Reliability-Limiting Defects in GaN/AlGaN High Electron Mobility Transistors

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-12-01

GaN grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy”, Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 77, no. 18, pp. 2885- 2887, 2000. [24] A. Hierro , A. R. Arehart, B...defects and impurities: Applications to III-nitrides”, J. Appl. Phys., vol. 95, pp.3851-3879, 2004. [43] A. Hierro , S. A. Ringel, M. Hansen, J. S

Nanoparticle Controlled Soft Complex Structures with Topological Defects

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-10-01

Condensed matter analogues of cosmology 25, 404201-1-404201-10, (2013); 7) Appl. Opt. 52, E47-E52 (2013); 8) Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 143116 (2013...analogy with cosmology and magnetism, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, Special Issue on Condensed matter analogues of cosmology 25, 404201, (2013). [24] A

Five Year Plan for Fiscal Years 1992-1996

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-10-01

for the detection of line sig- nals in visual noise. JQ 1 ...o. Am. Vol 4, No. 12, pgs. 2342-2354. 4) Kersten , D. (1987) Statistical efficiency for...the detection of visual noise. Vision Res. Vol 27, No. 6 pgs. 1029-1040. 5) Legge, G. E., Kersten , D., Burgess, A. E. (1987) Contrast discrimination in...noise. J. Opt. Soc. Am. Vol 4, No. 2, pgs 391-404. 6) Kersten , D. (1984) Spatial summation in visual noise. Vision Res. Vol 24, No. 12, pgs. 1977

Charge exchange in slow collisions of Si3+ with H

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Joseph, D. C.; Saha, B. C.

2010-10-01

Low energy electron capture from atomic hydrogen by multi-charged ions continues to be of interest and has wide applications including both magnetically confined^ fusion and astrophysical plasmas. The charge exchange process reported here, Si^3+ + H -- Si^2+ + H^+ is an important destruction mechanism of Si^3+ in photo-ionized gas. The soft X-ray emission from comets has been explained by charge transfer of solar wind ions, among them Si^3+, with neutrals in the cometary gas vapor. The state selective cross sections are evaluated using the semi-classical molecular orbital close coupling (MOCC) [1] methods. Adiabatic potentials and wave functions for a number of low-lying singlet and triplet states are calculated using the MRD-CI package [2]. Details will be presented at the conference. [1] M. Kimura and N. F. Lane, At. Mol. Opt. Phys 26, 79 (1990). [3] R. J. Buenker, ``Current Aspects of Quantum Chemistry'' 1981, Vol 21, edited by R. Carbo (Elsevier, Amsterdam) p 17.

Pulsed Photolytic Density Scaling Experiment for BiF

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-05-01

on Lasers 86, ed. W. B. Lacina, Soc. for Opt. and Quantum Electronics, STS Press. 281 (1987). 9a. R. F. Heidner, H . Helvajian , J. S. Holloway, and J. B...Koffend, J. Chem. Phys. 84, 2137 (1986). 9b. H . Helvajian , J. S. Holloway, and J. B. Koffend, J. Chem. Phys. (in press). 10. J. B. Koffend and R. F...C. E. Gardner, and R. F. Heidner, J. Chem. Phys. 83, 2904 (1985). 13. R. F. Heidner, H . Helvajian , and J. B. Koffend, J. Chem. Phys. 87, 520 (1987

High harmonic generation in a gas-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heckl, O. H.; Baer, C. R. E.; Kränkel, C.; Marchese, S. V.; Schapper, F.; Holler, M.; Südmeyer, T.; Robinson, J. S.; Tisch, J. W. G.; Couny, F.; Light, P.; Benabid, F.; Keller, U.

2009-10-01

High harmonic generation (HHG) of intense infrared laser radiation (Ferray et al., J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 21:L31, 1988; McPherson et al., J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 4:595, 1987) enables coherent vacuum-UV (VUV) to soft-X-ray sources. In the usual setup, energetic femtosecond laser pulses are strongly focused into a gas jet, restricting the interaction length to the Rayleigh range of the focus. The average photon flux is limited by the low conversion efficiency and the low average power of the complex laser amplifier systems (Keller, Nature 424:831, 2003; Südmeyer et al., Nat. Photonics 2:599, 2008; Röser et al., Opt. Lett. 30:2754, 2005; Eidam et al., IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15:187, 2009) which typically operate at kilohertz repetition rates. This represents a severe limitation for many experiments using the harmonic radiation in fields such as metrology or high-resolution imaging. Driving HHG with novel high-power diode-pumped multi-megahertz laser systems has the potential to significantly increase the average photon flux. However, the higher average power comes at the expense of lower pulse energies because the repetition rate is increased by more than a thousand times, and efficient HHG is not possible in the usual geometry. So far, two promising techniques for HHG at lower pulse energies were developed: external build-up cavities (Gohle et al., Nature 436:234, 2005; Jones et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 94:193, 2005) and resonant field enhancement in nanostructured targets (Kim et al., Nature 453:757, 2008). Here we present a third technique, which has advantages in terms of ease of HHG light extraction, transverse beam quality, and the possibility to substantially increase conversion efficiency by phase-matching (Paul et al., Nature 421:51, 2003; Ren et al., Opt. Express 16:17052, 2008; Serebryannikov et al., Phys. Rev. E (Stat. Nonlinear Soft Matter Phys.) 70:66611, 2004; Serebryannikov et al., Opt. Lett. 33:977, 2008; Zhang et al., Nat. Phys. 3:270, 2007). The interaction between the laser pulses and the gas occurs in a Kagome-type Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber (HC-PCF) (Benabid et al., Science 298:399, 2002), which reduces the detection threshold for HHG to only 200 nJ. This novel type of fiber guides nearly all of the light in the hollow core (Couny et al., Science 318:1118, 2007), preventing damage even at intensities required for HHG. Our fiber guided 30-fs pulses with a pulse energy of more than 10 μJ, which is more than five times higher than for any other photonic crystal fiber (Hensley et al., Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), IEEE Press, New York, 2008).

Effects of polarization direction on laser-assisted free-free scattering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

deHarak, B. A.; Kim, B. N.; Weaver, C. M.; Martin, N. L. S.; Siavashpouri, Mahsa; Nosarzewski, Benjamin

2016-06-01

This work will detail the effects of laser polarization direction (relative to the momentum transfer direction) on laser-assisted free-free scattering. Such processes play a role in the gas breakdown that occurs in electric discharges as well as providing a method for the laser heating of a plasma (Musa et al 2010 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 43 175201, Mason 1993 Rep. Prog. Phys. 56 1275). Experimental results will be presented for electron-helium scattering in the presence of an Nd:YAG laser field (hν =1.17 eV) where the polarization direction was varied in a plane that is perpendicular to the scattering plane. To date, all of our experimental results are well described by the Kroll-Watson approximation (KWA) (Kroll and Watson 1973 Phys. Rev. A 8 804). The good agreement between our experiments and calculations using the KWA includes the case where the polarization is perpendicular to the momentum transfer direction, for which the KWA predicts vanishing cross section; other workers have found that the KWA tends to be inaccurate for cases where it predicts small cross sections (e.g. Musa et al 2010 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 43 175201). We also present simulations of the effects that multiple scattering might have on experimental measurements. In particular, we examine conditions that are expected to be similar to those of the experiments reported by Wallbank and Holmes (Wallbank and Holmes 1993 Phys. Rev. A 48 R2515).

Solitons and the Inverse Scattering Transform

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-01-01

1979). 2. Small amplitude waves in more dimensions. (a) The equation of Kadomtsev and Petviashvili (1970), (ut + uux + au )x + Uyy = 0 , (1.6) is...337, 1978. Hasimoto, H. and I. Ono, J. Phys. Soc. Japan, vol. 33, p. 805, 1972. Kadomtsev , B. B. and V. I. Petviashvili , Sov. Phys. Doklady, vol. 15...Abstract "Under appropriate conditions, ocean waves may b modeled by certain nonlinear evolution equations that admit s iton solutions and can be solved

Theory of Soliton Waves.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-11-01

equation of Kadomtsev and Petviashvili (1970): (ut + 6uu x + U )x = 3 a Uyy, 0 - ± 1. (12) This equation turns out to be integrable for a = ± 1. For...1982b: "Comments on Inverse Scattering for the Kadomtsev - Petviashvili equation ", in Math methods in Hydro. & Integrability in Dyn. Systems, A. I. P. Conf...358. . Joseph, R. I., 1977: J. Phys. A., vol 10, p L225-L227. Kadomtsev , B. B. and Petviashvili , V. I., 1970: Soy. Phys. Doklady, vol 15, pp 539-541

Handbook of Phase Transition Sulfides, Selenides and Tellurides,

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-07-01

guidance and control. The Contracting Officer is Mrs. S. Williams, DESC, Dayton, Ohio. The Contracting Officers Technical Representative is Mr. H . C...higher temperature phase change where AgGaS2 becomes metallic. REFERENCES (AgGaS2 ) 1. H . Hahn, et.al., Z. Anorg. Chem., 271, 153 (1953). 2. M.V. Hobden...Phys. Soc. Japan, Vol. 23, 37 (1967). 10. H.H. Dorner, H.P. Geserich, and H . Rickert, Phys. Stat. Sol. (a), Vol. 37, K85 (1970). 11. P. Bruesch and J

Electron-impact excitation of Rydberg and valence electronic states of nitric oxide: II. Integral cross sections

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brunger, M. J.; Campbell, L.; Cartwright, D. C.; Middleton, A. G.; Mojarrabi, B.; Teubner, P. J. O.

2000-02-01

Integral cross sections (ICSs) for the excitation of 18 excited electronic states, and four composite excited electronic states, in nitric oxide (NO) have been determined for incident electron energies of 15, 20, 30, 40 and 50 eV. These ICSs were derived by extrapolating the respective measured differential cross sections (M J Brunger et al 2000 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 33 783) to 0° and 180° and by performing the appropriate integration. Comparison of the present ICSs with the results of those determined in earlier optical emission measurements, and from theoretical calculations is made. At each incident energy considered, the current ICSs are also summed along with the corresponding elastic and rovibrational excitation ICSs from B Mojarrabi et al (1995 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 28 487) and the ionization cross sections from Rapp and Englander-Golden (1965 J. Chem. Phys. 43 1464), to derive an estimate of the grand total cross sections (GTSs) for e- + NO scattering. The GTSs derived in this manner are compared with the results from independent linear transmission experiments and are found to be entirely consistent with them. The present excited electronic state ICS, and those for elastic and rovibrational excitation from Mojarrabi et al , appear to represent the first set of self-consistent cross sections for electron impact scattering from NO.

Nonlinear Analysis of Experimental Measurements 7.6. Theoretical Chemistry

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-01-26

Jianshu Cao, Robert J. Silbey, Jaeyoung Sung. Quantitative Interpretation of the Randomness in Single Enzyme Turnover Times, Biophysical Journal...Universality of Poisson Indicator and Fano Factor of Transport Event Statistics in Ion Channels and Enzyme Kinetics., J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys...TOTAL: 4 01/26/2015 Received Book 4.00 Jianshu Cao, Jianlan Wu. GENERALIZED MICHAELIS–MENTENEQUATION FOR CONFORMATION- MODULATEDMONOMERIC ENZYMES , New

Creating Extended and Dense Plasma Channels in Air by Using Spatially and Temporally Shaped Ultra-Intense Laser Pulses

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-08-16

Wolf, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 103903 (2010). 6. M. Aközbek, M. Scalora , C. Bowden, and S. L. Chin, Opt. Commun. 191, 353 (2001). 7. A. Couairon, Phys...Aközbek, M. Scalora , C. Bowden, and S. L. Chin, “White-light continuum generation and filamentation during the propagation of ultra-short laser pulses in

Optical Limiting in Photonic Crystal Fibers

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-12-01

Optical Limiting in Photonic Crystal Fibers Mark Bloemer, Michael Scalora , Wayne Davenport, and Evgeni Poliakov(NRC Postdoc) RDECOM, Aviation...Shcherbakov, E. Wintner, M. Scalora , and A. M. Zheltikov, Appl. Opt., in press. 7 21. C. M. de Sterke and J. E. Sipe, Prog. Opt. 33, 203 (1994... Scalora , J..P. Dowling, C.M. Bowden, and M.J. Bloemer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 1368 (1994). 26. M.D. Tocci, M.J. Bloemer, M. Scalora , J.P. Dowling

Marshall N. Rosenbluth Outstanding Doctoral Thesis Award Talk: The Ultrafast Nonlinear Response of Air Molecules and its Effect on Femtosecond Laser Plasma Filaments in Atmosphere

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Yu-Hsin

2012-10-01

When exceeding the critical power Pcr, an intense laser pulse propagating in a gas collapses into one or multiple ``filaments,'' which can extend meters in length with weakly ionized plasma and local intensity ˜ 10^13 W/cm^2 radially confined in a diameter of < 100 μm [1]. While it has been generally accepted the nonlinear self-focusing of the laser pulse leading to beam collapse is stabilized by plasma generation [2], neither the field-induced nonlinearity nor the plasma generation had been directly measured. This uncertainty has given rise to recent controversy about whether plasma generation does indeed counteract the positive nonlinearity [3, 4]. For even a basic understanding of femtosecond filamentation and for applications, the focusing and defocusing mechanisms---nonlinear self-focusing and ionization---must be understood. By employing a single-shot, time-resolved technique based on spectral interferometry [5] to study the constituents of air, it is found that the rotational responses in O2 and N2 are the dominant nonlinear effect in filamentary propagation when the laser pulse duration is longer than ˜ 100fs. Furthermore, we find that the instantaneous nonlinearity scales linearly up to the ionization threshold [6], eliminating any possibility of an ionization-free negative stabilization [3] of filamentation. This is confirmed by space-resolved electron density measurements in meter-long filaments produced with different pulse durations, using optical interferometry with a grazing-incidence, ps-delayed probe [7].[4pt] [1] A. Braun et al., Opt. Lett. 20, 73 (1995).[0pt] [2] A. Couairon and A. Mysyrowicz, Phys. Rep. 441, 47 (2007).[0pt] [3] V. Loriot et al., Opt. Express 17, 13429 (2009).[0pt] [4] P. B'ejot et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 103903 (2010).[0pt] [5] Y.-H. Chen et al., Opt. Express 15, 7458 (2007); Opt. Express 15, 11341 (2007).[0pt] [6] J. K. Wahlstrand et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 103901 (2011).[0pt] [7] Y.-H. Chen et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 215005 (2010).

Residuals-Based Subgraph Detection with Cue Vertices

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-11-30

Workshop, 2012, pp. 129–132. [5] M. E. J. Newman , “Finding community structure in networks using the eigenvectors of matrices,” Phys. Rev. E, vol. 74, no...from Data, vol. 1, no. 1, 2007. [7] M. W. Mahoney , L. Orecchia, and N. K. Vishnoi, “A spectral algorithm for improving graph partitions,” CoRR, vol. abs

Advanced Fabrication Processes for Superconducting Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-10-13

transistors. There are several reasons for this gigantic disparity: insufficient funding and lack of profit-driven investments in superconductor ...Inductance of circuit structures for MIT LL superconductor electronics fabrication process with 8 niobium layers,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., vol...vol. 25, No. 3, 1301704, June 2015. [7] V. Ambegaokar and A. Baratoff, “Tunneling between superconductors ,” Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 10, no. 11, pp

Harnessing Solar Power: Novel Strategies for Rational Design of Photocatalysts and Photovoltaic Materials

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-01

Complex 2 ( LH2 ) of Rhodobacter sphaeroides with Two- Dimensional Spectroscopy” J. Chem. Phys. 139, 155101 2013. A.F. Fidler, V.P. Singh, P.D. Long...P.D. Dahlberg, and G.S. Engel, “Time Scales of Coherent Dynamics in the Light-Harvesting Complex 2 ( LH2 ) of Rhodobacter sphaeroides” J. Phys. Chem...Spectroscopy of the Light-harvesting Complex LH2 ” Opt. Lett. 36:9 1665-1667 2011 E. Harel, A.F. Fidler, and G.S. Engel, “Single-Shot GRadient

Observation of Nonlinear Transmission Enhancement in Cavities Filled With Nonlinear Organic Materials

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-11-01

carbon nanotubes,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 2548–2551 (1999). 5. M. C. Lacripete, C. Sibillia, S. Paoloni, M. Bertolotti, F. Sarto, and M. Scalora ...nanoparticles,” Opt. Express 13, 867–872 (2005). 9. M. Scalora , J. P. Dowling, C. M. Bowden, and M. J. Bloemer, “Optical limiting and switching of...ultrashort pulses in non- linear photonic band gap material,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 1368–1371 (1994). 10. B. Y. Soon, J. W. Haus, M. Scalora , and C

Effects of Solvation on One- and Two-Photon Spectra of Coumarin Derivatives: A Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Study (Postprint)

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-01-01

2003. 15 A. Barik , S. Nath, and H. Pal, J . Chem. Phys. 119, 10202 2003. 16 A. Fisher, C. Cremer, and E. H. K. Stelzer, Appl. Opt. 34, 1989 1995...Hardened Materials Branch //Signature// TIM J . SCHUMACHER, Chief Survivability and Sensor Materials Division This...coumarin 152, 152A, 522, 153, 307, and 151. 094303-2 Nguyen, Day, and Pachter J . Chem. Phys. 126, 094303 2007 Downloaded 06 Nov 2007 to 134.131.125.49

Rare Earth Doped GaN Laser Structures Using Metal Modulated Epitaxy

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-03-30

from Eu-doped GaN,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 75, pp. 1189–1191, 1999. 24. D. S . Lee and A. J. Steckl, “Room-temperature-grown rare- earth -doped GaN...luminescent thin films,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 79, pp. 1962–1964,2001. 25. D. S . Lee and A. J. Steckl, “Lateral color integration on rare- earth doped... s . 0.259nm/ s =1.14E13cm-2/ s =1 ML/ s .Our plasma source was optimized to work at 1.5 sccm and 230 W RF power and it provides a growth rate of 0.8 ML/ s

Development of tearing instability in a current sheet forming by sheared incompressible flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tolman, Elizabeth A.; Loureiro, Nuno F.; Uzdensky, Dmitri A.

2018-02-01

Sweet-Parker current sheets in high Lundquist number plasmas are unstable to tearing, suggesting they will not form in physical systems. Understanding magnetic reconnection thus requires study of the stability of a current sheet as it forms. Formation can occur due to sheared, sub-Alfvénic incompressible flows which narrow the sheet. Standard tearing theory (Furth et al. Phys. Fluids, vol. 6 (4), 1963, pp. 459-484, Rutherford, Phys. Fluids, vol. 16 (11), 1973, pp. 1903-1908, Coppi et al. Fizika Plazmy, vol. 2, 1976, pp. 961-966) is not immediately applicable to such forming sheets for two reasons: first, because the flow introduces terms not present in the standard calculation; second, because the changing equilibrium introduces time dependence to terms which are constant in the standard calculation, complicating the formulation of an eigenvalue problem. This paper adapts standard tearing mode analysis to confront these challenges. In an initial phase when any perturbations are primarily governed by ideal magnetohydrodynamics, a coordinate transformation reveals that the flow compresses and stretches perturbations. A multiple scale formulation describes how linear tearing mode theory (Furth et al. Phys. Fluids, vol. 6 (4), 1963, pp. 459-484, Coppi et al. Fizika Plazmy, vol. 2, 1976, pp. 961-966) can be applied to an equilibrium changing under flow, showing that the flow affects the separable exponential growth only implicitly, by making the standard scalings time dependent. In the nonlinear Rutherford stage, the coordinate transformation shows that standard theory can be adapted by adding to the stationary rates time dependence and an additional term due to the strengthening equilibrium magnetic field. Overall, this understanding supports the use of flow-free scalings with slight modifications to study tearing in a forming sheet.

Temporal Dynamics of Two Beam Coupling and the Origin of Compensation Photorefractive Gratings in Sn2P2S6:Sb (Postprint)

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-03-29

A. Grabar, and I. Stoyka, “Photorefraction in tin hypothiodiphosphate in the near infrared,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 13(10), 2352–2360 (1996). 2. S...Odoulov, A. Shumelyuk, U. Hellwig, R. Rupp, A. Grabar, and I. Stoyka, “Photorefractive beam coupling in tin hypothiodiphosphate in the near infrared,” Opt...Materials, P. Günter and J.-P. Huignard, eds. Vol. 113 of Springer Series in Optical Sciences (Springer, 2006), pp. 119–162. 1. Introduction Tin

Second Order Born Effects in the Perpendicular Plane Ionization of Xe (5p) Atoms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Purohit, G.; Singh, Prithvi; Patidar, Vinod

We report triple differential cross section (TDCS) results for the perpendicular plane ionization of xenon atoms at incident electron energies 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 eV above ionization potential. The TDCS calculation have been preformed within the modified distorted wave Born approximation formalism including the second order Born (SBA) amplitude. We compare the (e, 2e) TDCS result of our calculation with the very recent measurements of Nixon and Murray [Phys. Rev. A 85, 022716 (2012)] and relativistic DWBA-G results of Illarionov and Stauffer [J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 45, 225202 (2012)] and discuss the process contributing to structure seen in the differential cross section.

Some properties of Stark states of hydrogenic atoms and ions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hey, J. D.

2007-10-01

The motivation for this work is the problem of providing accurate values of the atomic transition matrix elements for the Stark components of Rydberg Rydberg transitions in atomic hydrogen and hydrogenic ions, for use in spectral line broadening calculations applicable to cool, low-density plasmas, such as those found in H II regions. Since conventional methods of calculating these transition matrix elements cannot be used for the high principal quantum numbers now easily attained in radio astronomical spectra, we attempt to show that the recurrence relation (ladder operator) method recently employed by Watson (2006 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 39 1889 97) and Hey (2006 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 39 2641 64) can be taken over into the parabolic coordinate system used to describe the Stark states of the atomic (ionic) radiators. The present method is therefore suggested as potentially useful for extending the work of Griem (1967 Astrophys. J. 148 547 58, 2005 Astrophys. J. 620 L133 4), Watson (2006), Stambulchik et al (2007 Phys. Rev. E 75 016401(9 pp) on Stark broadening in transitions between states of high principal quantum number, to physical conditions where the binary, impact approximation is no longer strictly applicable to both electron and ion perturbers. Another possible field of application is the study of Stark mixing transitions in 'ultracold' Rydberg atoms perturbed by long-range interactions with slow atoms and ions. Preparatory to the derivation of recurrence relations for states of different principal quantum number, a number of properties and recurrence relations are also found for states of identical principal quantum number, including the analogue in parabolic coordinates to the relations of Pasternack (1937 Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 23 91 4, 250) in spherical polar coordinates.

Dielectric Surface Effects on Transient Arcs in Lightning Arrester Devices

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-06-01

pp. 816– 823, 1971. [13] V. I. Gibalov and G. J. Pietsch , “The development of dielectric barrier discharges in gas gaps and on surfaces,” J. Phys. D...Appl. Phys., vol. 33, p. 2618, 2000. [14] D. Braun, V. Gibalov, and G. Pietsch , “Two-dimensional modelling of the dielectric barrier discharge in air

Numerically derived parametrisation of optimal RMP coil phase as a guide to experiments on ASDEX Upgrade

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ryan, D. A.; Liu, Y. Q.; Li, L.; Kirk, A.; Dunne, M.; Dudson, B.; Piovesan, P.; Suttrop, W.; Willensdorfer, M.; the ASDEX Upgrade Team; the EUROfusion MST1 Team

2017-02-01

Edge localised modes (ELMs) are a repetitive MHD instability, which may be mitigated or suppressed by the application of resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs). In tokamaks which have an upper and lower set of RMP coils, the applied spectrum of the RMPs can be tuned for optimal ELM control, by introducing a toroidal phase difference {{Δ }}{{Φ }} between the upper and lower rows. The magnitude of the outermost resonant component of the RMP field | {b}{{res}}1| (other proposed criteria are discussed herein) has been shown experimentally to correlate with mitigated ELM frequency, and to be controllable by {{Δ }}{{Φ }} (Kirk et al 2013 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 53 043007). This suggests that ELM mitigation may be optimised by choosing {{Δ }}{{Φ }}={{Δ }}{{{Φ }}}{{opt}}, such that | {b}{{res}}1| is maximised. However it is currently impractical to compute {{Δ }}{{{Φ }}}{{opt}} in advance of experiments. This motivates this computational study of the dependence of the optimal coil phase difference {{Δ }}{{{Φ }}}{{opt}}, on global plasma parameters {β }N and q 95, in order to produce a simple parametrisation of {{Δ }}{{{Φ }}}{{opt}}. In this work, a set of tokamak equilibria spanning a wide range of ({β }N, q 95) is produced, based on a reference equilibrium from an ASDEX Upgrade experiment. The MARS-F code (Liu et al 2000 Phys. Plasmas 7 3681) is then used to compute {{Δ }}{{{Φ }}}{{opt}} across this equilibrium set for toroidal mode numbers n = 1-4, both for the vacuum field and including the plasma response. The computational scan finds that for fixed plasma boundary shape, rotation profiles and toroidal mode number n, {{Δ }}{{{Φ }}}{{opt}} is a smoothly varying function of ({β }N, q 95). A 2D quadratic function in ({β }N, q 95) is used to parametrise {{Δ }}{{{Φ }}}{{opt}}, such that for given ({β }N, q 95) and n, an estimate of {{Δ }}{{{Φ }}}{{opt}} may be made without requiring a plasma response computation. To quantify the uncertainty of the parametrisation relative to a plasma response computation, {{Δ }}{{{Φ }}}{{opt}} is also computed using MARS-F for a set of benchmarking points. Each benchmarking point consists of a distinct free boundary equilibrium reconstructed from an ASDEX Upgrade RMP experiment, and set of experimental kinetic profiles and coil currents. Comparing the MARS-F predictions of {{Δ }}{{{Φ }}}{{opt}} for these benchmarking points to predictions of the 2D quadratic, shows that relative to a plasma response computation with MARS-F the 2D quadratic is accurate to 26.5° for n = 1, and 20.6° for n = 2. Potential sources for uncertainty are assessed.

Experimental Demonstration of a Photonic-Crystal-Fiber Optical Diode

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-01-01

M. Scalora , A.M. Zheltikov: Appl. Opt. 43, 11 (2004) 16 D.G. Ouzounov, F.R. Ahmad, D. Müller, N. Venkataraman, M.T. Gal- lagher, M.G. Thomas, J...Silcox, K.W. Koch, A.L. Gaeta: Science 301, 1702 (2003) 17 D.A. Sidorov-Biryukov, S.O. Konorov, V.P. Mitrokhin, A.B. Fedotov, M. Scalora , A.M. Zheltikov...Laser Phys. 14, 5 (2004) 18 M.D. Tocci, M.J. Bloemer, M. Scalora , J.P. Dowling, C.M. Bowden: Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 2324 (1995) 19 S.O. Konorov, A.B

Field-Induced Phenomena in Electrical Insulation.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-09-29

Dis- charges," Jour. of App. Phys., Vol. 55, No. 1, 1984, pp. 9-14. 112 • ’ -. ; . - -. A " . i . . .- L ."L 35. A. Tomago and T. Suzuki, "A New...Impregnated with Supercritical Helium," IEE PROC., Vol. 129, pt. A, No. 3, 1982, pp. 176-182. 31. A. Tomago , et. al., "Development of Oil-Impregnated, All

Accuracy of Time Integration Approaches for Stiff Magnetohydrodynamics Problems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Knoll, D. A.; Chacon, L.

2003-10-01

The simulation of complex physical processes with multiple time scales presents a continuing challenge to the computational plasma physisist due to the co-existence of fast and slow time scales. Within computational plasma physics, practitioners have developed and used linearized methods, semi-implicit methods, and time splitting in an attempt to tackle such problems. All of these methods are understood to generate numerical error. We are currently developing algorithms which remove such error for MHD problems [1,2]. These methods do not rely on linearization or time splitting. We are also attempting to analyze the errors introduced by existing ``implicit'' methods using modified equation analysis (MEA) [3]. In this presentation we will briefly cover the major findings in [3]. We will then extend this work further into MHD. This analysis will be augmented with numerical experiments with the hope of gaining insight, particularly into how these errors accumulate over many time steps. [1] L. Chacon,. D.A. Knoll, J.M. Finn, J. Comput. Phys., vol. 178, pp. 15-36 (2002) [2] L. Chacon and D.A. Knoll, J. Comput. Phys., vol. 188, pp. 573-592 (2003) [3] D.A. Knoll , L. Chacon, L.G. Margolin, V.A. Mousseau, J. Comput. Phys., vol. 185, pp. 583-611 (2003)

Error analysis regarding the calculation of nonlinear force-free field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, S.; Zhang, H. Q.; Su, J. T.

2012-02-01

Magnetic field extrapolation is an alternative method to study chromospheric and coronal magnetic fields. In this paper, two semi-analytical solutions of force-free fields (Low and Lou in Astrophys. J. 352:343, 1990) have been used to study the errors of nonlinear force-free (NLFF) fields based on force-free factor α. Three NLFF fields are extrapolated by approximate vertical integration (AVI) Song et al. (Astrophys. J. 649:1084, 2006), boundary integral equation (BIE) Yan and Sakurai (Sol. Phys. 195:89, 2000) and optimization (Opt.) Wiegelmann (Sol. Phys. 219:87, 2004) methods. Compared with the first semi-analytical field, it is found that the mean values of absolute relative standard deviations (RSD) of α along field lines are about 0.96-1.19, 0.63-1.07 and 0.43-0.72 for AVI, BIE and Opt. fields, respectively. While for the second semi-analytical field, they are about 0.80-1.02, 0.67-1.34 and 0.33-0.55 for AVI, BIE and Opt. fields, respectively. As for the analytical field, the calculation error of <| RSD|> is about 0.1˜0.2. It is also found that RSD does not apparently depend on the length of field line. These provide the basic estimation on the deviation of extrapolated field obtained by proposed methods from the real force-free field.

Exceptional-point Dynamics in Photonic Honeycomb Lattices with PT Symmetry

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-17

coherent perfect laser absorber [25], spatial optical switches [26], and nonlinear switching structures [27]. Despite the wealth of results on...Petermann, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 15, 566 (1979); A. E. Siegman , Phys. Rev. A 39, 1264 (1989). [36] M. V. Berry, J. Mod. Opt. 50, 63 (2003); S.-Y

Proceedings of the Antenna Applications Symposium Held on 23-25 September 1992. Volume 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-06-01

Kahrizi, S. M. Rao, and A . R. Djordjevic, "Analysis of arbitrarily shaped microstrip patch anten- nas using the Sommerfeld formulation," Int. J...Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol. AP-34, pp. 905-911, July 1986. [231 W. C. Chew, Z. Nie, and Y. T. Lo, "The effect of feed on the input impedance of a ...microstrip antenna," Microwave & Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 3, pp. 79-83, Mar. 1990. [24] W. C. Chew, " A quick way to approximate a Sommerfeld -Weyl-type

Application of a post-collisional-interaction distorted-wave model for (e, 2e) of some atomic targets and methane

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chinoune, M.; Houamer, S.; Dal Cappello, C.; Galstyan, A.

2016-10-01

Recently Isik et al (2016 J. Phys B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 49 065203) performed measurements of the triple differential cross sections (TDCSs) of methane by electron impact. Their data clearly show that post-collisional interaction (PCI) effects are present in the angular distributions of ejected electrons. A model describing the ejected electron by a distorted wave and including PCI is applied for the single ionization of atomic targets and for methane. Extensive comparisons between this model and other previous models are made with available experiments.

Atomic-Scale Study of Plastic-Yield Criterion in Nanocrystalline Cu at High Strain Rates

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-02-01

vol. 53, pp. 3193– 3205. 25. E. Moshe, S. Eliezer, E. Dekel , A. Ludmirsky, Z. Henis, M. Werdiger, I.B. Goldberg, N. Eliaz, and D. Eliezer: J. Appl...Kondo, and M. Yoshida: J. Appl. Phys., 2001, vol. 89, pp. 3520–22. 29. E. Moshe, S. Eliezer, E. Dekel , Z. Henis, A. Ludmirsky, I.B. Goldberg, and D

Architectures and Applications for Scalable Quantum Information Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-01-01

quantum computation models, such as adiabatic quantum computing , can be converted to quantum circuits. Therefore, in our design flow’s first phase...vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 1484–1509, 1997. [19] A. Childs, E. Farhi, and J. Preskill, “Robustness of adiabatic quantum computation ,” Phys. Rev. A, vol. 65...magnetic resonance computer with three quantum bits that simulates an adiabatic quantum optimization algorithm. Adiabatic

Fundamental Properteries and Capabilities of Plasmonic Antennas for Efficient Interaction with Nanoeletronics

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-08-20

the THz region. Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett. 48, 524-529 (2006). 57. Huo, Y., Taylor, G. W. & Bansal , R. Planar log-periodic antennas on extended...Berry, M. R. Hashemi and M. Jarrahi, Appl. Phys. Lett. 14, 081122, 2014. [39] Y. Huo, G. W. Taylor and R. Bansal , J. Infrared, Millimeter and

Application of nonlinear models to estimate the gain of one-dimensional free-electron lasers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peter, E.; Rizzato, F. B.; Endler, A.

2017-06-01

In the present work, we make use of simplified nonlinear models based on the compressibility factor (Peter et al., Phys. Plasmas, vol. 20 (12), 2013, 123104) to predict the gain of one-dimensional (1-D) free-electron lasers (FELs), considering space-charge and thermal effects. These models proved to be reasonable to estimate some aspects of 1-D FEL theory, such as the position of the onset of mixing, in the case of a initially cold electron beam, and the position of the breakdown of the laminar regime, in the case of an initially warm beam (Peter et al., Phys. Plasmas, vol. 21 (11), 2014, 113104). The results given by the models are compared to wave-particle simulations showing a reasonable agreement.

Atomic data from the IRON project. LXVI. Electron impact excitation of Fe18+

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Butler, K.; Badnell, N. R.

2008-10-01

Context: Accurate electron collisional data are required for the analysis of the Fe xix astrophysical spectrum, in particular in the sun. Such an analysis can provide information on the physical characteristics of the coronal plasma. Aims: An extensive target is used in an R-matrix scattering calculation to provide the necessary data for Fe18+. The use of the R-matrix method includes the resonance contribution lacking in the distorted wave approach and the large target improves the accuracy of the close-coupling approximation. Methods: The R-Matrix package described by Berrington et al. (1995, Comput. Phys. Commun., 92, 290) as provided by the UK RmaX project has been used to calculate electron collisional data among 342 levels of Fe18+. We have used the intermediate-coupling frame-transformation (ICFT) method (Griffin et al. 1998, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 31, 3713) to transform data obtained in a 166 term LS-coupling calculation. Contributions from the mass and Darwin interactions have also been included in the Hamiltonian. Results: Collision stengths for all transitions between the 342 levels of Fe18+ are presented. They are tabulated over a wide range of electron temperatures of astrophysical interest. The results are compared with the earlier Iron Project work of Butler & Zeippen (2001, A&A, 372, 1083) and also with that of McLaughlin et al. (2001, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys., 34, 4521) and Landi & Gu (2006, ApJ, 640, 1171). The agreement is reasonable for the low-lying transitions. Larger differences are found for the more highly excited states. Full Table 4 is only available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/489/1369

Effect of Prandtl number on heat transport enhancement in Rayleigh-Bénard convection under geometrical confinement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chong, Kai Leong; Wagner, Sebastian; Kaczorowski, Matthias; Shishkina, Olga; Xia, Ke-Qing

2018-01-01

We study, using direct numerical simulations, the effect of geometrical confinement on heat transport and flow structure in Rayleigh-Bénard convection in fluids with different Prandtl numbers. Our simulations span over two decades of Prandtl number Pr, 0.1 ≤Pr ≤40 , with the Rayleigh number Ra fixed at 108. The width-to-height aspect ratio Γ spans between 0.025 and 0.25, while the length-to-height aspect ratio is fixed at one. We first find that for Pr ≥0.5 , geometrical confinement can lead to a significant enhancement in heat transport as characterized by the Nusselt number Nu. For those cases, Nu is maximal at a certain Γ =Γopt and the maximal relative enhancement generally increases with Pr over the explored parameter range. As opposed to the situation of Pr ≥0.5 , confinement-induced enhancement in Nu is not realized for smaller values of Pr, such as 0.1 and 0.2. The Pr dependence of the heat transport enhancement can be understood in its relation to the coverage area of the thermal plumes over the thermal boundary layer (BL) where larger coverage is observed for larger Pr due to a smaller thermal diffusivity. We further show that Γopt is closely related to the crossing of thermal and momentum BLs and find that Nu declines sharply when the thickness ratio of the thermal and momentum BLs exceeds a certain value of about one. In addition, through examining the temporally averaged flow fields and two-dimensional mode decomposition, it is found that for smaller Pr the large-scale circulation is robust against the geometrical confinement of the convection cell. We further found that Γopt exhibits a power-law relation with Pr as Γopt=0.11 Pr-0.060 ±0.004 . Together with the result Γopt=29.37 Ra-0.31 found by Chong et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 264503 (2015), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.264503], our findings provide a more complete picture of the geometrical confinement.

Photothermal Imaging of Defects in Metals and Ceramics.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-10-01

24] G. Busse and A. Rosencwaig, " Subsurface imaging with photoacoustics," Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 36, p. 815, 1980. [25] G. S. Cargill, "Electron...and A. Rosencwaig, Subsurface imaging with photoacoustics, Appl. Phys. Lett. 36:815 (1980). 12. G. S. Cargill, Electron-acoustic microscopy, in...1979. different orientations." Harwell AERE Report. RI 1686. Apr. 1985. [35] G. Busse and A. Rosencwaig, " Subsurface imaging with photo- [641 R. J

Background Measurements Made Above Five Kilometers: A Survey of the Literature

DTIC Science & Technology

1969-06-01

Corporation of America’s Astro - Electronics Division, Greenbelt, Md., 1961. NASA Facts, Vol. II, No. 7, 1965. Nimbus I High Resolution Radiation Data...cept for data in which noise degradation occurred. This applies chiefly to the 2.7- fx data. REFERENCES Unclassified J. Hoyem et al., NOTS - Michigan...et al., "A Revised Analysis of the Solar Spectrum From 2990 to 2635 A," Astro - phys. J., Vol. 119, No. 3, May 1954. UNCLASSIFIED 153

Single atom array to form a Rydberg ring

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhan, Mingsheng; Xu, Peng; He, Xiaodong; Liu, Min; Wang, Jin

2012-02-01

Single atom arrays are ideal quantum systems for studying few-body quantum simulation and quantum computation [1]. Towards realizing a fully controllable array we did a lot of experimental efforts, which include rotating single atoms in a ring optical lattice generated by a spatial light modulator [2], high efficient loading of two atoms into a microscopic optical trap by dynamically reshaping the trap with a spatial light modulator [3], and trapping a single atom in a blue detuned optical bottle beam trap [4]. Recently, we succeeded in trapping up to 6 atoms in a ring optical lattice with one atom in each site. Further laser cooling the array and manipulation of the inner states will provide chance to form Ryberg rings for quantum simulation. [4pt] [1] M. Saffman et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 2313 (2010)[0pt] [2] X.D. He et al., Opt. Express 17, 21014 (2009)[0pt] [3] X.D. He et al., Opt. Express 18, 13586 (2010)[0pt] [4] P. Xu et al., Opt. Lett. 35, 2164 (2010)

Teleportation of a two-mode entangled coherent state encoded with two-qubit information

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mishra, Manoj K.; Prakash, Hari

2010-09-01

We propose a scheme to teleport a two-mode entangled coherent state encoded with two-qubit information, which is better than the two schemes recently proposed by Liao and Kuang (2007 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 40 1183) and by Phien and Nguyen (2008 Phys. Lett. A 372 2825) in that our scheme gives higher value of minimum assured fidelity and minimum average fidelity without using any nonlinear interactions. For involved coherent states | ± αrang, minimum average fidelity in our case is >=0.99 for |α| >= 1.6 (i.e. |α|2 >= 2.6), while previously proposed schemes referred above report the same for |α| >= 5 (i.e. |α|2 >= 25). Since it is very challenging to produce superposed coherent states of high coherent amplitude (|α|), our teleportation scheme is at the reach of modern technology.

Development of a Spectropolarimetric Remote Sensing Capability

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

34Review of passive imaging polarimetry for remote sensing applications," Appl. Opt. 45, 5453-5469 (2006). [8] D. B. Chenault, "Infrared...Annen, “Hyperspectral IR polarimetry with application in demining and unexploded ordnance detection,” SPIE Vol. 3534 (1998). [30] Pesses, M... Polarimetry , Fourier Transform Spectrometer, DOLP, Spectropolarimetry, Stokes 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT UU 18

Improving Cancer Detection and Dose Efficiency in Dedicated Breast Cancer CT

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-02-01

17. A. E. Burgess, F. L. Jacobson, and P. F. Judy , “ Human observer detection experiments with mammograms and power-law noise,” Med. Phys., Vol. 28...Jacobson F L and Judy P F 2001 Human observer detection experiments with mammograms and power-law noise Med. Phys. 28 419–37 Crawford C R and Kak A C 1979...anthropomorphic head phantom was designed for realistically simulating human head [12], it features not only a natural human skeleton but also contrast

Macroscopic Quantum Coherence and Computing

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-02-08

G . Meyer, Phys. Rev. B, Vol. 59, No. 17 (1999). [4] V . K. Kornev, I. I. Soloviev, N. V . Klenov, N. F. Pedersen, I. V . Borisenko, P. B. Mozhaev and G ...Koval, and A. V . Ustinov, Nature 425, 155 (2003). [3] N. Gronbech-Jensen, Phys. Rev. B 45, 7315 (1992). [4] N. Gronbech-Jensen, M. G . Castellano, F...Makhlin, G . Schon, A. Shnirman, Reviews of modern physics, Volume 73, No. 2 (2001). [3] E. lI"ichev, V . Zakosarenko, R. P. J. Ijsselstejn, H. E. Hoenig, H

CKP Hierarchy, Bosonic Tau Function and Bosonization Formulae

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van de Leur, Johan W.; Orlov, Alexander Yu.; Shiota, Takahiro

2012-06-01

We develop the theory of CKP hierarchy introduced in the papers of Kyoto school [Date E., Jimbo M., Kashiwara M., Miwa T., J. Phys. Soc. Japan 50 (1981), 3806-3812] (see also [Kac V.G., van de Leur J.W., Adv. Ser. Math. Phys., Vol. 7, World Sci. Publ., Teaneck, NJ, 1989, 369-406]). We present appropriate bosonization formulae. We show that in the context of the CKP theory certain orthogonal polynomials appear. These polynomials are polynomial both in even and odd (in Grassmannian sense) variables.

Plasma Detachment Mechanisms in Propulsive Magnetic Nozzles

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-07

distribution is unlimited. 41A. Fruchtman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 065002 (2006). 42M. Merino and E. Ahedo, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 39, 2938 (2011). 43J...Ahedo, E., “Simulation of plasma flows in divergent magnetic nozzles,” IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol. 39, No. 11, 2011, pp. 2938 –2939...Plasma Science, Vol. 39, No. 11, 2011, pp. 2938 –2939. 14Zucrow, M. and Hoffman, J., Gas dynamics, Wiley, New York, 1976. 15Ahedo, E., “Parametric analysis

An Analytical Model of Periodic Waves in Shallow Water,

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-07-01

the KP equation , "f’ + 6f +x + 3 f 0 (1.8) "’ S(t o x yy describes their evolution if they are weakly two-dimensional ( Kadomtsev & Petviashvili ...directions. Both short-crested and long-crested waves are available from the model. Every wave pattern is an exact solution of the Kadomtsev - Petviashvili ...vol. 9, pp 65-66 Kadomtsev , B. B. & V. I. Petviashvili , 1970, Soy. Phys. Doklady, vol. 15, pp 539-541 Korteweg, D. J. & G. de~ries, 1895, Phil Mag

An Analytical Model of Periodic Waves in Shallow Water--Summary.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-01-01

Petviashvili equation , and is based on a Riemann theta function of genus 2. These bi-periodic waves are direct generalizations of the well-known (simply... Petviashvili (KP; 1970) equation , (ut 6uux + U ) 3uyy -0, (1) is a scaled, dimensionless equation that describes the evolution of long water waves of...Fluid Mech., vol. 92, pp 691-715 Dubrovin, B. A., 1981, Russ. Math. Surveys, vol. 36, pp 11-92 Kadomtsev , B. B. & V. I. Petviashvili , 1970,) Soy. Phys

Development and Translation of Hybrid Optoacoustic/Ultrasonic Tomography for Early Breast Cancer Detection

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-01

iterative algorithms of OAT to improve image fidelity. Laser ultrasound is generated through conversion of low -energy (about 100 µJ) 9 ns laser pulses ...Scherzinger, and T. Oughton, “Breast im- aging in coronal planes with simultaneous pulse echo and transmis- sion ultrasound ,” Science, vol. 214, no. 4525, pp...unidirectional pulse -echo ultrasound imaging,” Phys. Med. Biol., vol. 58, no. 17, art. no. 6163, 2013. [41] L. A. Romero, D. C. Ghiglia, C. C. Ober, and S. A

Spin and Magnetism: Two Transfer Matrix Formulations of a Classical Heisenberg Ring in a Magnetic Field.

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-06-01

determination of the partition function could be attempted. According to Gatteschi et al, however, [Ref. 15] when commenting on the quantum mechanical...1995 15. Gatteschi , D. et al, "Large Clusters of Metal Ions: The Transition from Molecular to Bulk Magnets" Science vol. 265, pp. 1054-1058, August... Gatteschi , D. et al, "Spin Dynamics in Mesoscopic Size Magnetic Systems... ", Phys. Rev. B, vol. 55, no. 21, 01 June, 1997 18. Tejeda, J. etal, "Quantum

A System Scale Theory for Fast Magnetic Reconnection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Knoll, D.; Chacon, L.; Lapenta, G.

2005-12-01

Magnetic reconnection is at the root of explosive phenomena such as solar flares, coronal mass ejections, plasmoid ejection from earth's magnetotail and major disruptions in magnetic fusion energy experiments. Plasmas in all the above mentioned cases are known to have negligible electric resistivity. This small resistivity can not explain the reconnection time scales observed in nature, when using the resistive MHD model. Recently much progress has been made considering the Hall MHD model. Hall physics has been shown to facility fast reconnection when the magnetic field shear scale length is in the order of the ion inertial length. However, in many systems of interest the initial scale lengths of the problem can not justify the use of Hall MHD. Thus a successful system scale theory must involve a current sheet thinning mechanism which brings the relevant scales down to the Hall scales. In this presentation we give examples of how naturally occurring hydrodynamic flows can provide such current sheet thinning [1,2,3] and where these occur in solar [4] and magnetosphere application [5]. We also discuss the primary obstacle for such flow to drive current sheet thinning, the build up of magnetic pressure, and how Hall MHD may overcome this obstacle. [1] Knoll and Brackbill, Phys. Plasmas, vol. 9, 2002 [2] Knoll and Chacon, PRL, vol. 88, 2002 [3] Knoll and Chacon, Phys. Plasmas, 2005 (submitted) [4] Lapenta and Knoll, ApJ, vol. 624, 2005 [5] Brackbill and Knoll, PRL, vol. 86, 2001

Direct longitudinal laser acceleration of electrons in free space

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carbajo, Sergio; Nanni, Emilio A.; Wong, Liang Jie; Moriena, Gustavo; Keathley, Phillip D.; Laurent, Guillaume; Miller, R. J. Dwayne; Kärtner, Franz X.

2016-02-01

Compact laser-driven accelerators are pursued heavily worldwide because they make novel methods and tools invented at national laboratories widely accessible in science, health, security, and technology [V. Malka et al., Principles and applications of compact laser-plasma accelerators, Nat. Phys. 4, 447 (2008)]. Current leading laser-based accelerator technologies [S. P. D. Mangles et al., Monoenergetic beams of relativistic electrons from intense laser-plasma interactions, Nature (London) 431, 535 (2004); T. Toncian et al., Ultrafast laser-driven microlens to focus and energy-select mega-electron volt protons, Science 312, 410 (2006); S. Tokita et al. Single-shot ultrafast electron diffraction with a laser-accelerated sub-MeV electron pulse, Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 111911 (2009)] rely on a medium to assist the light to particle energy transfer. The medium imposes material limitations or may introduce inhomogeneous fields [J. R. Dwyer et al., Femtosecond electron diffraction: "Making the molecular movie,", Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 364, 741 (2006)]. The advent of few cycle ultraintense radially polarized lasers [S. Carbajo et al., Efficient generation of ultraintense few-cycle radially polarized laser pulses, Opt. Lett. 39, 2487 (2014)] has ushered in a novel accelerator concept [L. J. Wong and F. X. Kärtner, Direct acceleration of an electron in infinite vacuum by a pulsed radially polarized laser beam, Opt. Express 18, 25035 (2010); F. Pierre-Louis et al. Direct-field electron acceleration with ultrafast radially polarized laser beams: Scaling laws and optimization, J. Phys. B 43, 025401 (2010); Y. I. Salamin, Electron acceleration from rest in vacuum by an axicon Gaussian laser beam, Phys. Rev. A 73, 043402 (2006); C. Varin and M. Piché, Relativistic attosecond electron pulses from a free-space laser-acceleration scheme, Phys. Rev. E 74, 045602 (2006); A. Sell and F. X. Kärtner, Attosecond electron bunches accelerated and compressed by radially polarized laser pulses and soft-x-ray pulses from optical undulators, J. Phys. B 47, 015601 (2014)] avoiding the need of a medium or guiding structure entirely to achieve strong longitudinal energy transfer. Here we present the first observation of direct longitudinal laser acceleration of nonrelativistic electrons that undergo highly directional multi-GeV /m accelerating gradients. This demonstration opens a new frontier for direct laser-driven particle acceleration capable of creating well collimated and relativistic attosecond electron bunches [C. Varin and M. Piché, Relativistic attosecond electron pulses from a free-space laser-acceleration scheme, Phys. Rev. E 74, 045602 (2006)] and x-ray pulses [A. Sell and F. X. Kärtner, Attosecond electron bunches accelerated and compressed by radially polarized laser pulses and soft-x-ray pulses from optical undulators, J. Phys. B 47, 015601 (2014)].

Significantly Improved Minority Carrier Lifetime Observed in a Long-Wavelength Infrared III-V Type-II Superlattice Comprised of InAs/InAsSb

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-12-22

G. D. Metcalfe, H. Shen, and M. Wraback, Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 251117 (2010). 6S. Bandara, P. Maloney, N. Baril , J. Pellegrino, and M. Tidrow...J. Cryst. Growth 334, 103 (2011). 10S. Bandara, P. Maloney, N. Baril , J. Pellegrino, and M. Tidrow, Opt. Eng. 50, 061015 (2011). 11Y.-H. Zhang, in

Magnetic and structural X-ray dichroïsms of metallic multilayers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pizzini, Stefania; Fontaine, A.; Baudelet, F.; Minr, S.; Giorgetti, C.; Dartyge, E.; Bobo, J. F.; Piecuch, M.

1995-05-01

Fe/Cu and Co/Cu multilayers are intensively studied because of their exceptional magnetic properties, i.e., their giant magnetoresistance and the oscillations of the magnetic coupling between magnetic layers as a function of the thickness of the copper spacer [S.S. Parkin et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 (1991) 2152; F. Petroff et al., Phys. Rev. B 44 (1991) 5355]. Spectroscopic approaches to the understanding of the coupling of ferromagnetic layers through a noble metal layer have been recently introduced, in particular spin-resolved photoemission [N.B. Brookes et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 67 (1991) 354; C. Carbone et al., PRL 71 (1993) 2805] inverse photoemission [J.E. Ortega et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 69 (1992) 844; Phys. Rev. B 47 (1993) 1540] and magnetic circular dichroism [S. Pizzini et al., MRS Symp. Proc., vol. 313 (1993); M.G. Samant et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 72 (1994) 2152; S. Pizzini et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 (1995) 1470]. X-ray absorption spectroscopy appears to be effective both for determination of the local structure, specific to the bidimensionality of the system but also for the electron symmetry-dependent evaluation of the spin polarisation of the noble metal as well as the magnetic element.

Magnetostatic Waves-Based Integrated Optic Bragg Cell Modules With Applications To RF Signal Processing

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-06-30

18-722, 1985. (b)N. Koshizuka, K. Ando, and T. Okuda, "Growth-Induced Birefringence in LPE - grown Iron Garnet Films ," in Proc. Int. Sy ,p...J. Martin, R. Wolf, R. C. LeCraw, and S. L. Black,"Switching and modulation of light in magneto-optic waveguides of garnet films ," Appl. Phys. Lett...in an Yttrium Iron Garnet Film ," Soy. Tech. Phys. Lett., Vol..1, pp.386-387, 1985. (c) A. A. Solomko. Yu. A. Gaidai, A. V. Dovzhenko, M. V

Antenna Impedance Measures in a Magnetized Plasma. Part 1. Spherical Antenna

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-10-16

3436 (1964) [2] Crawford FW, J. Appl. Phys 36 (10) 3142, (1965) [3] Dote T , Ichimiya T , Journal of Applied Physics 36 (6): 1866 (1965) [4] Oya H...Obayashi T , Report of Ionosphere and Space Research in Japan 20 (2): 199 (1966) [5] Balmain, K. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation vol.AP-14...no.3 : 402 (1966) [6] Uramoto J Physics Of Fluids 13 (3): 657 (1970) 5 [7] T . H. Y. Yeung and J. Sayers, Proc. Phys. Soc. London, Sect. B 70, 663

Measurements of Turbulent Transport of Fast Ions in the LAPD

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Y.; Boehmer, H.; Heidbrink, W. W.; McWilliams, R.; Zhao, L.; Carter, T.; Leneman, D.; Vincena, S.

2004-11-01

Understanding the spatial transport induced by fluctuations is important to the confinement of magnetized plasmas. The paradox of fast ions being much better confined than thermal ions, i.e. the effective diffusion coefficient of fast ions being much smaller than that of thermal ions, has been observed experimentally [1], explained theoretically [2], and analyzed by simulations [3]. Gyroradius averaging and drift averaging are two predicted effects that are responsible for reduced fast-ion transport. Our goal is to quantitatively confirm these effects and make further exploration by measuring fast-ion transport as a function of gyroradius in the LArge Plasma Device (LAPD) plasma with well-characterized background fluctuations. A 3D gridded analyzer is used to measure the spatial profile of the beam produced by an ion gun launching 500 eV Argon ions [4]. Strong drift wave fluctuations are generated by inserting a disk into the center of the plasma. First results will be presented. [1] W. Heidbrink, G. Sadler, Nucl. Fusion, Vol. 34, p. 535 (1994); [2] P. C. Efthimion et al., Plasma Phys. and Cont. Nucl. Fusion Res., Vol. 1, p. 307 (1988); [3] G. Manfredi, R. Dendy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, p. 4360 (1996); [4] H. Boehmer et al. , Rev. Sci. Instrum. , Vol. 75, p. 1013 (2002)

Development and Optimization of a Dedicated, Hybrid Dual-Modality SPECT-CmT System for Improved Breast Lesion Diagnosis

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

CT contrast agent, four 6.0mm nylon balls (Small Parts, Inc. Miami Lakes, FL) soaked in aqueous 99mTc-pertechnetate were used as markers and taped ...Inc, Miramar, Fl) were soaked in concentrated aqueous 99mTc and taped to the exterior surface of the breast phantom to act as fiducial markers for...vol. 21, pp. 48-55, 2006. [16] H. Erdogan and J. A. Fessler, "Ordered subsets algorithms for transmission tomography," Phys Med Biol, vol. 44, pp

An Advanced Flash Suppression Network Involving Alkali Salts

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-12-01

Potassium Tetroxide," J. Chem. -hys. Vol.4, p. 4 5 8 , 1936. A-8. JANAF Thermochemical Tables, 2nd Ed., D. R. Stull and H. Prophet, NSRDS-NBS-73, June 1971. A...34Structure of Potassium Tetroxide," J. Chem. Phys., Vol.4, p. 4 58 , 1936. A-8. JANAF Thlermochemical Tables, 2nd Ed., D. L Stull and H1. Prophet, NSRDS-NBS...A. Dean Washington, DC 20332 N. Chou P.O. Box 45 1Linden, NJ 07036 Kirtland AFB, NM 87117 Dirctor I Ford Aerospace and I N SIC Communications Corp

Jet-Like Flow and Thrust From a Flexible Flapping Foil in Stationary Fluid

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-12-29

considered as a movable hinge point which travels over the flap region resulting in differential flap portions, pulling and pushing the fluid about this 15...Fliegenflugel und Hypothesen uber zugeordnete instationare Stromungseffekte,” J. Comp. Physiol., vol. 133, pp. 351–355, 1979. [24] Rayner, J. M. V., “A vortex...ring by giving an impulse to a circular disk and then dissolving it away,” J. App. Phys., vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 104, 1953. 17 [28] Wagner H., “ Uber die

Enhancement of pump absorption efficiency by bending and twisting of double clad rare earth doped fibers (Conference Presentation)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koška, Pavel; Peterka, Pavel; Doya, Valérie; Aubrecht, Jan; Kasik, Ivan; Podrazký, Ondřej

2017-05-01

High-power operation of fiber lasers was enabled by the invention of cladding-pumping in a double-clad fiber structure. Because of existence of so called skew rays in the inner clad of the fiber, pump absorption saturates along the fiber and pumping becomes inefficient. First studies of pump absorption efficiency enhancement were focused on fibers with broken circular symmetry of inner cladding eliminating skew rays [1,2]. Later, techniques of unconventional fiber coiling were proposed [3]. However, theoretical studies were limited to the assumption of a straight fiber. Even recently, the rigorous model accounting for fiber bending and twisting was described [4-6]. It was found that bending of the fiber influences modal spectra of the pump radiation and twisting provides quite efficient mode-scrambling. These effects in a synergic manner significantly enhances pump absorption rate in double clad fibers and improves laser system efficiency. In our contribution we review results of numerical modelling of pump absorption in various types of double-clad fibers, e.g., with cross section shape of hexagon, stadium, and circle; two-fiber bundle (so-called GTWave fiber structure) a panda fibers are also analyzed. We investigate pump field modal spectra evolution in hexagonally shaped fiber in straight, bended, and simultaneously bended and twisted fiber which brings new quality to understanding of the mode-scrambling and pump absorption enhancement. Finally, we evaluate the impact of enhanced pump absorption on signal gain in the fiber. These results can have practical impact in construction of fiber lasers: with pump absorption efficiency optimized by our new model (the other models did not take into account fiber twist), the double-clad fiber of shorter length can be used in the fiber lasers and amplifiers. In such a way the harmful influence of background losses and nonlinear effects can be minimized. [1] Doya, V., Legrand, O., Mortessagne, F., "Optimized absorption in a chaotic double-clad fiber amplifier," Opt. Lett., vol. 26, no. 12, pp. 872-874, (2001). [2] Kouznetsov, D., Moloney, J. V., "Efficiency of pump absorption in double-clad fiber amplifiers. II. Broken circular symmetry," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 1259-1263, June 2002. [3] Li, Y., Jackson, S. D., Fleming, S., "High absorption and low splice loss properties of hexagonal double-clad fiber," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol 16, no. 11, pp. 2502-2504, Nov. 2004. [4] Ko\\vska, P. and Peterka, P., "Numerical analysis of pump propagation and absorption in specially tailored double-clad rare-earth doped fiber," Optical and Quantum Electronics, vol. 47, no. 9, pp. 3181-3191 (2015). [5] Ko\\vska, P., Peterka, P., and Doya, V., "Numerical modeling of pump absorption in coiled and twisted double-clad fibers," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., vol. 22, no. 2 (2016). [6] Ko\\vska, P., Peterka, P., Aubrecht, J., Podrazký, O., Todorov, F., Becker, M., Baravets, Y., Honzátko, P., and Kašík, I., "Enhanced pump absorption efficiency in coiled and twisted double-clad thulium-doped fibers," Opt. Express, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 102-107 (2016).

Elements of Dynamics of a One-Dimensional Trapped Bose-Einstein Condensate Excited by a Time-Dependent Dimple: A Lagrangian Variational Approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sakhel, Asaad R.; Sakhel, Roger R.

2018-02-01

We examine the dynamics of a one-dimensional harmonically trapped Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), induced by the addition of a dimple trap whose depth oscillates with time. For this purpose, the Lagrangian variational method (LVM) is applied to provide the required analytical equations. The goal is to provide an analytical explanation for the quasiperiodic oscillations of the BEC size at resonance, that is additional to the one given by Adhikari (J Phys B At Mol Opt Phys 36:1109, 2003). It is shown that LVM is able to reproduce instabilities in the dynamics along the same lines outlined by Lellouch et al. (Phys Rev X 7:021015, 2017). Moreover, it is found that at resonance the energy dynamics display ordered oscillations, whereas at off-resonance they tend to be chaotic. Further, by using the Poincare-Lindstedt method to solve the LVM equation of motion, the resulting solution is able to reproduce the quasiperiodic oscillations of the BEC.

Time-reversal symmetry in nonstationary Markov processes with application to some fluctuation theorems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Van Vliet, Carolyne M.

2012-11-01

Nonequilibrium processes require that the density operator of an interacting system with Hamiltonian H(t)=H0(t)+λV converges and produces entropy. Employing projection operators in the state space, the density operator is developed to all orders of perturbation and then resummed. In contrast to earlier treatments by Van Hove [Physica0031-891410.1016/S0031-8914(54)92646-4 21, 517 (1955)] and others [U. Fano, Rev. Mod. Phys.0034-686110.1103/RevModPhys.29.74 29, 74 (1959); U. Fano, in Lectures on the Many-Body Problem, Vol 2, edited by E. R. Caniello (Academic Press, New York, 1964); R. Zwanzig, in Lectures in Theoretical Physics, Vol. III, edited by W. E. Britten, B. W. Downs, and J. Downs (Wiley Interscience, New York, 1961), pp. 116-141; K. M. Van Vliet, J. Math. Phys.0022-248810.1063/1.523833 19, 1345 (1978); K. M. Van Vliet, Can. J. Phys. 56, 1206 (1978)], closed expressions are obtained. From these we establish the time-reversal symmetry property P(γ,t|γ',t')=P˜(γ',t'|γ,t), where the tilde refers to the time-reversed protocol; also a nonstationary Markovian master equation is derived. Time-reversal symmetry is then applied to thermostatted systems yielding the Crooks-Tasaki fluctuation theorem (FT) and the quantum Jarzynski work-energy theorem, as well as the general entropy FT. The quantum mechanical concepts of work and entropy are discussed in detail. Finally, we present a nonequilibrium extension of Mazo's lemma of linear response theory, obtaining some applications via this alternate route.

Progress towards a loophole-free test of nonlocality

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McCusker, Kevin; Christensen, Bradley; Kwiat, Paul; Altepeter, Joseph

2012-02-01

We report on our progress towards a loophole-free test of nonlocality using spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC). While the timing loophole can be easily closed in such a system by moving the detectors far apart [1], closing the detector loophole is significantly more difficult. In the standard Bell entangled states with the maximal violation of the CHSH inequality [2], an overall efficiency of 83% is required. This limit can be lowered to 67% by using non-maximally entangled states (although sensitivity to noise is greatly increased) [3]. We are carefully engineering our source to achieve maximal heralding efficiency, by optimizing both the spatial and spectral filtering, while keeping noise low using high-extinction-ratio polarizing beamsplitters. Combined with high-efficiency detectors, either optimized visible-light photon counters [4] or transition-edge sensors [5], closure of the detection loophole is within reach. [4pt] [1] G. Weihs et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 5039 (1998).[2] J. F. Clauser et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 23, 880 (1969).[3] P.H. Eberhard, Phys. Rev. A 47, R747 (1993).[4] S. Takeuchi et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 1063 (1999).[5] A. E. Lita, A. J. Miller, and S. Nam, Opt. Exp. 16, 3032 (2008).

Experimental demonstration of entanglement-assisted coding using a two-mode squeezed vacuum state

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mizuno, Jun; Wakui, Kentaro; Furusawa, Akira; Sasaki, Masahide

2005-01-01

We have experimentally realized the scheme initially proposed as quantum dense coding with continuous variables [

Theoretical study of electron impact triple differential cross sections of N2O by a multicenter distorted-wave method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gong, Maomao; Li, Xingyu; Zhang, Song Bin; Chen, Xiangjun

2018-05-01

A coplanar asymmetric (e, 2e) measurement on N2O has been reported in 1999 by Cavanagh and Lohmann (1999 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 32 L261), however, the relevant ab initio theoretical study is not available even up to now. In this work, we report theoretical studies of (e, 2e) triple differential cross sections of N2O at the same kinematics using a multicenter distorted-wave method. The influence of the multicenter nature of N2O molecule on the continuum wave function of the ejected electron has been largely considered. The computed results show good agreement with the experimental data for both outer valence 2π and inner valence 4σ orbitals.

Improved graph clustering

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

5, pp. 75–174, 2010. [2] J. Leskovec, K. J. Lang, A. Dasgupta, and M. W. Mahoney , “Statistical properties of community structure in large social and...2011. [14] R. R. Nadakuditi and M. Newman , “Graph spectra and the detectability of community structure in networks,” Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 108, no

Parametric Instabilities of Electron Cyclotron Waves in Plasmas.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-03-01

Perkins, PPPL -1578 (1979). 7. C. S. Liu, in Advances in Plasma Physics, edited by A. Simon and W. B. Thompson (Wiley, N. Y. 1976) Vol. 6. p. 121. 8. V. K. Tripathi, C. S. Liu and C. Grebogi, Phys. Fluids 22, 301 (1979). II II II1I. .. ,

Research Investigation Directed Toward Extending the Useful Range of the Electromagnetic Spectrum.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-03-31

tunneling devices are predicted to undergo a transition from energy detectors to photon counters at frequencies where the photon energy becomes...Ed. (Springer-Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg, 1977), vol. 19, Optical and Infrared Detectors , ch. 7, pp. 229-300. (16) M. C. Teich, Opt. Engineering 17...InSb, AuGe or a HgCdTe infrared detector . These detectors only viewed the emission through the appropriate infrared filters. The output from the

Advanced Topics in Space Situational Awareness

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-11-07

34super-resolution." Such optical superresolution is characteristic of many model-based image processing algorithms, and reflects the incorporation of...Sampling Theorem," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, vol. 24, 311-325 (2007). [39] S. Prasad, "Digital and Optical Superresolution of Low-Resolution Image Sequences," Un...wavefront coding for the specific application of extension of image depth well beyond what is possible in a standard imaging system. The problem of optical

Integration of Quantum Cascade Lasers and Passive Waveguides

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-01

Optics, 2005. (CLEO). Conference on , Vol. 2 (2005) pp. 863–865. 2J. Montoya , A. Sanchez-Rubio, R. Hatch, and H . Payson, Appl. Opt. 53, 7551 (2014...Integration of Quantum Cascade Lasers and Passive Waveguidesa) Juan Montoya ,1, b) Christine Wang,1 Anish Goyal,1 Kevin Creedon,1 Michael Connors,1...active sec- tion quantum cascade laser material is biased to achieve gain. Proton ( H +) implantation reduces the free-carrier con- centration and

Laser Hazards Bibliography

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-10-31

Report LA-3204, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, University of California, Los Alamos, NM (6 October 1964). 95. Craik , K. J. W., On the effects of...surgery (letter), Am J Opt, 97(5): 658-9,8 (May 1984). 437. Scott, Jennifer , "The computation of temperature rises in the human eye induced by infrared...radiation," Phys Med Biol, 33(2): 243-257 (1988). 438. Scott, Jennifer , "A finite modelof heat transport in the human eye," Phsy Med Biol, 33(2): 227-241

Research in Electronics - JSEP.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-03-01

17. H . Helvajian and C. Wittig, "Collisional Quenching of HgBr(B 2 4i/2), Opt. Commun. 30, 189 (1979). 18. H . Reisler and C. Wittig, "Electronic...Luminescence Resulting from IR Multiple Photon Excitation, " in ’Photoselective Chemistry, Part I,’ J. Jortner ed., Wiley, 1981. 19. H . Helvajian , M...to Intramolecular V E coupling in IR Laser Excited Polyatomics, " J. Chem. Phys., in press. 22. H . Helvajian and C. Wittig, "Vibrational Quenching of

High Density Ion Implanted Contiguous Disk Bubble Technology

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-03-31

Annealing," J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 43, No. 6, June, 1972, pp. 2883-2885. (4.14] P. Roschmann , W. Tolksdorf, and F. Welz, "Annealing Effects on Cation...706.I I * 57 [4.15] P. Roschmann , "Redistribution Kinetics of Ga and Al Substitutions in Yttrium Iron Garnet," Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic

Al/CuxO/Cu Memristive Devices: Fabrication, Characterization, and Modeling

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

where Js is the current density, q is the electron charge, ε0 is the permittivity of free space, εr is the dielectric constant of the material, k is...and N. Nagaosa, “Interfaces of Correlated Electron Systems: Proposed Mechanism for Colossal Electroresistance,” Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 95, p. 266403

A Multi-Scale Modeling and Experimental Program for the Dynamic Mechanical Response of Tissue

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-09

diseases ”. Speaker, Session Chair of Pathological Fibrils, American Crystallographic Association, Albuquerque NM, May 2014. Joseph Orgel (7...Nonlinear, Soft Matter Phys., vol. 73, no. 3, p. 031901, Mar. 2006. [4] S. Münster, L. M. Jawerth, B. a Leslie, J. I. Weitz, B. Fabry , and D. a Weitz

Squirmers with swirl: a model for Volvox swimming.

PubMed

Pedley, T J; Brumley, D R; Goldstein, R E

2016-07-10

Colonies of the green alga Volvox are spheres that swim through the beating of pairs of flagella on their surface somatic cells. The somatic cells themselves are mounted rigidly in a polymeric extracellular matrix, fixing the orientation of the flagella so that they beat approximately in a meridional plane, with axis of symmetry in the swimming direction, but with a roughly [Formula: see text] azimuthal offset which results in the eponymous rotation of the colonies about a body-fixed axis. Experiments on colonies of Volvox carteri held stationary on a micropipette show that the beating pattern takes the form of a symplectic metachronal wave (Brumley  et al.   Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol. 109, 2012, 268102). Here we extend the Lighthill/Blake axisymmetric, Stokes-flow model of a free-swimming spherical squirmer (Lighthill  Commun. Pure Appl. Maths , vol. 5, 1952, pp. 109-118; Blake  J. Fluid Mech. , vol. 46, 1971 b , pp. 199-208) to include azimuthal swirl. The measured kinematics of the metachronal wave for 60 different colonies are used to calculate the coefficients in the eigenfunction expansions and hence predict the mean swimming speeds and rotation rates, proportional to the square of the beating amplitude, as functions of colony radius. As a test of the squirmer model, the results are compared with measurements (Drescher  et al.   Phys. Rev. Lett. , vol. 102, 2009, 168101) of the mean swimming speeds and angular velocities of a different set of 220 colonies, also given as functions of colony radius. The predicted variation with radius is qualitatively correct, but the model underestimates both the mean swimming speed and the mean angular velocity unless the amplitude of the flagellar beat is taken to be larger than previously thought. The reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.

T-Duality in an H-Flux: Exchange of Momentum and Winding

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Han, Fei; Mathai, Varghese

2018-02-01

Using our earlier proposal for Ramond-Ramond fields in an H-flux on loop space (Han et al. in Commun Math Phys 337(1):127-150, 2015. arXiv:1405.1320), we extend the Hori isomorphism in Bouwknegt et al. (Commun Math Phys 249:383-415, 2004. arXiv:hep-th/0306062; Phys Rev Lett 92:181601, 2004. arXiv:hep-th/0312052) from invariant differential forms, to invariant exotic differential forms such that the momentum and winding numbers are exchanged, filling in a gap in the literature. We also extend the compatibility of the action of invariant exact Courant algebroids on the T-duality isomorphism in Cavalcanti and Gualtieri (in: CRM proceedings of lecture notes, vol 50, pp 341-365, American Mathematical Society, Providence, 2010 ), to the T-duality isomorphism on exotic invariant differential forms.

Atomic Tailoring of the Solid State Materials for Laser Cryogenic Coolers

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-01

Opt. 24, 1041 (1999) [15] C. W. Hoyt, M. Sheik- Bahae , R. I . Epstein, B. C. Edwards, and J. E. Anderson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3600 (2000) [16] J...21] M. Sheik- Bahae and R. I . Epstein, Nature Photonics, 1, 693 (2007) [22] M. Sheik- Bahae (Private Communications) [23] J. Fernandez, A. J...introduced and initiated by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. It was made possible by a grant from them. I greatly appreciate their

Materials for Optical Cryocoolers

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-07

Melgaard, R. I . Epstein, A. Di Lieto, M. Tonelli, and M. Sheik- Bahae , “Precise determination of minimum achievable temperature for solid-state optical...M. G. Brik and K. W. Krämer, J. Lumin., 2013, 136, 221–239. 13 D. V. Seletskiy, M. P. Hehlen, R. I . Epstein and M. Sheik- Bahae , Adv. Opt... I . Epstein, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2004, 92, 24740. 16 M. Sheik- Bahae and R. I . Epstein, Nat. Photonics, 2007, 1, 693–699. 17 G. Rupper, N. H. Kwong and R

Sideband Spectroscopy and Dispersion Measurement in Microcavities

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-11-07

high coherence, Brillouin microcavity laser on silicon ,” Opt. Express 20, 20170–20180, (2012). 12. T. Herr, K. Hartinger, J. Riemensberger, C. Y...ultrahigh-Q wedge- resonator on a silicon chip,” Nat. Photon. 6, 369–373 (2012). 11. J. Li, H. Lee, T. Chen, and K. J. Vahala, “Characterization of a ...microresonators,” Nat. Photon. 6, 480–487 (2012). 13. I. Grudinin, A . Matsko, and L. Maleki, “ Brillouin lasing with a CaF2 whispering gallery mode resonator,” Phys

Transition probabilities of Ce I obtained from Boltzmann analysis of visible and near-infrared emission spectra

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nitz, D. E.; Curry, J. J.; Buuck, M.; DeMann, A.; Mitchell, N.; Shull, W.

2018-02-01

We report radiative transition probabilities for 5029 emission lines of neutral cerium within the wavelength range 417-1110 nm. Transition probabilities for only 4% of these lines have been previously measured. These results are obtained from a Boltzmann analysis of two high resolution Fourier transform emission spectra used in previous studies of cerium, obtained from the digital archives of the National Solar Observatory at Kitt Peak. The set of transition probabilities used for the Boltzmann analysis are those published by Lawler et al (2010 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 43 085701). Comparisons of branching ratios and transition probabilities for lines common to the two spectra provide important self-consistency checks and test for the presence of self-absorption effects. Estimated 1σ uncertainties for our transition probability results range from 10% to 18%.

Corrigendum: The creation, destruction, and transfer of multipole moments in electron- and proton-impact ionization of atoms and ions (2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 245202)

DOE PAGES

Csanak, George; Inal, Mokhtar K; Fontes, Christopher John; ...

2015-04-15

The present corrigendum is dedicated to correcting unfortunate errors made in certain equations of our paper [1]. We should first stress the point that those errors have no serious consequences on the main results of the paper and most derived equations remain valid. This is a follow-up to the first corrigendum which was reported in reference [2] to correct errors of a similar nature in another previously reported work [3]. The source of all those errors resides in the treatment of charged-particle scattering and the subtle manipulations made to obtain some of the equations in both references [1, 3]. Allmore » equation numbers cited here correspond to those of [1] unless specified otherwise.« less

Generating grid states from Schrödinger-cat states without postselection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weigand, Daniel J.; Terhal, Barbara M.

2018-02-01

Grid (or comb) states are an interesting class of bosonic states introduced by Gottesman, Kitaev, and Preskill [D. Gottesman, A. Kitaev, and J. Preskill, Phys. Rev. A 64, 012310 (2001), 10.1103/PhysRevA.64.012310] to encode a qubit into an oscillator. A method to generate or "breed" a grid state from Schrödinger cat states using beam splitters and homodyne measurements is known [H. M. Vasconcelos, L. Sanz, and S. Glancy, Opt. Lett. 35, 3261 (2010), 10.1364/OL.35.003261], but this method requires postselection. In this paper we show how postprocessing of the measurement data can be used to entirely remove the need for postselection, making the scheme much more viable. We bound the asymptotic behavior of the breeding procedure and demonstrate the efficacy of the method numerically.

Optical second harmonic spectroscopy of silicon-adsorbate surfaces and silicon nanocrystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Downer, Michael

2002-03-01

Second harmonic generation (SHG) provides a surface-specific, noninvasive probe of adsorbates. However, microscopic first-principles theory of adsorbate-specific spectroscopic SHG responses has proven elusive. Here we present experimental SHG spectra for six well-characterized, technologically important Si(001) surfaces in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV): clean Si(001)-2x1 and Si(001) terminated with hydrogen (H), [1] germanium (Ge), Ge and H, [2] boron (B) and B and H. [3] Each adsorbate (combination) alters SHG uniquely. Our microscopic theories based on ab initio pseudopotential or semi-empirical tight-binding (SETB) methods then explain observed trends, and predict new features in unexplored spectral regions. [3,4] Charge transfer among surface bonds is found to govern SHG spectroscopy of surface-adsorbate systems strongly. New results on SHG from Si nanocrystals embedded in SiO2 will also be presented. [5] SHG is sensitive to Si/SiO2 interface states, electrostatic charge on the nanocrystals, and macroscopic particle density gradients. Finally, a new frequency-domain interferometric second-harmonic (FDISH) spectroscopic technique to measure simultaneously the intensity and phase of SH radiation over a broad spectral range without laser tuning will be described. [6] 1. J. Dadap et al., Phys. Rev. B 56, 13367 (1997). 2. P. Parkinson et al., Appl. Phys. B 68, 641 (1999). 3. D. Lim et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 3406 (2000); Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 181 (2000). 4. V. Gavrilenko et al., Phys. Rev. B 63, 1653 (2001); M. C. Downer et al., Surf. Interface Anal. 31, 966 (2001); M. C. Downer et al., phys. stat. sol. (a), in press (2001). 5. Y. Jiang et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 766 (2001). 6. P. T. Wilson et al., Opt. Lett. 24, 496 (1999).

Integral cross sections for electron impact excitation of the 1Σ+u and 1Πu electronic states in CO2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kawahara, H.; Kato, H.; Hoshino, M.; Tanaka, H.; Campbell, L.; Brunger, M. J.

2008-04-01

We apply the method of Kim (2007 J. Chem. Phys. 126 064305) in order to derive integral cross sections for the 1Σ+u and 1Πu states of CO2, from our corresponding earlier differential cross section measurements (Green et al 2002 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 35 567). The energy range of this work is 20 200 eV. In addition, the BEf-scaling approach is used to calculate integral cross sections for these same states, from their respective thresholds to 5000 eV. In general, good agreement is found between the experimental integral cross sections and those calculated within the BEf-scaling paradigm, over the entire common energy range. Finally, we employ our calculated integral cross sections to determine the electron energy transfer rates for these states, for a thermal electron energy distribution. Such transfer rates are in principle important for understanding the phenomena in atmospheres where CO2 is a dominant constituent, such as on Mars and Venus.

Proton imaging of stochastic magnetic fields

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bott, A. F. A.; Graziani, C.; Tzeferacos, P.; White, T. G.; Lamb, D. Q.; Gregori, G.; Schekochihin, A. A.

2017-12-01

Recent laser-plasma experiments (Fox et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 111, 2013, 225002; Huntington et al., Nat. Phys., vol. 11(2), 2015, 173-176 Tzeferacos et al., Phys. Plasmas, vol. 24(4), 2017a, 041404; Tzeferacos et al., 2017b, arXiv:1702.03016 [physics.plasm-ph]) report the existence of dynamically significant magnetic fields, whose statistical characterisation is essential for a complete understanding of the physical processes these experiments are attempting to investigate. In this paper, we show how a proton-imaging diagnostic can be used to determine a range of relevant magnetic-field statistics, including the magnetic-energy spectrum. To achieve this goal, we explore the properties of an analytic relation between a stochastic magnetic field and the image-flux distribution created upon imaging that field. This `Kugland image-flux relation' was previously derived (Kugland et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. vol. 83(10), 2012, 101301) under simplifying assumptions typically valid in actual proton-imaging set-ups. We conclude that, as with regular electromagnetic fields, features of the beam's final image-flux distribution often display a universal character determined by a single, field-scale dependent parameter - the contrast parameter s/{\\mathcal{M}}lB$ - which quantifies the relative size of the correlation length B$ of the stochastic field, proton displacements s$ due to magnetic deflections and the image magnification . For stochastic magnetic fields, we establish the existence of four contrast regimes, under which proton-flux images relate to their parent fields in a qualitatively distinct manner. These are linear, nonlinear injective, caustic and diffusive. The diffusive regime is newly identified and characterised. The nonlinear injective regime is distinguished from the caustic regime in manifesting nonlinear behaviour, but as in the linear regime, the path-integrated magnetic field experienced by the beam can be extracted uniquely. Thus, in the linear and nonlinear injective regimes we show that the magnetic-energy spectrum can be obtained under a further statistical assumption of isotropy. This is not the case in the caustic or diffusive regimes. We discuss complications to the contrast-regime characterisation arising for inhomogeneous, multi-scale stochastic fields, which can encompass many contrast regimes, as well as limitations currently placed by experimental capabilities on one's ability to extract magnetic-field statistics. The results presented in this paper are of consequence in providing a comprehensive description of proton images of stochastic magnetic fields, with applications for improved analysis of proton-flux images.

Threshold for the destabilisation of the ion-temperature-gradient mode in magnetically confined toroidal plasmas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zocco, A.; Xanthopoulos, P.; Doerk, H.; Connor, J. W.; Helander, P.

2018-02-01

The threshold for the resonant destabilisation of ion-temperature-gradient (ITG) driven instabilities that render the modes ubiquitous in both tokamaks and stellarators is investigated. We discover remarkably similar results for both confinement concepts if care is taken in the analysis of the effect of the global shear . We revisit, analytically and by means of gyrokinetic simulations, accepted tokamak results and discover inadequacies of some aspects of their theoretical interpretation. In particular, for standard tokamak configurations, we find that global shear effects on the critical gradient cannot be attributed to the wave-particle resonance destabilising mechanism of Hahm & Tang (Phys. Plasmas, vol. 1, 1989, pp. 1185-1192), but are consistent with a stabilising contribution predicted by Biglari et al. (Phys. Plasmas, vol. 1, 1989, pp. 109-118). Extensive analytical and numerical investigations show that virtually no previous tokamak theoretical predictions capture the temperature dependence of the mode frequency at marginality, thus leading to incorrect instability thresholds. In the asymptotic limit , where is the rotational transform, and such a threshold should be solely determined by the resonant toroidal branch of the ITG mode, we discover a family of unstable solutions below the previously known threshold of instability. This is true for a tokamak case described by a local local equilibrium, and for the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X, where these unstable solutions are present even for configurations with a small trapped-particle population. We conjecture they are of the Floquet type and derive their properties from the Fourier analysis of toroidal drift modes of Connor & Taylor (Phys. Fluids, vol. 30, 1987, pp. 3180-3185), and to Hill's theory of the motion of the lunar perigee (Acta Math., vol. 8, 1886, pp. 1-36). The temperature dependence of the newly determined threshold is given for both confinement concepts. In the first case, the new temperature-gradient threshold is found to be rather insensitive to the temperature ratio i/Te$ , at least for i/Te\\lesssim 1$ , and to be a growing function of the density gradient scale for i/Te\\gtrsim 1$ . For Wendelstein 7-X, the new critical temperature gradient is a growing function of the temperature ratio. The importance of these findings for the assessment of turbulence in stellarators and low-shear tokamak configurations is discussed.

Photonic Materials and Devices for Optical Information Processing and Computing Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-09-14

Odulov. and X. Soskin. "Diffraction or coupled - aves and ’.-termination of phase mismatch between ho- lographic ;rating and fringe pauter.’ Opt. Acta. vol...linear approximation is most accurate occur for strong levels of av - erage incoherent light illumination I. Two Grating Transcription. When an...Crystal Technology. Inc.. 1060 E. Meadow Circle. Palo Alto. CA 94303 Op-ed. Pnwenrnw and C e.N a0 Coynr C 19" by Acaro : PaSN . Inc. All non of hplrinua amy

Intensity-Dependence Absorption and Photorefractive Effects in Barium Titanate

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-09-01

S) barium titanate (U) George A. Brost , Ra and A. Motes, James R. Rotge’ 13& TYPE OF REPORT 13b. TIME COVERED 14. DATE OF REPORT (Yr.. Mo.. Day) 15...the copyright owner. Inthnsity-dependent absorption and photorefractive effects in barium titanate0 ELECTE 0 G. A. Brost , R. A. Motes, and 1. R. Rotge...Opt. Soc. Am. B/Vol. 5, No. 9/September 1988 Brost et al. CONDUCTION BAND the relative contributions of photoconductivities and dark conductivities

Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy for Temperature and Species Concentration in the Plume of a Supersonic Nozzle (Conference Paper with Briefing Charts)

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-07-12

Aλ(y)) from Figure 5 to be converted into integrated absorbance as a function of radius (A’λ(r)), by the use of an inverse Abel transform (Equation...harsh environments,” Appl. Opt., vol. 48, no. 29, p. 5546, Oct. 2009. (8) Figure 8: Radial temperature distribution from inverse Abel transform...Results – Data processing – Absorbance area – Temperature measurements o Path averaged o Abel inversion – Species Concentration 5) Conclusions and

Thermo-Mechanical and Thermal Behavior of High-Temperature Structural Materials.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-12-31

glass insulating tape to prevent fracture due to unknown stresses at Lhe rod ends. Because of the very high density of cracks in the alumina, this...143. [31] 0. L. Bowie, J. Math. Phys. 35 (1956) 60. [32] F. Erdogan : in Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics, Vol. 1, ed. by R. C. f Bradt, D. P. H

Method of Moments Analysis of Scattering by Chiral Media

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-07-01

Application to Chiral Polymer Design," J. Appl. Phys., vol. 63, pp. 280-284, Jan. 1988. [98] T. Guire, M. Umari , V. V. Varadan, and V. K. Varadan...34Microwave Mea- surements on Chiral Composites," June 1988 URSI Radio Science Meeting, Syracuse, NY. [99] M. H. Umari , V. V. Varadan, and V. K. Varadan

Nonlinear Wave Propagation

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-05-22

multidimensional systems of physi- cal significance. Prototypes are the Kadomtsev - Petviashvili and Davey-Stewartson equations . The nature of the boundary value...Ono equation bears many similarities to multidimensional problems, specifically the Kadomtsev - Petviashvili equation . In some sense the nonlocality...Inverse scattering and Direct Linearizing Transforms for the Kadomtsev - Petviashvili Equations , A.S. Fokas, and M.J. Ablowitz, Phys. Lett. Vol., 94A, No. 2

Adaptive Quantum Control of Charge Motion in Semiconductor Heterostructures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reitze, David

1998-05-01

Quantum control of electronic wavepacket motion and interactions using ultrafast lasers has moved from the conceptual stage to reality, in large part driven by advances in quantum control theory (R. J. Gordon and S. A. Rice, Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. (1997), in press.) (M. Shapiro and P. Brumer, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. V93, 1263 (1997).) (D. Neuhauser and H. Rabitz, Acc. Chem. Res. V26, 496 (1993).) and experimental pulse shaping methods (A. M. Weiner, D. E. Leaird, G. P. Wiederrecht, and K. A. Nelson, Science V247, 412 (1990).) (A. Efimov, C. Schaffer, and D. H. Reitze, J. Opt. Soc. Am VB12, 1968 (1995).). Here, we apply these methods to controlling charge motion in semiconductor heterostructures. Control of coherent charge dynamics in heterostructures enjoys an advantage in that spatial potential profiles can be adjusted almost arbitrarily. Thus, control of charge motion can be exerted by tailoring both the temporal and spatial interactions of the charges with the controlling optical and static fields. In this talk, we demonstrate an experimental feedback loop which adaptively shapes fs pulses in a quantum contol pump-probe experiment, apply it to the control of coherent wavepacket motion in DC-biased asymmetric double quantum well(ADQW) structures, and compare to theoretical predictions of quantum control in ADQWs (N. M. Beach, D. H. Reitze, and J. L. Krause, submitted to Opt. Exp.) (J. L. Krause, D. H. Reitze, G. D. Sanders, A. Kuznetsov, and C. J. Stanton, to appear in Phys. Rev. B).

Manipulation of optical-pulse-imprinted memory in a Λ system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gutiérrez-Cuevas, Rodrigo; Eberly, Joseph H.

2015-09-01

We examine coherent memory manipulation in a Λ -type medium, using the second-order solution presented by Groves, Clader, and Eberly [J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46, 224005 (2013), 10.1088/0953-4075/46/22/224005] as a guide. The analytical solution obtained using the Darboux transformation and a nonlinear superposition principle describes complicated soliton-pulse dynamics which, by an appropriate choice of parameters, can be simplified to a well-defined sequence of pulses interacting with the medium. In this report, this solution is reviewed and put to test by means of a series of numerical simulations, encompassing all the parameter space and adding the effects of homogeneous broadening due to spontaneous emission. We find that even though the decohered results deviate from the analytical prediction they do follow a similar trend that could be used as a guide for future experiments.

Automation and Preclinical Evaluation of a Dedicated Emission Mammotomography System for Fully 3-D Molecular Breast Imaging

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-10-01

concentrated aqueous 99m Tc and taped to the exterior surface of the breast phantom to act as fiducial markers for registration purposes. Two...34 Physica Medica, vol. 21, pp. 48-55, 2006. [16] H. Erdogan and J. A. Fessler, "Ordered subsets algorithms for transmission tomography," Phys Med Biol

A Multi-Scale Modeling Framework for Shear Initiated Reactions in Energetic Materials

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-07-01

Laboratory, 2004. 10. Fermen-Coker, M., “Numerical Simulation of Adiabatic Shear Bands in Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Due to Fragment Impact,” ARL-RP-91; U.S...V.G., “Application of the Morse Potential Function to Cubic Metals” Phys. Rev., Vol. 114, pp. 687- 690 , 1959. 15. McQuarrie, D.A., Statistical

Nuclear Structure of Rhenium-186 Revealed by Neutron-Capture Gamma Rays

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-01

σ0 [b] Reference 84(6) This Work 114(3) S. J. Friesenhahn [40] 112(2) S. F. Mughabghab [38] 100(8) H. Pomerance [41] 101(20) L. Seren [42] 116...41] H. Pomerance, "Thermal neutron capture cross sections," Phys. Rev., vol. 88, p. 412, 1952. [42] L. Seren , H. N. Friedlander and S. H. Turkel

Superconducting Generators for Airborne Applications and YBCO-Coated Conductors (Preprint)

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-10-01

Maiorov, M. E. Hawley , M. P. Maley, D. E. Peterson, “Strongly enhanced current densities in superconducting coated conductors of YBa2Cu3O7-x + BaZrO3...ed., New York: Taylor and Francis, 2001. [17] S. P. Ashworth, M. Maley, M. Suenaga, S. R. Foltyn, and J. O. Willis , J. Appl. Phys., vol. 88, p

Incorporating YBCO Coated Conductors in High-speed Superconducting Generators

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-07-01

Maiorov, M. E. Hawley , M. P. Maley, D. E. Peterson, ―Strongly enhanced current densities in superconducting coated conductors of YBa2Cu3O7-x + BaZrO3...2nd ed., New York: Taylor and Francis, 2001. [23] S. P. Ashworth, M. Maley, M. Suenaga, S. R. Foltyn, and J. O. Willis , J. Appl. Phys., vol. 88

Digest - International Conference on Optical and Millimeter Wave Propagation and Scattering in the Atmosphere Held in Florence, Italy on May 27-30, 1986.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-05-01

Physics Division, Graduate School of Applied Science and Technology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem , ISRAEL Introduction The correlation...A.M. Yaqlom, J. Math. Phys., 1, 48, 1960. 8] G. Eichmann , J.O.S.A., 61, 161, 1971. 9) D. Eve, Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), A347, 405, 1976. 10] L.S...the Turbulent Atmosphere on Wave Propagation, Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem , 1971. 123 Fried, D.L., J. Opt. Soc. Am. 55, 1427

Equilibrium 𝛽-limits in classical stellarators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Loizu, J.; Hudson, S. R.; Nührenberg, C.; Geiger, J.; Helander, P.

2017-12-01

A numerical investigation is carried out to understand the equilibrium -limit in a classical stellarator. The stepped-pressure equilibrium code (Hudson et al., Phys. Plasmas, vol. 19 (11), 2012) is used in order to assess whether or not magnetic islands and stochastic field-lines can emerge at high . Two modes of operation are considered: a zero-net-current stellarator and a fixed-iota stellarator. Despite the fact that relaxation is allowed (Taylor, Rev. Mod. Phys., vol. 58 (3), 1986, pp. 741-763), the former is shown to maintain good flux surfaces up to the equilibrium -limit predicted by ideal-magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), above which a separatrix forms. The latter, which has no ideal equilibrium -limit, is shown to develop regions of magnetic islands and chaos at sufficiently high , thereby providing a `non-ideal -limit'. Perhaps surprisingly, however, the value of at which the Shafranov shift of the axis reaches a fraction of the minor radius follows in all cases the scaling laws predicted by ideal-MHD. We compare our results to the High-Beta-Stellarator theory of Freidberg (Ideal MHD, 2014, Cambridge University Press) and derive a new prediction for the non-ideal equilibrium -limit above which chaos emerges.

Tables of X-ray absorption corrections and dispersion corrections: the new versus the old

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Creagh, Dudley

1990-11-01

This paper compares the data on X-ray absorption coefficients calculated by Creagh and Hubbell and tabulated in International Tables for Crystallography, vol. C, ed. A.J.C. Wilson (1990) section 4.2.4 [1] with empirical (Saloman, Hubbell and Scofield, At. Data and Nucl. Data Tables 38 (1988) 1, [6]) and semi-empirical (Hubbell, McMaster, Kerr Del Grande and Mallett, in: International Tables for Crystallography, vol. IV, eds. Ibers and Hamilton (Kynoch, Birmingham, 1974) [2]) tabulations as well as the renormalized relativistic Dirac-Hartree-Fock calculations of Scofield [6]. It also makes comparisons of the real part of the dispersion correction ƒ‧(ω, 0) and tabulated in ref. [1], with theoretical data sets (Cromer and Liberman, J. Chem. Phys. 53 (1970) 1891, and Acta Crystallogr. A37 (1981) 267 [4,5]; Wang, Phys. Rev. A34 (1986) 636 [85]; Kissel, in: Workshop Report on New Dimensions in X-ray Scattering, CONF-870459 (Livermore, 1987) p. 9 [86]) and data collected using a variety of experimental techniques. In both cases the data tabulated in ref. [1] is shown to give improved self-consistency and agreement with experiment.

Launching and controlling Gaussian beams from point sources via planar transformation media

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Odabasi, Hayrettin; Sainath, Kamalesh; Teixeira, Fernando L.

2018-02-01

Based on operations prescribed under the paradigm of complex transformation optics (CTO) [F. Teixeira and W. Chew, J. Electromagn. Waves Appl. 13, 665 (1999), 10.1163/156939399X01104; F. L. Teixeira and W. C. Chew, Int. J. Numer. Model. 13, 441 (2000), 10.1002/1099-1204(200009/10)13:5%3C441::AID-JNM376%3E3.0.CO;2-J; H. Odabasi, F. L. Teixeira, and W. C. Chew, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 28, 1317 (2011), 10.1364/JOSAB.28.001317; B.-I. Popa and S. A. Cummer, Phys. Rev. A 84, 063837 (2011), 10.1103/PhysRevA.84.063837], it was recently shown in [G. Castaldi, S. Savoia, V. Galdi, A. Alù, and N. Engheta, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 173901 (2013), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.173901] that a complex source point (CSP) can be mimicked by parity-time (PT ) transformation media. Such coordinate transformation has a mirror symmetry for the imaginary part, and results in a balanced loss/gain metamaterial slab. A CSP produces a Gaussian beam and, consequently, a point source placed at the center of such a metamaterial slab produces a Gaussian beam propagating away from the slab. Here, we extend the CTO analysis to nonsymmetric complex coordinate transformations as put forth in [S. Savoia, G. Castaldi, and V. Galdi, J. Opt. 18, 044027 (2016), 10.1088/2040-8978/18/4/044027] and verify that, by using simply a (homogeneous) doubly anisotropic gain-media metamaterial slab, one can still mimic a CSP and produce Gaussian beam. In addition, we show that a Gaussian-like beams can be produced by point sources placed outside the slab as well. By making use of the extra degrees of freedom (the real and imaginary parts of the coordinate transformation) provided by CTO, the near-zero requirement on the real part of the resulting constitutive parameters can be relaxed to facilitate potential realization of Gaussian-like beams. We illustrate how beam properties such as peak amplitude and waist location can be controlled by a proper choice of (complex-valued) CTO Jacobian elements. In particular, the beam waist location may be moved bidirectionally by allowing for negative entries in the Jacobian (equivalent to inducing negative refraction effects). These results are then interpreted in light of the ensuing CSP location.

0.27 GW Soft X-Ray Pulse Using a Plasma-Based Amplification Chain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oliva, E.; Fajardo, M.; Velarde, P.; Ros, D.; Sebban, S.; Zeitoun, P.

Seeding plasma-based soft-x-ray lasers (PBSXRL) with high order harmonics (HOH) has been demonstrated in plasmas created from gas targets (Zeitoun et al. in Nature 431:426, 2004 and solid targets (Wang et al. in Nat. Photonics 2:94, 2008), obtaining 1 μJ, 1 ps pulses. Reaching multi-microJoule, hundreds of fs regime is the ultimate goal. Recent papers (Oliva et al. in Opt. Lett. 34(17):2640-2642, 2009; Phys. Rev. E 82(5):056408, 2010) showed that increasing the width (up to 1 mm) of the plasma increases the amplification surface and improves the gain zone properties. Up to 20 μJ could be extracted when seeding but the temporal duration and profile was not studied. Simulations show that the HOH is weakly amplified whereas most of the energy is within a long (several picoseconds) wake induced by the HOH (Al'miev et al. in Phys. Rev. Lett. 99(12):123902, 2007; Kim et al. in Phys. Rev. Lett. 104:053901, 2010). Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) is also present in the output beam. Using the 1D Maxwell-Bloch code DeepOne (Oliva et al. in Phys. Rev. A 84(1):013811, 2011) we will show that fully coherent, wake and ASE-suppressed, 21.6 μJ, 80 fs pulse can be obtained when optimizing at the same time both the seed and the plasma conditions.

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution based on a plug-and-play dual-phase-modulated coherent-states protocol

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Duan; Huang, Peng; Wang, Tao; Li, Huasheng; Zhou, Yingming; Zeng, Guihua

2016-09-01

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) protocol using dual-phase-modulated coherent states. We show that the modulation scheme of our protocol works equivalently to that of the Gaussian-modulated coherent-states (GMCS) protocol, but shows better experimental feasibility in the plug-and-play configuration. Besides, it waives the necessity of propagation of a local oscillator (LO) between legitimate users and generates a real local LO for quantum measurement. Our protocol is proposed independent of the one-way GMCS QKD without sending a LO [Opt. Lett. 40, 3695 (2015), 10.1364/OL.40.003695; Phys. Rev. X 5, 041009 (2015), 10.1103/PhysRevX.5.041009; Phys. Rev. X 5, 041010 (2015), 10.1103/PhysRevX.5.041010]. In those recent works, the system stability will suffer the impact of polarization drifts induced by environmental perturbations, and two independent frequency-locked laser sources are necessary to achieve reliable coherent detection. In the proposed protocol, these previous problems can be resolved. We derive the security bounds for our protocol against collective attacks, and we also perform a proof-of-principle experiment to confirm the utility of our proposal in real-life applications. Such an efficient scheme provides a way of removing the security loopholes associated with the transmitting LO, which have been a notoriously hard problem in continuous-variable quantum communication.

Distributed meandering waveguides (DMWs) for novel photonic circuits (Conference Presentation)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dag, Ceren B.; Anil, Mehmet Ali; Serpengüzel, Ali

2017-05-01

Meandering waveguide distributed feedback structures are novel integrated photonic lightwave and microwave circuit elements. Meandering waveguide distributed feedback structures with a variety of spectral responses can be designed for a variety of lightwave and microwave circuit element functions. Distributed meandering waveguide (DMW) structures [1] show a variety of spectral behaviors with respect to the number of meandering loop mirrors (MLMs) [2] used in their composition as well as their internal coupling constants (Cs). DMW spectral behaviors include Fano resonances, coupled resonator induced transparency (CRIT), notch, add-drop, comb, and hitless filters. What makes the DMW special is the self-coupling property intrinsic to the DMW's nature. The basic example of DMW's nature is motivated through the analogy between the so-called symmetric meandering resonator (SMR), which consists of two coupled MLMs, and the resonator enhanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer (REMZI) [3]. A SMR shows the same spectral characteristics of Fano resonances with its self-coupling property, similar to the single, distributed and binary self coupled optical waveguide (SCOW) resonators [4]. So far DMWs have been studied for their electric field intensity, phase [5] and phasor responses [6]. The spectral analysis is performed using the coupled electric field analysis and the generalization of single meandering loop mirrors to multiple meandering distributed feedback structures is performed with the transfer matrix method. The building block of the meandering waveguide structures, the meandering loop mirror (MLM), is the integrated analogue of the fiber optic loop mirrors. The meandering resonator (MR) is composed of two uncoupled MLM's. The meandering distributed feedback (MDFB) structure is the DFB of the MLM. The symmetric MR (SMR) is composed of two coupled MLM's, and has the characteristics of a Fano resonator in the general case, and tunable power divider or tunable hitless filter in special cases. The antisymmetric MR (AMR) is composed of two coupled MLM's. The AMR has the characteristics of an add-drop filter in the general case, and coupled resonator induced transparency (CRIT) filter in a special case. The symmetric MDFB (SMDFB) is composed of multiple coupled MLM's. The antisymmetric MDFB (AMDFB) is composed of multiple coupled MLM's. The SMDFB and AMDFB can be utilized as band-pass, Fano, or Lorentzian filters, or Rabi splitters. Distributed meandering waveguide elements with extremely rich spectral and phase responses can be designed with creative combinations of distributed meandering waveguides structures for various novel photonic circuits. References [1 ] C. B. Dağ, M. A. Anıl, and A. Serpengüzel, "Meandering Waveguide Distributed Feedback Lightwave Circuits," J. Lightwave Technol, vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 1691-1702, May 2015. [2] N. J. Doran and D. Wood, "Nonlinear-optical loop mirror," Opt. Lett. vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 56-58, Jan. 1988. [3] L. Zhou and A. W. Poon, "Fano resonance-based electrically reconfigurable add-drop filters in silicon microring resonator-coupled Mach-Zehnder interferometers," Opt. Lett. vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 781-783, Apr. 2007. [4] Z. Zou, L. Zhou, X. Sun, J. Xie, H. Zhu, L. Lu, X. Li, and J. Chen, "Tunable two-stage self-coupled optical waveguide resonators," Opt. Lett. vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 1215-1217, Apr. 2013. [5] C. B. Dağ, M. A. Anıl, and A. Serpengüzel, "Novel distributed feedback lightwave circuit elements," in Proc. SPIE, San Francisco, 2015, vol. 9366, p. 93660A. [6] C. B. Dağ, M. A. Anıl, and A. Serpengüzel, "Meandering Waveguide Distributed Feedback Lightwave Elements: Phasor Diagram Analysis," in Proc. PIERS, Prague, 1986-1990 (2015).

Parameters for Quantitative Comparison of Two-, Three-, and Four-level Laser Media, Operating Wavelengths, and Temperatures

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-08-01

S) AND ADDRESS(ES) U.S. Army Research Laboratory ATTN: RDRL-SEE-O 2800 Powder Mill Road Adelphi, MD 20783-1197 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION...Kudryashov, and D. Gar - buzov, “Resonant pumping and upconversion in 1.6 m Er lasers,” J. Opt. Soc. Amer. B., vol. 24, pp. 2454–2460, Sep. 2007. [4] A...1 DIRECTOR US ARMY RESEARCH LAB IMNE ALC HRR 2800 POWDER MILL RD ADELPHI MD 20783-1197 1 DIRECTOR US ARMY RESEARCH LAB RDRL CIM

Three Important Taylor Series for Introductory Physics

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-09-01

series by the sum of its first few terms is useful throughout an introductory physics course . Example applications [1, 2] include estimating square...Lat. Am. J. Phys. Educ. Vol. 3, No. 3, Sept. 2009 535 http://www.journal.lapen.org.mx Three Important Taylor Series for Introductory Physics...one dimension, which instructively ties the mathematical development to physics concepts already presented in introductory courses . Keywords

Final Report on Contract F49620-85-C-0026. Volume 1.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-05-01

RFOSR-TR-S?-1349-VOL-1 UNCLMSSIFIED F40-BS-C46F/ 20/4 L E.EEEEEEEEE.E. 0 0 ’El..... oso - ~L.0 3 111IL25 . MJCROC(OP RESOLUTION TEST CHARI WiloUiAl SURIAU...Yakhot, R. Panda , U. Frisch, and R.H. Kraichnan, Weak Interactions and Local Order in Strong Turbulence, Phys. Rev. Let. (1986) submitted. -3- V. Yakhot

Recent Naval Postgraduate School Publications.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-04-01

Numerical models of ocean circulation and Climate interaction Revs, of Geophis,.and Space Phys., vol. 17, no. 7, p. 1494-1507, (1 979) Haney, R 1...POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE C06FEBENCE PRESENTATIONS Bradley, G H Enerqy modelling with network optimization...Systems Analysis, Sept., 97 Bradley, G H; Brown, G G Network optimization and defense modeling Center for Nay. Analyses, Arlington, Va., Aug., 1976

Recent Progress in Biomimetic Flow Control

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-19

trailing-edge, and wing surface devices, respectively. 2 Leading-edge devices Among various marine animals, the humpback whale is one of the... whale : a humpback whale (left) and the detailed view of a pectoral flipper (right). Photographs: William Rossitier. Figure 2: Variation of the lift...Fish, F. E. (2004), Leading-edge tubercles delay stall on humpback whale (Megaptera novaeanglieae) flippers, Phys. Fluids, Vol. 16, L39-L42

The Kelvin-Helmhotz instability and thin current sheets in the MHD and Hall MHD formalisms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chacon, L.; Knoll, D.

2005-12-01

Sheared magnetic fields and sheared flows co-exist in many space, astrophysical, and laboratory plasmas. In such situations the evolution of the Kelvin-Helmhotz instability (KHI) can have a significant impact on the topology of the magnetic field. In particular, it can result in current sheet thinning [2,3], which may allow Hall scales to become relevant and result in fast reconnection rates [1]. There are a number of interesting applications of this phenomena in the magnetosphere. We will discuss some of our recent work in this area [1,2,3] with special focus on Hall MHD effects on the KHI [1]. As an example, we will discuss the parameter regime in which the 2-D parallel KHI can evolve for sub-Alfvenic flows [1]. This may have important implication for dayside reconnection in the magnetopause. [1] Chacon, Knoll, and Finn, Phys. Lett. A, vol. 308, 2003 [2] Knoll and Chacon, PRL, vol. 88, 2002 [3] Brackbill and Knoll, PRL, vol. 86, 2001

Solid State Research.

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-08-01

Failure of Superconducting Microwave Filters: Investigation by Means of Thermal Imaging G. Hampel* P . Kolodner* P . L. Gammel* P . A. Polakos* E...deObaldia* P . M. Mankiewich* A. Anderson R. Slattery D. Zhang* G. C. Liang* C. F. Shih* Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 571 (1996) Reflective Linearized...Digest Series, Vol. 6 (Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 1996), p . 626 Effects of Low-Temperature-Grown GaAs and AlGaAs on the Current

Elucidating the Complex Lineshapes Resulting from the Highly Sensitive, Ion Selective, Technique Nice-Ohvms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hodges, James N.; Siller, Brian; McCall, Benjamin J.

2015-06-01

The technique Noise Immune Cavity Enhanced Optical Heterodyne Velocity Modulation Spectroscopy, or NICE-OHVMS, has been used to great effect to precisely and accurately measure a variety of molecular ion transitions from species such as H_3^+, CH_5^+, HeH^+, and HCO^+, achieving MHz or in some cases sub-MHz uncertainty. It is a powerful technique, but a complete theoretical understanding of the complex NICE-OHVMS lineshape is needed to fully unlock its potential. NICE-OHVMS is the direct result of the combination of the highly sensitive spectroscopic technique Noise Immune Cavity Enhanced Optical Heterodyne Molecular Spectroscopy(NICE-OHMS) with Velocity Modulation Spectroscopy(VMS), applying the most sensitive optical detection method with ion species selectivity. The theoretical underpinnings of NICE-OHMS lineshapes are well established, as are those of VMS. This presentation is the logical extension of those two preceding bodies of work. Simulations of NICE-OHVMS lineshapes under a variety of conditions and fits of experimental data to the model are presented. The significance and accuracy of the various inferred parameters, along with the prospect of using them to extract additional information from observed transitions, are discussed. J.~N. Hodges, et al. J. Chem. Phys. (2013), 139, 164201. A.~J. Perry, et al. J. Chem. Phys. (2014), 141, 101101. K.~N. Crabtree, et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. (2012), 551, 1-6. F.~M. Schmidt, et al. J. Opt. Soc. Amer. A (2008), 24, 1392--1405. J.~W. Farley, J. Chem. Phys. (1991), 95, 5590--5602.

LETTER TO THE EDITOR: Differential electron scattering from the (010) excited vibrational mode of N2O

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akther, P.; Johnstone, W. M.; El-Zein, A. A. A.; Campbell, L.; Teubner, P. J. O.; Brunger, M. J.; Newell, W. R.

2002-11-01

In this letter we report differential superelastic, elastic and inelastic electron scattering measurements from nitrous oxide (N2O) in its (010)* excited vibrational quantum. The incident electron energy was 2.5 eV and the scattered electron angular range was 10°- 40°. Unlike our previous results (1999 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 32 5779) with the isoelectronic molecule carbon dioxide (CO2), where the elastic differential cross sections (DCSs) for scattering from the (010)* mode were 2.3 times larger than those for elastic scattering from the ground (000) state, in N2O the corresponding (010)* elastic cross sections are usually only a fraction of those for the ground state. To the best of our knowledge, the present data are the first DCSs which have been reported in the literature for electron scattering from an excited vibrational level of the N2O molecule.

First Measurements of Deuterium-Tritium and Deuterium-Deuterium Fusion Reaction Yields in Ignition-Scalable Direct-Drive Implosions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Forrest, C. J.; Radha, P. B.; Knauer, J. P.; Glebov, V. Yu.; Goncharov, V. N.; Regan, S. P.; Rosenberg, M. J.; Sangster, T. C.; Shmayda, W. T.; Stoeckl, C.; Gatu Johnson, M.

2017-03-01

The deuterium-tritium (D-T) and deuterium-deuterium neutron yield ratio in cryogenic inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments is used to examine multifluid effects, traditionally not included in ICF modeling. This ratio has been measured for ignition-scalable direct-drive cryogenic DT implosions at the Omega Laser Facility [T. R. Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997), 10.1016/S0030-4018(96)00325-2] using a high-dynamic-range neutron time-of-flight spectrometer. The experimentally inferred yield ratio is consistent with both the calculated values of the nuclear reaction rates and the measured preshot target-fuel composition. These observations indicate that the physical mechanisms that have been proposed to alter the fuel composition, such as species separation of the hydrogen isotopes [D. T. Casey et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 075002 (2012), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.075002], are not significant during the period of peak neutron production in ignition-scalable cryogenic direct-drive DT implosions.

Strong-field control and enhancement of chiral response in bi-elliptical high-order harmonic generation: an analytical model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ayuso, David; Decleva, Piero; Patchkovskii, Serguei; Smirnova, Olga

2018-06-01

The generation of high-order harmonics in a medium of chiral molecules driven by intense bi-elliptical laser fields can lead to strong chiroptical response in a broad range of harmonic numbers and ellipticities (Ayuso et al 2018 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 51 06LT01). Here we present a comprehensive analytical model that can describe the most relevant features arising in the high-order harmonic spectra of chiral molecules driven by strong bi-elliptical fields. Our model recovers the physical picture underlying chiral high-order harmonic generation (HHG) based on ultrafast chiral hole motion and identifies the rotationally invariant molecular pseudoscalars responsible for chiral dynamics. Using the chiral molecule propylene oxide as an example, we show that one can control and enhance the chiral response in bi-elliptical HHG by tailoring the driving field, in particular by tuning its frequency, intensity and ellipticity, exploiting a suppression mechanism of achiral background based on the linear Stark effect.

Anticipated improvement in laser beam uniformity using distributed phase plates with quasirandom patterns

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Epstein, R.; Skupsky, S.

1990-08-01

The uniformity of focused laser beams, that has been modified with randomly phased distributed phase plates (C. B. Burckhardt, Appl. Opt. {bold 9}, 695 (1970); Kato and Mima, Appl. Phys. B {bold 29}, 186 (1982); Kato {ital et} {ital al}., Phys. Rev. Lett. {bold 53}, 1057 (1984); LLE Rev. {bold 33}, 1 (1987)), can be improved further by constructing patterns of phase elements which minimize phase correlations over small separations. Long-wavelength nonuniformities in the intensity distribution, which are relatively difficult to overcome in the target by thermal smoothing and in the laser by, e.g., spectral dispersion (Skupsky {ital et} {italmore » al}., J. Appl. Phys. {bold 66}, 3456 (1989); LLE Rev. {bold 36}, 158 (1989); {bold 37}, 29 (1989); {bold 37}, 40 (1989)), result largely from short-range phase correlations between phase plate elements. To reduce the long-wavelength structure, we have constructed phase patterns with smaller short-range correlations than would occur randomly. Calculations show that long-wavelength nonuniformities in single-beam intensity patterns can be reduced with these masks when the intrinsic phase error of the beam falls below certain limits. We show the effect of this improvement on uniformity for spherical irradiation by a multibeam system.« less

Study of cluster formation in a quasi-square well model of Janus ellipsoids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ruth, Donovan; Rickman, Jeffrey; Gunton, James; Li, Wei

2014-03-01

We investigate the effect of geometry and range of attractive interaction on the self-assembly of Janus particles. In particular, we consider Janus spheroids with an aspect ratio of 0.6 and a quasi-square well model with a short range attractive interaction of 0.2 sigma where sigma is the characteristic length of the spheroid. We find that below a certain transition temperature the system forms orientationally ordered micelles and vesicles, with a cluster distribution qualitatively similar to that found in an earlier study of Janus spheres. (Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. (2010) vol 12, 11869-11877, F. Sciortino, A. Giacometti and G. Pastore) Finally we discuss the implications of our work for encapsulation by self-assembly. Acknowledgement: This work was supported by a grant from the Mathers Foundation.

X-ray continuum as a measure of pressure and fuel–shell mix in compressed isobaric hydrogen implosion cores

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Epstein, R.; Goncharov, V. N.; Marshall, F. J.

Pressure, by definition, characterizes the conditions within an isobaric implosion core at peak compression [Gus'kov et al., Nucl. Fusion 16, 957 (1976); Betti et al., Phys. Plasmas 8, 5257 (2001)] and is a key parameter in quantifying its near-ignition performance [Lawson, Proc. Phys. Soc. London, B 70, 6 (1957); Betti et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 058102 (2010); Goncharov et al., Phys. Plasmas 21, 056315 (2014); and Glenzer et al., Phys. Plasmas 19, 056318 (2012)]. At high spectral energy, where the x-ray emission from an imploded hydrogen core is optically thin, the emissivity profile can be inferred from the spatially resolvedmore » core emission. This emissivity, which can be modeled accurately under hot-core conditions, is dependent almost entirely on the pressure when measured within a restricted spectral range matched to the temperature range anticipated for the emitting volume. In this way, the hot core pressure at the time of peak emission can be inferred from the measured free-free emissivity profile. The pressure and temperature dependences of the x-ray emissivity and the neutron-production rate explain a simple scaling of the total filtered x-ray emission as a constant power of the total neutron yield for implosions of targets of similar design over a broad range of shell implosion isentropes. This scaling behavior has been seen in implosion simulations and is confirmed by measurements of high-isentrope implosions [Sangster et al., Phys. Plasmas 20, 056317 (2013)] on the OMEGA laser system [Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)]. Attributing the excess emission from less-stable, low-isentrope implosions, above the level expected from this neutron-yield scaling, to the higher emissivity of shell carbon mixed into the implosion's central hot spot, the hot-spot “fuel–shell” mix mass can be inferred.« less

X-ray continuum as a measure of pressure and fuel–shell mix in compressed isobaric hydrogen implosion cores

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Epstein, R.; Goncharov, V. N.; Marshall, F. J.

Pressure, by definition, characterizes the conditions within an isobaric implosion core at peak compression [Gus’kov et al., Nucl. Fusion 16, 957 (1976); Betti et al., Phys. Plasmas 8, 5257 (2001)] and is a key parameter in quantifying its near-ignition performance [Lawson, Proc. Phys. Soc. London, B 70, 6 (1957); Betti et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 058102 (2010); Goncharov et al., Phys. Plasmas 21, 056315 (2014); and Glenzer et al., Phys. Plasmas 19, 056318 (2012)]. At high spectral energy, where the x-ray emission from an imploded hydrogen core is optically thin, the emissivity profile can be inferred from the spatially resolvedmore » core emission. This emissivity, which can be modeled accurately under hot-core conditions, is dependent almost entirely on the pressure when measured within a restricted spectral range matched to the temperature range anticipated for the emitting volume. In this way, the hot core pressure at the time of peak emission can be inferred from the measured free-free emissivity profile. The pressure and temperature dependences of the x-ray emissivity and the neutron-production rate explain a simple scaling of the total filtered x-ray emission as a constant power of the total neutron yield for implosions of targets of similar design over a broad range of shell implosion isentropes. This scaling behavior has been seen in implosion simulations and is confirmed by measurements of high-isentrope implosions [Sangster et al., Phys. Plasmas 20, 056317 (2013)] on the OMEGA laser system [Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)]. Attributing the excess emission from less-stable, low-isentrope implosions, above the level expected from this neutron-yield scaling, to the higher emissivity of shell carbon mixed into the implosion’s central hot spot, the hot-spot “fuel–shell” mix mass can be inferred.« less

Chaotic dynamics in the physical sciences (Lewis Fry Richardson Medal Lecture)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ott, Edward

2017-04-01

Chaos was discovered at the end of the 19th century by Poincare in his famous work on the motion of N>2 celestial bodies interacting through gravitational attraction. Although steady progress was made by mathematicians following Poincare's work, the widespread impact and development of chaos in the physical sciences is comparatively recent, i.e., approximately starting in the 1970's. This talk will review and comment on this history and will give some examples illustrating the types of questions, problems and results arising from perspectives resulting from the widespread participation of physical scientists in chaos research. One of these examples will be from our work on data assimilation for weather prediction [ Ott et al., Tellus A vol.56, 415 (2004); Patil, Phys. Rev. Lett. vol.86, 5878 (2001)].

Tunable Oscillations in Optically Injected Semiconductor Lasers With Reduced Sensitivity to Perturbations - Postprint

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-01

Squeezed light from injection- locked quantum well lasers ,” Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 71, pp. 3951–3954, 1993. [30] A. E. Siegman , Lasers , 1st ed...AFRL-RY-WP-TP-2014-0297 TUNABLE OSCILLATIONS IN OPTICALLY INJECTED SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS WITH REDUCED SENSITIVITY TO PERTURBATIONS -POSTPRINT...OSCILLATIONS IN OPTICALLY INJECTED SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS WITH REDUCED SENSITIVITY TO PERTURBATIONS - POSTPRINT 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER In-House 5b. GRANT NUMBER

Development of High Resolution Eddy Current Imaging Using an Electro-Mechanical Sensor (Preprint)

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-11-01

The Fluxgate Magnetometer ,” J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum., Vol. 12: 241-253. 13. A. Abedi, J. J. Fellenstein, A. J. Lucas, and J. P. Wikswo, Jr., “A...206 (2006). 11. Ripka, P., 1992, Review of Fluxgate Sensors, Sensors and Actuators, A. 33, Elsevier Sequoia: 129-141. 12. Primdahl, F., 1979...superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer system for quantitative analysis and imaging of hidden corrosion activity in aircraft aluminum

Stationary Digital Tomosynthesis System for Early Detection of Breast Tumors

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-01

Vol. 5745. 2005. 14. Y. Zhang, et al., A comparative study of limited-angle cone-beam reconstruction methods 505 for breast tomosynthesis. Med...opening angl em integratio designed line nia Dimension determine the try calibration th the detector ain is sent fro between XC urce not fou here...screening mammography. AJR, 2007. 189: p. 616. 12. P. Baldelli, et al., A prototype of a quasi-monochromatic system for mammography applications . Phys

Growth of Gallium Nitride Nanorods and Their Coalescence Overgrowth

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-09-07

absorption enhancements of amorphous silicon solar cells with periodical metal nanowall and nanopillar structures,” Optics Express, Vol. 20, No. S1, p...The obtained indium content can be slightly underestimated because certain incorporated indium atoms may diffuse out of the SSA image . However, such... luminescence InGaN/GaN quantum-well structures of various silicon -doping conditions,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 2506-2508 (2004). 41. R. K. Debnath, R

Conversion Gain in MM-Wave Quasiparticle Heterodyne Mixers,

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-01-01

superconductor-insulating oxide -superconductor SIS (Josephson) tunnel junc- tions [4-141. Due to the singularity in density of states of quasiparticles in the...superconductors on two sides of the oxide barrier, there is a sudden onset of quasiparticle tunneling current at bias voltage near the full...Phillips, and D. P. Woody, ’Low noise 115 GHz mixing in supercon- ducting oxide barrier tunnel junctions,’ App. Phys. Lett., vol. 34, pp. 347-349, March

Low Voltage Electron Beam Lithography

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-01-01

September 1970 (Societe Franaise do Microscopic Elecuouique, Plaris, 1970) Vol. 2, p. 55. [31 H . C. Pfeiffer, "Basic limitations of probefonning systems...USA (editors: 0. Jobari and I. Corvin). [4) T. Groves, D. L Hunmond, H . Kuo, ’Elecmnm-beam broadening effct caused by discreteness of space charge...Electron Microscope Gun". Br. J. Appi. Phys.. February 1952, pp. 40-46. M. E. Haine, P. A. Einstein, and P. H . Brocherd. "Resistance Bias

Comparison of Observed Toroidal Rotation with Neoclassical Transport Theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wong, S. K.; Chan, V. S.; Hinton, F. L.

2000-10-01

Toroidal rotations have been observed in Ohmic and ICRF discharges(J.E. Rice et al.), Nucl. Fusion 39 (1999) 1175. which have little overall momentum input. They are found to correlate with the thermal energy content and the magnitude of the plasma current and change sign relative to the plasma current in different conditions. Existing comparisons with neoclassical transport theory either focus on the relation of the rotation with the radial electric field or fail to use the full expression of the angular momentum flux. We seek to remedy this by invoking the correct expressions(M.N. Rosenbluth et al.), Plasma Phys. Contr. Nucl. Fusion Research (IAEA, Vienna, 1971), Vol. 1, p. 495.^,(R.D. Hazeltine, Phys. Fluids 17) (1974) 961.^,(F.L. Hinton and S.K. Wong, Phys. Fluids 28) (1985) 3082. which contain both diffusive and non-diffusive terms. Developmental work is performed to consider such issues as the presence of impurity ions, the occurrence of near-sonic flows, and the lack of up-down symmetry of flux surfaces. Comparison with experiments will be presented.

Quantum turing machine and brain model represented by Fock space

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Iriyama, Satoshi; Ohya, Masanori

2016-05-01

The adaptive dynamics is known as a new mathematics to treat with a complex phenomena, for example, chaos, quantum algorithm and psychological phenomena. In this paper, we briefly review the notion of the adaptive dynamics, and explain the definition of the generalized Turing machine (GTM) and recognition process represented by the Fock space. Moreover, we show that there exists the quantum channel which is described by the GKSL master equation to achieve the Chaos Amplifier used in [M. Ohya and I. V. Volovich, J. Opt. B 5(6) (2003) 639., M. Ohya and I. V. Volovich, Rep. Math. Phys. 52(1) (2003) 25.

Extended linear regime of cavity-QED enhanced optical circular birefringence induced by a charged quantum dot

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, C. Y.; Rarity, J. G.

2015-02-01

Giant optical Faraday rotation (GFR) and giant optical circular birefringence (GCB) induced by a single quantum-dot spin in an optical microcavity can be regarded as linear effects in the weak-excitation approximation if the input field lies in the low-power limit [Hu et al., Phys. Rev. B 78, 085307 (2008), 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.085307; Hu et al., Phys. Rev. B 80, 205326 (2009), 10.1103/PhysRevB.80.205326]. In this work, we investigate the transition from the weak-excitation approximation moving into the saturation regime comparing a semiclassical approximation with the numerical results from a quantum optics toolbox [Tan, J. Opt. B 1, 424 (1999), 10.1088/1464-4266/1/4/312]. We find that the GFR and GCB around the cavity resonance in the strong-coupling regime are input field independent at intermediate powers and can be well described by the semiclassical approximation. Those associated with the dressed state resonances in the strong-coupling regime or merging with the cavity resonance in the Purcell regime are sensitive to input field at intermediate powers, and cannot be well described by the semiclassical approximation due to the quantum-dot saturation. As the GFR and GCB around the cavity resonance are relatively immune to the saturation effects, the rapid readout of single-electron spins can be carried out with coherent state and other statistically fluctuating light fields. This also shows that high-speed quantum entangling gates, robust against input power variations, can be built exploiting these linear effects.

A plasma amplifier to combine multiple beams at NIF

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kirkwood, R. K.; Turnbull, D. P.; Chapman, T.; Wilks, S. C.; Rosen, M. D.; London, R. A.; Pickworth, L. A.; Colaitis, A.; Dunlop, W. H.; Poole, P.; Moody, J. D.; Strozzi, D. J.; Michel, P. A.; Divol, L.; Landen, O. L.; MacGowan, B. J.; Van Wonterghem, B. M.; Fournier, K. B.; Blue, B. E.

2018-05-01

Combining laser beams in a plasma is enabled by seeded stimulated Brillouin scattering which allows cross-beam energy transfer (CBET) to occur and re-distributes the energy between beams that cross with different incident angles and small differences in wavelength [Kirkwood et al. Phys. Plasmas 4, 1800 (1997)]. Indirect-drive implosions at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) [Haynam et al. Appl. Opt. 46, 3276-3303 (2007)] have controlled drive symmetry by using plasma amplifiers to transfer energy between beams [Kirkwood et al., Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 55, 103001 (2013); Lindl et al., Phys. Plasmas 21, 020501 (2014); and Hurricane et al. Nature 506, 343-348 (2014)]. In this work, we show that the existing models are well enough validated by experiments to allow a design of a plasma beam combiner that, once optimized, is expected to produce a pulse of light in a single beam with the energy greatly enhanced over existing sources. The scheme combines up to 61 NIF beams with 120 kJ of available energy into a single f/20 beam with a 1 ns pulse duration and a 351 nm wavelength by both resonant and off-resonance CBET. Initial experiments are also described that have already succeeded in producing a 4 kJ, 1 ns pulse in a single beam by combination of up to eight incident pump beams containing <1.1 kJ/beam, which are maintained near resonance for CBET in a plasma that is formed by 60 pre-heating beams [Kirkwood et al., Nat. Phys. 14, 80 (2018)].

Problems of Construction of Black Holes and Traversed Wormholes in Various Theories of Gravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karbanovski, Valeri; Kairov, Taimuraz.; Melehina, Olga

In the framework of general relativity found new vacuum solutions [1,2] for the spherically symmetric non-static metrics as a constant source ("dynamic analog" gravitational radius), and a source in the form of time-dependent functions. In the latter case, the conditions for a smooth cross-linking with the original static metric. Within Post-Einstein theory of gravitation (PETG, [3]), is consider the variant with zero scalar curvature of space-time is considered. Found external solutions for spherically symmetric objects that allow a smooth stitching at distances slightly exceeding the gravitational radius of the source. We also show that in the studied approach the traversable vacuum wormholes can not be realized. In the theory of gravity with vacuum polarization (TGVP, [4]) built vacuum static spherically symmetric nonsingular solutions. At this the "polarization effects" appear only under the gravitational radius of the source. Also obtained metric describing the vacuum traversable wormhole. References begin{enumerate} Karbanovski V.V. et. al. - JETP, 2012, Vol. 115, No. 2, pp. 208-211. Karbanovski V.V. et. al. - JETP, 2012, Vol. 115, No. 4, pp. 733. Karbanovski V.V. et. al. - Class. Quantum Grav., 2012, Vol. 29, No. 6, 065007. Karbanovski V.V. et. al. - Acta Phys. Pol. B, 2011, Vol. 42, No.1, p. 171.

Development of High Resolution Eddy Current Imaging Using an Electro-Mechanical Sensor (Postprint)

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-08-01

Primdahl, F., 1979, “The Fluxgate Magnetometer ,” J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum., Vol. 12: 241-253. 13. A. Abedi, J. J. Fellenstein, A. J. Lucas, and J. P...Issues 1-2, Pages 203-206 (2006). 11. Ripka, P., 1992, Review of Fluxgate Sensors, Sensors and Actuators, A. 33, Elsevier Sequoia: 129-141. 12...Wikswo, Jr., “A superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer system for quantitative analysis and imaging of hidden corrosion activity in

Proceedings of the Summer Equatorial Experiment Data Review Meeting, 18 March 1980,

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-11-01

longer wavelengths that approach the ion gyroradius. Huba and Ossakow - and Goldman and Sperling "l have shown that electron viscosity (from electron...Inhomogeneous Plasmas," Phys. Fluids, Vol. 22, No. 7, pp. 1349-1354 (July 1979). 13. Goldman, S. R. and J. L. Sperling , "Aspects of Late-Time...from that of Sperling and Goldman l1 because of a different definition of the thermal velocity. Based upon these assumptions, we obtain the following

Laser Kinetic Spectroscopic Studies of (a) The Unimolecular Reactions of Nitroalkanes and, (b) Elementary Reactions Important in Combustion.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-08-31

4, and F. Reislor and C. Wittig, J. Che.:,. Phys. 69 (1978) 3729. 17. G. flerzborg, Molecular Spectra andri3 Iolcul ’r StrulCt e, Vol-. 1, Spe~ctra... emision from reaction (1) vs 02 pressure. C2 1" was gencr~ted by : C2 HCHO photolysis at 193 nm; /k C2! 2 photo~ysis at 193 ni; [J C2 fBr photolysis at

Particle acceleration in explosive relativistic reconnection events and Crab Nebula gamma-ray flares

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lyutikov, Maxim; Komissarov, Serguei; Sironi, Lorenzo

2018-04-01

We develop a model of gamma-ray flares of the Crab Nebula resulting from the magnetic reconnection events in a highly magnetised relativistic plasma. We first discuss physical parameters of the Crab Nebula and review the theory of pulsar winds and termination shocks. We also review the principle points of particle acceleration in explosive reconnection events [Lyutikov et al., J. Plasma Phys., vol. 83(6), p. 635830601 (2017a); J. Plasma Phys., vol. 83(6), p. 635830602 (2017b)]. It is required that particles producing flares are accelerated in highly magnetised regions of the nebula. Flares originate from the poleward regions at the base of the Crab's polar outflow, where both the magnetisation and the magnetic field strength are sufficiently high. The post-termination shock flow develops macroscopic (not related to the plasma properties on the skin-depth scale) kink-type instabilities. The resulting large-scale magnetic stresses drive explosive reconnection events on the light-crossing time of the reconnection region. Flares are produced at the initial stage of the current sheet development, during the X-point collapse. The model has all the ingredients needed for Crab flares: natural formation of highly magnetised regions, explosive dynamics on the light travel time, development of high electric fields on macroscopic scales and acceleration of particles to energies well exceeding the average magnetic energy per particle.

Slow Light Using Electromagnetically Induced Transparency from Spin Coherence in [110] Strained Quantum Wells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chang, Shu-Wei; Chang-Hasnain, Connie J.; Wang, Hailin

2005-03-01

The electromagnetically induced transparency from spin coherence has been proposed in [001] quantum wells recently. [1] The spin coherence is a potential candidate to demonstrate semiconductor-based slow light at room temperature. However, the spin coherence time is not long enough to demonstrate a significant slowdown factor in [001] quantum wells. Further, the required transition of light-hole excitons lies in the absorption of heavy-hole continuum states. The extra dephasing and absorption from these continuum states are drawbacks for slow light. Here, we propose to use [110] strained quantum wells instead of [001] quantum wells. The long spin relaxation time in [110] quantum wells at room temperature, and thus more robust spin coherence, [2] as well as the strain-induced separation [3, 4] of the light-hole exciton transition from the heavy-hole continuum absorption can help to slow down light in quantum wells. [1] T. Li, H. Wang, N. H. Kwong, and R. Binder, Opt. Express 11, 3298 (2003). [2] Y. Ohno, R. Terauchi, T. Adachi, F. Matsukura, and H. Ohno, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 4196 (1999). [3] C. Y. P. Chao and S. L. Chuang, Phys. Rev. B 46, 4110 (1992). [4] C. Jagannath, E. S. Koteles, J. Lee, Y. J. Chen, B. S. Elman, and J. Y. Chi, Phys. Rev. B 34, 7027 (1986).

Solving three-body-breakup problems with outgoing-flux asymptotic conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Randazzo, J. M.; Buezas, F.; Frapiccini, A. L.; Colavecchia, F. D.; Gasaneo, G.

2011-11-01

An analytically solvable three-body collision system (s wave) model is used to test two different theoretical methods. The first one is a configuration interaction expansion of the scattering wave function using a basis set of Generalized Sturmian Functions (GSF) with purely outgoing flux (CISF), introduced recently in A. L. Frapicinni, J. M. Randazzo, G. Gasaneo, and F. D. Colavecchia [J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.JPAPEH0953-407510.1088/0953-4075/43/10/101001 43, 101001 (2010)]. The second one is a finite element method (FEM) calculation performed with a commercial code. Both methods are employed to analyze different ways of modeling the asymptotic behavior of the wave function in finite computational domains. The asymptotes can be simulated very accurately by choosing hyperspherical or rectangular contours with the FEM software. In contrast, the CISF method can be defined both in an infinite domain or within a confined region in space. We found that the hyperspherical (rectangular) FEM calculation and the infinite domain (confined) CISF evaluation are equivalent. Finally, we apply these models to the Temkin-Poet approach of hydrogen ionization.

First Measurements of Deuterium-Tritium and Deuterium-Deuterium Fusion Reaction Yields in Ignition-Scalable Direct-Drive Implosions.

PubMed

Forrest, C J; Radha, P B; Knauer, J P; Glebov, V Yu; Goncharov, V N; Regan, S P; Rosenberg, M J; Sangster, T C; Shmayda, W T; Stoeckl, C; Gatu Johnson, M

2017-03-03

The deuterium-tritium (D-T) and deuterium-deuterium neutron yield ratio in cryogenic inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments is used to examine multifluid effects, traditionally not included in ICF modeling. This ratio has been measured for ignition-scalable direct-drive cryogenic DT implosions at the Omega Laser Facility [T. R. Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)OPCOB80030-401810.1016/S0030-4018(96)00325-2] using a high-dynamic-range neutron time-of-flight spectrometer. The experimentally inferred yield ratio is consistent with both the calculated values of the nuclear reaction rates and the measured preshot target-fuel composition. These observations indicate that the physical mechanisms that have been proposed to alter the fuel composition, such as species separation of the hydrogen isotopes [D. T. Casey et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 075002 (2012)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.108.075002], are not significant during the period of peak neutron production in ignition-scalable cryogenic direct-drive DT implosions.

Inversion of Ionospheric Backscatter Radar Data in Order to Map and Model the Ionosphere

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-08-17

M., Wild, J . A., Lester, M., Yeoman, T . K., Milan, S. E., Ye, H., Devlin, J . C., Frey, H. U., and Kikuchi, T ., Interhemispheric asymmetries in the...Devlin, J . and Salim, T ., Evaluation of Digital Generation and Phasing Techniques for Transmitter Signals of the TIGER N.Z. Radar. WARS02 (Workshop on...17. Conde, M. and Dyson, P. L., Thermospheric Vertical Winds Above Mawson , Antarctica, J . Atmos. Terr. Phys., Vol. 57, 589-596, 1995. 18. Conde, M

Photochemical Ignition Studies. 3. Ignition by Efficient and Resonant Multiphoton Photochemical Formation of Microplasmas

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-06-01

Fragments," Chem. Phys., Vol. 33, p. 161, 1978. 5. R.C. Sausa, A.J. Alfano , and A.W. Miziolek, "ArF Laser Photoproduction and Sensitive Detection of Carbon...Unlversity/APL Chemical Propulsion I Purdue University Information Agency Department of Chomistry ATTN: TW. Christian ATTN: H. Grant Johns Hopkins...of Chemistry ATTN: T.W. Christian ATTN: E. Grant Johns Hopkins Road West Lafayette, IN 47906 Laurel, MD 20707 2 Purdue University University of

Study of Turbulence by Photon Correlation Spectroscopy

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-10-23

Hepp, and H . A. Weidenmuller (Springer Lecture Notes in Physics, Vol 12, 1972) p. 402. [17] A. Onuki , Phys. Lett. 127, 143 (1988). [18) K. R...of Turbulence", (W. I. Goldburg, P. Tong, and H . K. Pak), Physica D 38 (1989) 134-140. 2. "Scaling Laws in Weak Turbulence", (with H . K. Pak, W. I...Goldburg and P. Tong), (in press). 3. "An Experimental Study of Weak Turbulence", (with H . K. Pak and W. I. Goldburg), "Fluid Dynamics Research" (in

Singular Instantons and Painlevé VI

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Muñiz Manasliski, Richard

2016-06-01

We consider a two parameter family of instantons, which is studied in [Sadun L., Comm. Math. Phys. 163 (1994), 257-291], invariant under the irreducible action of SU_2 on S^4, but which are not globally defined. We will see that these instantons produce solutions to a one parameter family of Painlevé VI equations (P_VI}) and we will give an explicit expression of the map between instantons and solutions to P_{VI}. The solutions are algebraic only for that values of the parameters which correspond to the instantons that can be extended to all of S^4. This work is a generalization of [Muñiz Manasliski R., Contemp. Math., Vol. 434, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 2007, 215-222] and [Muñiz Manasliski R., J. Geom. Phys. 59 (2009), 1036-1047, arXiv:1602.07221], where instantons without singularities are studied.

Solution of Linearized Drift Kinetic Equations in Neoclassical Transport Theory by the Method of Matched Asymptotic Expansions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wong, S. K.; Chan, V. S.; Hinton, F. L.

2001-10-01

The classic solution of the linearized drift kinetic equations in neoclassical transport theory for large-aspect-ratio tokamak flux-surfaces relies on the variational principle and the choice of ``localized" distribution functions as trialfunctions.(M.N. Rosenbluth, et al., Phys. Fluids 15) (1972) 116. Somewhat unclear in this approach are the nature and the origin of the ``localization" and whether the results obtained represent the exact leading terms in an asymptotic expansion int he inverse aspect ratio. Using the method of matched asymptotic expansions, we were able to derive the leading approximations to the distribution functions and demonstrated the asymptotic exactness of the existing results. The method is also applied to the calculation of angular momentum transport(M.N. Rosenbluth, et al., Plasma Phys. and Contr. Nucl. Fusion Research, 1970, Vol. 1 (IAEA, Vienna, 1971) p. 495.) and the current driven by electron cyclotron waves.

Technical Digest of Papers Presented at the UK National Quantum Electronics Conference (11th) Held in Belfast, Northern Ireland on 30 August - 2 September 1993

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-09-02

R, Shepherd S, Sinclair B D and Dunn M H University of St Andrews (94) Nonlinear optical properties of a soluble form of polyisothionaphthene Page K...whose electron affinity is 0.75 eV. I. M. Bacal, G.W. Hamilton, H.J. Docet and J. Taillet, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 50 719 , (1979). 0 • • • •• • •0 0 0 la...Wu, H. J. Kimble, J. L. Hall and H. Wu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 2520 (1988) R. Loudon and P. L. Knight, J. mod. Opt. 34, 709 (1987). K. Zaheer and M. S

On the role of atomic metastability in the production of Balmer line radiation from ‘cold’ atomic hydrogen, deuterium and hydrogenic ion impurities in fusion edge plasmas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hey, J. D.

2012-03-01

Published arguments, which assign an important role to atomic metastability in the production of ‘narrow’ Zeeman component radiation from the boundary region of fusion plasmas, are examined critically in relation to l-redistribution by proton and electron collisions, and mixing of unperturbed atomic states by the ion microfield and microfield gradient. It is concluded that these important processes indeed severely constrain the contribution from ‘metastable’ states to the generation of the hydrogen Balmer spectra, for electron concentrations above 1012 cm-3, as pointed out before by the present author (Hey et al 1999 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 32 3555). The analysis of collision-induced l-redistribution represents an extension of that used previously (Hey et al 1996 Contrib. Plasma Phys. 36 583), applicable up to higher electron densities. For comparison purposes, we also consider the question of metastability of ionized helium in a low-temperature plasma, and that of some common hydrogenic impurities (C5+ and Ne9+) in a hydrogen (deuterium) fusion plasma. While for low nuclear charge Z the metastability of 2s1/2 levels is quenched by the plasma environment, it is much reduced in high-Z ions owing to the rapid increase with Z of the two-photon electric dipole (2E1) and magnetic dipole (M1) spontaneous transition rates to the ground state, whereas the role of the plasma in these cases is less important. The main new principle elaborated in this work is the sensitivity of atomic line strengths, and hence collision strengths, to perturbation by the plasma environment for transitions between fine-structure sublevels of the same principal quantum number. As the plasma microfield strength grows, ‘allowed’ transitions diminish in strength, while ‘forbidden’ transitions grow. However, owing to violation of the parity selection rule, there is an overall loss of collision strength available to transitions, resulting from the appearance of significant ‘self-strength’ contributions, in accord with the sum rules for the line strengths, which remain valid over the range of fields considered. Thus, the relative effectiveness per perturber of both electron and ion collisions, for inducing population transfer between fine-structure sublevels, diminishes as the sublevels evolve from a fine-structure dominated to a Stark-effect-dominated regime. In the concluding discussion, we mention that this finding may have a bearing on discrepancies claimed between Stark broadening theory developed by Griem (1967 Astrophys. J. 148 547) and by Watson (2006 J. Phys.B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 39 1889), and the measurements of Bell and co-workers (2000 Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 112 1236; 2011 Astrophys. Space Sci. 335 451) for high-n radio recombination lines from galactic H II regions. In the absence of detailed modelling to test this suggestion, however, it would be premature to attempt to draw any firm conclusions along these lines. This manuscript is dedicated to the memory of my esteemed colleague Dr. rer. nat. Manfred Korten (1940-2010).

WDM Laser Sources for the Defense University (Testbed) Research Internet Program (DUTRIP)

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-01-31

for the dark conductivity of the photodiodes. Under reverse bias, the dark current noise has the 1 // character and obeys the Hooge relation with a~3...at 1 Hz) =7.3X 10~ 29 A2/Hz. At this bias the magnitude of the l/ f noise for frequencies above • 2146 J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 83, No. 4,15...improving the signal-to- noise . For Ortel transmitters, a penalty of order 1 -2 dB was typically observed. BER Property of Nortel Transmitter 980817- 1

High-Power Copper Gratings for a Sheet-Beam Traveling-Wave Amplifier at G-Band

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

respectively). A. Two-Port CTF The CTF was CNC machined from OFHC copper. The gratings were tightly clamped into place in the fixture. The results of the... CNC machined such that only ten slots were exposed, followed by a short for the rest of the grating. Adaptors to standard WR5 and WR10 waveguides were...of low-voltage grating Cerenkov amplifiers,” Phys. Plasmas , vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 176–188, Jan. 1994. [11] C. D. Joye, J. P. Calame, K. T. Nguyen, and M

Crested Tunnel Barriers for Fast, Scalable, Nonvolatile Semiconductor Memories (Theme 3)

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-12-01

single layer Si0 2 with similar EOT [19]. In Fig. 2, the solid symbols represent the typical I-V characteristics of an AI/(HfON-Si3N4)/Si structure. The...black curve (with open symbols ) is a simulated I-V curve for theoretical Si0 2 with the same EOT. It can be seen clearly that it takes only 3 volts for...R. Wasser , B. Reichenberg, and S. Tiedke, "Resistive switching mechanism of TiO 2 thin films grown by atomic-layer deposition", J. App/. Phys., vol

Erratum to "Solar Sources and Geospace Consequences of Interplanetary Magnetic Clouds Observed During Solar Cycle 23-Paper 1" [J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys. 70(2-4) (2008) 245-253

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gopalswamy, N.; Akiyama, S.; Yashiro, S.; Michalek, G.; Lepping, R. P.

2009-01-01

One of the figures (Fig. 4) in "Solar sources and geospace consequences of interplanetary magnetic Clouds observed during solar cycle 23 -- Paper 1" by Gopalswamy et al. (2008, JASTP, Vol. 70, Issues 2-4, February 2008, pp. 245-253) is incorrect because of a software error in t he routine that was used to make the plot. The source positions of various magnetic cloud (MC) types are therefore not plotted correctly.

Simulations to Evaluate Accuracy and Patient Dose in Neutron-Stimulated, Emission-Computed Tomography (NSECT) for Diagnosis of Breast Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-04-01

table 1 and includes all of the excited state transitions that are included in the BNL database. In this study we considered only states that could be...16Cross Section Evaluation Working Group, ENDEIB-VI Summary Docu- mentation, Report BNL -NCS-17541 ENDF-201, edited by P. F. Rose, National Nuclear Data...Med. Phys., vol. 34, pp. 3866–3871, 2007. [37] National Nuclear Data Center BNL , NuDat 2.3 2007. [38] A. J. Kapadia and C. E. Floyd, “An attenuation

Visible Light Emitting Materials and Injection Devices

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-01-01

view to preventing the occurrence of faceting in these films. (II) MOCVD growth of II-VI materials (Tim Anderson) (11.1) Growth of novel Zn ZCd SSeI ...E.J. Stofko and R.J, Paff, "Synthesis and some properties of BeTe, BeSe, and BeS", J, Phys, Chem. Soiid. 33 (1972) 501. 2. R. Yamamoto, M . Inoue, K...Technology," SID Seminar Lecture Notes, 1988, Vol. 1 7. R.M. Park, M ,B. Troffer, and C.M. Rouleau, "p-type ZnSe by nitrogen atom beam doping during molecular

Preliminary Reports, Memoranda and Technical Notes of the Materials Research Council Summer Conference, La Jolla, CA

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-07-01

1298 (1974); T. Wei, S. Etemad, A. F. Garito and A. J. Heeger, Phys. Lett. 4_5a 269 (1973). G. A. Vhomas, et. al .. Solid State Comm. 0£, 000...C. Beer, Eds. (Academic Press, New York 1975) Vol. 11 (to be published). H. Fetterman et al ., IEEE Trans. MTT-22, 1013 (1974) 8. A. H. Silver...increasing temperature over extensive ranges. Such measure- ments were reported by Johnston et al .?1 for the fast ionic conductor RbAgJ,. Thermal

Wall-crossing between stable and co-stable ADHM data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ohkawa, Ryo

2018-06-01

We prove formula between Nekrasov partition functions defined from stable and co-stable ADHM data for the plane following method by Nakajima and Yoshioka (Kyoto J Math 51(2):263-335, 2011) based on the theory of wall-crossing formula developed by Mochizuki (Donaldson type invariants for algebraic surfaces: transition of moduli stacks, Lecture notes in mathematics, vol 1972, Springer, Berlin, 2009). This formula is similar to conjectures by Ito et al. [J High Energy Phys 2013(5):045, 2013, (4.1), (4.2)] for A1 singularity.

Anomalous Centrifugal Distortion in HDO and Spectroscopic Data Bases

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Coudert, L. H.

2015-06-01

The HDO molecule is important from the atmospheric point of view as it can be used to study the water cycle in the earth atmosphere. It is also interesting from the spectroscopic point of view as it displays an anomalous centrifugal distortion similar to that of the normal species H_2O. A model developed to treat the anomalous distortion in HDO should account for the fact that it lacks a two-fold axis of symmetry. A new treatment aimed at the calculation of the rovibrational energy of the HDO molecule and allowing for anomalous centrifugal distortion effects has been developed. It is based on an effective Hamiltonian in which the large amplitude bending ν_2 mode and the overall rotation of the molecule are treated simultaneously. Due to the lack of a two-fold axis of symmetry, this effective Hamiltonian contains terms arising from the non-diagonal component of the inertia tensor and from the Coriolis-coupling between the large amplitude bending ν_2 mode and the overall rotation of the molecule. This new treatment has been used to perform a line position analysis of a large body of infrared, microwave, and hot water vapor data involving the ground and (010) states up to J=22. For these 4413 data, a unitless standard deviation of 1.1 was achieved. A line intensity analysis was also carried out and allowed us to reproduce the strength of 1316 transitions^c with a unitless standard deviation of 1.1. In the talk, the new theoretical approach will be presented. The results of both analyses will be discussed and compared with those of a previous investigation. The new spectroscopic data base built will be compared with HITRAN 2012. Herbin et al., Atmos. Chem. Phys.~9 (2009) 9433; and Schneider and Hase, Atmos. Chem. Phys.~ 11 (2011) 11207. Coudert, Wagner, Birk, Baranov, Lafferty, and Flaud, J. Molec. Spectrosc.~251 (2008) 339. Johns, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B~2 (1985) 1340 Toth, J. Molec. Spectrosc.~162 (1993) 20 Paso and Horneman, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B~12 (1995) 1813 Toth, J. Molec. Spectrosc.~195 (1999) 73. Messer, De Lucia, and Helminger, J. Molec. Spectrosc.~105 (1984) 139; and Baskakov et al., Opt. Spectrosc.~63 (1987) 1016. Parekunnel et al., J. Molec. Spectrosc.~210 (2001) 28 Janca et al., J. Molec. Specrosc.~219 (2003) 132. Tennyson et al., J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer~111 (2010) 2160. Rothman et al., J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer~130 (2013) 4.

Progress in Direct-Drive Inertial Confinement Fusion

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McCrory, R.L.; Meyerhofer, D.D.; Betti, R.

Significant progress in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF) research has been made since the completion of the 60-beam, 30-kJ UV OMEGA Laser System [T. R. Boehly, Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)] in 1995. A theory of ignition requirements, applicable to any ICF concept, has been developed. Detailed understanding of laser-plasma coupling, electron thermal transport, and hot-electron preheating has lead to the measurement of neutron-averaged areal densities of ~200 mg/cm^2 in cryogenic target implosions. These correspond to an estimated peak fuel density in excess of 100 g/cm^3 and are in good agreement with hydrodynamic simulations. The implosions were performed using anmore » 18-kJ drive pulse designed to put the converging fuel on an adiabat of two. The polar-drive concept will allow direct-drive-ignition research on the National Ignition Facility while it is configured for indirect drive. Advanced ICF ignition concepts—fast ignition [Tabak et al., Phys. Plasmas 1, 1626 (1994)] and shock ignition [R. Betti et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 155001 (2007)]—have the potential to significantly reduce ignition driver energies and/or provide higher target gain.« less

Progress in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McCrory, R. L.; Meyerhofer, D. D.; Betti, R.

Significant progress in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF) research has been made since the completion of the 60-beam, 30-kJ{sub UV} OMEGA Laser System [Boehly, Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)] in 1995. A theory of ignition requirements, applicable to any ICF concept, has been developed. Detailed understanding of laser-plasma coupling, electron thermal transport, and hot-electron preheating has lead to the measurement of neutron-averaged areal densities of {approx}200 mg/cm{sup 2} in cryogenic target implosions. These correspond to an estimated peak fuel density in excess of 100 g/cm{sup 3} and are in good agreement with hydrodynamic simulations. The implosions were performed using anmore » 18-kJ drive pulse designed to put the converging fuel on an adiabat of two. The polar-drive concept will allow direct-drive-ignition research on the National Ignition Facility while it is configured for indirect drive. Advanced ICF ignition concepts - fast ignition [Tabak et al., Phys. Plasmas 1, 1626 (1994)] and shock ignition [Betti et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 155001 (2007)] - have the potential to significantly reduce ignition driver energies and/or provide higher target gain.« less

Dynamics of the Rydberg state population of slow highly charged ions impinging a solid surface at arbitrary collision geometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nedeljković, N. N.; Majkić, M. D.; Božanić, D. K.; Dojčilović, R. J.

2016-06-01

We consider the population dynamics of the intermediate Rydberg states of highly charged ions (core charge Z\\gg 1, principal quantum number {n}{{A}}\\gg 1) interacting with solid surfaces at arbitrary collision geometry. The recently developed resonant two-state vector model for the grazing incidence (2012 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 45 215202) is extended to the quasi-resonant case and arbitrary angle of incidence. According to the model, the population probabilities depend both on the projectile parallel and perpendicular velocity components, in a complementary way. A cascade neutralization process for {{{Xe}}}Z+ ions, for Z=15{--}45, interacting with a conductive-surface is considered by taking into account the population dynamics. For an arbitrary collision geometry and given range of ionic velocities, a micro-staircase model for the simultaneous calculation of the kinetic energy gain and the charge state of the ion in front of the surface is proposed. The relevance of the obtained results for the explanation of the formation of nanostructures on solid surfaces by slow highly charged ions for normal incidence geometry is briefly discussed.

Experimental validation of coil phase parametrisation on ASDEX Upgrade, and extension to ITER

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ryan, D. A.; Liu, Y. Q.; Kirk, A.; Suttrop, W.; Dudson, B.; Dunne, M.; Willensdorfer, M.; the ASDEX Upgrade team; the EUROfusion MST1 team

2018-06-01

It has been previously demonstrated in Li et al (2016 Nucl. Fusion 56 126007) that the optimum upper/lower coil phase shift ΔΦopt for alignment of RMP coils for ELM mitigation depends sensitively on q 95, and other equilibrium plasma parameters. Therefore, ΔΦopt is expected to vary widely during the current ramp of ITER plasmas, with negative implications for ELM mitigation during this period. A previously derived and numerically benchmarked parametrisation of the coil phase for optimal ELM mitigation on ASDEX Upgrade (Ryan et al 2017 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 59 024005) is validated against experimental measurements of ΔΦopt, made by observing the changes to the ELM frequency as the coil phase is scanned. It is shown that the parametrisation may predict the optimal coil phase to within 32° of the experimental measurement for n = 2 applied perturbations. It is explained that this agreement is sufficient to ensure that the ELM mitigation is not compromised by poor coil alignment. It is also found that the phase which maximises ELM mitigation is shifted from the phase which maximizes density pump-out, in contrast to theoretical expectations that ELM mitigation and density pump out have the same ΔΦ ul dependence. A time lag between the ELM frequency response and density response to the RMP is suggested as the cause. The method for numerically deriving the parametrisation is repeated for the ITER coil set, using the baseline scenario as a reference equilibrium, and the parametrisation coefficients given for future use in a feedback coil alignment system. The relative merits of square or sinusoidal toroidal current waveforms for ELM mitigation are briefly discussed.

Turbulent Heating and Fluctuation Characteristics in Alfvenic Turbulence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dorland, William

2005-10-01

Alfve'n waves are ubiquitous in natural and laboratory plasmas. In this talk, the main focus is on astrophysical plasmas that are turbulent, magnetized, hot and diffuse. The dynamically important characteristics of these plasmas are often well- described by magnetohydrodynamics [see e.g., Ref. 1]. However, much of what we actually observe is critically affected by how much of the turbulent energy is absorbed by (highly radiative) electrons [2], the amplitude of density fluctuations [3], and the spectral indices of turbulent, Alfve'nic cascades. These questions each have essentially kinetic aspects. In this talk, we present detailed simulations and analyses of of the cascade of shear Alfve'n waves, to and through scales comparable to the ion Larmor radius in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field. We demonstrate analytically and numerically that the nonlinear gyrokinetic equations, originally developed for fusion applications, are perfectly suited to these astrophysical problems. We present extensive linear and nonlinear gyrokinetic simulation results from the GS2 code. We demonstrate accurate resolution of the damping of kinetic Alfve'n waves in plasmas with beta small, large and comparable to unity, for a wide range of electron-to-ion temperature ratios, in linear and nonlinear contexts. We have used the GS2 code to calculate the turbulent energy absorption, density fluctuation characteristics, and spectral indices for plasmas with parameters taken from hot accretion flows and from the interstellar plasma. These results will be compared with theoretical predictions [2] and to observations. Co-authors: S. C. Cowley (UCLA), G. W. Hammett (PPPL), E. Quataert and G. Howes (UC-Berkeley), and A. Scheckochihin (Cambridge) 1. S. Balbus and J. Hawley, Rev Mod Phys, Vol. 70, p. 1. 2. E. Quataert and A. Gruzinov, Ap J, Vol. 520, p. 248; E. Quataert, Ap J, Vol. 500, p. 978.3. Y. Lithwick and P. Goldreich, Ap J, Vol. 562, p. 279.4. P. Goldreich and Sridhar, Ap J, Vol. 438, p. 763; P. Goldreich and Sridhar, Ap J, Vol. 485, p. 680.

Magnetic Reconnection and the Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Knoll, D. A.; Chacon, L.; Brackbill, J. U.; Lapenta, G.

2002-11-01

Results are presented from a continuing study of magnetic reconnection caused by the evolution of a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. To date we have studied 3-D compressible, subsonic and and sub-Alfvenic flow, with differential rotation (a gradient in vorticity parallel to the initial magnetic field) [1,2], as well as 2-D incompressible super-Alfvenic flow [3]. In both cases localized transient reconnection is observed on the Kelvin-Helmholtz time scale, and results indicate that the observed reconnection rate is insensitive to resistivity. In the present study we extend both the 2-D and the 3-D results found in [1,2,3]. In the extension of the 2-D work we focus on the fundamental differences in the nonlinear evolution of a low S simulation (S = 200) and a higher S simulation (S = 10,000). In the 3-D work we study the effects of a density discontinuity (present in [1] and not in [2]), along with study the effects of initial curved field lines in the absence of differential rotation. This basic plasma physics problem has possible application to dayside magnetosphere reconnection as a theoretical model for flux transfer events [1]. The general problem also has possible application to solar physics as it could provide a trigger mechanism for some class of coronal mass ejections. Both applications will be briefly discussed. [1] J.U. Brackbill and D.A. Knoll, Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 86 (2001). [2] D.A. Knoll and J.U. Brackbill, Physics of Plasmas, to appear (2002) [3] D.A. Knoll and L. Chacon, Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 88 (2002).

On the Onset of Thermocapillary Convection in a Liquid bridge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shukla, Kedar

Thermo capillary convection refers to motion driven by the application of a temperature gradient along the interface. The temperature gradient may be large enough to cause oscillations in the basic state of the fluid. The vast majority of the liquid bridge investigations performed aboard on the sounding rockets or the space shuttles [1, 2] focused on the float zone processes because the process has been regarded as a candidate for the space based manufacturing of semiconductor materials. Although the buoyancy effect is avoided in the floating zone techniques during space operation, it experiences surface tension driven convection initiated by the temperature gradient along the free surface of the zone [3]. The appearance of the oscillatory thermo capillary convection couples with the solidification processes leads to the striations and results into the degradation of the crystals [4, 5]. The half zone consists of the liquid bridge held between two solid, planar end walls across which a temperature gradient is applied. Thus the basic state of thermo capillary convection consists of a single toroidal roll with the surface motion directed downwards from the hot upper disc to the cold lower one. Bennacer et al [6] studied how different axial profiles of the heat flux affect the flow patterns and transition from ax symmetric steady to ax symmetric oscillatory flow. The three dimensional instability of liquid bridges located between isothermal differentially heated disks were studied by several authors [7-14]. The interface deformation caused by the gravity jitters depends on the volume of the liquid bridge and cause changes in the physical properties of the liquid, which ultimately influence the basic state of the fluid [15-16]. The paper discusses Marangoni convection in a liquid bridge subject to g-jitters in a micro gravity environment. The parametric excitement of the liquid bridge with surface tension variation along with the free surface is considered. We will follow the method of Shukla [17] for Boussinesq flow to model the convective instability in an axisymmetric flow in the liquid bridge. The surface deformation caused by g-jitters and its effects on the onset of oscillatory flow will be examined. References: [1] Grodzka, P.G. and Bannister, T.C., Heat flow and convection demonstration experiments abord Appolo 14, Science (Washington, D.C.), Vol.176, May 1972, pp. 506-508. [2] Bannister, T C., etal, NASA, TMX-64772, 1973. [3] Shukla, K.N. Hydrodynamics of Diffusive Processes, Applied Mechanics Review, Vol.54, No.5, 2001, pp. 391-404. [4] Chen, G., Lizee, A., Roux, B.,, Bifurcation analysis of the thermo capillary convection in cylindrical liquid bridge, J Crystal growth, Vol. 180, 1997, pp.638-647. [5] Imaishi, N., Yasuhiro, S., Akiyama, Y and Yoda, S., Numerical simulation of oscillatory Marangoni flow in half zone liquid bridge of low Prandtl number fluid, J., Crystal Growth, Vol. 230, 2001, pp. 164-171. [6] Bennacer, R., Mohamad, A.A., Leonardi, E., The effect o heat flux distribution on thermo capillary convection in a sideheated liquid bridge, Numer. Heat transfer, Part A, vol. 41, 2002, pp. 657-671. [7] Kuhlmann, H C., Rath, H J., Hydrodynamic instabilities in Cylindrical thermocapillary liquid bridges, J Fluid Mech., Vol. 247,1993, pp. 247-274. [8] Wanshura, M., Shevtsova, V M, Kuhlmann, H C and Rath, H J., Convective instability in thermocapillary liquid bridges, Phys. Fluids, Vol. 7, 1995, pp. 912-925. [9] Kasperski, G., Batoul, A., Labrosse, G., Up to the unsteadiness of axisymmetric thermocapillary low in a laterally heated liquid bridge, Phys. Fluids, Vol. 12, 2000, pp. 103-119. [10] Lappa, M., Savino, R., Monti, R., Three dimensional numerical simulation of Marangoni instabilities in non cylindrical liquid bridges in microgravity, Int. J Heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 44, 2001, pp. 1983-2003 [11] Zeng, Z, Mizuseki, H., Simamura, K., Fukud, T. Higashino, K, Kawaazoe, Y., Three dimensional oscillatory thermocapillary convection in liquid bridgeunder microgravity, Int. J heat Mass Transf., Vol. 44, 2001, pp. 3765-3774. [12] Kamotani, Y., Wang, L, Hatta, S., Wang, A., Yoda, S., Free surface heat loss effect on Oscillatory thermocapillary flow in a liquid bridges of high Prandtl number fluids, Int. J heat Mass Transfer, Vol. 46, 2003, pp. 3211-3220.

Explicit resolutions for the complex of several Fueter operators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bureš, Jarolim; Damiano, Alberto; Sabadini, Irene

2007-02-01

An analogue of the Dolbeault complex is introduced for regular functions of several quaternionic variables and studied by means of two different methods. The first one comes from algebraic analysis (for a thorough treatment see the book [F. Colombo, I. Sabadini, F. Sommen, D.C. Struppa, Analysis of Dirac systems and computational algebra, Progress in Mathematical Physics, Vol. 39, Birkhäuser, Boston, 2004]), while the other one relies on the symmetry of the equations and the methods of representation theory (see [F. Colombo, V. Souček, D.C. Struppa, Invariant resolutions for several Fueter operators, J. Geom. Phys. 56 (2006) 1175-1191; R.J. Baston, Quaternionic Complexes, J. Geom. Phys. 8 (1992) 29-52]). The comparison of the two results allows one to describe the operators appearing in the complex in an explicit form. This description leads to a duality theorem which is the generalization of the classical Martineau-Harvey theorem and which is related to hyperfunctions of several quaternionic variables.

Finite-beta equilibria for Wendelstein 7-X configurations using the Princeton Iterative Equilibrium Solver code

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arndt, S.; Merkel, P.; Monticello, D. A.; Reiman, A. H.

1999-04-01

Fixed- and free-boundary equilibria for Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) [W. Lotz et al., Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1990 (Proc. 13th Int. Conf. Washington, DC, 1990), (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1991), Vol. 2, p. 603] configurations are calculated using the Princeton Iterative Equilibrium Solver (PIES) [A. H. Reiman et al., Comput. Phys. Commun., 43, 157 (1986)] to deal with magnetic islands and stochastic regions. Usually, these W7-X configurations require a large number of iterations for PIES convergence. Here, two methods have been successfully tested in an attempt to decrease the number of iterations needed for convergence. First, periodic sequences of different blending parameters are used. Second, the initial guess is vastly improved by using results of the Variational Moments Equilibrium Code (VMEC) [S. P. Hirshmann et al., Phys. Fluids 26, 3553 (1983)]. Use of these two methods have allowed verification of the Hamada condition and tendency of "self-healing" of islands has been observed.

Stimulated Brillouin scattering in highly birefringent multimode tapered chalcogenide photonic crystal fiber for distributed optical sensors (Retraction Notice)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baili, Amira; Cherif, Rim; Zghal, Mourad

2016-09-01

This paper, originally published on September 15, 2016, was retracted from the SPIE Digital Library on October 5, 2016, due to a high degree of similarity between specific portions of the text of the paper to the following publications: J. Tchahame, J. Beugnot, A. Kudlinski, and T. Sylvestre, "Multimode Brillouin spectrum in a long tapered birefringent photonic crystal fiber," Opt. Lett. 40, 4281-4284 (2015). doi: 10.1364/OL.40.004281 W. W. Ke, X. J. Wang and X. Tang, "Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Model in Multi-Mode Fiber Lasers," in IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 305-314, Sept.-Oct. 2014. doi: 10.1109/JSTQE.2014.2303256.

Dose equations for shift-variant CT acquisition modes using variable pitch, tube current, and aperture, and the meaning of their associated CTDI{sub vol}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dixon, Robert L., E-mail: rdixon@wfubmc.edu; Boone, John M.; Kraft, Robert A.

2014-11-01

Purpose: With the increasing clinical use of shift-variant CT protocols involving tube current modulation (TCM), variable pitch or pitch modulation (PM), and variable aperture a(t), the interpretation of the scanner-reported CTDI{sub vol} is called into question. This was addressed for TCM in their previous paper published by Dixon and Boone [Med. Phys. 40, 111920 (14pp.) (2013)] and is extended to PM and concurrent TCM/PM as well as variable aperture in this work. Methods: Rigorous convolution equations are derived to describe the accumulated dose distributions for TCM, PM, and concurrent TCM/PM. A comparison with scanner-reported CTDI{sub vol} formulae clearly identifies themore » source of their differences with the traditional CTDI{sub vol}. Dose distribution simulations using the convolution are provided for a variety of TCM and PM scenarios including a helical shuttle used for perfusion studies (as well as constant mA)—all having the same scanner-reported CTDI{sub vol}. These new convolution simulations for TCM are validated by comparison with their previous discrete summations. Results: These equations show that PM is equivalent to TCM if the pitch variation p(z) is proportional to 1/i(z), where i(z) is the local tube current. The simulations show that the local dose at z depends only weakly on the local tube current i(z) or local pitch p(z) due to scatter from all other locations along z, and that the “local CTDI{sub vol}(z)” or “CTDI{sub vol} per slice” do not represent a local dose but rather only a relative i(z) or p(z). The CTDI-paradigm does not apply to shift-variant techniques and the scanner-reported CTDI{sub vol} for the same lacks physical significance and relevance. Conclusions: While the traditional CTDI{sub vol} at constant tube current and pitch conveys useful information (the peak dose at the center of the scan length), CTDI{sub vol} for shift-variant techniques (TCM or PM) conveys no useful information about the associated dose distribution it purportedly represents. On the other hand, the total energy absorbed E (“integral dose”) as well as its surrogate DLP remain robust (invariant) with respect to shift-variance, depending only on the total mAs = 〈i〉t{sub 0} accumulated during the total beam-on time t{sub 0} and aperture a, where 〈i〉 is the average current.« less

Bianchi type-I magnetized cosmological models for the Einstein-Boltzmann equation with the cosmological constant

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ayissi, Raoul Domingo, E-mail: raoulayissi@yahoo.fr; Noutchegueme, Norbert, E-mail: nnoutch@yahoo.fr

Global solutions regular for the Einstein-Boltzmann equation on a magnetized Bianchi type-I cosmological model with the cosmological constant are investigated. We suppose that the metric is locally rotationally symmetric. The Einstein-Boltzmann equation has been already considered by some authors. But, in general Bancel and Choquet-Bruhat [Ann. Henri Poincaré XVIII(3), 263 (1973); Commun. Math. Phys. 33, 83 (1973)], they proved only the local existence, and in the case of the nonrelativistic Boltzmann equation. Mucha [Global existence of solutions of the Einstein-Boltzmann equation in the spatially homogeneous case. Evolution equation, existence, regularity and singularities (Banach Center Publications, Institute of Mathematics, Polish Academymore » of Science, 2000), Vol. 52] obtained a global existence result, for the relativistic Boltzmann equation coupled with the Einstein equations and using the Yosida operator, but confusing unfortunately with the nonrelativistic case. Noutchegueme and Dongho [Classical Quantum Gravity 23, 2979 (2006)] and Noutchegueme, Dongho, and Takou [Gen. Relativ. Gravitation 37, 2047 (2005)], have obtained a global solution in time, but still using the Yosida operator and considering only the uncharged case. Noutchegueme and Ayissi [Adv. Stud. Theor. Phys. 4, 855 (2010)] also proved a global existence of solutions to the Maxwell-Boltzmann system using the characteristic method. In this paper, we obtain using a method totally different from those used in the works of Noutchegueme and Dongho [Classical Quantum Gravity 23, 2979 (2006)], Noutchegueme, Dongho, and Takou [Gen. Relativ. Gravitation 37, 2047 (2005)], Noutchegueme and Ayissi [Adv. Stud. Theor. Phys. 4, 855 (2010)], and Mucha [Global existence of solutions of the Einstein-Boltzmann equation in the spatially homogeneous case. Evolution equation, existence, regularity and singularities (Banach Center Publications, Institute of Mathematics, Polish Academy of Science, 2000), Vol. 52] the global in time existence and uniqueness of a regular solution to the Einstein-Maxwell-Boltzmann system with the cosmological constant. We define and we use the weighted Sobolev separable spaces for the Boltzmann equation; some special spaces for the Einstein equations, then we clearly display all the proofs leading to the global existence theorems.« less

Bianchi type-I magnetized cosmological models for the Einstein-Boltzmann equation with the cosmological constant

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ayissi, Raoul Domingo; Noutchegueme, Norbert

2015-01-01

Global solutions regular for the Einstein-Boltzmann equation on a magnetized Bianchi type-I cosmological model with the cosmological constant are investigated. We suppose that the metric is locally rotationally symmetric. The Einstein-Boltzmann equation has been already considered by some authors. But, in general Bancel and Choquet-Bruhat [Ann. Henri Poincaré XVIII(3), 263 (1973); Commun. Math. Phys. 33, 83 (1973)], they proved only the local existence, and in the case of the nonrelativistic Boltzmann equation. Mucha [Global existence of solutions of the Einstein-Boltzmann equation in the spatially homogeneous case. Evolution equation, existence, regularity and singularities (Banach Center Publications, Institute of Mathematics, Polish Academy of Science, 2000), Vol. 52] obtained a global existence result, for the relativistic Boltzmann equation coupled with the Einstein equations and using the Yosida operator, but confusing unfortunately with the nonrelativistic case. Noutchegueme and Dongho [Classical Quantum Gravity 23, 2979 (2006)] and Noutchegueme, Dongho, and Takou [Gen. Relativ. Gravitation 37, 2047 (2005)], have obtained a global solution in time, but still using the Yosida operator and considering only the uncharged case. Noutchegueme and Ayissi [Adv. Stud. Theor. Phys. 4, 855 (2010)] also proved a global existence of solutions to the Maxwell-Boltzmann system using the characteristic method. In this paper, we obtain using a method totally different from those used in the works of Noutchegueme and Dongho [Classical Quantum Gravity 23, 2979 (2006)], Noutchegueme, Dongho, and Takou [Gen. Relativ. Gravitation 37, 2047 (2005)], Noutchegueme and Ayissi [Adv. Stud. Theor. Phys. 4, 855 (2010)], and Mucha [Global existence of solutions of the Einstein-Boltzmann equation in the spatially homogeneous case. Evolution equation, existence, regularity and singularities (Banach Center Publications, Institute of Mathematics, Polish Academy of Science, 2000), Vol. 52] the global in time existence and uniqueness of a regular solution to the Einstein-Maxwell-Boltzmann system with the cosmological constant. We define and we use the weighted Sobolev separable spaces for the Boltzmann equation; some special spaces for the Einstein equations, then we clearly display all the proofs leading to the global existence theorems.

Effective aperture of X-ray compound refractive lenses.

PubMed

Kohn, V G

2017-05-01

A new definition of the effective aperture of the X-ray compound refractive lens (CRL) is proposed. Both linear (one-dimensional) and circular (two-dimensional) CRLs are considered. It is shown that for a strongly absorbing CRL the real aperture does not influence the focusing properties and the effective aperture is determined by absorption. However, there are three ways to determine the effective aperture in terms of transparent CRLs. In the papers by Kohn [(2002). JETP Lett. 76, 600-603; (2003). J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 97, 204-215; (2009). J. Surface Investig. 3, 358-364; (2012). J. Synchrotron Rad. 19, 84-92; Kohn et al. (2003). Opt. Commun. 216, 247-260; (2003). J. Phys. IV Fr, 104, 217-220], the FWHM of the X-ray beam intensity just behind the CRL was used. In the papers by Lengeler et al. [(1999). J. Synchrotron Rad. 6, 1153-1167; (1998). J. Appl. Phys. 84, 5855-5861], the maximum intensity value at the focus was used. Numerically, these two definitions differ by 50%. The new definition is based on the integral intensity of the beam behind the CRL over the real aperture. The integral intensity is the most physical value and is independent of distance. The new definition gives a value that is greater than that of the Kohn definition by 6% and less than that of the Lengeler definition by 41%. A new approximation for the aperture function of a two-dimensional CRL is proposed which allows one to calculate the two-dimensional CRL through the one-dimensional CRL and to obtain an analytical solution for a complex system of many CRLs.

Localized Synthesis of Silicon Nanocrystals in Silicon-rich SiO2 by CO2 Laser Annealing

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-05-01

damage problem since the peak Plaser of 4.4 MW/cm2 on the sample surface is far beyond the ablation threshold. Gallas et al. [16] then observed that...577-580, 2004. [9] A. F. Maciente, V. R. Mastelaro, A. L. Martinez , A. C. Hernandes, and C. A. C. Carneiro, “Surface crystallization of β-BaB2O4...J. Appl. Phys., vol. 95, pp. 4060-4068, 2004. [16] B. Gallas , C.-C. Kao, S. Fisson, G. Vuye, J. Rivory, Y. Bernard, and C. Belouet, “Laser

Generalized Kubo formulas for the transport properties of incommensurate 2D atomic heterostructures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cancès, Eric; Cazeaux, Paul; Luskin, Mitchell

2017-06-01

We give an exact formulation for the transport coefficients of incommensurate two-dimensional atomic multilayer systems in the tight-binding approximation. This formulation is based upon the C* algebra framework introduced by Bellissard and collaborators [Coherent and Dissipative Transport in Aperiodic Solids, Lecture Notes in Physics (Springer, 2003), Vol. 597, pp. 413-486 and J. Math. Phys. 35(10), 5373-5451 (1994)] to study aperiodic solids (disordered crystals, quasicrystals, and amorphous materials), notably in the presence of magnetic fields (quantum Hall effect). We also present numerical approximations and test our methods on a one-dimensional incommensurate bilayer system.

The Processing and Mechanical Properties of High Temperature/High Performance Composites. Book 7. In-Situ Measurements of Stress and Damage

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-04-01

Physics, Vol.72, No.12, 1992, pp.5535-5538. (12] Ragan, D.R., Gustavsen, R., and Schiferl , D., "Calibration of the Ruby R2 and R2 Fluorescence Shifts... Schiferl , D., "Pressure and Temperature Dependence of Laser-Induced Fluorescence of Sm:YAG to 100 kbar and 7000 C and an Empirical Model," Journal of...1964). IS. H. D’Amour. D. Schiferl , W. Denner, H. Schulz and 20. J. W. McCauley and G. V. Gibbs. Z. Knistallogr. 135, W, B. Holzapfel, J. appl. Phys. 49

Changes in particle transport as a result of resonant magnetic perturbations in DIII-D (vol 19, 056503, 2012)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mordijck, S.; Doyle, E. J.; McKee, G. R.

2012-01-01

Publisher s Note: Changes in particle transport as a result of resonant magnetic perturbations in DIII-D [Phys. Plasmas 19, 056503 (2012)]a) In the Invited Papers from the 53rd Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics of the May 2012 issue of the journal, this article was originally published online and in print in the incorrect section; it was published within Ionospheric, Solar-System and Astrophysical Plasmas (Sec. 65) instead of Magnetically Confined Plasmas, Heating, Confinement (Sec. 61). AIP apologizes for this error. a)

Effects of the Variable Lorentz Force on the Critical Current in Anisotropic Superconducting Thin Films (Postprint)

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-01

Phys. Lett., vol. 87, p. 162505, 2005. [2] J. L. Macmanus-Driscoll, S. R. Foltyn, Q. X. Jia, H. Wang, A. Serquis, L. Civale, B. Maiorov, M. E. Hawley ...B. Maiorov, L. Civale, Y. Lin, M. E. Hawley , M. P. Maley, and D. E. Peterson, “Systematic enhancement of in-field critical current density with rare...16, p. 162 507–1, 2005. [15] H. Safar, J. Y. Coulter, M. P. Maley, S. R. Foltyn, P. N. Arendt, X. D. Wu, and J. O. Willis , “Anisotropy and Lorentz

Streaming Potential In Rocks Saturated With Water And Oil

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tarvin, J. A.; Caston, A.

2011-12-01

Fluids flowing through porous media generate electrical currents. These currents cause electric potentials, called "streaming potentials." Streaming potential amplitude depends on the applied pressure gradient, on rock and fluid properties, and on the interaction between rock and fluid. Streaming potential has been measured for rocks saturated with water (1) and with water-gas mixtures. (2) Few measurements (3) have been reported for rocks saturated with water-oil mixtures. We measured streaming potential for sandstone and limestone saturated with a mixture of brine and laboratory oil. Cylindrical samples were initially saturated with brine and submerged in oil. Saturation was changed by pumping oil from one end of a sample to the other and then through the sample in the opposite direction. Saturation was estimated from sample resistivity. The final saturation of each sample was determined by heating the sample in a closed container and measuring the pressure. Measurements were made by modulating the pressure difference (of oil) between the ends of a sample at multiple frequencies below 20 Hz. The observed streaming potential is a weak function of the saturation. Since sample conductivity decreases with increasing oil saturation, the electro-kinetic coupling coefficient (Pride's L (4)) decreases with increasing oil saturation. (1) David B. Pengra and Po-zen Wong, Colloids and Surfaces, vol., p. 159 283-292 (1999). (2) Eve S. Sprunt, Tony B. Mercer, and Nizar F. Djabbarah, Geophysics, vol. 59, p. 707-711 (1994). (3) Vinogradov, J., Jackson, M.D., Geophysical Res. L., Vol. 38, Article L01301 (2011). (4) Steve Pride, Phys. Rev. B, vol. 50, pp. 15678-15696 (1994).

Anomalous yield reduction in direct-drive deuterium/tritium implosions due to 3He addition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Herrmann, H. W.; Langenbrunner, J. R.; Mack, J. M.; Cooley, J. H.; Wilson, D. C.; Evans, S. C.; Sedillo, T. J.; Kyrala, G. A.; Caldwell, S. E.; Young, C. S.; Nobile, A.; Wermer, J.; Paglieri, S.; McEvoy, A. M.; Kim, Y.; Batha, S. H.; Horsfield, C. J.; Drew, D.; Garbett, W.; Rubery, M.; Glebov, V. Yu.; Roberts, S.; Frenje, J. A.

2009-05-01

Glass capsules were imploded in direct drive on the OMEGA laser [Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)] to look for anomalous degradation in deuterium/tritium (DT) yield and changes in reaction history with H3e addition. Such anomalies have previously been reported for D/H3e plasmas but had not yet been investigated for DT/H3e. Anomalies such as these provide fertile ground for furthering our physics understanding of inertial confinement fusion implosions and capsule performance. Anomalous degradation in the compression component of yield was observed, consistent with the "factor of 2" degradation previously reported by Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) at a 50% H3e atom fraction in D2 using plastic capsules [Rygg, Phys. Plasmas 13, 052702 (2006)]. However, clean calculations (i.e., no fuel-shell mixing) predict the shock component of yield quite well, contrary to the result reported by MIT but consistent with Los Alamos National Laboratory results in D2/H3e [Wilson et al., J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 112, 022015 (2008)]. X-ray imaging suggests less-than-predicted compression of capsules containing H3e. Leading candidate explanations are poorly understood equation of state for gas mixtures and unanticipated particle pressure variation with increasing H3e addition.

Theoretical quantification of shock-timing sensitivities for direct-drive inertial confinement fusion implosions on OMEGA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cao, D.; Boehly, T. R.; Gregor, M. C.; Polsin, D. N.; Davis, A. K.; Radha, P. B.; Regan, S. P.; Goncharov, V. N.

2018-05-01

Using temporally shaped laser pulses, multiple shocks can be launched in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion implosion experiments to set the shell on a desired isentrope or adiabat. The velocity of the first shock and the times at which subsequent shocks catch up to it are measured through the velocity interferometry system for any reflector diagnostic [T. R. Boehly et al., Phys. Plasmas 18, 092706 (2011)] on OMEGA [T. R. Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)]. Simulations reproduce these velocity and shock-merger time measurements when using laser pulses designed for setting mid-adiabat (α ˜ 3) implosions, but agreement degrades for lower-adiabat (α ˜ 1) designs. Simulation results indicate that the shock timing discrepancy is most sensitive to details of the density and temperature profiles in the coronal plasma, which influences the laser energy coupled into the target, and only marginally sensitive to the target offset and beam power imbalance. To aid in verifying the coronal profile's influence, a new technique under development to infer coronal profiles using x-ray self-emission imaging [A. K. Davis et al., Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 61, BAPS.2016.DPP.NO8.7 (2016)] can be applied to the pulse shapes used in shock-timing experiments.

Kinetic equations for cylindrically symmetric plasmas including atomic coherence and Coulomb potential effects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Csanak, G.; Fontes, C. J.; Kilcrease, D. P.; Hakel, P.; Inal, M. K.

2017-05-01

The rate equations used to model plasma kinetics and spectroscopy are typically obtained from intuitive considerations. A few years ago, the authors (Csanak et al 2011 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 44 215701) have shown that the population-alignment collisional-radiative (CR) model and the magnetic sublevel to magnetic sublevel rate-equation scheme can be obtained from the Fano-Ben-Reuven quantum impact approximation (QIA). Here we provide a formal derivation of the rate-equation schemes for modeling hydrogenic plasmas and highly charged ionic plasmas with cylindrical symmetry using the QIA under certain approximations. In the case of hydrogenic plasmas the ‘accidental degeneracy’ (if present) leads to some coherences among the excited states of the atom (or ion) that have to be taken into account when constructing the rate equations. In the case of highly charged plasmas the Coulomb potential can be taken into account (as suggested originally by Baranger) in defining the ‘bath particles’, which leads to a derivation of the kinetic equations where no singularity occurs. For the case of spherically symmetric plasmas, this method also provides a derivation of the standard CR equations that have been implemented in many codes to successfully model the kinetics and spectra of highly charged ions.

L x-ray production cross sections in Th and U at 17.8, 25.8 and 46.9 keV photon energies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, Ajay; Puri, Sanjiv; Shahi, J. S.; Garg, M. L.; Mehta, D.; Singh, Nirmal

2001-02-01

The L x-ray production (XRP) differential cross sections in Th and U have been measured at the 17.8 keV incident photon energy (E_L3

Interpretation of f({epsilon}) measurements by T. Kimura, K. Akatsuka and K. Ohe

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Garcia, M.

1996-11-26

This note describes my analysis of the measurement of the electron energy distribution function in a DC glow discharge reported by T. Kimura, K. Akatsuka, and K. Ohe, in `Experimental and theoretical investigations of DC glow discharges in argon-nitrogen mixtures,`J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 27 (1994) 1664-1671. T. Kimura of the Department of Systems Engineering at the Nagoya Institute of Technology sent me this paper in 1994, as well as `Electron Energy Distribution Function in Neon-Nitrogen Mixture Positive Column,` T. Kimura, and K. Ohe, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Vol. 3 1, Part 1, No. 12A, December 1992, pp. 4051- 4052.more » I base my analysis on the data for a pure N{sub 2} discharge at p=1 torr in the 1994 paper. Figures 2 and 3 in that paper show a discrepancy between f({epsilon}) as measured by Langmuir probing and f({epsilon}) as calculated from E/N based on the measured axial field. Kimura et. al. explain their observation of hotter than expected electrons on superelastic collisions with vibrationally excited nitrogen. My fundamental point is that the radial field generated by ambipolar diffusion significantly augments E/N above the contribution from the axial field in this experiment, and creates a higher than expected radially averaged electron energy.« less

Consistent Assignment of the Vibrations of Monohalosubstituted Benzenes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harris, Joe; Andrejeva, Anna; Tuttle, William Duncan; Pugliesi, Igor; Schriever, Christian; Wright, Tim

2014-06-01

When substituted benzenes become a focus of a spectroscopic study there are various well known vibrational labelling schemes present, however it was shown in recent works the description of monohalobenzene vibrations in terms of benzene modes (ie. Wilson notation) is questionable in some cases. A new scheme is presented which uses the motions of monofluorobenzene vibrations as a basis for labelling vibrational assignments of monosubstituted benzenes.d The scheme has been successfully applied to the ground and excited states of toluene and its deuterated-methyl group isotopologue. Here we present the application of the scheme to fluorobenzene and its fully deuterated analogue. One-colour resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectroscopy was employed in order to characterise the fluorobenzene and fluorobenzene-d5 excited state. E. B. Wilson Jr., Phys. Rev., 45, 706 (1934) G .Varsanyi, Assignments of the Vibrational Spectra of Seven Hundred Benzene Derivatives,Wiley, New York, 1974, Vol. I and II I. Pugliesi, N. C. Tonge and M. C. R. Cockett, J. Chem. Phys., 129, 104303 (2008) A. M. Gardner and T. G. Wright, J. Chem. Phys., 135,114305 (2011) A. M. Gardner, A. M. Green, V. M. Tame-Reyes, V. H. K. Wilton and T. G. Wright, 138, 134303 (2013) A. M. Gardner, A. M. Green, V. M. Tame-Reyes, K. L. Reid, J. A. Davies, V. H. K. Wilton and T. G. Wright, manuscript accepted

LAD Prize Talk: Lab Astro and the Origins of the Chemical Elements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lawler, James E.

2017-06-01

Only a few of the lightest or primordial nuclei were made just after the Big Bang. Other light nuclei up to the Fe-group are made by fusion in stars. Heavier nuclei are made primarily via r(apid)-process and s(low)-process n(eutron)-capture events. Although the s-process n-capture is fairly well understood, the r-process n-capture events remain poorly understood. The relative role of Core Collapse SNe and n-star mergers will likely be understood in the next few decades. I will discuss recent studies of old Metal-Poor stars that are revealing some new details of nucleosynthesis. This progress is due to the availability of high resolution spectra from large ground based telescopes, access to the UV via HST, and better laboratory data. Our laboratory astrophysics program has focused primarily on the measurement of transition probabilities by combining radiative lifetimes with emission branching fractions. The use of Time Resolved Laser Induced Fluorescence (TRLIF) to measure radiative lifetimes in metallic atoms and ions provides an absolute scale for transition probabilities accurate to a few percent [e.g. 1]. The development and application of TRLIF to neutral and ionized atoms of nearly all elements is due to a simple, versatile, and reliable atom/ion beam source based on a hollow cathode discharge [2, 3]. Fourier transform spectrometers (FTSs) are essential in the measurement of emission branching fractions for atoms and ions with dense spectra such as the rare earths [e.g. 4, 5]. A 3 m focal length echelle spectrometer is important to the measurement of weak branches which might otherwise be obscured by multiplex noise in FTS data [6, 7]. References: [1] E. A. Den Hartog et al., ApJS 194: 35 (2011). [2] D. W. Duquette et al., Phys. Rev. A24, 2847 (1981). [3] S. Salih & J. E. Lawler, Phys. Rev. A29, 3753, (1983). [4] J. W. Brault, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 66, 1081 (1976). [5] J. E. Lawler et al., ApJS 182, 51 (2009). [6] M. P. Wood & J. E. Lawler, Appl. Opt. 51, 8407 (2012). [7] C. Sneden et al., ApJ 817:53 (2016).

Interfacing ion-exchanged waveguide for the efficient excitation of surface plasmons (Presentation Recording)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beltran Madrigal, Josslyn; Berthel, Martin; Gardillou, Florent; Tellez Limon, Ricardo; Couteau, Christophe; Barbier, Denis; Drezet, Aurelien; Salas-Montiel, Rafael; Huant, Serge; Blaize, Sylvain

2015-09-01

Several works have already shown that the excitation of plasmonic structures through waveguides enables a strong light confinement and low propagation losses [1]. This kind of excitation is currently exploited in areas such as biosensing [2], nanocircuits[3] and spectroscopy[4]. Efficient excitation of surface plasmon modes (SPP) with guided modes supported by high-index-contrast waveguides, such as silicon-on-insulator waveguides, had already been shown [1,5], however, the use of weak-confined guided modes of an ion exchanged waveguide on glass as a source of excitation of SPP represents a scientific and technological breakthrough. This is because the integration of plasmonic structures into low-index-contrast waveguide increases the bandwidth of operation and compatibility with conventional optical fibers. In this work, we describe how an adiabatic tapered coupler formed by an intermediate high-index-contrast layer placed between a plasmonic structure and an ion-exchanged waveguide decreases the mismatch between effective indices, size, and shape of the guided modes. This hybrid structure concentrates the electromagnetic energy from the micrometer to the nanometer scale with low coupling losses to radiative modes. The electromagnetic mode confined to the high-index-contrast waveguide then works as an efficient source of SPP supported by metallic nanostructures placed on its surface. We theoretically studied the modal properties and field distribution along the adiabatic coupler structure. In addition, we fabricated a high-index-contrast waveguide by electron beam lithography and thermal evaporation on top of an ion-exchanged waveguide on glass. This structure was characterized with the use of near field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM). Numerical simulations were compared with the experimental results. [1] N. Djaker, R. Hostein, E. Devaux, T. W. Ebbesen, and H. Rigneault, and J. Wenger, J. Phys. Chem. C 114, 16250 (2010). [2] P. Debackere, S. Scheerlinck, P. Bienstman, R. Baets, Opt. Express 14, 7063 (2006).] [3] A. A. Reiserer, J.-S. Huang, B. Hecht, and T. Brixner. Opt. Express 18(11), 11810-11820 (2010). [4] R. Salas-Montiel, A. Apuzzo, C. Delacour, Z. Sedaghat, A. Bruyant et al. Appl. Phys Lett 100, 231109 (2012) [5] A. Apuzzo M. Févier, M. Salas-Montiel et al. Nano letters, 13, 1000-1006

Increasing the magnetic-field capability of the magneto-inertial fusion electrical discharge system using an inductively coupled coil

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barnak, D. H.; Davies, J. R.; Fiksel, G.; Chang, P.-Y.; Zabir, E.; Betti, R.

2018-03-01

Magnetized high energy density physics (HEDP) is a very active and relatively unexplored field that has applications in inertial confinement fusion, astrophysical plasma science, and basic plasma physics. A self-contained device, the Magneto-Inertial Fusion Electrical Discharge System, MIFEDS [G. Fiksel et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 86, 016105 (2015)], was developed at the Laboratory for Laser Energetics to conduct magnetized HEDP experiments on both the OMEGA [T. R. Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495-506 (1997)] and OMEGA EP [J. H. Kelly et al., J. Phys. IV France 133, 75 (2006) and L. J. Waxer et al., Opt. Photonics News 16, 30 (2005)] laser systems. Extremely high magnetic fields are a necessity for magnetized HEDP, and the need for stronger magnetic fields continues to drive the redevelopment of the MIFEDS device. It is proposed in this paper that a magnetic coil that is inductively coupled rather than directly connecting to the MIFEDS device can increase the overall strength of the magnetic field for HEDP experiments by increasing the efficiency of energy transfer while decreasing the effective magnetized volume. A brief explanation of the energy delivery of the MIFEDS device illustrates the benefit of inductive coupling and is compared to that of direct connection for varying coil size and geometry. A prototype was then constructed to demonstrate a 7-fold increase in energy delivery using inductive coupling.

Relationship between the Kubelka-Munk scattering and radiative transfer coefficients.

PubMed

Thennadil, Suresh N

2008-07-01

The relationship between the Kubelka-Munk (K-M) and the transport scattering coefficient is obtained through a semi-empirical approach. This approach gives the same result as that given by Gate [Appl. Opt.13, 236 (1974)] when the incident beam is diffuse. This result and those given by Star et al. [Phys. Med. Biol.33, 437 (1988)] and Brinkworth [Appl. Opt.11, 1434 (1972)] are compared with the exact solution of the radiative transfer equation over a large range of optical properties. It is found that the latter expressions, which include an absorption component, do not give accurate results over the range considered. Using the semi-empirical approach, the relationship between the K-M and the transport scattering coefficient is derived for the case where the incident light is collimated. It is shown that although the K-M equation is derived based on diffuse incident light, it can also represent very well the reflectance from a slab of infinite thickness when the incident light is collimated. However, in this case the relationship between the coefficients has to include a function that is dependent on the anisotropy factor. Analysis indicates that the K-M transform achieves the objective of obtaining a measure that gives the ratio of absorption to scattering effects for both diffuse and collimated incident beams over a large range of optical properties.

Self-excitation of single nanomechanical pillars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Hyun S.; Qin, Hua; Blick, Robert H.

2010-03-01

Self-excitation is a mechanism that is ubiquitous for electromechanical power devices such as electrical generators. This is conventionally achieved by making use of the magnetic field component in electrical generators (Nedic and Lipo 2000 IEEE/IAS Conf. Records (Rome, Italy) vol 1 pp 51-6), a good and widely visible example of which is the wind turbine farm (Muljadi et al 2005 J. Sol. Energy Eng. 127 581-7). In other words, a static force, such as the wind acting on rotor blades, can generate a resonant excitation at a certain mechanical frequency. For nanomechanical systems (Craighead 2000 Science 290 1532-5 Roukes 2001 Phys. World 14 25-31 Cleland 2003 Foundations of Nanomechanics (Berlin: Springer); Ayari et al 2007 Nano Lett. 7 2252-7 Koenig et al 2008 Nat. Nanotechnol. 3 482-4) such a self-excitation (SE) mechanism is also highly desirable, because it can generate mechanical oscillations at radio frequencies by simply applying a dc bias voltage. This is of great importance for low-power signal communication devices and detectors, as well as for mechanical computing elements. For a particular nanomechanical system—the single electron shuttle—this effect was predicted some time ago by Gorelik et al (Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 4526-9). Here, we use a nanoelectromechanical single electron transistor (NEMSET) to demonstrate self-excitation for both the soft and hard regimes, respectively. The ability to use self-excitation in nanomechanical systems may enable the detection of quantum mechanical backaction effects (Naik et al 2006 Nature 443 193-6) in direct tunneling, macroscopic quantum tunneling (Savelev et al 2006 New J. Phys. 8 105-15) and rectification (Pistolesi and Fazio 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 036806-4). All these effects have so far been overshadowed by the large driving voltages that had to be applied.

Blowpipe Mineralogy for Physics/Environment: Highest-Possible-Tc SuperConductor (Beyond: (but via!!!) MgB2, Cuprates, Pnictides) Quest; BOTH PERMANENT FOREVER Carb-IDES SOLID-State Sequestration AND Drought(s)-Elimination

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Segler, Kurt; Williams, Wendell; Siegel, Edward

2011-03-01

Detailed are old blowpipe new applications: charcoal-block reduction of borates to yield ("N-NW" of MgB2) Overhauser-[PR 35,1,411(1987); Intl.J.Mod.Phys.1, 2 & 4, 927(1987)]-"land" predicted high-EST-POSSIBLE Tc SC "LiD2"; very-early: Siegel[Phys.Stat.Sol.(a)11,45(1972);Semiconductors.and Insulators 5: 39,47,62(1979)] carb-IDES SOLID-state phase-TRANSITIONED CHEMICALLY-REDOX"-REACTED STABLE PERMANENT LONG-term NOT "CO2" BUT C-sequestration: PROFITABLE "Grab and Sell" TRUMPS "cap and trade"!!!; Mott alloying/vertical metal-insulator transitions in "borax-(GLASS)-beads"; and very-earlySiegel [{3rd Intl.Conf.Alt.Energy }(1980)-vol.5/p.459!!!] "FLYING-WATER" Hindenberg-effect (H2-UP;H2O-DOWN) via Hydrogen-maximal-Archimedes-buoyancy "chemical-rain-in-pipelines", only via Siegel proprietary "magnetic-hydrogen-valve"(MHV): Renewables-Hydrogen-Water flexible versatile agile scaleable retrofitable integrated operating-system for PERMANENT drought(s)-elimination FOREVER!!!

Direct Observation of the Evolution of Both the HOMO and LUMO Energy Levels of a Silole Derivative at a Magnesium/Silole Interface

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-01-01

transport gap has been observed in K-intercalated Alq3 films, where the HOMO - Proc. of SPIE Vol. 5214 371 LUMO on-set separation is 3.05 ± 0.1 eV...while in a neat Alq3 film, the transport gap is 3.9 ± 0.4 eV. 22,25 Narrowing of the transport gap of alkali-fulleride films (K3C60, K6C60) has also...Rajagopal and A. Kahn, “Photoemission spectroscopy investigation of magnesium– Alq3 interfaces“, J. Appl. Phys. 84, pp. 355-358, 1998. 9 M. G. Mason

Rotational Invariance of the 2d Spin - Spin Correlation Function

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pinson, Haru

2012-09-01

At the critical temperature in the 2d Ising model on the square lattice, we establish the rotational invariance of the spin-spin correlation function using the asymptotics of the spin-spin correlation function along special directions (McCoy and Wu in the two dimensional Ising model. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1973) and the finite difference Hirota equation for which the spin-spin correlation function is shown to satisfy (Perk in Phys Lett A 79:3-5, 1980; Perk in Proceedings of III international symposium on selected topics in statistical mechanics, Dubna, August 22-26, 1984, JINR, vol II, pp 138-151, 1985).

European Symposium on X-Ray Topography and High Resolution Diffraction (2nd) Held in Berlin, Germany on 5-7 September 1994. Programme and Abstracts

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-09-07

RELAXATION OF NANOSTRUCTURED SIGE/SI PILLARS BY HIGH-RESOLUTION X-RAY DIFFRACTION P. van der Sluis and C.W.T. Bull.-Lieuwma PLillps Research Laboratories...whereas the lattice is fully strained in large (10xlO mm2) pillars. (1] P.B. Fischer and S.Y. Chou, Appl. Phys. Lett. 62, 1414 (1993) (2) P. van der ...tIn, hi&ttttV (Thl)ttLtl Of epitaxial layers of 111I-V compoutnds, J1. Cl’ybll GIVILth, Vol. 44:1)1.5113 :-517, 1978. (2) P. van der Sluls Determination

Hohlraum-driven mid-Z (SiO2) double-shell implosions on the omega laser facility and their scaling to NIF.

PubMed

Robey, H F; Amendt, P A; Milovich, J L; Park, H-S; Hamza, A V; Bono, M J

2009-10-02

High-convergence, hohlraum-driven implosions of double-shell capsules using mid-Z (SiO2) inner shells have been performed on the OMEGA laser facility [T. R. Boehly, Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)]. These experiments provide an essential extension of the results of previous low-Z (CH) double-shell implosions [P. A. Amendt, Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 065004 (2005)] to materials of higher density and atomic number. Analytic modeling, supported by highly resolved 2D numerical simulations, is used to account for the yield degradation due to interfacial atomic mixing. This extended experimental database from OMEGA enables a validation of the mix model, and provides a means for quantitatively assessing the prospects for high-Z double-shell implosions on the National Ignition Facility [Paisner, Laser Focus World 30, 75 (1994)].

Quantum Dualism: Hypermind?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jones, R.

Today the consensus view is that thought and mind is a combination of processes like memory, generalization, comparison, deduction, organization, analogy, etc. performed by classical computational machinery. (R. Jones, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., vol. 109, #3/4, 2006) But I believe quantum mechanics is a more plausible dualist theory of reality. (R. Jones, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., vol. 5, 2011) In a quantum computer the processing (thinking) takes place either in computers in Everett's many worlds or else in the many dimensional Hilbert space. (Depending upon your interpretation of QM.) If our brains were quantum computers then there might be a world of mind which is distinct from the physical world that our bodies occupy. (4 space) This is much like the spirit-body dualism of Descartes and others. My own view is that thought and mind are classical phenomena (see www.robert-w-jones.com, philosopher, theory of thought and mind) but it would be interesting to run an artificial intelligence like my A.S.A. H. on a quantum computer. Might this produce, for the first time, a hypermind in its own universe?

Neutral Beam Driven Neoclassical Transport in NSTX

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Houlberg, W. A.; Shaing, K. C.; Callen, J. D.

2002-11-01

We re-examine the particle and heat flows driven by neutral beam injection in tokamak plasmas. These appear as inward pinches for co-injection and outward for counter injection. We derive the parallel friction and heat friction forces exerted on the thermal species by the energetic beam ions by extending the early analysis of Callen, et al. [1], which are then used as external forces in the moments formulation of neoclassical transport in NCLASS [2]. NCLASS is based on the multiple species treatment of Hirshman and Sigmar [3]. Of particular interest is the ion energy flux driven by the heat friction term. It scales as the beam energy, while the particle and electron heat terms scale as the thermal plasma temperature. In NSTX the high beam energy to plasma temperature ratio may lead to a net negative ion heat flux with strong co-injection. Limtations to the theory, such as the large fast ion orbit size relative to the radius of the flux surface, are discussed. Comparisons are made with earlier works by Hinton and Kim [4] and Stacey [5], who evaluated only the beam-thermal friction. [1] J.D. Callen, et al, 5th IAEA, Tokyo (1974), Vol 1, 645 [2] W.A. Houlberg, K.C. Shaing, S.P. Hirshman, M.C. Zarnstorff, Phys. Plasmas 4 (1997) 3230 [3] S.P. Hirshman, D.J. Sigmar, Nucl. Fusion 21 (1981) 1079 [4] F.L. Hinton, Y.-B. Kim, Phys. Fluids B 5 (1993) 3012 [5] W.M. Stacey, Phys. Fluids B 5 (1993) 4505

A systematic and detailed investigation of radiative rates for forbidden transitions of astrophysical interest in doubly ionized iron peak elements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Quinet, Pascal; Fivet, Vanessa; Bautista, Manuel

2015-08-01

The knowledge of accurate and reliable atomic data for lowly ionized iron peak elements, from scandium to copper, is of paramount importance for the analysis of the high resolution spectra currently available. The third spectra of several iron group elements have been observed in different galactic sources like Herbig-Haro objects in the Orion Nebula [1] and stars like Eta Carinae [2]. However, forbidden transitions between low-lying metastable levels of doubly ionized species have been little investigated so far and radiative rates for those lines remain sparse or inexistent.In the present contribution, we report on the recent study we have performed concerning the determination of magnetic dipole (M1) and electric quadrupole (E2) transition probabilities in those ions. For the calculations, we have extensively used the pseudo-relativistic Hartree-Fock (HFR) code of Cowan [3] and the central Thomas-Fermi-Dirac potential approximation implemented in AUTOSTRUCTURE [4]. This multi-platform approach allowed us to check the consistency and to assess the accuracy of the results obtained.[1] Mesa-Delgado A. et al., MNRAS 395, 855 (2009)[2] Johansson S. et al., A&A 361, 977 (2000)[3] Cowan R.D., The Theory of Atomic Structure and Spectra, Univ. California Press, Berkeley (1981)[4] Badnell N.R., J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 30, 1 (1997)

Dispersed laser-induced fluorescence of molecular ions. Identification of new low-lying electronic states of TiCl + and TiF +

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Focsa, C.; Pinchemel, B.

1999-09-01

The dispersed laser-induced fluorescence technique has been applied for the first time to metallic molecular ions. The TiCl + and TiF + ions were produced by a high-voltage discharge in helium with traces of TiCl 4 or TiF 4. A c.w. dye-laser and a grating plate spectrometer were used to record low-resolution spectra of these species in the visible. This leads to the observation of new low-lying electronic states of these ions: the C 3Π (˜1535 cm -1) state of TiCl +, the B 3Δ (˜2040 cm -1) and C 3Π (˜2200 cm -1) states of TiF +. The identification of these new states contributes to a better characterisation of the first 3000 cm -1 of the energy level diagrams of these molecules. The experimental position of the C 3Π state of TiCl + is in good agreement with theoretical predictions given by a Ligand Field Theory model [C. Focsa, M. Bencheikh, L.G.M. Pettersson, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 31 (1998) 2857]. We have extended these calculations to the TiF + isovalent ion, taking advantage of the new experimental data. Both experimental and theoretical new results presented in this paper are expected to help future investigations on these species.

Improving cryogenic deuterium–tritium implosion performance on OMEGA

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sangster, T. C.; Goncharov, V. N.; Betti, R.

2013-05-15

A flexible direct-drive target platform is used to implode cryogenic deuterium–tritium (DT) capsules on the OMEGA laser [Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)]. The goal of these experiments is to demonstrate ignition hydrodynamically equivalent performance where the laser drive intensity, the implosion velocity, the fuel adiabat, and the in-flight aspect ratio (IFAR) are the same as those for a 1.5-MJ target [Goncharov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 165001 (2010)] designed to ignite on the National Ignition Facility [Hogan et al., Nucl. Fusion 41, 567 (2001)]. The results from a series of 29 cryogenic DT implosions are presented.more » The implosions were designed to span a broad region of design space to study target performance as a function of shell stability (adiabat) and implosion velocity. Ablation-front perturbation growth appears to limit target performance at high implosion velocities. Target outer-surface defects associated with contaminant gases in the DT fuel are identified as the dominant perturbation source at the ablation surface; performance degradation is confirmed by 2D hydrodynamic simulations that include these defects. A trend in the value of the Lawson criterion [Betti et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 058102 (2010)] for each of the implosions in adiabat–IFAR space suggests the existence of a stability boundary that leads to ablator mixing into the hot spot for the most ignition-equivalent designs.« less

Improving cryogenic deuterium tritium implosion performance on OMEGA

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sangster, T. C.; Goncharov, V. N.; Betti, R.

2013-01-01

A flexible direct-drive target platform is used to implode cryogenic deuterium–tritium (DT) capsules on the OMEGA laser [Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)]. The goal of these experiments is to demonstrate ignition hydrodynamically equivalent performance where the laser drive intensity, the implosion velocity, the fuel adiabat, and the in-flight aspect ratio (IFAR) are the same as those for a 1.5-MJ target [Goncharov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 165001 (2010)] designed to ignite on the National Ignition Facility [Hogan et al., Nucl. Fusion 41, 567 (2001)]. The results from a series of 29 cryogenic DT implosions are presented.more » The implosions were designed to span a broad region of design space to study target performance as a function of shell stability (adiabat) and implosion velocity. Ablation-front perturbation growth appears to limit target performance at high implosion velocities. Target outer-surface defects associated with contaminant gases in the DT fuel are identified as the dominant perturbation source at the ablation surface; performance degradation is confirmed by 2D hydrodynamic simulations that include these defects. A trend in the value of the Lawson criterion [Betti et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 058102 (2010)] for each of the implosions in adiabat–IFAR space suggests the existence of a stability boundary that leads to ablator mixing into the hot spot for the most ignition-equivalent designs.« less

12 CFR 573.7 - Form of opt out notice to consumers; opt out methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2013-01-01 2012-01-01 true Form of opt out notice to consumers; opt out... PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 573.7 Form of opt out notice to consumers; opt out methods. (a)(1) Form of opt out notice. If you are required to provide an opt out notice...

12 CFR 573.7 - Form of opt out notice to consumers; opt out methods.

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2014-01-01

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12 CFR 573.7 - Form of opt out notice to consumers; opt out methods.

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2012-01-01

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12 CFR 40.7 - Form of opt out notice to consumers; opt out methods.

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2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Form of opt out notice to consumers; opt out... PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 40.7 Form of opt out notice to consumers; opt out methods. (a) (1) Form of opt out notice. If a bank is required to provide an opt out...

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2014-01-01

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12 CFR 573.7 - Form of opt out notice to consumers; opt out methods.

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2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Form of opt out notice to consumers; opt out... PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 573.7 Form of opt out notice to consumers; opt out methods. (a)(1) Form of opt out notice. If you are required to provide an opt out notice...

12 CFR 332.7 - Form of opt out notice to consumers; opt out methods.

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12 CFR 216.7 - Form of opt out notice to consumers; opt out methods.

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12 CFR 332.7 - Form of opt out notice to consumers; opt out methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

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12 CFR 216.7 - Form of opt out notice to consumers; opt out methods.

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2012-01-01

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2012-01-01

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Numerical simulation of systems of shear bands in ductile metal with inclusions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Plohr, JeeYeon N., E-mail: jplohr@lanl.gov; Plohr, Bradley J.

2016-02-15

We develop a method for numerical simulations of high strain-rate loading of mesoscale samples of ductile metal with inclusions. Because of its small-scale inhomogeneity, the composite material is prone to localized shear deformation (adiabatic shear bands). This method employs the Generalized Method of Cells of Paley and Aboudi [Mech. Materials, vol. 14, pp. 127–139, 1992] to ensure that the micro mechanical behavior of the metal and inclusions is reflected properly in the behavior of the composite at the mesoscale. To find the effective plastic strain rate when shear bands are present, we extend and apply the analytic and numerical analysismore » of shear bands of Glimm, Plohr, and Sharp [Mech. Materials, vol. 24, pp. 31–41, 1996]. Our tests of the method focus on the stress/strain response in uniaxial-strain flow, both compressive and tensile, of depleted uranium metal containing silicon carbide inclusions. We use the Preston-Tonks-Wallace viscoplasticity model [J. Appl. Phys., vol. 93, pp. 211–220, 2003], which applies to the high strain-rate regime of an isotropic viscoplastic solid. In results, we verify the elevated temperature and thermal softening at shear bands in our simulations of pure DU and DU/SiC composites. We also note that in composites, due the asymmetry caused by the inclusions, shear band form at different times in different subcells. In particular, in the subcells near inclusions, shear band form much earlier than they do in pure DU.« less

Numerical simulation of systems of shear bands in ductile metal with inclusions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Plohr, JeeYeon N.; Plohr, Bradley J.

2016-02-01

We develop a method for numerical simulations of high strain-rate loading of mesoscale samples of ductile metal with inclusions. Because of its small-scale inhomogeneity, the composite material is prone to localized shear deformation (adiabatic shear bands). This method employs the Generalized Method of Cells of Paley and Aboudi [Mech. Materials, vol. 14, pp. 127-139, 1992] to ensure that the micro mechanical behavior of the metal and inclusions is reflected properly in the behavior of the composite at the mesoscale. To find the effective plastic strain rate when shear bands are present, we extend and apply the analytic and numerical analysis of shear bands of Glimm, Plohr, and Sharp [Mech. Materials, vol. 24, pp. 31-41, 1996]. Our tests of the method focus on the stress/strain response in uniaxial-strain flow, both compressive and tensile, of depleted uranium metal containing silicon carbide inclusions. We use the Preston-Tonks-Wallace viscoplasticity model [J. Appl. Phys., vol. 93, pp. 211-220, 2003], which applies to the high strain-rate regime of an isotropic viscoplastic solid. In results, we verify the elevated temperature and thermal softening at shear bands in our simulations of pure DU and DU/SiC composites. We also note that in composites, due the asymmetry caused by the inclusions, shear band form at different times in different subcells. In particular, in the subcells near inclusions, shear band form much earlier than they do in pure DU.

Compendium of Shock Wave Data. Volume 2, Revision 1. Section A2. Inorganic Compounds Section B. Hydrocarbons

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-06-01

5K9AR uret 14’T17 TABLE I TUNGSTEN CARBIDE 53-23--- 1 B i 5 4fL 3 2 0 int IU aF n PAGE 4011.1 ś-1---I RUtILFr. CRYSTAL AND NATURAL (TIIANIUM OXIDCl...COtMIENTS : I I SOURCE: KOIR1ER. 5. B .. SINITSYN. M, V., ruNIIKOV. A, I., UR1. IN. V, a. AND BLINOV . A. V. SOVIET PHYS-.JIEP. VOL. 20. P. 911 119651...AO Uii Coaapendiux of* ýIoek Wave Daa.3otion A2. Inorganuic Compounds. Oection B , "r~iooarbona. ______________ I. Ca"TRACT 09GOAMY wmuimea Lawrt

Applications and results of X-ray spectroscopy in implosion experiments on the National Ignition Facility

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Epstein, R.; Regan, S. P.; Hammel, B. A.; Suter, L. J.; Scott, H. A.; Barrios, M. A.; Bradley, D. K.; Callahan, D. A.; Cerjan, C.; Collins, G. W.; Dixit, S. N.; Döppner, T.; Edwards, M. J.; Farley, D. R.; Fournier, K. B.; Glenn, S.; Glenzer, S. H.; Golovkin, I. E.; Hamza, A.; Hicks, D. G.; Izumi, N.; Jones, O. S.; Key, M. H.; Kilkenny, J. D.; Kline, J. L.; Kyrala, G. A.; Landen, O. L.; Ma, T.; MacFarlane, J. J.; Mackinnon, A. J.; Mancini, R. C.; McCrory, R. L.; Meyerhofer, D. D.; Meezan, N. B.; Nikroo, A.; Park, H.-S.; Patel, P. K.; Ralph, J. E.; Remington, B. A.; Sangster, T. C.; Smalyuk, V. A.; Springer, P. T.; Town, R. P. J.; Tucker, J. L.

2017-03-01

Current inertial confinement fusion experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) [G. H. Miller, E. I. Moses, and C. R. Wuest, Opt. Eng. 43, 2841 (2004)] are attempting to demonstrate thermonuclear ignition using x-ray drive by imploding spherical targets containing hydrogen-isotope fuel in the form of a thin cryogenic layer surrounding a central volume of fuel vapor [J. Lindl, Phys. Plasmas 2, 3933 (1995)]. The fuel is contained within a plastic ablator layer with small concentrations of one or more mid-Z elements, e.g., Ge or Cu. The capsule implodes, driven by intense x-ray emission from the inner surface of a hohlraum enclosure irradiated by the NIF laser, and fusion reactions occur in the central hot spot near the time of peak compression. Ignition will occur if the hot spot within the compressed fuel layer attains a high-enough areal density to retain enough of the reaction product energy to reach nuclear reaction temperatures within the inertial hydrodynamic disassembly time of the fuel mass [J. Lindl, Phys. Plasmas 2, 3933 (1995)]. The primary purpose of the ablator dopants is to shield the ablator surface adjacent to the DT ice from heating by the hohlraum x-ray drive [S. W. Haan et al., Phys. Plasmas 18, 051001 (2011)]. Simulations predicted that these dopants would produce characteristic K-shell emission if ablator material mixed into the hot spot [B. A. Hammel et al., High Energy Density Phys. 6, 171 (2010)]. In NIF ignition experiments, emission and absorption features from these dopants appear in x-ray spectra measured with the hot-spot x-ray spectrometer in Supersnout II [S. P. Regan et al., "Hot-Spot X-Ray Spectrometer for the National Ignition Facility," to be submitted to Review of Scientific Instruments]. These include K-shell emission lines from the hot spot (driven primarily by inner-shell collisional ionization and dielectronic recombination) and photoionization edges, fluorescence, and absorption lines caused by the absorption of the hot-spot continuum in the shell. These features provide diagnostics of the central hot spot and the compressed shell, plus a measure of the shell mass that has mixed into the hot spot [S. P. Regan et al., Phys. Plasmas 19, 056307 (2012)] and evidence locating the origin of the mixed shell mass in the imploding ablator [S. P. Regan et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 045001 (2013)]. Spectra are analyzed and interpreted using detailed atomic models (including radiation-transport effects) to determine the characteristic temperatures, densities, and sizes of the emitting regions. A mix diagnostic based on enhanced continuum x-ray production, relative to neutron yield, provides sensitivity to the undoped shell material mixed into the hot spot [T. Ma et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 111, 085004 (2013)]. Together, these mix-mass measurements confirm that mix is a serious impediment to ignition. The spectroscopy and atomic physics of shell dopants have become essential in confronting this impediment and will be described.

16 CFR 313.7 - Form of opt out notice to consumers; opt out methods.

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2014-01-01

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2011-01-01

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2014-04-01

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Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Form of opt out notice to consumers and opt out... CREDIT UNIONS PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 716.7 Form of opt out notice to consumers and opt out methods. (a)(1) Form of opt out notice. If you are required to...

17 CFR 248.7 - Form of opt out notice to consumers; opt out methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Form of opt out notice to... Safeguarding Personal Information Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 248.7 Form of opt out notice to consumers; opt out methods. (a)(1) Form of opt out notice. If you are required to provide an opt out notice under...

17 CFR 160.7 - Form of opt out notice to consumers; opt out methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Form of opt out notice to... Opt Out Notices § 160.7 Form of opt out notice to consumers; opt out methods. (a)(1) Form of opt out... boxes in a prominent position on the relevant forms with the opt out notice; (B) Include a reply form...

17 CFR 248.7 - Form of opt out notice to consumers; opt out methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Form of opt out notice to... Safeguarding Personal Information Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 248.7 Form of opt out notice to consumers; opt out methods. (a)(1) Form of opt out notice. If you are required to provide an opt out notice under...

12 CFR 716.7 - Form of opt out notice to consumers and opt out methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Form of opt out notice to consumers and opt out... CREDIT UNIONS PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 716.7 Form of opt out notice to consumers and opt out methods. (a)(1) Form of opt out notice. If you are required to...

Blowpipe Mineralogy for Physics/Environment: Highest-Possible-Tc SC Quest; BOTH PERMANENT FOREVER Carb-IDES SOLID-State Sequestration AND Drought(s)-Elimination

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Segler, Kurt; Williams, W.; Siegel, E.

2010-03-01

Detailed are old blowpipe[Kraus,Hunt,Ramsdell, Mineralogy (1936)] new applications:charcoal-block reduction of borates to yield (``N-NW'' of MgB2) Overhauser-[PR 35,1,411(1987); Intl.J.Mod.Phys.1,2 & 4,927(1987)]-``land'' predicted high-EST- POSSIBLE Tc SC ˜ ``LiD2''; very-early: Siegel[Phys.Stat.Sol.(a) 11,45(1972);Semiconductors & Insulators 5: 39,47,62(1979)] carb- IDES SOLID-state phase-TRANSITIONED CHEMICALLY-REDOX"-REACTED STABLE PERMANENT LONG-term STRATEGY, NOT ``CO2" BUT NON-gas Carbon-``ELEMENT"-sequestration: PROFITABLE MARKETABLE SALEABLE VALUABLE USEFUL ``Grab and Sell" TRUMPS ``cap and trade"!!!; Mott alloying/vertical metal-insulator transitions in ``borax-(GLASS)- beads"; and very-early Siegel [3rd Intl.Conf.Alt.Energy,Hemi- sphere/Springer(1980)-vol.5/p.459] ``FLYING-WATER" ``Hindenberg- effect"(H2-UP;H2O-DOWN) via H2-maximal-Archimedes-buoyancy ``chemical-rain-in-piplines", only via Siegel GMR enabled diffusive-magnetoresistance(DMR)enabled Siegel proprietary ``magnetic-H-valve": Renewables-H2-H2O purposely flexible versatile agile scaleable retrofitable integrated operating- system for PERMANENT drought(s)-elimination FOREVER!!!

Finite-beta equilibria for Wendelstein 7-X configurations using the Princeton Iterative Equilibrium Solver code

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Arndt, S.; Merkel, P.; Monticello, D.A.

Fixed- and free-boundary equilibria for Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) [W. Lotz {ital et al.}, {ital Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1990} (Proc. 13th Int. Conf. Washington, DC, 1990), (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1991), Vol. 2, p. 603] configurations are calculated using the Princeton Iterative Equilibrium Solver (PIES) [A. H. Reiman {ital et al.}, Comput. Phys. Commun., {bold 43}, 157 (1986)] to deal with magnetic islands and stochastic regions. Usually, these W7-X configurations require a large number of iterations for PIES convergence. Here, two methods have been successfully tested in an attempt to decrease the number of iterations neededmore » for convergence. First, periodic sequences of different blending parameters are used. Second, the initial guess is vastly improved by using results of the Variational Moments Equilibrium Code (VMEC) [S. P. Hirshmann {ital et al.}, Phys. Fluids {bold 26}, 3553 (1983)]. Use of these two methods have allowed verification of the Hamada condition and tendency of {open_quotes}self-healing{close_quotes} of islands has been observed. {copyright} {ital 1999 American Institute of Physics.}« less

Modification of the D2 radial wavefunction by near resonant compact states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hagelstein, Peter L.

2003-03-01

We have proposed that phonon exchange can occur in the presence of a highly excited optical phonon mode during a dd-fusion reaction. We have also suggested (P. L. Hagelstein, Bull. APS 45, 235 (2000)) at new second-order site-other-site reactions can occur when the energy of a fusion reaction is transferred elsewhere. Fast particle ejecta from the experiments of Chambers( G. P. Chambers, et al, J. Fusion Energy, Vol. 9, p. 281 (1990).) and of Cecil (F. E. Cecil, et al, AIP Conf. Proc. Vol. 228, p. 383 (1990).) appear to be consistent with such a mechanism, in which a dd-fusion reaction at one site is coupled to a disintegration at another site. The dominant process of this type is the null reaction in which dd-fusion is coupled to He-4 dissociation. This process can lead to compact dd-states(P. L. Hagelstein, Bull. APS 2001), and is consistent with the Kasagi experiment(J. Kasagi et al, J. Phys. Soc. Japan 64, 777 (1995). ). We find that compact states near resonance with the molecular D2 states changes the radial wavefunction at small r.

Extreme events as foundation of Lévy walks with varying velocity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kutner, Ryszard

2002-11-01

In this work we study the role of extreme events [E.W. Montroll, B.J. West, in: J.L. Lebowitz, E.W. Montrell (Eds.), Fluctuation Phenomena, SSM, vol. VII, North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1979, p. 63; J.-P. Bouchaud, M. Potters, Theory of Financial Risks from Statistical Physics to Risk Management, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001; D. Sornette, Critical Phenomena in Natural Sciences. Chaos, Fractals, Selforganization and Disorder: Concepts and Tools, Springer, Berlin, 2000] in determining the scaling properties of Lévy walks with varying velocity. This model is an extension of the well-known Lévy walks one [J. Klafter, G. Zumofen, M.F. Shlesinger, in M.F. Shlesinger, G.M. Zaslavsky, U. Frisch (Eds.), Lévy Flights and Related Topics ion Physics, Lecture Notes in Physics, vol. 450, Springer, Berlin, 1995, p. 196; G. Zumofen, J. Klafter, M.F. Shlesinger, in: R. Kutner, A. Pȩkalski, K. Sznajd-Weron (Eds.), Anomalous Diffusion. From Basics to Applications, Lecture Note in Physics, vol. 519, Springer, Berlin, 1999, p. 15] introduced in the context of chaotic dynamics where a fixed value of the walker velocity is assumed for simplicity. Such an extension seems to be necessary when the open and/or complex system is studied. The model of Lévy walks with varying velocity is spanned on two coupled velocity-temporal hierarchies: the first one consisting of velocities and the second of corresponding time intervals which the walker spends between the successive turning points. Both these hierarchical structures are characterized by their own self-similar dimensions. The extreme event, which can appear within a given time interval, is defined as a single random step of the walker having largest length. By finding power-laws which describe the time-dependence of this displacement and its statistics we obtained two independent diffusion exponents, which are related to the above-mentioned dimensions and which characterize the extreme event kinetics. In this work we show the principal influence of extreme events on the basic quantities (one-step distributions and moments as well as two-step correlation functions) of the continuous-time random walk formalism. Besides, we construct both the waiting-time distribution and sojourn probability density directly in a real space and time in the scaling form by proper component analysis which takes into account all possible fluctuations of the walker steps in contrast to the extreme event analysis. In this work we pay our attention to the basic quantities, since the summarized multi-step ones were already discussed earlier [Physica A 264 (1999) 107; Comp. Phys. Commun. 147 (2002) 565]. Moreover, we study not only the scaling phenomena but also, assuming a finite number of hierarchy levels, the breaking of scaling and its dependence on control parameters. This seems to be important for studying empirical systems the more so as there are still no closed formulae describing this phenomenon except the one for truncated Lévy flights [Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 (1994) 2946]. Our formulation of the model made possible to develop an efficient Monte Carlo algorithm [Physica A 264 (1999) 107; Comp. Phys. Commun. 147 (2002) 565] where no MC step is lost.

17 CFR 160.7 - Form of opt out notice to consumers; opt out methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Form of opt out notice to... COMMISSION PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 160.7 Form of opt out notice to consumers; opt out methods. (a)(1) Form of opt out notice. If you are required to provide an...

12 CFR 717.23 - Contents of opt-out notice; consolidated and equivalent notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... right to opt out. (ii) The opt-out notice must explain how an opt-out direction by a joint consumer will... rights to opt out in a single response. (iii) It is impermissible to require all joint consumers to opt... accurately discloses the consumer's opt-out rights. (4) Model notices. Model notices are provided in appendix...

12 CFR 571.23 - Contents of opt-out notice; consolidated and equivalent notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... right to opt out. (ii) The opt-out notice must explain how an opt-out direction by a joint consumer will... rights to opt out in a single response. (iii) It is impermissible to require all joint consumers to opt... accurately discloses the consumer's opt-out rights. (4) Model notices. Model notices are provided in appendix...

Spontaneous emission in dielectric nanoparticles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pukhov, K. K.; Basiev, T. T.; Orlovskii, Yu. V.

2008-09-01

An analytical expression is obtained for the radiative-decay rate of an excited optical center in an ellipsoidal dielectric nanoparticle (with sizes much less than the wavelength) surrounded by a dielectric medium. It is found that the ratio of the decay rate A nano of an excited optical center in the nanoparticle to the decay rate A bulk of an excited optical center in the bulk sample is independent of the local-field correction and, therefore, of the adopted local-field model. Moreover, the expression implies that the ratio A nano/ A bulk for oblate and prolate ellipsoids depends strongly on the orientation of the dipole moment of the transition with respect to the ellipsoid axes. In the case of spherical nanoparticles, a formula relating the decay rate A nano and the dielectric parameters of the nanocomposite and the volumetric content c of these particles in the nanocomposite is derived. This formula reduces to a known expression for spherical nanoparticles in the limit c ≪ 1, while the ratio A nano/ A bulk approaches unity as c tends to unity. The analysis shows that the approach used in a number of papers {H. P. Christensen, D. R. Gabbe, and H. P. Jenssen, Phys. Rev. B 25, 1467 (1982); R. S. Meltzer, S. P. Feofilov, B. Tissue, and H. B. Yuan, Phys. Rev. B 60, R14012 (1999); R. I. Zakharchenya, A. A. Kaplyanskii, A. B. Kulinkin, et al., Fiz. Tverd. Tela 45, 2104 (2003) [Phys. Solid State 45, 2209 (2003)]; G. Manoj Kumar, D. Narayana Rao, and G. S. Agarwal, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 203903 (2003); Chang-Kui Duan, Michael F. Reid, and Zhongqing Wang, Phys. Lett. A 343, 474 (2005); K. Dolgaleva, R. W. Boyd, and P. W. Milonni, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 24, 516 (2007)}, for which the formula for A nano is derived merely by substituting the bulk refractive index by the effective refractive index of the nanocomposite must be revised, because the resulting ratio A nano/ A bulk turns out to depend on the local-field model. The formulas for the emission and absorption cross sections σnano for nanoparticles are derived. It is shown that the ratios σnano/σbulk and A nano/ A bulk are not equal in general, which can be used to improve the lasing parameters. The experimentally determined and theoretically evaluated decay times of metastable states of dopant rare-earth ions in crystalline YAG and Y2O3 nanoparticles are compared with the corresponding values for bulk crystals of the same structure.

Opt-out screening strategy for HIV infection among patients attending emergency departments: systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed

Henriquez-Camacho, C; Villafuerte-Gutierrez, P; Pérez-Molina, J A; Losa, J; Gotuzzo, E; Cheyne, N

2017-07-01

International health agencies have promoted nontargeted universal (opt-out) HIV screening tests in different settings, including emergency departments (EDs). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the testing uptake of strategies (opt-in targeted, opt-in nontargeted and opt-out) to detect new cases of HIV infection in EDs. We searched the Pubmed and Embase databases, from 1984 to April 2015, for opt-in and opt-out HIV diagnostic strategies used in EDs. Randomized controlled or quasi experimental studies were included. We assessed the percentage of positive individuals tested for HIV infection in each programme (opt-in and opt-out strategies). The mean percentage was estimated by combining studies in a random-effect meta-analysis. The percentages of individuals tested in the programmes were compared in a random-effect meta-regression model. Data were analysed using stata version 12. Quality assessments were performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Of the 90 papers identified, 28 were eligible for inclusion. Eight trials used opt-out, 18 trials used opt-in, and two trials used both to detect new cases of HIV infection. The test was accepted and taken by 75 155 of 172 237 patients (44%) in the opt-out strategy, and 73 581 of 382 992 patients (19%) in the opt-in strategy. The prevalence of HIV infection detected by the opt-out strategy was 0.40% (373 cases), that detected by the opt-in nontargeted strategy was 0.52% (419 cases), and that detected by the opt-in targeted strategy was 1.06% (52 cases). In this meta-analysis, the testing uptake of the opt-out strategy was not different from that of the opt-in strategy to detect new cases of HIV infection in EDs. © 2016 British HIV Association.

Neoclassical Current Drive by Waves with a Symmetric Spectrum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Helander, Per

2000-10-01

It is well known that plasma waves can produce electric currents if the waves have an asymmetric spectrum, so that they either interact preferentially with electrons travelling in one direction along the magnetic field or impart net parallel momentum to the electrons [1]. This directionality creates an asymmetry in the electron distribution function and thereby produces a current parallel to the field. We demonstrate, somewhat surprisingly, that in a plasma confined by a curved magnetic field no such spectral asymmetry is necessary for current drive if the effect of collisions is properly taken into account. For instance, in a toroidal plasma a current can be produced by a spectrally symmetric wave field if this field is instead up-down asymmetric, which is frequently the case for electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) in tokamaks. We have calculated the resulting current drive efficiency and found it to be smaller than that of the conventional current drive mechanism in the banana regime, but not insignificant in the plateau regime. The results will be compared with experiments in DIII-D, where the measured efficiency exceeds the classical prediction [2]. Our calculations are focused on this case of ECCD in tokamaks, but the basic physical mechanism is much more general. It is of a universal neoclassical nature and applies to all wave-particle interaction in curved magnetic fields. [1] N.J. Fisch, Rev. Mod. Phys. 59, 175 (1987). [2] Y. R. Lin-Liu et al., 26th EPS Conf. on Contr. Fusion and Plasma Phys.(European Phys. Soc. Paris, 1999) Vol. 23J, p 1245.

17 CFR 160.7 - Form of opt out notice to consumers; opt out methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Form of opt out notice to... Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 160.7 Form of opt out notice to consumers; opt out methods. (a)(1) Form of...-off boxes in a prominent position on the relevant forms with the opt out notice; (B) Include a reply...

Magnetic helicity generation in the frame of Kazantsev model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yushkov, Egor V.; Lukin, Alexander S.

2017-11-01

Using a magnetic dynamo model, suggested by Kazantsev (J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 1968, vol. 26, p. 1031), we study the small-scale helicity generation in a turbulent electrically conducting fluid. We obtain the asymptotic dependencies of dynamo growth rate and magnetic correlation functions on magnetic Reynolds numbers. Special attention is devoted to the comparison of a longitudinal correlation function and a function of magnetic helicity for various conditions of asymmetric turbulent flows. We compare the analytical solutions on small scales with numerical results, calculated by an iterative algorithm on non-uniform grids. We show that the exponential growth of current helicity is simultaneous with the magnetic energy for Reynolds numbers larger than some critical value and estimate this value for various types of asymmetry.

Radiative Rates for Forbidden Transitions in Doubly-Ionized Fe-Peak Elements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fivet, Vanessa; Quinet, P.; Bautista, M.

2012-05-01

Accurate and reliable atomic data for lowly-ionized Fe-peak species (Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu) are of paramount importance for the analysis of the high resolution astrophysical spectra currently available. The third spectra of several iron group elements have been observed in different galactic sources like Herbig-Haro objects in the Orion Nebula [1] and stars like Eta Carinae [2]. However, forbidden transitions between low-lying metastable levels of doubly-ionized iron-peak ions have been very little investigated so far and radiative rates for those lines remain sparse or inexistent. We are carrying out a systematic study of the electronic structure of doubly-ionized iron-peak elements. The magnetic dipole (M1) and electric quadrupole (E2) transition probabilities are computed using the pseudo-relativistic Hartree-Fock (HFR) code of Cowan [3] and the central Thomas-Fermi-Dirac potential approximation implemented in AUTOSTRUCTURE [4]. This multi-platform approach allows for consistency checks and intercomparison and has proven very successful in the study of the complex Fe-peak species where many different effects contribute [5]. References [1] A. Mesa-Delgado et al., MNRAS 395 (2009) 855 [2] S. Johansson et al., A&A 361 (2000) 977 [3] R.D. Cowan, The Theory of Atomic Structure and Spectra, Berkeley: Univ. California Press (1981) [4] N.R. Badnell, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 30 (1997) 1 [5] M. Bautista et al., ApJ 718 (2010) L189

Anomalous yield reduction in direct-drive DT implosions due to 3He addition

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Herrmann, Hans W; Langenbrunner, James R; Mack, Joseph M

2008-01-01

Glass capsules were imploded in direct drive on the OMEGA laser [T. R. Boehly et aI., Opt. Commun. 133, 495, 1997] to look for anomalous degradation in deuterium/tritium (DT) yield (i.e., beyond what is predicted) and changes in reaction history with {sup 3}He addition. Such anomalies have previously been reported for D/{sup 3}He plasmas, but had not yet been investigated for DT/{sup 3}He. Anomalies such as these provide fertile ground for furthering our physics understanding of ICF implosions and capsule performance. A relatively short laser pulse (600 ps) was used to provide some degree of temporal separation between shock andmore » compression yield components for analysis. Anomalous degradation in the compression component of yield was observed, consistent with the 'factor of two' degradation previously reported by MIT at a 50% {sup 3}He atom fraction in D{sub 2} using plastic capsules [Rygg et aI., Phys. Plasmas 13, 052702 (2006)]. However, clean calculations (i.e., no fuel-shell mixing) predict the shock component of yield quite well, contrary to the result reported by MIT, but consistent with LANL results in D{sub 2}/{sup 3}He [Wilson, et aI., lml Phys: Conf Series 112, 022015 (2008)]. X-ray imaging suggests less-than-predicted compression ofcapsules containing {sup 3}He. Leading candidate explanations are poorly understood Equation-of-State (EOS) for gas mixtures, and unanticipated particle pressure variation with increasing {sup 3}He addition.« less

CORRIGENDUM: Universal variational expansion for high-precision bound-state calculations in three-body systems. Applications to weakly bound, adiabatic and two-shell cluster systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bailey, David H.; Frolov, Alexei M.

2003-12-01

Since the above paper was published we have received a suggestion from T K Rebane that our variational energy, -402.261 928 652 266 220 998 au, for the 3S(L = 0) state from table 4 (right-hand column) is wrong in the fourth and fifth decimal digits. Our original variational energies were E(2000) = -402.192 865 226 622 099 583 au and E(3000) = -402.192 865 226 622 099 838 au. Unfortunately, table 4 contains a simple typographic error. The first two digits after the decimal point (26) in the published energies must be removed. Then the results exactly coincide with the original energies. These digits (26) were left in table 4 from the original version, which also included the 2S(L = 0) states of the helium-muonic atoms. A similar typographic error was found in table 4 of another paper by A M Frolov (2001 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 34 3813). The computed ground state energy for the ppµ muonic molecular ion was -0.494 386 820 248 934 546 94 mau. In table 4 of that paper the first figure '8' (fifth digit after the decimal point) was lost from the energy value presented in this table. We wish to thank T K Rebane of the Fock Physical Institute in St Petersburg for pointing out the misprint related to the helium(4)-muonic atom.

Indirect drive ablative Rayleigh-Taylor experiments with rugby hohlraums on OMEGA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Casner, A.; Galmiche, D.; Huser, G.; Jadaud, J.-P.; Liberatore, S.; Vandenboomgaerde, M.

2009-09-01

Results of ablative Rayleigh-Taylor instability growth experiments performed in indirect drive on the OMEGA laser facility [T. R. Boehly, D. L. Brown, S. Craxton et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)] are reported. These experiments aim at benchmarking hydrocodes simulations and ablator instabilities growth in conditions relevant to ignition in the framework of the Laser MégaJoule [C. Cavailler, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 47, 389 (2005)]. The modulated samples under study were made of germanium-doped plastic (CHGe), which is the nominal ablator for future ignition experiments. The incident x-ray drive was provided using rugby-shaped hohlraums [M. Vandenboomgaerde, J. Bastian, A. Casner et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 065004 (2007)] and was characterized by means of absolute time-resolved soft x-ray power measurements through a dedicated diagnostic hole, shock breakout data and one-dimensional and two-dimensional (2D) side-on radiographies. All these independent x-ray drive diagnostics lead to an actual on-foil flux that is about 50% smaller than laser-entrance-hole measurements. The experimentally inferred flux is used to simulate experimental optical depths obtained from face-on radiographies for an extensive set of initial conditions: front-side single-mode (wavelength λ =35, 50, and 70 μm) and two-mode perturbations (wavelength λ =35 and 70 μm, in phase or in opposite phase). Three-dimensional pattern growth is also compared with the 2D case. Finally the case of the feedthrough mechanism is addressed with rear-side modulated foils.

Pseudogap in normal underdoped phase of Bi2212: LDA + DMFT + Σk

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nekrasov, I. A.; Kuchinskii, E. Z.; Pchelkina, Z. V.; Sadovskii, M. V.

2007-09-01

Pseudogap phenomena are observed for normal underdoped phase of different high- Tc cuprates. Among others Bi 2Sr 2CaCu 2O 8- δ (Bi2212) compound is one of the most studied experimentally [A. Damascelli, Z. Hussain, Z.-X. Shen, Rev. Mod. Phys. 75 (2003) 473; J.C. Campuzano, M.R. Norman, M. Randeria, in: K.H. Bennemann, J.B. Ketterson (Eds.), Physics of Superconductors, vol. 2, Springer, Berlin, 2004, p. 167; J. Fink et al., cond-mat/0512307; X.J. Zhou et al., cond-mat/0604284]. To describe pseudogap regime in Bi2212, we employ novel generalized DMFT + Σk approach [E.Z. Kuchinskii, I.A. Nekrasov, M.V. Sadovskii, JETP Lett. 82 (2005) 198; M.V. Sadovskii et al., Phys. Rev. B 72 (2005) 155105, and these proceedings, doi:10.1016/j.physc.2007.03.367]. This approach gives possibility to preserve conventional dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) equations [A. Georges et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 68 (1996) 13] and include an additional (momentum dependent) self-energy Σk. In the present case, Σk describes non-local dynamical correlations induced by short-ranged collective Heisenberg-like antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations [M.V. Sadovskii, Physics-Uspekhi 44 (2001) 515, cond-mat/0408489]. The effective single impurity problem in the DMFT + Σk is solved by numerical renormalization group (NRG) [R. Bulla, A.C. Hewson, Th. Pruschke, J. Phys. Cond. Mat. 10 (1998) 8365; R. Bulla, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 (1999) 136]. To take into account material specific properties of two neighboring CuO 2 layers of Bi2212 we employ local density approximation (LDA) to calculate necessary model parameters, e.g. the values of intra- and interlayer hopping integrals between Cu-sites. Onsite Coulomb interaction U for x2- y2 orbital was calculated in constrained LDA method [O. Gunnarsson et al., Phys. Rev. B 39 (1989) 1708]. The value of pseudogap potential Δ was obtained within DMFT(NRG) [E.Z. Kuchinskii, I.A. Nekrasov, M.V. Sadovskii, JETP Lett. 82 (2005) 198; M.V. Sadovskii et al., Phys. Rev. B 72 (2005) 155105, and these proceedings, doi:10.1016/j.physc.2007.03.367]. Here, we report theoretical LDA + DMFT + Σk quasiparticle bands dispersion, Fermi surface (FS) and angular resolved photoemission (ARPES) spectra accounting for pseudogap and bilayer splitting effects for normal underdoped Bi2212 ( δ = 0.15). We show that LDA-calculated value of bilayer splitting (BS) is too small to describe experimentally observed peak-dip-hump structure. Fermi surface in presence of the pseudogap fluctuations is almost insensitive to the BS value. Results obtained are in good agreement with recent ARPES experiments.

Real-Time PCR Diagnostics for Detecting and Identifying Potential Bioweapons

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-11-18

pestis Bacillus cereus Salmonella enteritidis Yersinia pestis Bacillus thurigiensis Serratia odorifera Yersinia pestis Bacillus coagulans Shigella...10fg NTC 100pg-opt 10pg-opt 1pg-opt 100fg-opt 10fg-opt NTC-opt USAMRIID Specificity Organism Organism Organism Acineobacter baumanni Bacillus subtilis...var niger Staphylococcus saprophyticus Bacillus anthracis BA0068 Bacillus bronchiseptica Staphylococcus epidermidis Bacillus anthracis Clostridium

Parity-time symmetry optics for modal selection in transverse and longitudinal waves (Conference Presentation)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Benisty, Henri; Lupu, Anatole

2017-05-01

The evolving field of optics for information and communication is currently seeking directions to expand the data rates in all concerned devices, fiber-based or on chips. We describe here two possibilities where the new concept of PT-symmetry in optics [1,2] can be exploited to help high data rate operation, considering either transverse or longitudinal aspects of modal selection, and assuming that data are carried using precise modes. The first aspect is transverse multimode transport. In this case, a fiber or a waveguide carries a few modes, say 4 to 16, and at nodes, they have to undergo a demux/mux operation to add or drop a subset of them, as much as possible without affecting the others. We shall consider to this end the operation as described in ref. [3] : if a PT-symmetric "potential", which essentially consists of a transverse gain-loss profile with antisymmetry, is applied to a waveguide, it has a very different impact on the different modes and mode families in the waveguide. One can in particular find situations where only two modes of the passive waveguide to be analyzed may enter into a gain regime, and not the other ones. From this scheme and others [4], we will discuss what is the road left towards an actual device, either in dielectrics or in case plasmonics is envisioned [5], i.e. with rather constant losses, but the possible advantage of miniaturization. The second aspect is longitudinal mode selection. The special transport properties of PT-symmetric Bragg gratings are now well established. In order to be used within a data management system, attention has to be paid to the rejection rate of Bragg gratings, and to the flatness of their response in the targeted window. To this end, a slow modulation of both real and imaginary parts of the periodic pattern of the basically PT-symmetric waveguide can help, in the general spirit of "apodization", but now with more parameters. We will detail some aspects of the designs introduced in [6] , notably their ease of implementation in established optoelectronic fabrication platforms. To conclude these considerations, the perspectives offered by the combination of transverse multimode systems and PT-symmetric type of periodicity will be discussed. [1] C. M. Bender and S. Boettcher, "Real spectra in non-Hermitian Hamiltonians having PT-symmetry," Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 5243 (1998). [2] J. Čtyroký, V. Kuzmiak, and S. Eyderman, "Waveguide structures with antisymmetric gain/loss profile," Opt. Express 18, 21585-21593 (2010). [3] H. Benisty, A. Lupu, A. Degiron, "Transverse periodic PT symmetry for modal demultiplexing in optical waveguides," Phys. Rev. A 91, 053825 (2015). [4] N. Rivolta, B. Maes, "Symmetry recovery for coupled photonic modes with transversal PT symmetry", Opt. Letters, 40, 16, 3922-3925, (2015) [5] A. Lupu, H. Benisty, A. Degiron, "Switching using PT symmetry in plasmonic systems: positive role of the losses," Opt. Express 21, 21651-21668 (2013). [6] A. Lupu, H. Benisty, A. Lavrinenko, "Tailoring spectral properties of binary PT-symmetric gratings by using duty cycle methods," JSTQE 22, 35-41 (2016).

Locked modes in two reversed-field pinch devices of different size and shell system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Malmberg, J.-A.; Brunsell, P. R.; Yagi, Y.; Koguchi, H.

2000-10-01

The behavior of locked modes in two reversed-field pinch devices, the Toroidal Pinch Experiment (TPE-RX) [Y. Yagi et al., Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 41, 2552 (1999)] and Extrap T2 [J. R. Drake et al., in Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1996, Montreal (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1996), Vol. 2, p. 193] is analyzed and compared. The main characteristics of the locked mode are qualitatively similar. The toroidal distribution of the mode locking shows that field errors play a role in both devices. The probability of phase locking is found to increase with increasing magnetic fluctuation levels in both machines. Furthermore, the probability of phase locking increases with plasma current in TPE-RX despite the fact that the magnetic fluctuation levels decrease. A comparison with computations using a theoretical model estimating the critical mode amplitude for locking [R. Fitzpatrick et al., Phys. Plasmas 6, 3878 (1999)] shows a good correlation with experimental results in TPE-RX. In Extrap T2, the magnetic fluctuations scale weakly with both plasma current and electron densities. This is also reflected in the weak scaling of the magnetic fluctuation levels with the Lundquist number (˜S-0.06). In TPE-RX, the corresponding scaling is ˜S-0.18.

A polar-drive-ignition design for the National Ignition Facility

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Collins, T. J. B.; Marozas, J. A.; Anderson, K. S.

2012-05-15

Polar drive [Skupsky et al., Phys. Plasmas 11, 2763 (2004)] will enable direct-drive experiments to be conducted on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) [Miller et al., Opt. Eng. 43, 2841 (2004)], while the facility is configured for x-ray drive. A polar-drive ignition design for the NIF has been developed that achieves a gain of 32 in two-dimensional (2-D) simulations, which include single- and multiple-beam nonuniformities and ice and outer-surface roughness. This design requires both single-beam UV polarization smoothing and one-dimensional (1-D) multi-frequency modulator (MFM) single-beam smoothing to achieve the required laser uniformity. The multi-FM smoothing is employed only during themore » low-intensity portion of the laser pulse, allowing for the use of sufficient smoothing-by-spectral-dispersion bandwidth while maintaining safe laser operations during the high-intensity part of the pulse. This target is robust to all expected sources of perturbations.« less

Evaluation of van der Waals density functionals for layered materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tawfik, Sherif Abdulkader; Gould, Tim; Stampfl, Catherine; Ford, Michael J.

2018-03-01

In 2012, Björkman et al. posed the question "Are we van der Waals ready?" [T. Björkman et al., J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 24, 424218 (2012), 10.1088/0953-8984/24/42/424218] about the ability of ab initio modeling to reproduce van der Waals (vdW) dispersion forces in layered materials. The answer at that time was no, however. Here we report on a new generation of vdW dispersion models and show that one, i.e., the fractionally ionic atom theory with many-body dispersions, offers close to quantitative predictions for layered structures. Furthermore, it does so from a qualitatively correct picture of dispersion forces. Other methods, such as D3 and optB88vdW, also work well, albeit with some exceptions. We thus argue that we are nearly vdW ready and that some modern dispersion methods are accurate enough to be used for nanomaterial prediction, albeit with some caution required.

Mobility of long-chain DNA in two-dimensional artificial gels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Turner, Stephen W. P.; Han, Jongyoon; Craighead, Harold G.

2000-03-01

In this study, a two-dimensional array of nanofabricated obstacles is used as an artificial gel to study the electrophoretic mobility dependence of DNA as a function of pore size, molecule length and electric field. Limitations in feature size have prevented previous studies from testing the crossover from the separating to the non-separating regime predicted by the biased reptation model of Lumpkin, Dejardin and Zimm[1] and the modified model of Duke, Semenov and Viovy.[2] That limitation is overcome in this work with the use of electron beam lithography to define features as small as 30 nm. Attainment of these feature sizes was made possible by the use of a sacrificial-layer-based technique for fluidics fabrication.[3] A novel band-launching strategy is used to provide band separation data for the first time in this system. Molecule lengths between 5 and 150 kilobases are studied for electric field strengths from 0.1 to 20 Volts per meter. [1] O. Lumpkin, P. Dejardin and B. Zimm, Biopolymers, Vol. 24, 1573-1593 (1985) [2] T. Duke, A. Semenov and J. Viovy, Phys. Rev. Lett. Vol. 69, No. 22, 3260-3263 (1992) [3] S. Turner, A. Perez, A. Lopez, and H. Craighead, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 16(6) 3835-3840 (1998)

12 CFR 717.22 - Scope and duration of opt-out.

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2013-01-01

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2011-01-01

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2013-01-01

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Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

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Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

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Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

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12 CFR 1022.22 - Scope and duration of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

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16 CFR 680.22 - Scope and duration of opt-out.

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2012-01-01

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12 CFR 1022.22 - Scope and duration of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

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12 CFR 1022.22 - Scope and duration of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

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2012-01-01

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2012-01-01

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17 CFR 160.9 - Delivering privacy and opt out notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

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16 CFR 313.9 - Delivering privacy and opt out notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

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Quality improvement of laminated board made from oil palm trunk at various outer layer using phenol formaldehyde adhesive

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hartono, R.; Sucipto, T.

2018-02-01

Characteristic of laminated board from oil palm trunk (OPT) is very low in quality. The effort to improved it’s quality done by using the outer layer from high density wood. The purpose of this experiment was to analyzed the effects of the outer layer on physical and mechanical properties of OPT and to obtain optimum treatment to fulfills JAS 234:2003. All of laminated board was made of 3 layers, and for the middle layer was made by densified-OPT. Then for the outer layer was made of sengon and meranti wood. The sample size was 5 cm (width) × 3 cm (thick) × 45 cm (length). The various outer layer of laminated board were A (OPT/densified OPT/OPT); B (Sengon/densified OPT/OPT); C (Sengon/densified OPT/sengon); D (Meranti/densified OPT/OPT) and E (Meranti/densified OPT/meranti). The results showed that the moisture content, density, thickness swelling, delamination, MOR and MOE were 6.10-8.48%; 0.40-0.63 g/cm3; 6.43-13.20%; 0%; 168.79-438.29 kg/cm2 and 30115-100454 kg/cm2, respectively. The moisture content and delamination fulfills JAS 234:2003, while density and thickness swelling did not fulfill standard. Whereas for MOR and MOE value, only type D and E that fulfill standard. There are strongth relationship between density and mechanical properties, such as MOR and MOE value. The optimum treatment in this reseach to made laminated board made from OPT was type D that using the meranti as outer layer.

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2013-07-01

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Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

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2010-07-01

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40 CFR 97.85 - NOX Budget opt-in permit contents.

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2010-07-01

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12 CFR 332.9 - Delivering privacy and opt out notices.

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2013-01-01

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2012-01-01

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12 CFR 222.23 - Contents of opt-out notice; consolidated and equivalent notices.

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2010-01-01

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2010-01-01

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UV-VIS backscattering measurements on atmospheric particles mixture using polarization lidar coupled with numerical simulations and laboratory experiments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miffre, Alain; Francis, Mirvatte; Anselmo, Christophe; Rairoux, Patrick

2015-04-01

As underlined by the latest IPCC report [1], tropospheric aerosols are nowadays recognized as one of the main uncertainties affecting the Earth's climate and human health. This issue is not straightforward due to the complexity of these nanoparticles, which present a wide range of sizes, shapes and chemical composition, which vary as a function of altitude, especially in the troposphere, where strong temperature variations are encountered under different water vapour content (from 10 to 100 % relative humidity). During this oral presentation, I will first present the scientific context of this research. Then, the UV-VIS polarimeter instrument and the subsequent calibration procedure [2] will be presented, allowing quantitative evaluation of particles backscattering coefficients in the atmosphere. In this way, up to three-component particles external mixtures can be partitioned into their spherical and non-spherical components, by coupling UV-VIS depolarization lidar measurements with numerical simulations of backscattering properties specific to non-spherical particles, such as desert dust or sea-salt particles [3], by applying the T-matrix numerical code [4]. This combined methodology is new, as opposed to the traditional approach using the lidar and T-matrix methodologies separately. In complement, recent laboratory findings [5] and field applications [6] will be presented, enhancing the sensitivity of the UV-VIS polarimeter. References [1] IPCC report, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC, (2013). [2] G. David, A. Miffre, B. Thomas, and P. Rairoux: "Sensitive and accurate dual-wavelength UV-VIS polarization detector for optical remote sensing of tropospheric aerosols," Appl. Phys. B 108, 197-216 (2012). [3] G. David, B. Thomas, T. Nousiainen, A. Miffre and P. Rairoux: "Retrieving simulated volcanic, desert dust, and sea-salt particle properties from two / three-component particle mixtures using UV-VIS polarization Lidar and T-matrix," Atmos. Chem Phys. 13, 6757-6776 (2013). [4] M.I. Mishchenko, L.D. Travis and A.A. Lacis: "Scattering, absorption and emission of Light by small particles," 3rd edition, Cambridge University Press UK, (2002). [5] G. David, B. Thomas, E. Coillet, A. Miffre, and P. Rairoux, Polarization-resolved exact light backscattering by an ensemble of particles in air, Opt. Exp., 21, No. 16, 18624-18639, (2013). [6] G. David, B. Thomas, Y. Dupart, B. D'Anna, C. George, A. Miffre and P. Rairoux, UV polarization lidar for remote sensing new particles formation in the atmosphere, Opt. Exp., 22, A1009-A1022, (2014).

Sex, Gender, and Aspirations to Top Management: Who's Opting out? Who's Opting in?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Powell, Gary N.; Butterfield, D. Anthony

2013-01-01

The "opt-out revolution" has become a much-discussed phenomenon over the last decade. According to media reports, highly educated women are increasingly opting out of careers that would place them on the fast track to top management levels. However, little attention has been devoted to whether the opt-out revolution may also apply to highly…

40 CFR 96.283 - Applying for CAIR opt-in permit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR SO2 Opt-in Units § 96.283 Applying for CAIR opt-in permit. (a) Applying for initial CAIR opt-in permit. The CAIR designated representative of a unit meeting the requirements for a CAIR SO2 opt-in unit...

12 CFR 716.7 - Form of opt out notice to consumers and opt out methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... your consumers that accurately explains the right to opt out under that section. The notice must state... consumer to a nonaffiliated third party; (ii) That the consumer has the right to opt out of that disclosure; and (iii) A reasonable means by which the consumer may exercise the opt out right. (2) Examples. (i...

Iron deficiency regulated OsOPT7 is essential for iron homeostasis in rice.

PubMed

Bashir, Khurram; Ishimaru, Yasuhiro; Itai, Reiko Nakanishi; Senoura, Takeshi; Takahashi, Michiko; An, Gynheung; Oikawa, Takaya; Ueda, Minoru; Sato, Aiko; Uozumi, Nobuyuki; Nakanishi, Hiromi; Nishizawa, Naoko K

2015-05-01

The molecular mechanism of iron (Fe) uptake and transport in plants are well-characterized; however, many components of Fe homeostasis remain unclear. We cloned iron-deficiency-regulated oligopeptide transporter 7 (OsOPT7) from rice. OsOPT7 localized to the plasma membrane and did not transport Fe(III)-DMA or Fe(II)-NA and GSH in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Furthermore OsOPT7 did not complement the growth of yeast fet3fet4 mutant. OsOPT7 was specifically upregulated in response to Fe-deficiency. Promoter GUS analysis revealed that OsOPT7 expresses in root tips, root vascular tissue and shoots as well as during seed development. Microarray analysis of OsOPT7 knockout 1 (opt7-1) revealed the upregulation of Fe-deficiency-responsive genes in plants grown under Fe-sufficient conditions, despite the high Fe and ferritin concentrations in shoot tissue indicating that Fe may not be available for physiological functions. Plants overexpressing OsOPT7 do not exhibit any phenotype and do not accumulate more Fe compared to wild type plants. These results indicate that OsOPT7 may be involved in Fe transport in rice.

High Precision Spectroscopy of CH_5^+ Using Nice-Ohvms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hodges, James N.; Perry, Adam J.; McCall, Benjamin J.

2013-06-01

The elusive methonium ion, CH_5^+, is of great interest due to its highly fluxional nature. The only published high-resolution infrared spectrum remains completely unassigned to this date. The primary challenge in understanding the CH_5^+ spectrum is that traditional spectroscopic approaches rely on a molecule having only small (or even large) amplitude motions about a well-defined reference geometry, and this is not the case with CH_5^+. We are in the process of re-scanning Oka's spectrum, in the original Black Widow discharge cell, using the new technique of Noise Immune Cavity Enhanced Optical Heterodyne Velocity Modulation Spectroscopy (NICE-OHVMS). The high precision afforded by optical saturation in conjunction with a frequency comb allows transition line centers to be determined with sub-MHz accuracy and precision -- a substantial improvement over the 90 MHz precision of Oka's work. With a high-precision linelist in hand, we plan to search for four line combination differences to directly determine the spacings between rotational energy levels. Such a search is currently infeasible due to the large number of false positives resulting from the relatively low precision and high spectral density of Oka's spectrum. The resulting combination differences, in conjunction with state-of-the-art theoretical calculations from Tucker Carrington, may provide the first insight into the rotational structure of this unique molecular system. E. T. White, J. Tang, T. Oka, Science (1999) 284, 135--137. B. M. Siller, et al. Opt. Express (2011), 19, 24822--24827. K. N. Crabtree, et al. Chem. Phys. Lett. (2012), 551, 1--6. X. Wang, T. Carrington, J. Chem. Phys., (2008), 129, 234102.

Reduction of time-averaged irradiation speckle nonuniformity in laser-driven plasmas due to target ablation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Epstein, R.

1997-09-01

In inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments, irradiation uniformity is improved by passing laser beams through distributed phase plates (DPPs), which produce focused intensity profiles with well-controlled, reproducible envelopes modulated by fine random speckle. [C. B. Burckhardt, Appl. Opt. {bold 9}, 695 (1970); Y. Kato and K. Mima, Appl. Phys. B {bold 29}, 186 (1982); Y. Kato {ital et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. {bold 53}, 1057 (1984); Laboratory for Laser Energetics LLE Review 33, NTIS Document No. DOE/DP/40200-65, 1987 (unpublished), p. 1; Laboratory for Laser Energetics LLE Review 63, NTIS Document No. DOE/SF/19460-91, 1995 (unpublished), p. 1.] A uniformly ablating plasmamore » atmosphere acts to reduce the contribution of the speckle to the time-averaged irradiation nonuniformity by causing the intensity distribution to move relative to the absorption layer of the plasma. This occurs most directly as the absorption layer in the plasma moves with the ablation-driven flow, but it is shown that the effect of the accumulating ablated plasma on the phase of the laser light also makes a quantitatively significant contribution. Analytical results are obtained using the paraxial approximation applied to the beam propagation, and a simple statistical model is assumed for the properties of DPPs. The reduction in the time-averaged spatial spectrum of the speckle due to these effects is shown to be quantitatively significant within time intervals characteristic of atmospheric hydrodynamics under typical ICF irradiation intensities. {copyright} {ital 1997 American Institute of Physics.}« less

Theoretical quantification of shock-timing sensitivities for direct-drive inertial confinement fusion implosions on OMEGA

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cao, D.; Boehly, T. R.; Gregor, M. C.

Using temporally shaped laser pulses, multiple shocks can be launched in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion implosion experiments to set the shell on a desired isentrope or adiabat. The velocity of the first shock and the times at which subsequent shocks catch up to it are measured through the VISAR diagnostic [T. R. Boehly et al., Phys. Plasmas 18, 092706 (2011)] on OMEGA [T. R. Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)]. Simulations reproduce these velocity and shock-merger time measurements when using laser pulses designed for setting mid-adiabat (alpha ~ 3) implosions, but agreement degrades for lower-adiabat (alpha ~ 1)more » designs. Several possibilities for this difference are studied: (1) errors in placing the target at the center of irradiation (target offset), (2) variations in energy between the different incident beams (power imbalance), and (3) errors in modeling the laser energy coupled into the capsule. Simulation results indicate that shock timing is most sensitive to details of the density and temperature profiles in the coronal plasma, which influences the laser energy coupled into the target, and only marginally sensitive to target offset and beam power imbalance. A new technique under development to infer coronal profiles using x-ray self-emission imaging [A. K. Davis et al., Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 61, BAPS.2016.DPP.NO8.7 (2016)] can be applied to the pulse shapes used in shock-timing experiments. This will help identify improved physics models to implement in codes and consequently enhance shock-timing predictive capability for low-adiabat pulses.« less

New observation and combined analysis of the Cs{sub 2} 0{sub g}{sup −}, 0{sub u}{sup +}, and 1{sub g} states at the asymptotes 6S{sub 1/2} + 6P{sub 1/2} and 6S{sub 1/2} + 6P{sub 3/2}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ma, Jie; Liu, Wenliang; Wu, Jizhou

2014-12-28

We report on new observations of the photoassociation spectroscopy of ultracold cesium molecules using a highly sensitive detection technique and a combined analysis with all observed electronic states. The technique is achieved by directly modulating the frequency of the trapping lasers of a magneto-optical trap. New observations of the Cs{sub 2}0{sub g}{sup −}, 0{sub u}{sup +}, and 1{sub g} states at the asymptotes 6S{sub 1/2} + 6P{sub 1/2} and 6S{sub 1/2} + 6P{sub 3/2} are reported. The spectral range is extended to the red detuning of 112 cm{sup −1} below the 6S{sub 1/2} + 6P{sub 3/2} dissociation limit. Dozens ofmore » vibrational levels of the ultracold Cs{sub 2}0{sub g}{sup −}, 0{sub u}{sup +}, and 1{sub g} states are observed for the first time. The available experimental binding energies of these states are analyzed simultaneously in a framework of the generalized LeRoy–Bernstein theory and the almost degenerate perturbation theory by Marinescu and Dalgarno [Phys. Rev. A: At., Mol., Opt. Phys. 52, 311 (1995)]. The unique atomic-related parameter c{sub 3} governing the dispersion forces of all the molecular states is estimated as (10.29 ± 0.05) a.u.« less

Accurate Determination of Rotational Energy Levels in the Ground State of ^{12}CH_4

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abe, M.; Iwakuni, K.; Okubo, S.; Sasada, H.

2013-06-01

We have measured absolute frequencies of saturated absorption of 183 allowed and 21 forbidden transitions in the νb{3} band of ^{12}CH_4 using an optical comb-referenced difference-frequency-generation spectrometer from 86.8 to 93.1 THz (from 2890 to 3100 wn). The pump and signal sources are a 1.06-μ m Nd:YAG laser and a 1.5-μ m extended-cavity laser diode. An enhanced-cavity absorption cell increases the optical electric field and enhances the sensitivity. The typical uncertainty is 3 kHz for the allowed transitions and 12 kHz for the forbidden transitions. Twenty combination differences are precisely determined, and the scalar rotational and centrifugal distortion constants of the ground state are thereby yielded as r@ = l@ r@ = l B_{{s}} (157 122 614.2 ± 1.5) kHz, D_{{s}} (3 328.545 ± 0.031) kHz, H_{{s}} (190.90 ± 0.26) Hz, and L_{{s}} (-13.16 ± 0.76) mHz. Here, B_{{s}} is the rotational constant and D_{{s}}, H_{{s}} and L_{{s}} are the scalar quartic, sextic, octic distortion constants. The relative uncertainties are considerably smaller than those obtained from global analysis of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. S. Okubo, H. Nakayama, K. Iwakuni, H. Inaba and H. Sasada, Opt. Express 19, 23878 (2011). M. Abe, K. Iwakuni, S. Okubo, and H. Sasada, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B (to be published). S. Albert, S. Bauerecker, V. Boudon, L. R. Brown, J. -P. Champion, M. Loëte, A. Nikitin, and M. Quack, Chem. Phys. 356, 131 (2009).

Cavity-Enhanced Spectroscopy of Molecular Ions in the Mid-Infrared with Up-Conversion Detection and Brewster-Plate Spoilers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Markus, Charles R.; McCollum, Jefferson E.; Hodges, James Neil; Perry, Adam J.; McCall, Benjamin J.

2017-06-01

Molecular ions are challenging to study with conventional spectroscopic methods. Laboratory discharges produce ions in trace quantities which can be obscured by the abundant neutral molecules present. The technique Noise Immune Cavity Enhanced Optical Heterodyne Velocity Modulation Spectroscopy (NICE-OHVMS) overcomes these challenges by combining the ion-neutral discrimination of velocity modulation spectroscopy with the sensitivity of Noise-Immune Cavity-Enhanced Optical Heterodyne Molecular Spectroscopy (NICE-OHMS), and has been able to determine transition frequencies of molecular ions in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) with sub-MHz uncertainties when calibrated with an optical frequency comb. However, the extent of these studies was limited by the presence of fringes due to parasitic etalons and the speed and noise characteristics of mid-IR detectors. Recently, we have overcome these limitations by implementing up-conversion detection and dithered optics. We performed up-conversion using periodically poled lithium niobate to convert light from the mid-IR to the visible to be within the coverage of sensitive and fast silicon detectors while maintaining our heterodyne and velocity modulation signals. The parasitic etalons were removed by rapidly rotating CaF_2 windows with galvanometers, which is known as a Brewster-plate spoiler, which averaged out the fringes in detection. Together, these improved the sensitivity by more than an order of magnitude and have enabled extended spectroscopic surveys of molecular ions in the mid-IR. J. N. Hodges, A. J. Perry, P. A. Jenkins II, B. M. Siller, and B. J. McCall, J. Chem. Phys. (2013), 139, 164201. C. R. Webster, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B (1985), 2, 1464. C. R. Markus, A. J. Perry, J. N. Hodges, and B. J. McCall, Opt. Express (2017), 25, 3709-3721.

The meaning of default options for potential organ donors

PubMed Central

Davidai, Shai; Gilovich, Thomas; Ross, Lee D.

2012-01-01

Rates of participation in organ donation programs are known to be powerfully influenced by the relevant default policy in effect (“opt-in” vs. “opt-out”). Three studies provide evidence that this difference in participation may occur in part because the requirement to opt-in or opt-out results in large differences in the meaning that individuals attach to participation. American participants in Study 1 rated participation as a significantly more substantial action when agreement was purportedly obtained under opt-in rather than opt-out conditions, and nonagreement as a greater abrogation of responsibility when that decision was made under opt-out rather than under opt-in conditions. Study 2 replicated these findings with respondents who live in Germany, which employs an opt-in donation policy, and in Austria, which has an opt-out policy. Study 3 required American participants to rate various actions that differ in the effort and self-sacrifice they demand. As predicted, the placement of organ donation on the resulting multidimensional scaling dimension differed significantly depending on whether it purportedly was made in an opt-in country (where it was considered roughly akin to giving away half of one’s wealth to charity upon one’s death) or an opt-out country (where it fell between letting others get ahead of one in line and volunteering some time to help the poor). We discuss the relationship between this change of meaning account and two other mechanisms—behavioral inertia and implicit norms—that we believe underlie the default effect in decision making and other effects of policies designed to influence decision-makers. PMID:22949639

More than one-third of successfully nonoperatively treated patients with complicated appendicitis experienced recurrent appendicitis: Is interval appendectomy necessary?

PubMed

Tanaka, Yujiro; Uchida, Hiroo; Kawashima, Hiroshi; Fujiogi, Michimasa; Suzuki, Keisuke; Takazawa, Shinya; Deie, Kyoichi; Amano, Hizuru; Iwanaka, Tadashi

2016-12-01

Although nonoperative treatment (non-OPT) for complicated appendicitis is performed widely, the long-term outcomes and merits of interval appendectomy (IA) need to be evaluated. Between April 2007 and December 2013, all appendicitis patients with well-circumscribed abscess or phlegmon were required to select either laparoscopic surgery (OPT) or non-OPT with optional IA on admission. Optional IA was planned at ≥3months after non-OPT. For non-OPT, intravenous injection of antibiotics was continued until the serum C-reactive protein concentration decreased to <0.5mg/dL, with occasional drainage of abscesses. Thirty-three patients chose OPT, and 55 chose non-OPT. Among non-OPT patients, 16 selected IA. The success rate of non-OPT was 98.2%. Recurrence occurred in 13 (34.2%) of the 38 non-IA group patients. Although the non-IA group patients frequently had perforated appendicitis at recurrence, they visited the hospital earlier than at the initial appendicitis and had less inflammation. Readmission rate or complications in patients undergoing IA were not different compared with those of the patients in the non-IA group, who had recurrence at ≥3months, or with those of patients in the OPT group. Although many patients experienced recurrent appendicitis after successful nonoperative treatment, IA may not be necessary after non-OPT. Prospective comparative study, level II. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A randomised controlled trial to compare opt-in and opt-out parental consent for childhood vaccine safety surveillance using data linkage: study protocol.

PubMed

Berry, Jesia G; Ryan, Philip; Braunack-Mayer, Annette J; Duszynski, Katherine M; Xafis, Vicki; Gold, Michael S

2011-01-04

The Vaccine Assessment using Linked Data (VALiD) trial compared opt-in and opt-out parental consent for a population-based childhood vaccine safety surveillance program using data linkage. A subsequent telephone interview of all households enrolled in the trial elicited parental intent regarding the return or non-return of reply forms for opt-in and opt-out consent. This paper describes the rationale for the trial and provides an overview of the design and methods. Single-centre, single-blind, randomised controlled trial (RCT) stratified by firstborn status. Mothers who gave birth at one tertiary South Australian hospital were randomised at six weeks post-partum to receive an opt-in or opt-out reply form, along with information explaining data linkage. The primary outcome at 10 weeks post-partum was parental participation in each arm, as indicated by the respective return or non-return of a reply form (or via telephone or email response). A subsequent telephone interview at 10 weeks post-partum elicited parental intent regarding the return or non-return of the reply form, and attitudes and knowledge about data linkage, vaccine safety, consent preferences and vaccination practices. Enrolment began in July 2009 and 1,129 households were recruited in a three-month period. Analysis has not yet been undertaken. The participation rate and selection bias for each method of consent will be compared when the data are analysed. The VALiD RCT represents the first trial of opt-in versus opt-out consent for a data linkage study that assesses consent preferences and intent compared with actual opting in or opting out behaviour, and socioeconomic factors. The limitations to generalisability are discussed. Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12610000332022.

Nitrogen losses and greenhouse gas emissions under different N and water management in a subtropical double-season rice cropping system.

PubMed

Liang, Kaiming; Zhong, Xuhua; Huang, Nongrong; Lampayan, Rubenito M; Liu, Yanzhuo; Pan, Junfeng; Peng, Bilin; Hu, Xiangyu; Fu, Youqiang

2017-12-31

Nitrogen non-point pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission are major challenges in rice production. This study examined options for both economic and environmental sustainability through optimizing water and N management. Field experiments were conducted to examine the crop yields, N use efficiency (NUE), greenhouse gas emissions, N losses under different N and water management. There were four treatments: zero N input with farmer's water management (N0), farmer's N and water management (FP), optimized N management with farmer's water management (OPT N ) and optimized N management with alternate wetting and drying irrigation (OPT N +AWD). Grain yields in OPT N and OPT N +AWD treatments increased by 13.0-17.3% compared with FP. Ammonia volatilization (AV) was the primary pathway for N loss for all treatments and accounted for over 50% of the total losses. N losses mainly occurred before mid-tillering. N losses through AV, leaching and surface runoff in OPT N were reduced by 18.9-51.6% compared with FP. OPT N +AWD further reduced N losses from surface runoff and leaching by 39.1% and 6.2% in early rice season, and by 46.7% and 23.5% in late rice season, respectively, compared with OPT N . The CH 4 emissions in OPT N +AWD were 20.4-45.4% lower than in OPT N and FP. Total global warming potential of CH 4 and N 2 O was the lowest in OPT N +AWD. On-farm comparison confirmed that N loss through runoff in OPT N +AWD was reduced by over 40% as compared with FP. OPT N and OPT N +AWD significantly increased grain yield by 6.7-13.9%. These results indicated that optimizing water and N management can be a simple and effective approach for enhancing yield with reduced environmental footprints. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Macro optical projection tomography for large scale 3D imaging of plant structures and gene activity

PubMed Central

Lee, Karen J. I.; Calder, Grant M.; Hindle, Christopher R.; Newman, Jacob L.; Robinson, Simon N.; Avondo, Jerome J. H. Y.

2017-01-01

Abstract Optical projection tomography (OPT) is a well-established method for visualising gene activity in plants and animals. However, a limitation of conventional OPT is that the specimen upper size limit precludes its application to larger structures. To address this problem we constructed a macro version called Macro OPT (M-OPT). We apply M-OPT to 3D live imaging of gene activity in growing whole plants and to visualise structural morphology in large optically cleared plant and insect specimens up to 60 mm tall and 45 mm deep. We also show how M-OPT can be used to image gene expression domains in 3D within fixed tissue and to visualise gene activity in 3D in clones of growing young whole Arabidopsis plants. A further application of M-OPT is to visualise plant-insect interactions. Thus M-OPT provides an effective 3D imaging platform that allows the study of gene activity, internal plant structures and plant-insect interactions at a macroscopic scale. PMID:28025317

OPTiM: Optical projection tomography integrated microscope using open-source hardware and software

PubMed Central

Andrews, Natalie; Davis, Samuel; Bugeon, Laurence; Dallman, Margaret D.; McGinty, James

2017-01-01

We describe the implementation of an OPT plate to perform optical projection tomography (OPT) on a commercial wide-field inverted microscope, using our open-source hardware and software. The OPT plate includes a tilt adjustment for alignment and a stepper motor for sample rotation as required by standard projection tomography. Depending on magnification requirements, three methods of performing OPT are detailed using this adaptor plate: a conventional direct OPT method requiring only the addition of a limiting aperture behind the objective lens; an external optical-relay method allowing conventional OPT to be performed at magnifications >4x; a remote focal scanning and region-of-interest method for improved spatial resolution OPT (up to ~1.6 μm). All three methods use the microscope’s existing incoherent light source (i.e. arc-lamp) and all of its inherent functionality is maintained for day-to-day use. OPT acquisitions are performed on in vivo zebrafish embryos to demonstrate the implementations’ viability. PMID:28700724

Active functional devices using parity-time symmetry optics (Conference Presentation)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brac de la Perriere, Vincent; Benisty, Henri; Ramdane, Abderrahim; Lupu, Anatole

2017-05-01

The progress of nanotechnologies has triggered the emergence of many photonic artificial structures: photonic crystals, metamaterials, plasmonic resonators. Recently the intriguing class of PT-symmetric devices, referring to Parity-Time symmetry [1] has attracted much attention. The characteristic feature of PT-symmetry is that the structures' refractive index profile is complex-valued due to the presence of alternating gain and loss regions in the system. Apart from fundamental research motivations, the tremendous interest in these artificial systems is strongly driven by the practical outcomes expected to foster a new generation of tunable, reconfigurable and non-reciprocal devices. The principle of gain-loss modulation lying in the heart of PT-symmetry optics enables a range of innovative solutions in the field of integrated optics at 1.5μm [2-7]. By using PT-symmetric coupled waveguides and Bragg reflectors as fundamental building blocks, it is possible to build a wide variety of functional optical devices. The PT-symmetry principle provides an alternative way for the realization of active devices that could become functional in a new platform for integrated optics. For instance one major bottleneck of the III-V/Si hybrid integration approach is that each type of active devices (laser, modulator, etc) requires a specific composition of III-V semiconductor alloy, involving a variety of (re)growth challenges. The advantage of the PT-symmetry solution is that the fabrication of all these devices can be done with a single stack of III-V semiconductor alloys that greatly simplifies the technological process. The aim of the current contribution is to provide a survey of the most promising applications of PT-symmetry in photonics with a particular emphases on the transition from theoretical concepts to experimental devices. The intention is to draw attention to the risks and issues related to the practical implementation that are most often overlooked in the basic theoretical models. An analysis of solutions to circumvent or overcome these issues to achieve a proper devices operation will be presented. Preliminary results on the experimental realization of PT symmetric structures using III-V's technology will be communicated. [1] C. M. Bender and S. Boettcher, "Real spectra in non-Hermitian Hamiltonians having PT-symmetry," Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 5243 (1998). [2] J. Čtyroký, V. Kuzmiak, and S. Eyderman, "Waveguide structures with antisymmetric gain/loss profile," Opt. Express 18, 21585-21593 (2010). [3] A. Lupu, H. Benisty, A. Degiron, "Switching using PT symmetry in plasmonic systems: positive role of the losses," Opt. Express 21, 21651-21668 (2013). [4] S. Phang, A. Vukovic, H. Susanto, T. M. Benson, and Ph. Sewell, "Ultrafast optical switching using parity-time symmetric Bragg gratings. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 30, 2984 (2013). [5] H. Benisty, A. Lupu, A. Degiron, "Transverse periodic PT symmetry for modal demultiplexing in optical waveguides," Phys. Rev. A 91, 053825 (2015). [6] S. Phang, A. Vukovic, S. C. Creagh, P. D. Sewell, G. Gradoni, T. M. Benson, T. M. "Localized Single Frequency Lasing States in a Finite Parity-Time Symmetric Resonator Chain," Scientific Reports, 6, 20499 (2016). [7] A. Lupu, H. Benisty, A. Lavrinenko, "Tailoring spectral properties of binary PT-symmetric gratings by using duty cycle methods," JSTQE 22, 35-41 (2016).

Dynamics of model blood cells in shear flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Podgorski, Thomas; Callens, Natacha; Minetti, Christophe; Coupier, Gwennou; Dubois, Frank; Misbah, Chaouqi

The dynamics of a vesicle suspension in shear flow was investigated by digital holographic microscopy [1] in parabolic flights and in the MASER 11 sounding rocket. Vesicles are lipid membranes which mimic the mechanical behaviour of cells, such as red blood cells in flow. In a simple shear flow between parallel walls, a lift force of purely viscous origin pushes vesicles away from walls. Our parabolic flight experiments [2] reveal that the lift velocity in a dilute suspen-sion is well described by theoretical predictions by Olla. As vesicles gather near the center of the flow chamber due to lift forces from both walls, one expects hydrodynamic interactions of pairs of vesicles to result in shear induced diffusion in the suspension. The BIOMICS experi-ment in the MASER 11 sounding rocket revealed a complex spatial structure of a polydisperse vesicle suspension due to the interplay between lift forces from the walls and hydrodynamic interactions. These phenomena have a strong impact on the structure and rheology of blood in small vessels, and a precise knowledge of the dynamics of migration and diffusion of soft particles in flow can lead to alternative ways to separate and sort blood cells. 1. Dubois, F., Schockaert, C., Callens, N., Yourrassowsky, C., "Focus plane detection criteria in digital holography microscopy by amplitude analysis", Opt. Express, Vol. 14, pp 5895-5908, 2006 2. Callens, N., Minetti, C., Coupier, G., Mader, M.-A., Dubois, F., Misbah, C., Podgorski, T., "Hydrodynamics lift of vesicles under shear flow in microgravity", Europhys. Lett., Vol. 83, p. 24002, 2008

Application of a life cycle assessment to compare environmental performance in coal mine tailings management.

PubMed

Adiansyah, Joni Safaat; Haque, Nawshad; Rosano, Michele; Biswas, Wahidul

2017-09-01

This study compares coal mine tailings management strategies using life cycle assessment (LCA) and land-use area metrics methods. Hybrid methods (the Australian indicator set and the ReCiPe method) were used to assess the environmental impacts of tailings management strategies. Several strategies were considered: belt filter press (OPT 1), tailings paste (OPT 2), thickened tailings (OPT 3), and variations of OPT 1 using combinations of technology improvement and renewable energy sources (OPT 1A-D). Electrical energy was found to contribute more than 90% of the environmental impacts. The magnitude of land-use impacts associated with OPT 3 (thickened tailings) were 2.3 and 1.55 times higher than OPT 1 (tailings cake) and OPT 2 (tailings paste) respectively, while OPT 1B (tailings belt filter press with technology improvement and solar energy) and 1D (tailings belt press filter with technology improvement and wind energy) had the lowest ratio of environmental impact to land-use. Further analysis of an economic cost model and reuse opportunities is required to aid decision making on sustainable tailings management and industrial symbiosis. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 74.14 - Opt-in permit process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

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Optical Rogue Waves: Theory and Experiments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Taki, M.; Mussot, A.; Kudlinski, A.; Louvergneaux, E.; Kolobov, M.

2010-05-01

In the ocean, giant waves (also called killer waves, freak or rogue waves) are extremely rare and strong events. They are not well understood yet and the conditions which favour their emergence are unclear. Very recently, it was shown that the governing equations [1] as well as the statistical properties of an optical pulse propagating inside an optical fibre [2] mimic very well these gigantic surface waves in the ocean. Here we generate both experimentally and numerically optical rogue waves in a photonic crystal fiber (microstructured fiber) with continuous wave (CW) pumps. This is relevant for establishing an analogy with rogue waves in an open ocean. After recalling fundamental rogue waves [3] known as Akhmediev breathers that are solutions of pure nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation, we analytically demonstrate that a generalized NLS equation, which governs the propagation of light in the fiber, exhibits convective modulationnal instability [4]. The latter provides one of the main explanations of the optical rogue wave extreme sensitivity to noisy initial conditions at the linear stage of their formation [5]. In the highly nonlinear regime, we provide the evidence that optical rogue waves result from soliton collisions leading to the rapid appearance/disappearance of a powerful optical pulse [6]. REFERENCES [1] C. Kharif, E. Pelinovsky, and A. Slunyaev, "Rogue Waves in the ocean", Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009 [2] D. R. Solli, C. Ropers, P. Koonath, and B. Jalali, "Optical rogue waves" Nature 450, 1054-1058, (2008). [3] N. Akhmediev, A. Ankiewicz, and M. Taki, "Waves that appear from nowhere and disappear without a trace", Phys. Lett. A 373, 675 (2009). [4] A. Mussot, E. Louvergneaux, N. Akhmediev, F. Reynaud, Delage, and M. Taki, "Optical fiber systems are convectively unstable", Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 113904 (2008). [5] M. Taki, A. Mussot, A. Kudlinski, E. Louvergneaux, M. Kolobov, M. Douay, "Third-order dispersion for generating optical rogue solitons", Phys. Lett. A 374, 691-695 (2010). [6] A. Mussot, A. Kudlinski, M. Kolobov, E. Louvergneaux, M. Douay and M. Taki, "Observation of extreme temporal events in CW-pumped supercontinuum", Opt. Express 17 (19), 17010 (2009).

16 CFR 313.7 - Form of opt out notice to consumers; opt out methods.

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2010-01-01

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2010-01-01

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2012-01-01

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Solution of the many-electron many-photon problem for strong fields: Application to Li{sup -} in one- and two-color laser fields

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mercouris, Theodoros; Nicolaides, Cleanthes A.; Physics Department, National Technical University, Athens

2003-06-01

The solution of the many-electron many-photon (MEMP) problem for strong fields is facilitated if the corresponding theory entails a computational methodology that combines economy with accuracy and generality, as regards electronic structure and the incorporation of the continuous spectrum. By applying the nonperturbative MEMP theory (MEMPT) to the prototypical Li{sup -} {sup 1}S state, where both radial and angular correlations in the initial state and interchannel couplings in the final scattering states cannot be ignored, we computed frequency-dependent widths {gamma}({omega}) of multiphoton detachment, as well as energy shifts {delta}({omega}), for intensities 1x10{sup 9}-1x10{sup 11} W/cm{sup 2}, using one- as wellmore » as two-color fields. Even though the 1s{sup 2}2p {sup 2}P{sup o} threshold is kept energetically closed, its coupling to the open channel 1s{sup 2}2s {sup 2}S cannot be ignored. For the two-color MEMP problem, the present application of the MEMPT provides results for a four-electron system, whereby the self-consistent field, electron correlation, and interchannel coupling are taken into account. The results for ({omega}, 3{omega}) laser fields exhibit the recently predicted [Th. Mercouris and C.A. Nicolaides, Phys. Rev. A 63, 013411 (2001)] linear dependence of the rate on cos {phi}, where {phi} is the phase difference of the two weak fields. Based on this and on lowest-order perturbation theory (LOPT), we obtain a quantity characteristic of the system atom plus fields, which we name the 'interference generalized cross section'. For the one-color system, comparison is made with our previous conclusions [C.A. Nicolaides and Th. Mercouris, Chem. Phys. Lett. 159, 45 (1989); J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 7, 494 (1990)] and with results from recent calculations of the two- and three-photon detachment rates by Glass et al. [J. Phys. B 31, L667 (1998)], who implemented R-matrix Floquet theory, and by Telnov and Chu [Phys. Rev. A 66, 043417 (2002)], who implemented time-dependent density-functional theory in the Floquet formulation via exterior complex scaling. Similarities as well as discrepancies are observed. Our results for {gamma}({omega}) and {delta}({omega}) involve a dense set of values as a function of {omega} and provide a clear picture of the physics below, at, and above the 3{yields}2 photon threshold.« less

Potential profile near singularity point in kinetic Tonks-Langmuir discharges as a function of the ion sources temperature

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kos, L.; Tskhakaya, D. D.; Jelic, N.

2011-05-15

A plasma-sheath transition analysis requires a reliable mathematical expression for the plasma potential profile {Phi}(x) near the sheath edge x{sub s} in the limit {epsilon}{identical_to}{lambda}{sub D}/l=0 (where {lambda}{sub D} is the Debye length and l is a proper characteristic length of the discharge). Such expressions have been explicitly calculated for the fluid model and the singular (cold ion source) kinetic model, where exact analytic solutions for plasma equation ({epsilon}=0) are known, but not for the regular (warm ion source) kinetic model, where no analytic solution of the plasma equation has ever been obtained. For the latter case, Riemann [J. Phys.more » D: Appl. Phys. 24, 493 (1991)] only predicted a general formula assuming relatively high ion-source temperatures, i.e., much higher than the plasma-sheath potential drop. Riemann's formula, however, according to him, never was confirmed in explicit solutions of particular models (e.g., that of Bissell and Johnson [Phys. Fluids 30, 779 (1987)] and Scheuer and Emmert [Phys. Fluids 31, 3645 (1988)]) since ''the accuracy of the classical solutions is not sufficient to analyze the sheath vicinity''[Riemann, in Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Gaseous Electronic Conference, APS Meeting Abstracts, Vol. 54 (APS, 2009)]. Therefore, for many years, there has been a need for explicit calculation that might confirm the Riemann's general formula regarding the potential profile at the sheath edge in the cases of regular very warm ion sources. Fortunately, now we are able to achieve a very high accuracy of results [see, e.g., Kos et al., Phys. Plasmas 16, 093503 (2009)]. We perform this task by using both the analytic and the numerical method with explicit Maxwellian and ''water-bag'' ion source velocity distributions. We find the potential profile near the plasma-sheath edge in the whole range of ion source temperatures of general interest to plasma physics, from zero to ''practical infinity.'' While within limits of ''very low'' and ''relatively high'' ion source temperatures, the potential is proportional to the space coordinate powered by rational numbers {alpha}=1/2 and {alpha}=2/3, with medium ion source temperatures. We found {alpha} between these values being a non-rational number strongly dependent on the ion source temperature. The range of the non-rational power-law turns out to be a very narrow one, at the expense of the extension of {alpha}=2/3 region towards unexpectedly low ion source temperatures.« less

Solitary waves in shallow water hydrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics in rotating spherical coordinates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

London, Steven D.

2018-01-01

In a recent paper (London, Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn. 2017, vol. 111, pp. 115-130, referred to as L1), we considered a perfect electrically conducting rotating fluid in the presence of an ambient toroidal magnetic field, governed by the shallow water magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations in a modified equatorial ?-plane approximation. In conjunction with a WKB type approximation, we used a multiple scale asymptotic scheme, previously developed by Boyd (J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1980, vol. 10, pp. 1699-1717) for equatorial solitary hydrodynamic waves, and found solitary MHD waves. In this paper, as in L1, we apply a WKB type approximation in order to extend the results of L1 from the modified ?-plane to the full spherical geometry. We have included differential rotation in the analysis in order to make the results more relevant to the solar case. In addition, we consider the case of hydrodynamic waves on the rotating sphere in the presence of a differential rotation intended to roughly model the varying large scale currents in the oceans and atmosphere. In the hydrodynamic case, we find the usual equatorial solitary waves as found by Boyd, as well as waves in bands away from the equator for sufficiently strong currents. In the MHD case, we find basically the same equatorial waves found in L1. L1 also found non-equatorial modes; no such modes are found in the full spherical geometry.

Flux amplification and sustainment of ST plasmas by multi-pulsed coaxial helicity injection on HIST

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Higashi, T.; Ishihara, M.; Kikuchi, Y.; Fukumoto, N.; Nagata, M.

2010-11-01

The Helicity Injected Spherical Torus (HIST) device has been developed towards high-current start up and sustainment by Multi-pulsed Coaxial Helicity Injection (M-CHI) method. Multiple pulses operation of the coaxial plasma gun can build the magnetic field of STs and spheromak plasmas in a stepwise manner. So far, successive gun pulses on SSPX at LLNL were demonstrated to maintain the magnetic field of spheromak in a quasi-steady state against resistive decay [1]. The resistive 3D-MHD numerical simulation [2] for STs reproduced the current amplification by the M-CHI method and confirmed that stochastic magnetic field was reduced during the decay phase. By double pulsed operation on HIST, the plasma current was effectively amplified against the resistive decay. The life time increases up to 10 ms which is longer than that in the single CHI case (4 ms). The edge poloidal fields last between 0.5 ms and 6 ms like a repetitive manner. During the second driven phase, the toroidal ion flow is driven in the same direction as the plasma current as well as in the initial driven phase. At the meeting, we will discuss a current amplification mechanism based on the merging process with the plasmoid injected secondly from the gun. [1] B. Hudson et al., Phys. Plasmas Vol.15, 056112 (2008). [2] Y. Kagei et al., J. Plasma Fusion Res. Vol.79, 217 (2003).

48 CFR 452.236-79 - Opted Timber Sale Road Requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Opted Timber Sale Road... Opted Timber Sale Road Requirements. As prescribed in 436.579, insert the following clause: Opted Timber Sale Road Requirements (NOV 1996) This contract is for the construction of timber sale road(s) which a...

12 CFR 571.22 - Scope and duration of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... REPORTING Affiliate Marketing § 571.22 Scope and duration of opt-out. (a) Scope of opt-out—(1) In general... described in the notice to make solicitations to the consumer. (2) Continuing relationship—(i) In general. If the consumer establishes a continuing relationship with you or your affiliate, an opt-out notice...

12 CFR 717.22 - Scope and duration of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... CREDIT REPORTING Affiliate Marketing § 717.22 Scope and duration of opt-out. (a) Scope of opt-out. (1) In... as described in the notice to make solicitations to the consumer. (2) Continuing relationship. (i) In general. If the consumer establishes a continuing relationship with you or your affiliate, an opt-out...

16 CFR 680.22 - Scope and duration of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... MARKETING § 680.22 Scope and duration of opt-out. (a) Scope of opt-out—(1) In general. Except as otherwise... make solicitations to the consumer. (2) Continuing relationship—(i) In general. If the consumer establishes a continuing relationship with you or your affiliate, an opt-out notice may apply to eligibility...

17 CFR 248.7 - Form of opt out notice to consumers; opt out methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... relationship terminates, the customer's opt out direction continues to apply to the nonpublic personal... establishes a new customer relationship with you, the opt out direction that applied to the former... notice in writing or, if the consumer agrees, electronically. (d) Joint relationships. (1) If two or more...

12 CFR 573.7 - Form of opt out notice to consumers; opt out methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... relationship terminates, the customer's opt out direction continues to apply to the nonpublic personal... establishes a new customer relationship with you, the opt out direction that applied to the former... relationships. (1) If two or more consumers jointly obtain a financial product or service from you, you may...

12 CFR 571.27 - Renewal of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... and Banking OFFICE OF THRIFT SUPERVISION, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FAIR CREDIT REPORTING Affiliate Marketing § 571.27 Renewal of opt-out. (a) Renewal notice and opt-out requirement. (1) In general. After the... from an affiliate to a consumer who previously opted out, unless: (i) The consumer has been given a...

12 CFR 334.27 - Renewal of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... CREDIT REPORTING Affiliate Marketing § 334.27 Renewal of opt-out. (a) Renewal notice and opt-out... eligibility information you receive from an affiliate to a consumer who previously opted out, unless: (i) The... provided in § 334.22(b) of this part. (3) Affiliates who may provide the notice. The notice required by...

12 CFR 571.27 - Renewal of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... and Banking OFFICE OF THRIFT SUPERVISION, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FAIR CREDIT REPORTING Affiliate Marketing § 571.27 Renewal of opt-out. (a) Renewal notice and opt-out requirement. (1) In general. After the... from an affiliate to a consumer who previously opted out, unless: (i) The consumer has been given a...

12 CFR 571.27 - Renewal of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... and Banking OFFICE OF THRIFT SUPERVISION, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FAIR CREDIT REPORTING Affiliate Marketing § 571.27 Renewal of opt-out. (a) Renewal notice and opt-out requirement. (1) In general. After the... from an affiliate to a consumer who previously opted out, unless: (i) The consumer has been given a...

17 CFR 248.121 - Affiliate marketing opt out and exceptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Affiliate marketing opt out... COMMISSION (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM Regulation S-AM: Limitations on Affiliate Marketing § 248.121 Affiliate marketing opt out and exceptions. (a) Initial notice and opt out requirement—(1) In general. You...

12 CFR 41.27 - Renewal of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... and Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FAIR CREDIT REPORTING Affiliate Marketing § 41.27 Renewal of opt-out. (a) Renewal notice and opt-out requirement. (1) In general. After the... from an affiliate to a consumer who previously opted out, unless: (i) The consumer has been given a...

12 CFR 41.27 - Renewal of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... and Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FAIR CREDIT REPORTING Affiliate Marketing § 41.27 Renewal of opt-out. (a) Renewal notice and opt-out requirement. (1) In general. After the... from an affiliate to a consumer who previously opted out, unless: (i) The consumer has been given a...

12 CFR 1022.27 - Renewal of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Banks and Banking BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION FAIR CREDIT REPORTING (REGULATION V) Affiliate Marketing § 1022.27 Renewal of opt-out. (a) Renewal notice and opt-out requirement—(1) In general. After the... from an affiliate to a consumer who previously opted out, unless: (i) The consumer has been given a...

16 CFR 680.21 - Affiliate marketing opt-out and exceptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Affiliate marketing opt-out and exceptions... AFFILIATE MARKETING § 680.21 Affiliate marketing opt-out and exceptions. (a) Initial notice and opt-out... affiliate to make a solicitation for marketing purposes to the consumer, unless— (i) It is clearly and...

17 CFR 248.121 - Affiliate marketing opt out and exceptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 4 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Affiliate marketing opt out... COMMISSION (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS S-P, S-AM, AND S-ID Regulation S-AM: Limitations on Affiliate Marketing § 248.121 Affiliate marketing opt out and exceptions. (a) Initial notice and opt out requirement—(1) In...

12 CFR 334.27 - Renewal of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... CREDIT REPORTING Affiliate Marketing § 334.27 Renewal of opt-out. (a) Renewal notice and opt-out... eligibility information you receive from an affiliate to a consumer who previously opted out, unless: (i) The... provided in § 334.22(b) of this part. (3) Affiliates who may provide the notice. The notice required by...

12 CFR 41.27 - Renewal of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... and Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FAIR CREDIT REPORTING Affiliate Marketing § 41.27 Renewal of opt-out. (a) Renewal notice and opt-out requirement. (1) In general. After the... from an affiliate to a consumer who previously opted out, unless: (i) The consumer has been given a...

12 CFR 1022.27 - Renewal of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Banks and Banking BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION FAIR CREDIT REPORTING (REGULATION V) Affiliate Marketing § 1022.27 Renewal of opt-out. (a) Renewal notice and opt-out requirement—(1) In general. After the... from an affiliate to a consumer who previously opted out, unless: (i) The consumer has been given a...

17 CFR 248.121 - Affiliate marketing opt out and exceptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Affiliate marketing opt out... COMMISSION (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM Regulation S-AM: Limitations on Affiliate Marketing § 248.121 Affiliate marketing opt out and exceptions. (a) Initial notice and opt out requirement—(1) In general. You...

12 CFR 334.27 - Renewal of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... CREDIT REPORTING Affiliate Marketing § 334.27 Renewal of opt-out. (a) Renewal notice and opt-out... eligibility information you receive from an affiliate to a consumer who previously opted out, unless: (i) The... provided in § 334.22(b) of this part. (3) Affiliates who may provide the notice. The notice required by...

12 CFR 571.27 - Renewal of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... and Banking OFFICE OF THRIFT SUPERVISION, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FAIR CREDIT REPORTING Affiliate Marketing § 571.27 Renewal of opt-out. (a) Renewal notice and opt-out requirement. (1) In general. After the... from an affiliate to a consumer who previously opted out, unless: (i) The consumer has been given a...

12 CFR 41.27 - Renewal of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... and Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY FAIR CREDIT REPORTING Affiliate Marketing § 41.27 Renewal of opt-out. (a) Renewal notice and opt-out requirement.—(1) In general. After the... from an affiliate to a consumer who previously opted out, unless: (i) The consumer has been given a...

12 CFR 334.27 - Renewal of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... CREDIT REPORTING Affiliate Marketing § 334.27 Renewal of opt-out. (a) Renewal notice and opt-out... eligibility information you receive from an affiliate to a consumer who previously opted out, unless: (i) The... provided in § 334.22(b) of this part. (3) Affiliates who may provide the notice. The notice required by...

40 CFR 74.19 - Revision and renewal of opt-in permit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Revision and renewal of opt-in permit. 74.19 Section 74.19 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) SULFUR DIOXIDE OPT-INS Permitting Procedures § 74.19 Revision and renewal of opt-in...

12 CFR 1016.9 - Delivering privacy and opt out notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 8 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Delivering privacy and opt out notices. 1016.9 Section 1016.9 Banks and Banking BUREAU OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL PROTECTION PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION (REGULATION P) Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 1016.9 Delivering privacy and opt out notices. (a...

12 CFR 573.9 - Delivering privacy and opt out notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2014-01-01 2012-01-01 true Delivering privacy and opt out notices. 573.9 Section 573.9 Banks and Banking OFFICE OF THRIFT SUPERVISION, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 573.9 Delivering privacy and opt out notices...

12 CFR 334.27 - Renewal of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Renewal of opt-out. 334.27 Section 334.27 Banks and Banking FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION REGULATIONS AND STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY FAIR CREDIT REPORTING Affiliate Marketing § 334.27 Renewal of opt-out. (a) Renewal notice and opt-out...

75 FR 76974 - Reedsport OPT Wave Park, LLC; Oregon; Notice of Availability of Environmental Assessment

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-10

... Office of Energy Projects has reviewed Reedsport OPT Wave Park, LLC's application for license for the Reedsport OPT Wave Park Project (FERC Project No. 12713-002), which would be located in Oregon State... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Project No. 12713-002] Reedsport OPT...

'We didn't have to dance around it': opt-out HIV testing among homeless and marginalised patients.

PubMed

Leidel, Stacy; Leslie, Gavin; Boldy, Duncan; Davies, Andrew; Girdler, Sonya

2017-07-01

This study explored opt-out HIV testing in an Australian general practice. The aims were to: (1) determine the effect of the opt-out approach on the number of HIV tests performed; and (2) explore the acceptability of opt-out HIV testing from the healthcare providers' perspective. A prospective mixed-methods study of opt-out HIV testing over a 2-year period (March 2014-March 2016) was conducted. Implementation was based on a theoretical framework that was developed specifically for this study. The setting was Homeless Healthcare, a health service in Perth, Western Australia. The number of HIV tests conducted during the control year (usual practice) was compared with the intervention year (opt-out testing). After the intervention, the healthcare providers (n=8) were interviewed about their experiences with opt-out HIV testing. Directed content analysis was used to explore the qualitative data. HIV testing rates were low during both the control year and the intervention year (315 HIV tests (12% of the patient cohort) and 344 HIV tests (10%) respectively). Opt-out HIV testing was feasible and acceptable to the participating healthcare providers. Other health services could consider opt-out HIV testing for their patients to identify people with undiagnosed infections and sustain Australia's low HIV prevalence.

Complaint-adaptive power density optimization as a tool for HTP-guided steering in deep hyperthermia treatment of pelvic tumors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Canters, R. A. M.; Franckena, M.; van der Zee, J.; Van Rhoon, G. C.

2008-12-01

For an efficient clinical use of HTP (hyperthermia treatment planning), optimization methods are needed. In this study, a complaint-adaptive PD (power density) optimization as a tool for HTP-guided steering in deep hyperthermia of pelvic tumors is developed and tested. PD distribution in patients is predicted using FE-models. Two goal functions, Opt1 and Opt2, are applied to optimize PD distributions. Optimization consists of three steps: initial optimization, adaptive optimization after a first complaint and increasing the weight of a region after recurring complaints. Opt1 initially considers only target PD whereas Opt2 also takes into account hot spots. After patient complaints though, both limit PD in a region. Opt1 and Opt2 are evaluated in a phantom test, using patient models and during hyperthermia treatment. The phantom test and a sensitivity study in ten patient models, show that HTP-guided steering is most effective in peripheral complaint regions. Clinical evaluation in two groups of five patients shows that time between complaints is longer using Opt2 (p = 0.007). However, this does not lead to significantly different temperatures (T50s of 40.3 (Opt1) versus 40.1 °C (Opt2) (p = 0.898)). HTP-guided steering is feasible in terms of PD reduction in complaint regions and in time consumption. Opt2 is preferable in future use, because of better complaint reduction and control.

Optimizing primary care research participation: a comparison of three recruitment methods in data-sharing studies.

PubMed

Lord, Paul A; Willis, Thomas A; Carder, Paul; West, Robert M; Foy, Robbie

2016-04-01

Recruitment of representative samples in primary care research is essential to ensure high-quality, generalizable results. This is particularly important for research using routinely recorded patient data to examine the delivery of care. Yet little is known about how different recruitment strategies influence the characteristics of the practices included in research. We describe three approaches for recruiting practices to data-sharing studies, examining differences in recruitment levels and practice representativeness. We examined three studies that included varying populations of practices from West Yorkshire, UK. All used anonymized patient data to explore aspects of clinical practice. Recruitment strategies were 'opt-in', 'mixed opt-in and opt-out' and 'opt-out'. We compared aggregated practice data between recruited and not-recruited practices for practice list size, deprivation, chronic disease management, patient experience and rates of unplanned hospital admission. The opt-out strategy had the highest recruitment (80%), followed by mixed (70%) and opt-in (58%). Practices opting-in were larger (median 7153 versus 4722 patients, P = 0.03) than practices that declined to opt-in. Practices recruited by mixed approach were larger (median 7091 versus 5857 patients, P = 0.04) and had differences in the clinical quality measure (58.4% versus 53.9% of diabetic patients with HbA1c ≤ 59 mmol/mol, P < 0.01). We found no differences between practices recruited and not recruited using the opt-out strategy for any demographic or quality of care measures. Opt-out recruitment appears to be a relatively efficient approach to ensuring participation of typical general practices. Researchers should, with appropriate ethical safeguards, consider opt-out recruitment of practices for studies involving anonymized patient data sharing. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Preferences for opt-in and opt-out enrollment and consent models in biobank research: a national survey of Veterans Administration patients.

PubMed

Kaufman, David; Bollinger, Juli; Dvoskin, Rachel; Scott, Joan

2012-09-01

In 2006, the Department of Veterans Affairs launched the Genomic Medicine Program with the goal of using genomic information to personalize and improve health care for veterans. A step toward this goal is the Million Veteran Program, which aims to enroll a million veterans in a longitudinal cohort study and establish a database with genomic, lifestyle, military-exposure, and health information. Before the launch of the Million Veteran Program, a survey of Department of Veterans Affairs patients was conducted to measure preferences for opt-in and opt-out models of enrollment and consent. An online survey was conducted with a random sample of 451 veterans. The survey described the proposed Million Veteran Program database and asked respondents about the acceptability of opt-in and opt-out models of enrollment. The study examined differences in responses among demographic groups and relationships between beliefs about each model and willingness to participate. Most respondents were willing to participate under both opt-in (80%) and opt-out (69%) models. Nearly 80% said they would be comfortable providing access to residual clinical samples for research. At least half of respondents did not strongly favor one model over the other; of those who expressed a preference, significantly more people said they would participate in a study using opt-in methods. Stronger preferences for the opt-in approach were expressed among younger patients and Hispanic patients. Support for the study and willingness to participate were high for both enrollment models. The use of an opt-out model could impede recruitment of certain demographic groups, including Hispanic patients and patients under the age of 55 years.

The Effect of Including an Opt-Out Option in Discrete Choice Experiments

PubMed Central

Veldwijk, Jorien; Lambooij, Mattijs S.; de Bekker-Grob, Esther W.; Smit, Henriëtte A.; de Wit, G. Ardine

2014-01-01

Objective to determine to what extent the inclusion of an opt-out option in a DCE may have an effect on choice behaviour and therefore might influence the attribute level estimates, the relative importance of the attributes and calculated trade-offs. Methods 781 Dutch Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients completed a questionnaire containing nine choice tasks with an opt-out option and nice forced choice tasks. Mixed-logit models were used to estimate the relative importance of the five lifestyle program related attributes that were included. Willingness to pay (WTP) values were calculated and it was tested whether results differed between respondents who answered the choice tasks with an opt-out option in the first or second part of the questionnaire. Results 21.4% of the respondents always opted out. Respondents who were given the opt-out option in the first part of the questionnaire as well as lower educated respondents significantly more often opted out. For both the forced and unforced choice model, different attributes showed significant estimates, the relative importance of the attributes was equal. However, due to differences in relative importance weights, the WTP values for the PA schedule differed significantly between both datasets. Conclusions Results show differences in opting out based on the location of the opt-out option and respondents' educational level; this resulted in small differences between the forced and unforced choice model. Since respondents seem to learn from answering forced choice tasks, a dual response design might result in higher data quality compared to offering a direct opt-out option. Future research should empirically explore how choice sets should be presented to make them as easy and less complex as possible in order to reduce the proportion of respondents that opts-out due to choice task complexity. Moreover, future research should debrief respondents to examine the reasons for choosing the opt-out alternative. PMID:25365169

The effect of including an opt-out option in discrete choice experiments.

PubMed

Veldwijk, Jorien; Lambooij, Mattijs S; de Bekker-Grob, Esther W; Smit, Henriëtte A; de Wit, G Ardine

2014-01-01

to determine to what extent the inclusion of an opt-out option in a DCE may have an effect on choice behaviour and therefore might influence the attribute level estimates, the relative importance of the attributes and calculated trade-offs. 781 Dutch Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients completed a questionnaire containing nine choice tasks with an opt-out option and nice forced choice tasks. Mixed-logit models were used to estimate the relative importance of the five lifestyle program related attributes that were included. Willingness to pay (WTP) values were calculated and it was tested whether results differed between respondents who answered the choice tasks with an opt-out option in the first or second part of the questionnaire. 21.4% of the respondents always opted out. Respondents who were given the opt-out option in the first part of the questionnaire as well as lower educated respondents significantly more often opted out. For both the forced and unforced choice model, different attributes showed significant estimates, the relative importance of the attributes was equal. However, due to differences in relative importance weights, the WTP values for the PA schedule differed significantly between both datasets. Results show differences in opting out based on the location of the opt-out option and respondents' educational level; this resulted in small differences between the forced and unforced choice model. Since respondents seem to learn from answering forced choice tasks, a dual response design might result in higher data quality compared to offering a direct opt-out option. Future research should empirically explore how choice sets should be presented to make them as easy and less complex as possible in order to reduce the proportion of respondents that opts-out due to choice task complexity. Moreover, future research should debrief respondents to examine the reasons for choosing the opt-out alternative.

12 CFR 716.13 - Exception to opt out requirements for service providers and joint marketing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Exception to opt out requirements for service providers and joint marketing. 716.13 Section 716.13 Banks and Banking NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION... opt out requirements for service providers and joint marketing. (a) General rule. (1) The opt out...

12 CFR 41.22 - Scope and duration of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Affiliate Marketing § 41.22 Scope and duration of opt-out. (a) Scope of opt-out. (1) In general. Except as... the notice to make solicitations to the consumer. (2) Continuing relationship. (i) In general. If the consumer establishes a continuing relationship with a bank or its affiliate, an opt-out notice may apply to...

40 CFR 96.188 - CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units.

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2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units. 96.188 Section 96.188 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Opt-in Units § 96.188 CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt...

40 CFR 97.188 - CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units.

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2012-07-01

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40 CFR 96.188 - CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units.

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2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units. 96.188 Section 96.188 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Opt-in Units § 96.188 CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt...

40 CFR 96.188 - CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units.

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2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units. 96.188 Section 96.188 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Opt-in Units § 96.188 CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt...

40 CFR 97.188 - CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units.

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2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units. 97.188 Section 97.188 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... CAIR NOX Opt-In Units § 97.188 CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units. (a) Timing...

40 CFR 97.188 - CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units.

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2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units. 97.188 Section 97.188 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... CAIR NOX Opt-In Units § 97.188 CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units. (a) Timing...

40 CFR 97.188 - CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units. 97.188 Section 97.188 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... CAIR NOX Opt-In Units § 97.188 CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units. (a) Timing...

40 CFR 96.188 - CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units. 96.188 Section 96.188 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Opt-in Units § 96.188 CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt...

40 CFR 96.188 - CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units. 96.188 Section 96.188 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Opt-in Units § 96.188 CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt...

40 CFR 97.188 - CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units. 97.188 Section 97.188 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... CAIR NOX Opt-In Units § 97.188 CAIR NOX allowance allocations to CAIR NOX opt-in units. (a) Timing...

12 CFR 717.27 - Renewal of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... REPORTING Affiliate Marketing § 717.27 Renewal of opt-out. (a) Renewal notice and opt-out requirement. (1... information you receive from an affiliate to a consumer who previously opted out, unless: (i) The consumer has... provided in § 717.22(b) of this part. (3) Affiliates who may provide the notice. The notice required by...

12 CFR 1022.25 - Reasonable and simple methods of opting out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... (REGULATION V) Affiliate Marketing § 1022.25 Reasonable and simple methods of opting out. (a) In general. You must not use eligibility information about a consumer that you receive from an affiliate to make a..., 15 U.S.C. 6801 et seq., the affiliate sharing opt-out under the Act, and the affiliate marketing opt...

12 CFR 1022.25 - Reasonable and simple methods of opting out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... (REGULATION V) Affiliate Marketing § 1022.25 Reasonable and simple methods of opting out. (a) In general. You must not use eligibility information about a consumer that you receive from an affiliate to make a..., 15 U.S.C. 6801 et seq., the affiliate sharing opt-out under the Act, and the affiliate marketing opt...

12 CFR 717.27 - Renewal of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... REPORTING Affiliate Marketing § 717.27 Renewal of opt-out. (a) Renewal notice and opt-out requirement. (1... information you receive from an affiliate to a consumer who previously opted out, unless: (i) The consumer has... provided in § 717.22(b) of this part. (3) Affiliates who may provide the notice. The notice required by...

12 CFR 717.27 - Renewal of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... REPORTING Affiliate Marketing § 717.27 Renewal of opt-out. (a) Renewal notice and opt-out requirement. (1... information you receive from an affiliate to a consumer who previously opted out, unless: (i) The consumer has... provided in § 717.22(b) of this part. (3) Affiliates who may provide the notice. The notice required by...

12 CFR 1022.25 - Reasonable and simple methods of opting out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... (REGULATION V) Affiliate Marketing § 1022.25 Reasonable and simple methods of opting out. (a) In general. You must not use eligibility information about a consumer that you receive from an affiliate to make a..., 15 U.S.C. 6801 et seq., the affiliate sharing opt-out under the Act, and the affiliate marketing opt...

12 CFR 717.27 - Renewal of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

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42 CFR 405.445 - Renewal and early termination of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

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40 CFR 96.83 - Applying for NOX Budget opt-in permit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Applying for NOX Budget opt-in permit... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Individual Unit Opt-ins § 96.83 Applying for NOX Budget opt-in permit. (a) Applying for...

12 CFR 40.9 - Delivering privacy and opt out notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Delivering privacy and opt out notices. 40.9 Section 40.9 Banks and Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY PRIVACY OF CONSUMER FINANCIAL INFORMATION Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 40.9 Delivering privacy and opt out notices. (a) How to...

17 CFR 160.9 - Delivering privacy and opt out notices.

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2012-04-01

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17 CFR 160.9 - Delivering privacy and opt out notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

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17 CFR 160.9 - Delivering privacy and opt out notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

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12 CFR 40.9 - Delivering privacy and opt out notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

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Line-Mixing Relaxation Matrix model for spectroscopic and radiative transfer studies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mendaza, Teresa; Martin-Torres, Javier

2016-04-01

We present a generic model to compute the Relaxation Matrix easily adaptable to any molecule and type of spectroscopic lines or bands in non-reactive molecule collisions regimes. It also provides the dipole moment of every transition and level population of the selected molecule. The model is based on the Energy-Corrected Sudden (ECS) approximation/theory introduced by DePristo (1980), and on previous Relaxation Matrix studies for the interaction between molecular ro-vibrational levels (Ben-Rueven, 1966), atoms (Rosenkranz, 1975), linear molecules (Strow and Reuter, 1994; Niro, Boulet and Hartmann, 2004), and symmetric but not linear molecules (Tran et al., 2006). The model is open source, and it is user-friendly. To the point that the user only has to select the wished molecule and vibrational band to perform the calculations. It reads the needed spectroscopic data from the HIgh-resolution TRANsmission molecular absorption (HITRAN) (Rothman et al., 2013) and ExoMol (Tennyson and Yurchenko, 2012). In this work we present an example of the calculations with our model for the case of the 2ν3 band of methane (CH4), and a comparison with a previous work (Tran et al., 2010). The data produced by our model can be used to characterise the line-mixing effects on ro-vibrational lines of the infrared emitters of any atmosphere, to calculate accurate absorption spectra, that are needed in the interpretation of atmospheric spectra, radiative transfer modelling and General Circulation Models (GCM). References [1] A.E. DePristo, Collisional influence on vibration-rotation spectral line shapes: A scaling theoretical analysis and simplification, J. Chem. Phys. 73(5), 1980. [2] A. Ben-Reuven, Impact broadening of microwave spectra, Phys. Rev. 145(1), 7-22, 1966. [3] P.W. Rosenkranz, Shape of the 5 mm Oxygen Band in the Atmosphere, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. AP-23, no. 4, pp. 498-506, 1975. [4] Strow, L.L., D.D. Tobin, and S.E. Hannon, A compilation of first-order line mixing coefficients for CO2-Q branches, Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, vol. 52, pp. 281-294, 1994. [5] Niro, Boulet and Hartmann, Spectra calculations in central and wing regions of CO2 IR bands between 10 and 20 μm, J. Quant. Spectr. Rad. Transf., 88 (4) : 483-498, 2004. [6] H. Tran, P.M. Flaud, T. Fouchet, T. Gabard and J.M. Hartmann (2006); Model, software and database for line-mixing effects in the ν3 and ν4 bands of CH4 and tests using laboratory and planetary measurements - II: H2 Bibliography 181(and He) broadening and the atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn. J. Quant. Spectr. Rad. Transf., 101 (2), 306 - 324, doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.11.033. [7] Rothman et al., The HITRAN2012 molecular spectroscopic database, Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, vol. 130, 2013. [8] J. Tennyson, S. N. Yurchenko, "ExoMol: molecular line lists for exoplanet and other atmospheres", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 425, 21-33 (2012). [9] H. Tran et al., The 2ν3 band of CH4 revisited with line mixing: Consequences for spectroscopy and atmospheric retrievals at 1.67μm, Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer, vol. 111, no 10, 2010.

Relativistic coupled-cluster and density-functional studies of argon at high pressure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schwerdtfeger, Peter; Steenbergen, Krista G.; Pahl, Elke

2017-06-01

The equation of state P (V ,T ) for solid argon is determined by the calculation of accurate static and vibrational terms in the free energy. The static component comes from a quantum theoretical many-body expansion summing over all energetic contributions from two-, three-, and four-body fragments treated with relativistic coupled cluster theory, while the lattice vibrations are described at an anharmonic level including two- and three-body forces as well as temperature effects. The dynamic part is calculated within the Debye and Einstein approximation, as well as by a more accurate phonon treatment where the vibrational motions in the lattice are coupled. Our results are in good agreement with room-temperature high-pressure experimental data up to ˜20 GPa. In the 20-100 GPa pressure range, however, we see considerable deviations between experiment and theory, perhaps indicating missing four-body contributions (beyond the quadruple dipole terms included here), missing five and higher-body effects, and the need to go beyond the coupled cluster singles-doubles with perturbative triples treatment in such higher-body forces. This contrasts with the results for solid neon, where excellent agreement has been achieved taking only two- and three-body forces into account [P. Schwerdtfeger and A. Hermann, Phys. Rev. B 80, 064106 (2009), 10.1103/PhysRevB.80.064106]. We demonstrate that the phase transition from fcc to hcp cannot account for the large discrepancies observed. Density functional calculations give very mixed results in the high-pressure region, but some functionals such as optB88-vdW (proposed by Lundqvist and co-workers) describe the many-body forces in argon reasonably well over the range of pressures investigated. Theoretical investigations of the heavier rare gas solids reaching experimental accuracy in the high-pressure regime therefore remain a significant challenge.

Dynamics of charged particle motion in the vicinity of three dimensional magnetic null points: Energization and chaos

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gascoyne, Andrew, E-mail: a.d.gascoyne@sheffield.ac.uk

2015-03-15

Using a full orbit test particle approach, we analyse the motion of a single proton in the vicinity of magnetic null point configurations which are solutions to the kinematic, steady state, resistive magnetohydrodynamics equations. We consider two magnetic configurations, namely, the sheared and torsional spine reconnection regimes [E. R. Priest and D. I. Pontin, Phys. Plasmas 16, 122101 (2009); P. Wyper and R. Jain, Phys. Plasmas 17, 092902 (2010)]; each produce an associated electric field and thus the possibility of accelerating charged particles to high energy levels, i.e., > MeV, as observed in solar flares [R. P. Lin, Space Sci. Rev. 124,more » 233 (2006)]. The particle's energy gain is strongly dependent on the location of injection and is characterised by the angle of approach β, with optimum angle of approach β{sub opt} as the value of β which produces the maximum energy gain. We examine the topological features of each regime and analyse the effect on the energy gain of the proton. We also calculate the complete Lyapunov spectrum for the considered dynamical systems in order to correctly quantify the chaotic nature of the particle orbits. We find that the sheared model is a good candidate for the acceleration of particles, and for increased shear, we expect a larger population to be accelerated to higher energy levels. In the strong electric field regime (E{sub 0}=1500 V/m), the torsional model produces chaotic particle orbits quantified by the calculation of multiple positive Lyapunov exponents in the spectrum, whereas the sheared model produces chaotic orbits only in the neighbourhood of the null point.« less

R -matrix-incorporating-time method for H2+ in short and intense laser fields

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ó Broin, Cathal; Nikolopoulos, L. A. A.

2015-12-01

In this work we develop an approach for a molecular hydrogen ion (H2+ ) in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation while exposed to intense short-pulse radiation. Our starting point is the R -matrix-incorporating-time formulation for atomic hydrogen [L. A. A. Nikolopoulos et al., Phys. Rev. A 78, 063420 (2008), 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.063420], which has proven to be successful at treating multielectron atomic systems efficiently and with a high accuracy [L. R. Moore et al., J. Mod. Opt. 58, 1132 (2011), 10.1080/09500340.2011.559315]. The present study on H2+ is performed with the similar objective of developing an ab initio method for solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for multielectron diatomic molecules exposed to an external time-dependent potential field. The theoretical formulation is developed in detail for the molecular hydrogen ion where all the multielectron and internuclei complications are absent. As in the atomic case, the configuration space of the electron's coordinates is separated artificially over two regions: the inner (I) and outer (II) regions. In region I the time-dependent wave function is expanded on the eigenstate basis corresponding to the molecule's Hamiltonian augmented by Bloch operators, while in region II a grid representation is used. We demonstrate the independence of our results from the introduced artificial boundary surface by calculating observables that are directly accessed experimentally and also by showing that gauge-dependent quantities are also invariant with the region I box size. We also compare our results with other theoretical works and emphasize cases where basis-set approaches are currently very computationally expensive or intractable in terms of computational resources.

Minimizing scatter-losses during pre-heat for magneto-inertial fusion targets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Geissel, Matthias; Harvey-Thompson, Adam J.; Awe, Thomas J.; Bliss, David E.; Glinsky, Michael E.; Gomez, Matthew R.; Harding, Eric; Hansen, Stephanie B.; Jennings, Christopher; Kimmel, Mark W.; Knapp, Patrick; Lewis, Sean M.; Peterson, Kyle; Schollmeier, Marius; Schwarz, Jens; Shores, Jonathon E.; Slutz, Stephen A.; Sinars, Daniel B.; Smith, Ian C.; Speas, C. Shane; Vesey, Roger A.; Weis, Matthew R.; Porter, John L.

2018-02-01

The size, temporal and spatial shape, and energy content of a laser pulse for the pre-heat phase of magneto-inertial fusion affect the ability to penetrate the window of the laser-entrance-hole and to heat the fuel behind it. High laser intensities and dense targets are subject to laser-plasma-instabilities (LPI), which can lead to an effective loss of pre-heat energy or to pronounced heating of areas that should stay unexposed. While this problem has been the subject of many studies over the last decades, the investigated parameters were typically geared towards traditional laser driven Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) with densities either at 10% and above or at 1% and below the laser's critical density, electron temperatures of 3-5 keV, and laser powers near (or in excess of) 1 × 1015 W/cm2. In contrast, Magnetized Liner Inertial Fusion (MagLIF) [Slutz et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 056303 (2010) and Slutz and Vesey, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 025003 (2012)] currently operates at 5% of the laser's critical density using much thicker windows (1.5-3.5 μm) than the sub-micron thick windows of traditional ICF hohlraum targets. This article describes the Pecos target area at Sandia National Laboratories using the Z-Beamlet Laser Facility [Rambo et al., Appl. Opt. 44(12), 2421 (2005)] as a platform to study laser induced pre-heat for magneto-inertial fusion targets, and the related progress for Sandia's MagLIF program. Forward and backward scattered light were measured and minimized at larger spatial scales with lower densities, temperatures, and powers compared to LPI studies available in literature.

Time Domain Diffraction by Composite Structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Riccio, Giovanni; Frongillo, Marcello

2017-04-01

Time domain (TD) diffraction problems are receiving great attention because of the widespread use of ultra wide band (UWB) communication and radar systems. It is commonly accepted that, due to the large bandwidth of the UWB signals, the analysis of the wave propagation mechanisms in the TD framework is preferable to the frequency domain (FD) data processing. Furthermore, the analysis of transient scattering phenomena is also of importance for predicting the effects of electromagnetic pulses on civil structures. Diffraction in the TD framework represents a challenging problem and numerical discretization techniques can be used to support research and industry activities. Unfortunately, these methods become rapidly intractable when considering excitation pulses with high frequency content. This contribution deals with the TD diffraction phenomenon related to composite structures containing a dielectric wedge with arbitrary apex angle when illuminated by a plane wave. The approach is the same used in [1]-[3]. The transient diffracted field originated by an arbitrary function plane wave is evaluated via a convolution integral involving the TD diffraction coefficients, which are determined in closed form starting from the knowledge of the corresponding FD counterparts. In particular, the inverse Laplace transform is applied to the FD Uniform Asymptotic Physical Optics (FD-UAPO) diffraction coefficients available for the internal region of the structure and the surrounding space. For each observation domain, the FD-UAPO expressions are obtained by considering electric and magnetic equivalent PO surface currents located on the interfaces. The surface radiation integrals using these sources is assumed as starting point and manipulated for obtaining integrals able to be solved by means of the Steepest Descent Method and the Multiplicative Method. [1] G. Gennarelli and G. Riccio, "Time domain diffraction by a right-angled penetrable wedge," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., Vol. 60, 2829-2833, 2012. [2] G. Gennarelli and G. Riccio, "Obtuse-angled penetrable wedges: a time domain solution for the diffraction coefficients," J. Electromagn. Waves Appl., Vol. 27, 2020-2028, 2013. [3] M. Frongillo, G. Gennarelli and G. Riccio, "TD-UAPO diffracted field evaluation for penetrable wedges with acute apex angle," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, Vol. 32, 1271-1275, 2015.

Conception de lois de pilotage robustes et sequencement de gains par l'approche de systemes lineaires a parametres variants

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hentabli, Kamel

Cette recherche s'inscrit dans le cadre du projet de recherche Active Control Technology entre l'Ecole de Technologie Superieure et le constructeur Bombardier Aeronautique . Le but est de concevoir des strategies de commandes multivariables et robustes pour des modeles dynamiques d'avions. Ces strategies de commandes devraient assurer a l'avion une haute performance et satisfaire des qualites de vol desirees en l'occurrence, une bonne manoeuvrabilite, de bonnes marges de stabilite et un amortissement des mouvements phugoides et rapides de l'avion. Dans un premier temps, nous nous sommes principalement interesses aux methodes de synthese LTI et plus exactement a l'approche Hinfinity et la mu-synthese. Par la suite, nous avons accorde un interet particulier aux techniques de commande LPV. Pour mener a bien ce travail, nous avons envisage une approche frequentielle, typiquement Hinfinity. Cette approche est particulierement interessante, dans la mesure ou le modele de synthese est construit directement a partir des differentes specifications du cahier des charges. En effet, ces specifications sont traduites sous forme de gabarits frequentiels, correspondant a des ponderations en entree et en sortie que l'on retrouve dans la synthese Hinfinity classique. Par ailleurs, nous avons utilise une representation de type lineaire fractionnelle (LFT), jugee mieux adaptee pour la prise en compte des differents types d'incertitudes, qui peuvent intervenir sur le systeme. De plus, cette representation s'avere tres appropriee pour l'analyse de la robustesse via les outils de la mu-analyse. D'autre part, afin d'optimiser le compromis entre les specifications de robustesse et de performance, nous avons opte pour une structure de commande a 2 degres de liberte avec modele de reference. Enfin, ces techniques sont illustrees sur des applications realistes, demontrant ainsi la pertinence et l'applicabilite de chacune d'elle. Mots cles. Commande de vol, qualites de vol et manoeuvrabilite, commande robuste, approche Hinfinity , mu-synthese, systemes lineaires a parametres variants, sequencement de gains, transformation lineaire fractionnelle, inegalite matricielle lineaire.

Invariant polarimetric contrast parameters of light with Gaussian fluctuations in three dimensions.

PubMed

Réfrégier, Philippe; Roche, Muriel; Goudail, François

2006-01-01

We propose a rigorous definition of the minimal set of parameters that characterize the difference between two partially polarized states of light whose electric fields vary in three dimensions with Gaussian fluctuations. Although two such states are a priori defined by eighteen parameters, we demonstrate that the performance of processing tasks such as detection, localization, or segmentation of spatial or temporal polarization variations is uniquely determined by three scalar functions of these parameters. These functions define a "polarimetric contrast" that simplifies the analysis and the specification of processing techniques on polarimetric signals and images. This result can also be used to analyze the definition of the degree of polarization of a three-dimensional state of light with Gaussian fluctuations in comparison, with respect to its polarimetric contrast parameters, with a totally depolarized light. We show that these contrast parameters are a simple function of the degrees of polarization previously proposed by Barakat [Opt. Acta 30, 1171 (1983)] and Setälä et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 123902 (2002)]. Finally, we analyze the dimension of the set of contrast parameters in different particular situations.

Nonequilibrium Green's functions theory for the alpha factor of quantum cascade lasers (Conference Presentation)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pereira, Mauro F.; Winge, David O.; Wacker, Andreas; Jumpertz, Louise; Michel, Florian; Pawlus, Robert; Elsaesser, Wolfgang E.; Schires, Kevin; Carras, Mathieu; Grillot, Frédéric

2016-10-01

The linewidth of a conventional laser is due to fluctuations in the laser field due to spontaneous emission and described by the Schalow-Townes formula. In addition to that, in a semiconductor laser there is a contribution arising from fluctuations in the refractive index induced by carrier density fluctuations. The later are quantitatively described by the linewidth enhancement or alpha factor [C. H. Henry, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 18 (2), 259 (1982), W. W. Chow, S. W. Koch and M. Sargent III, Semiconductor-Laser Physics, Springer-Verlag (1994), M.F. Pereira Jr et al, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B10, 765 (1993). In this paper we investigate the alpha factor of quantum cascade lasers under actual operating conditions using the Nonequilibrium Greens Functions approach [A. Wacker et a, IEEE Journal of Sel. Top. in Quantum Electron.,19 1200611, (2013), T. Schmielau and M.F. Pereira, Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 231111, (2009)]. The simulations are compared with recent results obtained with different optical feedback techniques [L. Jumpertz et al, AIP ADVANCES 6, 015212 (2016)].

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Michel, D. T.; Maximov, A. V.; Short, R. W.

The fraction of laser energy converted into hot electrons by the two-plasmon-decay instability is found to have different overlapped intensity thresholds for various configurations on the Omega Laser Facility [T. R. Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997); J. H. Kelly et al., J. Phys. IV 133, 75 (2006)]. A factor-of-2 difference in the overlapped intensity threshold is observed between two- and four-beam configurations. The overlapped intensity threshold increases by a factor of 2 between the 4- and 18-beam configurations and by a factor of 3 between the 4- and 60-beam configurations. This is explained by a linear common-wavemore » model where multiple laser beams drive a common electron-plasma wave in a wavevector region that bisects the laser beams (resonant common-wave region in k-space). These experimental results indicate that the hot-electron threshold depends on the hydrodynamic parameters at the quarter-critical density surface, the configuration of the laser beams, and the sum of the intensity of the beams that share the same angle with the common-wave vector.« less

40 CFR 96.285 - CAIR opt-in permit contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR SO2 Opt-in Units § 96.285 CAIR opt-in permit contents. (a) Each CAIR opt-in permit will contain... SO2 emission rate under § 96.284(d); (5) A statement whether the unit is to be allocated CAIR SO2...

Assessment Opt-Out Policies: State Responses to Parent Pushback. ECS Education Trends

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aragon, Stephanie; Rowland, Julie; Wixom, Micah Ann

2015-01-01

With new state assessments kicking into full swing across the country, schools are seeing more and more parents wanting to opt out their children. Determining whether states allow assessment opt-outs can be complex and is constantly evolving. In some states the answer is clear: State policies either allow or prohibit state assessment opt-outs, or…

[Bias of results in clinical research due to method of informed consent].

PubMed

Appels, C W Y

2007-03-24

Research ethics committees increasingly demand that investigators use an opt-in method (prior informed consent) to recruit their potential participants. Recent research has shown that opt-in systems of recruitment increase the response bias and reduce response rates. People willing to participate seem to find it burdensome to opt in. In contrast to this, public concern about an opt-out approach is minimal and will probably be outweighed by the potential harm caused by biased results from opt-in approaches. Concerns about protecting the rights of the individual should not override the importance of recruiting patients in medical research.

Participant recruitment in sensitive surveys: a comparative trial of ‘opt in’ versus ‘opt out’ approaches

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Although in health services survey research we strive for a high response rate, this must be balanced against the need to recruit participants ethically and considerately, particularly in surveys with a sensitive nature. In survey research there are no established recommendations to guide recruitment approach and an ‘opt-in’ system that requires potential participants to request a copy of the questionnaire by returning a reply slip is frequently adopted. However, in observational research the risk to participants is lower than in clinical research and so some surveys have used an ‘opt-out’ system. The effect of this approach on response and distress is unknown. We sought to investigate this in a survey of end of life care completed by bereaved relatives. Methods Out of a sample of 1422 bereaved relatives we assigned potential participants to one of two study groups: an ‘opt in’ group (n=711) where a letter of invitation was issued with a reply slip to request a copy of the questionnaire; or an ‘opt out’ group (n=711) where the survey questionnaire was provided alongside the invitation letter. We assessed response and distress between groups. Results From a sample of 1422, 473 participants returned questionnaires. Response was higher in the ‘opt out’ group than in the ‘opt in’ group (40% compared to 26.4%: χ2 =29.79, p-value<.01), there were no differences in distress or complaints about the survey between groups, and assignment to the ‘opt out’ group was an independent predictor of response (OR=1.84, 95% CI: 1.45-2.34). Moreover, the ‘opt in’ group were more likely to decline to participate (χ2=28.60, p-value<.01) and there was a difference in the pattern of questionnaire responses between study groups. Conclusion Given that the ‘opt out’ method of recruitment is associated with a higher response than the ‘opt in’ method, seems to have no impact on complaints or distress about the survey, and there are differences in the patterns of responses between groups, the ‘opt out’ method could be recommended as the most efficient way to recruit into surveys, even in those with a sensitive nature. PMID:23311340

The extension of the INCL model for spallation reactions up to 15 GeV and applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pedoux, Sophie

There has been recently a considerable improvement of the intranuclear cascade + evaporation models, triggered by studies of possible transmutation of nuclear wastes in so-called ADS machines. It seems that the best conditions are fulfilled by proton beams of around 1 GeV. It has been shown that the Liege intranuclear cascade model (INCL), developed along these lines, reproduces fairly well a whole bunch of experimental data in the 200 MeV to 2 GeV range [1], when coupled with the ABLA evaporation-fission code developed by K.-H. Schmidt [2]. These data include total reaction cross-section, particle multiplicities, double differential crosssections, residue mass spectrum, isotopic distributions and recoil energy spectra. It should be stressed that this agreement is achieved without adjustment of parameters in the INCL part. Even the stopping time of the cascade is determined self-consistently. We are currently involved in the extension of the INCL4 to make it useful for the study of radiation effects induced by cosmic rays concerning satellite and man-born space mission. For that purpose, we have re-examined the description of inelastic nucleon-nucleon collisions in the 2-20 GeV c.m. energy range. A new model incorporating multipion production without relying on resonances (except for the Delta (1232)resonance), but consistent with known pionemission pattern [3], will be presented. Furthermore, the description of target nuclei relevant for radioprotection issues (like C,O,N) and for material protection (Si) will be improved. The possibility of predicting accurately neutron emission, deposition of energy, radiotoxicity, number of dpa and gas formation with the help of the improved INCL4 are presently tested and will be reported on. [1] A. Boudard, J. Cugnon, S. Leray and C. Volant, Phys. Rev. C66 (2002)044615 [2] J.-J. Gaimard and K.-H. Schmidt, Nucl. Phys. A531(1991) 709 [3] Z. Chen, Int. J. Modern Phys. E, Vol.2 N.2 (1993)285

The effects of opt-out legislation on data collection and surveillance of birth defects by the New Hampshire Birth Conditions Program, New Hampshire, United States, 2007-2009.

PubMed

Gill, Simerpal; Miller, Stephanie; Broussard, Cheryl; Reefhuis, Jennita

2012-01-01

The New Hampshire Birth Conditions Program (NHBCP) is a population-based, active case ascertainment surveillance system that monitors the occurrence of 45 birth defects across the state. A 2008 law requires a new opt-out procedure whereby legal guardians can choose whether or not to have identifiable information retained in the NHBCP database. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of implementing this opt-out legislation on data collection and surveillance of birth defects by the NHBCP. Using surveillance data collected following implementation of the opt out legislation for the period January 1, 2007, through December 31, 2009, 2 opt-out groups were created: the identifiable information retained (IIR) group, consisting of families who did not choose to opt out, and the de-identified information retained group (DIIR), consisting of those who either chose to opt out or were treated as opt-out birth defect cases because their opt-out package was undeliverable. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each group, and chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were used to compare the proportion of select sociodemographic and medical characteristics between the 2 opt-out groups. Of 776 infants, 120 (15.5%) fell into the DIIR group. Differences were observed by race/ethnicity (among non-Hispanic whites, 15% were in the DIIR group and among Hispanics, 33% were in the DIIR group; p=0.01) and by maternal age (among women 30-34 years of age, 11% were in the DIIR group, and among those 25 years of age or younger, 22% were in the DIIR group; p=0.05). Birth outcomes, payer source, county of residence, and common birth defect diagnoses did not differ between the opt-out groups. This study demonstrated that there were significant differences in race/ethnicity and maternal age between parents who had de-identified information included in the NHBCP compared with those who did not choose to opt out. Although the surveillance of birth defects is not affected, the opportunities for certain types of research will be limited.

Practical application of opt-out recruitment methods in two health services research studies.

PubMed

Miller, Christopher J; Burgess, James F; Fischer, Ellen P; Hodges, Deborah J; Belanger, Lindsay K; Lipschitz, Jessica M; Easley, Siena R; Koenig, Christopher J; Stanley, Regina L; Pyne, Jeffrey M

2017-04-14

Participant recruitment is an ongoing challenge in health research. Recruitment may be especially difficult for studies of access to health care because, even among those who are in care, people using services least often also may be hardest to contact and recruit. Opt-out recruitment methods (in which potential participants are given the opportunity to decline further contact about the study (opt out) following an initial mailing, and are then contacted directly if they have not opted out within a specified period) can be used for such studies. However, there is a dearth of literature on the effort needed for effective opt-out recruitment. In this paper we describe opt-out recruitment procedures for two studies on access to health care within the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. We report resource requirements for recruitment efforts (number of opt-out packets mailed and number of phone calls made). We also compare the characteristics of study participants to potential participants via t-tests, Fisher's exact tests, and chi-squared tests. Recruitment rates for our two studies were 12 and 21%, respectively. Across multiple study sites, we had to send between 4.3 and 9.2 opt-out packets to recruit one participant. The number of phone calls required to arrive at a final status for each potentially eligible Veteran (i.e. study participation or the termination of recruitment efforts) were 2.9 and 6.1 in the two studies, respectively. Study participants differed as expected from the population of potentially eligible Veterans based on planned oversampling of certain subpopulations. The final samples of participants did not differ statistically from those who were mailed opt-out packets, with one exception: in one of our two studies, participants had higher rates of mental health service use in the past year than did those mailed opt-out packets (64 vs. 47%). Our results emphasize the practicality of using opt-out methods for studies of access to health care. Despite the benefits of these methods, opt-out alone may be insufficient to eliminate non-response bias on key variables. Researchers will need to balance considerations of sample representativeness and feasibility when designing studies investigating access to care.

Quantum-Like Model for Decision Making Process in Two Players Game. A Non-Kolmogorovian Model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Asano, Masanari; Ohya, Masanori; Khrennikov, Andrei

2011-03-01

In experiments of games, players frequently make choices which are regarded as irrational in game theory. In papers of Khrennikov (Information Dynamics in Cognitive, Psychological and Anomalous Phenomena. Fundamental Theories of Physics, Kluwer Academic, Norwell, 2004; Fuzzy Sets Syst. 155:4-17, 2005; Biosystems 84:225-241, 2006; Found. Phys. 35(10):1655-1693, 2005; in QP-PQ Quantum Probability and White Noise Analysis, vol. XXIV, pp. 105-117, 2009), it was pointed out that statistics collected in such the experiments have "quantum-like" properties, which can not be explained in classical probability theory. In this paper, we design a simple quantum-like model describing a decision-making process in a two-players game and try to explain a mechanism of the irrational behavior of players. Finally we discuss a mathematical frame of non-Kolmogorovian system in terms of liftings (Accardi and Ohya, in Appl. Math. Optim. 39:33-59, 1999).

Charged particle dynamics in multiple colliding electromagnetic waves. Survey of random walk, Lévy flights, limit circles, attractors and structurally determinate patterns

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bulanov, S. V.; Esirkepov, T. Zh.; Koga, J. K.; Bulanov, S. S.; Gong, Z.; Yan, X. Q.; Kando, M.

2017-04-01

The multiple colliding laser pulse concept formulated by Bulanov et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 104, 2010b, 220404) is beneficial for achieving an extremely high amplitude of coherent electromagnetic field. Since the topology of electric and magnetic fields of multiple colliding laser pulses oscillating in time is far from trivial and the radiation friction effects are significant in the high field limit, the dynamics of charged particles interacting with the multiple colliding laser pulses demonstrates remarkable features corresponding to random walk trajectories, limit circles, attractors, regular patterns and Lévy flights. Under extremely high intensity conditions the nonlinear dissipation mechanism stabilizes the particle motion resulting in the charged particle trajectory being located within narrow regions and in the occurrence of a new class of regular patterns made by the particle ensembles.

Charged particle dynamics in multiple colliding electromagnetic waves. Survey of random walk, Lévy flights, limit circles, attractors and structurally determinate patterns

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bulanov, S. V.; Esirkepov, T. Zh.; Koga, J. K.

The multiple colliding laser pulse concept formulated by Bulanovet al.(Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 104, 2010b, 220404) is beneficial for achieving an extremely high amplitude of coherent electromagnetic field. Since the topology of electric and magnetic fields of multiple colliding laser pulses oscillating in time is far from trivial and the radiation friction effects are significant in the high field limit, the dynamics of charged particles interacting with the multiple colliding laser pulses demonstrates remarkable features corresponding to random walk trajectories, limit circles, attractors, regular patterns and Lévy flights. Lastly, under extremely high intensity conditions the nonlinear dissipation mechanism stabilizes the particle motionmore » resulting in the charged particle trajectory being located within narrow regions and in the occurrence of a new class of regular patterns made by the particle ensembles.« less

Charged particle dynamics in multiple colliding electromagnetic waves. Survey of random walk, Lévy flights, limit circles, attractors and structurally determinate patterns

DOE PAGES

Bulanov, S. V.; Esirkepov, T. Zh.; Koga, J. K.; ...

2017-03-09

The multiple colliding laser pulse concept formulated by Bulanovet al.(Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 104, 2010b, 220404) is beneficial for achieving an extremely high amplitude of coherent electromagnetic field. Since the topology of electric and magnetic fields of multiple colliding laser pulses oscillating in time is far from trivial and the radiation friction effects are significant in the high field limit, the dynamics of charged particles interacting with the multiple colliding laser pulses demonstrates remarkable features corresponding to random walk trajectories, limit circles, attractors, regular patterns and Lévy flights. Lastly, under extremely high intensity conditions the nonlinear dissipation mechanism stabilizes the particle motionmore » resulting in the charged particle trajectory being located within narrow regions and in the occurrence of a new class of regular patterns made by the particle ensembles.« less

Impurity transport and bulk ion flow in a mixed collisionality stellarator plasma

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Newton, S. L.; Helander, P.; Mollén, A.; Smith, H. M.

2017-10-01

The accumulation of impurities in the core of magnetically confined plasmas, resulting from standard collisional transport mechanisms, is a known threat to their performance as fusion energy sources. Whilst the axisymmetric tokamak systems have been shown to benefit from the effect of temperature screening, that is an outward flux of impurities driven by the temperature gradient, impurity accumulation in stellarators was thought to be inevitable, driven robustly by the inward pointing electric field characteristic of hot fusion plasmas. We have shown in Helander et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 118, 2017a, 155002) that such screening can in principle also appear in stellarators, in the experimentally relevant mixed collisionality regime, where a highly collisional impurity species is present in a low collisionality bulk plasma. Details of the analytic calculation are presented here, along with the effect of the impurity on the bulk ion flow, which will ultimately affect the bulk contribution to the bootstrap current.

American Telemedicine Association

MedlinePlus

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The impact of direct and extra billing for medical services: evidence from a natural experiment in British Columbia.

PubMed

Epp, M J; Vining, A R; Collins-Dodd, C; Love, E

2000-09-01

This paper examines the impact of direct and extra billing on patient demand for medical services as well as physicians' responses to changing patient demand. These issues are examined in the context of a "natural experiment" in British Columbia, Canada where, in 1992, 81 general practitioners and specialists "opted-out" of the provincial Medical Services Plan (MSP) and began direct and extra billing their patients. These opted-out physicians are compared to a matched sample of physicians who remained within the MSP. Switching costs for patients were relatively low because of the availability of non-direct/extra billing physicians. The data consists of the more than 140,000 patient visit claims over a 2-year time period, one year immediately prior to the opting-out date and one year immediately following. The results of this study show that, on average, female visits to opted-out general practitioners (GPs) dropped approx. 9% after direct/extra billing. There was no concurrent drop for male patient visits. On average, patient visits to opted-out specialists dropped approx. 6%. Within the observed timeframe, opted-out physicians' billing patterns changed; somewhat offsetting this demand decrease. On average, opted-out GPs' payments per remaining patient increased by 10% following direct/extra billing (the post period), while opted-out specialists' payments per patient increased by 7%. There were no corresponding changes in payments per patient for the control group of physicians who remained opted-in.

Evaluation of Mycology Laboratory Proficiency Testing

PubMed Central

Reilly, Andrew A.; Salkin, Ira F.; McGinnis, Michael R.; Gromadzki, Sally; Pasarell, Lester; Kemna, Maggi; Higgins, Nancy; Salfinger, Max

1999-01-01

Changes over the last decade in overt proficiency testing (OPT) regulations have been ostensibly directed at improving laboratory performance on patient samples. However, the overt (unblinded) format of the tests and regulatory penalties associated with incorrect values allow and encourage laboratorians to take extra precautions with OPT analytes. As a result OPT may measure optimal laboratory performance instead of the intended target of typical performance attained during routine patient testing. This study addresses this issue by evaluating medical mycology OPT and comparing its fungal specimen identification error rates to those obtained in a covert (blinded) proficiency testing (CPT) program. Identifications from 188 laboratories participating in the New York State mycology OPT from 1982 to 1994 were compared with the identifications of the same fungi recovered from patient specimens in 1989 and 1994 as part of the routine procedures of 88 of these laboratories. The consistency in the identification of OPT specimens was sufficient to make accurate predictions of OPT error rates. However, while the error rates in OPT and CPT were similar for Candida albicans, significantly higher error rates were found in CPT for Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata, and other common pathogenic fungi. These differences may, in part, be due to OPT’s use of ideal organism representatives cultured under optimum growth conditions. This difference, as well as the organism-dependent error rate differences, reflects the limitations of OPT as a means of assessing the quality of routine laboratory performance in medical mycology. PMID:10364601

40 CFR Appendix A to Subpart IIIi... - States With Approved State Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units A Appendix A to Subpart IIII of Part...) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in... Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units 1. The following States have State...

40 CFR Appendix A to Subpart IIIi... - States With Approved State Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units A Appendix A to Subpart IIII of Part...) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in... Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units 1. The following States have State...

40 CFR Appendix A to Subpart IIIi... - States With Approved State Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units A Appendix A to Subpart IIII of Part...) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in... Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units 1. The following States have State...

40 CFR Appendix A to Subpart IIIi... - States With Approved State Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units A Appendix A to Subpart IIII of Part...) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in... Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units 1. The following States have State...

40 CFR Appendix A to Subpart IIIi... - States With Approved State Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units A Appendix A to Subpart IIII of Part...) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in... Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units 1. The following States have State...

12 CFR Appendix C to Part 571 - Model Forms for Opt-Out Notices

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2014-01-01 2012-01-01 true Model Forms for Opt-Out Notices C Appendix C to... REPORTING Pt. 571, App. C Appendix C to Part 571—Model Forms for Opt-Out Notices a. Although use of the... comply with § 571.23(a)(2) of this part. C-1Model Form for Initial Opt-out Notice (Single-Affiliate...

12 CFR Appendix C to Part 571 - Model Forms for Opt-Out Notices

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Model Forms for Opt-Out Notices C Appendix C to... REPORTING Pt. 571, App. C Appendix C to Part 571—Model Forms for Opt-Out Notices a. Although use of the... comply with § 571.23(a)(2) of this part. C-1Model Form for Initial Opt-out Notice (Single-Affiliate...

12 CFR Appendix C to Part 717 - Model Forms for Opt-Out Notices

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Model Forms for Opt-Out Notices C Appendix C to... FAIR CREDIT REPORTING Pt. 717, App. C Appendix C to Part 717—Model Forms for Opt-Out Notices a... the treatment of opt-outs by joint consumers to comply with § 717.23(a)(2) of this part. C-1Model Form...

12 CFR Appendix C to Part 571 - Model Forms for Opt-Out Notices

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2013-01-01 2012-01-01 true Model Forms for Opt-Out Notices C Appendix C to... REPORTING Pt. 571, App. C Appendix C to Part 571—Model Forms for Opt-Out Notices a. Although use of the... comply with § 571.23(a)(2) of this part. C-1Model Form for Initial Opt-out Notice (Single-Affiliate...

12 CFR Appendix C to Part 41 - Model Forms for Opt-Out Notices

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Model Forms for Opt-Out Notices C Appendix C to... Pt. 41, App. C Appendix C to Part 41—Model Forms for Opt-Out Notices a. Although use of the model... comply with § 41.23(a)(2) of this part. C-1 Model Form for Initial Opt-out Notice (Single-Affiliate...

12 CFR Appendix C to Part 222 - Model Forms for Opt-Out Notices

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Model Forms for Opt-Out Notices C Appendix C to... SYSTEM FAIR CREDIT REPORTING (REGULATION V) Pt. 222, App. C Appendix C to Part 222—Model Forms for Opt... of opt-outs by joint consumers to comply with § 222.23(a)(2) of this part. C-1Model Form for Initial...

12 CFR Appendix C to Part 717 - Model Forms for Opt-Out Notices

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Model Forms for Opt-Out Notices C Appendix C to... FAIR CREDIT REPORTING Pt. 717, App. C Appendix C to Part 717—Model Forms for Opt-Out Notices a... the treatment of opt-outs by joint consumers to comply with § 717.23(a)(2) of this part. C-1Model Form...

12 CFR Appendix C to Part 41 - Model Forms for Opt-Out Notices

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Model Forms for Opt-Out Notices C Appendix C to... Pt. 41, App. C Appendix C to Part 41—Model Forms for Opt-Out Notices a. Although use of the model... comply with § 41.23(a)(2) of this part. C-1 Model Form for Initial Opt-out Notice (Single-Affiliate...

Continuous Monitoring of Photolysis Products by Thz Spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Omar, Abdelaziz; Cuisset, Arnaud; Mouret, Gaël; Hindle, Francis; Eliet, Sophie; Bocquet, Robin

2015-06-01

We demonstrate the potential of THz spectroscopy to monitor the real time evolution of the gas phase concentration of photolysis products and determine the kinetic reaction rate constant. In the primary work, we have chosen to examine the photolysis of formaldehyde (H_2CO). Exposure of H_2CO to a UVB light (250 to 360 nm) in a single pass of 135 cm length cell leads to decomposition via two mechanisms: the radical channel with production of HCO and the molecular channel with production of CO. A commercial THz source (frequency multiplication chain) operating in the range 600-900 GHz was used to detect and quantify the various chemical species as a function of time. Monitoring the concentrations of CO and H_2CO via rotational transitions, allowed the kinetic rate of H_2CO consummation to be obtained, and an estimation of the rate constants for both the molecular and radical photolysis mechanisms. We have modified our experimental setup to increase the sensitivity of the spectrometer and changed sample preparation protocol specifically to quantify the HCO concentration. Acetaldehyde was used as the precursor for photolysis by UVC resulting in the decompositon mechanism can be described by: CH_3CHO+hν→ CH_3 + HCO → CH_4 + CO Frequency modulation of the source and Zeeman modulation is used to achieve the high sensitivity required. Particular attention has been paid to the mercury photosensitization effect that allowed us to increase the HCO production enabling quantification of the monitored radical. We quantify the HCO radical and start a spectroscopic study of the line positions. H. M. Pickett and T. L. Boyd, Chem. Phys. Lett, Vol 58, 446-449, (1978) S. Eliet, A. Cuisset, M Guinet, F. Hindle, G. Mouret, R. Bocquet, and J. Demaison, Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy, Vol 279, 12-15 (2012). G. Mouret, M. Guinet, A. Cuisset, L. Croizé, S. Eliet, R. Bocquet and F. Hindle, Sensors Journal. IEEE, Vol 13, 133 - 138, (2013)

17 CFR 162.8 - Acceptable delivery methods of opt-out notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... COMMISSION PROTECTION OF CONSUMER INFORMATION UNDER THE FAIR CREDIT REPORTING ACT Business Affiliate Marketing Rules § 162.8 Acceptable delivery methods of opt-out notices. (a) In general. The opt-out notice...

17 CFR 162.8 - Acceptable delivery methods of opt-out notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... COMMISSION PROTECTION OF CONSUMER INFORMATION UNDER THE FAIR CREDIT REPORTING ACT Business Affiliate Marketing Rules § 162.8 Acceptable delivery methods of opt-out notices. (a) In general. The opt-out notice...

40 CFR 74.14 - Opt-in permit process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... combustion or process source withdraws its application, in order to re-apply, it must submit a new opt-in...) [Reserved] (d) Entry into Acid Rain Program—(1) Effective date. The effective date of the opt-in permit...

40 CFR Appendix A to Subpart III... - States With Approved State Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR SO2 Opt-In Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR SO2 Opt-In Units A Appendix A to Subpart III of Part 97 Protection... BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Opt-in Units Pt. 97, Subpt. III... Concerning CAIR SO2 Opt-In Units 1. The following States have State Implementation Plan revisions under § 51...

Patient choice in opt-in, active choice, and opt-out HIV screening: randomized clinical trial.

PubMed

Montoy, Juan Carlos C; Dow, William H; Kaplan, Beth C

2016-01-19

What is the effect of default test offers--opt-in, opt-out, and active choice--on the likelihood of acceptance of an HIV test among patients receiving care in an emergency department? This was a randomized clinical trial conducted in the emergency department of an urban teaching hospital and regional trauma center. Patients aged 13-64 years were randomized to opt-in, opt-out, and active choice HIV test offers. The primary outcome was HIV test acceptance percentage. The Denver Risk Score was used to categorize patients as being at low, intermediate, or high risk of HIV infection. 38.0% (611/1607) of patients in the opt-in testing group accepted an HIV test, compared with 51.3% (815/1628) in the active choice arm (difference 13.3%, 95% confidence interval 9.8% to 16.7%) and 65.9% (1031/1565) in the opt-out arm (difference 27.9%, 24.4% to 31.3%). Compared with active choice testing, opt-out testing led to a 14.6 (11.1 to 18.1) percentage point increase in test acceptance. Patients identified as being at intermediate and high risk were more likely to accept testing than were those at low risk in all arms (difference 6.4% (3.4% to 9.3%) for intermediate and 8.3% (3.3% to 13.4%) for high risk). The opt-out effect was significantly smaller among those reporting high risk behaviors, but the active choice effect did not significantly vary by level of reported risk behavior. Patients consented to inclusion in the study after being offered an HIV test, and inclusion varied slightly by treatment assignment. The study took place at a single county hospital in a city that is somewhat unique with respect to HIV testing; although the test acceptance percentages themselves might vary, a different pattern for opt-in versus active choice versus opt-out test schemes would not be expected. Active choice is a distinct test regimen, with test acceptance patterns that may best approximate patients' true preferences. Opt-out regimens can substantially increase HIV testing, and opt-in schemes may reduce testing, compared with active choice testing. This study was supported by grant NIA 1RC4AG039078 from the National Institute on Aging. The full dataset is available from the corresponding author. Consent for data sharing was not obtained, but the data are anonymized and risk of identification is low.Trial registration Clinical trials NCT01377857. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

Patient choice in opt-in, active choice, and opt-out HIV screening: randomized clinical trial

PubMed Central

Dow, William H; Kaplan, Beth C

2016-01-01

Study question What is the effect of default test offers—opt-in, opt-out, and active choice—on the likelihood of acceptance of an HIV test among patients receiving care in an emergency department? Methods This was a randomized clinical trial conducted in the emergency department of an urban teaching hospital and regional trauma center. Patients aged 13-64 years were randomized to opt-in, opt-out, and active choice HIV test offers. The primary outcome was HIV test acceptance percentage. The Denver Risk Score was used to categorize patients as being at low, intermediate, or high risk of HIV infection. Study answer and limitations 38.0% (611/1607) of patients in the opt-in testing group accepted an HIV test, compared with 51.3% (815/1628) in the active choice arm (difference 13.3%, 95% confidence interval 9.8% to 16.7%) and 65.9% (1031/1565) in the opt-out arm (difference 27.9%, 24.4% to 31.3%). Compared with active choice testing, opt-out testing led to a 14.6 (11.1 to 18.1) percentage point increase in test acceptance. Patients identified as being at intermediate and high risk were more likely to accept testing than were those at low risk in all arms (difference 6.4% (3.4% to 9.3%) for intermediate and 8.3% (3.3% to 13.4%) for high risk). The opt-out effect was significantly smaller among those reporting high risk behaviors, but the active choice effect did not significantly vary by level of reported risk behavior. Patients consented to inclusion in the study after being offered an HIV test, and inclusion varied slightly by treatment assignment. The study took place at a single county hospital in a city that is somewhat unique with respect to HIV testing; although the test acceptance percentages themselves might vary, a different pattern for opt-in versus active choice versus opt-out test schemes would not be expected. What this paper adds Active choice is a distinct test regimen, with test acceptance patterns that may best approximate patients’ true preferences. Opt-out regimens can substantially increase HIV testing, and opt-in schemes may reduce testing, compared with active choice testing. Funding, competing interests, data sharing This study was supported by grant NIA 1RC4AG039078 from the National Institute on Aging. The full dataset is available from the corresponding author. Consent for data sharing was not obtained, but the data are anonymized and risk of identification is low. Trial registration Clinical trials NCT01377857. PMID:26786744

Comparing simulation of plasma turbulence with experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ross, David W.; Bravenec, Ronald V.; Dorland, William; Beer, Michael A.; Hammett, G. W.; McKee, George R.; Fonck, Raymond J.; Murakami, Masanori; Burrell, Keith H.; Jackson, Gary L.; Staebler, Gary M.

2002-01-01

The direct quantitative correspondence between theoretical predictions and the measured plasma fluctuations and transport is tested by performing nonlinear gyro-Landau-fluid simulations with the GRYFFIN (or ITG) code [W. Dorland and G. W. Hammett, Phys. Fluids B 5, 812 (1993); M. A. Beer and G. W. Hammett, Phys. Plasmas 3, 4046 (1996)]. In an L-mode reference discharge in the DIII-D tokamak [J. L. Luxon and L. G. Davis, Fusion Technol. 8, 441 (1985)], which has relatively large fluctuations and transport, the turbulence is dominated by ion temperature gradient (ITG) modes. Trapped electron modes and impurity drift waves also play a role. Density fluctuations are measured by beam emission spectroscopy [R. J. Fonck, P. A. Duperrex, and S. F. Paul, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 61, 3487 (1990)]. Experimental fluxes and corresponding diffusivities are analyzed by the TRANSP code [R. J. Hawryluk, in Physics of Plasmas Close to Thermonuclear Conditions, edited by B. Coppi, G. G. Leotta, D. Pfirsch, R. Pozzoli, and E. Sindoni (Pergamon, Oxford, 1980), Vol. 1, p. 19]. The shape of the simulated wave number spectrum is close to the measured one. The simulated ion thermal transport, corrected for E×B low shear, exceeds the experimental value by a factor of 1.5 to 2.0. The simulation overestimates the density fluctuation level by an even larger factor. On the other hand, the simulation underestimates the electron thermal transport, which may be accounted for by modes that are not accessible to the simulation or to the BES measurement.

A variational approach to multi-phase motion of gas, liquid and solid based on the level set method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yokoi, Kensuke

2009-07-01

We propose a simple and robust numerical algorithm to deal with multi-phase motion of gas, liquid and solid based on the level set method [S. Osher, J.A. Sethian, Front propagating with curvature-dependent speed: Algorithms based on Hamilton-Jacobi formulation, J. Comput. Phys. 79 (1988) 12; M. Sussman, P. Smereka, S. Osher, A level set approach for capturing solution to incompressible two-phase flow, J. Comput. Phys. 114 (1994) 146; J.A. Sethian, Level Set Methods and Fast Marching Methods, Cambridge University Press, 1999; S. Osher, R. Fedkiw, Level Set Methods and Dynamics Implicit Surface, Applied Mathematical Sciences, vol. 153, Springer, 2003]. In Eulerian framework, to simulate interaction between a moving solid object and an interfacial flow, we need to define at least two functions (level set functions) to distinguish three materials. In such simulations, in general two functions overlap and/or disagree due to numerical errors such as numerical diffusion. In this paper, we resolved the problem using the idea of the active contour model [M. Kass, A. Witkin, D. Terzopoulos, Snakes: active contour models, International Journal of Computer Vision 1 (1988) 321; V. Caselles, R. Kimmel, G. Sapiro, Geodesic active contours, International Journal of Computer Vision 22 (1997) 61; G. Sapiro, Geometric Partial Differential Equations and Image Analysis, Cambridge University Press, 2001; R. Kimmel, Numerical Geometry of Images: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications, Springer-Verlag, 2003] introduced in the field of image processing.

[Preparation of ondansetron hydrochloride osmotic pump tablets and their in vitro drug release].

PubMed

Zheng, Hang-sheng; Bi, Dian-zhou

2005-12-01

To prepare ondansetron hydrochloride osmotic pump tablets (OND-OPT) and investigate their in vitro drug release behavior. OND-OPT were prepared with a single punch press and pan coating technique. Osmotic active agents and plasticizer of coating film were chosen by drug release tests. The effects of the number, position and direction of drug release orifice on release behavior were investigated. The relation between drug release duration and thickness of coating film, PEG content of coating film and size of drug release orifice was established by uniform design experiment. The surface morphological change of coating film before and after drug release test was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The osmotic pumping release mechanism of OND-OPT was confirmed by drug release test with high osmotic pressure medium. Lactose-mannitol (1:2) was chosen as osmotic active agents and PEG400 as plasticizer of coating film. The direction of drug release orifice had great effect on the drug release of OND-OPT without HPMC, and had no effect on the drug release of OND-OPT with HPMC. The OND-OPT with one drug release orifice at the centre of the coating film on one surface of tablet released their drug with little fluctuation. The drug release duration of OND-OPT correlated with thickness of coating film and PEG content of coating film, and didn't correlate significantly with the size of drug release orifice. OND-OPT released their drug with osmotic pumping mechanism predominantly. OND-OPT are able to realize ideal controlled drug release.

Rarefaction-driven Rayleigh–Taylor instability. Part 2. Experiments and simulations in the nonlinear regime

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Morgan, R. V.; Cabot, W. H.; Greenough, J. A.

Experiments and large eddy simulation (LES) were performed to study the development of the Rayleigh–Taylor instability into the saturated, nonlinear regime, produced between two gases accelerated by a rarefaction wave. Single-mode two-dimensional, and single-mode three-dimensional initial perturbations were introduced on the diffuse interface between the two gases prior to acceleration. The rarefaction wave imparts a non-constant acceleration, and a time decreasing Atwood number,more » $$A=(\\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{2}-\\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{1})/(\\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{2}+\\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{1})$$, where$$\\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{2}$$and$$\\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{1}$$are the densities of the heavy and light gas, respectively. Experiments and simulations are presented for initial Atwood numbers of$A=0.49$$,$$A=0.63$$,$$A=0.82$$and$$A=0.94$$. Nominally two-dimensional (2-D) experiments (initiated with nearly 2-D perturbations) and 2-D simulations are observed to approach an intermediate-time velocity plateau that is in disagreement with the late-time velocity obtained from the incompressible model of Goncharov (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 88, 2002, 134502). Reacceleration from an intermediate velocity is observed for 2-D bubbles in large wavenumber,$$k=2\\unicode[STIX]{x03C0}/\\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}=0.247~\\text{mm}^{-1}$$, experiments and simulations, where$$\\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$is the wavelength of the initial perturbation. At moderate Atwood numbers, the bubble and spike velocities approach larger values than those predicted by Goncharov’s model. These late-time velocity trends are predicted well by numerical simulations using the LLNL Miranda code, and by the 2009 model of Mikaelian (Phys. Fluids., vol. 21, 2009, 024103) that extends Layzer type models to variable acceleration and density. Large Atwood number experiments show a delayed roll up, and exhibit a free-fall like behaviour. Finally, experiments initiated with three-dimensional perturbations tend to agree better with models and a simulation using the LLNL Ares code initiated with an axisymmetric rather than Cartesian symmetry.« less

Rarefaction-driven Rayleigh–Taylor instability. Part 2. Experiments and simulations in the nonlinear regime

DOE PAGES

Morgan, R. V.; Cabot, W. H.; Greenough, J. A.; ...

2018-01-12

Experiments and large eddy simulation (LES) were performed to study the development of the Rayleigh–Taylor instability into the saturated, nonlinear regime, produced between two gases accelerated by a rarefaction wave. Single-mode two-dimensional, and single-mode three-dimensional initial perturbations were introduced on the diffuse interface between the two gases prior to acceleration. The rarefaction wave imparts a non-constant acceleration, and a time decreasing Atwood number,more » $$A=(\\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{2}-\\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{1})/(\\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{2}+\\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{1})$$, where$$\\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{2}$$and$$\\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{1}$$are the densities of the heavy and light gas, respectively. Experiments and simulations are presented for initial Atwood numbers of$A=0.49$$,$$A=0.63$$,$$A=0.82$$and$$A=0.94$$. Nominally two-dimensional (2-D) experiments (initiated with nearly 2-D perturbations) and 2-D simulations are observed to approach an intermediate-time velocity plateau that is in disagreement with the late-time velocity obtained from the incompressible model of Goncharov (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 88, 2002, 134502). Reacceleration from an intermediate velocity is observed for 2-D bubbles in large wavenumber,$$k=2\\unicode[STIX]{x03C0}/\\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}=0.247~\\text{mm}^{-1}$$, experiments and simulations, where$$\\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}$is the wavelength of the initial perturbation. At moderate Atwood numbers, the bubble and spike velocities approach larger values than those predicted by Goncharov’s model. These late-time velocity trends are predicted well by numerical simulations using the LLNL Miranda code, and by the 2009 model of Mikaelian (Phys. Fluids., vol. 21, 2009, 024103) that extends Layzer type models to variable acceleration and density. Large Atwood number experiments show a delayed roll up, and exhibit a free-fall like behaviour. Finally, experiments initiated with three-dimensional perturbations tend to agree better with models and a simulation using the LLNL Ares code initiated with an axisymmetric rather than Cartesian symmetry.« less

A Compendium of Position Papers from the Workshop on Architectures for Free Space Digital Optical Computing Held in Vail, Colorado on 28-30 January 1991

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-11-24

Opt. 25, 3078 (1986). [4] P. S. Guilfoyle and W. I. Wiley, AppL Opt. 27, 1661 (1987). (51 Y. Li, A. Kostrzewski, D. H. Kim, and G. Eichmann , Opt. Lett...13, 895 (1988). (61 M. J. Murdocca, Ph.D. thesis (State University of New Jersey, 1988). [7] Y. Li, D. H. Kim, A. Kostrzewski, and G. Eichmann , Opt

On the direct detection of gravitational waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pustovoit, V. I.

2016-10-01

Different types of gravitational wave (GW) detectors are considered. It is noted that interferometric techniques offer the greatest prospects for GW registration due to their high sensitivity and extremely wide frequency band. Using laser interferometers, proposed as far back as 1962 in the work by M E Gertsenshtein and V I Pustovoit published in Russian (Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz., vol. 43, p. 605, 1962) and in English translation (Sov. Phys. JETP, vol. 16, p. 433, 1963), it proved possible for the first time to directly detect GW emission from a merger of two black holes. It is noted that the assertion that Gertsen-shtein-Pustovoit's work was unknown to some of those experts involved in direct GW detection is inconsistent with reality. The problems of high-power laser radiation affecting the electrostatic polarization of free-mass mirrors are discussed. It is shown that mirror polarization can lead to additional links with electrically conducting elements of the design resulting in the interferometer's reduced sensitivity. Some new prospects for developing high reflection structures are discussed and heat extraction problems are considered. This article is the revised and extended version of the report “On the first direct detection of gravitational waves” delivered by V I Pustovoit at the Scientific Session of the Physical Sciences Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences (March 2, 2016). All other reports presented at the session were published in the preceding issue of Physics-Uspekhi (September 2016) (see Refs [108, 111-113]). (Editorial note)

Extension of Stay of the RFG Program: parts of NY, PA, and ME

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA is extending the previous temporary stay of the reformulated gasoline program requirements in nine opt in counties in New York, in twenty-eight opt-in counties in Pennsylvania and in two opt-in counties in Maine.

Noise-Immune Cavity-Enhanced Optical Frequency Comb Spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rutkowski, Lucile; Khodabakhsh, Amir; Johanssson, Alexandra C.; Foltynowicz, Aleksandra

2015-06-01

We present noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical frequency comb spectroscopy (NICE-OFCS), a recently developed technique for sensitive, broadband, and high resolution spectroscopy. In NICE-OFCS an optical frequency comb (OFC) is locked to a high finesse cavity and phase-modulated at a frequency precisely equal to (a multiple of) the cavity free spectral range. Since each comb line and sideband is transmitted through a separate cavity mode in exactly the same way, any residual frequency noise on the OFC relative to the cavity affects each component in an identical manner. The transmitted intensity contains a beat signal at the modulation frequency that is immune to frequency-to-amplitude noise conversion by the cavity, in a way similar to continuous wave noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectroscopy (NICE-OHMS). The light transmitted through the cavity is detected with a fast-scanning Fourier-transform spectrometer (FTS) and the NICE-OFCS signal is obtained by fast Fourier transform of the synchronously demodulated interferogram. Our NICE-OFCS system is based on an Er:fiber femtosecond laser locked to a cavity with a finesse of ˜9000 and a fast-scanning FTS equipped with a high-bandwidth commercial detector. We measured NICE-OFCS signals from the 3νb{1}+νb{3} overtone band of CO_2 around 1.57 μm and achieved absorption sensitivity 6.4×10-11cm-1 Hz-1/2 per spectral element, corresponding to a minimum detectable CO_2 concentration of 25 ppb after 330 s integration time. We will describe the principles of the technique and its technical implementation, and discuss the spectral lineshapes of the NICE-OFCS signals. A. Khodabakhsh, C. Abd Alrahman, and A. Foltynowicz, Opt. Lett. 39, 5034-5037 (2014). J. Ye, L. S. Ma, and J. L. Hall, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 15, 6-15 (1998). A. Khodabakhsh, A. C. Johansson, and A. Foltynowicz, Appl. Phys. B (2015) doi:10.1007/s00340-015-6010-7.

Diffuse reflectance relations based on diffusion dipole theory for large absorption and reduced scattering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bremmer, Rolf H.; van Gemert, Martin J. C.; Faber, Dirk J.; van Leeuwen, Ton G.; Aalders, Maurice C. G.

2013-08-01

Diffuse reflectance spectra are used to determine the optical properties of biological samples. In medicine and forensic science, the turbid objects under study often possess large absorption and/or scattering properties. However, data analysis is frequently based on the diffusion approximation to the radiative transfer equation, implying that it is limited to tissues where the reduced scattering coefficient dominates over the absorption coefficient. Nevertheless, up to absorption coefficients of 20 m at reduced scattering coefficients of 1 and 11.5 mm-1, we observed excellent agreement (r2=0.994) between reflectance measurements of phantoms and the diffuse reflectance equation proposed by Zonios et al. [Appl. Opt. 38, 6628-6637 (1999)], derived as an approximation to one of the diffusion dipole equations of Farrell et al. [Med. Phys. 19, 879-888 (1992)]. However, two parameters were fitted to all phantom experiments, including strongly absorbing samples, implying that the reflectance equation differs from diffusion theory. Yet, the exact diffusion dipole approximation at high reduced scattering and absorption also showed agreement with the phantom measurements. The mathematical structure of the diffuse reflectance relation used, derived by Zonios et al. [Appl. Opt. 38, 6628-6637 (1999)], explains this observation. In conclusion, diffuse reflectance relations derived as an approximation to the diffusion dipole theory of Farrell et al. can analyze reflectance ratios accurately, even for much larger absorption than reduced scattering coefficients. This allows calibration of fiber-probe set-ups so that the object's diffuse reflectance can be related to its absorption even when large. These findings will greatly expand the application of diffuse reflection spectroscopy. In medicine, it may allow the use of blue/green wavelengths and measurements on whole blood, and in forensic science, it may allow inclusion of objects such as blood stains and cloth at crime scenes.

Glutathione Utilization by Candida albicans Requires a Functional Glutathione Degradation (DUG) Pathway and OPT7, an Unusual Member of the Oligopeptide Transporter Family

PubMed Central

Desai, Prashant Ramesh; Thakur, Anil; Ganguli, Dwaipayan; Paul, Sanjoy; Morschhäuser, Joachim; Bachhawat, Anand K.

2011-01-01

Candida albicans lacks the ability to survive within its mammalian host in the absence of endogenous glutathione biosynthesis. To examine the ability of this yeast to utilize exogenous glutathione, we exploited the organic sulfur auxotrophy of C. albicans met15Δ strains. We observed that glutathione is utilized efficiently by the alternative pathway of glutathione degradation (DUG pathway). The major oligopeptide transporters OPT1–OPT5 of C. albicans that were most similar to the known yeast glutathione transporters were not found to contribute to glutathione transport to any significant extent. A genomic library approach to identify the glutathione transporter of C. albicans yielded OPT7 as the primary glutathione transporter. Biochemical studies on OPT7 using radiolabeled GSH uptake revealed a Km of 205 μm, indicating that it was a high affinity glutathione transporter. OPT7 is unusual in several aspects. It is the most remote member to known yeast glutathione transporters, lacks the two highly conserved cysteines in the family that are known to be crucial in trafficking, and also has the ability to take up tripeptides. The transporter was regulated by sulfur sources in the medium. OPT7 orthologues were prevalent among many pathogenic yeasts and fungi and formed a distinct cluster quite remote from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae HGT1 glutathione transporter cluster. In vivo experiments using a systemic model of candidiasis failed to detect expression of OPT7 in vivo, and strains disrupted either in the degradation (dug3Δ) or transport (opt7Δ) of glutathione failed to show a defect in virulence. PMID:21994941

Dissenting from care.data: an analysis of opt-out forms.

PubMed

Vezyridis, Paraskevas; Timmons, Stephen

2016-12-01

Care.data was a programme of work led by NHS England for the extraction of patient-identifiable and coded information from general practitioner (GP) records for secondary uses. This study analyses the forms (on the websites of GP practices) which enabled patients to opt out. Theoretical sampling and summative content analysis were used to collect and analyse dissent forms used by patients to opt out from care. Domains included basic information about the programme, types of objections and personal details required for identification purposes. One hundred opt-out forms were analysed. Fifty-four forms mentioned that this programme was run by NHS England. 81 forms provided two types of objections to data-sharing, and 15 provided only one objection. Only 26 forms mentioned that direct care would not be affected and 32 that patients maintain their right to opt back anytime. All but one of the opt-out forms we reviewed requested the name of the person wishing to opt out. 94 required a date of birth and 33 an NHS number. 82 required an address, 42 a telephone number and 7 an email address. Numbers of patients (not) opting out should be treated with caution, because the variability of information provided and the varied options for dissent may have caused confusion among patients. To ensure that dissent is in accordance with individual preferences and moral values, we recommend that well-designed information material and standardised opt-out forms be developed for such data-sharing initiatives. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

A Brief Review of OPT101 Sensor Application in Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Instrumentation for Intensive Care Unit Clinics

PubMed Central

Li, Ting; Zhong, Fulin; Pan, Boan; Li, Zebin; Huang, Chong; Deng, Zishan

2017-01-01

The optoelectronic sensor OPT101 have merits in advanced optoelectronic response characteristics at wavelength range for medical near-infrared spectroscopy and small-size chip design with build-in trans-impedance amplifier. Our lab is devoted to developing a series of portable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) devices embedded with OPT101 for applications in intensive care unit clinics, based on NIRS principle. Here we review the characteristics and advantages of OPT101 relative to clinical NIRS instrumentation, and the most recent achievements, including early-diagnosis and therapeutic effect evaluation of thrombus, noninvasive monitoring of patients' shock severity, and fatigue evaluation. The future prospect on OPT101 improvements in noninvasive clinical applications is also discussed. PMID:28757564

48 CFR 436.579 - Opted timber sale road requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Sale Road Requirements, in road construction contracts resulting from a timber sale turnback. ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Opted timber sale road... CATEGORIES OF CONTRACTING CONSTRUCTION AND ARCHITECT-ENGINEER CONTRACTS Contract Clauses 436.579 Opted timber...

Relationships between cerebral autoregulation and markers of kidney and liver injury in neonatal encephalopathy and therapeutic hypothermia.

PubMed

Lee, J K; Perin, J; Parkinson, C; O'Connor, M; Gilmore, M M; Reyes, M; Armstrong, J; Jennings, J M; Northington, F J; Chavez-Valdez, R

2017-08-01

We studied whether cerebral blood pressure autoregulation and kidney and liver injuries are associated in neonatal encephalopathy (NE). We monitored autoregulation of 75 newborns who received hypothermia for NE in the neonatal intensive care unit to identify the mean arterial blood pressure with optimized autoregulation (MAP OPT ). Autoregulation parameters and creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were analyzed using adjusted regression models. Greater time with blood pressure within MAP OPT during hypothermia was associated with lower creatinine in girls. Blood pressure below MAP OPT related to higher ALT and AST during normothermia in all neonates and boys. The opposite occurred in rewarming when more time with blood pressure above MAP OPT related to higher AST. Blood pressures that optimize cerebral autoregulation may support the kidneys. Blood pressures below MAP OPT and liver injury during normothermia are associated. The relationship between MAP OPT and AST during rewarming requires further study.

Computational screening of high-performance optoelectronic materials using OptB88vdW and TB-mBJ formalisms.

PubMed

Choudhary, Kamal; Zhang, Qin; Reid, Andrew C E; Chowdhury, Sugata; Van Nguyen, Nhan; Trautt, Zachary; Newrock, Marcus W; Congo, Faical Yannick; Tavazza, Francesca

2018-05-08

We perform high-throughput density functional theory (DFT) calculations for optoelectronic properties (electronic bandgap and frequency dependent dielectric function) using the OptB88vdW functional (OPT) and the Tran-Blaha modified Becke Johnson potential (MBJ). This data is distributed publicly through JARVIS-DFT database. We used this data to evaluate the differences between these two formalisms and quantify their accuracy, comparing to experimental data whenever applicable. At present, we have 17,805 OPT and 7,358 MBJ bandgaps and dielectric functions. MBJ is found to predict better bandgaps and dielectric functions than OPT, so it can be used to improve the well-known bandgap problem of DFT in a relatively inexpensive way. The peak positions in dielectric functions obtained with OPT and MBJ are in comparable agreement with experiments. The data is available on our websites http://www.ctcms.nist.gov/~knc6/JVASP.html and https://jarvis.nist.gov.

Routine opt-out rapid HIV screening and detection of HIV infection in emergency department patients.

PubMed

Haukoos, Jason S; Hopkins, Emily; Conroy, Amy A; Silverman, Morgan; Byyny, Richard L; Eisert, Sheri; Thrun, Mark W; Wilson, Michael L; Hutchinson, Angela B; Forsyth, Jessica; Johnson, Steven C; Heffelfinger, James D

2010-07-21

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends routine (nontargeted) opt-out HIV screening in health care settings, including emergency departments (EDs), where the prevalence of undiagnosed infection is 0.1% or greater. The utility of this approach in EDs remains unknown. To determine whether nontargeted opt-out rapid HIV screening in the ED was associated with identification of more patients with newly diagnosed HIV infection than physician-directed diagnostic rapid HIV testing. Quasi-experimental equivalent time-samples design in an urban public safety-net hospital with an approximate annual ED census of 55,000 patient visits. Patients were 16 years or older and capable of providing consent for rapid HIV testing. Nontargeted opt-out rapid HIV screening and physician-directed diagnostic rapid HIV testing alternated in sequential 4-month time intervals between April 15, 2007, and April 15, 2009. Number of patients with newly identified HIV infection and the association between nontargeted opt-out rapid HIV screening and identification of HIV infection. In the opt-out phase, of 28,043 eligible ED patients, 6933 patients (25%) completed HIV testing (6702 patients were screened; 231 patients were diagnostically tested). Ten of 6702 patients (0.15%; 95% CI, 0.07%-0.27%) who did not decline HIV screening in the opt-out phase had new HIV diagnoses, and 5 of 231 patients (2.2%; 95% CI, 0.7%-5.0%) who were diagnostically tested during the opt-out phase had new HIV diagnoses. In the diagnostic phase, of 29,925 eligible patients, 243 (0.8%) completed HIV testing. Of these, 4 patients (1.6%; 95% CI, 0.5%-4.2%) had new diagnoses. The prevalence of new HIV diagnoses in the opt-out phase (including those diagnostically tested) and in the diagnostic phase was 15 in 28,043 (0.05%; 95% CI, 0.03%-0.09%) and 4 in 29,925 (0.01%; 95% CI, 0.004%-0.03%), respectively. Nontargeted opt-out HIV screening was independently associated with new HIV diagnoses (risk ratio, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.2-10.8) when adjusting for patient demographics, insurance status, and whether diagnostic testing was performed in the opt-out phase. The median CD4 cell count for those with new HIV diagnoses in the opt-out phase (including those diagnostically tested) and in the diagnostic phase was 69/microL (IQR, 17-430) and 13/microL (IQR, 11-15) , respectively (P = .02). Nontargeted opt-out rapid HIV screening in the ED, vs diagnostic testing, was associated with identification of a modestly increased number of patients with new HIV diagnoses, most of whom were identified late in the course of disease.

PubChem3D: conformer ensemble accuracy

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background PubChem is a free and publicly available resource containing substance descriptions and their associated biological activity information. PubChem3D is an extension to PubChem containing computationally-derived three-dimensional (3-D) structures of small molecules. All the tools and services that are a part of PubChem3D rely upon the quality of the 3-D conformer models. Construction of the conformer models currently available in PubChem3D involves a clustering stage to sample the conformational space spanned by the molecule. While this stage allows one to downsize the conformer models to more manageable size, it may result in a loss of the ability to reproduce experimentally determined “bioactive” conformations, for example, found for PDB ligands. This study examines the extent of this accuracy loss and considers its effect on the 3-D similarity analysis of molecules. Results The conformer models consisting of up to 100,000 conformers per compound were generated for 47,123 small molecules whose structures were experimentally determined, and the conformers in each conformer model were clustered to reduce the size of the conformer model to a maximum of 500 conformers per molecule. The accuracy of the conformer models before and after clustering was evaluated using five different measures: root-mean-square distance (RMSD), shape-optimized shape-Tanimoto (STST-opt) and combo-Tanimoto (ComboTST-opt), and color-optimized color-Tanimoto (CTCT-opt) and combo-Tanimoto (ComboTCT-opt). On average, the effect of clustering decreased the conformer model accuracy, increasing the conformer ensemble’s RMSD to the bioactive conformer (by 0.18 ± 0.12 Å), and decreasing the STST-opt, ComboTST-opt, CTCT-opt, and ComboTCT-opt scores (by 0.04 ± 0.03, 0.16 ± 0.09, 0.09 ± 0.05, and 0.15 ± 0.09, respectively). Conclusion This study shows the RMSD accuracy performance of the PubChem3D conformer models is operating as designed. In addition, the effect of PubChem3D sampling on 3-D similarity measures shows that there is a linear degradation of average accuracy with respect to molecular size and flexibility. Generally speaking, one can likely expect the worst-case minimum accuracy of 90% or more of the PubChem3D ensembles to be 0.75, 1.09, 0.43, and 1.13, in terms of STST-opt, ComboTST-opt, CTCT-opt, and ComboTCT-opt, respectively. This expected accuracy improves linearly as the molecule becomes smaller or less flexible. PMID:23289532

40 CFR 74.40 - Establishment of opt-in source allowance accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Establishment of opt-in source allowance accounts. 74.40 Section 74.40 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) SULFUR DIOXIDE OPT-INS Allowance Tracking and Transfer and End of Year...

76 FR 79307 - Fair Credit Reporting (Regulation V)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-21

.... Subpart B--[Reserved] Subpart C--Affiliate Marketing 1022.20 Coverage and definitions. 1022.21 Affiliate marketing opt-out and exceptions. 1022.22 Scope and duration of opt-out. 1022.23 Contents of opt-out notice... Prevention of deceptive marketing of free credit reports. Subpart O--Miscellaneous Duties of Consumer...

12 CFR 334.22 - Scope and duration of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... POLICY FAIR CREDIT REPORTING Affiliate Marketing § 334.22 Scope and duration of opt-out. (a) Scope of opt... relationship—(i) In general. If the consumer establishes a continuing relationship with you or your affiliate... continuing relationship or multiple continuing relationships that the consumer establishes with you or your...

12 CFR 40.7 - Form of opt out notice to consumers; opt out methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., if the consumer agrees, electronically. (2) When a customer relationship terminates, the customer's... during or related to that relationship. If the individual subsequently establishes a new customer... opt out notice in writing or, if the consumer agrees, electronically. (d) Joint relationships. (1) If...

17 CFR 160.7 - Form of opt out notice to consumers; opt out methods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... consumer agrees, electronically. (2) When a customer relationship terminates, the customer's opt out... that relationship. If the individual subsequently establishes a new customer relationship with you, the... relationships. (1) If two or more consumers jointly obtain a financial product or service from you, you may...

12 CFR 222.22 - Scope and duration of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... SYSTEM (CONTINUED) FAIR CREDIT REPORTING (REGULATION V) Affiliate Marketing § 222.22 Scope and duration... consumer's election to opt out prohibits any affiliate covered by the opt-out notice from using eligibility information received from another affiliate as described in the notice to make solicitations to the consumer...

12 CFR 222.22 - Scope and duration of opt-out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... SYSTEM (CONTINUED) FAIR CREDIT REPORTING (REGULATION V) Affiliate Marketing § 222.22 Scope and duration... consumer's election to opt out prohibits any affiliate covered by the opt-out notice from using eligibility information received from another affiliate as described in the notice to make solicitations to the consumer...

17 CFR 162.4 - Scope and duration of opt out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...) PROTECTION OF CONSUMER INFORMATION UNDER THE FAIR CREDIT REPORTING ACT Business Affiliate Marketing Rules... election to opt out prohibits any covered affiliate subject to the scope of the opt-out notice from using eligibility information received from another affiliate to make solicitations to the consumer. (2) Continuing...

17 CFR 162.4 - Scope and duration of opt out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... OF CONSUMER INFORMATION UNDER THE FAIR CREDIT REPORTING ACT Business Affiliate Marketing Rules § 162... election to opt out prohibits any covered affiliate subject to the scope of the opt-out notice from using eligibility information received from another affiliate to make solicitations to the consumer. (2) Continuing...

17 CFR 162.4 - Scope and duration of opt out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... OF CONSUMER INFORMATION UNDER THE FAIR CREDIT REPORTING ACT Business Affiliate Marketing Rules § 162... election to opt out prohibits any covered affiliate subject to the scope of the opt-out notice from using eligibility information received from another affiliate to make solicitations to the consumer. (2) Continuing...

Applications of Slow Light in Telecommunications

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-04-01

that the distortion of the transmitted waveform can be dramatically reduced by using frequency-flattened gain profiles [ Stenner et al.]. Time [ns...Express 13, 7872 (2005). >> K.Y. Song et al. Opt. Express 13, 83 (2005). >> M.D. Stenner et al. Opt. Express 13, 9995 (2005). >> X. Zhao et al. Opt

76 FR 79663 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-22

... Advertising, Market Research & Studies Recruiting Database (January 9, 2007, 72 FR 952). Changes... written Opt-Out requests to Joint Advertising, Marketing Research & Studies (JAMRS), ATTN: Opt-Out, Suite.... However, because opt-out screening is based, in part, on the current address of the individual, any change...

40 CFR 74.40 - Establishment of opt-in source allowance accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Establishment of opt-in source allowance accounts. 74.40 Section 74.40 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) SULFUR DIOXIDE OPT-INS Allowance Tracking and Transfer and End of Year...

40 CFR 74.50 - Deducting opt-in source allowances from ATS accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Deducting opt-in source allowances from ATS accounts. 74.50 Section 74.50 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) SULFUR DIOXIDE OPT-INS Allowance Tracking and Transfer and End of Year...

40 CFR 74.43 - Annual compliance certification report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... which an opt-in source is subject to the Acid Rain emissions limitations, the designated representative... compliance with the requirements of the Acid Rain Program applicable to the opt-in source, including: (1) Whether the opt-in source was operated in compliance with applicable Acid Rain emissions limitations...

40 CFR 74.43 - Annual compliance certification report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... which an opt-in source is subject to the Acid Rain emissions limitations, the designated representative... compliance with the requirements of the Acid Rain Program applicable to the opt-in source, including: (1) Whether the opt-in source was operated in compliance with applicable Acid Rain emissions limitations...

40 CFR 74.43 - Annual compliance certification report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... which an opt-in source is subject to the Acid Rain emissions limitations, the designated representative... compliance with the requirements of the Acid Rain Program applicable to the opt-in source, including: (1) Whether the opt-in source was operated in compliance with applicable Acid Rain emissions limitations...

40 CFR 74.43 - Annual compliance certification report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... which an opt-in source is subject to the Acid Rain emissions limitations, the designated representative... compliance with the requirements of the Acid Rain Program applicable to the opt-in source, including: (1) Whether the opt-in source was operated in compliance with applicable Acid Rain emissions limitations...

40 CFR 74.43 - Annual compliance certification report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... which an opt-in source is subject to the Acid Rain emissions limitations, the designated representative... compliance with the requirements of the Acid Rain Program applicable to the opt-in source, including: (1) Whether the opt-in source was operated in compliance with applicable Acid Rain emissions limitations...

75 FR 51266 - Reedsport OPT Wave Park, LLC; Notice of Settlement Agreement and Soliciting Comments

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-19

... 2, 2010. d. Applicant: Reedsport OPT Wave Park, LLC. e. Location: The proposed project would be... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Project No. 12713-002] Reedsport OPT Wave Park, LLC; Notice of Settlement Agreement and Soliciting Comments August 10, 2010. Take notice...

XtalOpt  version r9: An open-source evolutionary algorithm for crystal structure prediction

DOE PAGES

Falls, Zackary; Lonie, David C.; Avery, Patrick; ...

2015-10-23

This is a new version of XtalOpt, an evolutionary algorithm for crystal structure prediction available for download from the CPC library or the XtalOpt website, http://xtalopt.github.io. XtalOpt is published under the Gnu Public License (GPL), which is an open source license that is recognized by the Open Source Initiative. We have detailed the new version incorporates many bug-fixes and new features here and predict the crystal structure of a system from its stoichiometry alone, using evolutionary algorithms.

Sex-specific associations between cerebrovascular blood pressure autoregulation and cardiopulmonary injury in neonatal encephalopathy and therapeutic hypothermia.

PubMed

Chavez-Valdez, Raul; O'Connor, Matthew; Perin, Jamie; Reyes, Michael; Armstrong, Jillian; Parkinson, Charlamaine; Gilmore, Maureen; Jennings, Jacky; Northington, Frances J; Lee, Jennifer K

2017-05-01

Cardiopulmonary injury is common in neonatal encephalopathy, but the link with cerebrovascular dysfunction is unknown. We hypothesized that alterations of cerebral autoregulation are associated with cardiopulmonary injury in neonates treated with therapeutic hypothermia (TH) for neonatal encephalopathy. The cerebral hemoglobin volume index (HVx) from near-infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) with optimal autoregulatory vasoreactivity (MAP OPT ). We measured associations between MAP relative to MAP OPT and indicators of cardiopulmonary injury (duration of mechanical respiratory support and administration of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO), milrinone, or steroids). We identified associations between cerebrovascular autoregulation and cardiopulmonary injury that were often sex-specific. Greater MAP deviation above MAP OPT was associated with shorter duration of intubation in boys but longer ventilatory support in girls. Greater MAP deviation below MAP OPT related to longer intensive care stay in boys. Milrinone was associated with greater MAP deviation below MAP OPT in girls. MAP deviation from MAP OPT may relate to cardiopulmonary injury after neonatal encephalopathy, and sex may modulate this relationship. Whereas MAP above MAP OPT may protect the brain and lungs in boys, it may be related to cardiopulmonary injury in girls. Future studies are needed to characterize the role of sex in these associations.

Morphological analysis of the pancreas and liver in diabetic KK-A(y) mice treated with zinc and oxovanadium complexes.

PubMed

Moroki, Takayasu; Yoshikawa, Yutaka; Yoshizawa, Katsuhiko; Tsubura, Airo; Yasui, Hiroyuki

2014-09-01

The relationship between biometals, such as zinc (Zn(2+)), vanadium, copper, cobalt, and magnesium ions, and diabetes therapy has been recognized for several years. In particular, the antidiabetic activities of Zn(2+) and oxovanadium (VO(2+)) complexes have been measured using biochemical approaches. In the present study, diabetic KK-A(y) mice were treated with bis(1-oxy-2-pyridine-thiolato)Zn(2+) (Zn(opt)2) and bis(1-oxy-2-pyridine-thiolato)VO(2+) (VO(opt)2) for 4 weeks, and the antidiabetic activities of these metal complexes were evaluated using biochemical and morphological methods. Additionally, zinc gluconate (Zn(glc)2) and bis(ethylmaltolato)VO(2+) (VO(emal)2) were used as reference compounds. Pancreatic islet cells were smaller, and there was a tendency towards a lower islet cell area ratio in Zn(opt)2-treated mice compared with nontreated KK-A(y) mice. Furthermore, plasma insulin concentrations were significantly reduced to 27.2% of insulin concentrations in nontreated KK-A(y) mice. These results suggest that Zn(opt)2 administration provides morphological and biochemical improvements in hyperinsulinaemia. In contrast, in mice that received Zn(glc)2 and VO(2+) complexes, the islet cell size and islet cell area ratio did not differ from those in nontreated controls. Zn(opt)2- and VO(opt)2-treated mice exhibited significantly lower fat deposition and fat deposition area ratio in the liver (63.6% and 65.8% of nontreated KK-A(y) mice, respectively) compared to those observed in nontreated KK-A(y) mice. The differences in morphological improvements of the pancreas and liver owing to Zn(opt)2 or VO(opt)2 treatment may be explained by differences in the sites of actions of Zn(2+) and VO(2+) complexes in different organs in KK-A(y) mice. In conclusion, Zn(opt)2 exhibited superior antidiabetic effects over those of VO(opt)2, and this was owing to greater amelioration of the morphological parameters of the liver and pancreas.

"Opt Out" and Access to Anesthesia Care for Elective and Urgent Surgeries among U.S. Medicare Beneficiaries.

PubMed

Sun, Eric C; Dexter, Franklin; Miller, Thomas R; Baker, Laurence C

2017-03-01

In 2001, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services issued a rule allowing U.S. states to "opt out" of the regulations requiring physician supervision of nurse anesthetists in an effort to increase access to anesthesia care. Whether "opt out" has successfully achieved this goal remains unknown. Using Medicare administrative claims data, we examined whether "opt out" reduced the distance traveled by patients, a common measure of access, for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty, total hip arthroplasty, cataract surgery, colonoscopy/sigmoidoscopy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, appendectomy, or hip fracture repair. In addition, we examined whether "opt out" was associated with an increase in the use of anesthesia care for cataract surgery, colonoscopy/sigmoidoscopy, or esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Our analysis used a difference-in-differences approach with a robust set of controls to minimize confounding. "Opt out" did not reduce the percentage of patients who traveled outside of their home zip code except in the case of total hip arthroplasty (2.2% point reduction; P = 0.007). For patients travelling outside of their zip code, "opt out" had no significant effect on the distance traveled among any of the procedures we examined, with point estimates ranging from a 7.9-km decrease for appendectomy (95% CI, -19 to 3.4; P = 0.173) to a 1.6-km increase (95% CI, -5.1 to 8.2; P = 0.641) for total hip arthroplasty. There was also no significant effect on the use of anesthesia for esophagogastroduodenoscopy, appendectomy, or cataract surgery. "Opt out" was associated with little or no increased access to anesthesia care for several common procedures.

Perspectives on Integrated HIV and Hepatitis C Virus Testing Among Persons Entering a Northern California Jail: A Pilot Study.

PubMed

Ly, Wilson; Cocohoba, Jennifer; Chyorny, Alexander; Halpern, Jodi; Auerswald, Colette; Myers, Janet

2018-06-01

Providing HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) testing on an "opt-out" basis is often considered the "gold standard" because it contributes to higher testing rates when compared with "opt-in" strategies. Although rates are crucial, an individual's testing preferences are also important, especially in correctional settings where legal and social factors influence a person's capacity to freely decide whether or not to test. Our study explored factors influencing HIV and HCV testing decisions and individuals' preferences and concerns regarding opt-in vs. opt-out testing at the time of jail entry. We conducted semistructured interviews to explore individuals' previous testing experiences, reasons to test, understanding of their health care rights, HIV and HCV knowledge, and preferences for an opt-out vs. an opt-in testing script. We interviewed 30 individuals detained in the Santa Clara County Jail at intake. Participants reported that their testing decisions were influenced by their level of HIV and HCV knowledge, self-perceived risk of infection and stigma associated with infection and testing, the degree to which they felt coerced, and understanding of testing rights in a correctional setting. Most preferred the opt-in script because they valued the choice of whether or not to be tested. Participants who did prefer the opt-out script did so because they felt that the script was less likely to make people feel "singled out" for testing. Our findings demonstrate that people care about how testing is offered and suggest a need for further research to see how much this influences their decision about whether to test.

Diffusive and localization behavior of electromagnetic waves in a two-dimensional random medium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Ken Kang-Hsin; Ye, Zhen

2003-10-01

In this paper, we discuss the transport phenomena of electromagnetic waves in a two-dimensional random system which is composed of arrays of electrical dipoles, following the model presented earlier by Erdogan et al. [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 10, 391 (1993)]. A set of self-consistent equations is presented, accounting for the multiple scattering in the system, and is then solved numerically. A strong localization regime is discovered in the frequency domain. The transport properties within, near the edge of, and nearly outside the localization regime are investigated for different parameters such as filling factor and system size. The results show that within the localization regime, waves are trapped near the transmitting source. Meanwhile, the diffusive waves follow an intuitive but expected picture. That is, they increase with traveling path as more and more random scattering incurs, followed by a saturation, then start to decay exponentially when the travelling path is large enough, signifying the localization effect. For the cases where the frequencies are near the boundary of or outside the localization regime, the results of diffusive waves are compared with the diffusion approximation, showing less encouraging agreement as in other systems [Asatryan et al., Phys. Rev. E 67, 036605 (2003)].

Special issue on the spectroscopy of transient plasmas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bailey, James; Hoarty, David; Mancini, Roberto; Yoneda, Hitoki

2015-01-01

Experimental and theoretical papers are invited for a special issue of Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics on Spectroscopy of Transient Plasmas, covering plasma conditions produced by pulsed laboratory sources including for example, short and long pulse lasers; pulsed power devices; FELs; XFELs and ion beams. The full range of plasma spectroscopy from the optical range up to high energy bremsstrahlung radiation will be covered. The deadline for submitting to this special issue is 1 March 2015. (Expected web publication: autumn 2015). Late submissions will be considered for the journal, but may not be included in the special issue. All submitted articles will be fully refereed to the journal's usual high standards. Upon publication, the issue will be widely promoted to the atomic, molecular and optical physics community, ensuring that your work receives maximum visibility. Articles should be submitted at http://mc04.manuscriptcentral.com/jphysb-iop. Should you have any questions regarding the preparation of manuscripts or the suitability of your work for this Issue, please do not hesitate to contact the J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Editorial team (jphysb@iop.org). We look forward to hearing from you and hope that we can welcome you as a contributing author.

12 CFR 334.25 - Reasonable and simple methods of opting out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... or processed at an Internet Web site, if the consumer agrees to the electronic delivery of information; (iv) Providing a toll-free telephone number that consumers may call to opt out; or (v) Allowing... by calling a single toll-free telephone number. (2) Opt-out methods that are not reasonable and...

12 CFR 717.25 - Reasonable and simple methods of opting out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... an Internet Web site, if the consumer agrees to the electronic delivery of information; (iv) Providing a toll-free telephone number that consumers may call to opt out; or (v) Allowing consumers to... single toll-free telephone number. (2) Opt-out methods that are not reasonable and simple. Reasonable and...

12 CFR 717.25 - Reasonable and simple methods of opting out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... an Internet Web site, if the consumer agrees to the electronic delivery of information; (iv) Providing a toll-free telephone number that consumers may call to opt out; or (v) Allowing consumers to... single toll-free telephone number. (2) Opt-out methods that are not reasonable and simple. Reasonable and...

12 CFR 334.25 - Reasonable and simple methods of opting out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... or processed at an Internet Web site, if the consumer agrees to the electronic delivery of information; (iv) Providing a toll-free telephone number that consumers may call to opt out; or (v) Allowing... by calling a single toll-free telephone number. (2) Opt-out methods that are not reasonable and...

12 CFR 717.25 - Reasonable and simple methods of opting out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... an Internet Web site, if the consumer agrees to the electronic delivery of information; (iv) Providing a toll-free telephone number that consumers may call to opt out; or (v) Allowing consumers to... single toll-free telephone number. (2) Opt-out methods that are not reasonable and simple. Reasonable and...

12 CFR 334.25 - Reasonable and simple methods of opting out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... or processed at an Internet Web site, if the consumer agrees to the electronic delivery of information; (iv) Providing a toll-free telephone number that consumers may call to opt out; or (v) Allowing... by calling a single toll-free telephone number. (2) Opt-out methods that are not reasonable and...