Debate, Research on E-Cigarettes Continues

Cancer.gov

Since they first began to be sold in North America in the mid-2000s, electronic cigarettes have been the subject of intense debate. NCI's Dr. Michele Bloch recently presented an update on some of the issues surrounding e-cigarettes.

The socio-legal acceptance of new technologies: a close look at artificial insemination.

PubMed

Bernstein, Gaia

2002-10-01

Heated debates often surround the introduction of an important new technology into society, as exemplified by current controversies surrounding human cloning and privacy protection on the Internet. Underlying these controversies are disruptions to central socio-legal values caused by these new technologies. Whether new technologies will eventually be accepted by society is often contingent on the reaction of the legal system. This mandates the formulation of a conceptual framework for understanding and structuring the way the law should react in cases surrounding the adoption of new technologies. By using the case study of artificial insemination this Article develops the tools for structuring the legal role in the acceptance process of new technologies. The three-century controversy surrounding the innovation of artificial insemination results from the innovations' disruption of the socio-legal value of the family. Artificial Insemination--although invented in the eighteenth-century--was rarely used until the 1930s, and only legalized in the 1960s. Its application to surrogacy and its use by unmarried women extends the controversy into the twenty-first century. The case study demonstrates the nature of the relationship among the technological, social and legal acceptance processes of new technologies, and analyzes the legal acceptance debate. The conceptual framework produced is useful in understanding and structuring the legal role in current debates surrounding the introduction and acceptance of new technologies.

What's wrong with novel ecosystems, really?

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The novel ecosystems concept has gained much traction in the restoration community. It has also drawn the ire of several prominent ecologists and is the focus of an ongoing debate. We consider three key aspects of this debate: irreversible thresholds, non-native species, and the hybrid state. Irreve...

Losing Ground? Part 1: The Dimensions of Urban Sprawl. Know Your Environment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, PA.

This bulletin provides information on the issues surrounding urban sprawl. It is designed to offer information on the dimensions of sprawl and related policy debates. Some of the major debates include whether or not sprawl is a problem that even needs to be addressed. A summary of the major points of debated topics is included. (Contains 20…

The New Departure Debate Surrounding Congressional Efforts to Create a National System of Education, 1871-1889

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Groen, Mark

2007-01-01

Congressman George Frisbie Hoar of Massachusetts introduced a bill "to establish a system of national education" on February 25, 1870. This bill, and others that followed, opened an acrimonious political debate that lasted for twenty years. The opening salvos of that debate, and the regional issues of ethnicity and religion that framed…

One small edit for humans, one giant edit for humankind? Points and questions to consider for a responsible way forward for gene editing in humans.

PubMed

Howard, Heidi C; van El, Carla G; Forzano, Francesca; Radojkovic, Dragica; Rial-Sebbag, Emmanuelle; de Wert, Guido; Borry, Pascal; Cornel, Martina C

2018-01-01

Gene editing, which allows for specific location(s) in the genome to be targeted and altered by deleting, adding or substituting nucleotides, is currently the subject of important academic and policy discussions. With the advent of efficient tools, such as CRISPR-Cas9, the plausibility of using gene editing safely in humans for either somatic or germ line gene editing is being considered seriously. Beyond safety issues, somatic gene editing in humans does raise ethical, legal and social issues (ELSI), however, it is suggested to be less challenging to existing ethical and legal frameworks; indeed somatic gene editing is already applied in (pre-) clinical trials. In contrast, the notion of altering the germ line or embryo such that alterations could be heritable in humans raises a large number of ELSI; it is currently debated whether it should even be allowed in the context of basic research. Even greater ELSI debates address the potential use of germ line or embryo gene editing for clinical purposes, which, at the moment is not being conducted and is prohibited in several jurisdictions. In the context of these ongoing debates surrounding gene editing, we present herein guidance to further discussion and investigation by highlighting three crucial areas that merit the most attention, time and resources at this stage in the responsible development and use of gene editing technologies: (1) conducting careful scientific research and disseminating results to build a solid evidence base; (2) conducting ethical, legal and social issues research; and (3) conducting meaningful stakeholder engagement, education and dialogue.

The Body Politic in Pain.

PubMed

Linker, Beth

2017-01-01

In his 2015 book Pain: A Political History, Keith Wailoo demonstrates how a medicalized condition became central to defining party politics in the United States from World War II down to the present. Drawing on sources ranging from postwar Congressional hearings concerning the veteran welfare state to debates surrounding Rush Limbaugh's OxyContin addiction, Wailoo offers a fresh analysis of both U.S. political history and medical history, showing how today's highly polarized party system emerged in part from debates surrounding the existence and worth of pain, as well as its management.

Do Traditional Admissions Criteria Reflect Applicant Creativity?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pretz, Jean E.; Kaufman, James C.

2017-01-01

College admissions decisions have traditionally focused on high school academic performance and standardized test scores. An ongoing debate is the validity of these measures for predicting success in college; part of this debate includes how success is defined. One potential way of defining college success is a student's creative accomplishments.…

Dialogic and Direct Instruction: Two Distinct Models of Mathematics Instruction and the Debate(s) Surrounding Them

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Munter, Charles; Stein, Mary Kay; Smith, Margaret Austin

2015-01-01

Background/Context: Which ideas should be included in the K-12 curriculum, how they are learned, and how they should be taught have been debated for decades in multiple subjects. In this article, we offer mathematics as a case in point of how new standards-related policies may offer an opportunity for reassessment and clarification of such…

[Development, science, and politics: the debate surrounding creation of the Instituto Internacional da Hiléia Amazônica].

PubMed

Magalhães, Rodrigo Cesar da Silva; Maio, Marcos Chor

2007-12-01

The article uses the debate surrounding creation of the Instituto Internacional da Hiléia Amazônica (International Institute of the Hylean Amazon--IIHA) as a point of departure for analyzing the topic of development. We first address post-World War II relations between science and development. Next, we examine the Brazilian government's initiatives in the Amazon during the 1940s and how the IIHA project was received. Lastly, we analyze the controversies ignited in Brazil by Unesco's plan. The IIHA project was a catalyst of the development debate in post-World War II Brazil. The discussions then sparked in Brazil and the project's denouement solidified a development model for the Amazon that even today underpins initiatives taken in the region.

Rhetoric, power and legitimacy: a critical analysis of the public policy disputes surrounding stem cell research in Australia (2005-6).

PubMed

Lysaght, Tamra; Kerridge, Ian

2012-02-01

In December 2006, the Australian Parliament liberalized regulation governing stem cell research. This decision and preceding legislative review generated considerable public debate, which centred on objections to the deliberate creation and destruction of human embryos for research purposes. This paper draws on qualitative research conducted on the public debate surrounding this policy episode. The aim of this research was to examine how science and scientific knowledge are mobilized by participants in these debates to support their arguments. Data were collected from 109 newspaper opinion editorials as well as 23 in-depth interviews and examined using qualitative content and thematic analysis. Results of this analysis depict science as a rhetorical, moral and political resource that provides opportunities for participants to gain legitimacy, negotiate meaning and assert authority in the public domain. The mobilization of science in public discourse is discussed along with suggestions that are aimed at encouraging greater transparency and inclusiveness in public debates around contested science and emergent technologies.

Cost Estimates for Federal Student Loans: The Market Cost Debate

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Delisle, Jason

2008-01-01

In an ongoing debate about the relative costs of the federal government's direct and guaranteed student loan programs, some budget experts and private lenders have argued for the use of "market cost" estimates. They assert that official government cost estimates for federal student loans differ from what private entities would likely charge…

Challenges for an Interdisciplinary Consideration of Cognitive Training

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Birney, Damian Patrick

2015-01-01

Whether fluid cognitive functions are malleable has been a topic of ongoing debate for at least the past 100 years. Ever-evolving technology has led to new and diverse fields of investigation entering this debate. There are significant advantages to be gained by integrating different scientific paradigms, but there are also significant challenges.…

Social Capital, Economic Development, and Homicide: A Cross-National Investigation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robbins, Blaine; Pettinicchio, David

2012-01-01

This article draws from an ongoing debate over explanations of homicide. Within this debate, we investigate the pro-social effects of civil society and social capital. Few cross-national studies explore whether elements of social capital either increase or decrease homicide. The cross-national work that does is often characterized by small,…

The Net Neutrality Debate: The Basics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greenfield, Rich

2006-01-01

Rich Greenfield examines the basics of today's net neutrality debate that is likely to be an ongoing issue for society. Greenfield states the problems inherent in the definition of "net neutrality" used by Common Cause: "Network neutrality is the principle that Internet users should be able to access any web content they choose and…

Adapted Education: The Norwegian Pathway to Inclusive and Efficient Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fasting, Rolf B.

2013-01-01

Since the UNESCO conference in 1994, inclusion has been a major denominator in the educational debates of most OECD countries, focusing on how to facilitate education and social interaction for the diversity of pupils. By international standards, the Norwegian education system is regarded as inclusive, but the ongoing debate and political pressure…

The British Higher Education Funding Debate: The Perils of "Talking Economics"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dodds, Anneliese

2011-01-01

This article examines current debates surrounding British higher education funding from a political economy perspective, drawing on "positive" and "institutionalist" political economy. Adopting the lens of political economy enables a critical assessment of the use of terms drawn from economics by many higher education…

A Simulation of Counter-Cyclical Intervention: Some Practical Lessons

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grawe, Nathan D.; Watts, Michael, Ed.

2007-01-01

The author introduces a simulation of counter-cyclical interventions that highlights important issues surrounding the practice of government intervention. The simulation provides experiential insight as to why economists have long debated the degree of persistence exhibited by disequilibrating shocks and connects this debate to discussions about…

Looking for race in all the wrong places: analyzing the lack of productivity in the ongoing debate about race and genetics.

PubMed

Foster, Morris W

2009-09-01

The ongoing debate about the relationship between race and genetics is more than a century old and has yet to be resolved. Recent emphasis on population-based patterns in human genetic variation and the implications of those for disease susceptibility and drug response have revitalized that long-standing debate. Both sides in the debate use the same rhetorical device of treating geographic, ancestral, population-specific, and other categories as surrogates for race, but otherwise share no evidentiary standards, analytic frameworks, or scientific goals that might resolve the debate and result in some productive outcome. Setting a common goal of weighing the scientific benefits of using racial and other social heuristics with testable estimates of the potential social harms of racialization can reduce both the unreflexive use of race and other social identities in biological analyses as well as the unreflexive use of racialization in social critiques of genetics. Treating social identities used in genetic studies as objects for investigation rather than artifacts of participant self-report or researcher attribution also will reduce the extent to which genetic studies that report social identities imply that membership in social categories can be defined or predicted using genetic features.

'Looking as little like patients as persons well could': hypnotism, medicine and the problem of the suggestible subject in late nineteenth-century Britain.

PubMed

Chettiar, Teri

2012-07-01

During the late nineteenth century, many British physicians rigorously experimented with hypnosis as a therapeutic practice. Despite mounting evidence attesting to its wide-ranging therapeutic uses publicised in the 1880s and 1890s, medical hypnosis remained highly controversial. After a decade and a half of extensive medical discussion and debate surrounding the adoption of hypnosis by mainstream medical professionals--including a thorough inquiry organised by the British Medical Association--it was decisively excluded from serious medical consideration by 1900. This essay examines the complex question of why hypnosis was excluded from professional medical practice by the end of the nineteenth century. Objections to its medical adoption rarely took issue with its supposed effectiveness in producing genuine therapeutic and anaesthetic results. Instead, critics' objections were centred upon a host of social and moral concerns regarding the patient's state of suggestibility and weakened 'will-power' while under the physician's hypnotic 'spell'. The problematic question of precisely how far hypnotic 'rapport' and suggestibility might depart from the Victorian liberal ideal of rational individual autonomy lay at the heart of these concerns. As this essay demonstrates, the hypnotism debate was characterised by a tension between physicians' attempts to balance their commitment to restore patients to health and pervasive middle-class concerns about the rapid and ongoing changes transforming British society at the turn of the century.

The Baltic Republics and Language Ideological Debates Surrounding European Union Accession

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hogan-Brun, Gabrielle

2005-01-01

This paper describes the impact of European Union accession negotiations on language ideological debates regarding minority (language) and citizenship rights in the Baltic Republics. It explores issues pertaining to the transferability of standards developed for established democracies in the West to the situation of democratising countries in…

The Economics of Child Care.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blau, David M., Ed.

Economic issues are an important part of the debate over child care policy. This volume presents findings from economic analyses of research on child care issues surrounding recent policy decisions and scholarly debates. The book's introduction discusses four main issues; government involvement in child care policies, its effect on quality of…

School Uniforms: A Critical Review of the Literature. From Inquiry to Practice.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brunsma, David L.

The debate surrounding the effectiveness of school-uniform policies, as well as discussions concerning when and how to implement them, is rooted in anecdote. This review summarizes anecdotal literature on which the current debate is based and critically reviews the empirical literature, including theoretical underpinnings, findings, and…

Institutional Diversity in Ontario's University Sector: A Policy Debate Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Piché, Pierre G.; Jones, Glen A.

2016-01-01

In order to meet the demands in a cost-effective manner of an emerging knowledge society that is global in scope, structural higher education policy changes have been introduced in many countries with a focus on systemic and programmatic diversity. There has been an ongoing debate about institutional diversity in Ontario higher education,…

Teaching Science or Cultivating Values? Conservation NGOs and Environmental Education in Costa Rica

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blum, Nicole

2009-01-01

A key ongoing debate in environmental education practice and its research relates to the content and goals of environmental education programmes. Specifically, there is a long history of debate between advocates of educational perspectives that emphasise the teaching of science concepts and those that seek to more actively link environmental and…

An "Energetic and Controversial" Historian of Education Yesterday and Today: A. F. Leach (1851-1915)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Simon, Joan

2007-01-01

This article is posthumously published as the late Joan Simon's most recent contribution to ongoing debates in historiography of education. Joan remained an active writer and a contributor to this journal and submitted the present article only months before her death, with characteristic determination to engage in historiographical debate, and to…

Technology's Role in Shaping Literacy Discourse

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crowder, Deborah Stephens

2009-01-01

Philosophical examinations untie question "What is literacy?" lie at the center of many, if not most, educational debates. Current Discourse surrounding literacy practices is a result of the history and theories surrounding reading instruction. This philosophical inquiry examines, through the careful examination of historical events and theories…

Encyclopedia of Gun Control and Gun Rights.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Utter, Glenn H.

This reference volume provides information on gun control and gun rights, including resources on the debate surrounding the Second Amendment and individuals and organizations focused on gun issues, along with statutes, court cases, events, and publications surrounding this current topic. Highlighted are the important organizations and their…

Playing the Numbers: The Return of the Overeducated American?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Doyle, William R.

2011-01-01

Is college worth it? In the midst of an ongoing recovery that has not sparked large-scale job growth, some observers and analysts of higher education have suggested that it may not pay an individual to pursue a college education. There is also ongoing debate about whether the economy needs as many college graduates as currently produced. The…

Reasons for Non-Completion and Dissatisfaction among Apprentices and Trainees: A Regional Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hart, Alison; Snell, Darryn

2008-01-01

Skills shortages have reinvigorated ongoing debate and concern about high attrition rates among Australian apprentices and trainees. Low apprentice and trainee wages have often been cited to explain this ongoing problem. This paper discusses the factors contributing to non-completion among apprentices and trainees in regional Victoria, and how the…

When a Spoonful of Fallacies Helps the Sweetener Go Down: The Corn Refiner Association's Use of Straw-Person Arguments in Health Debates Surrounding High-Fructose Corn Syrup.

PubMed

Heiss, Sarah N; Bates, Benjamin R

2016-08-01

The American public is increasingly concerned about risks associated with food additives like high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS). To promote its product as safe, the Corn Refiners Association (CRA) employed two forms of straw-person arguments. First, the CRA opportunistically misrepresented HFCS opposition as inept. Second, the CRA strategically chose to refute claims that were easier to defeat while remaining ambiguous about more complex points of contention. We argue that CRA's discursive contributions represented unreasonable yet sustainable use of straw-person arguments in debates surrounding health and risk.

Citizenship Education and the Dutch National Identity Debate

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Doppen, Frans H.

2010-01-01

As a result of dramatic demographic changes during the last half century as well as a series of recent events surrounding prominent personas, the Dutch have been engaged in an intense debate about their national identity and how citizenship education can contribute to the integration of Muslim immigrants in particular. This article analyses the…

Sex Instruction and the Construction of Homosexuality in New Zealand, 1920-1965

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brickell, Chris

2005-01-01

Historical analysis of sex education materials, as well as of the debates that surround them, can shed light upon the construction of sexuality in particular contexts. This article examines some of these materials and debates as a window into the construction of "homosexuality" and "the homosexual" in mid-twentieth century New…

The Great Graduation-Rate Debate

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wolfe, Christine O.

2009-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to promote clearer understanding of the graduation-rate debate by distilling the policy developments and controversy surrounding the measurement of these rates over the last decade. The paper concludes with a discussion of the move toward a federally mandated common metric for graduation rates. The No Child Left Behind…

Fueling a Crisis: Public Argument and the 1988 Yellowstone Fire Debate.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hardy-Short, Dayle; Short, C. Brant

Debate surrounding the 1988 Yellowstone National Park fires provides material for a case study into the relationship between a crisis and public argument. Studies like this reflect the importance of a recent trend in higher education, namely, the analysis of environmental issues from different academic perspectives. In this case, analysis of…

Language Policy, In-Migration and Discursive Debates in Wales

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Edwards, Catrin Wyn

2017-01-01

Drawing on theory from critical language policy literature, this article explores the impact of discourses on in-migration on Welsh language policy. By focussing on discursive debates surrounding the subject of in-migration, the article analyses how a range of actors produce and reproduce discourses on in-migration in Wales and how these…

Operationalizing Social Work Science through Research-Practice Partnerships: Lessons from Implementation Science

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Palinkas, Lawrence A.; He, Amy S.; Choy-Brown, Mimi; Hertel, Amy Locklear

2017-01-01

Recent efforts to identify and promote a distinct science for the discipline of social work have led to an ongoing debate regarding the nature and function of such a science. Central to this debate is a lack of consensus as to how to operationalize a social work science. Drawing from the field of implementation science and its application in…

The Creative Problem Solving Skills of Arts and Science Students--The Two Cultures Debate Revisited

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williamson, Peter K.

2011-01-01

Research, carried out mainly in the period between the 1960s and 1980s, reported significant differences in the thinking styles of science and arts students. At this time university and school teaching was highly specialised and concern was expressed in the ongoing "two cultures" debate (Snow, 1959).Considerable changes have taken place in the…

On the Relationship Between Effort Toward an Ongoing Task and Cue Detection in Event-Based Prospective Memory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marsh, Richard L.; Hicks, Jason L.; Cook, Gabriel I.

2005-01-01

In recent theories of event-based prospective memory, researchers have debated what degree of resources are necessary to identify a cue as related to a previously established intention. In order to simulate natural variations in attention, the authors manipulated effort toward an ongoing cognitive task in which intention-related cues were embedded…

Race and Jury Selection: Psychological Perspectives on the Peremptory Challenge Debate

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sommers, Samuel R.; Norton, Michael I.

2008-01-01

The legal system is a domain of potential relevance for psychologists, whether in the capacity of expert witness or citizen juror. In this article, the authors apply a psychological framework to legal debate surrounding the impact of race on the process of jury selection. More specifically, the authors consider race and the peremptory challenge,…

Deflecting the Political in the Visual Images of Execution and the Death Penalty Debate

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

George, Diana; Shoos, Diane

2005-01-01

Examining a range of visual images of executions, both legal (the executions of convicted murderers) and extralegal (the lynchings of innocent African Americans), in still photographs and in Hollywood films, the authors suggest that while such images may flatten and neutralize the popular debates and politics surrounding the issues, this is not…

Balancing intellectual monopoly privileges and the need for essential medicines

PubMed Central

Martin, Greg; Sorenson, Corinna; Faunce, Thomas

2007-01-01

This issue of Globalization and Health presents a paper by Kerry and Lee that considers the TRIPS agreement and the recent policy debate regarding the protection of public health interest, particularly as they pertain to the Doha Declaration. In this editorial, we consider the debate, the conclusions thereof, and identify five questions that should be considered by key stakeholders in ongoing discussions. PMID:17565684

Mirror, Mirror on the Wall: Examining the National Association of Scholars and Teachers for Democratic Culture Debate.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allen, Mike; Tollefson, Michael

This paper considers the ongoing debate between two organizations (National Association of Scholars and Teachers for a Democratic Culture) in higher education. The rhetorical positions of each side resemble those of the "cold war" between the United States and the Soviet Union of the 1950s and 1960s where each side created a mirror image…

Critical Race Theory in Education, Marxism and Abstract Racial Domination

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cole, Mike

2012-01-01

In the context of the ongoing debate between critical race theory (CRT) and Marxism, I begin in this paper by examining the origins of CRT in Critical Legal Studies (CLS) in the United States. I go on to describe CRT's entry into education, first in that country, and then in the United Kingdom. I move on to a discussion of current debates between…

From Theory to Research: Contextual Predictors of "Estar + Adjective" and the Study of the SLA of Spanish Copula Choice--A Response to Woolsey

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lafford, Barbara A.

2008-01-01

The use of social vs. cognitive approaches to the study of second language acquisition (SLA) has engendered considerable debate in the field. For instance, the recent "Modern Language Journal" Focus Issue (Lafford, 2007a) reviewed the ongoing debate between scholars espousing socially- and cognitively-grounded approaches to SLA research and…

‘Looking as Little Like Patients as Persons Well Could’: Hypnotism, Medicine and the Problem of the Suggestible Subject in Late Nineteenth-Century Britain

PubMed Central

Chettiar, Teri

2012-01-01

During the late nineteenth century, many British physicians rigorously experimented with hypnosis as a therapeutic practice. Despite mounting evidence attesting to its wide-ranging therapeutic uses publicised in the 1880s and 1890s, medical hypnosis remained highly controversial. After a decade and a half of extensive medical discussion and debate surrounding the adoption of hypnosis by mainstream medical professionals – including a thorough inquiry organised by the British Medical Association – it was decisively excluded from serious medical consideration by 1900. This essay examines the complex question of why hypnosis was excluded from professional medical practice by the end of the nineteenth century. Objections to its medical adoption rarely took issue with its supposed effectiveness in producing genuine therapeutic and anaesthetic results. Instead, critics’ objections were centred upon a host of social and moral concerns regarding the patient’s state of suggestibility and weakened ‘will-power’ while under the physician’s hypnotic ‘spell’. The problematic question of precisely how far hypnotic ‘rapport’ and suggestibility might depart from the Victorian liberal ideal of rational individual autonomy lay at the heart of these concerns. As this essay demonstrates, the hypnotism debate was characterised by a tension between physicians’ attempts to balance their commitment to restore patients to health and pervasive middle-class concerns about the rapid and ongoing changes transforming British society at the turn of the century. PMID:23002303

The student experience of applied equivalence-based instruction for neuroanatomy teaching.

PubMed

Greville, W James; Dymond, Simon; Newton, Philip M

2016-01-01

Esoteric jargon and technical language are potential barriers to the teaching of science and medicine. Effective teaching strategies which address these barriers are desirable. Here, we created and evaluated the effectiveness of stand-alone 'equivalence-based instruction' (EBI) learning resources wherein the teaching of a small number of direct relationships between stimuli (e.g., anatomical regions, their function, and pathology) results in the learning of higher numbers of untaught relationships. We used a pre and post test design to assess students' learning of the relations. Resources were evaluated by students for perceived usefulness and confidence in the topic. Three versions of the resources were designed, to explore learning parameters such as the number of stimulus classes and the number of relationships within these classes. We show that use of EBI resulted in demonstrable learning of material that had not been directly taught. The resources were well received by students, even when the quantity of material to be learned was high. There was a strong desire for more EBI-based teaching. The findings are discussed in the context of an ongoing debate surrounding 'rote' vs. 'deep' learning, and the need to balance this debate with considerations of cognitive load and esoteric jargon routinely encountered during the study of medicine. These standalone EBI resources were an effective, efficient and well-received method for teaching neuroanatomy to medical students. The approach may be of benefit to other subjects with abundant technical jargon, science and other areas of medicine.

Thoughts on Film: Critically Engaging with Both Adorno and Benjamin

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

D'Olimpio, Laura

2015-01-01

There is a traditional debate in analytic aesthetics that surrounds the classification of film as Art. While much philosophy devoted to considering film has now moved beyond this debate and accepts film as a mass art, a subcategory of Art proper, it is worth reconsidering the criticism of film pre-Deleuze. Much of the criticism of film as…

Weighting for China, Counting on the United States: Asia’s China Debate and U.S. Interests

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-12-01

political stability . Unease exists about ethnic Chinese migration and diasporas and the possible reassertion of China s historical dominance. The United States has a prime opportunity to influence Asia s China debate because the debate is ongoing, and the United States remains regarded as fundamental to national and regional calculations including about China. Extreme U.S.-China tensions and possible pressures by either to choose sides are unwelcome. No Asian country expects or desires China to supplant U.S. regional pre-eminence. At worst, some favor a balance of great

Beyond the theoretical rhetoric: a proposal to study the consequences of drug legalization.

PubMed

Yacoubian, G S

2001-01-01

Drug legalization is a frequently-debated drug control policy alternative. It should come as little surprise, therefore, that the arguments in favor of both legalization and prohibition have resulted in a conceptual stalemate. While theoretical deliberations are unquestionably valuable, they seem to have propelled this particular issue to its limit. To date, no works have suggested any empirical studies that might test the framework and potential consequences of drug legalization. In the current study, the arguments surrounding the drug legalization debate are synthesized into a proposal for future research. Such a proposal illustrates that the core elements surrounding drug legalization are not only testable, but that the time may be right to consider such an empirical effort.

Estimating the formation age distribution of continental crust by unmixing zircon ages

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Korenaga, Jun

2018-01-01

Continental crust provides first-order control on Earth's surface environment, enabling the presence of stable dry landmasses surrounded by deep oceans. The evolution of continental crust is important for atmospheric evolution, because continental crust is an essential component of deep carbon cycle and is likely to have played a critical role in the oxygenation of the atmosphere. Geochemical information stored in the mineral zircon, known for its resilience to diagenesis and metamorphism, has been central to ongoing debates on the genesis and evolution of continental crust. However, correction for crustal reworking, which is the most critical step when estimating original formation ages, has been incorrectly formulated, undermining the significance of previous estimates. Here I suggest a simple yet promising approach for reworking correction using the global compilation of zircon data. The present-day distribution of crustal formation age estimated by the new "unmixing" method serves as the lower bound to the true crustal growth, and large deviations from growth models based on mantle depletion imply the important role of crustal recycling through the Earth history.

Longitudinal effects of bilingualism on dual-tasking

PubMed Central

Josefsson, Maria; Marsh, John E.; Hansson, Patrik; Ljungberg, Jessica K.

2017-01-01

An ongoing debate surrounds whether bilinguals outperform monolinguals in tests of executive processing. The aim of this study was to investigate if there are long-term (10 year) bilingual advantages in executive processing, as indexed by dual-task performance, in a sample that were 40–65 years at baseline. The bilingual (n = 24) and monolingual (n = 24) participants were matched on age, sex, education, fluid intelligence, and study sample. Participants performed free-recall for a 12-item list in three dual-task settings wherein they sorted cards either during encoding, retrieval, or during both encoding and retrieval of the word-list. Free recall without card sorting was used as a reference to compute dual-task costs. The results showed that bilinguals significantly outperformed monolinguals when they performed card-sorting during both encoding and retrieval of the word-list, the condition that presumably placed the highest demands on executive functioning. However, dual-task costs increased over time for bilinguals relative to monolinguals, a finding that is possibly influenced by retirement age and limited use of second language in the bilingual group. PMID:29281654

Membrane-Mediated Oligomerization of G Protein Coupled Receptors and Its Implications for GPCR Function

PubMed Central

Gahbauer, Stefan; Böckmann, Rainer A.

2016-01-01

The dimerization or even oligomerization of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) causes ongoing, controversial debates about its functional role and the coupled biophysical, biochemical or biomedical implications. A continously growing number of studies hints to a relation between oligomerization and function of GPCRs and strengthens the assumption that receptor assembly plays a key role in the regulation of protein function. Additionally, progress in the structural analysis of GPCR-G protein and GPCR-ligand interactions allows to distinguish between actively functional and non-signaling complexes. Recent findings further suggest that the surrounding membrane, i.e., its lipid composition may modulate the preferred dimerization interface and as a result the abundance of distinct dimeric conformations. In this review, the association of GPCRs and the role of the membrane in oligomerization will be discussed. An overview of the different reported oligomeric interfaces is provided and their capability for signaling discussed. The currently available data is summarized with regard to the formation of GPCR oligomers, their structures and dependency on the membrane microenvironment as well as the coupling of oligomerization to receptor function. PMID:27826255

What Costs Do Reveal and Moving beyond the Cost Debate: Reply to Einstein and McDaniel (2010)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Rebekah E.

2010-01-01

Einstein et al. (2005) predicted no cost to an ongoing task when a prospective memory task met certain criteria. Smith, Hunt, McVay, and McConnell (2007) used prospective memory tasks that met these criteria and found a cost to the ongoing task, contrary to Einstein et al.'s prediction. Einstein and McDaniel (2010) correctly noted that there are…

Urban v. Suburban: The Examination of the Debate over Where to Site Two New Jersey Community Colleges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Noonan, Patrick S.

2013-01-01

This research examines the debate surrounding the site selection of several New Jersey community colleges. It takes into account the 1960s time period in which they were founded. The process to establish a community college commenced with each county establishing a committee to assess whether or not there was a need to institute a county college…

Oregon's Death With Dignity Act: 20 Years of Experience to Inform the Debate.

PubMed

Hedberg, Katrina; New, Craig

2017-10-17

Twenty years ago, Oregon voters approved the Death With Dignity Act, making Oregon the first state in the United States to allow physicians to prescribe medications to be self-administered by terminally ill patients to hasten their death. This report summarizes the experience in Oregon, including the numbers and types of participating patients and providers. These data should inform the ongoing policy debate as additional jurisdictions consider such legislation.

Issues surrounding lethal injection as a means of capital punishment.

PubMed

Romanelli, Frank; Whisman, Tyler; Fink, Joseph L

2008-12-01

Lethal injection as a method of state-sanctioned capital punishment was initially proposed in the United States in 1977 and used for the first time in 1982. Most lethal injection protocols use a sequential drug combination of sodium thiopental, pancuronium bromide, and potassium chloride. Lethal injection was originally introduced as a more humane form of execution compared with existing mechanical methods such as electrocution, toxic gassing, hanging, or firing squad. Lethal injection has not, however, been without controversy. Several states are considering whether lethal injection meets constitutional scrutiny forbidding cruel and unusual punishment. Recently in the case of Ralph Baze and Thomas C. Bowling, Petitioners, v John D. Rees, Commissioner, Kentucky Department of Corrections et al, the United States Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the lethal injection protocol as carried out in the Commonwealth of Kentucky. Most of the debate has surrounded the dosing and procedures used in lethal injection and whether the drug combinations and measures for administering the drugs truly produce a timely, pain-free, and fail-safe death. Many have also raised issues regarding the "medicalization" of execution and the ethics of health care professionals' participation in any part of the lethal injection process. As a result of all these issues, the future of lethal injection as a means of execution in the United States is under significant scrutiny. Outcomes of ongoing legislative and judicial reviews might result in cessation of lethal injection in totality or in alterations involving specific drug combinations or administration procedures.

Bioethics and health disparity: Adding diversity to the debate.

PubMed

Chilton, Janice Allen; Hajek, Richard A

2006-01-01

Advances in biomedical science and technology have raised profound challenges to the way we think, feel, and act regarding human practices and ideals. Ethicists are needed from diverse populations who can enhance moral debate by offering cultural insight as choices are made as to how society should approach the expanding medical and biological possibilities. In this text, we review comments from bioethicists who are focusing on the moral issues surrounding health disparity. The purpose of the report is to ask the reader to begin to understand how to be an informed partner in this ethical debate.

Ectopic lymphoid structures support ongoing production of class-switched autoantibodies in rheumatoid synovium.

PubMed

Humby, Frances; Bombardieri, Michele; Manzo, Antonio; Kelly, Stephen; Blades, Mark C; Kirkham, Bruce; Spencer, Jo; Pitzalis, Costantino

2009-01-13

Follicular structures resembling germinal centres (GCs) that are characterized by follicular dendritic cell (FDC) networks have long been recognized in chronically inflamed tissues in autoimmune diseases, including the synovium of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, it is debated whether these ectopic structures promote autoimmunity and chronic inflammation driving the production of pathogenic autoantibodies. Anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPA) are highly specific markers of RA, predict a poor prognosis, and have been suggested to be pathogenic. Therefore, the main study objectives were to determine whether ectopic lymphoid structures in RA synovium: (i) express activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), the enzyme required for somatic hypermutation and class-switch recombination (CSR) of Ig genes; (ii) support ongoing CSR and ACPA production; and (iii) remain functional in a RA/severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) chimera model devoid of new immune cell influx into the synovium. Using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative Taqman real-time PCR (QT-PCR) in synovial tissue from 55 patients with RA, we demonstrated that FDC+ structures invariably expressed AID with a distribution resembling secondary lymphoid organs. Further, AID+/CD21+ follicular structures were surrounded by ACPA+/CD138+ plasma cells, as demonstrated by immune reactivity to citrullinated fibrinogen. Moreover, we identified a novel subset of synovial AID+/CD20+ B cells outside GCs resembling interfollicular large B cells. In order to gain direct functional evidence that AID+ structures support CSR and in situ manufacturing of class-switched ACPA, 34 SCID mice were transplanted with RA synovium and humanely killed at 4 wk for harvesting of transplants and sera. Persistent expression of AID and Igamma-Cmu circular transcripts (identifying ongoing IgM-IgG class-switching) was observed in synovial grafts expressing FDCs/CD21L. Furthermore, synovial mRNA levels of AID were closely associated with circulating human IgG ACPA in mouse sera. Finally, the survival and proliferation of functional B cell niches was associated with persistent overexpression of genes regulating ectopic lymphoneogenesis. Our demonstration that FDC+ follicular units invariably express AID and are surrounded by ACPA-producing plasma cells provides strong evidence that ectopic lymphoid structures in the RA synovium are functional and support autoantibody production. This concept is further confirmed by evidence of sustained AID expression, B cell proliferation, ongoing CSR, and production of human IgG ACPA from GC+ synovial tissue transplanted into SCID mice, independently of new B cell influx from the systemic circulation. These data identify AID as a potential therapeutic target in RA and suggest that survival of functional synovial B cell niches may profoundly influence chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, and response to B cell-depleting therapies.

Academic essay writing in the first person: a guide for undergraduates.

PubMed

Hamill, C

In this article, Conal Hamill aims to contribute to the on-going debate about the appropriate use of first person writing in academic nursing assignments and provide guidance for nursing undergraduates.

Defensive Driving.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sutton, Judy

1997-01-01

Discusses management issues surrounding school busing operations within the context of tightening budgets while simultaneously serving the growing number of students with special needs. The debate on bus use for advertising is highlighted. (GR)

Establishing consciousness in non-communicative patients: a modern-day version of the Turing test.

PubMed

Stins, John F

2009-03-01

In a recent study of a patient in a persistent vegetative state, [Owen, A. M., Coleman, M. R., Boly, M., Davis, M. H., Laureys, S., & Pickard, J. D. (2006). Detecting awareness in the vegetative state. Science, 313, 1402] claimed that they had demonstrated the presence of consciousness in this patient. This bold conclusion was based on the isomorphy between brain activity in this patient and a set of conscious control subjects, obtained in various imagery tasks. However, establishing consciousness in unresponsive patients is fraught with methodological and conceptual difficulties. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that the current debate surrounding consciousness in VS patients has parallels in the artificial intelligence (AI) debate as to whether machines can think. Basically, (Owen et al., 2006) used a method analogous to the Turing test to reveal the presence of consciousness, whereas their adversaries adopted a line of reasoning akin to Searle's Chinese room argument. Highlighting the correspondence between these two debates can help to clarify the issues surrounding consciousness in non-communicative agents.

The student experience of applied equivalence-based instruction for neuroanatomy teaching

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

Purpose Esoteric jargon and technical language are potential barriers to the teaching of science and medicine. Effective teaching strategies which address these barriers are desirable. Here, we created and evaluated the effectiveness of stand-alone ‘equivalence-based instruction’ (EBI) learning resources wherein the teaching of a small number of direct relationships between stimuli (e.g., anatomical regions, their function, and pathology) results in the learning of higher numbers of untaught relationships. Methods We used a pre and post test design to assess students’ learning of the relations. Resources were evaluated by students for perceived usefulness and confidence in the topic. Three versions of the resources were designed, to explore learning parameters such as the number of stimulus classes and the number of relationships within these classes. Results We show that use of EBI resulted in demonstrable learning of material that had not been directly taught. The resources were well received by students, even when the quantity of material to be learned was high. There was a strong desire for more EBI-based teaching. The findings are discussed in the context of an ongoing debate surrounding ‘rote’ vs. ‘deep’ learning, and the need to balance this debate with considerations of cognitive load and esoteric jargon routinely encountered during the study of medicine. Conclusion These standalone EBI resources were an effective, efficient and well-received method for teaching neuroanatomy to medical students. The approach may be of benefit to other subjects with abundant technical jargon, science and other areas of medicine. PMID:27649900

The American abortion debate: culture war or normal discourse?

PubMed

Dillon, M

1995-01-01

This paper investigates whether James Hunter's culture war thesis is an apt characterization of the American abortion debate. The author focuses on three arguments central to Hunter's analysis: 1) that the abortion debate involves two paradigmatically opposed world views; 2) that debate about abortion, since it involves moral discourse, is structurally different than other political debates; and 3) that the new alignments in abortion politics are culturally significant. Examining existing research in each of these three domains, the author finds that the debate over abortion is more complex than suggested by Hunter. World views of pro-life and pro-choice activists, for example, share a commitment to some overlapping values; the argumentative structure of abortion discourse has a pattern rather similar to that of political debate more generally, and new alignments on abortion, such as that between the Catholic Church and the Southern Baptist Convention, do not displace historically embedded differences in symbolic resources and cultural orientation. As suggested by the author, it may be more helpful, therefore, to think of the abortion debate as an ongoing public conversation about America's cultural tradition and how it should be variously expressed in contemporary laws and practices.

Therapeutic approach to Crohn disease: possible parallels with hidradenitis suppurativa.

PubMed

González Lama, Y; Marín-Jiménez, I

2016-09-01

The current controversy in the setting of dermatology surrounding the treatment of inflammatory diseases, and specifically hidradenitis suppurativa, bears strong similarities with the debate concerning inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that took place several years ago. That debate led to new perspectives on this disease and, in particular, its treatment after the development of biological agents. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier España, S.L.U. y AEDV. All rights reserved.

Position statement on cannabis.

PubMed

Stein, Dan Joseph

2016-05-16

There is an ongoing national debate around cannabis policy. This brief position statement by the Executive Committee of the Central Drug Authorityoutlines some of the factors that have contributed to this debate, delineates reduction strategies, summarises the harms and benefits ofmarijuana, and provides recommendations. These recommendations emphasise an integrated and evidence-based approach, the need forresources to implement harm reduction strategies against continued and chronic use of alcohol and cannabis, and the potential value of afocus on decriminalisation rather than the legalisation of cannabis.

The Bio:Fiction film festival: Sensing how a debate about synthetic biology might evolve.

PubMed

Schmidt, Markus; Meyer, Angela; Cserer, Amelie

2015-07-01

Synthetic biology (SB) is a new techno-scientific field surrounded by an aura of hope, hype and fear. Currently it is difficult to predict which way the public debate - and thus the social shaping of technology - is heading. With limited hard evidence at hand, we resort to a strategy that takes into account speculative design and diegetic prototyping, accessing the Bio:Fiction science film festival, and its 52 short films from international independent filmmakers. Our first hypothesis was that these films could be used as an indicator of a public debate to come. The second hypothesis was that SB would most likely not follow the debate around genetic engineering (framing technology as conflict) as assumed by many observers. Instead, we found good evidence for two alternative comparators, namely nanotechnology (technology as progress) and information technology (technology as gadget) as stronger attractors for an upcoming public debate on SB. © The Author(s) 2013.

The Bio:Fiction film festival: Sensing how a debate about synthetic biology might evolve

PubMed Central

Meyer, Angela; Cserer, Amelie

2015-01-01

Synthetic biology (SB) is a new techno-scientific field surrounded by an aura of hope, hype and fear. Currently it is difficult to predict which way the public debate – and thus the social shaping of technology – is heading. With limited hard evidence at hand, we resort to a strategy that takes into account speculative design and diegetic prototyping, accessing the Bio:Fiction science film festival, and its 52 short films from international independent filmmakers. Our first hypothesis was that these films could be used as an indicator of a public debate to come. The second hypothesis was that SB would most likely not follow the debate around genetic engineering (framing technology as conflict) as assumed by many observers. Instead, we found good evidence for two alternative comparators, namely nanotechnology (technology as progress) and information technology (technology as gadget) as stronger attractors for an upcoming public debate on SB. PMID:24164747

Reply to Thornton, "Social Studies Misunderstood."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Egan, Kieran

1984-01-01

In this ongoing debate, Egan still maintains that because social studies is based on incorrect theories of child learning and aims to socialize and because the idea of social studies is confusing, the discipline should be allowed to die. (RM)

The Japanese tsunami and resulting nuclear emergency at the Fukushima Daiichi power facility: technical, radiologic, and response perspectives.

PubMed

Dauer, Lawrence T; Zanzonico, Pat; Tuttle, R Michael; Quinn, Dennis M; Strauss, H William

2011-09-01

The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power facility, in the Futaba District of the Fukushima Prefecture in Japan, was severely damaged by the earthquake and ensuing tsunami that struck off the northern coast of the island of Honshu on March 11, 2011. The resulting structural damage to the plant disabled the reactor's cooling systems and led to significant, ongoing environmental releases of radioactivity, triggering a mandatory evacuation of a large area surrounding the plant. The status of the facility continues to change, and permanent control of its radioactive inventory has not yet been achieved. The purpose of this educational article is to summarize the short-term chronology, radiologic consequences, emergency responses, and long-term challenges associated with this event. Although there is ongoing debate on preparedness before the event and the candor of responsible entities in recognizing and disclosing its severity, it largely appears that appropriate key actions were taken by the Japanese authorities during the event that should mitigate any radiologic health impact. These actions include an organized evacuation of over 200,000 inhabitants from the vicinity of the site and areas early in the emergency; monitoring of food and water and placement of radiation limits on such foodstuffs; distribution of stable potassium iodide; and systematic scanning of evacuees. However, the risk of additional fuel damage and of further, perhaps substantial, releases persists. The situation at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear facility remains fluid, and the long-term environmental and health impact will likely take years to fully delineate.

Muscle dysmorphia and the DSM-V conundrum: where does it belong? A review paper.

PubMed

Murray, Stuart B; Rieger, Elizabeth; Touyz, Stephen W; De la Garza García Lic, Yolanda

2010-09-01

Muscle dysmorphia is a relatively recently identified psychological condition that, since its inception, has been variously conceptualized as an eating disorder and subsequently as a type of body dysmorphic disorder within the somatoform disorders. This review aims to inform and encourage ongoing debate surrounding the diagnostic placement of this disorder. We present a review and synthesis of the extant literature with a view to informing future decisions regarding the conceptualization of muscle dysmorphia. The validity of muscle dysmorphia as a clinical entity has been empirically demonstrated. While the condition bears little semblance to somatization as currently conceptualized, the research suggests a strong conceptual similarity with anorexia nervosa. However, future research needs to utilize more appropriate measures of male eating disorder pathology. Muscle dysmorphia is also inclusive of obsessive compulsive features that are typical to those seen in eating disorder presentations. We suggest that muscle dysmorphia be reanalyzed through the lens of an eating disorder spectrum. Recognition of muscle dysmorphia as an eating disorder may offer more clinical utility in recognizing the male experience of eating disorder pathology and also help reduce the number of current male cases falling into the EDNOS category. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

International perspectives on the ethics and regulation of human cell and tissue transplantation.

PubMed

Schulz-Baldes, Annette; Biller-Andorno, Nikola; Capron, Alexander Morgan

2007-12-01

The transplantation of human cells and tissues has become a global enterprise for both life-saving and life-enhancing purposes. Yet current practices raise numerous ethical and policy issues relating to informed consent for donation, profit-making, and quality and safety in the procurement, processing, distribution, and international circulation of human cells and tissues. This paper reports on recent developments in the international debate surrounding these issues, and in particular on the attention cell and tissue transplantation has received in WHO's ongoing process of updating its 1991 Guiding principles on human organ transplantation. Several of the organizers of an international working group of stakeholders from a wide range of backgrounds that convened in Zurich in July 2006 summarize the areas of normative agreement and disagreement, and identify open questions regarding facts and fundamental concepts of potential normative significance. These issues must be addressed through development of common medical, scientific, legal and ethical requirements for human cell and tissue transplantation on a global basis. While guidance must accommodate the distinct ethical issues raised by activities involving human cells and tissues, consistency with normative frameworks for organ transplantation remains a prime objective.

Updates in the management of sinonasal mucosal melanoma.

PubMed

Crippen, Meghan M; Kılıç, Suat; Eloy, Jean A

2018-02-01

Sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM) is an aggressive cancer with a poor prognosis. Although there is significant study surrounding the treatment of sinonasal malignancies and cutaneous melanomas, the rarity of this tumor has largely precluded robust outcomes analyses. The authors of this review seek to provide an overview of the recent literature related to the treatment of SNMM with added context from our institutional experience with this disease. In the surgical management of sinonasal malignancies and SNMM specifically, resection via endoscopic endonasal technique appears to offer comparable oncologic outcomes versus an open approach. The role of adjuvant therapy continues to be debated, but there is strong evidence for improved rates of local control with radiotherapy after complete resection. In the last few years, significant developments have been made in the study of systemic therapies for cutaneous melanoma. The identification of genetic mutations common to mucosal melanoma has allowed for early trials of targeted therapies, but study is ongoing. Although the study of SNMM is largely limited to small retrospective case series, treatment continues to evolve. Until effective systemic therapies can be identified, endoscopic resection with adjuvant radiotherapy may offer the best disease-free survival with acceptably low morbidity.

The challenge of doing what is right in renal transplantation: balancing equity and utility.

PubMed

Courtney, Aisling E; Maxwell, Alexander P

2009-01-01

Arguably the greatest challenge faced by the transplant community is the disparity between the number of persons waiting for a solid organ transplant and the finite supply of donor organs. For renal transplantation the gap between supply and demand has risen annually reflecting the increasing prevalence of end-stage renal disease versus the relatively static deceased donor organ pool. Maximising the benefit from this scarce resource raises difficult ethical issues. For most patients on dialysis therapy a successful transplant offers improved quality and quantity of life, but the absolute gain in survival provided by a donated organ varies greatly depending on recipient factors such as age and co-morbid illnesses. The philosophies of equity (a fair opportunity for everyone in need to receive a transplant) and utility (optimal profit from each organ) are often competing. National allocation schemes and local policies regarding assessment of potential recipients and acceptance of organs are designed to balance these ethical principles in a standardized and socially acceptable manner. The ongoing debate surrounding these issues and modifications to such policies reflect the evolving clinical picture of renal transplantation and the challenge in maintaining equipoise between renal transplant utility and equity. Copyright 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel.

The validity of the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4 Narcissistic Personality Disorder scale for assessing pathological grandiosity.

PubMed

Hopwood, Christopher J; Donnellan, M Brent; Ackerman, Robert A; Thomas, Katherine M; Morey, Leslie C; Skodol, Andrew E

2013-01-01

Although controversy surrounds the definition and measurement of narcissism, the claim that pathological grandiosity is central to the construct generates little disagreement. Yet representations of pathological grandiosity vary across measures of narcissism, leading to conceptual confusion in the literature. The validity of a DSM-based measure of pathological narcissism, the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4 Narcissistic Personality Disorder scale (PDQ-4 NPD), was evaluated in 1 clinical and 3 nonclinical samples (total N=2,391) for its ability to measure pathological grandiosity. Findings were generally supportive: average scores were higher in the clinical than nonclinical samples and the PDQ-4 NPD scale correlated most strongly with (a) other measures of NPD; (b) other DSM Cluster B personality disorders; (c) traits involving antagonism, hostility, and assertiveness; and (d) interpersonal distress and disaffiliative dominance. However, the low internal consistency of the PDQ-4 NPD scale and unexpected associations with Cluster A and obsessive-compulsive features point to potential psychometric weaknesses with this instrument. These findings are useful for evaluating the PDQ-4 NPD scale and for informing ongoing debates regarding how to define and assess pathological narcissism.

Seeing in context. Comment on "Seeing mental states: An experimental strategy for measuring the observability of other minds" by Cristina Becchio et al.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gallagher, Shaun

2018-03-01

Becchio et al. [1] address questions about direct social perception in the context of interacting with others. In regard to social cognition the claim that we can see mental states is the subject of ongoing debate. Becchio et al. [2,3] have produced some of the best empirical evidence in support of this claim. In explicating and clarifying their methodology Becchio's group is clearly advancing the field and sketching a way to settle the debate.

Defining Probability in Sex Offender Risk Assessment.

PubMed

Elwood, Richard W

2016-12-01

There is ongoing debate and confusion over using actuarial scales to predict individuals' risk of sexual recidivism. Much of the debate comes from not distinguishing Frequentist from Bayesian definitions of probability. Much of the confusion comes from applying Frequentist probability to individuals' risk. By definition, only Bayesian probability can be applied to the single case. The Bayesian concept of probability resolves most of the confusion and much of the debate in sex offender risk assessment. Although Bayesian probability is well accepted in risk assessment generally, it has not been widely used to assess the risk of sex offenders. I review the two concepts of probability and show how the Bayesian view alone provides a coherent scheme to conceptualize individuals' risk of sexual recidivism.

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Reauthorization : an overview of legislative action in the 111th Congress

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-10-08

This report tracks the status of ongoing legislative action and debate related to FAA : reauthorization. It is organized into six major program areas: aviation system finance; airport : financing; FAA management and organizational issues; system capa...

USSOCOM Research Topics 2010

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

the ongoing irregular form of war. Irregular war engen - ders much debate, and its concepts are strongly linked to the interagency process. The third...effectively accomplish its mission in a high end asym- metric threat environment and at what cost? Chemical , biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN

Stem Cells: Taking a Closer Look at the Advancements and Hurdles of Stem Cell Research in Australia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sanderson, Aimee

2008-01-01

The technology surrounding stem cells generates great excitement amongst scientists, media and the community. For science teachers, this means not only embracing and keeping track of the rapid growth and ongoing development in this field but also tackling the ethical and legislative issues surrounding the topic. So what are stem cells, what is all…

Curricular Controversy in the Math Wars: A Battle Without Winners.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reys, Robert E.

2001-01-01

Discusses the state of the mathematics textbook market and the debate surrounding the efforts to improve mathematics instruction, including the standards-based mathematics curriculum supported by the National Science Foundation. (Contains 12 references.) (PKP)

Debating restrictions on embryonic stem cell research.

PubMed

McClain, Colleen

2009-09-01

This study investigates the emotional and behavioral effects of interpersonal online communication, focusing on the controversy surrounding the loosening of restrictions on human embryonic stem cell research. The issue, central to national and statewide elections in 2008, generated heated debate among candidates and voters and evoked strong emotional sentiments among partisans. Using the theory of affective intelligence, this study proposes a predictive model connecting levels of enthusiasm and anxiety with behavioral and information-seeking outcomes. Cognitive appraisal theory is also employed to provide a role for political emotion in accounting for interactive media effects. To investigate the ways that online deliberation may influence discussions surrounding stem cell research, a between-subjects experimental study was conducted that systematically varied the tone of feedback received (reinforcing or challenging) and type of interaction (synchronous or asynchronous) experienced by users. Results indicate that emotional responses play a significant role in predicting behavioral intentions arising from the user-to-user interactive experience.

It's Not Business, It's Personal: Implicit Religion in the Corporate Personhood Debate

PubMed Central

McClendon, David

2016-01-01

Debate surrounding the United States Supreme Court's 2010 decision in Citizens United v. FEC is ostensibly about the legal rights of corporations. However, I argue that the debate about corporate personhood is infused with religious concerns, rooted in the Protestant Reformation, about the proper identification of agentive subjects and the consequences of misidentification for human personhood. Focusing on the language used by opponents and defenders in the popular media, I show how both sides are animated by Protestant notions of human agency and share similar anxieties about the threats to that agency posed by abstract corporate or governmental entities. Attending to this fundamentally religious dimension not only improves our understanding of the moral stakes in the debate over corporations’ legal rights but it also illuminates the implicit religious underpinnings of American political discourse. PMID:27493585

First results from a full-waveform inversion of the African continent using Salvus

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van Herwaarden, D. P.; Afanasiev, M.; Krischer, L.; Trampert, J.; Fichtner, A.

2017-12-01

We present the initial results from an elastic full-waveform inversion (FWI) of the African continent which is melded together within the framework of the Collaborative Seismic Earth Model (CSEM) project. The continent of Africa is one of the most geophysically interesting regions on the planet. More specifically, Africa contains the Afar Depression, which is the only place on Earth where incipient seafloor spreading is sub-aerially exposed, along with other anomalous features such as the topography in the south, and several smaller surface expressions such as the Cameroon Volcanic Line and Congo Basin. Despite its significance, relatively few tomographic images exist of Africa, and, as a result, the debate on the geophysical origins of Africa's anomalies is rich and ongoing. Tomographic images of Africa present unique challenges due to uneven station coverage: while tectonically active areas such as the Afar rift are well sampled, much of the continent exhibits a severe lack of seismic stations. And, while Africa is mostly surrounded by tectonically active spreading plate boundaries, the interior of the continent is seismically quiet. To mitigate such issues, our simulation domain is extended to include earthquakes occurring in the South Atlantic and along the western edge of South America. Waveform modelling and inversion is performed using Salvus, a flexible and high-performance software suite based on the spectral-element method. Recently acquired recordings from the AfricaArray and NARS seismic networks are used to complement data obtained from global networks. We hope that this new model presents a fresh high-resolution image of African geodynamic structure, and helps advance the debate regarding the causative mechanisms of its surface anomalies.

Multicultural Education: Teachers' Perceptions and Preparation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alismail, Halah Ahmed

2016-01-01

This paper focuses on theory and practice in multicultural education as it pertains to the preparation of preservice teachers. The literature reviews the history and definition of multiculturalism and investigates multiple theoretical frameworks around the ongoing debate and issues of multicultural education. Teachers' perceptions of multicultural…

The Greenhouse Effect: Science and Policy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schneider, Stephen H.

1989-01-01

Discusses many of the scientific questions surrounding the greenhouse effect debate and the issue of plausible responses. Discussion includes topics concerning projecting emissions and greenhouse gas concentrations, estimating global climatic response, economic, social, and political impacts, and policy responses. (RT)

The laboratory curse: variation in temperature stimulates embryonic development and shortens diapause

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

An ongoing biological debate is the difference in trait expression in continuous versus cycling temperature regimes, but are even daily cycling temperatures sufficient to generate natural expression of traits? We compared embryonic development and the duration of diapause for Mormon cricket eggs in...

Middle Grades Research: Not Yet Mature, but No Longer a Child.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mac Iver, Douglas J.; Epstein, Joyce L.

1993-01-01

Summarizes research on middle level schools and students that contributes to ongoing debates concerning grade span, school size, grouping of students, departmentalization, curriculum, instruction, advisory groups, interdisciplinary teaming, school-transition activities, extra-help programs, and student evaluation practices in the middle grades.…

Innovative Research Strategies for Business Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Connor, Bridget N.

2007-01-01

An internal, ongoing debate that all professional areas of study have is how to understand the impact of shifting economies, demographics, technologies, and globalization. Much business education research focuses on describing current practices. To this end, issues are often addressed by using surveys that are analyzed using descriptive analysis…

Living-History Villages as Popular Entertainers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Geist, Christopher D.

1994-01-01

Discusses the furor created when Walt Disney Studios announced plans to develop a "historic amusement park" near the Manassas (Virginia) National Battlefield Park. Maintains that the public debate over the popular understanding of history reflects an ongoing tension between academic historians and the purveyors of popular history. (CFR)

Comprehension of Idioms in Turkish Aphasic Participants

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aydin, Burcu; Barin, Muzaffer; Yagiz, Oktay

2017-01-01

Brain damaged participants offer an opportunity to evaluate the cognitive and linguistic processes and make assumptions about how the brain works. Cognitive linguists have been investigating the underlying mechanisms of idiom comprehension to unravel the ongoing debate on hemispheric specialization in figurative language comprehension. The aim of…

The First Attempts to Unionize the Faculty

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cain, Timothy Reese

2010-01-01

Background/Context: Faculty unionization is an important topic in modern higher education, but the history of the phenomenon has not yet been fully considered. This article brings together issues of professionalization and unionization and provides needed historical background to ongoing unionization efforts and debates. Purpose/Objective/Research…

Gain-of-function experiments: time for a real debate.

PubMed

Duprex, W Paul; Fouchier, Ron A M; Imperiale, Michael J; Lipsitch, Marc; Relman, David A

2015-01-01

According to the WHO, dual use research of concern (DURC) is "life sciences research that is intended for benefit, but which might easily be misapplied to do harm". Recent studies, particularly those on influenza viruses, have led to renewed attention on DURC, as there is an ongoing debate over whether the benefits of gain-of-function (GOF) experiments that result in an increase in the transmission and/or pathogenicity of potential pandemic pathogens (PPPs) are outweighed by concerns over biosecurity and biosafety. In this Viewpoint article, proponents and opponents of GOF experiments discuss the benefits and risks associated with these studies, as well as the implications of the current debate for the scientific community and the general public, and suggest how the current discussion should move forward.

Science communication as political communication

PubMed Central

Scheufele, Dietram A.

2014-01-01

Scientific debates in modern societies often blur the lines between the science that is being debated and the political, moral, and legal implications that come with its societal applications. This manuscript traces the origins of this phenomenon to professional norms within the scientific discipline and to the nature and complexities of modern science and offers an expanded model of science communication that takes into account the political contexts in which science communication takes place. In a second step, it explores what we know from empirical work in political communication, public opinion research, and communication research about the dynamics that determine how issues are debated and attitudes are formed in political environments. Finally, it discusses how and why it will be increasingly important for science communicators to draw from these different literatures to ensure that the voice of the scientific community is heard in the broader societal debates surrounding science. PMID:25225389

Science communication as political communication.

PubMed

Scheufele, Dietram A

2014-09-16

Scientific debates in modern societies often blur the lines between the science that is being debated and the political, moral, and legal implications that come with its societal applications. This manuscript traces the origins of this phenomenon to professional norms within the scientific discipline and to the nature and complexities of modern science and offers an expanded model of science communication that takes into account the political contexts in which science communication takes place. In a second step, it explores what we know from empirical work in political communication, public opinion research, and communication research about the dynamics that determine how issues are debated and attitudes are formed in political environments. Finally, it discusses how and why it will be increasingly important for science communicators to draw from these different literatures to ensure that the voice of the scientific community is heard in the broader societal debates surrounding science.

A Pedagogy of Inquiry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pagowsky, Nicole

2015-01-01

Library instruction continues to evolve. Regardless of the myriad and conflicting opinions academic librarians have about the ACRL "Framework for Information Literacy," the debates and the document itself have engendered greater discourse surrounding how and why librarians teach. The "Framework" provides an additional push…

Drinking Water Arsenic Rule History

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The EPA published the final arsenic rule on January 22, 2001. In response to the national debate surrounding the arsenic rule related to science and costs, the EPA announced on March 20, 2001 that the agency would reassess the science and cost issues.

Giving information on medicinal products to the general public--in search of a definition to safeguard the patient.

PubMed

Faeh, Andrea

2014-04-01

Information on medicinal products is vital for enabling patients to give informed consent to the use of a specific product. Within the European Union (EU) the debate about how much information about prescription-only medicinal products should be made available to patients has gone on for the past five years with no definite conclusion yet. This contribution assesses the current legislation and the ongoing debate in order to identify the challenges and the prospect of new legislation, and consider its potential implications for the scope for advertising and for patient safety.

Malicious MXit? South African adolescents' use of mobile-based communication applications.

PubMed

Swanepoel, Tarah L; Thomas, Kevin Gf

2012-10-01

Across the globe, and particularly in the high-income countries of the developed world, adolescents are resorting in increasing numbers to the virtual world for peer interaction and socialisation (Subrahmanyam, Smahel and Greenfield 2006). This new and popular way of relating through virtual mediums such as the Internet has sparked public concern, and has been a focus of academic debate. Ongoing debate in psychology literature discusses the notion of compulsive usage of online communication platforms (commonly termed Internet addiction), particularly among adolescents (Kim et al. 2006, Fu et al. 2010, Israelashvili, Kim and Bukobza 2012).

Minutes of the Explosives Safety Seminar (21st) Held at Houston, Texas on 28-30 August 1984. Volume 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-08-01

34 debate? Probably neither. What I hoped it helped to do was to put the debate in proper perspective. Stressing the importance of definitions -- readiness...confusion surrounding our collective assault on the capability curve. I would like to conclude by stressing two points: • First, there is much more to the...hlooks (DARCOMR 365-100, Chapter 9-6). Cranes . The control board and all exposed wiring and switches should be guarded -.L (DARCOMR 385-100, para 9-5b

Impassioned Teaching

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Caughie, Pamela L.

2007-01-01

The ongoing debate over academic freedom in venues such as "Academe," the "Chronicle of Higher Education," and the "New York Times" frames the issue in terms of a clash between values and politics on the one hand, and scholarship on the other. The idea that pedagogical responsibility requires toeing a line misrepresents the delicate dynamics of…

Immigration and Teacher Education: The Crisis and the Opportunity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jenlink, Patrick M.

2012-01-01

This article draws into specific relief current perspectives of teacher education and the ongoing debates over how best to prepare teachers for the integration of immigrant children into society--in particular, into schools and classrooms. Equally important is preparing teachers for working with undocumented populations that enter society and are…

Dissociating Contingency Awareness and Conditioned Attitudes: Evidence of Contingency-Unaware Evaluative Conditioning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hutter, Mandy; Sweldens, Steven; Stahl, Christoph; Unkelbach, Christian; Klauer, Karl Christoph

2012-01-01

Whether human evaluative conditioning can occur without contingency awareness has been the subject of an intense and ongoing debate for decades, troubled by a wide array of methodological difficulties. Following recent methodological innovations, the available evidence currently points to the conclusion that evaluative conditioning effects do not…

Community College Presidents' Attitudes toward Remedial Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mazzarelli, Carla L.

2010-01-01

Community colleges are the primary providers of remedial/developmental education. The cost, an ongoing values debate and varied institutional ideologies have led to a standard array of programs and services whose administration and efficacy vary from institution to institution. While leadership can be exercised at all levels of an institution, the…

"Shakespeare Reloaded": Teacher Professional Development within a Collaborative Learning Community

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brady, Linzy

2009-01-01

This paper describes an instance of continuing professional development and explores the contribution it might make to the ongoing international dialogue of professional development. It reviews the way features of the current debate on effective teaching, teacher learning and continuing professional development overlap and feed into each other and…

Long-Term Heavy Cannabis Use: Implications for Health Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coggans, Niall; Dalgarno, Phil; Johnson, Lindsay; Shewan, David

2004-01-01

There is growing evidence that cannabis can have negative effects on health. While the ongoing debate about the nature and duration of these effects recognizes mild cognitive impairment, the evidence for irreversibility of cognitive impairment and causal links with psychiatric illness is not conclusive. There is undoubtedly potential for…

Critical Information Literacy in Practice: An Interpretive Synthesis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McDonough, Beth Allsopp

2014-01-01

More than two decades of debate since the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL) adopted the term information literacy have been marked by ongoing criticism of its associated definitions and standards. Some scholars and practitioners have argued for a critical information literacy, which applies the precepts of critical pedagogy to…

COMPARISON OF TWO PARTICLE-SIZE SPECTROMETERS FOR AMBIENT AEROSOL MEASUREMENTS. (R827354C002)

EPA Science Inventory

There is an ongoing debate on the question which size fraction of particles in ambient air may be responsible for human health effects observed in epidemiological studies. Since there is no single instrument available for the measurement of the particle-size distribution over ...

On Sentimental Education among American College Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sabin, Portia Culver

2007-01-01

Background/Context: This study attempts to join the debate around the definition of "education" by looking at it as an ongoing, everyday social practice. It follows decades of work done on "love" in America and opens an inquiry into "friendship" as a product of situated practical action. It also challenges social…

Without Boundaries: An Inquiry into Deaf Epistemologies through a Metaparadigm

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wang, Ye

2010-01-01

The ongoing debate on Deaf epistemologies reflects two major paradigms in deaf education: positivism and constructivism. The present article investigates Deaf epistemologies through a metaparadigm, which should blur the boundaries among different paradigms and connect the epistemological inquiry to instructional practice for d/Deaf students. The…

Current Directions in ADHD and Its Treatment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Norvilitis, Jill M., Ed.

2012-01-01

The treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a matter of ongoing research and debate, with considerable data supporting both psychopharmacological and behavioral approaches. Researchers continue to search for new interventions to be used in conjunction with or in place of the more traditional approaches. These interventions run the…

How Culture Misdirects Multiculturalism.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wax, Murray L.

In the ongoing debate over whether or what sort of multiculturalism should be provided by schools, the origin, evolution, and rhetorical function of the basic term "culture" have been unwisely neglected. The 19th century notion of "culture" implied a process of growth and development, of culturing an organism, or of the human organism becoming…

Everyday Assessment in the Science Classroom.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Atkin, J. Myron, Ed.; Coffey, Janet E., Ed.

The assessment that occurs each day in the science classroom is often overlooked amidst calls for accountability in education and renewed debates about external testing. Research points to the positive influence that improved, ongoing classroom assessment can have on learning. Documents that offer visions for science education such as the National…

Common Ground: A Way of Life, Not a Checkoff Item.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ledell, Marjorie A.

1996-01-01

The common ground process is an ongoing effort for inviting, scrutinizing, debating, and selecting ideas or making decisions about improving schools. Superintendents should assign a full-time communications person to executive staff, create a communications team, conduct a full-scale communications audit, listen better, urge the silent majority to…

The Possibility of Public Education in an Instrumentalist Age

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Higgins, Chris

2011-01-01

In our increasingly instrumentalist culture, debates over the privatization of schooling may be beside the point. Whether we hatch some new plan for chartering or funding schools, or retain the traditional model of government-run schools, the ongoing instrumentalization of education threatens the very possibility of public education. Indeed, in…

Depicting the Suffering of Others

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kostouros, Patricia

2016-01-01

This article offers a discussion about the depiction of traumatic materials to postsecondary human service students. Presently there is an on-going debate about trigger warnings and whether trigger warnings are necessary prior to engaging in materials that depict the suffering of others. Perhaps after depicting graphic images some teachers have…

Enhancing Teacher Training Skills by Strengthening the Teaching Practice Component

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Phillips, Heather Nadia; Chetty, Rajendra

2018-01-01

Purpose: The ongoing theory vs practice debate reinforces the problems facing teacher training institutions which need to challenge traditional programmes and work towards a tighter coherence between coursework and practical experience. Working more closely with schools to restructure teaching practice is necessary in order to create better…

Update on project determining biologically active compounds in milk

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The added health value of raw and pasteurized milk from organic and grass-fed herds is strongly debated because of limited, and often conflicting, scientific data. The Dairy & Functional Foods Research Unit, USDA-ARS-NAA, Wyndmoor, PA has an ongoing project to identify and compare the levels of bio...

Rising Dragon: Infrastructure Development and Chinese Influence in Vietnam

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-06-01

This thesis will contribute to the on-going debate over whether China’s rise as a regional and potential global power will be benign or disruptive...bilateral and regional initiatives. These infrastructure developments create the mechanisms for future exploitation by expanding China’s economic and military

REMEDIAL DREDGING AND EFFECTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION: EXAMPLES FROM THE NEW BEDFORD HARBOR, MA SUPERFUND SITE

EPA Science Inventory

Currently, there is an on-going national debate questioning whether remedial dredging can be conducted without causing environmental harm. Two common assertions are that: 1) dredging contaminated sediment will do more harm than good, and 2) natural processes will eventually mitig...

Aid, Development, and Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Klees, Steven J.

2010-01-01

The world faces pervasive poverty and inequality. Hundreds of billions of dollars in international aid have been given or loaned to developing countries though bilateral and multilateral mechanisms, at least, ostensibly, in order to do something about these problems. Has such aid helped? Debates around this question have been ongoing for decades,…

Critical Branching Neural Networks

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kello, Christopher T.

2013-01-01

It is now well-established that intrinsic variations in human neural and behavioral activity tend to exhibit scaling laws in their fluctuations and distributions. The meaning of these scaling laws is an ongoing matter of debate between isolable causes versus pervasive causes. A spiking neural network model is presented that self-tunes to critical…

LNT IS THE BEST WE CAN DO - TO-DAY

EPA Science Inventory

Abstract

The form of the dose-response curve for radiation-induced cancers, particularly at low doses, is the subject of an ongoing and spirited debate. The present review describes the current data base and basis for establishing a low dose, linear no threshold (LNT) mode...

The Travels of "Democracy and Education": A Cross-Cultural Reception History

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Striano, Maura

2016-01-01

After its publication in 1916, "Democracy and Education" opened up a global debate about educational thought that is still ongoing. Various translations of Dewey's work, appearing at different times, have aided in introducing his ideas within different conversations and across different cultures. The introduction of Dewey's masterwork…

Binding of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Features in Working Memory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ecker, Ullrich K. H.; Maybery, Murray; Zimmer, Hubert D.

2013-01-01

There is ongoing debate concerning the mechanisms of feature binding in working memory. In particular, there is controversy regarding the extent to which these binding processes are automatic. The present article demonstrates that binding mechanisms differ depending on whether the to-be-integrated features are perceived as forming a coherent…

Transformational Leadership Using TED Talks

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rubenstein, Lisa DaVia

2013-01-01

There is an ongoing debate about the efficacy of professional development with the field of gifted education. While some studies have found a positive relationship between professional development and teachers' knowledge and attitudes toward gifted students, others found that such training had no effect on teachers' attitudes toward the gifted or…

Market Demand for Sustainability in Management Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gitsham, Matthew; Clark, Timothy S.

2014-01-01

Purpose: This paper aims to contribute to the ongoing debate about the relevance of sustainability in management education through exploration of the needs and expectations of a key group of business schools' stakeholders--senior executives of leading corporations. Design/methodology/approach: The paper presents findings from a survey regarding…

Doubts about Religious Education in Public Schooling

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moulin, Daniel

2015-01-01

This article considers potential problems concerning Religious Education in public (state-funded) secondary schools in England in order to inform ongoing debates about religion in public education in the United States and elsewhere. Findings of empirical studies conducted in England are discussed in relation to arguments that critique Religious…

Successful Development of Generic Capabilities in an Undergraduate Medical Education Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McNeil, H. Patrick; Scicluna, Helen A.; Boyle, Patrick; Grimm, Michael C.; Gibson, Kathryn A.; Jones, Philip D.

2012-01-01

The development of generic capabilities or graduate attributes in communication, teamwork, critical analysis of information, problem solving and ethical practice is widely recognised as a desired outcome of higher education. This emphasis on generic capabilities has emerged despite ongoing debates about the concept and development of such…

Rape and Sexual Assault

MedlinePlus

... on National Statistics (CNSTAT) to examine conceptual and methodological issues surrounding survey statistics on rape and sexual assault and to recommend to BJS the best methods for obtaining such statistics on an ongoing basis. ...

The Endangered Species Act and a Deeper Look at Extinction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Borowski, John F.

1992-01-01

Discusses the importance of saving species and dispels myths surrounding the endangered species act as background to three student activities that include a round table debate, writing to congresspeople, and a research project suggestion. Lists reference materials for endangered species. (MCO)

Teaching the Mantle Plumes Debate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Foulger, G. R.

2010-12-01

There is an ongoing debate regarding whether or not mantle plumes exist. This debate has highlighted a number of issues regarding how Earth science is currently practised, and how this feeds into approaches toward teaching students. The plume model is an hypothesis, not a proven fact. And yet many researchers assume a priori that plumes exist. This assumption feeds into teaching. That the plume model is unproven, and that many practising researchers are skeptical, may be at best only mentioned in passing to students, with most teachers assuming that plumes are proven to exist. There is typically little emphasis, in particular in undergraduate teaching, that the origin of melting anomalies is currently uncertain and that scientists do not know all the answers. Little encouragement is given to students to become involved in the debate and to consider the pros and cons for themselves. Typically teachers take the approach that “an answer” (or even “the answer”) must be taught to students. Such a pedagogic approach misses an excellent opportunity to allow students to participate in an important ongoing debate in Earth sciences. It also misses the opportunity to illustrate to students several critical aspects regarding correct application of the scientific method. The scientific method involves attempting to disprove hypotheses, not to prove them. A priori assumptions should be kept uppermost in mind and reconsidered at all stages. Multiple working hypotheses should be entertained. The predictions of a hypothesis should be tested, and unpredicted observations taken as weakening the original hypothesis. Hypotheses should not be endlessly adapted to fit unexpected observations. The difficulty with pedagogic treatment of the mantle plumes debate highlights a general uncertainty about how to teach issues in Earth science that are not yet resolved with certainty. It also represents a missed opportunity to let students experience how scientific theories evolve, warts and all. Working with students to enable them to participate in the evolution of the subject and to share in the excitement of major developments is surely the best way to attract them to science.

Is April to July runoff really decreasing in the Western United States?

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wahl, Kenneth L.

1991-01-01

Global warming has been the topic of a great deal of heated discussion and debate in recent years, both in the lay press and in scientific journals. The debate is about whether we are beginning to detect signs of a buildup of greenhouse gases on a global scale. A major part of the debate concerns the possible effects on climate and on the future availability of water resources. The ongoing drought in California has added impetus to the debate, serving notice of the serious consequences of any prolonged decrease in the availability of adequate water supplies. This paper has three primary objectives: (1) To evaluate the ramifications of using fractional runoff rather than total runoff to define trends in runoff; (2) to analyze additional streamflow data for the presence and extent of trends in annual and seasonal runoff volume for the conterminous Western United States; and (3) to examine the influence of the current California drought on indicators of trend.

[External and internal financing in health care].

PubMed

Henke, Klaus-Dirk

2007-05-15

The objective of this contribution is to characterize the functional and institutional features of the German health-care system. This takes place after a short introduction and examination of the ongoing debate on health care in Germany. External funding describes the form of revenue generation. Regarding external funding of the German health care system, one of the favored alternatives in the current debate is the possibility of introducing per capita payments. After a short introduction to the capitation option, focus is on the so-called health fund that is currently debated on and being made ready for implementation in Germany, actually a mixed system of capitation and contributions based on income. On the other hand, internal funding is the method of how different health-care services are purchased or reimbursed. This becomes a rather hot topic in light of new trends for integrated and networked care to patients and different types of budgeting. Another dominating question in the German health-care system is the liberalization of the contractual law, with its "joint and uniform" regulations that have to be loosened for competition gains. After a discussion of the consequences of diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) in Germany, the article is concluded by a note on the political rationality of the current health-care reform for increased competition within the Statutory Health Insurance and its players as exemplified by the health fund. To sum up, it has to be said that the complexity and specific features of how the German system is financed seem to require ongoing reform considerations even after realization of the currently debated health-care reform law which, unfortunately, is dominated by political rationalities rather than objective thoughts.

The Emergence and Development of Bioethics in the Uk

PubMed Central

Chadwick, Ruth; Wilson, Duncan

2018-01-01

ABSTRACT Bioethics emerged in a specific social and historical context. Its relationship to older traditions in medical ethics and to environmental ethics is an ongoing matter of debate. This article analyses the social, institutional, and economic factors that led to the development of bioethics in the UK in the 1980s, and the course it has taken since. We show how phenomena such as globalisation, the focus on ‘ethical legal and social issues’ and the empirical turn have affected the methods employed, and argue that ongoing controversies about the nature and possibility of ethical expertise will affect its future. PMID:29635295

The Emergence and Development of Bioethics in the Uk.

PubMed

Chadwick, Ruth; Wilson, Duncan

2018-05-01

Bioethics emerged in a specific social and historical context. Its relationship to older traditions in medical ethics and to environmental ethics is an ongoing matter of debate. This article analyses the social, institutional, and economic factors that led to the development of bioethics in the UK in the 1980s, and the course it has taken since. We show how phenomena such as globalisation, the focus on 'ethical legal and social issues' and the empirical turn have affected the methods employed, and argue that ongoing controversies about the nature and possibility of ethical expertise will affect its future.

Compelling Diversities, Educational Intersections: Policy, Practice, Parity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, Yvette

2013-01-01

The ninth international Gender and Education Association Conference "Compelling Diversities, Educational Intersections" hosted by the Weeks Centre for Social and Policy Research, London South Bank University engages with key debates surrounding the interplay between dynamics of education, work, employment and society in the context of…

History of Higher Education Annual, 1989.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

History of Higher Education Annual, 1989

1989-01-01

This annual compilation contains four articles addressing issues of growth and diversity in American higher education. Three articles examine student life in evolving institutions, especially the relationship between official missions and student cultures, followed by two essay reviews, one that examines the current debate surrounding the history…

Spontaneous Number Representation in Mosquitofish

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dadda, Marco; Piffer, Laura; Agrillo, Christian; Bisazza, Angelo

2009-01-01

While there is convincing evidence that preverbal human infants and non-human primates can spontaneously represent number, considerable debate surrounds the possibility that such capacity is also present in other animals. Fish show a remarkable ability to discriminate between different numbers of social companions. Previous work has demonstrated…

Translanguaging in Bilingual Schools in Wales

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Bryn

2017-01-01

This article examines the use of translanguaging as a pedagogical tool to support learning within bilingual classrooms in schools in Wales. Translanguaging is considered within non-pedagogic and pedagogic school contexts; hence, a distinction is made between universal and classroom translanguaging. Translanguaging has evoked debate surrounding the…

Stem Cells and Society: An Undergraduate Course Exploring the Intersections among Science, Religion, and Law

PubMed Central

Friedrichsen, Patricia

2009-01-01

The intersection of science and our society has led to legal and ethical issues in which we all play a part. To support development of scientific literacy, college science courses need to engage students in difficult dialogues around ethical issues. We describe a new course, Stem Cells and Society, in which students explore the basic biology of stem cell research and the controversy surrounding it. As part of the course, we highlight the nature of science, looking at the methods and norms within the scientific community. To gain a perspective on the current stem cell controversy, we examine the public debates in the 1970s surrounding in vitro fertilization, the stem cell initiative in Missouri, and the personal and religious viewpoints that have emerged relative to the stem cell debate. In the Stem Cells and Society course, students are challenged to develop and clarify their own personal positions concerning embryonic stem cell research. These positions are grounded in science, religion or personal philosophy, and law. PMID:19255139

[Debating disease: the risk factor concept in political economic and scientific consideration, 1968 to 1986].

PubMed

Madarász, Jeannette

2009-01-01

The risk factor concept was developed in American epidemiological studies ongoing since the 1940s researching the causes of chronic cardiovascular diseases. By looking at the depiction of this model in a variety of media in Germany between 1968 and 1986 we can put its close interaction with contemporary socio-political debates under scrutiny. Thereby, a strong connection between the various agents' political and economic interests on the one hand and the incorporation of the risk factor concept into their specific agendas will become apparent. The risk factor concept was not fundamentally changed in the process but it was adapted to contemporary conditions and political constellations. Thereby, so it will be argued, the medical uses of the model, especially regarding the prevention of chronic cardiovascular disease, were forced into the background of public debates.

Clarireedia: A new fungal genus comprising four pathogenic species responsible for dollar spot disease of turfgrass

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Dollar spot is one of the most destructive and economically important fungal diseases of amenity turfgrasses. The causal agent was first described in 1937 as the ascomycete Sclerotinia homoeocarpa. However, the genus-level taxonomic placement of this fungus has been the subject of an ongoing debate ...

The significance of carbon-enriched dust for global carbon accounting

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Soil carbon stores amount to 54% of the terrestrial carbon pool and twice the atmospheric carbon pool, but soil organic carbon (SOC) can be transient. There is an ongoing debate about whether soils are a net source or sink of carbon, and understanding the role of aeolian processes in SOC erosion, tr...

Functional Literacy, Functional Illiteracy: The Focus of an Ongoing Social Debate

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Valdivielso, Sofia

2006-01-01

When, in the 1970s, industrialised countries, confident of their citizens' universal literacy, discovered that significant proportion of their adult population had difficulties in dealing with the rapid changes they were going through, a new term to explain this phenomenon was coined: functional literacy, or its negative, functional illiteracy.…

The Reliability of Results from National Tests, Public Examinations, and Vocational Qualifications in England

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

He, Qingping; Opposs, Dennis

2012-01-01

National tests, public examinations, and vocational qualifications in England are used for a variety of purposes, including the certification of individual learners in different subject areas and the accountability of individual professionals and institutions. However, there has been ongoing debate about the reliability and validity of their…

Examining the Relationship between Congruency of Perceived Principal Leadership Style and Leadership Effectiveness

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Iwuanyanwu-Biemkpa, Catherine Chinedum

2017-01-01

Despite the constant interest in the theory and practice of leadership as it relates to leadership styles and leadership effectiveness, ongoing debate continues regarding the importance of leadership style and its effectiveness in the administration of underperforming schools. The problem addressed by this study was, despite frequent changes of…

Task Effects in the Interpretation of Pronouns

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sanoudaki, Eirini; Varlokosta, Spyridoula

2015-01-01

Children acquiring a range of languages have difficulties in the interpretation of personal pronouns. Ongoing debates in the relevant literature concern the extent to which different pronoun types are subject to this phenomenon, as well as the role of methodology in relevant research. In this study, we use two different experimental tasks to…

Conceptualizing and Communicating SoTL: A Framework for the Field

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller-Young, Janice; Yeo, Michelle

2015-01-01

The emerging field of SoTL is an inherently interdisciplinary endeavor which requires embracing a diverse range of research methods and disciplinary differences in world views. This diversity has caused a lack of coherence in its conceptualization and communication, which can be confusing for new scholars. Ongoing debates in the community concern…

Internal Capabilities, External Network Position, and Knowledge Creation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liao, Yin-Chi

2010-01-01

Despite the general consensus on the importance of interfirm networks, there is an ongoing debate centering on which type of network structure is most beneficial to firm performance. While spanning structural holes--a network position with disconnected partners--is argued to be advantageous in terms of providing access to diverse knowledge,…

Perceptions of Online TESOL Teacher Education: Strengths, Weaknesses, Characteristics, and Effective Components

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chen, Susan Tiffany

2012-01-01

Recent and ongoing expansion of online opportunities for teacher education and training continue in response to calls for better teacher preparation and professional development opportunities. However, with the introduction of online learning, the already controversial debate over educational technology has taken on a new dimension. Today's…

The AFS Volunteer Resources Study: Summary of Findings from Germany Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zeutschel, Uli; Hansel, Bettina

An ongoing debate exists on the issue of volunteering and its political implications in West Germany. Critics of the social welfare system have a direct impact on volunteerism. The ruling coalition aims to limit public spending in the social services sector while the "grassroots" movement emphasizes the danger of state-provided services…

Finishing High School: Alternative Pathways and Dropout Recovery

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tyler, John H.; Lofstrom, Magnus

2009-01-01

John Tyler and Magnus Lofstrom take a close look at the problems posed when students do not complete high school. The authors begin by discussing the ongoing, sometimes heated, debate over how prevalent the dropout problem is. They note that one important reason for discrepancies in reported dropout rates is whether holders of the General…

Are Subject Small Clauses Really Small Clauses?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kubo, Miori

1993-01-01

This paper discusses the ongoing debate over small clauses concerning the structure of the verb phrase in "I consider Bill smart." It is demonstrated that the subject constituent in question is not a small clause, but a Noun Phrase (NP), following Noun (N). It is shown that some peculiar phenomena under the small clause analysis are…

Counselor Substance Abuse History, Client Fellowship, and Alcoholism Treatment Outcome. Brief Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Machell, David F.

There is an ongoing debate as to whether alcoholism counselors who are non-alcoholics can be as effective with alcoholic clients as counselors who are themselves recovering from alcoholism. This study compared the impact of the recovering alcoholic counselor and the non-alcoholic counselor on alcoholic clients' perceived belongingness with…

Norms and Goals of Appraisal of German Teachers for Students with Learning Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilbert, Jurgen; Grunke, Matthias

2010-01-01

Although there is an ongoing debate about which achievement feedback is most useful, the majority of researchers agree that social comparisons and a focus on competition are inappropriate for students with learning disabilities and otherwise academically-challenged students. They are highly at-risk to be unfavorably influenced by inappropriate…

Privatization of Education: An Ongoing Debate.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

IIEP Newsletter, 2001

2001-01-01

This newsletter focuses on matters related to the privatization of education in different contexts around the world. Over the past few years, the International Institute for Educational Planning has carried out a number of studies in a wide range of contexts to identify what the real-life experiments in school organization are, why they have…

Teaching about the Holocaust in Multicultural Societies: Appreciating the Learner

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gryglewski, Elke

2010-01-01

The discussion in Germany regarding teaching about the Holocaust in multicultural classrooms mirrors an ongoing debate about the reality of present-day Germany: instead of dealing with the many learners with non-German backgrounds residing in the country, various educators have instead complained about problems relating to general discipline or a…

Characteristics of Information Systems and Business Informatics Study Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Helfert, Markus

2011-01-01

Over the last decade there is an intensive discussion within the Information Systems (IS) and Informatics community about the characteristics and identity of the discipline. Simultaneously with the discussion, there is an ongoing debate on essential skills and capabilities of IS and Business Informatics graduates as well as the profile of IS…

In Praise of Top-Down Leadership

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dufour, Richard

2007-01-01

In the ongoing debate of the efficacy of top-down versus bottom-up strategies to improve school districts, top-down is clearly losing. Many district leaders are reluctant to champion improvement for fear of being labeled with the epithet "top-down leader," the unkindest cut of all. In this article, the author presents the change…

Politics of Externalization in Reflexive Times: Reinventing Japanese Education Reform Discourses through "Finnish PISA Success"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Takayama, Keita

2010-01-01

Drawing on a critical theoretical paradigm and critically engaging with the externalization thesis that Gita Steiner-Khamsi and Jurgen Schriewer have developed, this article examines the politics of "Finnish education" in the ongoing Japanese education reform debate. More specifically, it examines the various discursive uses of…

Challenges in Social Communication in Asperger Syndrome and High-Functioning Autism

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rubin, Emily; Lennon, Laurie

2004-01-01

Despite the inclusion of Asperger syndrome in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders--Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) American Psychiatric Association [APA], 1994) 10 years ago, there is ongoing debate regarding its validity as a diagnostic construct, particularly relative to the diagnosis of autistic disorder when it is not accompanied…

Fostering Lifelong Learning--Evaluation of a Teacher Education Program for Professional Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Finsterwald, Monika; Wagner, Petra; Schober, Barbara; Luftenegger, Marko; Spiel, Christiane

2013-01-01

Modern economics has placed lifelong learning (LLL) at the center of an intensive ongoing political debate. Evidenced-based interventions are needed, not only in continuing education courses for teachers, but also in schools. This paper introduces evaluation results of TALK, a teacher education program for professional teachers with the objective…

From Reflective Practice to Practical Wisdom: Toward a Post-Foundational Teacher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eryaman, Mustafa Yunus

2007-01-01

The author situates this paper within ongoing debates in related areas such as reflective practice, critical pedagogy, practical wisdom and critical theory. First, the author identifies some of the problems in the present notions of reflective teaching and progressive teacher education. The analyzes and compares the traditional-technical and…

Species diversity and composition in old growth and second growth rich coves of the southern Appalachian Mountains

Treesearch

Clay Jackson; Dan Pitillo; Lee Allen; Thomas R Wnetworth; Bronson P Bullock; David L. Loftis

2009-01-01

Because of ongoing debate over the long term impacts of logging, we conducteda study to assess if second growth (70 6 10 years) rich coves differ from old growth rich coves(. 125 years) in species diversity or composition. We sampled twenty-six 0.1 ha...

Emotional Speech Acts and the Educational Perlocutions of Speech

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gasparatou, Renia

2016-01-01

Over the past decades, there has been an ongoing debate about whether education should aim at the cultivation of emotional wellbeing of self-esteeming personalities or whether it should prioritise literacy and the cognitive development of students. However, it might be the case that the two are not easily distinguished in educational contexts. In…

The Neural Bases of Difficult Speech Comprehension and Speech Production: Two Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) Meta-Analyses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adank, Patti

2012-01-01

The role of speech production mechanisms in difficult speech comprehension is the subject of on-going debate in speech science. Two Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) analyses were conducted on neuroimaging studies investigating difficult speech comprehension or speech production. Meta-analysis 1 included 10 studies contrasting comprehension…

Anchoring Effects in World University Rankings: Exploring Biases in Reputation Scores

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bowman, Nicholas A.; Bastedo, Michael N.

2011-01-01

Despite ongoing debates about their uses and validity, university rankings are a popular means to compare institutions within a country and around the world. Anchoring theory suggests that these rankings may influence assessments of institutional reputation, and this effect may be particularly strong when a new rankings system is introduced. We…

Student, Teacher, and Administrator Perspectives on Harm: Implications for Implementing Safe and Caring School Initiatives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vaandering, Dorothy D.

2013-01-01

Creating safe, caring school environments continues to generate ongoing conversation in the media, professional journals, and academic research, especially through the persistent attention given to incidents and impact of bullying on youth. In Canada, several provincial governments have instituted or are debating the implementation of antibullying…

Space Matters: Experiences of Managing Static Formal Learning Spaces

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Montgomery, Tim

2008-01-01

Managing the space in which learning takes place is subject to ongoing debate. Spatial management and movement can impact upon the construction of meaning within education and upon the dynamic of learning. It is suggested that there are now different learning goals and expectations and consequently a need for different learning environments. We…

Self Addressed Questions and Filled Pauses: A Cross-Linguistic Investigation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tian, Ye; Maruyama, Takehiko; Ginzburg, Jonathan

2017-01-01

There is an ongoing debate whether phenomena of disfluency (such as filled pauses) are produced communicatively. Clark and Fox Tree ("Cognition" 84(1):73-111, 2002) propose that filled pauses are words, and that different forms signal different lengths of delay. This paper evaluates this Filler-As-Words hypothesis by analyzing the…

The Bradley Challenge: A Sea Change for Australian Universities?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Putnam, Thomas; Gill, Judith

2011-01-01

This paper begins with a focus on the problematic nature of one key term in the Bradley Report. "Socioeconomic status," or SES as commonly used, lacks clear definition leading to ongoing debates about its measurement. A working consensus on SES and its measurement is necessary for the report's recommendations to proceed effectively. Next…

Opaque for the Reader but Transparent for the Brain: Neural Signatures of Morphological Complexity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meinzer, Marcus; Lahiri, Aditi; Flaisch, Tobias; Hannemann, Ronny; Eulitz, Carsten

2009-01-01

Within linguistics, words with a complex internal structure are commonly assumed to be decomposed into their constituent morphemes (e.g., un-help-ful). Nevertheless, an ongoing debate concerns the brain structures that subserve this process. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the present study varied the internal complexity of derived…

Social Reproduction and Child-Rearing Practices: Social Class, Children's Agency, and the Summer Activity Gap

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chin, Tiffani; Phillips, Meredith

2004-01-01

This study contributes to the ongoing scholarly debate about the relative importance of parents' resources and values in influencing parents' child-rearing practices. Using ethnographic data on children's summer experiences, the authors examine how families from different ethnic and social-class backgrounds assemble child care and other activities…

Students' Representations of Scientific Practice during a Science Internship: Reflections from an Activity-Theoretic Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hsu, Pei-Ling; van Eijck, Michiel; Roth, Wolff-Michael

2010-01-01

Working at scientists' elbows is one suggestion that educators make to improve science education, because such "authentic experiences" provide students with various types of science knowledge. However, there is an ongoing debate in the literature about the assumption that authentic science activities can enhance students' understandings…

Not a One-Way Street: Bidirectional Relations between Procedural and Conceptual Knowledge of Mathematics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rittle-Johnson, Bethany; Schneider, Michael; Star, Jon R.

2015-01-01

There is a long-standing and ongoing debate about the relations between conceptual and procedural knowledge (i.e., knowledge of concepts and procedures). Although there is broad consensus that conceptual knowledge supports procedural knowledge, there is controversy over whether procedural knowledge supports conceptual knowledge and how instruction…

Sleep Arrangements, Parent-Infant Sleep during the First Year, and Family Functioning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Teti, Douglas M.; Shimizu, Mina; Crosby, Brian; Kim, Bo-Ram

2016-01-01

The present longitudinal study addressed the ongoing debate regarding the benefits and risks of infant-parent cosleeping by examining associations between sleep arrangement patterns across the first year of life and infant and parent sleep, marital and family functioning, and quality of mothers' behavior with infants at bedtime. Patterns of infant…

Dream recall and the full moon.

PubMed

Schredl, Michael; Fulda, Stephany; Reinhard, Iris

2006-02-01

There is ongoing debate on whether the full moon is associated with sleep and dreaming. The analysis of diaries kept by the participants (N = 196) over 28 to 111 nights showed no association of a full moon and dream recall. Psychological factors might explain why some persons associate a full moon with increased dream recall.

A Primer on Persistent Postconcussion Symptoms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jantz, Paul B.

2015-01-01

The existence of persistent postconcussion symptoms (PPCS) is controversial, and there is ongoing debate as to whether the etiology of PPCS is psychogenic or physiogenic. In addition, there is a lack of agreement on diagnostic definitions of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and concussion and the terms are used interchangeably in the research…

The science and questions surrounding chronic traumatic encephalopathy.

PubMed

Ban, Vin Shen; Madden, Christopher J; Bailes, Julian E; Hunt Batjer, H; Lonser, Russell R

2016-04-01

Recently, the pathobiology, causes, associated factors, incidence and prevalence, and natural history of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) have been debated. Data from retrospective case series and high-profile media reports have fueled public fear and affected the medical community's understanding of the role of sports-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the development of CTE. There are a number of limitations posed by the current evidence that can lead to confusion within the public and scientific community. In this paper, the authors address common questions surrounding the science of CTE and propose future research directions.

Identification, assessment and management of "endocrine disruptors" in wildlife in the EU substance legislation--discussion paper from the German Federal Environment Agency (UBA).

PubMed

Frische, Tobias; Bachmann, Jean; Frein, Daniel; Juffernholz, Tanja; Kehrer, Anja; Klein, Anita; Maack, Gerd; Stock, Frauke; Stolzenberg, Hans-Christian; Thierbach, Claudia; Walter-Rohde, Susanne

2013-12-16

A discussion paper was developed by a panel of experts of the German Federal Environment Agency (UBA) contributing to the on-going debate on the identification, assessment and management of endocrine disruptors with a view to protect wildlife according to the EU substance legislation (plant protection products, biocides, industrial chemicals). Based on a critical synthesis of the state-of-the-art regarding regulatory requirements, testing methods, assessment schemes, decision-making criteria and risk management options, we advise an appropriate and consistent implementation of this important subject into existing chemicals legislation in Europe. Our proposal for a balanced risk management of endocrine disruptors essentially advocates transparent regulatory decision making based on a scientifically robust weight of evidence approach and an adequate risk management consistent across different legislations. With respect to the latter, a more explicit consideration of the principle of proportionality of regulatory decision making and socio-economic benefits in the on-going debate is further encouraged. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

American Indian historical trauma: community perspectives from two great plains medicine men.

PubMed

Hartmann, William E; Gone, Joseph P

2014-12-01

The field of community psychology has long been interested in the relations between how community problems are defined, what interventions are developed in response, and to what degree power is distributed as a result. Tensions around these issues have come to the fore in debates over the influence of historical trauma (HT) in American Indian (AI) communities. After interviewing the two most influential medicine men on a Great Plains reservation to investigate how these tensions were being resolved, we found that both respondents were engaging with their own unique elaboration of HT theory. The first, George, engaged in a therapeutic discourse that reconfigured HT as a recognizable but malleable term that could help to communicate his "spiritual perspective" on distress and the need for healing in the reservation community. The second, Henry, engaged in a nation-building discourse that shifted attention away from past colonial military violence toward ongoing systemic oppression and the need for sociostructural change. These two interviews located HT at the heart of important tensions between globalization and indigeneity while opening the door for constructive but critical reflection within AI communities, as well as dialogue with allied social scientists, to consider how emerging discourses surrounding behavioral health disparities might be helpful for promoting healing and/or sociostructural change.

Caloric compensation for sugar-sweetened beverages in meals: A population-based study in Brazil.

PubMed

Gombi-Vaca, Maria Fernanda; Sichieri, Rosely; Verly, Eliseu

2016-03-01

Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption can cause positive energy balance, therefore leading to weight gain. A plausible biological mechanism to explain this association is through weak caloric compensation for liquid calories. However, there is an ongoing debate surrounding SSB calorie compensation. The body of evidence comes from a diversity of study designs and highly controlled settings assessing food and beverage intake. Our study aimed to test for caloric compensation of SSB in the free-living setting of daily meals. We analyzed two food records of participants (age 10 years or older) from the 2008-2009 National Dietary Survey (Brazil, N = 34,003). We used multilevel analyses to estimate the within-subject effects of SSB on food intake. Sugar-sweetened beverage calories were not compensated for when comparing daily energy intake over two days for each individual. When comparing meals, we found 42% of caloric compensation for breakfast, no caloric compensation for lunch and zero to 22% of caloric compensation for dinner, differing by household per capita income. In conclusion, SSB consumption contributed to higher energy intake due to weak caloric compensation. Discouraging the intake of SSB especially during lunch and dinner may help reduce excessive energy intake and lead to better weight management. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Current outcomes of off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: evidence from randomized controlled trials

PubMed Central

Benedetto, Umberto; Pecchinenda, Gustavo Guida; Chivasso, Pierpaolo; Bruno, Vito Domenico; Rapetto, Filippo; Bryan, Alan; Angelini, Gianni Davide

2016-01-01

Coronary artery bypass grafting remains the standard treatment for patients with extensive coronary artery disease. Coronary surgery without use of cardiopulmonary bypass avoids the deleterious systemic inflammatory effects of the extracorporeal circuit. However there is an ongoing debate surrounding the clinical outcomes after on-pump versus off-pump coronary artery bypass (ONCAB versus OPCAB) surgery. The current review is based on evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses of randomized studies. It focuses on operative mortality, mid- and long-term survival, graft patency, completeness of revascularisation, neurologic and neurophysiologic outcomes, perioperative complications and outcomes in the high risk groups. Early and late survival rates for both OPCAB and ONCAB grafting are similar. Some studies suggest early poorer vein graft patency with off-pump when compared with on-pump, comparable midterm arterial conduit patency with no difference in long term venous and arterial graft patency. A recent, pooled analysis of randomised trials shows a reduction in stroke rates with use off-pump techniques. Furthermore, OPCAB grafting seems to reduce postoperative renal dysfunction, bleeding, transfusion requirement and respiratory complications while perioperative myocardial infarction rates are similar to ONCAB grafting. The high risk patient groups seem to benefit from off-pump coronary surgery. PMID:27942394

Undergraduates study climate change science, philosophy, and public policy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bullock, Mark A.; Frodeman, Robert L.

The National Science Foundation's (NSF) Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program provides undergraduate students with the opportunity to participate in ongoing scientific research. Existing either as stand-alone summer programs or as supplementary components to existing NSF research grants, the REU program focuses on introducing aspiring young scientists to the delights and complexities of science. Global Climate Change and Society (GCCS) is an intensive, 8-week REU program that began a 3-year run in the summer of 2001.Developed by a philosopher at the Colorado School of Mines, and a planetary scientist at Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colrado, GCCS is a unique experiment in research and pedagogy that introduces students to science by using a distinctive approach. Choosing as its topic the questions surrounding global climate change, the program explores the interwoven scientific, philosophical, and public policy issues that make the climate change debate such a volatile topic in contemporary society. Last summer, the program selected 12 undergraduates through a nationally advertised competition. Student interns came from diverse academic and cultural backgrounds and included physics, philosophy and public policy majors from elite liberal arts schools, major research institutions, and mainstream state universities. The program was held at the University of Colorado and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), in Boulder, Colorado (Figure 1).

Education, Underdevelopment, Unnecessary War and Human Security in Kosovo/Kosova

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nelles, W.

2005-01-01

This paper examines educational linkages to persistent conflicts and contemporary security challenges in Kosovo. It reviews some historic foundations, debates and socioeconomic contexts concerning education as a security issue. It argues that poverty and underdevelopment coupled with failed diplomacy (particularly surrounding a 1996 ''Education…

Terms vs. Concepts--The Case of Weight

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taibu, Rex

2017-01-01

Terminological and conceptual issues surrounding the definition of scientific terms have bothered teachers and students for many years. Some terms such as "energy" are not even usually defined, although they appear in different contexts of scientific communication, and others such as "weight" have debatable definitions, and for…

Political Issues in Gifted Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gallagher, James J.

2015-01-01

In this article, James J. Gallagher proposes that understanding the political issues and the debate surrounding the education of gifted students is based on the recognition that education policy (including rules, regulations, financial allocations, etc.) reflects social policy. Hence, society prioritizes needs so that the most important of these…

Campaign Drama, Classroom Lessons

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Manzo, Kathleen Kennedy

2008-01-01

The hoopla surrounding the New Hampshire presidential primaries earlier this month stirred some students at Timberlane High School to watch the candidates' debates, read news coverage, attend rallies, and even volunteer in local campaign offices. That interest, in turn, stimulated discussions in Bob Dawson's government classes at the school,…

The Current Privacy Environment: Implications for Third-Party Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coy, Kevin L.

2001-01-01

Growing public concern about privacy and the use of medical records has created a new research climate. Biomedical researchers must reassess protections for human subjects and become involved in debates surrounding recent federal regulations governing the privacy of personal health information. (Contains 40 references.) (SK)

Comprehensive Oversight Plan for Southwest Asia and Surrounding Areas. FY 2010 Update

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-02-01

responsible drawdown operations in Iraq? AAA ONGOING IRAQ Follow-Up Audit on Sensitive Items Accountability and Control at Abu Ghraib (A-2010...ONGOING KUWAIT Security 5 Security Army Deferred Maintenance on the Abrams Tank Fleet as a Result of the Global War on Terror (D2008-D000FJ...0210.000). Objective: Determine the extent and causes of deferred maintenance on the Army Abrams tanks that were used in the Global War on Terror

The Existence of Primary Age-Related Tauopathy Suggests that not all the Cases with Early Braak Stages of Neurofibrillary Pathology are Alzheimer's Disease.

PubMed

Giaccone, Giorgio

2015-01-01

The distinction between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Primary Age-Related Tauopathy (PART) is a hotly debated issue. As most lines of evidence support the tenet that tau pathology occurs downstream of amyloid-β deposition, it seems reasonable to consider PART as a separate disease process not necessarily related to Aβ and hence AD. Following this view, the early stages of neurofibrillary pathology may not always be the forerunner of diffuse neurofibrillary changes and AD. The ongoing debate further enhances the need for greater caution against any future predictions using tau cerebrospinal fluid and imaging biomarkers.

Beyond reputation: debate on the role of corporate influence in occupational and environmental medicine.

PubMed

Bohme, Susanna Rankin; Egilman, David

2008-01-01

In his article in this issue, Tee Guidotti casts recent works addressing corporate influence on occupational medicine as "collective act[s] of disparagement ... undertaken ... for political reasons." We move beyond the question of reputation to address key conflicts in the history of occupational medicine, including the American Occupational Medical Association's historical role in weakening the beryllium standard and the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine's recent efforts to limit the extent of the Family Medical Leave Act. The corporate practice of externalizing health and safety costs makes industry influence an important ongoing topic of debate in occupational and environmental medicine.

Avoiding a fate worse than death: an argument for legalising voluntary physician-based euthanasia.

PubMed

Werren, Julia; Yuksel, Necef; Smith, Saxon

2012-09-01

The legalisation of voluntary physician-based euthanasia is currently the subject of much political, social and ethical debate and there is evidence in Australia of growing support for its implementation. In addressing many of the issues that surround legalisation, the article looks at some overseas jurisdictions that have legalised euthanasia to determine whether the social, political and ethical concerns prominent in the Australian debate have proved problematic in other jurisdictions. In addition, the article examines the report on the Dying with Dignity Bill 2009 (Tas) which commented extensively on the issues relating to voluntary physician-based euthanasia.

Economic issues with follow-on protein products.

PubMed

Lanthier, Michael; Behrman, Rachel; Nardinelli, Clark

2008-09-01

The economic effects of the possible introduction of 'follow-on' protein products have been the subject of recent debate. Here, we aim to explore the economic issues surrounding this debate using three measures: total sales, product complexity and patent expiry. Our analysis shows that the sales of therapeutic protein products are concentrated in a relatively small number of branded products, which may be the most attractive targets for follow-on development. For the years 2013-2015, we estimate that products representing US$20 billion in annual sales--approximately half of all sales in 2006--can be expected to lose patent protection.

Theory to Reality: A Few Issues in Implementing Problem-Based Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hung, Woei

2011-01-01

The success of an intervention depends not only upon its theoretical soundness, but also on proper implementation that reflects the guidelines derived from its theoretical conception. Debates surrounding the effectiveness of problem-based learning (PBL) have focused on its theoretical conception and students' learning outcomes, but implementation…

"Huck Finn" in Context: A Teaching Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schulten, Katherine

This guide contains a detailed, six-section curriculum that frames the debate over Mark Twain's novel "Huck Finn," asks students to think critically about it, and helps them to see the novel in a richer historical and literary context. The first section introduces students to the history of the controversy surrounding "Huck…

Mixed Method Designs: A Review of Strategies for Blending Quantitative and Qualitative Methodologies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pole, Kathryn

2007-01-01

The historical debate surrounding quantitative and qualitative research paradigms has been at times rather passionate. Arguments for and against methodologies often have centered on the philosophical differences regarding issues such as generalizability, epistemology, and authentic representation of the phenomena under research. More recently,…

Teaching Controversy by Seminar: An Example in Quaternary Geomorphology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harwood, Doug

1987-01-01

Describes how seminar work can be structured to help students develop skills of critical thinking and expression when discussing controversial issues in their chosen subject. Particular emphasis is given to methods of organizing instructional materials and appropriate roles for seminar leaders. The debate surrounding the existence of a prehistoric…

Narrow-Band Applications of Communications Satellites.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cowlan, Bert; Horowitz, Andrew

This paper attempts to describe the advantages of "narrow-band" applications of communications satellites for education. It begins by discussing the general controversy surrounding the use of satellites in education, by placing the concern within the larger context of the general debate over the uses of new technologies in education, and by…

Understanding the Workforce Outcomes of Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mullin, Christopher M.

2012-01-01

The need for educational programs to show their return on investment is exemplified in the intense debate surrounding gainful employment programs--defined as programs that lead to gainful employment in a recognized occupation and theoretically differ from programs that offer education in the liberal arts or prepare students for further education.…

Wading through Quicksand: Making Sense of Minority Disproportionality in Identification of Emotional Disturbance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sullivan, Amanda L.

2017-01-01

The debate surrounding disproportionality in the identification of culturally and linguistically diverse students for special education, and in the category of emotional disturbance in particular, remains highly contentious, particularly as scholars grapple with the meaning and causes of disproportionality. In this article, I discuss assumptions…

Relational Frame Theory: An Overview of the Controversy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gross, Amy C.; Fox, Eric J.

2009-01-01

Although Skinner's "Verbal Behavior" (1957) was published over 50 years ago, behavior-analytic research on human language and cognition has been slow to develop. In recent years, a new behavioral approach to language known as relational frame theory (RFT) has generated considerable attention, research, and debate. The controversy surrounding RFT…

The Public Dimension of Broadcasting: Learning from the Canadian Experience.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Raboy, Marc

The political context surrounding Canadian broadcasting dramatically changed following the election of a conservative government in 1984, and Canada's current broadcasting debate is marked by national and special interest concerns. While an important social aspect of the system is its profoundly undemocratic nature, the constituent elements of a…

Promoting a Peaceful Classroom through Poetry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roberts, Sherron Killingsworth

2005-01-01

Today's classrooms hold many students who often possess dysfunctional approaches to conflict as entertainment. Abrasive talk shows, confrontational radio, even political debates, and the frenzy surrounding them may be considered evidence of this dysfunctional approach. Because we live in a post-9/11 reality and a time of war, the opportunity to…

Failing Boys? Issues in Gender and Achievement.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Epstein, Debbie, Ed.; Elwood, Jannette, Ed.; Hey, Valerie, Ed.; Maw, Janet, Ed.

Issues surrounding boys'"underachievement" have been at the center of public debate about education and the raising of standards in recent years. Media and political responses to the "problem of boys" have tended to be simplistic, partial, and owe more to quick fixes than investigation and research. This book provides a…

Receptivity to Learner-Driven Feedback in EAP

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maas, Clare

2017-01-01

There is still debate surrounding what constitutes the most effective feedback on EFL learners' writing, particularly in English for Academic Purposes (EAP) settings. Unanswered questions are found in the literature on topics such as the best formats for feedback, the role of technology, authors' authority over written texts, and ways of helping…

The Two World Histories

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dunn, Ross E.

2008-01-01

In the arenas where the two world histories have taken shape, educators vigorously debate among themselves intellectual, pedagogical, and policy issues surrounding world history as a school subject. The people in each arena tend to share, despite internal disagreements, a common set of premises and assumptions for ordering the discussion of world…

Playwriting Pedagogy and the Myth of Intrinsic Creativity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gardiner, Paul

2016-01-01

Debates surrounding the teaching of playwriting are heavily influenced by theories of creativity. This article reports on research in Australian secondary schools that explored the student and teacher experiences of playwriting pedagogy. The findings of the research revealed that teaching was based on a belief in intrinsic creativity: that…

Spaulding and Materazzi Revisited: A Ten Year Retrospect.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bourke, Thomas A.

1988-01-01

Summarizes the ANSI standards for archival film and looks at the debate surrounding questions of archival storage, durability in a working environment, and affordability among proponents of silver halide, diazo, and vesicular films. Articles written by Carl Spaulding and Albert R. Materazzi on the subject are reviewed. (11 references) (MES)

Bitcoin: A Pedagogical Guide for the College Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barre, Todd J.

2015-01-01

The emergence of Bitcoin as an online currency/payment system has been surrounded with controversy with equally passionate proponents and detractors arguing for its long-term viability. These debates lead to stimulating exercises for the finance or economics student eager to understand principles of money, currencies, and monetary economics. The…

Nature, Types and Scale of Rural Development.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hill, Frances

The issue of rural development has been surrounded by a number of debates regarding its nature, types, and scale. Included among the sources of controversy relating to rural development are the following areas: (1) the relation between rural development and rural industrialization, (2) the distribution of benefits and costs associated with…

Examining Punishment and Discipline: Defending the Use of Punishment by Coaches

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seifried, Chad

2008-01-01

Confusion, uncertainty, and debate often surround the terms "discipline" and "punishment" because scholars fail to publicize that they possess distinctive meanings. This article differentiates punishment from discipline and attempts to present some rationale supporting its use, especially corporal punishment, in a sport setting from a coaching…

Reasoning, evidence, and clinical decision-making: The great debate moves forward.

PubMed

Loughlin, Michael; Bluhm, Robyn; Buetow, Stephen; Borgerson, Kirstin; Fuller, Jonathan

2017-10-01

When the editorial to the first philosophy thematic edition of this journal was published in 2010, critical questioning of underlying assumptions, regarding such crucial issues as clinical decision making, practical reasoning, and the nature of evidence in health care, was still derided by some prominent contributors to the literature on medical practice. Things have changed dramatically. Far from being derided or dismissed as a distraction from practical concerns, the discussion of such fundamental questions, and their implications for matters of practical import, is currently the preoccupation of some of the most influential and insightful contributors to the on-going evidence-based medicine debate. Discussions focus on practical wisdom, evidence, and value and the relationship between rationality and context. In the debate about clinical practice, we are going to have to be more explicit and rigorous in future in developing and defending our views about what is valuable in human life. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Qualitative inquiry and the debate between hermeneutics and critical theory.

PubMed

Shaw, James A; DeForge, Ryan T

2014-11-01

Two issues have been central to ongoing disputes about judgments of quality in qualitative inquiry: (a) the ways in which paradigmatic orientations are understood to guide procedural decisions and (b) the meaning and intelligibility of paradigmatic incommensurability. In this article, we address these two key issues through an exploration of the debates between hermeneutics and critical social theory, including the exchanges between Hans-Georg Gadamer and Jurgen Habermas, and between Richard Rorty and Thomas McCarthy. We suggest that the key epistemological issue addressed in these debates is the nature of interpretation, separating the two philosophical camps based on beliefs about whether foundational knowledge is possible to achieve. We conclude the article by discussing the implications of these different positions for beliefs about quality in qualitative inquiry, and comment on the role of judgment in assessments of the value and quality of different approaches to qualitative research. © The Author(s) 2014.

Psychopathy and Personality: Advances and Debates.

PubMed

Miller, Joshua D; Lynam, Donald R

2015-12-01

Nine original articles comprise this special issue of the Journal of Personality addressing personality-based perspectives of psychopathy. In this introduction to the special issue, we review five advances and areas of agreement that are highlighted across the articles, including the utility of trait perspectives to psychopathy, the emergence of a prototypical trait profile of psychopathy, the importance of recognizing earlier developmental manifestations of psychopathy, the ongoing study and revelation of the basic neural underpinnings of psychopathy, and the important theoretical and empirical association between psychopathy and antisocial behavior. At the same time, several important debates remain, which are also highlighted in the special issue's articles. These debates center around the necessity and sufficiency of certain psychopathy traits, the role of traits alternatively labeled stable Extraversion, fearless dominance, or boldness, and the validity and utility of separating psychopathy from Machiavellianism as is done in research on the Dark Triad. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Ongoing large measles outbreak with nosocomial transmission in Milan, northern Italy, March-August 2017.

PubMed

Amendola, Antonella; Bianchi, Silvia; Frati, Elena R; Ciceri, Giulia; Faccini, Marino; Senatore, Sabrina; Colzani, Daniela; Lamberti, Anna; Baggieri, Melissa; Cereda, Danilo; Gramegna, Maria; Nicoletti, Loredana; Magurano, Fabio; Tanzi, Elisabetta

2017-08-17

A large measles outbreak has been ongoing in Milan and surrounding areas. From 1 March to 30 June 2017, 203 measles cases were laboratory-confirmed (108 sporadic cases and 95 related to 47 clusters). Phylogenetic analysis revealed the co-circulation of two different genotypes, D8 and B3. Both genotypes caused nosocomial clusters in two hospitals. The rapid analysis of epidemiological and phylogenetic data allowed effective surveillance and tracking of transmission pathways. This article is copyright of The Authors, 2017.

Ongoing large measles outbreak with nosocomial transmission in Milan, northern Italy, March–August 2017

PubMed Central

Amendola, Antonella; Bianchi, Silvia; Frati, Elena R; Ciceri, Giulia; Faccini, Marino; Senatore, Sabrina; Colzani, Daniela; Lamberti, Anna; Baggieri, Melissa; Cereda, Danilo; Gramegna, Maria; Nicoletti, Loredana; Magurano, Fabio; Tanzi, Elisabetta

2017-01-01

A large measles outbreak has been ongoing in Milan and surrounding areas. From 1 March to 30 June 2017, 203 measles cases were laboratory-confirmed (108 sporadic cases and 95 related to 47 clusters). Phylogenetic analysis revealed the co-circulation of two different genotypes, D8 and B3. Both genotypes caused nosocomial clusters in two hospitals. The rapid analysis of epidemiological and phylogenetic data allowed effective surveillance and tracking of transmission pathways. PMID:28840825

A Novel Review of the Evidence Linking Myopia and High Intelligence

PubMed Central

Verma, Ajai; Verma, Abhishek

2015-01-01

The association between myopia and high intelligence has been the subject of much vexed debate in academic circles, particularly over the last two decades. This debate has risen from the observation that, over recent centuries, the prevalence of myopia amongst most populations has coincided with a marked increase in the average level of intelligence in these populations. The relationship between myopia and intelligence and theories surrounding this association is examined by the authors. Additionally, the various factors that confound the myopia and high intelligence debate, such as genetics, educational levels, ethnicity, and environmental factors were also explored by the authors. Whilst most studies found a positive correlation reaching statistical significance between myopia and high intelligence compared to emmetropes and hyperopes, further research is required to determine whether this association is causal. PMID:25653868

Depersonalization or Cynicism, Efficacy or Inefficacy: What Are the Dimensions of Teacher Burnout?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Simbula, Silvia; Guglielmi, Dina

2010-01-01

This article seeks to contribute to the ongoing debate on the dimensionality of the burnout syndrome. Specifically, its aims are: (1) to investigate the role of efficacy beliefs using negatively worded inefficacy items instead of positive ones and (2) to establish whether depersonalization and cynicism can be considered two different dimensions of…

Comparison of Students' Knowledge Structure Coherence and Understanding of Force in the Philippines, Turkey, China, Mexico, and the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clark, Douglas B.; D'Angelo, Cynthia M.; Schleigh, Sharon P.

2011-01-01

This study investigates the ongoing debate in the conceptual change literature between unitary and elemental perspectives on students' knowledge structure coherence. More specifically, the current study explores two potential explanations for the conflicting results reported by Ioannides and Vosniadou (2002)and diSessa, Gillespie, and Esterly…

Emerging Childhoods and Immanent Becomings: Considering Difference in One Child's Encounters with Popular Culture

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sherbine, Kortney

2016-01-01

Ongoing debates over children's encounters with popular culture are grounded in representational images of what childhood is and what childhood should be. As such, the tendency to overcode and regulate children's behaviors, relationships, and desires are often part of a greater effort to prepare the child to fit fixed and essentialized notions of…

The Analysis of the Blogs Created in a Blended Course through the Reflective Thinking Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dos, Bulent; Demir, Servet

2013-01-01

Blogs have evolved from simple online diaries to communication tools with the capacity to engage people in collaboration, knowledge sharing, reflection and debate. Blog archives can be a source of information about student learning, providing a basis for ongoing feedback and redesign of learning activities. Previous studies show that blogs can…

The Way We Ask for Money… The Emergence and Institutionalization of Grant Writing Practices in Academia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Serrano Velarde, Kathia

2018-01-01

Although existing scholarship offers critical insights into the working mechanisms of project-based research funding, little is known about the actual practice of writing grant proposals. Our study seeks to add a longitudinal dimension to the ongoing debate on the implications of competitive research funding by focusing on the incremental…

Can Holistic Processing Be Learned for Inverted Faces?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robbins, Rachel; McKone, Elinor

2003-01-01

The origin of "special" processing for upright faces has been a matter of ongoing debate. If it is due to generic expertise, as opposed to having some innate component, holistic processing should be learnable for stimuli other than upright faces. Here we assess inverted faces. We trained subjects to discriminate identical twins using up to 1100…

Stimulus-Driven Attentional Capture by a Static Discontinuity between Perceptual Groups

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burnham, Bryan R.; Neely, James H.; Naginsky, Yelena; Thomas, Matthew

2010-01-01

After C. L. Folk, R. W. Remington, and J. C. Johnston (1992) proposed their contingent-orienting hypothesis, there has been an ongoing debate over whether purely stimulus-driven attentional capture can occur for visual events that are salient by virtue of a distinctive static property (as opposed to a dynamic property such as abrupt onset). The…

Knowledge Recontextualisation in Academic Development: An Empirical Exploration of an Emerging Academic Region

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buyl, Ernst

2017-01-01

As an emerging field within higher education, academic development remains fragmented, both as a field of theory and practice. In the vibrant, on-going debate about the theoretical foundations and directions of academic development as a nascent field, some relatively wide-ranging claims which have been made seem to be lacking in supporting…

A Case Study to Explore the Impact of Knowledge Management Systems on Workplace Diversity Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gautier, Michael

2012-01-01

The ongoing debate over the definition and application of workplace diversity policies results in a wide range of viewpoints. There are a number of theoreticians who feel that if diversity is more than avoidance of discrimination, that the traditional body of anti-discrimination programs such as the Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) efforts…

Impact of Recasts on the Accuracy in EFL Learners' Writing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Degteva, Olga

2011-01-01

Since the famous Truscott's "The case against grammar correction in L2 writing class" (1996) there has been an ongoing debate in SLA research about the value of corrective feedback and its different forms. A growing number of empirical research is now investigating the question, and although more and more evidence is obtained against Truscott's…

Differences between Presentation Methods in Working Memory Procedures: A Matter of Working Memory Consolidation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ricker, Timothy J.; Cowan, Nelson

2014-01-01

Understanding forgetting from working memory, the memory used in ongoing cognitive processing, is critical to understanding human cognition. In the past decade, a number of conflicting findings have been reported regarding the role of time in forgetting from working memory. This has led to a debate concerning whether longer retention intervals…

Mental Disorders among Gifted and Nongifted Youth: A Selected Review of the Epidemiologic Literature

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Laurie T.; Burns, Rachel M.; Schonlau, Matthias

2010-01-01

Given the ongoing debate over whether giftedness is associated with mental health disorders, there is a great need to highlight and compare results from the most methodologically rigorous studies. Surprisingly, the vast majority of literature reviews and background sections of research articles include studies that do not directly compare gifted…

Further Evidence on Adolescent Employment and Substance Use: Differences by Race and Ethnicity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Monica Kirkpatrick

2004-01-01

In an on-going debate over the consequences of adolescent employment, there is growing agreement that work intensity (i.e., longer hours) fosters underage drinking and other substance use. The current study furthers our understanding of the relationship between hours of employment and substance use in adolescence by testing whether it is evident…

Using E-Z Reader to Examine the Consequences of Fixation-Location Measurement Error

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reichle, Erik D.; Drieghe, Denis

2015-01-01

There is an ongoing debate about whether fixation durations during reading are only influenced by the processing difficulty of the words being fixated (i.e., the serial-attention hypothesis) or whether they are also influenced by the processing difficulty of the previous and/or upcoming words (i.e., the attention-gradient hypothesis). This article…

Complex Span versus Updating Tasks of Working Memory: The Gap Is Not that Deep

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schmiedek, Florian; Hildebrandt, Andrea; Lovden, Martin; Wilhelm, Oliver; Lindenberger, Ulman

2009-01-01

How to best measure working memory capacity is an issue of ongoing debate. Besides established complex span tasks, which combine short-term memory demands with generally unrelated secondary tasks, there exists a set of paradigms characterized by continuous and simultaneous updating of several items in working memory, such as the n-back, memory…

The Emergent Coordination of Cognitive Function

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kello, Christopher T.; Beltz, Brandon C.; Holden, John G.; Van Orden, Guy C.

2007-01-01

1/f scaling has been observed throughout human physiology and behavior, but its origins and meaning remain a matter of debate. Some argue that it is a byproduct of ongoing processes in the brain or body and therefore of limited relevance to psychological theory. Others argue that 1/f scaling reflects a fundamental aspect of all physiological and…

Privatising Public Schooling in Post-Apartheid South Africa: Equity Considerations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Motala, Shireen

2009-01-01

Through an analysis of quantitative and qualitative data on school funding in South Africa, this paper aims to analyse the user fee policy option in public schooling in South Africa. Debate is ongoing about the role of private input into public schooling and whether this practice affects access (and the constitutional right) to basic education,…

Special Education Funding in New Jersey: A Policy Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kolbe, Tammy; McLaughlin, Margaret J.; Mason, Loretta M.

2007-01-01

The Education Law Center (ELC) sought an independent review of special education funding in New Jersey as part of a larger group of studies intended to critique the cost study conducted by Augenblick and Palaich and Associates (APA) and the New Jersey Department of Education (NJDOE) and inform the ongoing public debate. In doing so, ELC recognized…

Effective Continuing Education for Licensed Real Estate Professionals

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tilton, Wendy A.

2004-01-01

Mandatory real estate education has been intensely debated for many years. New Jersey is the only state in the nation that does not require licensed real estate agents to attend an ongoing educational event after securing a license to practice. A bill was proposed to the legislature to mandate real estate education in June of 2001. (It was…

When Antecedents Diverge: Exploring Novelty and Value as Dimensions of Creativity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gruys, Melissa L.; Munshi, Natasha V.; Dewett, Todd C.

2011-01-01

Though an ongoing debate exists concerning how creativity should be defined and measured, it is generally agreed upon that creativity is the generation of ideas that are novel and of value (Amabile, 1996; Hennessey & Amabile, 2010). Yet most studies treat creativity as a black box in regards to the nature of the relationships between some commonly…

The magic of fairy circles: Built or created?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sahagian, Dork

2017-05-01

Fairy circles are rings of relatively dense grass in arid regions with sparse vegetation. The most famous examples are found in the Namib Desert. There has been an ongoing debate regarding the origin of these features, and a recent paper by Ravi et al. (2017, doi:10.1002/2016JG003604) sheds some light on this situation.

Nurse Home Visitors' Perceptions of Mandatory Reporting of Intimate Partner Violence to Law Enforcement Agencies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davidov, Danielle M.; Nadorff, Michael R.; Jack, Susan M.; Coben, Jeffrey H.

2012-01-01

In the United States, there is an ongoing debate about requiring health care professionals to report intimate partner violence (IPV) to law enforcement agencies. A comprehensive examination of the perspectives of those required to report abuse is critical, as their roles as mandated reporters often pose legal, practical, moral, and ethical…

The Synergistic Effect of Teaching a Combined Explicit Movement and Phonological Awareness Program to Preschool Aged Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Callcott, Deborah; Hammond, Lorraine; Hill, Susan

2015-01-01

While movement is critical to young children's development, there is an ongoing debate about the time devoted to teaching movement in early childhood classrooms. Nevertheless, research has established a link between specific precursor motor skills and early literacy development. This study investigated the synergistic effect of practising specific…

The New Synergy between Print and the Web

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Huwe, Terence K.

2009-01-01

The future of the publishing industry and the profession of journalism are hot topics these days. Those with intact long-term memory faculties will recall equally heated and ongoing debates about the future of libraries and their own profession, dating as far back as 1994, when the internet captured public imagination. Times have changed a bit…

School Hopscotch: A Comprehensive Review of K-12 Student Mobility in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Welsh, Richard O.

2017-01-01

This article provides an integrative review of the extant literature on K-12 student mobility in the United States. Student mobility is a widespread phenomenon with significant policy implications. Changing schools is most prevalent among minority and low-income students in urban school districts. There is an ongoing debate about whether student…

A Family History Study of Asperger Syndrome

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ghaziuddin, Mohammad

2005-01-01

Asperger syndrome (AS) is a childhood-onset disorder often described as a mild variant of autism. Although classified as a distinct disorder in the DSM-IV, its overlap with autism continues to be a matter of ongoing debate. While the family genetic origins of autism are well established, few studies have investigated this topic in AS using current…

Teaching Social Insurance in Higher Education. Occasional Papers. Number 6

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Estes, Carroll L.; Grossman, Brian R.; Rogne, Leah; Hollister, Brooke; Solway, Erica

2008-01-01

The ongoing debates about the future of social insurance programs such as Social Security and Medicare raise questions about the public's knowledge of the history of social insurance and about the impact these programs have on millions of Americans. In general, public conversations about social policies in the U.S. tend to focus on whether or not…

Conceptualising and Measuring the Mobility of Indigenous Students in the Northern Territory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, Andrew; Dunn, Bruce

2010-01-01

The vexed and ongoing issue of poor educational outcomes for Indigenous students in the Northern Territory continues despite years of successive programs and policies. Much of the debate has been on funding and pedagogy, in particular the merits or otherwise of bi-lingual teaching. Largely omitted from discussions, although well known by teachers…

When Is 100% Not 100%? The Use of Safe Harbor to Make Adequate Yearly Progress

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Polikoff, Morgan S.; Wrabel, Stephani L.

2013-01-01

Debate over the design of state and federal accountability systems is an important ongoing issue for policy makers. As we move toward next-generation accountability through No Child Left Behind's (NCLB) waivers and reauthorization drafts, it is important to understand the implementation and effects of key elements of prior accountability systems.…

School Effectiveness and Educational Management: Towards a South­-Eastern Europe Research and Public Policy Agenda

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alfirevic, N., Ed.; Burušic, J., Ed.; Relja, R., Ed.

2016-01-01

This book analyzes educational management in the context of developing effective schools in SouthEastern European countries and situates the discussion within ongoing education debates in EU countries. The book revolves around the specific role and practices of school principals, who are positioned as a nexus of educational management in each…

Contextualization and Authenticity in TBLT: Voices from Chinese Classrooms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chen, Qi; Wright, Clare

2017-01-01

In view of ongoing debates about the future of task-based language teaching (TBLT) in contexts of English as a foreign language (EFL), we present a detailed case study of teacher beliefs and practices regarding TBLT conducted in a secondary school in mainland China with a long history of communicative and task-based teaching approaches. We used a…

Learner Agency and Social Justice: What Can Creative Pedagogy Contribute to Socially Just Pedagogies?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hempel-Jorgensen, Amelia

2015-01-01

This article extends the ongoing debate about socially just pedagogy by arguing that disadvantaged learners' capacity to exercise learner agency, which is essential for learning but has been shown to be unequally constrained, can be more effectively enabled. This is accomplished by critically discussing the possibilities and limits of a selection…

Class Size and Language Learning in Hong Kong: The Students' Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harfitt, Gary James

2012-01-01

Background: There is currently ongoing debate in Hong Kong between the teachers' union and the Government on the reduction of large class size (typically more than 40 students) in secondary schools and whether smaller class sizes might facilitate improvements in teaching and learning. In fact, many Hong Kong secondary schools have already started…

Higher Education Program Curricula Models in Tourism and Hospitality Education: A Review of the Literature

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scotland, Miriam

2006-01-01

The relevancy of program curricula in tourism and hospitality education has been called into question by key stakeholders in light of ongoing changes in the multifaceted tourism and hospitality industry. Various program models have been identified. Program content and quality of student preparedness have been debated. Balance and areas of emphasis…

Task Interference in Time-Based, Event-Based, and Dual Intention Prospective Memory Conditions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hicks, Jason L.; Marsh, Richard L.; Cook, Gabriel I.

2005-01-01

Forming the intention to complete an activity later is the standard definition of a prospective memory task. Recently, a debate has arisen concerning the degree to which near-term intentions usurp resources away from other ongoing activities. In four experiments the authors tested how much interference was caused by holding a variety of different…

Should patients with self-inflicted illness receive lower priority in access to healthcare resources? Mapping out the debate.

PubMed

Sharkey, Kerith; Gillam, Lynn

2010-11-01

The distribution of scarce healthcare resources is an increasingly important issue due to factors such as expensive 'high tech' medicine, longer life expectancies and the rising prevalence of chronic illness. Furthermore, in the current healthcare context lifestyle-related factors such as high blood pressure, tobacco use and obesity are believed to contribute significantly to the global burden of disease. As such, this paper focuses on an ongoing debate in the academic literature regarding the role of responsibility for illness in healthcare resource allocation: should patients with self-caused illness receive lower priority in access to healthcare resources? This paper critically describes the lower priority debate's 12 key arguments and maps out their relationships. This analysis reveals that most arguments have been refuted and that the debate has stalled and remains unresolved. In conclusion, we suggest progression could be achieved by inviting multidisciplinary input from a range of stakeholders for the development of evidence-based critical evaluations of existing arguments and the development of novel arguments, including the outstanding rebuttals.

Human Dispersal Out of Africa: A Lasting Debate

PubMed Central

López, Saioa; van Dorp, Lucy; Hellenthal, Garrett

2015-01-01

Unraveling the first migrations of anatomically modern humans out of Africa has invoked great interest among researchers from a wide range of disciplines. Available fossil, archeological, and climatic data offer many hypotheses, and as such genetics, with the advent of genome-wide genotyping and sequencing techniques and an increase in the availability of ancient samples, offers another important tool for testing theories relating to our own history. In this review, we report the ongoing debates regarding how and when our ancestors left Africa, how many waves of dispersal there were and what geographical routes were taken. We explore the validity of each, using current genetic literature coupled with some of the key archeological findings. PMID:27127403

Continuous Assessment in Schools: Teachers' Bitter Pill to Swallow

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lumadi, Mutendwahothe Walter

2011-01-01

This paper articulates debates surrounding the concept of Continuous Assessment (CA) in South African schools. Although the research was focused on schools in this democratic country, it became evident from the findings that assessment is still a challenge besetting both General Education and Training (GET)and Further Education and Training Bands…

Narratives of Assimilation, Divergence, and Hybridity: The Reproduction Decisions of College-Educated Mexican American Women

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alvarado, Emmanuel; Nehring, Daniel

2012-01-01

Our study explored cultural understandings surrounding the reproductive decisions of US-born, college-educated Mexican American women through a series of semi-structured in-depth interviews. In considering the results, this article advances debates on Latina women's reproductive choices beyond the theoretical paradigms of "assimilation" and…

A Strategic Response to MOOCs: How One European University Is Approaching the Challenge

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Mark; Costello, Eamon; Donlon, Enda; Giolla-Mhichil, Mairead Nic

2015-01-01

This paper briefly outlines some of the macro level claims, counter-claims, and unresolved debates surrounding the rapid growth of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) in Higher Education. It then reports insights, experiences, and perceptions of those charged with developing a strategic institutional response to the challenges and opportunities…

Can Grey Ravens Fly?: Beyond Frayling's Categories

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Belcher, Shaun D.

2014-01-01

This paper analyses the effect of Christopher Frayling's categorisation of artistic research "research into art and design, research through art and design and research for art and design" on the debate surrounding the efficacy of studio-based artistic research as being valid within the university. James Elkins describes this as the…

Roles for Drosophila Mushroom Body Neurons in Olfactory Learning and Memory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zong, Lin; Tanaka, Nobuaki K.; Ito, Kei; Davis, Ronald L.; Akalal, David-Benjamin G.; Wilson, Curtis F.

2006-01-01

Olfactory learning assays in Drosophila have revealed that distinct brain structures known as mushroom bodies (MBs) are critical for the associative learning and memory of olfactory stimuli. However, the precise roles of the different neurons comprising the MBs are still under debate. The confusion surrounding the roles of the different neurons…

Listening to Families: The Role of Values in Shaping Effective Social Policy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sylvester, Kathleen

Noting that the American public's concern for children is shaped by complicated and sometimes conflicting beliefs about family life, this paper examines the policy debates surrounding child care, early childhood development, family leave, and children's health insurance, and analyzes how well advocates have adapted to the new realities. Part 1 of…

Balancing the needs and preferences of humans against concerns for fishes: how to handle the emerging ethical discussions regarding capture fisheries?

PubMed

Sandøe, P; Gamborg, C; Kadri, S; Millar, K

2009-12-01

How can stakeholders within the fisheries community engage in constructive ethical discussions? Drawing on experiences from previous debates surrounding the human use of animals, this paper presents a proactive approach whereby stakeholders can create a framework for ethical discussion of capture fisheries.

Residents' Perceptions toward Utility-Scale Wind Farm Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Campbell, Joseph; Romich, Eric

2015-01-01

Increased development of wind farms in the U.S. has fostered debates surrounding the siting and support for the projects. Prior research demonstrates the importance of understanding the attitudes and opinions of community members when developing projects. This article reviews a case study of an Ohio community that integrated a local survey to…

Revisiting Differential Grading Standards Anno 2014: An Exploration in Dutch Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Godor, Brian P.

2017-01-01

The role that teachers have in assessing student coursework is crucial. Their "determination" that a particular piece of student's work is "acceptable" has many serious consequences. With a lack of debate surrounding assessment, practices may become mired in conventions and disconnected from issues such as knowledge, power and…

Everyday Law for Children. The Everyday Law Series

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Herring, David J.

2006-01-01

This book provides an accessible introduction to laws that affect children and families, and the dominant public debates that surround and drive these laws. Using real-world examples, the book exposes the tension between reliance on the private, autonomous family and the public's desire to secure child wellbeing. A look at some public systems,…

Retribution and Rebellion: Children's Meaning Making of Justice through Storytelling

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Phillips, Louise Gwenneth

2012-01-01

Contemporary social theory and the United Nations (1989) "Convention on the Rights of the Child" have forged current interest in the concept of children's citizenship. However, what citizenship is and can be for young children is surrounded by much debate and ambiguity. This article discusses explorations of possibilities of children's…

Debunking Coriolis Force Myths

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shakur, Asif

2014-01-01

Much has been written and debated about the Coriolis force. Unfortunately, this has done little to demystify the paradoxes surrounding this fictitious force invoked by an observer in a rotating frame of reference. It is the purpose of this article to make another valiant attempt to slay the dragon of the Coriolis force! This will be done without…

Data Do Not Speak for Themselves: The Role of Data in Scientific Controversies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sadler, Troy D.

2007-01-01

This article presents a learning cycle with the aim of helping students understand the evidentiary basis of scientific claims. Students consider data and interpretations as used to support contradictory views in the debate surrounding the causal relationship between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).…

Ecological Modernization and the US Farm Bill: The Case of the Conservation Security Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lenihan, Martin H.; Brasier, Kathryn J.

2010-01-01

This paper examines the debate surrounding the inception of the Conservation Security Program (CSP) under the 2002 US Farm Bill as a possible expression of ecological modernization by examining the discursive contributions made by official actors, social movement organizations, and producer organizations. Based on this analysis, the CSP embodies…

American Higher Education: A History. Second Edition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lucas, Christopher J.

2006-01-01

The roots of controversy surrounding higher education in the US extend deep into the past. This original, incisive history goes far in offering a needed sense of perspective on current debates over such issues as access, costs, academic quality, social equity, and curricula. Eminently readable and always lively, this timely historical account is…

Does Mixed Methods Research Matter to Understanding Childhood Well-Being?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Nicola; Sumner, Andy

2009-01-01

There has been a rich debate in development studies on combining research methods in recent years. We explore the particular challenges and opportunities surrounding mixed methods approaches to childhood well-being. We argue that there are additional layers of complexity due to the distinctiveness of children's experiences of deprivation or…

Multiple Perspectives on Hiroshima. Pull-out 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schill, Karen

1998-01-01

Summarizes a unit of study in which students learn about the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki through reading about the survivors of the atomic bomb explosions and reflecting on the debate surrounding the 50th anniversary commemorations in Hiroshima (Japan) and the United States. Suggests that students keep journals throughout the unit. (CMK)

Does Parental Sexual Orientation Matter? A Longitudinal Follow-Up of Adoptive Families with School-Age Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Farr, Rachel H.

2017-01-01

Controversy continues to surround parenting by lesbian and gay (LG) adults and outcomes for their children. As sexual minority parents increasingly adopt children, longitudinal research about child development, parenting, and family relationships is crucial for informing such debates. In the psychological literature, family systems theory contends…

Values Education: A Response to Moral Relativism.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kaplan, Joseph H.

There is a growing agreement that the moral relativism or value neutral education of the 1970s has been a failure, and many groups and individuals are calling for values education to become part of school curriculum. This paper focuses on the administration of values education and discusses the public policy debate surrounding it. Several…

The Effectiveness of Youth Financial Education: A Review of the Literature

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCormick, Martha Henn

2008-01-01

Comprehensive strategies for educating children and youth so they can become effective managers of money and successful navigators of a complex financial marketplace have not yet emerged from the dialogue and debate surrounding financial education. A rich and growing body of research about adult financial education exists, but youth financial…

Playing the Recording Once or Twice: Effects on Listening Test Performances

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ruhm, Richard; Leitner-Jones, Claire; Kulmhofer, Andrea; Kiefer, Thomas; Mlakar, Heike; Itzlinger-Bruneforth, Ursula

2016-01-01

Much debate surrounds the issue of whether allowing candidates to listen to recordings twice is more desirable in language tests than offering just one opportunity. Using regression models, this study investigates, analyses and interconnects both item difficulty and stimulus length in relation to the frequency of stimulus presentation and its…

The Politics of Self-Esteem.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kahne, Joseph

1996-01-01

Before analysts can assess self-esteem as a goal for policy and practice, they must consider the ideological orientations of those who use the term and the cultural norms that shape the debate. Explicit attention to the politics surrounding self-esteem is needed to evaluate the use of the term in policy contexts. (Author/SLD)

Capitalism's New Handmaiden: The Biotechnical World Negotiated through Children's Fiction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sawers, Naarah

2009-01-01

In an era when the merger between capitalism and science becomes an accepted norm, new questions need to be asked about the ethical implications of scientific practices. One such practice is organ transplantation. However, potent debates surround the just distribution and ethical implications of organ transplantation. This paper examines the ways…

Synthetic Phonics and the Teaching of Reading: The Debate Surrounding England's Rose Report

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wyse, Dominic; Styles, Morag

2007-01-01

The Rose Report, commissioned by the Secretary of State for Education for England, recommended in March 2006 that early reading instruction must include synthetic phonics. This paper evaluates the extent to which research evidence supports this recommendation. In particular, a review of international research into the teaching of early reading…

Relationships between Observations of Elementary Mathematics Instruction and Student Achievement: Exploring Variability across Districts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lynch, Kathleen; Chin, Mark; Blazar, David

2017-01-01

Much debate surrounding teacher quality has focused on students' standardized test scores, but recent federal and state initiatives have emphasized the use of multiple measures to evaluate teacher quality, including classroom observations. In this study, we explore differences across school districts in the relationship between student achievement…

Infants' Auditory Enumeration: Evidence for Analog Magnitudes in the Small Number Range

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

vanMarle, Kristy; Wynn, Karen

2009-01-01

Vigorous debate surrounds the issue of whether infants use different representational mechanisms to discriminate small and large numbers. We report evidence for ratio-dependent performance in infants' discrimination of small numbers of auditory events, suggesting that infants can use analog magnitudes to represent small values, at least in the…

Child Labour, Education Policy and Governance in Cambodia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kim, Chae-Young

2011-01-01

This paper considers how the issue of child labour is located in Cambodian education policy debates and how it is affected by the major constraints surrounding the Cambodian education sector. In particular, it asks why Cambodian policy makers have not sought to address the issue explicitly despite its considerable, and adverse, impact on…

Countering Children's Sedentary Lifestyles. An Evaluative Study of a Media-Risk Education Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kline, Stephen

2005-01-01

In the wake of growing concerns about a "globesity" epidemic, this article explores the panic surrounding sedentary lifestyles and fast food culture, which have underscored calls for the cultural regulation of children's marketing. Avoiding the tired debate between those who see children as either manipulated or savvy consumers, this article…

Debating Affirmative Action: Politics, Media, and Equal Opportunity in a "Postracial" America

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Paguyo, Christina H.; Moses, Michele S.

2011-01-01

This article explores how race-conscious education policy is interpreted in the political landscape of a "postracial" America. Based on a qualitative media analysis of the press coverage surrounding Amendment 46, an antiaffirmative action initiative, we examine language, statistics, and messages leveraged by advocates and critics of the…

Science Education in Rural America: Adaptations for the Ivory Tower

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Van Doren, Gregory S.

2010-01-01

This thesis illustrated what can happen when academic culture disconnects from the cultures surrounding it. It showed that formal school environments are not always the best places to learn. A discussion of the debate between coherence and fragmentation learning theories illustrated academic chasms and a mindset that science education must…

To Spray or Not To Spray? A Debate Over DDT.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dinan, Frank J.; Bieron, Joseph F.

2001-01-01

Presents an activity in which students grapple with the complex issues surrounding the use of DDT to control malaria which affects millions of people in developing nations. Considers risk/benefit analysis and the pre-cautionary principle, two techniques used when making policy decisions involving the impact of science and technology on society.…

Teaching Energy Using an Integrated Science Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Poggi, Valeria; Miceli, Cristina; Testa, Italo

2017-01-01

Despite its relevance to all scientific domains, the debate surrounding the teaching of energy is still open. The main point remains the problems students have in understanding some aspects of the energy concept and in applying their knowledge to the comprehension of natural phenomena. In this paper, we present a research-based interdisciplinary…

Dockside Tarts and Modesty Boards: A Review of Recent Policy on Sexualisation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bragg, Sara

2012-01-01

In recent years, the "sexualisation of childhood" has moved into the centre ground of public policy and debate internationally, despite the conceptual confusions and inadequate evidence surrounding the processes denoted by the term. This paper focuses primarily on the most recent of several UK government-commissioned reviews and reports,…

Do You Want Single-Gender Science Classrooms in Your Middle Schools?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sampson, Pauline M.; Gresham, Gloria; Leigh, Melissa M.; McCormick-Myers, Denice

2014-01-01

Controversy surrounds the issue of single-gender education, with advocates debating that the initiative decreases discrimination, improves educational experiences for males and females, and provides parents more choice. Opponents argue that single-gender education is a form of segregation and negates the gains that women have achieved in the area…

A Case Study of Multimethod Evaluation of Complex School Mental Health Promotion and Prevention: The Mindmatters Evaluation Suite

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rowling, Louise; Mason, Jo

2005-01-01

There are a number of challenges and debates surrounding the implementation of mental health interventions in schools. These include recognising the complexity of influencing factors and the interdependency of key components; the critical importance of monitoring school-based implementation in particular contexts; employing multimethod evaluation…

Composite and Loose Concepts, Historical Analogies, and the Logic of Control in Comparative Historical Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Møller, Jørgen

2016-01-01

The use of controlled comparisons pervades comparative historical analysis. Heated debates have surrounded the methodological purchase of such comparisons. However, the quality and validity of the conceptual building blocks on which the comparisons are based have largely been ignored. This article discusses a particular problem pertaining to these…

From gun politics to self-defense politics: a feminist critique of the great gun debate.

PubMed

Carlson, Jennifer D

2014-03-01

This article calls attention to a problematic binary produced by public debates surrounding gun rights and gun control-namely, that women must choose armed self-protection or no self-protection at all. I argue that both anti- and pro-gun discourses, drawing on and reproducing race and class privileges, use assumptions about women's physical inferiority to further their agendas. I highlight how both sides have used guns as the proxy for self-defense and conclude by calling for a shift in public discourse to focus on the broader question of the right to self-defense rather than the narrower question of gun rights.

Advancing Health Marketing Research and Policy Recommendations by Incorporating Source Perspectives.

PubMed

Mackert, Michael; Guadagno, Marie; Champlin, Sara

2015-01-01

Communication researchers, recognizing the message sent is not necessarily the same as the message received, have incorporated the perspective of advertising professionals into the study of advertising effects. Health marketing research could similarly benefit from incorporating this largely absent perspective into the academic and policy debate surrounding the impact of advertising on health issues ranging from obesity to alcohol use. This commentary serves as a call to action to stakeholders in this academic and policy debate: focus on the perspective of advertising professionals to enrich health marketing and public health research in which advertising is the delivery vehicle for health messages.

Cultural relativism and cultural diversity: implications for nursing practice.

PubMed

Baker, C

1997-09-01

This article examines the doctrine of cultural relativism in nursing practice. To introduce the issue, an overview of the intellectual history of cultural relativism is presented. The academic themes of the debate surrounding cultural relativism are illustrated with an example of the social controversy in France involving cultural relativism as used to defend the practice of female genital excision among immigrant communities. The dilemma faced by nursing in making cross-cultural judgments is then examined in the light of the academic and social debates. The article concludes with a theoretical resolution of the issue of cultural relativism for nursing practice that is based on hermeneutic philosophy.

The ethics of animal research: a UK perspective.

PubMed

Perry, Pauline

2007-01-01

The Nuffield Council on Bioethics, an independent body in the United Kingdom, has published a 2005 report titled The Ethics of Research Involving Animals. The Report, produced by a Working Party that represented a wide range of views, seeks to clarify the debate that surrounds this topic and aims to help people identify and analyze the relevant scientific and ethical issues. The Working Party considered the arguments surrounding whether animal research yields useful results, and recommends that its predictability and transferability should be evaluated more fully, particularly in controversial areas. Commonly encountered ethical questions and arguments were considered in order to understand what lies behind disagreement on the moral justification of animal research. Four possible ethical positions on animal research, which represent points on a continuum, are described. Despite the range of views that exist among members of the Working Party, the Report presents a "Consensus Statement" that identifies agreement on several important issues. Building on this statement, recommendations are made for improving the quality of the debate and promoting the 3Rs (refinement, reduction, and replacement).

What We Should and Should Not Learn from the Japanese and Other East Asian Education Systems

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jeynes, William

2008-01-01

The author argues that there is an ongoing debate among educators concerning the extent to which American educators can learn from East Asian school systems. Some social scientists argue that cultural differences make this impossible. Others argue that there are many ways that Americans can benefit. The author believes that both sides of this…

Peer Influence, Information Quality and Predictive Power of Stock Microblogs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oh, Chong Keat

2013-01-01

Due to the popularity of Web 2.0 and Social Media in the last decade, the percolation of user generated content (UGC) has rapidly increased. In the financial realm, this results in the emergence of virtual investing communities (VIC) to the investing public. There is an on-going debate among scholars and practitioners on whether such UGC contain…

Reflections on the Emancipatory Potential of Vocational Education and Training Practices: Freire and Rancière in Dialogue

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tur Porres, Gisselle; Wildemeersch, Danny; Simons, Maarten

2014-01-01

This paper focuses on the issue of emancipation in education practices in general and in vocational education and training (VET) in particular. The principal aim is to contribute to the discussion of particular traditions of emancipation in education in connection with VET practices. The exploration of ongoing educational debates on VET…

Reforming Science Education: Part I. The Search for a "Philosophy" of Science Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schulz, Roland M.

2009-01-01

The call for reforms in science education has been ongoing for a century, with new movements and approaches continuously reshaping the identity and values of the discipline. The HPS movement has an equally long history and taken part in the debates defining its purpose and revising curriculum. Its limited success, however, is due not only to…

Restructuring, Reform and Refraction: Complexities of Response to Imposed Social Change

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goodson, Ivor. F.; Rudd, Tim

2016-01-01

There is a good deal of ongoing debate about the effects and impacts of globalisation. Many educational theorists (e.g., Meyer et al., 1997) have argued that there is a world systems model at work (see Wallerstein, 2004). And we would agree that a convergent global rhetoric for education has emerged in the neoliberal period. However, whilst at the…

Brief Report: Fathers' and Mothers' Ratings of Behavioral and Emotional Problems in Siblings of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Griffith, Gemma M.; Hastings, Richard P.; Petalas, Michael A.

2014-01-01

Debate is ongoing about whether typically developing siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at greater risk of behavioral or emotional problems than siblings of children without ASD. Most data on behavior is provided by mothers, and we do not know whether fathers' reports differ. The strengths and difficulties questionnaire…

A "Fourth Moment" for Music Education? A Response to Chris Philpott's Sociological Critique of Music Curriculum Change

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McPhail, Graham

2016-01-01

The catalyst for this paper is the ongoing debate concerning formal and informal approaches to pedagogy within the music education literature. I utilise a chapter by Philpott (2010) as a means to continue discussion about the apparent dialectic between formal and informal approaches to music learning and the case Philpott raises for radical change…

When Do Better Schools Raise Housing Prices? Evidence from Paris Public and Private Schools. CEE DP 119

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fack, Gabrielle; Grenet, Julien

2010-01-01

In France, as in many other countries, there is an ongoing debate on how residence-based assignment to schools affects both educational and residential segregation. Theoretical models (including Benabou, 1993; Fernandez and Rogerson, 1996; Epple and Romano, 2003; Rothstein, 2006) have shown that the existence of peer effects in education yields…

Getting on the Same Page: Identifying Goals for Technology Use in Early Childhood Education. Policy Brief

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Daugherty, Lindsay; Dossani, Rafiq; Johnson, Erin-Elizabeth; Wright, Cameron

2014-01-01

Technology use among young children is increasingly a fact of life, and establishing a clear set of goals that are broadly accepted by stakeholders is critical to planning for the successful integration of technology into early childhood education (ECE). However, debates about the role of technology in ECE settings are ongoing, with some…

Newly Arrived Migrant Students in German Schools: Exclusive and Inclusive Structures and Practices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Terhart, Henrike; von Dewitz, Nora

2018-01-01

Newly arrived migrant students in German schools are currently the centre of attention. In 2015 and 2016 the incoming number of migrant children and adolescents of school-age has risen. Schools, the education administration as well as politics need to take action with regard to this. In the on-going debate on new immigrant students in school,…

Crime Prevention Starts at Home! Setting the Stage for Community Action To Prevent Violence and Other Crimes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Crime Prevention Council, Washington, DC.

Crime prevention works. This simple fact is often forgotten in the ongoing debate over crime and its causes. Prevention works when individuals take common-sense actions to protect themselves, their families and property. The theme from Crime Prevention Month 1995 goes back to these basics: good home security, self-protection skills for kids and…

From "Deep Knowledge" to "The Light of Reason": Sources for Philosophy of Education in Ethiopia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bridges, David; Asgedom, Amare; Kenaw, Setargew

2004-01-01

This paper explores some of the indigenous sources available in Ethiopia as a resource for philosophy and philosophy of education. In the process it makes a small contribution to the ongoing debate among philosophers as to whether there is a distinctive African philosophy. The paper illustrates, first, what is sometimes referred to as the…

Categorical and Dimensional Structure of Autism Spectrum Disorders: The Nosologic Validity of Asperger Syndrome

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kamp-Becker, Inge; Smidt, Judith; Ghahreman, Mardjan; Heinzel-Gutenbrunner, Monika; Becker, Katja; Remschmidt, Helmut

2010-01-01

There is an ongoing debate whether a differentiation of autistic subtypes, especially between Asperger Syndrome (AS) and high-functioning-autism (HFA) is possible and if so, whether it is a categorical or dimensional one. The aim of this study was to examine the possible clustering of responses in different symptom domains without making any…

Cell Phones for Low-Resource Environments

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chiverton, Scott

2017-01-01

Those of us in North America, Europe, many parts of Central and South America, and eastern Asia live in a digital world, and there has been ongoing debate about technology and learning. In other parts of the world, such as the African continent and much of central and south central Asia, there is evidence of a digital invasion, but it is still not…

Is Higher Education Following the Path Set by Health Care in the U.S.?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Castiglia, Beth

2012-01-01

The recent emergence of higher education into political and economic debate is reminiscent of the ongoing arguments about the appropriate provision of health care in the United States. Health care reform has been a political battle cry in the United States for years, and there are similar calls for reforms of higher education. These two industries…

Implementing Mission-Driven Assurance of Learning: Improving Performance through Constructive Collaboration

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marques, Joan; Garrett, Nathan

2012-01-01

Assurance of Learning (AoL) practices can be implemented in a variety of ways, as long as they are geared toward business schools' missions and curricula. The authors first address the purpose of implementing AoL, and briefly evaluate the ongoing debate about the pros and cons of the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business's policies…

Processing of Tense Morphology and Filler-Gap Dependencies by Chinese Second Language Speakers of English

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dong, Zhiyin Renee

2014-01-01

There is an ongoing debate in the field of Second Language Acquisition concerning whether a fundamental difference exists between the native language (L1) and adult second language (L2) online processing of syntax and morpho-syntax. The Shallow Structure Hypothesis (SSH) (Clahsen and Felser, 2006a, b) states that L2 online parsing is qualitatively…

The Explosion of Real Time and the Structural Conditions of Temporality in a Society of Control: Durations and Urgencies of Academic Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lapping, Claudia

2017-01-01

In the context of ongoing debates about the distinctive temporalities associated with contemporary regulative regimes, this paper explores the interpretive trajectories initiated in contrasting conceptualisations of the politics of time. This exploration is developed through analysis of interview data from a study of unconscious relations in…

Improving Homework Completion and Motivation of Middle School Students through Behavior Modification, Graphing, and Parent Communication

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hein, Dawn L.; Wimer, Sandra L.

2007-01-01

An action research project report was complete to discuss how homework completion and motivation is an ongoing issue and debate within the public schools. This is especially true in the middle school setting. The teacher researchers of this project chose to conduct a study in order to increase homework completion and motivation of middle school…

Teaching and Learning about Energy in Middle School: An Argument for an Epistemic Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Constantinou, C. P.; Papadouris, N.

2012-01-01

We have reviewed the existing literature on teaching and learning about energy to develop an overview of the ongoing debate on conceptual aspects of the construct and also to highlight the issues that have emerged in approaches to designing teaching-learning sequences. Our review is informed by those aspects of the historical evolution of the…

The Relationship between Curriculum Time for Physical Education and Literacy and Numeracy Standards in South Australian Primary Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dollman, Jim; Boshoff, Kobie; Dodd, Graham

2006-01-01

There is ongoing debate among educators and in the community about the status of school physical education (PE), particularly in relation to more vocationally-oriented learning areas. Against a backdrop of rising youth obesity, diminishing curriculum time for PE represents a serious public health issue. This study investigated the relationships…

Nonnative Processing of Verbal Morphology: In Search of Regularity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gor, Kira; Cook, Svetlana

2010-01-01

There is little agreement on the mechanisms involved in second language (L2) processing of regular and irregular inflectional morphology and on the exact role of age, amount, and type of exposure to L2 resulting in differences in L2 input and use. The article contributes to the ongoing debates by reporting the results of two experiments on Russian…

A Better Way to Pay: Five Rules for Reforming Teacher Compensation. Backgrounder. No, 2681

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Richwine, Jason

2012-01-01

Despite ongoing debates over the adequacy of teacher compensation, the design of merit pay systems, and the structure of pension benefits, there is broad agreement that teacher pay should be designed to recruit--and retain--the highest-quality teachers in a cost-effective manner. Policymakers should avoid across-the-board pay increases, and focus…

The Future Is More than Just Tomorrow: Higher Education, the Economy and the Longer Term

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crossick, Geoffrey

2010-01-01

In this commentary the author reflects on longer-term issues facing higher education in the context of recession and crisis in public finance. The views expressed are written from a personal perspective with the aim of stimulating and encouraging a wider and ongoing debate around the themes presented. The author draws upon the findings of three…

Subliminal stimuli modulate somatosensory perception rhythmically and provide evidence for discrete perception.

PubMed

Baumgarten, Thomas J; Königs, Sara; Schnitzler, Alfons; Lange, Joachim

2017-03-09

Despite being experienced as continuous, there is an ongoing debate if perception is an intrinsically discrete process, with incoming sensory information treated as a succession of single perceptual cycles. Here, we provide causal evidence that somatosensory perception is composed of discrete perceptual cycles. We used in humans an electrotactile temporal discrimination task preceded by a subliminal (i.e., below perceptual threshold) stimulus. Although not consciously perceived, subliminal stimuli are known to elicit neuronal activity in early sensory areas and modulate the phase of ongoing neuronal oscillations. We hypothesized that the subliminal stimulus indirectly, but systematically modulates the ongoing oscillatory phase in S1, thereby rhythmically shaping perception. The present results confirm that, without being consciously perceived, the subliminal stimulus critically influenced perception in the discrimination task. Importantly, perception was modulated rhythmically, in cycles corresponding to the beta-band (13-18 Hz). This can be compellingly explained by a model of discrete perceptual cycles.

Revisiting place and temporal theories of pitch

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

The nature of pitch and its neural coding have been studied for over a century. A popular debate has revolved around the question of whether pitch is coded via “place” cues in the cochlea, or via timing cues in the auditory nerve. In the most recent incarnation of this debate, the role of temporal fine structure has been emphasized in conveying important pitch and speech information, particularly because the lack of temporal fine structure coding in cochlear implants might explain some of the difficulties faced by cochlear implant users in perceiving music and pitch contours in speech. In addition, some studies have postulated that hearing-impaired listeners may have a specific deficit related to processing temporal fine structure. This article reviews some of the recent literature surrounding the debate, and argues that much of the recent evidence suggesting the importance of temporal fine structure processing can also be accounted for using spectral (place) or temporal-envelope cues. PMID:25364292

The Blurred Line between Form and Process: A Comparison of Stream Channel Classification Frameworks

PubMed Central

Kasprak, Alan; Hough-Snee, Nate

2016-01-01

Stream classification provides a means to understand the diversity and distribution of channels and floodplains that occur across a landscape while identifying links between geomorphic form and process. Accordingly, stream classification is frequently employed as a watershed planning, management, and restoration tool. At the same time, there has been intense debate and criticism of particular frameworks, on the grounds that these frameworks classify stream reaches based largely on their physical form, rather than direct measurements of their component hydrogeomorphic processes. Despite this debate surrounding stream classifications, and their ongoing use in watershed management, direct comparisons of channel classification frameworks are rare. Here we implement four stream classification frameworks and explore the degree to which each make inferences about hydrogeomorphic process from channel form within the Middle Fork John Day Basin, a watershed of high conservation interest within the Columbia River Basin, U.S.A. We compare the results of the River Styles Framework, Natural Channel Classification, Rosgen Classification System, and a channel form-based statistical classification at 33 field-monitored sites. We found that the four frameworks consistently classified reach types into similar groups based on each reach or segment’s dominant hydrogeomorphic elements. Where classified channel types diverged, differences could be attributed to the (a) spatial scale of input data used, (b) the requisite metrics and their order in completing a framework’s decision tree and/or, (c) whether the framework attempts to classify current or historic channel form. Divergence in framework agreement was also observed at reaches where channel planform was decoupled from valley setting. Overall, the relative agreement between frameworks indicates that criticism of individual classifications for their use of form in grouping stream channels may be overstated. These form-based criticisms may also ignore the geomorphic tenet that channel form reflects formative hydrogeomorphic processes across a given landscape. PMID:26982076

An assessment of options for integrating taxicabs into an urban environment

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-03-01

Discussions surrounding the inclusion of taxicabs into the planning processes in urban areas have been ongoing since the oil crises of the 1970s. While there are some commonalties in the regulatory guidelines concerning taxicabs, most of the regulati...

Searching for "voices": feminism, anthropology, and the global debate over female genital operations.

PubMed

Walley, C J

1997-08-01

This article lays the groundwork for a feminist and anthropological political response to female genital "operations" that transcends the current debate over the phenomenon, which is couched in terms of cultural relativism or of politically-informed outrage. After an introduction, the study considers the politics involved in assigning a name to the procedure and explains the author's reason for choosing female genital "operation" over the more commonly used "circumcision," "mutilation," or "torture." In the next section, clitoridectomy is contextualized through a recounting of the circumstances under which the procedure was performed in the western Kenyan village of Kikhome in 1988. This discussion focuses on the ceremonies surrounding the circumcisions of young men and women, the author's attempts to discover how the young women involved really felt about the tradition, and a review of the anthropological literature on the significance and impact of these practices. The analysis then examines the international controversy surrounding female genital mutilation and provides an overview of the colonial discourse on female genital mutilation in Africa to expose 1) the origins of justifications for colonial dominance in the dominance of non-Western women by non-Western men and 2) the fact that use of cultural arguments that fuse women and tradition can support culturally-defined power relationships. The article concludes with a consideration of who is qualified to speak out against female genital mutilation given the fact that all women and all debates are the products of longstanding, tenacious power relationships.

The rapid expansion of (mainstream) health psychology in France: Historical foundations.

PubMed

Santiago-Delefosse, Marie; Del Rio Carral, Maria

2018-03-01

This article traces the historical evolution of ongoing theoretical debates in psychology in France from the 1940s until today. Its aim is to show how the conjunction of certain conditions led to a rapid expansion of American-derived mainstream health psychology during the 1980s. The authors describe the French context in the post-World War II period and outline the implementation of 'clinical psychology in health settings' in the 1950s, under the influence of Daniel Lagache. The strong critiques of the new psychology profession in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s are examined. Our conclusion reflects upon future implications of ongoing rivalries between different approaches to psychology.

Emotional graphic cigarette warning labels reduce the electrophysiological brain response to smoking cues

PubMed Central

Wang, An-Li; Romer, Dan; Elman, Igor; Turetsky, Bruce I.; Gur, Ruben C.; Langleben, Daniel D.

2015-01-01

There is an ongoing public debate about the new graphic warning labels (GWLs) that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposes to place on cigarette packs. Tobacco companies argued that the strongly emotional images FDA proposed to include in the GWLs encroached on their constitutional rights. The court ruled that FDA did not provide sufficient scientific evidence of compelling public interest in such encroachment. This study’s objectives were to examine the effects of the GWLs on the electrophysiological and behavioral correlates of smoking addiction and to determine whether labels rated higher on the emotional reaction (ER) scale are associated with greater effects. We studied 25 non-treatment-seeking smokers. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while participants viewed a random sequence of paired images, in which visual smoking (Cues) or non-smoking (non-Cues) images were preceded by GWLs or neutral images. Participants reported their cigarette craving after viewing each pair. Dependent variables were magnitude of P300 ERPs and self-reported cigarette craving in response to Cues. We found that subjective craving response to Cues was significantly reduced by preceding GWLs, whereas the P300 amplitude response to Cues was reduced only by preceding GWLs rated high on the ER scale. In conclusion, our study provides experimental neuroscience evidence that weighs in on the ongoing public and legal debate about how to balance the constitutional and public health aspects of the FDA-proposed GWLs. The high toll of smoking-related illness and death adds urgency to the debate and prompts consideration of our findings while longitudinal studies of GWLs are underway. PMID:24330194

Student Understanding of Climate Change: Influences of College Major and Environmental Group Membership on Undergraduate Knowledge and Mental Models

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Huxster, Joanna

2013-01-01

A consensus has been reached within the scientific community concerning the occurrence of climate change and its anthropogenic causes. Outside of this community, however, there continues to be considerable debate and confusion surrounding the topic. The government mitigation strategies and political leadership needed for this issue will require…

Is the Heart a Pressure or Flow Generator? Possible Implications and Suggestions for Cardiovascular Pedagogy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mitchell, Jamie R.

2015-01-01

In this article, a physiology instructor with primarily a cardiovascular (CV) background has wondered what approach to take, with both novice and senior learners, when it comes to delivering material on the pressure or flow generation of the heart. A debate surrounds the pressure propulsion versus flow generation theories, where some understand…

Faculty Mentoring in Residence Halls: An Experiential Learning Process

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jhaveri, Hemlata

2012-01-01

As more demands are being placed on faculty inside of the classroom, the debate surrounding the feasibility of faculty having the time and resources to be involved outside the classroom continues. At the same time there is a growing concern that in light of current advancements in technology; oral communication skills, basic to human existence is…

A Collection of Readings Related to Competency-Based Training. EAE604 Curriculum and Competencies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Deakin Univ., Victoria (Australia).

This publication is part of the study materials for the distance education course, Curriculum and Competencies, in the Open Campus Program at Deakin University. It contains 39 papers on the nature, historical development, and delivery of competency-based training (CBT) and on the Australian and international debates surrounding CBT. The following…

After the Moral Panic? Reframing the Debate about Child Safety Online

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Facer, Keri

2012-01-01

This paper examines the initial "moral panic" surrounding children's access to the Internet at the end of the last century by analysing more than 900 media articles and key government documents from 1997 to 2001. It explores the ambiguous settlements that this produced in adult-child relations and children's access to the Internet. The…

"Behind the Teacher's Back": An Ethnographic Study of Deaf People's Schooling Experiences in the Republic of Ireland

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Connell, Noel Patrick; Deegan, Jim

2014-01-01

Historically, the valuing of deaf children's voices on their own schooling has been underrepresented in educational policies, curriculum frameworks and discursive practices and, in particular, in the debates and controversies surrounding oralism and Irish Sign Language in deaf education in Ireland. This article discusses children's everyday lived…

U.S. Gatekeepers and the New World Information Order: Journalistic Qualities and Their Impact.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chang, Tsan-Kuo; Lee, Jae-won

A national survey examined how United States newspaper editors responded to the 6 major issues surrounding the New World Information Order (NWIO) debate at the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) regarding the form and content of news flow at the international level. A 6-page questionnaire was completed by…

The Fall of an Academic Cyberbully

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kolowich, Steve

2009-01-01

Few academic debates are as contentious as those surrounding the Dead Sea Scrolls. These fragments of some 800 ancient documents include portions of all but one book of the Hebrew Bible. The first ones were discovered in 1947 by shepherds in caves on the northwestern shore of the Dead Sea, and are believed to be the oldest surviving Judaic…

The Reasoning behind the Scene: Why Do Early Childhood Educators Use Computers in Their Classrooms?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Edwards, Suzy

2005-01-01

In recent times discussion surrounding the use of computers in early childhood education has emphasised the role computers play in children's everyday lives. This realisation has replaced early debate regarding the appropriateness or otherwise of computer use for young children in early childhood education. An important component of computer use…

The Dangers of Playing Dress-Up: Popular Representations of Jessica Lynch and the Controversy Regarding Women in Combat

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holland, Shannon L.

2006-01-01

Through a critical analysis of the public discourse surrounding the capture and rescue of Jessica Lynch, this essay investigates how Lynch's body "comes to matter" in political debates regarding women in combat. This article argues that popular representations of Lynch's natural femaleness rearticulate the seemingly biological distinctions between…

National Identity and Group Narcissism as Predictors of Intergroup Attitudes toward Undocumented Latino Immigrants in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lyons, Patricia A.; Coursey, Lauren E.; Kenworthy, Jared B.

2013-01-01

The debate surrounding immigration reform to address undocumented Latino immigrants in the United States has been emotionally charged and polarizing. This study's goal was to better understand some of the psychological predictors of attitudes toward undocumented Latino immigrants in the United States, namely, collective identity as an…

iPad Use and Student Engagement in the Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mango, Oraib

2015-01-01

iPads and handheld digital devices have been securing their place in educational institutions surrounded by debates between advocates and skeptics. In light of not enough evidence supporting the use of iPads in education, this study examined the ways that college students in two foreign language classrooms perceived the influence of the use of…

Tunali Hilmi Bey's Views on Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kamer, Selman Tunay

2015-01-01

At the beginning of the 20th century, Tunali Hilmi Bey, who was not an educator, played an important part among the harsh debates on education surrounding Turkey. The current study analyzes Tunali Hilmi Bey's views on education that is a central point in his life and his sophisticated thoughts. Tunali Hilmi Bey launched a big effort to have social…

Descriptive Understandings of the Nature of Science: Examining the Consensual and Family Resemblance Approaches

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

do Nascimento Rocha, Maristela; Gurgel, Ivã

2017-01-01

This paper performs a critical analysis of the consensual and family resemblance approaches to the nature of science. Despite the debate that surrounds them, between a pragmatic consensus and a more comprehensive understanding, both approaches have in common the goal of helping students to "internalize" knowledge about science in a…

Moving beyond the Deep and Surface Dichotomy; Using Q Methodology to Explore Students' Approaches to Studying

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Godor, Brian P.

2016-01-01

Student learning approaches research has been built upon the notions of deep and surface learning. Despite its status as part of the educational research canon, the dichotomy of deep/surface has been critiqued as constraining the debate surrounding student learning. Additionally, issues of content validity have been expressed concerning…

Globalisation, Language and Education: A Comparative Study of the United States and Tanzania.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roy-Campbell, Zaline M.

2001-01-01

Focusing on Tanzania and the United States, this article examines the fallacy of a monolingual, English-only policy in education. It also examines the philosophy surrounding this debate and considers the detrimental effects upon students of attempting to impose a monolingual policy. Discusses the role of educational language in the quest for…

Depth-Charge in the Archive: The Documentation of Performance Revisited in the Digital Age

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allen, Jess

2010-01-01

The debate surrounding the documentation of performance is principally concerned with the ephemerality of the live event, set against the stasis and "death" that the archive is conventionally believed to represent. The advent of digital technology in live performance has complexified this still further, by altering the architecture, space and…

Educating for Transforming Our World: Revisiting International Debates Surrounding Education for Sustainable Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mochizuki, Yoko

2016-01-01

In 2015, the United Nations (UN) General Assembly adopted a resolution titled "Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development" and a set of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The notion of "transformative education" is being mainstreamed in the work of UNESCO within the new framework of the SDGs,…

The Social Security Program and the Private Sector Alternative: Lessons from History.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Quadagno, Jill

1987-01-01

Used historical evidence to analyze how private sector benefits worked in the past in light of the debate surrounding the Social Security benefits and the federal deficit. Among conclusions reached are that the private sector failed to provide adequate protection for older citizens, and that benefits were inequitably distributed on basis of gender…

Introducing Preservice Teachers to Issues Surrounding Evolution and Creationism via a Mock Trial.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Helgeson, Lars J.; Hoover, John; Sheehan, James

2002-01-01

Describes cooperation between social studies and science education professors to introduce preservice teachers to the evolution versus creationism debate via a mock trial. Uses a hypothetical situation in which a 6th grade teacher was fired for not balancing evolution and creationism in his teaching. Reports that the mock trial slightly increased…

Finance and the No Child Left Behind Act

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Russo, Charles J.

2010-01-01

Enacted in 2002 as the cornerstone of President George W. Bush's educational policy, the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act has been controversial since it became law. At its heart, NCLB is designed to have students perform at grade level by the year 2014. Yet as debate rages on an array of issues surrounding NCLB, the reauthorization process has…

Observations on the Use of Textbooks in the Teaching of Principles of Economics: A Comment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Case, Karl

1988-01-01

Commenting on Boskin's article "Observations on the Use of Textbooks in the Teaching of Principles of Economics," Case discusses the debate surrounding the sequence of principles courses and the content deemed necessary for corresponding textbooks. Case agrees with Boskin that key concepts should have more emphasis and concludes that…

Learning Cultures in Travel and Tourism: A Critique of Manuela du Bois-Reymond's Trendsetter Learner Thesis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morrison, Andrew

2011-01-01

This article aims to contribute to the discussion surrounding Manuela du Bois-Reymond's important "trendsetter learner" thesis and, in so doing, to join the wider debate about post-compulsory learning cultures. The article outlines the trendsetter learner thesis and then considers recent criticisms that it has attracted. While the author…

Learning about a Fish from an ANT: Actor Network Theory and Science Education in the Postgenomic Era

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pierce, Clayton

2015-01-01

This article uses actor network theory (ANT) to develop a more appropriate model of scientific literacy for students, teachers, and citizens in a society increasingly populated with biotechnological and bioscientific nonhumans. In so doing, I take the recent debate surrounding the first genetically engineered animal food product under review by…

From "Hope & Glory" to "Waterloo Road:" Mediating Discourses of "Crises" Surrounding Schools and Schooling in British Television Drama, 1999-2011

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blake, Anthony; Edwards, Gail

2013-01-01

Popular television drama is an important discursive site engaging the public with debates about schooling and professional identity. Between 1999 and 2011, external discourses of "crisis" (of academic achievement or students' mental and emotional health) were mediated as alternative discourses of "crisis, failure, and…

The Relevance of Second Language Acquisition Theory to the Written Error Correction Debate

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Polio, Charlene

2012-01-01

The controversies surrounding written error correction can be traced to Truscott (1996) in his polemic against written error correction. He claimed that empirical studies showed that error correction was ineffective and that this was to be expected "given the nature of the correction process and "the nature of language learning" (p. 328, emphasis…

Swimming against the Tide: Boys, Literacies, and Schooling--An Australian Story

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alloway, Nola

2007-01-01

This article focuses on issues related to boys, literacies, and schooling as played out in the Australian context. It reflects on the swathe of populist discourse centring on boys, and on literacy, that drives a potentially divisive education agenda. In providing more nuanced analyses of the debates surrounding the disputed territory of boys,…

English as a Lingua Franca: Ontology and Ideology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sewell, Andrew

2013-01-01

This article examines certain aspects of the debate surrounding English as a Lingua Franca (ELF). It argues that in some ways, neither ELF nor its opponents have come to terms with the complexities of English in a globalized world. By defining ELF according to how it differs from native-speaker language use, ELF researchers have tended to…

Teaching "United States v. Windsor": The Defense of Marriage Act and Its Constitutional Implications

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ciocchetti, Corey

2014-01-01

This article represents background material that can be used e along with the "United States v. Windsor" case to teach Constitutional Law (particularly federalism, due process, and equal protection) and the legal debate surrounding same-sex marriage in America. Professors may assign it as background reading before or after a…

Problematic Transitions from School to Employment: Freeters and NEETs in Japan and Germany

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pilz, Matthias; Schmidt-Altmann, Kirsten; Eswein, Mikiko

2015-01-01

In the international debate surrounding transitions from school to employment, Japan and Germany are regularly cited as examples of success. This article draws on the Japanese concepts represented by two problematic groups--freeters and NEETs--to demonstrate that over recent years, young people in both countries have also been facing serious…

The Krümmel (Germany) Childhood Leukaemia Cluster: a review and update.

PubMed

Grosche, B; Kaatsch, P; Heinzow, B; Wichmann, H-E

2017-12-01

The debate surrounding possible adverse health effects from the civil use of nuclear power under normal operating conditions has been on-going since its introduction. It was particularly intensified by the detection of three leukaemia clusters near nuclear installations, i.e. near the reprocessing plants in Sellafield and Dounreay, UK, and near the Krümmel nuclear power plant, Germany, the last of which commenced between 1990 and 1991 and was first described in 1992; it continued until 2003, and an elevated risk up to 2005 has been reported in the literature. A number of expert commissions and working groups were set up by the governments of the German federal states of Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein to investigate the possible causes of the cluster. An overview of the many risk factors that were investigated as a possible explanation of the Krümmel cluster is given here, focussing on radiation, but also including other risk factors. Further, results from related epidemiological and cytogenetic studies are described. In summary, the cause of the occurrence of the Krümmel cluster has to be considered as unknown. Further research on the causes of childhood leukaemia is needed, focussing on epigenetics and on gene-environment interaction. An update of the leukaemia incidence around the Krümmel site shows that the incidence rates are now comparable to the average rate in Germany.

Marine Fouling Assemblages on Offshore Gas Platforms in the Southern North Sea: Effects of Depth and Distance from Shore on Biodiversity.

PubMed

van der Stap, Tim; Coolen, Joop W P; Lindeboom, Han J

2016-01-01

Offshore platforms are known to act as artificial reefs, though there is on-going debate on whether this effect is beneficial or harmful for the life in the surrounding marine environment. Knowing what species exist on and around the offshore platforms and what environmental variables influence this species assemblage is crucial for a better understanding of the impact of offshore platforms on marine life. Information on this is limited for offshore platforms in the southern North Sea. This study aims to fill this gap in our knowledge and to determine how the composition and the abundance of species assemblages changes with depth and along a distance-from-shore gradient. The species assemblages on five offshore gas platforms in the southern North Sea have been inventoried using Remotely Operated Vehicles inspection footage. A total of 30 taxa were identified. A Generalised Additive Model of the species richness showed a significant non-linear relation with water depth (p = 0.001): from a low richness in shallow waters it increases with depth until 15-20 m, after which richness decreases again. Using PERMANOVA, water depth (p≤0.001), community age (p≤0.001) and the interaction between distance from shore and community age (p≤0.001) showed a significant effect on the species assemblages. Future research should focus on the effect additional environmental variables have on the species assemblages.

Phonological deficits in specific language impairment and developmental dyslexia: towards a multidimensional model

PubMed Central

Ramus, Franck; Marshall, Chloe R.; Rosen, Stuart

2013-01-01

An on-going debate surrounds the relationship between specific language impairment and developmental dyslexia, in particular with respect to their phonological abilities. Are these distinct disorders? To what extent do they overlap? Which cognitive and linguistic profiles correspond to specific language impairment, dyslexia and comorbid cases? At least three different models have been proposed: the severity model, the additional deficit model and the component model. We address this issue by comparing children with specific language impairment only, those with dyslexia-only, those with specific language impairment and dyslexia and those with no impairment, using a broad test battery of language skills. We find that specific language impairment and dyslexia do not always co-occur, and that some children with specific language impairment do not have a phonological deficit. Using factor analysis, we find that language abilities across the four groups of children have at least three independent sources of variance: one for non-phonological language skills and two for distinct sets of phonological abilities (which we term phonological skills versus phonological representations). Furthermore, children with specific language impairment and dyslexia show partly distinct profiles of phonological deficit along these two dimensions. We conclude that a multiple-component model of language abilities best explains the relationship between specific language impairment and dyslexia and the different profiles of impairment that are observed. PMID:23413264

A craniometric perspective on the transition to agriculture in Europe.

PubMed

Pinhasi, Ron; von Cramon-Taubadel, Noreen

2012-02-01

Debates surrounding the nature of the Neolithic demographic transition in Europe have historically centered on two opposing models: a "demic" diffusion model whereby incoming farmers from the Near East and Anatolia effectively replaced or completely assimilated indigenous Mesolithic foraging communities, and an "indigenist" model resting on the assumption that ideas relating to agriculture and animal domestication diffused from the Near East but with little or no gene flow. The extreme versions of these dichotomous models were heavily contested primarily on the basis of archeological and modern genetic data. However, in recent years a growing acceptance has arisen of the likelihood that both processes were ongoing throughout the Neolithic transition and that a more complex, regional approach is required to fully understand the change from a foraging to a primarily agricultural mode of subsistence in Europe. Craniometric data were particularly useful for testing these more complex scenarios, as they can reliably be employed as a proxy for the genetic relationships among Mesolithic and Neolithic populations. In contrast, modern genetic data assume that modern European populations accurately reflect the genetic structure of Europe at the time of the Neolithic transition, while ancient DNA data are still not geographically or temporally detailed enough to test continent-wide processes. Here, with particular emphasis on the role of craniometric analyses, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the cultural and biological nature of the Neolithic transition in Europe.

The Greatest Right of Them All: The Debate on the Right to Petition in the Netherlands from the Dutch Republic to the Kingdom (c. 1750-1830).

PubMed

Oddens, Joris

2017-10-01

Between 1750 and 1830 the Dutch state developed from an oligarchic republic into an enlightened autocratic monarchy via a brief experiment with representative democracy. During this period, there was an ongoing debate about the right to petition. Political actors and opinion-makers addressed the questions to what and to whom this right extended, and what it meant to have such a right. While theorists of the different types of government had sharply contrasting views on the place of the people in the political process, ideas about petitioning, which throughout the period under discussion remained the principal instrument for popular involvement in politics, stayed remarkably stable. Through an investigation of the debate on the right to petition in the crucial transitional phase from the Dutch Republic to the Kingdom of the Netherlands, this article contributes to bridging the divide between petition research of the early modern period and that of the modern era.

'The medical' and 'health' in a critical medical humanities.

PubMed

Atkinson, Sarah; Evans, Bethan; Woods, Angela; Kearns, Robin

2015-03-01

As befits an emerging field of enquiry, there is on-going discussion about the scope, role and future of the medical humanities. One relatively recent contribution to this debate proposes a differentiation of the field into two distinct terrains, 'medical humanities' and 'health humanities,' and calls for a supersession of the former by the latter. In this paper, we revisit the conceptual underpinnings for a distinction between 'the medical' and 'health' by looking at the history of an analogous debate between 'medical geography' and 'the geographies of health' that has, over the last few years, witnessed a re-blurring of the distinction. Highlighting the value of this debate within the social sciences for the future development of the medical humanities, we call for scholars to take seriously the challenges of critical and cultural theory, community-based arts and health, and the counter-cultural creative practices and strategies of activist movements in order to meet the new research challenges and fulfill the radical potential of a critical medical humanities.

The Greatest Right of Them All: The Debate on the Right to Petition in the Netherlands from the Dutch Republic to the Kingdom (c. 1750–1830)

PubMed Central

Oddens, Joris

2017-01-01

Between 1750 and 1830 the Dutch state developed from an oligarchic republic into an enlightened autocratic monarchy via a brief experiment with representative democracy. During this period, there was an ongoing debate about the right to petition. Political actors and opinion-makers addressed the questions to what and to whom this right extended, and what it meant to have such a right. While theorists of the different types of government had sharply contrasting views on the place of the people in the political process, ideas about petitioning, which throughout the period under discussion remained the principal instrument for popular involvement in politics, stayed remarkably stable. Through an investigation of the debate on the right to petition in the crucial transitional phase from the Dutch Republic to the Kingdom of the Netherlands, this article contributes to bridging the divide between petition research of the early modern period and that of the modern era. PMID:29527085

Do genetically modified crops affect animal reproduction? A review of the ongoing debate.

PubMed

Zhang, W; Shi, F

2011-05-01

In the past few years, genetically modified (GM) crops aimed at producing food/feed that became part of the regular agriculture in many areas of the world. However, we are uncertain whether GM food and feed can exert potential adverse effects on humans or animals. Of importance, the reproductive toxicology of GM crops has been studied using a number of methods, and by feeding GM crops to a number species of animals to ensure the safety assessment of GM food and feed. It appears that there are no adverse effects of GM crops on many species of animals in acute and short-term feeding studies, but serious debates of effects of long-term and multigenerational feeding studies remain. The aims of this review are to focus on the latest (last 3 to 4 years) findings and debates on reproduction of male and female animals after feeding daily diets containing the GM crops, and to present the possible mechanism(s) to explain their influences.

Debated agronomy: public discourse and the future of biotechnology policy in Ghana.

PubMed

Braimah, Joseph A; Atuoye, Kilian N; Vercillo, Siera; Warring, Carrie; Luginaah, Isaac

2017-01-01

This paper examines the highly contested and ongoing biotechnology (Bt) policy-making process in Ghana. We analyse media content on how Bt is viewed in the context of Ghana's parliamentary debate on the Plant Breeders Bill and within the broader public policy-making literature. This paper does not seek to take a position on Bt or the Bill, but to understand how policy actors influence the debate with political and scientific rhetoric in Ghana. The study reveals that in the midst of scientific uncertainties of Bt's potential for sustainable agriculture production and food security, policy decisions that encourage its future adoption are heavily influenced by health, scientific, economic, environmental and political factors dictated by different ideologies, values and norms. While locally pioneered plant breeding is visible and common in the Ghanaian food chain, plant breeding/GMOs/Bt from international corporations is strongly resisted by anti-GMO coalitions. Understanding the complex and messy nature of Bt policy-making is critical for future development of agricultural technology in Ghana and elsewhere.

The Gibraltar subduction: A decade of new geophysical data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gutscher, M.-A.; Dominguez, S.; Westbrook, G. K.; Le Roy, P.; Rosas, F.; Duarte, J. C.; Terrinha, P.; Miranda, J. M.; Graindorge, D.; Gailler, A.; Sallares, V.; Bartolome, R.

2012-10-01

The Gibraltar arc, spans a complex portion of the Africa-Eurasia plate boundary marked by slow oblique convergence and intermediate and deep focus seismicity. The seemingly contradictory observations of a young extensional marine basin surrounded by an arcuate fold-and-thrust belt, have led to competing geodynamic models (delamination and subduction). Geophysical data acquired in the past decade provide a test for these models and support a narrow east-dipping, subduction zone. Seismic refraction studies indicate oceanic crust below the western Gulf of Cadiz. Tomography of the upper mantle reveals a steep, east-dipping high P-wave velocity body, beneath Gibraltar. The anisotropic mantle fabric from SKS splitting shows arc-parallel "fast directions", consistent with toroidal flow around a narrow, westward retreating subducting slab. The accompanying WSW advance of the Rif-Betic mountain belt has constructed a thick pile of deformed sediments, an accretionary wedge, characterized by west-vergent thrust anticlines. Bathymetric swath-mapping images an asymmetric embayment at the deformation front where a 2 km high basement ridge has collided. Subduction has slowed significantly since 5 Ma, but deformation of recent sediments and abundant mud volcanoes suggest ongoing activity in the accretionary wedge. Three possible origins for this deformation are discussed; gravitational spreading, overall NW-SE convergence between Africa and Iberia and finally a WSW tectonic push from slow, but ongoing roll-back subduction. In the absence of arc volcanism and shallow dipping thrust type earthquakes, evidence in favor of present-day subduction can only be indirect and remains the object of debate. Continued activity of the subduction offers a possible explanation for great (M > 8.5) earthquakes known to affect the area, like the famous 1755 Great Lisbon earthquake. Recent GPS studies show SW motion of stations in N Morocco at velocities of 3-6 mm/yr indicating the presence of an independent block, a "Rif-Betic-Alboran" microplate, situated between Iberia and Africa.

Helicopter Dropping of 50 Free Allopathic Medicines; Prescribed by Homoeopathic Doctors at Ground: Sorry this is not Universal Health Coverage

PubMed Central

Kumar, Raman

2014-01-01

The provision of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) is being discussed in India. Crippled by the charges of corruption and unethical practice by media and public at large, medical professionals are largely unaware, disinterested, isolated and edged out from this debate. The traditional general practitioner is a dying breed and deficiency of doctors willing to work in community settings is rampant. Is UHC model proposed in present form good for an ordinary Indian citizen? This editorial looks into the underlying politics of health care in India in the past and how this ongoing debate could impact the future of primary care and health care of people in India. PMID:25161961

Joint Force Quarterly (Issue 71, 4th Quarter, October 2013)

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

for a better future and two perspectives in the on-going debate on missile defense in Europe. Drawing on...commended the students for their critical thinking skills and writing talent. In the winning Secretary of Defense essay, Colonel Jonathan Rice...Leadership: Priorities for 21st Century Defense T he Nation and its allies face a strategic turning point that necessitates the optimization of joint and

How Do You Do What You Do? Examining the Development of Quality Teaching in Using GCA in PETE Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Forrest, Gregory John; Wright, Jan; Pearson, Phil

2012-01-01

Background: The move for educational reform to improve student outcomes and learning has been the subject of ongoing debate over the last 15 years in Australia and internationally. In Australia, Game Centred Approaches (GCA) such as Game Sense have been positioned by advocates as having the capacity to achieve these characteristics in physical…

Impacts on non-human biota from a generic geological disposal facility for radioactive waste: some key assessment issues.

PubMed

Robinson, C A; Smith, K L; Norris, S

2010-06-01

This paper provides an overview of key issues associated with the application of currently available biota dose assessment methods to consideration of potential environmental impacts from geological disposal facilities. It explores philosophical, methodological and practical assessment issues and reviews the implications of test assessment results in the context of recent and on-going challenges and debates.

When Globalization Causes Cultural Conflict: Leadership in the Context of an Egyptian/ American School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barakat, Maysaa; Brooks, Jeffrey S.

2016-01-01

There is ongoing debate about the benefits and dangers of globalization in education, yet it is not always clear how these dynamics manifest at the school level. Moreover, it is often unclear how leaders shape or respond to these dynamics in their day-to-day practice. This case highlights issues related to school culture and globalization as a…

Increasing Student Communication and Spontaneous Language Use in the L2 Classroom: A Careful Consideration of the Flipped Classroom Model

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bachelor, Jeremy W.

2017-01-01

There is an ongoing debate among L2 educators regarding the best way for students to achieve effective communication and language spontaneity. The flipped classroom refers to an educational model where the traditional practice of dedicating class time to direct instruction is flipped so that students receive initial instruction at home and then…

Public Opinion on Merit Pay: Self Interest vs. Symbolic Politics. Program on Education Policy and Governance Working Papers Series. PEPG 10-05

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Howell, William G.; Henderson, Michael

2010-01-01

Merit pay initiatives transparently alter the teaching profession and goings-on within classrooms, and thereby promise to stoke the self-interests of the two most prominent stakeholders in public education: teachers and parents. This memo summarizes the authors' ongoing efforts to empirically evaluate the extent to which public debates about merit…

One Step Forward, One Step Beck: A Contribution to the Ongoing Conceptual Debate in Youth Studies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roberts, Steven

2012-01-01

In a time of rapid and unprecedented social change, the concepts we use to make sense of the ways in which young people understand and interact with the world are very much under the microscope. Some researchers argue that we need to reinvigorate our conceptual repertoire, while others argue that our theoretical tool box still has the capacity to…

What Is (the Point of) an Entrepreneur in Residence? The Lancaster University Experience, with Some Worldwide Comparisons

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

George, Magnus; Gordon, Ian; Hamilton, Eleanor

2010-01-01

The teaching of entrepreneurship as an academic subject, as opposed to the apprenticeship route, is the subject of ongoing debate. The authors suggest that there is a middle road and that, by integrating the business world into teaching in a significant way, the best of both approaches can be achieved. In a similar vein, the credibility of some…

Social Network Data Validity: The Example of the Social Network of Caregivers of Older Persons with Alzheimer-Type Dementia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carpentier, Normand

2007-01-01

This article offers reflection on the validity of relational data such as used in social network analysis. Ongoing research on the transformation of the support network of caregivers of persons with an Alzheimer-type disease provides the data to fuel the debate on the validity of participant report. More specifically, we sought to understand the…

From Vocational Education to Career Readiness: The Ongoing Work of Linking Education and the Labor Market

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dougherty, Shaun M.; Lombardi, Allison R.

2016-01-01

A long-standing debate has been waged over the past century or more about the purpose of education. Is the primary purpose to provide for the general edification of the individual, or must education have a pragmatic application that relates to one's intended role in the workforce? Public education's focus on these ends has evolved over time, often…

The actual scaling of a nominally third-order Reynolds stress

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Krommes, J. A., E-mail: krommes@princeton.edu; Hammett, G. W., E-mail: hammett@princeton.edu

2014-05-15

It is shown that a particular higher-order Reynolds stress arising from a term in the third-order gyrokinetic Hamiltonian is smaller than it nominally appears to be. However, it does not follow that all third-order terms are unimportant. The discussion is relevant to the ongoing debate about the importance of higher-order terms in the gyrokinetic theory of momentum transport.

Post-2015 Education Recommendations of the High-Level Panel: Joint Comments of the Basic Education Coalition and the Global Campaign for Education-US

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Revaz, Cris; Gragert, Edwin H.

2013-01-01

As part of the ongoing planning and debate around the next set of global development goals to replace the expiring Millennium Development Goals, in July 2012 the UN Secretary General commissioned "a high level panel of eminent persons" from 27 countries to make recommendations on the development agenda beyond 2015. After conducting…

Place of the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation in System of Bodies Involved in Criminal Prosecution

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grebennikov, Valeriy V.; Sangadzhiev, Badma V.; Vinogradova, Elena V.

2016-01-01

The relevance of the study to the problem of determining the place of prosecutors in the system of state bodies carrying out criminal prosecution, is determined, firstly, by the ongoing scientific debates and lack of consensus about the nature of the Prosecutor's office, the place and role of prosecutorial supervision in the structure of the…

"Why Are These Underlined?" Depth of Processing and Type of Written Corrective Feedback in L2 Spanish Compositions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Caras, Allison Marie

2017-01-01

There is an ongoing debate as to whether written corrective feedback (WCF) is effective for the improvement of adult second language (L2) writers' accuracy. Ever since Truscott (1996, 1999) began arguing against grammar correction in L2 writing courses, researchers have challenged his position (i.e. below). Although most of these studies show WCF…

If Only "A Rose by Any Other Name Would Smell as Sweet": A Systematic Review on the Impact of Youth Work for Young People

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mundy-McPherson, Stuart; Fouche, Christa; Elliot, Kim

2012-01-01

Background: Internationally there is an increasing commitment and investment to support the provision of youth work services and ongoing debate on youth worker effectiveness. However, the evidence of the impact of youth work is currently limited and disjointed. Objective: This article reports on and critically considers the results of a systematic…

Is there a genotype-phenotype correlation in primary hyperoxaluria type 1?

PubMed

Beck, B B; Hoppe, B

2006-09-01

There is ongoing debate about a genotype-phenotype correlation in patients with primary hyperoxaluria type 1 and specific AGXT mutations. However, other determinants like environmental factors or modifer genes may play a pivotal role in the heterogeneity of the disease. The report of Lorenzo and co-workers highlights this situation, presenting data of a whole population with just one specific AGXT mutation.

The Opinions of Music Education Students about 20th and 21st Centuries Classical Music: Uludag University Exemplification

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sakin, Ajda Senol

2016-01-01

The debates of music historians, composers, and performers on difficulties in understanding the 20th and 21st Centuries international classical music and the reasons have been ongoing for years. The opinions of music education students on this matter and their interests in music of these periods are a matter of curiosity. With this research,…

Colombia: Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-09-12

Demobilization Ruling Thwarts Future Abuses,” July 19, 2006; “ Gobierno colombiano abrirá debate público sobre decretos reglamentarios de ley de ...ongoing scandal concerning past government ties to illegal paramilitary groups. Uribe’s popularity soared after Colombia’s March 2008 raid of a FARC camp...investigation for possible paramilitary ties . On July 28, 2008, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice issued a certification to Congress asserting that the

Transition from Higher Education to Work: Are Master Graduates Increasingly Over-Educated for Their Jobs?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Støren, Anne Liv; Wiers-Jenssen, Jannecke

2016-01-01

In this paper we address the transition from higher education to work among graduates with a master's degree, with a particular focus on over-education. We relate to an ongoing debate on whether too many students undertake a master's degree, and the consequences a surplus of graduates may have. Our data show that the transition from higher…

A Content Analysis of the Family Structure in Children's Literature for the Periods between 1955-1970 and 1980-1995.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gallo, Erminia Mina

A study examined how the family structure has changed over time in contemporary realistic children's literature for middle readers. There is an ongoing debate in this country about what defines a family and whether it is in transformation or becoming extinct. Since 1960 there is evidence that the family structure has changed. The books selected in…

The Appropriateness of Scratch and App Inventor as Educational Environments for Teaching Introductory Programming in Primary and Secondary Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Papadakis, Stamatios; Kalogiannakis, Michail; Orfanakis, Vasileios; Zaranis, Nicholas

2017-01-01

Teaching programming is a complex task. The task is even more challenging for introductory modules. There is an ongoing debate in the teaching community over the best approach to teaching introductory programming. Visual block-based programming environments allow school students to create their own programs in ways that are more accessible than in…

On the Myth and the Reality of the Temporal Validity Degradation of General Mental Ability Test Scores

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reeve, Charlie L.; Bonaccio, Silvia

2011-01-01

Claims of changes in the validity coefficients associated with general mental ability (GMA) tests due to the passage of time (i.e., temporal validity degradation) have been the focus of an on-going debate in applied psychology. To evaluate whether and, if so, under what conditions this degradation may occur, we integrate evidence from multiple…

Student-Teachers' Beliefs on the Use of L1 in EFL Classroom: A Global Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shabir, Muhammad

2017-01-01

This study examines the English language student-teachers' beliefs about the use of L1 in EFL classroom across the world in the context of ongoing debate among researchers and practitioners whether or not L1 should be used to teach English in ESL or EFL context. This research investigates the opinion of teachers and their reflection upon their…

The Dispute over Nuclear Fission.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sime, Ruth Lewin

1996-01-01

Reveals the stormy relationship and ongoing controversy surrounding the scientific collaboration of Otto Hahn and Lise Meitner. Discusses the controversial 1944 Nobel Prize award to Hahn (ignoring the equal contribution of Meitner), the reaction of the scientific community, and the post-war years of both Meitner and Hahn. (MJP)

Sex Differences in the Right Tail of Cognitive Abilities: A 30 Year Examination

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wai, Jonathan; Cacchio, Megan; Putallaz, Martha; Makel, Matthew C.

2010-01-01

One factor in the debate surrounding the underrepresentation of women in science technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) involves male-female mathematical ability differences in the extreme right tail (top 1% in ability). The present study provides male-female ability ratios from over 1.6 million 7th grade students in the right tail (top 5%…

"Snapshots" of the Classroom: Autobiographies and the Experience of Elementary Education in the Madras Presidency, 1882-1947

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ellis, Catriona

2011-01-01

This article looks at the remembered experiences of children who went to school in the late colonial period and examines the extent to which these memories relate to the official literature of the time and the historiographical debates surrounding education. The precise focus is memories of formal elementary education in the Madras Presidency…

The Question of Residential Schools in Canada: Preserve, Demolish, or Repurpose?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boffa, Adriana

2017-01-01

With public debates surrounding the removal of historical monuments in Canada (e.g., statues of, or schools named after, John A. Macdonald) and the United States (e.g., Confederate monuments), at times the voices of those who are most directly affected by their presence can be either drowned out or left out of the conversation entirely. It seems…

Beyond the Humanism/Posthumanism Debate: The Educational Implications of Said's Critical, Humane Praxis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chatelier, Stephen

2017-01-01

The late Edward Said sought to place critique and, indeed, self-critique at the heart of humanism. While the posthuman critiques surrounding the (im)possibility of humanism in postmodern times tend to focus on human autonomy, rationality, and essentialism, Stephen Chatelier here explores the idea that Said's writing on humanism could help us shift…

How Are Teachers Integrating Technology in K-5 Classrooms? Studying Student Cognitive Engagement Using the Instructional Practices Inventory-Technology (IPI-T) Instrument

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dennis, Larinee B.

2013-01-01

"It is often assumed that changing the classroom by introducing technology will result in better teaching and increased student motivation, which ultimately means more effective student learning experiences" (Donovan, Green, & Hartley, 2010, p. 423). But does it? This is the controversy and debate that surrounds the promise and…

Facing the Future: The Two-Year College, the Technician & the Entrepreneur. An International Symposium. Report from the Conference (Orlando, Florida, 1996).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Regional Technology Strategies, Inc., Carrboro, NC.

This document reports on the proceedings of an international 2-day conference in Orlando, Florida that was supported by the National Science Foundation. At the conference, practitioners, employers, policymakers, and researchers raised and debated issues surrounding two-year colleges. The themes of the conference reflected increasing demands by…

Discursive Dancing: Traditionalism and Social Realism in the 2013 English History Curriculum Wars

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Joseph

2017-01-01

This paper is an exploration of the debates surrounding the publication of a new National Curriculum for history in England. The draft curriculum was published in February 2013 and was withdrawn just 6 months later in the face of considerable opposition. This paper offers a tentative explanation for this example of a rare phenomenon: effective…

Reading at the Front: Books and Soldiers in the First World War

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sutcliffe, Marcella P.

2016-01-01

This paper focuses on the reading and educational practices of common soldiers during the First World War. It argues that the question of how war libraries were imagined and constructed by civilians needs to be framed in the larger context of pre-war Edwardian debates surrounding the "value of books" in society. Indeed, it was within…

The Romance Quest of Education Reform: A Discourse Analysis of the Los Angeles Times' Reports on Value-Added Measurement Teacher Effectiveness

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gabriel, Rachael; Lester, Jessica Nina

2013-01-01

Background/Context: This paper illustrates how the media, particularly "The LA Times," entered the debate surrounding teacher evaluation, resulting in a storyline that shaped how the public perceives teacher effectiveness. With their series of articles in 2010, "The LA Times" entered the conversation about the place and value…

Heroes or thieves? The ethical grounds for lingering concerns about new conservation

Treesearch

Chelsea Batavia; Michael Paul Nelson

2016-01-01

After several years of intense debate surrounding so-called new conservation, there has been a general trend toward reconciliation among previously dissenting voices in the conservation community, a “more is more” mentality premised upon the belief that a greater diversity of conservation approaches will yield greater conservation benefits. However, there seems good...

Ensuring the Criminological Skills of the Next Generation: A Case Study on the Importance of Enhanced Quantitative Method Teaching Provision

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chamberlain, John Martyn

2017-01-01

Against the backdrop of contemporary debates surrounding the public role of criminology, this article argues that a key barrier to ensuring that the next generation of criminologists is equipped with the skills necessary to engage in critical forms of citizenship, is the quantitative "skills gap" that undergraduate students possess as a…

The Institutionalization of Universities' Third Mission: Introduction to the Special Issue

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pinheiro, Rómulo; Langa, Patricio V.; Pausits, Attila

2015-01-01

Globally, debates on the notion of a third set of activities aimed at linking higher education institutions more closely with surrounding society are not new. In the last decade or so, calls for a re-engagement of the university in helping to tackle the great challenges facing societies and local communities have propelled the third mission to the…

"Because Then You Could Never Ever Get a Job!": Children's Constructions of NAPLAN as High-Stakes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Howell, Angelique

2017-01-01

In the midst of the debate surrounding the question of whether Australia's National Assessment Program: Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) test is high-stakes, it is evident that children's own accounts of their experiences remain sparse. This paper describes the findings of a case study which documented the experiences of 105 children across two…

The Sex Education Debates: Teaching "Life Style" in West Bengal, India

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chakravarti, Paromita

2011-01-01

This paper examines the recent controversies surrounding the decision to introduce sex education in secondary schools in India to combat the rapid spread of HIV and AIDS in the country. While 11 Indian states have banned it, the Left-ruled state of West Bengal has designed a teachers' manual to impart sex education. However, a close analysis of…

The Politics of Teacher Reform in Florida: Analyzing Causal Narratives Surrounding State Adoption of Performance-Based Evaluations, Performance Pay, and Tenure Elimination

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harrison, Christopher; Cohen-Vogel, Lora

2012-01-01

Following a multiyear debate, Florida lawmakers passed the "Student Success Act" in March 2011, introducing some of the most sweeping educational reforms in the state's history--the introduction of teacher evaluation systems based on value-added modeling, mandatory "performance pay" for teachers, and the elimination of…

The Role of Single-Sex Education in the Academic Engagement of College-Bound Women: A Multilevel Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sax, Linda J.; Riggers, Tiffani A.; Eagan, M. Kevin

2013-01-01

Background/Context: As opportunities for public and private single-sex education have expanded, the debate surrounding this issue has become more heated. Recent reviews of research on single-sex education have concluded that the evidence is mixed, due in large part to the difficulty of attributing differences between single-sex and coeducational…

Nuclear Winter: Uncertainties Surround the Long-Term Effects of Nuclear War. Report to the Congress.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

General Accounting Office, Washington, DC.

Nuclear winter, a term used to describe potential long-term climate and environmental effects of nuclear war, has been a subject of debate and controversy. This report examines and presents scientific and policy implications of nuclear winter. Contents include: (1) an executive summary (highlighting previous and current studies on the topic); (2)…

The Wider Importance of Cadavers: Educational and Research Diversity from a Body Bequest Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cornwall, Jon; Stringer, Mark D.

2009-01-01

The debate surrounding the use of cadavers in teaching anatomy has focused almost exclusively on the pedagogic role of cadaver dissection in medical education. The aim of this study was to explore the wider aspects of a body bequest program for teaching and research into gross anatomy in a University setting. A retrospective audit was undertaken…

Tweeting nano: how public discourses about nanotechnology develop in social media environments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Runge, Kristin K.; Yeo, Sara K.; Cacciatore, Michael; Scheufele, Dietram A.; Brossard, Dominique; Xenos, Michael; Anderson, Ashley; Choi, Doo-hun; Kim, Jiyoun; Li, Nan; Liang, Xuan; Stubbings, Maria; Su, Leona Yi-Fan

2013-01-01

The growing popularity of social media as a channel for distributing and debating scientific information raises questions about the types of discourse that surround emerging technologies, such as nanotechnology, in online environments, as well as the different forms of information that audiences encounter when they use these online tools of information sharing. This study maps the landscape surrounding social media traffic about nanotechnology. Specifically, we use computational linguistic software to analyze a census of all English-language nanotechnology-related tweets expressing opinions posted on Twitter between September 1, 2010 and August 31, 2011. Results show that 55 % of tweets expressed certainty and 45 % expressed uncertainty. Twenty-seven percent of tweets expressed optimistic outlooks, 32 % expressed neutral outlooks and 41 % expressed pessimistic outlooks. Tweets were mapped by U.S. state, and our data show that tweets are more likely to originate from states with a federally funded National Nanotechnology Initiative center or network. The trend toward certainty in opinion coupled with the distinct geographic origins of much of the social media traffic on Twitter for nanotechnology-related opinion has significant implications for understanding how key online influencers are debating and positioning the issue of nanotechnology for lay and policy audiences.

Post-Reciprocity: In Defense of the "Post" Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Martha

2009-01-01

In the ongoing dialogue surrounding the project and facilitation of education abroad, several articles and presentations have positioned the conversation in the context of Western colonial history and the behaviors of the colonial traveler. Quite appropriately, such discussions have sought to raise consciousness in regard to the danger of modeling…

Towards a richer debate on tissue engineering: a consideration on the basis of NEST-ethics.

PubMed

Oerlemans, A J M; van Hoek, M E C; van Leeuwen, E; van der Burg, S; Dekkers, W J M

2013-09-01

In their 2007 paper, Swierstra and Rip identify characteristic tropes and patterns of moral argumentation in the debate about the ethics of new and emerging science and technologies (or "NEST-ethics"). Taking their NEST-ethics structure as a starting point, we considered the debate about tissue engineering (TE), and argue what aspects we think ought to be a part of a rich and high-quality debate of TE. The debate surrounding TE seems to be predominantly a debate among experts. When considering the NEST-ethics arguments that deal directly with technology, we can generally conclude that consequentialist arguments are by far the most prominently featured in discussions of TE. In addition, many papers discuss principles, rights and duties relevant to aspects of TE, both in a positive and in a critical sense. Justice arguments are only sporadically made, some "good life" arguments are used, others less so (such as the explicit articulation of perceived limits, or the technology as a technological fix for a social problem). Missing topics in the discussion, at least from the perspective of NEST-ethics, are second "level" arguments-those referring to techno-moral change connected to tissue engineering. Currently, the discussion about tissue engineering mostly focuses on its so-called "hard impacts"-quantifiable risks and benefits of the technology. Its "soft impacts"-effects that cannot easily be quantified, such as changes to experience, habits and perceptions, should receive more attention.

Petrologic insights into basaltic volcanism at historically active Hawaiian volcanoes: Chapter 6 in Characteristics of Hawaiian volcanoes

USGS Publications Warehouse

Helz, Rosalind L.; Clague, David A.; Sisson, Thomas W.; Thornber, Carl R.; Poland, Michael P.; Takahashi, T. Jane; Landowski, Claire M.

2014-01-01

Contributions to our knowledge of the nature of the mantle source(s) of Hawaiian basalts are reviewed briefly, although this is a topic where debate is ongoing. Finally, our accumulated petrologic observations impose constraints on the nature of the summit reservoirs at Kīlauea and Mauna Loa, specifically whether the summit chamber has been continuous or segmented during past decades.

How Strategic Use of L1 in an L2-Medium Mathematics Classroom Facilitates L2 Interaction and Comprehension

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tavares, Nicole Judith

2015-01-01

There has been an increasing interest in and hence a growing number of research studies on content and language integrated learning (CLIL) over the past two decades. One of the on-going debates in CLIL is on bilingualism versus monolingualism, or the role of the first language (L1) in subject teaching. So far, very few research projects have been…

Assessing the environmental performance of biomass supply chains: Methods, results, challenges and limitations

Treesearch

Jorg Schweinle; Anne Rodl; Pal Borjesson; Daniel G. Neary; Johannes W.A. Langeveld; Goran Berndes; Annette Cowie; Serina Ahlgren; Manuele Margni; Caroline Gaudreault; Jake Verschuyl; T. Bently Wigley; Kirsten Vice; Brian Titus

2015-01-01

The on-going public debate on sustainability of bioenergy began in 2007 and 2008 after a couple of papers were published questioning the reported N2O emissions caused by cultivation of agricultural crops (Crutzen et al., 2007) and the carbon neutrality of biomass use (Searchinger et al., 2008) due to direct and indirect land use change as well as change of carbon...

W.E.B. Du Bois and Filipino/a American Exposure Programs to the Philippines: Race Class Analysis in an Epoch of "Global Apartheid"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Viola, Michael Joseph

2016-01-01

The article highlights the ongoing relevance of W.E.B. Du Bois for the global analysis of race and class. Engaging scholarly debates that have ensued within the educational subfields of critical race theory (CRT) and (revolutionary) critical pedagogy, the article explores how a deeper engagement with Du Bois's ideas contributes theoretically and…

Intervening to Reduce Suicide Risk in Veterans with Substance Use Disorders

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-01-01

369,576 Medical Marijuana : Longitudinal Trajectories in Use, Pain and Functioning With the ongoing policy debate and the growing popularity of...medical marijuana programs in the United States, it is essential to understand the ramifications of medical marijuana use for individuals who seek...access to it. The proposed study will identify a cohort of 800 individuals who are seeking to obtain medical marijuana and examine their substance use

Impact of General Chemistry on Student Achievement and Progression to Subsequent Chemistry Courses: A Regression Discontinuity Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shultz, Ginger V.; Gottfried, Amy C.; Winschel, Grace A.

2015-01-01

General chemistry is a gateway course that impacts the STEM trajectory of tens of thousands of students each year, and its role in the introductory curriculum as well as its pedagogical design are the center of an ongoing debate. To investigate the role of general chemistry in the curriculum, we report the results of a posthoc analysis of 10 years…

Legislation on ethical issues: towards an interactive paradigm.

PubMed

van der Berg, W; Brom, F W A

2000-03-01

In this article, we sketch a new approach to law and ethics. The traditional paradigm, exemplified in the debate on liberal moralism, becomes increasingly inadequate. Its basic assumptions are that there are clear moral norms of positive or critical morality, and that making statutory norms is an effective methods to have citizens conform to those norms. However, for many ethical issues that are on the legislative agenda, e.g. with respect to bioethics and anti-discrimination law, the moral norms are controversial, vague or still evolving. Moreover, law proves not to be a very effective instrument. Therefore, we need a new paradigm, both for descriptive and for normative analysis. This interactive paradigm, as a normative position, can be summarised in two theses. The process of legislation on ethical issues should be structured as a process of interaction between the legislature and society, or relevant sectors of society, so that the development of new moral norms and the development of new legal norms may reinforce each other. And legislation on ethical issues should be designed in such a way that it is an effective form of communication which, moreover, facilitates an ongoing moral debate and an ongoing reflection of such issues, because this is the best method to ensure that the practice remains oriented to the ideals and values the law tries to realise.

The ethics of paediatric anti-depressant use: erring on the side of caution.

PubMed

Shearer, M C; Bermingham, S L

2008-10-01

This paper aims to outline the ethical concerns regarding the use of antidepressant medication in children and adolescents. Recent debates surrounding this issue have focused on the link between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor use and an increased risk of suicidal thinking/behaviour, and weighed that against the benefit of the alleviation of depressive symptoms. It is argued here that such an approach is simplistic. There are several serious risks surrounding antidepressant use in the young that ought to be included in the equation, along with a consideration of the neuroethical concerns surrounding pharmacotherapy for affective disorders. Using the precautionary principle as a framework for analysis it is concluded that the risks are sufficiently serious and plausible that the prescribing of antidepressant medication to the young ought to be severely restricted; further it is imperative that the child and their parents are made fully aware of the risks, short-term and long-term, involved.

Masking of Figure-Ground Texture and Single Targets by Surround Inhibition: A Computational Spiking Model

PubMed Central

Supèr, Hans; Romeo, August

2012-01-01

A visual stimulus can be made invisible, i.e. masked, by the presentation of a second stimulus. In the sensory cortex, neural responses to a masked stimulus are suppressed, yet how this suppression comes about is still debated. Inhibitory models explain masking by asserting that the mask exerts an inhibitory influence on the responses of a neuron evoked by the target. However, other models argue that the masking interferes with recurrent or reentrant processing. Using computer modeling, we show that surround inhibition evoked by ON and OFF responses to the mask suppresses the responses to a briefly presented stimulus in forward and backward masking paradigms. Our model results resemble several previously described psychophysical and neurophysiological findings in perceptual masking experiments and are in line with earlier theoretical descriptions of masking. We suggest that precise spatiotemporal influence of surround inhibition is relevant for visual detection. PMID:22393370

Subliminal stimuli modulate somatosensory perception rhythmically and provide evidence for discrete perception

PubMed Central

Baumgarten, Thomas J.; Königs, Sara; Schnitzler, Alfons; Lange, Joachim

2017-01-01

Despite being experienced as continuous, there is an ongoing debate if perception is an intrinsically discrete process, with incoming sensory information treated as a succession of single perceptual cycles. Here, we provide causal evidence that somatosensory perception is composed of discrete perceptual cycles. We used in humans an electrotactile temporal discrimination task preceded by a subliminal (i.e., below perceptual threshold) stimulus. Although not consciously perceived, subliminal stimuli are known to elicit neuronal activity in early sensory areas and modulate the phase of ongoing neuronal oscillations. We hypothesized that the subliminal stimulus indirectly, but systematically modulates the ongoing oscillatory phase in S1, thereby rhythmically shaping perception. The present results confirm that, without being consciously perceived, the subliminal stimulus critically influenced perception in the discrimination task. Importantly, perception was modulated rhythmically, in cycles corresponding to the beta-band (13–18 Hz). This can be compellingly explained by a model of discrete perceptual cycles. PMID:28276493

Lessons in Biopolitics and Agency: Agamben on Addiction.

PubMed

Snoek, Anke; Fry, Craig L

2015-01-01

The concepts of 'biopolitics' and 'naked life' have become increasingly relevant in the debate on substance dependency due to the growing prominence of neuroscience in defining the nature of addiction and its threat to agency. However, these concepts are not necessarily well understood, and therefore may lead to oversight rather than insight. In this article we review the literature on Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben, whose founding works on both concepts shed a different light on addiction. We argue that the current debate is missing a key insight from Agamben's work: the idea of agency past the subject, of agency past identity. We will illustrate how this can be an important form of agency against the stigmatization of users, making use of empirical data from our ongoing work on addiction and agency.

The evolutionist debate in Spain during the nineteenth century: a re-examination.

PubMed

Puig-Samper, Miguel Ángel; García González, Armando; Pelayo, Francisco

2017-01-01

This article re-examines the research on evolutionism in Spain and updates knowledge on this topic in light of the work of Thomas Glick, the more philosophical work of Diego Núñez and contributions in recent years from the Latin American network of historians of biology and evolution, who have dealt with the more polemical aspects of the reception of evolution theory. It includes new arguments, such as identification of the drawings in El Museo Universal, whose Lamarckian or Darwinian nature has been a subject of ongoing debate. It also covers the crucial role of the acceptance of Haeckel's work in Spain in comparison to the weaker support for a strictly Darwinian perspective, the role of the Spanish histology school, and the impact of evolutionism on literature.

Stereotype Threat.

PubMed

Spencer, Steven J; Logel, Christine; Davies, Paul G

2016-01-01

When members of a stigmatized group find themselves in a situation where negative stereotypes provide a possible framework for interpreting their behavior, the risk of being judged in light of those stereotypes can elicit a disruptive state that undermines performance and aspirations in that domain. This situational predicament, termed stereotype threat, continues to be an intensely debated and researched topic in educational, social, and organizational psychology. In this review, we explore the various sources of stereotype threat, the mechanisms underlying stereotype-threat effects (both mediators and moderators), and the consequences of this situational predicament, as well as the means through which society and stigmatized individuals can overcome the insidious effects of stereotype threat. Ultimately, we hope this review alleviates some of the confusion surrounding stereotype threat while also sparking further research and debate.

[Conversations on the "good death": the bioethical debate on euthanasia].

PubMed

Siqueira-Batista, Rodrigo; Schramm, Fermin Roland

2005-01-01

Despite extensive current debate on euthanasia, many open and apparently unsolvable issues persist, awaiting a better conceptual treatment. The area includes "prejudices and fundamentalisms" in relation to the theme, still viewed as taboo by a major share of society, specifically in the case of Brazil, while semantic imprecision in the term and argumentative tensions surround the issue, focusing on the principles of sacredness of life, quality of life, and autonomy and the so-called "slippery slope" argument. The purpose of the current essay is thus to serve as a sphere of inquiry concerning euthanasia, moving from historical antecedents towards a better solution to the problem and the demarcation of necessary future perspectives for enhanced understanding of the issue.

Twenty-Plus Years of Exclusion in the Boy Scouts of America: A Simulated Debate on Inclusion in Public and Private Recreation Agencies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Corey W.

2015-01-01

This four-day learning activity on the controversy of exclusion of gays and subsequently atheists in Boy Scouting is particularly relevant because it highlights the complexities that surround issues of equality, equity, the provision of leisure services, First Amendment rights, and the implications of court decisions on social justice. This lesson…

Are Digital Natives a World-Wide Phenomenon? An Investigation into South African First Year Students' Use and Experience with Technology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thinyane, Hannah

2010-01-01

In 2001 Marc Prensky coined the phrase "digital natives" to refer to the new generation of students who have grown up surrounded by technology. His companion papers spurred large amounts of research, debating changes that are required to curricula and pedagogical models to cater for the changes in the student population. This article…

The political abuse of international health system comparisons.

PubMed

Ehlke, Daniel

2011-07-01

Though the science of medicine subscribes to learning from best practices and the transmission of superior treatment regimens across national boundaries, the same ethos does not inform political debates surrounding health system reform. The Canadian and English health systems have been used - and, more frequently - abused by American politicians in their quest to support their own model of reform, or preserve the status quo.

A test of the economic base hypothesis in the small forest communities of southeast Alaska.

Treesearch

2003-01-01

Recent harvest declines in the Western United States have focused attention on the question of economic impacts at the community level. The impact of changing timber-related economic activity in a given community on other local activity and the general economic health of the community at large has been a persistent and often contentious issue in debates surrounding...

Delusions of Liberty: Rethinking Democracy Promotion in American Grand Strategy

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-01

States’ first debates surrounding intervention in support of democratic uprisings. Edward Mead Earle describes American sentiment in 1821: “All educated...theories regarding human or state behavior are not unconditional or absolute in 3 Edward Mead ...property and to punish those who tread upon the rights of others.40 Thomas Jefferson’s rationale of popular revolt against King George III’s rule

Mapping Low-Income African American Parents' Roles in Their Children's Education in a Changing Political Economy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greene, Stuart

2013-01-01

Background: Much discussion and debate has surrounded the role that low-income minority parents can play in their children's education. Research focusing on parents' roles has stressed parents' sense of self-efficacy, cultural background, socio-economic factors, and the context of school to explain not only what motivates parents to…

"Oh No, Nothing, We Didn't Learn Anything": Sex Education and the Preparation of Girls for Motherhood, c.1930-1970

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davis, Angela

2008-01-01

This article investigates how girls were educated about sex, pregnancy and childbirth during the years 1930 to 1970. Based on the results of 92 oral-history interviews with Oxfordshire women, it explores how national debates surrounding sex education influenced what girls in Oxfordshire were taught. In addition, it examines how successful the…

Ethics Workshop Sheds Light on Gray Areas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Townsend, Randy; Williams, Billy

2014-02-01

AGU's Scientific Integrity and Professional Ethics Workshop at the 2013 Fall Meeting, held on 9 December, highlighted the courageous conversations necessary to navigate through questions of scientific integrity and professional ethics. Participants debated real-world scenarios surrounding authorship, data management, plagiarism, and conflicts of interest. These discussions emphasized the importance of preserving scientific integrity and the responsibility of each member to uphold the standards of scientific conduct.

Electronic Collection Management and Electronic Information Services

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-12-01

federated search tools are still being perfected with much debate surrounding their use. Encouragingly, as the federated search tools have evolved...institutional repositories to be included in a federated search process, libraries would have to harvest the metadata from the repositories and then make...providers in Library High Tech News. At this time, federated search engines serve some user groups better than others. Undergraduate students are well

Prophylactic surgery prior to extended-duration space flight: Is the benefit worth the risk?

PubMed Central

Ball, Chad G.; Kirkpatrick, Andrew W.; Williams, David R.; Jones, Jeffrey A.; Polk, J.D.; Vanderploeg, James M.; Talamini, Mark A.; Campbell, Mark R.; Broderick, Timothy J.

2012-01-01

This article explores the potential benefits and defined risks associated with prophylactic surgical procedures for astronauts before extended-duration space flight. This includes, but is not limited to, appendectomy and cholecystesctomy. Furthermore, discussion of treatment during space flight, potential impact of an acute illness on a defined mission and the ethical issues surrounding this concept are debated in detail. PMID:22564516

Assessment and Evaluation of Higher Education in Business Management: An Analysis of the Brazilian Case in the Light of Social Learning Theory for Sustainability

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brunstein, Janette; Jaime, Pedro; Curi, Denise Pereira; d'Angelo, Marcia Juliana; Mainardes, Emerson Wagner

2015-01-01

This article presents an analysis of Brazilian National System of Higher Education Assessment (SINAES) in the light of social learning for sustainability theory. The aim is to contribute to the advancement of debates surrounding education for sustainability and the improvement of public policy evaluation in higher education. The analysis is…

Sexual Minorities on Community College Campuses. ERIC Digest.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leider, Steven

This digest provides a review of current literature relating to sexual minorities and the ongoing dialogue surrounding multiculturalism and inclusiveness on community college campuses. A 1998 study conducted on the six San Francisco community college campuses indicated that more than 1 in 3 of 484 community college students surveyed had engaged in…

A National Study of Fluoride Mouthrinse Adoption: Implications for School Health Personnel.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coombs, Jeanne A.; And Others

1983-01-01

The ongoing adoption of school-based fluoride mouthrinse programs has provided the opportunity to study issues surrounding the adoption and implementation of health technology by public schools. This article reports data on and implications of the National Study on the Diffusion of Preventive Health Measures to Schools. (Authors/CJ)

Scientific critique of the paper “Climatic distribution of citrus black spot caused by Phyllosticta citricarpa. A historical analysis of disease spread in South Africa” by Martínez-Minaya et al. (2015)

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The global potential distribution of Phyllosticta citricarpa, the causal organism of citrus black spot (CBS), is at the heart of an ongoing debate on the level of potential pest risk posed by P. citricarpa to citrus producing orchards within the European Union (EU). The EU currently regulates the i...

"No Longer from Pyramids to the Empire State Building": Why Both Western Civilization and World Civilization Should Be Part of the History Major--A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Voeltz, Richard A.

2010-01-01

In 2005, Peter Stearns wrote, "The ongoing debate between partisans of Western civilization surveys and fans of world history continues with no signs of any abatement." No one can deny that the rise of world history has been a phenomenon in American higher education over the past 30 years. Most high school students now take some version…

Grade Retention: An Exploration of the Pedagogical Experiences and Attitudes of Elementary Principals that Influence Decisions to Retain Students in a Grade

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DelConte, Jill

2011-01-01

For decades there has been an on-going debate regarding whether or not retention is the best strategy to use for students who are not meeting academic success--whether determined by a test, grades, or standards. Much of the research has indicated that little is gained academically over time by retaining students, but even more significant are the…

"E-tivities from the Front Line": A Community of Inquiry Case Study Analysis of Educators' Blog Posts on the Topic of Designing and Delivering Online Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wright, Phemie

2014-01-01

Designing and implementing successful online learning has been at the forefront of institutional agendas since digital learning increased in market demand over the last decade. However there is still ongoing debate as to the "how" of this arduous task. The Community of Inquiry (CoI) is one learning design method that has seen potential…

Solving the mystery of the internal structure of casein micelles.

PubMed

Ingham, B; Erlangga, G D; Smialowska, A; Kirby, N M; Wang, C; Matia-Merino, L; Haverkamp, R G; Carr, A J

2015-04-14

The interpretation of milk X-ray and neutron scattering data in relation to the internal structure of the casein micelle is an ongoing debate. We performed resonant X-ray scattering measurements on liquid milk and conclusively identified key scattering features, namely those corresponding to the size of and the distance between colloidal calcium phosphate particles. An X-ray scattering feature commonly assigned to the particle size is instead due to protein inhomogeneities.

Chromatic aberration and the roles of double-opponent and color-luminance neurons in color vision.

PubMed

Vladusich, Tony

2007-03-01

How does the visual cortex encode color? I summarize a theory in which cortical double-opponent color neurons perform a role in color constancy and a complementary set of color-luminance neurons function to selectively correct for color fringes induced by chromatic aberration in the eye. The theory may help to resolve an ongoing debate concerning the functional properties of cortical receptive fields involved in color coding.

Developing an Adaptability Training Strategy and Policy for the Department of Defense (DOD)

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-08-01

reach a broad audience, and do so much more inexpensively than would be the case with live simulations. With this in mind, we attended the annual...authors acknowledge ongoing debates about the relationship between training and education. Because the military makes a distinction between training...programs and educational programs, we simply accept that both are vehicles for learning and that there is an overlap between the two. 23 See for

Debated agronomy: public discourse and the future of biotechnology policy in Ghana

PubMed Central

Braimah, Joseph A.; Atuoye, Kilian N.; Vercillo, Siera; Warring, Carrie; Luginaah, Isaac

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT This paper examines the highly contested and ongoing biotechnology (Bt) policy-making process in Ghana. We analyse media content on how Bt is viewed in the context of Ghana’s parliamentary debate on the Plant Breeders Bill and within the broader public policy-making literature. This paper does not seek to take a position on Bt or the Bill, but to understand how policy actors influence the debate with political and scientific rhetoric in Ghana. The study reveals that in the midst of scientific uncertainties of Bt’s potential for sustainable agriculture production and food security, policy decisions that encourage its future adoption are heavily influenced by health, scientific, economic, environmental and political factors dictated by different ideologies, values and norms. While locally pioneered plant breeding is visible and common in the Ghanaian food chain, plant breeding/GMOs/Bt from international corporations is strongly resisted by anti-GMO coalitions. Understanding the complex and messy nature of Bt policy-making is critical for future development of agricultural technology in Ghana and elsewhere. PMID:29147107

High-throughput biodiversity analysis: Rapid assessment of species richness and ecological interactions of Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) in the tropics

PubMed Central

Gómez-Zurita, Jesús; Cardoso, Anabela; Coronado, Indiana; De la Cadena, Gissela; Jurado-Rivera, José A.; Maes, Jean-Michel; Montelongo, Tinguaro; Nguyen, Dinh Thi; Papadopoulou, Anna

2016-01-01

Abstract Biodiversity assessment has been the focus of intense debate and conceptual and methodological advances in recent years. The cultural, academic and aesthetic impulses to recognise and catalogue the diversity in our surroundings, in this case of living objects, is furthermore propelled by the urgency of understanding that we may be responsible for a dramatic reduction of biodiversity, comparable in magnitude to geological mass extinctions. One of the most important advances in this attempt to characterise biodiversity has been incorporating DNA-based characters and molecular taxonomy tools to achieve faster and more efficient species delimitation and identification, even in hyperdiverse tropical biomes. In this assay we advocate for a broad understanding of Biodiversity as the inventory of species in a given environment, but also the diversity of their interactions, with both aspects being attainable using molecular markers and phylogenetic approaches. We exemplify the suitability and utility of this framework for large-scale biodiversity assessment with the results of our ongoing projects trying to characterise the communities of leaf beetles and their host plants in several tropical setups. Moreover, we propose that approaches similar to ours, establishing the inventories of two ecologically inter-related and species-rich groups of organisms, such as insect herbivores and their angiosperm host-plants, can serve as the foundational stone to anchor a comprehensive assessment of diversity, also in tropical environments, by subsequent addition of trophic levels. PMID:27408583

Marine Fouling Assemblages on Offshore Gas Platforms in the Southern North Sea: Effects of Depth and Distance from Shore on Biodiversity

PubMed Central

van der Stap, Tim; Coolen, Joop W. P.; Lindeboom, Han J.

2016-01-01

Offshore platforms are known to act as artificial reefs, though there is on-going debate on whether this effect is beneficial or harmful for the life in the surrounding marine environment. Knowing what species exist on and around the offshore platforms and what environmental variables influence this species assemblage is crucial for a better understanding of the impact of offshore platforms on marine life. Information on this is limited for offshore platforms in the southern North Sea. This study aims to fill this gap in our knowledge and to determine how the composition and the abundance of species assemblages changes with depth and along a distance-from-shore gradient. The species assemblages on five offshore gas platforms in the southern North Sea have been inventoried using Remotely Operated Vehicles inspection footage. A total of 30 taxa were identified. A Generalised Additive Model of the species richness showed a significant non-linear relation with water depth (p = 0.001): from a low richness in shallow waters it increases with depth until 15–20 m, after which richness decreases again. Using PERMANOVA, water depth (p≤0.001), community age (p≤0.001) and the interaction between distance from shore and community age (p≤0.001) showed a significant effect on the species assemblages. Future research should focus on the effect additional environmental variables have on the species assemblages. PMID:26745870

Financial sustainability versus access and quality in a challenged health system: an examination of the capitation policy debate in Ghana.

PubMed

Atuoye, Kilian Nasung; Vercillo, Siera; Antabe, Roger; Galaa, Sylvester Zackaria; Luginaah, Isaac

2016-11-01

Policy makers in low and middle-income countries are frequently confronted with challenges of increasing health access for poor populations in a sustainable manner. After several years of trying out different health financing mechanisms, health insurance has recently emerged as a pro-poor health financing policy. Capitation, a fixed fee periodically paid to health service providers for anticipated services, is one of the payment policies in health insurance. This article examines claims and counter-claims made by coalitions and individual stakeholders in a capitation payment policy debate within Ghana's National Health Insurance Scheme. Using content analysis of public and parliamentary proceedings, we situate the debate within policy making and health insurance literature. We found that the ongoing capitation payment debate stems from challenges in implementation of earlier health insurance claims payment systems, which reflect broader systemic challenges facing the health insurance scheme in Ghana. The study illustrates the extent to which various sub-systems in the policy debate advance arguments to legitimize their claims about the contested capitation payment system. In addition, we found that the health of poor communities, women and children are being used as surrogates for political and individual arguments in the policy debate. The article recommends a more holistic and participatory approach through persuasion and negotiation to join interests and core evidence together in the capitation policy making in Ghana and elsewhere with similar contexts. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press in association with The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Regulatory toxicology in the twenty-first century: challenges, perspectives and possible solutions.

PubMed

Tralau, Tewes; Oelgeschläger, Michael; Gürtler, Rainer; Heinemeyer, Gerhard; Herzler, Matthias; Höfer, Thomas; Itter, Heike; Kuhl, Thomas; Lange, Nikola; Lorenz, Nicole; Müller-Graf, Christine; Pabel, Ulrike; Pirow, Ralph; Ritz, Vera; Schafft, Helmut; Schneider, Heiko; Schulz, Thomas; Schumacher, David; Zellmer, Sebastian; Fleur-Böl, Gaby; Greiner, Matthias; Lahrssen-Wiederholt, Monika; Lampen, Alfonso; Luch, Andreas; Schönfelder, Gilbert; Solecki, Roland; Wittkowski, Reiner; Hensel, Andreas

2015-06-01

The advent of new testing systems and "omics"-technologies has left regulatory toxicology facing one of the biggest challenges for decades. That is the question whether and how these methods can be used for regulatory purposes. The new methods undoubtedly enable regulators to address important open questions of toxicology such as species-specific toxicity, mixture toxicity, low-dose effects, endocrine effects or nanotoxicology, while promising faster and more efficient toxicity testing with the use of less animals. Consequently, the respective assays, methods and testing strategies are subject of several research programs worldwide. On the other hand, the practical application of such tests for regulatory purposes is a matter of ongoing debate. This document summarizes key aspects of this debate in the light of the European "regulatory status quo", while elucidating new perspectives for regulatory toxicity testing.

Future and applications of cloning.

PubMed

Trounson, Alan O

2006-01-01

The birth of viable offspring from somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in mammals caused a major re-examination of the understanding of the commitment of cells to specific tissue lineages during differentiation. The questions of whether cells undergo dedifferentiation or transdifferentiation during the development of offspring and how these changes are controlled is a source of ongoing debate that is yet to be resolved. Irrespective of the outcome of this debate, it is clear that cloning using SCNT has a place and purpose in the future of research and animal breeding. The future uses of SCNT could include the production of transgenic mice, the production of transgenic livestock and assisting with the re-establishment of endangered species. Human medicine also would benefit from future use of SCNT because it would allow the production of patient-specific embryonic stem cells.

Positive argument for debate in J Neural Transmission: Alzheimer's disease: are we intervening too late? Yes, by years if not decades.

PubMed

Shea, Thomas B; Remington, Ruth

2012-12-01

The ongoing debate as to whether we are or are not early enough in treatment for Alzheimer's disease presents distinct vantage points. Points expressed range from stressing the need for early preventive measures to highlighting the failure of "alternative" therapies, and concluding that we are unfortunately doing all that we can at present. Herein, we stress the worth of nutritional intervention, and review why such studies are often inherently compromised. We conclude that considerable education is needed to advance lifestyle modifications early enough to obtain their optimal effect, and instead of positioning "classical" interventions against "alternative" interventions, the combinations of both may impart maximal benefit. The introduction of novel detection methods at the earliest indications of cognitive impairment may provide a window of opportunity for initiation of preventative approaches.

Information processing and dynamics in minimally cognitive agents.

PubMed

Beer, Randall D; Williams, Paul L

2015-01-01

There has been considerable debate in the literature about the relative merits of information processing versus dynamical approaches to understanding cognitive processes. In this article, we explore the relationship between these two styles of explanation using a model agent evolved to solve a relational categorization task. Specifically, we separately analyze the operation of this agent using the mathematical tools of information theory and dynamical systems theory. Information-theoretic analysis reveals how task-relevant information flows through the system to be combined into a categorization decision. Dynamical analysis reveals the key geometrical and temporal interrelationships underlying the categorization decision. Finally, we propose a framework for directly relating these two different styles of explanation and discuss the possible implications of our analysis for some of the ongoing debates in cognitive science. Copyright © 2014 Cognitive Science Society, Inc.

Dangerous dogs: culprits or victims?

PubMed

Mills, Georgina

2014-12-06

Dangerous dogs and dog bite incidents are rarely out of the news and are a matter of great public interest, but what can be done to tackle this issue and are the dogs really to blame? A debate at the BVA Congress at the London Vet Show discussed the complexities surrounding dog bites and dog behaviour, and looked at possible ways of preventing future incidents. Georgina Mills reports. British Veterinary Association.

Unclouded Vision

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Crowcroft, Jon; Madhavapeddy, Anil; Schwarzkopf, Malte; Hong, Theodore; Mortier, Richard

Current opinion and debate surrounding the capabilities and use of the Cloud is particularly strident. By contrast, the academic community has long pursued completely decentralised approaches to service provision. In this paper we contrast these two extremes, and propose an architecture, Droplets, that enables a controlled trade-off between the costs and benefits of each. We also provide indications of implementation technologies and three simple sample applications that substantially benefit by exploiting these trade-offs.

To Control the Abuses of Government: The Veto and the Separation of Powers. A Guide for Discussion of Proposals to Institute Item and Legislative Veto Powers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Connor, Alice; Henze, Mary L.

A discussion guide, one of a series on constitutional reform issues by The Jefferson Foundation as part of The Jefferson Meeting on the Constitution project, examines proposals to institute item and legislative veto power. The first section discusses the historical background surrounding the formative debate on veto legislation. The separation of…

Goal-Directed Grasping: The Dimensional Properties of an Object Influence the Nature of the Visual Information Mediating Aperture Shaping

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holmes, Scott A.; Heath, Matthew

2013-01-01

An issue of continued debate in the visuomotor control literature surrounds whether a 2D object serves as a representative proxy for a 3D object in understanding the nature of the visual information supporting grasping control. In an effort to reconcile this issue, we examined the extent to which aperture profiles for grasping 2D and 3D objects…

Sub-Saharan African Universities' Adult and Continuing Education and the Challenge of Relevance in the Knowledge-Based Economy of the Twenty-First Century

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oduaran, Akpovire

2008-01-01

Beyond the dogged expectations that Sub-Saharan African universities' adult and continuing education needs to play a more visible key role in dealing with the challenges of HIV and AIDS, environmental pollution and excruciating poverty, the twenty-first century has brought in at its heels debates surrounding relevance in the era of an upsurge in…

Use of Vietnamese in English Language Teaching in Vietnam: Attitudes of Vietnamese University Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anh, Kieu Hang Kim

2012-01-01

Drawing upon the literature on the history of the language teaching methods focusing on the use of L1 in L2 teaching, the debate surrounding the role of L1 in the L2 classroom in general and in the English classroom in particular and recent studies of the issue, this article presents at its core a study that investigated the attitudes of…

High-­Stakes Schooling: What We Can Learn from Japan's Experiences with Testing, Accountability, and Education Reform

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bjork, Christopher

2015-01-01

If there is one thing that describes the trajectory of American education, it is this: more high-stakes testing. In the United States, the debates surrounding this trajectory can be so fierce that it feels like we are in uncharted waters. As Christopher Bjork reminds us in this study, however, we are not the first to make testing so central to…

[Ethics and kidney transplants with living donors].

PubMed

Mamzer Bruneel, Marie-France

2016-12-01

The ethical debate surrounding transplant practices questions our societies. International recommendations set out numerous precautions which must be taken to ensure that donors act with their free will. While in most countries, including France, organ donation is a voluntary and non-commercial act, a black market exists in the world resulting in the trafficking of organs and tragic transplant tourism. Copyright © 2016. Publié par Elsevier Masson SAS.

Reciprocity in group-living animals: partner control versus partner choice.

PubMed

Schino, Gabriele; Aureli, Filippo

2017-05-01

Reciprocity is probably the most debated of the evolutionary explanations for cooperation. Part of the confusion surrounding this debate stems from a failure to note that two different processes can result in reciprocity: partner control and partner choice. We suggest that the common observation that group-living animals direct their cooperative behaviours preferentially to those individuals from which they receive most cooperation is to be interpreted as the result of the sum of the two separate processes of partner control and partner choice. We review evidence that partner choice is the prevalent process in primates and propose explanations for this pattern. We make predictions that highlight the need for studies that separate the effects of partner control and partner choice in a broader variety of group-living taxa. © 2016 Cambridge Philosophical Society.

Internationalization of higher education: potentials and pitfalls for nursing education.

PubMed

Allen, M; Ogilvie, L

2004-06-01

Internationalization, an integral part of strategic planning initiatives in universities around the world, is occurring within the context of globalization. As we move toward greater internationalization in nursing education, we must understand the ideologies that currently underpin globalization and their fit with the vision and mission of nursing. To outline the current debates surrounding internationalization and globalization and their potential consequences for universities. The historical and current interest in internationalization and globalization are reviewed briefly in order to set the context for this discussion. What emerges from an analysis of current internationalization directions is the complexity of the relationship between internationalization and the conflicting ideologies underpinning globalization. Nursing can play a key role within universities to ensure that varying viewpoints are debated and the implications of varying internationalization decisions are understood.

An Empirical Analysis of Internet Message Boards for Self-Harming Behavior.

PubMed

Eichenberg, Christiane; Schott, Markus

2017-01-01

Much debate surrounds the potential effects of self-harm forum use. Arguments in favor highlight factors such as providing access to a supportive community. However critical voice highlighting potential dangers such as forums serving as a platform to promote self-harm, clearly dominate the debate. Using an online questionnaire, the goal of the current study was to examine sociodemographic characteristics, the psychopathology of forum users, motives for participating, and subjective effects of self-harm forum use. A total of 309 self-harm forum users participated in this study. 3 heterogeneous user types with differing motives for visiting the forum and different usage effects were identified. The results question the assumptions that self-harm forums are a source of harm and point to their predominantly constructive and preventive functions.

Identification of vortices in complex flows

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chakraborty, P.; Balachandar, S.; Adrian, R. J.

2007-12-01

Dating back to Leonardo da Vinci's famous sketches of vortices in turbulent flows, fluid dynamicists for over five centuries have continued to visualize and interpret complex flows in terms of motion of vortices. Nevertheless, much debate surrounds the question of how to unambiguously define vortices in complex flows. This debate has resulted in the availability of many vortex identification criteria---mathematical statements of what constitutes a vortex. Here we review the popularly used local or point- wise vortex identification criteria. Based on local flow kinematics, we describe a unified framework to interpret the similarities and differences in the usage of these criteria. We discuss the limitations on the applicability of these criteria when there is a significant component of vortex interactions. Finally, we provide guidelines for applying these criteria to geophysical flows.

Examining the Relationship That Spiritual Well-Being and Gender Have with the Leadership Practices of College Student Leaders

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Christman, Ricky A., Jr.

2012-01-01

This dissertation contributed to the ongoing research surrounding the leadership practices of college student leaders and the variables that contribute to these practices. Data for this research was collected at four private, protestant Christian universities in the Midwest. The dependent variable used in this research was the leadership practices…

Bananas on Trail: Inspiring Global Connections

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jacklein, Charlotte

2007-01-01

As an outdoor educator, the author loves the immediacy of her work and the sense of living fully in every moment. She values seeing the change in students as they step out of the complex framework of their home lives and experience themselves and their surroundings from a new perspective. An ongoing challenge for her as an outdoor educator is to…

The Ohio Department of Education L10H23 "Critical Analysis of Evolution"; Innovative Lesson Plan or Stealthy Advocacy Tool?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Day, Robert

2006-01-01

This paper will discuss the ongoing controversy surrounding a particular Ohio Department of Education tenth grade lesson plan titled "Critical Analysis of Evolution" (Ohio Department of Education identification L10H23). The lesson professes to encourage students to "critically examine" evidences for and against evolution and…

Testing Language, Testing Ethnicity? Policies and Practices Surrounding the Ethnic German "Aussiedler"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schupbach, Doris

2009-01-01

"Aussiedler" are ethnic Germans from the former Soviet Union and other Eastern European countries who are granted the right to resettle in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) if they can provide evidence of German ancestry, attachment to the German language and culture, and ongoing assertion of German ethnicity. This article outlines…

IN Like Flint: How the Innovation Incubator at UM-Flint Fosters Social Entrepreneurship in a City Remaking Itself

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Custer, Nic

2015-01-01

This paper focuses on how the University of Michigan-Flint's Innovation Incubator supports emerging for-profit businesses and nonprofit organizations through programming, business plan development, and ongoing mentorship. The Incubator is especially interested in supporting start-ups that address key social issues in the surrounding community,…

Who's in the Mirror?: Issues Surrounding the Identity Construction of Music Educators

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roberts, Brian

2004-01-01

The article presents the text of a guest lecture delivered at Richland College in Dallas, Texas, in April 2003, by Brian A. Roberts, professor of music education at the Memorial University of Newfoundland. Speaking to an audience of music education students, he discusses his ongoing research of the identity construction of music educators (do they…

Cognitive Abuse within the Incestuous Family as a Factor in the Development of Dissociative Identity Disorder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reed-Gavish, Maya

2013-01-01

The polarized nature of the ongoing controversies surrounding the genesis and validity of dissociative identity disorder pit advocates who see and work with dissociative identity disorder sufferers against skeptics who claim it to be an artificial iatrogenically produced phenomenon. This paper suggests that such a dichotomy is unwarranted and…

Comparison of NOAA lidar data at 1.5 and 3 meter resolutions, for adequate watershed delineation in Tift County, Georgia, USA

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The USDA Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory is located in Tifton, Ga, and performs ongoing watershed research for the Tift County area, as well as surrounding counties. Current watershed delineations are based on 1972-1977, 7.5-minute USGS Quadrangle sheets, and require updating. Light Detectio...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Boing, L.E.

This paper presents an overview of the US experiences in the decommissioning technical area. Sections included are: (1) an overview of the magnitude of the problem, (2) a review of the US decommissioning process, (3) regulation of decommissioning, (4) regulatory and funding requirements for decommissioning, and (5) a general overview of all on-going and completed decommissioning projects to date in the US. The final section presents a review of some issues in the decommissioning area currently being debated in the technical specialists community.

Security Sector Reform in Liberia: Progress and Challenges Ahead of the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) Drawdown

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-06-09

were processed. This program was designed to target a wide variety of combatants, with special emphasis placed on child soldiers. With these...Brzoska, SSR has its origin in the development of donor debate, where there has been ongoing discussion among different groups of theoreticians on how...human rights, humanitarian relief, and electoral reform. This document describes the framework on how post -war Liberia should implement the peace

Intramuscular injection technique: an evidence-based approach.

PubMed

Ogston-Tuck, Sherri

2014-09-30

Intramuscular injections require a thorough and meticulous approach to patient assessment and injection technique. This article, the second in a series of two, reviews the evidence base to inform safer practice and to consider the evidence for nursing practice in this area. A framework for safe practice is included, identifying important points for safe technique, patient care and clinical decision making. It also highlights the ongoing debate in selection of intramuscular injection sites, predominately the ventrogluteal and dorsogluteal muscles.

A "Suicide Pill" for Older People: Attitudes of Physicians, the General Population, and Relatives of Patients Who Died after Euthanasia or Physician-Assisted Suicide in the Netherlands

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rurup, Mette L.; Onwuteaka-Philipsen, Bregje D.; van der Wal, Gerrit; van der Heide, Agnes; van Der Maas, Paul J.

2005-01-01

In the Netherlands there has been ongoing debate in the past 10 years about the availability of a hypothetical "suicide pill", with which older people could end their life in a dignified way if they so wished. Data on attitudes to the suicide pill were collected in the Netherlands from 410 physicians, 1,379 members of the general…

Survival benefit of surgery in recurrent glioblastoma multiforme.

PubMed

Choudry, Usama Khalid; Khan, Saad Akhtar; Shamim, Muhammad Shahzad

2017-12-01

There is an ongoing debate regarding role of surgery for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Older literature hinted at only modest survival benefits with surgery and a high rate of morbidity. However, more recent literature suggests better survival that may be attributed to better surgical techniques and better options in adjuvant treatment. Herein the authors review recent literature with regards to the possible role of surgery in recurrent GBM and also look into the key factors impacting second surgery. .