

46 CFR Appendix B to Subpart B of... - Oath for Documentation of Vessels for Use by a Not-For-Profit Oil Spill Response Cooperative

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...-Profit Oil Spill Response Cooperative B Appendix B to Subpart B of Part 68 Shipping COAST GUARD...: EXCEPTIONS TO COASTWISE QUALIFICATION Documentation of Certain Vessels for Oil Spill Cleanup Pt. 68, Subpt. B...-Profit Oil Spill Response Cooperative Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Coast Guard Oath for...

46 CFR Appendix B to Subpart B of... - Oath for Documentation of Vessels for Use by a Not-For-Profit Oil Spill Response Cooperative

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...-Profit Oil Spill Response Cooperative B Appendix B to Subpart B of Part 68 Shipping COAST GUARD...: EXCEPTIONS TO COASTWISE QUALIFICATION Documentation of Certain Vessels for Oil Spill Cleanup Pt. 68, Subpt. B...-Profit Oil Spill Response Cooperative Department of Homeland Security, U.S. Coast Guard Oath for...

The path to next generation biofuels: successes and challenges in the era of synthetic biology

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Volatility of oil prices along with major concerns about climate change, oil supply security and depleting reserves have sparked renewed interest in the production of fuels from renewable resources. Recent advances in synthetic biology provide new tools for metabolic engineers to direct their strategies and construct optimal biocatalysts for the sustainable production of biofuels. Metabolic engineering and synthetic biology efforts entailing the engineering of native and de novo pathways for conversion of biomass constituents to short-chain alcohols and advanced biofuels are herewith reviewed. In the foreseeable future, formal integration of functional genomics and systems biology with synthetic biology and metabolic engineering will undoubtedly support the discovery, characterization, and engineering of new metabolic routes and more efficient microbial systems for the production of biofuels. PMID:20089184

Cyber Security and Resilient Systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Robert S. Anderson

2009-07-01

The Department of Energy (DOE) Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has become a center of excellence for critical infrastructure protection, particularly in the field of cyber security. It is one of only a few national laboratories that have enhanced the nation’s cyber security posture by performing industrial control system (ICS) vendor assessments as well as user on-site assessments. Not only are vulnerabilities discovered, but described actions for enhancing security are suggested – both on a system-specific basis and from a general perspective of identifying common weaknesses and their corresponding corrective actions. These cyber security programs have performed over 40 assessments tomore » date which have led to more robust, secure, and resilient monitoring and control systems for the US electrical grid, oil and gas, chemical, transportation, and many other sectors. In addition to cyber assessments themselves, the INL has been engaged in outreach to the ICS community through vendor forums, technical conferences, vendor user groups, and other special engagements as requested. Training programs have been created to help educate all levels of management and worker alike with an emphasis towards real everyday cyber hacking methods and techniques including typical exploits that are used. The asset owner or end user has many products available for its use created from these programs. One outstanding product is the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Cyber Security Procurement Language for Control Systems document that provides insight to the user when specifying a new monitoring and control system, particularly concerning security requirements. Employing some of the top cyber researchers in the nation, the INL can leverage this talent towards many applications other than critical infrastructure. Monitoring and control systems are used throughout the world to perform simple tasks such as cooking in a microwave to complex ones such as the monitoring and control of the next generation fighter jets or nuclear material safeguards systems in complex nuclear fuel cycle facilities. It is the intent of this paper to describe the cyber security programs that are currently in place, the experiences and successes achieved in industry including outreach and training, and suggestions about how other sectors and organizations can leverage this national expertise to help their monitoring and control systems become more secure.« less

30 CFR 250.1634 - Site security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Site security. 250.1634 Section 250.1634 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFSHORE OIL... security. (a) All locations where sulphur is produced, measured, or stored shall be operated and maintained...

30 CFR 250.1634 - Site security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Site security. 250.1634 Section 250.1634 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFSHORE OIL... security. (a) All locations where sulphur is produced, measured, or stored shall be operated and maintained...

30 CFR 250.1634 - Site security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Site security. 250.1634 Section 250.1634 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFSHORE OIL... security. (a) All locations where sulphur is produced, measured, or stored shall be operated and maintained...

Iraq: Oil and Gas Legislation, Revenue Sharing, and U.S. Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-07-17

Measuring Stability and Security in Iraq - June 2007, pp. 9, 11-12. 23 Some of the presumptive contracts for oil exploration in Iraq, signed with the...production,” Annex 3 listed 27 fields not near production and open to international oil companies or the INOC , and Annex 4 delineated 65 exploration...legislative package are proposed laws that will reorganize Iraq’s Ministry of Oil and establish an Iraqi National Oil Company ( INOC ). Under the hydrocarbon

46 CFR 162.050-39 - Measurement of oil content.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Measurement of oil content. 162.050-39 Section 162.050-39 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT Pollution Prevention Equipment § 162.050-39 Measurement of oil content. The collection and...

33 CFR 151.35 - Certificates needed to carry Category D NLS and Category D Oil-like NLS.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Noxious Liquid Substance Pollution § 151.35 Certificates needed to carry Category D NLS and Category D Oil-like... GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID...

33 CFR 151.33 - Certificates needed to carry Category C Oil-like NLS.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Noxious Liquid Substance Pollution § 151.33 Certificates needed to carry Category C Oil-like NLS. (a) A U.S. oceangoing ship may not... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL...

33 CFR 135.103 - Levy and payment of barrel fee on OCS oil.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Levy and payment of barrel fee on OCS oil. 135.103 Section 135.103 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION...

33 CFR 135.103 - Levy and payment of barrel fee on OCS oil.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Levy and payment of barrel fee on OCS oil. 135.103 Section 135.103 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION...

33 CFR 135.103 - Levy and payment of barrel fee on OCS oil.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Levy and payment of barrel fee on OCS oil. 135.103 Section 135.103 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION...

33 CFR 135.103 - Levy and payment of barrel fee on OCS oil.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Levy and payment of barrel fee on OCS oil. 135.103 Section 135.103 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION...

33 CFR 135.103 - Levy and payment of barrel fee on OCS oil.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Levy and payment of barrel fee on OCS oil. 135.103 Section 135.103 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION...

33 CFR 155.350 - Oily mixture (bilge slops)/fuel oil tank ballast water discharges on oceangoing ships of less...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

....350 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR VESSELS Vessel Equipment § 155.350 Oily... this section by the date of its initial survey prior to receiving its International Oil Pollution...

33 CFR 155.370 - Oily mixture (bilge slops)/fuel oil tank ballast water discharges on oceangoing ships of 10,000...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

....370 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR VESSELS Vessel Equipment § 155.370 Oily... prior to receiving its International Oil Pollution Prevention (IOPP) certificate. (ii) Any ship, other...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mahan, Robert E.; Fluckiger, Jerry D.; Clements, Samuel L.

This document was developed to provide guidance for the implementation of secure data transfer in a complex computational infrastructure representative of the electric power and oil and natural gas enterprises and the control systems they implement. For the past 20 years the cyber security community has focused on preventative measures intended to keep systems secure by providing a hard outer shell that is difficult to penetrate. Over time, the hard exterior, soft interior focus changed to focus on defense-in-depth adding multiple layers of protection, introducing intrusion detection systems, more effective incident response and cleanup, and many other security measures. Despitemore » much larger expenditures and more layers of defense, successful attacks have only increased in number and severity. Consequently, it is time to re-focus the conventional approach to cyber security. While it is still important to implement measures to keep intruders out, a new protection paradigm is warranted that is aimed at discovering attempted or real compromises as early as possible. Put simply, organizations should take as fact that they have been, are now, or will be compromised. These compromises may be intended to steal information for financial gain as in the theft of intellectual property or credentials that lead to the theft of financial resources, or to lie silent until instructed to cause physical or electronic damage and/or denial of services. This change in outlook has been recently confirmed by the National Security Agency [19]. The discovery of attempted and actual compromises requires an increased focus on monitoring events by manual and/or automated log monitoring, detecting unauthorized changes to a system's hardware and/or software, detecting intrusions, and/or discovering the exfiltration of sensitive information and/or attempts to send inappropriate commands to ICS/SCADA (Industrial Control System/Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) systems.« less

Life cycle greenhouse gas emissions, consumptive water use and levelized costs of unconventional oil in North America

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mangmeechai, Aweewan

Conventional petroleum production in many countries that supply U.S. crude oil as well as domestic production has declined in recent years. Along with instability in the world oil market, this has stimulated the discussion of developing unconventional oil production, e.g., oil sands and oil shale. Expanding the U.S. energy mix to include oil sands and oil shale may be an important component in diversifying and securing the U.S. energy supply. At the same time, life cycle GHG emissions of these energy sources and consumptive water use are a concern. In this study, consumptive water use includes not only fresh water use but entire consumptive use including brackish water and seawater. The goal of this study is to determine the life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and consumptive water use of synthetic crude oil (SCO) derived from Canadian oil sands and U.S. oil shale to be compared with U.S. domestic crude oil, U.S. imported crude oil, and coal-to-liquid (CTL). Levelized costs of SCO derived from Canadian oil sands and U.S. oil shale were also estimated. The results of this study suggest that CTL with no carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) and current electricity grid mix is the worst while crude oil imported from United Kingdom is the best in GHG emissions. The life cycle GHG emissions of oil shale surface mining, oil shale in-situ process, oil sands surface mining, and oil sands in-situ process are 43% to 62%, 13% to 32%, 5% to 22%, and 11% to 13% higher than those of U.S. domestic crude oil. Oil shale in-situ process has the largest consumptive water use among alternative fuels, evaluated due to consumptive water use in electricity generation. Life cycle consumptive water use of oil sands in-situ process is the lowest. Specifically, fresh water consumption in the production processes is the most concern given its scarcity. However, disaggregated data on fresh water consumption in the total water consumption of each fuel production process is not available. Given current information, it is inconclusive whether unconventional oil would require more or less consumptive fresh water use than U.S. domestic crude oil production. It depends on the water conservative strategy applied in each process. Increasing import of SCO derived from Canadian oil sands and U.S. oil shale would slightly increase life cycle GHG emissions of the U.S. petroleum status quo. The expected additional 2 million bpd of Canadian SCO from oil sands and U.S. oil shale would increase life cycle GHG emissions of the U.S. petroleum status quo on average only 10 and 40 kg CO2 equiv/bbl, or about 7.5 and 29 million tons CO2 equiv/year. However this increase represents less than 1 and 5% of U.S. transportation emissions in 2007. Because U.S. oil shale resources are located in areas experiencing water scarcity, methods to manage the issue were explored. The result also shows that trading water rights between Upper and Lower Colorado River basin and transporting synthetic crude shale oil to refinery elsewhere is the best scenario for life cycle GHG emissions and consumptive water use of U.S. oil shale production. GHG emissions and costs of water supply system contribute only 1-2% of life cycle GHG emissions and 1-6% of total levelized costs. The levelized costs of using SCO from oil shale as feedstock are greater than SCO from oil sands, and CTL. The levelized costs of producing liquid fuel (gasoline and diesel) using SCO derived from Canadian oil sands as feedstock are approximately 0.80-1.00/gal of liquid fuel. The levelized costs of SCO derived from oil shale are 1.6-4.5/gal of liquid fuel (oil shale surface mining process) and 1.6-5.2/gal of liquid fuel (oil shale in-situ process). From an energy security perspective, increasing the use of Canadian oil sands, U.S. oil shale, and CTL may be preferable to increasing Middle East imports. However, oil shale and CTL has the advantage security wise over Canadian oil sands because oil shale and coal are abundant U.S. resources. From a GHG emissions and consumptive water use perspective, CTL requires less consumptive water use than oil shale in-situ process but produces more GHG emissions than oil shale in-situ and surface mining process, unless CTL plant performs CCS and renewable electricity.

A review on microbial lipids as a potential biofuel.

PubMed

Shields-Menard, Sara A; Amirsadeghi, Marta; French, W Todd; Boopathy, Raj

2018-07-01

Energy security, environmental concerns, and unstable oil prices have been the driving trifecta of demand for alternative fuels in the United States. The United States' dependence on energy resources, often from unstable oil-producing countries has created political insecurities and concerns. As we try to gain energy security, unconventional oil becomes more common, flooding the market, and causing the major downshift of the usual unstable oil prices. Meanwhile, consumption of fossil fuels and the consequent CO 2 emissions have driven disruptions in the Earth's atmosphere and are recognized to be responsible for global climate change. While the significance of each of these three factors may fluctuate with global politics or new technologies, transportation energy will remain the prominent focus of multi-disciplined research. Bioenergy future depends on the price of oil. Current energy policy of the United States heavily favors petroleum industry. In this review, the current trend in microbial lipids as a potential biofuel is discussed. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

How does India’s Energy Security Affect her National Security?

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-01

these are referred to as biogases . Sources of biogas include swamps, marshes, and landfills  as well as sewage sludge and manure by way of anaerobic...along with the acquisition of equity shares in oil and gas reserves overseas.6 The two most attractive sources of energy for India are Iran and the...jointly bidding for oil exploration rights in some regions like Africa and Siberia. On the other hand, the same two companies have bid against each

33 CFR 155.810 - Tank vessel security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Tank vessel security. 155.810..., Procedures, Equipment, and Records § 155.810 Tank vessel security. Operators of tank vessels carrying more oil cargo residue than normal in any cargo tank must assign a surveillance person or persons...

33 CFR 155.810 - Tank vessel security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Tank vessel security. 155.810..., Procedures, Equipment, and Records § 155.810 Tank vessel security. Operators of tank vessels carrying more oil cargo residue than normal in any cargo tank must assign a surveillance person or persons...

Indonesia: An Environmental Security Assessment

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-04-01

Jakarta estimates a 300-330 percent rise in emissions from most major pollutants between 1980 and 2000.12 Subsidies on gasoline, kerosene, and fuel oil ...make driving cars and using “dirtier” fuel oil easier than trying alternative energy means. Finding suitable ways to control emissions will be a...government- run oil -fired power plant on Sumatra is using low sulfur oil to reduce air pollutants. The government also sponsors a Clean City Program

Black Gold Revolution: What New Oil Means for American Security Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-01

States will keep most or all discovered oil for domestic uses. Incidentally, current laws forbid the export of American oil for this reason. Oil...three prevalent international orders are balance-of-power, hegemonic and constitutional .5 Each of these differs in the distribution of power...peaceful transition, it must consider Gilpin’s concept of prestige to retain influence. This consideration leads to the final order, a constitutional

No Oil for the Lamps of China

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

NO OIL FOR THE LAMPS OF CHINA? Gabriel B. Collins and William S. Murray The ubiquitous Made in China stickers and labels on consumer products re-mind...security coop- eration between China and other major oil consumers . ASSUMPTIONS The imperatives of continued economic growth and global interdependence...tanker carrying oil bound for several consumers .23 For example, of a VLCC’s two-million-barrel crude oil cargo, 8 4 N A V A L W A R C O L L E G E R E V

Escaping America’s Future: A Clarion Call for a National Energy Security Strategy

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-06-01

the heavy oils, the air by means of the ultra refined oils, and the land by means of the petrol and the illuminating oils. And in addition to these he... Deepwater Horizon oil spill incident in the Gulf, although classified an accident, demonstrates how damaging a potential attack on infrastructure could...energy, but has suffered recent setbacks due to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. The Outer Continental Shelf surrounding the

33 CFR 135.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND General § 135.1 Purpose... oil pollution liability and compensation, including the administration and general operation of the...

33 CFR 135.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND General § 135.1 Purpose... oil pollution liability and compensation, including the administration and general operation of the...

33 CFR 135.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND General § 135.1 Purpose... oil pollution liability and compensation, including the administration and general operation of the...

33 CFR 135.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND General § 135.1 Purpose... oil pollution liability and compensation, including the administration and general operation of the...

33 CFR 135.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND General § 135.1 Purpose... oil pollution liability and compensation, including the administration and general operation of the...

Research of Energy Substitution Strategy of China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Lifeng; kai, Chen

For a long time, China's energy endowment structure determines the production structure and consumption structure of energy are coal-based.This situation is difficult to change for quite a long time. With the rapid economic growth, industrialization and urbanization, the demand for energy, especially for oil, natural gas will continue to increase. But the oil and gas supply can not meet the needs of rapid growth. The most direct way is to import, and imports will be charged by the international energy situation, and will affect energy and economic security. In view of our country abundant coal resources, we can consider to use coal substituting oil and natural gas to reduce dependence on foreign energy, to strengthen energy and economic security. Therefore, using translog production function, the text forecasts substitution elasticity and the marginal substitution rate between the capital, coal, oil and natural gas, and puts forward substitution program.

46 CFR 167.15-40 - Integral fuel oil tank examinations-T/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Integral fuel oil tank examinations-T/ALL. 167.15-40 Section 167.15-40 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Inspections § 167.15-40 Integral fuel oil tank examinations—T/ALL. (a) Each...

46 CFR 167.15-40 - Integral fuel oil tank examinations-T/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Integral fuel oil tank examinations-T/ALL. 167.15-40 Section 167.15-40 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Inspections § 167.15-40 Integral fuel oil tank examinations—T/ALL. (a) Each...

46 CFR 167.15-40 - Integral fuel oil tank examinations-T/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Integral fuel oil tank examinations-T/ALL. 167.15-40 Section 167.15-40 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Inspections § 167.15-40 Integral fuel oil tank examinations—T/ALL. (a) Each...

46 CFR 167.15-40 - Integral fuel oil tank examinations-T/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Integral fuel oil tank examinations-T/ALL. 167.15-40 Section 167.15-40 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Inspections § 167.15-40 Integral fuel oil tank examinations—T/ALL. (a) Each...

Twenty Years of Clean Energy

Science.gov Websites

, 1977 as the Solar Energy Research Institute in the wake of the Arab oil embargo. In 1991, its mission growing dependence on foreign oil while creating thousands of new American jobs. Our use of energy from security and the American economy. The U.S. now imports a larger percentage of its oil from foreign sources

Modelling multiple threats to water security in the Peruvian Amazon using the WaterWorld policy support system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van Soesbergen, A. J. J.; Mulligan, M.

2014-01-01

This paper describes the application of WaterWorld (www.policysupport.org/waterworld) to the Peruvian Amazon, an area that is increasingly under pressure from deforestation and water pollution as a result of population growth, rural-to-urban migration and oil and gas extraction, potentially impacting both water quantity and water quality. By applying single and combined plausible scenarios of climate change, deforestation around existing and planned roads, population growth and rural-urban migration, mining and oil and gas exploitation, we explore the potential combined impacts of these multiple changes on water resources in the Peruvian Amazon.

Three Blind Men and the Elephant

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Long, J S

2007-02-13

Just like the blind men in the popular story of perceiving the elephant, the three major constituencies participating in the energy debate have greatly different perceptions of the problem. The constituency that is worried about climate change believes the energy problem is caused by profligate use of fossil fuel that has dramatically changed our atmosphere. The energy security group sees dangerous reliance on foreign sources of oil increasingly held by countries hostile to the US. The economic vitality group sees high energy prices and their effect on the economy and our life-style. Just like the blind men, each of themore » three constituencies perceives a different problem. And just as with the blind men, while each perspective is right as a piece of the elephant, it takes all the perspectives together to actually solve the problem. Environmentalists focus on solutions responding to the scientific consensus that greenhouse gases are creating rapid climate change. The tipping point has come: it is now a consensus position among scientists the global warming is being affected by anthropogenic activity to 90% certainty according to the last IPCC report. Although they still struggle with the prediction of how much global temperatures will rise if we do nothing--is it 5 deg or 10 under BAU? This group believes that we cannot afford to take a chance because we get only one chance. We can not afford to do this kind of experiment with the Earth. Any choice which decreases our CO{sub 2} footprint is favored, even if it means a decrease in standard of living. The energy security constituency sees the geo-politics of oil becoming increasingly dire. They look at oil money being used to fund anti-American activities of groups such as the Wahabis in Saudi Arabia, Hezbollah in Lebanon and the infamous Al Qaeda. They quip that the Iraq war is the first war where we are paying for both sides. They note Iran and the Shia throughout the Middle East seeing the possibility of controlling 2/3 of the world's oil. They see oil and gas being used by Russia to exert political power using the gas tap and Hugo Chavez in Venezuela clearly anti-American and now a virtual dictator who controls 15% of our oil imports. Conflicts in Nigeria over oil wealth and corruption affected our oil supply. Countries such as China are at best unwilling to join political action against countries such as Sudan that supply them oil, and at worst, selling them arms in order to cement their relationships with respect to importing oil. This security constituency favors ending our vulnerability by ending our ''addiction to foreign oil''. This group thinks that there is no domestic source of energy that is bad. They will be happy to see our corn turned into ethanol; our coal turned into liquid fuel for transportation. No matter that the price of tortillas doubles in Mexico, we expand corn farming at the expense of the environment, our tanks and pipes in gas stations corrode and leak, or we make liquid fuel from coal, thus increasing the carbon footprint by 30% per unit of energy. The economic vitality group sees increasing international demand for oil occurring simultaneously with a peaking supply of light sweet crude. They see an oil market where higher prices drive more production of oil which is heavier and more sour (supply follows demand). However, fast growth in world-wide demand increases even faster and prices will go up. For example, China adds 10,000 cars per month, and there is an uncanny correlation between the price of oil and the amount of oil imported by China. The security contingent also worries about reliability of supply as affected by pipeline leaks in Alaska or hurricanes or potential terrorism. This constituency thinks the problem is one of capacity and favors solutions that will increase oil production, reservoirs, pipelines and refineries. They believe that the energy system will be determined by the market and want solutions that favor investment in capacity. What the environmentalists don't seem to get is climate change by itself will fail to gather broad enough support to achieve the environmentalists goals. People will not likely choose to shiver in the dark for a climate problem which is intangible to them. Where environmentalists have been successful they have built coalitions with other constituencies. As an example, the renewable energy portfolio standards (RPS) in California, Nevada, New York, and Texas etc. are supported by people who want to lower emissions to protect air quality, or protect the state from energy supply crises or promote economic development within the boundaries of the state. The adoption of an RPS addresses a coalition of interests. In Nevada, there was an effort to change the RPS to a low-carbon portfolio standard. The effort failed because those who were interested in economic development or energy security in the state saw no benefit.« less

77 FR 48582 - In the Matter of Ameriwest Energy Corp., Clyvia, Inc., and Crown Oil & Gas, Inc.; Order of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-14

... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [File No. 500-1] In the Matter of Ameriwest Energy Corp., Clyvia, Inc., and Crown Oil & Gas, Inc.; Order of Suspension of Trading August 10, 2012. It appears to... Crown Oil & Gas, Inc. because it has not filed any periodic reports since the period ended March 31...

33 CFR Appendix D to Part 154 - Training Elements for Oil Spill Response Plans

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Response Plans D Appendix D to Part 154 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION FACILITIES TRANSFERRING OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL IN BULK Pt. 154, App. D Appendix D to Part 154—Training Elements for Oil Spill Response Plans 1. General 1.1The portion of the plan...

Subsurface Hybrid Power Options for Oil & Gas Production at Deep Ocean Sites

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Farmer, J C; Haut, R; Jahn, G

2010-02-19

An investment in deep-sea (deep-ocean) hybrid power systems may enable certain off-shore oil and gas exploration and production. Advanced deep-ocean drilling and production operations, locally powered, may provide commercial access to oil and gas reserves otherwise inaccessible. Further, subsea generation of electrical power has the potential of featuring a low carbon output resulting in improved environmental conditions. Such technology therefore, enhances the energy security of the United States in a green and environmentally friendly manner. The objective of this study is to evaluate alternatives and recommend equipment to develop into hybrid energy conversion and storage systems for deep ocean operations.more » Such power systems will be located on the ocean floor and will be used to power offshore oil and gas exploration and production operations. Such power systems will be located on the oceans floor, and will be used to supply oil and gas exploration activities, as well as drilling operations required to harvest petroleum reserves. The following conceptual hybrid systems have been identified as candidates for powering sub-surface oil and gas production operations: (1) PWR = Pressurized-Water Nuclear Reactor + Lead-Acid Battery; (2) FC1 = Line for Surface O{sub 2} + Well Head Gas + Reformer + PEMFC + Lead-Acid & Li-Ion Batteries; (3) FC2 = Stored O2 + Well Head Gas + Reformer + Fuel Cell + Lead-Acid & Li-Ion Batteries; (4) SV1 = Submersible Vehicle + Stored O{sub 2} + Fuel Cell + Lead-Acid & Li-Ion Batteries; (5) SV2 = Submersible Vehicle + Stored O{sub 2} + Engine or Turbine + Lead-Acid & Li-Ion Batteries; (6) SV3 = Submersible Vehicle + Charge at Docking Station + ZEBRA & Li-Ion Batteries; (7) PWR TEG = PWR + Thermoelectric Generator + Lead-Acid Battery; (8) WELL TEG = Thermoelectric Generator + Well Head Waste Heat + Lead-Acid Battery; (9) GRID = Ocean Floor Electrical Grid + Lead-Acid Battery; and (10) DOC = Deep Ocean Current + Lead-Acid Battery.« less

Report on the first Quadrennial Technology Review (QTR)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

2011-09-30

Access to clean, affordable, secure, and reliable energy has been a cornerstone of America’s economic growth. The Nation’s systems that produce, store, transmit, and use energy are falling short of U.S. needs. Maintaining energy security, bolstering U.S. competitiveness, and mitigating the environmental impacts of energy are long-­standing challenges. Governments, consumers, and the private sector have worked for decades to address these challenges, yet they remain among the Nation’s most pressing issues. President Obama has articulated broad national energy goals for reducing U.S. dependence on oil, reducing pollution, and investing in research and development (R&D) for clean-­energy technologies in the Unitedmore » States to create jobs. These include: Reducing oil imports by one-third by 2025; Supporting the deployment of 1 million electric vehicles on the road by 2015; Making non-residential buildings 20% more energy efficient by 2020; Deriving 80% of America's electricity from clean-energy sources by 2035; and Reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 175 by 2020 and 83% of 2050, from a 2005 baseline.« less

33 CFR 135.3 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

....3 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND General § 135.3...) Sustains an economic loss as a consequence of oil pollution arising from Outer Continental Shelf activities...

33 CFR 135.3 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

....3 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND General § 135.3...) Sustains an economic loss as a consequence of oil pollution arising from Outer Continental Shelf activities...

33 CFR 135.3 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

....3 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND General § 135.3...) Sustains an economic loss as a consequence of oil pollution arising from Outer Continental Shelf activities...

33 CFR 135.3 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

....3 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND General § 135.3...) Sustains an economic loss as a consequence of oil pollution arising from Outer Continental Shelf activities...

33 CFR 151.09 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

....09 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER... Pertains to Pollution from Ships Oil Pollution § 151.09 Applicability. (a) Except as provided in paragraph...

33 CFR 151.09 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

....09 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER... Pertains to Pollution from Ships Oil Pollution § 151.09 Applicability. (a) Except as provided in paragraph...

33 CFR 151.09 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

....09 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER... Pertains to Pollution from Ships Oil Pollution § 151.09 Applicability. (a) Except as provided in paragraph...

Notice and Supplemental Determination for Renewable Fuels Produced Under the Final Renewable Fuel Standard Program from Canola Oil

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This rule finalizes the determination that canola oil biodiesel meets the lifecycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction threshold of 50 required by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA).

33 CFR 155.330 - Oily mixture (bilge slops)/fuel oil tank ballast water discharges on U.S. non-oceangoing ships.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR VESSELS Vessel Equipment § 155.330 Oily mixture (bilge slops...

33 CFR 151.09 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

....09 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER... Pertains to Pollution from Ships Oil Pollution § 151.09 Applicability. (a) Except as provided in paragraph...

The Problem With Hugo

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-01-28

of the oil market and lack of diversity within its GDP makes Chavez‘s economy extremely dangerous and risky. If the oil prices would again decline...Venezuela is one of the top four suppliers of oil to the U.S. and America is Venezuela‘s top trading partner.53 The National Security Strategy (NSS...with Chavez (much like Cuba and Fidel Castro). The U.S.‘s declaration of seeking energy independence, while reducing the need for U.S. oil imports

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

Biodiesel, a renewable fuel produced from animal fats or vegetable oils, is popular among many vehicle owners and fleet managers seeking to reduce emissions and support U.S. energy security. Questions sometimes arise about the viability of fueling vehicles with straight vegetable oil (SVO), or waste oils from cooking and other processes, without intermediate processing. But SVO and waste oils differ from biodiesel (and conventional diesel) in some important ways and are generally not considered acceptable vehicle fuels for large-scale or long-term use.

Chinese Energy Security: The Myth of the Plan’s Frontline Status

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-08-01

management know-how so Chinese energy corporations can lower the risks.10 The Chinese economy is more resilient in the face of oil price shocks induced by...diesel. For example, the import quota is largely controlled by the big three oil companies—state-owned China National Petro- leum Corporation (CNPC...Sinopec, and the China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC). If pri- vate or smaller companies produce oil overseas and obtain import quotas

Combating Terrorism, Rebel Groups, and Armed Militias in the Face of Economic Prosperity Opportunities

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-04

FINAL 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Combatting Terrorism, Rebel Groups , and Armed...facing many security threats. Al-Shabaab in Somalia, armed rebel groups , and armed militia in South Sudan pose the greatest security challenges to the...these groups . 15. SUBJECT TERMS United States Africa Command, Al-Shabaab, Lamu Oil Pipeline, Security. 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17

Integrated Assessment of Palm Oil Mill Residues to Sustainable Electricity System (POMR-SES): A Case Study from Peninsular Malaysia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jaye, I. F. Md; Sadhukhan, J.; Murphy, R. J.

2018-05-01

Generating electricity from biomass are undeniably gives huge advantages to the energy security, environmental protection and the social development. Nevertheless, it always been negatively claimed as not economically competitive as compared to the conventional electricity generation system using fossil fuel. Due to the unfair subsidies given to renewable energy based fuel and the maturity of conventional electricity generation system, the commercialization of this system is rather discouraging. The uniqueness of the chemical and physical properties of the biomass and the functionality of the system are fully depending on the availability of the biomass resources, the capital expenditure of the system is relatively expensive. To remain competitive, biomass based system must be developed in their most economical form. Therefore the justification of the economies of scale of such system is become essential. This study will provide a comprehensive review of process to select an appropriate size for electricity generation plant from palm oil mill (POM) residues through the combustion of an empty fruit bunch (EFB) and biogas from the anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent (POME) in Peninsular Malaysia using a mathematical model and simulation using ASPEN Plus software package. The system operated at 4 MW capacity is expected to provide a return on investment (ROI) of 20% with a payback period of 6.5 years. It is notably agreed that the correct selection of generation plant size will have a significant impact on overall economic and environmental feasibility of the system.

33 CFR 133.7 - Requests: Amount.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 133.7 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OIL SPILL LIABILITY TRUST FUND; STATE ACCESS § 133.7... amount anticipated for immediate removal action for a single oil pollution incident, but, in any event...

33 CFR 135.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND General § 135.5...”; “claim”; “discharge”; “facility”; “Fund”; “guarantor”; “incident”; “offshore facility”; “oil pollution...

33 CFR 133.7 - Requests: Amount.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 133.7 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OIL SPILL LIABILITY TRUST FUND; STATE ACCESS § 133.7... amount anticipated for immediate removal action for a single oil pollution incident, but, in any event...

33 CFR 133.7 - Requests: Amount.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 133.7 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OIL SPILL LIABILITY TRUST FUND; STATE ACCESS § 133.7... amount anticipated for immediate removal action for a single oil pollution incident, but, in any event...

33 CFR 133.7 - Requests: Amount.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 133.7 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OIL SPILL LIABILITY TRUST FUND; STATE ACCESS § 133.7... amount anticipated for immediate removal action for a single oil pollution incident, but, in any event...

33 CFR 135.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND General § 135.5...”; “claim”; “discharge”; “facility”; “Fund”; “guarantor”; “incident”; “offshore facility”; “oil pollution...

33 CFR 135.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND General § 135.5...”; “claim”; “discharge”; “facility”; “Fund”; “guarantor”; “incident”; “offshore facility”; “oil pollution...

33 CFR 133.7 - Requests: Amount.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 133.7 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OIL SPILL LIABILITY TRUST FUND; STATE ACCESS § 133.7... amount anticipated for immediate removal action for a single oil pollution incident, but, in any event...

33 CFR 135.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND General § 135.5...”; “claim”; “discharge”; “facility”; “Fund”; “guarantor”; “incident”; “offshore facility”; “oil pollution...

33 CFR 135.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND General § 135.5...”; “claim”; “discharge”; “facility”; “Fund”; “guarantor”; “incident”; “offshore facility”; “oil pollution...

Pipeline safety and security : improved workforce planning and communication needed

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-08-01

Pipelines transport about 65 percent of the crude oil and refined oil products and nearly all of the natural gas in the United States. The Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS), within the Department of Transportation's (DOT) Research and Special Programs ...

Macroeconomics and oil-supply disruptions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hubbard, R.G.; Fry, R.C. Jr.

1981-04-01

Energy-economy interactions and domestic linkages have been used in a system of models. Domestic economic aggregates are linked with a model of the world oil market by a core macroeconomic model with real and financial sectors. The model can be used to examine the policy ramifications of various short-run scenarios. Demand factors are not taken as exogenous to the world oil market, nor are oil prices taken as exogenous to the US economy. Simulations of the model have generated endogenous cycles in the world oil market; which then affect the US economy primarily through output and inflation channels. Policy simulationmore » was centered around the short-run imposition of a disruption tariff. The disruption tariff exhibited at least some of the desirable features noted by its proponents, though it did not function as a shield against the short-run output loss forced by the disruption. One might also simulate the rebate of tariff revenues as a reduction in the social security payroll tax. Other possible simulations include the use of any of the fiscal and monetary instruments included in the model. The effectiveness of these other policy instruments will be examined in a later paper.« less

Future for oil and gas in the EEC. I

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1974-03-01

This study by UNICE (Union of Industries of the EEC), prepared prior to the October 1973 Mideast conflict, shows remarkable foresight in the light of subsequent events. Of the 3 major industrial units (the U.S., Europe, and Japan), Europe would be in the weakest position in the event of an energy shortage. During the 1973-85 period, the techncal risks threatening the security of Europe's oil supplies are subordinate to the political and economic risks: (1) Certain producing countries may be tempted to use their oil potential as a means of influencing foreign policy by limiting production, (2) international monetary problemsmore » and worldwide inflation may give rise to producer-country reactions which are not confined to the technical field, and (3) the utilization of the vast financial resources of some producer countries may prove a serious problem. UNICE considers it imperative for the EEC, in collaboration with industry and with due regard for the fundamental importance of competition, to arrive at a common energy policy as soon as possible and to take the decisions necessary to ensure the long-term security of energy supplies on satisfactory economic terms. The EEC and the national governments must seek to promote the security of energy supplies in all forms, ensure an adequate profitability level to finance investment, deal more flexibly with environmental problems, adopt a more homogenous attitude, and encourage the development of alternative energy sources. For oil specifically, there are 4 ways of reducing the political and economic risks threatening exploration and production: limiting demand for oil products, increasing energy supplies, facilitating the oil industry's activities, and encouraging action by governments.« less

Formulation of US international energy policies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1980-09-01

To find out how the United States develops international energy policy, GAO reviewed five major energy issues covering the period from early 1977 through 1979. The issues are: vulnerabilities to petroleum supply interruptions; long term national security strategy on imported oil prices; export of U.S. oil and gas production equipment and technology to the Soviety Union; World Bank initiatives to assist in financing oil and gas exploration and development in oil-importing developing countries; and the role of gas imports relative to the nation's future sources of gas.

30 CFR 250.1615 - Securing of wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Securing of wells. 250.1615 Section 250.1615 Mineral Resources MINERALS MANAGEMENT SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS AND SULPHUR... requirements if cap rock casing has been set. ...

Energy and National Security

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abelson, Philip H.

1973-01-01

Discussed in this editorial is the need for a broad and detailed government policy on energy use. Oil companies can not be given complete responsibility to demonstrate usage of different energy sources. The government should construct plants because energy is connected with national security. (PS)

Energy vulnerability relationships

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shaw, B.R.; Boesen, J.L.

The US consumption of crude oil resources has been a steadily growing indicator of the vitality and strength of the US economy. At the same time import diversity has also been a rapidly developing dimension of the import picture. In the early 1970`s, embargoes of crude oil from Organization of Producing and Exporting Countries (OPEC) created economic and political havoc due to a significant lack of diversity and a unique set of economic, political and domestic regulatory circumstances. The continued rise of imports has again led to concerns over the security of our crude oil resource but threats to thismore » system must be considered in light of the diversity and current setting of imported oil. This report develops several important issues concerning vulnerability to the disruption of oil imports: (1) The Middle East is not the major supplier of oil to the United States, (2) The US is not vulnerable to having its entire import stream disrupted, (3) Even in stable countries, there exist vulnerabilities to disruption of the export stream of oil, (4) Vulnerability reduction requires a focus on international solutions, and (5) DOE program and policy development must reflect the requirements of the diverse supply. Does this increasing proportion of imported oil create a {open_quotes}dependence{close_quotes}? Does this increasing proportion of imported oil present a vulnerability to {open_quotes}price shocks{close_quotes} and the tremendous dislocations experienced during the 1970`s? Finally, what is the vulnerability of supply disruptions from the current sources of imported oil? If oil is considered to be a finite, rapidly depleting resource, then the answers to these questions must be {open_quotes}yes.{close_quotes} However, if the supply of oil is expanding, and not limited, then dependence is relative to regional supply sources.« less

Incorporating the Delphi Technique to investigate renewable energy technology transfer in Saudi Arabia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Al-Otaibi, Nasir K.

Saudi Arabia is a major oil-producing nation facing a rapidly-growing population, high unemployment, climate change, and the depletion of its natural resources, potentially including its oil supply. Technology transfer is regarded as a means to diversify countries' economies beyond their natural resources. This dissertation examined the opportunities and barriers to utilizing technology transfer successfully to build renewable energy resources in Saudi Arabia to diversify the economy beyond oil production. Examples of other developing countries that have successfully used technology transfer to transform their economies are explored, including Japan, Malayasia, and the United Arab Emirates. Brazil is presented as a detailed case study to illustrate its transition to an economy based to a much greater degree than before on renewable energy. Following a pilot study, the Delphi Method was used in this research to gather the opinions of a panel of technology transfer experts consisting of 10 heterogeneous members of different institutions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, including aviation, telecommunication, oil industry, education, health systems, and military and governmental organizations. In three rounds of questioning, the experts identified Education, Dependence on Oil, and Manpower as the 3 most significant factors influencing the potential for success of renewable energy technology transfer for Saudi Arabia. Political factors were also rated toward the "Very Important" end of a Likert scale and were discussed as they impact Education, Oil Dependence, and Manpower. The experts' opinions are presented and interpreted. They form the basis for recommended future research and discussion of how in light of its political system and its dependence on oil, Saudi Arabia can realistically move forward on renewable energy technology transfer and secure its economic future.

33 CFR 138.20 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... as set forth in— (1) Section 1001 of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (33 U.S.C. 2701), respecting the... zone, liable, liability, navigable waters, mobile offshore drilling unit, natural resources, offshore facility, oil, owner or operator, person, remove, removal, removal costs, security interest, and United...

33 CFR 138.20 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... as set forth in— (1) Section 1001 of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (33 U.S.C. 2701), respecting the... zone, liable, liability, navigable waters, mobile offshore drilling unit, natural resources, offshore facility, oil, owner or operator, person, remove, removal, removal costs, security interest, and United...

33 CFR 138.20 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... as set forth in— (1) Section 1001 of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (33 U.S.C. 2701), respecting the... zone, liable, liability, navigable waters, mobile offshore drilling unit, natural resources, offshore facility, oil, owner or operator, person, remove, removal, removal costs, security interest, and United...

33 CFR 155.200 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

....200 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR VESSELS Vessel Equipment § 155.200...-5, 46 CFR 70.05-30, or 46 CFR 90.05-35 or pursuant to an International Oil Pollution Prevention...

33 CFR 155.200 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

....200 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR VESSELS Vessel Equipment § 155.200...-5, 46 CFR 70.05-30, or 46 CFR 90.05-35 or pursuant to an International Oil Pollution Prevention...

33 CFR 155.200 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

....200 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR VESSELS Vessel Equipment § 155.200...-5, 46 CFR 70.05-30, or 46 CFR 90.05-35 or pursuant to an International Oil Pollution Prevention...

33 CFR 155.200 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

....200 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR VESSELS Vessel Equipment § 155.200...-5, 46 CFR 70.05-30, or 46 CFR 90.05-35 or pursuant to an International Oil Pollution Prevention...

33 CFR 155.200 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

....200 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR VESSELS Vessel Equipment § 155.200...-5, 46 CFR 70.05-30, or 46 CFR 90.05-35 or pursuant to an International Oil Pollution Prevention...

Policy in Conflict: The Struggle Between Environmental Policy and Homeland Security Goals

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-01

security by reducing consumption in the most important petroleum consuming sector, that of automobile transportation. Some U.S. oil dollars may be...sustainable energy security by reducing consumption in the most important petroleum consuming sector, that of automobile transportation. Some U.S...39  A.  POLICY CHOICES............................................................................. 39  B.  WHY IS THIS PROBLEM IMPORTANT

Providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1965) to streamline and ensure onshore energy permitting, provide for onshore leasing certainty, and give certainty to oil shale development for American energy security, economic development, and job creation, and for other purposes, and providing for consideration of the bill (H.R. 2728) to recognize States' authority to regulate oil and gas operations and promote American energy security, development, and job creation.

THOMAS, 113th Congress

Rep. Bishop, Rob [R-UT-1

2013-11-18

House - 11/19/2013 On agreeing to the resolution Agreed to by recorded vote: 222 - 196 (Roll no. 591). (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status Agreed to in HouseHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Russian Oil and Natural Gas: Strategic Culture and Security Implications of European Dependence

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-12-01

Russia receives from consumption of oil and natural gas exports to Europe on their Gross National Product and economic growth for the future. By...Gross National Product and economic growth for the future. By understanding Russia’s strategic culture and the interdependence of European demand and...EXPORTS ...............66 1. Oil and Natural Gas Reserves and Production ..68 2. Exports to Europe ............................71 3. Revenues

46 CFR 162.050-39 - Measurement of oil content.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Measurement of oil content. 162.050-39 Section 162.050-39 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT Pollution Prevention Equipment § 162.050-39...

33 CFR 151.29 - Foreign ships.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

....29 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION... Implementation of MARPOL 73/78 and the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Oil Pollution § 151.29 Foreign ships. (a) Each oil tanker of 150 gross...

33 CFR 151.23 - Inspection for compliance and enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Implementation of MARPOL 73/78 and the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Oil Pollution § 151.23 Inspection...

33 CFR 151.23 - Inspection for compliance and enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Implementation of MARPOL 73/78 and the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Oil Pollution § 151.23 Inspection...

33 CFR 151.23 - Inspection for compliance and enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Implementation of MARPOL 73/78 and the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Oil Pollution § 151.23 Inspection...

33 CFR 151.23 - Inspection for compliance and enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Implementation of MARPOL 73/78 and the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Oil Pollution § 151.23 Inspection...

33 CFR 151.23 - Inspection for compliance and enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Implementation of MARPOL 73/78 and the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Oil Pollution § 151.23 Inspection...

Energy Security Role of Biofuels in Evolving Liquid Fuel Markets

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brown, Maxwell; Uria-Martinez, Rocio; Leiby, Paul N.

We explore the role of biofuels in mitigating the negative impacts of oil supply shocks on fuel markets under a range of oil price trajectories and biofuel blending mandate levels. Using a partial equilibrium model of US biofuels production and petroleum fuels trade, we discuss the adjustments in light-duty vehicle fuel mix, fuel prices, and renewable identification number (RIN) prices following each shock as well as the distribution of shock costs across market participants. Ethanol is used as both a complement (blend component in E10) and a substitute (in E15 and E85 blends) to gasoline. Results show that, during oilmore » supply shocks, the role of ethanol as a substitute dominates and allows some mitigation of the shock. As US petroleum imports decrease with growing US oil production, the net economic welfare effect of sudden oil price changes and the energy security role of biofuels becomes less clear than it has been in the past. Although fuel consumers lose when oil price increases due to an external shock, domestic fuel producers gain. In some cases, depending on import share and supply and demand elasticities, we show that the gain to producers could more than offset consumer losses. However, in most cases evaluated here, sudden oil-price increases remain costly.« less

The Arctic Region: A Requirement for New Security Architecture?

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

cooperation and mutually beneficial partnerships . Denmark’s security policy states that existing international law and established forums of cooperation...increase leadership in multinational forum and, develop comprehensive partnerships without the need to create a new security organization. Figure 3...Arctic region. Endnotes 1 Government of Canada, “Canada’s Arctic foreign policy” (Ottawa, Canada, 2007), 2. 2 WWF Global, “Arctic oil and gas”, http

77 FR 41873 - In the Matter of Alternative Energy Sources, Inc., Arlington Hospitality, Inc., Consolidated Oil...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-16

... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [File No. 500-1] In the Matter of Alternative Energy Sources, Inc., Arlington Hospitality, Inc., Consolidated Oil & Gas, Inc., CSMG Technologies, Inc., Dakotah... Alternative Energy Sources, Inc. because it has not filed any periodic reports since the period ended...

75 FR 70738 - Gulf Oil Limited Partnership; Supplemental Notice That Initial Market-Based Rate Filing Includes...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-18

... Limited Partnership; Supplemental Notice That Initial Market-Based Rate Filing Includes Request for... proceeding of Gulf Oil Limited Partnership's application for market-based rate authority, with an... CFR Part 34, of future issuances of securities and assumptions of liability. Any person desiring to...

46 CFR 162.050-19 - Oil content meter and bilge alarm test rig.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Oil content meter and bilge alarm test rig. 162.050-19 Section 162.050-19 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL ENGINEERING EQUIPMENT Pollution Prevention Equipment...

33 CFR 151.13 - Special areas for Annex I of MARPOL 73/78.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Implementation of MARPOL 73/78 and the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Oil Pollution § 151.13 Special...

33 CFR 151.21 - Ships of countries not party to MARPOL 73/78.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Implementation of MARPOL 73/78 and the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Oil Pollution § 151.21 Ships of...

33 CFR 153.205 - Fines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION CONTROL OF POLLUTION BY OIL AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES, DISCHARGE REMOVAL Notice of the Discharge of Oil or a Hazardous... Colorado 8th North Dakota 8th South Dakota 8th Region IX: California 11th Nevada 11th Arizona 11th Hawaii...

33 CFR 153.205 - Fines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION CONTROL OF POLLUTION BY OIL AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES, DISCHARGE REMOVAL Notice of the Discharge of Oil or a Hazardous... Colorado 8th North Dakota 8th South Dakota 8th Region IX: California 11th Nevada 11th Arizona 11th Hawaii...

33 CFR 153.205 - Fines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION CONTROL OF POLLUTION BY OIL AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES, DISCHARGE REMOVAL Notice of the Discharge of Oil or a Hazardous... Colorado 8th North Dakota 8th South Dakota 8th Region IX: California 11th Nevada 11th Arizona 11th Hawaii...

33 CFR 153.205 - Fines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION CONTROL OF POLLUTION BY OIL AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES, DISCHARGE REMOVAL Notice of the Discharge of Oil or a Hazardous... Colorado 8th North Dakota 8th South Dakota 8th Region IX: California 11th Nevada 11th Arizona 11th Hawaii...

Are Sovereign Wealth Funds a Threat to Australia’s National Security?

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-12

supplies are readily available. Australian reserves of Uranium and liquefied petroleum gas are more plentiful than oil , and global demand for them is......ABSTRACT Certain nations are growing unprecedented wealth from oil revenue and large trade surpluses, and are investing in other countries via

76 FR 55155 - Final Environmental Impact Statement for the Proposed Keystone XL Project

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-06

... proposed Project that is designed to transport crude oil produced from oil sands in the Western Canadian... of Energy, Defense, Transportation, Homeland Security, Justice, Interior, and Commerce, and the..., alternative pipeline designs, and alternative sites for aboveground facilities; the potential impacts of the...

33 CFR 133.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Purpose. 133.1 Section 133.1 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION... trust Fund (the Fund) for oil pollution removal costs under section 1012(d)(1) of the Oil Pollution Act...

33 CFR 133.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Purpose. 133.1 Section 133.1 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION... trust Fund (the Fund) for oil pollution removal costs under section 1012(d)(1) of the Oil Pollution Act...

33 CFR 133.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Purpose. 133.1 Section 133.1 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION... trust Fund (the Fund) for oil pollution removal costs under section 1012(d)(1) of the Oil Pollution Act...

33 CFR 133.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Purpose. 133.1 Section 133.1 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION... trust Fund (the Fund) for oil pollution removal costs under section 1012(d)(1) of the Oil Pollution Act...

33 CFR 133.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Purpose. 133.1 Section 133.1 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION... trust Fund (the Fund) for oil pollution removal costs under section 1012(d)(1) of the Oil Pollution Act...

33 CFR 151.49 - Category C and D Oil-like NLSs allowed for carriage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Implementation of MARPOL 73/78 and the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Noxious Liquid Substance...

33 CFR 151.49 - Category C and D Oil-like NLSs allowed for carriage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Implementation of MARPOL 73/78 and the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Noxious Liquid Substance...

33 CFR 151.49 - Category C and D Oil-like NLSs allowed for carriage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Implementation of MARPOL 73/78 and the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Noxious Liquid Substance...

33 CFR 151.21 - Ships of countries not party to MARPOL 73/78.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Implementation of MARPOL 73/78 and the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Oil Pollution § 151.21 Ships of...

33 CFR 151.21 - Ships of countries not party to MARPOL 73/78.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Implementation of MARPOL 73/78 and the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Oil Pollution § 151.21 Ships of...

33 CFR 151.33 - Certificates needed to carry Category C Oil-like NLS.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Implementation of MARPOL 73/78 and the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Noxious Liquid Substance...

33 CFR 151.33 - Certificates needed to carry Category C Oil-like NLS.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Implementation of MARPOL 73/78 and the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Noxious Liquid Substance...

33 CFR 151.49 - Category C and D Oil-like NLSs allowed for carriage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Implementation of MARPOL 73/78 and the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Noxious Liquid Substance...

33 CFR 151.21 - Ships of countries not party to MARPOL 73/78.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Implementation of MARPOL 73/78 and the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Oil Pollution § 151.21 Ships of...

33 CFR 151.33 - Certificates needed to carry Category C Oil-like NLS.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Implementation of MARPOL 73/78 and the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Noxious Liquid Substance...

Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia: Security Issues and Implications for U.S. Interests

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-11

that the United States is one of several powers in the South Caucasus that, in parallel with the uncompromising stances of opposing ultra -nationalist...Azerbaijan International Oil Corporation (AIOC), formed to exploit the Azeri-Chirag- deepwater Gunashli (ACG) oil and gas fields. In 1995, Heydar Aliyev

33 CFR 151.49 - Category C and D Oil-like NLSs allowed for carriage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Implementation of MARPOL 73/78 and the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Noxious Liquid Substance...

33 CFR 151.21 - Ships of countries not party to MARPOL 73/78.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Implementation of MARPOL 73/78 and the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Oil Pollution § 151.21 Ships of...

33 CFR 151.33 - Certificates needed to carry Category C Oil-like NLS.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Implementation of MARPOL 73/78 and the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Noxious Liquid Substance...

The Strategic Petroleum Reserve: United States energy security, oil politics, and petroleum reserves policies in the twentieth century

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beaubouef, Bruce Andre

The history of U.S. petroleum reserves policies in the twentieth century, including the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) program, provides a case study of the economic and political aspects of national security, and shows the ways in which the American political economy influences national security. One key problem plagued federal petroleum reserve programs and proposals throughout the twentieth century. In a political economy which traditionally placed strong emphasis upon the sanctity of private property and free markets, could the government develop an emergency petroleum reserve policy despite opposition from the private sector? Previous literature on the SPR and oil-stockpiling programs has largely disregarded the historical perspective, focusing instead upon econometric models, suggesting future oil-stockpiling policy options. This study will also make conclusions about the future of governmental oil-stockpiling policies, particularly with regard to the SPR program, but it will do so informed by a systematic history of the emergency petroleum reserve impulse in the twentieth century. Through a study of the emergency petroleum reserve impulse, one can see how the American political economy of oil and energy changed over the twentieth century. As petroleum became crucial to the military and then economic security of the United States, the federal government sought to develop emergency petroleum reserves first for the military, then for the civilian economy. But while the American petroleum industry could deliver the energy "goods" to American energy consumers at a reasonable price, the companies reigned supreme in the political equation. While that was true, federal petroleum reserve programs and proposals conflicted with and were overwhelmed by the historic American tradition of individual economic and private property rights. The depletion of American petroleum reserves changed that political equation, and the ensuing energy crises of the 1970s not only brought the issue of national energy autonomy into the realm of national security considerations, but also allowed for an unprecedented level of government intervention into the marketplace of oil and energy in peacetime. The federal government assumed the role of protecting and serving the interests of energy consumers, a role which had previously been the sole purview of the private sector. What resulted was a complex, chaotic, and controversial regulatory nightmare that highlighted the deficiencies of micro-management, and stoked the political momentum for deregulation in the 1980s, which continued into the 1990s. Gradually, government micro-management of the energy economy was abandoned. That left the SPR, a passive, market-conforming policy tool as the government's primary mechanism for combating energy crises. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Studies on marine oil spills and their ecological damage

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mei, Hong; Yin, Yanjie

2009-09-01

The sources of marine oil spills are mainly from accidents of marine oil tankers or freighters, marine oil-drilling platforms, marine oil pipelines, marine oilfields, terrestrial pollution, oil-bearing atmosphere, and offshore oil production equipment. It is concluded upon analysis that there are two main reasons for marine oil spills: (I) The motive for huge economic benefits of oil industry owners and oil shipping agents far surpasses their sense of ecological risks. (II) Marine ecological safety has not become the main concern of national security. Oil spills are disasters because humans spare no efforts to get economic benefits from oil. The present paper draws another conclusion that marine ecological damage caused by oil spills can be roughly divided into two categories: damage to marine resource value (direct value) and damage to marine ecosystem service value (indirect value). Marine oil spills cause damage to marine biological, fishery, seawater, tourism and mineral resources to various extents, which contributes to the lower quality and value of marine resources.

China’s Expansion into the Middle East and Its Effects on U.S. Foreign Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-03-01

and gas assessment report assessed that China has more than 102 billion tons of oil resources, only 26% of onshore oil have been verified which...Reserves Source: Oil and Gas Journal Volume 101.49 December 22, 2003, pp. 43-4732 D. U.S. STANCE REGARDING CHINESE ENERGY SECURITY POLICIES There have...Tu rke y So uth A fric a Ta iw an Gr ee ce Reporting Country B ar re ls (b bl )/D ay 2003 2004 2005 Table 4. Top Ten Iranian Crude Oil Export

A review of integration strategies for solid oxide fuel cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Xiongwen; Chan, S. H.; Li, Guojun; Ho, H. K.; Li, Jun; Feng, Zhenping

Due to increasing oil and gas demand, the depletion of fossil resources, serious global warming, efficient energy systems and new energy conversion processes are urgently needed. Fuel cells and hybrid systems have emerged as advanced thermodynamic systems with great promise in achieving high energy/power efficiency with reduced environmental loads. In particular, due to the synergistic effect of using integrated solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and classical thermodynamic cycle technologies, the efficiency of the integrated system can be significantly improved. This paper reviews different concepts/strategies for SOFC-based integration systems, which are timely transformational energy-related technologies available to overcome the threats posed by climate change and energy security.

Modelling multiple threats to water security in the Peruvian Amazon using the WaterWorld Policy Support System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van Soesbergen, A. J. J.; Mulligan, M.

2013-06-01

This paper explores a multitude of threats to water security in the Peruvian Amazon using the WaterWorld policy support system. WaterWorld is a spatially explicit, physically-based globally-applicable model for baseline and scenario water balance that is particularly well suited to heterogeneous environments with little locally available data (e.g. ungauged basins) and which is delivered through a simple web interface, requiring little local capacity for use. The model is capable of producing a hydrological baseline representing the mean water balance for 1950-2000 and allows for examining impacts of population, climate and land use change as well as land and water management interventions on hydrology. This paper describes the application of WaterWorld to the Peruvian Amazon, an area that is increasingly under pressure from deforestation and water pollution as a result of population growth, rural to urban migration and oil and gas extraction, potentially impacting both water quantity and water quality. By applying single and combined scenarios of: climate change, deforestation around existing and planned roads, population growth and rural-urban migration, mining and oil and gas exploitation, we explore the potential combined impacts of these multiple changes on water resources in the Peruvian Amazon and discuss the likely pathways for adaptation to and mitigation against their worst effects. See Mulligan et al. (2013) for a similar analysis for the entire Amazon Basin.

Fossil resource and energy security dynamics in conventional and carbon-constrained worlds

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McCollum, David; Bauer, Nico; Calvin, Katherine V.

Fossil resource endowments and the future development of fossil fuel prices are important factors that will critically influence the nature and direction of the global energy system. In this paper we analyze a multi-model ensemble of long-term energy and emissions scenarios that were developed within the framework of the EMF27 integrated assessment model inter-comparison exercise. The diverse nature of these models highlights large uncertainties in the likely development of fossil resource (coal, oil, and natural gas) consumption, trade, and prices over the course of the twenty-first century and under different climate policy frameworks. We explore and explain some of themore » differences across scenarios and models and compare the scenario results with fossil resource estimates from the literature. A robust finding across the suite of IAMs is that the cumulative fossil fuel consumption foreseen by the models is well within the bounds of estimated recoverable reserves and resources. Hence, fossil resource constraints are, in and of themselves, unlikely to limit future GHG emissions. Our analysis also shows that climate mitigation policies could lead to a major reallocation of financial flows between regions, in terms of expenditures on fossil fuels and carbon, and can help to alleviate near-term energy security concerns via the reductions in oil imports and increases in energy system diversity they will help to motivate.« less

The Military Dimension of the Niger Delta Crisis: Increasing the Effectiveness of Security Forces Through Information Operations

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-06-11

Torulagha makes strong accusations against the oil companies who he says barely conduct any environmental assessment before engaging in exploratory...residents widely regard the GoN as ―having collaborated with the multinational oil firms to alter the social and environmental stability of the area ...residents demanded resource control in the face of environmental degradation by multinational oil companies; and complaints of government marginalization

US Space Superiority: It was Good While it Lasted; Exploring the Contesting and Congesting of the Space Domain

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-04-11

of the Graduation Requirements Advisors: Dr. John T. Ackerman Dr. Kathleen Mahoney -Norris Maxwell Air Force...like to thank my advisors, Dr. John Ackerman and Dr. Kathleen Mahoney -Norris, for creating and administering the Future Trends course with such...Security Act of 2011. 49 Newman , Andrew. The Truth About Oil. 50 Miner, Dan. Beyond Oil: Appendix B: Fuel Depletion and Peak Oil Guarantee Volatility

France, West Germany, and the Security of the Persian Gulf

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-03-01

Revolution, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, and the Iran-Iraq Conflict have under - scored the vulnerability of Western oil supplies from the...areas. Under this policy in 1961, France drew 32 percent of her crude oil imports from Algeria and 20 percent from Iraq; thus receiving more than half of...her crude oil imports from sources under French political, or at least French company, control. French companies then produced 33 million tons of

A Crude Reality; Exploring the Interdependencies of Energy (Oil), the Macro-Economy, and National Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-04-11

Policy (SWEEP) optimizing our own natural resources in the near term (oil, natural gas, coal, nuclear, wind, solar, hydro, geothermal and synthetics... geothermal and synthetics), and displaces the oil based economy with a long term energy transformation plan based on renewable energy, is vital to...climb and supply begins to diminish. Global energy demands will continue to rise as the developing economies of countries like Brazil, Russia, China

30 CFR 250.1615 - Securing of wells.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Securing of wells. 250.1615 Section 250.1615 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFSHORE OIL... Manager in lieu of the above requirements if cap rock casing has been set. ...

30 CFR 250.1634 - Site security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Mineral Resources MINERALS MANAGEMENT SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFSHORE OIL AND GAS AND SULPHUR OPERATIONS IN THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF Sulphur Operations § 250.1634 Site security. (a) All locations... Regional Supervisor as soon as possible but no later than the next business day after discovery of the...

Transition from Selective Withdrawal to Light Layer Entrainment in an Oil-Water System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hartenberger, Joel; O'Hern, Timothy; Webb, Stephen; James, Darryl

2010-11-01

Selective withdrawal refers to the selective removal of fluid of one density without entraining an adjacent fluid layer of a different density. Most prior literature has examined removal of the lower density fluid and the transition to entraining the higher density fluid. In the present experiments, a higher density liquid is removed through a tube that extends just below its interface with a lower density fluid. The critical depth for a given flow rate at which the liquid-liquid interface transitions to entrain the lighter fluid was measured. Experiments were performed for a range of different light layer silicone oils and heavy layer water or brine, covering a range of density and viscosity ratios. Applications include density-stratified reservoirs and brine removal from oil storage caverns. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.

Method and apparatus for production of subsea hydrocarbon formations

DOEpatents

Blandford, Joseph W.

1995-01-01

A system for controlling, separating, processing and exporting well fluids produced from subsea hydrocarbon formations is disclosed. The subsea well tender system includes a surface buoy supporting one or more decks above the water surface for accommodating equipment to process oil, gas and water recovered from the subsea hydrocarbon formation. The surface buoy includes a surface-piercing central flotation column connected to one or more external floatation tanks located below the water surface. The surface buoy is secured to the seabed by one or more tendons which are anchored to a foundation with piles imbedded in the seabed. The system accommodates multiple versions on the surface buoy configuration.

ICS logging solution for network-based attacks using Gumistix technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Otis, Jeremy R.; Berman, Dustin; Butts, Jonathan; Lopez, Juan

2013-05-01

Industrial Control Systems (ICS) monitor and control operations associated with the national critical infrastructure (e.g., electric power grid, oil and gas pipelines and water treatment facilities). These systems rely on technologies and architectures that were designed for system reliability and availability. Security associated with ICS was never an inherent concern, primarily due to the protections afforded by network isolation. However, a trend in ICS operations is to migrate to commercial networks via TCP/IP in order to leverage commodity benefits and cost savings. As a result, system vulnerabilities are now exposed to the online community. Indeed, recent research has demonstrated that many exposed ICS devices are being discovered using readily available applications (e.g., ShodanHQ search engine and Google-esque queries). Due to the lack of security and logging capabilities for ICS, most knowledge about attacks are derived from real world incidents after an attack has already been carried out and the damage has been done. This research provides a method for introducing sensors into the ICS environment that collect information about network-based attacks. The sensors are developed using an inexpensive Gumstix platform that can be deployed and incorporated with production systems. Data obtained from the sensors provide insight into attack tactics (e.g., port scans, Nessus scans, Metasploit modules, and zero-day exploits) and characteristics (e.g., attack origin, frequency, and level of persistence). Findings enable security professionals to draw an accurate, real-time awareness of the threats against ICS devices and help shift the security posture from reactionary to preventative.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sheffield, J.

Energy availability in a country is of great importance to its economy and to raising and maintaining its standard of living. In 1994, the United States consumed more than 88 quadrillion Btu (quads) of energy and spent about $500 billion on fuels and electricity. Fortunately, the United States is well endowed with energy sources, notably fossil fuels, and possesses a considerable nuclear power industry. The United States also has significant renewable energy resources and already exploits much of its hydropower resources, which represent 10% of electricity production. Nevertheless, in 1994, the United States imported about 45% of the petroleum productsmore » it consumed, equivalent to about 17 quads of energy. This dependence on imported oil puts the country at risk of energy supply disruptions and oil price shocks. Previous oil shocks may have cost the country as much as $4 billion (in 1993 dollars) between 1973 and 1990. Moreover, the production and use of energy from fossil fuels are major sources of environmental damage. The corresponding situation in many parts of the world is more challenging. Developing countries are experiencing rapid growth in population, energy demand, and the environmental degradation that often results from industrial development. The near-term depletion of energy resources in response to this rapid growth runs counter to the concept of ''sustainable development''--development that meets the needs of today without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Energy research and development (R&D) to improve efficiency and to develop and deploy energy alternatives may be viewed, therefore, as an insurance policy to combat the dangers of oil shocks and environmental pollution and as a means of supporting sustainable development. These considerations guide the energy policy of the United States and of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). In its strategic plan, DOE identifies the fostering of ''a secure and reliable energy system that is environmentally and economically sustainable'' as the first component of its mission. The strategic goal established for energy resources, identified as one of DOE's four businesses, is for ''the Department of Energy and its partners [to] promote secure, competitive, and environmentally responsible energy systems that serve the needs of the public.'' DOE has also identified four strategic goals for its programs in energy resources: (1) strengthening the economy and raising living standards through improvements in the energy field; (2) protecting the environment by reducing the adverse environmental impacts associated with energy production, distribution, and use; (3) keeping America secure by reducing vulnerabilities to global energy market shocks; and (4) enhancing American competitiveness in a growing world energy market.« less

Caspian Sea International Environmental Security Game. Held at Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania on 16-17 November 1998

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-07-01

Environmental Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Robert E. Ebel Caspian Basin Oil and Gas: An Overview . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Brian R ...choke point near Baku, posing a threat to security of supply. 32 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE ANALYSIS OF THE CASPIAN SEA REGION BRIAN R . SHAW TERRY...up to 70% of the seasonal Caspian Sea level. Sources of water include runoff ( R ), precipitation (P), and groundwater flow (G); sink include

46 CFR 151.50-31 - Chlorine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... force the liquid out of the tank, compressed air, or other nonreactive gas, may be used to secure the desired rate of discharge, provided the air or gas is oil-free and thoroughly dried by passing it over... GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES BARGES CARRYING BULK...

46 CFR 151.50-31 - Chlorine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... force the liquid out of the tank, compressed air, or other nonreactive gas, may be used to secure the desired rate of discharge, provided the air or gas is oil-free and thoroughly dried by passing it over... GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES BARGES CARRYING BULK...

46 CFR 151.50-31 - Chlorine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... force the liquid out of the tank, compressed air, or other nonreactive gas, may be used to secure the desired rate of discharge, provided the air or gas is oil-free and thoroughly dried by passing it over... GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES BARGES CARRYING BULK...

17 CFR 229.302 - (Item 302) Supplementary financial information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... paragraphs 9-34 of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 69, “Disclosures about Oil and... financial information. 229.302 Section 229.302 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE... 1934 AND ENERGY POLICY AND CONSERVATION ACT OF 1975-REGULATION S-K Financial Information § 229.302...

77 FR 12867 - Accreditation of ALTOL Chemical and Environmental Lab Inc., as a Commercial Laboratory

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-02

... accredited to test petroleum, petroleum products, organic chemicals and vegetable oils for customs purposes... DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY U.S. Customs and Border Protection Accreditation of ALTOL Chemical..., Department of Homeland Security. ACTION: Notice of accreditation of Altol Chemical and Environmental Lab Inc...

Testing large volume water treatment and crude oil ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Report EPA’s Homeland Security Research Program (HSRP) partnered with the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) to build the Water Security Test Bed (WSTB) at the INL test site outside of Idaho Falls, Idaho. The WSTB was built using an 8-inch (20 cm) diameter cement-mortar lined drinking water pipe that was previously taken out of service. The pipe was exhumed from the INL grounds and oriented in the shape of a small drinking water distribution system. Effluent from the pipe is captured in a lagoon. The WSTB can support drinking water distribution system research on a variety of drinking water treatment topics including biofilms, water quality, sensors, and homeland security related contaminants. Because the WSTB is constructed of real drinking water distribution system pipes, research can be conducted under conditions similar to those in a real drinking water system. In 2014, WSTB pipe was experimentally contaminated with Bacillus globigii spores, a non-pathogenic surrogate for the pathogenic B. anthracis, and then decontaminated using chlorine dioxide. In 2015, the WSTB was used to perform the following experiments: • Four mobile disinfection technologies were tested for their ability to disinfect large volumes of biologically contaminated “dirty” water from the WSTB. B. globigii spores acted as the biological contaminant. The four technologies evaluated included: (1) Hayward Saline C™ 6.0 Chlorination System, (2) Advanced Oxidation Process (A

25 CFR 211.47 - Diligence, drainage and prevention of waste.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... operating wells on the leased lands while minerals production can be secured in paying quantities; (b) Protect the lease from drainage (if oil and gas or geothermal resources are being drained from the lease... the prevention of waste of oil or gas or other minerals, the entrance of water through wells drilled...

33 CFR 151.35 - Certificates needed to carry Category D NLS and Category D Oil-like NLS.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Implementation of MARPOL 73/78 and the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Noxious...

33 CFR 151.35 - Certificates needed to carry Category D NLS and Category D Oil-like NLS.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Implementation of MARPOL 73/78 and the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Noxious...

33 CFR 151.35 - Certificates needed to carry Category D NLS and Category D Oil-like NLS.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Implementation of MARPOL 73/78 and the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Noxious...

33 CFR 151.41 - Operating requirements for oceangoing ships with IOPP Certificates: Category C and D Oil-like NLSs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Implementation of... Pollution from Ships Noxious Liquid Substance Pollution § 151.41 Operating requirements for oceangoing ships...

33 CFR 151.41 - Operating requirements for oceangoing ships with IOPP Certificates: Category C and D Oil-like NLSs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Implementation of... Pollution from Ships Noxious Liquid Substance Pollution § 151.41 Operating requirements for oceangoing ships...

33 CFR 151.41 - Operating requirements for oceangoing ships with IOPP Certificates: Category C and D Oil-like NLSs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Implementation of... Pollution from Ships Noxious Liquid Substance Pollution § 151.41 Operating requirements for oceangoing ships...

33 CFR 151.41 - Operating requirements for oceangoing ships with IOPP Certificates: Category C and D Oil-like NLSs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Implementation of... Pollution from Ships Noxious Liquid Substance Pollution § 151.41 Operating requirements for oceangoing ships...

33 CFR 155.360 - Oily mixture (bilge slops) discharges on oceangoing ships of 400 gross tons and above but less...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR VESSELS Vessel Equipment § 155.360 Oily mixture (bilge slops... the date of its initial survey prior to receiving its International Oil Pollution Prevention (IOPP...

30 CFR 256.43 - Chargeability for production.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

....41 of this part, chargeability under § 256.46(g) of this part, 1.454 barrels of natural gas liquids... SULPHUR OR OIL AND GAS IN THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF Issuance of Leases § 256.43 Chargeability for..., certificate of deposit for a security, fractional undivided interest in oil, gas, or other mineral rights, or...

3 CFR 8431 - Proclamation 8431 of October 2, 2009. National Energy Awareness Month, 2009

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... global competitiveness and national security. Innovation in energy technology will decrease our oil use..., engineers, and entrepreneurs bring new and improved energy technologies to homes and businesses in this... importer of oil, or we can become the world's leading exporter of clean energy technology. We can allow...

33 CFR 151.41 - Operating requirements for oceangoing ships with IOPP Certificates: Category C and D Oil-like NLSs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Implementation of... Pollution from Ships Noxious Liquid Substance Pollution § 151.41 Operating requirements for oceangoing ships...

33 CFR 151.35 - Certificates needed to carry Category D NLS and Category D Oil-like NLS.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Implementation of MARPOL 73/78 and the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Noxious...

The Threat of Intentional Oil Spills to Desalination Plants in the Middle East: A U.S. Security Threat

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-04-01

desalination plants.”14 Kuwait and Qatar are almost entirely dependant on desalination plants already for their drinking water and with Qatar’s only aquifer ...rivers), below ground aquifers , and desalination facilities; the focus of this paper. Mary E. Morris most succinctly describes the basic water issues in...with different players and different issues: The first set involves the Jordan and Yarmuk River systems, as well as the West Bank and Gaza aquifers

Strategic Response to Energy-Related Security Threats in the US Department of Defense

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-10-15

generation in the United States are fossil fuels . These include coal, natural gas, and oil . In some cases solar, wind, geothermal, and hydroelectric...and findings. The research addressed engagement on climate change and energy security issues by DoD across various tiers and sectors of the...on climate change and energy security issues by DoD across various tiers and sectors of the organization. Specifically, a tripartite analysis

30 CFR 556.52 - Bond requirements for an oil and gas or sulphur lease.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... or alternative form of security maintained under this section, the surety's remaining liability under the bond or alternative form of security is reduced by the amount of that payment. See paragraph (e... lease. 556.52 Section 556.52 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF OCEAN ENERGY MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE...

30 CFR 556.52 - Bond requirements for an oil and gas or sulphur lease.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... or alternative form of security maintained under this section, the surety's remaining liability under the bond or alternative form of security is reduced by the amount of that payment. See paragraph (e... lease. 556.52 Section 556.52 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF OCEAN ENERGY MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE...

2007 Heartland Security Conference and Exhibition - Technology for Defense and Homeland Security Readiness

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-07-11

Corn Oil High Fructose Corn Syrup Gluten Meal Gluten Feed Starch Wet Feed Germ Meal Gluten Condensed Corn Fermented Extractives Energy...nuts. "Pigs can be picky eaters," Mr. Smith says, scooping a handful of banana chips, yogurt -covered raisins, dried papaya and cashews from one of

76 FR 64964 - Re-Accreditation and Re-Approval of Inspectorate America Corporation as a Commercial Gauger and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-19

... DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY Bureau of Customs and Border Protection Re-Accreditation and Re... Customs and Border Protection, Department of Homeland Security. ACTION: Notice of re-approval of..., has been re- approved to gauge petroleum and petroleum products, organic chemicals and vegetable oils...

Impact of lengthening open water season on food security in Alaska coastal communities: Global impacts may outweigh local "frontline" effects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rolph, R.; Mahoney, A. R.

2015-12-01

Using ice concentration data from the Alaska Sea Ice Atlas from 1953-2013 for selected communities in Alaska, we find a consistent trend toward later freeze up and earlier breakup, leading a lengthened open water period. Such changes are often considered to bring a variety of "frontline" local impacts to Arctic coastal communities such as increased rates of coastal erosion. However, direct consequences of these changes to local food security (e.g. through impacts on subsistence activities and marine transport of goods) may be outweighed at least in the short term by the effects of large scale Arctic sea ice change coupled with global oil markets. For example, a later freeze-up might delay local hunters' transition from boats to snow-machines, but whether this trend will affect hunting success, especially in the next few years, is uncertain. Likewise, the magnitude of change in open water season length is unlikely to be sufficient to increase the frequency with which communities are served by barges. However, an expanding open water season throughout the Arctic has implications for the global economy, which can have indirect effects on local communities. In the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas, where rapid sea ice change has been accompanied by increased interest in oil and gas development, the U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management currently requires drilling operations to cease 38 days prior to freeze up. Taking this into account, the lengthening open water season has effectively extended the drilling season for oil companies by 184% since the 1950s. If oil development goes ahead, local communities will likely experience a range of indirect impacts on food security due to increased vessel traffic and demand on infrastructure coupled with changes in local economies and employment opportunities. Increased likelihood of an oil spill in coastal waters also poses a significant threat to local food security. Thus, while Arctic coastal communities are already experiencing direct impacts of reduced sea ice extent, these may be over-shadowed by the indirect effects of global impacts.

Offshore oil and gas drilling: a necessity for US energy security

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

DiBona, C.J.

1984-12-06

The US remains vulnerable to significant interruptions in its oil supply, cautions the president of the American Petroleum Institute. Commenting on an increasingly precarious position maintained by the US, the author discusses government restrictions hindering development of domestic petroleum reserves and addresses the environmental concerns regarding offshore oil and gas drilling. Responsible efforts to increase production of these vital fuels will make an important contribution to the US economy and, the author urges, such action must begin soon.

World Oil Transit Chokepoints

EIA Publications

2014-01-01

The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) defines world oil chokepoints as narrow channels along widely-used global sea routes, some so narrow that restrictions are placed on the size of the vessel that can navigate through them. Chokepoints are a critical part of global energy security because of the high volume of petroleum and other liquids transported through their narrow straits.

15 CFR Supplement No. 3 to Part 754 - Statutory Provisions Dealing With Exports of Crude Oil

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Statutory Provisions Dealing With Exports of Crude Oil No. Supplement No. 3 to Part 754 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued) BUREAU OF INDUSTRY AND SECURITY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE EXPORT...

Review of NMR characterization of pyrolysis oils

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hao, Naijia; Ben, Haoxi; Yoo, Chang Geun

Here, pyrolysis of renewable biomass has been developed as a method to produce green fuels and chemicals in response to energy security concerns as well as to alleviate environmental issues incurred with fossil fuel usage. However, pyrolysis oils still have limited commercial application, mainly because unprocessed oils cannot be readily blended with current petroleum-based transportation fuels. To better understand these challenges, researchers have applied diverse characterization techniques in the development of bio-oil studies. In particular, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a key spectroscopic characterization method through analysis of bio-oil components. This review highlights the NMR strategies for pyrolysis oil characterizationmore » and critically discusses the applications of 1H, 13C, 31P, 19F, and two-dimensional (2-D NMR) analyses such as heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) in representative pyrolysis oil studies.« less

Review of NMR characterization of pyrolysis oils

DOE PAGES

Hao, Naijia; Ben, Haoxi; Yoo, Chang Geun; ...

2016-08-24

Here, pyrolysis of renewable biomass has been developed as a method to produce green fuels and chemicals in response to energy security concerns as well as to alleviate environmental issues incurred with fossil fuel usage. However, pyrolysis oils still have limited commercial application, mainly because unprocessed oils cannot be readily blended with current petroleum-based transportation fuels. To better understand these challenges, researchers have applied diverse characterization techniques in the development of bio-oil studies. In particular, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a key spectroscopic characterization method through analysis of bio-oil components. This review highlights the NMR strategies for pyrolysis oil characterizationmore » and critically discusses the applications of 1H, 13C, 31P, 19F, and two-dimensional (2-D NMR) analyses such as heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) in representative pyrolysis oil studies.« less

Developing AN Emergency Response Model for Offshore Oil Spill Disaster Management Using Spatial Decision Support System (sdss)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balogun, Abdul-Lateef; Matori, Abdul-Nasir; Wong Toh Kiak, Kelvin

2018-04-01

Environmental resources face severe risks during offshore oil spill disasters and Geographic Information System (GIS) Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) maps are increasingly being used as response tools to minimize the huge impacts of these spills. However, ESI maps are generally unable to independently harmonize the diverse preferences of the multiple stakeholders' involved in the response process, causing rancour and delay in response time. This paper's Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) utilizes the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model to perform tradeoffs in determining the most significant resources to be secured considering the limited resources and time available to perform the response operation. The AHP approach is used to aggregate the diverse preferences of the stakeholders and reach a consensus. These preferences, represented as priority weights, are incorporated in a GIS platform to generate Environmental sensitivity risk (ESR) maps. The ESR maps provide a common operational platform and consistent situational awareness for the multiple parties involved in the emergency response operation thereby minimizing discord among the response teams and saving the most valuable resources.

Clean and Secure Energy from Domestic Oil Shale and Oil Sands Resources

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Spinti, Jennifer; Birgenheier, Lauren; Deo, Milind

This report summarizes the significant findings from the Clean and Secure Energy from Domestic Oil Shale and Oil Sands Resources program sponsored by the Department of Energy through the National Energy Technology Laboratory. There were four principle areas of research; Environmental, legal, and policy issues related to development of oil shale and oil sands resources; Economic and environmental assessment of domestic unconventional fuels industry; Basin-scale assessment of conventional and unconventional fuel development impacts; and Liquid fuel production by in situ thermal processing of oil shale Multiple research projects were conducted in each area and the results have been communicated viamore » sponsored conferences, conference presentations, invited talks, interviews with the media, numerous topical reports, journal publications, and a book that summarizes much of the oil shale research relating to Utah’s Uinta Basin. In addition, a repository of materials related to oil shale and oil sands has been created within the University of Utah’s Institutional Repository, including the materials generated during this research program. Below is a listing of all topical and progress reports generated by this project and submitted to the Office of Science and Technical Information (OSTI). A listing of all peer-reviewed publications generated as a result of this project is included at the end of this report; Geomechanical and Fluid Transport Properties 1 (December, 2015); Validation Results for Core-Scale Oil Shale Pyrolysis (February, 2015); and Rates and Mechanisms of Oil Shale Pyrolysis: A Chemical Structure Approach (November, 2014); Policy Issues Associated With Using Simulation to Assess Environmental Impacts (November, 2014); Policy Analysis of the Canadian Oil Sands Experience (September, 2013); V-UQ of Generation 1 Simulator with AMSO Experimental Data (August, 2013); Lands with Wilderness Characteristics, Resource Management Plan Constraints, and Land Exchanges (March, 2012); Conjunctive Surface and Groundwater Management in Utah: Implications for Oil Shale and Oil Sands Development (May, 2012); Development of CFD-Based Simulation Tools for In Situ Thermal Processing of Oil Shale/Sands (February, 2012); Core-Based Integrated Sedimentologic, Stratigraphic, and Geochemical Analysis of the Oil Shale Bearing Green River Formation, Uinta Basin, Utah (April, 2011); Atomistic Modeling of Oil Shale Kerogens and Asphaltenes Along with their Interactions with the Inorganic Mineral Matrix (April, 2011); Pore Scale Analysis of Oil Shale/Sands Pyrolysis (March, 2011); Land and Resource Management Issues Relevant to Deploying In-Situ Thermal Technologies (January, 2011); Policy Analysis of Produced Water Issues Associated with In-Situ Thermal Technologies (January, 2011); and Policy Analysis of Water Availability and Use Issues for Domestic Oil Shale and Oil Sands Development (March, 2010)« less

Canada-United States oil and gas relations, 1958 to 1974

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nemeth, Tammy Lynn

While there were overtures from each country to develop a more formal accord to govern the trade of oil and natural gas at different times since 1958, Canada rejected that option in 1974 when it decided to phase out oil exports to the U.S. The main purpose of this research is to trace the development and evolution of Canada-U.S. oil and gas relations from the beginning of the informal continental relationship in 1959, through attempts to formalize a continental oil and gas agreement in the late 1960s, to the initial reversal of continentalism by Canada in 1974. This study examines and compares the changing influence of the explanatory variables of interest groups, international forces, national security, economics, ideas, and personalities on the energy decision- and policy-making processes of Canada and the U.S. between 1958 and 1974. Four key decisions or events that can be considered turning points in the Canada-U.S. oil and gas relationship are analysed and include: Canada's exemption to the American Mandatory Oil Import Program (MOIP); Canada's National Oil Policy (NOP); the near revocation of Canada's MOIP exemption; and Canada's decision to phase out oil exports. These events and relationships are situated in the larger context of interdependence, intergovernmental and transgovernmental relations, and the altered bureaucratic structures of governments in both countries over this period of time. Although decisions concerning Canada-U.S. oil and gas relations, and the pursuit and reversal of continentalist policies, were influenced by concerns regarding the pressure of various interest groups, international forces, national security, and changing economic and ideological circumstances; in the period examined here, the personalities of and personal relationships between Presidents and Prime Ministers, and the actions of key officials, as well as their transgovernmental networks across the border, often made the difference in determining what policy or approach was chosen when and why.

Method and apparatus for production of subsea hydrocarbon formations

DOEpatents

Blandford, J.W.

1995-01-17

A system for controlling, separating, processing and exporting well fluids produced from subsea hydrocarbon formations is disclosed. The subsea well tender system includes a surface buoy supporting one or more decks above the water surface for accommodating equipment to process oil, gas and water recovered from the subsea hydrocarbon formation. The surface buoy includes a surface-piercing central flotation column connected to one or more external flotation tanks located below the water surface. The surface buoy is secured to the sea bed by one or more tendons which are anchored to a foundation with piles imbedded in the sea bed. The system accommodates multiple versions on the surface buoy configuration. 20 figures.

Climate impacts on palm oil yields in the Nigerian Niger Delta

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Okoro, Stanley U.; Schickhoff, Udo; Boehner, Juergen; Schneider, Uwe A.; Huth, Neil

2016-04-01

Palm oil production has increased in recent decades and is estimated to increase further. The optimal role of palm oil production, however, is controversial because of resource conflicts with alternative land uses. Local conditions and climate change affect resource competition and the desirability of palm oil production. Based on this, crop yield simulations using different climate model output under different climate scenarios could be important tool in addressing the problem of uncertainty quantification among different climate model outputs. Previous studies on this region have focused mostly on single experimental fields, not considering variations in Agro-Ecological Zones, climatic conditions, varieties and management practices and, in most cases not extending to various IPCC climate scenarios and were mostly based on single climate model output. Furthermore, the uncertainty quantification of the climate- impact model has rarely been investigated on this region. To this end we use the biophysical simulation model APSIM (Agricultural Production Systems Simulator) to simulate the regional climate impact on oil palm yield over the Nigerian Niger Delta. We also examine whether the use of crop yield model output ensemble reduces the uncertainty rather than the use of climate model output ensemble. The results could serve as a baseline for policy makers in this region in understanding the interaction between potentials of energy crop production of the region as well as its food security and other negative feedbacks that could be associated with bioenergy from oil palm. Keywords: Climate Change, Climate impacts, Land use and Crop yields.

Fueling the Future: Furthering Theater Security with Burma’s Energy Industry

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-10-30

Illustrations Figure Title Page 1. Energy Assessment of Geologic Provinces in Burma, USGS 2 2. China’s “Malacca Dilemma” and...extractable” oil and natural gas. A recent geology-based assessment of undiscovered technically recoverable oil, natural gas and gas liquids conducted... Assessment of Geologic Provinces in Burma, U.S. Geological Survey, 2012 1 C.J. Wandey, et al

43 CFR 3162.7-5 - Site security on Federal and Indian (except Osage) oil and gas leases.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... connections they were used as well as when they were installed and removed. The site facility diagram(s) shall...-resettable totalizers. There shall be no by-pass piping around the LACT. All components of the LACT that are... possess the identification documentation required by appicable NTL's or onshore Orders while the oil is...

43 CFR 3162.7-5 - Site security on Federal and Indian (except Osage) oil and gas leases.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... connections they were used as well as when they were installed and removed. The site facility diagram(s) shall...-resettable totalizers. There shall be no by-pass piping around the LACT. All components of the LACT that are... possess the identification documentation required by appicable NTL's or onshore Orders while the oil is...

43 CFR 3162.7-5 - Site security on Federal and Indian (except Osage) oil and gas leases.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... connections they were used as well as when they were installed and removed. The site facility diagram(s) shall...-resettable totalizers. There shall be no by-pass piping around the LACT. All components of the LACT that are... possess the identification documentation required by appicable NTL's or onshore Orders while the oil is...

33 CFR 151.47 - Category D NLSs other than oil-like Category D NLSs that may be carried under this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Implementation of... Category D NLSs that may be carried under this part. The following is a list of Category D NLSs other than...

30 CFR 256.52 - Bond requirements for an oil and gas or sulphur lease.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... included in the Gulf of Mexico. Areawide bonds issued in the Gulf of Mexico will cover oil and gas or sulphur operations offshore the Atlantic Coast. The three areas are: (1) The Gulf of Mexico and the area... Treasury securities under this paragraph (f), you must monitor their value. If their market value falls...

Rarefaction Shock Wave Cutter for Offshore Oil-Gas Platform Removal Final Report CRADA No. TC02009.0

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Glenn, L. A.; Barker, J.

This was a collaborative effort between Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC/Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) (formerly the University of California) and Jet Research Center, a wholly owned division of Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. to design and prototype an improved explosive cutter for cutting the support legs of offshore oil and gas platforms.

Energy Security under Conditions of Uncertainty: Simulating a Comparative Bureaucratic Politics Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garrison, Jean A.; Redd, Steven B.; Carter, Ralph G.

2010-01-01

For those who must import oil to maintain their economies and quality of life, any disruption in the delivery of imported oil is a highly threatening prospect. How would U.S. policymakers react to such a threat in the contemporary era? We examine the potential policymaking roles and impacts of bureaucratic actors operating at the intersection of…

The future of energy security in the 21st Century

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gupta, Rajan

2006-10-01

Energy is essential for modern life and is a critical resource that we take for granted. Economies and security of nations depend on reliable and cost-effective access. As the world transitions from conventional oil and natural gas to nuclear, renewables, and unconventional sources we are increasingly confronted by many unsettling questions. Will there be enough cheap oil and gas for preserve the standard of living in the developed world and allow the industrializing world to develop? Will renewable sources provide a significant fraction of our energy needs in the near future? Is global warming already happening as a result of our consumption of fossil fuels? If there is a resource crunch before new sources come on line, will there be conflict or global cooperation? This talk will attempt to answer these questions by examining the global oil and gas resources, geopolitics, and key science and technology issues that need to be addressed by the global community with cooperation and a sense of urgency.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kelly, P.L.

This paper reports that last year's conflict in the Persian Gulf reminded the world of the crucial role energy plays in our civilization and placed the issue of energy back near the center of the political stage. Saddam Hussein's callous destruction of much of Kuwait's oil producing capacity highlighted the dependence of the industrial and developing world on a secure supply of oil and gas. This even gave momentum to policymakers in every nation of the world with significant hydrocarbon potential-except the U.S.-to encourage investment, provide incentives for exploration and development, and in so doing, increase the security of theirmore » own supply of oil and natural gas. As the curtain rises on 1992, the U.S. Congress continues to allow misconceptions, rather than fact, to drive energy policy and Outer Continental Shelf (OCSA) leasing decisions. As a result, domestic production will decline further in 1992, jobs and revenue will be lost, imports will rise, and the nation's energy future will be uncertain, because it relies more than ever on Middle Eastern production.« less

Indonesian CPO availability analysis to support food and energy security: a system dynamic approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rahman, T.; Arkeman, Y.; Setyaningsih, D.; Saparita, R.

2017-05-01

The development of biofuels could be a solution to overcome the energy problem. One of biofuel that has the potential to be developed, namely palm oil biodiesel that is also the raw material for food. As a provider of CPO raw materials, the production of palm biodiesel could trigger competitions, from biofuels demand growth and utilization of agricultural resources. Thus, it needs to be analyzed to determine the adequency of CPO supply to fulfill the need of food and policy recomendation which sets the development of palm oil biodiesel can be synergies with food need especially for the supply of raw material CPO. To obtain the optimal policy in the synergy between the raw material of CPO for food and energy is a need to establish some policy scenarios that allow to be applied and then chosen the best policy alternative of all scenarios. The purpose of this research were to : 1) analysis the availability of CPO to meet the needs of food and energy, 2) provide policy recommendation with regard biodiesel development of food security. The model made used system dynamic method. Several scenarios that used in the model are: 1) existing condition, 2) The scenario increase biodiesel production capacity and increase land productivity, 3) reduction scenario CPO export by 30%, 4) scenario use othe raw material for biodiesel by 20%. The simulation results showed the availability of CPO raw materials would answer all needs of both food and biodiesel when there was an increase in productivity, diversification of raw materials, and also a reduction in palm oil exports. It was needed an integrated policy from upstream to downstream along with the consistency of implementation. Policy suggestions that could be considered were increased productivity through agricultural intensification, enforcement disincentive policies of CPO to exports, and development of non-CPO biodiesel raw materials and development of renewable energy.

Federal roles to realize national energy-efficiency opportunities in the 1990s

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hirst, Eric

1989-10-01

Improving energy efficiency throughout the U.S. economy is a vital component of our nation's energy future, with many benefits. Improving efficiency can: save money consumers, increase economic productivity and international competitiveness, reduce oil and gas prices by reducing the demand for foreign oil, enhance national security by lowering oil imports, reduce the adverse environmental consequences of fuel cycles, especially acid rain and global warming, add diversity and flexibility to the nation's portfolio of energy resources, respond to public interest in, and support of, energy efficiency. The primary purpose of this report is to suggest expanded roles for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) in improving energy efficiency during the 1990s. In an ideal world, the normal workings of the market place would yield optimal energy-efficiency purchase and operating decisions. Unfortunately, distortions in fuel prices, limited access to capital, misplaced incentives, lack of information, and difficulty in processing information complicate energy-related decision making. Thus, consumers in all sectors of the economy underinvest in energy-efficient systems. These market barriers, coupled with growing concern about environmental quality, justify a larger Federal role.

Influence of essential oils in diet and life-stage on gut microbiota and fillet quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

PubMed

Ceppa, Florencia; Faccenda, Filippo; De Filippo, Carlotta; Albanese, Davide; Pindo, Massimo; Martelli, Roberta; Marconi, Paola; Lunelli, Fernando; Fava, Francesca; Parisi, Giuliana

2018-05-01

Developing fish farming to meet the demands of food security and sustainability in the 21st century will require new farming systems and improved feeds. Diet and microbe interactions in the gut is an important variable with the potential to make a significant impact on future fish farming diets and production systems. It was monitored the gut microbiota of farmed rainbow trout using 16S rRNA profiling over 51 weeks during standard rearing conditions and feeding diet with supplementation of an essential oils (MixOil) mixture from plants (at a concentration in diet of 200 mg/kg). Gut microbiota 16S rRNA profiling indicated that the fish gut was dominated by Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Although the dietary supplementation with MixOil had no impact on either the composition or architecture of gut microbiota, significant changes in alpha and beta diversity and relative abundance of groups of gut bacteria were evident during growth stages on test feeds, especially upon prolonged growth on finishing feed. Fish fillet quality to guarantee palatability and safety for human consumption was also evaluated. Significant differences within the gut microbiota of juvenile and adult trout under the same rearing conditions were observed, The addition of essential oil blend affected some physicochemical characteristics of trout fillets, including their resistance to oxidative damage and their weight loss (as liquid loss and water holding capacity) during the first period of storage, that are two important parameters related to product shelf life and susceptibility to spoilage. The results highlighted the need for further studies concern dietary microbiome modulation at different life stages and its influence on animal health, growth performance and final product quality.

Nonstate Security Threats in Africa: Challenges for U.S. Engagement

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-12-01

kidnapping instead le SAge PRISM 2, no. 1 FeatuReS | 67 East Asia has led to a spike in elephant poach - ing. In June 2002, Singapore seized 6.2 metric...thousands of people in a country with no functioning cen- tral government since the 1980s.23 In addition to the impact on the lives and families of...percent of U.S. for- eign oil imports by 2015,25 and militant attacks impacting West African oil already affect the price of oil on global stock markets

Feasibility of Technologies to Produce Coal-Based Fuels with Equal or Lower Greenhouse Gas Emissions than Petroleum Fuels

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-22

the commercial viability of CTL fuels depends on coal being significantly cheaper than crude oil on an energy basis. Additionally, current...1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 P ro d u ct S u p p li ed (M il li o n B a rr el s p er D a y ) Residual Fuel Oil Liquified Petroleum Gases Kerosene...Type Jet Fuel Finished Motor Gasoline Distillate Fuel Oil Aviation Gasoline 4 Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 2 effectively prohibits

The human health implications of crude oil spills in the Niger delta, Nigeria: An interpretation of published studies

PubMed Central

Ordinioha, Best; Brisibe, Seiyefa

2013-01-01

Background: The health hazards created by oil exploration and exploitation are covert and slow in action. They are not given the deserved attention in official documents in Nigeria, even as they can be major contributors to the disease burden in oil-bearing communities. This study is an interpretation of the data reported in several published studies on crude oil spills in the Niger delta region, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A manual and Internet search was conducted to extract quantitative data on the quantity of crude oil spilled; the concentrations of the pollutants in surface water, ground water, ambient air and plant and animal tissue; and the direct impact on human health and household food security. Results: An average of 240,000 barrels of crude oil are spilled in the Niger delta every year, mainly due to unknown causes (31.85%), third party activity (20.74%), and mechanical failure (17.04%). The spills contaminated the surface water, ground water, ambient air, and crops with hydrocarbons, including known carcinogens like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and benxo (a) pyrene, naturally occurring radioactive materials, and trace metals that were further bioaccumulated in some food crops. The oil spills could lead to a 60% reduction in household food security and were capable of reducing the ascorbic acid content of vegetables by as much as 36% and the crude protein content of cassava by 40%. These could result in a 24% increase in the prevalence of childhood malnutrition. Animal studies indicate that contact with Nigerian crude oil could be hemotoxic and hepatotoxic, and could cause infertility and cancer. Conclusions: The oil spills in the Niger delta region have acute and long-term effects on human health. Material relief and immediate and long-term medical care are recommended, irrespective of the cause of the spill, to ensure that the potential health effects of exposures to the spills are properly addressed. PMID:23661893

The human health implications of crude oil spills in the Niger delta, Nigeria: An interpretation of published studies.

PubMed

Ordinioha, Best; Brisibe, Seiyefa

2013-01-01

The health hazards created by oil exploration and exploitation are covert and slow in action. They are not given the deserved attention in official documents in Nigeria, even as they can be major contributors to the disease burden in oil-bearing communities. This study is an interpretation of the data reported in several published studies on crude oil spills in the Niger delta region, Nigeria. A manual and Internet search was conducted to extract quantitative data on the quantity of crude oil spilled; the concentrations of the pollutants in surface water, ground water, ambient air and plant and animal tissue; and the direct impact on human health and household food security. An average of 240,000 barrels of crude oil are spilled in the Niger delta every year, mainly due to unknown causes (31.85%), third party activity (20.74%), and mechanical failure (17.04%). The spills contaminated the surface water, ground water, ambient air, and crops with hydrocarbons, including known carcinogens like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and benxo (a) pyrene, naturally occurring radioactive materials, and trace metals that were further bioaccumulated in some food crops. The oil spills could lead to a 60% reduction in household food security and were capable of reducing the ascorbic acid content of vegetables by as much as 36% and the crude protein content of cassava by 40%. These could result in a 24% increase in the prevalence of childhood malnutrition. Animal studies indicate that contact with Nigerian crude oil could be hemotoxic and hepatotoxic, and could cause infertility and cancer. The oil spills in the Niger delta region have acute and long-term effects on human health. Material relief and immediate and long-term medical care are recommended, irrespective of the cause of the spill, to ensure that the potential health effects of exposures to the spills are properly addressed.

78 FR 73915 - In the Matter of Catch By Gene, Inc., Four Star Holdings, Inc., Great Spirits, Inc., and Texas...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-09

... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [File No. 500-1] In the Matter of Catch By Gene, Inc., Four Star Holdings, Inc., Great Spirits, Inc., and Texas Sweet Crude Oil Corp.; Order of Suspension of... current and accurate information concerning the securities of Catch By Gene, Inc. because it has not filed...

Caspian Sea Environmental Security Game: 16-17 November 1998

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-07-01

17 Robert E. Ebel Caspian Basin Oil and Gas: An Overview . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Brian R . Shaw Environmental Baseline...threat to security of supply. 32 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE ANALYSIS OF THE CASPIAN SEA REGION BRIAN R . SHAW TERRY PALUSZKIEWICZ SUSAN A. THOMAS...Caspian Sea level. Sources of water include runoff ( R ), precipitation (P), and groundwater flow (G); sink include evaporation (E), and discharge of water

A review on applications of nanotechnology in the enhanced oil recovery part A: effects of nanoparticles on interfacial tension

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheraghian, Goshtasp; Hendraningrat, Luky

2016-01-01

Chemical enhanced oil recovery is another strong growing technology with the potential of a step change innovation, which will help to secure future oil supply by turning resources into reserves. While Substantial amount of crude oil remains in the reservoir after primary and secondary production, conventional production methods give access to on average only one-third of original oil in place, the use of surfactants and polymers allows for recovery of up to another third of this oil. Chemical flooding is of increasing interest and importance due to high oil prices and the need to increase oil production. Research in nanotechnology in the petroleum industry is advancing rapidly and an enormous progress in the application of nanotechnology in this area is to be expected. Nanotechnology has the potential to profoundly change enhanced oil recovery and to improve mechanism of recovery. This paper, therefore, focuses on the reviews of the application of nano technology in chemical flooding process in oil recovery and reviews the application nano in the polymer and surfactant flooding on the interfacial tension process.

Multisensor system for the protection of critical infrastructure of a seaport

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kastek, Mariusz; Dulski, Rafał; Zyczkowski, Marek; Szustakowski, Mieczysław; Trzaskawka, Piotr; Ciurapinski, Wiesław; Grelowska, Grazyna; Gloza, Ignacy; Milewski, Stanislaw; Listewnik, Karol

2012-06-01

There are many separated infrastructural objects within a harbor area that may be considered "critical", such as gas and oil terminals or anchored naval vessels. Those objects require special protection, including security systems capable of monitoring both surface and underwater areas, because an intrusion into the protected area may be attempted using small surface vehicles (boats, kayaks, rafts, floating devices with weapons and explosives) as well as underwater ones (manned or unmanned submarines, scuba divers). The paper will present the concept of multisensor security system for a harbor protection, capable of complex monitoring of selected critical objects within the protected area. The proposed system consists of a command centre and several different sensors deployed in key areas, providing effective protection from land and sea, with special attention focused on the monitoring of underwater zone. The initial project of such systems will be presented, its configuration and initial tests of the selected components. The protection of surface area is based on medium-range radar and LLTV and infrared cameras. Underwater zone will be monitored by a sonar and acoustic and magnetic barriers, connected into an integrated monitoring system. Theoretical analyses concerning the detection of fast, small surface objects (such as RIB boats) by a camera system and real test results in various weather conditions will also be presented.

77 FR 31037 - Outer Continental Shelf, Central and Western Gulf of Mexico Planning Areas, Oil and Gas Lease...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-24

... Western Gulf of Mexico Planning Areas, Oil and Gas Lease Sales for Years 2012-2017 (Sales 229, 227, 233... Register (76 FR 70748) correcting the sale numbers that were identified in the Call. This document... them with: 1. Whole blocks and portions of blocks deferred by the Gulf of Mexico Energy Security Act of...

GAO’s 2011 High-Risk Series: An Update

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-02-17

DOD Contract Management • DOE’s Contract Management for the National Nuclear Security Administration and Office of Environmental Management • NASA ...expertise to prevent. Historically, Interior’s Bureau of Land Management ( BLM ) managed onshore federal oil and gas activities, while the Minerals Management...neither BLM nor MMS had consistently met their statutory requirements or agency goals for oil and gas production verification inspections. Without such

Oiling the friction: environmental conflict management in the Niger Delta, Nigeria.

PubMed

Ibeanu, O

2000-01-01

The Niger Delta, a sensitive ecosystem rich in biodiversity, has witnessed considerable violence as a result of the tense relationship among oil companies, the Nigerian state, and oil-bearing communities. Environmental damage from the extraction and movement of fossil fuels is a central point of dispute among the parties while the precise extent of ecological damage remains unknown. Drawing on numerous interviews while living and working in the Niger Delta, Doctor Okechukwu Ibeanu analyzes the management of conflicts surrounding petroleum production in the region, including the role of state violence and contradictory perceptions of security held by Delta communities and the oil companies and their partners in the Nigerian federal government.

Oil, turmoil, and Islam in the Middle East

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sheikh, A.R.

1986-01-01

The turmoil and strife of the Middle East raises serious questions about the security of the world's oil supply. The author argues that OPEC and OAPEC can no longer afford to impose indiscriminate price increases on the marketplace because they hurt not only themselves but oil poor Third World nations as well. The author analyzes the importance of Middle Eastern oil in world politics. He emphasizes that any consideration of the forces influencing development in the Middle East should take Islamic tradition into account. Each chapter is organized around a current Middle Eastern problem: oil politics in relation to internationalmore » energy needs; the ramifications of the new oil wealth and power of the Middle East; The Iran-Iraq War; Muslim insurgency in Afghanistan; The Arab-Israel conflict; turmoil in Lebanon; Palestinian nationalism; and the Middle East as a superpower.« less

33 CFR 155.1130 - Requirements for prepositioned response equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR... sorbents; (3) Sorbents including booms, sweeps, pads, blankets, drums and plastic bags; (4) Personnel...

33 CFR 155.1130 - Requirements for prepositioned response equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR... sorbents; (3) Sorbents including booms, sweeps, pads, blankets, drums and plastic bags; (4) Personnel...

33 CFR 155.1130 - Requirements for prepositioned response equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR... sorbents; (3) Sorbents including booms, sweeps, pads, blankets, drums and plastic bags; (4) Personnel...

33 CFR 155.1130 - Requirements for prepositioned response equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR... sorbents; (3) Sorbents including booms, sweeps, pads, blankets, drums and plastic bags; (4) Personnel...

33 CFR 155.1130 - Requirements for prepositioned response equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR... sorbents; (3) Sorbents including booms, sweeps, pads, blankets, drums and plastic bags; (4) Personnel...

U.S. Energy Security -- The Campaign We Must Win

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-23

population.2 Our industry, commerce, transportation and economic livelihood require the uninterrupted supply of energy. In all its forms, energy underpins...mitigate our vulnerability to unstable oil prices. Rising global demand and competition threatens our ability to secure long term economical access... economically while strengthening our enemies. This research paper addresses the effectiveness of U.S. energy policy and proposes a new approach that seeks to

Jet Fuel from Shale Oil - 1981 Technology Review,

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-12-01

the programs just described by Mr Jackson in the previous papaer . F. N. Hodgson of the Mon- santo Research Center provided mass spectrometric... research and development efforts at alleviating the magnitude of the problem and its impact on national security by evaluating the potential of...with Exxon Research and Engineering, domestic oil shale was determined to be the most viable near term alternative source of syncrude available for

Use of Renewable Energy in Contingency Operations

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-04-01

generators to provide energy (Appendix B). Currently, the Biomass generators 13 utilizes coconut husks , bamboo, and wood as fuel sources to produce...America is addicted to oil ? encouraging Federal agencies to lead the way in developing more reliable alternative energy programs. In July 2006, MG...dependent of foreign oil . 15. SUBJECT TERMS 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT Same as Report (SAR) 18. NUMBER OF PAGES 60

46 CFR 31.10-21a - Periodic gauging of tank vessel midbodies more than 30 years old that carry certain oil cargoes...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Periodic gauging of tank vessel midbodies more than 30..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION Inspections § 31.10-21a Periodic... vessels certificated to carry a pollution category I oil cargo listed in 46 CFR Table 30.25-1 must undergo...

46 CFR 31.10-21a - Periodic gauging of tank vessel midbodies more than 30 years old that carry certain oil cargoes...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Periodic gauging of tank vessel midbodies more than 30..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION Inspections § 31.10-21a Periodic... vessels certificated to carry a pollution category I oil cargo listed in 46 CFR table 30.25-1 must undergo...

46 CFR 31.10-21a - Periodic gauging of tank vessel midbodies more than 30 years old that carry certain oil cargoes...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Periodic gauging of tank vessel midbodies more than 30..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION Inspections § 31.10-21a Periodic... vessels certificated to carry a pollution category I oil cargo listed in 46 CFR Table 30.25-1 must undergo...

46 CFR 31.10-21a - Periodic gauging of tank vessel midbodies more than 30 years old that carry certain oil cargoes...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Periodic gauging of tank vessel midbodies more than 30..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION Inspections § 31.10-21a Periodic... vessels certificated to carry a pollution category I oil cargo listed in 46 CFR table 30.25-1 must undergo...

46 CFR 31.10-21a - Periodic gauging of tank vessel midbodies more than 30 years old that carry certain oil cargoes...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Periodic gauging of tank vessel midbodies more than 30..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION Inspections § 31.10-21a Periodic... vessels certificated to carry a pollution category I oil cargo listed in 46 CFR Table 30.25-1 must undergo...

Energy Security: Reducing Vulnerabilities to Global Energy Networks

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-01

plug-in hybrid vehicles, promote renewable energy sources, invest in low- emission coal plants , advance technologies in bio-fuels, and begin the...Zhongyuan Petroleum Prospecting, a subsidiary of the China Petrochemical Corporation, is the primary oil firm operating in Gambella. Nigeria is the...of the global warming issues and the burning of oil, in particular, is blamed for about 42 percent of the CO2 emissions . 31 Left unchecked, the

Lessons Learned Using Fractions to Assess Risk at Petroleum Release Sites

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-04-01

Jet Fuel Bioavailability Hydrocarbon fractions Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons Weathered petroleum Sequestration 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17...requirements at sites that were contaminated with petroleum products such as gasoline, diesel fuel , jet fuel , heating oil, lubricants and used motor oils...December 2002. Four of the demonstration sites were contaminated with jet fuel (i.e., JP-4, JP-5 or JP-8). The Misawa Air Base site was contaminated with

Securing the U.S. Transportation Command

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-11

sink as many of the cargo ships as possible [2]. As the battle raged in the Atlantic Ocean, Allied bombers were destroying German access to oil ...refineries and synthetic fuel factories. By 1944, the Germans did not have enough fuel for aircraft to protect the oil facilities that remained or for...electrical engineering, all from the University of Michigan. Kajal T. Claypool is currently the assistant leader for the Informatics and Decision

Security in the Middle East

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wells, S.F. Jr.; Bruzonsky, M.A.

1986-01-01

The full range of U.S. security interests in the Middle East is covered in this volume of original contributions from prominent international scholars. Case studies of key countries emphasize the prospects for peaceful political, economic, and cultural change in the region. The Arab-Israeli conflict is examined with particular attention to the ''Palestine problem,'' U.S. policy and diplomacy, and the peace process. Finally, the involvement of the U.S. and the USSR and the policy options open to them are considered. Includes chapters on oil and its role in Middle-East security issues.

33 CFR 133.25 - Notification of Governor's designee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OIL SPILL LIABILITY TRUST... information required by paragraph (b) of this section must be forwarded to the Director National Pollution...

33 CFR 133.25 - Notification of Governor's designee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OIL SPILL LIABILITY TRUST... information required by paragraph (b) of this section must be forwarded to the Director National Pollution...

33 CFR 133.25 - Notification of Governor's designee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OIL SPILL LIABILITY TRUST... information required by paragraph (b) of this section must be forwarded to the Director National Pollution...

33 CFR 133.25 - Notification of Governor's designee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OIL SPILL LIABILITY TRUST... information required by paragraph (b) of this section must be forwarded to the Director National Pollution...

33 CFR 133.25 - Notification of Governor's designee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OIL SPILL LIABILITY TRUST... information required by paragraph (b) of this section must be forwarded to the Director National Pollution...

Fish sauce, soy sauce, and vegetable oil fortification in Cambodia: where do we stand to date?

PubMed

Theary, Chan; Panagides, Dora; Laillou, Arnaud; Vonthanak, Saphoon; Kanarath, Chheng; Chhorvann, Chhea; Sambath, Pol; Sowath, Sol; Moench-Pfanner, Regina

2013-06-01

The prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies in Cambodia is among the highest in Southeast Asia. Fortification of staple foods and condiments is considered to be one of the most cost-effective strategies for addressing micronutrient deficiencies at the population level. The Government of Cambodia has recognized the importance of food fortification as one strategy for improving the nutrition security of its population. This paper describes efforts under way in Cambodia for the fortification of fish sauce, soy sauce, and vegetable oil. Data were compiled from a stability test of Cambodian fish sauces fortified with sodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate (NaFeEDTA); analysis of fortified vegetable oils in the Cambodian market; a Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) study of fortified products; and food fortification program monitoring documents. At different levels of fortification of fish sauce with NaFeEDTA, sedimentation and precipitation were observed. This was taken into consideration in the government-issued standards for the fortification of fish sauce. All major brands of vegetable oil found in markets at the village and provincial levels are imported, and most are nonfortified. Fish sauce, soy sauce, and vegetable oil are widely consumed throughout Cambodia and are readily available in provincial and village markets. Together with an effective regulatory monitoring system, the government can guarantee that these commodities, whether locally produced or imported, are adequately fortified. A communications campaign would be worthwhile, once fortified commodities are available, as the KAP study found that Cambodians had a positive perception of fortified sauces.

US Clean Energy Sector and the Opportunity for Modeling and Simulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Inge, Carole Cameron

2011-01-01

The following paper sets forth the current understanding of the US clean energy demand and opportunity. As clean energy systems come online and technology is developed, modeling and simulation of these complex energy programs provides an untapped business opportunity. The US Department of Defense provides a great venue for developing new technology in the energy sector because it is demanding lower fuel costs, more energy efficiencies in its buildings and bases, and overall improvements in its carbon footprint. These issues coupled with the security issues faced by foreign dependence on oil will soon bring more clean energy innovations to the forefront (lighter batteries for soldiers, alternative fuel for jets, energy storage systems for ships, etc).

33 CFR 151.2005 - To which vessels does this subpart apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Ballast Water Management for Control of Nonindigenous Species...

33 CFR 151.2005 - To which vessels does this subpart apply?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Ballast Water Management for Control of Nonindigenous Species...

33 CFR 135.401 - Access to vessel, Certificates of Financial Responsibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND Access, Denial, and Detention § 135.401 Access to vessel, Certificates of...

33 CFR 135.401 - Access to vessel, Certificates of Financial Responsibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND Access, Denial, and Detention § 135.401 Access to vessel, Certificates of...

33 CFR 135.401 - Access to vessel, Certificates of Financial Responsibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND Access, Denial, and Detention § 135.401 Access to vessel, Certificates of...

33 CFR 135.401 - Access to vessel, Certificates of Financial Responsibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND Access, Denial, and Detention § 135.401 Access to vessel, Certificates of...

33 CFR 135.401 - Access to vessel, Certificates of Financial Responsibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND Access, Denial, and Detention § 135.401 Access to vessel, Certificates of...

33 CFR 151.1009 - Transportation of municipal or commercial waste.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Transportation of Municipal and Commercial Waste § 151.1009...

33 CFR 151.1009 - Transportation of municipal or commercial waste.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Transportation of Municipal and Commercial Waste § 151.1009...

33 CFR 151.1009 - Transportation of municipal or commercial waste.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Transportation of Municipal and Commercial Waste § 151.1009...

33 CFR 151.1009 - Transportation of municipal or commercial waste.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Transportation of Municipal and Commercial Waste § 151.1009...

33 CFR 151.1009 - Transportation of municipal or commercial waste.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Transportation of Municipal and Commercial Waste § 151.1009...

Carbon balance of CO2-EOR for NCNO classification

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nunez-Lopez, Vanessa; Gil-Egui, Ramon; Gonzalez-Nicolas, Ana

The question of whether carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) constitutes a valid alternative for greenhouse gas emission reduction has been frequently asked by the general public and environmental sectors. Through this technology, operational since 1972, oil production is enhanced by injecting CO2 into depleted oil reservoirs in order displace the residual oil toward production wells in a solvent/miscible process. For decades, the CO2 utilized for EOR has been most commonly sourced from natural CO2 accumulations. More recently, a few projects have emerged where anthropogenic CO2 (A-CO2) is captured at an industrial facility, transported to a depleted oil field, andmore » utilized for EOR. If carbon geologic storage is one of the project objectives, all the CO2 injected into the oil field for EOR could technically be stored in the formation. Even though the CO2 is being prevented from entering the atmosphere, and permanently stored away in a secured geologic formation, a question arises as to whether the total CO2 volumes stored in order to produce the incremental oil through EOR are larger than the CO2 emitted throughout the entire CO2-EOR process, including the capture facility, the EOR site, and the refining and burning of the end product. We intend to answer some of these questions through a DOE-NETL funded study titled “Carbon Life Cycle Analysis of CO2-EOR for Net Carbon Negative Oil (NCNO) Classification”. NCNO is defined as oil whose carbon emissions to the atmosphere, when burned or otherwise used, are less than the amount of carbon permanently stored in the reservoir in order to produce the oil. In this paper, we focus on the EOR site in what is referred to as a gate-to-gate system, but are inclusive of the burning of the refined product, as this end member is explicitly stated in the definition of NCNO. Finally, we use Cranfield, Mississippi, as a case study and come to the conclusion that the incremental oil produced is net carbon negative.« less

RBAC Driven Least Privilege Architecture For Control Systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hull, Julie; Markham, Mark

The concept of role based access control (RBAC) within the IT environment has been studied by researchers and was supported by NIST (circa 1992). This earlier work highlighted the benefits of RBAC which include reduced administrative workload and policies which are easier to analyze and apply. The goals of this research were to expand the application of RBAC in the following ways. Apply RBAC to the control systems environment: The typical RBAC model within the IT environment is used to control a user’s access to files. Within the control system environment files are replaced with measurement (e.g., temperature) and controlmore » (e.g. valve) points organized as a hierarchy of control assets (e.g. a boiler, compressor, refinery unit). Control points have parameters (e.g., high alarm limit, set point, etc.) associated with them. The RBAC model is extended to support access to points and their parameters based upon roles while at the same time allowing permissions for the points to be defined at the asset level or point level directly. In addition, centralized policy administration with distributed access enforcement mechanisms was developed to support the distributed architecture of distributed control systems and SCADA; Extend the RBAC model to include access control for software and devices: The established RBAC approach is to assign users to roles. This work extends that notion by first breaking the control system down into three layers 1) users, 2) software and 3) devices. An RBAC model is then created for each of these three layers. The result is that RBAC can be used to define machine-to-machine policy enforced via the IP security (IPsec) protocol. This highlights the potential to use RBAC for machine-to-machine connectivity within the internet of things; and Enable dynamic policy based upon the operating mode of the system: The IT environment is generally static with respect to policy. However, large cyber physical systems such as industrial controls have various operating modes (start-up, normal operation, emergency, shut-down and maintenance are typical). The policy enforcement architecture must be able to support changes in access permissions as the mode of the control system changes. For example an operator’s role may not allow the operator to shut down a pump during “normal operation” but that same operator role may be given permission to shut down the pump if the refinery transitions to “emergency” mode. The effectiveness of the approach was validated by applying it to the Experion Process Knowledge System. This is a large commercial industrial control system often used to control oil refineries and other assets within the oil and gas sector. As a by-product, other industries using Experion (Pharmaceuticals, Specialty Chemicals, etc.) also benefit from increased security. Policies representative of those that would be used within an oil refinery were created and validated against the RBAC model as implemented in the underlying SQL database. The administration of policy is simplified which in turn makes it practical for security administrators to specify policies which enforce least privilege. The result is a qualitative reduction in risk. The benefits of the enhanced RBAC model are clear and as a result. Honeywell is incorporating portions of the RBAC research into the 2014 release of Experion.« less

Imported Oil and U.S. National Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-01

reducing some subsidies and devaluing the currency so as to restore fiscal balance. Chavez has provided campaign financing for presidential candidates in...arbitrage, the markets’ influence on Figure 2.6 Price Per Barrel of West Texas Intermediate in Current and Year 2000 Dollars SOURCES: IMF (undated...security whose price is dependent on or derived from one or more underlying assets, such as stocks, bonds, commodities, or currencies . Its value is

A Tool for Rating the Resilience of Critical Infrastructures in Extreme Fires

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-05-01

provide a tool for NRC to help the Canadian industry to develop extreme fire protection materials and technologies for critical infrastructures. Future...supported by the Canadian Safety and Security Program (CSSP) which is led by Defence Research and Development Canada’s Centre for Security Science, in...in oil refinery and chemical industry facilities. The only available standard in North America that addresses the transportation infrastructure is

Navy Ship Propulsion Technologies: Options for Reducing Oil Use - Background for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-12-11

Change, Energy Efficiency, and Ozone Protection, Protecting National Security and the Environment. Washington, 2000. (Office of the Deputy Under...Shipboard Fuel Consumption and Emissions,” op. cit., and Climate Change, Energy Efficiency, and Ozone Protection, Protecting National Security and the...with the SkySails technology trouble-free.74 CRS-28 75 “The Economic and Sustainable Utilisation in the Cargo Shipping Industry of Wind Power,” HSB

Global Climate Change - U.S. Economic and National Security Opportunity

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-20

The most recent findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) state that the current trajectory of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions...challenges and opportunities for the United States as they balance national security and economic interests. The effects of climate change could act as a...are various opportunities associated with climate change including opening arctic navigational channels and the vast oil and natural gas resources

The Strategic Importance of the Global Oil Market

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-01

of 1997 as a Visiting Scholar on Economic Faculty at Harvard University, funded by a U.S. Secretary of the Army Research & Study Fellowship. He was...ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) U.S. Army War College,Strategic Studies Institute,47 Ashburn Drive,Carlisle,PA,17013-5010 8. PERFORMING...concerning the role of ground forces in achieving national security objectives. The Strategic Studies Institute publishes national security and

Counter Piracy In The Gulf Of Guinea: A Whole-Of-Government Approacch

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-02-13

consumers, insurance premiums for shipping companies, purchases of security details to protect merchant ships transiting through the region, and the...who benefited from the oil industry “make down payments for the purchase of influential ministerial positions” which the industry then fills with “oil...the WILBROS company, bribed the Nigerian government and some of its top leadership of the People’s Democratic Party (PDP) millions of dollars in

33 CFR 151.1015 - Issuing or denying the issuance of a conditional permit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Transportation of Municipal and Commercial Waste...

33 CFR 151.1015 - Issuing or denying the issuance of a conditional permit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Transportation of Municipal and Commercial Waste...

33 CFR 151.1015 - Issuing or denying the issuance of a conditional permit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Transportation of Municipal and Commercial Waste...

33 CFR 151.1015 - Issuing or denying the issuance of a conditional permit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Transportation of Municipal and Commercial Waste...

33 CFR 151.1015 - Issuing or denying the issuance of a conditional permit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Transportation of Municipal and Commercial Waste...

SPace weather applications in a technology-dependent society

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ngwira, C. M.

2017-12-01

Space weather can adversely key technology assets, such as, high-voltage electric power transmission grids, oil and gas pipelines, and communications systems that are critical to national security and economy. However, the term of "space weather" is not well known in our society. This presentation will introduce key concepts related to the space weather problem and show how space weather impacts our everyday life. The goal is to promote awareness among the general public. Also, this presentation will highlight how space weather is being used to promote STEM education for community college students through the NASA internship program.

Three essays in transportation energy and environmental policy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hajiamiri, Sara

Concerns about climate change, dependence on oil, and unstable gasoline prices have led to significant efforts by policymakers to cut greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and oil consumption. The transportation sector is one of the principle emitters of CO2 in the US. It accounts for two-thirds of total U.S. oil consumption and is almost entirely dependent on oil. Within the transportation sector, the light-duty vehicle (LDV) fleet is the main culprit. It is responsible for more than 65 percent of the oil used and for more than 60 percent of total GHG emissions. If a significant fraction of the LDV fleet is gradually replaced by more fuel-efficient technologies, meaningful reductions in GHG emissions and oil consumption will be achieved. This dissertation investigates the potential benefits and impacts of deploying more fuel-efficient vehicles in the LDV fleet. Findings can inform decisions surrounding the development and deployment of the next generation of LDVs. The first essay uses data on 2003 and 2006 model gasoline-powered passenger cars, light trucks and sport utility vehicles to investigate the implicit private cost of improving vehicle fuel efficiencies through reducing other desired attributes such as weight (that is valued for its perceived effect on personal safety) and horsepower. Breakeven gasoline prices that would justify the estimated implicit costs were also calculated. It is found that to justify higher fuel efficiency standards from a consumer perspective, either the external benefits need to be very large or technological advances will need to greatly reduce fuel efficiency costs. The second essay estimates the private benefits and societal impacts of electric vehicles. The findings from the analysis contribute to policy deliberations on how to incentivize the purchase and production of these vehicles. A spreadsheet model was developed to estimate the private benefits and societal impacts of purchasing and utilizing three electric vehicle technologies instead of a similar-sized conventional gasoline-powered vehicle (CV). The electric vehicle technologies considered are gasoline-powered hybrid and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles and battery electric vehicles. It is found that the private benefits are positive, but smaller than the expected short-term cost premiums on these technologies, which suggest the need for government support if a large-scale adoption of electric vehicles is desired. Also, it is found that the net present values of the societal benefits that are not internalized by the vehicle purchaser are not likely to exceed $1,700. This estimate accounts for changes in GHG emissions, criteria air pollutants, gasoline consumption and the driver's contribution to congestion. The third essay explores the implications of a large-scale adoption of electric vehicles on transportation finance. While fuel efficiency improvements are desirable with respect to goals for achieving energy security and environmental improvement, it has adverse implications for the current system of transportation finance. Reductions in gasoline consumption relative to the amount of driving that takes place would result in a decline in fuel tax revenues that are needed to fund planning, construction, maintenance, and operation of highways and public transit systems. In this paper the forgone fuel tax revenue that results when an electric vehicle replaces a similar-sized CV is estimated. It is found that under several vehicle electrification scenarios, the combined federal and state trust funds could decline by as much as 5 percent by 2020 and as much as 12.5 percent by 2030. Alternative fee systems that tie more directly to transportation system use rather then to fuel consumption could reconcile energy security, environmental, and transportation finance goals.

WeaselBoard :

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mulder, John C.; Schwartz, Moses Daniel; Berg, Michael J.

2013-10-01

Critical infrastructures, such as electrical power plants and oil refineries, rely on programmable logic controllers (PLCs) to control essential processes. State of the art security cannot detect attacks on PLCs at the hardware or firmware level. This renders critical infrastructure control systems vulnerable to costly and dangerous attacks. WeaselBoard is a PLC backplane analysis system that connects directly to the PLC backplane to capture backplane communications between modules. WeaselBoard forwards inter-module traffic to an external analysis system that detects changes to process control settings, sensor values, module configuration information, firmware updates, and process control program (logic) updates. WeaselBoard provides zero-daymore » exploit detection for PLCs by detecting changes in the PLC and the process. This approach to PLC monitoring is protected under U.S. Patent Application 13/947,887.« less

33 CFR 135.403 - Sanctions for failure to produce vessel Certificates of Financial Responsibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND Access, Denial, and Detention § 135.403 Sanctions for...

33 CFR 135.403 - Sanctions for failure to produce vessel Certificates of Financial Responsibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND Access, Denial, and Detention § 135.403 Sanctions for...

33 CFR 135.403 - Sanctions for failure to produce vessel Certificates of Financial Responsibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND Access, Denial, and Detention § 135.403 Sanctions for...

33 CFR 135.403 - Sanctions for failure to produce vessel Certificates of Financial Responsibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND Access, Denial, and Detention § 135.403 Sanctions for...

33 CFR 135.403 - Sanctions for failure to produce vessel Certificates of Financial Responsibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND Access, Denial, and Detention § 135.403 Sanctions for...

EPA’s Role in Emergency Response

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA provides support when requested, or when state and local first responder capabilities have been exceeded, in response to chemical, oil, biological, and radiological releases and large-scale national emergencies, including homeland security incidents.

33 CFR 153.411 - Procedures for payment of judgments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION CONTROL OF POLLUTION BY OIL AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES, DISCHARGE REMOVAL Administration of the Pollution Fund § 153.411 Procedures for payment of judgments. An owner or operator of a...

33 CFR 153.411 - Procedures for payment of judgments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION CONTROL OF POLLUTION BY OIL AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES, DISCHARGE REMOVAL Administration of the Pollution Fund § 153.411 Procedures for payment of judgments. An owner or operator of a...

33 CFR 153.411 - Procedures for payment of judgments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION CONTROL OF POLLUTION BY OIL AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES, DISCHARGE REMOVAL Administration of the Pollution Fund § 153.411 Procedures for payment of judgments. An owner or operator of a...

33 CFR 153.411 - Procedures for payment of judgments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION CONTROL OF POLLUTION BY OIL AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES, DISCHARGE REMOVAL Administration of the Pollution Fund § 153.411 Procedures for payment of judgments. An owner or operator of a...

33 CFR 153.411 - Procedures for payment of judgments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION CONTROL OF POLLUTION BY OIL AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES, DISCHARGE REMOVAL Administration of the Pollution Fund § 153.411 Procedures for payment of judgments. An owner or operator of a...

USGS world petroleum assessment 2000; new estimates of undiscovered oil and natural gas, including reserve growth, outside the United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

,

2000-01-01

Oil and natural gas account for approximately 63 percent of the world’s total energy consumption. The U.S. Geological Survey periodically estimates the amount of oil and gas remaining to be found in the world. Since 1981, each of the last four of these assessments has shown a slight increase in the combined volume of identified reserves and undiscovered resources. The latest assessment estimates the volume of technically recoverable conventional oil and gas that may be added to the world's reserves, exclusive of the United States, in the next 30 years. The USGS World Petroleum Assessment 2000 reports an increase in global petroleum resources, including a 20-percent increase in undiscovered oil and a 14-percent decrease in undiscovered natural gas compared to the previous assessment (table 1). These results have important implications for energy prices, policy, security, and the global resource balance.

Solutions Network Formulation Report. The Potential Contribution of the Ocean Surface Topography Mission to the General NOAA Oil Monitoring Environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hilbert, Kent; Anderson, Daniel; Lewis, David

2007-01-01

Data collected by the OSTM could be used to provide a solution for the GNOME DST. GNOME, developed by NOAA?s Office of Response and Restoration Hazardous Materials Response Division, geospatially models oil spill trajectories using wind, current, river flow, and tidal data. Data collected by the OSTM would supply information about ocean currents and wind speeds. This Candidate Solution is in alignment with the Coastal Management, Water Management, Disaster Management, Public Health, Ecological Forecasting, and Homeland Security National Applications and will benefit society by improving the capabilities of emergency responders who evaluate an oil spill?s probable threat.

Optimizing the Long-Term Capacity Expansion and Protection of Iraqi Oil Infrastructure

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-09-01

remotely using only a computer and a high-speed internet connection. I only wish that the Navy as a whole were as receptive to telecommuting as you...INTRODUCTION Formula for success: Rise early, work hard , strike oil. Jean Paul Getty (1892-1976), American Industrialist and Founder of the Getty...In truth , Iraq has neglected its lifeblood industry for far too long and requires a capital expansion and security plan - as well as the financial

The Anatomy of the Resource Curse: Predatory Investment in Africa’s Extractive Industries

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-01

in the natural resource sector . The $3 billion loan in 2005 to China Sonangol from numerous prominent international banks arranged by the London...exception, Africa’s resource-rich states also exhibit high levels of public sector corruption. States heavily reliant on the export of oil and minerals...support for the security sector , Queensway has been able to gain access to major oil and mining concessions across Africa. Starting in Angola in 2003

Ocean resources: an economic outlook

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Covey, C.W.

1985-10-01

The scope and dimension of traditional marine activities in economic and marketing terms, e.g., offshore oil and gas, marine transportation, commercial fisheries, marine recreation, hard minerals recovery, and coastal zone activity, are reviewed. The economic outlook for ocean resources is discussed under the following topics: (1) jurisdiction of adjacent waters, (2) the coastal zone, (3) offshore oil and gas, (4) marine transport/shipbuilding, (5) national security, (6) commercial fisheries, (7) marine recreation, (8) hard minerals, and (9) future development.

Africa’s Booming Oil and Natural Gas Exploration and Production: National Security Implications for the United States and China

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-01

Sinopec’s subsidiary Addax), India (ONGC), Indo- nesia (Pertamina), Korea (KNOC and its subsidiary 35 Dana Petroleum), Malaysia (Petronas), and...water contamination , the greater use of natural gas for power generation has displaced the use of heavily pollution coal. 2. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki...Gazprom, Lukoil, Rosneft), India (Oil India, ONGC), Malaysia (Petronas), and most recently, Indonesia (Pertamina and Med- coEnergi), Thailand (PTTEP

Decade of Venezuela’s President Hugo Chavez, Por Ahora

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-04-01

minor production source of opium and cocoa , Venezuela is important in the transit of narcotics between Columbia and the US. 60 61 Mindful of this, a...took over.91 To highlight the significance of oil to Venezuela , in 2006, oil represented 91% of its exports compared to 80% five years earlier.92...methodology to examine the last ten years of Venezuelas Hugo Chavez presidency and the significant aspects in terms of US security. The paper contents

The Role of State and Local Jurisdictions in Identifying and Protecting Critical Infrastructure

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-01

economic security, public health or safety, or any combination thereof.”22 This definition amended to include intentional acts as a result of the...operators, associations, and other entities—both large and small —within a sector. U.S. Department of Homeland Security, National Infrastructure...fossil fuels (coal, natural gas or oil).122 A 2008 inventory of the electricity subsector shows that there are: 6,413 power plants ; 30,320

Measuring Stability and Security in Iraq

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-06-01

preventing judges from receiving registered firearms. The U.S. Marshal Service continues to provide handguns to judges and their security details and...in the South, a trend expected to continue throughout 2010. Overall, crude oil production peaked at 2.54 million barrels per day (mbpd) in...the best way to utilize MoI human and material resources. The result of this commission was the MoI 2009 training plan, which addresses the issue of

Food Security (CSL Issue Paper, Volume 14-09, September 2009)

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-09-01

Security Analyst in the Operations and Gaming Division of CSL. Cadet Jason Delousa is a senior at the United State Military Academy. This paper is...cotton, oil palm, beef, dairy, poultry and fisheries products as strategic commodities at the continental level.”32 Sustainability of these cash...Increased incomes, such as in Asia, generally lead to higher consumption of meat and hence, increased demand for cereal as livestock feed. (Source

Closure Report for Corrective Action Unit 544: Cellars, Mud Pits, and Oil Spills, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada, Revision 0

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mark Krauss and Catherine Birney

2011-05-01

This Closure Report (CR) presents information supporting the closure of Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 544: Cellars, Mud Pits, and Oil Spills, Nevada National Security Site, Nevada. This CR complies with the requirements of the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order that was agreed to by the State of Nevada; U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Environmental Management; U.S. Department of Defense; and DOE, Legacy Management. The corrective action sites (CASs) within CAU 544 are located within Areas 2, 7, 9, 10, 12, 19, and 20 of the Nevada National Security Site. Corrective Action Unit 544 comprises the following CASs: • 02-37-08,more » Cellar & Mud Pit • 02-37-09, Cellar & Mud Pit • 07-09-01, Mud Pit • 09-09-46, U-9itsx20 PS #1A Mud Pit • 10-09-01, Mud Pit • 12-09-03, Mud Pit • 19-09-01, Mud Pits (2) • 19-09-03, Mud Pit • 19-09-04, Mud Pit • 19-25-01, Oil Spill • 19-99-06, Waste Spill • 20-09-01, Mud Pits (2) • 20-09-02, Mud Pit • 20-09-03, Mud Pit • 20-09-04, Mud Pits (2) • 20-09-06, Mud Pit • 20-09-07, Mud Pit • 20-09-10, Mud Pit • 20-25-04, Oil Spills • 20-25-05, Oil Spills The purpose of this CR is to provide documentation supporting the completed corrective actions and data confirming that the closure objectives for CASs within CAU 544 were met. To achieve this, the following actions were performed: • Review the current site conditions, including the concentration and extent of contamination. • Implement any corrective actions necessary to protect human health and the environment. • Properly dispose of corrective action and investigation wastes. • Document Notice of Completion and closure of CAU 544 issued by the Nevada Division of Environmental Protection.« less

[Remedy for shortage or risk for national security? The search for oil in Switzerland].

PubMed

Haller, Lea; Gisler, Monika

2014-03-01

Over several decades, geologists, entrepreneurs, politicians, and public authorities dealt with a potential petroleum occurrence in Switzerland. They provided scientific expertise, granted concessions, invested capital and sank bore holes. Although the endeavour was never successful economically, it reveals how closely related geopolitical situations and the exploitation of natural resources were. This article investigates the search for crude oil in Switzerland from the 1930s until the 1960s, combining a history of science and technology perspective with a history of the political regulations and economic considerations concerning the extractive industry. It traces the changing fears and hopes about potential oil occurrences in Switzerland: From an investment to overcome future shortages, to the risk of imperial desires if oil would be found in abundance.

33 CFR 151.2045 - What are the mandatory recordkeeping requirements for vessels equipped with ballast tanks that...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE, AND BALLAST WATER Ballast Water Management for Control of Nonindigenous Species...

33 CFR 155.430 - Standard discharge connections for oceangoing ships of 400 gross tons and above.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR VESSELS Vessel Equipment § 155.430 Standard discharge connections for...

Solar thermal technologies benefits assessment: Objectives, methodologies and results for 1981

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gates, W. R.

1982-01-01

The economic and social benefits of developing cost competitive solar thermal technologies (STT) were assessed. The analysis was restricted to STT in electric applications for 16 high insolation/high energy price states. Three fuel price scenarios and three 1990 STT system costs were considered, reflecting uncertainty over fuel prices and STT cost projections. After considering the numerous benefits of introducing STT into the energy market, three primary benefits were identified and evaluated: (1) direct energy cost savings were estimated to range from zero to $50 billion; (2) oil imports may be reduced by up to 9 percent, improving national security; and (3) significant environmental benefits can be realized in air basins where electric power plant emissions create substantial air pollution problems. STT research and development was found to be unacceptably risky for private industry in the absence of federal support. The normal risks associated with investments in research and development are accentuated because the OPEC cartel can artificially manipulate oil prices and undercut the growth of alternative energy sources.

Solar thermal technologies benefits assessment: Objectives, methodologies and results for 1981

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gates, W. R.

1982-07-01

The economic and social benefits of developing cost competitive solar thermal technologies (STT) were assessed. The analysis was restricted to STT in electric applications for 16 high insolation/high energy price states. Three fuel price scenarios and three 1990 STT system costs were considered, reflecting uncertainty over fuel prices and STT cost projections. After considering the numerous benefits of introducing STT into the energy market, three primary benefits were identified and evaluated: (1) direct energy cost savings were estimated to range from zero to $50 billion; (2) oil imports may be reduced by up to 9 percent, improving national security; and (3) significant environmental benefits can be realized in air basins where electric power plant emissions create substantial air pollution problems. STT research and development was found to be unacceptably risky for private industry in the absence of federal support. The normal risks associated with investments in research and development are accentuated because the OPEC cartel can artificially manipulate oil prices and undercut the growth of alternative energy sources.

Options for reducing oil content of sludge from a petroleum wastewater treatment plant.

PubMed

Kwon, Tae-Soon; Lee, Jae-Young

2015-10-01

Wastewater treatment plants at petroleum refineries often produce substantial quantities of sludge with relatively high concentrations of oil. Disposal of this waste is costly, in part because the high oil content requires use of secure disposal methods akin to handling of hazardous wastes. This article examines the properties of oily sludge and evaluates optional methods for reducing the oil content of this sludge to enable use of lower cost disposal methods. To reduce the oil content or break the structure of oily sludge, preliminary lab-scale experiments involving mechanical treatment, surfactant extraction, and oxidation are conducted. By applying surfactants, approximately 36% to 45% of oils are extracted from oily sludge. Of this, about 33% of oils are rapidly oxidised via radiation by an electron beam within 10 s of exposure. The Fenton reaction is effective for destruction of oily sludge. It is also found that 56% of oils were removed by reacting oily sludge with water containing ozone of 0.5 mg l(-1) over a period of 24 h. Oxidation using ozone thus can also be effectively used as a pretreatment for oily sludge. © The Author(s) 2015.

33 CFR 137.65 - Visual inspections of the facility, the real property on which the facility is located, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

....65 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OIL SPILL LIABILITY: STANDARDS FOR CONDUCTING ALL...

33 CFR 137.65 - Visual inspections of the facility, the real property on which the facility is located, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

....65 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OIL SPILL LIABILITY: STANDARDS FOR CONDUCTING ALL...

33 CFR 137.65 - Visual inspections of the facility, the real property on which the facility is located, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

....65 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OIL SPILL LIABILITY: STANDARDS FOR CONDUCTING ALL...

33 CFR 137.65 - Visual inspections of the facility, the real property on which the facility is located, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

....65 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OIL SPILL LIABILITY: STANDARDS FOR CONDUCTING ALL...

2. SHED, SOUTH END OF SHORTER BARRACKS, FRONT AND RIGHT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. SHED, SOUTH END OF SHORTER BARRACKS, FRONT AND RIGHT SIDES, LOOKING SOUTHWEST. - NIKE Missile Base C-84, Paint & Oil Storage Shed, South of Launch Area Entrance Drive, near security fence, Barrington, Cook County, IL

33 CFR 155.T150 - Temporary suspension of requirements to permit support of deepwater horizon spill response.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR VESSELS General § 155.T150 Temporary suspension of...

33 CFR 153.105 - FWPCA delegations and redelegation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION CONTROL OF POLLUTION BY OIL AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES, DISCHARGE REMOVAL... Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) [33 U.S.C. 1321 et seq.] are published in § 1.01-80 and § 1.01-85...

33 CFR 155.400 - Platform machinery space drainage on oceangoing fixed and floating drilling rigs and other...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR VESSELS Vessel Equipment § 155.400 Platform...

33 CFR 155.380 - Oily water separating equipment and bilge alarm approval standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION... § 155.380(b): A copy of Annex I to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from...

33 CFR 153.105 - FWPCA delegations and redelegation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION CONTROL OF POLLUTION BY OIL AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES, DISCHARGE REMOVAL... Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) [33 U.S.C. 1321 et seq.] are published in § 1.01-80 and § 1.01-85...

33 CFR 153.105 - FWPCA delegations and redelegation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION CONTROL OF POLLUTION BY OIL AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES, DISCHARGE REMOVAL... Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) [33 U.S.C. 1321 et seq.] are published in § 1.01-80 and § 1.01-85...

33 CFR 153.105 - FWPCA delegations and redelegation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION CONTROL OF POLLUTION BY OIL AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES, DISCHARGE REMOVAL... Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) [33 U.S.C. 1321 et seq.] are published in § 1.01-80 and § 1.01-85...

33 CFR 153.105 - FWPCA delegations and redelegation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION CONTROL OF POLLUTION BY OIL AND HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES, DISCHARGE REMOVAL... Water Pollution Control Act (FWPCA) [33 U.S.C. 1321 et seq.] are published in § 1.01-80 and § 1.01-85...

Systematic Evaluation of Salt Cavern Well Integrity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roberts, B. L.; Lord, D. L.; Lord, A. S.; Bettin, G.; Sobolik, S. R.; Park, B. Y.

2017-12-01

The U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) holds a reserve of crude oil ( 700 million barrels) to help ease any interruptions in oil import to the United States. The oil is stored in a set of 63 underground caverns distributed across four sites along the U.S. Gulf Coast. The caverns were solution mined into salt domes at each of the four sites. The plastic nature of the salt is beneficial for the storage of crude oil as it heals any fractures that may occur in the salt. The SPR is responsible for operating and maintaining the nearly 120 wells used to access the storage caverns over operational lifetimes spanning decades. Salt creep can induce deformation of the well casing which must be remediated to insure cavern and well integrity. This is particularly true at the interface between the plastic salt and the rigid caprock. The Department of Energy, the SPR Management and Operations contractor, and Sandia National Laboratories has developed a multidimensional well-grading system for the salt cavern access wells. This system is designed to assign numeric grades to each well indicating its risk of losing integrity and remediation priority. The system consists of several main components which themselves may consist of sub-components. The main components consider such things as salt cavern pressure history, results from geomechanical simulations modeling salt deformation, and measurements of well casing deformation due to salt creep. In addition, the geology of the salt domes and their overlying caprock is also included in the grading. These multiple factors are combined into summary values giving the monitoring and remediation priority for each well. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International Inc. for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525.

Achieving thermography with a thermal security camera using uncooled amorphous silicon microbolometer image sensors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Yu-Wei; Tesdahl, Curtis; Owens, Jim; Dorn, David

2012-06-01

Advancements in uncooled microbolometer technology over the last several years have opened up many commercial applications which had been previously cost prohibitive. Thermal technology is no longer limited to the military and government market segments. One type of thermal sensor with low NETD which is available in the commercial market segment is the uncooled amorphous silicon (α-Si) microbolometer image sensor. Typical thermal security cameras focus on providing the best image quality by auto tonemaping (contrast enhancing) the image, which provides the best contrast depending on the temperature range of the scene. While this may provide enough information to detect objects and activities, there are further benefits of being able to estimate the actual object temperatures in a scene. This thermographic ability can provide functionality beyond typical security cameras by being able to monitor processes. Example applications of thermography[2] with thermal camera include: monitoring electrical circuits, industrial machinery, building thermal leaks, oil/gas pipelines, power substations, etc...[3][5] This paper discusses the methodology of estimating object temperatures by characterizing/calibrating different components inside a thermal camera utilizing an uncooled amorphous silicon microbolometer image sensor. Plots of system performance across camera operating temperatures will be shown.

Nonstate Security Threats in Africa: Challenges for U.S. Engagement

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-12-01

PRISM 2, no. 1 FeatuReS | 67 East Asia has led to a spike in elephant poach - ing. In June 2002, Singapore seized 6.2 metric tons of ivory (worth...country with no functioning cen- tral government since the 1980s.23 In addition to the impact on the lives and families of sailors who are taken...imports by 2015,25 and militant attacks impacting West African oil already affect the price of oil on global stock markets. The role played by

Energy Security: The Pathway to a Cost-Effective, Efficient, and Reliable Energy Future

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-12

mention of these facilities is likely to incite talk of grisly death and destruction of biblical proportion. Such is the plight of the nuclear...gulf-of-mexico/,. (accessed January 12, 2010)0 31 John W Schoen, "Can Technology Help find Oil Fast Enough?", msnbc.com, December 20, 2004, http:l...John W. "Can Technology Help find Oil Fast Enough?", msnbc.com, December 20, 2004, http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6072980/, (accessed January 11, 2010

Army Facility Energy Demand and the Impact on National Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-03-30

grown from about $15B in 1995 to $46B in 2005.17 Iran’s annual oil revenues have increased approximately $30B (200%) compared with a decade ago...uses up 25 percent of the world’s annual energy production. Additionally, the United States currently imports 26 percent of its total energy supply...insurgent groups fighting U.S. forces.”16 Iran, Venezuela and Sudan are examples of countries that benefit from increased oil revenues , while at the

Analyzing Global Interdependence. Volume III. Methodological Perspectives and Research Implications,

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-11-01

exposition of their relevance to U. S. - U. S. S.R. security relations is Glenn H. Snyder, "’Prisoner’s Dilemma’ and ’Chicken Models ’ in International...by both. The -9- same dilemma may well occur in some arms acquisitions, fishing, inflation control, or oil production situations. The fact that the...magnitudes) or individually (who goes to jail, who has which arms the other does not, who gets what from their inflation controller or oil production

Necessity of a Security Barrier in the Nord Kivu and Ituri Border Provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-10

cobalt, wood products, crude oil , coal, zinc, manganese, coltan, uranium, a flourishing flora, and a diversified fauna. The DRC’s geological potentiality...Poor knowledge of informatics has also limited the speed of research. Finally, the complexity and ambiguity of the problem, and the insistence on...Pong Massif in South Vietnam. By 1974, the trail was a four-lane wide route and also boasted four oil pipelines. From 1965 to 1975, Hanoi moved about

Growing America's Energy Future

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

The emerging U.S. bioenergy industry provides a secure and growing supply of transportation fuels, biopower, and bioproducts produced from a range of abundant, renewable biomass resources. Bioenergy can help ensure a secure, sustainable, and economically sound future by reducing U.S. dependence on foreign oil, developing domestic clean energy sources, and generating domestic green jobs. Bioenergy can also help address growing concerns about climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions to create a healthier environment for current and future generations.

Global accumulation of tree-crops and its competition with forest loss and food security in Southeast Asia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shigematsu, A.; Mizoue, N.; Yoshida, S.

2011-12-01

Tree-crops, which are the plants holding trunks for several decades and supply products in a form of fruits or resin, such as oil palm and natural rubber, comprises 5% of crop land of the world in 2008. While the expansion has been a major driver of forest loss and food security, a research on the process and proportion of tree-crops on global scale has been lacking. We examined the regional and temporal difference on the expansion process of the top five abundant tree-crops of the world while linking the trend of crop areas (for food production) and forest areas between 1960s and 2000s. We adopted FAOSTAT database and focused on globally abundant top-five tree crops (oil palm, rubber, coconuts, coffee, cocoa). Globally, notable proportional change of these five tree-crops on total crop lands was observed in Asia from 1.8% in 1961 to 5.2% in 2008. Regionally, it was Southeast Asia that exhibited the growth in the ratio of these five tree-crops on overall crop lands for the last half a century; from only one-tenth in 1961 to as much as one-fourth in 2008. While oil palm plantations are established in southern part of Southeast Asia, rubber plantations are being established in expense of traditional agricultural fields in northern Southeast Asia. We identified the tree-crops expansion has been increased in expense of agricultural areas (production for food) in Thailand from 1961 to 2008 (r = -0.828, P < 0.0001) and Myanmar from 1961 to 1989 (r = -0.741, P < 0.0001). The impacts of ongoing tree-crops expansion on food and wood security of the region need to be carefully monitored in terms of biodiversity, carbon storage, the local climate and the hydrological cycle. We proposed the suggestion the necessity of a new framework of protecting agricultural land from the expansion of tree-crops, especially oil palm and rubber.

Energy options and strategies for Western europe.

PubMed

Häfele, W; Sassin, W

1978-04-14

Western Europe, now largely dependent on oil imports, has to prepare for strong competition for oil and energy imports in general before the year 2000. The more unlikely it is for Western Europe to secure from outside rich supplies of coal or uranium at readily acceptable economic and political conditions, the more serious this competition becomes. Even exceptionally low projections of economic growth and optimistic assumptions about energy conservation urgently call for vigorous and simultaneous development of indigenous coal and nuclear sources, including the breeder. Long-term contracts for the possession and deployment of foreign oil, gas, and coal deposits are mandatory and should be negotiated in view of the possible aggravation of north-south confrontation.

The Department of Defense Statement on the Defense Energy Technology Program by Ruth M. Davis Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Advanced Technology before the Research and Development subcommittee of the Committee on Armed Services of the United States House of Representatives 96th Congress, First Session,

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-04-05

political, economic , or military pressure - pressure applied by those who either have the ability to contro directly or can indirectly influence the flow...collective national security. The political and economic risks of foreign oil supply interruptions are very serious and very real to our national security...security. We must find energy alternatives - alternatives that are domestically controllable, technically feasible, and economically , environmentally, and

Smart choices for biofuels

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-01-01

Much of the strong support for biofuels in the United States is premised on the national security advantages of reducing dependence on imported oil. In late 2007, these expected payoffs played a major role in driving an extension and expansion of the...

33 CFR 135.201 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Applicability. 135.201 Section 135.201 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND...

33 CFR 135.201 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Applicability. 135.201 Section 135.201 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND...

33 CFR 135.201 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Applicability. 135.201 Section 135.201 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND...

33 CFR 135.215 - Certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Certification. 135.215 Section 135.215 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND...

33 CFR 135.303 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

....303 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND Notification of Pollution Incidents § 135.303 Definitions. As used in this subpart: Occurrences which pose an imminent...

33 CFR 135.215 - Certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Certification. 135.215 Section 135.215 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND...

33 CFR 135.303 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

....303 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND Notification of Pollution Incidents § 135.303 Definitions. As used in this subpart: Occurrences which pose an imminent...

33 CFR 135.215 - Certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Certification. 135.215 Section 135.215 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND...

33 CFR 135.201 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Applicability. 135.201 Section 135.201 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND...

33 CFR 135.215 - Certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Certification. 135.215 Section 135.215 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND...

33 CFR 135.303 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

....303 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND Notification of Pollution Incidents § 135.303 Definitions. As used in this subpart: Occurrences which pose an imminent...

33 CFR 135.201 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Applicability. 135.201 Section 135.201 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND...

33 CFR 135.215 - Certification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Certification. 135.215 Section 135.215 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE POLLUTION FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPENSATION OFFSHORE OIL POLLUTION COMPENSATION FUND...

33 CFR 155.130 - Exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

....130 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR VESSELS General § 155.130 Exemptions... standards exist that would provide an equivalent level of protection from pollution; and (iii) The...

33 CFR 155.420 - Pumping, piping and discharge requirements for oceangoing ships of 100 gross tons and above but...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

....420 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR VESSELS Vessel Equipment § 155.420...

33 CFR 155.410 - Pumping, piping and discharge requirements for non-oceangoing ships of 100 gross tons and above.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR VESSELS Vessel Equipment § 155.410 Pumping, piping and...

33 CFR 155.130 - Exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

....130 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR VESSELS General § 155.130 Exemptions... standards exist that would provide an equivalent level of protection from pollution; and (iii) The...

33 CFR 155.130 - Exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

....130 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR VESSELS General § 155.130 Exemptions... standards exist that would provide an equivalent level of protection from pollution; and (iii) The...

33 CFR 155.130 - Exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

....130 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR VESSELS General § 155.130 Exemptions... standards exist that would provide an equivalent level of protection from pollution; and (iii) The...

33 CFR 155.130 - Exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

....130 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION OIL OR HAZARDOUS MATERIAL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS FOR VESSELS General § 155.130 Exemptions... standards exist that would provide an equivalent level of protection from pollution; and (iii) The...

Public perception: Distrust for fracking

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

MacNaghten, Philip

2017-04-01

Oil and gas extraction via hydraulic fracturing is controversial, with government support but mixed public opinion. Deliberative research shows that securing public support may be difficult because citizens in the United States and United Kingdom are sceptical of government and industry motives.

Jamaican Maritime Security. What are the Capability Gaps that Limit the Jamaica Defence Force in the Execution of its Roles in Maritime Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-06-09

revenue was generated from living resources such as fish, non-living resources such as oil, and ecosystems and ecosystem processes such as tourism ...however, based on the size of Jamaica’s tourism industry and other ocean economy related industries it is reasonable to conclude that it is a...and other marine resources eventually leads to damaged beaches and coastlines, and ultimately damages tourism and other industries. Though Jamaicans

The United States, Russia, Europe, and Security: How to Address the Unfinished Business of the Post-Cold War Era

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-04-01

offered transparency and force limitations through clear rules of the game, enabling former enemies to keep suspicions in check. It guarantees...will have to change. Of course, it will change should oil prices drop to the point of getting Russia on its knees . Beyond such a scenario, there will...and addressing security challenges in and around Europe. Today’s declaratory policy hardly matches the facts on the ground, and the rules of the

Energy and Environmental Insecurity (Joint Force Quarterly, Issue 55, 4th Quarter 2009)

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-01

Energy and Environmental Insecurity By r i c h a r D B . a n D r e s Dr. Richard B. Andres is Energy and Environment Security and Policy Chair in...security, they are as likely referring to carbon emissions as to energy self -reliance and affordable oil. Moreover, the solutions that the international...2009 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Energy and Environmental Insecurity 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d

Waste cooking oil as source for renewable fuel in Romania

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Allah, F. Um Min; Alexandru, G.

2016-08-01

Biodiesel is non-toxic renewable fuel which has the potential to replace diesel fuel with little or no modifications in diesel engine. Waste cooking oil can be used as source to produce biodiesel. It has environmental and economic advantages over other alternative fuels. Biodiesel production from transesterification is affected by water content, type f alcohol, catalyst type and concentration, alcohol to oil ratio, temperature, reaction rate, pH, free fatty acid (FFA) and stirrer speed. These parameters and their effect on transesterification are discussed in this paper. Properties of biodiesel obtained from waste cooking oil are measured according to local standards by distributor and their comparison with European biodiesel standard is also given in this paper. Comparison has shown that these properties lie within the limits of the EN 14214 standard. Furthermore emission performance of diesel engine for biodiesel-diesel blends has resulted in reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Romanian fuel market can ensure energy security by mixing fuel share with biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil. Life cycle assessment of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil has shown its viability economically and environmentally.