78 FR 61345 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-03

... November 4, 2013 unless comments are received which result in a contrary determination. Comments will be..., career enhancement and motivation, and other career related matters to meet manpower allocations and...

78 FR 37801 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-24

... be effective on July 25, 2013 unless comments are received which result in a contrary determination... development, education, training, recall and release of Navy personnel to meet manpower allocations and...

Optimizing Marine Corps Pilot Conversion to the Joint Strike Fighter

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-06-01

Office of Civilian Manpower Management. Included are a summary of modeling efforts and the mathematics behind them, models for aggregate manpower...Vajda for the Admiralty of the Royal Navy. They also mention work by one of the first actuaries , John Rowe, who as early as 1779, conducted studies...idea of using mathematical and statistical techniques to obtain better information on the manpower requirements has its roots in personnel research

39 CFR 775.6 - Categorical exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... that involve no commitment of resources other than manpower and funding allocations. (3) Award of... personal services. (4) Research activities and studies and routine data collection when such actions are... replacement or any lead based paint abatement actions regulated under the provisions of the Toxic Substances...

39 CFR 775.6 - Categorical exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... that involve no commitment of resources other than manpower and funding allocations. (3) Award of... personal services. (4) Research activities and studies and routine data collection when such actions are... replacement or any lead based paint abatement actions regulated under the provisions of the Toxic Substances...

39 CFR 775.6 - Categorical exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... that involve no commitment of resources other than manpower and funding allocations. (3) Award of... personal services. (4) Research activities and studies and routine data collection when such actions are... replacement or any lead based paint abatement actions regulated under the provisions of the Toxic Substances...

39 CFR 775.6 - Categorical exclusions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... that involve no commitment of resources other than manpower and funding allocations. (3) Award of... personal services. (4) Research activities and studies and routine data collection when such actions are... replacement or any lead based paint abatement actions regulated under the provisions of the Toxic Substances...

A population-based study of the association of medical manpower with county trauma death rates in the United States.

PubMed Central

Rutledge, R; Fakhry, S M; Baker, C C; Weaver, N; Ramenofsky, M; Sheldon, G F; Meyer, A A

1994-01-01

OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between measures of medical manpower available to treat trauma patients and county trauma death rates in the United States. The primary hypothesis was that greater availability of medical manpower to treat trauma injury would be associated with lower trauma death rates. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: When viewed from the standpoint of the number of productive years of life lost, trauma has a greater effect on health care and lost productivity in the United States than any disease. Allocation of health care manpower to treat injuries seems logical, but studies have not been done to determine its efficacy. The effect of medical manpower and hospital resource allocation on the outcome of injury in the United States has not been fully explored or adequately evaluated. METHODS: Data on trauma deaths in the United States were obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics. Data on the number of surgeons and emergency medicine physicians were obtained from the American Hospital Association and the American Medical Association. Data on physicians who have participated in the American College of Surgeons (ACS) Advanced Trauma Life Support Course (ATLS) were obtained from the ACS. Membership information for the American Association for Surgery of Trauma (AAST) was obtained from that organization. Demographic data were obtained from the United States Census Bureau. Multivariate stepwise linear regression and cluster analysis were used to model the county trauma death rates in the United States. The Statistical Analysis System (Cary, NC) for statistical analysis was used. RESULTS: Bivariate and multivariate analyses showed that a variety of medical manpower measures and demographic factors were associated with county trauma death rates in the United States. As in other studies, measures of low population density and high levels of poverty were found to be strongly associated with increased trauma death rates. After accounting for these variables, using multivariate analysis and cluster analysis, an increase in the following medical manpower measures were associated with decreased county trauma death rates: number of board-certified general surgeons, number of board-certified emergency medicine physicians, number of AAST members, and number of ATLS-trained physicians. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms previous work that showed a strong relation among measures of poverty, rural setting, and increased county trauma death rates. It also found that counties with more board-certified surgeons per capita and with more surgeons with an increased interest (AAST membership) or increased training (ATLS) in trauma care have lower per-capita trauma death rates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) Images Figure 1. PMID:8185404

CETA: Is It Equitable for Women? A Rand Note.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berryman, Sue E.; And Others

A study assessed whether the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) equitably allocates its training, employment, occupational, and wage benefits by sex. To analyze the sex equity of CETA's resource distribution, researchers used data from the Continuous Longitudinal Manpower Survey (CLMS) for fiscal 1976, 1977, and 1978 CETA enrollees.…

From Manpower Supply to Economic Revival: Governance and Financing of Chinese Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wang, Chenzhi

2000-01-01

Describes main trends in the administration and financing of higher education in China over two decades and analyzes the resource allocation under the reform policies of administrative decentralization and financing diversification. Points out the economic significance of overcoming diseconomies of scale and inefficiencies. (SLD)

Internal Labor Markets: An Empirical Investigation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mahoney, Thomas A.; Milkovich, George T.

Methods of internal labor market analysis for three organizational areas are presented, along with some evidence about the validity and utility of conceptual descriptions of such markets. The general concept of an internal labor market refers to the process of pricing and allocation of manpower resources with an employing organization and rests…

Development of evaluation models of manpower needs for dismantling the dry conversion process-related equipment in uranium refining and conversion plant (URCP)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sari Izumo; Hideo Usui; Mitsuo Tachibana

Evaluation models for determining the manpower needs for dismantling various types of equipment in uranium refining and conversion plant (URCP) have been developed. The models are widely applicable to other uranium handling facilities. Additionally, a simplified model was developed for easily and accurately calculating the manpower needs for dismantling dry conversion process-related equipment (DP equipment). It is important to evaluate beforehand project management data such as manpower needs to prepare an optimized decommissioning plan and implement effective dismantling activity. The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) has developed the project management data evaluation system for dismantling activities (PRODIA code), which canmore » generate project management data using evaluation models. For preparing an optimized decommissioning plan, these evaluation models should be established based on the type of nuclear facility and actual dismantling data. In URCP, the dry conversion process of reprocessed uranium and others was operated until 1999, and the equipment related to the main process was dismantled from 2008 to 2011. Actual data such as manpower for dismantling were collected during the dismantling activities, and evaluation models were developed using the collected actual data on the basis of equipment classification considering the characteristics of uranium handling facility. (authors)« less

Cost effective campaigning in social networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kotnis, Bhushan; Kuri, Joy

2016-05-01

Campaigners are increasingly using online social networking platforms for promoting products, ideas and information. A popular method of promoting a product or even an idea is incentivizing individuals to evangelize the idea vigorously by providing them with referral rewards in the form of discounts, cash backs, or social recognition. Due to budget constraints on scarce resources such as money and manpower, it may not be possible to provide incentives for the entire population, and hence incentives need to be allocated judiciously to appropriate individuals for ensuring the highest possible outreach size. We aim to do the same by formulating and solving an optimization problem using percolation theory. In particular, we compute the set of individuals that are provided incentives for minimizing the expected cost while ensuring a given outreach size. We also solve the problem of computing the set of individuals to be incentivized for maximizing the outreach size for given cost budget. The optimization problem turns out to be non trivial; it involves quantities that need to be computed by numerically solving a fixed point equation. Our primary contribution is, that for a fairly general cost structure, we show that the optimization problems can be solved by solving a simple linear program. We believe that our approach of using percolation theory to formulate an optimization problem is the first of its kind.

A Systems Analysis of the MDTA Institutional Training Program. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

North American Rockwell Information Systems Co., Anaheim, CA.

An industrial study group was contracted to perform a systems analysis of institutional training conducted under the Manpower Development and Training Act (MDTA) of 1962, as amended, in order to: (1) illuminate management decisions in the areas of program priorities, alternative methods of administration, and allocation of resources, and (2)…

Probabilistic approach to long range planning of manpower

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lejk, R. A.

1967-01-01

Publication presents a total long range planning model for project oriented organizations. The total model consists of planning systems which originate - /1/ at the project level and consolidate into an overall plan, and /2/ from a budetary ceiling and allocate to the individual projects. Analysis of /1/ and /2/ is provided for management decision making.

Airline Maintenance Manpower Optimization from the De Novo Perspective

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liou, James J. H.; Tzeng, Gwo-Hshiung

Human resource management (HRM) is an important issue for today’s competitive airline marketing. In this paper, we discuss a multi-objective model designed from the De Novo perspective to help airlines optimize their maintenance manpower portfolio. The effectiveness of the model and solution algorithm is demonstrated in an empirical study of the optimization of the human resources needed for airline line maintenance. Both De Novo and traditional multiple objective programming (MOP) methods are analyzed. A comparison of the results with those of traditional MOP indicates that the proposed model and solution algorithm does provide better performance and an improved human resource portfolio.

Young Adults in a Changing Socialist Society: Post-Compulsory Education in China.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kai-Ming, Cheng

1994-01-01

Prior to the 1980s, Chinese students were educated to submit themselves to national needs based on a rigid manpower plan. Recently, the gradual emergence of a market economy has led to the development of vocational high schools, the possibility of individual choice in careers, and the fading out of job allocation. (KS)

Longitudinal Studies on the Class of 1961: The Graduate Science Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berger, Alan S.

The outcome of senior plans for graduate study and actual educational behavior during the first few years after college graduation are related in important ways to national manpower resources. In order to estimate and allocate the nation's supply of trained specialists, therefore, one must know not only the size of the college graduating class but…

Kansas Manpower Utilization System for Training (K-MUST): Final Report: Volume 1: System Documentation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scott, Robert E.; And Others

K-MUST, Kansas Manpower Utilization System for Training, provides an information base and management tools to be used by occupational education planners and administrators to optimize the societal and student benefits received from the expenditure of vocational monies. This first part of a two part report describes techniques used to develop,…

[Investigation of dental manpower in public medical units in Shanghai].

PubMed

Zhang, Qing; Feng, Xi-Ping

2010-02-01

To provide information for investigating the dental manpower of in the number, composition, distribution, equipment and out-patient departments (OPDs) in Shanghai and the reasonable allocation and utilization of the dental manpower in Shanghai. A mass survey on dental manpower was made in public medical units in Shanghai in 2007 by means of questionnaire investigation, which included direct interview and telephone interview. The survey content included the number,structure,composition,distribution,equipment and out-patient departments of dental manpower in public medical units in Shanghai. There were 364 public dental medical units distributing 26 tertiary hospitals, 99 grade 2 hospitals, 239 primary hospitals with 2046 dentists, 634 nurses, 281 technicians and 2010 dental units in Shanghai. 77.17% of the dentists were young and middle-aged, 47.85% of them had primary professional tiles, 42.23% of them had university educational background and the specialty of 68.04% of the dentists was general dentistry. 66.88% of the nurses had primary professional tiles and 68.45% of the nurses' educational background was below the junior college degree. The ratio of the dentists to nurses to technicians was 7:2:1. The public dental medical therapy units and dental manpower resources were concentrated in the downtown with 41.48% of the units, 68.23% of the dentists, 79.81% of the nurses and 82.21% of the technicians there. The total amount of dental out-patient departments (DOPDs) in public medical units in Shanghai in 2006 was 5,146,536, 69.23% in the downtown, with 26.95% in the tertiary hospitals. 15.79% of the units thought the DOPDs were too many while 56.23% considered just right. Among them, 27.20% of the units mostly in the downtown thought their units needed dentists. Among them, 66.67% of the units needed general dentists. Dental manpower in public medical units in Shanghai is not a small amount, but nurses are relatively in shortage. At the same time, its composition and distribution are not reasonable with the public dental manpower concentrating in the downtown and tertiary hospitals. Most of the patients visit the hospitals in the downtown and tertiary hospitals for treatment.

[Investigation of dental manpower in non-public medical units in Shanghai].

PubMed

Liu, Yi; Feng, Xi-Ping

2010-02-01

A mass survey on dental manpower was made in non-public medical units in Shanghai in 2007 to analyze the number,structure,composition,distribution,equipment and out-patient departments (OPDs) of dental manpower and to approach the existing problems. The purpose was to provide information for investigating the dental manpower in Shanghai and the reasonable allocation and utilization of the dental manpower in Shanghai. A mass survey on dental manpower was made in non-public medical units in Shanghai in 2007 by means of questionnaire investigation, which included direct interview and telephone interview. The survey content included the number,structure,composition,distribution,equipment and out-patient departments(OPDs) of dental manpower in non-public medical units in Shanghai. There were 488 non-public dental units and 1172 dentists, 848 nurses, 79 technicians, 1377 dental units in Shanghai. 86.9% of the dentists were young and middle-aged, 44.88% of them had middle level professional tiles, 51.28% of them had university educational background and the specialty of 89.59% of the dentists was general dentistry. 81.84% of the nurses had primary professional tiles and 75.47% of the nurses' educational background was below the junior college degree. The ratio of the dentists to nurses to technicians was 15:11:1. The non-public dental units and dental manpower resources were concentrated in the downtown with 54.1% of the units, 57.85% of the dentists, 61.57% of the nurses and 79.75% of the technicians there. The total amount of dental out-patient departments DOPDs in non-public medical units in Shanghai in 2007 was 976,650, 61.42% in the downtown. 38.97% of the units thought the DOPDs were few or less while 57.82% considered it was just right. Among them, 20.04% of the units thought their units needed dentists. Among them, 68.09% of the units needed general dentists. Dental manpower in non-public medical units in Shanghai concentrates in the downtown and Pudong new area. The structure and composition are reasonable. Most of the patients visit the non-public units in the downtown for treatment, many units think their amount of out-patient is small and they need general dentists mostly.

Development of a Big Data Application Architecture for Navy Manpower, Personnel, Training, and Education

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-01

science IT information technology JBOD just a bunch of disks JDBC java database connectivity xviii JPME Joint Professional Military Education JSO...Joint Service Officer JVM java virtual machine MPP massively parallel processing MPTE Manpower, Personnel, Training, and Education NAVMAC Navy...27 external database, whether it is MySQL , Oracle, DB2, or SQL Server (Teller, 2015). Connectors optimize the data transfer by obtaining metadata

Dental manpower in India: changing trends since 1920.

PubMed

Jaiswal, Ashish K; Srinivas, Pachava; Suresh, Sanikommu

2014-08-01

To analyse the changing trends in dental manpower production of India since 1920 and its development to date. The databases consulted were those provided by the Central Bureau of Health Intelligence, Dental Council of India, and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Descriptive statistics. In India, dental education was formally established in 1920 when the first dental college was started. Current data revealed that there are 301 colleges nationwide granting degrees in dentistry, with a total of 25,270 student positions offering annually. Both the distribution of dental colleges and of dentists varies among the regions of the country with the greatest concentration in major urban areas, resulting in limited coverage in rural regions. The current scenario indicates that there is lack of systematic planning in the allocation and development of dental colleges in India. © 2014 FDI World Dental Federation.

Predicting Ranger Assessment and Selection Program 1 Success and Optimizing Class Composition

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-06-01

some type of survival function. We use some of the manpower and force management research above to assist in the development of RANGr. We differ from...Generation. Operations Research Masters Thesis, Monterey: Naval Postgraduate School. Yamada WS (2000) An Infinite Horizon Military Manpower Model...demand. For example, we find the Ranger Regiment could reduce the number of annual RASP1 classes from ten to eight based on several realistic

Waste Load Allocation for Conservative Substances to Protect Aquatic Organisms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hutcheson, M. R.

1992-01-01

A waste load allocation process is developed to determine the maximum effluent concentration of a conservative substance that will not harm fish and wildlife propagation. If this concentration is not exceeded in the effluent, the acute toxicity criterion will not be violated in the receiving stream, and the chronic criterion will not be exceeded in the zone of passage, defined in many state water quality standards to allow the movement of aquatic organisms past a discharge. Considerable simplification of the concentration equation, which is the heart of any waste load allocation, is achieved because it is based on the concentration in the receiving stream when the concentration gradient on the zone of passage boundary is zero. Consequently, the expression obtained for effluent concentration is independent of source location or stream morphology. Only five independent variables, which are routinely available to regulatory agencies, are required to perform this allocation. It aids in developing permit limits which are protective without being unduly restrictive or requiring large expenditures of money and manpower on field investigations.

Data envelopment analysis for estimating efficiency of intensive care units: a case study in Iran.

PubMed

Bahrami, Mohammad Amin; Rafiei, Sima; Abedi, Mahdieh; Askari, Roohollah

2018-05-14

Purpose As hospitals are the most costly service providers in every healthcare systems, special attention should be given to their performance in terms of resource allocation and consumption. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate technical, allocative and economic efficiency in intensive care units (ICUs) of hospitals affiliated by Yazd University of Medical Sciences (YUMS) in 2015. Design/methodology/approach This was a descriptive, analytical study conducted in ICUs of seven training hospitals affiliated by YUMS using data envelopment analysis (DEA) in 2015. The number of physicians, nurses, active beds and equipment were regarded as input variables and bed occupancy rate, the number of discharged patients, economic information such as bed price and physicians' fees were mentioned as output variables of the study. Available data from study variables were retrospectively gathered and analyzed through the Deap 2.1 software using the variable returns to scale methodology. Findings The study findings revealed the average scores of allocative, economic, technical, managerial and scale efficiency to be relatively 0.956, 0.866, 0.883, 0.89 and 0.913. Regarding to latter three types of efficiency, five hospitals had desirable performance. Practical implications Given that additional costs due to an extra number of manpower or unnecessary capital resources impose economic pressure on hospitals also the fact that reduction of surplus production plays a major role in reducing such expenditures in hospitals, it is suggested that departments with low efficiency reduce their input surpluses to achieve the optimal level of performance. Originality/value The authors applied a DEA approach to measure allocative, economic, technical, managerial and scale efficiency of under-study hospitals. This is a helpful linear programming method which acts as a powerful and understandable approach for comparative performance assessment in healthcare settings and a guidance for healthcare managers to improve their departments' performance.

HSI top-down requirements analysis for ship manpower reduction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Malone, Thomas B.; Bost, J. R.

2000-11-01

U.S. Navy ship acquisition programs such as DD 21 and CVNX are increasingly relying on top down requirements analysis (TDRA) to define and assess design approaches for workload and manpower reduction, and for ensuring required levels of human performance, reliability, safety, and quality of life at sea. The human systems integration (HSI) approach to TDRA begins with a function analysis which identifies the functions derived from the requirements in the Operational Requirements Document (ORD). The function analysis serves as the function baseline for the ship, and also supports the definition of RDT&E and Total Ownership Cost requirements. A mission analysis is then conducted to identify mission scenarios, again based on requirements in the ORD, and the Design Reference Mission (DRM). This is followed by a mission/function analysis which establishes the function requirements to successfully perform the ship's missions. Function requirements of major importance for HSI are information, performance, decision, and support requirements associated with each function. An allocation of functions defines the roles of humans and automation in performing the functions associated with a mission. Alternate design concepts, based on function allocation strategies, are then described, and task networks associated with the concepts are developed. Task network simulations are conducted to assess workloads and human performance capabilities associated with alternate concepts. An assessment of the affordability and risk associated with alternate concepts is performed, and manning estimates are developed for feasible design concepts.

Analysis and Research on the Optimal Allocation of Regional Water Resources

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

rui-chao, Xi; yu-jie, Gu

2018-06-01

Starting from the basic concept of optimal allocation of water resources, taking the allocation of water resources in Tianjin as an example, the present situation of water resources in Tianjin is analyzed, and the multi-objective optimal allocation model of water resources is used to optimize the allocation of water resources. We use LINGO to solve the model, get the optimal allocation plan that meets the economic and social benefits, and put forward relevant policies and regulations, so as to provide theoretical which is basis for alleviating and solving the problem of water shortage.

A tradeoff between the losses caused by computer viruses and the risk of the manpower shortage

PubMed Central

Bi, Jichao; Yang, Lu-Xing; Wu, Yingbo; Tang, Yuan Yan

2018-01-01

This article addresses the tradeoff between the losses caused by a new virus and the size of the team for developing an antivirus against the virus. First, an individual-level virus spreading model is proposed to capture the spreading process of the virus before the appearance of its natural enemy. On this basis, the tradeoff problem is modeled as a discrete optimization problem. Next, the influences of different factors, including the infection force, the infection function, the available manpower, the alarm threshold, the antivirus development effort and the network topology, on the optimal team size are examined through computer simulations. This work takes the first step toward the tradeoff problem, and the findings are instructive to the decision makers of network security companies. PMID:29370222

A tradeoff between the losses caused by computer viruses and the risk of the manpower shortage.

PubMed

Bi, Jichao; Yang, Lu-Xing; Yang, Xiaofan; Wu, Yingbo; Tang, Yuan Yan

2018-01-01

This article addresses the tradeoff between the losses caused by a new virus and the size of the team for developing an antivirus against the virus. First, an individual-level virus spreading model is proposed to capture the spreading process of the virus before the appearance of its natural enemy. On this basis, the tradeoff problem is modeled as a discrete optimization problem. Next, the influences of different factors, including the infection force, the infection function, the available manpower, the alarm threshold, the antivirus development effort and the network topology, on the optimal team size are examined through computer simulations. This work takes the first step toward the tradeoff problem, and the findings are instructive to the decision makers of network security companies.

A study of the talent training project management for semiconductor industry in Taiwan: the application of a hybrid data envelopment analysis approach.

PubMed

Kao, Ling-Jing; Chiu, Shu-Yu; Ko, Hsien-Tang

2014-01-01

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the training institution performance and to improve the management of the Manpower Training Project (MTP) administered by the Semiconductor Institute in Taiwan. Much literature assesses the efficiency of an internal training program initiated by a firm, but only little literature studies the efficiency of an external training program led by government. In the study, a hybrid solution of ICA-DEA and ICA-MPI is developed for measuring the efficiency and the productivity growth of each training institution over the period. The technical efficiency change, the technological change, pure technical efficiency change, scale efficiency change, and the total factor productivity change were evaluated according to five inputs and two outputs. According to the results of the study, the training institutions can be classified by their efficiency successfully and the guidelines for the optimal level of input resources can be obtained for each inefficient training institution. The Semiconductor Institute in Taiwan can allocate budget more appropriately and establish withdrawal mechanisms for inefficient training institutions.

A Study of the Talent Training Project Management for Semiconductor Industry in Taiwan: The Application of a Hybrid Data Envelopment Analysis Approach

PubMed Central

Kao, Ling-Jing; Chiu, Shu-Yu; Ko, Hsien-Tang

2014-01-01

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the training institution performance and to improve the management of the Manpower Training Project (MTP) administered by the Semiconductor Institute in Taiwan. Much literature assesses the efficiency of an internal training program initiated by a firm, but only little literature studies the efficiency of an external training program led by government. In the study, a hybrid solution of ICA-DEA and ICA-MPI is developed for measuring the efficiency and the productivity growth of each training institution over the period. The technical efficiency change, the technological change, pure technical efficiency change, scale efficiency change, and the total factor productivity change were evaluated according to five inputs and two outputs. According to the results of the study, the training institutions can be classified by their efficiency successfully and the guidelines for the optimal level of input resources can be obtained for each inefficient training institution. The Semiconductor Institute in Taiwan can allocate budget more appropriately and establish withdrawal mechanisms for inefficient training institutions. PMID:24977192

Concepts. The Journal of Defense Systems Aquisition Management. Autumn 1980. Volume 3. Number 4.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-01-01

all that out of the way, just let me say that we hope you find something in this issue that causes you to think , either in cool reflection or in the...objectively at resource allocation. We must find ways to do more with fewer people .2 Finally, we inust apportion manpower resources fairly and accurately. If...consideration, and (2) the application of in- formed judgment as to how many people must be employed to effectively deal with it. Quantitative data

A manpower scheduling heuristic for aircraft maintenance application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sze, San-Nah; Sze, Jeeu-Fong; Chiew, Kang-Leng

2012-09-01

This research studies a manpower scheduling for aircraft maintenance, focusing on in-flight food loading operation. A group of loading teams with flexible shifts is required to deliver and upload packaged meals from the ground kitchen to aircrafts in multiple trips. All aircrafts must be served within predefined time windows. The scheduling process takes into account of various constraints such as meal break allocation, multi-trip traveling and food exposure time limit. Considering the aircrafts movement and predefined maximum working hours for each loading team, the main objective of this study is to form an efficient roster by assigning a minimum number of loading teams to the aircrafts. We proposed an insertion based heuristic to generate the solutions in a short period of time for large instances. This proposed algorithm is implemented in various stages for constructing trips due to the presence of numerous constraints. The robustness and efficiency of the algorithm is demonstrated in computational results. The results show that the insertion heuristic more efficiently outperforms the company's current practice.

Efficient greedy algorithms for economic manpower shift planning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nearchou, A. C.; Giannikos, I. C.; Lagodimos, A. G.

2015-01-01

Consideration is given to the economic manpower shift planning (EMSP) problem, an NP-hard capacity planning problem appearing in various industrial settings including the packing stage of production in process industries and maintenance operations. EMSP aims to determine the manpower needed in each available workday shift of a given planning horizon so as to complete a set of independent jobs at minimum cost. Three greedy heuristics are presented for the EMSP solution. These practically constitute adaptations of an existing algorithm for a simplified version of EMSP which had shown excellent performance in terms of solution quality and speed. Experimentation shows that the new algorithms perform very well in comparison to the results obtained by both the CPLEX optimizer and an existing metaheuristic. Statistical analysis is deployed to rank the algorithms in terms of their solution quality and to identify the effects that critical planning factors may have on their relative efficiency.

Designing teams of unattended ground sensors using genetic algorithms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yilmaz, Ayse S.; McQuay, Brian N.; Wu, Annie S.; Sciortino, John C., Jr.

2004-04-01

Improvements in sensor capabilities have driven the need for automated sensor allocation and management systems. Such systems provide a penalty-free test environment and valuable input to human operators by offering candidate solutions. These abilities lead, in turn, to savings in manpower and time. Determining an optimal team of cooperating sensors for military operations is a challenging task. There is a tradeoff between the desire to decrease the cost and the need to increase the sensing capabilities of a sensor suite. This work focuses on unattended ground sensor networks consisting of teams of small, inexpensive sensors. Given a possible configuration of enemy radar, our goal isto generate sensor suites that monitor as many enemy radar as possible while minimizing cost. In previous work, we have shown that genetic algorithms (GAs) can be used to evolve successful teams of sensors for this problem. This work extends our previous work in two ways: we use an improved simulator containing a more accurate model of radar and sensor capabilities for out fitness evaluations and we introduce two new genetic operators, insertion and deletion, that are expected to improve the GA's fine tuning abilities. Empirical results show that our GA approach produces near optimal results under a variety of enemy radar configurations using sensors with varying capabilities. Detection percentage remains stable regardless of changes in the enemy radar placements.

Optimal resource allocation for defense of targets based on differing measures of attractiveness.

PubMed

Bier, Vicki M; Haphuriwat, Naraphorn; Menoyo, Jaime; Zimmerman, Rae; Culpen, Alison M

2008-06-01

This article describes the results of applying a rigorous computational model to the problem of the optimal defensive resource allocation among potential terrorist targets. In particular, our study explores how the optimal budget allocation depends on the cost effectiveness of security investments, the defender's valuations of the various targets, and the extent of the defender's uncertainty about the attacker's target valuations. We use expected property damage, expected fatalities, and two metrics of critical infrastructure (airports and bridges) as our measures of target attractiveness. Our results show that the cost effectiveness of security investment has a large impact on the optimal budget allocation. Also, different measures of target attractiveness yield different optimal budget allocations, emphasizing the importance of developing more realistic terrorist objective functions for use in budget allocation decisions for homeland security.

Chapter 4. Manpower. Recommendations and standard operating procedures for intensive care unit and hospital preparations for an influenza epidemic or mass disaster.

PubMed

Sandrock, Christian

2010-04-01

To provide recommendations and standard operating procedures (SOPs) for intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital preparations for an influenza pandemic or mass disaster with a specific focus on manpower. Based on a literature review and expert opinion, a Delphi process was used to define the essential topics including manpower. Key recommendations include: (1) plan to access, coordinate and increase labor resources for continued and expanded ICU care including increasing critical care specialists and expanded practice for non-critical care personnel; (2) develop an education, awareness, preparation and communication program to ensure a well-protected and prepared workforce with coordinated rapid manpower expansion; (3) maintain a central inventory of all clinical and non-clinical staff with their current roles along with possible emergency re-training possibilities; (4) coordinate all clinical and non-clinical staffing requirements and determine the hospital's daily needs including a sick and no-show list together with ICU requirements; (5) provide clinical care to patients only with clinical staff and not with non-clinical staff; (6) delegate duties not within the scope of workers' practice under crisis conditions with proper supervision and support from experienced clinicians to ensure patient safety; (7) intensivists should supervise nonintensivist physicians to expand the workforce if patient surge exceeds the number of available ICU-trained specialists. Judicious planning and adoption of protocols for providing adequate manpower are necessary to optimize outcomes during a pandemic.

Optimal Time-Resource Allocation for Energy-Efficient Physical Activity Detection

PubMed Central

Thatte, Gautam; Li, Ming; Lee, Sangwon; Emken, B. Adar; Annavaram, Murali; Narayanan, Shrikanth; Spruijt-Metz, Donna; Mitra, Urbashi

2011-01-01

The optimal allocation of samples for physical activity detection in a wireless body area network for health-monitoring is considered. The number of biometric samples collected at the mobile device fusion center, from both device-internal and external Bluetooth heterogeneous sensors, is optimized to minimize the transmission power for a fixed number of samples, and to meet a performance requirement defined using the probability of misclassification between multiple hypotheses. A filter-based feature selection method determines an optimal feature set for classification, and a correlated Gaussian model is considered. Using experimental data from overweight adolescent subjects, it is found that allocating a greater proportion of samples to sensors which better discriminate between certain activity levels can result in either a lower probability of error or energy-savings ranging from 18% to 22%, in comparison to equal allocation of samples. The current activity of the subjects and the performance requirements do not significantly affect the optimal allocation, but employing personalized models results in improved energy-efficiency. As the number of samples is an integer, an exhaustive search to determine the optimal allocation is typical, but computationally expensive. To this end, an alternate, continuous-valued vector optimization is derived which yields approximately optimal allocations and can be implemented on the mobile fusion center due to its significantly lower complexity. PMID:21796237

76 FR 26310 - National Cancer Institute; Notice of Closed Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-06

... Support; 93.398, Cancer Research Manpower; 93.399, Cancer Control, National Institutes of Health, HHS... personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Cancer Institute Special Emphasis Panel, Population-based Research Optimizing Screening through Personalized Regimens (PROSPR) for Cancer and Statistical...

Explanation of random experiment sheduling and its application to space station analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moore, J. E.

1970-01-01

The capability of the McDonnell-Douglas Phase B space station concept to complete the Blue Book Experiment program is analyzed and the Random experiment program with Resource Impact (REPRI) which was used to generate the data is described. The results indicate that station manpower and electrical power are the two resources which will constrain the amount of the Blue Book program that the station can complete. The station experiment program and its resource requirements are sensitive to levels of manpower and electrical power 13.5 men and 11 kilowatts. Continuous artificial gravity experiments have much less impact on the experiment program than experiments using separate artificial gravity periods. Station storage volume presently allocated for the FPE's and their supplies (1600 cu ft) is more than adequate. The REPRI program uses the Monte Carlo technique to generate a set of feasible experiment schedules for a space station. The schedules are statistically analyzed to determine the impact of the station experiment program resource requirements on the station concept. Also, the sensitivity of the station concept to one or more resources is assessed.

From SEST to ALMA, from NTT to OWL: of vision, dreams and realities. Perspectives from the Directors General, past and present: Harry van der Laan, ESO Director General, 1988 - 1992

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van der Laan, Harry

2002-09-01

ESO has come a long way since in 1987 the first rocks were blasted at the NTT site on La Silla. Those were exciting days, when SEST came online and soon after the VLT programme was getting up to speed upon its approval in December 1987. It was not an easy time for staff or management: taking up the role of main contractor for its own design and construction programme rather than finding an industrial consultant to do so was an enormous challenge. It was not obvious that it could be done, for more than ninety per cent of ESO's staff capacity was occupied with running La Silla, operating Headquarter services and constructing the NTT. The VLT Blue Book and the bag of money Council had allocated to its realization were necessary but by no means sufficient. For the new, formidable task, manpower had to be found and trained, manpower both reassigned and newly recruited.

Resource Allocation and Seed Size Selection in Perennial Plants under Pollen Limitation.

PubMed

Huang, Qiaoqiao; Burd, Martin; Fan, Zhiwei

2017-09-01

Pollen limitation may affect resource allocation patterns in plants, but its role in the selection of seed size is not known. Using an evolutionarily stable strategy model of resource allocation in perennial iteroparous plants, we show that under density-independent population growth, pollen limitation (i.e., a reduction in ovule fertilization rate) should increase the optimal seed size. At any level of pollen limitation (including none), the optimal seed size maximizes the ratio of juvenile survival rate to the resource investment needed to produce one seed (including both ovule production and seed provisioning); that is, the optimum maximizes the fitness effect per unit cost. Seed investment may affect allocation to postbreeding adult survival. In our model, pollen limitation increases individual seed size but decreases overall reproductive allocation, so that pollen limitation should also increase the optimal allocation to postbreeding adult survival. Under density-dependent population growth, the optimal seed size is inversely proportional to ovule fertilization rate. However, pollen limitation does not affect the optimal allocation to postbreeding adult survival and ovule production. These results highlight the importance of allocation trade-offs in the effect pollen limitation has on the ecology and evolution of seed size and postbreeding adult survival in perennial plants.

An Optimization Framework for Dynamic, Distributed Real-Time Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Eckert, Klaus; Juedes, David; Welch, Lonnie; Chelberg, David; Bruggerman, Carl; Drews, Frank; Fleeman, David; Parrott, David; Pfarr, Barbara

2003-01-01

Abstract. This paper presents a model that is useful for developing resource allocation algorithms for distributed real-time systems .that operate in dynamic environments. Interesting aspects of the model include dynamic environments, utility and service levels, which provide a means for graceful degradation in resource-constrained situations and support optimization of the allocation of resources. The paper also provides an allocation algorithm that illustrates how to use the model for producing feasible, optimal resource allocations.

Expanding the role of the nurse practitioner in the deployed setting.

PubMed

Dargis, Julie; Horne, Theresa; Tillman-Ortiz, Sophie; Scherr, Diane; Yackel, Edward E

2006-08-01

Today's military is experiencing rapid advances in technology and in manpower utilization. The Army Medical Department is redesigning the structure and function of deployable hospital systems as part of this effort. The transformation of deployable hospital systems requires that a critical analysis of manpower utilization be undertaken to optimize the employment of soldier-medics. The objective of this article was to describe the use of nurse practitioners as primary care providers during deployment. The lived experiences of five nurse practitioners deployed to Operation Iraqi Freedom are presented. Data gathered during the deployment and an analysis of the literature clearly support expanded and legitimized roles for these health care professionals in future conflicts and peacekeeping operations.

An integrated model of water resources optimization allocation based on projection pursuit model - Grey wolf optimization method in a transboundary river basin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Sen; Lu, Hongwei

2018-04-01

Under the effects of global change, water crisis ranks as the top global risk in the future decade, and water conflict in transboundary river basins as well as the geostrategic competition led by it is most concerned. This study presents an innovative integrated PPMGWO model of water resources optimization allocation in a transboundary river basin, which is integrated through the projection pursuit model (PPM) and Grey wolf optimization (GWO) method. This study uses the Songhua River basin and 25 control units as examples, adopting the PPMGWO model proposed in this study to allocate the water quantity. Using water consumption in all control units in the Songhua River basin in 2015 as reference to compare with optimization allocation results of firefly algorithm (FA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms as well as the PPMGWO model, results indicate that the average difference between corresponding allocation results and reference values are 0.195 bil m3, 0.151 bil m3, and 0.085 bil m3, respectively. Obviously, the average difference of the PPMGWO model is the lowest and its optimization allocation result is closer to reality, which further confirms the reasonability, feasibility, and accuracy of the PPMGWO model. And then the PPMGWO model is adopted to simulate allocation of available water quantity in Songhua River basin in 2018, 2020, and 2030. The simulation results show water quantity which could be allocated in all controls demonstrates an overall increasing trend with reasonable and equal exploitation and utilization of water resources in the Songhua River basin in future. In addition, this study has a certain reference value and application meaning to comprehensive management and water resources allocation in other transboundary river basins.

A Framework for Optimal Control Allocation with Structural Load Constraints

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Frost, Susan A.; Taylor, Brian R.; Jutte, Christine V.; Burken, John J.; Trinh, Khanh V.; Bodson, Marc

2010-01-01

Conventional aircraft generally employ mixing algorithms or lookup tables to determine control surface deflections needed to achieve moments commanded by the flight control system. Control allocation is the problem of converting desired moments into control effector commands. Next generation aircraft may have many multipurpose, redundant control surfaces, adding considerable complexity to the control allocation problem. These issues can be addressed with optimal control allocation. Most optimal control allocation algorithms have control surface position and rate constraints. However, these constraints are insufficient to ensure that the aircraft's structural load limits will not be exceeded by commanded surface deflections. In this paper, a framework is proposed to enable a flight control system with optimal control allocation to incorporate real-time structural load feedback and structural load constraints. A proof of concept simulation that demonstrates the framework in a simulation of a generic transport aircraft is presented.

Incentives for Optimal Multi-level Allocation of HIV Prevention Resources

PubMed Central

Malvankar, Monali M.; Zaric, Gregory S.

2013-01-01

HIV/AIDS prevention funds are often allocated at multiple levels of decision-making. Optimal allocation of HIV prevention funds maximizes the number of HIV infections averted. However, decision makers often allocate using simple heuristics such as proportional allocation. We evaluate the impact of using incentives to encourage optimal allocation in a two-level decision-making process. We model an incentive based decision-making process consisting of an upper-level decision maker allocating funds to a single lower-level decision maker who then distributes funds to local programs. We assume that the lower-level utility function is linear in the amount of the budget received from the upper-level, the fraction of funds reserved for proportional allocation, and the number of infections averted. We assume that the upper level objective is to maximize the number of infections averted. We illustrate with an example using data from California, U.S. PMID:23766551

Stochastic Optimization For Water Resources Allocation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yamout, G.; Hatfield, K.

2003-12-01

For more than 40 years, water resources allocation problems have been addressed using deterministic mathematical optimization. When data uncertainties exist, these methods could lead to solutions that are sub-optimal or even infeasible. While optimization models have been proposed for water resources decision-making under uncertainty, no attempts have been made to address the uncertainties in water allocation problems in an integrated approach. This paper presents an Integrated Dynamic, Multi-stage, Feedback-controlled, Linear, Stochastic, and Distributed parameter optimization approach to solve a problem of water resources allocation. It attempts to capture (1) the conflict caused by competing objectives, (2) environmental degradation produced by resource consumption, and finally (3) the uncertainty and risk generated by the inherently random nature of state and decision parameters involved in such a problem. A theoretical system is defined throughout its different elements. These elements consisting mainly of water resource components and end-users are described in terms of quantity, quality, and present and future associated risks and uncertainties. Models are identified, modified, and interfaced together to constitute an integrated water allocation optimization framework. This effort is a novel approach to confront the water allocation optimization problem while accounting for uncertainties associated with all its elements; thus resulting in a solution that correctly reflects the physical problem in hand.

Optimal resource allocation strategy for two-layer complex networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Jinlong; Wang, Lixin; Li, Sufeng; Duan, Congwen; Liu, Yu

2018-02-01

We study the traffic dynamics on two-layer complex networks, and focus on its delivery capacity allocation strategy to enhance traffic capacity measured by the critical value Rc. With the limited packet-delivering capacity, we propose a delivery capacity allocation strategy which can balance the capacities of non-hub nodes and hub nodes to optimize the data flow. With the optimal value of parameter αc, the maximal network capacity is reached because most of the nodes have shared the appropriate delivery capacity by the proposed delivery capacity allocation strategy. Our work will be beneficial to network service providers to design optimal networked traffic dynamics.

Twelve fundamental life histories evolving through allocation-dependent fecundity and survival.

PubMed

Johansson, Jacob; Brännström, Åke; Metz, Johan A J; Dieckmann, Ulf

2018-03-01

An organism's life history is closely interlinked with its allocation of energy between growth and reproduction at different life stages. Theoretical models have established that diminishing returns from reproductive investment promote strategies with simultaneous investment into growth and reproduction (indeterminate growth) over strategies with distinct phases of growth and reproduction (determinate growth). We extend this traditional, binary classification by showing that allocation-dependent fecundity and mortality rates allow for a large diversity of optimal allocation schedules. By analyzing a model of organisms that allocate energy between growth and reproduction, we find twelve types of optimal allocation schedules, differing qualitatively in how reproductive allocation increases with body mass. These twelve optimal allocation schedules include types with different combinations of continuous and discontinuous increase in reproduction allocation, in which phases of continuous increase can be decelerating or accelerating. We furthermore investigate how this variation influences growth curves and the expected maximum life span and body size. Our study thus reveals new links between eco-physiological constraints and life-history evolution and underscores how allocation-dependent fitness components may underlie biological diversity.

Optimal investment in a portfolio of HIV prevention programs.

PubMed

Zaric, G S; Brandeau, M L

2001-01-01

In this article, the authors determine the optimal allocation of HIV prevention funds and investigate the impact of different allocation methods on health outcomes. The authors present a resource allocation model that can be used to determine the allocation of HIV prevention funds that maximizes quality-adjusted life years (or life years) gained or HIV infections averted in a population over a specified time horizon. They apply the model to determine the allocation of a limited budget among 3 types of HIV prevention programs in a population of injection drug users and nonusers: needle exchange programs, methadone maintenance treatment, and condom availability programs. For each prevention program, the authors estimate a production function that relates the amount invested to the associated change in risky behavior. The authors determine the optimal allocation of funds for both objective functions for a high-prevalence population and a low-prevalence population. They also consider the allocation of funds under several common rules of thumb that are used to allocate HIV prevention resources. It is shown that simpler allocation methods (e.g., allocation based on HIV incidence or notions of equity among population groups) may lead to alloctions that do not yield the maximum health benefit. The optimal allocation of HIV prevention funds in a population depends on HIV prevalence and incidence, the objective function, the production functions for the prevention programs, and other factors. Consideration of cost, equity, and social and political norms may be important when allocating HIV prevention funds. The model presented in this article can help decision makers determine the health consequences of different allocations of funds.

Statistical Power and Optimum Sample Allocation Ratio for Treatment and Control Having Unequal Costs Per Unit of Randomization

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liu, Xiaofeng

2003-01-01

This article considers optimal sample allocation between the treatment and control condition in multilevel designs when the costs per sampling unit vary due to treatment assignment. Optimal unequal allocation may reduce the cost from that of a balanced design without sacrificing any power. The optimum sample allocation ratio depends only on the…

Rate Adaptive Based Resource Allocation with Proportional Fairness Constraints in OFDMA Systems

PubMed Central

Yin, Zhendong; Zhuang, Shufeng; Wu, Zhilu; Ma, Bo

2015-01-01

Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), which is widely used in the wireless sensor networks, allows different users to obtain different subcarriers according to their subchannel gains. Therefore, how to assign subcarriers and power to different users to achieve a high system sum rate is an important research area in OFDMA systems. In this paper, the focus of study is on the rate adaptive (RA) based resource allocation with proportional fairness constraints. Since the resource allocation is a NP-hard and non-convex optimization problem, a new efficient resource allocation algorithm ACO-SPA is proposed, which combines ant colony optimization (ACO) and suboptimal power allocation (SPA). To reduce the computational complexity, the optimization problem of resource allocation in OFDMA systems is separated into two steps. For the first one, the ant colony optimization algorithm is performed to solve the subcarrier allocation. Then, the suboptimal power allocation algorithm is developed with strict proportional fairness, and the algorithm is based on the principle that the sums of power and the reciprocal of channel-to-noise ratio for each user in different subchannels are equal. To support it, plenty of simulation results are presented. In contrast with root-finding and linear methods, the proposed method provides better performance in solving the proportional resource allocation problem in OFDMA systems. PMID:26426016

IMIS: Integrated Maintenance Information System. A maintenance information delivery concept

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vonholle, Joseph C.

1987-01-01

The Integrated Maintenance Information System (IMIS) will optimize the use of available manpower, enhance technical performance, improve training, and reduce the support equipment and documentation needed for deployment. It will serve as the technician's single, integrated source of all the technical information required to perform modern aircraft maintenance.

Dealing with equality and benefit for water allocation in a lake watershed: A Gini-coefficient based stochastic optimization approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dai, C.; Qin, X. S.; Chen, Y.; Guo, H. C.

2018-06-01

A Gini-coefficient based stochastic optimization (GBSO) model was developed by integrating the hydrological model, water balance model, Gini coefficient and chance-constrained programming (CCP) into a general multi-objective optimization modeling framework for supporting water resources allocation at a watershed scale. The framework was advantageous in reflecting the conflicting equity and benefit objectives for water allocation, maintaining the water balance of watershed, and dealing with system uncertainties. GBSO was solved by the non-dominated sorting Genetic Algorithms-II (NSGA-II), after the parameter uncertainties of the hydrological model have been quantified into the probability distribution of runoff as the inputs of CCP model, and the chance constraints were converted to the corresponding deterministic versions. The proposed model was applied to identify the Pareto optimal water allocation schemes in the Lake Dianchi watershed, China. The optimal Pareto-front results reflected the tradeoff between system benefit (αSB) and Gini coefficient (αG) under different significance levels (i.e. q) and different drought scenarios, which reveals the conflicting nature of equity and efficiency in water allocation problems. A lower q generally implies a lower risk of violating the system constraints and a worse drought intensity scenario corresponds to less available water resources, both of which would lead to a decreased system benefit and a less equitable water allocation scheme. Thus, the proposed modeling framework could help obtain the Pareto optimal schemes under complexity and ensure that the proposed water allocation solutions are effective for coping with drought conditions, with a proper tradeoff between system benefit and water allocation equity.

Optimality versus stability in water resource allocation.

PubMed

Read, Laura; Madani, Kaveh; Inanloo, Bahareh

2014-01-15

Water allocation is a growing concern in a developing world where limited resources like fresh water are in greater demand by more parties. Negotiations over allocations often involve multiple groups with disparate social, economic, and political status and needs, who are seeking a management solution for a wide range of demands. Optimization techniques for identifying the Pareto-optimal (social planner solution) to multi-criteria multi-participant problems are commonly implemented, although often reaching agreement for this solution is difficult. In negotiations with multiple-decision makers, parties who base decisions on individual rationality may find the social planner solution to be unfair, thus creating a need to evaluate the willingness to cooperate and practicality of a cooperative allocation solution, i.e., the solution's stability. This paper suggests seeking solutions for multi-participant resource allocation problems through an economics-based power index allocation method. This method can inform on allocation schemes that quantify a party's willingness to participate in a negotiation rather than opt for no agreement. Through comparison of the suggested method with a range of distance-based multi-criteria decision making rules, namely, least squares, MAXIMIN, MINIMAX, and compromise programming, this paper shows that optimality and stability can produce different allocation solutions. The mismatch between the socially-optimal alternative and the most stable alternative can potentially result in parties leaving the negotiation as they may be too dissatisfied with their resource share. This finding has important policy implications as it justifies why stakeholders may not accept the socially optimal solution in practice, and underlies the necessity of considering stability where it may be more appropriate to give up an unstable Pareto-optimal solution for an inferior stable one. Authors suggest assessing the stability of an allocation solution as an additional component to an analysis that seeks to distribute water in a negotiated process. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Applicability and Limitations of Reliability Allocation Methods

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cruz, Jose A.

2016-01-01

Reliability allocation process may be described as the process of assigning reliability requirements to individual components within a system to attain the specified system reliability. For large systems, the allocation process is often performed at different stages of system design. The allocation process often begins at the conceptual stage. As the system design develops, more information about components and the operating environment becomes available, different allocation methods can be considered. Reliability allocation methods are usually divided into two categories: weighting factors and optimal reliability allocation. When properly applied, these methods can produce reasonable approximations. Reliability allocation techniques have limitations and implied assumptions that need to be understood by system engineers. Applying reliability allocation techniques without understanding their limitations and assumptions can produce unrealistic results. This report addresses weighting factors, optimal reliability allocation techniques, and identifies the applicability and limitations of each reliability allocation technique.

Optimal allocation of HIV prevention funds for state health departments.

PubMed

Yaylali, Emine; Farnham, Paul G; Cohen, Stacy; Purcell, David W; Hauck, Heather; Sansom, Stephanie L

2018-01-01

To estimate the optimal allocation of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) HIV prevention funds for health departments in 52 jurisdictions, incorporating Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program funds, to improve outcomes along the HIV care continuum and prevent infections. Using surveillance data from 2010 to 2012 and budgetary data from 2012, we divided the 52 health departments into 5 groups varying by number of persons living with diagnosed HIV (PLWDH), median annual CDC HIV prevention budget, and median annual HRSA expenditures supporting linkage to care, retention in care, and adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Using an optimization and a Bernoulli process model, we solved for the optimal CDC prevention budget allocation for each health department group. The optimal allocation distributed the funds across prevention interventions and populations at risk for HIV to prevent the greatest number of new HIV cases annually. Both the HIV prevention interventions funded by the optimal allocation of CDC HIV prevention funds and the proportions of the budget allocated were similar across health department groups, particularly those representing the large majority of PLWDH. Consistently funded interventions included testing, partner services and linkage to care and interventions for men who have sex with men (MSM). Sensitivity analyses showed that the optimal allocation shifted when there were differences in transmission category proportions and progress along the HIV care continuum. The robustness of the results suggests that most health departments can use these analyses to guide the investment of CDC HIV prevention funds into strategies to prevent the most new cases of HIV.

Optimal allocation of HIV prevention funds for state health departments

PubMed Central

Farnham, Paul G.; Cohen, Stacy; Purcell, David W.; Hauck, Heather; Sansom, Stephanie L.

2018-01-01

Objective To estimate the optimal allocation of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) HIV prevention funds for health departments in 52 jurisdictions, incorporating Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program funds, to improve outcomes along the HIV care continuum and prevent infections. Methods Using surveillance data from 2010 to 2012 and budgetary data from 2012, we divided the 52 health departments into 5 groups varying by number of persons living with diagnosed HIV (PLWDH), median annual CDC HIV prevention budget, and median annual HRSA expenditures supporting linkage to care, retention in care, and adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Using an optimization and a Bernoulli process model, we solved for the optimal CDC prevention budget allocation for each health department group. The optimal allocation distributed the funds across prevention interventions and populations at risk for HIV to prevent the greatest number of new HIV cases annually. Results Both the HIV prevention interventions funded by the optimal allocation of CDC HIV prevention funds and the proportions of the budget allocated were similar across health department groups, particularly those representing the large majority of PLWDH. Consistently funded interventions included testing, partner services and linkage to care and interventions for men who have sex with men (MSM). Sensitivity analyses showed that the optimal allocation shifted when there were differences in transmission category proportions and progress along the HIV care continuum. Conclusion The robustness of the results suggests that most health departments can use these analyses to guide the investment of CDC HIV prevention funds into strategies to prevent the most new cases of HIV. PMID:29768489

Antenna Allocation in MIMO Radar with Widely Separated Antennas for Multi-Target Detection

PubMed Central

Gao, Hao; Wang, Jian; Jiang, Chunxiao; Zhang, Xudong

2014-01-01

In this paper, we explore a new resource called multi-target diversity to optimize the performance of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) radar with widely separated antennas for detecting multiple targets. In particular, we allocate antennas of the MIMO radar to probe different targets simultaneously in a flexible manner based on the performance metric of relative entropy. Two antenna allocation schemes are proposed. In the first scheme, each antenna is allocated to illuminate a proper target over the entire illumination time, so that the detection performance of each target is guaranteed. The problem is formulated as a minimum makespan scheduling problem in the combinatorial optimization framework. Antenna allocation is implemented through a branch-and-bound algorithm and an enhanced factor 2 algorithm. In the second scheme, called antenna-time allocation, each antenna is allocated to illuminate different targets with different illumination time. Both antenna allocation and time allocation are optimized based on illumination probabilities. Over a large range of transmitted power, target fluctuations and target numbers, both of the proposed antenna allocation schemes outperform the scheme without antenna allocation. Moreover, the antenna-time allocation scheme achieves a more robust detection performance than branch-and-bound algorithm and the enhanced factor 2 algorithm when the target number changes. PMID:25350505

Antenna allocation in MIMO radar with widely separated antennas for multi-target detection.

PubMed

Gao, Hao; Wang, Jian; Jiang, Chunxiao; Zhang, Xudong

2014-10-27

In this paper, we explore a new resource called multi-target diversity to optimize the performance of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) radar with widely separated antennas for detecting multiple targets. In particular, we allocate antennas of the MIMO radar to probe different targets simultaneously in a flexible manner based on the performance metric of relative entropy. Two antenna allocation schemes are proposed. In the first scheme, each antenna is allocated to illuminate a proper target over the entire illumination time, so that the detection performance of each target is guaranteed. The problem is formulated as a minimum makespan scheduling problem in the combinatorial optimization framework. Antenna allocation is implemented through a branch-and-bound algorithm and an enhanced factor 2 algorithm. In the second scheme, called antenna-time allocation, each antenna is allocated to illuminate different targets with different illumination time. Both antenna allocation and time allocation are optimized based on illumination probabilities. Over a large range of transmitted power, target fluctuations and target numbers, both of the proposed antenna allocation schemes outperform the scheme without antenna allocation. Moreover, the antenna-time allocation scheme achieves a more robust detection performance than branch-and-bound algorithm and the enhanced factor 2 algorithm when the target number changes.

Optimal allocation model of construction land based on two-level system optimization theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Min; Liu, Yanfang; Xia, Yuping; Lei, Qihong

2007-06-01

The allocation of construction land is an important task in land-use planning. Whether implementation of planning decisions is a success or not, usually depends on a reasonable and scientific distribution method. Considering the constitution of land-use planning system and planning process in China, multiple levels and multiple objective decision problems is its essence. Also, planning quantity decomposition is a two-level system optimization problem and an optimal resource allocation decision problem between a decision-maker in the topper and a number of parallel decision-makers in the lower. According the characteristics of the decision-making process of two-level decision-making system, this paper develops an optimal allocation model of construction land based on two-level linear planning. In order to verify the rationality and the validity of our model, Baoan district of Shenzhen City has been taken as a test case. Under the assistance of the allocation model, construction land is allocated to ten townships of Baoan district. The result obtained from our model is compared to that of traditional method, and results show that our model is reasonable and usable. In the end, the paper points out the shortcomings of the model and further research directions.

Evolutionary Capability Delivery of Coast Guard Manpower System

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-01

Office IID iterative incremental development model IT information technology MA major accomplishment MRA manpower requirements analysis MRD manpower...CG will need to ensure that development is low risk. The CG uses Manpower Requirements Analysis ( MRAs ) to collect the necessary manpower data to...of users. The CG uses two business processes to manage human capital: Manpower Requirements Analysis ( MRA ) and Manpower Requirements

Research Visibility: Manpower Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brandon, George L., Ed.

1969-01-01

Thirteen research reviews in this issue pertain to manpower research organized under these topics: (1) Manpower and Youth, treating youth unemployment and the youth labor market, (2) Manpower Needs, including an analysis of manpower research since World War II, health manpower planning, the shortage of skilled and technical workers, a projection…

Attending Globally or Locally: Incidental Learning of Optimal Visual Attention Allocation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beck, Melissa R.; Goldstein, Rebecca R.; van Lamsweerde, Amanda E.; Ericson, Justin M.

2018-01-01

Attention allocation determines the information that is encoded into memory. Can participants learn to optimally allocate attention based on what types of information are most likely to change? The current study examined whether participants could incidentally learn that changes to either high spatial frequency (HSF) or low spatial frequency (LSF)…

A Goal Programming Optimization Model for The Allocation of Liquid Steel Production

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hapsari, S. N.; Rosyidi, C. N.

2018-03-01

This research was conducted in one of the largest steel companies in Indonesia which has several production units and produces a wide range of steel products. One of the important products in the company is billet steel. The company has four Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) which produces liquid steel which must be procesed further to be billet steel. The billet steel plant needs to make their production process more efficient to increase the productvity. The management has four goals to be achieved and hence the optimal allocation of the liquid steel production is needed to achieve those goals. In this paper, a goal programming optimization model is developed to determine optimal allocation of liquid steel production in each EAF, to satisfy demand in 3 periods and the company goals, namely maximizing the volume of production, minimizing the cost of raw materials, minimizing maintenance costs, maximizing sales revenues, and maximizing production capacity. From the results of optimization, only maximizing production capacity goal can not achieve the target. However, the model developed in this papare can optimally allocate liquid steel so the allocation of production does not exceed the maximum capacity of the machine work hours and maximum production capacity.

Optimization of coupled systems: A critical overview of approaches

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Balling, R. J.; Sobieszczanski-Sobieski, J.

1994-01-01

A unified overview is given of problem formulation approaches for the optimization of multidisciplinary coupled systems. The overview includes six fundamental approaches upon which a large number of variations may be made. Consistent approach names and a compact approach notation are given. The approaches are formulated to apply to general nonhierarchic systems. The approaches are compared both from a computational viewpoint and a managerial viewpoint. Opportunities for parallelism of both computation and manpower resources are discussed. Recommendations regarding the need for future research are advanced.

Optimal Sensor Allocation for Fault Detection and Isolation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Azam, Mohammad; Pattipati, Krishna; Patterson-Hine, Ann

2004-01-01

Automatic fault diagnostic schemes rely on various types of sensors (e.g., temperature, pressure, vibration, etc) to measure the system parameters. Efficacy of a diagnostic scheme is largely dependent on the amount and quality of information available from these sensors. The reliability of sensors, as well as the weight, volume, power, and cost constraints, often makes it impractical to monitor a large number of system parameters. An optimized sensor allocation that maximizes the fault diagnosibility, subject to specified weight, volume, power, and cost constraints is required. Use of optimal sensor allocation strategies during the design phase can ensure better diagnostics at a reduced cost for a system incorporating a high degree of built-in testing. In this paper, we propose an approach that employs multiple fault diagnosis (MFD) and optimization techniques for optimal sensor placement for fault detection and isolation (FDI) in complex systems. Keywords: sensor allocation, multiple fault diagnosis, Lagrangian relaxation, approximate belief revision, multidimensional knapsack problem.

Safety Specialist Manpower, Manpower Resources. Volumes II and III.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Booz Allen and Hamilton, Inc., Washington, DC.

These second and third volumes of a four-volume study of manpower in state highway safety programs over the next decade estimate manpower resources by state and in national aggregate and describe present and planned training programs for safety specialists. For each educational level, both total manpower and manpower actually available for…

A group-based tasks allocation algorithm for the optimization of long leave opportunities in academic departments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eyono Obono, S. D.; Basak, Sujit Kumar

2011-12-01

The general formulation of the assignment problem consists in the optimal allocation of a given set of tasks to a workforce. This problem is covered by existing literature for different domains such as distributed databases, distributed systems, transportation, packets radio networks, IT outsourcing, and teaching allocation. This paper presents a new version of the assignment problem for the allocation of academic tasks to staff members in departments with long leave opportunities. It presents the description of a workload allocation scheme and its algorithm, for the allocation of an equitable number of tasks in academic departments where long leaves are necessary.

A manpower calculus: the implications of SUO fellowship expansion on oncologic surgeon case volumes.

PubMed

See, William A

2014-01-01

Society of Urologic Oncology (SUO)-accredited fellowship programs have undergone substantial expansion. This study developed a mathematical model to estimate future changes in urologic oncologic surgeon (UOS) manpower and analyzed the effect of those changes on per-UOS case volumes. SUO fellowship program directors were queried as to the number of positions available on an annual basis. Current US UOS manpower was estimated from the SUO membership list. Future manpower was estimated on an annual basis by linear senescence of existing manpower combined with linear growth of newly trained surgeons. Case-volume estimates for the 4 surgical disease sites (prostate, kidney/renal pelvis, bladder, and testes) were obtained from the literature. The future number of major cases was determined from current volumes based upon the US population growth rates and the historic average annual change in disease incidence. Two models were used to predict future per-UOS major case volumes. Model 1 assumed the current distribution of cases between nononcologic surgeons and UOS would continue. Model 2 assumed a progressive redistribution of cases over time such that in 2043 100% of major urologic cancer cases would be performed by UOSs. Over the 30-year period to "manpower steady-state" SUO-accredited UOSs practicing in the United States have the potential to increase from approximately 600 currently to 1,650 in 2043. During this interval, case volumes are predicted to change 0.97-, 2.4-, 1.1-, and 1.5-fold for prostatectomy, nephrectomy, cystectomy, and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, respectively. The ratio of future to current total annual case volumes is predicted to be 0.47 and 0.9 for models 1 and 2, respectively. The number of annual US practicing graduates necessary to achieve a future to current case-volume ratio greater than 1 is 25 and 49 in models 1 and 2, respectively. The current number of SUO fellowship trainees has the potential to decrease future per-UOS case volumes relative to current levels. Redistribution of existing case volume or a decrease in the annual number of trainees or both would be required to insure sufficient surgical volumes for skill maintenance and optimal patient outcomes. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Solving the optimal attention allocation problem in manual control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kleinman, D. L.

1976-01-01

Within the context of the optimal control model of human response, analytic expressions for the gradients of closed-loop performance metrics with respect to human operator attention allocation are derived. These derivatives serve as the basis for a gradient algorithm that determines the optimal attention that a human should allocate among several display indicators in a steady-state manual control task. Application of the human modeling techniques are made to study the hover control task for a CH-46 VTOL flight tested by NASA.

[Designing dental manpower index to evaluate dental manpower resources].

PubMed

Li, Gang; Ni, Zong-zan

2004-06-01

The purpose of this investigation is to find out a method to evaluate dental manpower resources. We selected population, GDP, number of dentist and number of different oral health professionals from certain internet stations, published books and journals from 1996 to 2000 as our investigating data. Data was collected from 100 countries. Our investigation found that the design of dental manpower index to evaluate dental manpower resources was effective and convenient. Dental manpower index is a good method to evaluate dental manpower resources.

Stochastic Averaging for Constrained Optimization With Application to Online Resource Allocation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Tianyi; Mokhtari, Aryan; Wang, Xin; Ribeiro, Alejandro; Giannakis, Georgios B.

2017-06-01

Existing approaches to resource allocation for nowadays stochastic networks are challenged to meet fast convergence and tolerable delay requirements. The present paper leverages online learning advances to facilitate stochastic resource allocation tasks. By recognizing the central role of Lagrange multipliers, the underlying constrained optimization problem is formulated as a machine learning task involving both training and operational modes, with the goal of learning the sought multipliers in a fast and efficient manner. To this end, an order-optimal offline learning approach is developed first for batch training, and it is then generalized to the online setting with a procedure termed learn-and-adapt. The novel resource allocation protocol permeates benefits of stochastic approximation and statistical learning to obtain low-complexity online updates with learning errors close to the statistical accuracy limits, while still preserving adaptation performance, which in the stochastic network optimization context guarantees queue stability. Analysis and simulated tests demonstrate that the proposed data-driven approach improves the delay and convergence performance of existing resource allocation schemes.

The National Manpower Survey of the Criminal Justice System. Volume Six: Criminal Justice Manpower Planning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Planning Association, Washington, DC.

Focusing on data needs and methods for manpower planning and manpower projections, this document is one in a series of six volumes reporting the results of the National Manpower Survey (NMS) of the Criminal Justice System. Chapter 1 of five chapters discusses the role and objectives of criminal justice manpower planning at different levels of…

Evaluation of nurses' workload in intensive care unit of a tertiary care university hospital in relation to the patients' severity of illness: A prospective study.

PubMed

Kraljic, Snjezana; Zuvic, Marta; Desa, Kristian; Blagaic, Ana; Sotosek, Vlatka; Antoncic, Dragana; Likic, Robert

2017-11-01

Costs of intensive care reach up to 30% of the hospital budget with workforce expenses being substantial. Determining proper nurse-patient ratio is necessary for optimizing patients' health related outcomes and hospitals' cost effective functioning. To evaluate nurses' workload using Nine Equivalents of Nursing Manpower Use Score and Nursing Activities Score scoring systems while assessing correlation between both scores and the severity of illness measured by Simplified Acute Physiology Score II. A Prospective study SETTINGS: Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit of the Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Croatia, from October 2014 to February 2015. This Intensive Care Unit has 3 beds that can be expanded upon need. The study included 99 patients treated at this Unit during the study's period. The scores were obtained by 6 nurses, working in 12h shifts. Measurements were obtained for each patient 24h after admission and subsequently twice a day, at the end of the day shift (7pm) and at the end of the night shift (7 am). The necessary data were obtained from the patient's medical records. Nursing Activities Score showed significantly higher number of nurses are required for one 12h shift (Z=3.76, p<0.001). Higher scores were obtained on day shifts vs. night shifts. (Nursing Manpower Use Score, z=3.25, p<0.001; Nursing Activities Score, z=4.16, p<0.001). When comparing Nursing Activities Score and Nursing Manpower Use Score during the week, we calculated higher required number of nurses on weekdays than on weekends and holidays, (Nursing Manpower Use Score, p<0.001; Nursing Activities Score, p<0.001). Correlation analysis of Nursing Activities Score and Nursing Manpower Use Score with Simplified Acute Physiology Score II has shown that Nursing Manpower Use Score positively associated with severity of disease, while Nursing Activities Score shows no association. Both scores can be used to estimate required number of nurses in 12-h shifts, although Nursing Activities Score seems more suitable for units with prolonged length of stay, while Nursing Manpower Use Score appears better for units with shorter duration of stay (up to four days). Higher workload measured by Nursing Manpower Use Score scale can be predicted with higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II. However, with low Simplified Acute Physiology Score II scores it cannot be assumed that the nursing workload will also be low. Further research is needed to determine the best tool to asses nursing workload in intensive care units. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Allocation of resources for ambulatory care -a staffing model for outpatient clinics.

PubMed Central

Mansdorf, B D

1975-01-01

The enormous commitment of resources to ambulatory health care services requires that flexible and easily implementable management techniques be developed to improve the allocation of health manpower and funds. This article develops a feasible model for staffing outpatient clinics and thereby potentially provides an important analytical tool for allocating and monitoring the utilization of the most critical and expensive of ambulatory care resources-professional and nonprofessional clinic personnel. The model is simplistic, extremely flexible, and can be applied to many modes of delivering ambulatory care-from HMOs to traditional hospital outpatient clinics. To employ the model, certain decision variables must be specified so that the model can produce a least-cost staffing configuration to meet the demand for service in accordance with the desired mode and intensity of care. The key decision varables that require input from administrators and medical personnel include standards for physician-patient contact time, a desired ratio of staff time actually spent treating patients to total paid staff time, and the desired mix of various staff categories to achieve program objectives. Specific benefits of using the model include determining staffing for new, expanded, or existing outpatient clinics, determining budget requirements for such staffing needs, and providing quantitative productivity and utilization objectives and measurements. PMID:809787

According to need? Predicting the amount of municipal home help allocated to elderly recipients in an urban area of Sweden.

PubMed

Meinow, Bettina; Kåreholt, Ingemar; Lagergren, Mårten

2005-07-01

Given the cutbacks which have been carried out in the Swedish welfare state despite the unchanged official policy of allocation of home help services according to needs, it is essential to evaluate the factors which guide the allocation of home help today. Whereas numerous studies have identified factors which predict entry into the home help system, the present paper concentrates on predictors of the amount of home help amongst those allocated assistance. Data were obtained from the population-based care and services section of the 2002 Swedish National Study of Aging and Care-Kungsholmen (SNAC-K). All home help recipients (> or = 65 years of age) living in an inner city district of Stockholm (Kungsholmen) were analysed with ordinary least squares regressions to identify predictors of the number of hours of home help (n = 943). Need indicators, i.e. dependency in activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental ADLs (IADLs), and cognitive impairment (Berger scale) were the strongest predictors of more hours of home help. The addition of sociodemographic (i.e. age, gender and income), environmental (i.e. informal care, housing adaptations and housing accessibility) and structural (i.e. variations in allocation decisions between one care manager and another) factors contributed only marginally to the explained variance. Hours of help entitlement increased slightly with greater age. Co-residing individuals were allocated significantly fewer home help hours than those living alone. Income and regular access to informal care were not significant predictors. The fact that services are provided according to need criteria does not necessarily mean that the provided services are adequate to meet needs. On the macro level, social policy decisions and available economic and manpower resources determine the allotment of municipal home help. However, this study in an urban sample suggests that, within the available resources, the amount of home help allocated is guided mainly by need indicators amongst those given assistance.

Optimizing Utilization of Detectors

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-01

provide a quantifiable process to determine how much time should be allocated to each task sharing the same asset . This optimized expected time... allocation is calculated by numerical analysis and Monte Carlo simulation. Numerical analysis determines the expectation by involving an integral and...determines the optimum time allocation of the asset by repeatedly running experiments to approximate the expectation of the random variables. This

Investigation of Optimal Control Allocation for Gust Load Alleviation in Flight Control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Frost, Susan A.; Taylor, Brian R.; Bodson, Marc

2012-01-01

Advances in sensors and avionics computation power suggest real-time structural load measurements could be used in flight control systems for improved safety and performance. A conventional transport flight control system determines the moments necessary to meet the pilot's command, while rejecting disturbances and maintaining stability of the aircraft. Control allocation is the problem of converting these desired moments into control effector commands. In this paper, a framework is proposed to incorporate real-time structural load feedback and structural load constraints in the control allocator. Constrained optimal control allocation can be used to achieve desired moments without exceeding specified limits on monitored load points. Minimization of structural loads by the control allocator is used to alleviate gust loads. The framework to incorporate structural loads in the flight control system and an optimal control allocation algorithm will be described and then demonstrated on a nonlinear simulation of a generic transport aircraft with flight dynamics and static structural loads.

Distortion outage minimization in Nakagami fading using limited feedback

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Chih-Hong; Dey, Subhrakanti

2011-12-01

We focus on a decentralized estimation problem via a clustered wireless sensor network measuring a random Gaussian source where the clusterheads amplify and forward their received signals (from the intra-cluster sensors) over orthogonal independent stationary Nakagami fading channels to a remote fusion center that reconstructs an estimate of the original source. The objective of this paper is to design clusterhead transmit power allocation policies to minimize the distortion outage probability at the fusion center, subject to an expected sum transmit power constraint. In the case when full channel state information (CSI) is available at the clusterhead transmitters, the optimization problem can be shown to be convex and is solved exactly. When only rate-limited channel feedback is available, we design a number of computationally efficient sub-optimal power allocation algorithms to solve the associated non-convex optimization problem. We also derive an approximation for the diversity order of the distortion outage probability in the limit when the average transmission power goes to infinity. Numerical results illustrate that the sub-optimal power allocation algorithms perform very well and can close the outage probability gap between the constant power allocation (no CSI) and full CSI-based optimal power allocation with only 3-4 bits of channel feedback.

Planning Framework for Mesolevel Optimization of Urban Runoff Control Schemes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhou, Qianqian; Blohm, Andrew; Liu, Bo

A planning framework is developed to optimize runoff control schemes at scales relevant for regional planning at an early stage. The framework employs less sophisticated modeling approaches to allow a practical application in developing regions with limited data sources and computing capability. The methodology contains three interrelated modules: (1)the geographic information system (GIS)-based hydrological module, which aims at assessing local hydrological constraints and potential for runoff control according to regional land-use descriptions; (2)the grading module, which is built upon the method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. It is used to establish a priority ranking system to assist the allocation of runoffmore » control targets at the subdivision level; and (3)the genetic algorithm-based optimization module, which is included to derive Pareto-based optimal solutions for mesolevel allocation with multiple competing objectives. The optimization approach describes the trade-off between different allocation plans and simultaneously ensures that all allocation schemes satisfy the minimum requirement on runoff control. Our results highlight the importance of considering the mesolevel allocation strategy in addition to measures at macrolevels and microlevels in urban runoff management. (C) 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.« less

Optimal dynamic water allocation: Irrigation extractions and environmental tradeoffs in the Murray River, Australia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grafton, R. Quentin; Chu, Hoang Long; Stewardson, Michael; Kompas, Tom

2011-12-01

A key challenge in managing semiarid basins, such as in the Murray-Darling in Australia, is to balance the trade-offs between the net benefits of allocating water for irrigated agriculture, and other uses, versus the costs of reduced surface flows for the environment. Typically, water planners do not have the tools to optimally and dynamically allocate water among competing uses. We address this problem by developing a general stochastic, dynamic programming model with four state variables (the drought status, the current weather, weather correlation, and current storage) and two controls (environmental release and irrigation allocation) to optimally allocate water between extractions and in situ uses. The model is calibrated to Australia's Murray River that generates: (1) a robust qualitative result that "pulse" or artificial flood events are an optimal way to deliver environmental flows over and above conveyance of base flows; (2) from 2001 to 2009 a water reallocation that would have given less to irrigated agriculture and more to environmental flows would have generated between half a billion and over 3 billion U.S. dollars in overall economic benefits; and (3) water markets increase optimal environmental releases by reducing the losses associated with reduced water diversions.

Optimal Resource Allocation in Library Systems

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rouse, William B.

1975-01-01

Queueing theory is used to model processes as either waiting or balking processes. The optimal allocation of resources to these processes is defined as that which maximizes the expected value of the decision-maker's utility function. (Author)

Optimizing 4DCBCT projection allocation to respiratory bins.

PubMed

O'Brien, Ricky T; Kipritidis, John; Shieh, Chun-Chien; Keall, Paul J

2014-10-07

4D cone beam computed tomography (4DCBCT) is an emerging image guidance strategy used in radiotherapy where projections acquired during a scan are sorted into respiratory bins based on the respiratory phase or displacement. 4DCBCT reduces the motion blur caused by respiratory motion but increases streaking artefacts due to projection under-sampling as a result of the irregular nature of patient breathing and the binning algorithms used. For displacement binning the streak artefacts are so severe that displacement binning is rarely used clinically. The purpose of this study is to investigate if sharing projections between respiratory bins and adjusting the location of respiratory bins in an optimal manner can reduce or eliminate streak artefacts in 4DCBCT images. We introduce a mathematical optimization framework and a heuristic solution method, which we will call the optimized projection allocation algorithm, to determine where to position the respiratory bins and which projections to source from neighbouring respiratory bins. Five 4DCBCT datasets from three patients were used to reconstruct 4DCBCT images. Projections were sorted into respiratory bins using equispaced, equal density and optimized projection allocation. The standard deviation of the angular separation between projections was used to assess streaking and the consistency of the segmented volume of a fiducial gold marker was used to assess motion blur. The standard deviation of the angular separation between projections using displacement binning and optimized projection allocation was 30%-50% smaller than conventional phase based binning and 59%-76% smaller than conventional displacement binning indicating more uniformly spaced projections and fewer streaking artefacts. The standard deviation in the marker volume was 20%-90% smaller when using optimized projection allocation than using conventional phase based binning suggesting more uniform marker segmentation and less motion blur. Images reconstructed using displacement binning and the optimized projection allocation algorithm were clearer, contained visibly fewer streak artefacts and produced more consistent marker segmentation than those reconstructed with either equispaced or equal-density binning. The optimized projection allocation algorithm significantly improves image quality in 4DCBCT images and provides, for the first time, a method to consistently generate high quality displacement binned 4DCBCT images in clinical applications.

Optimal Computing Budget Allocation for Particle Swarm Optimization in Stochastic Optimization.

PubMed

Zhang, Si; Xu, Jie; Lee, Loo Hay; Chew, Ek Peng; Wong, Wai Peng; Chen, Chun-Hung

2017-04-01

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a popular metaheuristic for deterministic optimization. Originated in the interpretations of the movement of individuals in a bird flock or fish school, PSO introduces the concept of personal best and global best to simulate the pattern of searching for food by flocking and successfully translate the natural phenomena to the optimization of complex functions. Many real-life applications of PSO cope with stochastic problems. To solve a stochastic problem using PSO, a straightforward approach is to equally allocate computational effort among all particles and obtain the same number of samples of fitness values. This is not an efficient use of computational budget and leaves considerable room for improvement. This paper proposes a seamless integration of the concept of optimal computing budget allocation (OCBA) into PSO to improve the computational efficiency of PSO for stochastic optimization problems. We derive an asymptotically optimal allocation rule to intelligently determine the number of samples for all particles such that the PSO algorithm can efficiently select the personal best and global best when there is stochastic estimation noise in fitness values. We also propose an easy-to-implement sequential procedure. Numerical tests show that our new approach can obtain much better results using the same amount of computational effort.

Optimal Computing Budget Allocation for Particle Swarm Optimization in Stochastic Optimization

PubMed Central

Zhang, Si; Xu, Jie; Lee, Loo Hay; Chew, Ek Peng; Chen, Chun-Hung

2017-01-01

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a popular metaheuristic for deterministic optimization. Originated in the interpretations of the movement of individuals in a bird flock or fish school, PSO introduces the concept of personal best and global best to simulate the pattern of searching for food by flocking and successfully translate the natural phenomena to the optimization of complex functions. Many real-life applications of PSO cope with stochastic problems. To solve a stochastic problem using PSO, a straightforward approach is to equally allocate computational effort among all particles and obtain the same number of samples of fitness values. This is not an efficient use of computational budget and leaves considerable room for improvement. This paper proposes a seamless integration of the concept of optimal computing budget allocation (OCBA) into PSO to improve the computational efficiency of PSO for stochastic optimization problems. We derive an asymptotically optimal allocation rule to intelligently determine the number of samples for all particles such that the PSO algorithm can efficiently select the personal best and global best when there is stochastic estimation noise in fitness values. We also propose an easy-to-implement sequential procedure. Numerical tests show that our new approach can obtain much better results using the same amount of computational effort. PMID:29170617

Improved ant colony optimization for optimal crop and irrigation water allocation by incorporating domain knowledge

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

An improved ant colony optimization (ACO) formulation for the allocation of crops and water to different irrigation areas is developed. The formulation enables dynamic adjustment of decision variable options and makes use of visibility factors (VFs, the domain knowledge that can be used to identify ...

Manpower Education in a Growing Economy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Darcy, Robert L.; Powell, Phillip E.

This publication provides an introduction to manpower education and presents a summary report on a 2-year res"arch and curriculum development project for manpower and economic education at the junior high school level. The introduction includes "The Meaning of Manpower Education" and "Major Themes for A Manpower Education Course" which outlines…

Manpower Planning: A Research Bibliography and Supplement. Bulletin 45 and Supplement I.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Keaveny, Timothy J.; Herman, Georgianna

This bibliography is composed of 260 citations ranging in date from 1942 to 1967, but emphasizing the 1960 to 1967 period. Listings are arranged alphabetically according to author under the general divisions of Introduction to Manpower Planning, Aggregate Manpower Planning, Disaggregate Manpower Planning, Foreign Manpower Planning, Manpower…

Optimal allocation of land and water resources to achieve Water, Energy and Food Security in the upper Blue Nile basin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Allam, M.; Eltahir, E. A. B.

2017-12-01

Rapid population growth, hunger problems, increasing energy demands, persistent conflicts between the Nile basin riparian countries and the potential impacts of climate change highlight the urgent need for the conscious stewardship of the upper Blue Nile (UBN) basin resources. This study develops a framework for the optimal allocation of land and water resources to agriculture and hydropower production in the UBN basin. The framework consists of three optimization models that aim to: (a) provide accurate estimates of the basin water budget, (b) allocate land and water resources optimally to agriculture, and (c) allocate water to agriculture and hydropower production, and investigate trade-offs between them. First, a data assimilation procedure for data-scarce basins is proposed to deal with data limitations and produce estimates of the hydrologic components that are consistent with the principles of mass and energy conservation. Second, the most representative topography and soil properties datasets are objectively identified and used to delineate the agricultural potential in the basin. The agricultural potential is incorporated into a land-water allocation model that maximizes the net economic benefits from rain-fed agriculture while allowing for enhancing the soils from one suitability class to another to increase agricultural productivity in return for an investment in soil inputs. The optimal agricultural expansion is expected to reduce the basin flow by 7.6 cubic kilometres, impacting downstream countries. The optimization framework is expanded to include hydropower production. This study finds that allocating water to grow rain-fed teff in the basin is more profitable than allocating water for hydropower production. Optimal operation rules for the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance dam (GERD) are identified to maximize annual hydropower generation while achieving a relatively uniform monthly production rate. Trade-offs between agricultural expansion and hydropower generation are analysed in an attempt to define cooperation scenarios that would achieve win-win outcomes for all riparian countries.

Manpower Trends in Czechoslovakia: 1950 to 1990.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Elias, Andrew

This report, one of a series of manpower studies, presents various series of data on the manpower of Czechoslovakia, especially for the years 1950-70, and two projections of the economically active population for the years 1971-90. The different measures are defined, the population base, manpower trends, and the general manpower situation are…

Cross-layer Joint Relay Selection and Power Allocation Scheme for Cooperative Relaying System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhi, Hui; He, Mengmeng; Wang, Feiyue; Huang, Ziju

2018-03-01

A novel cross-layer joint relay selection and power allocation (CL-JRSPA) scheme over physical layer and data-link layer is proposed for cooperative relaying system in this paper. Our goal is finding the optimal relay selection and power allocation scheme to maximize system achievable rate when satisfying total transmit power constraint in physical layer and statistical delay quality-of-service (QoS) demand in data-link layer. Using the concept of effective capacity (EC), our goal can be formulated into an optimal joint relay selection and power allocation (JRSPA) problem to maximize the EC when satisfying total transmit power limitation. We first solving optimal power allocation (PA) problem with Lagrange multiplier approach, and then solving optimal relay selection (RS) problem. Simulation results demonstrate that CL-JRSPA scheme gets larger EC than other schemes when satisfying delay QoS demand. In addition, the proposed CL-JRSPA scheme achieves the maximal EC when relay located approximately halfway between source and destination, and EC becomes smaller when the QoS exponent becomes larger.

Robust allocation of a defensive budget considering an attacker's private information.

PubMed

Nikoofal, Mohammad E; Zhuang, Jun

2012-05-01

Attackers' private information is one of the main issues in defensive resource allocation games in homeland security. The outcome of a defense resource allocation decision critically depends on the accuracy of estimations about the attacker's attributes. However, terrorists' goals may be unknown to the defender, necessitating robust decisions by the defender. This article develops a robust-optimization game-theoretical model for identifying optimal defense resource allocation strategies for a rational defender facing a strategic attacker while the attacker's valuation of targets, being the most critical attribute of the attacker, is unknown but belongs to bounded distribution-free intervals. To our best knowledge, no previous research has applied robust optimization in homeland security resource allocation when uncertainty is defined in bounded distribution-free intervals. The key features of our model include (1) modeling uncertainty in attackers' attributes, where uncertainty is characterized by bounded intervals; (2) finding the robust-optimization equilibrium for the defender using concepts dealing with budget of uncertainty and price of robustness; and (3) applying the proposed model to real data. © 2011 Society for Risk Analysis.

Health Manpower Statistics, Fiscal Year 1985.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-01-01

Professional Health Manpower Personnel by Discipline and Sex .................................................................................... 3 Figure 1...Professional Health Manpower Personnel by Discipline and Sex .................................................................................... 6...Figure 2 - Professional Health Manpower Personnel by Military Department and Sex

Optimizing Marine Corps Personnel Assignments Using an Integer Programming Model

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-12-01

Corps. vi THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK vii TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ...throughout our careers. xvi THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 1 I. INTRODUCTION The Marine Corps Manpower and Reserve Affairs (M&RA) office has the...2012 BAH Rates-with Dependents. Defense Travel Mangement Office. (2011, December). 2012 BAH Rates-without Dependents. M ileage C ost 1 Per D iem

Conditional Optimal Design in Three- and Four-Level Experiments

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hedges, Larry V.; Borenstein, Michael

2014-01-01

The precision of estimates of treatment effects in multilevel experiments depends on the sample sizes chosen at each level. It is often desirable to choose sample sizes at each level to obtain the smallest variance for a fixed total cost, that is, to obtain optimal sample allocation. This article extends previous results on optimal allocation to…

Optimal Control of Micro Grid Operation Mode Seamless Switching Based on Radau Allocation Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Xiaomin; Wang, Gang

2017-05-01

The seamless switching process of micro grid operation mode directly affects the safety and stability of its operation. According to the switching process from island mode to grid-connected mode of micro grid, we establish a dynamic optimization model based on two grid-connected inverters. We use Radau allocation method to discretize the model, and use Newton iteration method to obtain the optimal solution. Finally, we implement the optimization mode in MATLAB and get the optimal control trajectory of the inverters.

Work Force Adjustments in Private Industry. Their Implications for Manpower Policy. Manpower Automation Research Monograph No. 7.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Manpower Administration (DOL), Washington, DC.

The first part of this monograph represents the proceedings of a 1-day conference of manpower analysts on the processes by which private industry meets changing manpower requirements and the implications of these work force adjustments for manpower policy. The second part consists of the report on which the conference discussion was based. The…

Navy Manpower Planning

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-03-31

requirements based on valid, approved workload. • Link peacetime and mobilization manpower requirements. 16 Moreover, the purpose of the SMRD is to... research and policy; energy and environment; manpower management; acquisition and cost; infrastructure; and military readiness . CPP-2017 -U-015038-Final...CNA ANALYSIS & SOLUTIONS 31st March 2017 Subject: NAVY MANPOWER PLANNING MONOGRAPH Navy manpower planning is a rich and complex topic that has a

The Modeling of Factors That Influence Coast Guard Manpower Requirements

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-01

applications, and common data warehouses needed to fully develop an effective and efficient manpower requirements engineering and management program. The... manpower requirements determination ensures a ready force, and safe and effective mission execution. Shortage or excess of manpower is the catalyst...FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE COAST GUARD MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS by Kara M. Lavin December 2014 Thesis Advisor: Ronald E. Giachetti Co-Advisor

Strengthening Manpower Programs for Spanish-Speaking Americans. Report of the Department of Labor Study Group on Manpower Needs of Spanish-Speaking Americans.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thompson, Lewin, and Associates, Inc., Washington, DC.

This report summarizes the findings and recommendations of a study conducted cooperatively by a management consulting firm and a team of Spanish-speaking manpower specialists. Basic issues explored were: (1) What are the manpower needs of Spanish-speaking Americans, (2) How are manpower programs meeting the needs at present, and (3) What action…

Reexamining European Manpower Policies. A Report on a Conference Sponsored by the National Commission for Manpower Policy in Hanzinelle, Belgium, June 1976. Special Report No. 10.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Commission for Manpower Policy, Washington, DC.

The conference reported here was held to bring together European manpower experts and United States representatives to discuss European manpower programs and policies developed and expanded as a result of the 1974-1976 recession and recovery, and methods for coordinating manpower and general economic policies. This report contains a list of the…

Stochastic resource allocation in emergency departments with a multi-objective simulation optimization algorithm.

PubMed

Feng, Yen-Yi; Wu, I-Chin; Chen, Tzu-Li

2017-03-01

The number of emergency cases or emergency room visits rapidly increases annually, thus leading to an imbalance in supply and demand and to the long-term overcrowding of hospital emergency departments (EDs). However, current solutions to increase medical resources and improve the handling of patient needs are either impractical or infeasible in the Taiwanese environment. Therefore, EDs must optimize resource allocation given limited medical resources to minimize the average length of stay of patients and medical resource waste costs. This study constructs a multi-objective mathematical model for medical resource allocation in EDs in accordance with emergency flow or procedure. The proposed mathematical model is complex and difficult to solve because its performance value is stochastic; furthermore, the model considers both objectives simultaneously. Thus, this study develops a multi-objective simulation optimization algorithm by integrating a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA II) with multi-objective computing budget allocation (MOCBA) to address the challenges of multi-objective medical resource allocation. NSGA II is used to investigate plausible solutions for medical resource allocation, and MOCBA identifies effective sets of feasible Pareto (non-dominated) medical resource allocation solutions in addition to effectively allocating simulation or computation budgets. The discrete event simulation model of ED flow is inspired by a Taiwan hospital case and is constructed to estimate the expected performance values of each medical allocation solution as obtained through NSGA II. Finally, computational experiments are performed to verify the effectiveness and performance of the integrated NSGA II and MOCBA method, as well as to derive non-dominated medical resource allocation solutions from the algorithms.

Manpower Policy and Programmes in Canada. Reviews of Manpower and Social Policies No. 4.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris (France).

This report describes the Canadian labor force and economic climate, and the employment and manpower policies which comprise Canada's active manpower policy. Expanded programs for vocational and technical training are recommended, especially for unemployed youth. (BH)

Allied Health Manpower Development: An Innovative Approach.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lugenbeel, Archie G.

1980-01-01

Health care delivery and manpower shortages continually plague rural communities in the United States. This article presents the results of a Rural Allied Health Manpower Project (RAHMP) implemented in Southern Illinois. RAHMP has effectively reduced the health care manpower deficiencies in 31 counties. (CT)

Optimal co-allocation of carbon and nitrogen in a forest stand at steady state

Treesearch

Annikki Makela; Harry T. Valentine; Helja-Sisko Helmisaari

2008-01-01

Nitrogen (N) is essential for plant production, but N uptake imposes carbon (C) costs through maintenance respiration and fine-root construction, suggesting that an optimal C:N balance can be found. Previous studies have elaborated this optimum under exponential growth; work on closed canopies has focused on foliage only. Here, the optimal co-allocation of C and N to...

Initial Effects of Heavy Vehicle Trafficking on Vegetated Soils

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-08-01

ER D C/ CR R EL T R -1 2 -6 Optimal Allocation of Land for Training and Non-training Uses ( OPAL ) Initial Effects of Heavy Vehicle...the outdoor loam test section. Optimal Allocation of Land for Training and Non-training Uses ( OPAL ) ERDC/CRREL TR-12-6 August 2012 Initial...mal Allocation of Land for Training and Non-Training Uses ( OPAL ) Pro- gram. The work was conducted by Nicole Buck and Sally Shoop of the Force

Development a heuristic method to locate and allocate the medical centers to minimize the earthquake relief operation time.

PubMed

Aghamohammadi, Hossein; Saadi Mesgari, Mohammad; Molaei, Damoon; Aghamohammadi, Hasan

2013-01-01

Location-allocation is a combinatorial optimization problem, and is defined as Non deterministic Polynomial Hard (NP) hard optimization. Therefore, solution of such a problem should be shifted from exact to heuristic or Meta heuristic due to the complexity of the problem. Locating medical centers and allocating injuries of an earthquake to them has high importance in earthquake disaster management so that developing a proper method will reduce the time of relief operation and will consequently decrease the number of fatalities. This paper presents the development of a heuristic method based on two nested genetic algorithms to optimize this location allocation problem by using the abilities of Geographic Information System (GIS). In the proposed method, outer genetic algorithm is applied to the location part of the problem and inner genetic algorithm is used to optimize the resource allocation. The final outcome of implemented method includes the spatial location of new required medical centers. The method also calculates that how many of the injuries at each demanding point should be taken to any of the existing and new medical centers as well. The results of proposed method showed high performance of designed structure to solve a capacitated location-allocation problem that may arise in a disaster situation when injured people has to be taken to medical centers in a reasonable time.

Analysis of manpower and career characteristics of nurse anesthetists in Taiwan: results of a cross-sectional survey of 113 institutes.

PubMed

Dai, Wen-Jan; Chao, Yi-Fang; Kuo, Chien-Ju; Liang, Kuei-Min; Chen, Ta-Liang

2009-12-01

Manpower and the quality of nurse anesthetists (NA) have become critical concerns in Taiwan over the past few decades because of increasing clinical demand and the supervision of NAs by anesthesiologists. To understand manpower distribution, clinical load, job description and limitations, and job satisfaction of NAs, we conducted a cross-sectional survey in Taiwan in 2005. The structure of the questionnaire was initially developed by a drafting group that included members of the Taiwan Society of Anesthesiologists and the Taiwan Association of Nurse Anesthetists. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated by specialists. The survey contained questions regarding the demographic characteristics of manpower (anesthesiologist/NA ratio), clinical work load, present job roles, professional expectations, job satisfaction, and reasons for career transfer. The questionnaires were mailed to the superintendents or matrons of NAs, and the administrators of anesthesiology departments across 228 institutions with different accreditation levels and 1953 NA staff between February 1 and December 31, 2005. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire for the department chief and anesthesiology nursing staff was 0.8 and 0.7, respectively. Questionnaires were returned by 113 executives (39 anesthesiology department directors, 74 NA superintendents or matrons) with a response rate of 49.6%, and from 1452 NAs with a response rate of 74.3%. The average clinical load (2002-2004) for the anesthesiologists was 1500-1700 cases/year and 350-380 cases/year for the NAs. The manpower ratio of attending anesthesiologists to NAs was 1:4.3, while the medical centers held the highest ratio. The job stipulation for NAs in Taiwan was compatible with that in the United States and there was a high consistency of opinions between the directors and NA superintendents or matrons. The average rate of career transfer was relatively low (5.5%). From the executives' view, the concerns regarding management of NAs included limited staff capacity, recruiting difficulty, shortage of staff and undefined roles for NAs. On the other hand, NAs showed relatively high job satisfaction and work acceptance and a lower turnover rate in comparison with the general nursing staff. This study represents the first large-scale assessment of the distribution, clinical load, and job satisfaction for NAs in Taiwan. The roles of NAs, which include preoperative preliminary preparation and postoperative intensive care, need to be more well-defined. To improve the quality of NAs and anesthetic care in Taiwan, it is vital to establish an official accreditation system and formal education programs, to institute well-defined and standardized job descriptions, and to improve resource allocation for NAs.

Optimizing Irrigation Water Allocation under Multiple Sources of Uncertainty in an Arid River Basin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wei, Y.; Tang, D.; Gao, H.; Ding, Y.

2015-12-01

Population growth and climate change add additional pressures affecting water resources management strategies for meeting demands from different economic sectors. It is especially challenging in arid regions where fresh water is limited. For instance, in the Tailanhe River Basin (Xinjiang, China), a compromise must be made between water suppliers and users during drought years. This study presents a multi-objective irrigation water allocation model to cope with water scarcity in arid river basins. To deal with the uncertainties from multiple sources in the water allocation system (e.g., variations of available water amount, crop yield, crop prices, and water price), the model employs a interval linear programming approach. The multi-objective optimization model developed from this study is characterized by integrating eco-system service theory into water-saving measures. For evaluation purposes, the model is used to construct an optimal allocation system for irrigation areas fed by the Tailan River (Xinjiang Province, China). The objective functions to be optimized are formulated based on these irrigation areas' economic, social, and ecological benefits. The optimal irrigation water allocation plans are made under different hydroclimate conditions (wet year, normal year, and dry year), with multiple sources of uncertainty represented. The modeling tool and results are valuable for advising decision making by the local water authority—and the agricultural community—especially on measures for coping with water scarcity (by incorporating uncertain factors associated with crop production planning).

An intelligent allocation algorithm for parallel processing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Carroll, Chester C.; Homaifar, Abdollah; Ananthram, Kishan G.

1988-01-01

The problem of allocating nodes of a program graph to processors in a parallel processing architecture is considered. The algorithm is based on critical path analysis, some allocation heuristics, and the execution granularity of nodes in a program graph. These factors, and the structure of interprocessor communication network, influence the allocation. To achieve realistic estimations of the executive durations of allocations, the algorithm considers the fact that nodes in a program graph have to communicate through varying numbers of tokens. Coarse and fine granularities have been implemented, with interprocessor token-communication duration, varying from zero up to values comparable to the execution durations of individual nodes. The effect on allocation of communication network structures is demonstrated by performing allocations for crossbar (non-blocking) and star (blocking) networks. The algorithm assumes the availability of as many processors as it needs for the optimal allocation of any program graph. Hence, the focus of allocation has been on varying token-communication durations rather than varying the number of processors. The algorithm always utilizes as many processors as necessary for the optimal allocation of any program graph, depending upon granularity and characteristics of the interprocessor communication network.

Position Papers on Bilingual Bicultural Educational Manpower Development.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Montal Educational Associates, San Fernando, CA.

Selected by the Division of Manpower Development and Training, U. S. Office of Education (HEW, Washington, D. C.), the Montal Educational Associates conducted a Symposium for Bilingual-Bicultural Educational Manpower Development. The Symposium's purpose was to bring together Spanish Speaking educational and manpower experts from throughout the…

The Crisis in Air Pollution Manpower Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moeller, Dade W.

1974-01-01

Three studies conducted by the National Air Pollution Manpower Development Advisory Committee concluded there is a crisis in air pollution manpower development within the United States today. The studies investigated the existing federal manpower program, air pollution educational requirements and the quality of graduate level university programs.…

Optimal allocation of industrial PV-storage micro-grid considering important load

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, Shaohua; Ju, Rong; Yang, Yang; Xu, Shuai; Liang, Lei

2018-03-01

At present, the industrial PV-storage micro-grid has been widely used. This paper presents an optimal allocation model of PV-storage micro-grid capacity considering the important load of industrial users. A multi-objective optimization model is established to promote the local extinction of PV power generation and the maximum investment income of the enterprise as the objective function. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to solve the case of a city in Jiangsu Province, the results are analyzed economically.

A Simplified GCS-DCSK Modulation and Its Performance Optimization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Weikai; Wang, Lin; Chi, Chong-Yung

2016-12-01

In this paper, a simplified Generalized Code-Shifted Differential Chaos Shift Keying (GCS-DCSK) whose transmitter never needs any delay circuits, is proposed. However, its performance is deteriorated because the orthogonality between substreams cannot be guaranteed. In order to optimize its performance, the system model of the proposed GCS-DCSK with power allocations on substreams is presented. An approximate bit error rate (BER) expression of the proposed model, which is a function of substreams’ power, is derived using Gaussian Approximation. Based on the BER expression, an optimal power allocation strategy between information substreams and reference substream is obtained. Simulation results show that the BER performance of the proposed GCS-DCSK with the optimal power allocation can be significantly improved when the number of substreams M is large.

Power Allocation and Outage Probability Analysis for SDN-based Radio Access Networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Yongxu; Chen, Yueyun; Mai, Zhiyuan

2018-01-01

In this paper, performance of Access network Architecture based SDN (Software Defined Network) is analyzed with respect to the power allocation issue. A power allocation scheme PSO-PA (Particle Swarm Optimization-power allocation) algorithm is proposed, the proposed scheme is subjected to constant total power with the objective of minimizing system outage probability. The entire access network resource configuration is controlled by the SDN controller, then it sends the optimized power distribution factor to the base station source node (SN) and the relay node (RN). Simulation results show that the proposed scheme reduces the system outage probability at a low complexity.

Multi-Robot Coalitions Formation with Deadlines: Complexity Analysis and Solutions

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

Multi-robot task allocation is one of the main problems to address in order to design a multi-robot system, very especially when robots form coalitions that must carry out tasks before a deadline. A lot of factors affect the performance of these systems and among them, this paper is focused on the physical interference effect, produced when two or more robots want to access the same point simultaneously. To our best knowledge, this paper presents the first formal description of multi-robot task allocation that includes a model of interference. Thanks to this description, the complexity of the allocation problem is analyzed. Moreover, the main contribution of this paper is to provide the conditions under which the optimal solution of the aforementioned allocation problem can be obtained solving an integer linear problem. The optimal results are compared to previous allocation algorithms already proposed by the first two authors of this paper and with a new method proposed in this paper. The results obtained show how the new task allocation algorithms reach up more than an 80% of the median of the optimal solution, outperforming previous auction algorithms with a huge reduction of the execution time. PMID:28118384

Multi-Robot Coalitions Formation with Deadlines: Complexity Analysis and Solutions.

PubMed

Guerrero, Jose; Oliver, Gabriel; Valero, Oscar

2017-01-01

Multi-robot task allocation is one of the main problems to address in order to design a multi-robot system, very especially when robots form coalitions that must carry out tasks before a deadline. A lot of factors affect the performance of these systems and among them, this paper is focused on the physical interference effect, produced when two or more robots want to access the same point simultaneously. To our best knowledge, this paper presents the first formal description of multi-robot task allocation that includes a model of interference. Thanks to this description, the complexity of the allocation problem is analyzed. Moreover, the main contribution of this paper is to provide the conditions under which the optimal solution of the aforementioned allocation problem can be obtained solving an integer linear problem. The optimal results are compared to previous allocation algorithms already proposed by the first two authors of this paper and with a new method proposed in this paper. The results obtained show how the new task allocation algorithms reach up more than an 80% of the median of the optimal solution, outperforming previous auction algorithms with a huge reduction of the execution time.

Water-Resources Manpower: Supply and Demand Patterns to 1980.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lewis, James E.

Relating the supply of scientific manpower to the educational potential of the general population and the productive capacity of the educational system, this study disaggregates independent projections of scientific manpower supply and demand to yield projections for water resources manpower. This supply of engineers, natural scientists, and…

Perspectives in Manpower Planning. An Edinburgh Group Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Institute of Personnel Management, London (England).

The examination of manpower planning is an important management activity rather than as a specialist technique is the purpose of this pamphlet. "The Climate of Manpower Planning" describes the present circumstances in which manpower studies are carried out and the national economic and political forces which affect organizations.…

Statistical Tables on Manpower.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Manpower Administration (DOL), Washington, DC.

The President sends to the Congress each year a report on the Nation's manpower, as required by the Manpower Development and Training Act of 1962, which includes a comprehensive report by the Department of Labor on manpower requirements, resources, utilization, and training. This statistical appendix to the Department of Labor report presents data…

Evaluation of Manpower Development and Training Skills Centers. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Olympus Research Corp., Salt Lake City, UT.

Skills centers represent a fairly new and different component of national manpower policy. The 70 Manpower Development and Training Act (MDTA) Skills Centers are designed to provide comprehensive manpower services for the disadvantaged, including training, basic education, communication skills, counseling, placement, and follow-up. Based on visits…

Development and Implementation of a Manpower Leadership Program. Project Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vogler, Daniel E.

This report represents the first year record of the Manpower Leadership Education Project. This inaugural effort toward cooperative manpower leadership training between a labor department base and university occupational education base was made possible by a contract between the Michigan Department of Labor, Bureau of Manpower, and the University…

Guide to Restructuring Medical Manpower Occupations in Hospitals.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldstein, Harold M.; And Others

The guide for hospital administrators, chiefs of services, and health personnel in general, suggests ways to evaluate the utilization of manpower and to restructure health manpower occupations. The need to evaluate utilization is outlined in terms of problems faced by health institutions. The experience of the Center for Medical Manpower Studies…

Summary Report. Indiana College-Level Manpower Study Report Number 8.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greenberg, Robert M.

Selected findings of seven previously published reports of the College-Level Manpower Study are summarized. Factors involving both manpower supply and demand were investigated and educational and occupational areas in which major supply/demand imbalances exist were determined. The primary goal was to investigate the manpower supply/demand…

Playing Games with Optimal Competitive Scheduling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Frank, Jeremy; Crawford, James; Khatib, Lina; Brafman, Ronen

2005-01-01

This paper is concerned with the problem of allocating a unit capacity resource to multiple users within a pre-defined time period. The resource is indivisible, so that at most one user can use it at each time instance. However, different users may use it at different times. The users have independent, selfish preferences for when and for how long they are allocated this resource. Thus, they value different resource access durations differently, and they value different time slots differently. We seek an optimal allocation schedule for this resource.

Optimal allocation of bulk water supplies to competing use sectors based on economic criterion - An application to the Chao Phraya River Basin, Thailand

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Divakar, L.; Babel, M. S.; Perret, S. R.; Gupta, A. Das

2011-04-01

SummaryThe study develops a model for optimal bulk allocations of limited available water based on an economic criterion to competing use sectors such as agriculture, domestic, industry and hydropower. The model comprises a reservoir operation module (ROM) and a water allocation module (WAM). ROM determines the amount of water available for allocation, which is used as an input to WAM with an objective function to maximize the net economic benefits of bulk allocations to different use sectors. The total net benefit functions for agriculture and hydropower sectors and the marginal net benefit from domestic and industrial sectors are established and are categorically taken as fixed in the present study. The developed model is applied to the Chao Phraya basin in Thailand. The case study results indicate that the WAM can improve net economic returns compared to the current water allocation practices.

Optimized maritime emergency resource allocation under dynamic demand.

PubMed

Zhang, Wenfen; Yan, Xinping; Yang, Jiaqi

2017-01-01

Emergency resource is important for people evacuation and property rescue when accident occurs. The relief efforts could be promoted by a reasonable emergency resource allocation schedule in advance. As the marine environment is complicated and changeful, the place, type, severity of maritime accident is uncertain and stochastic, bringing about dynamic demand of emergency resource. Considering dynamic demand, how to make a reasonable emergency resource allocation schedule is challenging. The key problem is to determine the optimal stock of emergency resource for supplier centers to improve relief efforts. This paper studies the dynamic demand, and which is defined as a set. Then a maritime emergency resource allocation model with uncertain data is presented. Afterwards, a robust approach is developed and used to make sure that the resource allocation schedule performs well with dynamic demand. Finally, a case study shows that the proposed methodology is feasible in maritime emergency resource allocation. The findings could help emergency manager to schedule the emergency resource allocation more flexibly in terms of dynamic demand.

Optimized maritime emergency resource allocation under dynamic demand

PubMed Central

Yan, Xinping; Yang, Jiaqi

2017-01-01

Emergency resource is important for people evacuation and property rescue when accident occurs. The relief efforts could be promoted by a reasonable emergency resource allocation schedule in advance. As the marine environment is complicated and changeful, the place, type, severity of maritime accident is uncertain and stochastic, bringing about dynamic demand of emergency resource. Considering dynamic demand, how to make a reasonable emergency resource allocation schedule is challenging. The key problem is to determine the optimal stock of emergency resource for supplier centers to improve relief efforts. This paper studies the dynamic demand, and which is defined as a set. Then a maritime emergency resource allocation model with uncertain data is presented. Afterwards, a robust approach is developed and used to make sure that the resource allocation schedule performs well with dynamic demand. Finally, a case study shows that the proposed methodology is feasible in maritime emergency resource allocation. The findings could help emergency manager to schedule the emergency resource allocation more flexibly in terms of dynamic demand. PMID:29240792

Advances in liver transplantation allocation systems.

PubMed

Schilsky, Michael L; Moini, Maryam

2016-03-14

With the growing number of patients in need of liver transplantation, there is a need for adopting new and modifying existing allocation policies that prioritize patients for liver transplantation. Policy should ensure fair allocation that is reproducible and strongly predictive of best pre and post transplant outcomes while taking into account the natural history of the potential recipients liver disease and its complications. There is wide acceptance for allocation policies based on urgency in which the sickest patients on the waiting list with the highest risk of mortality receive priority. Model for end-stage liver disease and Child-Turcotte-Pugh scoring system, the two most universally applicable systems are used in urgency-based prioritization. However, other factors must be considered to achieve optimal allocation. Factors affecting pre-transplant patient survival and the quality of the donor organ also affect outcome. The optimal system should have allocation prioritization that accounts for both urgency and transplant outcome. We reviewed past and current liver allocation systems with the aim of generating further discussion about improvement of current policies.

Joint optimization of regional water-power systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pereira-Cardenal, Silvio J.; Mo, Birger; Gjelsvik, Anders; Riegels, Niels D.; Arnbjerg-Nielsen, Karsten; Bauer-Gottwein, Peter

2016-06-01

Energy and water resources systems are tightly coupled; energy is needed to deliver water and water is needed to extract or produce energy. Growing pressure on these resources has raised concerns about their long-term management and highlights the need to develop integrated solutions. A method for joint optimization of water and electric power systems was developed in order to identify methodologies to assess the broader interactions between water and energy systems. The proposed method is to include water users and power producers into an economic optimization problem that minimizes the cost of power production and maximizes the benefits of water allocation, subject to constraints from the power and hydrological systems. The method was tested on the Iberian Peninsula using simplified models of the seven major river basins and the power market. The optimization problem was successfully solved using stochastic dual dynamic programming. The results showed that current water allocation to hydropower producers in basins with high irrigation productivity, and to irrigation users in basins with high hydropower productivity was sub-optimal. Optimal allocation was achieved by managing reservoirs in very distinct ways, according to the local inflow, storage capacity, hydropower productivity, and irrigation demand and productivity. This highlights the importance of appropriately representing the water users' spatial distribution and marginal benefits and costs when allocating water resources optimally. The method can handle further spatial disaggregation and can be extended to include other aspects of the water-energy nexus.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Canavan, G.H.

Optimizations of missile allocation based on linearized exchange equations produce accurate allocations, but the limits of validity of the linearization are not known. These limits are explored in the context of the upload of weapons by one side to initially small, equal forces of vulnerable and survivable weapons. The analysis compares analytic and numerical optimizations and stability induces based on aggregated interactions of the two missile forces, the first and second strikes they could deliver, and they resulting costs. This note discusses the costs and stability indices induced by unilateral uploading of weapons to an initially symmetrical low force configuration.more » These limits are quantified for forces with a few hundred missiles by comparing analytic and numerical optimizations of first strike costs. For forces of 100 vulnerable and 100 survivable missiles on each side, the analytic optimization agrees closely with the numerical solution. For 200 vulnerable and 200 survivable missiles on each side, the analytic optimization agrees with the induces to within about 10%, but disagrees with the allocation of the side with more weapons by about 50%. The disagreement comes from the interaction of the possession of more weapons with the shift of allocation from missiles to value that they induce.« less

Ramsey waits: allocating public health service resources when there is rationing by waiting.

PubMed

Gravelle, Hugh; Siciliani, Luigi

2008-09-01

The optimal allocation of a public health care budget across treatments must take account of the way in which care is rationed within treatments since this will affect their marginal value. We investigate the optimal allocation rules for public health care systems where user charges are fixed and care is rationed by waiting. The optimal waiting time is higher for treatments with demands more elastic to waiting time, higher costs, lower charges, smaller marginal welfare loss from waiting by treated patients, and smaller marginal welfare losses from under-consumption of care. The results hold for a wide range of welfarist and non-welfarist objective functions and for systems in which there is also a private health care sector. They imply that allocation rules based purely on cost effectiveness ratios are suboptimal because they assume that there is no rationing within treatments.

Models of resource allocation optimization when solving the control problems in organizational systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Menshikh, V.; Samorokovskiy, A.; Avsentev, O.

2018-03-01

The mathematical model of optimizing the allocation of resources to reduce the time for management decisions and algorithms to solve the general problem of resource allocation. The optimization problem of choice of resources in organizational systems in order to reduce the total execution time of a job is solved. This problem is a complex three-level combinatorial problem, for the solving of which it is necessary to implement the solution to several specific problems: to estimate the duration of performing each action, depending on the number of performers within the group that performs this action; to estimate the total execution time of all actions depending on the quantitative composition of groups of performers; to find such a distribution of the existing resource of performers in groups to minimize the total execution time of all actions. In addition, algorithms to solve the general problem of resource allocation are proposed.

Sharing the Wealth: Factors Influencing Resource Allocation in the Sharing Game

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fantino, Edmund; Kennelly, Arthur

2009-01-01

Students chose between two allocation options, one that gave the allocator more and another participant still more (the "optimal" choice) and one which gave the allocator less and the other participant still less (the "competitive" choice). In a within-subjects design, students' behavior patterns were significantly correlated across the two rounds…

On Manpower Forecasting. Methods for Manpower Analysis, No.2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morton, J.E.

Some of the problems and techniques involved in manpower forecasting are discussed. This non-technical introduction to the field aims at reducing fears of data manipulation methods and at increasing respect for conceptual, logical, and analytical issues. The major approaches to manpower forecasting are explicated and evaluated under the headings:…

Allied Health Manpower Training Model. Final Report. June 27, 1973-January 31, 1975.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lutheran Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY.

The purpose of the Allied Health Manpower Training Model Project has been to develop a comprehensive manpower development program for health professionals that will serve as a model for other training institutions and health care organizations as they undertake continuing manpower planning and reorganization to meet the changing requirements for…

THE NEW ROLE OF THE EMPLOYMENT SERVICE IN SERVING THE DISADVANTAGED.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

LEVINE, LOUIS

CHANGES IN MANPOWER GOALS AND OBJECTIVES, AND THE MEANS OF ACHIEVING THEM, HAS RESULTED IN A NEW ROLE FOR THE UNITED STATES EMPLOYMENT SERVICE. THE LOCAL EMPLOYMENT OFFICE IS NOW RESPONSIBLE FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING PROGRAMS AND FOR BETTER MANPOWER UTILIZATION. NEWLY ASSIGNED MANPOWER RESPONSIBILITIES WHICH THE…

Manpower and Education Needs in Selected Professional Fields. Summaries of Commissioned Reports.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Mary Howard

Commissioned by the Southern Regional Education Board, this document contains summaries of a series of papers on manpower and education in various professional fields. Each paper addresses the following factors: present and future needs for manpower; trends which will affect manpower needs and demands; present capability of higher education to…

75 FR 45158 - Holcim (US) Inc. Corporate Division Including On-Site Leased Workers From Manpower, Office Team...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-02

.... Corporate Division Including On-Site Leased Workers From Manpower, Office Team and Advance Temporary... from Manpower and Office Team, Dundee, Michigan. The notice was published in the Federal Register on... Holcim (US) Inc., Corporate Division, including on-site leased workers from Manpower, Office Team Advance...

Survey of Maritime Experiences in Reduced Workload and Staffing

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-07-01

flexibility. National Technical University of Athens. ATOMOS (Advanced Technology to optimize manpower onboard ships) Project Rationale. (1996) http...applied R&D in this area, sponsored project ATOMOS , within its EURET transport R&D programme. ATOMOS consists of a consortium of 9 partners from 4 EU...period December 1994- December 1995) The THAMES Consortium consisted of the partners of two EURET consortia: ATOMOS and MASIS. Collectively, 21 partners

Avoiding Another Hollow Force: Optimizing the Joint Force Despite Sequestration

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-04-01

Vietnam, socio-economic factors and funding decisions that favored the development of advanced weapon systems rather than funding other vital requirements...funding decisions that favored the development of advanced weapon systems rather than funding other vital requirements such as manpower led to the...to factors such as inefficiencies in production, $29.6 billion to quantity changes, and $13.7 billion to research and development (R&D) cost growth

Health manpower development in Bayelsa State, Nigeria.

PubMed

McFubara, Kalada G; Edoni, Elizabeth R; Ezonbodor-Akwagbe, Rose E

2012-01-01

Health manpower is one of the critical factors in the development of a region. This is because health is an index of development. Bayelsa State has a low level of health manpower. Thus, in this study, we sought to identify factors necessary for effective development of health manpower. Three methods were used to gather information, ie, face-to-face interviews, postal surveys, and documentary analysis. Critical incidents were identified, and content and thematic analyses were conducted. There is no full complement of a primary health care workforce in any of the health centers in the state. The three health manpower training institutions have the limitations of inadequate health care educators and other manpower training facilities, including lack of a teaching hospital. Accreditation of health manpower training institutions is a major factor for effective development of health manpower. Public officers can contribute to the accreditation process by subsuming their personal interest into the state's common interest. Bayelsa is a fast-growing state and needs a critical mass of health care personnel. To develop this workforce requires a conscious effort rich in common interests in the deployment of resources.

A note on resource allocation scheduling with group technology and learning effects on a single machine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lu, Yuan-Yuan; Wang, Ji-Bo; Ji, Ping; He, Hongyu

2017-09-01

In this article, single-machine group scheduling with learning effects and convex resource allocation is studied. The goal is to find the optimal job schedule, the optimal group schedule, and resource allocations of jobs and groups. For the problem of minimizing the makespan subject to limited resource availability, it is proved that the problem can be solved in polynomial time under the condition that the setup times of groups are independent. For the general setup times of groups, a heuristic algorithm and a branch-and-bound algorithm are proposed, respectively. Computational experiments show that the performance of the heuristic algorithm is fairly accurate in obtaining near-optimal solutions.

Optimal allocation of resources for suppressing epidemic spreading on networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Hanshuang; Li, Guofeng; Zhang, Haifeng; Hou, Zhonghuai

2017-07-01

Efficient allocation of limited medical resources is crucial for controlling epidemic spreading on networks. Based on the susceptible-infected-susceptible model, we solve the optimization problem of how best to allocate the limited resources so as to minimize prevalence, providing that the curing rate of each node is positively correlated to its medical resource. By quenched mean-field theory and heterogeneous mean-field (HMF) theory, we prove that an epidemic outbreak will be suppressed to the greatest extent if the curing rate of each node is directly proportional to its degree, under which the effective infection rate λ has a maximal threshold λcopt=1 / , where is the average degree of the underlying network. For a weak infection region (λ ≳λcopt ), we combine perturbation theory with the Lagrange multiplier method (LMM) to derive the analytical expression of optimal allocation of the curing rates and the corresponding minimized prevalence. For a general infection region (λ >λcopt ), the high-dimensional optimization problem is converted into numerically solving low-dimensional nonlinear equations by the HMF theory and LMM. Counterintuitively, in the strong infection region the low-degree nodes should be allocated more medical resources than the high-degree nodes to minimize prevalence. Finally, we use simulated annealing to validate the theoretical results.

Hybrid maize breeding with doubled haploids: I. One-stage versus two-stage selection for testcross performance.

PubMed

Longin, C Friedrich H; Utz, H Friedrich; Reif, Jochen C; Schipprack, Wolfgang; Melchinger, Albrecht E

2006-03-01

Optimum allocation of resources is of fundamental importance for the efficiency of breeding programs. The objectives of our study were to (1) determine the optimum allocation for the number of lines and test locations in hybrid maize breeding with doubled haploids (DHs) regarding two optimization criteria, the selection gain deltaG(k) and the probability P(k) of identifying superior genotypes, (2) compare both optimization criteria including their standard deviations (SDs), and (3) investigate the influence of production costs of DHs on the optimum allocation. For different budgets, number of finally selected lines, ratios of variance components, and production costs of DHs, the optimum allocation of test resources under one- and two-stage selection for testcross performance with a given tester was determined by using Monte Carlo simulations. In one-stage selection, lines are tested in field trials in a single year. In two-stage selection, optimum allocation of resources involves evaluation of (1) a large number of lines in a small number of test locations in the first year and (2) a small number of the selected superior lines in a large number of test locations in the second year, thereby maximizing both optimization criteria. Furthermore, to have a realistic chance of identifying a superior genotype, the probability P(k) of identifying superior genotypes should be greater than 75%. For budgets between 200 and 5,000 field plot equivalents, P(k) > 75% was reached only for genotypes belonging to the best 5% of the population. As the optimum allocation for P(k)(5%) was similar to that for deltaG(k), the choice of the optimization criterion was not crucial. The production costs of DHs had only a minor effect on the optimum number of locations and on values of the optimization criteria.

Optimal allocation in annual plants and its implications for drought response

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Caldararu, Silvia; Smith, Matthew; Purves, Drew

2015-04-01

The concept of plant optimality refers to the plastic behaviour of plants that results in lifetime and offspring fitness. Optimality concepts have been used in vegetation models for a variety of processes, including stomatal conductance, leaf phenology and biomass allocation. Including optimality in vegetation models has the advantages of creating process based models with a relatively low complexity in terms of parameter numbers but which are capable of reproducing complex plant behaviour. We present a general model of plant growth for annual plants based on the hypothesis that plants allocate biomass to aboveground and belowground vegetative organs in order to maintain an optimal C:N ratio. The model also represents reproductive growth through a second optimality criteria, which states that plants flower when they reach peak nitrogen uptake. We apply this model to wheat and maize crops at 15 locations corresponding to FLUXNET cropland sites. The model parameters are data constrained using a Bayesian fitting algorithm to eddy covariance data, satellite derived vegetation indices, specifically the MODIS fAPAR product and field level crop yield data. We use the model to simulate the plant drought response under the assumption of plant optimality and show that the plants maintain unstressed total biomass levels under drought for a reduction in precipitation of up to 40%. Beyond that level plant response stops being plastic and growth decreases sharply. This behaviour results simply from the optimal allocation criteria as the model includes no explicit drought sensitivity component. Models that use plant optimality concepts are a useful tool for simulation plant response to stress without the addition of artificial thresholds and parameters.

A Preliminary Evaluation of Federal Dental Manpower Subsidy Program. Health Manpower Policy Discussion Paper Series, No. A5.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Feldstein, Paul J.

This paper suggests an approach and an analysis of the impact that federal manpower programs have had on dentistry. The main beneficiaries under health manpower subsidy programs are indicated and some policy alternatives suggested. Emphasis is placed on federal subsidies for increasing the supply of dentists including students' financial…

The Feasibility of Establishing Highway Safety Manpower Development and Research Centers at University-Level Institutions. Final Report, Volume I: Study Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chorness, Maury H.; And Others

To examine the feasibility of establishing Highway Safety Manpower Development and Research (HSMDR) Centers at university-level institutions which would produce three types of manpower--safety specialists, safety professionals, and research manpower, previous National Highway Safety Bureau research studies and approximately 50 federally funded…

Joint Chiefs of Staff > Directorates > J1 | Manpower and Personnel

Science.gov Websites

Management J1 | Manpower and Personnel J2 | Joint Staff Intelligence J3 | Operations J4 | Logistics► J8 | Force Structure, Resources & Assessment Contact J1 Manpower and Personnel Home : Directorates : J1 | Manpower and Personnel Mission To provide the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

Complete Report: Kodak Graphic Arts Industry Manpower Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, NY.

This report is believed to be the first nationwide attempt in more than three centuries of printing in America to define graphic arts manpower needs. The objectives of this study were to determine the current status of industry manpower and to predict manpower needs for the 1970's. To carry out these objectives two questionnaires were developed, a…

Manpower and Training Needs in Water Pollution Control. Senate Document No. 49.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Department of the Interior, Washington, DC. Federal Water Pollution Control Administration.

To determine trained manpower needs and training resources in the clean water field, data were gathered from interviews with state and federal agencies as well as the Water Pollution Control Federation, from prior manpower reports, and from Bureau of Census employment data. After analysis of present manpower resources and future requirements,…

Optimal allocation of conservation effort among subpopulations of a threatened species: how important is patch quality?

PubMed

Chauvenet, Aliénor L M; Baxter, Peter W J; McDonald-Madden, Eve; Possingham, Hugh P

2010-04-01

Money is often a limiting factor in conservation, and attempting to conserve endangered species can be costly. Consequently, a framework for optimizing fiscally constrained conservation decisions for a single species is needed. In this paper we find the optimal budget allocation among isolated subpopulations of a threatened species to minimize local extinction probability. We solve the problem using stochastic dynamic programming, derive a useful and simple alternative guideline for allocating funds, and test its performance using forward simulation. The model considers subpopulations that persist in habitat patches of differing quality, which in our model is reflected in different relationships between money invested and extinction risk. We discover that, in most cases, subpopulations that are less efficient to manage should receive more money than those that are more efficient to manage, due to higher investment needed to reduce extinction risk. Our simple investment guideline performs almost as well as the exact optimal strategy. We illustrate our approach with a case study of the management of the Sumatran tiger, Panthera tigris sumatrae, in Kerinci Seblat National Park (KSNP), Indonesia. We find that different budgets should be allocated to the separate tiger subpopulations in KSNP. The subpopulation that is not at risk of extinction does not require any management investment. Based on the combination of risks of extinction and habitat quality, the optimal allocation for these particular tiger subpopulations is an unusual case: subpopulations that occur in higher-quality habitat (more efficient to manage) should receive more funds than the remaining subpopulation that is in lower-quality habitat. Because the yearly budget allocated to the KSNP for tiger conservation is small, to guarantee the persistence of all the subpopulations that are currently under threat we need to prioritize those that are easier to save. When allocating resources among subpopulations of a threatened species, the combined effects of differences in habitat quality, cost of action, and current subpopulation probability of extinction need to be integrated. We provide a useful guideline for allocating resources among isolated subpopulations of any threatened species.

PSOLA: A Heuristic Land-Use Allocation Model Using Patch-Level Operations and Knowledge-Informed Rules.

PubMed

Liu, Yaolin; Peng, Jinjin; Jiao, Limin; Liu, Yanfang

2016-01-01

Optimizing land-use allocation is important to regional sustainable development, as it promotes the social equality of public services, increases the economic benefits of land-use activities, and reduces the ecological risk of land-use planning. Most land-use optimization models allocate land-use using cell-level operations that fragment land-use patches. These models do not cooperate well with land-use planning knowledge, leading to irrational land-use patterns. This study focuses on building a heuristic land-use allocation model (PSOLA) using particle swarm optimization. The model allocates land-use with patch-level operations to avoid fragmentation. The patch-level operations include a patch-edge operator, a patch-size operator, and a patch-compactness operator that constrain the size and shape of land-use patches. The model is also integrated with knowledge-informed rules to provide auxiliary knowledge of land-use planning during optimization. The knowledge-informed rules consist of suitability, accessibility, land use policy, and stakeholders' preference. To validate the PSOLA model, a case study was performed in Gaoqiao Town in Zhejiang Province, China. The results demonstrate that the PSOLA model outperforms a basic PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) in the terms of the social, economic, ecological, and overall benefits by 3.60%, 7.10%, 1.53% and 4.06%, respectively, which confirms the effectiveness of our improvements. Furthermore, the model has an open architecture, enabling its extension as a generic tool to support decision making in land-use planning.

PSOLA: A Heuristic Land-Use Allocation Model Using Patch-Level Operations and Knowledge-Informed Rules

PubMed Central

Liu, Yaolin; Peng, Jinjin; Jiao, Limin; Liu, Yanfang

2016-01-01

Optimizing land-use allocation is important to regional sustainable development, as it promotes the social equality of public services, increases the economic benefits of land-use activities, and reduces the ecological risk of land-use planning. Most land-use optimization models allocate land-use using cell-level operations that fragment land-use patches. These models do not cooperate well with land-use planning knowledge, leading to irrational land-use patterns. This study focuses on building a heuristic land-use allocation model (PSOLA) using particle swarm optimization. The model allocates land-use with patch-level operations to avoid fragmentation. The patch-level operations include a patch-edge operator, a patch-size operator, and a patch-compactness operator that constrain the size and shape of land-use patches. The model is also integrated with knowledge-informed rules to provide auxiliary knowledge of land-use planning during optimization. The knowledge-informed rules consist of suitability, accessibility, land use policy, and stakeholders’ preference. To validate the PSOLA model, a case study was performed in Gaoqiao Town in Zhejiang Province, China. The results demonstrate that the PSOLA model outperforms a basic PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) in the terms of the social, economic, ecological, and overall benefits by 3.60%, 7.10%, 1.53% and 4.06%, respectively, which confirms the effectiveness of our improvements. Furthermore, the model has an open architecture, enabling its extension as a generic tool to support decision making in land-use planning. PMID:27322619

Optimal time--energy allocation and the evolution of colony demography among eusocial insects. [Polistes fuscatus, Vespa orientalis, ants

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Macevicz, S.C.

1979-05-09

This thesis attempts to explain the evolution of certain features of social insect colony population structure by the use of optimization models. Two areas are examined in detail. First, the optimal reproductive strategies of annual eusocial insects are considered. A model is constructed for the growth of workers and reproductives as a function of the resources allocated to each. Next the allocation schedule is computed which yields the maximum number of reproductives by season's end. The results indicate that if there is constant return to scale for allocated resources the optimal strategy is to invest in colony growth until approximatelymore » one generation before season's end, whereupon worker production ceases and reproductive effort is switched entirely to producing queens and males. Furthermore, the results indicate that if there is decreasing return to scale for allocated resources then simultaneous production of workers and reproductives is possible. The model is used to explain the colony demography of two species of wasp, Polistes fuscatus and Vespa orientalis. Colonies of these insects undergo a sudden switch from the production of workers to the production of reproductives. The second area examined concerns optimal forager size distributions for monomorphic ant colonies. A model is constructed that describes the colony's energetic profit as a function which depends on the size distribution of food resources as well as forager efficiency, metabolic costs, and manufacturing costs.« less

Manpower management information system /MIS/

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gravette, M. C.; King, W. L.

1971-01-01

System of programs capable of building and maintaining data bank provides all levels of management with regular manpower evaluation reports and data source for special management exercises on manpower.

Flexible operation strategy for environment control system in abnormal supply power condition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liping, Pang; Guoxiang, Li; Hongquan, Qu; Yufeng, Fang

2017-04-01

This paper establishes an optimization method that can be applied to the flexible operation of the environment control system in an abnormal supply power condition. A proposed conception of lifespan is used to evaluate the depletion time of the non-regenerative substance. The optimization objective function is to maximize the lifespans. The optimization variables are the allocated powers of subsystems. The improved Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm is adopted to obtain the pareto optimization frontier with the constraints of the cabin environmental parameters and the adjustable operating parameters of the subsystems. Based on the same importance of objective functions, the preferred power allocation of subsystems can be optimized. Then the corresponding running parameters of subsystems can be determined to ensure the maximum lifespans. A long-duration space station with three astronauts is used to show the implementation of the proposed optimization method. Three different CO2 partial pressure levels are taken into consideration in this study. The optimization results show that the proposed optimization method can obtain the preferred power allocation for the subsystems when the supply power is at a less-than-nominal value. The method can be applied to the autonomous control for the emergency response of the environment control system.

The Role of Education in the Supply and Demand of Educated Manpower. Research Memorandum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Young, Kan Hua

This description of a methodology for examining the supply of educated manpower and the demand for their services consists of two major sections, which are devoted to the supply and demand of educated manpower respectively. In the first section, the supply of educated manpower and the demand for educational inputs are considered, the main…

Manpower for Energy Research: A Comprehensive Manpower Information System for Energy Research, Development and Demonstration.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldstein, Harold; And Others

This publication is the result of a study commissioned by the Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) to design a manpower information system as indicated by the title. This study is designed to help ERDA (now the Department of Energy) meet its responsibility of helping to assure an adequate supply of manpower for the accomplishment…

The Demand for Legal Assistants in Indiana. Indiana College-Level Manpower Study. Report Number Six.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greenberg, Robert M.; Tully, Richard B.

The Indiana College-Level Manpower Study is being conducted by the Indiana Commission for Higher Education to provide manpower information of value to planning at the postsecondary level. Factors involving both manpower supply and demand are being investigated. This report deals with a survey assessing the demand for legal assistants in Indiana.…

Health manpower development in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

PubMed Central

McFubara, Kalada G; Edoni, Elizabeth R; Ezonbodor-Akwagbe, Rose E

2012-01-01

Background: Health manpower is one of the critical factors in the development of a region. This is because health is an index of development. Bayelsa State has a low level of health manpower. Thus, in this study, we sought to identify factors necessary for effective development of health manpower. Methods: Three methods were used to gather information, ie, face-to-face interviews, postal surveys, and documentary analysis. Critical incidents were identified, and content and thematic analyses were conducted. Results: There is no full complement of a primary health care workforce in any of the health centers in the state. The three health manpower training institutions have the limitations of inadequate health care educators and other manpower training facilities, including lack of a teaching hospital. Conclusion: Accreditation of health manpower training institutions is a major factor for effective development of health manpower. Public officers can contribute to the accreditation process by subsuming their personal interest into the state’s common interest. Bayelsa is a fast-growing state and needs a critical mass of health care personnel. To develop this workforce requires a conscious effort rich in common interests in the deployment of resources. PMID:23271926

Solid waste management in Kolkata, India: practices and challenges.

PubMed

Hazra, Tumpa; Goel, Sudha

2009-01-01

This paper presents an overview of current solid waste management (SWM) practices in Kolkata, India and suggests solutions to some of the major problems. More than 2920ton/d of solid waste are generated in the Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC) area and the budget allocation for 2007-2008 was Rs. 1590 million (US$40 million), which amounts to Rs. 265/cap-y (US$6.7/cap-d) on SWM. This expenditure is insufficient to provide adequate SWM services. Major deficiencies were found in all elements of SWM. Despite 70% of the SWM budget being allocated for collection, collection efficiency is around 60-70% for the registered residents and less than 20% for unregistered residents (slum dwellers). The collection process is deficient in terms of manpower and vehicle availability. Bin capacity provided is adequate but locations were found to be inappropriate, thus contributing to the inefficiency of the system. At this time, no treatment is provided to the waste and waste is dumped on open land at Dhapa after collection. Lack of suitable facilities (equipment and infrastructure) and underestimates of waste generation rates, inadequate management and technical skills, improper bin collection, and route planning are responsible for poor collection and transportation of municipal solid wastes.

Determining Optimal Allocation of Naval Obstetric Resources with Linear Programming

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-01

NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA MBA PROFESSIONAL REPORT DETERMINING OPTIMAL ALLOCATION OF NAVAL OBSTETRIC RESOURCES...Davis Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved...OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for

Analog Processor To Solve Optimization Problems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Duong, Tuan A.; Eberhardt, Silvio P.; Thakoor, Anil P.

1993-01-01

Proposed analog processor solves "traveling-salesman" problem, considered paradigm of global-optimization problems involving routing or allocation of resources. Includes electronic neural network and auxiliary circuitry based partly on concepts described in "Neural-Network Processor Would Allocate Resources" (NPO-17781) and "Neural Network Solves 'Traveling-Salesman' Problem" (NPO-17807). Processor based on highly parallel computing solves problem in significantly less time.

Joint Transmit Antenna Selection and Power Allocation for ISDF Relaying Mobile-to-Mobile Sensor Networks

PubMed Central

Xu, Lingwei; Zhang, Hao; Gulliver, T. Aaron

2016-01-01

The outage probability (OP) performance of multiple-relay incremental-selective decode-and-forward (ISDF) relaying mobile-to-mobile (M2M) sensor networks with transmit antenna selection (TAS) over N-Nakagami fading channels is investigated. Exact closed-form OP expressions for both optimal and suboptimal TAS schemes are derived. The power allocation problem is formulated to determine the optimal division of transmit power between the broadcast and relay phases. The OP performance under different conditions is evaluated via numerical simulation to verify the analysis. These results show that the optimal TAS scheme has better OP performance than the suboptimal scheme. Further, the power allocation parameter has a significant influence on the OP performance. PMID:26907282

Optimality Based Dynamic Plant Allocation Model: Predicting Acclimation Response to Climate Change

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Srinivasan, V.; Drewry, D.; Kumar, P.; Sivapalan, M.

2009-12-01

Allocation of assimilated carbon to different plant parts determines the future plant status and is important to predict long term (months to years) vegetated land surface fluxes. Plants have the ability to modify their allometry and exhibit plasticity by varying the relative proportions of the structural biomass contained in each of its tissue. The ability of plants to be plastic provides them with the potential to acclimate to changing environmental conditions in order to enhance their probability of survival. Allometry based allocation models and other empirical allocation models do not account for plant plasticity cause by acclimation due to environmental changes. In the absence of a detailed understanding of the various biophysical processes involved in plant growth and development an optimality approach is adopted here to predict carbon allocation in plants. Existing optimality based models of plant growth are either static or involve considerable empiricism. In this work, we adopt an optimality based approach (coupled with limitations on plant plasticity) to predict the dynamic allocation of assimilated carbon to different plant parts. We explore the applicability of this approach using several optimization variables such as net primary productivity, net transpiration, realized growth rate, total end of growing season reproductive biomass etc. We use this approach to predict the dynamic nature of plant acclimation in its allocation of carbon to different plant parts under current and future climate scenarios. This approach is designed as a growth sub-model in the multi-layer canopy plant model (MLCPM) and is used to obtain land surface fluxes and plant properties over the growing season. The framework of this model is such that it retains the generality and can be applied to different types of ecosystems. We test this approach using the data from free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiments using soybean crop at the Soy-FACE research site. Our results show that there are significant changes in the allocation patterns of vegetation when subjected to elevated CO2 indicating that our model is able to account for plant plasticity arising from acclimation. Soybeans when grown under elevated CO2, increased their allocation to structural components such as leaves and decreased their allocation to reproductive biomass. This demonstrates that plant acclimation causes lower than expected crop yields when grown under elevated CO2. Our findings can have serious implications in estimating future crop yields under climate change scenarios where it is widely expected that rising CO2 will fully offset losses due to climate change.

Risk-Based Sampling: I Don't Want to Weight in Vain.

PubMed

Powell, Mark R

2015-12-01

Recently, there has been considerable interest in developing risk-based sampling for food safety and animal and plant health for efficient allocation of inspection and surveillance resources. The problem of risk-based sampling allocation presents a challenge similar to financial portfolio analysis. Markowitz (1952) laid the foundation for modern portfolio theory based on mean-variance optimization. However, a persistent challenge in implementing portfolio optimization is the problem of estimation error, leading to false "optimal" portfolios and unstable asset weights. In some cases, portfolio diversification based on simple heuristics (e.g., equal allocation) has better out-of-sample performance than complex portfolio optimization methods due to estimation uncertainty. Even for portfolios with a modest number of assets, the estimation window required for true optimization may imply an implausibly long stationary period. The implications for risk-based sampling are illustrated by a simple simulation model of lot inspection for a small, heterogeneous group of producers. © 2015 Society for Risk Analysis.

A generalized fuzzy credibility-constrained linear fractional programming approach for optimal irrigation water allocation under uncertainty

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Chenglong; Guo, Ping

2017-10-01

The vague and fuzzy parametric information is a challenging issue in irrigation water management problems. In response to this problem, a generalized fuzzy credibility-constrained linear fractional programming (GFCCFP) model is developed for optimal irrigation water allocation under uncertainty. The model can be derived from integrating generalized fuzzy credibility-constrained programming (GFCCP) into a linear fractional programming (LFP) optimization framework. Therefore, it can solve ratio optimization problems associated with fuzzy parameters, and examine the variation of results under different credibility levels and weight coefficients of possibility and necessary. It has advantages in: (1) balancing the economic and resources objectives directly; (2) analyzing system efficiency; (3) generating more flexible decision solutions by giving different credibility levels and weight coefficients of possibility and (4) supporting in-depth analysis of the interrelationships among system efficiency, credibility level and weight coefficient. The model is applied to a case study of irrigation water allocation in the middle reaches of Heihe River Basin, northwest China. Therefore, optimal irrigation water allocation solutions from the GFCCFP model can be obtained. Moreover, factorial analysis on the two parameters (i.e. λ and γ) indicates that the weight coefficient is a main factor compared with credibility level for system efficiency. These results can be effective for support reasonable irrigation water resources management and agricultural production.

Optimizing prescribed fire allocation for managing fire risk in central Catalonia.

PubMed

Alcasena, Fermín J; Ager, Alan A; Salis, Michele; Day, Michelle A; Vega-Garcia, Cristina

2018-04-15

We used spatial optimization to allocate and prioritize prescribed fire treatments in the fire-prone Bages County, central Catalonia (northeastern Spain). The goal of this study was to identify suitable strategic locations on forest lands for fuel treatments in order to: 1) disrupt major fire movements, 2) reduce ember emissions, and 3) reduce the likelihood of large fires burning into residential communities. We first modeled fire spread, hazard and exposure metrics under historical extreme fire weather conditions, including node influence grid for surface fire pathways, crown fraction burned and fire transmission to residential structures. Then, we performed an optimization analysis on individual planning areas to identify production possibility frontiers for addressing fire exposure and explore alternative prescribed fire treatment configurations. The results revealed strong trade-offs among different fire exposure metrics, showed treatment mosaics that optimize the allocation of prescribed fire, and identified specific opportunities to achieve multiple objectives. Our methods can contribute to improving the efficiency of prescribed fire treatment investments and wildfire management programs aimed at creating fire resilient ecosystems, facilitating safe and efficient fire suppression, and safeguarding rural communities from catastrophic wildfires. The analysis framework can be used to optimally allocate prescribed fire in other fire-prone areas within the Mediterranean region and elsewhere. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Dimensions of design space: a decision-theoretic approach to optimal research design.

PubMed

Conti, Stefano; Claxton, Karl

2009-01-01

Bayesian decision theory can be used not only to establish the optimal sample size and its allocation in a single clinical study but also to identify an optimal portfolio of research combining different types of study design. Within a single study, the highest societal payoff to proposed research is achieved when its sample sizes and allocation between available treatment options are chosen to maximize the expected net benefit of sampling (ENBS). Where a number of different types of study informing different parameters in the decision problem could be conducted, the simultaneous estimation of ENBS across all dimensions of the design space is required to identify the optimal sample sizes and allocations within such a research portfolio. This is illustrated through a simple example of a decision model of zanamivir for the treatment of influenza. The possible study designs include: 1) a single trial of all the parameters, 2) a clinical trial providing evidence only on clinical endpoints, 3) an epidemiological study of natural history of disease, and 4) a survey of quality of life. The possible combinations, samples sizes, and allocation between trial arms are evaluated over a range of cost-effectiveness thresholds. The computational challenges are addressed by implementing optimization algorithms to search the ENBS surface more efficiently over such large dimensions.

Task allocation among multiple intelligent robots

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gasser, L.; Bekey, G.

1987-01-01

Researchers describe the design of a decentralized mechanism for allocating assembly tasks in a multiple robot assembly workstation. Currently, the approach focuses on distributed allocation to explore its feasibility and its potential for adaptability to changing circumstances, rather than for optimizing throughput. Individual greedy robots make their own local allocation decisions using both dynamic allocation policies which propagate through a network of allocation goals, and local static and dynamic constraints describing which robots are elibible for which assembly tasks. Global coherence is achieved by proper weighting of allocation pressures propagating through the assembly plan. Deadlock avoidance and synchronization is achieved using periodic reassessments of local allocation decisions, ageing of allocation goals, and short-term allocation locks on goals.

Comprehensive Optimal Manpower and Personnel Analytic Simulation System (COMPASS)

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-10-01

4 The EDB consists of 4 major components (some of which are re-usable): 1. Metadata Editor ( MDE ): Also considered a leaf node, the metadata...end-user queries via the QB. The EDB supports multiple instances of the MDE , although currently, only a single instance is recommended. 2 Query...the MSB is a central collection of web services, responsible for the authentication and authorization of users, maintenance of the EDB metadata

Contract for Manpower and Personnel Research and Studies II (COMPRS-II) Annual Report - Year Four

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-10-01

Wonderlic and the Prueba de Aptitud Academica (PAA) will be evaluated in the pilot "Foreign Language Recruiting Initiative" project. Starting in October...Spanish Wonderlic and the Prueba de Aptitud Academica (PAA) will be evaluated in the pilot "Foreign Language Recruiting Initiative" project. Starting...implemented by linear programming software , which optimizes the Army’s enlisted personnel classification system, while accounting for realistic

Command History Calendar Year 1992 (Navy Personnel Research and Development Center)

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-07-01

efficiently. and manage our personnel resources optimally. By combining a deep understanding of operational requirements with first-rate scientific and...the needs of manpower, personnel, and training managers in the Navy, Marine Corps, and Department of Defense (DOD); to the operating forces; and to the...NPRDC Professional Publications Award and the 1990 Commander’s Award for Management Excellence. He is a fellow of the American Association for the

Efficient Simulation Budget Allocation for Selecting an Optimal Subset

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chen, Chun-Hung; He, Donghai; Fu, Michael; Lee, Loo Hay

2008-01-01

We consider a class of the subset selection problem in ranking and selection. The objective is to identify the top m out of k designs based on simulated output. Traditional procedures are conservative and inefficient. Using the optimal computing budget allocation framework, we formulate the problem as that of maximizing the probability of correc tly selecting all of the top-m designs subject to a constraint on the total number of samples available. For an approximation of this corre ct selection probability, we derive an asymptotically optimal allocat ion and propose an easy-to-implement heuristic sequential allocation procedure. Numerical experiments indicate that the resulting allocatio ns are superior to other methods in the literature that we tested, and the relative efficiency increases for larger problems. In addition, preliminary numerical results indicate that the proposed new procedur e has the potential to enhance computational efficiency for simulation optimization.

Manpower Planning for New Weapon Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-12-01

Logistics) take the following actions : 1. Institute formal, post-DSARC management reviews of integrated logistic support implementation to verify...that actions are being taken to minimize manpower and other support resource requirements. 2. Urge the Army, Navy and Marine Corps to press on with...examines how manpower planning actually is done by the military services, and recommends actions by the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Manpower Reserve

Institutional Manpower Development and Training in New York State. Annual Report (July 1, 1970-June 30, 1971).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New York State Education Dept., Albany. Div. of Special Occupational Services.

This annual report is the ninth in a series of reports concerning the activities of the New York State Education Department in the manpower training effort, and it offers a narrative description and rationale of the activities of the Bureaus of Manpower Program Development and Manpower Program Supervision during 1971. The goals of the manpower…

Manpower Requirements for Pollution Control and Water Resources in Indiana and a Related Pollution Control Technology Curriculum. Manpower Report 69-1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN. Office of Manpower Studies.

The purpose of this study was to identify the trained manpower needed to cope with Indiana's mounting problems in air and water pollution control, liquid and solid waste disposal, and water supply and resources. This report contains data concerning the present employment, current job opportunities, and projected manpower needs for related…

Second Survey of Library and Information Manpower Needs in the Caribbean, Volume I. The Survey and Its Findings.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greene, Gloria; Robb, Reive

The main concerns of this manpower survey were to examine and, where possible, modify and expand on the manpower planning model generated in the 1982 pilot study, and to use the model to assist with the forecasting of manpower requirements for library and information systems in the Caribbean region. Libraries and information systems in this area…

Rate distortion optimal bit allocation methods for volumetric data using JPEG 2000.

PubMed

Kosheleva, Olga M; Usevitch, Bryan E; Cabrera, Sergio D; Vidal, Edward

2006-08-01

Computer modeling programs that generate three-dimensional (3-D) data on fine grids are capable of generating very large amounts of information. These data sets, as well as 3-D sensor/measured data sets, are prime candidates for the application of data compression algorithms. A very flexible and powerful compression algorithm for imagery data is the newly released JPEG 2000 standard. JPEG 2000 also has the capability to compress volumetric data, as described in Part 2 of the standard, by treating the 3-D data as separate slices. As a decoder standard, JPEG 2000 does not describe any specific method to allocate bits among the separate slices. This paper proposes two new bit allocation algorithms for accomplishing this task. The first procedure is rate distortion optimal (for mean squared error), and is conceptually similar to postcompression rate distortion optimization used for coding codeblocks within JPEG 2000. The disadvantage of this approach is its high computational complexity. The second bit allocation algorithm, here called the mixed model (MM) approach, mathematically models each slice's rate distortion curve using two distinct regions to get more accurate modeling at low bit rates. These two bit allocation algorithms are applied to a 3-D Meteorological data set. Test results show that the MM approach gives distortion results that are nearly identical to the optimal approach, while significantly reducing computational complexity.

A unified framework of unsupervised subjective optimized bit allocation for multiple video object coding

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Zhenzhong; Han, Junwei; Ngan, King Ngi

2005-10-01

MPEG-4 treats a scene as a composition of several objects or so-called video object planes (VOPs) that are separately encoded and decoded. Such a flexible video coding framework makes it possible to code different video object with different distortion scale. It is necessary to analyze the priority of the video objects according to its semantic importance, intrinsic properties and psycho-visual characteristics such that the bit budget can be distributed properly to video objects to improve the perceptual quality of the compressed video. This paper aims to provide an automatic video object priority definition method based on object-level visual attention model and further propose an optimization framework for video object bit allocation. One significant contribution of this work is that the human visual system characteristics are incorporated into the video coding optimization process. Another advantage is that the priority of the video object can be obtained automatically instead of fixing weighting factors before encoding or relying on the user interactivity. To evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, we compare it with traditional verification model bit allocation and the optimal multiple video object bit allocation algorithms. Comparing with traditional bit allocation algorithms, the objective quality of the object with higher priority is significantly improved under this framework. These results demonstrate the usefulness of this unsupervised subjective quality lifting framework.

Design for Warehouse with Product Flow Type Allocation using Linear Programming: A Case Study in a Textile Industry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khannan, M. S. A.; Nafisah, L.; Palupi, D. L.

2018-03-01

Sari Warna Co. Ltd, a company engaged in the textile industry, is experiencing problems in the allocation and placement of goods in the warehouse. During this time the company has not implemented the product flow type allocation and product placement to the respective products resulting in a high total material handling cost. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the allocation and placement of goods in the warehouse corresponding to product flow type with minimal total material handling cost. This research is a quantitative research based on the theory of storage and warehouse that uses a mathematical model of optimization problem solving using mathematical optimization model approach belongs to Heragu (2005), aided by software LINGO 11.0 in the calculation of the optimization model. Results obtained from this study is the proportion of the distribution for each functional area is the area of cross-docking at 0.0734, the reserve area at 0.1894, and the forward area at 0.7372. The allocation of product flow type 1 is 5 products, the product flow type 2 is 9 products, the product flow type 3 is 2 products, and the product flow type 4 is 6 products. The optimal total material handling cost by using this mathematical model equal to Rp43.079.510 while it is equal to Rp 49.869.728 by using the company’s existing method. It saves Rp6.790.218 for the total material handling cost. Thus, all of the products can be allocated in accordance with the product flow type with minimal total material handling cost.

HIV epidemic control-a model for optimal allocation of prevention and treatment resources.

PubMed

Alistar, Sabina S; Long, Elisa F; Brandeau, Margaret L; Beck, Eduard J

2014-06-01

With 33 million people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide and 2.7 million new infections occurring annually, additional HIV prevention and treatment efforts are urgently needed. However, available resources for HIV control are limited and must be used efficiently to minimize the future spread of the epidemic. We develop a model to determine the appropriate resource allocation between expanded HIV prevention and treatment services. We create an epidemic model that incorporates multiple key populations with different transmission modes, as well as production functions that relate investment in prevention and treatment programs to changes in transmission and treatment rates. The goal is to allocate resources to minimize R 0, the reproductive rate of infection. We first develop a single-population model and determine the optimal resource allocation between HIV prevention and treatment. We extend the analysis to multiple independent populations, with resource allocation among interventions and populations. We then include the effects of HIV transmission between key populations. We apply our model to examine HIV epidemic control in two different settings, Uganda and Russia. As part of these applications, we develop a novel approach for estimating empirical HIV program production functions. Our study provides insights into the important question of resource allocation for a country's optimal response to its HIV epidemic and provides a practical approach for decision makers. Better decisions about allocating limited HIV resources can improve response to the epidemic and increase access to HIV prevention and treatment services for millions of people worldwide.

Interactive Land-Use Optimization Using Laguerre Voronoi Diagram with Dynamic Generating Point Allocation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chaidee, S.; Pakawanwong, P.; Suppakitpaisarn, V.; Teerasawat, P.

2017-09-01

In this work, we devise an efficient method for the land-use optimization problem based on Laguerre Voronoi diagram. Previous Voronoi diagram-based methods are more efficient and more suitable for interactive design than discrete optimization-based method, but, in many cases, their outputs do not satisfy area constraints. To cope with the problem, we propose a force-directed graph drawing algorithm, which automatically allocates generating points of Voronoi diagram to appropriate positions. Then, we construct a Laguerre Voronoi diagram based on these generating points, use linear programs to adjust each cell, and reconstruct the diagram based on the adjustment. We adopt the proposed method to the practical case study of Chiang Mai University's allocated land for a mixed-use complex. For this case study, compared to other Voronoi diagram-based method, we decrease the land allocation error by 62.557 %. Although our computation time is larger than the previous Voronoi-diagram-based method, it is still suitable for interactive design.

Knowledge and Policy in Manpower: A Study of the Manpower Research and Development Program in the Department of Labor.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council, Washington, DC. Committee on Dept. of Labor Manpower Research and Development.

The document presents an analysis of the progress in the research and development (R & D) efforts of the Department of Labor as embodied in the Manpower Development and Training Act, which combined an inquiry system and a mission-oriented operating system in a single agency. The analysis is presented in two parts. Part 1, The Manpower R &…

Evaluation of Marine Corps Manpower Computer Simulation Model

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-12-01

merit- based promotion selection that is in conjunction with the “up or out” manpower system. To ensure mission accomplishment within M&RA, it is...historical data the MSM pulls from an online Oracle database. Two types of data base pulls occur here: acquiring historical data of manpower pyramid...is based off of the assumption that the historical manpower progression is constant, and therefore is controllable. This unfortunately does not marry

Three-level global resource allocation model for hiv control: A hierarchical decision system approach.

PubMed

Kassa, Semu Mitiku

2018-02-01

Funds from various global organizations, such as, The Global Fund, The World Bank, etc. are not directly distributed to the targeted risk groups. Especially in the so-called third-world-countries, the major part of the fund in HIV prevention programs comes from these global funding organizations. The allocations of these funds usually pass through several levels of decision making bodies that have their own specific parameters to control and specific objectives to achieve. However, these decisions are made mostly in a heuristic manner and this may lead to a non-optimal allocation of the scarce resources. In this paper, a hierarchical mathematical optimization model is proposed to solve such a problem. Combining existing epidemiological models with the kind of interventions being on practice, a 3-level hierarchical decision making model in optimally allocating such resources has been developed and analyzed. When the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is included in the model, it has been shown that the objective function of the lower level decision making structure is a non-convex minimization problem in the allocation variables even if all the production functions for the intervention programs are assumed to be linear.

The use of an integrated variable fuzzy sets in water resources management

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qiu, Qingtai; Liu, Jia; Li, Chuanzhe; Yu, Xinzhe; Wang, Yang

2018-06-01

Based on the evaluation of the present situation of water resources and the development of water conservancy projects and social economy, optimal allocation of regional water resources presents an increasing need in the water resources management. Meanwhile it is also the most effective way to promote the harmonic relationship between human and water. In view of the own limitations of the traditional evaluations of which always choose a single index model using in optimal allocation of regional water resources, on the basis of the theory of variable fuzzy sets (VFS) and system dynamics (SD), an integrated variable fuzzy sets model (IVFS) is proposed to address dynamically complex problems in regional water resources management in this paper. The model is applied to evaluate the level of the optimal allocation of regional water resources of Zoucheng in China. Results show that the level of allocation schemes of water resources ranging from 2.5 to 3.5, generally showing a trend of lower level. To achieve optimal regional management of water resources, this model conveys a certain degree of accessing water resources management, which prominently improve the authentic assessment of water resources management by using the eigenvector of level H.

Performance analysis of optimal power allocation in wireless cooperative communication systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Babikir Adam, Edriss E.; Samb, Doudou; Yu, Li

2013-03-01

Cooperative communication has been recently proposed in wireless communication systems for exploring the inherent spatial diversity in relay channels.The Amplify-and-Forward (AF) cooperation protocols with multiple relays have not been sufficiently investigated even if it has a low complexity in term of implementation. We consider in this work a cooperative diversity system in which a source transmits some information to a destination with the help of multiple relay nodes with AF protocols and investigate the optimality of allocating powers both at the source and the relays system by optimizing the symbol error rate (SER) performance in an efficient way. Firstly we derive a closedform SER formulation for MPSK signal using the concept of moment generating function and some statistical approximations in high signal to noise ratio (SNR) for the system under studied. We then find a tight corresponding lower bound which converges to the same limit as the theoretical upper bound and develop an optimal power allocation (OPA) technique with mean channel gains to minimize the SER. Simulation results show that our scheme outperforms the equal power allocation (EPA) scheme and is tight to the theoretical approximation based on the SER upper bound in high SNR for different number of relays.

[Clinical nursing manpower: development and future prospects].

PubMed

Lin, Chiou-Fen; Kao, Ching-Chiu

2014-04-01

The significant changes in nursing manpower utilization in Taiwan over the past two decades are due in large part to the implementation of the National Health Insurance program and the rising need for long-term care. The changes have impacted clinical nursing manpower utilization in two important ways. Firstly, there has been a substantial increase in overall demand for nursing manpower. In particular, the need for clinical nurses has nearly quadrupled during this time period. Secondly, the level of difficulty involved in patient care has risen dramatically, with factors including increased disease severity and increased care quality expectations, among others. These changes, coupled with demands on nursing manpower imposed from other sectors, underpin and further exacerbate the problem of nursing manpower shortages throughout the healthcare system. To raise the quality of the nursing work environment, the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW) brought together Taiwan's key professional nursing organizations to promote 10 care-reform strategies, establish the nursing-aid manpower system, and create the nursing classification system as an approach to effectively attract nurses to take positions in the medical system.

[A preliminary study on dental-manpower forecasting model of Miyun County in Beijing].

PubMed

Huang, H; Wang, H; Yang, S

1999-01-01

To explore the dental-manpower forecasting model of Chinese rural region and provide references for Chinese dental-manpower researches. Chose rural Miyun County in Beijing as a sample, according to the need-based and demand-weighted forecasting method, a protocol WHO-CH model and corresponding JWG-6-M package developed by authors were used to calculate the present and future need and demand of dental-manpower in Miyun County. Further predications were also calculated on the effects of four modeling parameters to the demand of dental manpower. The present need and demand of oral care personnel for Miyun were 114.5 and 29.1 respectively. At present, Miyun has 43 oral care providers who can satisfy the demand but not the need. The change of oral health demand had a major effect on the forecast of the manpower. Dental-manpower planning should consider the need as a prime factor but must be modified by the demand. It was suggested that corresponding factors of oral care personnel need to be discussed further.

Nash Social Welfare in Multiagent Resource Allocation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ramezani, Sara; Endriss, Ulle

We study different aspects of the multiagent resource allocation problem when the objective is to find an allocation that maximizes Nash social welfare, the product of the utilities of the individual agents. The Nash solution is an important welfare criterion that combines efficiency and fairness considerations. We show that the problem of finding an optimal outcome is NP-hard for a number of different languages for representing agent preferences; we establish new results regarding convergence to Nash-optimal outcomes in a distributed negotiation framework; and we design and test algorithms similar to those applied in combinatorial auctions for computing such an outcome directly.

Study on Evaluation of Project Management Data for Decommissioning of Uranium Refining and Conversion Plant - 12234

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Usui, Hideo; Izumo, Sari; Tachibana, Mitsuo

Some of nuclear facilities that would no longer be required have been decommissioned in JAEA (Japan Atomic Energy Agency). A lot of nuclear facilities have to be decommissioned in JAEA in near future. To implement decommissioning of nuclear facilities, it was important to make a rational decommissioning plan. Therefore, project management data evaluation system for dismantling activities (PRODIA code) has been developed, and will be useful for making a detailed decommissioning plan for an object facility. Dismantling of dry conversion facility in the uranium refining and conversion plant (URCP) at Ningyo-toge began in 2008. During dismantling activities, project management datamore » such as manpower and amount of waste generation have been collected. Such collected project management data has been evaluated and used to establish a calculation formula to calculate manpower for dismantling equipment of chemical process and calculate manpower for using a green house (GH) which was a temporary structure for preventing the spread of contaminants during dismantling. In the calculation formula to calculate project management data related to dismantling of equipment, the relation of dismantling manpower to each piece of equipment was evaluated. Furthermore, the relation of dismantling manpower to each chemical process was evaluated. The results showed promise for evaluating dismantling manpower with respect to each chemical process. In the calculation formula to calculate project management data related to use of the GH, relations of GH installation manpower and removal manpower to GH footprint were evaluated. Furthermore, the calculation formula for secondary waste generation was established. In this study, project management data related to dismantling of equipment and use of the GH were evaluated and analyzed. The project management data, manpower for dismantling of equipment, manpower for installation and removal of GH, and secondary waste generation from GH were considered. Establishment of the calculation formula for dismantling of each kind of equipment makes it possible to evaluate manpower for dismantling the whole facility. However, it is not easy to prepare calculation formula for all kinds of equipment that exist in the facility. Therefore, a simpler evaluation method was considered to calculate manpower based on facility characteristics. The results showed promise for evaluating dismantling manpower with respect to each chemical process. For dismantling of contaminated equipment, a GH has been used for protection of the spread of contamination. The use of a GH increases manpower for installation and removal of GH etc. Moreover, structural materials of the GH such as plastic sheets, adhesive tape become a burnable secondary waste. To create an effective dismantling plan, it is necessary to carefully consider use of a GH preliminarily. Thus, an evaluation method of project management data such as manpower and secondary waste generation was considered. The results showed promise for evaluating project management data of GH by using established calculation formula. (authors)« less

On the Allocation of Resources for Secondary Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haelermans, Carla; De Witte, Kristof; Blank, Jos L. T.

2012-01-01

This paper studies the optimal allocation of resources--in terms of school management, teachers, supporting employees and materials--in secondary schools. We use a flexible budget constrained output distance function model to estimate both technical and allocative efficiency scores for 448 Dutch secondary schools between 2002 and 2007. The results…

Allocative and implementation efficiency in HIV prevention and treatment for people who inject drugs.

PubMed

Benedikt, Clemens; Kelly, Sherrie L; Wilson, David; Wilson, David P

2016-12-01

Estimated global new HIV infections among people who inject drugs (PWID) remained stable over the 2010-2015 period and the target of a 50% reduction over this period was missed. To achieve the 2020 UNAIDS target of reducing adult HIV infections by 75% compared to 2010, accelerated action in scaling up HIV programs for PWID is required. In a context of diminishing external support to HIV programs in countries where most HIV-affected PWID live, it is essential that available resources are allocated and used as efficiently as possible. Allocative and implementation efficiency analysis methods were applied. Optima, a dynamic, population-based HIV model with an integrated program and economic analysis framework was applied in eight countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia (EECA). Mathematical analyses established optimized allocations of resources. An implementation efficiency analysis focused on examining technical efficiency, unit costs, and heterogeneity of service delivery models and practices. Findings from the latest reported data revealed that countries allocated between 4% (Bulgaria) and 40% (Georgia) of total HIV resources to programs targeting PWID - with a median of 13% for the eight countries. When distributing the same amount of HIV funding optimally, between 9% and 25% of available HIV resources would be allocated to PWID programs with a median allocation of 16% and, in addition, antiretroviral therapy would be scaled up including for PWID. As a result of optimized allocations, new HIV infections are projected to decline by 3-28% and AIDS-related deaths by 7-53% in the eight countries. Implementation efficiencies identified involve potential reductions in drug procurement costs, service delivery models, and practices and scale of service delivery influencing cost and outcome. A high level of implementation efficiency was associated with high volumes of PWID clients accessing a drug harm reduction facility. A combination of optimized allocation of resources, improved implementation efficiency and increased investment of non-HIV resources is required to enhance coverage and improve outcomes of programs for PWID. Increasing efficiency of HIV programs for PWID is a key step towards avoiding implicit rationing and ensuring transparent allocation of resources where and how they would have the largest impact on the health of PWID, and thereby ensuring that funding spent on PWID becomes a global best buy in public health. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Biomass Allocation of Stoloniferous and Rhizomatous Plant in Response to Resource Availability: A Phylogenetic Meta-Analysis

PubMed Central

Xie, Xiu-Fang; Hu, Yu-Kun; Pan, Xu; Liu, Feng-Hong; Song, Yao-Bin; Dong, Ming

2016-01-01

Resource allocation to different functions is central in life-history theory. Plasticity of functional traits allows clonal plants to regulate their resource allocation to meet changing environments. In this study, biomass allocation traits of clonal plants were categorized into absolute biomass for vegetative growth vs. for reproduction, and their relative ratios based on a data set including 115 species and derived from 139 published literatures. We examined general pattern of biomass allocation of clonal plants in response to availabilities of resource (e.g., light, nutrients, and water) using phylogenetic meta-analysis. We also tested whether the pattern differed among clonal organ types (stolon vs. rhizome). Overall, we found that stoloniferous plants were more sensitive to light intensity than rhizomatous plants, preferentially allocating biomass to vegetative growth, aboveground part and clonal reproduction under shaded conditions. Under nutrient- and water-poor condition, rhizomatous plants were constrained more by ontogeny than by resource availability, preferentially allocating biomass to belowground part. Biomass allocation between belowground and aboveground part of clonal plants generally supported the optimal allocation theory. No general pattern of trade-off was found between growth and reproduction, and neither between sexual and clonal reproduction. Using phylogenetic meta-analysis can avoid possible confounding effects of phylogeny on the results. Our results shown the optimal allocation theory explained a general trend, which the clonal plants are able to plastically regulate their biomass allocation, to cope with changing resource availability, at least in stoloniferous and rhizomatous plants. PMID:27200071

Paediatric manpower: towards the 21st century.

PubMed Central

Appleyard, W J; Jackson, A D

1988-01-01

The British Paediatric Association (BPA) has carried out a national survey of paediatric medical manpower in the hospital and community child health services. The results of the survey relating to England and Wales are presented and compared with Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS) manpower statistics. On the basis of the survey findings and current trends in the pattern of paediatric care paediatric manpower requirements over the next 10 years are estimated. PMID:3178274

MATRIS Indexing and Retrieval Thesaurus (MIRT): Definitions of Indexing Terms

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-08-01

use strategies ; may include simple manual systems for personnel management. • Bgc Marginal manpower utilization The utilization of various types of...resources. Bgg Manpower management evaluation Evaluation process including manpower plans, strategies , methods of execution, and decision making with...specialties. I I I I I I I I I U I I I I 6 MANPOWER I I I RECRUITMENT I C RECRUITMENT Process involving developing requirements and strategies for

A Novel Sensor Selection and Power Allocation Algorithm for Multiple-Target Tracking in an LPI Radar Network

PubMed Central

She, Ji; Wang, Fei; Zhou, Jianjiang

2016-01-01

Radar networks are proven to have numerous advantages over traditional monostatic and bistatic radar. With recent developments, radar networks have become an attractive platform due to their low probability of intercept (LPI) performance for target tracking. In this paper, a joint sensor selection and power allocation algorithm for multiple-target tracking in a radar network based on LPI is proposed. It is found that this algorithm can minimize the total transmitted power of a radar network on the basis of a predetermined mutual information (MI) threshold between the target impulse response and the reflected signal. The MI is required by the radar network system to estimate target parameters, and it can be calculated predictively with the estimation of target state. The optimization problem of sensor selection and power allocation, which contains two variables, is non-convex and it can be solved by separating power allocation problem from sensor selection problem. To be specific, the optimization problem of power allocation can be solved by using the bisection method for each sensor selection scheme. Also, the optimization problem of sensor selection can be solved by a lower complexity algorithm based on the allocated powers. According to the simulation results, it can be found that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the total transmitted power of a radar network, which can be conducive to improving LPI performance. PMID:28009819

Artificial Intelligence Based Control Power Optimization on Tailless Aircraft. [ARMD Seedling Fund Phase I

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gern, Frank; Vicroy, Dan D.; Mulani, Sameer B.; Chhabra, Rupanshi; Kapania, Rakesh K.; Schetz, Joseph A.; Brown, Derrell; Princen, Norman H.

2014-01-01

Traditional methods of control allocation optimization have shown difficulties in exploiting the full potential of controlling large arrays of control devices on innovative air vehicles. Artificial neutral networks are inspired by biological nervous systems and neurocomputing has successfully been applied to a variety of complex optimization problems. This project investigates the potential of applying neurocomputing to the control allocation optimization problem of Hybrid Wing Body (HWB) aircraft concepts to minimize control power, hinge moments, and actuator forces, while keeping system weights within acceptable limits. The main objective of this project is to develop a proof-of-concept process suitable to demonstrate the potential of using neurocomputing for optimizing actuation power for aircraft featuring multiple independently actuated control surfaces. A Nastran aeroservoelastic finite element model is used to generate a learning database of hinge moment and actuation power characteristics for an array of flight conditions and control surface deflections. An artificial neural network incorporating a genetic algorithm then uses this training data to perform control allocation optimization for the investigated aircraft configuration. The phase I project showed that optimization results for the sum of required hinge moments are improved by more than 12% over the best Nastran solution by using the neural network optimization process.

An intuitionistic fuzzy multi-objective non-linear programming model for sustainable irrigation water allocation under the combination of dry and wet conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Mo; Fu, Qiang; Singh, Vijay P.; Ma, Mingwei; Liu, Xiao

2017-12-01

Water scarcity causes conflicts among natural resources, society and economy and reinforces the need for optimal allocation of irrigation water resources in a sustainable way. Uncertainties caused by natural conditions and human activities make optimal allocation more complex. An intuitionistic fuzzy multi-objective non-linear programming (IFMONLP) model for irrigation water allocation under the combination of dry and wet conditions is developed to help decision makers mitigate water scarcity. The model is capable of quantitatively solving multiple problems including crop yield increase, blue water saving, and water supply cost reduction to obtain a balanced water allocation scheme using a multi-objective non-linear programming technique. Moreover, it can deal with uncertainty as well as hesitation based on the introduction of intuitionistic fuzzy numbers. Consideration of the combination of dry and wet conditions for water availability and precipitation makes it possible to gain insights into the various irrigation water allocations, and joint probabilities based on copula functions provide decision makers an average standard for irrigation. A case study on optimally allocating both surface water and groundwater to different growth periods of rice in different subareas in Heping irrigation area, Qing'an County, northeast China shows the potential and applicability of the developed model. Results show that the crop yield increase target especially in tillering and elongation stages is a prevailing concern when more water is available, and trading schemes can mitigate water supply cost and save water with an increased grain output. Results also reveal that the water allocation schemes are sensitive to the variation of water availability and precipitation with uncertain characteristics. The IFMONLP model is applicable for most irrigation areas with limited water supplies to determine irrigation water strategies under a fuzzy environment.

Optimal plant nitrogen use improves model representation of vegetation response to elevated CO2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Caldararu, Silvia; Kern, Melanie; Engel, Jan; Zaehle, Sönke

2017-04-01

Existing global vegetation models often cannot accurately represent observed ecosystem behaviour under transient conditions such as elevated atmospheric CO2, a problem that can be attributed to an inflexibility in model representation of plant responses. Plant optimality concepts have been proposed as a solution to this problem as they offer a way to represent plastic plant responses in complex models. Here we present a novel, next generation vegetation model which includes optimal nitrogen allocation to and within the canopy as well as optimal biomass allocation between above- and belowground components in response to nutrient and water availability. The underlying hypothesis is that plants adjust their use of nitrogen in response to environmental conditions and nutrient availability in order to maximise biomass growth. We show that for two FACE (Free Air CO2 enrichment) experiments, the Duke forest and Oak Ridge forest sites, the model can better predict vegetation responses over the duration of the experiment when optimal processes are included. Specifically, under elevated CO2 conditions, the model predicts a lower optimal leaf N concentration as well as increased biomass allocation to fine roots, which, combined with a redistribution of leaf N between the Rubisco and chlorophyll components, leads to a continued NPP response under high CO2, where models with a fixed canopy stoichiometry predict a quick onset of N limitation.Existing global vegetation models often cannot accurately represent observed ecosystem behaviour under transient conditions such as elevated atmospheric CO2, a problem that can be attributed to an inflexibility in model representation of plant responses. Plant optimality concepts have been proposed as a solution to this problem as they offer a way to represent plastic plant responses in complex models. Here we present a novel, next generation vegetation model which includes optimal nitrogen allocation to and within the canopy as well as optimal biomass allocation between above- and belowground components in response to nutrient and water availability. The underlying hypothesis is that plants adjust their use of nitrogen in response to environmental conditions and nutrient availability in order to maximise biomass growth. We show that for two FACE (Free Air CO2 enrichment) experiments, the Duke forest and Oak Ridge forest sites, the model can better predict vegetation responses over the duration of the experiment when optimal processes are included. Specifically, under elevated CO2 conditions, the model predicts a lower optimal leaf N concentration as well as increased biomass allocation to fine roots, which, combined with a redistribution of leaf N between the Rubisco and chlorophyll components, leads to a continued NPP response under high CO2, where models with a fixed canopy stoichiometry predict a quick onset of N limitation.

32 CFR 44.5 - Responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., before mobilization, conflicts between the mobilization manpower needs of the civilian sector and the... employers of Ready Reservists. (5) Coordinate conflicts between the mobilization manpower needs of the...) between the mobilization manpower needs of the civilian sector and the military. (3) Review...

32 CFR 44.5 - Responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., before mobilization, conflicts between the mobilization manpower needs of the civilian sector and the... employers of Ready Reservists. (5) Coordinate conflicts between the mobilization manpower needs of the...) between the mobilization manpower needs of the civilian sector and the military. (3) Review...

75 FR 59236 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-27

... Warrior Care and Recovery Transition Coordination Program System Solution SYSTEM LOCATION: Manpower Information Systems Technology Branch, Manpower Information Systems Division, Manpower and Reserve Affairs... analysis, tracking, reporting, evaluating program effectiveness and conducting research. ROUTINE USES OF...

32 CFR 44.5 - Responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., before mobilization, conflicts between the mobilization manpower needs of the civilian sector and the... employers of Ready Reservists. (5) Coordinate conflicts between the mobilization manpower needs of the...) between the mobilization manpower needs of the civilian sector and the military. (3) Review...

32 CFR 44.5 - Responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., before mobilization, conflicts between the mobilization manpower needs of the civilian sector and the... employers of Ready Reservists. (5) Coordinate conflicts between the mobilization manpower needs of the...) between the mobilization manpower needs of the civilian sector and the military. (3) Review...

32 CFR 44.5 - Responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., before mobilization, conflicts between the mobilization manpower needs of the civilian sector and the... employers of Ready Reservists. (5) Coordinate conflicts between the mobilization manpower needs of the...) between the mobilization manpower needs of the civilian sector and the military. (3) Review...

Minimizing the Total Service Time of Discrete Dynamic Berth Allocation Problem by an Iterated Greedy Heuristic

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Berth allocation is the forefront operation performed when ships arrive at a port and is a critical task in container port optimization. Minimizing the time ships spend at berths constitutes an important objective of berth allocation problems. This study focuses on the discrete dynamic berth allocation problem (discrete DBAP), which aims to minimize total service time, and proposes an iterated greedy (IG) algorithm to solve it. The proposed IG algorithm is tested on three benchmark problem sets. Experimental results show that the proposed IG algorithm can obtain optimal solutions for all test instances of the first and second problem sets and outperforms the best-known solutions for 35 out of 90 test instances of the third problem set. PMID:25295295

Optimal Resource Allocation under Fair QoS in Multi-tier Server Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akai, Hirokazu; Ushio, Toshimitsu; Hayashi, Naoki

Recent development of network technology realizes multi-tier server systems, where several tiers perform functionally different processing requested by clients. It is an important issue to allocate resources of the systems to clients dynamically based on their current requests. On the other hand, Q-RAM has been proposed for resource allocation in real-time systems. In the server systems, it is important that execution results of all applications requested by clients are the same QoS(quality of service) level. In this paper, we extend Q-RAM to multi-tier server systems and propose a method for optimal resource allocation with fairness of the QoS levels of clients’ requests. We also consider an assignment problem of physical machines to be sleep in each tier sothat the energy consumption is minimized.

Rethinking Traffic Management: Design of Optimizable Networks

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-01

Though this paper used optimization theory to design and analyze DaVinci , op- timization theory is one of many possible tools to enable a grounded...dynamically allocate bandwidth shares. The distributed protocols can be implemented using DaVinci : Dynamically Adaptive VIrtual Networks for a Customized...Internet. In DaVinci , each virtual network runs traffic-management protocols optimized for a traffic class, and link bandwidth is dynamically allocated

Multi-Objective Optimization for Trustworthy Tactical Networks: A Survey and Insights

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-06-01

existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed , and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding...problems: using repeated cooperative games [12], hedonic games [25], and nontransferable utility cooperative games [27]. It should be noted that trust...examined an optimal task allocation problem in a distributed computing system where program modules need to be allocated to different processors to

Defense Manpower Policy: Presentations from the 1976 Rand Conference on Defense Manpower

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-12-01

organizations working on defense manpower issues and problems, This book contains selected presentations from ti -a Rand Confer- ence on Defense Manpower...the complete Conference agenda.) Nevertheless, the papers included here provide a reasonably good sampling of the topics and issues addressed at the...one of the key concerns in the Pentagon and on Capitol Hill. Accordingly, the purpose of this book is to shed some light on some of the major issues

Land use allocation model considering climate change impact

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, D. K.; Yoon, E. J.; Song, Y. I.

2017-12-01

In Korea, climate change adaptation plans are being developed for each administrative district based on impact assessments constructed in various fields. This climate change impact assessments are superimposed on the actual space, which causes problems in land use allocation because the spatial distribution of individual impacts may be different each other. This implies that trade-offs between climate change impacts can occur depending on the composition of land use. Moreover, the actual space is complexly intertwined with various factors such as required area, legal regulations, and socioeconomic values, so land use allocation in consideration of climate change can be very difficult problem to solve (Liu et al. 2012; Porta et al. 2013).Optimization techniques can generate a sufficiently good alternatives for land use allocation at the strategic level if only the fitness function of relationship between impact and land use composition are derived. It has also been noted that land use optimization model is more effective than the scenario-based prediction model in achieving the objectives for problem solving (Zhang et al. 2014). Therefore in this study, we developed a quantitative tool, MOGA (Multi Objective Genetic Algorithm), which can generate a comprehensive land use allocations considering various climate change impacts, and apply it to the Gangwon-do in Korea. Genetic Algorithms (GAs) are the most popular optimization technique to address multi-objective in land use allocation. Also, it allows for immediate feedback to stake holders because it can run a number of experiments with different parameter values. And it is expected that land use decision makers and planners can formulate a detailed spatial plan or perform additional analysis based on the result of optimization model. Acknowledgments: This work was supported by the Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE) as "Climate Change Correspondence Program (Project number: 2014001310006)"

Manpower Planning: The Need for a Diagnostic Approach.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fyfe, John

1980-01-01

Makes observations about progress in the field of manpower planning in highly industrialized and developed countries. Discusses the internal and external labor market, the state of the art of manpower planning at the micro level, and an economic framework. (CT)

Optimum allocation of conservation funds and choice of conservation programs for a set of African cattle breeds

PubMed Central

Reist-Marti, Sabine B; Abdulai, Awudu; Simianer, Henner

2006-01-01

Although funds for livestock conservation are limited there is little known about the optimal allocation of conservation funds. A new algorithm was used to allocate Mio US$ 1, 2, 3, 5 or unlimited funds, discounted over 50 years, on 23 African cattle breeds conserved with four different possible conservation programs. Additionally, Mio US$ 1 was preferably allocated to breeds with special traits. The conceptional in situ conservation programs strongly involve breeders and give them part of the responsibility for the conservation of the breed. Therefore, the pure in situ conservation was more efficient than cryoconservation or combined in situ and cryoconservation. The average annual discounted conservation cost for a breed can be as low as US$ 1000 to US$ 4400 depending on the design of the conservation program and the economic situation of the country of conservation. The choice of the breeds and the optimal conservation program and the amount of money allocated to each breed depend on many factors such as the amount of funds available, the conservation potential of each breed, the effects of the conservation program as well as its cost. With Mio US$ 1, 64% of the present diversity could be maintained over 50 years, which is 13% more than would be maintained if no conservation measures were implemented. Special traits could be conserved with a rather small amount of the total funds. Diversity can not be conserved completely, not even with unlimited funds. A maximum of 92% of the present diversity could be conserved with Mio US$ 10, leaving 8% of the diversity to unpredictable happenings. The suggested algorithm proved to be useful for optimal allocation of conservation funds. It allocated the funds optimally among breeds by identifying the most suited conservation program for each breed, also accounting for differences in currency exchange rates between the different countries. PMID:16451794

Distributed Channel Allocation and Time Slot Optimization for Green Internet of Things.

PubMed

Ding, Kaiqi; Zhao, Haitao; Hu, Xiping; Wei, Jibo

2017-10-28

In sustainable smart cities, power saving is a severe challenge in the energy-constrained Internet of Things (IoT). Efficient utilization of limited multiple non-overlap channels and time resources is a promising solution to reduce the network interference and save energy consumption. In this paper, we propose a joint channel allocation and time slot optimization solution for IoT. First, we propose a channel ranking algorithm which enables each node to rank its available channels based on the channel properties. Then, we propose a distributed channel allocation algorithm so that each node can choose a proper channel based on the channel ranking and its own residual energy. Finally, the sleeping duration and spectrum sensing duration are jointly optimized to maximize the normalized throughput and satisfy energy consumption constraints simultaneously. Different from the former approaches, our proposed solution requires no central coordination or any global information that each node can operate based on its own local information in a total distributed manner. Also, theoretical analysis and extensive simulations have validated that when applying our solution in the network of IoT: (i) each node can be allocated to a proper channel based on the residual energy to balance the lifetime; (ii) the network can rapidly converge to a collision-free transmission through each node's learning ability in the process of the distributed channel allocation; and (iii) the network throughput is further improved via the dynamic time slot optimization.

Artificial intelligent techniques for optimizing water allocation in a reservoir watershed

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chang, Fi-John; Chang, Li-Chiu; Wang, Yu-Chung

2014-05-01

This study proposes a systematical water allocation scheme that integrates system analysis with artificial intelligence techniques for reservoir operation in consideration of the great uncertainty upon hydrometeorology for mitigating droughts impacts on public and irrigation sectors. The AI techniques mainly include a genetic algorithm and adaptive-network based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). We first derive evaluation diagrams through systematic interactive evaluations on long-term hydrological data to provide a clear simulation perspective of all possible drought conditions tagged with their corresponding water shortages; then search the optimal reservoir operating histogram using genetic algorithm (GA) based on given demands and hydrological conditions that can be recognized as the optimal base of input-output training patterns for modelling; and finally build a suitable water allocation scheme through constructing an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model with a learning of the mechanism between designed inputs (water discount rates and hydrological conditions) and outputs (two scenarios: simulated and optimized water deficiency levels). The effectiveness of the proposed approach is tested on the operation of the Shihmen Reservoir in northern Taiwan for the first paddy crop in the study area to assess the water allocation mechanism during drought periods. We demonstrate that the proposed water allocation scheme significantly and substantially avails water managers of reliably determining a suitable discount rate on water supply for both irrigation and public sectors, and thus can reduce the drought risk and the compensation amount induced by making restrictions on agricultural use water.

A market-based optimization approach to sensor and resource management

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schrage, Dan; Farnham, Christopher; Gonsalves, Paul G.

2006-05-01

Dynamic resource allocation for sensor management is a problem that demands solutions beyond traditional approaches to optimization. Market-based optimization applies solutions from economic theory, particularly game theory, to the resource allocation problem by creating an artificial market for sensor information and computational resources. Intelligent agents are the buyers and sellers in this market, and they represent all the elements of the sensor network, from sensors to sensor platforms to computational resources. These agents interact based on a negotiation mechanism that determines their bidding strategies. This negotiation mechanism and the agents' bidding strategies are based on game theory, and they are designed so that the aggregate result of the multi-agent negotiation process is a market in competitive equilibrium, which guarantees an optimal allocation of resources throughout the sensor network. This paper makes two contributions to the field of market-based optimization: First, we develop a market protocol to handle heterogeneous goods in a dynamic setting. Second, we develop arbitrage agents to improve the efficiency in the market in light of its dynamic nature.

Optimizing Medical Kits for Spaceflight

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Keenan, A. B,; Foy, Millennia; Myers, G.

2014-01-01

The Integrated Medical Model (IMM) is a probabilistic model that estimates medical event occurrences and mission outcomes for different mission profiles. IMM simulation outcomes describing the impact of medical events on the mission may be used to optimize the allocation of resources in medical kits. Efficient allocation of medical resources, subject to certain mass and volume constraints, is crucial to ensuring the best outcomes of in-flight medical events. We implement a new approach to this medical kit optimization problem. METHODS We frame medical kit optimization as a modified knapsack problem and implement an algorithm utilizing a dynamic programming technique. Using this algorithm, optimized medical kits were generated for 3 different mission scenarios with the goal of minimizing the probability of evacuation and maximizing the Crew Health Index (CHI) for each mission subject to mass and volume constraints. Simulation outcomes using these kits were also compared to outcomes using kits optimized..RESULTS The optimized medical kits generated by the algorithm described here resulted in predicted mission outcomes more closely approached the unlimited-resource scenario for Crew Health Index (CHI) than the implementation in under all optimization priorities. Furthermore, the approach described here improves upon in reducing evacuation when the optimization priority is minimizing the probability of evacuation. CONCLUSIONS This algorithm provides an efficient, effective means to objectively allocate medical resources for spaceflight missions using the Integrated Medical Model.

Moving on from rigid plant stoichiometry: Optimal canopy nitrogen allocation within a novel land surface model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Caldararu, S.; Kern, M.; Engel, J.; Zaehle, S.

2016-12-01

Despite recent advances in global vegetation models, we still lack the capacity to predict observed vegetation responses to experimental environmental changes such as elevated CO2, increased temperature or nutrient additions. In particular for elevated CO2 (FACE) experiments, studies have shown that this is related in part to the models' inability to represent plastic changes in nutrient use and biomass allocation. We present a newly developed vegetation model which aims to overcome these problems by including optimality processes to describe nitrogen (N) and carbon allocation within the plant. We represent nitrogen allocation to the canopy and within the canopy between photosynthetic components as an optimal processes which aims to maximize net primary production (NPP) of the plant. We also represent biomass investment into aboveground and belowground components (root nitrogen uptake , biological N fixation) as an optimal process that maximizes plant growth by considering plant carbon and nutrient demands as well as acquisition costs. The model can now represent plastic changes in canopy N content and chlorophyll and Rubisco concentrations as well as in belowground allocation both on seasonal and inter-annual time scales. Specifically, we show that under elevated CO2 conditions, the model predicts a lower optimal leaf N concentration, which, combined with a redistribution of leaf N between the Rubisco and chlorophyll components, leads to a continued NPP response under high CO2, where models with a fixed canopy stoichiometry would predicts a quick onset of N limitation. In general, our model aims to include physiologically-based plant processes and avoid arbitrarily imposed parameters and thresholds in order to improve our predictive capability of vegetation responses under changing environmental conditions.

75 FR 16760 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-02

... unless comments are received which result in a contrary determination. ADDRESSES: You may submit comments... (MCMPS) Records System Location: Headquarters Marine Corps (HQMC) Manpower Information Systems Division...), and Manpower Management Force Augmentation (MMFA), Manpower and Reserve Affairs (M&RA), HQMC personnel...

Critical Interfaces for Engineers and Scientists, 4 Appraisals. Proceedings of the Annual Joint Meeting of the Engineering Manpower Commission of Engineers Joint Council and the Scientific Manpower Commission, New York, May 18, 1967.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alden, John D.

Contained in this booklet are the speeches given at the annual joint meeting of the Engineering Manpower Commission and the Scientific Manpower Commission. Each dealt with some problem aspect of the engineer-scientist interface. The presentation by Rear Admiral W. C. Hushing of the U. S. Navy was entitled "The Impact of High Performance Science…

Optimization of Land Use Suitability for Agriculture Using Integrated Geospatial Model and Genetic Algorithms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mansor, S. B.; Pormanafi, S.; Mahmud, A. R. B.; Pirasteh, S.

2012-08-01

In this study, a geospatial model for land use allocation was developed from the view of simulating the biological autonomous adaptability to environment and the infrastructural preference. The model was developed based on multi-agent genetic algorithm. The model was customized to accommodate the constraint set for the study area, namely the resource saving and environmental-friendly. The model was then applied to solve the practical multi-objective spatial optimization allocation problems of land use in the core region of Menderjan Basin in Iran. The first task was to study the dominant crops and economic suitability evaluation of land. Second task was to determine the fitness function for the genetic algorithms. The third objective was to optimize the land use map using economical benefits. The results has indicated that the proposed model has much better performance for solving complex multi-objective spatial optimization allocation problems and it is a promising method for generating land use alternatives for further consideration in spatial decision-making.

Manpower goals in American surgery. Implications for residency training. Future surgical manpower in the framework of total United States physicians.

PubMed Central

Moore, F D

1976-01-01

Constraints on manpower are intrinsic in the establishment of standards of excellence. When such constraints are exerted by individual Boards, Societies, Colleges or Academies they should act to improve the quality of care; their weakness lies in their lack of control over non-members, or those who have failed to pass the examinations. Such manpower constraints become specific objectives or goals when the number of accredited specialists is specifically related to the size of the population served. Any such manpower planning must recognize the many uncertainties in the future of American medicine, and maintain wide elasticity in the planning process. Social and economic pressures render the consideration of specific manpower goals essential at this time. Data from the national surgical study (SOSSUS) make it possible to consider such goals. Manpower objectives for surgery or any other branch of medicine should be considered as a part of the total medical manpower outlook for the United States. Pressures to reduce the number of surgeons entering practice are notable at this time. These should be evaluated against other pressures to maintain or increase the number of hospital-based specialists in all fields as the total number of practitioners undergoes a major expansion over the next 25 years, and the pressure for specialty care is thereby increased. A reasonable balance between these two pressures would be a manpower goal for surgery that allowed a modest growth rate over the next 25-50 years. An example of such is the goal of limiting surgical practitioner growth to a 1% increase in the ratio to population, every 5 years. This would be in sharp contrast to the continuous explosive growth of numbers of surgeons, since World War II. PMID:952562

Optimal Power Allocation for CC-HARQ-based Cognitive Radio with Statistical CSI in Nakagami Slow Fading Channels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Ding; Li, Qun

2017-01-01

This paper addresses the power allocation problem for cognitive radio (CR) based on hybrid-automatic-repeat-request (HARQ) with chase combining (CC) in Nakagamimslow fading channels. We assume that, instead of the perfect instantaneous channel state information (CSI), only the statistical CSI is available at the secondary user (SU) transmitter. The aim is to minimize the SU outage probability under the primary user (PU) interference outage constraint. Using the Lagrange multiplier method, an iterative and recursive algorithm is derived to obtain the optimal power allocation for each transmission round. Extensive numerical results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm.

Liver Sharing and Organ Procurement Organization Performance under Redistricted Allocation

PubMed Central

Gentry, Sommer E.; Chow, Eric KH.; Massie, Allan; Luo, Xun; Shteyn, Eugene; Pyke, Joshua; Zaun, David; Snyder, Jon J.; Israni, Ajay K.; Kasiske, Bert; Segev, Dorry L.

2015-01-01

Concerns have been raised that optimized redistricting of liver allocation areas might have the unintended result of shifting livers from better-performing to poorer-performing OPOs. We used the Liver Simulated Allocation Model to simulate a 5-year period of liver sharing within either 4 or 8 optimized districts. We investigated whether each OPO’s net liver import under redistricting would be correlated with two OPO performance metrics (observed to expected liver yield and liver donor conversion ratio), along with two other potential correlates (eligible deaths and incident listings above MELD 15). We found no evidence that livers would flow from better-performing OPOs to poorer-performing OPOs in either redistricting scenario. Instead, under these optimized redistricting plans, our simulations suggest that livers would flow from OPOs with more-than-expected eligible deaths toward those with fewer-than-expected eligible deaths, and that livers would flow from OPOs with fewer-than-expected incident listings to those with more-than-expected incident listings, the latter a pattern already established in the current allocation system. Redistricting liver distribution to reduce geographic inequity is expected to align liver allocation across the country with the distribution of supply and demand, rather than transferring livers from better-performing OPOs to poorer-performing OPOs. PMID:25990089

Optimal conservation resource allocation under variable economic and ecological time discounting rates in boreal forest.

PubMed

Mazziotta, Adriano; Pouzols, Federico Montesino; Mönkkönen, Mikko; Kotiaho, Janne S; Strandman, Harri; Moilanen, Atte

2016-09-15

Resource allocation to multiple alternative conservation actions is a complex task. A common trade-off occurs between protection of smaller, expensive, high-quality areas versus larger, cheaper, partially degraded areas. We investigate optimal allocation into three actions in boreal forest: current standard forest management rules, setting aside of mature stands, or setting aside of clear-cuts. We first estimated how habitat availability for focal indicator species and economic returns from timber harvesting develop through time as a function of forest type and action chosen. We then developed an optimal resource allocation by accounting for budget size and habitat availability of indicator species in different forest types. We also accounted for the perspective adopted towards sustainability, modeled via temporal preference and economic and ecological time discounting. Controversially, we found that in boreal forest set-aside followed by protection of clear-cuts can become a winning cost-effective strategy when accounting for habitat requirements of multiple species, long planning horizon, and limited budget. It is particularly effective when adopting a long-term sustainability perspective, and accounting for present revenues from timber harvesting. The present analysis assesses the cost-effective conditions to allocate resources into an inexpensive conservation strategy that nevertheless has potential to produce high ecological values in the future. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Equalizing access to pandemic influenza vaccines through optimal allocation to public health distribution points.

PubMed

Huang, Hsin-Chan; Singh, Bismark; Morton, David P; Johnson, Gregory P; Clements, Bruce; Meyers, Lauren Ancel

2017-01-01

Vaccines are arguably the most important means of pandemic influenza mitigation. However, as during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, mass immunization with an effective vaccine may not begin until a pandemic is well underway. In the U.S., state-level public health agencies are responsible for quickly and fairly allocating vaccines as they become available to populations prioritized to receive vaccines. Allocation decisions can be ethically and logistically complex, given several vaccine types in limited and uncertain supply and given competing priority groups with distinct risk profiles and vaccine acceptabilities. We introduce a model for optimizing statewide allocation of multiple vaccine types to multiple priority groups, maximizing equal access. We assume a large fraction of available vaccines are distributed to healthcare providers based on their requests, and then optimize county-level allocation of the remaining doses to achieve equity. We have applied the model to the state of Texas, and incorporated it in a Web-based decision-support tool for the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS). Based on vaccine quantities delivered to registered healthcare providers in response to their requests during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic, we find that a relatively small cache of discretionary doses (DSHS reserved 6.8% in 2009) suffices to achieve equity across all counties in Texas.

Optimal allocation of leaf epidermal area for gas exchange.

PubMed

de Boer, Hugo J; Price, Charles A; Wagner-Cremer, Friederike; Dekker, Stefan C; Franks, Peter J; Veneklaas, Erik J

2016-06-01

A long-standing research focus in phytology has been to understand how plants allocate leaf epidermal space to stomata in order to achieve an economic balance between the plant's carbon needs and water use. Here, we present a quantitative theoretical framework to predict allometric relationships between morphological stomatal traits in relation to leaf gas exchange and the required allocation of epidermal area to stomata. Our theoretical framework was derived from first principles of diffusion and geometry based on the hypothesis that selection for higher anatomical maximum stomatal conductance (gsmax ) involves a trade-off to minimize the fraction of the epidermis that is allocated to stomata. Predicted allometric relationships between stomatal traits were tested with a comprehensive compilation of published and unpublished data on 1057 species from all major clades. In support of our theoretical framework, stomatal traits of this phylogenetically diverse sample reflect spatially optimal allometry that minimizes investment in the allocation of epidermal area when plants evolve towards higher gsmax . Our results specifically highlight that the stomatal morphology of angiosperms evolved along spatially optimal allometric relationships. We propose that the resulting wide range of viable stomatal trait combinations equips angiosperms with developmental and evolutionary flexibility in leaf gas exchange unrivalled by gymnosperms and pteridophytes. © 2016 The Authors New Phytologist © 2016 New Phytologist Trust.

ENGINEERING MANPOWER BULLETIN NUMBER 9.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

ALDEN, JOHN D.

DESIGNED TO INFORM LEADERS IN INDUSTRY, GOVERNMENT, AND EDUCATION, WHOSE RESPONSIBILITY INCLUDES AWARENESS OF ENGINEERING MANPOWER DEVELOPMENTS, THIS BULLETIN REPORTS A STUDY CONDUCTED BY THE ENGINEERING MANPOWER COMMISSION OF ENGINEERS IN THE ARMED SERVICES. THE WORK OF THE COMMISSION IS TO ASSURE THE MOST EFFECTIVE UTILIZATION OF ENGINEERING…

Private and Public Manpower Policies to Stimulate Productivity.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ginzberg, Eli; And Others

Realizing the relationship of productivity to technological, organizational, and manpower variables, and the need to improve and increase production gains, this document examines existing public and private entrepreneurial and industrial relations structures in an effort to ascertain manpower policy measures which if strengthened or introduced…

OPAL Netlogo Land Condition Model

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-08-15

ER D C/ CE RL T R- 14 -1 2 Optimal Allocation of Land for Training and Non-training Uses ( OPAL ) OPAL Netlogo Land Condition Model...Fulton, Natalie Myers, Scott Tweddale, Dick Gebhart, Ryan Busby, Anne Dain-Owens, and Heidi Howard August 2014 OPAL team measuring above and...online library at http://acwc.sdp.sirsi.net/client/default. Optimal Allocation of Land for Training and Non-training Uses ( OPAL ) ERDC/CERL TR-14-12

Cellular trade-offs and optimal resource allocation during cyanobacterial diurnal growth

PubMed Central

Knoop, Henning; Bockmayr, Alexander; Steuer, Ralf

2017-01-01

Cyanobacteria are an integral part of Earth’s biogeochemical cycles and a promising resource for the synthesis of renewable bioproducts from atmospheric CO2. Growth and metabolism of cyanobacteria are inherently tied to the diurnal rhythm of light availability. As yet, however, insight into the stoichiometric and energetic constraints of cyanobacterial diurnal growth is limited. Here, we develop a computational framework to investigate the optimal allocation of cellular resources during diurnal phototrophic growth using a genome-scale metabolic reconstruction of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. We formulate phototrophic growth as an autocatalytic process and solve the resulting time-dependent resource allocation problem using constraint-based analysis. Based on a narrow and well-defined set of parameters, our approach results in an ab initio prediction of growth properties over a full diurnal cycle. The computational model allows us to study the optimality of metabolite partitioning during diurnal growth. The cyclic pattern of glycogen accumulation, an emergent property of the model, has timing characteristics that are in qualitative agreement with experimental findings. The approach presented here provides insight into the time-dependent resource allocation problem of phototrophic diurnal growth and may serve as a general framework to assess the optimality of metabolic strategies that evolved in phototrophic organisms under diurnal conditions. PMID:28720699

Optimization model for the allocation of water resources based on the maximization of employment in the agriculture and industry sectors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Habibi Davijani, M.; Banihabib, M. E.; Nadjafzadeh Anvar, A.; Hashemi, S. R.

2016-02-01

In many discussions, work force is mentioned as the most important factor of production. Principally, work force is a factor which can compensate for the physical and material limitations and shortcomings of other factors to a large extent which can help increase the production level. On the other hand, employment is considered as an effective factor in social issues. The goal of the present research is the allocation of water resources so as to maximize the number of jobs created in the industry and agriculture sectors. An objective that has attracted the attention of policy makers involved in water supply and distribution is the maximization of the interests of beneficiaries and consumers in case of certain policies adopted. The present model applies the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm in order to determine the optimum amount of water allocated to each water-demanding sector, area under cultivation, agricultural production, employment in the agriculture sector, industrial production and employment in the industry sector. Based on the results obtained from this research, by optimally allocating water resources in the central desert region of Iran, 1096 jobs can be created in the industry and agriculture sectors, which constitutes an improvement of about 13% relative to the previous situation (non-optimal water utilization). It is also worth mentioning that by optimizing the employment factor as a social parameter, the other areas such as the economic sector are influenced as well. For example, in this investigation, the resulting economic benefits (incomes) have improved from 73 billion Rials at baseline employment figures to 112 billion Rials in the case of optimized employment condition. Therefore, it is necessary to change the inter-sector and intra-sector water allocation models in this region, because this change not only leads to more jobs in this area, but also causes an improvement in the region's economic conditions.

Motion-Based Piloted Simulation Evaluation of a Control Allocation Technique to Recover from Pilot Induced Oscillations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Craun, Robert W.; Acosta, Diana M.; Beard, Steven D.; Leonard, Michael W.; Hardy, Gordon H.; Weinstein, Michael; Yildiz, Yildiray

2013-01-01

This paper describes the maturation of a control allocation technique designed to assist pilots in the recovery from pilot induced oscillations (PIOs). The Control Allocation technique to recover from Pilot Induced Oscillations (CAPIO) is designed to enable next generation high efficiency aircraft designs. Energy efficient next generation aircraft require feedback control strategies that will enable lowering the actuator rate limit requirements for optimal airframe design. One of the common issues flying with actuator rate limits is PIOs caused by the phase lag between the pilot inputs and control surface response. CAPIO utilizes real-time optimization for control allocation to eliminate phase lag in the system caused by control surface rate limiting. System impacts of the control allocator were assessed through a piloted simulation evaluation of a non-linear aircraft simulation in the NASA Ames Vertical Motion Simulator. Results indicate that CAPIO helps reduce oscillatory behavior, including the severity and duration of PIOs, introduced by control surface rate limiting.

Optimal water resource allocation modelling in the Lowveld of Zimbabwe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mhiribidi, Delight; Nobert, Joel; Gumindoga, Webster; Rwasoka, Donald T.

2018-05-01

The management and allocation of water from multi-reservoir systems is complex and thus requires dynamic modelling systems to achieve optimality. A multi-reservoir system in the Southern Lowveld of Zimbabwe is used for irrigation of sugarcane estates that produce sugar for both local and export consumption. The system is burdened with water allocation problems, made worse by decommissioning of dams. Thus the aim of this research was to develop an operating policy model for the Lowveld multi-reservoir system.The Mann Kendall Trend and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank tests were used to assess the variability of historic monthly rainfall and dam inflows for the period 1899-2015. The WEAP model was set up to evaluate the water allocation system of the catchment and come-up with a reference scenario for the 2015/2016 hydrologic year. Stochastic Dynamic Programming approach was used for optimisation of the multi-reservoirs releases.Results showed no significant trend in the rainfall but a significantly decreasing trend in inflows (p < 0.05). The water allocation model (WEAP) showed significant deficits ( ˜ 40 %) in irrigation water allocation in the reference scenario. The optimal rule curves for all the twelve months for each reservoir were obtained and considered to be a proper guideline for solving multi- reservoir management problems within the catchment. The rule curves are effective tools in guiding decision makers in the release of water without emptying the reservoirs but at the same time satisfying the demands based on the inflow, initial storage and end of month storage.

Natural Environmental Service Support to NASA Vehicle, Technology, and Sensor Development Programs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

The research performed under this contract involved definition of the natural environmental parameters affecting the design, development, and operation of space and launch vehicles. The Universities Space Research Association (USRA) provided the manpower and resources to accomplish the following tasks: defining environmental parameters critical for design, development, and operation of launch vehicles; defining environmental forecasts required to assure optimal utilization of launch vehicles; and defining orbital environments of operation and developing models on environmental parameters affecting launch vehicle operations.

Military Manpower Training Report FY 1987. Volume 4. Force Readiness Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-03-01

1,902 807 405 Fort Bragg, NC 1,257 807 203 Fort Devens , MA 949 910 208 Fort Dix, NJ 1,725 480 7 Fort Eustis, VA 3,057 1,124 304 Fort Gordon, GA... complete it. The total input requirement must, therefore, be increased to compensate for expected attrition losses. The optimal leveling of monthly...above. Some recruits fall behind their peers because of illness. Others require remedial training. If this cannot be accomplished by additional

1974 Rural Manpower Report. [North Dakota].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

North Dakota State Employment Security Bureau, Bismarck. Employment Service Div.

The North Dakota Employment Security Bureau provides equality of services in all programs administered by the Bureau to rural area residents throughout the State. It also provides services to agriculture, business, government, and workers in meeting their employment and manpower needs. The Supervisor of Rural Manpower Services provides supervision…

Manpower Training in Community Colleges.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Korim, Andrew S.

The pamphlet's eight chapters review the results of a survey of community colleges, discuss some of the strengths of community colleges as they pertain to manpower training, and identify problems encountered in the operation of training programs. In addition, the development, organization, and operation of comprehensive manpower training skills…

Neurology Manpower--A Survey. NINCDS Monograph No. 16.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Neurological Association, Miami, FL.

The three-year neurology manpower study reported here was directed toward (1) identifying the presently available neurological manpower and the demographic and professional characteristics of neurologists and neurologists-in-training in the United States as of 1971; (2) determining the current and emerging patterns for utilizing neurological…

Report of the National Advisory Commission on Health Manpower. Volume 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Advisory Commission on Health Manpower, Washington, DC.

In 1966, the President established the National Advisory Commission on Health Manpower to "develop appropriate recommendations for action by government or by private institutions, organizations, or individuals for improving the availability and utilization of health manpower." Recommendations include: (1) federal funds to encourage…

Life-history strategies of North American elk: trade-offs associated with reproduction and survival

Treesearch

Sabrina Morano; Kelley M. Stewart; James S. Sedinger; Christopher A. Nicolai; Marty Vavra

2013-01-01

The principle of energy allocation states that individuals should attempt to maximize fitness by allocating resources optimally among growth, maintenance, and reproduction. Such allocation may result in trade-offs between survival and reproduction, or between current and future reproduction. We used a marked population of North American elk (Cervus elaphus...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Canavan, G.H.

Optimal offensive missile allocations for moderate offensive and defensive forces are derived and used to study their sensitivity to force structure parameters levels. It is shown that the first strike cost is a product of the number of missiles and a function of the optimum allocation. Thus, the conditions under which the number of missiles should increase or decrease in time is also determined by this allocation.

A game-theoretical pricing mechanism for multiuser rate allocation for video over WiMAX

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Chao-An; Lo, Chi-Wen; Lin, Chia-Wen; Chen, Yung-Chang

2010-07-01

In multiuser rate allocation in a wireless network, strategic users can bias the rate allocation by misrepresenting their bandwidth demands to a base station, leading to an unfair allocation. Game-theoretical approaches have been proposed to address the unfair allocation problems caused by the strategic users. However, existing approaches rely on a timeconsuming iterative negotiation process. Besides, they cannot completely prevent unfair allocations caused by inconsistent strategic behaviors. To address these problems, we propose a Search Based Pricing Mechanism to reduce the communication time and to capture a user's strategic behavior. Our simulation results show that the proposed method significantly reduce the communication time as well as converges stably to an optimal allocation.

Prince Edward Island Newstarts' Comprehensive Manpower Development System.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Connor, Thomas R.

1971-01-01

An approach to new methods of helping disadvantaged people gain employment taken by Prince Edward Island Newstart is outlined. This approach is a Comprehensive Manpower Development System. The major components of the system consist of: (1) variants of some standard manpower training programs, (2) innovative recruitment and assignment techniques,…

Manpower Policy in Norway. Reviews of Manpower and Social Policies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris (France).

In recent years the Norwegian manpower authorities have recognized the need for reevaluating and reformulating their objectives and functions and the scope of their activities. Problem areas have been identified and steps undertaken to implement recommended solutions. Efforts have been made to improve labor force participation rates, provide labor…

San Miguel County, New Mexico. A Report on Manpower Resources.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New Mexico State Employment Service, Santa Fe.

The Smaller Communities Program of Employment Security Offices furnishes manpower services to remote, low-income areas of New Mexico and makes comprehensive studies of the manpower and other resources which the community can use for expanding job opportunities. Other objectives include enumerating the unemployed, underemployed, and those wishing…

Manpower Research and Development Projects; 1973 Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Manpower Administration (DOL), Washington, DC.

The third edition of Manpower Research and Development Projects presents descriptions of 455 projects which are grouped by subject matter to facilitate description of the research and development program and the use of the material. The 199 doctoral dissertation grants and the 12 manpower research institutional grants are classified by subject…

[The actual issues of development of manpower potential in health care].

PubMed

Belostotskii, A V; Gridnev, O V; Grishina, N K; Znachkova, E A

2016-01-01

The analysis was implemented concerning main directions of development of health care manpower policy in Moscow. The activities are established related to improvement of actual situation with development of potential of medical personnel, increasing of motivation ofphysicians and paramedical personnel, improvement of conditions of development of manpower resources.

1973 Rural Manpower Report. [North Dakota]. ES-225F.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

North Dakota State Employment Security Bureau, Bismarck. Employment Service Div.

The Rural Manpower Service's objective is to provide the State's rural people "equity of access" to all programs administered by the North Dakota Employment Security Bureau. It provides services to agriculture, business, government, and workers in meeting their employment and manpower needs. Functional supervision and direction to the…

Information Manpower Forecasting. Papers Presented at the FID/ET Seminar (Espoo, Finland, August 24-27, 1988).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dosa, Marta L., Ed.; Froehlich, Thomas J., Ed.

This collection contains 20 papers written by educators, administrators and information scientists who had conducted manpower surveys in the library and information fields: (1) "Background and Evolution of Educational Planning and Forecasting for Information Manpower" (Yves Courrier); (2) "Indicators for the Emerging Information…

Engineering Manpower and Education: Foundation for Future Competitiveness.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Business-Higher Education Forum, Washington, DC.

Important issues, approaches, and options pertaining to supply and utilization of engineering manpower in the United States are outlined. An overview is presented of ongoing engineering manpower surveys, projections, and patterns, with particular emphasis on activities and trends of the past 2 years. Attention is also directed to manpower…

Counselor's Guide to Manpower Information; An Annotated Bibliography of Government Publications.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Gerard C.

This selected bibliography of materials published by all Federal and many state agencies from 1962 to 1968 is divided into four sections. One deals with occupational and industry manpower literature, including occupational outlook service information, occupational and industry manpower studies, job descriptions, and Federal government careers. The…

Agri-Manpower Forecasting and Educational Planning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ramarao, D.; Agrawal, Rashmi; Rao, B. V. L. N.; Nanda, S. K.; Joshi, Girish P.

2014-01-01

Purpose: Developing countries need to plan growth or expansion of education so as to provide required trained manpower for different occupational sectors. The paper assesses supply and demand of professional manpower in Indian agriculture and the demands are translated in to educational requirements. Methodology: The supply is assessed from the…

Manpower and the City.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bolino, August C.

Stressing the problems of American inner cities, this volume reviews major manpower problems in their urban setting, various Federal training and educational approaches to maximizing the use of manpower, and the directions that these programs may take during the 1970s. Chapter 1 reviews the general economic conditions of American cities.…

Model Special Education Manpower Information and Management System. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gilles, Cynthia

The Massachusetts Special Education Manpower Planning Project is described. Relying on cooperative planning, the project developed a system to provide information on manpower planning, a system to link other agencies with the project, and annual statements of state special education training priorities. The project also collaborated with six other…

Manpower Planning, Rate of Return Analysis, and the University Medical Schools: The Case of Australia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davis, Denis J.

1977-01-01

Some of the errors in educational planning that arise from manpower forecasts are examined using the Australian doctors manpower plan, 1975-91 as an illustration. The large variation in results that can occur through the substitution of alternatively feasible coefficients is shown. (Editor/LBH)

Toward Middle-Level Manpower Education for Colombia. A Report to USAID Colombia.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, B. Lamar

Education for middle-level manpower, a high-priority need in Colombia, is discussed. The current programs of five educational agencies--universities, university institutes, SENA (National Apprentice Service), industrial schools, and agricultural schools--that are providing some preparation for middle-level manpower positions are described. A…

Managing the Manpower Aspects of Applying Micro-Electronics Technology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thornton, P.; Routledge, C.

1980-01-01

Outlines major effects that the application of micro-electronics devices in products/processes and in office systems will have on future manpower and skill requirements in manufacturing organizations. Identifies the type of problems these changes will pose for manpower managers. Provides general guidelines for the successful management of these…

76 FR 54793 - Westpoint Home, Inc., Manufacturing Division, Including On-Site Leased Workers from Manpower...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-02

... Home, Inc., Manufacturing Division, Including On-Site Leased Workers from Manpower, Greenville, AL; Westpoint Home, Inc., Distribution Center, Including On-Site Leased Workers from Manpower, Greenville, AL..., applicable to workers of WestPoint Home, Inc., Manufacturing Division, Greenville, Alabama and WestPoint Home...

Allied Health Occupations Project, Title I, Phase I.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jensen, Mary E.

This community college investigated the demand and supply of health manpower needs in the community for purposes of developing and implementing appropriate programs for the college. A three-part questionnaire was prepared to gather data on manpower needs, educational programs, and prospective educational consumers. Manpower needs and existing…

The Application of Cost-Benefit Analysis in Manpower Area.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barsby, Steven L.

The relative efficiency of various manpower programs as seen through cost-benefit analysis is assessed, and the contribution that cost-benefit analysis has made in evaluating manpower programs is discussed, taking into account a variety of methodologies presented in different studies. Vocational rehabilitation appears to yield the highest…

Louisiana Annual Rural Manpower Report. ES-225, 1972.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Louisiana State Dept. of Employment Security, Baton Rouge

The Rural Manpower Service Section of the Louisiana Department of Employment Security provided recruitment, placement, and other Employment Service programs to the agricultural and rural non-agricultural populations. Goals of the Rural Manpower Service were to: serve the agricultural workers and rural population in accordance with existing Federal…

Manpower and project planning

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, David W.

1991-01-01

The purpose was to study how manpower and projects are planned at the Facilities Engineering Division (FENGD) within the Systems Engineering and Operations Directorate of the LaRC and to make recommendations for improving the effectiveness and productivity ot the tools that are used. The existing manpower and project planning processes (including the management plan for the FENGD, existing manpower planning reports, project reporting to LaRC and NASA Headquarters, employee time reporting, financial reporting, and coordination/tracking reports for procurement) were discussed with several people, and project planning software was evaluated.

Smithsonian’s Manpower Research and Advisory Services: a 22-Year Partnership with the Office of Naval Research

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-04-01

AD-A278 487 /-,I1111il~11 11 11 h Illlll SMITHSONIAN’S MANPOWER RESEARCH AND ADVISORY SERVICES: A 22-YEAR PARTNERSHIP WITH THE OFFICE OF NAVAL...Manpower, Personnel and Training R&D Program of the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-93- C-0129. Approved for public release; distribution...SMITHSONIAN’S MANPOWER RESEARCH AND ADVISORY SERVICES: A 22-YEAR PARTNERSHIP WITH THE OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH H. Wallace Sinaiko Final Report April

Survey of physician requirements in six specialties: manpower needs in anesthesiology, neurology, nuclear medicine, pathology, physical medicine and rehabilitation, radiology. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wills, J.

1980-07-01

This report was prepared to assist the Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee (GMENAC) in its efforts to model physician manpower requirements in six specialties: anesthesiology, neurology, nuclear medicine, pathology, physical medicine and rehabilitation, and radiology. The purpose of this report is to (1) survey and present the existing literature on manpower requirements in each of these six specialties, and (2) discuss the special problems present in each specialty in modeling manpower requirements, and where possible, suggest possible avenues of resolution.

Estimating psychiatric manpower requirements based on patients' needs.

PubMed

Faulkner, L R; Goldman, C R

1997-05-01

To provide a better understanding of the complexities of estimating psychiatric manpower requirements, the authors describe several approaches to estimation and present a method based on patients' needs. A five-step method for psychiatric manpower estimation is used, with estimates of data pertinent to each step, to calculate the total psychiatric manpower requirements for the United States. The method is also used to estimate the hours of psychiatric service per patient per year that might be available under current psychiatric practice and under a managed care scenario. Depending on assumptions about data at each step in the method, the total psychiatric manpower requirements for the U.S. population range from 2,989 to 358,696 full-time-equivalent psychiatrists. The number of available hours of psychiatric service per patient per year is 14.1 hours under current psychiatric practice and 2.8 hours under the managed care scenario. The key to psychiatric manpower estimation lies in clarifying the assumptions that underlie the specific method used. Even small differences in assumptions mean large differences in estimates. Any credible manpower estimation process must include discussions and negotiations between psychiatrists, other clinicians, administrators, and patients and families to clarify the treatment needs of patients and the roles, responsibilities, and job description of psychiatrists.

Multiple sensitive estimation and optimal sample size allocation in the item sum technique.

PubMed

Perri, Pier Francesco; Rueda García, María Del Mar; Cobo Rodríguez, Beatriz

2018-01-01

For surveys of sensitive issues in life sciences, statistical procedures can be used to reduce nonresponse and social desirability response bias. Both of these phenomena provoke nonsampling errors that are difficult to deal with and can seriously flaw the validity of the analyses. The item sum technique (IST) is a very recent indirect questioning method derived from the item count technique that seeks to procure more reliable responses on quantitative items than direct questioning while preserving respondents' anonymity. This article addresses two important questions concerning the IST: (i) its implementation when two or more sensitive variables are investigated and efficient estimates of their unknown population means are required; (ii) the determination of the optimal sample size to achieve minimum variance estimates. These aspects are of great relevance for survey practitioners engaged in sensitive research and, to the best of our knowledge, were not studied so far. In this article, theoretical results for multiple estimation and optimal allocation are obtained under a generic sampling design and then particularized to simple random sampling and stratified sampling designs. Theoretical considerations are integrated with a number of simulation studies based on data from two real surveys and conducted to ascertain the efficiency gain derived from optimal allocation in different situations. One of the surveys concerns cannabis consumption among university students. Our findings highlight some methodological advances that can be obtained in life sciences IST surveys when optimal allocation is achieved. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Solid waste management in Kolkata, India: Practices and challenges

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hazra, Tumpa; Goel, Sudha

2009-01-15

This paper presents an overview of current solid waste management (SWM) practices in Kolkata, India and suggests solutions to some of the major problems. More than 2920 ton/d of solid waste are generated in the Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC) area and the budget allocation for 2007-2008 was Rs. 1590 million (US$40 million), which amounts to Rs. 265/cap-y (US$6.7/cap-d) on SWM. This expenditure is insufficient to provide adequate SWM services. Major deficiencies were found in all elements of SWM. Despite 70% of the SWM budget being allocated for collection, collection efficiency is around 60-70% for the registered residents and less thanmore » 20% for unregistered residents (slum dwellers). The collection process is deficient in terms of manpower and vehicle availability. Bin capacity provided is adequate but locations were found to be inappropriate, thus contributing to the inefficiency of the system. At this time, no treatment is provided to the waste and waste is dumped on open land at Dhapa after collection. Lack of suitable facilities (equipment and infrastructure) and underestimates of waste generation rates, inadequate management and technical skills, improper bin collection, and route planning are responsible for poor collection and transportation of municipal solid wastes.« less

Development of Regional Supply Functions and a Least-Cost Model for Allocating Water Resources in Utah: A Parametric Linear Programming Approach.

DTIC Science & Technology

SYSTEMS ANALYSIS, * WATER SUPPLIES, MATHEMATICAL MODELS, OPTIMIZATION, ECONOMICS, LINEAR PROGRAMMING, HYDROLOGY, REGIONS, ALLOCATIONS, RESTRAINT, RIVERS, EVAPORATION, LAKES, UTAH, SALVAGE, MINES(EXCAVATIONS).

Learning automata-based solutions to the nonlinear fractional knapsack problem with applications to optimal resource allocation.

PubMed

Granmo, Ole-Christoffer; Oommen, B John; Myrer, Svein Arild; Olsen, Morten Goodwin

2007-02-01

This paper considers the nonlinear fractional knapsack problem and demonstrates how its solution can be effectively applied to two resource allocation problems dealing with the World Wide Web. The novel solution involves a "team" of deterministic learning automata (LA). The first real-life problem relates to resource allocation in web monitoring so as to "optimize" information discovery when the polling capacity is constrained. The disadvantages of the currently reported solutions are explained in this paper. The second problem concerns allocating limited sampling resources in a "real-time" manner with the purpose of estimating multiple binomial proportions. This is the scenario encountered when the user has to evaluate multiple web sites by accessing a limited number of web pages, and the proportions of interest are the fraction of each web site that is successfully validated by an HTML validator. Using the general LA paradigm to tackle both of the real-life problems, the proposed scheme improves a current solution in an online manner through a series of informed guesses that move toward the optimal solution. At the heart of the scheme, a team of deterministic LA performs a controlled random walk on a discretized solution space. Comprehensive experimental results demonstrate that the discretization resolution determines the precision of the scheme, and that for a given precision, the current solution (to both problems) is consistently improved until a nearly optimal solution is found--even for switching environments. Thus, the scheme, while being novel to the entire field of LA, also efficiently handles a class of resource allocation problems previously not addressed in the literature.

Using Simple Environmental Variables to Estimate Biomass Disturbance

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-08-01

ER D C/ CE RL T R- 14 -1 3 Optimal Allocation of Land for Training and Non-Training Uses ( OPAL ) Using Simple Environmental Variables to...Uses ( OPAL ) ERDC/CERL TR-14-13 August 2014 Using Simple Environmental Variables to Estimate Biomass Disturbance Natalie Myers, Daniel Koch...Development of the Optimal Allocation of Land for Training and Non-Training Uses ( OPAL ) Program was undertak- en to meet this need. This phase of work

OPAL Land Condition Model

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-08-01

ER D C/ CE RL S R- 14 -7 Optimal Allocation of Land for Training and Non-training Uses OPAL Land Condition Model Co ns tr uc tio n En...Optimal Allocation of Land for Training and Non-training Uses ERDC/CERL SR-14-7 August 2014 OPAL Land Condition Model Daniel Koch, Scott Tweddale...programmer information supporting the Op- timal Programming of Army Lands ( OPAL ) model, which was designed for use by trainers, Integrated Training

Virtual optical network mapping and core allocation in elastic optical networks using multi-core fibers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xuan, Hejun; Wang, Yuping; Xu, Zhanqi; Hao, Shanshan; Wang, Xiaoli

2017-11-01

Virtualization technology can greatly improve the efficiency of the networks by allowing the virtual optical networks to share the resources of the physical networks. However, it will face some challenges, such as finding the efficient strategies for virtual nodes mapping, virtual links mapping and spectrum assignment. It is even more complex and challenging when the physical elastic optical networks using multi-core fibers. To tackle these challenges, we establish a constrained optimization model to determine the optimal schemes of optical network mapping, core allocation and spectrum assignment. To solve the model efficiently, tailor-made encoding scheme, crossover and mutation operators are designed. Based on these, an efficient genetic algorithm is proposed to obtain the optimal schemes of the virtual nodes mapping, virtual links mapping, core allocation. The simulation experiments are conducted on three widely used networks, and the experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm.

Distributed Optimal Consensus Over Resource Allocation Network and Its Application to Dynamical Economic Dispatch.

PubMed

Li, Chaojie; Yu, Xinghuo; Huang, Tingwen; He, Xing; Chaojie Li; Xinghuo Yu; Tingwen Huang; Xing He; Li, Chaojie; Huang, Tingwen; He, Xing; Yu, Xinghuo

2018-06-01

The resource allocation problem is studied and reformulated by a distributed interior point method via a -logarithmic barrier. By the facilitation of the graph Laplacian, a fully distributed continuous-time multiagent system is developed for solving the problem. Specifically, to avoid high singularity of the -logarithmic barrier at boundary, an adaptive parameter switching strategy is introduced into this dynamical multiagent system. The convergence rate of the distributed algorithm is obtained. Moreover, a novel distributed primal-dual dynamical multiagent system is designed in a smart grid scenario to seek the saddle point of dynamical economic dispatch, which coincides with the optimal solution. The dual decomposition technique is applied to transform the optimization problem into easily solvable resource allocation subproblems with local inequality constraints. The good performance of the new dynamical systems is, respectively, verified by a numerical example and the IEEE six-bus test system-based simulations.

A decision-analytic approach to the optimal allocation of resources for endangered species consultation

USGS Publications Warehouse

Converse, Sarah J.; Shelley, Kevin J.; Morey, Steve; Chan, Jeffrey; LaTier, Andrea; Scafidi, Carolyn; Crouse, Deborah T.; Runge, Michael C.

2011-01-01

The resources available to support conservation work, whether time or money, are limited. Decision makers need methods to help them identify the optimal allocation of limited resources to meet conservation goals, and decision analysis is uniquely suited to assist with the development of such methods. In recent years, a number of case studies have been described that examine optimal conservation decisions under fiscal constraints; here we develop methods to look at other types of constraints, including limited staff and regulatory deadlines. In the US, Section Seven consultation, an important component of protection under the federal Endangered Species Act, requires that federal agencies overseeing projects consult with federal biologists to avoid jeopardizing species. A benefit of consultation is negotiation of project modifications that lessen impacts on species, so staff time allocated to consultation supports conservation. However, some offices have experienced declining staff, potentially reducing the efficacy of consultation. This is true of the US Fish and Wildlife Service's Washington Fish and Wildlife Office (WFWO) and its consultation work on federally-threatened bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus). To improve effectiveness, WFWO managers needed a tool to help allocate this work to maximize conservation benefits. We used a decision-analytic approach to score projects based on the value of staff time investment, and then identified an optimal decision rule for how scored projects would be allocated across bins, where projects in different bins received different time investments. We found that, given current staff, the optimal decision rule placed 80% of informal consultations (those where expected effects are beneficial, insignificant, or discountable) in a short bin where they would be completed without negotiating changes. The remaining 20% would be placed in a long bin, warranting an investment of seven days, including time for negotiation. For formal consultations (those where expected effects are significant), 82% of projects would be placed in a long bin, with an average time investment of 15. days. The WFWO is using this decision-support tool to help allocate staff time. Because workload allocation decisions are iterative, we describe a monitoring plan designed to increase the tool's efficacy over time. This work has general application beyond Section Seven consultation, in that it provides a framework for efficient investment of staff time in conservation when such time is limited and when regulatory deadlines prevent an unconstrained approach. ?? 2010.

Optimal resource allocation for novelty detection in a human auditory memory.

PubMed

Sinkkonen, J; Kaski, S; Huotilainen, M; Ilmoniemi, R J; Näätänen, R; Kaila, K

1996-11-04

A theory of resource allocation for neuronal low-level filtering is presented, based on an analysis of optimal resource allocation in simple environments. A quantitative prediction of the theory was verified in measurements of the magnetic mismatch response (MMR), an auditory event-related magnetic response of the human brain. The amplitude of the MMR was found to be directly proportional to the information conveyed by the stimulus. To the extent that the amplitude of the MMR can be used to measure resource usage by the auditory cortex, this finding supports our theory that, at least for early auditory processing, energy resources are used in proportion to the information content of incoming stimulus flow.

Organizati" and Programs of the U.S. Department of Labor: Manpower Administration.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Manpower Administration (DOL), Washington, DC.

This publication was prepared to assist agencies in the development of manpower programs under the Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act of 1966. It contains information concerning the: (1)Manpowe r Administration (MA), (2)Bureau of Employment Security (BES), (3)Bureau of Apprenticeship and Training (BAT), (4)Bureau of Work…

Towards a National Mental Retardation Manpower Model for Canada.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Linton, Thomas E.

The stated need for developing a national mental retardation manpower model for Canada is not the manpower shortages in mental retardation, but the unsound conceptual and functional approaches to the socialization and education of the mentally retarded. The report is divided into the four major areas investigated by a task force. First, the…

RETRAINING UNDER THE MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING ACT OF 1962--INSTITUTIONAL PROGRAMS.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

HOOS, IDA R.

A DISCUSSION OF INSTITUTIONAL RETRAINING PROGRAMS UNDER THE MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING ACT (1962) OUTLINES MANPOWER REPORTING AND TRAINING PROVISIONS OF THE ACT ITSELF, DISCUSSES PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTATION IN CALIFORNIA (I.E., DIFFICULTY IN FURNISHING ON-THE-JOB PROGRAMS AND PROPER COUNSELING), OUTLINES NATIONAL AND REGIONAL TRAINING UNDER…

A Report on Physician Manpower and Medical Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Medical Association, Chicago, IL.

This report on physician manpower and medical education was prepared jointly by the Council on Medical Education and the Council on Health Manpower, and was adopted by the AMA House of Delegates. It discusses: (1) the AMA's concern for, but noninvolvement in the number of students admitted to medical schools; (2) general considerations of manpower…

Indian Manpower Resources in the Southwest: A Pilot Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, Benjamin J.; O'Connor, Dennis J.

The Indian Manpower Resource Study (IMRS) was undertaken to provide basic information essential to the planning and development of effective programs to make use of the manpower resource of reservation Indians in Arizona and New Mexico. In the past, decision making has largely been undertaken with a minimum of valid information. The reservations…

Graduate Student Support and Manpower Resources in Graduate Science Education, Fall 1970.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Science Foundation, Washington, DC.

Current data on graduate student support and manpower resources in graduate science education are important to science administrators, educators, and others concerned with the education of highly qualified scientists and engineers and other related manpower issues. They are also of interest to prospective graduate students, vocational counselors,…

A Plan of Action for Selected Health Manpower; A Supplementary Manpower Report to Alabama Comprehensive Health Planning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alabama State Dept. of Public Health, Montgomery. Comprehensive Health Planning Administration.

Fourteen categories of manpower, comprising 75 percent of the total health work force requiring formal training of six months or more in Alabama, are studied in this preliminary report. They are physicians, dentists, optometrists, pharmacists, medical technologists, certified laboratory assistants, sanitarians, medical records clerks, radiologic…

Coaching in a Manpower Project. Based on the Experiences of the JOBS NOW Project (September 1966-January 1970).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rogers, David J.; Silverstein, Charles

This description of "coaching" in a 4-year federally funded special manpower demonstration project, JOBS NOW, is intended especially for program administrators, industrial personnel, and guidance counselors. The project was designed to train and employ previously unemployable, disadvantaged, young black adults, provide manpower systems…

The Place of Education in Manpower Planning in Developing Countries

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fapohunda, Olanrewaju J.

1974-01-01

Defines manpower planning and outlines its objectives, describes the effects of education on economic growth in developing countries, and discusses problems of education in manpower planning: questions of the source of education, the content, and the percentage of the population ot be educated at a given time. Important political limitations are…

Manpower Planning Criteria Manual, Construction Grants Section.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Texas State Dept. of Water Resources, Austin.

This document presents the material developed in conjunction with a project directed to test a methodology that a state water pollution control agency can use in determining its manpower and training needs. Included is a compilation of the manpower planning criteria used to relate numbers and types of personnel with deferred workloads. It also…

Opportunities in Manpower Training Programs for the Forest Service and Its Cooperators.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Forest Service (USDA), Washington, DC.

Manpower programs in which the U.S. Forest Service can participate are identified in this booklet, and methods and procedures for initiating programs in the interest of meeting the needs of rural areas are explained. Major divisions of the document are Overall Planning, Program Sponsorship, The Program-Operation Mainstream, Manpower Development…

Annual Rural Manpower Report, 1975. State of Maine.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maine State Dept. of Manpower Affairs, Augusta.

The Annual Rural Manpower Report is a summary of events and programs affecting rural communities during 1975. Intended as a general overview of activities in rural Maine, it is not an indepth study of all manpower programs serving the state. Part I provides the annual summary and discusses planning, economic development, employment and…

Defense.gov - Special Report: Hispanic American Heritage Month - 2013

Science.gov Websites

as the assistant secretary of the Navy (Manpower and Reserve Affairs) on Sept. 16, 2009. In this manpower requirements determination. Cruz has been leading all phases of program management in implementing helped to get the AWPS system certified to Congress as being operational for determining manpower

The Area Resource File: ARF. A Manpower Planning and Research Tool.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Applied Management Sciences, Inc., Silver Spring, MD.

This publication describes the Area Resource File (ARF), a computer-based, county-specific health information system with broad analytical capabilities which utilizes manpower and manpower-related data that are available on a compatible basis for all counties in the United States, and which was developed to summarize statistics from many disparate…

HEALTH MANPOWER RESEARCH. VOLUME 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

BUTTER, IRENE; AND OTHERS

THE TWO PARTS OF THE DOCUMENT REFLECT THE ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT TO FULFILL THE PRIMARY PURPOSES OF A PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE CONTRACT (1) TO STIMULATE FURTHER ACADEMICALLY BASED HEALTH MANPOWER RESEARCH, AND (2) TO EXAMINE THE FIELD IN ORDER TO RECOMMEND PRIORITY AREAS OF HEALTH MANPOWER RESEARCH. PART A INCLUDES--(1) REFERENCE TO A SURVEY PAPER…

77 FR 34941 - Privacy Act of 1974; Notice of a Computer Matching Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-12

...; Notice of a Computer Matching Program AGENCY: Defense Manpower Data Center, DoD. ACTION: Notice of a... computer matching program are the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and the Defense Manpower Data Center... identified as DMDC 01, entitled ``Defense Manpower Data Center Data Base,'' last published in the Federal...

Manpower Development and Training in Correctional Programs. MDTA Experimental and Demonstration Findings No. 3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Manpower Administration (DOL), Washington, DC.

Four conferences on manpower development and training in correctional institutions were sponsored by the Manpower Administration to bring together the basic groups of people charged with responsibility in prisoner rehabilitation and to disseminate to them the significant results of experimental, demonstration, and research projects engaged in…

78 FR 78838 - National Medal of Technology and Innovation Call for 2014 Nominations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-27

... development of technological manpower, you may obtain a nomination form from: http://www.uspto.gov/about/nmti... to the development of technological manpower, for the improvement of the economic, environmental or...'s technological manpower has had a profound and significant impact on our economy and way of life...

FIRST ANNUAL REPORT, 7-1-66 TO 5-31-67.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

JAKUBAUSKAS, EDWARD B.

SUPPORTED BY A MANPOWER INSTITUTIONAL GRANT, THE CENTER'S PURPOSES WERE TO (1) CONDUCT BASIC MANPOWER RESEARCH OF REGIONAL AND NATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE, (2) DEVELOP A SUPPLY OF SCHOLARS IN MANPOWER, (3) UPDATE SKILLS OF SCHOLARS AND PRACTITIONERS THROUGH WORKSHOPS AND INSTITUTES, AND (4) DEVELOP AND MAINTAIN A CLEARINGHOUSE OF RESEARCH AND TO…

77 FR 35432 - Privacy Act of 1974, Computer Matching Program: United States Postal Service and the Defense...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-13

... the Defense Manpower Data Center, Department of Defense AGENCY: Postal Service TM . ACTION: Notice of Computer Matching Program--United States Postal Service and the Defense Manpower Data Center, Department of... as the recipient agency in a computer matching program with the Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC...

The National Manpower Survey of the Criminal Justice System. Volume Four: Courts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Planning Association, Washington, DC.

Focusing on adjudication manpower (judges, prosecutors, public defenders, court administrators, and probation officers), this document is one in a series of six volumes reporting the results of the National Manpower Survey (NMS) of the Criminal Justice System. Chapter 1 of six chapters summarizes the major results and recommendations of an…

Manpower Aspects of Recent Economic Developments in Europe.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

International Labour Office, Geneva (Switzerland).

This book examined economic growth and manpower policy and developments in Europe. Chapter I presents statistical data on labor force growth, trends in unemployment, occupational structure, and technological change for 1950-65 and made projections for 1965-80. The second chapter is an analysis of the relationship of manpower policy to general…

Federal Manpower Legislation and the Academic Health Centers: An Interim Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carter, Grace M.; And Others

Health Manpower Legislation and related research aspects are the topics of this report. The program of the Comprehensive Health Manpower Training Act of 1971 played a major role in the medical school enrollment expansion that occurred between 1971 and 1973. Medical school admissions decisions have been responsible to federal policy objectives and…

Diagnosis: Acute. Report of Health Manpower Committee.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Health and Hospital Council, Charlotte, NC.

The number of health workers in Charlotte is inadequate. A local survey reported approximately 10 0/0 of total positions to be vacant. In an effort to help meet the critical manpower needs of the area, the Health Manpower Committee made these recommendations: existing local programs for registered nurses should continue to work toward increasing…

1973 Maryland Rural Manpower Report. Report No. MA 5-79.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maryland State Dept. of Employment and Social Services, Baltimore. Employment Security Administration.

Prepared by the State Department of Employment and Social Services (Research and Analysis Division) and the Rural Manpower Staff, this 1973 annual report provides a summary and review of the activities of Maryland's Rural Manpower Services Program. The report briefly gives: (1) a statement on the program's administrative organization and…

A Navy Shore Activity Manpower Planning System for Civilians. Technical Report No. 24.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Niehaus, R. J.; Sholtz, D.

This report describes the U.S. Navy Shore Activity Manpower Planning System (SAMPS) advanced development research project. This effort is aimed at large-scale feasibility tests of manpower models for large Naval installations. These local planning systems are integrated with Navy-wide information systems on a data-communications network accessible…

Performance Evaluation Model for Application Layer Firewalls.

PubMed

Xuan, Shichang; Yang, Wu; Dong, Hui; Zhang, Jiangchuan

2016-01-01

Application layer firewalls protect the trusted area network against information security risks. However, firewall performance may affect user experience. Therefore, performance analysis plays a significant role in the evaluation of application layer firewalls. This paper presents an analytic model of the application layer firewall, based on a system analysis to evaluate the capability of the firewall. In order to enable users to improve the performance of the application layer firewall with limited resources, resource allocation was evaluated to obtain the optimal resource allocation scheme in terms of throughput, delay, and packet loss rate. The proposed model employs the Erlangian queuing model to analyze the performance parameters of the system with regard to the three layers (network, transport, and application layers). Then, the analysis results of all the layers are combined to obtain the overall system performance indicators. A discrete event simulation method was used to evaluate the proposed model. Finally, limited service desk resources were allocated to obtain the values of the performance indicators under different resource allocation scenarios in order to determine the optimal allocation scheme. Under limited resource allocation, this scheme enables users to maximize the performance of the application layer firewall.

Supply chain carbon footprinting and responsibility allocation under emission regulations.

PubMed

Chen, Jin-Xiao; Chen, Jian

2017-03-01

Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions has become an enormous challenge for any single enterprise and its supply chain because of the increasing concern on global warming. This paper investigates carbon footprinting and responsibility allocation for supply chains involved in joint production. Our study is conducted from the perspective of a social planner who aims to achieve social value optimization. The carbon footprinting model is based on operational activities rather than on firms because joint production blurs the organizational boundaries of footprints. A general model is proposed for responsibility allocation among firms who seek to maximize individual profits. This study looks into ways for the decentralized supply chain to achieve centralized optimality of social value under two emission regulations. Given a balanced allocation for the entire supply chain, we examine the necessity of over-allocation to certain firms under specific situations and find opportunities for the firms to avoid over-allocation. The comparison of the two regulations reveals that setting an emission standard per unit of product will motivate firms to follow the standard and improve their emission efficiencies. Hence, a more efficient and promising policy is needed in contrast to existing regulations on total production. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Optimal allocation of the limited oral cholera vaccine supply between endemic and epidemic settings.

PubMed

Moore, Sean M; Lessler, Justin

2015-10-06

The World Health Organization (WHO) recently established a global stockpile of oral cholera vaccine (OCV) to be preferentially used in epidemic response (reactive campaigns) with any vaccine remaining after 1 year allocated to endemic settings. Hence, the number of cholera cases or deaths prevented in an endemic setting represents the minimum utility of these doses, and the optimal risk-averse response to any reactive vaccination request (i.e. the minimax strategy) is one that allocates the remaining doses between the requested epidemic response and endemic use in order to ensure that at least this minimum utility is achieved. Using mathematical models, we find that the best minimax strategy is to allocate the majority of doses to reactive campaigns, unless the request came late in the targeted epidemic. As vaccine supplies dwindle, the case for reactive use of the remaining doses grows stronger. Our analysis provides a lower bound for the amount of OCV to keep in reserve when responding to any request. These results provide a strategic context for the fulfilment of requests to the stockpile, and define allocation strategies that minimize the number of OCV doses that are allocated to suboptimal situations. © 2015 The Authors.

Motion-related resource allocation in dynamic wireless visual sensor network environments.

PubMed

Katsenou, Angeliki V; Kondi, Lisimachos P; Parsopoulos, Konstantinos E

2014-01-01

This paper investigates quality-driven cross-layer optimization for resource allocation in direct sequence code division multiple access wireless visual sensor networks. We consider a single-hop network topology, where each sensor transmits directly to a centralized control unit (CCU) that manages the available network resources. Our aim is to enable the CCU to jointly allocate the transmission power and source-channel coding rates for each node, under four different quality-driven criteria that take into consideration the varying motion characteristics of each recorded video. For this purpose, we studied two approaches with a different tradeoff of quality and complexity. The first one allocates the resources individually for each sensor, whereas the second clusters them according to the recorded level of motion. In order to address the dynamic nature of the recorded scenery and re-allocate the resources whenever it is dictated by the changes in the amount of motion in the scenery, we propose a mechanism based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm, combined with two restarting schemes that either exploit the previously determined resource allocation or conduct a rough estimation of it. Experimental simulations demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approaches.

Decision tables and rule engines in organ allocation systems for optimal transparency and flexibility.

PubMed

Schaafsma, Murk; van der Deijl, Wilfred; Smits, Jacqueline M; Rahmel, Axel O; de Vries Robbé, Pieter F; Hoitsma, Andries J

2011-05-01

Organ allocation systems have become complex and difficult to comprehend. We introduced decision tables to specify the rules of allocation systems for different organs. A rule engine with decision tables as input was tested for the Kidney Allocation System (ETKAS). We compared this rule engine with the currently used ETKAS by running 11,000 historical match runs and by running the rule engine in parallel with the ETKAS on our allocation system. Decision tables were easy to implement and successful in verifying correctness, completeness, and consistency. The outcomes of the 11,000 historical matches in the rule engine and the ETKAS were exactly the same. Running the rule engine simultaneously in parallel and in real time with the ETKAS also produced no differences. Specifying organ allocation rules in decision tables is already a great step forward in enhancing the clarity of the systems. Yet, using these tables as rule engine input for matches optimizes the flexibility, simplicity and clarity of the whole process, from specification to the performed matches, and in addition this new method allows well controlled simulations. © 2011 The Authors. Transplant International © 2011 European Society for Organ Transplantation.

Artificial Intelligence Techniques for the Berth Allocation and Container Stacking Problems in Container Terminals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Salido, Miguel A.; Rodriguez-Molins, Mario; Barber, Federico

The Container Stacking Problem and the Berth Allocation Problem are two important problems in maritime container terminal's management which are clearly related. Terminal operators normally demand all containers to be loaded into an incoming vessel should be ready and easily accessible in the terminal before vessel's arrival. Similarly, customers (i.e., vessel owners) expect prompt berthing of their vessels upon arrival. In this paper, we present an artificial intelligence based-integrated system to relate these problems. Firstly, we develop a metaheuristic algorithm for berth allocation which generates an optimized order of vessel to be served according to existing berth constraints. Secondly, we develop a domain-oriented heuristic planner for calculating the number of reshuffles needed to allocate containers in the appropriate place for a given berth ordering of vessels. By combining these optimized solutions, terminal operators can be assisted to decide the most appropriated solution in each particular case.

Asynchronous Incremental Stochastic Dual Descent Algorithm for Network Resource Allocation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bedi, Amrit Singh; Rajawat, Ketan

2018-05-01

Stochastic network optimization problems entail finding resource allocation policies that are optimum on an average but must be designed in an online fashion. Such problems are ubiquitous in communication networks, where resources such as energy and bandwidth are divided among nodes to satisfy certain long-term objectives. This paper proposes an asynchronous incremental dual decent resource allocation algorithm that utilizes delayed stochastic {gradients} for carrying out its updates. The proposed algorithm is well-suited to heterogeneous networks as it allows the computationally-challenged or energy-starved nodes to, at times, postpone the updates. The asymptotic analysis of the proposed algorithm is carried out, establishing dual convergence under both, constant and diminishing step sizes. It is also shown that with constant step size, the proposed resource allocation policy is asymptotically near-optimal. An application involving multi-cell coordinated beamforming is detailed, demonstrating the usefulness of the proposed algorithm.

Decision-theoretic methodology for reliability and risk allocation in nuclear power plants

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cho, N.Z.; Papazoglou, I.A.; Bari, R.A.

1985-01-01

This paper describes a methodology for allocating reliability and risk to various reactor systems, subsystems, components, operations, and structures in a consistent manner, based on a set of global safety criteria which are not rigid. The problem is formulated as a multiattribute decision analysis paradigm; the multiobjective optimization, which is performed on a PRA model and reliability cost functions, serves as the guiding principle for reliability and risk allocation. The concept of noninferiority is used in the multiobjective optimization problem. Finding the noninferior solution set is the main theme of the current approach. The assessment of the decision maker's preferencesmore » could then be performed more easily on the noninferior solution set. Some results of the methodology applications to a nontrivial risk model are provided and several outstanding issues such as generic allocation and preference assessment are discussed.« less

Research on Multirobot Pursuit Task Allocation Algorithm Based on Emotional Cooperation Factor

PubMed Central

Fang, Baofu; Chen, Lu; Wang, Hao; Dai, Shuanglu; Zhong, Qiubo

2014-01-01

Multirobot task allocation is a hot issue in the field of robot research. A new emotional model is used with the self-interested robot, which gives a new way to measure self-interested robots' individual cooperative willingness in the problem of multirobot task allocation. Emotional cooperation factor is introduced into self-interested robot; it is updated based on emotional attenuation and external stimuli. Then a multirobot pursuit task allocation algorithm is proposed, which is based on emotional cooperation factor. Combined with the two-step auction algorithm recruiting team leaders and team collaborators, set up pursuit teams, and finally use certain strategies to complete the pursuit task. In order to verify the effectiveness of this algorithm, some comparing experiments have been done with the instantaneous greedy optimal auction algorithm; the results of experiments show that the total pursuit time and total team revenue can be optimized by using this algorithm. PMID:25152925

Research on multirobot pursuit task allocation algorithm based on emotional cooperation factor.

PubMed

Fang, Baofu; Chen, Lu; Wang, Hao; Dai, Shuanglu; Zhong, Qiubo

2014-01-01

Multirobot task allocation is a hot issue in the field of robot research. A new emotional model is used with the self-interested robot, which gives a new way to measure self-interested robots' individual cooperative willingness in the problem of multirobot task allocation. Emotional cooperation factor is introduced into self-interested robot; it is updated based on emotional attenuation and external stimuli. Then a multirobot pursuit task allocation algorithm is proposed, which is based on emotional cooperation factor. Combined with the two-step auction algorithm recruiting team leaders and team collaborators, set up pursuit teams, and finally use certain strategies to complete the pursuit task. In order to verify the effectiveness of this algorithm, some comparing experiments have been done with the instantaneous greedy optimal auction algorithm; the results of experiments show that the total pursuit time and total team revenue can be optimized by using this algorithm.

From honeybees to Internet servers: biomimicry for distributed management of Internet hosting centers.

PubMed

Nakrani, Sunil; Tovey, Craig

2007-12-01

An Internet hosting center hosts services on its server ensemble. The center must allocate servers dynamically amongst services to maximize revenue earned from hosting fees. The finite server ensemble, unpredictable request arrival behavior and server reallocation cost make server allocation optimization difficult. Server allocation closely resembles honeybee forager allocation amongst flower patches to optimize nectar influx. The resemblance inspires a honeybee biomimetic algorithm. This paper describes details of the honeybee self-organizing model in terms of information flow and feedback, analyzes the homology between the two problems and derives the resulting biomimetic algorithm for hosting centers. The algorithm is assessed for effectiveness and adaptiveness by comparative testing against benchmark and conventional algorithms. Computational results indicate that the new algorithm is highly adaptive to widely varying external environments and quite competitive against benchmark assessment algorithms. Other swarm intelligence applications are briefly surveyed, and some general speculations are offered regarding their various degrees of success.

Chapter 3. Coordination and collaboration with interface units. Recommendations and standard operating procedures for intensive care unit and hospital preparations for an influenza epidemic or mass disaster.

PubMed

Joynt, Gavin M; Loo, Shi; Taylor, Bruce L; Margalit, Gila; Christian, Michael D; Sandrock, Christian; Danis, Marion; Leoniv, Yuval; Sprung, Charles L

2010-04-01

To provide recommendations and standard operating procedures (SOPs) for intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital preparations for an influenza pandemic or mass disaster with a specific focus on enhancing coordination and collaboration between the ICU and other key stakeholders. Based on a literature review and expert opinion, a Delphi process was used to define the essential topics including coordination and collaboration. Key recommendations include: (1) establish an Incident Management System with Emergency Executive Control Groups at facility, local, regional/state or national levels to exercise authority and direction over resource use and communications; (2) develop a system of communication, coordination and collaboration between the ICU and key interface departments within the hospital; (3) identify key functions or processes requiring coordination and collaboration, the most important of these being manpower and resources utilization (surge capacity) and re-allocation of personnel, equipment and physical space; (4) develop processes to allow smooth inter-departmental patient transfers; (5) creating systems and guidelines is not sufficient, it is important to: (a) identify the roles and responsibilities of key individuals necessary for the implementation of the guidelines; (b) ensure that these individuals are adequately trained and prepared to perform their roles; (c) ensure adequate equipment to allow key coordination and collaboration activities; (d) ensure an adequate physical environment to allow staff to properly implement guidelines; (6) trigger events for determining a crisis should be defined. Judicious planning and adoption of protocols for coordination and collaboration with interface units are necessary to optimize outcomes during a pandemic.

Chapter 3. Coordination and collaboration with interface units

PubMed Central

Joynt, Gavin M.; Loo, Shi; Taylor, Bruce L.; Margalit, Gila; Christian, Michael D.; Sandrock, Christian; Danis, Marion; Leoniv, Yuval

2016-01-01

Purpose To provide recommendations and standard operating procedures (SOPs) for intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital preparations for an influenza pandemic or mass disaster with a specific focus on enhancing coordination and collaboration between the ICU and other key stakeholders. Methods Based on a literature review and expert opinion, a Delphi process was used to define the essential topics including coordination and collaboration. Results Key recommendations include: (1) establish an Incident Management System with Emergency Executive Control Groups at facility, local, regional/state or national levels to exercise authority and direction over resource use and communications; (2) develop a system of communication, coordination and collaboration between the ICU and key interface departments within the hospital; (3) identify key functions or processes requiring coordination and collaboration, the most important of these being manpower and resources utilization (surge capacity) and re-allocation of personnel, equipment and physical space; (4) develop processes to allow smooth inter-departmental patient transfers; (5) creating systems and guidelines is not sufficient, it is important to: (a) identify the roles and responsibilities of key individuals necessary for the implementation of the guidelines; (b) ensure that these individuals are adequately trained and prepared to perform their roles; (c) ensure adequate equipment to allow key coordination and collaboration activities; (d) ensure an adequate physical environment to allow staff to properly implement guidelines; (6) trigger events for determining a crisis should be defined. Conclusions Judicious planning and adoption of protocols for coordination and collaboration with interface units are necessary to optimize outcomes during a pandemic. PMID:20213418

Input and output constraints affecting irrigation development

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schramm, G.

1981-05-01

In many of the developing countries the expansion of irrigated agriculture is used as a major development tool for bringing about increases in agricultural output, rural economic growth and income distribution. Apart from constraints imposed by water availability, the major limitations considered to any acceleration of such programs are usually thought to be those of costs and financial resources. However, as is shown on the basis of empirical data drawn from Mexico, in reality the feasibility and effectiveness of such development programs is even more constrained by the lack of specialized physical and human factors on the input and market limitations on the output side. On the input side, the limited availability of complementary factors such as, for example, truly functioning credit systems for small-scale farmers or effective agricultural extension services impose long-term constraints on development. On the output side the limited availability, high risk, and relatively slow growth of markets for high-value crops sharply reduce the usually hoped-for and projected profitable crop mix that would warrant the frequently high costs of irrigation investments. Three conclusions are drawn: (1) Factors in limited supply have to be shadow-priced to reflect their high opportunity costs in alternative uses. (2) Re-allocation of financial resources from immediate construction of projects to longer-term increase in the supply of scarce, highly-trained manpower resources are necessary in order to optimize development over time. (3) Inclusion of high-value, high-income producing crops in the benefit-cost analysis of new projects is inappropriate if these crops could potentially be grown in already existing projects.

[Optimizing primary total hip replacement--a technique to effect saving of manpower].

PubMed

Huber, J F; Rink, M; Broger, I; Zumstein, M; Ruflin, G B

2003-01-01

Development of a standardized surgical technique for total hip replacement thereby saving manpower (one assistant) by using a retractor system. Total hip replacement is performed with the patient in a true lateral position on a tunnel cushion. By means of a direct lateral approach the pelvitrochanteric muscles are partially detached using an omega-shaped cut. The Bookwalter retractor is fixed dorsally on the operating table. The ring is centered keeping the greater trochanter in the middle. The Hohmann retractors are fixed to the ring to sufficiently expose the acetabulum. To insert the femoral stem the ring needs to be opened dorsally and the patient's leg is bent 90 degrees in the hip and the knee over the tunnel cushion. The muscles inserting at the greater trochanter are retracted by a separate Hohmann retractor with weight. In a case control study with matched pairs the patients treated with this technique were compared with those treated in supine position with the transgluteal approach. The number of assistants required and the operating time were assessed. All the hip replacements with the patient in side position were performed with one assistant, in supine position with two assistants. The operating time did not differ significantly (supine position 110 min/side position 112 min). The complication rate in both groups was comparable (one secondary wound healing, one transient ischalgia). The process of total hip replacement can be optimized. The described technique allows to spare one surgical assistant without prolonging the operating time.

Optimal Power Allocation for Downstream xDSL With Per-Modem Total Power Constraints: Broadcast Channel Optimal Spectrum Balancing (BC-OSB)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Le Nir, Vincent; Moonen, Marc; Verlinden, Jan; Guenach, Mamoun

2009-02-01

Recently, the duality between Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Multiple Access Channels (MAC) and MIMO Broadcast Channels (BC) has been established under a total power constraint. The same set of rates for MAC can be achieved in BC exploiting the MAC-BC duality formulas while preserving the total power constraint. In this paper, we describe the BC optimal power allo- cation applying this duality in a downstream x-Digital Subscriber Lines (xDSL) context under a total power constraint for all modems over all tones. Then, a new algorithm called BC-Optimal Spectrum Balancing (BC-OSB) is devised for a more realistic power allocation under per-modem total power constraints. The capacity region of the primal BC problem under per-modem total power constraints is found by the dual optimization problem for the BC under per-modem total power constraints which can be rewritten as a dual optimization problem in the MAC by means of a precoder matrix based on the Lagrange multipliers. We show that the duality gap between the two problems is zero. The multi-user power allocation problem has been solved for interference channels and MAC using the OSB algorithm. In this paper we solve the problem of multi-user power allocation for the BC case using the OSB algorithm as well and we derive a computational efficient algorithm that will be referred to as BC-OSB. Simulation results are provided for two VDSL2 scenarios: the first one with Differential-Mode (DM) transmission only and the second one with both DM and Phantom- Mode (PM) transmissions.

Self-Coexistence among IEEE 802.22 Networks: Distributed Allocation of Power and Channel

PubMed Central

Sakin, Sayef Azad; Alamri, Atif; Tran, Nguyen H.

2017-01-01

Ensuring self-coexistence among IEEE 802.22 networks is a challenging problem owing to opportunistic access of incumbent-free radio resources by users in co-located networks. In this study, we propose a fully-distributed non-cooperative approach to ensure self-coexistence in downlink channels of IEEE 802.22 networks. We formulate the self-coexistence problem as a mixed-integer non-linear optimization problem for maximizing the network data rate, which is an NP-hard one. This work explores a sub-optimal solution by dividing the optimization problem into downlink channel allocation and power assignment sub-problems. Considering fairness, quality of service and minimum interference for customer-premises-equipment, we also develop a greedy algorithm for channel allocation and a non-cooperative game-theoretic framework for near-optimal power allocation. The base stations of networks are treated as players in a game, where they try to increase spectrum utilization by controlling power and reaching a Nash equilibrium point. We further develop a utility function for the game to increase the data rate by minimizing the transmission power and, subsequently, the interference from neighboring networks. A theoretical proof of the uniqueness and existence of the Nash equilibrium has been presented. Performance improvements in terms of data-rate with a degree of fairness compared to a cooperative branch-and-bound-based algorithm and a non-cooperative greedy approach have been shown through simulation studies. PMID:29215591

Self-Coexistence among IEEE 802.22 Networks: Distributed Allocation of Power and Channel.

PubMed

Sakin, Sayef Azad; Razzaque, Md Abdur; Hassan, Mohammad Mehedi; Alamri, Atif; Tran, Nguyen H; Fortino, Giancarlo

2017-12-07

Ensuring self-coexistence among IEEE 802.22 networks is a challenging problem owing to opportunistic access of incumbent-free radio resources by users in co-located networks. In this study, we propose a fully-distributed non-cooperative approach to ensure self-coexistence in downlink channels of IEEE 802.22 networks. We formulate the self-coexistence problem as a mixed-integer non-linear optimization problem for maximizing the network data rate, which is an NP-hard one. This work explores a sub-optimal solution by dividing the optimization problem into downlink channel allocation and power assignment sub-problems. Considering fairness, quality of service and minimum interference for customer-premises-equipment, we also develop a greedy algorithm for channel allocation and a non-cooperative game-theoretic framework for near-optimal power allocation. The base stations of networks are treated as players in a game, where they try to increase spectrum utilization by controlling power and reaching a Nash equilibrium point. We further develop a utility function for the game to increase the data rate by minimizing the transmission power and, subsequently, the interference from neighboring networks. A theoretical proof of the uniqueness and existence of the Nash equilibrium has been presented. Performance improvements in terms of data-rate with a degree of fairness compared to a cooperative branch-and-bound-based algorithm and a non-cooperative greedy approach have been shown through simulation studies.

Optimizing multiple reliable forward contracts for reservoir allocation using multitime scale streamflow forecasts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lu, Mengqian; Lall, Upmanu; Robertson, Andrew W.; Cook, Edward

2017-03-01

Streamflow forecasts at multiple time scales provide a new opportunity for reservoir management to address competing objectives. Market instruments such as forward contracts with specified reliability are considered as a tool that may help address the perceived risk associated with the use of such forecasts in lieu of traditional operation and allocation strategies. A water allocation process that enables multiple contracts for water supply and hydropower production with different durations, while maintaining a prescribed level of flood risk reduction, is presented. The allocation process is supported by an optimization model that considers multitime scale ensemble forecasts of monthly streamflow and flood volume over the upcoming season and year, the desired reliability and pricing of proposed contracts for hydropower and water supply. It solves for the size of contracts at each reliability level that can be allocated for each future period, while meeting target end of period reservoir storage with a prescribed reliability. The contracts may be insurable, given that their reliability is verified through retrospective modeling. The process can allow reservoir operators to overcome their concerns as to the appropriate skill of probabilistic forecasts, while providing water users with short-term and long-term guarantees as to how much water or energy they may be allocated. An application of the optimization model to the Bhakra Dam, India, provides an illustration of the process. The issues of forecast skill and contract performance are examined. A field engagement of the idea is useful to develop a real-world perspective and needs a suitable institutional environment.

Distributed Bees Algorithm Parameters Optimization for a Cost Efficient Target Allocation in Swarms of Robots

PubMed Central

Jevtić, Aleksandar; Gutiérrez, Álvaro

2011-01-01

Swarms of robots can use their sensing abilities to explore unknown environments and deploy on sites of interest. In this task, a large number of robots is more effective than a single unit because of their ability to quickly cover the area. However, the coordination of large teams of robots is not an easy problem, especially when the resources for the deployment are limited. In this paper, the Distributed Bees Algorithm (DBA), previously proposed by the authors, is optimized and applied to distributed target allocation in swarms of robots. Improved target allocation in terms of deployment cost efficiency is achieved through optimization of the DBA’s control parameters by means of a Genetic Algorithm. Experimental results show that with the optimized set of parameters, the deployment cost measured as the average distance traveled by the robots is reduced. The cost-efficient deployment is in some cases achieved at the expense of increased robots’ distribution error. Nevertheless, the proposed approach allows the swarm to adapt to the operating conditions when available resources are scarce. PMID:22346677

A stream-scale model to optimize the water allocation for Small Hydropower Plants and the application to traditional systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Razurel, Pierre; Niayifar, Amin; Perona, Paolo

2017-04-01

Hydropower plays an important role in supplying worldwide energy demand where it contributes to approximately 16% of global electricity production. Although hydropower, as an emission-free renewable energy, is a reliable source of energy to mitigate climate change, its development will increase river exploitation. The environmental impacts associated with both small hydropower plants (SHP) and traditional dammed systems have been found to the consequence of changing natural flow regime with other release policies, e.g. the minimal flow. Nowadays, in some countries, proportional allocation rules are also applied aiming to mimic the natural flow variability. For example, these dynamic rules are part of the environmental guidance in the United Kingdom and constitute an improvement in comparison to static rules. In a context in which the full hydropower potential might be reached in a close future, a solution to optimize the water allocation seems essential. In this work, we present a model that enables to simulate a wide range of water allocation rules (static and dynamic) for a specific hydropower plant and to evaluate their associated economic and ecological benefits. It is developed in the form of a graphical user interface (GUI) where, depending on the specific type of hydropower plant (i.e., SHP or traditional dammed system), the user is able to specify the different characteristics (e.g., hydrological data and turbine characteristics) of the studied system. As an alternative to commonly used policies, a new class of dynamic allocation functions (non-proportional repartition rules) is introduced (e.g., Razurel et al., 2016). The efficiency plot resulting from the simulations shows the environmental indicator and the energy produced for each allocation policies. The optimal water distribution rules can be identified on the Pareto's frontier, which is obtained by stochastic optimization in the case of storage systems (e.g., Niayifar and Perona, submitted) and by direct simulation for small hydropower ones (Razurel et al., 2016). Compared to proportional and constant minimal flows, economic and ecological efficiencies are found to be substantially improved in the case of using non-proportional water allocation rules for both SHP and traditional systems.

Super-polishing of Zerodur aspheres by means of conventional polishing technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Polak, Jaroslav; Klepetková, Eva; Pošmourný, Josef; Šulc, Miroslav; Procháska, František; Tomka, David; Matoušek, Ondřej; Poláková, Ivana; Šubert, Eduard

2015-01-01

This paper describes a quest to find simple technique to superpolish Zerodur asphere (55μm departure from best fit sphere) that could be employed on old fashion way 1-excenter optical polishing machine. The work focuses on selection of polishing technology, study of different polishing slurries and optimization of polishing setup. It is demonstrated that either by use of fine colloidal CeO2 slurry or by use of bowl-feed polishing setup with CeO2 charged pitch we could reach 0.4nm RMS roughness while removing <30nm of surface layer. This technique, although not optimized, was successfully used to improve surface roughness on already prepolished Zerodur aspheres without necessity to involve sophisticated super-polishing technology and highly trained manpower.

The development and application of a multi-criteria optimization method to the design of a 20-seat regional jet airliner

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Au, How Meng

The aircraft design process traditionally starts with a given set of top-level requirements. These requirements can be aircraft performance related such as the fuel consumption, cruise speed, or takeoff field length, etc., or aircraft geometry related such as the cabin height or cabin volume, etc. This thesis proposes a new aircraft design process in which some of the top-level requirements are not explicitly specified. Instead, these previously specified parameters are now determined through the use of the Price-Per-Value-Factor (PPVF) index. This design process is well suited for design projects where general consensus of the top-level requirements does not exist. One example is the design of small commuter airliners. The above mentioned value factor is comprised of productivity, cabin volume, cabin height, cabin pressurization, mission fuel consumption, and field length, each weighted to a different exponent. The relative magnitude and positive/negative signs of these exponents are in agreement with general experience. The value factors of the commuter aircraft are shown to have improved over a period of four decades. In addition, the purchase price is shown to vary linearly with the value factor. The initial aircraft sizing process can be manpower intensive if the calculations are done manually. By incorporating automation into the process, the design cycle can be shortened considerably. The Fortran program functions and subroutines in this dissertation, in addition to the design and optimization methodologies described above, contribute to the reduction of manpower required for the initial sizing process. By combining the new design process mentioned above and the PPVF as the objective function, an optimization study is conducted on the design of a 20-seat regional jet. Handbook methods for aircraft design are written into a Fortran code. A genetic algorithm is used as the optimization scheme. The result of the optimization shows that aircraft designed to this PPVF index can be competitive compared to existing turboprop commuter aircraft. The process developed can be applied to other classes of aircraft with the designer modifying the cost function based upon the design goals.

Manpower for Health Care.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Institute of Medicine (NAS), Washington, DC.

The document is a collection of six papers on key problems in health manpower which were presented at a symposium during the 1974 spring meeting of the Institute of Medicine. A seventh paper provides a summary of the major themes at the conclusion of the program. All of the symposium papers deal with the principal manpower issues of supply,…

Tomorrow's Manpower Needs. Volume III, National Trends and Outlook: Occupational Employment. Bulletin No. 1606.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bureau of Labor Statistics (DOL), Washington, DC.

This publication is the third of four volumes of "Tomorrow's Manpower Needs," which are devoted to the subject of national, state, and area projections of manpower requirements. This volume presents information on the national employment trends and projected 1975 requirements for workers in nine major occupational groups and 40 selected…

75 FR 45158 - RBS Citizens, N.A., Business Services, Including On-Site Leased Workers of Manpower and Randstad...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-02

... Citizens, N.A., Business Services, Including On-Site Leased Workers of Manpower and Randstad, 1 Citizens Drive, Riverside, RI RBS Citizens, N.A., Business Services, Including On-Site Leased Workers of Manpower... Worker Adjustment Assistance In accordance with Section 223 of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (``Act...

Nigerian University and Manpower Development in a Changing World

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anyebe, Adam Adem

2014-01-01

This paper examines Nigerian university system in relation to manpower development in a rapidly changing world of work. This is for purposes of identifying areas that need urgent attention in order to reposition the system to produce high quality manpower. The study reveals that the expansion in the university system is characterized by a mixed…

The Canadian Labour Market: Readings in Manpower Economics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kruger, A.M., Ed.; Meltz, N.M., Ed.

Canadian manpower problems were researched by a group of economists at the University of Toronto in areas of interest to manpower planners and students of the labor market. The dissatisfaction of policy makers with the present operation of the labor market is discussed in three areas: (1) inadequate output due to alleged labor shortages, (2)…

THE ROLE OF THE NONPROFESSIONAL IN THE MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS. SUBMITTED FOR OPERATION RETRIEVAL.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

GROSSER, CHARLES

BASED ON A REVIEW OF REPORTS AND OTHER DOCUMENTS PREPARED BY VARIOUS MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT TRAINING ACT-SPONSORED YOUTH-TRAINING PROJECTS AND ON INTERVIEWS WITH ADMINISTRATORS AND COMMUNITY RESIDENTS AT FIVE PROJECT SITES, THIS STUDY EVALUATES THE USE OF NONPROFESSIONAL STAFF IN THE OPERATION OF MANPOWER PROGRAMS. THE CONSEQUENCES OF SUCH…

The National Manpower Survey of the Criminal Justice System. Volume One: Summary Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Institutes for Research in the Behavioral Sciences, Washington, DC.

As mandated in the 1973 Amendments to the Safe Streets Act, the National Manpower Survey of the Criminal Justice System was conducted to assess current and projected manpower needs, personnel quality, and training and education programs. Data were collected from the following sources: surveys of 8,000 executives of state and local criminal justice…

MDTA Experimental and Demonstration Findings No. 3: Manpower Development and Training in Correctional Programs. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Manpower Administration (DOL), Washington, DC.

The capabilities of Title I of the Manpower Development and Training Act have been used for several years to fund experimental and demonstration projects for the prerelease training of prisoners. Four conferences on Manpower Development and Training in correctional institutions were sponsored to bring together the basic groups of people charged…

Analysis of Some Potential Manpower Policies for the All-Volunteer Navy. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Battelle, R. Bard; And Others

This report describes an analysis of Navy personnel as a subsystem of the Navy, functioning with the overall objective of maintaining Fleet readiness within the constraints of budget and manpower supply limitations. Manpower utilization and management techniques and options were examined and evaluated for their usefulness to an all volunteer Navy…

The Supply of and Demand for Graduates of Post-Secondary School Institutions in the Next Decade

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goodman, F. V. S.

1969-01-01

Joint responsibility of education authorities and the Department of Manpower and Immigration is to accelerate research and to develop programs which will ease the process of adjustment to changing conditions in manpower demand. The inevitable prerequisite of closer matching of demand for and supply of qualified manpower is increased specialization…

32 CFR Appendix D to Part 169a - Commercial Activities Management Information System (CAMIS)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... to provide an initial estimate of the manpower associated with the activity (or activities). The initial estimate of the manpower in this section of the CCR will be in all cases those manpower figures... Medical Program of the Uniformed Services (CHAMPUS) [3D1] E—Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency F...

32 CFR Appendix D to Part 169a - Commercial Activities Management Information System (CAMIS)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... to provide an initial estimate of the manpower associated with the activity (or activities). The initial estimate of the manpower in this section of the CCR will be in all cases those manpower figures... Medical Program of the Uniformed Services (CHAMPUS) [3D1] E—Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency F...

32 CFR Appendix D to Part 169a - Commercial Activities Management Information System (CAMIS)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... to provide an initial estimate of the manpower associated with the activity (or activities). The initial estimate of the manpower in this section of the CCR will be in all cases those manpower figures... Medical Program of the Uniformed Services (CHAMPUS) [3D1] E—Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency F...

32 CFR Appendix D to Part 169a - Commercial Activities Management Information System (CAMIS)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... to provide an initial estimate of the manpower associated with the activity (or activities). The initial estimate of the manpower in this section of the CCR will be in all cases those manpower figures... Medical Program of the Uniformed Services (CHAMPUS) [3D1] E—Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency F...

Problems in the Application of Behavior Modification Principles for Teaching Job-Required Behaviors to Disadvantaged Manpower Trainees. Special Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Feifer, Irwin; And Others

In its attempts to apply behavior modification principles to teaching job-required behaviors to manpower trainees, the Mobilization for Youth-Experimental Manpower Laboratory (MFY-EML), has mounted a number of reinforcement-based Neighborhood Youth Corps training programs. The nature, magnitude and scheduling of reinforcers, the nature of the…

Handbook of Information Relevant to Manpower Agencies: A Compilation of Practice Principles and Strategies for Manpower Operations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Erfurt, John C.; And Others

Concepts of internal agency structure and operations, agency-company relations, and agency-enrollee relations, with recommendations for their implementation, form the three main sections of this handbook developed for manpower agency administrators, supervisory staffs and program planners. It is designed to aid those who organize and develop…

The Total Impact of Manpower Programs: A Four-City Case Study. Volume II--Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Olympus Research Corp., Washington, DC.

Based on followup interviews with 1700 participants, this study is an evaluation of Federal manpower programs in Boston, Denver, and San Francisco-Oakland. Included are Manpower Development and Training Act Programs, Work Incentive Programs, and Concentrated Employment Program from late 1969 to early 1970. Program impact on enrollees, employers,…

The Manpower Research Institutional Grant Program: The First Three Years 1966-1969.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Manpower Administration (DOL), Washington, DC. Office of Manpower Research.

This document, based on 3-year summary reports submitted by the participating schools, summarizes programs supported by the Manpower Research Institutional Grant Program under authority of Title I of the Manpower Development and Training Act of 1962, as amended. In June 1966, the first grants were awarded to seven colleges and universities. The…

The Practice of Manpower Forecasting: A Collection of Case Studies. Studies on Education; Vol. 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ahamad, Bashir; And Others

In the 1960's academics, politicians, administrators and industrialists became convinced of the importance of education for economic development. The forecasting of qualified manpower needs was able to turn this new idea into practice. During the decade hundreds of manpower forecasts were made, and innumerable international conferenceses were held…

Engineering Manpower and Engineering Education in New York State: A Report and Recommendations for Action.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Diamond, Celia B.

Data related to current and recent engineering manpower demand, engineering degrees and enrollments, supply and demand projections for engineering manpower, and results of an April 1982 survey of New York's engineering schools are presented and discussed in separate sections of this report. Based on these data, nine recommendations for the future…

42 CFR 23.10 - Under what circumstances may a National Health Service Corps site's reimbursement obligation to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., private organizations and individuals; (iii) The need of the health manpower shortage area for health... personnel. (2) A significant percentage of the individuals who are located in the health manpower shortage... the health manpower shortage area and the area's cost-of-living index. (b) The Secretary may waive in...

Manpower Policies and Programs; A Review, 1935-75.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clague, Ewan; Kramer, Leo

Constituting an update to a previous publication that interpreted the directions of United States manpower policy subsequent to World War II, this publication places the previous essay in the historical context of manpower policies that reach back to the Great Depression of the 1930's and the Employment Act of 1946; and to policy options now…

AIR NATIONAL GUARD C-130H AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE OFFICER MANNING: IS THERE A BETTER OPTION

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-10-01

7 Section V: Result of Analysis...was put into how to reorganize existing aircraft manpower and without creating additional cost or manpower requirements. Through careful analysis it...38-201 Determining Manpower Requirements states, “National Guard Bureau (NGB)/A1MR will build Unit Manning Documents (UMD) in accordance with

42 CFR 23.10 - Under what circumstances may a National Health Service Corps site's reimbursement obligation to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., private organizations and individuals; (iii) The need of the health manpower shortage area for health... personnel. (2) A significant percentage of the individuals who are located in the health manpower shortage... the health manpower shortage area and the area's cost-of-living index. (b) The Secretary may waive in...

42 CFR 23.10 - Under what circumstances may a National Health Service Corps site's reimbursement obligation to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., private organizations and individuals; (iii) The need of the health manpower shortage area for health... personnel. (2) A significant percentage of the individuals who are located in the health manpower shortage... the health manpower shortage area and the area's cost-of-living index. (b) The Secretary may waive in...

42 CFR 23.10 - Under what circumstances may a National Health Service Corps site's reimbursement obligation to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., private organizations and individuals; (iii) The need of the health manpower shortage area for health... personnel. (2) A significant percentage of the individuals who are located in the health manpower shortage... the health manpower shortage area and the area's cost-of-living index. (b) The Secretary may waive in...

The Impact of Federal Programs and Policies on Manpower Planning for Scientists and Engineers: Problems and Progress.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scientific Manpower Commission, Washington, DC.

This document reports the results of a workshop held to assess the impact of federal programs and legislation on manpower planning for scientists and engineers. Included are presentations relating to manpower utilization and planning via federal government agencies and professional societies for scientists and engineers. It was concluded that the…

42 CFR 23.10 - Under what circumstances may a National Health Service Corps site's reimbursement obligation to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., private organizations and individuals; (iii) The need of the health manpower shortage area for health... personnel. (2) A significant percentage of the individuals who are located in the health manpower shortage... the health manpower shortage area and the area's cost-of-living index. (b) The Secretary may waive in...

Guidelines for Analysis of Health Manpower Planning. Volume 3: Health Manpower Planning. International Health Planning Methods Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Staff, Robert J.; Porter, Dennis R.

Intended to assist Agency for International Development (AID) officers, advisors, and health officials in incorporating health planning into national plans for economic development, this third of ten manuals in the International Health Planning Methods Series deals with health manpower planning and assessment. It provides a conceptual and…

State Level Programs to Prepare and Use Mental Health Manpower in a State Mental Health Agency.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Southern Regional Education Board, Atlanta, GA.

To assist mental health agency leaders and others concerned with state mental health manpower development, these guidelines (presented in ten sections) explore various issues and approaches and indications for using one approach over another. The first three sections focus on designing and conducting manpower studies, making long range projections…

MANPOWER PROJECTIONS AND TRAINING NEEDS FORECAST TO 1975 FOR THE TERRE HAUTE AREA.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Indiana State Univ., Terre Haute.

USING U.S. CENSUS BUREAU AND INDIANA EMPLOYMENT SECURITY DIVISION DATA, A PREVIOUS STUDY WAS UPDATED TO INCLUDE PROJECTIONS OF MANPOWER AND TRAINING NEEDS FOR THE TERRE HAUTE AREA. GRAPHS SHOW TRENDS FOR EIGHT OCCUPATIONAL GROUPS IN THE UNITED STATES, THE NATION'S URBAN AREAS, INDIANA, AND THE TERRE HAUTE STANDARD METROPOLITAN AREA. MANPOWER NEEDS…

A Study of Legal Manpower Demand and Supply in Pennsylvania.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Durkee, Frank M.

This study was directed toward an examination of the legal manpower system and its response to needs in Pennsylvania. Information based on surveys is presented on: (1) lawyer-population ratios by counties, lawyer-area ratios by counties, and lawyer ratios to population and area in the State; (2) legal manpower demand in terms of correlations…

Optimal Allocation of Restoration Practices Using Indexes for Stream Health

EPA Science Inventory

Methodologies that allocate the placement of agricultural and urban green infrastructure management practices with the intent to achieve both economic and environmental objectives typically use objectives related to individual intermediary environmental outputs, yet guidance is n...

Health and family planning services in Bangladesh: a study in inequality.

PubMed

Gish, O

1981-01-01

The development of health and family planning services in Bangladesh is examined in the context of the country's political economy. Inequities of power, influence, opportunity, and the ownership and distribution of assets and income are seen to lie at the root of the "Bangladesh crisis." In this, the country is not unlike many others in the Third World, only more so. The internal and external pressures which have contributed to a coercive attitude toward the problem of too rapid population growth are discussed. The allocation of Bangladeshi health service resources is examined in terms of expenditure, manpower, and facilities; they are found to be both inequitably distributed and inefficiently applied. Some alternatives to present patterns of development are touched upon. It is concluded that despite the country's poverty, most people do not have to go without basic primary health care (including family planning), which can be afforded even by countries as economically impoverished as Bangladesh.

Optimal power allocation and joint source-channel coding for wireless DS-CDMA visual sensor networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pandremmenou, Katerina; Kondi, Lisimachos P.; Parsopoulos, Konstantinos E.

2011-01-01

In this paper, we propose a scheme for the optimal allocation of power, source coding rate, and channel coding rate for each of the nodes of a wireless Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) visual sensor network. The optimization is quality-driven, i.e. the received quality of the video that is transmitted by the nodes is optimized. The scheme takes into account the fact that the sensor nodes may be imaging scenes with varying levels of motion. Nodes that image low-motion scenes will require a lower source coding rate, so they will be able to allocate a greater portion of the total available bit rate to channel coding. Stronger channel coding will mean that such nodes will be able to transmit at lower power. This will both increase battery life and reduce interference to other nodes. Two optimization criteria are considered. One that minimizes the average video distortion of the nodes and one that minimizes the maximum distortion among the nodes. The transmission powers are allowed to take continuous values, whereas the source and channel coding rates can assume only discrete values. Thus, the resulting optimization problem lies in the field of mixed-integer optimization tasks and is solved using Particle Swarm Optimization. Our experimental results show the importance of considering the characteristics of the video sequences when determining the transmission power, source coding rate and channel coding rate for the nodes of the visual sensor network.

Resource allocation for error resilient video coding over AWGN using optimization approach.

PubMed

An, Cheolhong; Nguyen, Truong Q

2008-12-01

The number of slices for error resilient video coding is jointly optimized with 802.11a-like media access control and the physical layers with automatic repeat request and rate compatible punctured convolutional code over additive white gaussian noise channel as well as channel times allocation for time division multiple access. For error resilient video coding, the relation between the number of slices and coding efficiency is analyzed and formulated as a mathematical model. It is applied for the joint optimization problem, and the problem is solved by a convex optimization method such as the primal-dual decomposition method. We compare the performance of a video communication system which uses the optimal number of slices with one that codes a picture as one slice. From numerical examples, end-to-end distortion of utility functions can be significantly reduced with the optimal slices of a picture especially at low signal-to-noise ratio.

[Dental practitioners in Israel: past, present and future].

PubMed

Mann, J; Vered, Y; Zini, A

2010-04-01

Since 1980 various studies have been published in Israel dealing with dental manpower issues, utilizing several methods such as manpower to population ratio. The dental literature pointed out that dentistry in Israel has an over supply of dentists and that manpower to population ratio is one of the highest in the world 1:770. All studies were based on the information provided by the Ministry of Health which showed that Israel has over 9500 dentists. The Israel Central Bureau of Statistics figures showed a much smaller number which was 5700 active dentists. This enormous gap in between two sources of information, following strict examination of the data revealed that the Bureau of Statistics information is reliable and hence, the real manpower to population ratio in Israel in 2008 was 1:1271. Prediction of manpower is extremely important and the base line information is crucial for future evaluations.

Evaluation of the HARDMAN comparability methodology for manpower, personnel and training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zimmerman, W.; Butler, R.; Gray, V.; Rosenberg, L.

1984-01-01

The methodology evaluation and recommendation are part of an effort to improve Hardware versus Manpower (HARDMAN) methodology for projecting manpower, personnel, and training (MPT) to support new acquisition. Several different validity tests are employed to evaluate the methodology. The methodology conforms fairly well with both the MPT user needs and other accepted manpower modeling techniques. Audits of three completed HARDMAN applications reveal only a small number of potential problem areas compared to the total number of issues investigated. The reliability study results conform well with the problem areas uncovered through the audits. The results of the accuracy studies suggest that the manpower life-cycle cost component is only marginally sensitive to changes in other related cost variables. Even with some minor problems, the methodology seem sound and has good near term utility to the Army. Recommendations are provided to firm up the problem areas revealed through the evaluation.

Location-allocation models and new solution methodologies in telecommunication networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dinu, S.; Ciucur, V.

2016-08-01

When designing a telecommunications network topology, three types of interdependent decisions are combined: location, allocation and routing, which are expressed by the following design considerations: how many interconnection devices - consolidation points/concentrators should be used and where should they be located; how to allocate terminal nodes to concentrators; how should the voice, video or data traffic be routed and what transmission links (capacitated or not) should be built into the network. Including these three components of the decision into a single model generates a problem whose complexity makes it difficult to solve. A first method to address the overall problem is the sequential one, whereby the first step deals with the location-allocation problem and based on this solution the subsequent sub-problem (routing the network traffic) shall be solved. The issue of location and allocation in a telecommunications network, called "The capacitated concentrator location- allocation - CCLA problem" is based on one of the general location models on a network in which clients/demand nodes are the terminals and facilities are the concentrators. Like in a location model, each client node has a demand traffic, which must be served, and the facilities can serve these demands within their capacity limit. In this study, the CCLA problem is modeled as a single-source capacitated location-allocation model whose optimization objective is to determine the minimum network cost consisting of fixed costs for establishing the locations of concentrators, costs for operating concentrators and costs for allocating terminals to concentrators. The problem is known as a difficult combinatorial optimization problem for which powerful algorithms are required. Our approach proposes a Fuzzy Genetic Algorithm combined with a local search procedure to calculate the optimal values of the location and allocation variables. To confirm the efficiency of the proposed algorithm with respect to the quality of solutions, significant size test problems were considered: up to 100 terminal nodes and 50 concentrators on a 100 × 100 square grid. The performance of this hybrid intelligent algorithm was evaluated by measuring the quality of its solutions with respect to the following statistics: the standard deviation and the ratio of the best solution obtained.

Optimal JPWL Forward Error Correction Rate Allocation for Robust JPEG 2000 Images and Video Streaming over Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Agueh, Max; Diouris, Jean-François; Diop, Magaye; Devaux, François-Olivier; De Vleeschouwer, Christophe; Macq, Benoit

2008-12-01

Based on the analysis of real mobile ad hoc network (MANET) traces, we derive in this paper an optimal wireless JPEG 2000 compliant forward error correction (FEC) rate allocation scheme for a robust streaming of images and videos over MANET. The packet-based proposed scheme has a low complexity and is compliant to JPWL, the 11th part of the JPEG 2000 standard. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated using a wireless Motion JPEG 2000 client/server application; and the ability of the optimal scheme to guarantee quality of service (QoS) to wireless clients is demonstrated.

Army Manpower Cost System (AMCOS) Economic and Budget Cost Models.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-06-30

STANDARDS - 963 - A ZRDMServices0opaiy in ( o FINAL REPORT Tm ARMY MANPOWER COST SYSTEM4 (ANCOS) ECONOMIC AND BUDGET I COST MODELS CONTRACT NO. N00014...Organization .. .. . . . . . . . . . 1 2.0 AN APPLICATION OF ANCOS: UNIT-LEVEL MANPOWER COST COMPARISON . . . . o ...13 3.0 MODEL OVERVIEW . . . . o . . . . . . .. . .. . o . . 21 3.1 Cost Definitions ........ ............ 22 3.2 Model Output

Balancing Agile Combat Support Manpower to Better Meet the Future Security Environment

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-01

for a 3,000-person deployment package. 6 Figure 1.1 Postured Manpower Included in This Analysis NOTE: Spc = space, Avn = aviation, MX...an po w er ,  1 00 0s USAF  postured  manpower Spc,   Avn ,  Mx,  Intel Other  ACS Our  scope 7 • In Chapter Four, we discuss several

Health Manpower Source Book. Manpower Supply and Educational Statistics for Selected Health Occupations: 1968. Public Health Service Publication Number 263, Section 20.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Institutes of Health (DHEW), Bethesda, MD. Bureau of Health Professions Education and Manpower Training.

This publication is a compilation of statistics on supply and education of health manpower in medicine and osteopathy, dentistry, optometry, pharmacy, podiatry, veterinary medicine, nursing, public health, and eight selected allied health occupations. The material is organized by occupations and the following information is presented for each…

Technical Change and Manpower Planning: Co-Ordination at Enterprise Level. Industrial Relations Aspects of Manpower Policy 4.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barkin, Solomon, Ed.

The 29 case studies in this report seek to define the policies and practices followed by firms in programing technological change and manpower adjustments. The purpose of the report is to make these policies and practices more broadly known and to extend the range of effective adjustments provided by individual managements. The inquiries were…

Employment Impacts of Health Policy Developments. A Special Report of the National Commission for Manpower Policy. Special Report No. 11.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fein, Rashi; Bishop, Christine

This eleventh special report of the National Commission for Manpower Policy examines the manpower, employment, and training implications of policy developments in the health care industry. Section 1 describes the health care industry setting, including health sector characteristics and health expenditure growth. Sections 2 and 3 deal with the…

Characteristics of Urban Enrollees Entering the Job Corps. Longitudinal Manpower Evaluation Studies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Office of Economic Opportunity, Washington, DC. Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation.

This paper is the first in a series describing the results of the Longitudinal Manpower Study, a national study of four major manpower programs as they operate in large urban areas. Included in the paper are data gained from the responses of 1,236 Job Corps enrollees concerning their reasons for joining the program, their demographic…

An Appraisal of the Manpower Training Programs Established by Congress in the 1960's. Project Baseline Supplemental Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brandon, George L.

Offering an overview and informal appraisal of the Manpower Development and Training Act (MDTA) and its amendments since 1962, the study focuses on the vocational education program and the development of its legislation and administration. The 12 years of manpower training legislation from MDTA to the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act…

Neighborhood-Based Child Care Services for the Inner City. Manpower for the Human Services.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kassel, Myrna Bordelon

This monograph is the fifth in a series summarizing the work progress of the Human Services Manpower Career Center, a special research and development project funded by the U. S. Department of Labor. This report describes the action taken by a committee of child care workers, educators, welfare mothers, manpower specialists, and concerned lay…

TECHNOLOGY AND MANPOWER IN DESIGN AND DRAFTING 1965-75. MANPOWER RESEARCH BULLETIN NUMBER 12.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Office of Manpower Policy, Evaluation, and Research (DOL), Washington, DC.

AS PART OF AN EXPERIMENTAL AND DEMONSTRATION PROJECT LAUNCHED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR IN 1965 TO EMPHASIZE LIKELY FUTURE TECHNOLOGICAL AND MANPOWER CHANGES, THIS STUDY OF THE DESIGN AND DRAFTING PROCESS AIMED TO IDENTIFY THE MAJOR TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE NEXT 10 YEARS, TO DETERMINE THE EXTENT AND RATE OF DIFFUSION OF THESE CHANGES, AND TO…

Manpower Studies in Postsecondary Education. ERIC/Higher Education Research Report No. 10.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Norris, Donald M.; And Others

Manpower information and projections in postsecondary education have present value in the sense that they guide today's decisions based on a view of what tomorrow's world will be like. But manpower decisions are complicated by the fact that the decision-maker, be it a government, an institution, or an individual, must also take account of how…

Physician Manpower in Georgia: Report of the Task Force for Physician Manpower to the Georgia Comprehensive Health Planning Council.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Georgia State Dept. of Public Health, Atlanta. Office of Comprehensive Health Planning.

This report is a result of a study of the state's physician manpower by representatives of the fields of medical education and professional practice in Georgia. Contents include introduction and principal findings, recommendations, and analysis of present supply of physicians and other data. Recommendations suggest improvement of the utilization…

[The characteristic of stomatologic service manpower in Omsk region].

PubMed

Prokop'ev, K A; Ravdugina, T G

2013-01-01

The article considers the network and manpower characteristics of stomatologic service in Omsk oblast during 2006-3011. The results are presented concerning statistical analysis of dynamics of manpower size and staffing of specialists in stomatologic rooms (departments) in state (budget) health institutions. The differences are demonstrated concerning the accessibility of stomatologic care to residents of city and rural regions of oblast.

Health Manpower Planning: A Comparative Study in Four Countries. Volume 1. Health Manpower References.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whiteside, Daniel F.; And Others

The health manpower planning experiences of four countries reported here were presented in a traveling seminar held for member countries of the Pan American Health Organization. Focus was on what should be carried out in any country to coordinate the training of health workers with the operation of health services. Following the introduction, the…

The University and Manpower Educational Services: An Experimental and Demonstration Project.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, J. Earl

The goal of the Manpower Educational Services Project at the University of Houston was, in the short run, to explore using a university's capability and position in the community to contribute to the understanding and functioning of manpower programs in its geographic area. In the long run, it was hoped that a permanent center could be established…

78 FR 42080 - Privacy Act of 1974; CMS Computer Match No. 2013-07; HHS Computer Match No. 1303; DoD-DMDC Match...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-15

... with the Department of Defense (DoD), Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC). We have provided background... & Medicaid Services and the Department of Defense, Defense Manpower Data Center for the Determination of...), Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), and Department of Defense (DoD), Defense Manpower Data...

Report of Conference of New Manpower Researchers (September 26-27, 1968).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Manpower Policy Task Force, Washington, DC.

The second annual Conference of New Manpower Researchers was held to: (1) provide an opportunity for new researchers to meet and establish contact with other professionals in the field and to exchange ideas and information, (2) aid new researchers by allowing them to present their work to their peers and senior manpower people, and (3) permit the…

Opportunities for Improving the Institutional Manpower Training Program in South Carolina. Report to the Congress.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Comptroller General of the U.S., Washington, DC.

This study was conducted to assess the results of institutional manpower training in South Carolina conducted under the Manpower Development and Training Act at two skills centers, at 10 state instructional centers, and at public and private facilities throughout the state. The study found that about 72 percent of 9,800 trainees graduated, and…

Structural Issues in the Supply and Demand for Scientific Manpower: Implications for National Manpower Policy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Weathersby, George B.

This paper argues that, in addition to responding to surface manifestations of imbalance in scientific manpower supply and demand, we should examine and understand far better than we now do the nature and extent of the structural forces operative on the supply and demand of scientific talent. The author reviewed the literature and the parameters…

Adaptation and Employment of Special Groups of Manpower. Implementing an Active Manpower Policy; Conclusions of the Manpower and Social Affairs Committee.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris (France).

Conclusions are presented indicating the role which public bodies, employers, trade unions, and other private groups can play in improving the employment opportunities of special groups, such as older workers, workers with family responsibilities, and workers of rural origin engaged in non-agricultural employment. Because of the increasing number…

Comparative Analysis of Four Manpower Nursing Requirements Models. Health Manpower References. [Nurse Planning Information Series, No. 6].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Deane, Robert T.; Ro, Kong-Kyun

The analysis and description of four manpower nursing requirements models-- the Pugh-Roberts, the Vector, the Community Systems Foundation (CSF), and the Western Interstate Commission of Higher Education (WICHE)--are presented in this report. The introduction provides an overview of the project which was designed to analyze these different models.…

Manpower Systems Integration Factors for Frigate Design in the Turkish Navy

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-12-01

factors for frigate design in the Turkish Navy. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of the correlation between ship design specifications and...frigates. The correlation between the ship design characteristics and the manpower requirements is supported by the quantitative analysis. This... design in the Turkish Navy. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of the correlation between ship design specifications and manpower requirements

High Level Manpower and Technological Change in the Steel Industry: Implications for Corporate Manpower Planning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hiestand, Dale L.

The purpose of this study was to examine the role that high level manpower plays in the establishment of new technologies at the plant and industry level. The steel industry was selected as an appropriate industry to approach these questions due to: its considerable technological changes; its straightforward, easier-to-understand technology; its…

Enterprise Planning for Change; Co-ordination of Manpower and Technical Planning. Industrial Relations Aspects of Manpower Policy, No. 5.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wedderburn, Dorothy

Forty case studies made by research teams of independents or governmental agencies in Austria, Canada, France, Germany, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom, and the United States were analyzed to provide managements and trade unions with illustrations of present systems of technical and manpower changes at the enterprise level and to describe the…

[The manpower market for physicians in the Nordic countries 1980-2000].

PubMed

Skoglund, E; Taraldset, A

2000-06-30

The ratio between population and active physicians in the Nordic countries has improved from 488 inhabitants per physician in 1980 to 315 in 2000. There is a large mobility of physicians between the countries, contributing to levelling out swings in demand and supply of manpower. Language and culture being similar, physicians can easily adjust to working in a neighbouring country. Iceland is special in this respect, as a surplus of Icelandic physicians has always found work in the other Nordic countries. Of course, their numbers are small relative to the total number of active physicians in the Nordic countries, now approximately 76,000. The number of students admitted to Nordic medical faculties has changed in line with swings in estimated future demand for manpower. Today, numbers are increasing again; this year, approximately 2,900 students will be admitted. Norway stands apart from the other Nordic countries in terms of medical manpower needs. During the last 20 years there has been a continuous shortage of physicians while all the other countries have been through periods of surplus and unemployment among physicians. Manpower forecasts in the early 1980s underestimated the growth in the health care system and hence the demand for medical manpower.

Optimized planning methodologies of ASON implementation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Michael M.; Tamil, Lakshman S.

2005-02-01

Advanced network planning concerns effective network-resource allocation for dynamic and open business environment. Planning methodologies of ASON implementation based on qualitative analysis and mathematical modeling are presented in this paper. The methodology includes method of rationalizing technology and architecture, building network and nodal models, and developing dynamic programming for multi-period deployment. The multi-layered nodal architecture proposed here can accommodate various nodal configurations for a multi-plane optical network and the network modeling presented here computes the required network elements for optimizing resource allocation.

Regulation of C:N:P stoichiometry of microbes and soil organic matter by optimizing enzyme allocation: an omics-informed model study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Song, Y.; Yao, Q.; Wang, G.; Yang, X.; Mayes, M. A.

2017-12-01

Increasing evidences is indicating that soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition and stabilization process is a continuum process and controlled by both microbial functions and their interaction with minerals (known as the microbial efficiency-matrix stabilization theory (MEMS)). Our metagenomics analysis of soil samples from both P-deficit and P-fertilization sites in Panama has demonstrated that community-level enzyme functions could adapt to maximize the acquisition of limiting nutrients and minimize energy demand for foraging (known as the optimal foraging theory). This optimization scheme can mitigate the imbalance of C/P ratio between soil substrate and microbial community and relieve the P limitation on microbial carbon use efficiency over the time. Dynamic allocation of multiple enzyme groups and their interaction with microbial/substrate stoichiometry has rarely been considered in biogeochemical models due to the difficulties in identifying microbial functional groups and quantifying the change in enzyme expression in response to soil nutrient availability. This study aims to represent the omics-informed optimal foraging theory in the Continuum Microbial ENzyme Decomposition model (CoMEND), which was developed to represent the continuum SOM decomposition process following the MEMS theory. The SOM pools in the model are classified based on soil chemical composition (i.e. Carbohydrates, lignin, N-rich SOM and P-rich SOM) and the degree of SOM depolymerization. The enzyme functional groups for decomposition of each SOM pool and N/P mineralization are identified by the relative composition of gene copy numbers. The responses of microbial activities and SOM decomposition to nutrient availability are simulated by optimizing the allocation of enzyme functional groups following the optimal foraging theory. The modeled dynamic enzyme allocation in response to P availability is evaluated by the metagenomics data measured from P addition and P-deficit soil samples in Panama sites.The implementation of dynamic enzyme allocation in response to nutrient availability in the CoMEND model enables us to capture the varying microbial C/P ratio and soil carbon dynamics in response to shifting nutrient constraints over time in tropical soils.

Joint Egypt/United States report on Egypt/United States cooperative energy assessment. Volume 5 of 5 Vols. Annexes 11--13

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1979-04-01

The principal features of the existing environment of Egypt are characterized and the main problem areas identified in Annex 11. The environmental, health, and associated social issues that must be considered in choosing from among the options available to Egypt for meeting projected future energy needs are identified. The environmental impacts associated with these options are discussed and observations are made of alternte ways to minimize environmental insults. Annex 12, Manpower, analyzes the energy-related manpower situation of Egypt. Manpower education and training resources of Egypt; the existing manpower base of Egypt; manpower needs of the energy strategies; a comparison ofmore » manpower needs and existing manpower base; and the underlying economic and social factors that will make Egypt energy facility development very difficult to plan and execute are discussed. Annex 13 summarizes a preliminary analysis of the capital, labor, materials, and equipment resources required to implement alternative Egyptian energy futures and documents the assessment of several Egyptian energy development programs selected by the DOE. It egins with brief overviews of the ESPM model and data base. It then describes the method by which the system was adapted to Egyptian conditions and the results of this modification. The comparison Case energy development program is described, followed by a summary of ESPM-derived facility and resource requirements. Finally, the sensitivity of these results to several alternative energy strategies is illustrated.« less

How to allocate limited healthcare resources: Lessons from the introduction of antiretroviral therapy in rural Mozambique

PubMed Central

Dodson, Zan M.; Agadjanian, Victor; Driessen, Julia

2016-01-01

Proper allocation of limited healthcare resources is a challenging task for policymakers in developing countries. Allocation of and access to these resources typically varies based on how need is defined, thus determining how individuals access and acquire healthcare. Using the introduction of antiretroviral therapy in southern Mozambique as an example, we examine alternative definitions of need for rural populations and how they might impact the allocation of this vital health service. Our results show that how need is defined matters when allocating limited healthcare resources and the use of need-based metrics can help ensure more optimal distribution of services. PMID:28596630

Assessing the effects of adaptation measures on optimal water resources allocation under varied water availability conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Dedi; Guo, Shenglian; Shao, Quanxi; Liu, Pan; Xiong, Lihua; Wang, Le; Hong, Xingjun; Xu, Yao; Wang, Zhaoli

2018-01-01

Human activities and climate change have altered the spatial and temporal distribution of water availability which is a principal prerequisite for allocation of different water resources. In order to quantify the impacts of climate change and human activities on water availability and optimal allocation of water resources, hydrological models and optimal water resource allocation models should be integrated. Given that increasing human water demand and varying water availability conditions necessitate adaptation measures, we propose a framework to assess the effects of these measures on optimal allocation of water resources. The proposed model and framework were applied to a case study of the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River Basin in China. Two representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP4.5) were employed to project future climate, and the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrological model was used to simulate the variability of flows under historical (1956-2011) and future (2012-2099) conditions. The water availability determined by simulating flow with the VIC hydrological model was used to establish the optimal water resources allocation model. The allocation results were derived under an extremely dry year (with an annual average water flow frequency of 95%), a very dry year (with an annual average water flow frequency of 90%), a dry year (with an annual average water flow frequency of 75%), and a normal year (with an annual average water flow frequency of 50%) during historical and future periods. The results show that the total available water resources in the study area and the inflow of the Danjiangkou Reservoir will increase in the future. However, the uneven distribution of water availability will cause water shortage problems, especially in the boundary areas. The effects of adaptation measures, including water saving, and dynamic control of flood limiting water levels (FLWLs) for reservoir operation, were assessed and implemented to alleviate water shortages. The negative impacts from the South-to-North Water Transfer Project (Middle Route) in the mid-lower reaches of the Hanjiang River Basin can be avoided through the dynamic control of FLWLs in Danjiangkou Reservoir, under the historical and future RCP2.6 and RCP4.5 scenarios. However, the effects of adaptation measures are limited due to their own constraints, such as the characteristics of the reservoirs influencing the FLWLs. The utilization of storm water appears necessary to meet future water demand. Overall, the results indicate that the framework for assessing the effects of adaptation measures on water resources allocation might aid water resources management, not only in the study area but also in other places where water availability conditions vary due to climate change and human activities.

Optimum allocation of redundancy among subsystems connected in series. Ph.D. Thesis - Case Western Reserve Univ., Sep. 1970

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bien, D. D.

1973-01-01

This analysis considers the optimum allocation of redundancy in a system of serially connected subsystems in which each subsystem is of the k-out-of-n type. Redundancy is optimally allocated when: (1) reliability is maximized for given costs; or (2) costs are minimized for given reliability. Several techniques are presented for achieving optimum allocation and their relative merits are discussed. Approximate solutions in closed form were attainable only for the special case of series-parallel systems and the efficacy of these approximations is discussed.

Optimization Case Study: ISR Allocation in the Global Force Management Process

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-09-01

Communications Intelligence (COMINT), and other intelligence collection capabilities. The complexity of FMV force allocation makes FMV the ideal...Joint Staff (2014). 5 This chapter will step through the GFM allocation process and develop an understanding of the GFM process depicted in Figure 1...contentious. The contentious issue will go through a resolution process consisting of action officer and General Officer/Flag Officer (GOFO) level forums

Performance improvement of optical CDMA networks with stochastic artificial bee colony optimization technique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Panda, Satyasen

2018-05-01

This paper proposes a modified artificial bee colony optimization (ABC) algorithm based on levy flight swarm intelligence referred as artificial bee colony levy flight stochastic walk (ABC-LFSW) optimization for optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) network. The ABC-LFSW algorithm is used to solve asset assignment problem based on signal to noise ratio (SNR) optimization in OCDM networks with quality of service constraints. The proposed optimization using ABC-LFSW algorithm provides methods for minimizing various noises and interferences, regulating the transmitted power and optimizing the network design for improving the power efficiency of the optical code path (OCP) from source node to destination node. In this regard, an optical system model is proposed for improving the network performance with optimized input parameters. The detailed discussion and simulation results based on transmitted power allocation and power efficiency of OCPs are included. The experimental results prove the superiority of the proposed network in terms of power efficiency and spectral efficiency in comparison to networks without any power allocation approach.

Optimal bit allocation for hybrid scalable/multiple-description video transmission over wireless channels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jubran, Mohammad K.; Bansal, Manu; Kondi, Lisimachos P.

2006-01-01

In this paper, we consider the problem of optimal bit allocation for wireless video transmission over fading channels. We use a newly developed hybrid scalable/multiple-description codec that combines the functionality of both scalable and multiple-description codecs. It produces a base layer and multiple-description enhancement layers. Any of the enhancement layers can be decoded (in a non-hierarchical manner) with the base layer to improve the reconstructed video quality. Two different channel coding schemes (Rate-Compatible Punctured Convolutional (RCPC)/Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) coding and, product code Reed Solomon (RS)+RCPC/CRC coding) are used for unequal error protection of the layered bitstream. Optimal allocation of the bitrate between source and channel coding is performed for discrete sets of source coding rates and channel coding rates. Experimental results are presented for a wide range of channel conditions. Also, comparisons with classical scalable coding show the effectiveness of using hybrid scalable/multiple-description coding for wireless transmission.

Reactive Power Pricing Model Considering the Randomness of Wind Power Output

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dai, Zhong; Wu, Zhou

2018-01-01

With the increase of wind power capacity integrated into grid, the influence of the randomness of wind power output on the reactive power distribution of grid is gradually highlighted. Meanwhile, the power market reform puts forward higher requirements for reasonable pricing of reactive power service. Based on it, the article combined the optimal power flow model considering wind power randomness with integrated cost allocation method to price reactive power. Meanwhile, considering the advantages and disadvantages of the present cost allocation method and marginal cost pricing, an integrated cost allocation method based on optimal power flow tracing is proposed. The model realized the optimal power flow distribution of reactive power with the minimal integrated cost and wind power integration, under the premise of guaranteeing the balance of reactive power pricing. Finally, through the analysis of multi-scenario calculation examples and the stochastic simulation of wind power outputs, the article compared the results of the model pricing and the marginal cost pricing, which proved that the model is accurate and effective.

Optimising the location of antenatal classes.

PubMed

Tomintz, Melanie N; Clarke, Graham P; Rigby, Janette E; Green, Josephine M

2013-01-01

To combine microsimulation and location-allocation techniques to determine antenatal class locations which minimise the distance travelled from home by potential users. Microsimulation modeling and location-allocation modeling. City of Leeds, UK. Potential users of antenatal classes. An individual-level microsimulation model was built to estimate the number of births for small areas by combining data from the UK Census 2001 and the Health Survey for England 2006. Using this model as a proxy for service demand, we then used a location-allocation model to optimize locations. Different scenarios show the advantage of combining these methods to optimize (re)locating antenatal classes and therefore reduce inequalities in accessing services for pregnant women. Use of these techniques should lead to better use of resources by allowing planners to identify optimal locations of antenatal classes which minimise women's travel. These results are especially important for health-care planners tasked with the difficult issue of targeting scarce resources in a cost-efficient, but also effective or accessible, manner. (169 words). Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Methodologies for optimal resource allocation to the national space program and new space utilizations. Volume 1: Technical description

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1971-01-01

The optimal allocation of resources to the national space program over an extended time period requires the solution of a large combinatorial problem in which the program elements are interdependent. The computer model uses an accelerated search technique to solve this problem. The model contains a large number of options selectable by the user to provide flexible input and a broad range of output for use in sensitivity analyses of all entering elements. Examples of these options are budget smoothing under varied appropriation levels, entry of inflation and discount effects, and probabilistic output which provides quantified degrees of certainty that program costs will remain within planned budget. Criteria and related analytic procedures were established for identifying potential new space program directions. Used in combination with the optimal resource allocation model, new space applications can be analyzed in realistic perspective, including the advantage gain from existing space program plant and on-going programs such as the space transportation system.

Studies in integrated line-and packet-switched computer communication systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maglaris, B. S.

1980-06-01

The problem of efficiently allocating the bandwidth of a trunk to both types of traffic is handled for various system and traffic models. A performance analysis is carried out both for variable and fixed frame schemes. It is shown that variable frame schemes, adjusting the frame length according to the traffic variations, offer better trunk utilization at the cost of the additional hardware and software complexity needed because of the lack of synchronization. An optimization study on the fixed frame schemes follows. The problem of dynamically allocating the fixed frame to both types of traffic is formulated as a Markovian Decision process. It is shown that the movable boundary scheme, suggested for commercial implementations of integrated multiplexors, offers optimal or near optimal performance and simplicity of implementation. Finally, the behavior of the movable boundary integrated scheme is studied for tandem link connections. Under the assumptions made for the line-switched traffic, the forward allocation technique is found to offer the best alternative among different path set-up strategies.

A supplier selection and order allocation problem with stochastic demands

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Yun; Zhao, Lei; Zhao, Xiaobo; Jiang, Jianhua

2011-08-01

We consider a system comprising a retailer and a set of candidate suppliers that operates within a finite planning horizon of multiple periods. The retailer replenishes its inventory from the suppliers and satisfies stochastic customer demands. At the beginning of each period, the retailer makes decisions on the replenishment quantity, supplier selection and order allocation among the selected suppliers. An optimisation problem is formulated to minimise the total expected system cost, which includes an outer level stochastic dynamic program for the optimal replenishment quantity and an inner level integer program for supplier selection and order allocation with a given replenishment quantity. For the inner level subproblem, we develop a polynomial algorithm to obtain optimal decisions. For the outer level subproblem, we propose an efficient heuristic for the system with integer-valued inventory, based on the structural properties of the system with real-valued inventory. We investigate the efficiency of the proposed solution approach, as well as the impact of parameters on the optimal replenishment decision with numerical experiments.

Using game theory for perceptual tuned rate control algorithm in video coding

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luo, Jiancong; Ahmad, Ishfaq

2005-03-01

This paper proposes a game theoretical rate control technique for video compression. Using a cooperative gaming approach, which has been utilized in several branches of natural and social sciences because of its enormous potential for solving constrained optimization problems, we propose a dual-level scheme to optimize the perceptual quality while guaranteeing "fairness" in bit allocation among macroblocks. At the frame level, the algorithm allocates target bits to frames based on their coding complexity. At the macroblock level, the algorithm distributes bits to macroblocks by defining a bargaining game. Macroblocks play cooperatively to compete for shares of resources (bits) to optimize their quantization scales while considering the Human Visual System"s perceptual property. Since the whole frame is an entity perceived by viewers, macroblocks compete cooperatively under a global objective of achieving the best quality with the given bit constraint. The major advantage of the proposed approach is that the cooperative game leads to an optimal and fair bit allocation strategy based on the Nash Bargaining Solution. Another advantage is that it allows multi-objective optimization with multiple decision makers (macroblocks). The simulation results testify the algorithm"s ability to achieve accurate bit rate with good perceptual quality, and to maintain a stable buffer level.

A review of distributed parameter groundwater management modeling methods

USGS Publications Warehouse

Gorelick, Steven M.

1983-01-01

Models which solve the governing groundwater flow or solute transport equations in conjunction with optimization techniques, such as linear and quadratic programing, are powerful aquifer management tools. Groundwater management models fall in two general categories: hydraulics or policy evaluation and water allocation. Groundwater hydraulic management models enable the determination of optimal locations and pumping rates of numerous wells under a variety of restrictions placed upon local drawdown, hydraulic gradients, and water production targets. Groundwater policy evaluation and allocation models can be used to study the influence upon regional groundwater use of institutional policies such as taxes and quotas. Furthermore, fairly complex groundwater-surface water allocation problems can be handled using system decomposition and multilevel optimization. Experience from the few real world applications of groundwater optimization-management techniques is summarized. Classified separately are methods for groundwater quality management aimed at optimal waste disposal in the subsurface. This classification is composed of steady state and transient management models that determine disposal patterns in such a way that water quality is protected at supply locations. Classes of research missing from the literature are groundwater quality management models involving nonlinear constraints, models which join groundwater hydraulic and quality simulations with political-economic management considerations, and management models that include parameter uncertainty.

A Review of Distributed Parameter Groundwater Management Modeling Methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gorelick, Steven M.

1983-04-01

Models which solve the governing groundwater flow or solute transport equations in conjunction with optimization techniques, such as linear and quadratic programing, are powerful aquifer management tools. Groundwater management models fall in two general categories: hydraulics or policy evaluation and water allocation. Groundwater hydraulic management models enable the determination of optimal locations and pumping rates of numerous wells under a variety of restrictions placed upon local drawdown, hydraulic gradients, and water production targets. Groundwater policy evaluation and allocation models can be used to study the influence upon regional groundwater use of institutional policies such as taxes and quotas. Furthermore, fairly complex groundwater-surface water allocation problems can be handled using system decomposition and multilevel optimization. Experience from the few real world applications of groundwater optimization-management techniques is summarized. Classified separately are methods for groundwater quality management aimed at optimal waste disposal in the subsurface. This classification is composed of steady state and transient management models that determine disposal patterns in such a way that water quality is protected at supply locations. Classes of research missing from the literature are groundwater quality management models involving nonlinear constraints, models which join groundwater hydraulic and quality simulations with political-economic management considerations, and management models that include parameter uncertainty.

The Development and Diffusion of the Training and Technology Program: A Decade of Development of Manpower Training, 1965-1975. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Demik, Gary H.; And Others

The report describes the development of a model training program, Training and Technology, and subsequent efforts to diffuse the innovation. Before the inception of TAT, a survey study, Resources for Southern Manpower Development, had indicated that the South had considerable manpower development potential and need. TAT was organized by Oak Ridge…

LONG-TERM MANPOWER PROJECTIONS, PROCEEDINGS OF A CONFERENCE CONDUCTED BY THE RESEARCH PROGRAM ON UNEMPLOYMENT AND THE AMERICAN ECONOMY (WASHINGTON, D.C., JUNE 25-26, 1964).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

GORDON, R.A.

FORTY-ONE REPRESENTATIVES FROM EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT, AND THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION MET IN A 2-DAY CONFERENCE TO DISCUSS MANPOWER PROJECTIONS. GENERAL AREAS CONSIDERED WERE (1) METHODS NOW BEING USED WITHIN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TO MAKE MANPOWER PROJECTIONS, (2) GROUPS OUTSIDE THE GOVERNMENT CONCERNED WITH MAKING…

Labor Market Identification Model; Procedure in Labor Market Planning for Vocational Education Programs of Columbia Junior College.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Columbia Junior Coll., CA.

This document is designed as a workbook for those planning to conduct labor market surveys. The data gathering procedures were specifically designed for a small rural college with limited financial and manpower resources. The purposes of such a survey are to identify manpower needs, to make the college known as a source of trained manpower, and to…

A Report and Basic Proposal to Provide Alaskan Manpower Entry into the Pipeline and Related Construction Skills via Technical Training, Immediate and Intermediate.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bland, Laurel L.

To make policy makers and others more aware of possibilities for utilizing Alaskan manpower, information has been gathered on the manpower demand to construct the proposed 800 mile Alaska oil pipeline and its supporting system. The recruitment and training of chronically unemployed or underemployed workers (largely Eskimos and Indians) is being…

Manpower and Employment Policies for Developing Countries, Proceedings of the International Manpower Seminar. (7th, September 28-December 10, 1966).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bussey, Ellen M.

The Seminar, a joint venture of the Agency for International Development and the Labor Department of the United States, brought together 29 participants from 20 developing countries for the purpose of exchanging ideas and experiences on manpower programs and planning efforts. These proceedings are the result of notes taken by reporters during the…

Experimental Design of Multi-Crewing in R.O.K. (Republic of Korea) Navy.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-12-01

9 B. RESOURCE COSTRAINTS GEOGRAPHIC, MANPOWER, AND OTHEk ............................. 9 C. DESCRIPTION OF CURRENT OPERATIONS...Korean submarine force. B. RESOURCE COSTRAINTS , GEOGRAPHIC, MANPOWER, AND OTHER The primary yardstick for comparison of naval forces is the number and type...manpower of the Navy is generally inadequate to meet their performance requirement. This kind of problem is not only limited to internal Navy organization

Health Manpower Credentialing: Legal Implications of Institutional Licensure. Health Manpower Policy Discussion Paper Series No.: C3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crane, Stephen

The objective of this analysis is to outline in broad fashion the current trends and issues in the licensure of health manpower and to contrast two proposed alternative systems of credentialing that focus on licensure of health care institutions instead of individual health care providers. The argument of the analysis is that the current system of…

Datasets for supplier selection and order allocation with green criteria, all-unit quantity discounts and varying number of suppliers.

PubMed

Hamdan, Sadeque; Cheaitou, Ali

2017-08-01

This data article provides detailed optimization input and output datasets and optimization code for the published research work titled "Dynamic green supplier selection and order allocation with quantity discounts and varying supplier availability" (Hamdan and Cheaitou, 2017, In press) [1]. Researchers may use these datasets as a baseline for future comparison and extensive analysis of the green supplier selection and order allocation problem with all-unit quantity discount and varying number of suppliers. More particularly, the datasets presented in this article allow researchers to generate the exact optimization outputs obtained by the authors of Hamdan and Cheaitou (2017, In press) [1] using the provided optimization code and then to use them for comparison with the outputs of other techniques or methodologies such as heuristic approaches. Moreover, this article includes the randomly generated optimization input data and the related outputs that are used as input data for the statistical analysis presented in Hamdan and Cheaitou (2017 In press) [1] in which two different approaches for ranking potential suppliers are compared. This article also provides the time analysis data used in (Hamdan and Cheaitou (2017, In press) [1] to study the effect of the problem size on the computation time as well as an additional time analysis dataset. The input data for the time study are generated randomly, in which the problem size is changed, and then are used by the optimization problem to obtain the corresponding optimal outputs as well as the corresponding computation time.

[Web-based evidence of treatment capacity. An instrument for optimizing the interface between prehospital and hospital management].

PubMed

Schweigkofler, U; Reimertz, C; Auhuber, T C; Jung, H G; Gottschalk, R; Hoffmann, R

2011-10-01

The outcome of injured patients depends on intrastractural circumstances as well as on the time until clinical treatment begins. A rapid patient allocation can only be achieved occur if informations about the care capacity status of the medical centers are available. Considering this an improvement at the interface prehospital/clinical care seems possible. In 2010 in Frankfurt am Main the announcement of free capacity (positive proof) was converted to a web-based negative proof of interdisciplinary care capacities. So-called closings are indicated in a web portal, recorded centrally and registered at the local health authority and the management of participating hospitals. Analyses of the allocations to hospitals of all professional disciplines from the years 2009 and 2010 showed an optimized use of the resources. A decline of the allocations by the order from 261 to 0 could be reached by the introduction of the clear care capacity proof system. The health authorities as the regulating body rarely had to intervene (decline from 400 to 7 cases). Surgical care in Frankfurt was guaranteed at any time by one of the large medical centers. The web-based care capacity proof system introduced in 2010 does justice to the demand for optimum resource use on-line. Integration of this allocation system into the developing trauma networks can optimize the process for a quick and high quality care of severely injured patients. It opens new approaches to improve allocation of high numbers of casualties in disaster medicine.

The benefit of using additional hydrological information from earth observations and reanalysis data on water allocation decisions in irrigation districts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaune, Alexander; López, Patricia; Werner, Micha; de Fraiture, Charlotte

2017-04-01

Hydrological information on water availability and demand is vital for sound water allocation decisions in irrigation districts, particularly in times of water scarcity. However, sub-optimal water allocation decisions are often taken with incomplete hydrological information, which may lead to agricultural production loss. In this study we evaluate the benefit of additional hydrological information from earth observations and reanalysis data in supporting decisions in irrigation districts. Current water allocation decisions were emulated through heuristic operational rules for water scarce and water abundant conditions in the selected irrigation districts. The Dynamic Water Balance Model based on the Budyko framework was forced with precipitation datasets from interpolated ground measurements, remote sensing and reanalysis data, to determine the water availability for irrigation. Irrigation demands were estimated based on estimates of potential evapotranspiration and coefficient for crops grown, adjusted with the interpolated precipitation data. Decisions made using both current and additional hydrological information were evaluated through the rate at which sub-optimal decisions were made. The decisions made using an amended set of decision rules that benefit from additional information on demand in the districts were also evaluated. Results show that sub-optimal decisions can be reduced in the planning phase through improved estimates of water availability. Where there are reliable observations of water availability through gauging stations, the benefit of the improved precipitation data is found in the improved estimates of demand, equally leading to a reduction of sub-optimal decisions.

Optimal Power Allocation Strategy in a Joint Bistatic Radar and Communication System Based on Low Probability of Intercept

PubMed Central

Wang, Fei; Salous, Sana; Zhou, Jianjiang

2017-01-01

In this paper, we investigate a low probability of intercept (LPI)-based optimal power allocation strategy for a joint bistatic radar and communication system, which is composed of a dedicated transmitter, a radar receiver, and a communication receiver. The joint system is capable of fulfilling the requirements of both radar and communications simultaneously. First, assuming that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) corresponding to the target surveillance path is much weaker than that corresponding to the line of sight path at radar receiver, the analytically closed-form expression for the probability of false alarm is calculated, whereas the closed-form expression for the probability of detection is not analytically tractable and is approximated due to the fact that the received signals are not zero-mean Gaussian under target presence hypothesis. Then, an LPI-based optimal power allocation strategy is presented to minimize the total transmission power for information signal and radar waveform, which is constrained by a specified information rate for the communication receiver and the desired probabilities of detection and false alarm for the radar receiver. The well-known bisection search method is employed to solve the resulting constrained optimization problem. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to reveal the effects of several system parameters on the power allocation results. It is also demonstrated that the LPI performance of the joint bistatic radar and communication system can be markedly improved by utilizing the proposed scheme. PMID:29186850

Optimal Power Allocation Strategy in a Joint Bistatic Radar and Communication System Based on Low Probability of Intercept.

PubMed

Shi, Chenguang; Wang, Fei; Salous, Sana; Zhou, Jianjiang

2017-11-25

In this paper, we investigate a low probability of intercept (LPI)-based optimal power allocation strategy for a joint bistatic radar and communication system, which is composed of a dedicated transmitter, a radar receiver, and a communication receiver. The joint system is capable of fulfilling the requirements of both radar and communications simultaneously. First, assuming that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) corresponding to the target surveillance path is much weaker than that corresponding to the line of sight path at radar receiver, the analytically closed-form expression for the probability of false alarm is calculated, whereas the closed-form expression for the probability of detection is not analytically tractable and is approximated due to the fact that the received signals are not zero-mean Gaussian under target presence hypothesis. Then, an LPI-based optimal power allocation strategy is presented to minimize the total transmission power for information signal and radar waveform, which is constrained by a specified information rate for the communication receiver and the desired probabilities of detection and false alarm for the radar receiver. The well-known bisection search method is employed to solve the resulting constrained optimization problem. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to reveal the effects of several system parameters on the power allocation results. It is also demonstrated that the LPI performance of the joint bistatic radar and communication system can be markedly improved by utilizing the proposed scheme.

Novel technique for tracking manpower and work packages: a useful tool for the team and management

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gill, R.; Gracia, G.; Lupton, R. H.; O'Mullane, W.

2014-08-01

In these times of austerity it is becoming more and more important to justify the need for manpower to management. Additionally, with the fast pace of today's projects the need for tools that facilitate teams to not only plan, but also track their work, are essential. The practice of planning work packages and the associated manpower has been about for a while but little is done to really cross-check that planning against reality. In this paper these elements are brought together through a number of tools that make up the end to end process of planning, tracking and reporting of work package progress and manpower usage.

Labor costs incurred by anesthesiology groups because of operating rooms not being allocated and cases not being scheduled to maximize operating room efficiency.

PubMed

Abouleish, Amr E; Dexter, Franklin; Epstein, Richard H; Lubarsky, David A; Whitten, Charles W; Prough, Donald S

2003-04-01

Determination of operating room (OR) block allocation and case scheduling is often not based on maximizing OR efficiency, but rather on tradition and surgeon convenience. As a result, anesthesiology groups often incur additional labor costs. When negotiating financial support, heads of anesthesiology departments are often challenged to justify the subsidy necessary to offset these additional labor costs. In this study, we describe a method for calculating a statistically sound estimate of the excess labor costs incurred by an anesthesiology group because of inefficient OR allocation and case scheduling. OR information system and anesthesia staffing data for 1 yr were obtained from two university hospitals. Optimal OR allocation for each surgical service was determined by maximizing the efficiency of use of the OR staff. Hourly costs were converted to dollar amounts by using the nationwide median compensation for academic and private-practice anesthesia providers. Differences between actual costs and the optimal OR allocation were determined. For Hospital A, estimated annual excess labor costs were $1.6 million (95% confidence interval, $1.5-$1.7 million) and $2.0 million ($1.89-$2.05 million) when academic and private-practice compensation, respectively, was calculated. For Hospital B, excess labor costs were $1.0 million ($1.08-$1.17 million) and $1.4 million ($1.32-1.43 million) for academic and private-practice compensation, respectively. This study demonstrates a methodology for an anesthesiology group to estimate its excess labor costs. The group can then use these estimates when negotiating for subsidies with its hospital, medical school, or multispecialty medical group. We describe a new application for a previously reported statistical method to calculate operating room (OR) allocations to maximize OR efficiency. When optimal OR allocations and case scheduling are not implemented, the resulting increase in labor costs can be used in negotiations as a statistically sound estimate for the increased labor cost to the anesthesiology department.

Memory and Energy Optimization Strategies for Multithreaded Operating System on the Resource-Constrained Wireless Sensor Node

PubMed Central

Liu, Xing; Hou, Kun Mean; de Vaulx, Christophe; Xu, Jun; Yang, Jianfeng; Zhou, Haiying; Shi, Hongling; Zhou, Peng

2015-01-01

Memory and energy optimization strategies are essential for the resource-constrained wireless sensor network (WSN) nodes. In this article, a new memory-optimized and energy-optimized multithreaded WSN operating system (OS) LiveOS is designed and implemented. Memory cost of LiveOS is optimized by using the stack-shifting hybrid scheduling approach. Different from the traditional multithreaded OS in which thread stacks are allocated statically by the pre-reservation, thread stacks in LiveOS are allocated dynamically by using the stack-shifting technique. As a result, memory waste problems caused by the static pre-reservation can be avoided. In addition to the stack-shifting dynamic allocation approach, the hybrid scheduling mechanism which can decrease both the thread scheduling overhead and the thread stack number is also implemented in LiveOS. With these mechanisms, the stack memory cost of LiveOS can be reduced more than 50% if compared to that of a traditional multithreaded OS. Not is memory cost optimized, but also the energy cost is optimized in LiveOS, and this is achieved by using the multi-core “context aware” and multi-core “power-off/wakeup” energy conservation approaches. By using these approaches, energy cost of LiveOS can be reduced more than 30% when compared to the single-core WSN system. Memory and energy optimization strategies in LiveOS not only prolong the lifetime of WSN nodes, but also make the multithreaded OS feasible to run on the memory-constrained WSN nodes. PMID:25545264

An improved robust buffer allocation method for the project scheduling problem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghoddousi, Parviz; Ansari, Ramin; Makui, Ahmad

2017-04-01

Unpredictable uncertainties cause delays and additional costs for projects. Often, when using traditional approaches, the optimizing procedure of the baseline project plan fails and leads to delays. In this study, a two-stage multi-objective buffer allocation approach is applied for robust project scheduling. In the first stage, some decisions are made on buffer sizes and allocation to the project activities. A set of Pareto-optimal robust schedules is designed using the meta-heuristic non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) based on the decisions made in the buffer allocation step. In the second stage, the Pareto solutions are evaluated in terms of the deviation from the initial start time and due dates. The proposed approach was implemented on a real dam construction project. The outcomes indicated that the obtained buffered schedule reduces the cost of disruptions by 17.7% compared with the baseline plan, with an increase of about 0.3% in the project completion time.

Short-term storage allocation in a filmless hospital

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Strickland, Nicola H.; Deshaies, Marc J.; Reynolds, R. Anthony; Turner, Jonathan E.; Allison, David J.

1997-05-01

Optimizing limited short term storage (STS) resources requires gradual, systematic changes, monitored and modified within an operational PACS environment. Optimization of the centralized storage requires a balance of exam numbers and types in STS to minimize lengthy retrievals from long term archive. Changes to STS parameters and work procedures were made while monitoring the effects on resource allocation by analyzing disk space temporally. Proportions of disk space allocated to each patient category on STS were measured to approach the desired proportions in a controlled manner. Key factors for STS management were: (1) sophisticated exam prefetching algorithms: HIS/RIS-triggered, body part-related and historically-selected, and (2) a 'storage onion' design allocating various exam categories to layers with differential deletion protection. Hospitals planning for STS space should consider the needs of radiology, wards, outpatient clinics and clinicoradiological conferences for new and historical exams; desired on-line time; and potential increase in image throughput and changing resources, such as an increase in short term storage disk space.

Mitigating energy loss on distribution lines through the allocation of reactors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miranda, T. M.; Romero, F.; Meffe, A.; Castilho Neto, J.; Abe, L. F. T.; Corradi, F. E.

2018-03-01

This paper presents a methodology for automatic reactors allocation on medium voltage distribution lines to reduce energy loss. In Brazil, some feeders are distinguished by their long lengths and very low load, which results in a high influence of the capacitance of the line on the circuit’s performance, requiring compensation through the installation of reactors. The automatic allocation is accomplished using an optimization meta-heuristic called Global Neighbourhood Algorithm. Given a set of reactor models and a circuit, it outputs an optimal solution in terms of reduction of energy loss. The algorithm is also able to verify if the voltage limits determined by the user are not being violated, besides checking for energy quality. The methodology was implemented in a software tool, which can also show the allocation graphically. A simulation with four real feeders is presented in the paper. The obtained results were able to reduce the energy loss significantly, from 50.56%, in the worst case, to 93.10%, in the best case.

An Investigation of the Educational Needs of Health Sciences Library Manpower: III. Manpower Supply and Demand in Health Sciences Libraries *

PubMed Central

Rothenberg, Lesliebeth; Kronick, David A.; Rees, Alan M.

1971-01-01

An investigation of the manpower requirements of health sciences libraries and of educational programs appropriate to these manpower needs was begun in March 1968. To date, 4,727 libraries have been identified as being used by 14,000 health sciences institutions and programs. Of this total, 2,628 are hospital libraries; 1,328 are health sciences libraries and collections located outside of hospitals; and 771 are academic or public libraries. Within these libraries some 14,938 persons are directly involved, either full- or part-time, in the delivery of health sciences library services. Of the total work force, 5,861 persons are employed in hospital libraries and 9,077 are employed in health sciences libraries and collections. The ratio between professional and nonprofessional employees is 1:2; professional and nonprofessional status was assigned by the chief librarian. Survey data indicate a 7 percent manpower shortage in positions classified as professional, and a 3 percent shortage in positions classified as nonprofessional. PMID:5542913

Colloquy and workshops: regional implications of the engineering manpower requirements of the National Energy Program

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Segool, H. D.

1979-05-01

The crucial interrelationships of engineering manpower, technological innovation, productivity and capital re-formaton were keynoted. Near-term, a study has indicated a much larger New England energy demand-reduction/economic/market potential, with a probably larger engineering manpower requirement, for energy-conservation measures characterized by technological innovation and cost-effective capital services than for alternative energy-supply measures. Federal, regional, and state energy program responsibilities described a wide-ranging panorama of activities among many possible energy options which conveyed much endeavor without identifiable engineering manpower demand coefficients. Similarly, engineering manpower assessment data was described as uneven and unfocused to the energy program at the national level, disaggregated data asmore » non-existent at the regional/state levels, although some qualitative inferences were drawn. A separate abstract was prepared for each of the 16 individual presentations for the DOE Energy Data Base (EDB); 14 of these were selected for Energy Abstracts for Policy Analysis (EAPA) and 2 for Energy Research Abstracts (ERA).« less

On the optimal use of a slow server in two-stage queueing systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Papachristos, Ioannis; Pandelis, Dimitrios G.

2017-07-01

We consider two-stage tandem queueing systems with a dedicated server in each queue and a slower flexible server that can attend both queues. We assume Poisson arrivals and exponential service times, and linear holding costs for jobs present in the system. We study the optimal dynamic assignment of servers to jobs assuming that two servers cannot collaborate to work on the same job and preemptions are not allowed. We formulate the problem as a Markov decision process and derive properties of the optimal allocation for the dedicated (fast) servers. Specifically, we show that the one downstream should not idle, and the same is true for the one upstream when holding costs are larger there. The optimal allocation of the slow server is investigated through extensive numerical experiments that lead to conjectures on the structure of the optimal policy.

System, apparatus and methods to implement high-speed network analyzers

DOEpatents

Ezick, James; Lethin, Richard; Ros-Giralt, Jordi; Szilagyi, Peter; Wohlford, David E

2015-11-10

Systems, apparatus and methods for the implementation of high-speed network analyzers are provided. A set of high-level specifications is used to define the behavior of the network analyzer emitted by a compiler. An optimized inline workflow to process regular expressions is presented without sacrificing the semantic capabilities of the processing engine. An optimized packet dispatcher implements a subset of the functions implemented by the network analyzer, providing a fast and slow path workflow used to accelerate specific processing units. Such dispatcher facility can also be used as a cache of policies, wherein if a policy is found, then packet manipulations associated with the policy can be quickly performed. An optimized method of generating DFA specifications for network signatures is also presented. The method accepts several optimization criteria, such as min-max allocations or optimal allocations based on the probability of occurrence of each signature input bit.

A hybrid Jaya algorithm for reliability-redundancy allocation problems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghavidel, Sahand; Azizivahed, Ali; Li, Li

2018-04-01

This article proposes an efficient improved hybrid Jaya algorithm based on time-varying acceleration coefficients (TVACs) and the learning phase introduced in teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO), named the LJaya-TVAC algorithm, for solving various types of nonlinear mixed-integer reliability-redundancy allocation problems (RRAPs) and standard real-parameter test functions. RRAPs include series, series-parallel, complex (bridge) and overspeed protection systems. The search power of the proposed LJaya-TVAC algorithm for finding the optimal solutions is first tested on the standard real-parameter unimodal and multi-modal functions with dimensions of 30-100, and then tested on various types of nonlinear mixed-integer RRAPs. The results are compared with the original Jaya algorithm and the best results reported in the recent literature. The optimal results obtained with the proposed LJaya-TVAC algorithm provide evidence for its better and acceptable optimization performance compared to the original Jaya algorithm and other reported optimal results.

Plant allocation of carbon to defense as a function of herbivory, light and nutrient availability

USGS Publications Warehouse

DeAngelis, Donald L.; Ju, Shu; Liu, Rongsong; Bryant, John P.; Gourley, Stephen A.

2012-01-01

We use modeling to determine the optimal relative plant carbon allocations between foliage, fine roots, anti-herbivore defense, and reproduction to maximize reproductive output. The model treats these plant components and the herbivore compartment as variables. Herbivory is assumed to be purely folivory. Key external factors include nutrient availability, degree of shading, and intensity of herbivory. Three alternative functional responses are used for herbivory, two of which are variations on donor-dependent herbivore (models 1a and 1b) and one of which is a Lotka–Volterra type of interaction (model 2). All three were modified to include the negative effect of chemical defenses on the herbivore. Analysis showed that, for all three models, two stable equilibria could occur, which differs from most common functional responses when no plant defense component is included. Optimal strategies of carbon allocation were defined as the maximum biomass of reproductive propagules produced per unit time, and found to vary with changes in external factors. Increased intensity of herbivory always led to an increase in the fractional allocation of carbon to defense. Decreases in available limiting nutrient generally led to increasing importance of defense. Decreases in available light had little effect on defense but led to increased allocation to foliage. Decreases in limiting nutrient and available light led to decreases in allocation to reproduction in models 1a and 1b but not model 2. Increases in allocation to plant defense were usually accompanied by shifts in carbon allocation away from fine roots, possibly because higher plant defense reduced the loss of nutrients to herbivory.

Optimization Model for cooperative water allocation and valuation in large river basins regarding environmental constraints

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pournazeri, S.

2011-12-01

A comprehensive optimization model named Cooperative Water Allocation Model (CWAM) is developed for equitable and efficient water allocation and valuation of Zab river basin in order to solve the draught problems of Orumieh Lake in North West of Iran. The model's methodology consists of three phases. The first represents an initial water rights allocation among competing users. The second comprises the water reallocation process for complete usage by consumers. The third phase performs an allocation of the net benefit of the stakeholders participating in a coalition by applying cooperative game theory. The environmental constraints are accounted for in the water allocation model by entering probable environmental damage in a target function, and inputting the minimum water requirement of users. The potential of underground water usage is evaluated in order to compensate for the variation in the amount of surface water. This is conducted by applying an integrated economic- hydrologic river basin model. A node-link river basin network is utilized in CWAM which consists of two major blocks. The first indicates the internal water rights allocation and the second is associated to water and net benefit reallocation. System control, loss in links by evaporation or seepage, modification of inflow into the node, loss in nodes and loss in outflow are considered in this model. Water valuation is calculated for environmental, industrial, municipal and agricultural usage by net benefit function. It can be seen that the water rights are allocated efficiently and incomes are distributed appropriately based on quality and quantity limitations.

MANPOWER REPORT OF THE PRESIDENT AND A REPORT ON MANPOWER REQUIREMENTS, RESOURCES, UTILIZATION, AND TRAINING, MARCH 1966.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Department of Labor, Washington, DC.

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE PRESIDENT'S REPORT INCLUDED (1) IN 1965 MORE THAN 100,000 PERSONS COMPLETED TRAINING UNDER THE MANPOWER DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING ACT, (2) 3 OF EVERY 4 WERE PLACED IN JOBS WITHIN 90 DAYS OF COMPLETION OF THE COURSE, (3) MORE THAN 500,000 YOUNG MEN AND WOMEN WERE APPROVED FOR PARTICIPATION IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD YOUTH CORPS, (4)…

2015 Workplace and Gender Relations Survey of Reserve Component Members: Tabulations of Responses

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-17

Report 6. AUTHOR(S) DefenseResearch, Surveys,andStatistics Center (RSSC) 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Defense Manpower Data Center...2015 WORKPLACE AND GENDER RELATIONS SURVEY OF RESERVE COMPONENT MEMBERS: TABULATIONS OF RESPONSES Defense Manpower Data Center Defense Research...Surveys, and Statistics Center 4800 Mark Center Drive, Suite 04E25-01, Alexandria, VA 22350-4000 ii DMDC Acknowledgments The Defense Manpower Data

2015 Military Investigation and Justice Experience Survey (MIJES). Overview Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-16

FMG) b Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC) a SRA International, Inc., A CSRA Company Defense Manpower Data Center 4800 Mark Center Drive, Suite... Manpower Data Center (DMDC) is indebted to numerous people for their assistance with the 2015 Military Investigation and Justice Experience Survey (2015...Statistical Analysis Macros to calculate the results presented in this report. Ms. Sue Reinhold provided assistance with programming and merging contact

L'Education des Adultes et les Problemes de Main-D'Oeuvre (Adult Education and Manpower Problems). Les Cahiers de L'I.C.E., 6-7.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Canadian Inst. for Adult Education, Montreal (Quebec).

The impact of continuing education on the complex problems encountered in developing and implementing overall manpower policies is discussed and documented in this anthology. An introductory chapter on adult education and the labor force is followed by surveys and critiques of manpower policy and the organization of the labor market in Sweden, the…

Lean Manufacturing and the Infantry: Retaining Quality during Total Mobilization

DTIC Science & Technology

United States last decisive war against a peer threat, World War II, required significant manpower resources. Prioritizing quality manpower ...distribution to technical jobs resulted in the degradation of the infantry, which then required the Army to implement corrective measures to reverse the...deficiency in quality. Should another decisive war occur in the future, the lethality and speed of modern warfare will increase the demand for manpower , which

Sharing the Burden and Risk: An Operational Assessment of the Reserve Components in Operation Iraqi Freedom

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-10-01

Manpower Data Center (DMDC) for data extracts identifying monthly deployments from September 2001 through December 2014. This data would answer questions... Manpower Data Center (DMDC) databases captured which service members were mobilized and deployed. Government history offices, lessons learned...develop MOEs and MOPs to conduct assessments. 1. Data Extracts Concurrent with engagement efforts, IDA queried the Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC

Higher Education and Development in South-East Asia. Volume III, Part 1, High-level Manpower for Development.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hunter, Guy

This document, the first part of the third volume of a study concerned with the role of institutions of higher education in the development of countries in South-East Asia, appraises the high-level manpower needs of the region. The report is divided into two sections: the first includes the major comments on the position of high-level manpower in…

Sensitivity analysis of key components in large-scale hydroeconomic models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Medellin-Azuara, J.; Connell, C. R.; Lund, J. R.; Howitt, R. E.

2008-12-01

This paper explores the likely impact of different estimation methods in key components of hydro-economic models such as hydrology and economic costs or benefits, using the CALVIN hydro-economic optimization for water supply in California. In perform our analysis using two climate scenarios: historical and warm-dry. The components compared were perturbed hydrology using six versus eighteen basins, highly-elastic urban water demands, and different valuation of agricultural water scarcity. Results indicate that large scale hydroeconomic hydro-economic models are often rather robust to a variety of estimation methods of ancillary models and components. Increasing the level of detail in the hydrologic representation of this system might not greatly affect overall estimates of climate and its effects and adaptations for California's water supply. More price responsive urban water demands will have a limited role in allocating water optimally among competing uses. Different estimation methods for the economic value of water and scarcity in agriculture may influence economically optimal water allocation; however land conversion patterns may have a stronger influence in this allocation. Overall optimization results of large-scale hydro-economic models remain useful for a wide range of assumptions in eliciting promising water management alternatives.

Manpower planning using Markov Chain model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saad, Syafawati Ab; Adnan, Farah Adibah; Ibrahim, Haslinda; Rahim, Rahela

2014-07-01

Manpower planning is a planning model which understands the flow of manpower based on the policies changes. For such purpose, numerous attempts have been made by researchers to develop a model to investigate the track of movements of lecturers for various universities. As huge number of lecturers in a university, it is difficult to track the movement of lecturers and also there is no quantitative way used in tracking the movement of lecturers. This research is aimed to determine the appropriate manpower model to understand the flow of lecturers in a university in Malaysia by determine the probability and mean time of lecturers remain in the same status rank. In addition, this research also intended to estimate the number of lecturers in different status rank (lecturer, senior lecturer and associate professor). From the previous studies, there are several methods applied in manpower planning model and appropriate method used in this research is Markov Chain model. Results obtained from this study indicate that the appropriate manpower planning model used is validated by compare to the actual data. The smaller margin of error gives a better result which means that the projection is closer to actual data. These results would give some suggestions for the university to plan the hiring lecturers and budgetary for university in future.

[A study on dental manpower distribution in Shanghai Pudong new district].

PubMed

Gu, Qin; Feng, Xi-ping

2006-02-01

A study of dental manpower distribution was made in Shanghai Pudong new district in order to analyze the needs and demands for dental services in Shanghai Pudong new district, to forecast the developmental trends of dental demand in the future and to provide basis for regional programs of dental manpower in the urban areas of China. An analysis was made in 601 subjects taken from all age groups in Shanghai Pudong new district by stratified and cluster random sampling and in 83 medical institutions of stomatology in Shanghai Pudong new district by mass examination. The amount of dental manpower need and demand was computed and forecasted by means of health care need and demand and proportional analogy methods. The total amounts needed were 755-834 dentists. The total amounts demanded were 285-314 dentists. It was forecasted that the figures would be 392-1041 in the year of 2010. The prevalence of oral disease was 90.18%, but only 37.66% of subjects visited dentist in a year. The ratio of dentists to the population was 1:9375. The unbalance between demand for and supply of dental manpower was mainly due to negative awareness of people, the irrationalness of demand levels, problems from service provider and the irrationalness of dental manpower levels.

Algorithms for synthesizing management solutions based on OLAP-technologies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pishchukhin, A. M.; Akhmedyanova, G. F.

2018-05-01

OLAP technologies are a convenient means of analyzing large amounts of information. An attempt was made in their work to improve the synthesis of optimal management decisions. The developed algorithms allow forecasting the needs and accepted management decisions on the main types of the enterprise resources. Their advantage is the efficiency, based on the simplicity of quadratic functions and differential equations of only the first order. At the same time, the optimal redistribution of resources between different types of products from the assortment of the enterprise is carried out, and the optimal allocation of allocated resources in time. The proposed solutions can be placed on additional specially entered coordinates of the hypercube representing the data warehouse.

Vehicle routing problem and capacitated vehicle routing problem frameworks in fund allocation problem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mamat, Nur Jumaadzan Zaleha; Jaaman, Saiful Hafizah; Ahmad, Rokiah@Rozita

2016-11-01

Two new methods adopted from methods commonly used in the field of transportation and logistics are proposed to solve a specific issue of investment allocation problem. Vehicle routing problem and capacitated vehicle routing methods are applied to optimize the fund allocation of a portfolio of investment assets. This is done by determining the sequence of the assets. As a result, total investment risk is minimized by this sequence.

A novel frame-level constant-distortion bit allocation for smooth H.264/AVC video quality

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Li; Zhuang, Xinhua

2009-01-01

It is known that quality fluctuation has a major negative effect on visual perception. In previous work, we introduced a constant-distortion bit allocation method [1] for H.263+ encoder. However, the method in [1] can not be adapted to the newest H.264/AVC encoder directly as the well-known chicken-egg dilemma resulted from the rate-distortion optimization (RDO) decision process. To solve this problem, we propose a new two stage constant-distortion bit allocation (CDBA) algorithm with enhanced rate control for H.264/AVC encoder. In stage-1, the algorithm performs RD optimization process with a constant quantization QP. Based on prediction residual signals from stage-1 and target distortion for smooth video quality purpose, the frame-level bit target is allocated by using a close-form approximations of ratedistortion relationship similar to [1], and a fast stage-2 encoding process is performed with enhanced basic unit rate control. Experimental results show that, compared with original rate control algorithm provided by H.264/AVC reference software JM12.1, the proposed constant-distortion frame-level bit allocation scheme reduces quality fluctuation and delivers much smoother PSNR on all testing sequences.

50 CFR 600.325 - National Standard 4-Allocations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... promote conservation (in the sense of wise use) by optimizing the yield in terms of size, value, market... Section 600.325 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND....325 National Standard 4—Allocations. (a) Standard 4. Conservation and management measures shall not...

Asset Allocation to Cover a Region of Piracy

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-09-01

1087-1092. 8. Kirkpatrick, S., Optimization by Simulated Annealing. Science, 1983. 220(4598): p. 671-680. 9. Daskin , M. S., A bibliography for some...... a uniform piracy risk and where some areas are more vulnerable than others. Simulated annealing was used to allocate the patrolling naval assets

Priority setting in health care: disentangling risk aversion from inequality aversion.

PubMed

Echazu, Luciana; Nocetti, Diego

2013-06-01

In this paper, we introduce a tractable social welfare function that is rich enough to disentangle attitudes towards risk in health outcomes from attitudes towards health inequalities across individuals. Given this preference specification, we evaluate how the introduction of uncertainty over the severity of illness and over the effectiveness of treatments affects the optimal allocation of healthcare resources. We show that the way in which uncertainty affects the optimal allocation within our proposed specification may differ sharply from that in the standard expected utility framework. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A model for dynamic allocation of human attention among multiple tasks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sheridan, T. B.; Tulga, M. K.

1978-01-01

The problem of multi-task attention allocation with special reference to aircraft piloting is discussed with the experimental paradigm used to characterize this situation and the experimental results obtained in the first phase of the research. A qualitative description of an approach to mathematical modeling, and some results obtained with it are also presented to indicate what aspects of the model are most promising. Two appendices are given which (1) discuss the model in relation to graph theory and optimization and (2) specify the optimization algorithm of the model.

Advanced automation for in-space vehicle processing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sklar, Michael; Wegerif, D.

1990-01-01

The primary objective of this 3-year planned study is to assure that the fully evolved Space Station Freedom (SSF) can support automated processing of exploratory mission vehicles. Current study assessments show that required extravehicular activity (EVA) and to some extent intravehicular activity (IVA) manpower requirements for required processing tasks far exceeds the available manpower. Furthermore, many processing tasks are either hazardous operations or they exceed EVA capability. Thus, automation is essential for SSF transportation node functionality. Here, advanced automation represents the replacement of human performed tasks beyond the planned baseline automated tasks. Both physical tasks such as manipulation, assembly and actuation, and cognitive tasks such as visual inspection, monitoring and diagnosis, and task planning are considered. During this first year of activity both the Phobos/Gateway Mars Expedition and Lunar Evolution missions proposed by the Office of Exploration have been evaluated. A methodology for choosing optimal tasks to be automated has been developed. Processing tasks for both missions have been ranked on the basis of automation potential. The underlying concept in evaluating and describing processing tasks has been the use of a common set of 'Primitive' task descriptions. Primitive or standard tasks have been developed both for manual or crew processing and automated machine processing.

Manpower Requirements Report for FY 1983.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-03-01

the Defense Department as the employer of military personnel. Payments are influenced by the levels of basic pay and the Social Security tax rates ...e... AiId-.FY 1983 Manpower Costs X-6 CurrenCivIlian and Military Pay Rates X-15 Ii Chapter Page XI Manpower and Forces by Location Strategic...bonus levels as skills become filled and to raise levels in skills where the reenlist- ment rate is insufficient to remedy shortfalls. Although the

Manpower planning for nurse personnel.

PubMed Central

Keaveny, T J; Hayden, R L

1978-01-01

A technique is described which can be applied to manpower planning for nurse personnel at a state or regional level. An iterative process explores the implications of alternative planning policy decision strategies intended to balance manpower supply and requirements. Impacts of the following policy alternatives are estimated: scale of operations of education institutions; interstate migration patterns; labor force participation rates; and job design of licensed practical nurse (LPN) and registered nurse (RN) positions. PMID:665883

Application of a COTS Resource Optimization Framework to the SSN Sensor Tasking Domain - Part I: Problem Definition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tran, T.

With the onset of the SmallSat era, the RSO catalog is expected to see continuing growth in the near future. This presents a significant challenge to the current sensor tasking of the SSN. The Air Force is in need of a sensor tasking system that is robust, efficient, scalable, and able to respond in real-time to interruptive events that can change the tracking requirements of the RSOs. Furthermore, the system must be capable of using processed data from heterogeneous sensors to improve tasking efficiency. The SSN sensor tasking can be regarded as an economic problem of supply and demand: the amount of tracking data needed by each RSO represents the demand side while the SSN sensor tasking represents the supply side. As the number of RSOs to be tracked grows, demand exceeds supply. The decision-maker is faced with the problem of how to allocate resources in the most efficient manner. Braxton recently developed a framework called Multi-Objective Resource Optimization using Genetic Algorithm (MOROUGA) as one of its modern COTS software products. This optimization framework took advantage of the maturing technology of evolutionary computation in the last 15 years. This framework was applied successfully to address the resource allocation of an AFSCN-like problem. In any resource allocation problem, there are five key elements: (1) the resource pool, (2) the tasks using the resources, (3) a set of constraints on the tasks and the resources, (4) the objective functions to be optimized, and (5) the demand levied on the resources. In this paper we explain in detail how the design features of this optimization framework are directly applicable to address the SSN sensor tasking domain. We also discuss our validation effort as well as present the result of the AFSCN resource allocation domain using a prototype based on this optimization framework.

Risk management for optimal land use planning integrating ecosystem services values: A case study in Changsha, Middle China.

PubMed

Liang, Jie; Zhong, Minzhou; Zeng, Guangming; Chen, Gaojie; Hua, Shanshan; Li, Xiaodong; Yuan, Yujie; Wu, Haipeng; Gao, Xiang

2017-02-01

Land-use change has direct impact on ecosystem services and alters ecosystem services values (ESVs). Ecosystem services analysis is beneficial for land management and decisions. However, the application of ESVs for decision-making in land use decisions is scarce. In this paper, a method, integrating ESVs to balance future ecosystem-service benefit and risk, is developed to optimize investment in land for ecological conservation in land use planning. Using ecological conservation in land use planning in Changsha as an example, ESVs is regarded as the expected ecosystem-service benefit. And uncertainty of land use change is regarded as risk. This method can optimize allocation of investment in land to improve ecological benefit. The result shows that investment should be partial to Liuyang City to get higher benefit. The investment should also be shifted from Liuyang City to other regions to reduce risk. In practice, lower limit and upper limit for weight distribution, which affects optimal outcome and selection of investment allocation, should be set in investment. This method can reveal the optimal spatial allocation of investment to maximize the expected ecosystem-service benefit at a given level of risk or minimize risk at a given level of expected ecosystem-service benefit. Our results of optimal analyses highlight tradeoffs between future ecosystem-service benefit and uncertainty of land use change in land use decisions. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Mathematical programming for the efficient allocation of health care resources.

PubMed

Stinnett, A A; Paltiel, A D

1996-10-01

Previous discussions of methods for the efficient allocation of health care resources subject to a budget constraint have relied on unnecessarily restrictive assumptions. This paper makes use of established optimization techniques to demonstrate that a general mathematical programming framework can accommodate much more complex information regarding returns to scale, partial and complete indivisibility and program interdependence. Methods are also presented for incorporating ethical constraints into the resource allocation process, including explicit identification of the cost of equity.

Resource allocation in shared spectrum access communications for operators with diverse service requirements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kibria, Mirza Golam; Villardi, Gabriel Porto; Ishizu, Kentaro; Kojima, Fumihide; Yano, Hiroyuki

2016-12-01

In this paper, we study inter-operator spectrum sharing and intra-operator resource allocation in shared spectrum access communication systems and propose efficient dynamic solutions to address both inter-operator and intra-operator resource allocation optimization problems. For inter-operator spectrum sharing, we present two competent approaches, namely the subcarrier gain-based sharing and fragmentation-based sharing, which carry out fair and flexible allocation of the available shareable spectrum among the operators subject to certain well-defined sharing rules, traffic demands, and channel propagation characteristics. The subcarrier gain-based spectrum sharing scheme has been found to be more efficient in terms of achieved throughput. However, the fragmentation-based sharing is more attractive in terms of computational complexity. For intra-operator resource allocation, we consider resource allocation problem with users' dissimilar service requirements, where the operator supports users with delay constraint and non-delay constraint service requirements, simultaneously. This optimization problem is a mixed-integer non-linear programming problem and non-convex, which is computationally very expensive, and the complexity grows exponentially with the number of integer variables. We propose less-complex and efficient suboptimal solution based on formulating exact linearization, linear approximation, and convexification techniques for the non-linear and/or non-convex objective functions and constraints. Extensive simulation performance analysis has been carried out that validates the efficiency of the proposed solution.

Noninferiority trial designs for odds ratios and risk differences.

PubMed

Hilton, Joan F

2010-04-30

This study presents constrained maximum likelihood derivations of the design parameters of noninferiority trials for binary outcomes with the margin defined on the odds ratio (ψ) or risk-difference (δ) scale. The derivations show that, for trials in which the group-specific response rates are equal under the point-alternative hypothesis, the common response rate, π(N), is a fixed design parameter whose value lies between the control and experimental rates hypothesized at the point-null, {π(C), π(E)}. We show that setting π(N) equal to the value of π(C) that holds under H(0) underestimates the overall sample size requirement. Given {π(C), ψ} or {π(C), δ} and the type I and II error rates, or algorithm finds clinically meaningful design values of π(N), and the corresponding minimum asymptotic sample size, N=n(E)+n(C), and optimal allocation ratio, γ=n(E)/n(C). We find that optimal allocations are increasingly imbalanced as ψ increases, with γ(ψ)<1 and γ(δ)≈1/γ(ψ), and that ranges of allocation ratios map to the minimum sample size. The latter characteristic allows trialists to consider trade-offs between optimal allocation at a smaller N and a preferred allocation at a larger N. For designs with relatively large margins (e.g. ψ>2.5), trial results that are presented on both scales will differ in power, with more power lost if the study is designed on the risk-difference scale and reported on the odds ratio scale than vice versa. 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Maximizing the impact of malaria funding through allocative efficiency: using the right interventions in the right locations.

PubMed

Scott, Nick; Hussain, S Azfar; Martin-Hughes, Rowan; Fowkes, Freya J I; Kerr, Cliff C; Pearson, Ruth; Kedziora, David J; Killedar, Madhura; Stuart, Robyn M; Wilson, David P

2017-09-12

The high burden of malaria and limited funding means there is a necessity to maximize the allocative efficiency of malaria control programmes. Quantitative tools are urgently needed to guide budget allocation decisions. A geospatial epidemic model was coupled with costing data and an optimization algorithm to estimate the optimal allocation of budgeted and projected funds across all malaria intervention approaches. Interventions included long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs), indoor residual spraying (IRS), intermittent presumptive treatment during pregnancy (IPTp), seasonal mass chemoprevention in children (SMC), larval source management (LSM), mass drug administration (MDA), and behavioural change communication (BCC). The model was applied to six geopolitical regions of Nigeria in isolation and also the nation as a whole to minimize incidence and malaria-attributable mortality. Allocative efficiency gains could avert approximately 84,000 deaths or 15.7 million cases of malaria in Nigeria over 5 years. With an additional US$300 million available, approximately 134,000 deaths or 37.3 million cases of malaria could be prevented over 5 years. Priority funding should go to LLINs, IPTp and BCC programmes, and SMC should be expanded in seasonal areas. To minimize mortality, treatment expansion is critical and prioritized over some LLIN funding, while to minimize incidence, LLIN funding remained a priority. For areas with lower rainfall, LSM is prioritized over IRS but MDA is not recommended unless all other programmes are established. Substantial reductions in malaria morbidity and mortality can be made by optimal targeting of investments to the right malaria interventions in the right areas.

Challenges in defining an optimal approach to formula-based allocations of public health funds in the United States.

PubMed

Buehler, James W; Holtgrave, David R

2007-03-29

Controversy and debate can arise whenever public health agencies determine how program funds should be allocated among constituent jurisdictions. Two common strategies for making such allocations are expert review of competitive applications and the use of funding formulas. Despite widespread use of funding formulas by public health agencies in the United States, formula allocation strategies in public health have been subject to relatively little formal scrutiny, with the notable exception of the attention focused on formula funding of HIV care programs. To inform debates and deliberations in the selection of a formula-based approach, we summarize key challenges to formula-based funding, based on prior reviews of federal programs in the United States. The primary challenge lies in identifying data sources and formula calculation methods that both reflect and serve program objectives, with or without adjustments for variations in the cost of delivering services, the availability of local resources, capacity, or performance. Simplicity and transparency are major advantages of formula-based allocations, but these advantages can be offset if formula-based allocations are perceived to under- or over-fund some jurisdictions, which may result from how guaranteed minimum funding levels are set or from "hold-harmless" provisions intended to blunt the effects of changes in formula design or random variations in source data. While fairness is considered an advantage of formula-based allocations, the design of a formula may implicitly reflect unquestioned values concerning equity versus equivalence in setting funding policies. Whether or how past or projected trends are taken into account can also have substantial impacts on allocations. Insufficient attention has been focused on how the approach to designing funding formulas in public health should differ for treatment or service versus prevention programs. Further evaluations of formula-based versus competitive allocation methods are needed to promote the optimal use of public health funds. In the meantime, those who use formula-based strategies to allocate funds should be familiar with the nuances of this approach.

Bayesian dose selection design for a binary outcome using restricted response adaptive randomization.

PubMed

Meinzer, Caitlyn; Martin, Renee; Suarez, Jose I

2017-09-08

In phase II trials, the most efficacious dose is usually not known. Moreover, given limited resources, it is difficult to robustly identify a dose while also testing for a signal of efficacy that would support a phase III trial. Recent designs have sought to be more efficient by exploring multiple doses through the use of adaptive strategies. However, the added flexibility may potentially increase the risk of making incorrect assumptions and reduce the total amount of information available across the dose range as a function of imbalanced sample size. To balance these challenges, a novel placebo-controlled design is presented in which a restricted Bayesian response adaptive randomization (RAR) is used to allocate a majority of subjects to the optimal dose of active drug, defined as the dose with the lowest probability of poor outcome. However, the allocation between subjects who receive active drug or placebo is held constant to retain the maximum possible power for a hypothesis test of overall efficacy comparing the optimal dose to placebo. The design properties and optimization of the design are presented in the context of a phase II trial for subarachnoid hemorrhage. For a fixed total sample size, a trade-off exists between the ability to select the optimal dose and the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis. This relationship is modified by the allocation ratio between active and control subjects, the choice of RAR algorithm, and the number of subjects allocated to an initial fixed allocation period. While a responsive RAR algorithm improves the ability to select the correct dose, there is an increased risk of assigning more subjects to a worse arm as a function of ephemeral trends in the data. A subarachnoid treatment trial is used to illustrate how this design can be customized for specific objectives and available data. Bayesian adaptive designs are a flexible approach to addressing multiple questions surrounding the optimal dose for treatment efficacy within the context of limited resources. While the design is general enough to apply to many situations, future work is needed to address interim analyses and the incorporation of models for dose response.

Using genetic algorithm to solve a new multi-period stochastic optimization model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Xin-Li; Zhang, Ke-Cun

2009-09-01

This paper presents a new asset allocation model based on the CVaR risk measure and transaction costs. Institutional investors manage their strategic asset mix over time to achieve favorable returns subject to various uncertainties, policy and legal constraints, and other requirements. One may use a multi-period portfolio optimization model in order to determine an optimal asset mix. Recently, an alternative stochastic programming model with simulated paths was proposed by Hibiki [N. Hibiki, A hybrid simulation/tree multi-period stochastic programming model for optimal asset allocation, in: H. Takahashi, (Ed.) The Japanese Association of Financial Econometrics and Engineering, JAFFE Journal (2001) 89-119 (in Japanese); N. Hibiki A hybrid simulation/tree stochastic optimization model for dynamic asset allocation, in: B. Scherer (Ed.), Asset and Liability Management Tools: A Handbook for Best Practice, Risk Books, 2003, pp. 269-294], which was called a hybrid model. However, the transaction costs weren't considered in that paper. In this paper, we improve Hibiki's model in the following aspects: (1) The risk measure CVaR is introduced to control the wealth loss risk while maximizing the expected utility; (2) Typical market imperfections such as short sale constraints, proportional transaction costs are considered simultaneously. (3) Applying a genetic algorithm to solve the resulting model is discussed in detail. Numerical results show the suitability and feasibility of our methodology.

High accuracy of the nine equivalents of nursing manpower use score assessed by critical care nurses.

PubMed

Perren, Andreas; Previsdomini, Marco; Perren, Ilaria; Merlani, Paolo

2012-04-05

The nine equivalents of nursing manpower use score (NEMS) is frequently used to quantify, evaluate and allocate nursing workload at intensive care unit level. In Switzerland it has also become a key component in defining the degree of ICU hospital reimbursement. The accuracy of nurse registered NEMS scores in real life was assessed and error-prone variables were identified. In this retrospective multicentre audit three reviewers (1 nurse, 2 intensivists) independently reassessed a total of 529 NEMS scores. Correlation and agreement of the sum-scores and of the different variables among reviewers, as well as between nurses and the reviewers' reference value, were assessed (ICC, % agreement and kappa). Bland & Altman (reference value - nurses) of sum-scores and regression of the difference were determined and a logistic regression model identifying risk factors for erroneous assessments was calculated. Agreement for sum-scores among reviewers was almost perfect (mean ICC = 0.99 / significant correlation p <0.0001). The nurse registered NEMS score (mean ± SD) was 24.8 ± 8.6 points versus 24.0 ± 8.6 points (p <0.13 for difference) of the reference value, with a slightly lower ICC (0.83). The lowest agreement was found in intravenous medication (0.85). Bland & Altman was 0.84 ± 10, with a significant regression between the difference and the reference value, indicating overall an overestimation of lower scores (≤29 points) and underestimation of higher scores. Accuracy of scores or variables was not associated with nurses' characteristics. In real life, nurse registered NEMS scores are highly accurate. Lower (≤29 points) NEMS sum-scores are overestimated and higher underestimated. Accuracy of scores or variables was not associated with nurses' characteristics.

Base Structure Annex to Manpower Requirements Report for FY 1985.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-01-01

A 04 .I S DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE BASE STRUCTURE ANNEX Toct 00 Manpower Requirements Report for FY 1985 JANUARY 1984 DTIC ELECTE FEB 2 7 4 >~fB OFFICE...JANUARY 1984 DTIC S ELECTE FEB27 1984 Prepared by Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Manpower, Installations and Logistics) D&MM_ ffA-1ENo...individuals - Intelligence and Camunications 604 Individuals - Airlift/Sealift Forces 605 tndividua~ s - Guard and Reserves 609 Individ&ls - Training

Manpower Planning for the Wastewater Treatment Workforce of Texas: An Emerging Function. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Texas Water Utilities Association (58th, College Station, Texas, March, 1976).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jackson, Tom

This paper, presented at the 58th annual meeting of the Texas Water Utilities Association, attempts to point out the need for manpower planning for the wastewater treatment workforce of Texas. As reasons for manpower planning, this document discloses estimates of 1400-1500 new jobs, 1300 of which will be in wastewater treatment facilities of 1 MGD…

Department of Defense. Manpower Requirements Report for FY 1986. Volume 3. Force Readiness Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-02-01

tenth to one-fortieth) of, the.cost of any other solution . Increased reliance on F{NS makes strategic ’warning and allied response even more important. We...replaced by civilians in order for military personnel to man combat units. Increased procurement activity as well as intensified spare parts management...logistics, procurement , research and quality of life programs. E. Key Manpower Issues. FY� Army manpower initiatives seek to improve the quality and

Engaged in Debate: Major Albert C. Wedemeyer and the 1941 Victory Plan in Historical Memory

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-05-25

was simply a “ base of departure” or “benchmark” for continuing military-industrial dialogue, and, in this light, Wedemeyer’s manpower estimate was...only theaters and military operations, but manpower and industrial production as well. The result was the Victory Program, which officially began in... manpower and industrial production as well. The result was the Victory Program, which officially began in the summer of 1941 with a joint Army and Navy

A Survey of the Manpower Training Needs of Connecticut Business and Industry with Special Emphasis on the Development of a Computer-Based Model for Vocational-Career Information Delivery Systems. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Connecticut Business and Industry Association, Hartford.

Conducting a survey of manpower training needs of business and industry in Connecticut and identifying elements of a vocational-career information delivery system were the two major focuses of the study described in this report. Content is presented in three chapters. Chapter 1 reviews and analyzes the manpower training needs survey and results.…

A Variable Flow Modelling Approach To Military End Strength Planning

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-12-01

programming MAPE mean average percentage error MLRPS Manpower Long-Range Planning System MT marine technician OR operations research RAN Royal...OR Practice—The Army Manpower Long-Range Planning System. Operations Research , 36(1), 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/opre.36.1.5 Guerry, M. A...unlimited. 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE 13. ABSTRACT (maximum 200 words) The purpose of this thesis is to develop a model to assist military manpower planners in

An Evaluation of Artificial Neural Network Modeling for Manpower Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-09-01

NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California 0- I 1 ’(ft ADV "’r-"A THESIS AN EVALUATION OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK MODELING FOR MANPOWER...AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED September, 1993 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE An Evaluation Of Artificial Neural Network 5...unlimited. An Evaluation of Artificial Neural Network Modeling for Manpower Analysis by Brian J. Byrne Captain, United States Marine Corps B.S

Tracking historical increases in nitrogen-driven crop production possibilities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mueller, N. D.; Lassaletta, L.; Billen, G.; Garnier, J.; Gerber, J. S.

2015-12-01

The environmental costs of nitrogen use have prompted a focus on improving the efficiency of nitrogen use in the global food system, the primary source of nitrogen pollution. Typical approaches to improving agricultural nitrogen use efficiency include more targeted field-level use (timing, placement, and rate) and modification of the crop mix. However, global efficiency gains can also be achieved by improving the spatial allocation of nitrogen between regions or countries, due to consistent diminishing returns at high nitrogen use. This concept is examined by constructing a tradeoff frontier (or production possibilities frontier) describing global crop protein yield as a function of applied nitrogen from all sources, given optimal spatial allocation. Yearly variation in country-level input-output nitrogen budgets are utilized to parameterize country-specific hyperbolic yield-response models. Response functions are further characterized for three ~15-year eras beginning in 1961, and series of calculations uses these curves to simulate optimal spatial allocation in each era and determine the frontier. The analyses reveal that excess nitrogen (in recent years) could be reduced by ~40% given optimal spatial allocation. Over time, we find that gains in yield potential and in-country nitrogen use efficiency have led to increases in the global nitrogen production possibilities frontier. However, this promising shift has been accompanied by an actual spatial distribution of nitrogen use that has become less optimal, in an absolute sense, relative to the frontier. We conclude that examination of global production possibilities is a promising approach to understanding production constraints and efficiency opportunities in the global food system.

Research on strategy and optimization method of PRT empty vehicles resource allocation based on traffic demand forecast

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiang, Yu; Tao, Cheng

2018-05-01

During the operation of the personal rapid transit system(PRT), the empty vehicle resources is distributed unevenly because of different passenger demand. In order to maintain the balance between supply and demand, and to meet the passenger needs of the ride, PRT empty vehicle resource allocation model is constructed based on the future demand forecasted by historical demand in this paper. The improved genetic algorithm is implied in distribution of the empty vehicle which can reduce the customers waiting time and improve the operation efficiency of the PRT system so that all passengers can take the PRT vehicles in the shortest time. The experimental result shows that the improved genetic algorithm can allocate the empty vehicle from the system level optimally, and realize the distribution of the empty vehicle resources reasonably in the system.

Optimizing congestion and emissions via tradable credit charge and reward scheme without initial credit allocations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Wenlong; Ma, Shoufeng; Tian, Junfang

2017-01-01

This paper investigates the revenue-neutral tradable credit charge and reward scheme without initial credit allocations that can reassign network traffic flow patterns to optimize congestion and emissions. First, we prove the existence of the proposed schemes and further decentralize the minimum emission flow pattern to user equilibrium. Moreover, we design the solving method of the proposed credit scheme for minimum emission problem. Second, we investigate the revenue-neutral tradable credit charge and reward scheme without initial credit allocations for bi-objectives to obtain the Pareto system optimum flow patterns of congestion and emissions; and present the corresponding solutions are located in the polyhedron constituted by some inequalities and equalities system. Last, numerical example based on a simple traffic network is adopted to obtain the proposed credit schemes and verify they are revenue-neutral.

Dental manpower planning in India: current scenario and future projections for the year 2020.

PubMed

Vundavalli, Sudhakar

2014-04-01

Dental manpower issues in India are discussed in this article which consists of both qualitative and quantitative research. The output of qualified dentists has increased substantially over last decade and at present there are over 117,825 dentists working in India. Although India has a dentist to population ratio of 1:10,271, the newly graduating dentists find it difficult to survive in the private sector. At present less than approximately 5% graduated dentists are working in the Government sector. If the present situation continues there will be more than one lakh dentists over supply by the year 2020. Continuation of the current situation will lead to wastage of highly trained dental manpower and create a threat to the professional integrity of the dentists. This research highlights the fact that there is an urgent need for an organised national human resource planning system to control the supply and demand of dental manpower, to ensure a uniform distribution of manpower and to give future directions to policy makers. © 2013 FDI World Dental Federation.

Developing Subdomain Allocation Algorithms Based on Spatial and Communicational Constraints to Accelerate Dust Storm Simulation

PubMed Central

Gui, Zhipeng; Yu, Manzhu; Yang, Chaowei; Jiang, Yunfeng; Chen, Songqing; Xia, Jizhe; Huang, Qunying; Liu, Kai; Li, Zhenlong; Hassan, Mohammed Anowarul; Jin, Baoxuan

2016-01-01

Dust storm has serious disastrous impacts on environment, human health, and assets. The developments and applications of dust storm models have contributed significantly to better understand and predict the distribution, intensity and structure of dust storms. However, dust storm simulation is a data and computing intensive process. To improve the computing performance, high performance computing has been widely adopted by dividing the entire study area into multiple subdomains and allocating each subdomain on different computing nodes in a parallel fashion. Inappropriate allocation may introduce imbalanced task loads and unnecessary communications among computing nodes. Therefore, allocation is a key factor that may impact the efficiency of parallel process. An allocation algorithm is expected to consider the computing cost and communication cost for each computing node to minimize total execution time and reduce overall communication cost for the entire simulation. This research introduces three algorithms to optimize the allocation by considering the spatial and communicational constraints: 1) an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) based algorithm from combinational optimization perspective; 2) a K-Means and Kernighan-Lin combined heuristic algorithm (K&K) integrating geometric and coordinate-free methods by merging local and global partitioning; 3) an automatic seeded region growing based geometric and local partitioning algorithm (ASRG). The performance and effectiveness of the three algorithms are compared based on different factors. Further, we adopt the K&K algorithm as the demonstrated algorithm for the experiment of dust model simulation with the non-hydrostatic mesoscale model (NMM-dust) and compared the performance with the MPI default sequential allocation. The results demonstrate that K&K method significantly improves the simulation performance with better subdomain allocation. This method can also be adopted for other relevant atmospheric and numerical modeling. PMID:27044039

Optimal assignment of workers to supporting services in a hospital

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sawik, Bartosz; Mikulik, Jerzy

2008-01-01

Supporting services play an important role in health care institutions such as hospitals. This paper presents an application of operations research model for optimal allocation of workers among supporting services in a public hospital. The services include logistics, inventory management, financial management, operations management, medical analysis, etc. The optimality criterion of the problem is to minimize operations costs of supporting services subject to some specific constraints. The constraints represent specific conditions for resource allocation in a hospital. The overall problem is formulated as an integer program in the literature known as the assignment problem, where the decision variables represent the assignment of people to various jobs. The results of some computational experiments modeled on a real data from a selected Polish hospital are reported.