24. Photographic copy of blueprints and plans (from the originals ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

24. Photographic copy of blueprints and plans (from the originals in possession of Detroit District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Duluth, Minnesota). North pier of Duluth Canal, 1899, present and proposed piers - Duluth Ship Canal, North Pier, North end of Minnesota Point at Canal Park, Duluth, St. Louis County, MN

22. Photographic copy of blueprints and plans (from the originals ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

22. Photographic copy of blueprints and plans (from the originals in possession of Detroit District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Duluth, Minnesota). North pier of Duluth Canal, 1899, timber molds for concrete superstructure - Duluth Ship Canal, North Pier, North end of Minnesota Point at Canal Park, Duluth, St. Louis County, MN

19. Photographic copy of blueprints and plans (from the originals ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

19. Photographic copy of blueprints and plans (from the originals in possession of Detroit District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Duluth, Minnesota). North pier of Duluth Canal, 1899, north pierhead crib - Duluth Ship Canal, North Pier, North end of Minnesota Point at Canal Park, Duluth, St. Louis County, MN

Photocopy of drawing (original blueprint of Special Type Service Station ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photocopy of drawing (original blueprint of Special Type Service Station in possession of MacDill Air Force Base, Civil Engineering, Tampa, Florida; 1941 architectural drawings by Standard Oil Company Engineering Department of Louisville, KY) ELEVATIONS & SECTION - MacDill Air Force Base, Service Station, 7303 Hanger Loop Drive, Tampa, Hillsborough County, FL

Photocopy of drawing (original blueprint of Special Type Service Station ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photocopy of drawing (original blueprint of Special Type Service Station in possession of MacDill Air Force Base, Civil Engineering, Tampa, Florida; 1941 architectural drawings by Standard Oil Company Engineering Department of Louisville, KY) PLAN - MacDill Air Force Base, Service Station, 7303 Hanger Loop Drive, Tampa, Hillsborough County, FL

Photocopy of drawing (original blueprint of Special Type Service Station ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photocopy of drawing (original blueprint of Special Type Service Station in possession of MacDill Air Force Base, Civil Engineering, Tampa, Florida; 1941 architectural drawings by Standard Oil Company Engineering Department of Louisville, KY) SITE PLAN - MacDill Air Force Base, Service Station, 7303 Hanger Loop Drive, Tampa, Hillsborough County, FL

7. Photographic copy of blueprint dated 1929; Henschien & McLaren, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. Photographic copy of blueprint dated 1929; Henschien & McLaren, Chicago, architects; Original in collection of Rath drawings and blueprints owned by Waterloo Community Development Board, Waterloo, Iowa; SECTION OF THE 1929 BEEF HOUSE, SHOWING HOISTING APPARATUS ABOVE SKINNING BEDS - Rath Packing Company, Cooler Building-1929 Beef House, Sycamore Street between Elm & Eighteenth Streets, Waterloo, Black Hawk County, IA

9. Photographic copy of blueprint dated 1931; H.P. Henschien, Chicago, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. Photographic copy of blueprint dated 1931; H.P. Henschien, Chicago, architect; Original in collection of Rath drawings and blueprints owned by Waterloo Community Development Board, Waterloom, Iowa; PLAN OF HOG DRESSING FLOOR ON 4TH LEVEL OF BUILDING 92; SHOWS LAYOUT OF DRESSING EQUIPMENT - Rath Packing Company, Hog Dressing Building, Sycamore Street between Elm & Eighteenth Streets, Waterloo, Black Hawk County, IA

6. Photographic copy of blueprint dated 1929; Henschien & McLaren, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. Photographic copy of blueprint dated 1929; Henschien & McLaren, Chicago, architects; Original in collection of Rath drawings and blueprints owned by Waterloo Community Development Board, Waterloo, Iowa; PLAN OF KILLING FLOOR IN 1929 BEEF HOUSE; CATTLE WERE SKINNED ON THE FLOOR IN PRITCHING AREA NEAR CENTER OF DRAWING - Rath Packing Company, Cooler Building-1929 Beef House, Sycamore Street between Elm & Eighteenth Streets, Waterloo, Black Hawk County, IA

30. Photocopy of blueprint. PLAN, ELEVATION, END SECTION, DETAIL OF ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

30. Photocopy of blueprint. PLAN, ELEVATION, END SECTION, DETAIL OF DECK SYSTEM AND LOAD COMPUTATION. Preparer unknown, date unknown, but probably ca. 1932. (Original in possession of the Washington County Highway Department.) - Hegeman-Hill Street Bridge, Spanning Batten Kill, .65 mile West of Greenwich, Easton, Washington County, NY

Origins of Inner Solar Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dawson, Rebekah Ilene

2017-06-01

Over the past couple decades, thousands of extra-solar planetshave been discovered orbiting other stars. The exoplanets discovered to date exhibit a wide variety of orbital and compositional properties; most are dramatically different from the planets in our own Solar System. Our classical theories for the origins of planetary systems were crafted to account for the Solar System and fail to account for the diversity of planets now known. We are working to establish a new blueprint for the origin of planetary systems and identify the key parameters of planet formation and evolution that establish the distribution of planetary properties observed today. The new blueprint must account for the properties of planets in inner solar systems, regions of planetary systems closer to their star than Earth’s separation from the Sun and home to most exoplanets detected to data. I present work combining simulations and theory with data analysis and statistics of observed planets to test theories of the origins of inner solars, including hot Jupiters, warm Jupiters, and tightly-packed systems of super-Earths. Ultimately a comprehensive blueprint for planetary systems will allow us to better situate discovered planets in the context of their system’s formation and evolution, important factors in whether the planets may harbor life.

Undergraduate Neuroscience Education: Blueprints for the 21st Century

PubMed Central

Wiertelak, Eric P.; Ramirez, Julio J.

2008-01-01

Paralleling the explosive growth of neuroscientific knowledge over the last two decades, numerous institutions from liberal arts colleges to research universities have either implemented or begun exploring the possibility of implementing undergraduate programs in neuroscience. In 1995, Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience (FUN) partnered with Project Kaleidoscope (PKAL) to offer a workshop exploring how undergraduate neuroscience education should proceed. Four blueprints were created to provide direction to the burgeoning interest in developing programs in undergraduate neuroscience education: 1) Neuroscience nested in psychology; 2) Neuroscience nested in biology; 3) Neuroscience as a minor; and 4) Neuroscience as a major. In 2005, FUN again partnered with PKAL to revisit the blueprints in order to align the blueprints with modern pedagogical philosophy and technology. The original four blueprints were modified and updated. One particularly exciting outgrowth of the 2005 workshop was the introduction of a fifth curricular blueprint that strongly emphasizes the integration of the humanities and social sciences into neuroscience: Neuroscience Studies. Because of the interdisciplinary nature of neuroscience, an education in neuroscience will prepare the next generation of students to think critically, synthetically, and creatively as they confront the problems facing humanity in the 21st century. PMID:23493318

7. VARIABLEANGLE LAUNCHER DEDICATION PLAQUE SHOWING JAMES H. JENNISON (LEFT), ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. VARIABLE-ANGLE LAUNCHER DEDICATION PLAQUE SHOWING JAMES H. JENNISON (LEFT), AND W.H. SAYLOR (RIGHT), AT THE DEDICATION CEREMONY, May 7, 1948. (Original photograph in possession of Dave Willis, San Diego, California.) - Variable Angle Launcher Complex, CA State Highway 39 at Morris Reservior, Azusa, Los Angeles County, CA

54. VAL COUNTERWEIGHT CAR DURING CONSTRUCTION SHOWING CAR FRAME, WHEEL ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

54. VAL COUNTERWEIGHT CAR DURING CONSTRUCTION SHOWING CAR FRAME, WHEEL ASSEMBLIES AND METAL REINFORCING, December 19, 1947. (Original photograph in possession of Dave Willis, San Diego, California.) - Variable Angle Launcher Complex, Variable Angle Launcher, CA State Highway 39 at Morris Reservior, Azusa, Los Angeles County, CA

75. FIRST TEST SHOT OF THE VAL AT THE DEDICATION ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

75. FIRST TEST SHOT OF THE VAL AT THE DEDICATION CEREMONIES AS SEEN FROM A FIXED CAMERA STATION, May 7, 1948. (Original photograph in possession of Dave Willis, San Diego, California.) - Variable Angle Launcher Complex, Variable Angle Launcher, CA State Highway 39 at Morris Reservior, Azusa, Los Angeles County, CA

83. DETAIL OF THE MUZZLE END OF THE LAUNCHER BRIDGE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

83. DETAIL OF THE MUZZLE END OF THE LAUNCHER BRIDGE ON TEMPORARY SUPPORTS LOOKING NORTHEAST SHOWING TWO LAUNCHING TUBES, Date unknown, circa 1950'S. (Original photograph in possession of Dave Willis, San Diego, California.) - Variable Angle Launcher Complex, Variable Angle Launcher, CA State Highway 39 at Morris Reservior, Azusa, Los Angeles County, CA

82. DETAIL OF THE MUZZLE END OF THE LAUNCHER BRIDGE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

82. DETAIL OF THE MUZZLE END OF THE LAUNCHER BRIDGE LOOKING NORTH SHOWING THE CONNECTING BRIDGE AND TWO LAUNCHING TUBES, Date unknown, circa 1952. (Original photograph in possession of Dave Willis, San Diego, California.) - Variable Angle Launcher Complex, Variable Angle Launcher, CA State Highway 39 at Morris Reservior, Azusa, Los Angeles County, CA

81. VIEW OF VAL LOOKING NORTH AS SEEN FROM THE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

81. VIEW OF VAL LOOKING NORTH AS SEEN FROM THE RESERVOIR SHOWING TWO LAUNCHING TUBES ON THE LAUNCHER BRIDGE, Date unknown, circa 1952. (Original photograph in possession of Dave Willis, San Diego, California.) - Variable Angle Launcher Complex, Variable Angle Launcher, CA State Highway 39 at Morris Reservior, Azusa, Los Angeles County, CA

63. VIEW LOOKING DOWN VAL LAUNCHING SLAB SHOWING DRIVE GEARS, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

63. VIEW LOOKING DOWN VAL LAUNCHING SLAB SHOWING DRIVE GEARS, CABLES, LAUNCHER RAILS, PROJECTILE CAR AND SUPPORT CARRIAGE, April 8, 1948. (Original photograph in possession of Dave Willis, San Diego, California.) - Variable Angle Launcher Complex, Variable Angle Launcher, CA State Highway 39 at Morris Reservior, Azusa, Los Angeles County, CA

57. INTERIOR VIEW OF VAL BRIDGE STRUCTURE SHOWING LAUNCHING TUBE, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

57. INTERIOR VIEW OF VAL BRIDGE STRUCTURE SHOWING LAUNCHING TUBE, STAIRS AND PORTION OF LAUNCHING DECK. NOTE SUPPORT CARRIAGE ASSEMBLY IN DISTANCE. Date unknown, circa March 1948. (Original photograph in possession of Dave Willis, San Diego, California.) - Variable Angle Launcher Complex, Variable Angle Launcher, CA State Highway 39 at Morris Reservior, Azusa, Los Angeles County, CA

78. PHOTO OF A PROJECTILE FIRING USING A SABOT TAKEN ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

78. PHOTO OF A PROJECTILE FIRING USING A SABOT TAKEN WITH A 70 MM MITCHEL MOTION PICTURE CAMERA, Date unknown, circa 1950. (Original photograph in possession of Dave Willis, San Diego, California.) Photograph represents central frame of negative. - Variable Angle Launcher Complex, Variable Angle Launcher, CA State Highway 39 at Morris Reservior, Azusa, Los Angeles County, CA

Vestibular blueprint in early vertebrates.

PubMed

Straka, Hans; Baker, Robert

2013-11-19

Central vestibular neurons form identifiable subgroups within the boundaries of classically outlined octavolateral nuclei in primitive vertebrates that are distinct from those processing lateral line, electrosensory, and auditory signals. Each vestibular subgroup exhibits a particular morpho-physiological property that receives origin-specific sensory inputs from semicircular canal and otolith organs. Behaviorally characterized phenotypes send discrete axonal projections to extraocular, spinal, and cerebellar targets including other ipsi- and contralateral vestibular nuclei. The anatomical locations of vestibuloocular and vestibulospinal neurons correlate with genetically defined hindbrain compartments that are well conserved throughout vertebrate evolution though some variability exists in fossil and extant vertebrate species. The different vestibular subgroups exhibit a robust sensorimotor signal processing complemented with a high degree of vestibular and visual adaptive plasticity.

14. Photographic copy of the original construction plans, dated July ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

14. Photographic copy of the original construction plans, dated July 20, 1923, from the blueprints in possession of DuPage County, Division of Transportation, Wheaton, Illinois. HALF LONGITUDINAL SECTION (sheet 2 of 3). - Fullersburg Bridge, Spanning Salt Creek at York Road, Oak Brook, Du Page County, IL

SU-E-T-230: Creating a Large Number of Focused Beams with Variable Patient Head Tilt to Improve Dose Fall-Off for Brain Radiosurgery

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chiu, J; Ma, L

2015-06-15

Purpose: To develop a treatment delivery and planning strategy by increasing the number of beams to minimize dose to brain tissue surrounding a target, while maximizing dose coverage to the target. Methods: We analyzed 14 different treatment plans via Leksell PFX and 4C. For standardization, single tumor cases were chosen. Original treatment plans were compared with two optimized plans. The number of beams was increased in treatment plans by varying tilt angles of the patient head, while maintaining original isocenter and the beam positions in the x-, y- and z-axes, collimator size, and beam blocking. PFX optimized plans increased beammore » numbers with three pre-set tilt angles, 70, 90, 110, and 4C optimized plans increased beam numbers with tilt angles increasing arbitrarily from range of 30 to 150 degrees. Optimized treatment plans were compared dosimetrically with original treatment plans. Results: Comparing total normal tissue isodose volumes between original and optimized plans, the low-level percentage isodose volumes decreased in all plans. Despite the addition of multiple beams up to a factor of 25, beam-on times for 1 tilt angle versus 3 or more tilt angles were comparable (<1 min.). In 64% (9/14) of the studied cases, the volume percentage decrease by >5%, with the highest value reaching 19%. The addition of more tilt angles correlates to a greater decrease in normal brain irradiated volume. Selectivity and coverage for original and optimized plans remained comparable. Conclusion: Adding large number of additional focused beams with variable patient head tilt shows improvement for dose fall-off for brain radiosurgery. The study demonstrates technical feasibility of adding beams to decrease target volume.« less

15. Photographic copy of the original construction plans, dated July ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

15. Photographic copy of the original construction plans, dated July 20, 1923, from the blueprints in possession of DuPage County, Division of Transportation, Wheaton, Illinois. FRONT ELEVATION SHOWING OUTLINES AND REINFORCEMENT (sheet 3 of 3) - Fullersburg Bridge, Spanning Salt Creek at York Road, Oak Brook, Du Page County, IL

13. Photographic copy of the original construction plans, dated July ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. Photographic copy of the original construction plans, dated July 20, 1923, from the blueprints in possession of DuPage County, Division of Transportation, Wheaton, Illinois. GENERAL ELEVATION AND HALF ELEVATION OF PIER (sheet 1 of 3). - Fullersburg Bridge, Spanning Salt Creek at York Road, Oak Brook, Du Page County, IL

Building Blueprints: Making Music.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

College Planning & Management, 2002

2002-01-01

Depicts how Cornell University renovated its civil engineering and architecture building to include space for musical performances, teaching, and rehearsals. The article highlights the facility's contemporary design, which also compliments the form and massing of the original building. (GR)

Carpentry: Blueprint Interpretation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nikol, Vojkan; Poniatowski, Stephen J.

Designed to supplement any standard textbook in the first-year level of related drafting instruction for carpentry, this manual contains original illustrations on graphic representation, pictorial representation, working drawings, and structured building details (exterior and interior). It consists of five units with separate lessons for each: (1)…

Adapting the emergency first aid responder course for Zambia through curriculum mapping and blueprinting.

PubMed

Pigoga, Jennifer L; Cunningham, Charmaine; Kafwamfwa, Muhumpu; Wallis, Lee A

2017-12-10

Community members are often the first to witness and respond to medical and traumatic emergencies, making them an essential first link to emergency care systems. The Emergency First Aid Responder (EFAR) programme is short course originally developed to help South Africans manage emergencies at the community level, pending arrival of formal care providers. EFAR was implemented in two rural regions of Zambia in 2015, but no changes were originally made to tailor the course to the new setting. We undertook this study to identify potential refinements in the original EFAR curriculum, and to adapt it to the local context in Zambia. The EFAR curriculum was mapped against available chief complaint data. An expert group used information from the map, in tandem with personal knowledge, to rank each course topic for potential impact on patient outcomes and frequency of use in practice. Individual blueprints were compiled to generate a refined EFAR curriculum, the time breakdown of which reflects the relative weight of each topic. This study was conducted based on data collected in Kasama, a rural region of Zambia's Northern Province. An expert group of five physicians practising emergency medicine was selected; all reviewers have expertise in the Zambian context, EFAR programme and/or curriculum development. The range of emergencies that Zambian EFARs encounter indicates that the course must be broad in scope. The refined curriculum covers 54 topics (seven new) and 25 practical skills (five new). Practical and didactic time devoted to general patient care and scene management increased significantly, while time devoted to most other clinical, presentation-based categories (eg, trauma care) decreased. Discrepancies between original and refined curricula highlight a mismatch between the external curriculum and local context. Even with limited data and resources, curriculum mapping and blueprinting are possible means of resolving these contextual issues. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

11. Historic American Buildings Survey Mr. Walker, Draftsman of Hebbard ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

11. Historic American Buildings Survey Mr. Walker, Draftsman of Hebbard and Gill, Architects October 28, 1904 BLUEPRINT OF ORIGINAL DRAWING OF NORTH ELEVATION From the Collection of the San Diego Historical Society - George W. Marston House, 3525 Seventh Avenue, San Diego, San Diego County, CA

Blueprint for Integration of Academic and Vocational Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clark, Gail

This guide to integrating academic and vocational education is the result of extensive research and experimentation at four pilot sites throughout Texas. The introductory section outlines the project philosophy and activities and describes the pilot sites. Examined in a background section are the origin and nature of integration, important…

A Simple Blueprint for Automatic Boolean Query Processing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Salton, G.

1988-01-01

Describes a new Boolean retrieval environment in which an extended soft Boolean logic is used to automatically construct queries from original natural language formulations provided by users. Experimental results that compare the retrieval effectiveness of this method to conventional Boolean and vector processing are discussed. (27 references)…

9. Historic American Buildings Survey Mr. Walker, Draftsman of Hebbard ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. Historic American Buildings Survey Mr. Walker, Draftsman of Hebbard and Gill, Architects September 21, 1904 (Revised October 21, 1904) BLUEPRINT OF ORIGINAL DRAWING OF SOUTH ELEVATION From the Collection of the San Diego Historical Society - George W. Marston House, 3525 Seventh Avenue, San Diego, San Diego County, CA

12. Historic American Buildings Survey Mr. Walker, Draftsman of Hebbard ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. Historic American Buildings Survey Mr. Walker, Draftsman of Hebbard and Gill, Architects September 23, 1904 (Revised October 28, 1904) BLUEPRINT OF ORIGINAL DRAWING OF EAST ELEVATION From the Collection of the San Diego Historical Society - George W. Marston House, 3525 Seventh Avenue, San Diego, San Diego County, CA

10. Historic American Buildings Survey Mr. Walker, Draftsman of Hebbard ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. Historic American Buildings Survey Mr. Walker, Draftsman of Hebbard and Gill, Architects September 21, 1904 (Revised October 28, 1904) BLUEPRINT OF ORIGINAL DRAWING OF WEST ELEVATION From the Collection of the San Diego Historical Society - George W. Marston House, 3525 Seventh Avenue, San Diego, San Diego County, CA

13. Historic American Buildings Survey Mr. Hopkins, Draftsman of Hebbard ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. Historic American Buildings Survey Mr. Hopkins, Draftsman of Hebbard and Gill, Architects October 21, 1904 BLUEPRINT OF ORIGINAL DRAWING OF FIRST FLOOR PLAN From the Collection of the San Diego Historical Society - George W. Marston House, 3525 Seventh Avenue, San Diego, San Diego County, CA

14. Historic American Buildings Survey Mr. Hopkins, Draftsman of Hebbard ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

14. Historic American Buildings Survey Mr. Hopkins, Draftsman of Hebbard and Gill, Architects October 22, 1904 BLUEPRINT OF ORIGINAL DRAWING OF SECOND FLOOR PLAN From the Collection of the San Diego Historical Society - George W. Marston House, 3525 Seventh Avenue, San Diego, San Diego County, CA

The influence of objectives, learning experiences and examination blueprint on medical students' examination preparation

PubMed Central

McLaughlin, K; Coderre, S; Woloschuk, W; Lim, T; Muruve, D; Mandin, H

2005-01-01

Background The influence of intended and informal curricula on examination preparation has not been extensively studied. This study aims to firstly describe how students utilized components of intended and informal curricula to guide examination preparation, and secondly to study the relationship between examination preparation and performance. Methods Students received a pre-examination questionnaire to identify components from the intended curriculum (objectives and examination blueprint), and informal curriculum (content emphasised during lectures and small groups), used during examination preparation. Multiple logistic regression was used to study the relationship between these variables and student performance (above versus at or below average). Results Eighty-one students participated. There was no difference in the proportions using the examination blueprint, content emphasised during lectures, and content emphasised during small groups (87 – 93%) but fewer students used objectives (35%, p < 0.001). Objectives use was associated with reduced odds of above average examination performance (adjusted odds ratio 0.27 [0.07, 0.97], p = 0.04). Conclusion When preparing for the renal course examination, students were influenced at least as much by the informal as the intended curriculum. Of the two intended curriculum components, the examination blueprint appeared to be more widely used than the course objectives. This decreased use of objectives on examination preparation did not appear to have a detrimental effect on student performance. PMID:16359554

DIG Texas Blueprints - Pathways for Teaching a Rigorous Earth Science Course

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ellins, K. K.; Riggs, E. M.; Serpa, L. F.; Pennington, D. D.; Fox, S.; Larsen, K.; Ledley, T. S.; Stocks, E.; Mosher, S.; Miller, K. C.

2013-12-01

The DIG (Diversity and Innovation for Geosciences) Texas Instructional Blueprint project supports the development of five online instructional blueprints that document what to teach in a yearlong high school-level Earth science course. Each blueprint stitches together units that contain approximately 10 well-vetted, curated educational resources and learning activities. Units may focus on specific geoscience content, place-based concerns, features or ideas, or other specific conceptual threads. Five regional teams composed of Earth scientists, pedagogy specialists, and practicing science teachers are creating the blueprints. The cross-disciplinary collaboration among blueprint team members provides opportunities for them to develop knowledge in new areas and to share their own discipline-based knowledge and perspectives. Team members also learn where to find and how to evaluate high quality geoscience educational resources, using a web-based resource review tool. Blueprint development is guided by the Next Generation Science Standards and selected educational resources are aligned with the Texas state standards (Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills) for Earth and Space Science and the Earth Science Literacy Principles. The Science Education Resource Center (SERC) serves as the repository for the DIG Texas blueprint web pages. The Cyber-ShARE Center of Excellence at UTEP and SERC are engaged in the development of automated tools to allow educators to compile resources into customized instructional blueprints by reshuffling units within an existing blueprint, by mixing and matching units from other blueprints, or creating new units and blueprints. These innovations are intended to provide access to the blueprints in such a way that enhances their use by secondary Earth science educators. In this presentation, we provide an overview of the project, showcase examples of the blueprints, report on the preliminary results of classroom implementation, and consider challenges encountered in developing and testing the blueprints. Sponsored by NSF, the DIG Texas Instructional Blueprint project is a collaborative effort that draws on the resources of three major research universities, The University of Texas at Austin, The University of Texas at El Paso, and Texas A&M University, all of which are members of the DIG Texas alliance.

Diversity and Innovation for Geosciences (dig) Texas Earth and Space Science Instructional Blueprints

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ellins, K. K.; Bohls-Graham, E.; Riggs, E. M.; Serpa, L. F.; Jacobs, B. E.; Martinez, A. O.; Fox, S.; Kent, M.; Stocks, E.; Pennington, D. D.

2014-12-01

The NSF-sponsored DIG Texas Instructional Blueprint project supports the development of online instructional blueprints for a yearlong high school-level Earth science course. Each blueprint stitches together three-week units that contain curated educational resources aligned with the Texas state standards for Earth and Space Science and the Earth Science Literacy Principles. Units focus on specific geoscience content, place-based concerns, features or ideas, or other specific conceptual threads. Five regional teams composed of geoscientists, pedagogy specialists, and practicing science teachers chose unit themes and resources for twenty-two units during three workshops. In summer 2014 three Education Interns (Earth science teachers) spent six weeks refining the content of the units and aligning them with the Next Generation Science Standards. They also assembled units into example blueprints. The cross-disciplinary collaboration among blueprint team members allowed them to develop knowledge in new areas and to share their own discipline-based knowledge and perspectives. Team members and Education Interns learned where to find and how to evaluate high quality geoscience educational resources, using a web-based resource review tool developed by the Science Education Resource Center (SERC). SERC is the repository for the DIG Texas blueprint web pages. Work is underway to develop automated tools to allow educators to compile resources into customized instructional blueprints by reshuffling units within an existing blueprint, by mixing units from other blueprints, or creating new units and blueprints. These innovations will enhance the use of the units by secondary Earth science educators beyond Texas. This presentation provides an overview of the project, shows examples of blueprints and units, reports on the preliminary results of classroom implementation by Earth science teachers, and considers challenges encountered in developing and testing the blueprints. The project is a collaboration between The University of Texas at Austin, The University of Texas at El Paso, and Texas A&M University, all of which participate in the DIG Texas alliance. Website:serc.carleton.edu/dig_blueprints/index.html

Whole genomic sequence analysis of Bacillus infantis: defining the genetic blueprint of strain NRRL B-14911, an emerging cardiopathogenic microbe

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Background: We recently reported the identification of Bacillus sp. NRRL B-14911 that induces heart autoimmunity by generating cardiac-reactive T cells through molecular mimicry. This marine bacterium was originally isolated from the Gulf of Mexico, but no associations with human diseases were rep...

New Blueprints for K-12 Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kearns, Larry

2017-01-01

Blended Learning uses school time in a unique way, combining online instruction with traditional methods and giving students more agency over how, when, and where they learn. That third variable, the "where," calls for some serious rethinking of how school space is organized and deployed. Design either supports or frustrates a school's…

9 CFR 108.4 - Preparation of blueprints.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Preparation of blueprints. 108.4 Section 108.4 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... LICENSED ESTABLISHMENTS § 108.4 Preparation of blueprints. (a) Blueprints, drawn to any suitable scale, on...

"Blueprint III:" Is the Third Time the Charm?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kaniuka, Maureen

2009-01-01

The vision of training school psychologists to serve a broad, preventative role has evolved through "Blueprint I," "Blueprint II," and the 2002 Conference on the Future of School Psychology with limited impact on the daily functioning of practitioners. "Blueprint III" is a multidimensional and integrated model for the training of school…

Engaging in the Debate: A Critique of "Blueprint III"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meyers, Joel; Roach, Andrew T.; Meyers, Barbara

2009-01-01

The purpose of this article is to engage in the debate about "Blueprint III" regarding practice and graduate education in school psychology. We use school-based consultation as a lens to uncover meaning and context in the "Blueprint" and give particular attention to the "Blueprint" authors' foregrounding of prevention…

3. Photographic copy of inkcolinen drawing dated 1923; Henschien & ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. Photographic copy of ink-co-linen drawing dated 1923; Henschien & McLaren Architects, Chicago; Original in collection of Rath drawings and blueprints owned by Waterloo Community Development Board, Waterloo, Iowa; GENERAL ARRANGEMENT PLAN OF HOG KILLING DEPARTMENT; NORTH AT TOP OF SHEET - Rath Packing Company, Hog Killing & By-Products Building, Sycamore Street between Elm & Eighteenth Streets, Waterloo, Black Hawk County, IA

4. Photographic copy of inkcolinen drawing dated 1923; Henschien & ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. Photographic copy of ink-co-linen drawing dated 1923; Henschien & McLaren Architects, Chicago; Original in collection of Rath drawings and blueprints owned by Waterloo Community Development Board, Waterloo, Iowa; FOURTH FLOOR PLAN, HOG KILLING DEPARTMENT IN BUILDING 40 - Rath Packing Company, Hog Killing & By-Products Building, Sycamore Street between Elm & Eighteenth Streets, Waterloo, Black Hawk County, IA

5. Photographic copy of inkcolinen drawing dated 1923; Henschien & ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. Photographic copy of ink-co-linen drawing dated 1923; Henschien & McLaren Architects, Chicago; Original in collection of Rath drawings and blueprints owned by Waterloo Community Development Board, Waterloo, Iowa; SECTION, SHOWING LOCATIONS OF KILLING FLOOR AND BY-PRODUCTS DEPARTMENTS - Rath Packing Company, Hog Killing & By-Products Building, Sycamore Street between Elm & Eighteenth Streets, Waterloo, Black Hawk County, IA

1. PLAN OF MOXHAM, JOHNSTOWN, PENNA. ALL REGULAR LOTS 40 ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. PLAN OF MOXHAM, JOHNSTOWN, PENNA. ALL REGULAR LOTS 40 FT BY 120 FT. TRACED FROM DRAWING 10742 (dated February 1, 1892). THE JOHNSON COMPANY, SCALE 1 INCH - 160 FT, SEPT. 19TH 1898. DRAWING NUMBER 29781. Original plan for the Town of Moxham drafted in 1887-88, company archives contain several revised blueprints of the original plan. This revision reflects the subdivision of the Von Lunch Grove into residential lots, but still indicates the 'Moxham Block' on which the original Moxham Estate was built in 1888-89. (Photograph of drawing held at the Johnstown Corporation General Office, Johnstown, PA) - Borough of Moxham, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

Basic Strategies in Blueprint Reading for United Technologies-Automotive.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shuler, Jacqueline

This document contains the instructional materials developed and presented in a 39-hour course for employees of an automotive assembly plant. The course is an introductory look at blueprint reading using blueprints similar to those used at the company. Worksheets and tests relating to the blueprints are included. The course covers an introduction,…

Does Blueprint Publication Affect Students' Perception of Validity of the Evaluation Process?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McLaughlin, Kevin; Coderre, Sylvain; Woloschuk, Wayne; Mandin, Henry

2005-01-01

Context: A major goal of any evaluation is to demonstrate content validity, which considers both curricular content as well as the ability expected of learners. Whether evaluation blueprints should be published and the degree of blueprint transparency is controversial. Objectives: To examine the effect of blueprint publication on students'…

The service blueprint as a tool for designing innovative pharmaceutical services.

PubMed

Holdford, D A; Kennedy, D T

1999-01-01

To describe service blueprints, discuss their need and design, and provide examples of their use in advancing pharmaceutical care. Service blueprints are pictures or maps of service processes that permit the people involved in designing, providing, managing, and using the service to better understand them and deal with them objectively. A service blueprint simultaneously depicts the service process and the roles of consumers, service providers, and supporting services. Service blueprints can be useful in pharmacy because many of the obstacles to pharmaceutical care are a result of insufficient planning by service designers and/or poor communication between those designing services and those implementing them. One consequence of this poor design and communication is that many consumers and third party payers are uninformed about pharmacist roles. Service blueprints can be used by pharmacists to promote the value of pharmaceutical care to consumers and other decision makers. They can also assist in designing better pharmaceutical services. Blueprints are designed by identifying and mapping a process from the consumer's point of view, mapping employee actions and support activities, and adding visible evidence of service at each consumer action step. Key components of service blueprints are consumer actions, "onstage" and "backstage" employee actions, and support processes. Blueprints can help pharmacy managers identify and correct problems with the service process, provide pharmacy employees an opportunity to offer feedback in the planning stages of services, and demonstrate the value of pharmaceutical services to consumers. Service blueprints can be a valuable tool for designing, implementing, and evaluating pharmacy services.

Test blueprints for psychiatry residency in-training written examinations in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

PubMed Central

Gaffas, Eisha M; Sequeira, Reginald P; Namla, Riyadh A Al; Al-Harbi, Khalid S

2012-01-01

Background The postgraduate training program in psychiatry in Saudi Arabia, which was established in 1997, is a 4-year residency program. Written exams comprising of multiple choice questions (MCQs) are used as a summative assessment of residents in order to determine their eligibility for promotion from one year to the next. Test blueprints are not used in preparing examinations. Objective To develop test blueprints for the written examinations used in the psychiatry residency program. Methods Based on the guidelines of four professional bodies, documentary analysis was used to develop global and detailed test blueprints for each year of the residency program. An expert panel participated during piloting and final modification of the test blueprints. Their opinion about the content, weightage for each content domain, and proportion of test items to be sampled in each cognitive category as defined by modified Bloom’s taxonomy were elicited. Results Eight global and detailed test blueprints, two for each year of the psychiatry residency program, were developed. The global test blueprints were reviewed by experts and piloted. Six experts participated in the final modification of test blueprints. Based on expert consensus, the content, total weightage for each content domain, and proportion of test items to be included in each cognitive category were determined for each global test blueprint. Experts also suggested progressively decreasing the weightage for recall test items and increasing problem solving test items in examinations, from year 1 to year 4 of the psychiatry residence program. Conclusion A systematic approach using a documentary and content analysis technique was used to develop test blueprints with additional input from an expert panel as appropriate. Test blueprinting is an important step to ensure the test validity in all residency programs. PMID:23762000

Test blueprints for psychiatry residency in-training written examinations in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

PubMed

Gaffas, Eisha M; Sequeira, Reginald P; Namla, Riyadh A Al; Al-Harbi, Khalid S

2012-01-01

The postgraduate training program in psychiatry in Saudi Arabia, which was established in 1997, is a 4-year residency program. Written exams comprising of multiple choice questions (MCQs) are used as a summative assessment of residents in order to determine their eligibility for promotion from one year to the next. Test blueprints are not used in preparing examinations. To develop test blueprints for the written examinations used in the psychiatry residency program. Based on the guidelines of four professional bodies, documentary analysis was used to develop global and detailed test blueprints for each year of the residency program. An expert panel participated during piloting and final modification of the test blueprints. Their opinion about the content, weightage for each content domain, and proportion of test items to be sampled in each cognitive category as defined by modified Bloom's taxonomy were elicited. Eight global and detailed test blueprints, two for each year of the psychiatry residency program, were developed. The global test blueprints were reviewed by experts and piloted. Six experts participated in the final modification of test blueprints. Based on expert consensus, the content, total weightage for each content domain, and proportion of test items to be included in each cognitive category were determined for each global test blueprint. Experts also suggested progressively decreasing the weightage for recall test items and increasing problem solving test items in examinations, from year 1 to year 4 of the psychiatry residence program. A systematic approach using a documentary and content analysis technique was used to develop test blueprints with additional input from an expert panel as appropriate. Test blueprinting is an important step to ensure the test validity in all residency programs.

Earth System Modeling 2.0: A Blueprint for Models That Learn From Observations and Targeted High-Resolution Simulations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schneider, Tapio; Lan, Shiwei; Stuart, Andrew; Teixeira, João.

2017-12-01

Climate projections continue to be marred by large uncertainties, which originate in processes that need to be parameterized, such as clouds, convection, and ecosystems. But rapid progress is now within reach. New computational tools and methods from data assimilation and machine learning make it possible to integrate global observations and local high-resolution simulations in an Earth system model (ESM) that systematically learns from both and quantifies uncertainties. Here we propose a blueprint for such an ESM. We outline how parameterization schemes can learn from global observations and targeted high-resolution simulations, for example, of clouds and convection, through matching low-order statistics between ESMs, observations, and high-resolution simulations. We illustrate learning algorithms for ESMs with a simple dynamical system that shares characteristics of the climate system; and we discuss the opportunities the proposed framework presents and the challenges that remain to realize it.

Superhuman AI for heads-up no-limit poker: Libratus beats top professionals.

PubMed

Brown, Noam; Sandholm, Tuomas

2018-01-26

No-limit Texas hold'em is the most popular form of poker. Despite artificial intelligence (AI) successes in perfect-information games, the private information and massive game tree have made no-limit poker difficult to tackle. We present Libratus, an AI that, in a 120,000-hand competition, defeated four top human specialist professionals in heads-up no-limit Texas hold'em, the leading benchmark and long-standing challenge problem in imperfect-information game solving. Our game-theoretic approach features application-independent techniques: an algorithm for computing a blueprint for the overall strategy, an algorithm that fleshes out the details of the strategy for subgames that are reached during play, and a self-improver algorithm that fixes potential weaknesses that opponents have identified in the blueprint strategy. Copyright © 2018, The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.

Twelve tips for blueprinting.

PubMed

Coderre, Sylvain; Woloschuk, Wayne; McLaughlin, Kevin

2009-04-01

Content validity is a requirement of every evaluation and is achieved when the evaluation content is congruent with the learning objectives and the learning experiences. Congruence between these three pillars of education can be facilitated by blueprinting. Here we describe an efficient process for creating a blueprint and explain how to use this tool to guide all aspects of course creation and evaluation. A well constructed blueprint is a valuable tool for medical educators. In addition to validating evaluation content, a blueprint can also be used to guide selection of curricular content and learning experiences.

Ten-Year Check-Up: Have Federal Agencies Responded to Civil Rights Recommendations? Volume I: A Blueprint for Civil Rights Enforcement.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rudert, Eileen; Alba, Manuel; Zieseniss, Mireille; Wolf, Michael

During the 1990s, the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights issued reports evaluating the operations of 11 major federal civil-rights enforcement agencies. The reports focused on the enforcement process. From these original reports rose a series of subsequent reports of federal implementation of recommendations for enforcement. This report catalogs and…

9. COMPLETED ROLLING CAMERA CAR ON RAILROAD TRACK AND BRIDGE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. COMPLETED ROLLING CAMERA CAR ON RAILROAD TRACK AND BRIDGE LOOKING WEST, APRIL 26, 1948. (ORIGINAL PHOTOGRAPH IN POSSESSION OF DAVE WILLIS, SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA.) - Variable Angle Launcher Complex, Camera Car & Track, CA State Highway 39 at Morris Reservior, Azusa, Los Angeles County, CA

42 CFR 600.120 - Certification of a BHP Blueprint.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... standards for certification. The Secretary will certify a BHP Blueprint provided it meets all of the...) The BHP Blueprint demonstrates adequate planning for the integration of BHP with other insurance...

Assessing the patient's mammogram experience.

PubMed

Dodendorf, Diane M; Deogun, Gurvinder K; Rodie, Amy Risch; Pol, Louis G

2004-01-01

This study overviews an operational blueprint that diagrams the activities and interactions of all participants in a typical screening mammography appointment in a large medical center. The blueprint is constructed from multiple sources of data collected from mammography patients, service providers in the radiology department, and medical records. The benefits from using patient perspectives, the insights gained from the blueprint development process, and the value of the resulting screening mammography appointment blueprint are included.

E-Enterprise for the Environment Conceptual Blueprint: Principles and Components

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The State-EPA E-Enterprise Working Group commissioned a Conceptual Blueprint document to define the principles and primary components of E-Enterprise. This Blueprint is the first step in defining E-Enterprise.

Potential targets in the search for extraterrestrial life.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Klein, H. P.

1972-01-01

Discussion of the potential for increasing understanding of the origins of terrestrial life by examination of other planets. If living organisms should be found on another planet, they could only have been transported from an inhabited planet or originated independently. The fundamental chemical and structural attributes of terrestrial organisms are so remarkably uniform that any living forms outside the terrestrial blueprint would almost certainly be regarded as alien organisms. It has been shown experimentally by various investigators that life can exist in an extremely wide range of temperatures and pressures. The presence of an atmosphere appears to be necessary.

Dihedral angle principal component analysis of molecular dynamics simulations.

PubMed

Altis, Alexandros; Nguyen, Phuong H; Hegger, Rainer; Stock, Gerhard

2007-06-28

It has recently been suggested by Mu et al. [Proteins 58, 45 (2005)] to use backbone dihedral angles instead of Cartesian coordinates in a principal component analysis of molecular dynamics simulations. Dihedral angles may be advantageous because internal coordinates naturally provide a correct separation of internal and overall motion, which was found to be essential for the construction and interpretation of the free energy landscape of a biomolecule undergoing large structural rearrangements. To account for the circular statistics of angular variables, a transformation from the space of dihedral angles {phi(n)} to the metric coordinate space {x(n)=cos phi(n),y(n)=sin phi(n)} was employed. To study the validity and the applicability of the approach, in this work the theoretical foundations underlying the dihedral angle principal component analysis (dPCA) are discussed. It is shown that the dPCA amounts to a one-to-one representation of the original angle distribution and that its principal components can readily be characterized by the corresponding conformational changes of the peptide. Furthermore, a complex version of the dPCA is introduced, in which N angular variables naturally lead to N eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Applying the methodology to the construction of the free energy landscape of decaalanine from a 300 ns molecular dynamics simulation, a critical comparison of the various methods is given.

Dihedral angle principal component analysis of molecular dynamics simulations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Altis, Alexandros; Nguyen, Phuong H.; Hegger, Rainer; Stock, Gerhard

2007-06-01

It has recently been suggested by Mu et al. [Proteins 58, 45 (2005)] to use backbone dihedral angles instead of Cartesian coordinates in a principal component analysis of molecular dynamics simulations. Dihedral angles may be advantageous because internal coordinates naturally provide a correct separation of internal and overall motion, which was found to be essential for the construction and interpretation of the free energy landscape of a biomolecule undergoing large structural rearrangements. To account for the circular statistics of angular variables, a transformation from the space of dihedral angles {φn} to the metric coordinate space {xn=cosφn,yn=sinφn} was employed. To study the validity and the applicability of the approach, in this work the theoretical foundations underlying the dihedral angle principal component analysis (dPCA) are discussed. It is shown that the dPCA amounts to a one-to-one representation of the original angle distribution and that its principal components can readily be characterized by the corresponding conformational changes of the peptide. Furthermore, a complex version of the dPCA is introduced, in which N angular variables naturally lead to N eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Applying the methodology to the construction of the free energy landscape of decaalanine from a 300ns molecular dynamics simulation, a critical comparison of the various methods is given.

Determination of bulk diffusion lengths for angle-lapped semiconductor material via the scanning electron microscope: A theoretical analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vonroos, O.

1978-01-01

A standard procedure for the determination of the minority carrier diffusion length by means of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) consists in scanning across an angle-lapped surface of a P-N junction and measuring the resultant short circuit current I sub sc as a function of beam position. A detailed analysis of the I sub sc originating from this configuration is presented. It is found that, for a point source excitation, the I sub sc depends very simply on x, the variable distance between the surface and the junction edge. The expression for the I sub sc of a planar junction device is well known. If d, the constant distance between the plane of the surface of the semiconductor and the junction edge in the expression for the I of a planar junction is merely replaced by x, the variable distance of the corresponding angle-lapped junction, an expression results which is correct to within a small fraction of a percent as long as the angle between the surfaces, 2 theta sub 1, is smaller than 10 deg.

26. Photographic copy of plant engineer's handdrawn buildings function chart, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

26. Photographic copy of plant engineer's hand-drawn buildings function chart, dated 1967; Ink and pencil on tracing paper; Attributed to GWN, Original in collection of Rath drawings and blueprints owned by Waterloo Community Development Board, Waterloo, Iowa; SHEET THREE; OUTLINES ACTIVITIES TAKING PLANE ON EACH FLOOR OF MAJOR BUILDINGS IN THE RATH COMPLEX - Rath Packing Company, Sycamore Street between Elm & Eighteenth Streets, Waterloo, Black Hawk County, IA

24. Photographic copy of plant engineer's handdrawn buildings function chart, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

24. Photographic copy of plant engineer's hand-drawn buildings function chart, dated 1967; Ink and pencil on tracing paper; Attributed to GWN, Original in collection of Rath drawings and blueprints owned by Waterloo Community Development Board, Waterloo, Iowa; SHEET ONE; OUTLINES ACTIVITIES TAKING PLANE ON EACH FLOOR OF MAJOR BUILDINGS IN THE RATH COMPLEX - Rath Packing Company, Sycamore Street between Elm & Eighteenth Streets, Waterloo, Black Hawk County, IA

25. Photographic copy of plant engineer's handdrawn buildings function chart, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

25. Photographic copy of plant engineer's hand-drawn buildings function chart, dated 1967; Ink and pencil on tracing paper; Attributed to GWN, Original in collection of Rath drawings and blueprints owned by Waterloo Community Development Board, Waterloo, Iowa; SHEET TWO; OUTLINES ACTIVITIES TAKING PLANE ON EACH FLOOR OF MAJOR BUILDINGS IN THE RATH COMPLEX - Rath Packing Company, Sycamore Street between Elm & Eighteenth Streets, Waterloo, Black Hawk County, IA

Blueprints.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mason, Linda

1979-01-01

The author presents a unique and innovative art project involving blueprinting, a process in which specially treated paper (Blueline-Blueprint) is exposed to ultraviolet rays. When washed in ammonia, any unexposed designs on the paper turn color, creating a clear, blue and white picture. (Author/SJL)

Bone indicators of grasping hands in lizards

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

Grasping is one of a few adaptive mechanisms that, in conjunction with clinging, hooking, arm swinging, adhering, and flying, allowed for incursion into the arboreal eco-space. Little research has been done that addresses grasping as an enhanced manual ability in non-mammalian tetrapods, with the exception of studies comparing the anatomy of muscle and tendon structure. Previous studies showed that grasping abilities allow exploitation for narrow branch habitats and that this adaptation has clear osteological consequences. The objective of this work is to ascertain the existence of morphometric descriptors in the hand skeleton of lizards related to grasping functionality. A morphological matrix was constructed using 51 morphometric variables in 278 specimens, from 24 genera and 13 families of Squamata. To reduce the dimensions of the dataset and to organize the original variables into a simpler system, three PCAs (Principal Component Analyses) were performed using the subsets of (1) carpal variables, (2) metacarpal variables, and (3) phalanges variables. The variables that demonstrated the most significant contributions to the construction of the PCA synthetic variables were then used in subsequent analyses. To explore which morphological variables better explain the variations in the functional setting, we ran Generalized Linear Models for the three different sets. This method allows us to model the morphology that enables a particular functional trait. Grasping was considered the only response variable, taking the value of 0 or 1, while the original variables retained by the PCAs were considered predictor variables. Our analyses yielded six variables associated with grasping abilities: two belong to the carpal bones, two belong to the metacarpals and two belong to the phalanges. Grasping in lizards can be performed with hands exhibiting at least two different independently originated combinations of bones. The first is a combination of a highly elongated centrale bone, reduced palmar sesamoid, divergence angles above 90°, and slender metacarpal V and phalanges, such as exhibited by Anolis sp. and Tropidurus sp. The second includes an elongated centrale bone, lack of a palmar sesamoid, divergence angles above 90°, and narrow metacarpal V and phalanges, as exhibited by geckos. Our data suggest that the morphological distinction between graspers and non-graspers is demonstrating the existence of ranges along the morphological continuum within which a new ability is generated. Our results support the hypothesis of the nested origin of grasping abilities within arboreality. Thus, the manifestation of grasping abilities as a response to locomotive selective pressure in the context of narrow-branch eco-spaces could also enable other grasping-dependent biological roles, such as prey handling. PMID:27168987

[A Blueprint for Iowa's Young Children.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Iowa Kids Count Initiative, Des Moines.

Two booklets, "A Blueprint for Iowa's Young: Implementation Directions for the Framework Paper," and "Investing in Families, Prevention and School Readiness: Working Draft of a Framework Paper" present a framework for creation of a blueprint for implementation and management of community investment initiatives. The framework is…

Train the Trainer. Facilitator Guide Sample. Basic Blueprint Reading (Chapter One).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saint Louis Community Coll., MO.

This publication consists of three sections: facilitator's guide--train the trainer, facilitator's guide sample--Basic Blueprint Reading (Chapter 1), and participant's guide sample--basic blueprint reading (chapter 1). Section I addresses why the trainer should learn new classroom techniques; lecturing versus facilitating; learning styles…

Wisconsin Educational Standards: A Blueprint for Excellence. Bulletin No. 91470.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wisconsin State Dept. of Public Instruction, Madison.

Wisconsin educators and education policymakers participated significantly in the development of the state's Blueprint for Excellence. The Blueprint's 20 standards are an integrated set of minimal expectations brought together for the purpose of making schools more effective for all students. To help school district decisionmakers review activities…

9 CFR 108.6 - Revision of plot plans, blueprints, and legends.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., blueprints, or legends and submit to Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service for review and filing when... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Revision of plot plans, blueprints... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE VIRUSES, SERUMS, TOXINS, AND ANALOGOUS PRODUCTS; ORGANISMS AND VECTORS...

9 CFR 108.2 - Plot plans, blueprints, and legends required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Plot plans, blueprints, and legends required. 108.2 Section 108.2 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE... REQUIREMENTS FOR LICENSED ESTABLISHMENTS § 108.2 Plot plans, blueprints, and legends required. Each applicant...

Mixed messages: The Blueprint for Pharmacy and a communication gap.

PubMed

Rosenthal, Meagen; Chen, Christopher B; Hall, Kevin; Tsuyuki, Ross T

2014-03-01

More than 5 years ago, the Blueprint for Pharmacy developed a plan for transitioning pharmacy practice toward more patient-centred care. Much of the strategy for change involves communicating the new vision. To evaluate the communication of the Vision for Pharmacy by the organizations and corporations that signed the Blueprint for Pharmacy's Commitment to Act. The list of 88 signatories of the Commitment to Act was obtained from the Blueprint for Pharmacy document. The website of each of these signatories was searched for all references to the Blueprint for Pharmacy or Vision for Pharmacy. Each of the identified references was then analyzed using summative content analysis. A total of 934 references were identified from the webpages of the 88 signatories. Of these references, 549 were merely links to the Blueprint for Pharmacy's website, 350 of the references provided some detailed information about the Blueprint for Pharmacy and only 35 references provided any specific plans to transition pharmacy practice. Widespread proliferation of the Vision for Pharmacy has not been achieved. One possible explanation for this is that communication of the vision by the signatories has been incomplete. To ensure the success of future communications, change leaders must develop strategies that consider how individual pharmacists and pharmacies understand the message.

Blueprint Reading. Courseware Evaluation for Vocational and Technical Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Turner, Gordon; And Others

This courseware evaluation rates the Blueprint Reading program developed by the Iowa Department of Public Instruction. (The program--not contained in this document--is self-paced and contains review questions to supplement instruction in blueprint reading and mechanical drawing.) Part A describes the program in terms of subject area (fractions,…

9 CFR 108.7 - Filing of plot plans, blueprints, and legends.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Filing of plot plans, blueprints, and legends. 108.7 Section 108.7 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE... REQUIREMENTS FOR LICENSED ESTABLISHMENTS § 108.7 Filing of plot plans, blueprints, and legends. Three copies of...

76 FR 68766 - Draft Blueprint for Prescriber Education for Long-Acting/Extended-Release Opioid Class-Wide Risk...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-07

...] Draft Blueprint for Prescriber Education for Long-Acting/ Extended-Release Opioid Class-Wide Risk... announcing the availability of a draft document entitled ``Blueprint for Prescriber Education for the Long... intended for use by continuing education (CE) providers to develop educational materials to train...

Alberta's Post-Secondary Education System: Developing the Blueprint for Change.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alberta Learning, Edmonton.

This paper was prepared as a step in the consultation process to develop a Blueprint for Change that will take postsecondary education in Alberta through the next decade. The Blueprint will identify key strategies to shape future directions and identify priorities for change. This document reflects feedback from stakeholders to a previous…

An Operational Blueprint for Health Career Education and Training Program. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hood, Theresa W.; Thompson, Christopher W.

An operational blueprint for health career education and training was designed to provide the District of Columbia public schools with a documented strategy for implementing a comprehensive, multifocal health careers program. The blueprint will establish a mechanism for interagency communication and cooperation at all levels, involving all aspects…

9 CFR 108.4 - Preparation of blueprints.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... regular blueprint paper or a good grade of white paper of any one of the American standard trimmed sizes... blueprint is revised. Indicate the scale used. (b) Use a single sheet of paper for each floor of all... floor. (e) Identify all rooms by letters or numbers. (f) Show the location of important stationary...

9 CFR 108.4 - Preparation of blueprints.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... regular blueprint paper or a good grade of white paper of any one of the American standard trimmed sizes... blueprint is revised. Indicate the scale used. (b) Use a single sheet of paper for each floor of all... floor. (e) Identify all rooms by letters or numbers. (f) Show the location of important stationary...

Implementation Blueprint and Self-Assessment: Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Technical Assistance Center on Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports, 2010

2010-01-01

A "blueprint" is a guide designed to improve large-scale implementations of a specific systems or organizational approach, like School-Wide Positive Behavior Support (SWPBS). This blueprint is intended to make the conceptual theory, organizational models, and practices of SWPBS more accessible for those involved in enhancing how schools,…

Morphological configuration of the cranial base among children aged 8 to 12 years.

PubMed

Cossio, Lina; López, Jorge; Rueda, Zulma Vanessa; Botero-Mariaca, Paola

2016-06-14

Cranial base is used as reference structure to determine the skeletal type in cephalometric analysis. The purpose was to assess the cranial base length on lateral cephalic radiographs of children between 8 and 12 and compare these measurements with baseline studies in order to evaluate the relationship between the length and the cranial base angle, articular angle, gonial angle and skeletal type. A Cross-sectional study in 149 children aged 8-12 years, originally from Aburrá Valley, who had lateral cephalic radiographs and consented to participate in this study. The variables studied included: age, sex, sella-nasion, sella-nasion-articular, sella-nasion-basion, articular-gonion-menton, gonion-menton, sella-nasion-point B, sella-nasion-point A y point A-nasion-point B. These variables were digitally measured through i-dixel 2 digital software. One-way ANOVA was used to determine mean values and mean value differences. The values obtained were compared with previous studies. A p value <0.05 was considered significant. Cranial base lengths are smaller in each age and sex group, with differences exceeding 10 mm for measurement, compared both with the study by Riolo (Michigan) and the study carried out in Damasco (Antioquia). No relation was found between the skeletal type and the anterior cranial base length, the sella angle and the cranial base angle. Also, no relation was found between the gonial angle and sella angle or the cranial base angle. The cranial base varies from one population to another. Accordingly, compared to other studies it is shorter for the assessed sample.

Supporting Ngss-Congruent Instruction in Earth & Space Science Through Educator Implementation and Feedback: Refining the Dig Texas Blueprints

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jacobs, B. E.; Bohls-Graham, C. E.; Ellins, K. K.; Riggs, E. M.; Serpa, L. F.; Stocks, E.; McIver, H.; Sergent, C.

2015-12-01

The development of the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) as a framework around which to guide K-12 science instruction has generated a call for rigorous curricula that meets the demand for developing a workforce with expertise in tackling modern Earth science challenges. The Diversity and Innovation in Geosciences (DIG) Texas Blueprints project addresses this need for quality, aligned curricula with educator-vetted, freely available resources carefully selected and compiled into three week thematic units that have been aligned with the Earth Science Literacy Principles and the NGSS. These units can then be packaged into customized blueprints for a year-long Earth & Space Science course that engages students in the relevant disciplinary core ideas, crosscutting concepts and science and engineering practices. As part of supporting NGSS-congruent instruction, each unit has extensive scaffolding notes for the learning activities selected for that unit. Designed with both the new and veteran teacher in mind, these scaffolding notes yield information regarding advanced teacher preparation, student prerequisite skills, and potential challenges that might arise during classroom implementation. Feedback from Texas high school teachers implementing the DIG Texas Blueprints in the classroom, in addition to that of university secondary education majors in a preparation course utilizing the blueprints, instigated the most recent revisions to these scaffolding notes. The DIG Texas Blueprints Educator Intern Team charged with these revisions then determined which learning activities became candidates for either inclusion in the refined units, retention as an additional resource, or elimination from the blueprints. This presentation will focus on the development of these scaffolding notes and their role in supporting congruence with the NGSS. A review of the second year of implementation of the blueprints and the feedback that generated the final revisions will be shared, as well as the current accessibility status of the DIG Texas Blueprints resources

SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY OBSERVATIONS OF KUIPER BELT OBJECTS: COLORS AND VARIABILITY

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ofek, Eran O.

2012-04-10

Colors of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) are used to study the evolutionary processes of bodies in the outskirts of the solar system and to test theories regarding their origin. Here I describe a search for serendipitous Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) observations of known TNOs and Centaurs. I present a catalog of SDSS photometry, colors, and astrometry of 388 measurements of 42 outer solar system objects. I find weak evidence, at the Almost-Equal-To 2{sigma} level (per trial), for a correlation between the g - r color and inclination of scattered disk objects and hot classical Kuiper Belt objects. I find amore » correlation between the g - r color and the angular momentum in the z direction of all the objects in this sample. These findings should be verified using larger samples of TNOs. Light curves as a function of phase angle are constructed for 13 objects. The steepness of the slopes of these light curves suggests that the coherent backscatter mechanism plays a major role in the reflectivity of outer solar system small objects at small phase angles. I find weak evidence for an anticorrelation, significant at the 2{sigma} confidence level (per trial), between the g-band phase-angle slope parameter and the semimajor axis, as well as the aphelion distance, of these objects (i.e., they show a more prominent 'opposition effect' at smaller distances from the Sun). However, this plausible correlation should be verified using a larger sample. I discuss the origin of this possible correlation and argue that if this correlation is real it probably indicates that 'Sedna'-like objects have a different origin than other classes of TNOs. Finally, I identify several objects with large variability amplitudes.« less

"Blueprints" on the Future of Training and Practice in School Psychology: What Do They Say about Educational and Psychological Consultation?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ysseldyke, Jim; Burns, Matthew K.; Rosenfield, Sylvia

2009-01-01

School psychology training and practice have been substantially influenced by a series of documents referred to as "Blueprints." The second edition of the "Blueprint" directly led to the development of training standards for school psychology that addressed several domains of practice. Both preceding and simultaneous to the…

The National Blueprint for Promoting Physical Activity in the Mid-Life and Older Adult Population

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chodzko-Zajko, Wojtek; Sheppard, Lisa; Senior, Jane; Park, Chae-Hee; Mockenhaupt, Robin; Bazzarre, Terry

2005-01-01

The National Blueprint: Increasing Physical Activity Among Adults Age 50 and Older was designed to develop a national strategy for the promotion of physically active lifestyles among the mid-life and older adult population. The Blueprint identifies barriers to physical activity in the areas of research, home and community programs, medical…

Proposed square spiral microfabrication architecture for large three-dimensional photonic band gap crystals.

PubMed

Toader, O; John, S

2001-05-11

We present a blueprint for a three-dimensional photonic band gap (PBG) material that is amenable to large-scale microfabrication on the optical scale using glancing angle deposition methods. The proposed chiral crystal consists of square spiral posts on a tetragonal lattice. In the case of silicon posts in air (direct structure), the full PBG can be as large as 15% of the gap center frequency, whereas for air posts in a silicon background (inverted structure) the maximum PBG is 24% of the center frequency. This PBG occurs between the fourth and fifth bands of the photon dispersion relation and is very robust to variations (disorder) in the geometrical parameters of the crystal.

91. Photographic copy of drawing (16 February 1905, reproduction of ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

91. Photographic copy of drawing (16 February 1905, reproduction of original drawing in Archives, Public Affairs Department, Sears Merchandise Group, Hoffman Estates, Illinois). Nimmons and Fellows. 1/16 inch to one foot. Plan dimensions are given on this floor plan of the first four bays of warehouse west of Homan Avenue. This drawing is excerpted from a blueprint set. FIRST FLOOR PLAN - Sears Roebuck & Company Mail Order Plant, Merchandise Building, 924 South Homan Avenue, Chicago, Cook County, IL

A coherent discrete variable representation method on a sphere

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yu, Hua -Gen

Here, the coherent discrete variable representation (ZDVR) has been extended for construct- ing a multidimensional potential-optimized DVR basis on a sphere. In order to deal with the non-constant Jacobian in spherical angles, two direct product primitive basis methods are proposed so that the original ZDVR technique can be properly implemented. The method has been demonstrated by computing the lowest states of a two dimensional (2D) vibrational model. Results show that the extended ZDVR method gives accurate eigenval- ues and exponential convergence with increasing ZDVR basis size.

A coherent discrete variable representation method on a sphere

DOE PAGES

Yu, Hua -Gen

2017-09-05

Here, the coherent discrete variable representation (ZDVR) has been extended for construct- ing a multidimensional potential-optimized DVR basis on a sphere. In order to deal with the non-constant Jacobian in spherical angles, two direct product primitive basis methods are proposed so that the original ZDVR technique can be properly implemented. The method has been demonstrated by computing the lowest states of a two dimensional (2D) vibrational model. Results show that the extended ZDVR method gives accurate eigenval- ues and exponential convergence with increasing ZDVR basis size.

A FORTRAN technique for correlating a circular environmental variable with a linear physiological variable in the sugar maple.

PubMed

Pease, J M; Morselli, M F

1987-01-01

This paper deals with a computer program adapted to a statistical method for analyzing an unlimited quantity of binary recorded data of an independent circular variable (e.g. wind direction), and a linear variable (e.g. maple sap flow volume). Circular variables cannot be statistically analyzed with linear methods, unless they have been transformed. The program calculates a critical quantity, the acrophase angle (PHI, phi o). The technique is adapted from original mathematics [1] and is written in Fortran 77 for easier conversion between computer networks. Correlation analysis can be performed following the program or regression which, because of the circular nature of the independent variable, becomes periodic regression. The technique was tested on a file of approximately 4050 data pairs.

Critical Literacy, Educational Investment, and the Blueprint for Reform: An Analysis of the Reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morrell, Ernest

2010-01-01

This article analyzes, "A Blueprint for Reform: The Reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act," a recently released report from the U.S. Department of Education. It begins with an analysis of the strengths of the report. The Blueprint argues for increased college access and more federal attention to public education.…

Why Machine-Information Metaphors are Bad for Science and Science Education

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pigliucci, Massimo; Boudry, Maarten

2011-05-01

Genes are often described by biologists using metaphors derived from computational science: they are thought of as carriers of information, as being the equivalent of "blueprints" for the construction of organisms. Likewise, cells are often characterized as "factories" and organisms themselves become analogous to machines. Accordingly, when the human genome project was initially announced, the promise was that we would soon know how a human being is made, just as we know how to make airplanes and buildings. Importantly, modern proponents of Intelligent Design, the latest version of creationism, have exploited biologists' use of the language of information and blueprints to make their spurious case, based on pseudoscientific concepts such as "irreducible complexity" and on flawed analogies between living cells and mechanical factories. However, the living organism = machine analogy was criticized already by David Hume in his Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion. In line with Hume's criticism, over the past several years a more nuanced and accurate understanding of what genes are and how they operate has emerged, ironically in part from the work of computational scientists who take biology, and in particular developmental biology, more seriously than some biologists seem to do. In this article we connect Hume's original criticism of the living organism = machine analogy with the modern ID movement, and illustrate how the use of misleading and outdated metaphors in science can play into the hands of pseudoscientists. Thus, we argue that dropping the blueprint and similar metaphors will improve both the science of biology and its understanding by the general public.

Use of the iPhone for Cobb angle measurement in scoliosis.

PubMed

Shaw, Matthew; Adam, Clayton J; Izatt, Maree T; Licina, Paul; Askin, Geoffrey N

2012-06-01

The Cobb technique is the universally accepted method for measuring the severity of spinal deformities. Traditionally, Cobb angles have been measured using protractor and pencil on hardcopy radiographic films. The new generation of mobile 'smartphones' make accurate angle measurement possible using an integrated accelerometer, providing a potentially useful clinical tool for assessing Cobb angles. The purpose of this study was to compare Cobb angle measurements performed using a smartphone and traditional protractor in a series of 20 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients. Seven observers measured major Cobb angles on 20 pre-operative postero-anterior radiographs of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis patients with both a standard protractor and using an Apple iPhone. Five of the observers repeated the measurements at least a week after the original measurements. The mean absolute difference between pairs of smartphone/protractor measurements was 2.1°, with a small (1°) bias toward lower Cobb angles with the iPhone. 95% confidence intervals for intra-observer variability were ±3.3° for the protractor and ±3.9° for the iPhone. 95% confidence intervals for inter-observer variability were ±8.3° for the iPhone and ±7.1° for the protractor. Both of these confidence intervals were within the range of previously published Cobb measurement studies. We conclude that the iPhone is an equivalent Cobb measurement tool to the manual protractor, and measurement times are about 15% less. The widespread availability of inclinometer-equipped mobile phones and the ability to store measurements in later versions of the angle measurement software may make these new technologies attractive for clinical measurement applications.

Using "Blueprint Photography by the Cyanotype Process"

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Editorial Staff, Jce

2008-05-01

Do you want to try the cyanotype process with your students? That's easy to do! Start with JCE Classroom Activity #19, "Blueprint Photography by the Cyanotype Process", by Glen D. Lawrence and Stuart Fishelson ( JCE , 1999 , 76 , 1216A-1216B ). In this ready-to-use activity, students create their own cyanotype paper and use it to make blueprint photographs in the sunlight. It's a great way to connect chemistry with art.

Mixed messages

PubMed Central

Chen, Christopher B.; Hall, Kevin; Tsuyuki, Ross T.

2014-01-01

Background: More than 5 years ago, the Blueprint for Pharmacy developed a plan for transitioning pharmacy practice toward more patient-centred care. Much of the strategy for change involves communicating the new vision. Objective: To evaluate the communication of the Vision for Pharmacy by the organizations and corporations that signed the Blueprint for Pharmacy’s Commitment to Act. Methods: The list of 88 signatories of the Commitment to Act was obtained from the Blueprint for Pharmacy document. The website of each of these signatories was searched for all references to the Blueprint for Pharmacy or Vision for Pharmacy. Each of the identified references was then analyzed using summative content analysis. Results: A total of 934 references were identified from the webpages of the 88 signatories. Of these references, 549 were merely links to the Blueprint for Pharmacy’s website, 350 of the references provided some detailed information about the Blueprint for Pharmacy and only 35 references provided any specific plans to transition pharmacy practice. Conclusion: Widespread proliferation of the Vision for Pharmacy has not been achieved. One possible explanation for this is that communication of the vision by the signatories has been incomplete. To ensure the success of future communications, change leaders must develop strategies that consider how individual pharmacists and pharmacies understand the message. PMID:24660012

What do providers want to know about opioid prescribing? A qualitative analysis of their questions.

PubMed

Cushman, Phoebe A; Liebschutz, Jane M; Hodgkin, Joseph G; Shanahan, Christopher W; White, Julie L; Hardesty, Ilana; Alford, Daniel P

2017-01-01

In 2012, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) responded to the opioid crisis with a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy, requiring manufacturers of extended-release/long-acting opioids to fund continuing medical education based on the "FDA Blueprint for Prescriber Education." Topics in the Blueprint are "Assessing Patients for Treatment," "Initiating Therapy, Modifying Dosing, and Discontinuing Use," "Managing Therapy," "Counseling Patients and Caregivers about Safe Use," "General Drug Information," and "Specific Drug Information." Based on the FDA Blueprint, Boston University School of Medicine's "Safe and Competent Opioid Prescribing Education" (SCOPE of Pain) offers live trainings for physicians and other prescribers. During trainings, participants submit written questions about the curriculum and/or their clinical experiences. The objective was to compare themes that arose from questions asked by SCOPE of Pain participants with content of the FDA Blueprint in order to evaluate how well the Blueprint answers prescribers' concerns. The authors conducted qualitative analyses of all 1309 questions submitted by participants in 29 trainings across 16 states from May 2013 to May 2015, using conventional content analysis to code the questions. Themes that emerged from participants' questions were then compared with the Blueprint. Most themes fell into the topic categories of the Blueprint. Five main themes diverged: Participants sought information on (1) safe alternatives to opioids, (2) overcoming barriers to safe opioid prescribing, (3) government regulations of opioid prescribing, (4) the role of marijuana in opioid prescribing, and (5) maintaining a positive provider-patient relationship while prescribing opioids. In addition to learning the mechanics of safe opioid prescribing, providers want to understand government regulations and effective patient communication skills. Aware of the limitations of opioids in managing chronic pain, providers seek advice on alternatives therapies. Future updates to the FDA Blueprint and other educational guidelines on opioid prescribing should address providers' additional questions.

Kinetic measures of restabilisation during volitional stepping reveal age-related alterations in the control of mediolateral dynamic stability.

PubMed

Singer, Jonathan C; McIlroy, William E; Prentice, Stephen D

2014-11-07

Research examining age-related changes in dynamic stability during stepping has recognised the importance of the restabilisation phase, subsequent to foot-contact. While regulation of the net ground reaction force (GRFnet) line of action is believed to influence dynamic stability during steady-state locomotion, such control during restabilisation remains unknown. This work explored the origins of age-related decline in mediolateral dynamic stability by examining the line of action of GRFnet relative to the centre of mass (COM) during restabilisation following voluntary stepping. Healthy younger and older adults (n=20 per group) performed three single-step tasks (varying speed and step placement), altering the challenge to stability control. Age-related differences in magnitude and intertrial variability of the angle of divergence of GRFnet line of action relative to the COM were quantified, along with the peak mediolateral and vertical GRFnet components. The angle of divergence was further examined at discrete points during restabilisation, to uncover events of potential importance to stability control. Older adults exhibited a reduced angle of divergence throughout restabilisation. Temporal and spatial constraints on stepping increased the magnitude and intertrial variability of the angle of divergence, although not differentially among the older adults. Analysis of the time-varying angle of divergence revealed age-related reductions in magnitude, with increases in timing and intertrial timing variability during the later phase of restabilisation. This work further supports the idea that age-related challenges in lateral stability control emerge during restabilisation. Age-related alterations during the later phase of restabilisation may signify challenges with reactive control. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Occupational therapists lead a national injury prevention strategy to help older drivers.

PubMed

Craik, Janet M

2011-04-01

As older adults are the fastest growing segment of the driving population, the Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists (CAOT) has taken older driver safety as a key priority. The purpose of this paper is to present the National Blueprint for Injury Prevention in Older Drivers (Blueprint) and its related activities. Since 2006, CAOT has been working on initiatives relating to the National Blueprint for Injury Prevention in Older Drivers. The most recent activities include the launch of informational brochures and a website. The Blueprint and its related activities were developed with the intent to prolong safe driving among older adults in Canada, and to propose future actions to be addressed by all stakeholders interested in older driver safety.

Computation of asymmetric supersonic flows around cones at large incidence

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Degani, David

1987-01-01

The Schiff-Steger parabolized Navier-Stokes (PNS) code has been modified to allow computation of conical flowfields around cones at high incidence. The improved algorithm of Degani and Schiff has been incorporated with the PNS code. This algorithm adds the cross derivative and circumferential viscous terms to the original PNS code and modifies the algebraic eddy viscosity turbulence model to take into account regions of so called cross-flow separation. Assuming the flowfield is conical (but not necessarily symmetric) a marching stepback procedure is used: the solution is marched one step downstream using improved PNS code and the flow variables are then scaled to place the solution back to the original station. The process is repeated until no change in the flow variables is observed with further marching. The flow variables are then constant along rays of the flowfield. The experiments obtained by Bannik and Nebbeling were chosen as a test case. In these experiments a cone of 7.5 deg. half angle at Mach number 2.94 and Reynolds number 1.372 x 10(7) was tested up 34 deg. angle of attack. At high angle of attack nonconical asymmetric leeward side vortex patterns were observed. In the first set of computations, using an earlier obtained solution of the above cone for angle of attack of 22.6 deg. and at station x=0.5 as a starting solution, the angle of attack was gradually increased up to 34 deg. During this procedure the grid was carfully adjusted to capture the bow shock. A stable, converged symmetric solution was obtained. Since the numerical code converged to a symmetric solution which is not the physical one, the stability was tested by a random perturbation at each point. The possible effect of surface roughness or non perfect body shape was also investigated. It was concluded that although the assumption of conical viscous flows can be very useful for certain cases, it can not be used for the present case. Thus the second part of the investigation attempted to obtain a marching (in space) solution with the PNS method using the conical solution as initial data. Finally, the solution of the full Navier-Stokes equations was carried out.

National blueprint for runway safety

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-10-01

The Blueprint describes the processes : employed to measurably reduce the risks : associated with runway incursions and surface : incidents. It sets expectations, establishes : accountability, communicates information, : and defines new and improved ...

Software System Safety and the NASA Aeronautics Blueprint

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holloway, C. Michael; Hayhurst, Kelly J.

2002-01-01

NASA's Aeronautics Blueprint lays out a research agenda for the Agency s aeronautics program. The word software appears only four times in this Blueprint, but the critical importance of safe and correct software to the fulfillment of the proposed research is evident on almost every page. Most of the technology solutions proposed to address challenges in aviation are software dependent technologies. Of the fifty-two specific technology solutions described in the Blueprint, forty-one depend, at least in part, on software for success. For thirty-five of these forty-one, software is not only critical to success, but also to human safety. That is, implementing the technology solutions will require using software in such a way that it may, if not specified, designed, and implemented properly, lead to fatal accidents. These results have at least two implications for the research based on the Blueprint: (1) knowledge about the current state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice in software engineering and software system safety is essential, and (2) research into current unsolved problems in these software disciplines is also essential.

Optimization on the impeller of a low-specific-speed centrifugal pump for hydraulic performance improvement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pei, Ji; Wang, Wenjie; Yuan, Shouqi; Zhang, Jinfeng

2016-09-01

In order to widen the high-efficiency operating range of a low-specific-speed centrifugal pump, an optimization process for considering efficiencies under 1.0 Q d and 1.4 Q d is proposed. Three parameters, namely, the blade outlet width b 2, blade outlet angle β 2, and blade wrap angle φ, are selected as design variables. Impellers are generated using the optimal Latin hypercube sampling method. The pump efficiencies are calculated using the software CFX 14.5 at two operating points selected as objectives. Surrogate models are also constructed to analyze the relationship between the objectives and the design variables. Finally, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied to calculate the surrogate model to determine the best combination of the impeller parameters. The results show that the performance curve predicted by numerical simulation has a good agreement with the experimental results. Compared with the efficiencies of the original impeller, the hydraulic efficiencies of the optimized impeller are increased by 4.18% and 0.62% under 1.0 Q d and 1.4Qd, respectively. The comparison of inner flow between the original pump and optimized one illustrates the improvement of performance. The optimization process can provide a useful reference on performance improvement of other pumps, even on reduction of pressure fluctuations.

Impingement of Boundary-Reflected Disturbances Originating at the Nose of a Body of Revolution in the Langley Research Center 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Re, Richard, J.; Capone, Francis J.

1998-01-01

An investigation has been conducted in the Langley 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel to determine boundary-reflected disturbance lengths at low supersonic Mach numbers in the octagonally shaped test section. A body of revolution that had a nose designed to produce a bow shock and flow field similar to that about the nose of a supersonic transport configuration was used. The impingement of reflected disturbances on the model was determined from static pressures measured on the surface of the model. Test variables included Mach number (0.90 to 1.25), model angle of attack (nominally -10, 0, and 10), and model roll angle.

Social Models: Blueprints or Processes?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Little, Graham R.

1981-01-01

Discusses the nature and implications of two different models for societal planning: (1) the problem-solving process approach based on Karl Popper; and (2) the goal-setting "blueprint" approach based on Karl Marx. (DC)

Angular position of the cleat according to torsional parameters of the cyclist's lower limb.

PubMed

Ramos-Ortega, Javier; Domínguez, Gabriel; Castillo, José Manuel; Fernández-Seguín, Lourdes; Munuera, Pedro V

2014-05-01

The aim of this work was to study the relationship of torsional and rotational parameters of the lower limb with a specific angular position of the cleat to establish whether these variables affect the adjustment of the cleat. Correlational study. Motion analysis laboratory. Thirty-seven male cyclists of high performance. The variables studied of the cyclist's lower limb were hip rotation (internal and external), tibial torsion angle, Q angle, and forefoot adductus angle. The cleat angle was measured through a photograph of the sole and with an Rx of this using the software AutoCAD 2008. The variables were photograph angle (photograph), the variable denominated cleat-tarsus minor angle, and a variable denominated cleat-second metatarsal angle (Rx). Analysis included the intraclass correlation coefficient for the reliability of the measurements, Student's t test performed on the dependent variables to compare side, and the multiple linear regression models were calculated using the software SPSS 15.0 for Windows. The Student's t test performed on the dependent variables to compare side showed no significant differences (P = 0.209 for the photograph angle, P = 0.735 for the cleat-tarsus minor angle, and P = 0.801 for the cleat-second metatarsal angle). Values of R and R2 for the photograph angle model were 0.303 and 0.092 (P = 0.08), the cleat/tarsus minor angle model were 0.683 and 0.466 (P < 0.001), and the cleat/second metatarsal angle model were 0.618 and 0.382, respectively (P < 0.001). The equation given by the model was cleat-tarsus minor angle = 75.094 - (0.521 × forefoot adductus angle) + (0.116 × outward rotation of the hips) + (0.220 × Q angle).

Genetics Home Reference: Nager syndrome

MedlinePlus

... cousin of DNA that serves as a genetic blueprint for making proteins. The spliceosomes recognize and then ... mRNA molecules that are not used in the blueprint (which are called introns ). The SAP49 protein may ...

9. Photocopy of 1964 restoration blueprint of street front elevation, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. Photocopy of 1964 restoration blueprint of street front elevation, from northeast,courtesy of Whatcom Museum of History and Art - New Whatcom City Hall, 121 Prospect Street, Bellingham, Whatcom County, WA

Quantum Machine Learning over Infinite Dimensions

DOE PAGES

Lau, Hoi-Kwan; Pooser, Raphael; Siopsis, George; ...

2017-02-21

Machine learning is a fascinating and exciting eld within computer science. Recently, this ex- citement has been transferred to the quantum information realm. Currently, all proposals for the quantum version of machine learning utilize the nite-dimensional substrate of discrete variables. Here we generalize quantum machine learning to the more complex, but still remarkably practi- cal, in nite-dimensional systems. We present the critical subroutines of quantum machine learning algorithms for an all-photonic continuous-variable quantum computer that achieve an exponential speedup compared to their equivalent classical counterparts. Finally, we also map out an experi- mental implementation which can be used as amore » blueprint for future photonic demonstrations.« less

Quantum Machine Learning over Infinite Dimensions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lau, Hoi-Kwan; Pooser, Raphael; Siopsis, George

Machine learning is a fascinating and exciting eld within computer science. Recently, this ex- citement has been transferred to the quantum information realm. Currently, all proposals for the quantum version of machine learning utilize the nite-dimensional substrate of discrete variables. Here we generalize quantum machine learning to the more complex, but still remarkably practi- cal, in nite-dimensional systems. We present the critical subroutines of quantum machine learning algorithms for an all-photonic continuous-variable quantum computer that achieve an exponential speedup compared to their equivalent classical counterparts. Finally, we also map out an experi- mental implementation which can be used as amore » blueprint for future photonic demonstrations.« less

Toward a blueprint for UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase structure/function properties: homology-modeling analyses.

PubMed

Geisler, Matt; Wilczynska, Malgorzata; Karpinski, Stanislaw; Kleczkowski, Leszek A

2004-11-01

UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) is an important enzyme of synthesis of sucrose, cellulose, and several other polysaccharides in all plants. The protein is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes, but has little relation, aside from its catalytic reaction, to UGPases of prokaryotic origin. Using protein homology modeling strategy, 3D structures for barley, poplar, and Arabidopsis UGPases have been derived, based on recently published crystal structure of human UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase. The derived 3D structures correspond to a bowl-shaped protein with the active site at a central groove, and a C-terminal domain that includes a loop (I-loop) possibly involved in dimerization. Data on a plethora of earlier described UGPase mutants from a variety of eukaryotic organisms have been revisited, and we have, in most cases, verified the role of each mutation in enzyme catalysis/regulation/structural integrity. We have also found that one of two alternatively spliced forms of poplar UGPase has a very short I-loop, suggesting differences in oligomerization ability of the two isozymes. The derivation of the structural model for plant UGPase should serve as a useful blueprint for further function/structure studies on this protein.

Creating a test blueprint for a progress testing program: A paired-comparisons approach.

PubMed

von Bergmann, HsingChi; Childs, Ruth A

2018-03-01

Creating a new testing program requires the development of a test blueprint that will determine how the items on each test form are distributed across possible content areas and practice domains. To achieve validity, categories of a blueprint are typically based on the judgments of content experts. How experts judgments are elicited and combined is important to the quality of resulting test blueprints. Content experts in dentistry participated in a day-long faculty-wide workshop to discuss, refine, and confirm the categories and their relative weights. After reaching agreement on categories and their definitions, experts judged the relative importance between category pairs, registering their judgments anonymously using iClicker, an audience response system. Judgments were combined in two ways: a simple calculation that could be performed during the workshop and a multidimensional scaling of the judgments performed later. Content experts were able to produce a set of relative weights using this approach. The multidimensional scaling yielded a three-dimensional model with the potential to provide deeper insights into the basis of the experts' judgments. The approach developed and demonstrated in this study can be applied across academic disciplines to elicit and combine content experts judgments for the development of test blueprints.

9. ELEVATION AND SECTION, OPERATOR'S COTTAGE NO. 3 Blueprint drawing ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. ELEVATION AND SECTION, OPERATOR'S COTTAGE NO. 3 Blueprint drawing no. D 3366 - Nine Mile Hydroelectric Development, Cottage No. 1, State Highway 291 along Spokane River, Nine Mile Falls, Spokane County, WA

Benefits and Costs of the Clean Air Act 1990-2020. Analytical Blueprint

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The blueprint includes a 211-page main document that describes EPA's plan for conducting the second prospective study and 10 technical appendices which provide in-depth documentation for particular analytical components.

A blueprint for genomic nursing science.

PubMed

Calzone, Kathleen A; Jenkins, Jean; Bakos, Alexis D; Cashion, Ann K; Donaldson, Nancy; Feero, W Gregory; Feetham, Suzanne; Grady, Patricia A; Hinshaw, Ada Sue; Knebel, Ann R; Robinson, Nellie; Ropka, Mary E; Seibert, Diane; Stevens, Kathleen R; Tully, Lois A; Webb, Jo Ann

2013-03-01

This article reports on recommendations arising from an invitational workshop series held at the National Institutes of Health for the purposes of identifying critical genomics problems important to the health of the public that can be addressed through nursing science. The overall purpose of the Genomic Nursing State of the Science Initiative is to establish a nursing research blueprint based on gaps in the evidence and expert evaluation of the current state of the science and through public comment. A Genomic Nursing State of the Science Advisory Panel was convened in 2012 to develop the nursing research blueprint. The Advisory Panel, which met via two webinars and two in-person meetings, considered existing evidence from evidence reviews, testimony from key stakeholder groups, presentations from experts in research synthesis, and public comment. The genomic nursing science blueprint arising from the Genomic Nursing State of Science Advisory Panel focuses on biologic plausibility studies as well as interventions likely to improve a variety of outcomes (e.g., clinical, economic, environmental). It also includes all care settings and diverse populations. The focus is on (a) the client, defined as person, family, community, or population; (b) the context, targeting informatics support systems, capacity building, education, and environmental influences; and (c) cross-cutting themes. It was agreed that building capacity to measure the impact of nursing actions on costs, quality, and outcomes of patient care is a strategic and scientific priority if findings are to be synthesized and aggregated to inform practice and policy. The genomic nursing science blueprint provides the framework for furthering genomic nursing science to improve health outcomes. This blueprint is an independent recommendation of the Advisory Panel with input from the public and is not a policy statement of the National Institutes of Health or the federal government. This genomic nursing science blueprint targets research to build the evidence base to inform integration of genomics into nursing practice and regulation (such as nursing licensure requirements, institutional accreditation, and academic nursing school accreditation). © 2013 Sigma Theta Tau International.

Uncertainty prediction for PUB

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mendiondo, E. M.; Tucci, C. M.; Clarke, R. T.; Castro, N. M.; Goldenfum, J. A.; Chevallier, P.

2003-04-01

IAHS’ initiative of Prediction in Ungaged Basins (PUB) attempts to integrate monitoring needs and uncertainty prediction for river basins. This paper outlines alternative ways of uncertainty prediction which could be linked with new blueprints for PUB, thereby showing how equifinality-based models should be grasped using practical strategies of gauging like the Nested Catchment Experiment (NCE). Uncertainty prediction is discussed from observations of Potiribu Project, which is a NCE layout at representative basins of a suptropical biome of 300,000 km2 in South America. Uncertainty prediction is assessed at the microscale (1 m2 plots), at the hillslope (0,125 km2) and at the mesoscale (0,125 - 560 km2). At the microscale, uncertainty-based models are constrained by temporal variations of state variables with changing likelihood surfaces of experiments using Green-Ampt model. Two new blueprints emerged from this NCE for PUB: (1) the Scale Transferability Scheme (STS) at the hillslope scale and the Integrating Process Hypothesis (IPH) at the mesoscale. The STS integrates a multi-dimensional scaling with similarity thresholds, as a generalization of the Representative Elementary Area (REA), using spatial correlation from point (distributed) to area (lumped) process. In this way, STS addresses uncertainty-bounds of model parameters, into an upscaling process at the hillslope. In the other hand, the IPH approach regionalizes synthetic hydrographs, thereby interpreting the uncertainty bounds of streamflow variables. Multiscale evidences from Potiribu NCE layout show novel pathways of uncertainty prediction under a PUB perspective in representative basins of world biomes.

Reverse thrust performance of the QCSEE variable pitch turbofan engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Samanich, N. E.; Reemsnyder, D. C.; Blodmer, H. E.

1980-01-01

Results of steady state reverse and forward to reverse thrust transient performance tests are presented. The original quiet, clean, short haul, experimental engine four segment variable fan nozzle was retested in reverse and compared with a continuous, 30 deg half angle conical exlet. Data indicated that the significantly more stable, higher pressure recovery flow with the fixed 30 deg exlet resulted in lower engine vibrations, lower fan blade stress, and approximately a 20 percent improvement in reverse thrust. Objective reverse thrust of 35 percent of takeoff thrust was reached. Thrust response of less than 1.5 sec was achieved for the approach and the takeoff to reverse thrust transients.

A blueprint for using climate change predictions in an eco-hydrological study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Caporali, E.; Fatichi, S.; Ivanov, V. Y.

2009-12-01

There is a growing interest to extend climate change predictions to smaller, catchment-size scales and identify their implications on hydrological and ecological processes. Small scale processes are, in fact, expected to mediate climate changes, producing local effects and feedbacks that can interact with the principal consequences of the change. This is particularly applicable, when a complex interaction, such as the inter-relationship between the hydrological cycle and vegetation dynamics, is considered. This study presents a blueprint methodology for studying climate change impacts, as inferred from climate models, on eco-hydrological dynamics at the catchment scale. Climate conditions, present or future, are imposed through input hydrometeorological variables for hydrological and eco-hydrological models. These variables are simulated with an hourly weather generator as an outcome of a stochastic downscaling technique. The generator is parameterized to reproduce the climate of southwestern Arizona for present (1961-2000) and future (2081-2100) conditions. The methodology provides the capability to generate ensemble realizations for the future that take into account the heterogeneous nature of climate predictions from different models. The generated time series of meteorological variables for the two scenarios corresponding to the current and mean expected future serve as input to a coupled hydrological and vegetation dynamics model, “Tethys-Chloris”. The hydrological model reproduces essential components of the land-surface hydrological cycle, solving the mass and energy budget equations. The vegetation model parsimoniously parameterizes essential plant life-cycle processes, including photosynthesis, phenology, carbon allocation, and tissue turnover. The results for the two mean scenarios are compared and discussed in terms of changes in the hydrological balance components, energy fluxes, and indices of vegetation productivity The need to account for uncertainties in projections of future climate is discussed and a methodology for propagating these uncertainties into the probability density functions of changes in eco-hydrological variables is presented.

11. Photocopy of blueprint (on file at La Grande District ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

11. Photocopy of blueprint (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1939 - Union Ranger District Compound, Guard Residence, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

10. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1958 - Union Ranger District Compound, Office, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

6. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service RANGERS RESIDENCE - Union Ranger Distric Compound, Rangers Residence, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

Strategic Priorities for Increasing Physical Activity Among Adults Age 50 and Older: The National Blueprint Consensus Conference Summary Report

PubMed Central

Sheppard, Lisa; Senior, Jane; Park, Chae Hee; Mockenhaupt, Robin; Bazzarre, Terry; Chodzko-Zajko, Wojtek

2003-01-01

On May 1, 2001, a coalition of national organizations released a major planning document designed to develop a national strategy for the promotion of physically active lifestyles among the mid-life and older adult population. The National Blueprint: Increasing Physical Activity Among Adults Age 50 and Older was developed with input from 46 organizations with expertise in health, medicine, social and behavioral sciences, epidemiology, gerontology/geriatrics, clinical science, public policy, marketing, medical systems, community organization, and environmental issues. The Blueprint notes that, despite a wealth of evidence about the benefits of physical activity for mid-life and older persons, there has been little success in convincing age 50+ Americans to adopt physically active lifestyles. The Blueprint identifies barriers in the areas of research, home and community programs, medical systems, public policy and advocacy, and marketing and communications. In addition to identifying barriers, the Blueprint proposes a number of concrete strategies that could be employed in order to overcome the barriers to physical activity in society at large. This report summarizes the outcome of the National Blueprint Consensus Conference that was held in October 2002. In this conference, representatives of more than 50 national organizations convened in Washington, D.C. with the goal of identifying high priority and high feasibility strategies which would advance the National Blueprint and which could be initiated within the next 12 to 24 months. Participants in the consensus conference were assigned to one of five breakout groups: home and community, marketing, medical systems, public policy, and research. Each breakout group was charged with identifying the three highest priority strategies within their area for effectively increasing physical activity levels in the mid-life and older adult population. In addition to the 15 strategies identified by the breakout groups, three "cross-cutting" strategies were added which were considered to be broad-based in scope and which applied to more than one of the breakout themes. A national organization was identified to take the lead in planning and implementing each strategy. A summary of the 18 strategies and lead organizations is presented. The National Blueprint Consensus Conference has identified an ambitious agenda of strategies and tactics that will need to be implemented in order to overcome societal barriers to physical activity among the mid-life and older adult population. More than 50 national organizations have expressed a commitment to work towards the implementation of the Blueprint agenda. Eighteen priority strategies have been identified in the areas of home and community, marketing, medical systems, public policy, and research. The organizations charged with the task of implementing the high priority strategies will use professional networks and established delivery channels and communication systems to translate this plan into action. PMID:24688279

Strategic priorities for increasing physical activity among adults age 50 and older: the national blueprint consensus conference summary report.

PubMed

Sheppard, Lisa; Senior, Jane; Park, Chae Hee; Mockenhaupt, Robin; Bazzarre, Terry; Chodzko-Zajko, Wojtek

2003-12-01

On May 1, 2001, a coalition of national organizations released a major planning document designed to develop a national strategy for the promotion of physically active lifestyles among the mid-life and older adult population. The National Blueprint: Increasing Physical Activity Among Adults Age 50 and Older was developed with input from 46 organizations with expertise in health, medicine, social and behavioral sciences, epidemiology, gerontology/geriatrics, clinical science, public policy, marketing, medical systems, community organization, and environmental issues. The Blueprint notes that, despite a wealth of evidence about the benefits of physical activity for mid-life and older persons, there has been little success in convincing age 50+ Americans to adopt physically active lifestyles. The Blueprint identifies barriers in the areas of research, home and community programs, medical systems, public policy and advocacy, and marketing and communications. In addition to identifying barriers, the Blueprint proposes a number of concrete strategies that could be employed in order to overcome the barriers to physical activity in society at large. This report summarizes the outcome of the National Blueprint Consensus Conference that was held in October 2002. In this conference, representatives of more than 50 national organizations convened in Washington, D.C. with the goal of identifying high priority and high feasibility strategies which would advance the National Blueprint and which could be initiated within the next 12 to 24 months. Participants in the consensus conference were assigned to one of five breakout groups: home and community, marketing, medical systems, public policy, and research. Each breakout group was charged with identifying the three highest priority strategies within their area for effectively increasing physical activity levels in the mid-life and older adult population. In addition to the 15 strategies identified by the breakout groups, three "cross-cutting" strategies were added which were considered to be broad-based in scope and which applied to more than one of the breakout themes. A national organization was identified to take the lead in planning and implementing each strategy. A summary of the 18 strategies and lead organizations is presented. The National Blueprint Consensus Conference has identified an ambitious agenda of strategies and tactics that will need to be implemented in order to overcome societal barriers to physical activity among the mid-life and older adult population. More than 50 national organizations have expressed a commitment to work towards the implementation of the Blueprint agenda. Eighteen priority strategies have been identified in the areas of home and community, marketing, medical systems, public policy, and research. The organizations charged with the task of implementing the high priority strategies will use professional networks and established delivery channels and communication systems to translate this plan into action.

Recording multiple spatially-heterodyned direct to digital holograms in one digital image

DOEpatents

Hanson, Gregory R [Clinton, TN; Bingham, Philip R [Knoxville, TN

2008-03-25

Systems and methods are described for recording multiple spatially-heterodyned direct to digital holograms in one digital image. A method includes digitally recording, at a first reference beam-object beam angle, a first spatially-heterodyned hologram including spatial heterodyne fringes for Fourier analysis; Fourier analyzing the recorded first spatially-heterodyned hologram by shifting a first original origin of the recorded first spatially-heterodyned hologram to sit on top of a first spatial-heterodyne carrier frequency defined by the first reference beam-object beam angle; digitally recording, at a second reference beam-object beam angle, a second spatially-heterodyned hologram including spatial heterodyne fringes for Fourier analysis; Fourier analyzing the recorded second spatially-heterodyned hologram by shifting a second original origin of the recorded second spatially-heterodyned hologram to sit on top of a second spatial-heterodyne carrier frequency defined by the second reference beam-object beam angle; applying a first digital filter to cut off signals around the first original origin and define a first result; performing a first inverse Fourier transform on the first result; applying a second digital filter to cut off signals around the second original origin and define a second result; and performing a second inverse Fourier transform on the second result, wherein the first reference beam-object beam angle is not equal to the second reference beam-object beam angle and a single digital image includes both the first spatially-heterodyned hologram and the second spatially-heterodyned hologram.

Comparison between medial rectus pulley fixation and augmented recession in children with convergence excess and variable-angle infantile esotropia.

PubMed

Fouad, Heba M; Abdelhakim, Mohamad A; Awadein, Ahmed; Elhilali, Hala

2016-10-01

To compare the outcomes of medial rectus (MR) muscle pulley fixation and augmented recession in children with convergence excess esotropia and variable-angle infantile esotropia. This was a prospective randomized interventional study in which children with convergence excess esotropia or variable-angle infantile esotropia were randomly allocated to either augmented MR muscle recession (augmented group) or MR muscle pulley posterior fixation (pulley group). In convergence excess, the MR recession was based on the average of distance and near angles of deviation with distance correction in the augmented group, and on the distance angle of deviation in the pulley group. In variable-angle infantile esotropia, the MR recession was based on the average of the largest and smallest angles in the augmented group and on the smallest angle in the pulley group. Pre- and postoperative ductions, versions, pattern strabismus, smallest and largest angles of deviation, and angle disparity were analyzed. Surgery was performed on 60 patients: 30 underwent bilateral augmented MR recession, and 30 underwent bilateral MR recession with pulley fixation. The success rate was statistically significantly higher (P = 0.037) in the pulley group (70%) than in the augmented group (40%). The postoperative smallest and largest angles and the angle disparity were statistically significantly lower in the pulley group than the augmented group (P < 0.01). Medial rectus muscle pulley fixation is a useful surgical step for addressing marked variability of the angle in variable angle esotropia and convergence excess esotropia. Copyright © 2016 American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

49 CFR Appendix B to Part 512 - General Class Determinations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CONFIDENTIAL BUSINESS INFORMATION Pt. 512, App. B... disclosed to the public: (1) Blueprints and engineering drawings containing process and production data where the subject could not be manufactured without the blueprints or engineering drawings except after...

49 CFR Appendix B to Part 512 - General Class Determinations

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION CONFIDENTIAL BUSINESS INFORMATION Pt. 512, App. B... disclosed to the public: (1) Blueprints and engineering drawings containing process and production data where the subject could not be manufactured without the blueprints or engineering drawings except after...

8. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1957 OFFICE ADDITION (SHEET 2) - Union Ranger District Compound, Office, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

Radiographic angles in hallux valgus: Comparison between protractor and iPhone measurements.

PubMed

Meng, Hong-Zheng; Zhang, Wei-Lin; Li, Xiu-Cheng; Yang, Mao-Wei

2015-08-01

Radiographic angles are used to assess the severity of hallux valgus deformity, make preoperative plans, evaluate outcomes after surgery, and compare results between different methods. Traditionally, hallux valgus angle (HVA) has been measured by using a protractor and a marker pen with hardcopy radiographs. The main objective of this study is to compare HVA measurements performed using a smartphone and a traditional protractor. The secondary objective was to compare the time taken between those two methods. Six observers measured major HVA on 20 radiographs of hallux valgus deformity with both a standard protractor and an Apple iPhone. Four of the observers repeated the measurements at least a week after the original measurements. The mean absolute difference between pairs of protractor and smartphone measurements was 3.2°. The 95% confidence intervals for intra-observer variability were ±3.1° for the smartphone measurement and ±3.2° for the protractor method. The 95% confidence intervals for inter-observer variability were ±9.1° for the smartphone measurement and ±9.6° for the protractor measurement. We conclude that the smartphone is equivalent to the protractor for the accuracy of HVA measurement. But, the time taken in smartphone measurement was also reduced. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Blueprint. Number 1

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

White, April D., Ed.

2008-01-01

This first issue of "Blueprint" focuses on standards that states have adopted to delineate what students should know at each grade level of the K-12 system. Textbooks, teacher training, professional development, and assessments are built upon education standards. To generate information that will help state leaders improve their…

A Blueprint for Success. Operation Rescue.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Foundation for the Improvement of Education, Washington, DC.

A set of principles that focus on issues concerning implementation of a successful dropout prevention program is presented by a consortium of national educational organizations. The key elements of this "blueprint" consider local adaptations and effective results among various programs. The booklet discusses seven principles for dropout…

10. Photocopy of heating and electrical blueprint (on file at ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. Photocopy of heating and electrical blueprint (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1939 GUARD RESIDENCE - Union Ranger District Compound, Guard Residence, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

7. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1936 THREE-ROOM OFFICE (SHEET 5) - Union Ranger District Compound, Office, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

5. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1938 WAREHOUSE (SHEET 2 OF 2) - Union Ranger District Compound, Warehouse, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

4. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1938 WAREHOUSE (SHEET 1 OF 2) - Union Ranger District Compound, Warehouse, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

4. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1939 OIL AND GAS BUILDING - Union Ranger District Compound, Oil & Gas House, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

3. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1936 RANGERS RESIDENCE, GARAGE - Union Ranger District Compound, Garage-Rangers Residence, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

6. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1936 THREE-ROOM OFFICE (SHEET 4) - Union Ranger District Compound, Office, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

Improving Support for America's Hidden Heroes: A Research Blueprint.

PubMed

Terri, Tanielian; Kathryn E, Bouskill; Rajeev, Ramchand; Esther M, Friedman; Thomas E, Trail; Angela, Clague

2018-01-01

The United States is home to more than 21 million veterans, many of whom deployed to support combat operations around the globe during their military service and sustained service-related conditions or disabilities. Supporting these wounded, ill, and injured warriors once home are millions of informal caregivers-individuals who provide unpaid support with activities that enable the service member or veteran to live in a noninstitutionalized setting. In this study, researchers describe elements of a research blueprint to inform future efforts to improve support for military and veteran caregivers. To construct this blueprint, researchers inventoried currently available research on caregiving for disabled adults and children and gathered stakeholder input by conducting a survey and facilitating an online panel. The study highlights the need for more studies that examine how military and veteran caregiver needs evolve over time, how programs are working, and how caregiving affects specific subgroups. The resulting blueprint should serve as a guide for the caregiver support community to use in prioritizing and facilitating future research.

A Blueprint for Genomic Nursing Science

PubMed Central

Calzone, Kathleen A.; Jenkins, Jean; Bakos, Alexis D.; Cashion, Ann; Donaldson, Nancy; Feero, Greg; Feetham, Suzanne; Grady, Patricia A.; Hinshaw, Ada Sue; Knebel, Ann R.; Robinson, Nellie; Ropka, Mary E.; Seibert, Diane; Stevens, Kathleen R.; Tully, Lois A.; Webb, Jo Ann

2012-01-01

Purpose This article reports on recommendations arising from an invitational workshop series held at the National Institutes of Health for the purposes of identifying critical genomics problems important to the health of the public that can be addressed through nursing science. The overall purpose of the Genomic Nursing State of the Science Initiative is to establish a nursing research blueprint based on gaps in the evidence and expert evaluation of the current state of the science and through public comment. Organizing Constructs A Genomic Nursing State of the Science Advisory Panel was convened in 2012 to develop the nursing research blueprint. The Advisory Panel, which met via two webinars and two in-person meetings, considered existing evidence from evidence reviews, testimony from key stakeholder groups, presentations from experts in research synthesis, and public comment. Findings The genomic nursing science blueprint arising from the Genomic Nursing State of Science Advisory Panel focuses on biologic plausibility studies as well as interventions likely to improve a variety of outcomes (e.g., clinical, economic, environmental). It also includes all care settings and diverse populations. The focus is on (a) the client, defined as person, family, community, or population; (b) the context, targeting informatics support systems, capacity building, education, and environmental influences; and (c) cross-cutting themes. It was agreed that building capacity to measure the impact of nursing actions on costs, quality, and outcomes of patient care is a strategic and scientific priority if findings are to be synthesized and aggregated to inform practice and policy. Conclusions The genomic nursing science blueprint provides the framework for furthering genomic nursing science to improve health outcomes. This blueprint is an independent recommendation of the Advisory Panel with input from the public and is not a policy statement of the National Institutes of Health or the federal government. Clinical Relevance This genomic nursing science blueprint targets research to build the evidence base to inform integration of genomics into nursing practice and regulation (such as nursing licensure requirements, institutional accreditation, and academic nursing school accreditation). PMID:23368636

Renal artery origins: best angiographic projection angles.

PubMed

Verschuyl, E J; Kaatee, R; Beek, F J; Patel, N H; Fontaine, A B; Daly, C P; Coldwell, D M; Bush, W H; Mali, W P

1997-10-01

To determine the best projection angles for imaging the renal artery origins in profile. A mathematical model of the anatomy at the renal artery origins in the transverse plane was used to analyze the amount of aortic lumen that projects over the renal artery origins at various projection angles. Computed tomographic (CT) angiographic data about the location of 400 renal artery origins in 200 patients were statistically analyzed. In patients with an abdominal aortic diameter no larger than 3.0 cm, approximately 0.5 mm of the proximal part of the renal artery and origin may be hidden from view if there is a projection error of +/-10 degrees from the ideal image. A combination of anteroposterior and 20 degrees and 40 degrees left anterior oblique projections resulted in a 92% yield of images that adequately profiled the renal artery origins. Right anterior oblique projections resulted in the least useful images. An error in projection angle of +/-10 degrees is acceptable for angiographic imaging of the renal artery origins. Patients sex, site of interest (left or right artery), and local diameter of the abdominal aorta are important factors to consider.

Reliability Coupled Sensitivity Based Design Approach for Gravity Retaining Walls

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guha Ray, A.; Baidya, D. K.

2012-09-01

Sensitivity analysis involving different random variables and different potential failure modes of a gravity retaining wall focuses on the fact that high sensitivity of a particular variable on a particular mode of failure does not necessarily imply a remarkable contribution to the overall failure probability. The present paper aims at identifying a probabilistic risk factor ( R f ) for each random variable based on the combined effects of failure probability ( P f ) of each mode of failure of a gravity retaining wall and sensitivity of each of the random variables on these failure modes. P f is calculated by Monte Carlo simulation and sensitivity analysis of each random variable is carried out by F-test analysis. The structure, redesigned by modifying the original random variables with the risk factors, is safe against all the variations of random variables. It is observed that R f for friction angle of backfill soil ( φ 1 ) increases and cohesion of foundation soil ( c 2 ) decreases with an increase of variation of φ 1 , while R f for unit weights ( γ 1 and γ 2 ) for both soil and friction angle of foundation soil ( φ 2 ) remains almost constant for variation of soil properties. The results compared well with some of the existing deterministic and probabilistic methods and found to be cost-effective. It is seen that if variation of φ 1 remains within 5 %, significant reduction in cross-sectional area can be achieved. But if the variation is more than 7-8 %, the structure needs to be modified. Finally design guidelines for different wall dimensions, based on the present approach, are proposed.

The sleep slow oscillation as a traveling wave.

PubMed

Massimini, Marcello; Huber, Reto; Ferrarelli, Fabio; Hill, Sean; Tononi, Giulio

2004-08-04

During much of sleep, virtually all cortical neurons undergo a slow oscillation (<1 Hz) in membrane potential, cycling from a hyperpolarized state of silence to a depolarized state of intense firing. This slow oscillation is the fundamental cellular phenomenon that organizes other sleep rhythms such as spindles and slow waves. Using high-density electroencephalogram recordings in humans, we show here that each cycle of the slow oscillation is a traveling wave. Each wave originates at a definite site and travels over the scalp at an estimated speed of 1.2-7.0 m/sec. Waves originate more frequently in prefrontal-orbitofrontal regions and propagate in an anteroposterior direction. Their rate of occurrence increases progressively reaching almost once per second as sleep deepens. The pattern of origin and propagation of sleep slow oscillations is reproducible across nights and subjects and provides a blueprint of cortical excitability and connectivity. The orderly propagation of correlated activity along connected pathways may play a role in spike timing-dependent synaptic plasticity during sleep.

9 CFR 108.5 - Preparation of legends.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 108.5 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF.... Legends shall be provided for each plot plan and each blueprint or drawing. All pages of the legends shall be numbered, identified with corresponding plot plan or blueprint, and submitted in booklet form...

77 FR 12859 - National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-02

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of...: A Blueprint for Transforming Prevention, Care, Education, and Research and a review of information... Blueprint for Transforming Prevention, Care, Education, and Research and a review of information gathered on...

36 CFR 13.161 - Permit application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Section 13.161 Parks, Forests, and Public Property NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR... blueprint, sketch or photograph of the cabin or structure; (d) A map that shows the geographic location of... cabin or structure. All information may be provided orally except the cabin blueprint, sketch or...

Blueprints for a Collaborative Classroom.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

1997

This book provides guidelines and suggested activities for collaborative learning for elementary grade students with a variety of abilities and disabilities. It is based on experiences at the Developmental Studies Center (Oakland, California). Activities are presented as blueprint formats that provide a comprehensive set of structures which can be…

7. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1938 GUARD RESIDENCE (SHEET 2 OF 4) - Union Ranger District Compound, Guard Residence, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

9. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1938 GUARD RESIDENCE (SHEET 4 OF 4) - Union Ranger District Compound, Guard Residence, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

6. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at the La ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at the La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1938 GUARD RESIDENCE (SHEET 1 OF 4) - Union Ranger District Compound, Guard Residence, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

8. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. Photocopy of architectural blueprint (on file at La Grande District Office, La Grande, Oregon) USDA Forest Service, 1938 GUARD RESIDENCE (SHEET 3 OF 4) - Union Ranger District Compound, Guard Residence, Fronting State Highway 203, at West edge of Union, Union, Union County, OR

Analysis of speckle and material properties in laider tracer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ross, Jacob W.; Rigling, Brian D.; Watson, Edward A.

2017-04-01

The SAL simulation tool Laider Tracer models speckle: the random variation in intensity of an incident light beam across a rough surface. Within Laider Tracer, the speckle field is modeled as a 2-D array of jointly Gaussian random variables projected via ray tracing onto the scene of interest. Originally, all materials in Laider Tracer were treated as ideal diffuse scatterers, for which the far-field return computed uses the Lambertian Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF). As presented here, we implement material properties into Laider Tracer via the Non-conventional Exploitation Factors Data System: a database of properties for thousands of different materials sampled at various wavelengths and incident angles. We verify the intensity behavior as a function of incident angle after material properties are added to the simulation.

Comparison of different parameters for recording sagittal maxillo mandibular relation using natural head posture: A cephalometric study

PubMed Central

Singh, Ashish Kumar; Ganeshkar, Sanjay V.; Mehrotra, Praveen; Bhagchandani, Jitendra

2013-01-01

Background: Commonly used parameters for anteroposterior assessment of the jaw relationship includes several analyses such as ANB, NA-Pog, AB-NPog, Wits appraisal, Harvold's unit length difference, Beta angle. Considering the fact that there are several parameters (with different range and values) which account for sagittal relation, and still the published literature for comparisons and correlation of these measurements is scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study was to correlate these values in subjects of Indian origin. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of fifty adult individuals (age group 18-26 years) with equal number of males and females. The selection criteria included subjects with no previous history of orthodontic and/or orthognathic surgical treatment; orthognathic facial profile; Angle's Class I molar relation; clinical Frankfort Mandibular plane angle FMA of 30±5° and no gross facial asymmetry. The cephalograms were taken in natural head position (NHP). Seven sagittal skeletal parameters were measured in the cephalograms and subjected to statistical evaluation with Wits reading on the true horizontal as reference. A correlation coefficient analysis was done to assess the significance of association between these variables. Results: ANB angle showed statistically significant correlation for the total sample, though the values were insignificant for the individual groups and therefore may not be very accurate. Wits appraisal was seen to have a significant correlation only in the female sample group. Conclusions: If cephalograms cannot be recorded in a NHP, then the best indicator for recording A-P skeletal dimension would be angle AB-NPog, followed by Harvold's unit length difference. However, considering biologic variability, more than one reading should necessarily be used to verify the same. PMID:24987638

Development of reaching during mid-childhood from a Developmental Systems perspective.

PubMed

Golenia, Laura; Schoemaker, Marina M; Otten, Egbert; Mouton, Leonora J; Bongers, Raoul M

2018-01-01

Inspired by the Developmental Systems perspective, we studied the development of reaching during mid-childhood (5-10 years of age) not just at the performance level (i.e., endpoint movements), as commonly done in earlier studies, but also at the joint angle level. Because the endpoint position (i.e., the tip of the index finger) at the reaching target can be achieved with multiple joint angle combinations, we partitioned variability in joint angles over trials into variability that does not (goal-equivalent variability, GEV) and that does (non-goal-equivalent variability, NGEV) influence the endpoint position, using the Uncontrolled Manifold method. Quantifying this structure in joint angle variability allowed us to examine whether and how spatial variability of the endpoint at the reaching target is related to variability in joint angles and how this changes over development. 6-, 8- and 10-year-old children and young adults performed reaching movements to a target with the index finger. Polynomial trend analysis revealed a linear and a quadratic decreasing trend for the variable error. Linear decreasing and cubic trends were found for joint angle standard deviations at movement end. GEV and NGEV decreased gradually with age, but interestingly, the decrease of GEV was steeper than the decrease of NGEV, showing that the different parts of the joint angle variability changed differently over age. We interpreted these changes in the structure of variability as indicating changes over age in exploration for synergies (a family of task solutions), a concept that links the performance level with the joint angle level. Our results suggest changes in the search for synergies during mid-childhood development.

Measuring individual differences in responses to date-rape vignettes using latent variable models.

PubMed

Tuliao, Antover P; Hoffman, Lesa; McChargue, Dennis E

2017-01-01

Vignette methodology can be a flexible and powerful way to examine individual differences in response to dangerous real-life scenarios. However, most studies underutilize the usefulness of such methodology by analyzing only one outcome, which limits the ability to track event-related changes (e.g., vacillation in risk perception). The current study was designed to illustrate the dynamic influence of risk perception on exit point from a date-rape vignette. Our primary goal was to provide an illustrative example of how to use latent variable models for vignette methodology, including latent growth curve modeling with piecewise slopes, as well as latent variable measurement models. Through the combination of a step-by-step exposition in this text and corresponding model syntax available electronically, we detail an alternative statistical "blueprint" to enhance future violence research efforts using vignette methodology. Aggr. Behav. 43:60-73, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Blueprint for Change in Ohio: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Utah: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Mississippi: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Florida: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Maryland: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Louisiana: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in South Dakota: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Massachusetts: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Illinois: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Nevada: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Iowa: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Washington: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Alabama: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in North Dakota: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Michigan: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in North Carolina: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Idaho's Blueprint for Early Learning: "The Essential Elements."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wheeler, Myrl, Ed.

Designed to provide information related to quality early care and education services for providers, policy makers, and clients in Idaho, This "blueprint" outlines the nine essential elements for best practices in early care and education settings. The document is presented in three parts. Part 1 delineates standards and indicators in…

Test Specifications and Blueprints: Reality and Expectations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

AlFallay, Ibrahim S.

2018-01-01

This study investigates to what extend do teachers of English as a school subject (ESS) in Saudi schools follow recommendations and guidelines suggested by language testing specialists in developing tables of specifications and preparing blueprints to their formative and summative language tests. To answer the study questions, a thirteen-statement…

Psychology Practice: Design for Tomorrow

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goodheart, Carol D.

2011-01-01

This article offers a blueprint for modernizing the delivery of high-quality behavioral health care and for improving access to care by a public sorely in need of psychological services. The blueprint brings together disparate elements of psychology practice into a more unified structure, an updated house, based upon advances in the essential…

46 CFR 2.90-1 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false General requirements. 2.90-1 Section 2.90-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY PROCEDURES APPLICABLE TO THE PUBLIC VESSEL INSPECTIONS Plans, Drawings or Blueprints § 2.90-1 General requirements. (a) Drawings, blueprints or plans showing...

21. Photocopied from blueprint, Olmstead Station Miscellaneous Drawings Folder, Engineering ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

21. Photocopied from blueprint, Olmstead Station Miscellaneous Drawings Folder, Engineering Department, Utah Power & Light Co., Salt Lake City, Utah. 'STATION GROUNDS, TELLURIDE POWER CO., PROVO, UTAH.' MAP,1903. - Telluride Power Company, Olmsted Hydroelectric Plant, mouth of Provo River Canyon West of U.S. Route 189, Orem, Utah County, UT

Blueprint for Change in Minnesota: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Pennsylvania: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

The Blueprint for Life/Work Designs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jarvis, Phil; Richardt, Joan

The "Blueprint" is a common framework of career development competencies that students and adults anywhere in Canada or the United States need to master in order to be successful and self-reliant in planning and managing their careers in a rapidly changing, knowledge-age labor market. A practical resource designed for career…

Prescribing Roles in the Employability of Malaysian Graduates

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yoong, David; Don, Zuraidah Mohd; Foroutan, Maryam

2017-01-01

In order to address the problems of graduate employability in Malaysia, the Malaysian Government produced in 2012, the "National Graduate Employability Blueprint" 2012-2017. In addition to setting out in detail the government's philosophy and vision, the blueprint identifies key players who are expected to play crucial roles in making…

The Value of the "Blueprint" Festival

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cawley-Gelling, India; Hyland, Steven; McCarron-Roberts, Connah; Noor, Sufea Mohamad; Morrissey, Ruth

2015-01-01

"Blueprint" was a three-day festival which took place at Tate Liverpool in July 2014 and was organised and produced by Tate Collective Liverpool, as part of "Circuit", a four-year national programme connecting 15-25 year olds to the arts. "Circuit" aims to be open, reflective and critical and bring about…

Tests Loom for ESEA in Congress

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Klein, Alyson

2010-01-01

As policymakers and education advocates await details on how the Obama administration plans to move forward with its recently unveiled blueprint for reauthorizing the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, the chances of an ESEA renewal this year remain tough to gauge. Although the principles underlying the blueprint have drawn praise in many…

Blueprint for Change in Hawaii: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Texas: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Idaho: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in New Hampshire: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Arizona: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in New Mexico: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Wisconsin: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Montana: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Arkansas: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Kansas: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in West Virginia: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Vermont: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Oregon: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in South Carolina: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Alaska: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

Blueprint for Change in Wyoming: State Teacher Policy Yearbook, 2010

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Teacher Quality, 2010

2010-01-01

The 2009 "State Teacher Policy Yearbook" provided a comprehensive review of states' policies that impact the teaching profession. As a companion to last year's comprehensive state-by-state analysis, the 2010 edition provides each state with an individualized "Blueprint for Change," building off last year's "Yearbook"…

A Blueprint for Effectively Using RTI Intervention Block Time

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Higgins Averill, Orla; Baker, Diana; Rinaldi, Claudia

2014-01-01

Many schools have adopted schoolwide intervention blocks as a component of response-to-intervention (RTI) implementation to ensure that students who need intervention are receiving it. However, virtually no peer-reviewed guidance exists for helping teachers manage this time effectively. This article presents a blueprint for organizing intervention…

The SU(2) action-angle variables

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ellinas, Demosthenes

1993-01-01

Operator angle-action variables are studied in the frame of the SU(2) algebra, and their eigenstates and coherent states are discussed. The quantum mechanical addition of action-angle variables is shown to lead to a noncommutative Hopf algebra. The group contraction is used to make the connection with the harmonic oscillator.

The hysteretic evapotranspiration - vapor pressure deficit relation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Q.; Manzoni, S.; Katul, G. G.; Porporato, A. M.; Yang, D.

2013-12-01

Diurnal hysteresis between evapotranspiration (ET) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) was reported in many ecosystems but justification for its onset and magnitude remain incomplete with biotic and abiotic factors invoked as possible explanations. To place these explanations within a mathematical framework, ';rate-dependent' hysteresis originating from a phase angle difference between periodic input and output time series is first considered. Lysimeter evaporation (E) measurements from wet bare soils and model calculations using the Penman equation demonstrate that the E-VPD hysteresis emerges without any biotic effects due to a phase angle difference (or time lag) between net radiation the main driver of E, and VPD. Modulations originating from biotic effects on the ET-VPD hysteresis were then considered. The phase angle difference representation earlier employed was mathematically transformed into a storage problem and applied to the soil-plant system. The transformed system shows that soil moisture storage within the root zone can produce an ET-VPD hysteresis prototypical of those generated by phase-angle differences. To explore the interplay between all the lags in the soil-plant-atmosphere system and phase angle differences among forcing and response variables, a detailed soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC) model was developed and applied to a grassland ecosystem. The results of the SPAC model suggest that the hysteresis magnitude depends on the radiation-VPD lag. The soil moisture dry-down simulations also suggest that modeled root water potential and leaf water potential are both better indicators of the hysteresis magnitude than soil moisture, suggesting that plant water status is the main factor regulating the hysteretic relation between ET and VPD. Hence, the genesis and magnitude of the ET-VPD hysteresis are controlled directly by both biotic factors and abiotic factors such as time lag between radiation and VPD originating from boundary layer processes. Measured eddy covariance evapotranspiration (ET) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) time series normalized by their maximum values collected in a grassland ecosystem. The magnitude of the hysteresis is quantified as the area enveloped by the ET-VPD relation (Ahys). The arrows together with time ticks indicate the progression of the diurnal cycle from sunrise to sunset.

Contact angle adjustment in equation-of-state-based pseudopotential model.

PubMed

Hu, Anjie; Li, Longjian; Uddin, Rizwan; Liu, Dong

2016-05-01

The single component pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann model has been widely applied in multiphase simulation due to its simplicity and stability. In many studies, it has been claimed that this model can be stable for density ratios larger than 1000. However, the application of the model is still limited to small density ratios when the contact angle is considered. The reason is that the original contact angle adjustment method influences the stability of the model. Moreover, simulation results in the present work show that, by applying the original contact angle adjustment method, the density distribution near the wall is artificially changed, and the contact angle is dependent on the surface tension. Hence, it is very inconvenient to apply this method with a fixed contact angle, and the accuracy of the model cannot be guaranteed. To solve these problems, a contact angle adjustment method based on the geometry analysis is proposed and numerically compared with the original method. Simulation results show that, with our contact angle adjustment method, the stability of the model is highly improved when the density ratio is relatively large, and it is independent of the surface tension.

Contact angle adjustment in equation-of-state-based pseudopotential model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, Anjie; Li, Longjian; Uddin, Rizwan; Liu, Dong

2016-05-01

The single component pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann model has been widely applied in multiphase simulation due to its simplicity and stability. In many studies, it has been claimed that this model can be stable for density ratios larger than 1000. However, the application of the model is still limited to small density ratios when the contact angle is considered. The reason is that the original contact angle adjustment method influences the stability of the model. Moreover, simulation results in the present work show that, by applying the original contact angle adjustment method, the density distribution near the wall is artificially changed, and the contact angle is dependent on the surface tension. Hence, it is very inconvenient to apply this method with a fixed contact angle, and the accuracy of the model cannot be guaranteed. To solve these problems, a contact angle adjustment method based on the geometry analysis is proposed and numerically compared with the original method. Simulation results show that, with our contact angle adjustment method, the stability of the model is highly improved when the density ratio is relatively large, and it is independent of the surface tension.

Blueprint for Tomorrow: Redesigning Schools for Student-Centered Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nair, Prakash

2014-01-01

The United States has about $2 trillion tied up in aging school facilities. School districts throughout the country spend about $12 billion every year keeping this infrastructure going. Yet almost all of the new money we pour into school facilities reinforces an existing--and obsolete--model of schooling. In "Blueprint for Tomorrow,"…

9 CFR 354.34 - Application for inspection service in official plants; approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... shall be clearly indicated thereon. (4) The sheets of paper on which drawings or blueprints are made... so designated on the drawings or blueprints). (7) All steam and hot and cold water outlets for..., if so, specify such uses. (10) Hot water facilities—specify facilities such as boilers, storage tanks...

9 CFR 354.34 - Application for inspection service in official plants; approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... shall be clearly indicated thereon. (4) The sheets of paper on which drawings or blueprints are made... so designated on the drawings or blueprints). (7) All steam and hot and cold water outlets for..., if so, specify such uses. (10) Hot water facilities—specify facilities such as boilers, storage tanks...

9 CFR 354.34 - Application for inspection service in official plants; approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... shall be clearly indicated thereon. (4) The sheets of paper on which drawings or blueprints are made... so designated on the drawings or blueprints). (7) All steam and hot and cold water outlets for..., if so, specify such uses. (10) Hot water facilities—specify facilities such as boilers, storage tanks...

9 CFR 354.34 - Application for inspection service in official plants; approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... shall be clearly indicated thereon. (4) The sheets of paper on which drawings or blueprints are made... so designated on the drawings or blueprints). (7) All steam and hot and cold water outlets for..., if so, specify such uses. (10) Hot water facilities—specify facilities such as boilers, storage tanks...

Creating an LNG Ready Worker: British Columbia's Blueprint for Extraction Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walker, Judith

2018-01-01

Since 2011, the government of British Columbia (BC) has focused on building the Canadian province's economy through the development of a Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) sector. In service of this endeavour, the government launched the "Skills for Jobs Blueprint," which attempts to more clearly align BC's education system with resource…

A Blueprint for Reform. The Reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

US Department of Education, 2010

2010-01-01

On Saturday, March 13, the Obama administration released its blueprint for revising the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), which would ask states to adopt college- and career-ready standards and reward schools for producing dramatic gains in student achievement. The proposal challenges the nation to embrace educational standards that…

Character Education by Design: A Blueprint for Successful District and School Initiatives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maryland State Department of Education, 2007

2007-01-01

Designed for district- and school-level character education committees, "Character Education by Design: A Blueprint for Successful District and School Initiatives" is a how-to guide for developing an effective character education initiative, one that will not only enhance the climate of the school and social behavior of the students, but…

A Blueprint for the Future: Corporate Plan, 1995-2000.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aurora Coll., Fort Smith (Northwest Territories).

Providing a blueprint for the future of Aurora College (AC), in the Northwest Territories, Canada, this plan describes general directions and strategies for the period from 1995 to 2000. Following a summary, section 1 provides background to the development of the plan, while section 2 provides information on the college, including data on students…

Governance for a New Era: A Blueprint for Higher Education Trustees

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schmidt, Benno C.

2014-01-01

"Governance for a New Era: A Blueprint for Higher Education Governance," is the product of a summit facilitated by ACTA [American Council of Trustees and Alumni] and chaired by Benno Schmidt, City University of New York Board chairman. Signatories to the statement, a diverse group of 22 distinguished national leaders, include college…

Evaluation Blueprint for School-Wide Positive Behavior Support

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Algozzine, Bob; Horner, Robert H.; Sugai, George; Barrett, Susan; Dickey, Celeste Rossetto; Eber, Lucille; Kincaid, Donald; Lewis, Timothy; Tobin, Tary

2010-01-01

Evaluation is the process of collecting and using information for decision-making. A hallmark of School-wide Positive Behavior Support (SWPBS) is a commitment to formal evaluation. The purpose of this SWPBS Evaluation Blueprint is to provide those involved in developing Evaluation Plans and Evaluation Reports with a framework for (a) addressing…

Visions for the Catholic School: Blueprints Reader. Volume I, 1985.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alberta Catholic School Trustees' Association, Edmonton.

Designed to provide literature about the Alberta Catholic education community, this collection of six essays discusses Blueprints, a nickname for a process to develop programming for the future mission and ministry of the Alberta Catholic schools. The essays cover the following topics: Our History, Our Future (by Robert Carney); Christian Unity…

States and Their Struggles with NCLB: Does the Obama Blueprint Get It Right?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berry, Kimberly Scriven; Herrington, Carolyn D.

2011-01-01

This article analyzes challenges states identify in implementing No Child Left Behind (NCLB) with the Obama administration's proposals for Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) reauthorization. Drawing upon information from six states, this study shows that the Obama administration Blueprint for Reauthorization of ESEA responds to a number…

San Diego Schools Set a New Agenda after Backlash

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sparks, Sarah D.

2010-01-01

Ten years after the San Diego school district gained national attention for its short-lived "Blueprint for Student Success," a crowd of district officials last week rolled out a new improvement plan that is almost the opposite of its controversial predecessor. The city's blueprint reforms--largely dismantled after a charismatic and…

Variation of M···H-C Interactions in Square-Planar Complexes of Nickel(II), Palladium(II), and Platinum(II) Probed by Luminescence Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction at Variable Pressure.

PubMed

Poirier, Stéphanie; Lynn, Hudson; Reber, Christian; Tailleur, Elodie; Marchivie, Mathieu; Guionneau, Philippe; Probert, Michael R

2018-06-12

Luminescence spectra of isoelectronic square-planar d 8 complexes with 3d, 4d, and 5d metal centers show d-d luminescence with an energetic order different from that of the spectrochemical series, indicating that additional structural effects, such as different ligand-metal-ligand angles, are important factors. Variable-pressure luminescence spectra of square-planar nickel(II), palladium(II), and platinum(II) complexes with dimethyldithiocarbamate ({CH 3 } 2 DTC) ligands and their deuterated analogues show unexpected variations of the shifts of their maxima. High-resolution crystal structures and crystal structures at variable pressure for [Pt{(CH 3 ) 2 DTC} 2 ] indicate that intermolecular M···H-C interactions are at the origin of these different shifts.

Exploring a possible origin of a 14 deg y-normal spin tilt at RHIC polarimeter

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Meot, F.; Huang, H.

2015-06-15

A possible origin of a 14 deg y-normal spin n → 0 tilt at the polarimeter is in snake angle defects. This possible cause is investigated by scanning the snake axis angle µ, and the spin rotation angle at the snake, φ, in the vicinity of their nominal values.

Pertuzumab/Trastuzumab/CT Versus Trastuzumab/CT Therapy for HER2+ Breast Cancer: Results from the Prospective Neoadjuvant Breast Registry Symphony Trial (NBRST).

PubMed

Beitsch, Peter; Whitworth, Pat; Baron, Paul; Rotkis, Michael C; Mislowsky, Angela M; Richards, Paul D; Murray, Mary K; Pellicane, James V; Dul, Carrie L; Nash, Charles H; Stork-Sloots, Lisette; de Snoo, Femke; Untch, Sarah; Lee, Laura A

2017-09-01

Pertuzumab became a standard part of neoadjuvant therapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) breast cancers approximately halfway through Neoadjuvant Breast Registry Symphony Trial (NBRST) enrollment, providing a unique opportunity to determine biologically which clinical HER2+ patients benefit most from dual targeting. As a neoadjuvant phase 4 study, NBRST classifies patients by both conventional and molecular subtyping. Of 308 clinical HER2+ patients enrolled in NBRST between 2011 and 2014 from 62 U.S. institutions, 297 received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) with HER2-targeted therapy and underwent surgery. This study compared the pathologic complete response (pCR) rate of BluePrint versus clinical subtypes with treatment, specifically differences between trastuzumab (T) treatment and trastuzumab and pertuzumab (T/P) treatment. In this study, 60% of the patients received NCT-T, and 40% received NCT-T/P. The overall pCR rate (ypT0/isN0) was 47%. BluePrint classified 161 tumors (54%) as HER2 type, with a pCR rate of 65%. This was significantly higher than the pCR rate for the 91 HER2+ tumors (31%) classified as luminal (18%) (p = 0.00001) and the 45 tumors (15%) classified as basal (44%) (p = 0.0166). The patients treated with T/P had higher pCR rates than those treated with trastuzumab alone. The difference was most pronounced in the BluePrint luminal patients (8 vs. 31%). The highest pCR was reached by the BluePrint HER2-type patients treated with T/P (76%). The addition of pertuzumab leads to increased pCR rates for all HER2+ patient groups except for the BluePrint basal-type patients. This better response was most pronounced for the BluePrint luminal-type patients.

Emerging trends in global freshwater availability.

PubMed

Rodell, M; Famiglietti, J S; Wiese, D N; Reager, J T; Beaudoing, H K; Landerer, F W; Lo, M-H

2018-05-01

Freshwater availability is changing worldwide. Here we quantify 34 trends in terrestrial water storage observed by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites during 2002-2016 and categorize their drivers as natural interannual variability, unsustainable groundwater consumption, climate change or combinations thereof. Several of these trends had been lacking thorough investigation and attribution, including massive changes in northwestern China and the Okavango Delta. Others are consistent with climate model predictions. This observation-based assessment of how the world's water landscape is responding to human impacts and climate variations provides a blueprint for evaluating and predicting emerging threats to water and food security.

Efficient least angle regression for identification of linear-in-the-parameters models

PubMed Central

Beach, Thomas H.; Rezgui, Yacine

2017-01-01

Least angle regression, as a promising model selection method, differentiates itself from conventional stepwise and stagewise methods, in that it is neither too greedy nor too slow. It is closely related to L1 norm optimization, which has the advantage of low prediction variance through sacrificing part of model bias property in order to enhance model generalization capability. In this paper, we propose an efficient least angle regression algorithm for model selection for a large class of linear-in-the-parameters models with the purpose of accelerating the model selection process. The entire algorithm works completely in a recursive manner, where the correlations between model terms and residuals, the evolving directions and other pertinent variables are derived explicitly and updated successively at every subset selection step. The model coefficients are only computed when the algorithm finishes. The direct involvement of matrix inversions is thereby relieved. A detailed computational complexity analysis indicates that the proposed algorithm possesses significant computational efficiency, compared with the original approach where the well-known efficient Cholesky decomposition is involved in solving least angle regression. Three artificial and real-world examples are employed to demonstrate the effectiveness, efficiency and numerical stability of the proposed algorithm. PMID:28293140

Genome-wide analysis of differential transcriptional and epigenetic variability across human immune cell types.

PubMed

Ecker, Simone; Chen, Lu; Pancaldi, Vera; Bagger, Frederik O; Fernández, José María; Carrillo de Santa Pau, Enrique; Juan, David; Mann, Alice L; Watt, Stephen; Casale, Francesco Paolo; Sidiropoulos, Nikos; Rapin, Nicolas; Merkel, Angelika; Stunnenberg, Hendrik G; Stegle, Oliver; Frontini, Mattia; Downes, Kate; Pastinen, Tomi; Kuijpers, Taco W; Rico, Daniel; Valencia, Alfonso; Beck, Stephan; Soranzo, Nicole; Paul, Dirk S

2017-01-26

A healthy immune system requires immune cells that adapt rapidly to environmental challenges. This phenotypic plasticity can be mediated by transcriptional and epigenetic variability. We apply a novel analytical approach to measure and compare transcriptional and epigenetic variability genome-wide across CD14 + CD16 - monocytes, CD66b + CD16 + neutrophils, and CD4 + CD45RA + naïve T cells from the same 125 healthy individuals. We discover substantially increased variability in neutrophils compared to monocytes and T cells. In neutrophils, genes with hypervariable expression are found to be implicated in key immune pathways and are associated with cellular properties and environmental exposure. We also observe increased sex-specific gene expression differences in neutrophils. Neutrophil-specific DNA methylation hypervariable sites are enriched at dynamic chromatin regions and active enhancers. Our data highlight the importance of transcriptional and epigenetic variability for the key role of neutrophils as the first responders to inflammatory stimuli. We provide a resource to enable further functional studies into the plasticity of immune cells, which can be accessed from: http://blueprint-dev.bioinfo.cnio.es/WP10/hypervariability .

A Conceptual Approach to the Problem of Action-Angle Variables

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zung, Nguyen Tien

2018-02-01

In this paper we develop a general conceptual approach to the problem of existence of action-angle variables for dynamical systems, which establishes and uses the fundamental conservation property of associated torus actions: anything which is preserved by the system is also preserved by the associated torus actions. This approach allows us to obtain, among other things: (a) the shortest and most easy-to-understand conceptual proof of the classical Arnold-Liouville-Mineur theorem; (b) basically all known results in the literature about the existence of action-angle variables in various contexts can be recovered in a unifying way, with simple proofs, using our approach; (c) new results on action-angle variables in many different contexts, including systems on contact manifolds, systems on presymplectic and Dirac manifolds, action-angle variables near singularities, stochastic systems, and so on. Even when there are no natural action variables, our approach still leads to useful normal forms for dynamical systems, which are not necessarily integrable.

8. Photocopy of architectural drawing (from blueprint at Fort Myer ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. Photocopy of architectural drawing (from blueprint at Fort Myer Engineer Activity) 'Double set of Non-Commissioned Officers Qrs.' Quartermaster Generals Office, sheets 2 and 3, standard plan 23, June 1891, Lithographed on linen architectural drawing. 1 PLAN, 3 ELEVATIONS - Fort Myer, Non-Commissioned Officers Quarters, Washington Avenue between Johnson Lane & Custer Road, Arlington, Arlington County, VA

19. BLUEPRINT, RR BRIDGE MISSISSIPPI, CLAY CO., WAVERLY 1.5 mi. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

19. BLUEPRINT, RR BRIDGE MISSISSIPPI, CLAY CO., WAVERLY 1.5 mi. S of Ms. 50 Map of Tombigbee River at Waverly, 'Proposed Crossing.' 12 May 1888. Credt: Columbus & Greenville, RR, Columbus, Ms. DWG S-3-343. Sarcone Photography, ColumbuS, Ms. Sept 1978. - Bridges of the Upper Tombigbee River Valley, Columbus, Lowndes County, MS

Bush Offers "Blueprint" for NCLB: Partisan Split Expected as Strategies Diverge

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoff, David J.

2007-01-01

This article reports how President Bush's new blueprint for the No Child Left Behind Act will create a partisan debate on educational strategies. In its plans for NCLB, the administration said it wants private and charter schools to create competition that would spur improvement in substandard schools. Democrats, however, have their own priorities…

The "Blueprint" Framework for Career Management Skills: A Critical Exploration

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hooley, Tristram; Watts, A. G.; Sultana, Ronald G.; Neary, Siobhan

2013-01-01

This article examines the Blueprint framework for career management skills as it has been revealed across sequential implementations in the USA, Canada and Australia. It is argued that despite its lack of an empirical basis, the framework forms a useful and innovative means through which career theory, practice and policy can be connected. The…

Role of the School Psychologist: Orchestrating the Continuum of School-Wide Positive Behavior Support

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McGraw, Kelly; Koonce, Danel A.

2011-01-01

The "Blueprint for Training and Practice III" (Blueprint III; Ysseldyke et al., 2006), attempts to pinpoint the vision for the field of school psychology through highlighting school psychologists' role as consultants engaged in activities ranging from individual to systems-level change. Although the literature is replete with calls to restructure…

The USF Libraries Virtual Library Project: A Blueprint for Development.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Metz-Wiseman, Monica; Silver, Susan; Hanson, Ardis; Johnston, Judy; Grohs, Kim; Neville, Tina; Sanchez, Ed; Gray, Carolyn

This report of the Virtual Library Planning Committee (VLPC) is intending to serve as a blueprint for the University of South Florida (USF) Libraries as it shifts from print to digital formats in its evolution into a "Virtual Library". A comprehensive planning process is essential for the USF Libraries to make optimum use of technology,…

SWIFT Center State Education Agency Blueprint for Equity-Based Inclusive Reform: Implementing, Sustaining, and Scaling up SWIFT in States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beitz, Linda M.; Mitchiner, Melinda; Sailor, Wayne; Nelson, Loui Lord

2016-01-01

This blueprint provides an overview of the technical assistance (TA) practices and collaborative learning structures that support state education agencies (SEAs) in whole system implementation of Schoolwide Integrated Framework for Transformation (SWIFT) Domains and Features, and in the development of state-level infrastructure hospitable to…

77 FR 71399 - Notice of Public Workshop: Blueprint for Action: Workshop on the Design of the National Network...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-30

...).'' This workshop series provides a forum for the AMNPO to present the proposed design of the National...: Blueprint for Action: Workshop on the Design of the National Network for Manufacturing Innovation (NNMI... Standards and Technology (NIST), announces the first workshop in a new series of public workshops entitled...

The Use of Service Blueprinting as a Method of Improving Non-Academic College Student Experiences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roberts, J. Will

2017-01-01

Service blueprinting offers a method for analyzing and improving service experiences. This service design technique is commonly used in many service industries, but research exploring its application within a higher education context is very limited. The purpose of this case study was to describe the use and effects of extensive service…

Blueprint for Establishing an Effective Postbaccalaureate Medical School Pre-Entry Program for Educationally Disadvantaged Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blakely, Alan W.; Broussard, Larry G.

2003-01-01

The structure, experiences, and results of the University of California, Davis, School of Medicine's Postbaccalaureate Reapplicant Program are used as a case study to construct a blueprint for returning 85-90 percent of program participants to shortage areas while increasing minority student admissions. This success rate has been achieved through…

Becoming a Community of Middle Grades Readers: A Blueprint for Indiana

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Middle Grades Reading Network, University of Evansville, 2009

2009-01-01

This "Blueprint" describes the actions everyone needs to take if they are to nourish Indiana's young adolescents so that they will be able to develop their reading skills to their full potential. This document spells out the ways that everyone can make books available, provide middle grades students with the time for reading, provide…

Looking Forward: Rethinking the National Education Reform Blueprint with the Contributing Authors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wang, Yimin; Ross, Heidi

2013-01-01

This article concludes the two issues on the College Entrance Examination (CEE) in which the contributing authors were invited to take part in a moderated discussion of their opinions on a newly unveiled national policy document titled "Blueprint for Medium and Long-Term National Education Reform and Development (2010-0)" (hereafter, the…

How Secure is Open Source?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Panettieri, Joseph C.

2007-01-01

Imagine showing cops and robbers the blueprints to the campus. Then, letting them keep the detailed blueprints to review--over and over again--at their leisure. The robbers would memorize every nuance of the campus layout, and at some point, they'd likely plan a break-in. But on the flip side, the cops would identify security weaknesses--and help…

Variability in Cobb angle measurements using reformatted computerized tomography scans.

PubMed

Adam, Clayton J; Izatt, Maree T; Harvey, Jason R; Askin, Geoffrey N

2005-07-15

Survey of intraobserver and interobserver measurement variability. To assess the use of reformatted computerized tomography (CT) images for manual measurement of coronal Cobb angles in idiopathic scoliosis. Cobb angle measurements in idiopathic scoliosis are traditionally made from standing radiographs, whereas CT is often used for assessment of vertebral rotation. Correlating Cobb angles from standing radiographs with vertebral rotations from supine CT is problematic because the geometry of the spine changes significantly from standing to supine positions, and 2 different imaging methods are involved. We assessed the use of reformatted thoracolumbar CT images for Cobb angle measurement. Preoperative CT of 12 patients with idiopathic scoliosis were used to generate reformatted coronal images. Five observers measured coronal Cobb angles on 3 occasions from each of the images. Intraobserver and interobserver variability associated with Cobb measurement from reformatted CT scans was assessed and compared with previous studies of measurement variability using plain radiographs. For major curves, 95% confidence intervals for intraobserver and interobserver variability were +/-6.6 degrees and +/-7.7 degrees, respectively. For minor curves, the intervals were +/-7.5 degrees and +/-8.2 degrees, respectively. Intraobserver and interobserver technical error of measurement was 2.4 degrees and 2.7 degrees, with reliability coefficients of 88% and 84%, respectively. There was no correlation between measurement variability and curve severity. Reformatted CT images may be used for manual measurement of coronal Cobb angles in idiopathic scoliosis with similar variability to manual measurement of plain radiographs.

9. Photocopy of architectural drawing (from blueprint at Fort Myer ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. Photocopy of architectural drawing (from blueprint at Fort Myer Engineer Activity) 'Double Set of Non-Commissioned Officers Qrs.' Quartermaster Generals Office, sheet 1 and unnumbered sheet, standard plan 23, June 1891. lithograph on linen architectural drawing 2. PLANS, 1 SECTION, 2 DETAILS - Fort Myer, Non-Commissioned Officers Quarters, Washington Avenue between Johnson Lane & Custer Road, Arlington, Arlington County, VA

18. BLUEPRINT, RR BRIDGE Tombigbee R. MISSISSIPPI, CLAY CO., WAVERLY ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

18. BLUEPRINT, RR BRIDGE Tombigbee R. MISSISSIPPI, CLAY CO., WAVERLY 1.5 mi. S of MS 50 Detail: 'Georgia Pacific Rwy. -- Tombigbee River Bridge Elevation' with river profile, May 16, 1888. Credit: Columbus and Greenville Rr, Columbus, Ms. DWG = S-3-342. Sarcone Photography, Columbus, Ms Sep 1978. - Bridges of the Upper Tombigbee River Valley, Columbus, Lowndes County, MS

The Performance Blueprint: An Integrated Logic Model Developed To Enhance Performance Measurement Literacy: The Case of Performance-Based Contract Management.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Longo, Paul J.

This study explored the mechanics of using an enhanced, comprehensive multipurpose logic model, the Performance Blueprint, as a means of building evaluation capacity, referred to in this paper as performance measurement literacy, to facilitate the attainment of both service-delivery oriented and community-oriented outcomes. The application of this…

Investing in America's Future: A Blueprint for Transforming Career and Technical Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Office of Vocational and Adult Education, US Department of Education, 2012

2012-01-01

In his 2012 State of the Union Address, President Obama laid out a blueprint for an economy that is built to last. The President's plan affirms that the strength of the American economy is inextricably linked to the strength of America's education system. Particularly in times of economic challenge, American employers need a workforce that is…

Best Practices in Career Development. Activities for Third Grade. A Supplement to the Blueprint for Career Preparation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Florida State Dept. of Education, Tallahassee. Div. of Vocational, Adult, and Community Education.

This document contains 19 lesson plans that can be used for career awareness activities in third grade. The lessons were developed by teachers and submitted as part of the Florida Blueprint for Career Preparation. The lesson plans include a topic, materials and information needed, and directions for activities. Lesson plans are designated by…

The San Diego Blueprint for Student Success: A Retrospective Overview and Commentary

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Betts, Julian R.

2009-01-01

In a series of reforms started in 1998 and formalized with the 2000 introduction of the Blueprint for Student Success, the San Diego Unified School District (SDUSD) implemented a wide-ranging series of reforms designed to boost the literacy skills of students. This article provides an overview of the reforms, assesses the contributions made by the…

Best Practices in Career Development. Activities for Fifth Grade. A Supplement to the Blueprint for Career Preparation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Florida State Dept. of Education, Tallahassee. Div. of Vocational, Adult, and Community Education.

This document contains 17 lesson plans that can be used for career awareness activities in fifth grade. The lessons were developed by teachers and submitted as part of the Florida Blueprint for Career Preparation. The lesson plans include a topic, materials and information needed, and directions for activities. Lesson plans are designated by…

Defining genes using "blueprint" versus "instruction" metaphors: effects for genetic determinism, response efficacy, and perceived control.

PubMed

Parrott, Roxanne; Smith, Rachel A

2014-01-01

Evidence supports mixed attributions aligned with personal and/or clinical control and gene expression for health in this era of genomic science and health care. We consider variance in these attributions and possible relationships to individual mind sets associated with essentialist beliefs that genes determine health versus threat beliefs that genes increase susceptibility for disease and severity linked to gene-environment interactions. Further, we contribute to theory and empirical research to evaluate the use of metaphors to define genes. Participants (N = 324) read a message that varied the introduction by providing a definition of genes that used either an "instruction" metaphor or a "blueprint" metaphor. The "instruction" metaphor compared to the "blueprint" metaphor promoted stronger threat perceptions, which aligned with both belief in the response efficacy of genetic research for health and perceived behavioral control linked to genes and health. The "blueprint" metaphor compared to the "instruction" metaphor promoted stronger essentialist beliefs, which aligned with more intense positive regard for the efficacy of genetic research and human health. Implications for health communicators include societal effects aligned with stigma and discrimination that such findings portend.

Blueprinting macromolecular electronics.

PubMed

Palma, Carlos-Andres; Samorì, Paolo

2011-06-01

Recently, by mastering either top-down or bottom-up approaches, tailor-made macromolecular nano-objects with semiconducting properties have been fabricated. These engineered nanostructures for organic electronics are based on conjugated systems predominantly made up of sp²-hybridized carbon, such as graphene nanoribbons. Here, we describe developments in a selection of these nanofabrication techniques, which include graphene carving, stimulus-induced synthesis of conjugated polymers and surface-assisted synthesis. We also assess their potential to reproduce chemically and spatially precise molecular arrangements, that is, molecular blueprints. In a broad context, the engineering of a molecular blueprint represents the fabrication of an integrated all-organic macromolecular electronic circuit. In this Perspective, we suggest chemical routes, as well as convergent on-surface synthesis and microfabrication approaches, for the ultimate goal of bringing the field closer to technology.

Going national with HERS and EEMs: Issues and impacts. The collected papers of the national collaborative

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

This collection of papers is a companion volume to A National Program for Energy-Efficient Mortgages and Home Energy Rating Systems: A Blueprint for Action (NREL/TP-261-4677). The Blueprint reports the findings and recommendations of the National Collaborative on Home Energy Rating Systems and Mortgage Incentives for Energy Efficiency about a voluntary national program linking energy-efficient mortgages and home energy rating systems. This volume provides technical documentation for A Blueprint for Action. It consists of 55 technical issue papers and 13 special papers prepared by the technical advisory committees and some members of the Collaborative Consensus Committee of the National Collaborative. Itmore » also contains the bibliography and the glossary written by the members and staff of the National Collaborative.« less

Effectiveness of Variable-Gain Kalman Filter Based on Angle Error Calculated from Acceleration Signals in Lower Limb Angle Measurement with Inertial Sensors

PubMed Central

Watanabe, Takashi

2013-01-01

The wearable sensor system developed by our group, which measured lower limb angles using Kalman-filtering-based method, was suggested to be useful in evaluation of gait function for rehabilitation support. However, it was expected to reduce variations of measurement errors. In this paper, a variable-Kalman-gain method based on angle error that was calculated from acceleration signals was proposed to improve measurement accuracy. The proposed method was tested comparing to fixed-gain Kalman filter and a variable-Kalman-gain method that was based on acceleration magnitude used in previous studies. First, in angle measurement in treadmill walking, the proposed method measured lower limb angles with the highest measurement accuracy and improved significantly foot inclination angle measurement, while it improved slightly shank and thigh inclination angles. The variable-gain method based on acceleration magnitude was not effective for our Kalman filter system. Then, in angle measurement of a rigid body model, it was shown that the proposed method had measurement accuracy similar to or higher than results seen in other studies that used markers of camera-based motion measurement system fixing on a rigid plate together with a sensor or on the sensor directly. The proposed method was found to be effective in angle measurement with inertial sensors. PMID:24282442

Singular-Arc Time-Optimal Trajectory of Aircraft in Two-Dimensional Wind Field

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nguyen, Nhan

2006-01-01

This paper presents a study of a minimum time-to-climb trajectory analysis for aircraft flying in a two-dimensional altitude dependent wind field. The time optimal control problem possesses a singular control structure when the lift coefficient is taken as a control variable. A singular arc analysis is performed to obtain an optimal control solution on the singular arc. Using a time-scale separation with the flight path angle treated as a fast state, the dimensionality of the optimal control solution is reduced by eliminating the lift coefficient control. A further singular arc analysis is used to decompose the original optimal control solution into the flight path angle solution and a trajectory solution as a function of the airspeed and altitude. The optimal control solutions for the initial and final climb segments are computed using a shooting method with known starting values on the singular arc The numerical results of the shooting method show that the optimal flight path angle on the initial and final climb segments are constant. The analytical approach provides a rapid means for analyzing a time optimal trajectory for aircraft performance.

Salinity-Dependent Contact Angle Alteration in Oil/Brine/Silicate Systems: the Critical Role of Divalent Cations

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

The effectiveness of water flooding oil recovery depends to an important extent on the competitive wetting of oil and water on the solid rock matrix. Here, we use macroscopic contact angle goniometry in highly idealized model systems to evaluate how brine salinity affects the balance of wetting forces and to infer the microscopic origin of the resultant contact angle alteration. We focus, in particular, on two competing mechanisms debated in the literature, namely, double-layer expansion and divalent cation bridging. Our experiments involve aqueous droplets with a variable content of chloride salts of Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+, wetting surfaces of muscovite and amorphous silica, and an environment of ambient decane containing small amounts of fatty acids to represent polar oil components. By diluting the salt content in various manners, we demonstrate that the water contact angle on muscovite, not on silica, decreases by up to 25° as the divalent cation concentration is reduced from typical concentrations in seawater to zero. Decreasing the ionic strength at a constant divalent ion concentration, however, has a negligible effect on the contact angle. We discuss the consequences for the interpretation of core flooding experiments and the identification of a microscopic mechanism of low salinity water flooding, an increasingly popular, inexpensive, and environment-friendly technique for enhanced oil recovery. PMID:28332396

Salinity-Dependent Contact Angle Alteration in Oil/Brine/Silicate Systems: the Critical Role of Divalent Cations.

PubMed

Haagh, M E J; Siretanu, I; Duits, M H G; Mugele, F

2017-04-11

The effectiveness of water flooding oil recovery depends to an important extent on the competitive wetting of oil and water on the solid rock matrix. Here, we use macroscopic contact angle goniometry in highly idealized model systems to evaluate how brine salinity affects the balance of wetting forces and to infer the microscopic origin of the resultant contact angle alteration. We focus, in particular, on two competing mechanisms debated in the literature, namely, double-layer expansion and divalent cation bridging. Our experiments involve aqueous droplets with a variable content of chloride salts of Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ , wetting surfaces of muscovite and amorphous silica, and an environment of ambient decane containing small amounts of fatty acids to represent polar oil components. By diluting the salt content in various manners, we demonstrate that the water contact angle on muscovite, not on silica, decreases by up to 25° as the divalent cation concentration is reduced from typical concentrations in seawater to zero. Decreasing the ionic strength at a constant divalent ion concentration, however, has a negligible effect on the contact angle. We discuss the consequences for the interpretation of core flooding experiments and the identification of a microscopic mechanism of low salinity water flooding, an increasingly popular, inexpensive, and environment-friendly technique for enhanced oil recovery.

Numerical investigation of the variable nozzle effect on the mixed flow turbine performance characteristics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meziri, B.; Hamel, M.; Hireche, O.; Hamidou, K.

2016-09-01

There are various matching ways between turbocharger and engine, the variable nozzle turbine is the most significant method. The turbine design must be economic with high efficiency and large capacity over a wide range of operational conditions. These design intents are used in order to decrease thermal load and improve thermal efficiency of the engine. This paper presents an original design method of a variable nozzle vane for mixed flow turbines developed from previous experimental and numerical studies. The new device is evaluated with a numerical simulation over a wide range of rotational speeds, pressure ratios, and different vane angles. The compressible turbulent steady flow is solved using the ANSYS CFX software. The numerical results agree well with experimental data in the nozzleless configuration. In the variable nozzle case, the results show that the turbine performance characteristics are well accepted in different open positions and improved significantly in low speed regime and at low pressure ratio.

Bioinspired artificial photonic nanoarchitecture using the elytron of the beetle Trigonophorus rothschildi varians as a ‘blueprint’

PubMed Central

Biró, L. P.; Kertész, K.; Horváth, E.; Márk, G. I.; Molnár, G.; Vértesy, Z.; Tsai, J.-F.; Kun, A.; Bálint, Zs.; Vigneron, J. P.

2010-01-01

An unusual, intercalated photonic nanoarchitecture was discovered in the elytra of Taiwanese Trigonophorus rothschildi varians beetles. It consists of a multilayer structure intercalated with a random distribution of cylindrical holes normal to the plane of the multilayer. The nanoarchitectures were characterized structurally by scanning electron microscopy and optically by normal incidence, integrated and goniometric reflectance measurements. They exhibit an unsaturated specular and saturated non-specular component of the reflected light. Bioinspired, artificial nanoarchitectures of similar structure and with similar properties were realized by drilling holes of submicron size in a multilayer structure, showing that such photonic nanoarchitectures of biological origin may constitute valuable blueprints for artificial photonic materials. PMID:19933221

20. BLUEPRINT, RR BRIDGE MISSISSIPPI, CLAY CO., WAVERLY L.% MI. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

20. BLUEPRINT, RR BRIDGE MISSISSIPPI, CLAY CO., WAVERLY L.% MI. S of MS. 50 Proposed bridge, by Phoenis Bridge Co., Phoenixville, Pa. 218-foot turn span, with load bearing. 21 May 1914. Act. size: 16X35 in. Credit: Columbus and Greenville RR, Columbus, Ms. Sarcone Photography, Columbus, Ms. Sept 1978. - Bridges of the Upper Tombigbee River Valley, Columbus, Lowndes County, MS

Guidelines for Evaluating...The First-Year Experience at Four-Year Colleges. 2nd Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gardner, John N.; Barefoot, Betsy O.; Swing, Randy L.

This booklet contains a blueprint of questions that can be used at public and private four-year colleges and universities by an institution-wide task force examining the first-year experience or the broader campus experience. The blueprint can also be used to aid in an overall process of campus self-study or assessment. The questions a task force…

13. Site plan, 1900 Photocopied from a blueprint, 'Appraisal of ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. Site plan, 1900 Photocopied from a blueprint, 'Appraisal of Water Power and Real Estate at Whitneyville, 1900,' New Haven Water Company, 100 Crown Street, New Haven, Connecticut. Shows the Whitney Arms Company as it existed for much of the period 1860-1904. Compare with photo CT-2-10. - Eli Whitney Armory, West of Whitney Avenue, Armory Street Vicinity, Hamden, New Haven County, CT

Successful NCAA Division I Baseball Coaches' Understandings of Their Roles and Responsibilities as Leaders in a Higher Education Context

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McMullen, Cameron

2016-01-01

Certain coaches seem to have a basic blueprint for success that consistently puts them at the forefront of their respective industries. Within this blueprint are various components of leadership. The purpose of this study was to identify how successful NCAA Division I baseball coaches understand their roles and responsibilities as leaders in a…

Evaluating Educational Resources for Inclusion in the Dig Texas Instructional Blueprints for Earth & Space Science

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jacobs, B. E.; Bohls-Graham, E.; Martinez, A. O.; Ellins, K. K.; Riggs, E. M.; Serpa, L. F.; Stocks, E.; Fox, S.; Kent, M.

2014-12-01

Today's instruction in Earth's systems requires thoughtful selection of curricula, and in turn, high quality learning activities that address modern Earth science. The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), which are intended to guide K-12 science instruction, further demand a discriminating selection process. The DIG (Diversity & Innovation in Geoscience) Texas Instructional Blueprints attempt to fulfill this practice by compiling vetted educational resources freely available online into units that are the building blocks of the blueprints. Each blueprint is composed of 9 three-week teaching units and serves as a scope and sequence for teaching a one-year Earth science course. In the earliest stages of the project, teams explored the Internet for classroom-worthy resources, including laboratory investigations, videos, visualizations, and readings, and submitted the educational resources deemed suitable for the project into the project's online review tool. Each team member evaluated the educational resources chosen by fellow team members according to a set of predetermined criteria that had been incorporated into the review tool. Resources rated as very good or excellent by all team members were submitted to the project PIs for approval. At this stage, approved resources became candidates for inclusion in the blueprint units. Team members tagged approved resources with descriptors for the type of resource and instructional strategy, and aligned these to the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills for Earth and Space Science and the Earth Science Literacy Principles. Each team then assembled and sequenced resources according to content strand, balancing the types of learning experiences within each unit. Once units were packaged, teams then considered how they addressed the NGSS and identified the relevant disciplinary core ideas, crosscutting concepts, and science and engineering practices. In addition to providing a brief overview of the project, this presentation will detail the intensive review process educators utilized to determine the viability of the resources included in the blueprints. A short summary of first-year implementation results will be shared, along with the second year now in progress.

Exploration Blueprint: Data Book

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Drake, Bret G. (Editor)

2007-01-01

The material contained in this report was compiled to capture the work performed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) Exploration study team in the late 2002 timeframe. The "Exploration Blueprint Data Book" documents the analyses and findings of the 90-day Agency-wide study conducted from September - November 2002. During the summer of 2002, the NASA Deputy Administrator requested that a study be performed with the following objectives: (1) Develop the rationale for exploration beyond low-Earth orbit (2) Develop roadmaps for how to accomplish the first steps through humans to Mars (3) Develop design reference missions as a basis for the roadmaps 4) Make recommendations on what can be done now to effect this future This planning team, termed the Exploration Blueprint, performed architecture analyses to develop roadmaps for how to accomplish the first steps beyond LEO through the human exploration of Mars. The previous NASA Exploration Team activities laid the foundation and framework for development of NASA's Integrated Space Plan. The reference missions resulting from the analysis performed by the Exploration Blueprint team formed the basis for requirement definition, systems development, technology roadmapping, and risk assessments for future human exploration beyond low-Earth orbit. Emphasis was placed on developing recommendations on what could be done now to effect future exploration activities. The Exploration Blueprint team embraced the "Stepping Stone" approach to exploration where human and robotic activities are conducted through progressive expansion outward beyond low-Earth orbit. Results from this study produced a long-term strategy for exploration with near-term implementation plans, program recommendations, and technology investments. Specific results included the development of a common exploration crew vehicle concept, a unified space nuclear strategy, focused bioastronautics research objectives, and an integrated human and robotic exploration strategy. Recommendations from the Exploration Blueprint included the endorsement of the Nuclear Systems Initiative, augmentation of the bioastronautics research, a focused space transportation program including heavy-lift launch and a common exploration vehicle design for ISS and exploration missions, as well as an integrated human and robotic exploration strategy for Mars.

Exploration Blueprint: Data Book

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Drake, Bret G.

2007-02-01

The material contained in this report was compiled to capture the work performed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) Exploration study team in the late 2002 timeframe. The "Exploration Blueprint Data Book" documents the analyses and findings of the 90-day Agency-wide study conducted from September - November 2002. During the summer of 2002, the NASA Deputy Administrator requested that a study be performed with the following objectives: (1) Develop the rationale for exploration beyond low-Earth orbit (2) Develop roadmaps for how to accomplish the first steps through humans to Mars (3) Develop design reference missions as a basis for the roadmaps 4) Make recommendations on what can be done now to effect this future This planning team, termed the Exploration Blueprint, performed architecture analyses to develop roadmaps for how to accomplish the first steps beyond LEO through the human exploration of Mars. The previous NASA Exploration Team activities laid the foundation and framework for development of NASA's Integrated Space Plan. The reference missions resulting from the analysis performed by the Exploration Blueprint team formed the basis for requirement definition, systems development, technology roadmapping, and risk assessments for future human exploration beyond low-Earth orbit. Emphasis was placed on developing recommendations on what could be done now to effect future exploration activities. The Exploration Blueprint team embraced the "Stepping Stone" approach to exploration where human and robotic activities are conducted through progressive expansion outward beyond low-Earth orbit. Results from this study produced a long-term strategy for exploration with near-term implementation plans, program recommendations, and technology investments. Specific results included the development of a common exploration crew vehicle concept, a unified space nuclear strategy, focused bioastronautics research objectives, and an integrated human and robotic exploration strategy. Recommendations from the Exploration Blueprint included the endorsement of the Nuclear Systems Initiative, augmentation of the bioastronautics research, a focused space transportation program including heavy-lift launch and a common exploration vehicle design for ISS and exploration missions, as well as an integrated human and robotic exploration strategy for Mars.

FRB 121102: A Repeatedly Combed Neutron Star by a Nearby Low-luminosity Accreting Supermassive Black Hole

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Bing

2018-02-01

The origin of fast radio bursts (FRBs) remains mysterious. Recently, the only repeating FRB source, FRB 121102, was reported to possess an extremely large and variable rotation measure (RM). The inferred magnetic field strength in the burst environment is comparable to that in the vicinity of the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* of our Galaxy. Here, we show that all of the observational properties of FRB 121102 (including the high RM and its evolution, the high linear polarization degree, an invariant polarization angle across each burst and other properties previously known) can be interpreted within the “cosmic comb” model, which invokes a neutron star with typical spin and magnetic field parameters whose magnetosphere is repeatedly and marginally combed by a variable outflow from a nearby low-luminosity accreting supermassive black hole in the host galaxy. We propose three falsifiable predictions (periodic “on/off” states, and periodic/correlated variation of RM and polarization angle) of the model and discuss other FRBs within the context of the cosmic comb model as well as the challenges encountered by other repeating FRB models in light of the new observations.

An interplanetary planar magnetic structure oriented at a large (about 80 deg) angle to the Parker spiral

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Farrugia, M. W.; Dunlop, M. W.; Geurts, F.; Balogh, A.; Southwood, D. J.; Bryant, D. A.; Neugebauer, M.

1990-01-01

Magnetic field structures in the solar wind, characterized by a variation of the field vectors within a plane inclined to the ecliptic ('Planar Magnetic Structures', PMSs), were reported recently (Nakagawa et al., 1989). These PMSs have the property that the plane of variation of the field also contains the nominal Parker spiral direction. An observation of a PMS where the direction of the line of intersection of the plane of field variation with the ecliptic plane makes a large (about 80 deg) angle to the Parker spiral direction is presented. Furthermore, the angular variables of the field (1) vary over a restricted range, and (2) are linearly related. The latter property is related to the former. Currently proposed models for the origin of PMS, inasmuch as they require field configurations which retain strict alignment with the Parker spiral direction from formation to observation, are probably incomplete.

Effects of diurnal, lighting, and angle-of-incidence variation on anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) angle metrics.

PubMed

Akil, Handan; Dastiridou, Anna; Marion, Kenneth; Francis, Brian A; Chopra, Vikas

2017-03-23

First reported study to assess the effect of diurnal variation on anterior chamber angle measurements, as well as, to re-test the effects of lighting and angle-of-incidence variation on anterior chamber angle (ACA) measurements acquired by time-domain anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). A total of 30 eyes from 15 healthy, normal subjects underwent anterior chamber imaging using a Visante time-domain AS-OCT according to an IRB-approved protocol. For each eye, the inferior angle was imaged twice in the morning (8 am - 10 am) and then again in the afternoon (3 pm - 5 pm), under light meter-controlled conditions with ambient room lighting 'ON' and lights 'OFF', and at 5° angle of incidence increments. The ACA metrics measured for each eye were: angle opening distance (AOD, measured 500 and 750 μm anterior from scleral spur), the trabecular-iris-space area (TISA, measured 500 and 750 μm anterior from scleral spur), and scleral spur angle. Measurements were performed by masked, certified Reading Center graders using the Visante's Internal Measurement Tool. Differences in measurements between morning and afternoon, lighting variations, and angle of incidence were compared. Mean age of the participants was 31.2 years (range 23-58). Anterior chamber angle metrics did not differ significantly from morning to afternoon imaging, or when the angle of incidence was offset by 5° in either direction away from the inferior angle 6 o'clock position. (p-value 0.13-0.93). Angle metrics at the inferior corneal limbus, 6 o'clock position (IC270), with room lighting 'OFF', showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) compared to room lighting 'ON'. There does not appear to be significant diurnal variation in AS-OCT parameters in normal individuals, but lighting conditions need to be strictly controlled since variation in lighting led to significant variability in AS-OCT parameters. No changes in ACA parameters were noted by varying the angle-of-incidence, which gives confidence in being able to perform longitudinal studies in approximately the same area (plus/minus 5° of original scan location).

The Blueprint for Change: A National Strategy to Enhance Access to Earth and Space Science Education Resources

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Geary, E. E.; Barstow, D.

2001-12-01

Enhancing access to high quality science education resources for teachers, students, and the general public is a high priority for the earth and space science education communities. However, to significantly increase access to these resources and promote their effective use will require a coordinated effort between content developers, publishers, professional developers, policy makers, and users in both formal and informal education settings. Federal agencies, academic institutions, professional societies, informal science centers, the Digital Library for Earth System Education, and other National SMETE Digital Library Projects are anticipated to play key roles in this effort. As a first step to developing a coordinated, national strategy for developing and delivering high quality earth and space science education resources to students, teachers, and the general public, 65 science educators, scientists, teachers, administrators, policy makers, and business leaders met this June in Snowmass, Colorado to create "Earth and Space Science Education 2010: A Blueprint for Change". The Blueprint is a strategy document that will be used to guide Earth and space science education reform efforts in grades K-12 during the next decade. The Blueprint contains specific goals, recommendations, and strategies for coordinating action in the areas of: Teacher Preparation and Professional Development, Curriculum and Materials, Equity and Diversity, Assessment and Evaluation, Public Policy and Systemic Reform, Public and Informal Education, Partnerships and Collaborations, and Technology. If you develop, disseminate, or use exemplary earth and space science education resources, we invite you to review the Blueprint for Change, share it with your colleagues and local science educators, and join as we work to revolutionize earth and space science education in grades K-12.

Laser-induced breakdown spectra of rock powders at variable ablation and collection angles under Mars-analog conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Breves, E. A.; Lepore, K.; Dyar, M. D.; Bender, S. C.; Tokar, R. L.; Boucher, T.

2017-11-01

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy has become a popular tool for rapid elemental analysis of geological materials. However, quantitative applications of LIBS are plagued by variability in collected spectra that cannot be attributed to differences in geochemical composition. Even under ideal laboratory conditions, variability in LIBS spectra creates a host of difficulties for quantitative analysis. This is only exacerbated during field work, when both the laser-sample distance and the angle of ablation/collection are constantly changing. A primary goal of this study is to use empirical evidence to provide a more accurate assessment of uncertainty in LIBS-derived element predictions. We hope to provide practical guidance regarding the angles of ablation and collection that can be tolerated without substantially increasing prediction uncertainty beyond that which already exists under ideal laboratory conditions. Spectra were collected from ten geochemically diverse samples at angles of ablation and collection ranging from 0° to ± 60°. Ablation and collection angles were changed independently and simultaneously in order to isolate spectral changes caused by differences in ablation angle from those due to differences in collection angle. Most of the variability in atomic and continuum spectra is attributed to changes in the ablation angle, rather than the collection angle. At higher angles, the irradiance of the laser beam is lower and produces smaller, possibly less dense plasmas. Simultaneous changes in the collection angle do not appear to affect the collected spectra, possibly because smaller plasmas are still within the viewing area of the collection optics, even though this area is reduced at higher collection angles. A key observation is that changes in the magnitude of atomic and total emission are < 5% and 10%, respectively, in spectra collected with the configuration that most closely resembles field measurements (VV) at angles < 20°. In addition, variability in atomic and continuum emission is strongly dependent upon sample composition. Denser, more Fe/Mg-rich rocks exhibited much less variability with changes in ablation and collection angles than Si-rich felsic rocks. Elemental compositions of our variable angle data that were predicted using a much larger but conventionally-collected calibration suite show that accuracy generally suffers when the incidence and collection angles are high. Prediction accuracy (for measurements acquired with varying collection and ablation angles) varies from ± 1.28-1.86 wt% for Al2O3, ± 1.25-1.66 wt% for CaO, ± 1.90-2.21 wt% for Fe2O3T, ± 0.76-0.94 wt% for K2O, ± 2.85-3.61 wt% MgO, ± 0.15-0.17 wt% for MnO, ± 0.68-0.78 wt% for Na2O, ± 0.33-0.42 wt% for TiO2, and ± 2.94-4.34 wt% SiO2. The ChemCam team is using lab data acquired under normal incidence and collection angles to predict the compositions of Mars targets at varying angles. Thus, the increased errors noted in this study for high incidence angle measurements are likely similar to additional, unacknowledged errors on ChemCam results for non-normal targets analyzed on Mars. Optimal quantitative analysis of LIBS spectra must include some knowledge of the angle of ablation and collection so the approximate increase in uncertainty introduced by a departure from normal angles can be accurately reported.

Blueprint for Acquisition Reform, Version 3.0

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-07-01

represents a substantial and immediate step forward in establishing the Coast Guard as a model mid-sized federal agency for acquisition processes...Blueprint for Acquisition Reform in the U. S. Coast Guard “The Coast Guard must become the model for mid-sized Federal agency acquisition in process...acquisition (DoD 5000 model >CG Major Systems Acquisition Manual) • Deepwater Program Executive Officer (PEO): System of Systems performance-based

A blueprint-based case study analysis of nutrition services provided in a midterm care facility for the elderly.

PubMed

Paquet, Catherine; St-Arnaud-Mckenzie, Danielle; Ferland, Guylaine; Dubé, Laurette

2003-03-01

Ensuring nutritionally adequate food intake in institutions is a complex and important challenge for dietitians. To tackle this problem, we argue that dietitians need to adopt a systematic, integrative, and patient-centered approach to identify and manage more effectively organizational determinants of the quality of food intake under their control. In this study, we introduce such an approach, the blueprint-based case study, that we applied in the context of a midterm care facility for elderly patients. Data gathered through interviews and field observations were used to develop, from the perspective of key patient encounters, detailed representations of the food, nutrition, and nursing activities necessary to ensure adequate food intake. These service "blueprints" were developed to illustrate all activities that might potentially impact on the nutritional, sensory, functional, and social quality of patients' meals. They were also used as roadmaps to develop a case study analysis in which critical areas were identified and opportunities for improvement put forth, while considering services' resources and priorities. By providing a precise, objective, yet comprehensive mapping of the service operations and management, the blueprint-based case study approach represents a valuable tool to determine the optimal allocation of resources to insure nutritionally adequate food intake to patients.

Sensitivity analysis for axis rotation diagrid structural systems according to brace angle changes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Jae-Kwang; Li, Long-Yang; Park, Sung-Soo

2017-10-01

General regular shaped diagrid structures can express diverse shapes because braces are installed along the exterior faces of the structures and the structures have no columns. However, since irregular shaped structures have diverse variables, studies to assess behaviors resulting from various variables are continuously required to supplement the imperfections related to such variables. In the present study, materials elastic modulus and yield strength were selected as variables for strength that would be applied to diagrid structural systems in the form of Twisters among the irregular shaped buildings classified by Vollers and that affect the structural design of these structural systems. The purpose of this study is to conduct sensitivity analysis for axial rotation diagrid structural systems according to changes in brace angles in order to identify the design variables that have relatively larger effects and the tendencies of the sensitivity of the structures according to changes in brace angles and axial rotation angles.

A thermodynamic model of contact angle hysteresis.

PubMed

Makkonen, Lasse

2017-08-14

When a three-phase contact line moves along a solid surface, the contact angle no longer corresponds to the static equilibrium angle but is larger when the liquid is advancing and smaller when the liquid is receding. The difference between the advancing and receding contact angles, i.e., the contact angle hysteresis, is of paramount importance in wetting and capillarity. For example, it determines the magnitude of the external force that is required to make a drop slide on a solid surface. Until now, fundamental origin of the contact angle hysteresis has been controversial. Here, this origin is revealed and a quantitative theory is derived. The theory is corroborated by the available experimental data for a large number of solid-liquid combinations. The theory is applied in modelling the contact angle hysteresis on a textured surface, and these results are also in quantitative agreement with the experimental data.

Origin of the styloglossus muscle in the human fetus

PubMed Central

Mérida-Velasco, J R; Rodríguez-Vazquez, J F; de la Cuadra Blanco, C; Sánchez-Montesinos, I; Mérida-Velasco, J A

2006-01-01

The origin of the styloglossus muscle was histologically studied bilaterally in nine human fetuses (18 sides). In all cases, the muscle originated in Reichert's cartilage, which gives rise to the temporal styloid process. We identified three types of variation: type A, an accessory muscle fascicle originating from the mandibular angle, found in 7 cases (12 sides); type B, where the styloglossus muscle was attached to the mandibular angle by fibrous tracts, found in three cases (4 sides); and type C, where an accessory muscle fascicle arose from the fibrous tract connecting Reichert's cartilage to the mandibular angle; found in one case. In all cases (2 sides), the styloglossus muscle was innervated by the hypoglossal nerve. Relationships between the styloglossus muscle and vasculonervous elements of the prestyloid and retrostyloid spaces were analysed. PMID:16637887

Radiographic evaluation of perching-joint angles in cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus), Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis), and barred owls (Strix varia).

PubMed

Bonin, Glen; Lauer, Susanne K; Guzman, David Sanchez-Migallon; Nevarez, Javier; Tully, Thomas N; Hosgood, Giselle; Gaschen, Lorrie

2009-06-01

Information on perching-joint angles in birds is limited. Joint immobilization in a physiologic perching angle has the potential to result more often in complete restoration of limb function. We evaluated perching-joint angles in 10 healthy cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus), 10 Hispaniolan Amazons (Amazona ventralis), and 9 barred owls (Strix varia) and determined intra- and interobserver variability for goniometric measurements in 2 different radiographic projections. Intra- and interobserver variation was less than 7% for all stifle and intertarsal joint measurements but frequently exceeded 10% for the hip-joint measurements. Hip, stifle, and intertarsal perching angles differed significantly among cockatiels, Hispaniolan Amazon parrots, and barred owls. The accuracy of measurements performed on straight lateral radiographic projections with superimposed limbs was not consistently superior to measurements on oblique projections with a slightly rotated pelvis. Stifle and intertarsal joint angles can be measured on radiographs by different observers with acceptable variability, but intra- and interobserver variability for hip-joint-angle measurements is higher.

An oilspill trajectory analysis model with a variable wind deflection angle

USGS Publications Warehouse

Samuels, W.B.; Huang, N.E.; Amstutz, D.E.

1982-01-01

The oilspill trajectory movement algorithm consists of a vector sum of the surface drift component due to wind and the surface current component. In the U.S. Geological Survey oilspill trajectory analysis model, the surface drift component is assumed to be 3.5% of the wind speed and is rotated 20 degrees clockwise to account for Coriolis effects in the Northern Hemisphere. Field and laboratory data suggest, however, that the deflection angle of the surface drift current can be highly variable. An empirical formula, based on field observations and theoretical arguments relating wind speed to deflection angle, was used to calculate a new deflection angle at each time step in the model. Comparisons of oilspill contact probabilities to coastal areas calculated for constant and variable deflection angles showed that the model is insensitive to this changing angle at low wind speeds. At high wind speeds, some statistically significant differences in contact probabilities did appear. ?? 1982.

Conserved Structural Elements in the V3 Crown of HIV-1 gp120

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jiang, X.; Burke, V; Totrov, M

2010-01-01

Binding of the third variable region (V3) of the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 to the cell-surface coreceptors CCR5 or CXCR4 during viral entry suggests that there are conserved structural elements in this sequence-variable region. These conserved elements could serve as epitopes to be targeted by a vaccine against HIV-1. Here we perform a systematic structural analysis of representative human anti-V3 monoclonal antibodies in complex with V3 peptides, revealing that the crown of V3 has four conserved structural elements: an arch, a band, a hydrophobic core and the peptide backbone. These are either unaffected by or are subject to minimal sequencemore » variation. As these regions are targeted by cross-clade neutralizing human antibodies, they provide a blueprint for the design of vaccine immunogens that could elicit broadly cross-reactive protective antibodies.« less

Effects of B1 inhomogeneity correction for three-dimensional variable flip angle T1 measurements in hip dGEMRIC at 3 T and 1.5 T.

PubMed

Siversson, Carl; Chan, Jenny; Tiderius, Carl-Johan; Mamisch, Tallal Charles; Jellus, Vladimir; Svensson, Jonas; Kim, Young-Jo

2012-06-01

Delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage is a technique for studying the development of osteoarthritis using quantitative T(1) measurements. Three-dimensional variable flip angle is a promising method for performing such measurements rapidly, by using two successive spoiled gradient echo sequences with different excitation pulse flip angles. However, the three-dimensional variable flip angle method is very sensitive to inhomogeneities in the transmitted B(1) field in vivo. In this study, a method for correcting for such inhomogeneities, using an additional B(1) mapping spin-echo sequence, was evaluated. Phantom studies concluded that three-dimensional variable flip angle with B(1) correction calculates accurate T(1) values also in areas with high B(1) deviation. Retrospective analysis of in vivo hip delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage data from 40 subjects showed the difference between three-dimensional variable flip angle with and without B(1) correction to be generally two to three times higher at 3 T than at 1.5 T. In conclusion, the B(1) variations should always be taken into account, both at 1.5 T and at 3 T. Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

PGI chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) traceability by means of HRMAS-NMR spectroscopy: a preliminary study.

PubMed

Ritota, Mena; Casciani, Lorena; Valentini, Massimiliano

2013-05-01

Analytical traceability of PGI and PDO foods (Protected Geographical Indication and Protected Denomination Origin respectively) is one of the most challenging tasks of current applied research. Here we proposed a metabolomic approach based on the combination of (1)H high-resolution magic angle spinning-nuclear magnetic resonance (HRMAS-NMR) spectroscopy with multivariate analysis, i.e. PLS-DA, as a reliable tool for the traceability of Italian PGI chicories (Cichorium intybus L.), i.e. Radicchio Rosso di Treviso and Radicchio Variegato di Castelfranco, also known as red and red-spotted, respectively. The metabolic profile was gained by means of HRMAS-NMR, and multivariate data analysis allowed us to build statistical models capable of providing clear discrimination among the two varieties and classification according to the geographical origin. Based on Variable Importance in Projection values, the molecular markers for classifying the different types of red chicories analysed were found accounting for both the cultivar and the place of origin. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry.

The Origin of High-angle Dip-slip Earthquakes at Geothermal Fields in California

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barbour, A. J.; Schoenball, M.; Martínez-Garzón, P.; Kwiatek, G.

2016-12-01

We examine the source mechanisms of earthquakes occurring in three California geothermal fields: The Geysers, Salton Sea, and Coso. We find source mechanisms ranging from strike slip faulting, consistent with the tectonic settings, to dip slip with unusually steep dip angles which are inconsistent with local structures. For example, we identify a fault zone in the Salton Sea Geothermal Field imaged using precisely-relocated hypocenters with a dip angle of 60° yet double-couple focal mechanisms indicate higher-angle dip-slip on ≥75° dipping planes. We observe considerable temporal variability in the distribution of source mechanisms. For example, at the Salton Sea we find that the number of high angle dip-slip events increased after 1989, when net-extraction rates were highest. There is a concurrent decline in strike-slip and strike-slip-normal faulting, the mechanisms expected from regional tectonics. These unusual focal mechanisms and their spatio-temporal patterns are enigmatic in terms of our understanding of faulting in geothermal regions. While near-vertical fault planes are expected to slip in a strike-slip sense, and dip slip is expected to occur on moderately dipping faults, we observe dip slip on near-vertical fault planes. However, for plausible stress states and accounting for geothermal production, the resolved fault planes should be stable. We systematically analyze the source mechanisms of these earthquakes using full moment tensor inversion to understand the constraints imposed by assuming a double-couple source. Applied to The Geysers field, we find a significant reduction in the number of high-angle dip-slip mechanisms using the full moment tensor. The remaining mechanisms displaying high-angle dip-slip could be consistent with faults accommodating subsidence and compaction associated with volumetric strain changes in the geothermal reservoir.

The Effect of Camera Angle and Image Size on Source Credibility and Interpersonal Attraction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCain, Thomas A.; Wakshlag, Jacob J.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of two nonverbal visual variables (camera angle and image size) on variables developed in a nonmediated context (source credibility and interpersonal attraction). Camera angle and image size were manipulated in eight video taped television newscasts which were subsequently presented to eight…

Blueprint for the development of low carbon society scenarios for Asian regions- case study of Iskandar Malaysia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ho, C. S.; Matsuoka, Y.; Chau, L. W.; Teh, B. T.; Simson, J. J.; Gomi, K.

2013-06-01

Malaysian government aims to reduce 40% reduction of carbon emission intensity by the year 2020 using 2005 as the base year. Several mitigation and adaptation strategies in addressing environmental and climate change are formulated at national, regional and local level to mitigate greenhouse gases. This paper aims to examine local and regional resilient policy actions to reduce greenhouse gases using the empirical case of Iskandar Malaysia. The study case is selected because it is one of the fast developing economic corridor regions in Malaysia. In this study, a low carbon society blueprint is initiated to guide the rapid development of this economic corridor towards low carbon green growth. The blueprint provides the sustainable green growth roadmap with major 12 actions for the region. It is done through a bottom-up approach where stakeholder discussions are carried out to allow local communities participation in the plan formulation.

5. VAL LAUNCHER BRIDGE OVER LAUNCHER SLAB TAKEN FROM RESERVOIR ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. VAL LAUNCHER BRIDGE OVER LAUNCHER SLAB TAKEN FROM RESERVOIR LOOKING NORTH. - Variable Angle Launcher Complex, Variable Angle Launcher, CA State Highway 39 at Morris Reservior, Azusa, Los Angeles County, CA

Application of variable-gain output feedback for high-alpha control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ostroff, Aaron J.

1990-01-01

A variable-gain, optimal, discrete, output feedback design approach that is applied to a nonlinear flight regime is described. The flight regime covers a wide angle-of-attack range that includes stall and post stall. The paper includes brief descriptions of the variable-gain formulation, the discrete-control structure and flight equations used to apply the design approach, and the high performance airplane model used in the application. Both linear and nonlinear analysis are shown for a longitudinal four-model design case with angles of attack of 5, 15, 35, and 60 deg. Linear and nonlinear simulations are compared for a single-point longitudinal design at 60 deg angle of attack. Nonlinear simulations for the four-model, multi-mode, variable-gain design include a longitudinal pitch-up and pitch-down maneuver and high angle-of-attack regulation during a lateral maneuver.

The effect of dimple error on the horizontal launch angle and side spin of the golf ball during putting.

PubMed

Richardson, Ashley K; Mitchell, Andrew C S; Hughes, Gerwyn

2017-02-01

This study aimed to examine the effect of the impact point on the golf ball on the horizontal launch angle and side spin during putting with a mechanical putting arm and human participants. Putts of 3.2 m were completed with a mechanical putting arm (four putter-ball combinations, total of 160 trials) and human participants (two putter-ball combinations, total of 337 trials). The centre of the dimple pattern (centroid) was located and the following variables were measured: distance and angle of the impact point from the centroid and surface area of the impact zone. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify whether impact variables had significant associations with ball roll variables, horizontal launch angle and side spin. Significant associations were identified between impact variables and horizontal launch angle with the mechanical putting arm but this was not replicated with human participants. The variability caused by "dimple error" was minimal with the mechanical putting arm and not evident with human participants. Differences between the mechanical putting arm and human participants may be due to the way impulse is imparted on the ball. Therefore it is concluded that variability of impact point on the golf ball has a minimal effect on putting performance.

Apparatus and method for variable angle slant hole collimator

DOEpatents

Lee, Seung Joon; Kross, Brian J.; McKisson, John E.

2017-07-18

A variable angle slant hole (VASH) collimator for providing collimation of high energy photons such as gamma rays during radiological imaging of humans. The VASH collimator includes a stack of multiple collimator leaves and a means of quickly aligning each leaf to provide various projection angles. Rather than rotate the detector around the subject, the VASH collimator enables the detector to remain stationary while the projection angle of the collimator is varied for tomographic acquisition. High collimator efficiency is achieved by maintaining the leaves in accurate alignment through the various projection angles. Individual leaves include unique angled cuts to maintain a precise target collimation angle. Matching wedge blocks driven by two actuators with twin-lead screws accurately position each leaf in the stack resulting in the precise target collimation angle. A computer interface with the actuators enables precise control of the projection angle of the collimator.

Redesigning the MCAT exam: balancing multiple perspectives.

PubMed

Schwartzstein, Richard M; Rosenfeld, Gary C; Hilborn, Robert; Oyewole, Saundra Herndon; Mitchell, Karen

2013-05-01

The authors of this commentary discuss the recently completed review of the current Medical College Admission Test (MCAT), which has been used since 1991, and describe the blueprint for the new test that will be introduced in 2015. The design of the MCAT exam reflects changes in medical education, medical science, health care delivery, and the needs of the populations served by graduates of U.S. and Canadian medical schools. The authors describe how balancing the ambitious goals for the new exam and the varying priorities of the testing program's many stakeholders made blueprint design complex. They discuss the tensions and trade-offs that characterized the design process as well as the deliberations and data that shaped the blueprint.The blueprint for the MCAT exam balances the assessment of a broad range of competencies in the natural, social, and behavioral sciences and critical analysis and reasoning skills that are essential to entering students' success in medical school. The exam will include four sections: Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems; Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems; Psychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of Behavior; and Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills.The authors also offer recommendations for admission committees, advising them to review applicants' test scores, course work, and other academic, personal, and experiential credentials as part of a holistic admission process and in relation to their institutions' educational, scientific, clinical, and service-oriented goals.

Design and Testing of a Morphing Wing for an Experimental UAV

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-11-01

line through the use of conformal flaps [6]. Variable cant angle winglets [7] and variable span wing [8] research has also been made. RTO-MP-AVT...A.Gatto and M.I. Friswell, “The Application of Variable Cant Angle Winglets for Morphing Aircraft Control”, University of Bristol, AIAA2006-3660, 2006

Does practicing a wide range of joint angle configurations lead to higher flexibility in a manual obstacle-avoidance target-pointing task?

PubMed Central

Bootsma, Reinoud J.; Schoemaker, Marina M.; Otten, Egbert; Mouton, Leonora J.; Bongers, Raoul M.

2017-01-01

Flexibility in motor actions can be defined as variability in the use of degrees of freedom (e.g., joint angles in the arm) over repetitions while keeping performance (e.g., fingertip position) stabilized. We examined whether flexibility can be increased through enlarging the joint angle range during practice in a manual obstacle-avoidance target-pointing task. To establish differences in flexibility we partitioned the variability in joint angles over repetitions in variability within (GEV) and variability outside the solution space (NGEV). More GEV than NGEV reflects flexibility; when the ratio of the GEV and NGEV is higher, flexibility is higher. The pretest and posttest consisted of 30 repetitions of manual pointing to a target while moving over a 10 cm high obstacle. To enlarge the joint angle range during practice participants performed 600 target-pointing movements while moving over obstacles of different heights (5–9 cm, 11–15 cm). The results indicated that practicing movements over obstacles of different heights led participants to use enlarged range of joint angles compared to the range of joint angles used in movements over the 10 cm obstacle in the pretest. However, for each individual obstacle neither joint angle variance nor flexibility were higher during practice. We also did not find more flexibility after practice. In the posttest, joint angle variance was in fact smaller than before practice, primarily in GEV. The potential influences of learning effects and the task used that could underlie the results obtained are discussed. We conclude that with this specific type of practice in this specific task, enlarging the range of joint angles does not lead to more flexibility. PMID:28700695

The correlation between calcaneal valgus angle and asymmetrical thoracic-lumbar rotation angles in patients with adolescent scoliosis.

PubMed

Park, Jaeyong; Lee, Sang Gil; Bae, Jongjin; Lee, Jung Chul

2015-12-01

[Purpose] This study aimed to provide a predictable evaluation method for the progression of scoliosis in adolescents based on quick and reliable measurements using the naked eye, such as the calcaneal valgus angle of the foot, which can be performed at public facilities such as schools. [Subjects and Methods] Idiopathic scoliosis patients with a Cobb's angle of 10° or more (96 females, 22 males) were included in this study. To identify relationships between factors, Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient was computed. The degree of scoliosis was set as a dependent variable to predict thoracic and lumbar scoliosis using ankle angle and physique factors. Height, weight, and left and right calcaneal valgus angles were set as independent variables; thereafter, multiple regression analysis was performed. This study extracted variables at a significance level (α) of 0.05 by applying a stepwise method, and calculated a regression equation. [Results] Negative correlation (R=-0.266) was shown between lumbar lordosis and asymmetrical lumbar rotation angles. A correlation (R=0.281) was also demonstrated between left calcaneal valgus angles and asymmetrical thoracic rotation angles. [Conclusion] Prediction of scoliosis progress was revealed to be possible through ocular inspection of the calcaneus and Adams forward bending test and the use of a scoliometer.

Marshall Team Recreates Goddard Rocket

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

In honor of the Centernial of Flight celebration and commissioned by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), a team of engineers from Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) built a replica of the first liquid-fueled rocket. The original rocket, designed and built by rocket engineering pioneer Robert H. Goddard in 1926, opened the door to modern rocketry. Goddard's rocket reached an altitude of 41 feet while its flight lasted only 2.5 seconds. The Marshall design team's plan was to stay as close as possible to an authentic reconstruction of Goddard's rocket. The same propellants were used - liquid oxygen and gasoline - as available during Goddard's initial testing and firing. The team also tried to construct the replica using the original materials and design to the greatest extent possible. By purposely using less advanced techniques and materials than many that are available today, the team encountered numerous technical challenges in testing the functional hardware. There were no original blueprints or drawings, only photographs and notes. However, this faithful adherence to historical accuracy has also allowed the team to experience many of the same challenges Goddard faced 77 years ago, and more fully appreciate the genius of this extraordinary man. The replica will undergo ground tests at MSFC this summer.

Around Marshall

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-07-01

In honor of the Centernial of Flight celebration and commissioned by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), a team of engineers from Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) built a replica of the first liquid-fueled rocket. The original rocket, designed and built by rocket engineering pioneer Robert H. Goddard in 1926, opened the door to modern rocketry. Goddard's rocket reached an altitude of 41 feet while its flight lasted only 2.5 seconds. The Marshall design team's plan was to stay as close as possible to an authentic reconstruction of Goddard's rocket. The same propellants were used - liquid oxygen and gasoline - as available during Goddard's initial testing and firing. The team also tried to construct the replica using the original materials and design to the greatest extent possible. By purposely using less advanced techniques and materials than many that are available today, the team encountered numerous technical challenges in testing the functional hardware. There were no original blueprints or drawings, only photographs and notes. However, this faithful adherence to historical accuracy has also allowed the team to experience many of the same challenges Goddard faced 77 years ago, and more fully appreciate the genius of this extraordinary man. The replica will undergo ground tests at MSFC this summer.

Applying genetic algorithms to set the optimal combination of forest fire related variables and model forest fire susceptibility based on data mining models. The case of Dayu County, China.

PubMed

Hong, Haoyuan; Tsangaratos, Paraskevas; Ilia, Ioanna; Liu, Junzhi; Zhu, A-Xing; Xu, Chong

2018-07-15

The main objective of the present study was to utilize Genetic Algorithms (GA) in order to obtain the optimal combination of forest fire related variables and apply data mining methods for constructing a forest fire susceptibility map. In the proposed approach, a Random Forest (RF) and a Support Vector Machine (SVM) was used to produce a forest fire susceptibility map for the Dayu County which is located in southwest of Jiangxi Province, China. For this purpose, historic forest fires and thirteen forest fire related variables were analyzed, namely: elevation, slope angle, aspect, curvature, land use, soil cover, heat load index, normalized difference vegetation index, mean annual temperature, mean annual wind speed, mean annual rainfall, distance to river network and distance to road network. The Natural Break and the Certainty Factor method were used to classify and weight the thirteen variables, while a multicollinearity analysis was performed to determine the correlation among the variables and decide about their usability. The optimal set of variables, determined by the GA limited the number of variables into eight excluding from the analysis, aspect, land use, heat load index, distance to river network and mean annual rainfall. The performance of the forest fire models was evaluated by using the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) based on the validation dataset. Overall, the RF models gave higher AUC values. Also the results showed that the proposed optimized models outperform the original models. Specifically, the optimized RF model gave the best results (0.8495), followed by the original RF (0.8169), while the optimized SVM gave lower values (0.7456) than the RF, however higher than the original SVM (0.7148) model. The study highlights the significance of feature selection techniques in forest fire susceptibility, whereas data mining methods could be considered as a valid approach for forest fire susceptibility modeling. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effects of elasticity and geometry on the locomotion of a model bacterium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nguyen, Frank; Graham, Michael

2017-11-01

The locomotion of flagellated bacteria in viscous fluid provides the blueprint for a number of micro-scale engineering applications. The elasticities of both the hook protein (connecting cell body and flagellum) and the flagella themselves play a key role in determining the stability of locomotion. We use a coarse-grained discretization of elastic flagella connected to a rigid cell body to examine trajectories and flow fields for free swimmers. We indeed find that hook and/or flagellar buckling occurs above a critical flexibility relative to the swimmer's torque input. This renders straight swimming ineffective, though not necessarily undesirable in practice. Simulations with multiple flagella show bundling may partially stabilize the buckling effect. For a single flagellum or single bundle, we define a parameter space of characteristic angles tracking the overall time-averaged shape of the swimmer while also delineating stability boundaries between different modes of buckling. Ultimately our results may provide insight on how swimmers move through complex environments and how to design microrobotic swimmers for specific applications. NHS, GERS.

Association of spinal deformity and pelvic tilt with gait asymmetry in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients: Investigation of ground reaction force.

PubMed

Park, Yang Sun; Lim, Young Tae; Koh, Kyung; Kim, Jong Moon; Kwon, Hyun Joon; Yang, Ji Seung; Shim, Jae Kun

2016-07-01

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is a prevalent orthopedic problem in children ages 10 to 16years. Although genetic, physiological and biomechanical factors are considered to contribute to the onset and progression of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, the underlying mechanisms are not yet clear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between spinal deformity and inter-leg ground reaction force asymmetry during walking in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients. Fourteen patients (3 males and 11 females) participated in this study. Maximum Cobb's angle, adjusted Cobb's angle, and pelvic tilt were calculated from X-ray images. Asymmetry indices between legs were also calculated from ground reaction force magnitude and time variables from their preferred speed walking. Pearson coefficients of correlation were used to investigate associations of asymmetry indices with angle variables. Asymmetry indices of ground reaction force magnitudes positively correlated with adjusted Cobb's angle and maximum Cobb's angle mainly during the peak of braking phase, average of braking phase, while asymmetry indices of ground reaction force time variables showed no significant correlation with adjusted or maximum Cobb's angle. In contrast, asymmetry indices of ground reaction force time variables positively correlated with pelvic tilt during stance phase. We concluded that the spinal deformity of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients estimated using the maximum and adjusted Cobb's angles is generally associated with greater asymmetry of ground reaction force magnitudes in walking, while the pelvic tilt is associated with the greater asymmetry of ground reaction force time variables. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The influence of lower leg configurations on muscle force variability.

PubMed

Ofori, Edward; Shim, Jaeho; Sosnoff, Jacob J

2018-04-11

The maintenance of steady contractions is required in many daily tasks. However, there is little understanding of how various lower limb configurations influence the ability to maintain force. The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the influence of joint angle on various lower-limb constant force contractions. Nineteen adults performed knee extension, knee flexion, and ankle plantarflexion isometric force contractions to 11 target forces, ranging from 2 to 95% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) at 2 angles. Force variability was quantified with mean force, standard deviation, and the coefficient of variation of force output. Non-linearities in force output were quantified with approximate entropy. Curve fitting analyses were performed on each set of data from each individual across contractions to further examine whether joint angle interacts with global functions of lower-limb force variability. Joint angle had significant effects on the model parameters used to describe the force-variability function for each muscle contraction (p < 0.05). Regularities in force output were more explained by force level in smaller angle conditions relative to the larger angle conditions (p < 0.05). The findings support the notion that limb configuration influences the magnitude and regularities in force production. Biomechanical factors, such as joint angle, along with neurophysiological factors should be considered together in the discussion of the dynamics of constant force production. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

64. DETAIL OF CONNECTIONS FOR SIXTEEN CABLES AT THE CARRIAGE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

64. DETAIL OF CONNECTIONS FOR SIXTEEN CABLES AT THE CARRIAGE SUPPORT STRUCTURE, STRUCTURE. April 20, 1948. 1048. - Variable Angle Launcher Complex, Variable Angle Launcher, CA State Highway 39 at Morris Reservior, Azusa, Los Angeles County, CA

21. VAL, DETAIL OF MUZZLE END OF LAUNCHER BRIDGE SHOWING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

21. VAL, DETAIL OF MUZZLE END OF LAUNCHER BRIDGE SHOWING BOTH LAUNCHER TUBES TAKEN FROM RESERVOIR LOOKING NORTH. - Variable Angle Launcher Complex, Variable Angle Launcher, CA State Highway 39 at Morris Reservior, Azusa, Los Angeles County, CA

18. VAL, DETAIL OF LAUNCHER BRIDGE ALONG THE SIDE OF ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

18. VAL, DETAIL OF LAUNCHER BRIDGE ALONG THE SIDE OF THE 32' DIAMETER LAUNCHING TUBE LOOKING SOUTHWEST. - Variable Angle Launcher Complex, Variable Angle Launcher, CA State Highway 39 at Morris Reservior, Azusa, Los Angeles County, CA

32. VAL, DETAIL SHOWING LOADING PLATFORM, PROJECTILE LOADING CAR, LAUNCHER ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

32. VAL, DETAIL SHOWING LOADING PLATFORM, PROJECTILE LOADING CAR, LAUNCHER SLAB AND UNDERSIDE OF LAUNCHER BRIDGE LOOKING SOUTHWEST. - Variable Angle Launcher Complex, Variable Angle Launcher, CA State Highway 39 at Morris Reservior, Azusa, Los Angeles County, CA

The Origin of Soft X-rays in DQ Herculis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

White, Nicholas E. (Technical Monitor); Mukai, K.; Still, M.; Ringwald, F. A.

2002-01-01

DQ Herculis (Nova Herculis 1934) is a deeply eclipsing cataclysmic variable containing a magnetic white dwarf primary. The accretion disk is thought to block our line of sight to the white dwarf at all orbital phases due to its extreme inclination angle. Nevertheless, soft X-rays were detected from DQ Her with ROSAT PSPC. To probe the origin of these soft X-rays, we have performed Chandra ACIS observations. We confirm that DQ Her is an X-ray source. The bulk of the X-rays are from a point-like source and exhibit a shallow partial eclipse. We interpret this as due to scattering of the unseen central X-ray source, probably in an accretion disk wind. At the same time, we detect weak extended X-ray features around DQ Her, which we interpret as an X-ray emitting knot in the nova shell.

Ten per cent polarized optical emission from GRB 090102.

PubMed

Steele, I A; Mundell, C G; Smith, R J; Kobayashi, S; Guidorzi, C

2009-12-10

The nature of the jets and the role of magnetic fields in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) remains unclear. In a baryon-dominated jet only weak, tangled fields generated in situ through shocks would be present. In an alternative model, jets are threaded with large-scale magnetic fields that originate at the central engine and that accelerate and collimate the material. To distinguish between the models the degree of polarization in early-time emission must be measured; however, previous claims of gamma-ray polarization have been controversial. Here we report that the early optical emission from GRB 090102 was polarized at 10 +/- 1 per cent, indicating the presence of large-scale fields originating in the expanding fireball. If the degree of polarization and its position angle were variable on timescales shorter than our 60-second exposure, then the peak polarization may have been larger than ten per cent.

Development of Advanced Methods of Structural and Trajectory Analysis for Transport Aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ardema, Mark D.; Windhorst, Robert; Phillips, James

1998-01-01

This paper develops a near-optimal guidance law for generating minimum fuel, time, or cost fixed-range trajectories for supersonic transport aircraft. The approach uses a choice of new state variables along with singular perturbation techniques to time-scale decouple the dynamic equations into multiple equations of single order (second order for the fast dynamics). Application of the maximum principle to each of the decoupled equations, as opposed to application to the original coupled equations, avoids the two point boundary value problem and transforms the problem from one of a functional optimization to one of multiple function optimizations. It is shown that such an approach produces well known aircraft performance results such as minimizing the Brequet factor for minimum fuel consumption and the energy climb path. Furthermore, the new state variables produce a consistent calculation of flight path angle along the trajectory, eliminating one of the deficiencies in the traditional energy state approximation. In addition, jumps in the energy climb path are smoothed out by integration of the original dynamic equations at constant load factor. Numerical results performed for a supersonic transport design show that a pushover dive followed by a pullout at nominal load factors are sufficient maneuvers to smooth the jump.

Optimization of Supersonic Transport Trajectories

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ardema, Mark D.; Windhorst, Robert; Phillips, James

1998-01-01

This paper develops a near-optimal guidance law for generating minimum fuel, time, or cost fixed-range trajectories for supersonic transport aircraft. The approach uses a choice of new state variables along with singular perturbation techniques to time-scale decouple the dynamic equations into multiple equations of single order (second order for the fast dynamics). Application of the maximum principle to each of the decoupled equations, as opposed to application to the original coupled equations, avoids the two point boundary value problem and transforms the problem from one of a functional optimization to one of multiple function optimizations. It is shown that such an approach produces well known aircraft performance results such as minimizing the Brequet factor for minimum fuel consumption and the energy climb path. Furthermore, the new state variables produce a consistent calculation of flight path angle along the trajectory, eliminating one of the deficiencies in the traditional energy state approximation. In addition, jumps in the energy climb path are smoothed out by integration of the original dynamic equations at constant load factor. Numerical results performed for a supersonic transport design show that a pushover dive followed by a pullout at nominal load factors are sufficient maneuvers to smooth the jump.

34. VAL, DETAIL OF STAIRS ON COUNTERWEIGHT SLAB WITH COUNTERWEIGHT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

34. VAL, DETAIL OF STAIRS ON COUNTERWEIGHT SLAB WITH COUNTERWEIGHT CAR RAILS ON RIGHT AND PERSONNEL CAR RAILS ON LEFT. - Variable Angle Launcher Complex, Variable Angle Launcher, CA State Highway 39 at Morris Reservior, Azusa, Los Angeles County, CA

27. VAL, DETAIL OF LAUNCHER SLAB AND LAUNCHER RAIL WITH ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

27. VAL, DETAIL OF LAUNCHER SLAB AND LAUNCHER RAIL WITH 7 INCH DIAMETER HOLE FOR SUPPORT CARRIAGE LOCKING PIN. - Variable Angle Launcher Complex, Variable Angle Launcher, CA State Highway 39 at Morris Reservior, Azusa, Los Angeles County, CA

The BLUEPRINT Data Analysis Portal.

PubMed

Fernández, José María; de la Torre, Victor; Richardson, David; Royo, Romina; Puiggròs, Montserrat; Moncunill, Valentí; Fragkogianni, Stamatina; Clarke, Laura; Flicek, Paul; Rico, Daniel; Torrents, David; Carrillo de Santa Pau, Enrique; Valencia, Alfonso

2016-11-23

The impact of large and complex epigenomic datasets on biological insights or clinical applications is limited by the lack of accessibility by easy, intuitive, and fast tools. Here, we describe an epigenomics comparative cyber-infrastructure (EPICO), an open-access reference set of libraries to develop comparative epigenomic data portals. Using EPICO, large epigenome projects can make available their rich datasets to the community without requiring specific technical skills. As a first instance of EPICO, we implemented the BLUEPRINT Data Analysis Portal (BDAP). BDAP provides a desktop for the comparative analysis of epigenomes of hematopoietic cell types based on results, such as the position of epigenetic features, from basic analysis pipelines. The BDAP interface facilitates interactive exploration of genomic regions, genes, and pathways in the context of differentiation of hematopoietic lineages. This work represents initial steps toward broadly accessible integrative analysis of epigenomic data across international consortia. EPICO can be accessed at https://github.com/inab, and BDAP can be accessed at http://blueprint-data.bsc.es. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A Blueprint for Transitioning Pharmacy Residents Into Successful Clinical Faculty Members in Colleges and Schools of Pharmacy

PubMed Central

Garey, Kevin W.

2013-01-01

With the increase of new pharmacy colleges and schools throughout the country, the number of open clinical academic pharmacy positions continues to grow. Considering the abundance of clinical faculty positions available nationwide and the increased likelihood of current pharmacy residents transitioning from residency directly into academia, pharmacy residents must be prepared to succeed in the role of new clinical faculty member. However, no blueprint or recommendations have yet been provided to facilitate this transition. The purpose of this review article is to evaluate the literature regarding transitioning pharmacy students and/or residents into faculty roles. The literature reviewed represents nursing, medical, graduate school, and engineering disciplines because no literature on this topic was available from the pharmacy profession. Based on the recommendations provided in the literature and on the authors’ experience at their college, they created a blueprint consisting of 7 components to help residents transition directly into their roles as faculty members. PMID:24249862

Improving Support for America's Hidden Heroes

PubMed Central

Terri, Tanielian; Kathryn E., Bouskill; Rajeev, Ramchand; Esther M., Friedman; Thomas E., Trail; Angela, Clague

2018-01-01

Abstract The United States is home to more than 21 million veterans, many of whom deployed to support combat operations around the globe during their military service and sustained service-related conditions or disabilities. Supporting these wounded, ill, and injured warriors once home are millions of informal caregivers—individuals who provide unpaid support with activities that enable the service member or veteran to live in a noninstitutionalized setting. In this study, researchers describe elements of a research blueprint to inform future efforts to improve support for military and veteran caregivers. To construct this blueprint, researchers inventoried currently available research on caregiving for disabled adults and children and gathered stakeholder input by conducting a survey and facilitating an online panel. The study highlights the need for more studies that examine how military and veteran caregiver needs evolve over time, how programs are working, and how caregiving affects specific subgroups. The resulting blueprint should serve as a guide for the caregiver support community to use in prioritizing and facilitating future research. PMID:29416949

The NAPLEX: Evolution, Purpose, Scope, and Educational Implications

PubMed Central

Boyle, Maria; Catizone, Carmen A.

2008-01-01

Since 2004, passing the North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination (NAPLEX) has been a requirement for earning initial pharmacy licensure in all 50 United States. The creation and evolution from 1952-2005 of the particular pharmacy competency testing areas and quantities of questions are described for the former paper-and-pencil National Association of Boards of Pharmacy Licensure Examination (NABPLEX) and the current candidate-specific computer adaptive NAPLEX pharmacy licensure examinations. A 40% increase in the weighting of NAPLEX Blueprint Area 2 in May 2005, compared to that in the preceding 1997-2005 Blueprint, has implications for candidates' NAPLEX performance and associated curricular content and instruction. New pharmacy graduates' scores on the NAPLEX are neither intended nor validated to serve as a criterion for assessing or judging the quality or effectiveness of pharmacy curricula and instruction. The newest cycle of NAPLEX Blueprint revision, a continual process to ensure representation of nationwide contemporary practice, began in early 2008. It may take up to 2 years, including surveying several thousand national pharmacists, to complete. PMID:18483600

The NAPLEX: evolution, purpose, scope, and educational implications.

PubMed

Newton, David W; Boyle, Maria; Catizone, Carmen A

2008-04-15

Since 2004, passing the North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination (NAPLEX) has been a requirement for earning initial pharmacy licensure in all 50 United States. The creation and evolution from 1952-2005 of the particular pharmacy competency testing areas and quantities of questions are described for the former paper-and-pencil National Association of Boards of Pharmacy Licensure Examination (NABPLEX) and the current candidate-specific computer adaptive NAPLEX pharmacy licensure examinations. A 40% increase in the weighting of NAPLEX Blueprint Area 2 in May 2005, compared to that in the preceding 1997-2005 Blueprint, has implications for candidates' NAPLEX performance and associated curricular content and instruction. New pharmacy graduates' scores on the NAPLEX are neither intended nor validated to serve as a criterion for assessing or judging the quality or effectiveness of pharmacy curricula and instruction. The newest cycle of NAPLEX Blueprint revision, a continual process to ensure representation of nationwide contemporary practice, began in early 2008. It may take up to 2 years, including surveying several thousand national pharmacists, to complete.

Evaluation of the iPhone with an acrylic sleeve versus the Scoliometer for rib hump measurement in scoliosis.

PubMed

Izatt, Maree T; Bateman, Gary R; Adam, Clayton J

2012-07-30

Vertebral rotation found in structural scoliosis contributes to trunkal asymmetry which is commonly measured with a simple Scoliometer device on a patient's thorax in the forward flexed position. The new generation of mobile 'smartphones' have an integrated accelerometer, making accurate angle measurement possible, which provides a potentially useful clinical tool for assessing rib hump deformity. This study aimed to compare rib hump angle measurements performed using a Smartphone and traditional Scoliometer on a set of plaster torsos representing the range of torsional deformities seen in clinical practice. Nine observers measured the rib hump found on eight plaster torsos moulded from scoliosis patients with both a Scoliometer and an Apple iPhone on separate occasions. Each observer repeated the measurements at least a week after the original measurements, and were blinded to previous results. Intra-observer reliability and inter-observer reliability were analysed using the method of Bland and Altman and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The Intra-Class Correlation Coefficients (ICC) were calculated for repeated measurements of each of the eight plaster torso moulds by the nine observers. Mean absolute difference between pairs of iPhone/Scoliometer measurements was 2.1 degrees, with a small (1 degrees) bias toward higher rib hump angles with the iPhone. 95% confidence intervals for intra-observer variability were +/- 1.8 degrees (Scoliometer) and +/- 3.2 degrees (iPhone). 95% confidence intervals for inter-observer variability were +/- 4.9 degrees (iPhone) and +/- 3.8 degrees (Scoliometer). The measurement errors and confidence intervals found were similar to or better than the range of previously published thoracic rib hump measurement studies. The iPhone is a clinically equivalent rib hump measurement tool to the Scoliometer in spinal deformity patients. The novel use of plaster torsos as rib hump models avoids the variables of patient fatigue and discomfort, inconsistent positioning and deformity progression using human subjects in a single or multiple measurement sessions.

Evaluation of the iPhone with an acrylic sleeve versus the Scoliometer for rib hump measurement in scoliosis

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Vertebral rotation found in structural scoliosis contributes to trunkal asymmetry which is commonly measured with a simple Scoliometer device on a patient's thorax in the forward flexed position. The new generation of mobile 'smartphones' have an integrated accelerometer, making accurate angle measurement possible, which provides a potentially useful clinical tool for assessing rib hump deformity. This study aimed to compare rib hump angle measurements performed using a Smartphone and traditional Scoliometer on a set of plaster torsos representing the range of torsional deformities seen in clinical practice. Methods Nine observers measured the rib hump found on eight plaster torsos moulded from scoliosis patients with both a Scoliometer and an Apple iPhone on separate occasions. Each observer repeated the measurements at least a week after the original measurements, and were blinded to previous results. Intra-observer reliability and inter-observer reliability were analysed using the method of Bland and Altman and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The Intra-Class Correlation Coefficients (ICC) were calculated for repeated measurements of each of the eight plaster torso moulds by the nine observers. Results Mean absolute difference between pairs of iPhone/Scoliometer measurements was 2.1 degrees, with a small (1 degrees) bias toward higher rib hump angles with the iPhone. 95% confidence intervals for intra-observer variability were +/- 1.8 degrees (Scoliometer) and +/- 3.2 degrees (iPhone). 95% confidence intervals for inter-observer variability were +/- 4.9 degrees (iPhone) and +/- 3.8 degrees (Scoliometer). The measurement errors and confidence intervals found were similar to or better than the range of previously published thoracic rib hump measurement studies. Conclusions The iPhone is a clinically equivalent rib hump measurement tool to the Scoliometer in spinal deformity patients. The novel use of plaster torsos as rib hump models avoids the variables of patient fatigue and discomfort, inconsistent positioning and deformity progression using human subjects in a single or multiple measurement sessions. PMID:22846346

A Robust Parameterization of Human Gait Patterns Across Phase-Shifting Perturbations

PubMed Central

Villarreal, Dario J.; Poonawala, Hasan A.; Gregg, Robert D.

2016-01-01

The phase of human gait is difficult to quantify accurately in the presence of disturbances. In contrast, recent bipedal robots use time-independent controllers relying on a mechanical phase variable to synchronize joint patterns through the gait cycle. This concept has inspired studies to determine if human joint patterns can also be parameterized by a mechanical variable. Although many phase variable candidates have been proposed, it remains unclear which, if any, provide a robust representation of phase for human gait analysis or control. In this paper we analytically derive an ideal phase variable (the hip phase angle) that is provably monotonic and bounded throughout the gait cycle. To examine the robustness of this phase variable, ten able-bodied human subjects walked over a platform that randomly applied phase-shifting perturbations to the stance leg. A statistical analysis found the correlations between nominal and perturbed joint trajectories to be significantly greater when parameterized by the hip phase angle (0.95+) than by time or a different phase variable. The hip phase angle also best parameterized the transient errors about the nominal periodic orbit. Finally, interlimb phasing was best explained by local (ipsilateral) hip phase angles that are synchronized during the double-support period. PMID:27187967

Age and sex influences on running mechanics and coordination variability.

PubMed

Boyer, Katherine A; Freedman Silvernail, Julia; Hamill, Joseph

2017-11-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of age on running mechanics separately for male and female runners and to quantify sex differences in running mechanics and coordination variability for older runners. Kinematics and kinetics were captured for 20 younger (10 male) and 20 older (10 male) adults running overground at 3.5 m · s -1 . A modified vector coding technique was used to calculate segment coordination variability. Lower extremity joint angles, moments and segment coordination variability were compared between age and sex groups. Significant sex-age interaction effects were found for heel-strike hip flexion and ankle in/eversion angles and peak ankle dorsiflexion angle. In older adults, mid-stance knee flexion angle, ankle inversion and abduction moments and hip abduction and external rotation moments differed by sex. Older compared with younger females had reduced coordination variability in the thigh-shank transverse plane couple but greater coordination variability for the shank rotation-foot eversion couple in early stance. These results suggest there may be a non-equivalent aging process in the movement mechanics for males and females. The age and sex differences in running mechanics and coordination variability highlight the need for sex-based analyses for future studies examining injury risk with age.

1. VARIABLEANGLE LAUNCHER CAMERA CAR, VIEW OF CAMERA CAR AND ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. VARIABLE-ANGLE LAUNCHER CAMERA CAR, VIEW OF CAMERA CAR AND TRACK WITH CAMERA STATION ABOVE LOOKING NORTH TAKEN FROM RESERVOIR. - Variable Angle Launcher Complex, Camera Car & Track, CA State Highway 39 at Morris Reservior, Azusa, Los Angeles County, CA

33. VAL, DETAIL OF PERSONNEL CAR AT THE TOP OF ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

33. VAL, DETAIL OF PERSONNEL CAR AT THE TOP OF THE COUNTERWEIGHT SLAB WITH THE COUNTERWEIGHT CAR IN DISTANCE LOOKING NORTH. - Variable Angle Launcher Complex, Variable Angle Launcher, CA State Highway 39 at Morris Reservior, Azusa, Los Angeles County, CA

4. VAL PARTIAL ELEVATION SHOWING LAUNCHER BRIDGE ON SUPPORTS, LAUNCHER ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. VAL PARTIAL ELEVATION SHOWING LAUNCHER BRIDGE ON SUPPORTS, LAUNCHER SLAB, SUPPORT CARRIAGE, CONCRETE 'A' FRAME STRUCTURE AND CAMERA TOWER LOOKING SOUTHEAST. - Variable Angle Launcher Complex, Variable Angle Launcher, CA State Highway 39 at Morris Reservior, Azusa, Los Angeles County, CA

Action-angle variables for the harmonic oscillator: Ambiguity spin × duplication spin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de Oliveira, César R.; Malta, Coraci P.

1984-07-01

The difficulties of obtaining for the harmonic oscillator a well-defined unitary transformation to action-angle variables were overcome by M. Moshinsky and T. H. Seligman ( Ann. Phys. (N.Y.)114 (1978), 243) through the introduction of a spinlike variable (ambiguity spin) from a classical point of view. The difficulty of defining a unitary phase operator for the harmonic oscillator was overcome by Roger G. Newton ( Ann. Phys. (N.Y.)124 (1980), 324) also through the introduction of a spinlike variable (named duplication spin by us) but within a quantum framework. Here the relation between the ambiguity spin and the duplication spin is investigated by introducing these two types of spins in the canonical transformation to action-angle variables. In this way both well-defined unitary transformation and phase operators were obtained.

Application of artificial neural networks to thermal detection of disbonds

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Prabhu, D. R.; Howell, P. A.; Syed, H. I.; Winfree, W. P.

1992-01-01

A novel technique for processing thermal data is presented and applied to simulation as well as experimental data. Using a neural network of thermal data classification, good classification accuracies are obtained, and the resulting images exhibit very good contrast between bonded and disbonded locations. In order to minimize the preprocessing required before using the network of classification, the temperature values were directly employed to train a network using data from an on-site testing run of a commercial aircraft. Training was extremely fast, and the resulting classification also agreed reasonably well with an ultrasonic characterization of the panel. The results obtained using one sample show the partially disbonded vertical doubler. The vertical lines along the doubler correspond to the original extent of the doubler obtained using blueprints of the aircraft.

Optical polarization of high-energy BL Lacertae objects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hovatta, T.; Lindfors, E.; Blinov, D.; Pavlidou, V.; Nilsson, K.; Kiehlmann, S.; Angelakis, E.; Fallah Ramazani, V.; Liodakis, I.; Myserlis, I.; Panopoulou, G. V.; Pursimo, T.

2016-12-01

Context. We investigate the optical polarization properties of high-energy BL Lac objects using data from the RoboPol blazar monitoring program and the Nordic Optical Telescope. Aims: We wish to understand if there are differences between the BL Lac objects that have been detected with the current-generation TeV instruments and those objects that have not yet been detected. Methods: We used a maximum-likelihood method to investigate the optical polarization fraction and its variability in these sources. In order to study the polarization position angle variability, we calculated the time derivative of the electric vector position angle (EVPA) change. We also studied the spread in the Stokes Q/I-U/I plane and rotations in the polarization plane. Results: The mean polarization fraction of the TeV-detected BL Lacs is 5%, while the non-TeV sources show a higher mean polarization fraction of 7%. This difference in polarization fraction disappears when the dilution by the unpolarized light of the host galaxy is accounted for. The TeV sources show somewhat lower fractional polarization variability amplitudes than the non-TeV sources. Also the fraction of sources with a smaller spread in the Q/I-U/I plane and a clumped distribution of points away from the origin, possibly indicating a preferred polarization angle, is larger in the TeV than in the non-TeV sources. These differences between TeV and non-TeV samples seem to arise from differences between intermediate and high spectral peaking sources instead of the TeV detection. When the EVPA variations are studied, the rate of EVPA change is similar in both samples. We detect significant EVPA rotations in both TeV and non-TeV sources, showing that rotations can occur in high spectral peaking BL Lac objects when the monitoring cadence is dense enough. Our simulations show that we cannot exclude a random walk origin for these rotations. Conclusions: These results indicate that there are no intrinsic differences in the polarization properties of the TeV-detected and non-TeV-detected high-energy BL Lac objects. This suggests that the polarization properties are not directly related to the TeV-detection, but instead the TeV loudness is connected to the general flaring activity, redshift, and the synchrotron peak location. The polarization curve data are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (http://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/596/A78

79. VIEW OF VAL FIRING RANGE LOOKING SOUTHWEST SHOWING LAUNCHER ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

79. VIEW OF VAL FIRING RANGE LOOKING SOUTHWEST SHOWING LAUNCHER BRIDGE, BARGES, SONAR BUOY RANGE AND MORRIS DAM IN BACKGROUND, June 10, 1948. - Variable Angle Launcher Complex, Variable Angle Launcher, CA State Highway 39 at Morris Reservior, Azusa, Los Angeles County, CA

76. FIRST TEST SHOT OF THE VAL AT THE DEDICATION ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

76. FIRST TEST SHOT OF THE VAL AT THE DEDICATION CEREMONIES AS SEEN FROM THE OBSERVATION DECK ABOVE THE CONTROL STATION, May 7, 1948. - Variable Angle Launcher Complex, Variable Angle Launcher, CA State Highway 39 at Morris Reservior, Azusa, Los Angeles County, CA

Customized Blueprints to Enhance the Participation of HBCU/MIs in DoD-Related R&D Programs

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-12-15

I AD-A245 212 FINAL REPORT FOR PROJECT ENTILED CUSTOMIZED BLUEPRINTS TO ENHANCE THE [ PARTICIPATION OF tIBCU/MIs IN DoD-RELATED R& D PROGRAMS I U...ELECTE. December 15, 1991 JAN 2 3 1992 I Submitted to: D Ms. Tracy Pinson Dennis Office of the Secretary of Defense Office of Small and Disadvantaged...fox Public rlocise and sale; its - "" " - , d ’ tribution is unlimited.U! FOREWORD 4 This Final Report by TRACTELL, Incorporated summarizes its

Commentary on: Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research. Excessive behaviors are not necessarily addictive behaviors.

PubMed

Ko, Chih-Hung; Yen, Ju-Yu

2015-09-01

The commentary aims to provide clarity to the article "Are we overpathologizing everyday life? A tenable blueprint for behavioral addiction research." We provide another viewpoint for the important issues of behavior addiction. The course of behavior addiction should be further studied. The criteria of withdrawal and tolerance of behavior addiction are ill-defined and need to be further evaluated. The etiology, course, presentation, and functional impairment of behavior addiction should be validated by evidence-based data before being defined as a disorder.

30. VAL LOOKING DOWN THE LAUNCHER SLAB STAIRS AT THE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

30. VAL LOOKING DOWN THE LAUNCHER SLAB STAIRS AT THE PROJECTILE LOADING CAR AND LOADING PLATFORM ADJACENT TO THE PROJECTILE LOADING DECK AND LAUNCHER BRIDGE. - Variable Angle Launcher Complex, Variable Angle Launcher, CA State Highway 39 at Morris Reservior, Azusa, Los Angeles County, CA

74. DETAIL VIEW OF INSIDE THE LAUNCHING BRIDGE LOOKING SOUTHWEST ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

74. DETAIL VIEW OF INSIDE THE LAUNCHING BRIDGE LOOKING SOUTHWEST SHOWING ADJUSTABLE STAIRS ON THE LEFT AND LAUNCHING TUBE ON THE RIGHT, Date unknown, circa 1948. - Variable Angle Launcher Complex, Variable Angle Launcher, CA State Highway 39 at Morris Reservior, Azusa, Los Angeles County, CA

Variability of Origin of Splanchnic and Renal Vessels From the Thoracoabdominal Aorta.

PubMed

Mazzaccaro, D; Malacrida, G; Nano, G

2015-01-01

To analyze the variability of origin of the celiac trunk (CT), the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), the right renal artery (RRA), and the left renal artery (LRA) in terms of mutual distances, angle from the sagittal aortic axis (clock position), and ostial diameters on computed tomography angiographies (CTAs) in three groups of patients. One hundred and fifty CTAs of 50 patients with a non-dilated thoracoabdominal aorta (group A), 50 with thoracoabdominal aneurysm (B), and 50 with infrarenal aneurysm (C) were reviewed. The measurements performed on CTAs, as well as the patients' age, sex, and body surface area, were analyzed. p values <.05 were considered statistically significant. The clock position of the CT and the SMA, the diameters of all vessels, and the distance of the CTeSMA followed a Gaussian distribution. In contrast, the clock position of the renal vessels did not follow a normal distribution, and nor did the distances of the SMA-RRA, SMA-LRA, RRA-LRA or the distances between the renal arteries and the aortic bifurcation. The same values did not differ significantly among the three groups, with the exception of the distances between the renal arteries and the aortic bifurcation, significantly greater in group C. The clock position of the LRA and the distances of the SMA-LRA, SMA-RRA, RRA-LRA and between both renal arteries and the aortic bifurcation showed a significant correlation with the increase of aortic diameter. The anatomic variability of the origin of both the CT and the SMA in terms of clock position and mutual distances followed a Gaussian distribution, regardless of group. The same applies to the ostial diameters of renal and visceral vessels. In contrast, the origin of the renal vessels had a statistically significant heterogeneity that seemed to be correlated with the increase of aortic diameter in the mesenteric and renal aortic region.

The Phase Curve Survey of the Irregular Saturnian Satellites: A Possible Method of Physical Classification

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bauer, James M.; Grav, Tommy; Buratti, Bonnie J.; Hicks, Michael D.

2006-01-01

During its 2005 January opposition, the saturnian system could be viewed at an unusually low phase angle. We surveyed a subset of Saturn's irregular satellites to obtain their true opposition magnitudes, or nearly so, down to phase angle values of 0.01 deg. Combining our data taken at the Palomar 200-inch and Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory's 4-m Blanco telescope with those in the literature, we present the first phase curves for nearly half the irregular satellites originally reported by Gladman et al. [2001. Nature 412, 163-166], including Paaliaq (SXX), Siarnaq (SXXIX), Tarvos (SXXI), Ijiraq (SXXII), Albiorix (SXVI), and additionally Phoebe's narrowest angle brightness measured to date. We find centaur-like steepness in the phase curves or opposition surges in most cases with the notable exception of three, Albiorix and Tarvos, which are suspected to be of similar origin based on dynamical arguments, and Siarnaq.During its 2005 January opposition, the saturnian system could be viewed at an unusually low phase angle. We surveyed a subset of Saturn's irregular satellites to obtain their true opposition magnitudes, or nearly so, down to phase angle values of 0.01 deg. Combining our data taken at the Palomar 200-inch and Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory's 4-m Blanco telescope with those in the literature, we present the first phase curves for nearly half the irregular satellites originally reported by Gladman et al. [2001. Nature 412, 163-166], including Paaliaq (SXX), Siarnaq (SXXIX), Tarvos (SXXI), Ijiraq (SXXII), Albiorix (SXVI), and additionally Phoebe's narrowest angle brightness measured to date. We find centaur-like steepness in the phase curves or opposition surges in most cases with the notable exception of three, Albiorix and Tarvos, which are suspected to be of similar origin based on dynamical arguments, and Siarnaq.

Rapid assessment of pulmonary gas transport with hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI using a 3D radial double golden-means acquisition with variable flip angles.

PubMed

Ruppert, Kai; Amzajerdian, Faraz; Hamedani, Hooman; Xin, Yi; Loza, Luis; Achekzai, Tahmina; Duncan, Ian F; Profka, Harrilla; Siddiqui, Sarmad; Pourfathi, Mehrdad; Cereda, Maurizio F; Kadlecek, Stephen; Rizi, Rahim R

2018-04-22

To demonstrate the feasibility of using a 3D radial double golden-means acquisition with variable flip angles to monitor pulmonary gas transport in a single breath hold with hyperpolarized xenon-129 MRI. Hyperpolarized xenon-129 MRI scans with interleaved gas-phase and dissolved-phase excitations were performed using a 3D radial double golden-means acquisition in mechanically ventilated rabbits. The flip angle was either held fixed at 15 ° or 5 °, or it was varied linearly in ascending or descending order between 5 ° and 15 ° over a sampling interval of 1000 spokes. Dissolved-phase and gas-phase images were reconstructed at high resolution (32 × 32 × 32 matrix size) using all 1000 spokes, or at low resolution (22 × 22 × 22 matrix size) using 400 spokes at a time in a sliding-window fashion. Based on these sliding-window images, relative change maps were obtained using the highest mean flip angle as the reference, and aggregated pixel-based changes were tracked. Although the signal intensities in the dissolve-phase maps were mostly constant in the fixed flip-angle acquisitions, they varied significantly as a function of average flip angle in the variable flip-angle acquisitions. The latter trend reflects the underlying changes in observed dissolve-phase magnetization distribution due to pulmonary gas uptake and transport. 3D radial double golden-means acquisitions with variable flip angles provide a robust means for rapidly assessing lung function during a single breath hold, thereby constituting a particularly valuable tool for imaging uncooperative or pediatric patient populations. © 2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

Pilot Preferences on Displayed Aircraft Control Variables

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Trujillo, Anna C.; Gregory, Irene M.

2013-01-01

The experiments described here explored how pilots want available maneuver authority information transmitted and how this information affects pilots before and after an aircraft failure. The aircraft dynamic variables relative to flight performance were narrowed to energy management variables. A survey was conducted to determine what these variables should be. Survey results indicated that bank angle, vertical velocity, and airspeed were the preferred variables. Based on this, two displays were designed to inform the pilot of available maneuver envelope expressed as bank angle, vertical velocity, and airspeed. These displays were used in an experiment involving control surface failures. Results indicate the displayed limitations in bank angle, vertical velocity, and airspeed were helpful to the pilots during aircraft surface failures. However, the additional information did lead to a slight increase in workload, a small decrease in perceived aircraft flying qualities, and no effect on aircraft situation awareness.

SU-F-E-20: A Mathematical Model of Linac Jaw Calibration Integrated with Collimator Walkout

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhao, Y; Corns, R; Huang, V

2016-06-15

Purpose: Accurate jaw calibration is possible, but it does not necessarily achieve good junctions because of collimator rotation walkout. We developed a mathematical model seeking to pick an origin for calibration that minimizes the collimator walkout effect. Methods: We use radioopaque markers aligned with crosshair on the EPID to determine the collimator walkout at collimator angles 0°, 90° and 270°. We can accurately calibrate jaws to any arbitrary origin near the radiation field centre. While the absolute position of an origin moves with the collimator walkout, its relative location to the crosshair is an invariant. We studied two approaches tomore » select an optimal origin. One approach seeks to bring all three origin locations (0°–90°–270°) as close as possible by minimizing the perimeter of the triangle formed by these points. The other approach focuses on the gap for 0°–90° junctions. Results: Our perimeter cost function has two variables and non-linear behaviour. Generally, it does not have zero-perimeter-length solution which leads to perfect jaw matches. The zero solution can only be achieved, if the collimator rotates about a single fixed axis. In the second approach, we can always get perfect 0°–0° and 0°–90° junctions, because we ignore the 0°–270° situation. For our TrueBeams, both techniques for selecting an origin improved junction dose inhomogeneities to less than ±6%. Conclusion: Our model considers the general jaw matching with collimator rotations and proposes two potential solutions. One solution optimizes the junction gaps by considering all three collimator angles while the other only considers 0°–90°. The first solution will not give perfect matching, but can be clinically acceptable with minimized collimator walkout effect, while the second can have perfect junctions at the expense of the 0°–270° junctions. Different clinics might choose between these two methods basing on their clinical practices.« less

Impacted mandibular third molars and their influence on mandibular angle and condyle fractures--a retrospective study.

PubMed

Gaddipati, Rajasekhar; Ramisetty, Sudhir; Vura, Nandagopal; Kanduri, Rajeev Reddy; Gunda, Vinay Kumar

2014-10-01

Previous retrospective analyses prove that impacted mandibular third molars (M3s) increase the risk of angle fractures and decrease the risk of concomitant fractures to the condyle. A retrospective cohort was designed for patients reported to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery from January 2011 till June 2013. The study variables are presence or absence of third molar, if it is present, their position, classified using the Pell and Gregory system; angulation, classified using Shiller's method. The outcome variables were angle and condyle fractures. Hospital records and panoramic radiographs were used to determine and classify these variables. The study sample comprised of 118 mandibular angle and condyle fractures in 110 patients. Database was constructed and analysed using SPSS version 10.0. This present retrospective study concluded that the presence of impacted third molar predisposes the angle to fracture and reduces the risk of a concomitant condylar fracture. However absence of impacted third molar increases the risk of condylar fracture. The highest incidence of angle fracture was observed in position A impacted mandibular third molars. And there is no significant relationship, concerning ramus position and angulation of impacted mandibular third molars with the angle fracture. Copyright © 2014 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Computational Study of an Axisymmetric Dual Throat Fluidic Thrust Vectoring Nozzle for a Supersonic Aircraft Application

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Deere, Karen A.; Flamm, Jeffrey D.; Berrier, Bobby L.; Johnson, Stuart K.

2007-01-01

A computational investigation of an axisymmetric Dual Throat Nozzle concept has been conducted. This fluidic thrust-vectoring nozzle was designed with a recessed cavity to enhance the throat shifting technique for improved thrust vectoring. The structured-grid, unsteady Reynolds- Averaged Navier-Stokes flow solver PAB3D was used to guide the nozzle design and analyze performance. Nozzle design variables included extent of circumferential injection, cavity divergence angle, cavity length, and cavity convergence angle. Internal nozzle performance (wind-off conditions) and thrust vector angles were computed for several configurations over a range of nozzle pressure ratios from 1.89 to 10, with the fluidic injection flow rate equal to zero and up to 4 percent of the primary flow rate. The effect of a variable expansion ratio on nozzle performance over a range of freestream Mach numbers up to 2 was investigated. Results indicated that a 60 circumferential injection was a good compromise between large thrust vector angles and efficient internal nozzle performance. A cavity divergence angle greater than 10 was detrimental to thrust vector angle. Shortening the cavity length improved internal nozzle performance with a small penalty to thrust vector angle. Contrary to expectations, a variable expansion ratio did not improve thrust efficiency at the flight conditions investigated.

Magnetic Fields in Blazar Jets: Radio and Optical Polarization over 20-30 Years

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Caldwell, Caroline; Wills, B.; Wills, D.; Aller, H.; Aller, M.

2011-01-01

Blazars are highly active nuclei of distant galaxies. They produce synchrotron-emitting relativistic jets on scales of less than a parsec to many Kpc. When viewed head-on, as opposed to in the plane of the sky, the jet motion appears superluminal, and the emission is Doppler boosted. Blazars show rapid radio and optical variability in flux density and polarization. There are two types of blazars that can have strong synchrotron continua: non-BL Lac blazars with strong broad emission lines (quasars), and BL Lac objects with only weak lines. We have compiled optical linear polarization measurements of 22 blazars, incorporating much archival data from McDonald Observatory. While the optical data are somewhat sparsely sampled, The University of Michigan Radio Astronomical Observatory observed many blazars over 20-30 years, often well-sampled over days to weeks. These data enabled us to compare optical and radio polarization position angles. We constructed histograms of the separation of polarization position angles of the optical and radio. We found that in BL Lac objects, the histogram has a significant peak at zero separation. Since the polarization position angle indicates the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field vector, finding similar polarization position angles indicates a similar magnetic field at the origin of the optical and radio synchrotron radiation. Non-BL Lac blazars show peaks at zero and 90 degree separation of position angle. The 90 degree separation may be caused by optical depth effects within the jet. Although there are a few sources that do not strongly display the characteristics summarized by the histograms, most sources produce optical and radio polarization position angles that nearly coincide or are separated by 90 degrees. Using VLBA and VLA radio maps, we interpret the results in terms of the position angle of the jet in the sky plane.

Authentic Learning Experiences for Educators through Summer Internships: Revising the DIG Texas Instructional Blueprints

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martinez, A. O.; Bohls-Graham, E.; Jacobs, B. E.; Ellins, K. K.

2014-12-01

Texas teachers have expressed a need for engaging activities for use in high school Earth science courses. With funding from the NSF, geoscience and education faculty from different institutions around the state collaborated with ten Earth science teachers to create five online Earth science instructional blueprints. The work is part of the DIG (Diversity and Innovation for Geosciences) Texas Instructional Blueprint project. A blueprint stitches together nine units for a yearlong Earth science course (scope and sequence). Each unit covers three weeks of teaching and contains lectures, readings, visualizations, lab investigations, learning activities, and other educational materials from credible sources, which are aligned with Texas state science standards for Earth and Space Science and the Earth Science Literacy Principles. Taken together, the collection of activities address the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). During summer 2014, three minority-serving secondary teachers completed a six-week internship at The University of Texas Institute for Geophysics (UTIG). As DIG Texas Education Interns, we organized and revised the content of the units, created scaffolding notes, and built blueprints by selecting groups of nine units from the project's current collection of twenty-one units. Because fieldwork is an important element of geoscience learning, we integrated virtual field trips into each unit. We (1) gained expertise in selecting high quality activities that directly correlate with state standards and address the Earth Science Literacy Principles; (2) developed a keen awareness of the value of the NGSS; (3) learned how to navigate through the NGSS website to track the relationships between the Science and Engineering Practices, Disciplinary Core Ideas, and Crosscutting Concepts for Earth science, as well as connections to other disciplines in the same grade level. Collaborating with other secondary Earth science teachers introduced each of us to new teaching practices, allowing us to build relationships that we expect to last for many years. UTIG researchers mentored and introduced us to their research and methodology. In addition, they helped us find high quality activities for the units. In turn, we shared our knowledge of pedagogy and classroom expertise with them.

Novel Metamaterial Blueprints and Elements for Electromagnetic Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Odabasi, Hayrettin

In the first part of this dissertation, we explore the metric invariance of Maxwell's equations to design metamaterial blueprints for three novel electromagnetic devices. The metric invariance of Maxwell's equations here means that the effects of an (hypothetical) distortion of the background spatial domain on the electromagnetic fields can be mimicked by properly chosen material constitutive tensors. The exploitation of such feature of Maxwell's equations to derive metamaterial devices has been denoted as `transformation optics' (TO). The first device proposed here consists of metamaterial blueprints of waveguide claddings for (waveguide) miniaturization. These claddings provide a precise control of mode distribution and frequency cut-off. The proposed claddings are distinct from conventional dielectric loadings as the former do not support hybrid modes and are impedance-matched to free-space. We next derive a class of metamaterial blueprints designed for low-profile antenna applications, whereby a simple spatial transformation is used to yield uniaxial metamaterial substrate with electrical height higher than its physical height and surface waves are not supported, which is an advantage for patch antenna applications. We consider the radiation from horizontal wire and patch antennas in the presence of such substrates. Fundamental characteristics such as return loss and radiation pattern of the antennas are investigated in detail. Finally, transformation optics is also applied to design cylindrical impedance-matched absorbers. In this case, we employ a complex-valued transformation optics approach (in the Fourier domain) as opposed to the conventional real-valued approach. A connection of such structures with perfectly matched layers and recently proposed optical pseudo black-hole devices is made. In the second part of this dissertation, we move from the derivation of metamaterial blueprints to the application of pre-defined unit-cell metamaterial structures for miniaturization purposes. We first employ electric-field-coupled (ELC) resonators and complementary electric-field-coupled (CELC) resonators to design a new class of electrically small antennas. Since electric-field coupled resonators were recently proposed in the literature to obtain negative permittivity response, we next propose ELC resonators as a new type of waveguide loadings to provide mode control and waveguide miniaturization.

22. VAL, VIEW OF PROJECTILE LOADING DECK LOOKING NORTHEAST TOWARD ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

22. VAL, VIEW OF PROJECTILE LOADING DECK LOOKING NORTHEAST TOWARD TOP OF CONCRETE 'A' FRAME STRUCTURE SHOWING DRIVE CABLES, DRIVE GEAR, BOTTOM OF CAMERA TOWER AND 'CROWS NEST' CONTROL ROOM. - Variable Angle Launcher Complex, Variable Angle Launcher, CA State Highway 39 at Morris Reservior, Azusa, Los Angeles County, CA

The City Blueprint Approach: Urban Water Management and Governance in Cities in the U.S.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Feingold, Daniel; Koop, Stef; van Leeuwen, Kees

2018-01-01

In this paper, we assess the challenges of water, waste and climate change in six cities across the U.S.: New York City, Boston, Milwaukee, Phoenix, Portland and Los Angeles. We apply the City Blueprint® Approach which consists of three indicator assessments: (1) the Trends and Pressures Framework (TPF), (2) the City Blueprint Framework (CBF) and (3) the water Governance Capacity Framework (GCF). The TPF summarizes the main social, environmental and financial pressures that may impede water management. The CBF provides an integrated overview of the management performances within the urban watercycle. Finally, the GCF provides a framework to identify key barriers and opportunities to develop governance capacity. The GCF has only been applied in NYC. Results show that all cities face pressures from heat risk. The management performances regarding resource efficiency and resource recovery from wastewater and solid waste show considerable room for improvement. Moreover, stormwater separation, infrastructure maintenance and green space require improvement in order to achieve a resilient urban watercycle. Finally, in New York City, the GCF results show that learning through smart monitoring, evaluation and cross-stakeholder learning is a limiting condition that needs to be addressed. We conclude that the City Blueprint Approach has large potential to assist cities in their strategic planning and exchange of knowledge, experiences and lessons. Because the methodology is well-structured, easy to understand, and concise, it may bridge the gap between science, policy and practice. It could therefore enable other cities to address their challenges of water, waste and climate change.

Blueprint for action: steps toward a high-quality, high-value maternity care system.

PubMed

Angood, Peter B; Armstrong, Elizabeth Mitchell; Ashton, Diane; Burstin, Helen; Corry, Maureen P; Delbanco, Suzanne F; Fildes, Barbara; Fox, Daniel M; Gluck, Paul A; Gullo, Sue Leavitt; Howes, Joanne; Jolivet, R Rima; Laube, Douglas W; Lynne, Donna; Main, Elliott; Markus, Anne Rossier; Mayberry, Linda; Mitchell, Lynn V; Ness, Debra L; Nuzum, Rachel; Quinlan, Jeffrey D; Sakala, Carol; Salganicoff, Alina

2010-01-01

Childbirth Connection hosted a 90th Anniversary national policy symposium, Transforming Maternity Care: A High Value Proposition, on April 3, 2009, in Washington, DC. Over 100 leaders from across the range of stakeholder perspectives were actively engaged in the symposium work to improve the quality and value of U.S. maternity care through broad system improvement. A multi-disciplinary symposium steering committee guided the strategy from its inception and contributed to every phase of the project. The "Blueprint for Action: Steps Toward a High Quality, High Value Maternity Care System", issued by the Transforming Maternity Care Symposium Steering Committee, answers the fundamental question, "Who needs to do what, to, for, and with whom to improve the quality of maternity care over the next five years?" Five stakeholder workgroups collaborated to propose actionable strategies in 11 critical focus areas for moving expeditiously toward the realization of the long term "2020 Vision for a High Quality, High Value Maternity Care System", also published in this issue. Following the symposium these workgroup reports and recommendations were synthesized into the current blueprint. For each critical focus area, the "Blueprint for Action" presents a brief problem statement, a set of system goals for improvement in that area, and major recommendations with proposed action steps to achieve them. This process created a clear sightline to action that if enacted could improve the structure, process, experiences of care, and outcomes of the maternity care system in ways that when anchored in the culture can indeed transform maternity care. Copyright 2010 Jacobs Institute of Women

The City Blueprint Approach: Urban Water Management and Governance in Cities in the U.S.

PubMed

Feingold, Daniel; Koop, Stef; van Leeuwen, Kees

2018-01-01

In this paper, we assess the challenges of water, waste and climate change in six cities across the U.S.: New York City, Boston, Milwaukee, Phoenix, Portland and Los Angeles. We apply the City Blueprint ® Approach which consists of three indicator assessments: (1) the Trends and Pressures Framework (TPF), (2) the City Blueprint Framework (CBF) and (3) the water Governance Capacity Framework (GCF). The TPF summarizes the main social, environmental and financial pressures that may impede water management. The CBF provides an integrated overview of the management performances within the urban watercycle. Finally, the GCF provides a framework to identify key barriers and opportunities to develop governance capacity. The GCF has only been applied in NYC. Results show that all cities face pressures from heat risk. The management performances regarding resource efficiency and resource recovery from wastewater and solid waste show considerable room for improvement. Moreover, stormwater separation, infrastructure maintenance and green space require improvement in order to achieve a resilient urban watercycle. Finally, in New York City, the GCF results show that learning through smart monitoring, evaluation and cross-stakeholder learning is a limiting condition that needs to be addressed. We conclude that the City Blueprint Approach has large potential to assist cities in their strategic planning and exchange of knowledge, experiences and lessons. Because the methodology is well-structured, easy to understand, and concise, it may bridge the gap between science, policy and practice. It could therefore enable other cities to address their challenges of water, waste and climate change.

The Mammalian Cervical Vertebrae Blueprint Depends on the T (brachyury) Gene

PubMed Central

Kromik, Andreas; Ulrich, Reiner; Kusenda, Marian; Tipold, Andrea; Stein, Veronika M.; Hellige, Maren; Dziallas, Peter; Hadlich, Frieder; Widmann, Philipp; Goldammer, Tom; Baumgärtner, Wolfgang; Rehage, Jürgen; Segelke, Dierck; Weikard, Rosemarie; Kühn, Christa

2015-01-01

A key common feature of all but three known mammalian genera is the strict seven cervical vertebrae blueprint, suggesting the involvement of strong conserving selection forces during mammalian radiation. This is further supported by reports indicating that children with cervical ribs die before they reach reproductive age. Hypotheses were put up, associating cervical ribs (homeotic transformations) to embryonal cancer (e.g., neuroblastoma) or ascribing the constraint in cervical vertebral count to the development of the mammalian diaphragm. Here, we describe a spontaneous mutation c.196A > G in the Bos taurus T gene (also known as brachyury) associated with a cervical vertebral homeotic transformation that violates the fundamental mammalian cervical blueprint, but does not preclude reproduction of the affected individual. Genome-wide mapping, haplotype tracking within a large pedigree, resequencing of target genome regions, and bioinformatic analyses unambiguously confirmed the mutant c.196G allele as causal for this previously unknown defect termed vertebral and spinal dysplasia (VSD) by providing evidence for the mutation event. The nonsynonymous VSD mutation is located within the highly conserved T box of the T gene, which plays a fundamental role in eumetazoan body organization and vertebral development. To our knowledge, VSD is the first unequivocally approved spontaneous mutation decreasing cervical vertebrae number in a large mammal. The spontaneous VSD mutation in the bovine T gene is the first in vivo evidence for the hypothesis that the T protein is directly involved in the maintenance of the mammalian seven-cervical vertebra blueprint. It therefore furthers our knowledge of the T-protein function and early mammalian notochord development. PMID:25614605

Dosage variability of topical ocular hypotensive products: a densitometric assessment.

PubMed

Gaynes, Bruce I; Singa, Ramesh M; Cao, Ying

2009-02-01

To ascertain consequence of variability in drop volume obtained from multiuse topical ocular hypotensive products in terms of uniformity of product dosage. Densitometric assessment of drop volume dispensed from 2 alternative bottle positions. All except one product demonstrated a statistically significant difference in drop volume when administered at either a 45-degree or 90-degree bottle angle (Student t test, P<0.001). Product-specific drop volume ranged from a nadir of 22.36 microL to a high of 53.54 microL depending on bottle angle of administration. Deviation in drop dose was directly proportional to variability in drop volume. Variability in per drop dosage was conspicuous among products with a coefficient of variation from 1.49% to 15.91%. In accordance with drop volume, all products demonstrated a statistically significant difference in drop dose at 45-degree versus 90-degree administration angles. Drop volume was found unrelated to drop uniformity (Spearman r=0.01987 and P=0.9463). Variability and lack of uniformity in drop dosage is clearly evident among select ocular hypotensive products and is related to angle of drop administration. Erratic dosage of topical ocular hypotensive therapy may contribute in part to therapeutic failure and/or toxicity.

Solid hemangioblastoma in the cerebellopontine angle: Importance of external carotid blood supply with regard to the probable site of origin and preoperative embolization.

PubMed

Meena, Rajesh Kumar; Dhandapani, Sivashanmugam; Gupta, Vivek; Anirudh, Srinivasan; Chatterjee, Debajyoti

2016-01-01

Hemangioblastoma (HBL) is rare in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) with questionable origin and limited access for circumferential dissection and "en-bloc" excision. We report a case of surgical removal of large solid CPA-HBL and discuss the pattern of blood supply suggesting its origin and indicating preoperative embolization. The solid and highly vascular CPA-HBL had feeders mainly from neuromeningeal division of ascending pharyngeal branch of external carotid artery, suggesting true extra-axial origin. We could achieve "en-bloc" excision without significant blood loss or morbidity using preoperative embolization. Large solid HBL is rare in CPA necessitating arduous "en-bloc" excision. The pattern of blood supply probably indicates the site of origin and safety of preoperative embolization.

Breaking Down the Door: A Nonprofit Model Creating Pathways for Non-Traditional STEM Student Engagement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pelaez, C.; Pelaez, J.

2015-12-01

Blueprint Earth was created as a nonprofit scientific research organization dedicated to conducting micro-scale interdisciplinary environmental investigations to generate macroscopic, system-level environmental understanding. The field data collection and analysis process was conceived to be dependent on student participation and collaboration with more senior scientists, effecting knowledge transfer and emphasizing the critical nature of interdisciplinary research in investigating complex, macroscopic questions. Recruiting for student volunteer researchers is conducted in academic institutions, and to date has focused primarily on the Los Angeles area. Self-selecting student participation has run contrary to traditional STEM demographics. The vast majority of research participants in Blueprint Earth's work are female and/or from a minority (non-white) background, and most are first-generation college students or from low-income, Pell grant-eligible households. Traditional field research programs for students often come at a high cost, creating barriers to access for field-based STEM opportunities. The nonprofit model employed by Blueprint Earth provides zero-cost access to opportunity for students that the STEM world is currently targeting for future professional development.

Fostering Creativity through Collaboration: Polar Learning and Responding Climate Change Education Partnership

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pfirman, S. L.; Brunacini, J.; Hernandez, T.; Bachrach, E.

2014-12-01

Blueprint Earth was created as a nonprofit scientific research organization dedicated to conducting micro-scale interdisciplinary environmental investigations to generate macroscopic, system-level environmental understanding. The field data collection and analysis process was conceived to be dependent on student participation and collaboration with more senior scientists, effecting knowledge transfer and emphasizing the critical nature of interdisciplinary research in investigating complex, macroscopic questions. Recruiting for student volunteer researchers is conducted in academic institutions, and to date has focused primarily on the Los Angeles area. Self-selecting student participation has run contrary to traditional STEM demographics. The vast majority of research participants in Blueprint Earth's work are female and/or from a minority (non-white) background, and most are first-generation college students or from low-income, Pell grant-eligible households. Traditional field research programs for students often come at a high cost, creating barriers to access for field-based STEM opportunities. The nonprofit model employed by Blueprint Earth provides zero-cost access to opportunity for students that the STEM world is currently targeting for future professional development.

Impact of Major Coronal Mass Ejections on Geospace during 2005 September 7-13

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Yuming; Xue, Xianghui; Shen, Chenglong; Ye, Pinzhong; Wang, S.; Zhang, Jie

2006-07-01

We have analyzed five major CMEs originating from NOAA active region (AR) 808 during the period of 2005 September 7-13, when the AR 808 rotated from the east limb to near solar meridian. Several factors that affect the probability of the CMEs' encounter with the Earth are demonstrated. The solar and interplanetary observations suggest that the second and third CMEs, originating from E67° and E47°, respectively, encountered the Earth, while the first CME originating from E77° missed the Earth, and the last two CMEs, although originating from E39° and E10°, respectively, probably only grazed the Earth. On the basis of our ice cream cone mode and CME deflection model, we find that the CME span angle and deflection are important for the probability of encountering Earth. The large span angles allowed the middle two CMEs to hit the Earth, even though their source locations were not close to the solar central meridian. The significant deflection made the first CME totally miss the Earth even though it also had wide span angle. The deflection may also have made the last CME nearly miss the Earth even though it originated close to the disk center. We suggest that, in order to effectively predict whether a CME will encounter the Earth, the factors of the CME source location, the span angle, and the interplanetary deflection should all be taken into account.

Impact of major coronal mass ejections on geo-space during September 7 -- 13, 2005

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Y.; Xue, X.; Shen, C.; Ye, P.; Wang, S.; Zhang, J.

2006-05-01

We have analyzed five major CMEs originating from NOAA active region (AR) 808 during the period of September 7 to 13, 2005, when the AR 808 rotated from the east limb to near solar meridian. Several factors that affect the probability of the CMEs' encounter with the Earth are demonstrated. The solar and interplanetary observations suggest that the 2nd and 3rd CMEs, originating from E67 and E47 respectively, encountered the Earth, while the 1st CME originating from E77 missed the Earth, and the last two CMEs, originating from E39 and E10 respectively, probably only grazed the Earth. Based on our ice-cream cone model (Xue et al. 2005a) and CME deflection model (Wang et al. 2004b), we find that the CME span angle and deflection are important for the probability of encountering. The large span angles make middle two CMEs hit the Earth, though their source locations were not close to the solar central meridian. The significant deflection makes the first CME totally missed the Earth though it also had wide span angle. The deflection may also make the last CME nearly missed the Earth though it originated close to the disk center. We suggest that, in order to effectively predict whether a CME will encounter the Earth, the factors of the CME source location, the span angle, and the interplanetary deflection should all be taken into account.

Contribution of Lateral Column Lengthening to Correction of Forefoot Abduction in Stage IIb Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity Reconstruction.

PubMed

Chan, Jeremy Y; Greenfield, Stephen T; Soukup, Dylan S; Do, Huong T; Deland, Jonathan T; Ellis, Scott J

2015-12-01

Correction of forefoot abduction in stage IIb adult acquired flatfoot likely depends on the amount of lateral column lengthening (LCL) performed, although this represents only one aspect of a successful reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between common reconstructive variables and the observed change in forefoot abduction. Forty-one patients who underwent flatfoot reconstruction involving an Evans-type LCL were assessed retrospectively. Preoperative and postoperative anteroposterior (AP) radiographs of the foot at a minimum of 40 weeks (mean, 2 years) after surgery were reviewed to determine correction in forefoot abduction as measured by talonavicular coverage (TNC) angle, talonavicular uncoverage percent, talus-first metatarsal (T-1MT) angle, and lateral incongruency angle. Fourteen demographic and intraoperative variables were evaluated for association with change in forefoot abduction including age, gender, height, weight, body mass index, as well as the amount of LCL and medializing calcaneal osteotomy performed, LCL graft type, Cotton osteotomy, first tarsometatarsal fusion, flexor digitorum longus transfer, spring ligament repair, gastrocnemius recession and any one of the modified McBride/Akin/Silver procedures. Two variables significantly affected the change in lateral incongruency angle. These were weight (P = .04) and the amount of LCL performed (P < .001). No variables were associated with the change in TNC angle, talonavicular uncoverage percent, or T-1MT angle. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that LCL was the only significant predictor of the change in lateral incongruency angle. The final regression model for LCL showed a good fit (R2 = 0.70, P < .001). Each millimeter of LCL corresponded to a 6.8-degree change in lateral incongruency angle. Correction of forefoot abduction in flatfoot reconstruction was primarily determined by the LCL procedure and could be modeled linearly. We believe that the lateral incongruency angle can serve as a valuable preoperative measurement to help surgeons titrate the proper amount of correction performed intraoperatively. © The Author(s) 2015.

Fourier decomposition pulmonary MRI using a variable flip angle balanced steady-state free precession technique.

PubMed

Corteville, D M R; Kjïrstad, Å; Henzler, T; Zöllner, F G; Schad, L R

2015-05-01

Fourier decomposition (FD) is a noninvasive method for assessing ventilation and perfusion-related information in the lungs. However, the technique has a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the lung parenchyma. We present an approach to increase the SNR in both morphological and functional images. The data used to create functional FD images are usually acquired using a standard balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) sequence. In the standard sequence, the possible range of the flip angle is restricted due to specific absorption rate (SAR) limitations. Thus, using a variable flip angle approach as an optimization is possible. This was validated using measurements from a phantom and six healthy volunteers. The SNR in both the morphological and functional FD images was increased by 32%, while the SAR restrictions were kept unchanged. Furthermore, due to the higher SNR, the effective resolution of the functional images was increased visibly. The variable flip angle approach did not introduce any new transient artifacts, and blurring artifacts were minimized. Both a gain in SNR and an effective resolution gain in functional lung images can be obtained using the FD method in conjunction with a variable flip angle optimized bSSFP sequence. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Correlation between Topographic Parameters Obtained by Back Surface Topography Based on Structured Light and Radiographic Variables in the Assessment of Back Morphology in Young Patients with Idiopathic Scoliosis.

PubMed

Pino-Almero, Laura; Mínguez-Rey, María Fe; Cibrián-Ortiz de Anda, Rosa María; Salvador-Palmer, María Rosario; Sentamans-Segarra, Salvador

2017-04-01

Optical cross-sectional study. To study the correlation between asymmetry of the back (measured by means of surface topography) and deformity of the spine (quantified by the Cobb angle). The Cobb angle is considered the gold standard in diagnosis and follow-up of scoliosis but does not correctly characterize the three-dimensional deformity of scoliosis. Furthermore, the exposure to ionizing radiation may cause harmful effects particularly during the growth stage, including breast cancer and other tumors. Patients aged 13.15±1.96 years (range, 7-17 years; n=88) with Cobb angle greater than 10° were evaluated with X-rays and our back surface topography method through three variables: axial plane (DHOPI), coronal plane (POTSI), and profile plane (PC). Pearson's correlation was applied to determine the correlation between topographic and radiographic variables. One-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni correction were used to compare groups with different grades of scoliosis. Significance was set at p <0.01 and, in some cases, at p <0.05. We detected a positive, statistically significant correlation between Cobb angle with DHOPI ( r =0.810) and POTSI ( r =0.629) and between PC variables with thoracic kyphosis angle ( r =0.453) and lordosis lumbar angle ( r =0.275). In addition, we found statistically significant differences for DHOPI and POTSI variables according to the grade of scoliosis. Although the back surface topography method cannot substitute for radiographs in the diagnosis of scoliosis, correlations between radiographic and topographic parameters suggest that it offers additional quantitative data that may complement radiologic study.

Longitudinal Changes of Angle Configuration in Primary Angle-Closure Suspects

PubMed Central

Jiang, Yuzhen; Chang, Dolly S.; Zhu, Haogang; Khawaja, Anthony P.; Aung, Tin; Huang, Shengsong; Chen, Qianyun; Munoz, Beatriz; Grossi, Carlota M.

2015-01-01

Objective To determine longitudinal changes in angle configuration in the eyes of primary angle-closure suspects (PACS) treated by laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) and in untreated fellow eyes. Design Longitudinal cohort study. Participants Primary angle-closure suspects aged 50 to 70 years were enrolled in a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Methods Each participant was treated by LPI in 1 randomly selected eye, with the fellow eye serving as a control. Angle width was assessed in a masked fashion using gonioscopy and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) before and at 2 weeks, 6 months, and 18 months after LPI. Main Outcome Measures Angle width in degrees was calculated from Shaffer grades assessed under static gonioscopy. Angle configuration was also evaluated using angle opening distance (AOD250, AOD500, AOD750), trabecular-iris space area (TISA500, TISA750), and angle recess area (ARA) measured in AS-OCT images. Results No significant difference was found in baseline measures of angle configuration between treated and untreated eyes. At 2 weeks after LPI, the drainage angle on gonioscopy widened from a mean of 13.5° at baseline to a mean of 25.7° in treated eyes, which was also confirmed by significant increases in all AS-OCT angle width measures (P<0.001 for all variables). Between 2 weeks and 18 months after LPI, a significant decrease in angle width was observed over time in treated eyes (P<0.001 for all variables), although the change over the first 5.5 months was not statistically significant for angle width measured under gonioscopy (P = 0.18), AOD250 (P = 0.167) and ARA (P = 0.83). In untreated eyes, angle width consistently decreased across all follow-up visits after LPI, with a more rapid longitudinal decrease compared with treated eyes (P values for all variables ≤0.003). The annual rate of change in angle width was equivalent to 1.2°/year (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8–1.6) in treated eyes and 1.6°/year (95% CI, 1.3–2.0) in untreated eyes (P<0.001). Conclusions Angle width of treated eyes increased markedly after LPI, remained stable for 6 months, and then decreased significantly by 18 months after LPI. Untreated eyes experienced a more consistent and rapid decrease in angle width over the same time period. PMID:24835757

Orthodontic camouflage versus orthognathic surgery for class III deformity: comparative cephalometric analysis.

PubMed

Martinez, P; Bellot-Arcís, C; Llamas, J M; Cibrian, R; Gandia, J L; Paredes-Gallardo, V

2017-04-01

The objective of this study was to compare different cephalometric variables in adult patients with class III malocclusions before and after treatment, in order to determine which variables are indicative of orthodontic camouflage or orthognathic surgery. The cases of 156 adult patients were assessed: 77 treated with orthodontic camouflage and 79 treated with orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. The following cephalometric variables were measured on pre-treatment (T1) and post-treatment (T2) lateral cephalograms: sella-nasion-A-point (SNA), sella-nasion-B-point (SNB), and A-point-nasion-B-point (ANB) angles, Wits appraisal, facial axis angle, mandibular plane angle, upper and lower incisor inclination, and inter-incisal angle. There were statistically significant differences in cephalometric variables before and after treatment between the two groups. The percentage of normal pre-treatment measurements in the camouflage orthodontics group was 30.7%, which worsened slightly to 28.4% post-treatment. However in the group receiving surgery, this was 24.5% pre-treatment, improving to 33.5% after surgery. SNA, SNB, Wits appraisal, lower incisor inclination, and inter-incisal angle showed differences between the two groups before and after treatment. Wits appraisal, lower incisor inclination, and inter-incisal angle were indicative of one or other treatment. Upper and lower incisor decompensation in both groups did not reach ideal values, which impeded complete skeletal correction in 52% of surgical cases. Copyright © 2016 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Blueprint for prescriber continuing education program.

PubMed

2012-06-01

On October 25, 2011, the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) posted online this Blueprint for Prescriber Continuing Education, labeled "final," relating to extended-release and long-acting opioids. The pending FDA Risk Evaluation Management Strategy (REMS) requires prescriber education. This document provides guidance to sponsors of these dosage forms in developing the prescvriber education component of their REMS. This report was posted online by the federal agency on October 25, 2011 at: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/drugsafety/informationbydrugclass/ucm277916.pdf. It is in the public domain.

What if? The one question every administrator should ask. Use HIPAA rules as a blueprint for broader safety, security.

PubMed

Redling, Bob

2007-08-01

Are you doing enough to control security and privacy at your practice? Could you cope if your organization suffered a disaster that destroyed facilities, business documents and patient records? Although Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) security and privacy rules focus on patient health information, they also point the way to a more comprehensive approach to managing risk. By using HIPAA rules as a blueprint, you can design policies and procedures to address everything from safeguarding financial information to protecting the personal safety of patients, physicians and staff.

Photocopy of copy of blueprint between pages 151 and 152 ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photocopy of copy of blueprint between pages 151 and 152 in completion report and history of the U.S.A. General hospital no. 21, compiled and edited under the direction of Major W.J. Cameron, by T.R. Wieger, Chief Engineer. The report was dated April 1, 1919. A copy of the report (4003/14/29) is at the National Archives, military records (floor 13 W), Washington, D.C. - Fitzsimons General Hospital, Bounded by East Colfax to south, Peoria Street to west, Denver City/County & Adams County Line to north, & U.S. Route 255 to east, Aurora, Adams County, CO

Development of a COTS-Based Computing Environment Blueprint Application at KSC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ghansah, Isaac; Boatright, Bryan

1996-01-01

This paper describes a blueprint that can be used for developing a distributed computing environment (DCE) for NASA in general, and the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in particular. A comprehensive, open, secure, integrated, and multi-vendor DCE such as OSF DCE has been suggested. Design issues, as well as recommendations for each component have been given. Where necessary, modifications were suggested to fit the needs of KSC. This was done in the areas of security and directory services. Readers requiring a more comprehensive coverage are encouraged to refer to the eight-chapter document prepared for this work.

Gravity dependence of the effect of optokinetic stimulation on the subjective visual vertical.

PubMed

Ward, Bryan K; Bockisch, Christopher J; Caramia, Nicoletta; Bertolini, Giovanni; Tarnutzer, Alexander Andrea

2017-05-01

Accurate and precise estimates of direction of gravity are essential for spatial orientation. According to Bayesian theory, multisensory vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive input is centrally integrated in a weighted fashion based on the reliability of the component sensory signals. For otolithic input, a decreasing signal-to-noise ratio was demonstrated with increasing roll angle. We hypothesized that the weights of vestibular (otolithic) and extravestibular (visual/proprioceptive) sensors are roll-angle dependent and predicted an increased weight of extravestibular cues with increasing roll angle, potentially following the Bayesian hypothesis. To probe this concept, the subjective visual vertical (SVV) was assessed in different roll positions (≤ ± 120°, steps = 30°, n = 10) with/without presenting an optokinetic stimulus (velocity = ± 60°/s). The optokinetic stimulus biased the SVV toward the direction of stimulus rotation for roll angles ≥ ± 30° ( P < 0.005). Offsets grew from 3.9 ± 1.8° (upright) to 22.1 ± 11.8° (±120° roll tilt, P < 0.001). Trial-to-trial variability increased with roll angle, demonstrating a nonsignificant increase when providing optokinetic stimulation. Variability and optokinetic bias were correlated ( R 2 = 0.71, slope = 0.71, 95% confidence interval = 0.57-0.86). An optimal-observer model combining an optokinetic bias with vestibular input reproduced measured errors closely. These findings support the hypothesis of a weighted multisensory integration when estimating direction of gravity with optokinetic stimulation. Visual input was weighted more when vestibular input became less reliable, i.e., at larger roll-tilt angles. However, according to Bayesian theory, the variability of combined cues is always lower than the variability of each source cue. If the observed increase in variability, although nonsignificant, is true, either it must depend on an additional source of variability, added after SVV computation, or it would conflict with the Bayesian hypothesis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Applying a rotating optokinetic stimulus while recording the subjective visual vertical in different whole body roll angles, we noted the optokinetic-induced bias to correlate with the roll angle. These findings allow the hypothesis that the established optimal weighting of single-sensory cues depending on their reliability to estimate direction of gravity could be extended to a bias caused by visual self-motion stimuli. Copyright © 2017 the American Physiological Society.

Optimal variable flip angle schemes for dynamic acquisition of exchanging hyperpolarized substrates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xing, Yan; Reed, Galen D.; Pauly, John M.; Kerr, Adam B.; Larson, Peder E. Z.

2013-09-01

In metabolic MRI with hyperpolarized contrast agents, the signal levels vary over time due to T1 decay, T2 decay following RF excitations, and metabolic conversion. Efficient usage of the nonrenewable hyperpolarized magnetization requires specialized RF pulse schemes. In this work, we introduce two novel variable flip angle schemes for dynamic hyperpolarized MRI in which the flip angle is varied between excitations and between metabolites. These were optimized to distribute the magnetization relatively evenly throughout the acquisition by accounting for T1 decay, prior RF excitations, and metabolic conversion. Simulation results are presented to confirm the flip angle designs and evaluate the variability of signal dynamics across typical ranges of T1 and metabolic conversion. They were implemented using multiband spectral-spatial RF pulses to independently modulate the flip angle at various chemical shift frequencies. With these schemes we observed increased SNR of [1-13C]lactate generated from [1-13C]pyruvate, particularly at later time points. This will allow for improved characterization of tissue perfusion and metabolic profiles in dynamic hyperpolarized MRI.

Cyclic coordinate descent: A robotics algorithm for protein loop closure.

PubMed

Canutescu, Adrian A; Dunbrack, Roland L

2003-05-01

In protein structure prediction, it is often the case that a protein segment must be adjusted to connect two fixed segments. This occurs during loop structure prediction in homology modeling as well as in ab initio structure prediction. Several algorithms for this purpose are based on the inverse Jacobian of the distance constraints with respect to dihedral angle degrees of freedom. These algorithms are sometimes unstable and fail to converge. We present an algorithm developed originally for inverse kinematics applications in robotics. In robotics, an end effector in the form of a robot hand must reach for an object in space by altering adjustable joint angles and arm lengths. In loop prediction, dihedral angles must be adjusted to move the C-terminal residue of a segment to superimpose on a fixed anchor residue in the protein structure. The algorithm, referred to as cyclic coordinate descent or CCD, involves adjusting one dihedral angle at a time to minimize the sum of the squared distances between three backbone atoms of the moving C-terminal anchor and the corresponding atoms in the fixed C-terminal anchor. The result is an equation in one variable for the proposed change in each dihedral. The algorithm proceeds iteratively through all of the adjustable dihedral angles from the N-terminal to the C-terminal end of the loop. CCD is suitable as a component of loop prediction methods that generate large numbers of trial structures. It succeeds in closing loops in a large test set 99.79% of the time, and fails occasionally only for short, highly extended loops. It is very fast, closing loops of length 8 in 0.037 sec on average.

Physics of Intracellular Organization in Bacteria.

PubMed

Wingreen, Ned S; Huang, Kerwyn Casey

2015-01-01

With the realization that bacteria achieve exquisite levels of spatiotemporal organization has come the challenge of discovering the underlying mechanisms. In this review, we describe three classes of such mechanisms, each of which has physical origins: the use of landmarks, the creation of higher-order structures that enable geometric sensing, and the emergence of length scales from systems of chemical reactions coupled to diffusion. We then examine the diversity of geometric cues that exist even in cells with relatively simple geometries, and end by discussing both new technologies that could drive further discovery and the implications of our current knowledge for the behavior, fitness, and evolution of bacteria. The organizational strategies described here are employed in a wide variety of systems and in species across all kingdoms of life; in many ways they provide a general blueprint for organizing the building blocks of life.

Early Intervention in Psychosis

PubMed Central

McGorry, Patrick D.

2015-01-01

Abstract Early intervention for potentially serious disorder is a fundamental feature of healthcare across the spectrum of physical illness. It has been a major factor in the reductions in morbidity and mortality that have been achieved in some of the non-communicable diseases, notably cancer and cardiovascular disease. Over the past two decades, an international collaborative effort has been mounted to build the evidence and the capacity for early intervention in the psychotic disorders, notably schizophrenia, where for so long deep pessimism had reigned. The origins and rapid development of early intervention in psychosis are described from a personal and Australian perspective. This uniquely evidence-informed, evidence-building and cost-effective reform provides a blueprint and launch pad to radically change the wider landscape of mental health care and dissolve many of the barriers that have constrained progress for so long. PMID:25919380

A standardised protocol for texture feature analysis of endoscopic images in gynaecological cancer.

PubMed

Neofytou, Marios S; Tanos, Vasilis; Pattichis, Marios S; Pattichis, Constantinos S; Kyriacou, Efthyvoulos C; Koutsouris, Dimitris D

2007-11-29

In the development of tissue classification methods, classifiers rely on significant differences between texture features extracted from normal and abnormal regions. Yet, significant differences can arise due to variations in the image acquisition method. For endoscopic imaging of the endometrium, we propose a standardized image acquisition protocol to eliminate significant statistical differences due to variations in: (i) the distance from the tissue (panoramic vs close up), (ii) difference in viewing angles and (iii) color correction. We investigate texture feature variability for a variety of targets encountered in clinical endoscopy. All images were captured at clinically optimum illumination and focus using 720 x 576 pixels and 24 bits color for: (i) a variety of testing targets from a color palette with a known color distribution, (ii) different viewing angles, (iv) two different distances from a calf endometrial and from a chicken cavity. Also, human images from the endometrium were captured and analysed. For texture feature analysis, three different sets were considered: (i) Statistical Features (SF), (ii) Spatial Gray Level Dependence Matrices (SGLDM), and (iii) Gray Level Difference Statistics (GLDS). All images were gamma corrected and the extracted texture feature values were compared against the texture feature values extracted from the uncorrected images. Statistical tests were applied to compare images from different viewing conditions so as to determine any significant differences. For the proposed acquisition procedure, results indicate that there is no significant difference in texture features between the panoramic and close up views and between angles. For a calibrated target image, gamma correction provided an acquired image that was a significantly better approximation to the original target image. In turn, this implies that the texture features extracted from the corrected images provided for better approximations to the original images. Within the proposed protocol, for human ROIs, we have found that there is a large number of texture features that showed significant differences between normal and abnormal endometrium. This study provides a standardized protocol for avoiding any significant texture feature differences that may arise due to variability in the acquisition procedure or the lack of color correction. After applying the protocol, we have found that significant differences in texture features will only be due to the fact that the features were extracted from different types of tissue (normal vs abnormal).

Three-dimensional optic axis determination using variable-incidence-angle polarization-optical coherence tomography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ugryumova, Nadezhda; Gangnus, Sergei V.; Matcher, Stephen J.

2006-08-01

Polarization optical coherence tomography (PSOCT) is a powerful technique to nondestructively map the retardance and fast-axis orientation of birefringent biological tissues. Previous studies have concentrated on the case where the optic axis lies on the plane of the surface. We describe a method to determine the polar angle of the optic axis of a uniaxial birefringent tissue by making PSOCT measurements with a number of incident illumination directions. The method is validated on equine flexor tendon, yielding a variability of 4% for the true birefringence and 3% for the polar angle. We use the method to map the polar angle of fibers in the transitional region of equine cartilage.

Predictors of upper trapezius pain with myofascial trigger points in food service workers: The STROBE study.

PubMed

Hwang, Ui-Jae; Kwon, Oh-Yun; Yi, Chung-Hwi; Jeon, Hye-Seon; Weon, Jong-Hyuck; Ha, Sung-Min

2017-06-01

Shoulder pain occurs commonly in food service workers (FSWs) who repetitively perform motions of the upper limbs. Myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) on the upper trapezius (UT) are among the most common musculoskeletal shoulder pain syndromes. This study determined the psychological, posture, mobility, and strength factors associated with pain severity in FSWs with UT pain due to MTrPs.In this cross-sectional study, we measured 17 variables in 163 FSWs with UT pain due to MTrPs: a visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, age, sex, Borg rating of perceived exertion (BRPE) scale, beck depression inventory, forward head posture angle, rounded shoulder angle (RSA), shoulder slope angle, scapular downward rotation ratio, cervical lateral-bending side difference angle, cervical rotation side difference angle, glenohumeral internal rotation angle, shoulder horizontal adduction angle, serratus anterior (SA) strength, lower trapezius (LT) strength, bicep strength, and glenohumeral external rotator strength, in 163 FSWs with UT pain due to MTrPs.The model for factors influencing UT pain with MTrPs included SA strength, age, BRPE, LT strength, and RSA as predictor variables that accounted for 68.7% of the variance in VAS (P < .001) in multiple regression models with a stepwise selection procedure. The following were independent variables influencing the VAS in the order of standardized coefficients: SA strength (β = -0.380), age (β = 0.287), BRPE (β = 0.239), LT strength (β = -0.195), and RSA (β = 0.125).SA strength, age, BRPE, LT strength, and RSA variables should be considered when evaluating and intervening in UT pain with MTrPs in FSWs.

Predictors of upper trapezius pain with myofascial trigger points in food service workers

PubMed Central

Hwang, Ui-Jae; Kwon, Oh-Yun; Yi, Chung-Hwi; Jeon, Hye-Seon; Weon, Jong-Hyuck; Ha, Sung-Min

2017-01-01

Abstract Shoulder pain occurs commonly in food service workers (FSWs) who repetitively perform motions of the upper limbs. Myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) on the upper trapezius (UT) are among the most common musculoskeletal shoulder pain syndromes. This study determined the psychological, posture, mobility, and strength factors associated with pain severity in FSWs with UT pain due to MTrPs. In this cross-sectional study, we measured 17 variables in 163 FSWs with UT pain due to MTrPs: a visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, age, sex, Borg rating of perceived exertion (BRPE) scale, beck depression inventory, forward head posture angle, rounded shoulder angle (RSA), shoulder slope angle, scapular downward rotation ratio, cervical lateral-bending side difference angle, cervical rotation side difference angle, glenohumeral internal rotation angle, shoulder horizontal adduction angle, serratus anterior (SA) strength, lower trapezius (LT) strength, bicep strength, and glenohumeral external rotator strength, in 163 FSWs with UT pain due to MTrPs. The model for factors influencing UT pain with MTrPs included SA strength, age, BRPE, LT strength, and RSA as predictor variables that accounted for 68.7% of the variance in VAS (P < .001) in multiple regression models with a stepwise selection procedure. The following were independent variables influencing the VAS in the order of standardized coefficients: SA strength (β = −0.380), age (β = 0.287), BRPE (β = 0.239), LT strength (β = −0.195), and RSA (β = 0.125). SA strength, age, BRPE, LT strength, and RSA variables should be considered when evaluating and intervening in UT pain with MTrPs in FSWs. PMID:28658117

Kinematics of a vertical axis wind turbine with a variable pitch angle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jakubowski, Mateusz; Starosta, Roman; Fritzkowski, Pawel

2018-01-01

A computational model for the kinematics of a vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) is presented. A H-type rotor turbine with a controlled pitch angle is considered. The aim of this solution is to improve the VAWT productivity. The discussed method is related to a narrow computational branch based on the Blade Element Momentum theory (BEM theory). The paper can be regarded as a theoretical basis and an introduction to further studies with the application of BEM. The obtained torque values show the main advantage of using the variable pitch angle.

A Concept of a Manned Satellite Reentry Which is Completed with a Glide Landing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cheatham, Donald C. (Compiler)

1959-01-01

A concept for a manned satellite reentry from a near space orbit and a glide landing on a normal size airfield is presented. The reentry vehicle configuration suitable for this concept would employ a variable geometry feature in order that the reentry could be made at 90 deg. angle of attack and the landing could be made with a conventional glide approach. Calculated results for reentry at a flight-path angle of -1 deg. show that with an accuracy of 1 percent in the impulse of a retrorocket, the desired flight-path angle at reentry can be controlled within 0.02 deg. and the distance traveled to the reentry point, within 100 miles. The reentry point is arbitrarily defined as the point at which the satellite passes through an altitude of about 70 miles. Misalignment of the retrorocket by 10 deg. increased these errors by as much as 0.02 deg. and 500 miles. Intra-atmospheric trajectory calculations show that pure drag reentries starting with flight-path angles of -1 deg. or less produce a peak deceleration of 8g. Lift created by varying the angle of attack between 90 and 60 deg. is effective in decreasing the maximum deceleration and allows the range to the "recovery" point (where transition is made from reentry to gliding flight) to be increased by as much as 2,300 miles. A sideslip angle of 30 deg. allows lateral displacement of the flight path by as much as 60 deg. miles. Reaction controls would provide control-attitude alignment during the orbit phase. For the reentry phase this configuration should have low static longitudinal and roll stability in the 90 deg. angle-of-attack attitude. Control could be effected by leading-edge and trailing-edge flaps. Transition into the landing phase would be accomplished at an altitude of about 100,000 feet by unfolding the outer wing panels and pitching over to low angles of attack. Calculations indicate that glides can be made from the recovery point to airfields at ranges of from 150 to 200 miles, depending upon the orientation with respect to the original course.

Wild 2 Close Look

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2004-01-01

[figure removed for brevity, see original site] Figure 1

This image shows the comet Wild 2, which NASA's Stardust spacecraft flew by on Jan. 2, 2004. This image is the closest short exposure of the comet, taken at an11.4-degree phase angle, the angle between the camera, comet and the Sun. The listed names on the diagram (see Figure 1) are those used by the Stardust team to identify features. 'Basin' does not imply an impact origin.

Analysis of Nonlinear Dynamics by Square Matrix Method

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yu, Li Hua

The nonlinear dynamics of a system with periodic structure can be analyzed using a square matrix. In this paper, we show that because the special property of the square matrix constructed for nonlinear dynamics, we can reduce the dimension of the matrix from the original large number for high order calculation to low dimension in the first step of the analysis. Then a stable Jordan decomposition is obtained with much lower dimension. The transformation to Jordan form provides an excellent action-angle approximation to the solution of the nonlinear dynamics, in good agreement with trajectories and tune obtained from tracking. Andmore » more importantly, the deviation from constancy of the new action-angle variable provides a measure of the stability of the phase space trajectories and their tunes. Thus the square matrix provides a novel method to optimize the nonlinear dynamic system. The method is illustrated by many examples of comparison between theory and numerical simulation. Finally, in particular, we show that the square matrix method can be used for optimization to reduce the nonlinearity of a system.« less

Systemic Reform of Astronomy Curriculum in the Montgomery County Public Schools

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Szesze, M.; Kahl, S.; Janney, D.

2002-09-01

In the Montgomery County Public Schools (MCPS), the science curriculum is undergoing a comprehensive systemic review in an effort to revise the system's curriculum and the entire instructional program. As a part of this overall effort, MCPS has developed a framework for the astronomy curriculum that includes a rationale, essential indicators, and blueprints. The school system is partnering with the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center to involve professional astronomers/space scientists as content advisors to ensure science content accuracy and currency. Through this partnership, many NASA developed educational materials have been made available to the school system to assist with the instructional sequences. This new policy has resulted in the development of a clear and coherent astronomy curriculum for grades K-8. The blueprint is written in the form of a set of indicators which identify the exact skills and knowledge that need to be taught at each grade level so that students will meet and exceed state, national, and international standards. Each blueprint also includes the enduring understandings and essential questions that students should focus on for that specific unit of study, a proposed instructional sequence, and assessment and differentiation ideas. Using these blueprints, teachers will create curriculum guides that include model lessons, model assignments, concept maps, resources, assessment samples, and strategies for differentiating the curriculum to meet the needs of a wide range of learners. In addition, a 45 hour certification training course is being developed to train in service teachers in a wide range of space science disciplines from seasons to cosmology. The course is being developed and will be taught by a team composed of space scientists and master educational trainers. Pilot testing of the curriculum and the training course will begin in Fall 2002.

Longitudinal changes of angle configuration in primary angle-closure suspects: the Zhongshan Angle-Closure Prevention Trial.

PubMed

Jiang, Yuzhen; Chang, Dolly S; Zhu, Haogang; Khawaja, Anthony P; Aung, Tin; Huang, Shengsong; Chen, Qianyun; Munoz, Beatriz; Grossi, Carlota M; He, Mingguang; Friedman, David S; Foster, Paul J

2014-09-01

To determine longitudinal changes in angle configuration in the eyes of primary angle-closure suspects (PACS) treated by laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) and in untreated fellow eyes. Longitudinal cohort study. Primary angle-closure suspects aged 50 to 70 years were enrolled in a randomized, controlled clinical trial. Each participant was treated by LPI in 1 randomly selected eye, with the fellow eye serving as a control. Angle width was assessed in a masked fashion using gonioscopy and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) before and at 2 weeks, 6 months, and 18 months after LPI. Angle width in degrees was calculated from Shaffer grades assessed under static gonioscopy. Angle configuration was also evaluated using angle opening distance (AOD250, AOD500, AOD750), trabecular-iris space area (TISA500, TISA750), and angle recess area (ARA) measured in AS-OCT images. No significant difference was found in baseline measures of angle configuration between treated and untreated eyes. At 2 weeks after LPI, the drainage angle on gonioscopy widened from a mean of 13.5° at baseline to a mean of 25.7° in treated eyes, which was also confirmed by significant increases in all AS-OCT angle width measures (P<0.001 for all variables). Between 2 weeks and 18 months after LPI, a significant decrease in angle width was observed over time in treated eyes (P<0.001 for all variables), although the change over the first 5.5 months was not statistically significant for angle width measured under gonioscopy (P = 0.18), AOD250 (P = 0.167) and ARA (P = 0.83). In untreated eyes, angle width consistently decreased across all follow-up visits after LPI, with a more rapid longitudinal decrease compared with treated eyes (P values for all variables ≤0.003). The annual rate of change in angle width was equivalent to 1.2°/year (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8-1.6) in treated eyes and 1.6°/year (95% CI, 1.3-2.0) in untreated eyes (P<0.001). Angle width of treated eyes increased markedly after LPI, remained stable for 6 months, and then decreased significantly by 18 months after LPI. Untreated eyes experienced a more consistent and rapid decrease in angle width over the same time period. Copyright © 2014 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Senarmont compensation for determining fibril angles of cell wall layers

Treesearch

Floyd G. Manwiller

1966-01-01

A technique originated by Preston, is explained for determining fibril angles of the secondary wall layers of fibers. A polarizing microscope equipped with Senarmont compensator is used to measure birefringence of the wall layers in series of sections cut at various angles to the long axis of the cells. Enough measurements are taken on each section to give a...

Increased Anterior Pelvic Angle Characterizes the Gait of Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

PubMed

Naruse, Hiroaki; Fujisawa, Takashi X; Yatsuga, Chiho; Kubota, Masafumi; Matsuo, Hideaki; Takiguchi, Shinichiro; Shimada, Seiichiro; Imai, Yuto; Hiratani, Michio; Kosaka, Hirotaka; Tomoda, Akemi

2017-01-01

Children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently have motor problems. Previous studies have reported that the characteristic gait in children with ADHD is immature and that subjects demonstrate higher levels of variability in gait characteristics for the lower extremities than healthy controls. However, little is known about body movement during gait in children with ADHD. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristic body movements associated with ADHD symptoms in children with ADHD. Using a three-dimensional motion analysis system, we compared gait variables in boys with ADHD (n = 19; mean age, 9.58 years) and boys with typical development (TD) (n = 21; mean age, 10.71 years) to determine the specific gait characteristics related to ADHD symptoms. We assessed spatiotemporal gait variables (i.e. speed, stride length, and cadence), and kinematic gait variables (i.e. angle of pelvis, hip, knee, and ankle) to measure body movement when walking at a self-selected pace. In comparison with the TD group, the ADHD group demonstrated significantly higher values in cadence (t = 3.33, p = 0.002) and anterior pelvic angle (t = 3.08, p = 0.004). In multiple regression analysis, anterior pelvic angle was associated with the ADHD rating scale hyperactive/impulsive scores (β = 0.62, t = 2.58, p = 0.025), but not other psychiatric symptoms in the ADHD group. Our results suggest that anterior pelvic angle represents a specific gait variable related to ADHD symptoms. Our kinematic findings could have potential implications for evaluating the body movement in boys with ADHD.

Stabilizing detached Bridgman melt crystal growth: Proportional-integral feedback control

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yeckel, Andrew; Daoutidis, Prodromos; Derby, Jeffrey J.

2012-10-01

The dynamics, operability limits, and tuning of a proportional-integral feedback controller to stabilize detached vertical Bridgman crystal growth are analyzed using a capillary model of shape stability. The manipulated variable is the pressure difference between upper and lower vapor spaces, and the controlled variable is the gap width at the triple-phase line. Open and closed loop dynamics of step changes in these state variables are analyzed under both shape stable and shape unstable growth conditions. Effects of step changes in static contact angle and growth angle are also studied. Proportional and proportional-integral control can stabilize unstable growth, but only within tight operability limits imposed by the narrow range of allowed meniscus shapes. These limits are used to establish safe operating ranges of controller gain. Strong nonlinearity of the capillary model restricts the range of perturbations that can be stabilized, and under some circumstances, stabilizes a spurious operating state far from the set point. Stabilizing detachment at low growth angle proves difficult and becomes impossible at zero growth angle.

Aerial photographic water color variations from the James River

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bressette, W. E.

1979-01-01

Photographic flights from 305 meters altitude were made throughout the day of May 17, 1977, over seven water data stations in the James River. The flights resulted in wide-angle, broadband, spectral radiance film exposure data between the wavelengths of 500 to 900 nanometers for sun elevation angles ranging from 37 to 64 deg and variable atmospheric haze conditions. It is shown from densitometer data that: (1) the dominant observed color from James River waters is determined by the optical properties of the total suspended solid load, (2) variability in observed color is produced by a changing solar elevation angle; and (3) the rate at which observed color changes is influenced by both solar elevation angle and atmospheric conditions.

Formal semantic specifications as implementation blueprints for real-time programming languages

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Feyock, S.

1981-01-01

Formal definitions of language and system semantics provide highly desirable checks on the correctness of implementations of programming languages and their runtime support systems. If these definitions can give concrete guidance to the implementor, major increases in implementation accuracy and decreases in implementation effort can be achieved. It is shown that of the wide variety of available methods the Hgraph (hypergraph) definitional technique (Pratt, 1975), is best suited to serve as such an implementation blueprint. A discussion and example of the Hgraph technique is presented, as well as an overview of the growing body of implementation experience of real-time languages based on Hgraph semantic definitions.

Steps Toward Innovative Childbirth Education: Selected Strategies From the Blueprint for Action

PubMed Central

Jolivet, R. Rima; Corry, Maureen P.

2010-01-01

To mark the 50th anniversary of Lamaze International, Childbirth Connection celebrates landmark accomplishments in education for childbearing women and families, and takes stock of the changing educational needs and preferences of current childbearing families in looking toward the future. Childbirth Connection's multi-year, multi-stakeholder Transforming Maternity Care initiative resulted in two landmark reports: 2020 Vision for a High-Quality, High-Value Maternity Care System and Blueprint for Action: Steps Toward a High-Quality, High-Value Maternity Care System. Selected recommendations of greatest relevance to the field of childbirth education are discussed, and the new Transforming Maternity Care Partnership is introduced. PMID:21629389

Andre Hellegers and Carroll House: architect and blueprint for the Kennedy Institute of Ethics.

PubMed

Harvey, John Collins

2004-06-01

The Newman programs established at secular colleges and universities provided an opportunity for intellectual, spiritual, and social growth among the Catholic student population. As a young physician and junior medical faculty member, Andre Hellegers took part in the early organization and ongoing work of Carroll House, the Newman Center at the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions. Helleger's experience at Carroll House enabled him to develop a clear blueprint of an academic center of excellence for the scientific, theological, and philosophical exploration of the many problems that he had seen and foresaw in medicine. That center would become Georgetown's Kennedy Institute of Ethics.

From ultraviolet to Prussian blue: a spectral response for the cyanotype process and a safe educational activity to explain UV exposure for all ages.

PubMed

Turner, J; Parisi, A V; Downs, N; Lynch, M

2014-12-01

Engaging students and the public in understanding UV radiation and its effects is achievable using the real time experiment that incorporates blueprint paper, an "educational toy" that is a safe and easy demonstration of the cyanotype chemical process. The cyanotype process works through the presence of UV radiation. The blueprint paper was investigated to be used as not only engagement in discussion for public outreach about UV radiation, but also as a practical way to introduce the exploration of measurement of UV radiation exposure and as a consequence, digital image analysis. Tests of print methods and experiments, dose response, spectral response and dark response were investigated. Two methods of image analysis for dose response calculation are provided using easy to access software and two methods of pixel count analysis were used to determine spectral response characteristics. Variation in manufacture of the blueprint paper product indicates some variance between measurements. Most importantly, as a result of this investigation, a preliminary spectral response range for the radiation required to produce the cyanotype reaction is presented here, which has until now been unknown.

New ecological knowledge and practices for society and sustainability

USGS Publications Warehouse

Nichols, Erica; Baron, Jill S.; Dirzo, Rodolfo; Sarukhan, Jose; Persic, Ana; Arico, Salvatore

2007-01-01

As attributes of the Earth's ecosystems shift in the face of human impact and sustainability of ecosystem services becomes less certain, one important tool at the disposal of the scientific community and other groups is a blueprint for understanding, evaluating, and communicating the value of ecological services. The blueprint presented here is based on (1) an examination of the ecological and societal trade-offs accompanying any given action, (2) revised methods of communication, and (3) coordination of actions at many different scales. The Mexican National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO) is a good example of a demand-driven “bridging institution” between academia, government, and civil society, and it works to collect and convert scientific information into information for policy, management, and conservation. Intergovernmental organizations like the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) are well placed to facilitate such coordination at the international level, through their work with member states. Through collaboration with the constituencies of such organizations as the Ecological Society of America, the blueprint described below has the potential to become an important tool for assessing and managing threats to ecosystem services that are essential to life.

Convergence of leaf display and photosynthetic characteristics of understory Abies amabilis and Tsuga Heterophylla in an old-growth forest in southwestern Washington State, USA

Treesearch

Hiroaki Ishii; Ken-Ichi Yoshimura; Akira Mori

2009-01-01

The branching pattern of A. amabilis was regular (normal shoot-length distribution, less variable branching angle and bifurcation ratio), whereas that of T. heterophylla was more plastic (positively skewed shoot-length distribution, more variable branching angle and bifurcation ratio). The two species had similar shoot...

Operating Comfort Prediction Model of Human-Machine Interface Layout for Cabin Based on GEP.

PubMed

Deng, Li; Wang, Guohua; Chen, Bo

2015-01-01

In view of the evaluation and decision-making problem of human-machine interface layout design for cabin, the operating comfort prediction model is proposed based on GEP (Gene Expression Programming), using operating comfort to evaluate layout scheme. Through joint angles to describe operating posture of upper limb, the joint angles are taken as independent variables to establish the comfort model of operating posture. Factor analysis is adopted to decrease the variable dimension; the model's input variables are reduced from 16 joint angles to 4 comfort impact factors, and the output variable is operating comfort score. The Chinese virtual human body model is built by CATIA software, which will be used to simulate and evaluate the operators' operating comfort. With 22 groups of evaluation data as training sample and validation sample, GEP algorithm is used to obtain the best fitting function between the joint angles and the operating comfort; then, operating comfort can be predicted quantitatively. The operating comfort prediction result of human-machine interface layout of driller control room shows that operating comfort prediction model based on GEP is fast and efficient, it has good prediction effect, and it can improve the design efficiency.

Operating Comfort Prediction Model of Human-Machine Interface Layout for Cabin Based on GEP

PubMed Central

Wang, Guohua; Chen, Bo

2015-01-01

In view of the evaluation and decision-making problem of human-machine interface layout design for cabin, the operating comfort prediction model is proposed based on GEP (Gene Expression Programming), using operating comfort to evaluate layout scheme. Through joint angles to describe operating posture of upper limb, the joint angles are taken as independent variables to establish the comfort model of operating posture. Factor analysis is adopted to decrease the variable dimension; the model's input variables are reduced from 16 joint angles to 4 comfort impact factors, and the output variable is operating comfort score. The Chinese virtual human body model is built by CATIA software, which will be used to simulate and evaluate the operators' operating comfort. With 22 groups of evaluation data as training sample and validation sample, GEP algorithm is used to obtain the best fitting function between the joint angles and the operating comfort; then, operating comfort can be predicted quantitatively. The operating comfort prediction result of human-machine interface layout of driller control room shows that operating comfort prediction model based on GEP is fast and efficient, it has good prediction effect, and it can improve the design efficiency. PMID:26448740

Wind-Tunnel Investigation of the Effect of Angle of Attack and Flapping-Hinge Offset on Periodic Bending Moments and Flapping of a Small Rotor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McCarty, John Locke; Brooks, George W.; Maglieri, Domenic J.

1959-01-01

A two-blade rotor having a diameter of 4 feet and a solidity of 0.037 was tested in the Langley 300-MPH 7- by 10-foot tunnel to obtain information on the effect of certain rotor variables on the blade periodic bending moments and flapping angles during the various stages of transformation between the helicopter and autogiro configuration. Variables studied included collective pitch angle, flapping-hinge offset, rotor angle of attack, and tip-speed ratio. The results show that the blade periodic bending moments generally increase with tip-speed ratio up into the transition region, diminish over a certain range of tip-speed ratio, and increase again at higher tip-speed ratios. Above the transition region, the bending moments increase with collective pitch angle and rotor angle of attack. The absence of a flapping hinge results in a significant amplification of the periodic bending moments, the magnitudes of which increase with tip-speed ratio. When the flapping hinge is used, an increase in flapping-hinge offset results in reduced period bending moments. The aforementioned trends exhibited by the bending moments for changes in the variables are essentially duplicated by the periodic flapping motions. The existence of substantial amounts of blade stall increased both the periodic bending moments and the flapping angles. Harmonic analysis of the bending moments shows significant contributions of the higher harmonics, particularly in the transition region.

The History of the CONCAM Project: All Sky Monitors in the Digital Age

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nemiroff, Robert; Shamir, Lior; Pereira, Wellesley

2018-01-01

The CONtinuous CAMera (CONCAM) project, which ran from 2000 to (about) 2008, consisted of real-time, Internet-connected, fisheye cameras located at major astronomical observatories. At its peak, eleven CONCAMs around the globe monitored most of the night sky, most of the time. Initially designed to search for transients and stellar variability, CONCAMs gained initial notoriety as cloud monitors. As such, CONCAMs made -- and its successors continue to make -- ground-based astronomy more efficient. The original, compact, fisheye-observatory-in-a-suitcase design underwent several iterations, starting with CONCAM0 and with the last version dubbed CONCAM3. Although the CONCAM project itself concluded after centralized funding diminished, today more locally-operated, commercially-designed, CONCAM-like devices operate than ever before. It has even been shown that modern smartphones can operate in a CONCAM-like mode. It is speculated that the re-instatement of better global coordination of current wide-angle sky monitors could lead to better variability monitoring of the brightest stars and transients.

Evaluation of solar angle variation over digital processing of LANDSAT imagery. [Brazil

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Parada, N. D. J. (Principal Investigator); Novo, E. M. L. M.

1984-01-01

The effects of the seasonal variation of illumination over digital processing of LANDSAT images are evaluated. Original images are transformed by means of digital filtering to enhance their spatial features. The resulting images are used to obtain an unsupervised classification of relief units. After defining relief classes, which are supposed to be spectrally different, topographic variables (declivity, altitude, relief range and slope length) are used to identify the true relief units existing on the ground. The samples are also clustered by means of an unsupervised classification option. The results obtained for each LANDSAT overpass are compared. Digital processing is highly affected by illumination geometry. There is no correspondence between relief units as defined by spectral features and those resulting from topographic features.

Lateral-directional stability characteristics of a wing-fuselage configuration at angles of attack up to 44 deg

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Henderson, W. P.; Huffman, J. K.

1974-01-01

An investigation has been conducted to determine the effects of configuration variables on the lateral-directional stability characteristics of a wing-fuselage configuration. The variables under study included variations in the location of a single center-line vertical tail and twin vertical tails, wing height, fuselage strakes, and horizontal tails. The study was conducted in the Langley high-speed 7-by 10-foot tunnel at a Mach number of 0.30, at angles of attack up to 44 deg and at sideslip angles of 0 deg and plus or minus 5 deg.

Variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometric characterization of HfO2 thin film

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, M.; Kumari, N.; Karar, V.; Sharma, A. L.

2018-02-01

Hafnium Oxide film was deposited on BK7 glass substrate using reactive oxygenated E-Beam deposition technique. The film was deposited using in-situ quartz crystal thickness monitoring to control the film thickness and rate of evaporation. The thin film was grown with a rate of deposition of 0.3 nm/s. The coated substrate was optically characterized using spectrophotometer to determine its transmission spectra. The optical constants as well as film thickness of the hafnia film were extracted by variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry with Cauchy fitting at incidence angles of 65˚, 70˚ and 75˚.

The influence of muscle pennation angle and cross-sectional area on contact forces in the ankle joint.

PubMed

Sopher, Ran S; Amis, Andrew A; Davies, D Ceri; Jeffers, Jonathan Rt

2017-01-01

Data about a muscle's fibre pennation angle and physiological cross-sectional area are used in musculoskeletal modelling to estimate muscle forces, which are used to calculate joint contact forces. For the leg, muscle architecture data are derived from studies that measured pennation angle at the muscle surface, but not deep within it. Musculoskeletal models developed to estimate joint contact loads have usually been based on the mean values of pennation angle and physiological cross-sectional area. Therefore, the first aim of this study was to investigate differences between superficial and deep pennation angles within each muscle acting over the ankle and predict how differences may influence muscle forces calculated in musculoskeletal modelling. The second aim was to investigate how inter-subject variability in physiological cross-sectional area and pennation angle affects calculated ankle contact forces. Eight cadaveric legs were dissected to excise the muscles acting over the ankle. The mean surface and deep pennation angles, fibre length and physiological cross-sectional area were measured. Cluster analysis was applied to group the muscles according to their architectural characteristics. A previously validated OpenSim model was used to estimate ankle muscle forces and contact loads using architecture data from all eight limbs. The mean surface pennation angle for soleus was significantly greater (54%) than the mean deep pennation angle. Cluster analysis revealed three groups of muscles with similar architecture and function: deep plantarflexors and peroneals, superficial plantarflexors and dorsiflexors. Peak ankle contact force was predicted to occur before toe-off, with magnitude greater than five times bodyweight. Inter-specimen variability in contact force was smallest at peak force. These findings will help improve the development of experimental and computational musculoskeletal models by providing data to estimate force based on both surface and deep pennation angles. Inter-subject variability in muscle architecture affected ankle muscle and contact loads only slightly. The link between muscle architecture and function contributes to the understanding of the relationship between muscle structure and function.

Near Earth Inner-Source and Interstellar Pickup Ions Observed with the Hot Plasma Composition Analyzer of the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission Mms-Hpca

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gomez, R. G.; Fuselier, S. A.; Mukherjee, J.; Gonzalez, C. A.

2017-12-01

Pickup ions found near the earth are generally picked up in the rest frame of the solar wind, and propagate radially outward from their point of origin. While propagating, they simultaneously gyrate about the magnetic field. Pickup ions come in two general populations; interstellar and inner source ions. Interstellar ions originate in the interstellar medium, enter the solar system in a neutral charge state, are gravitationally focused on the side of the sun opposite their arrival direction and, are ionized when they travel near the sun. Inner-source ions originate at a location within the solar system and between the sun and the observation point. Both pickup ion populations share similarities in composition and charge states, so measuring of their dynamics, using their velocity distribution functions, f(v)'s, is absolutely essential to distinguishing them, and to determining their spatial and temporal origins. Presented here will be the results of studies conducted with the four Hot Plasma Composition Analyzers of the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission (MMS-HPCA). These instruments measure the full sky (4π steradians) distribution functions of near earth plasmas at a 10 second cadence in an energy-to-charge range 0.001-40 keV/e. The instruments are also capable of parsing this combined energy-solid angle phase space with 22.5° resolution polar angle, and 11.25° in azimuthal angle, allowing for clear measurement of the pitch angle scattering of the ions.

A blueprint for demonstrating quantum supremacy with superconducting qubits.

PubMed

Neill, C; Roushan, P; Kechedzhi, K; Boixo, S; Isakov, S V; Smelyanskiy, V; Megrant, A; Chiaro, B; Dunsworth, A; Arya, K; Barends, R; Burkett, B; Chen, Y; Chen, Z; Fowler, A; Foxen, B; Giustina, M; Graff, R; Jeffrey, E; Huang, T; Kelly, J; Klimov, P; Lucero, E; Mutus, J; Neeley, M; Quintana, C; Sank, D; Vainsencher, A; Wenner, J; White, T C; Neven, H; Martinis, J M

2018-04-13

A key step toward demonstrating a quantum system that can address difficult problems in physics and chemistry will be performing a computation beyond the capabilities of any classical computer, thus achieving so-called quantum supremacy. In this study, we used nine superconducting qubits to demonstrate a promising path toward quantum supremacy. By individually tuning the qubit parameters, we were able to generate thousands of distinct Hamiltonian evolutions and probe the output probabilities. The measured probabilities obey a universal distribution, consistent with uniformly sampling the full Hilbert space. As the number of qubits increases, the system continues to explore the exponentially growing number of states. Extending these results to a system of 50 qubits has the potential to address scientific questions that are beyond the capabilities of any classical computer. Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.

Therapeutic synthetic gene networks.

PubMed

Karlsson, Maria; Weber, Wilfried

2012-10-01

The field of synthetic biology is rapidly expanding and has over the past years evolved from the development of simple gene networks to complex treatment-oriented circuits. The reprogramming of cell fate with open-loop or closed-loop synthetic control circuits along with biologically implemented logical functions have fostered applications spanning over a wide range of disciplines, including artificial insemination, personalized medicine and the treatment of cancer and metabolic disorders. In this review we describe several applications of interactive gene networks, a synthetic biology-based approach for future gene therapy, as well as the utilization of synthetic gene circuits as blueprints for the design of stimuli-responsive biohybrid materials. The recent progress in synthetic biology, including the rewiring of biosensing devices with the body's endogenous network as well as novel therapeutic approaches originating from interdisciplinary work, generates numerous opportunities for future biomedical applications. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Electron and positron interaction with pyrimidine: A theoretical investigation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sinha, Nidhi; Antony, Bobby

2018-03-01

Pyrimidine (C4H4N2) is considered as the building block of nucleobases, viz., cytosine, thymine and uracil. They provide a blueprint for probing the scattering of radiation by DNA and RNA bases. In this article, we report the elastic and total scattering cross-sections for electron and positron scattering from the pyrimidine molecule, employing a spherical complex optical potential (SCOP) formalism for an extensive energy range of 10 eV to 5 keV. In the case of positron scattering, the original SCOP formalism is modified to adequately solve the positron-target dynamics. Moreover, a reasonable agreement is observed between the present results and other available datasets, for both electron and positron scattering. The cross-sections for electron and positron impact scattering by pyrimidine are necessary input data for codes that seek to simulate radiation damage, and hence are useful to model biomolecular systems.

Translating genomic information into clinical medicine: lung cancer as a paradigm.

PubMed

Levy, Mia A; Lovly, Christine M; Pao, William

2012-11-01

We are currently in an era of rapidly expanding knowledge about the genetic landscape and architectural blueprints of various cancers. These discoveries have led to a new taxonomy of malignant diseases based upon clinically relevant molecular alterations in addition to histology or tissue of origin. The new molecularly based classification holds the promise of rational rather than empiric approaches for the treatment of cancer patients. However, the accelerated pace of discovery and the expanding number of targeted anti-cancer therapies present a significant challenge for healthcare practitioners to remain informed and up-to-date on how to apply cutting-edge discoveries into daily clinical practice. In this Perspective, we use lung cancer as a paradigm to discuss challenges related to translating genomic information into the clinic, and we present one approach we took at Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center to address these challenges.

Marshall Team Fires Recreated Goddard Rocket

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

In honor of the Centernial of Flight Celebration and commissioned by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), a team of engineers from Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) built a replica of the first liquid-fueled rocket. The original rocket, designed and built by rocket engineering pioneer Robert H. Goddard in 1926, opened the door to modern rocketry. Goddard's rocket reached an altitude of 41 feet while its flight lasted only 2.5 seconds. The Marshall design team's plan was to stay as close as possible to an authentic reconstruction of Goddard's rocket. The same propellants were used - liquid oxygen and gasoline - as available during Goddard's initial testing and firing. The team also tried to construct the replica using the original materials and design to the greatest extent possible. By purposely using less advanced techniques and materials than many that are available today, the team encountered numerous technical challenges in testing the functional hardware. There were no original blueprints or drawings, only photographs and notes. However, this faithful adherence to historical accuracy has allowed the team to experience many of the same challenges Goddard faced 77 years ago, and more fully appreciate the genius of this extraordinary man. In this photo, the replica is shown firing in the A-frame launch stand in near-flight configuration at MSFC's Test Area 116 during the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 39th Joint Propulsion Conference on July 23, 2003.

Around Marshall

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-07-23

In honor of the Centernial of Flight Celebration and commissioned by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), a team of engineers from Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) built a replica of the first liquid-fueled rocket. The original rocket, designed and built by rocket engineering pioneer Robert H. Goddard in 1926, opened the door to modern rocketry. Goddard's rocket reached an altitude of 41 feet while its flight lasted only 2.5 seconds. The Marshall design team's plan was to stay as close as possible to an authentic reconstruction of Goddard's rocket. The same propellants were used - liquid oxygen and gasoline - as available during Goddard's initial testing and firing. The team also tried to construct the replica using the original materials and design to the greatest extent possible. By purposely using less advanced techniques and materials than many that are available today, the team encountered numerous technical challenges in testing the functional hardware. There were no original blueprints or drawings, only photographs and notes. However, this faithful adherence to historical accuracy has allowed the team to experience many of the same challenges Goddard faced 77 years ago, and more fully appreciate the genius of this extraordinary man. In this photo, the replica is shown firing in the A-frame launch stand in near-flight configuration at MSFC's Test Area 116 during the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 39th Joint Propulsion Conference on July 23, 2003.

Suppression of threshold voltage variability in MOSFETs by adjustment of ion implantation parameters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, Jae Hyun; Chang, Tae-sig; Kim, Minsuk; Woo, Sola; Kim, Sangsig

2018-01-01

In this study, we investigate threshold voltage (VTH) variability of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors induced by random dopant fluctuation (RDF). Our simulation work demonstrates not only the influence of the implantation parameters such as its dose, tilt angle, energy, and rotation angle on the RDF-induced VTH variability, but also the solution to reduce the effect of this variability. By adjusting the ion implantation parameters, the 3σ (VTH) is reduced from 43.8 mV to 28.9 mV. This 34% reduction is significant, considering that our technique is very cost effective and facilitates easy fabrication, increasing availability.

Predictors of Frontal Plane Knee Moments During Side-Step Cutting to 45 and 110 Degrees in Men and Women: Implications for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury.

PubMed

Sigward, Susan M; Cesar, Guilherme M; Havens, Kathryn L

2015-11-01

To compare frontal plane knee moments, and kinematics and kinetics associated with knee valgus moments between cutting to 45 and 110 degrees, and to determine the predictive value of kinematics and ground reaction forces (GRFs) on knee valgus moments when cutting to these angles. Also, to determine whether sex differences exist in kinematics and kinetics when cutting to 45 and 110 degrees. Cross-sectional study. Laboratory setting. Forty-five (20 females) healthy young adult soccer athletes aged 16 to 23 years. Kinematic and kinetic variables were compared between randomly cued side-step cutting maneuvers to 45 and 110 degrees. Predictors of knee valgus moment were determined for each task. Kinematic variables: knee valgus angle, hip abduction, and internal rotation angles. Kinetic variables: vertical, posterior, and lateral GRFs, and knee valgus moment. Knee valgus moments were greater when cutting to 110 degrees compared with 45 degrees, and females exhibited greater moments than males. Vertical and lateral GRFs, hip internal rotation angle, and knee valgus angle explained 63% of the variance in knee valgus moment during cutting to 45 degrees. During cutting to 110 degrees, posterior GRF, hip internal rotation angle, and knee valgus angle explained 41% of the variance in knee valgus moment. Cutting tasks with larger redirection demands result in greater knee valgus moments. Similar factors, including shear GRFs, hip internal rotation, and knee valgus position contribute to knee valgus loading during cuts performed to smaller (45 degrees) and larger (110 degrees) angles. Reducing vertical and shear GRFs during cutting maneuvers may reduce knee valgus moments and thereby potentially reduce risk for anterior cruciate ligament injury.

T1 mapping with the variable flip angle technique: A simple correction for insufficient spoiling of transverse magnetization.

PubMed

Baudrexel, Simon; Nöth, Ulrike; Schüre, Jan-Rüdiger; Deichmann, Ralf

2018-06-01

The variable flip angle method derives T 1 maps from radiofrequency-spoiled gradient-echo data sets, acquired with different flip angles α. Because the method assumes validity of the Ernst equation, insufficient spoiling of transverse magnetization yields errors in T 1 estimation, depending on the chosen radiofrequency-spoiling phase increment (Δϕ). This paper presents a versatile correction method that uses modified flip angles α' to restore the validity of the Ernst equation. Spoiled gradient-echo signals were simulated for three commonly used phase increments Δϕ (50°/117°/150°), different values of α, repetition time (TR), T 1 , and a T 2 of 85 ms. For each parameter combination, α' (for which the Ernst equation yielded the same signal) and a correction factor C Δϕ (α, TR, T 1 ) = α'/α were determined. C Δϕ was found to be independent of T 1 and fitted as polynomial C Δϕ (α, TR), allowing to calculate α' for any protocol using this Δϕ. The accuracy of the correction method for T 2 values deviating from 85 ms was also determined. The method was tested in vitro and in vivo for variable flip angle scans with different acquisition parameters. The technique considerably improved the accuracy of variable flip angle-based T 1 maps in vitro and in vivo. The proposed method allows for a simple correction of insufficient spoiling in gradient-echo data. The required polynomial parameters are supplied for three common Δϕ. Magn Reson Med 79:3082-3092, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

Comparative analysis of 2 glenoid version measurement methods in variable axial slices on 3-dimensionally reconstructed computed tomography scans.

PubMed

Cunningham, Gregory; Freebody, John; Smith, Margaret M; Taha, Mohy E; Young, Allan A; Cass, Benjamin; Giuffre, Bruno

2018-05-16

Most glenoid version measurement methods have been validated on 3-dimensionally corrected axial computed tomography (CT) slices at the mid glenoid. Variability of the vault according to slice height and angulation has not yet been studied and is crucial for proper surgical implant positioning. The aim of this study was to analyze the variation of the glenoid vault compared with the Friedman angle according to different CT slice heights and angulations. The hypothesis was that the Friedman angle would show less variability. Sixty shoulder CT scans were retrieved from a hospital imaging database and were reconstructed in the plane of the scapula. Seven axial slices of different heights and coronal angulations were selected, and measurements were carried out by 3 observers. Mid-glenoid mean version was -8.0° (±4.9°; range, -19.6° to +7.0°) and -2.1° (±4.7°; range, -13.0° to +10.3°) using the vault method and Friedman angle, respectively. For both methods, decreasing slice height or angulation did not significantly alter version. Increasing slice height or angulation significantly increased anteversion for the vault method (P < .001). Both interobserver reliability and intraobserver reliability were significantly higher using the Friedman angle. Version at the mid and lower glenoid is similar using either method. The vault method shows less reliability and more variability according to slice height or angulation. Yet, as it significantly differs from the Friedman angle, it should still be used in situations where maximum bone purchase is sought with glenoid implants. For any other situation, the Friedman angle remains the method of choice. Copyright © 2018 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Variability of Plyometric and Ballistic Exercise Technique Maintains Jump Performance.

PubMed

Chandler, Phillip T; Greig, Matthew; Comfort, Paul; McMahon, John J

2018-06-01

Chandler, PT, Greig, M, Comfort, P, and McMahon, JJ. Variability of plyometric and ballistic exercise technique maintains jump performance. J Strength Cond Res 32(6): 1571-1582, 2018-The aim of this study was to investigate changes in vertical jump technique over the course of a training session. Twelve plyometric and ballistic exercise-trained male athletes (age = 23.4 ± 4.6 years, body mass = 78.7 ± 18.8 kg, height = 177.1 ± 9.0 cm) performed 3 sets of 10 repetitions of drop jump (DJ), rebound jump (RJ) and squat jump (SJ). Each exercise was analyzed from touchdown to peak joint flexion and peak joint flexion to take-off. Squat jump was analyzed from peak joint flexion to take-off only. Jump height, flexion and extension time and range of motion, and instantaneous angles of the ankle, knee, and hip joints were measured. Separate 1-way repeated analyses of variance compared vertical jump technique across exercise sets and repetitions. Exercise set analysis found that SJ had lower results than DJ and RJ for the angle at peak joint flexion for the hip, knee, and ankle joints and take-off angle of the hip joint. Exercise repetition analysis found that the ankle joint had variable differences for the angle at take-off, flexion, and extension time for RJ. The knee joint had variable differences for flexion time for DJ and angle at take-off and touchdown for RJ. There was no difference in jump height. Variation in measured parameters across repetitions highlights variable technique across plyometric and ballistic exercises. This did not affect jump performance, but likely maintained jump performance by overcoming constraints (e.g., level of rate coding).

UV-Vis reflection spectroscopy under variable angle incidence at the air-liquid interface.

PubMed

Roldán-Carmona, Cristina; Rubia-Payá, Carlos; Pérez-Morales, Marta; Martín-Romero, María T; Giner-Casares, Juan J; Camacho, Luis

2014-03-07

The UV-Vis reflection spectroscopy (UV-Vis-RS) in situ at the air-liquid interface provides information about tilt and aggregation of chromophores in Langmuir monolayers. This information is particularly important given in most cases the chromophore is located at the polar region of the Langmuir monolayer. This region of the Langmuir monolayers has been hardly accessible by other experimental techniques. In spite of its enormous potential, the application of UV-Vis-RS has been limited mainly to reflection measurements under light normal incidence or at lower incidence angles than the Brewster angle. Remarkably, this technique is quite sensitive to the tilt of the chromophores at values of incidence angles close to or larger than the Brewster angle. Therefore, a novel method to obtain the order parameter of the chromophores at the air-liquid interface by using s- and p-polarized radiation at different incidence angles is proposed. This method allowed for the first time the experimental observation of the two components with different polarization properties of a single UV-Vis band at the air-liquid interface. The method of UV-Vis spectroscopy under variable angle incidence is presented as a new tool for obtaining rich detailed information on Langmuir monolayers.

A Blueprint to Address Research Gaps in the Development of Biomarkers for Pediatric Tuberculosis

PubMed Central

Nicol, Mark Patrick; Gnanashanmugam, Devasena; Browning, Renee; Click, Eleanor S.; Cuevas, Luis E.; Detjen, Anne; Graham, Steve M.; Levin, Michael; Makhene, Mamodikoe; Nahid, Payam; Perez-Velez, Carlos M.; Reither, Klaus; Song, Rinn; Spiegel, Hans M. L.; Worrell, Carol; Zar, Heather J.; Walzl, Gerhard

2015-01-01

Childhood tuberculosis contributes significantly to the global tuberculosis disease burden but remains challenging to diagnose due to inadequate methods of pathogen detection in paucibacillary pediatric samples and lack of a child-specific host biomarker to identify disease. Accurately diagnosing tuberculosis in children is required to improve case detection, surveillance, healthcare delivery, and effective advocacy. In May 2014, the National Institutes of Health convened a workshop including researchers in the field to delineate priorities to address this research gap. This blueprint describes the consensus from the workshop, identifies critical research steps to advance this field, and aims to catalyze efforts toward harmonization and collaboration in this area. PMID:26409279

The 3D genome in transcriptional regulation and pluripotency.

PubMed

Gorkin, David U; Leung, Danny; Ren, Bing

2014-06-05

It can be convenient to think of the genome as simply a string of nucleotides, the linear order of which encodes an organism's genetic blueprint. However, the genome does not exist as a linear entity within cells where this blueprint is actually utilized. Inside the nucleus, the genome is organized in three-dimensional (3D) space, and lineage-specific transcriptional programs that direct stem cell fate are implemented in this native 3D context. Here, we review principles of 3D genome organization in mammalian cells. We focus on the emerging relationship between genome organization and lineage-specific transcriptional regulation, which we argue are inextricably linked. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Running Technique is an Important Component of Running Economy and Performance

PubMed Central

FOLLAND, JONATHAN P.; ALLEN, SAM J.; BLACK, MATTHEW I.; HANDSAKER, JOSEPH C.; FORRESTER, STEPHANIE E.

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT Despite an intuitive relationship between technique and both running economy (RE) and performance, and the diverse techniques used by runners to achieve forward locomotion, the objective importance of overall technique and the key components therein remain to be elucidated. Purpose This study aimed to determine the relationship between individual and combined kinematic measures of technique with both RE and performance. Methods Ninety-seven endurance runners (47 females) of diverse competitive standards performed a discontinuous protocol of incremental treadmill running (4-min stages, 1-km·h−1 increments). Measurements included three-dimensional full-body kinematics, respiratory gases to determine energy cost, and velocity of lactate turn point. Five categories of kinematic measures (vertical oscillation, braking, posture, stride parameters, and lower limb angles) and locomotory energy cost (LEc) were averaged across 10–12 km·h−1 (the highest common velocity < velocity of lactate turn point). Performance was measured as season's best (SB) time converted to a sex-specific z-score. Results Numerous kinematic variables were correlated with RE and performance (LEc, 19 variables; SB time, 11 variables). Regression analysis found three variables (pelvis vertical oscillation during ground contact normalized to height, minimum knee joint angle during ground contact, and minimum horizontal pelvis velocity) explained 39% of LEc variability. In addition, four variables (minimum horizontal pelvis velocity, shank touchdown angle, duty factor, and trunk forward lean) combined to explain 31% of the variability in performance (SB time). Conclusions This study provides novel and robust evidence that technique explains a substantial proportion of the variance in RE and performance. We recommend that runners and coaches are attentive to specific aspects of stride parameters and lower limb angles in part to optimize pelvis movement, and ultimately enhance performance. PMID:28263283

Shaping Cutter Original Profile for Fine-module Ratchet Teeth Cutting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sharkov, O. V.; Koryagin, S. I.; Velikanov, N. L.

2018-03-01

The methods for determining geometric characteristics of a theoretical original profile of the cutter for cutting ratchet teeth with a module of 0.3–1.0 mm are considered in the article. Design models describing the shaping process of cutting edges of cutter teeth are developed. Systems of expressions for determining coordinates of the points of front and back edges of cutter teeth; the workpiece angles of rotation during the cutting process; the minimum cutter radius are received. The basic data when using the proposed technique are: radii of circumferences passing through cavities of cutter teeth and external cut teeth; the gradient angle and length of straight section of the front edge of a cut tooth; angles of rotation of the cutter and the workpiece at the moment of shaping.

Erratum: ``CO Line Width Differences in Early Universe Molecular Emission-Line Galaxies: Submillimeter Galaxies versus QSO Hosts'' (AJ, 131, 2763 [2006])

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carilli, C. L.; Wang, Ran

2006-11-01

It has been pointed out to us that in three dimensions the mean angle of randomly oriented disks with respect to the sky plane is <θ>=30deg, and not the 45° assumed in the original paper. This lower angle for the (assumed) random distribution of submillimeter galaxies, coupled with the factor of 2.3 lower mean CO line width for high-z, far-IR-luminous QSO host galaxies relative to the submillimeter galaxies, implies a mean angle with respect to the sky plane for the QSO host galaxies of <θ>QSO=13deg, as opposed to the 18° quoted in the original paper. We thank Pat Hall for bringing this to our attention.

Angle Measurement System (AMS) for Establishing Model Pitch and Roll Zero, and Performing Single Axis Angle Comparisons

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Crawford, Bradley L.

2007-01-01

The angle measurement system (AMS) developed at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) is a system for many uses. It was originally developed to check taper fits in the wind tunnel model support system. The system was further developed to measure simultaneous pitch and roll angles using 3 orthogonally mounted accelerometers (3-axis). This 3-axis arrangement is used as a transfer standard from the calibration standard to the wind tunnel facility. It is generally used to establish model pitch and roll zero and performs the in-situ calibration on model attitude devices. The AMS originally used a laptop computer running DOS based software but has recently been upgraded to operate in a windows environment. Other improvements have also been made to the software to enhance its accuracy and add features. This paper will discuss the accuracy and calibration methodologies used in this system and some of the features that have contributed to its popularity.

Thin-film hermeticity - A quantitative analysis of diamondlike carbon using variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Orzeszko, S.; De, Bhola N.; Woollam, John A.; Pouch, John J.; Alterovitz, Samuel A.

1988-01-01

This paper reports on the successful application of variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry to quantitative thin-film hermeticity evaluation. It is shown that, under a variety of film preparations and moisture introduction conditions, water penetrates only a very thin diamondlike carbon (DLC) top surface-roughness region. Thus, DLC is an excellent candidate for use as protective coatings in adverse chemical and aqueous environments.

ELECTRIC PHASE ANGLE OF CELL MEMBRANES

PubMed Central

Cole, Kenneth S.

1932-01-01

From the theory of an electric network containing any combination of resistances and a single variable impedance element having a constant phase angle independent of frequency, it is shown that the graph of the terminal series reactance against the resistance is an arc of a circle with the position of the center depending upon the phase angle of the variable element. If it be assumed that biological systems are equivalent to such a network, the hypotheses are supported at low and intermediate frequencies by data on red blood cells, muscle, nerve, and potato. For some tissues there is a marked divergence from the circle at high frequencies, which is not interpreted. PMID:19872673

Static internal performance of single-expansion-ramp nozzles with various combinations of internal geometric parameters

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Re, R. J.; Leavitt, L. D.

1984-01-01

The effects of five geometric design parameters on the internal performance of single-expansion-ramp nozzles were investigated at nozzle pressure ratios up to 10 in the static-test facility of the Langley 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel. The geometric variables on the expansion-ramp surface of the upper flap consisted of ramp chordal angle, ramp length, and initial ramp angle. On the lower flap, the geometric variables consisted of flap angle and flap length. Both internal performance and static-pressure distributions on the centerlines of the upper and lower flaps were obtained for all 43 nozzle configurations tested.

The Viewing Geometry of Brown Dwarfs Influences Their Observed Colors and Variability Amplitudes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vos, Johanna M.; Allers, Katelyn N.; Biller, Beth A.

2017-06-01

In this paper we study the full sample of known Spitzer [3.6 μm] and J-band variable brown dwarfs. We calculate the rotational velocities, v\\sin I, of 16 variable brown dwarfs using archival Keck NIRSPEC data and compute the inclination angles of 19 variable brown dwarfs. The results obtained show that all objects in the sample with mid-IR variability detections are inclined at an angle > 20^\\circ , while all objects in the sample displaying J-band variability have an inclination angle > 35^\\circ . J-band variability appears to be more affected by inclination than Spitzer [3.6 μm] variability, and is strongly attenuated at lower inclinations. Since J-band observations probe deeper into the atmosphere than mid-IR observations, this effect may be due to the increased atmospheric path length of J-band flux at lower inclinations. We find a statistically significant correlation between the color anomaly and inclination of our sample, where field objects viewed equator-on appear redder than objects viewed at lower inclinations. Considering the full sample of known variable L, T, and Y spectral type objects in the literature, we find that the variability properties of the two bands display notably different trends that are due to both intrinsic differences between bands and the sensitivity of ground-based versus space-based searches. However, in both bands we find that variability amplitude may reach a maximum at ˜7-9 hr periods. Finally, we find a strong correlation between color anomaly and variability amplitude for both the J-band and mid-IR variability detections, where redder objects display higher variability amplitudes.

Herding Cats: Geocuration Practices Employed for Field Research Data Collection Activities and Visualization by Blueprint Earth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hoover, R.; Harrison, M.; Sonnenthal, N.; Hernandez, A.; Pelaez, J.

2015-12-01

Researchers investigating interdisciplinary topics must work to understand the barriers created by information siloes in order to productively collaborate on complex Earth science questions. These barriers create acute challenges when research is driven by observations rather than hypotheses, as communication between collaborators hinges on data synthesis techniques that often vary greatly between disciplines. Field data collection across disciplines creates even more challenges, and employing student researchers of varying abilities demands an approach that is structured, and yet still flexible enough to accommodate inherent differences in the subjective portions of student data collection. Blueprint Earth is performing system-level environmental observations in the broad areas of geology, biology, hydrology, and atmospheric science. Traditional field data collection methodologies are employed for ease of reproducibility, but must translate across disciplinary information siloes. Information collected must be readily useable in the formulation of hypotheses based on field observations, which necessitates an understanding of key metrics by all investigators involved in data analysis. Blueprint Earth demonstrates the ability to create clear data standards across several disciplines while incorporating a quality control process and this allows for conversion of data into functional visualizations. Additionally, geocuration is organized such that data will be ready for public dissemination upon completion of field research.

Regional changes in CNS and retinal glycerophospholipid profiles with age: a molecular blueprint[S

PubMed Central

Hopiavuori, Blake R.; Agbaga, Martin-Paul; Brush, Richard S.; Sullivan, Michael T.; Sonntag, William E.; Anderson, Robert E.

2017-01-01

We present here a quantitative molecular blueprint of the three major glycerophospholipid (GPL) classes, phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), in retina and six regions of the brain in C57Bl6 mice at 2, 10, and 26 months of age. We found an age-related increase in molecular species containing saturated and monoenoic FAs and an overall decrease in the longer-chain PUFA molecular species across brain regions, with loss of DHA-containing molecular species as the most consistent and dramatic finding. Although we found very-long-chain PUFAs (VLC-PUFAs) (⩾C28) in PC in the retina, no detectable levels were found in any brain region at any of the ages examined. All brain regions (except hippocampus and retina) showed a significant increase with age in PE plasmalogens. All three retina GPLs had di-PUFA molecular species (predominantly 44:12), which were most abundant in PS (∼30%). In contrast, low levels of di-PUFA GPL (1–2%) were found in all regions of the brain. This study provides a regional and age-related assessment of the brain’s lipidome with a level of detail, inclusion, and quantification that has not heretofore been published. PMID:28202633

Design of a self-calibration high precision micro-angle deformation optical monitoring scheme

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gu, Yingying; Wang, Li; Guo, Shaogang; Wu, Yun; Liu, Da

2018-03-01

In order to meet the requirement of high precision and micro-angle measurement on orbit, a self-calibrated optical non-contact real-time monitoring device is designed. Within three meters, the micro-angle variable of target relative to measuring basis can be measured in real-time. The range of angle measurement is +/-50'', the angle measurement accuracy is less than 2''. The equipment can realize high precision real-time monitoring the micro-angle deformation, which caused by high strength vibration and shock of rock launching, sun radiation and heat conduction on orbit and so on.

Experimental investigation of a 0.15 scale model of a conformal variable-ramp inlet for the F-16 airplane

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hawkins, J. E.

1980-01-01

A 0.15 scale model of a proposed conformal variable-ramp inlet for the Multirole Fighter was tested from Mach 0.8 to 2.2 at a wide range of angles of attack and sideslip. Inlet ramp angle was varied to optimize ramp angle as a function of engine airflow, Mach number, angle of attack, and angle of sideslip. Several inlet configuration options were investigated to study their effects on inlet operation and to establish the final flight configuration. These variations were cowl sidewall cutback, cowl lip bluntness, boundary layer bleed, and first-ramp leading edge shape. Diagnostic and engine face instrumentation were used to evaluate inlet operation at various inlet stations and at the inlet/engine interface. Pressure recovery and stability of the inlet were satisfactory for the proposed application. On the basis of an engine stability audit of the worst-case instantaneous distortion patterns, no inlet/engine compatibility problems are expected for normal operations.

Concerns about a variance approach to the X-ray diffractometric estimation of microfibril angle in wood

Treesearch

Steve P. Verrill; David E. Kretschmann; Victoria L. Herian; Michael Wiemann; Harry A. Alden

2010-01-01

In this paper we raise three technical concerns about Evans’s 1999 Appita Journal “variance approach” to estimating microfibril angle. The first concern is associated with the approximation of the variance of an X-ray intensity half-profile by a function of the microfibril angle and the natural variability of the microfibril angle, S2...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aleksić, J.; Antonelli, L. A.; Antoranz, P.

Recently the radio galaxy IC 310 was identified as a γ-ray emitter based on observations at GeV energies with Fermi-LAT and at very high energies (VHE, E > 100 GeV) with the MAGIC telescopes. Originally classified as a head-tail radio galaxy, the nature of this object is subject of controversy since its nucleus shows blazar-like behavior. In order to understand the nature of IC 310 and the origin of the VHE emission, we studied the spectral and flux variability of IC 310 from the X-ray band to the VHE γ-ray regime. The light curve of IC 310 above 300 GeVmore » has been measured with the MAGIC telescopes from 2009 October to 2010 February. Contemporaneous Fermi-LAT data (2008-2011) in the 10-500 GeV energy range were also analyzed. In the X-ray regime, archival observations from 2003 to 2007 with XMM-Newton, Chandra, and Swift-XRT in the 0.5-10 keV band were studied. The VHE light curve reveals several high-amplitude and short-duration flares. Day-to-day flux variability is clearly present (>5σ). The photon index between 120 GeV and 8 TeV remains at the value Γ ~ 2.0 during both low and high flux states. The VHE spectral shape does not show significant variability, whereas the flux at 1 TeV changes by a factor of ~7. Fermi-LAT detected only eight γ-ray events in the energy range 10 GeV–500 GeV in three years of observation. Moreover, the measured photon index of Γ = 1.3 ± 0.5 in the Fermi-LAT range is very hard. The X-ray measurements show strong variability in both flux and photon index. The latter varied from 1.76 ± 0.07 to 2.55 ± 0.07. The rapid variability measured in γ-rays and X-rays confirms the blazar-like behavior of IC 310. The multi-TeV γ-ray emission seems to originate from scales of less than 80 Schwarzschild radii (for a black hole mass of 2 × 10 8 M⊙) within the compact core of its FR I radio jet with orientation angle 10°-38°. The spectral energy distribution resembles that of an extreme blazar, albeit the luminosity is more than two orders of magnitude lower.« less

Professional psychology in health care services: a blueprint for education and training.

PubMed

2013-09-01

In 2010, an interorganizational effort among the American Psychological Association, the Council of Graduate Departments of Psychology, and the Council of Chairs of Training Councils, known as the Health Service Psychology Education Collaborative (HSPEC), was initiated to address mounting concerns related to education and training for the professional practice of psychology. Given that professional psychology includes diverse areas of practice and the mounting concerns about psychology's role in a reformed health care system, HSPEC chose to focus on preparation of psychologists for the delivery of health care services and made seven recommendations that constitute the core of a blueprint for the future. These recommendations require significant changes in graduate education-changes critical to the future of psychology as a health profession. As part of its work, HSPEC developed a statement of core competencies for the preparation of health service psychologists, integrating feedback solicited through public comment and review by the psychology community, including education and training councils and APA governance groups. The articulation of these competencies serves to inform not only the preparation of health service psychologists but students, employers, regulators, and policymakers as well. It also reflects the discipline's commitment to quality and accountability in the preparation of its workforce. HSPEC recognizes that its recommendations to strengthen the core preparation and identity of health service psychologists will result in some limitations on degrees of freedom at the program level but believes such limitation to be in the service of coherent and uniform standards for education and training. This blueprint supports the evolution and development of the profession within a scientific context. It supports standards as meaningful, versus minimum, indicators as part of the profession's obligation to the public. The blueprint also calls for the profession to develop a mechanism for systematic monitoring of progress, challenges, and opportunities to ensure that psychology as a health profession meets societal needs. ©2013 APA, all rights reserved.

Chemosensitivity and Endocrine Sensitivity in Clinical Luminal Breast Cancer Patients in the Prospective Neoadjuvant Breast Registry Symphony Trial (NBRST) Predicted by Molecular Subtyping.

PubMed

Whitworth, Pat; Beitsch, Peter; Mislowsky, Angela; Pellicane, James V; Nash, Charles; Murray, Mary; Lee, Laura A; Dul, Carrie L; Rotkis, Michael; Baron, Paul; Stork-Sloots, Lisette; de Snoo, Femke A; Beatty, Jennifer

2017-03-01

Hormone receptor-positive (HR+) tumors have heterogeneous biology and present a challenge for determining optimal treatment. In the Neoadjuvant Breast Registry Symphony Trial (NBRST) patients were classified according to MammaPrint/BluePrint subtyping to provide insight into the response to neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) or neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT). The purpose of this predefined substudy was to compare MammaPrint/BluePrint with conventional 'clinical' immunohistochemistry/fluorescence in situ hybridization (IHC/FISH) subtyping in 'clinical luminal' [HR+/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-)] breast cancer patients to predict treatment sensitivity. NBRST IHC/FISH HR+/HER2- breast cancer patients (n = 474) were classified into four molecular subgroups by MammaPrint/BluePrint subtyping: Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2, and Basal type. Pathological complete response (pCR) rates were compared with conventional IHC/FISH subtype. The overall pCR rate for 'clinical luminal' patients to NCT was 11 %; however, 87 of these 474 patients were reclassified as Basal type by BluePrint, with a high pCR rate of 32 %. The MammaPrint index was highly associated with the likelihood of pCR (p < 0.001). Fifty-three patients with BluePrint Luminal tumors received NET with an aromatase inhibitor and 36 (68 %) had a clinical response. With BluePrint subtyping, 18 % of clinical 'luminal' patients are classified in a different subgroup, compared with conventional assessment, and these patients have a significantly higher response rate to NCT compared with BluePrint Luminal patients. MammaPrint/BluePrint subtyping can help allocate effective treatment to appropriate patients. In addition, accurate identification of subtype biology is important in the interpretation of neoadjuvant treatment response since lack of pCR in luminal patients does not portend the worse prognosis associated with residual disease in Basal and HER2 subtypes.

The evidential value of distorted and rectified digital images in footwear imprint examination.

PubMed

Shor, Yaron; Chaikovsky, Alan; Tsach, Tsadok

2006-06-27

The procedure for forensic photography requires that the film plane be parallel to the taken image. Another procedure must be used when the print is located on reflecting surfaces such as vehicles, or faint marks on porous surfaces. Examination was made of the evidential value of footprint images received from the scene or taken deliberately at an angle out of proper perspective (i.e., the lens axis is not perpendicular to the target plane). An artificial target was prepared and photographed from several lens axis angles ranging from 10 degrees to 85 degrees to the perpendicular, and then rectified using the Adobe Photoshop Version 7.0. It was found that at angles less than 40 degrees , the shape and location of all the individual characteristics were similar enough in comparison to the original image. In images taken at higher angles, the original image could not be adequately restored. The full potential of this image, therefore, could not be achieved after rectification. The results of this study show that the images of a footprint taken at an angle less than 40 degrees , preserve the evidential value of the unique characteristics.

Reconstruction artifacts in VRX CT scanner images

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rendon, David A.; DiBianca, Frank A.; Keyes, Gary S.

2008-03-01

Variable Resolution X-ray (VRX) CT scanners allow imaging of different sized anatomy at the same level of detail using the same device. This is achieved by tilting the x-ray detectors so that the projected size of the detecting elements is varied to produce reconstructions of smaller fields of view with higher spatial resolution. As with regular CT scanners, the images obtained with VRX scanners are affected by different kinds of artifacts of various origins. This work studies some of these artifacts and the impact that the VRX effect has on them. For this, computational models of single-arm single-slice VRX scanners are used to produce images with artifacts commonly found in routine use. These images and artifacts are produced using our VRX CT scanner simulator, which allows us to isolate the system parameters that have a greater effect on the artifacts. A study of the behavior of the artifacts at varying VRX opening angles is presented for scanners implemented using two different detectors. The results show that, although varying the VRX angle will have an effect on the severity of each of the artifacts studied, for some of these artifacts the effect of other factors (such as the distribution of the detector cells and the position of the phantom in the reconstruction grid) is overwhelmingly more significant. This is shown to be the case for streak artifacts produced by thin metallic objects. For some artifacts related to beam hardening, their severity was found to decrease along with the VRX angle. These observations allow us to infer that in regular use the effect of the VRX angle artifacts similar to the ones studied here will not be noticeable as it will be overshadowed by parameters that cannot be easily controlled outside of a computational model.

Partial study of quadrotor based on quaternions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ji, Xiang

2018-05-01

In this paper, the attitude calculation of quadrotor is studied, and the attitude angle of quaternions and the method of using IIR low pass filter to filter the high frequency noise are proposed. First of all, this paper puts forward the characteristics of quadrotor more flexible than other aircraft. The flexible steering mode of quadrotor is classified into three categories. Starting from reality, this paper proposes an algorithm to transform the value of acceleration sensor to pose angle, which can greatly reduce the amount of computation and is the theoretical basis for real-time attitude calculation of aircraft. When introducing the number of quaternion, this article starts from the theoretical model and first introduces the conceptual meaning of the number of quaternion. In this model, the aircraft's own coordinate axis and the geographical axis are regarded as two rigid bodies, and they have three coordinate axes that are orthogonal to each other. When the steering operation is involved, the corresponding acceleration is generated. By using the quaternion multiplicative formula mentioned in this paper, the change of attitude angle can be obtained. n reality, in order to ensure the accuracy of the output attitude angle. More accurate input variables are often needed, and the IIR low pass filter is introduced in this way. In this paper, a nine order IIR filter is designed according to the actual situation, and its spectrum characteristics are obtained by simulation software. After mixing the original signal generated by propeller's high frequency noise, it outputs clean signals through filter, all of which are intuitively reflected by three spectrum images. After giving some practical solutions, this paper looks forward to the prospect of the aircraft.

Surf Zone Currents. Volume I. State of Knowledge.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-09-01

elevation above an arbitrary datum a angle between wave crest and bottom contour a angle between wave crest and the shoreline . ab angle between breaking...b- Note that neglecting wave setup, refraction and for small ab , equation (74) reduces to that employed by Longuet-Higgins (eq. 48). These researchers...28. As ab o (Note that ab = o means theory reduces to original order (zero order) solution given by Longuet-Higgins, 1970, the triangular solution is

Light refraction in sapphire plates with a variable angle of crystal optical axis to the surface

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vetrov, V. N., E-mail: vasvetrov@mail.ru; Ignatenkov, B. A.

2013-05-15

The modification of sapphire by inhomogeneous plastic deformation makes it possible to obtain plates with a variable angle of inclination of the crystal optical axis to the plate surface. The refraction of light in this plate at perpendicular and oblique incidence of a parallel beam of rays is considered. The algorithm of calculating the refractive index of extraordinary ray and the birefringence is proposed.

Variable laser attenuator

DOEpatents

Foltyn, Stephen R.

1988-01-01

The disclosure relates to low loss, high power variable attenuators comprng one or more transmissive and/or reflective multilayer dielectric filters. The attenuator is particularly suitable to use with unpolarized lasers such as excimer lasers. Beam attenuation is a function of beam polarization and the angle of incidence between the beam and the filter and is controlled by adjusting the angle of incidence the beam makes to the filter or filters. Filters are selected in accordance with beam wavelength.

Computer Programs for the AUSEX (Aircraft Undersea Sound Experiment) Air-Water Acoustic Propagation Model.

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-01-28

source-receiver geometry dynamics. For a given time instant, each of the subroutines outputs time variables ( emission time, arrival time...transmission loss, depression/elevation and azimuthal arrival angles, received frequency and range variables (range at emission time, range at arrival time...with the wind equal 24.5 kts. In the double bottom bounce regions, the emission angles (at the virtual surface source) are moderately small (15

Magnetic field induced dynamical chaos.

PubMed

Ray, Somrita; Baura, Alendu; Bag, Bidhan Chandra

2013-12-01

In this article, we have studied the dynamics of a particle having charge in the presence of a magnetic field. The motion of the particle is confined in the x-y plane under a two dimensional nonlinear potential. We have shown that constant magnetic field induced dynamical chaos is possible even for a force which is derived from a simple potential. For a given strength of the magnetic field, initial position, and velocity of the particle, the dynamics may be regular, but it may become chaotic when the field is time dependent. Chaotic dynamics is very often if the field is time dependent. Origin of chaos has been explored using the Hamiltonian function of the dynamics in terms of action and angle variables. Applicability of the present study has been discussed with a few examples.

The formation of low-angle eolian stratification through the migration of protodunes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ewing, R. C.; Phillips, J. D.; Weymer, B. A.; Barrineaux, P.; Bowling, R.; Nittrouer, J. A.

2017-12-01

Protodunes are low-relief, slipfaceless migrating bed forms that represent the emergent form of eolian sand dunes. Protodunes develop as cm-scale topography out of a flat bed of sand and evolve spatially and temporally into dunes with angle-of-repose slipfaces. Protodunes at White Sands Dune Field in New Mexico form at the upwind, trailing margin of the field, on dune stoss slopes, and in interdune areas. Here we analyze protodunes at the upwind margin of White Sands by coupling 200 mHz ground penetrating radar (GPR) with time-series high-resolution topography to characterize the origin and evolution of protodune stratification and the stratigraphic transition into fully developed dunes. We surveyed a 780m transect in the resultant transport direction of the dune field from SW to NE from sand patches through protodunes and into the first dune. We used airborne lidar surveys and structure-from-motion photogrammetry from 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2015, and 2016. We find that protodune stratification forms at angles between 0-10 degrees by protodune migration. Dip angles increase as protodune amplitude increases along the transect. Accumulation of low-angle stratification increases across the first 650m and ranges from none to subcritical. Nearly aggradational accumulation of low-angle stratification occurs over the last 100m and is a precursor to angle-of-repose slipface formation. The origins of the aggradation and slipface development appear to be linked to protodune merging, dune interactions, and possibly to the development of a dune field-scale boundary layer. Protodunes and the formation of low-angle stratification at the upwind margin of White Sands are a good analog to the initiation of dune field development from sand sheets and the formation of low-angle stratification found at the base of eolian successions in the stratigraphic record.

Analysis of Lower Body Kinematic and Kinetic: Differences Between Age and Handicap in Golfers of Various Ages and Skill Levels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smilensky, Alexander

The purpose of this thesis was to provide a preliminary analysis of lower body golf swing biomechanics. Fourteen golfers of various ages and handicaps performed 10 swings off a tee with their driver. This study focused on a number of dependent variables including lead knee joint flexion angles, internal/external rotations, valgus/varus angles, as well as ground reaction forces normalized to body weight (%BW), X-Factor angle and club head velocity. Dependent variables were analyzed at four specifically defined events (start, initiation of downswing, contact and swing termination). Simple linear regressions were performed using age and handicap as independent variables to see if patterns could be determined at any of the events. No significant trends or results were reported within our sample. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was then used to examine the effect of event on specific dependent variables. A number of differences were reported within each of the variables across the four events. This study hoped to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the movement patterns occurring at the lower body with special focus on the lead knee.

Multiple Emission Angle Surface-Atmosphere Separations of MGS Thermal Emission Spectrometer Data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bandfield, J. L.; Smith, M. D.

2001-01-01

Multiple emission angle observations taken by MGS-TES have been used to derive atmospheric opacities and surface temperatures and emissivities with increased accuracy and wavelength coverage. Martian high albedo region surface spectra have now been isolated. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.

A novel technique for VMAT QA with EPID in cine mode on a Varian TrueBeam linac

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Bo; Adamson, Justus; Rodrigues, Anna; Zhou, Fugen; Yin, Fang-fang; Wu, Qiuwen

2013-10-01

Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) is a relatively new treatment modality for dynamic photon radiation therapy. Pre-treatment quality assurance (QA) is necessary and many efforts have been made to apply electronic portal imaging device (EPID)-based IMRT QA methods to VMAT. It is important to verify the gantry rotation speed during delivery as this is a new variable that is also modulated in VMAT. In this paper, we present a new technique to perform VMAT QA using an EPID. The method utilizes EPID cine mode and was tested on Varian TrueBeam in research mode. The cine images were acquired during delivery and converted to dose matrices after profile correction and dose calibration. A sub-arc corresponding to each cine image was extracted from the original plan and its portal image prediction was calculated. Several analyses were performed including 3D γ analysis (2D images + gantry angle axis), 2D γ analysis, and other statistical analyses. The method was applied to 21 VMAT photon plans of 3 photon energies. The accuracy of the cine image information was investigated. Furthermore, this method's sensitivity to machine delivery errors was studied. The pass rate (92.8 ± 1.4%) for 3D γ analysis was comparable to those from Delta4 system (99.9 ± 0.1%) under similar criteria (3%, 3 mm, 5% threshold and 2° angle to agreement) at 6 MV. The recorded gantry angle and start/stop MUs were found to have sufficient accuracy for clinical QA. Machine delivery errors can be detected through combined analyses of 3D γ, gantry angle, and percentage dose difference. In summary, we have developed and validated a QA technique that can simultaneously verify the gantry angle and delivered MLC fluence for VMAT treatment.This technique is efficient and its accuracy is comparable to other QA methods.

Variability between Clarke's angle and Chippaux-Smirak index for the diagnosis of flat feet

PubMed Central

Gonzalez-Martin, Cristina; Seoane-Pillado, Teresa; Lopez-Calviño, Beatriz; Pertega-Diaz, Sonia; Gil-Guillen, Vicente

2017-01-01

Abstract Background: The measurements used in diagnosing biomechanical pathologies vary greatly. The aim of this study was to determine the concordance between Clarke's angle and Chippaux-Smirak index, and to determine the validity of Clarke's angle using the Chippaux-Smirak index as a reference. Methods: Observational study in a random population sample (n= 1,002) in A Coruña (Spain). After informed patient consent and ethical review approval, a study was conducted of anthropometric variables, Charlson comorbidity score, and podiatric examination (Clarke's angle and Chippaux-Smirak index). Descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed. Results: The prevalence of flat feet, using a podoscope, was 19.0% for the left foot and 18.9% for the right foot, increasing with age. The prevalence of flat feet according to the Chippaux-Smirak index or Clarke's angle increases significantly, reaching 62.0% and 29.7% respectively. The concordance (kappa I) between the indices according to age groups varied between 0.25-0.33 (left foot) and 0.21-0.30 (right foot). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between the Chippaux-Smirak index and Clarke's angle was -0.445 (left foot) and -0.424 (right foot). After adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), comorbidity score and gender, the only variable with an independent effect to predict discordance was the BMI (OR= 0.969; 95% CI: 0.940-0.998). Conclusion: There is little concordance between the indices studied for the purpose of diagnosing foot arch pathologies. In turn, Clarke's angle has a limited sensitivity in diagnosing flat feet, using the Chippaux-Smirak index as a reference. This discordance decreases with higher BMI values. PMID:28559643

Variability between Clarke's angle and Chippaux-Smirak index for the diagnosis of flat feet.

PubMed

Gonzalez-Martin, Cristina; Pita-Fernandez, Salvador; Seoane-Pillado, Teresa; Lopez-Calviño, Beatriz; Pertega-Diaz, Sonia; Gil-Guillen, Vicente

2017-03-30

The measurements used in diagnosing biomechanical pathologies vary greatly. The aim of this study was to determine the concordance between Clarke's angle and Chippaux-Smirak index, and to determine the validity of Clarke's angle using the Chippaux-Smirak index as a reference. Observational study in a random population sample (n= 1,002) in A Coruña (Spain). After informed patient consent and ethical review approval, a study was conducted of anthropometric variables, Charlson comorbidity score, and podiatric examination (Clarke's angle and Chippaux-Smirak index). Descriptive analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed. The prevalence of flat feet, using a podoscope, was 19.0% for the left foot and 18.9% for the right foot, increasing with age. The prevalence of flat feet according to the Chippaux-Smirak index or Clarke's angle increases significantly, reaching 62.0% and 29.7% respectively. The concordance (kappa I) between the indices according to age groups varied between 0.25-0.33 (left foot) and 0.21-0.30 (right foot). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between the Chippaux-Smirak index and Clarke's angle was -0.445 (left foot) and -0.424 (right foot). After adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), comorbidity score and gender, the only variable with an independent effect to predict discordance was the BMI (OR= 0.969; 95% CI: 0.940-0.998). There is little concordance between the indices studied for the purpose of diagnosing foot arch pathologies. In turn, Clarke's angle has a limited sensitivity in diagnosing flat feet, using the Chippaux-Smirak index as a reference. This discordance decreases with higher BMI values.

Dependence of Internal Friction on Folding Mechanism

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

An outstanding challenge in protein folding is understanding the origin of “internal friction” in folding dynamics, experimentally identified from the dependence of folding rates on solvent viscosity. A possible origin suggested by simulation is the crossing of local torsion barriers. However, it was unclear why internal friction varied from protein to protein or for different folding barriers of the same protein. Using all-atom simulations with variable solvent viscosity, in conjunction with transition-path sampling to obtain reaction rates and analysis via Markov state models, we are able to determine the internal friction in the folding of several peptides and miniproteins. In agreement with experiment, we find that the folding events with greatest internal friction are those that mainly involve helix formation, while hairpin formation exhibits little or no evidence of friction. Via a careful analysis of folding transition paths, we show that internal friction arises when torsion angle changes are an important part of the folding mechanism near the folding free energy barrier. These results suggest an explanation for the variation of internal friction effects from protein to protein and across the energy landscape of the same protein. PMID:25721133

Dependence of internal friction on folding mechanism.

PubMed

Zheng, Wenwei; De Sancho, David; Hoppe, Travis; Best, Robert B

2015-03-11

An outstanding challenge in protein folding is understanding the origin of "internal friction" in folding dynamics, experimentally identified from the dependence of folding rates on solvent viscosity. A possible origin suggested by simulation is the crossing of local torsion barriers. However, it was unclear why internal friction varied from protein to protein or for different folding barriers of the same protein. Using all-atom simulations with variable solvent viscosity, in conjunction with transition-path sampling to obtain reaction rates and analysis via Markov state models, we are able to determine the internal friction in the folding of several peptides and miniproteins. In agreement with experiment, we find that the folding events with greatest internal friction are those that mainly involve helix formation, while hairpin formation exhibits little or no evidence of friction. Via a careful analysis of folding transition paths, we show that internal friction arises when torsion angle changes are an important part of the folding mechanism near the folding free energy barrier. These results suggest an explanation for the variation of internal friction effects from protein to protein and across the energy landscape of the same protein.

Computer programs for calculation of sting pitch and roll angles required to obtain angles of attack and sideslip on wind tunnel models

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Peterson, John B., Jr.

1988-01-01

Two programs have been developed to calculate the pitch and roll angles of a wind-tunnel sting drive system that will position a model at the desired angle of attack and and angle of sideslip in the wind tunnel. These programs account for the effects of sting offset angles, sting bending angles and wind-tunnel stream flow angles. In addition, the second program incorporates inputs from on-board accelerometers that measure model pitch and roll with respect to gravity. The programs are presented in the report and a description of the numerical operation of the programs with a definition of the variables used in the programs is given.

The influence of muscle pennation angle and cross-sectional area on contact forces in the ankle joint

PubMed Central

Sopher, Ran S; Amis, Andrew A; Davies, D Ceri; Jeffers, Jonathan RT

2016-01-01

Data about a muscle’s fibre pennation angle and physiological cross-sectional area are used in musculoskeletal modelling to estimate muscle forces, which are used to calculate joint contact forces. For the leg, muscle architecture data are derived from studies that measured pennation angle at the muscle surface, but not deep within it. Musculoskeletal models developed to estimate joint contact loads have usually been based on the mean values of pennation angle and physiological cross-sectional area. Therefore, the first aim of this study was to investigate differences between superficial and deep pennation angles within each muscle acting over the ankle and predict how differences may influence muscle forces calculated in musculoskeletal modelling. The second aim was to investigate how inter-subject variability in physiological cross-sectional area and pennation angle affects calculated ankle contact forces. Eight cadaveric legs were dissected to excise the muscles acting over the ankle. The mean surface and deep pennation angles, fibre length and physiological cross-sectional area were measured. Cluster analysis was applied to group the muscles according to their architectural characteristics. A previously validated OpenSim model was used to estimate ankle muscle forces and contact loads using architecture data from all eight limbs. The mean surface pennation angle for soleus was significantly greater (54%) than the mean deep pennation angle. Cluster analysis revealed three groups of muscles with similar architecture and function: deep plantarflexors and peroneals, superficial plantarflexors and dorsiflexors. Peak ankle contact force was predicted to occur before toe-off, with magnitude greater than five times bodyweight. Inter-specimen variability in contact force was smallest at peak force. These findings will help improve the development of experimental and computational musculoskeletal models by providing data to estimate force based on both surface and deep pennation angles. Inter-subject variability in muscle architecture affected ankle muscle and contact loads only slightly. The link between muscle architecture and function contributes to the understanding of the relationship between muscle structure and function. PMID:29805194

Kinematic Origins of Motor Inconsistency in Expert Pianists.

PubMed

Tominaga, Kenta; Lee, André; Altenmüller, Eckart; Miyazaki, Fumio; Furuya, Shinichi

2016-01-01

For top performers, including athletes and musicians, even subtle inconsistencies in rhythm and force during movement production decrease the quality of performance. However, extensive training over many years beginning in childhood is unable to perfect dexterous motor performance so that it is without any error. To gain insight into the biological mechanisms underlying the subtle defects of motor actions, the present study sought to identify the kinematic origins of inconsistency of dexterous finger movements in musical performance. Seven highly-skilled pianists who have won prizes at international piano competitions played a short sequence of tones with the right hand at a predetermined tempo. Time-varying joint angles of the fingers were recorded using a custom-made data glove, and the timing and velocity of the individual keystrokes were recorded from a digital piano. Both ridge and stepwise multiple regression analyses demonstrated an association of the inter-trial variability of the inter-keystroke interval (i.e., rhythmic inconsistency) with both the rotational velocity of joints of the finger used for a keystroke (i.e., striking finger) and the movement independence between the striking and non-striking fingers. This indicates a relationship between rhythmic inconsistency in musical performance and the dynamic features of movements in not only the striking finger but also the non-striking fingers. In contrast, the inter-trial variability of the key-descending velocity (i.e., loudness inconsistency) was associated mostly with the kinematic features of the striking finger at the moment of the keystroke. Furthermore, there was no correlation between the rhythmic and loudness inconsistencies. The results suggest distinct kinematic origins of inconsistencies in rhythm and loudness in expert musical performance.

Development of far- and deep-ultraviolet surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor using aluminum thin film

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tanabe, Ichiro; Tanaka, Yoshito Y.; Ryoki, Takayuki; Watari, Koji; Goto, Takeyoshi; Kikawada, Masakazu; Inami, Wataru; Kawata, Yoshimasa; Ozaki, Yukihiro

2016-09-01

We investigated the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of aluminum (Al) thin films with varying refractive index of the environment near the films in the far‒ultraviolet (FUV, <= 200 nm) and deep‒ultraviolet (DUV, <= 300 nm) regions. By using our original FUV‒DUV spectrometer which adopts an attenuated total reflectance (ATR) system, the measurable wavelength range was down to the 180 nm, and the environment near the Al surface could be controlled. In addition, this spectrometer was equipped with a variable incident angle apparatus, which enabled us to measure the FUV‒DUV reflectance spectra (170-450 nm) with various incident angles ranging from 45° to 85°. Based on the obtained spectra, the dispersion relation of Al‒SPR in the FUV and DUV regions was obtained. In the presence of various liquids (HFIP, water, alcohols etc.) on the Al film, the angle and wavelength of the SPR became larger and longer, respectively, compared with those in the air (i.e., with no materials on the film). These shifts correspond well with the results of simulations performed according to the Fresnel equations, and can be used in the application of SPR sensors. FUV‒DUV‒SPR sensors (in particular, FUV‒SPR sensors) with tunable incident light wavelength have three experimental advantages compared with conventional visible‒SPR sensors, as discussed based on the Fresnel equations, i.e., higher sensitivity, more narrowly limited surface measurement, and better material selectivity.

Blueprint for antimicrobial hit discovery targeting metabolic networks.

PubMed

Shen, Y; Liu, J; Estiu, G; Isin, B; Ahn, Y-Y; Lee, D-S; Barabási, A-L; Kapatral, V; Wiest, O; Oltvai, Z N

2010-01-19

Advances in genome analysis, network biology, and computational chemistry have the potential to revolutionize drug discovery by combining system-level identification of drug targets with the atomistic modeling of small molecules capable of modulating their activity. To demonstrate the effectiveness of such a discovery pipeline, we deduced common antibiotic targets in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by identifying shared tissue-specific or uniformly essential metabolic reactions in their metabolic networks. We then predicted through virtual screening dozens of potential inhibitors for several enzymes of these reactions and showed experimentally that a subset of these inhibited both enzyme activities in vitro and bacterial cell viability. This blueprint is applicable for any sequenced organism with high-quality metabolic reconstruction and suggests a general strategy for strain-specific antiinfective therapy.

Experimental Study of an Axisymmetric Dual Throat Fluidic Thrust Vectoring Nozzle for Supersonic Aircraft Application

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Flamm, Jeffrey D.; Deere, Karen A.; Mason, Mary L.; Berrier, Bobby L.; Johnson, Stuart K.

2007-01-01

An axisymmetric version of the Dual Throat Nozzle concept with a variable expansion ratio has been studied to determine the impacts on thrust vectoring and nozzle performance. The nozzle design, applicable to a supersonic aircraft, was guided using the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics code, PAB3D. The axisymmetric Dual Throat Nozzle concept was tested statically in the Jet Exit Test Facility at the NASA Langley Research Center. The nozzle geometric design variables included circumferential span of injection, cavity length, cavity convergence angle, and nozzle expansion ratio for conditions corresponding to take-off and landing, mid climb and cruise. Internal nozzle performance and thrust vectoring performance was determined for nozzle pressure ratios up to 10 with secondary injection rates up to 10 percent of the primary flow rate. The 60 degree span of injection generally performed better than the 90 degree span of injection using an equivalent injection area and number of holes, in agreement with computational results. For injection rates less than 7 percent, thrust vector angle for the 60 degree span of injection was 1.5 to 2 degrees higher than the 90 degree span of injection. Decreasing cavity length improved thrust ratio and discharge coefficient, but decreased thrust vector angle and thrust vectoring efficiency. Increasing cavity convergence angle from 20 to 30 degrees increased thrust vector angle by 1 degree over the range of injection rates tested, but adversely affected system thrust ratio and discharge coefficient. The dual throat nozzle concept generated the best thrust vectoring performance with an expansion ratio of 1.0 (a cavity in between two equal minimum areas). The variable expansion ratio geometry did not provide the expected improvements in discharge coefficient and system thrust ratio throughout the flight envelope of typical a supersonic aircraft. At mid-climb and cruise conditions, the variable geometry design compromised thrust vector angle achieved, but some thrust vector control would be available, potentially for aircraft trim. The fixed area, expansion ratio of 1.0, Dual Throat Nozzle provided the best overall compromise for thrust vectoring and nozzle internal performance over the range of NPR tested compared to the variable geometry Dual Throat Nozzle.

Real time selective harmonic minimization for multilevel inverters using genetic algorithm and artifical neural network angle generation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Filho, Faete J; Tolbert, Leon M; Ozpineci, Burak

2012-01-01

The work developed here proposes a methodology for calculating switching angles for varying DC sources in a multilevel cascaded H-bridges converter. In this approach the required fundamental is achieved, the lower harmonics are minimized, and the system can be implemented in real time with low memory requirements. Genetic algorithm (GA) is the stochastic search method to find the solution for the set of equations where the input voltages are the known variables and the switching angles are the unknown variables. With the dataset generated by GA, an artificial neural network (ANN) is trained to store the solutions without excessive memorymore » storage requirements. This trained ANN then senses the voltage of each cell and produces the switching angles in order to regulate the fundamental at 120 V and eliminate or minimize the low order harmonics while operating in real time.« less

Variable laser attenuator

DOEpatents

Foltyn, S.R.

1987-05-29

The disclosure relates to low loss, high power variable attenuators comprising one or more transmissive and/or reflective multilayer dielectric filters. The attenuator is particularly suitable to use with unpolarized lasers such as excimer lasers. Beam attenuation is a function of beam polarization and the angle of incidence between the beam and the filter and is controlled by adjusting the angle of incidence the beam makes to the filter or filters. Filters are selected in accordance with beam wavelength. 9 figs.

Contact Hamiltonian systems and complete integrability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Visinescu, Mihai

2017-12-01

We summarize recent results on the integrability of Hamiltonian systems on contact manifolds. We explain how to extend the classical formulation of action-angle variables to contact integrable systems. Using the Jacobi brackets defined on contact manifolds, we discuss the commutativity of first integrals for contact Hamiltonian systems and present the construction of generalized contact action-angle variables. We illustrate the integrability in the contact geometry on the five-dimensional Sasaki-Einstein spaces T1,1 and Yp,q.

Evaluation of the nasolabial angle in the Indian population

PubMed Central

Dua, Vinay; Gupta, Shilpa; Singh, Chanjyot

2010-01-01

Nasolabial angle has become the angle depicting the esthetics so has attained the prime importance in the treatment planning. Dr Jay P. Fitzgerland and Dr. Ram S. Nanda. In 1992 gave norms for Caucasian population. A radiographic cephalometric study was undertaken with 45 subjects of Indian origin to evaluate and compare with their result. The method of evaluation was according to the criteria given by Dr. Jay P Fitzergerald in AJODO 1992; 102:328-34. Significant decrease in nasolabial angle values was found in case of Indian population as compared to white adults. PMID:22114388

Imaging and Variability Studies of CTA 102 during the 2016 January γ-ray Flare

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Xiaofeng; Mohan, P.; An, T.; Hong, Xiaoyu; Cheng, Xiaopeng; Yang, Jun; Zhang, Yingkang; Zhang, Zhongli; Zhao, Wei

2018-02-01

The γ-ray-bright blazar CTA 102 is studied using imaging (new 15 GHz and archival 43 GHz Very Long Baseline Array, VLBA data) and time variable optical flux density, polarization degree, and electric vector position angle (EVPA) spanning between 2015 June 1 and 2016 October 1, covering a prominent γ-ray flare during 2016 January. The pc-scale jet indicates expansion with oscillatory features up to 17 mas. Component proper motions are in the range 0.04–0.33 mas yr‑1 with acceleration up to 1.2 mas followed by a slowing down beyond 1.5 mas. A jet bulk Lorentz factor ≥17.5, position angle of 128.°3, inclination angle ≤6.°6 and intrinsic half opening angle ≤1.°8 are derived from the VLBA data. These inferences are employed in a helical jet model to infer long-term variability in flux density, polarization degree, EVPA, and a rotation of the Stokes Q and U parameters. A core distance of r core,43 GHz = 22.9 pc, and a magnetic field strength at 1 pc and the core location of 1.57 G and 0.07 G, respectively, are inferred using the core-shift method. The study is useful in the context of estimating jet parameters and in offering clues to distinguish mechanisms responsible for variability over different timescales.

Shoulder pain and time dependent structure in wheelchair propulsion variability

PubMed Central

Jayaraman, Chandrasekaran; Moon, Yaejin; Sosnoff, Jacob J.

2016-01-01

Manual wheelchair propulsion places considerable repetitive mechanical strain on the upper limbs leading to shoulder injury and pain. While recent research indicates that the amount of variability in wheelchair propulsion and shoulder pain may be related. There has been minimal inquiry into the fluctuation over time (i.e. time-dependent structure) in wheelchair propulsion variability. Consequently the purpose of this investigation was to examine if the time-dependent structure in the wheelchair propulsion parameters are related to shoulder pain. 27 experienced wheelchair users manually propelled their own wheelchair fitted with a SMARTWheel on a roller at 1.1 m/s for 3 minutes. Time-dependent structure of cycle-to-cycle fluctuations in contact angle and inter push time interval was quantified using sample entropy (SampEn) and compared between the groups with/without shoulder pain using non-parametric statistics. Overall findings were, (1) variability observed in contact angle fluctuations during manual wheelchair propulsion is structured (Z=3.15;p<0.05), (2) individuals with shoulder pain exhibited higher SampEn magnitude for contact angle during wheelchair propulsion than those without pain (χ2(1)=6.12;p<0.05); and (3) SampEn of contact angle correlated significantly with self-reported shoulder pain (rs (WUSPI) =0.41;rs (VAS)=0.56;p<0.05). It was concluded that the time-dependent structure in wheelchair propulsion may provide novel information for tracking and monitoring shoulder pain. PMID:27134151

Commande de vol non lineaire d'un drone a voilure fixe par la methode du backstepping

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Finoki, Edouard

This thesis describes the design of a non-linear controller for a UAV using the backstepping method. It is a fixed-wing UAV, the NexSTAR ARF from HobbicoRTM. The aim is to find the expressions of the aileron, the elevator, and the rudder deflection in order to command the flight path angle, the heading angle and the sideslip angle. Controlling the flight path angle allows a steady, climb or descent flight, controlling the heading cap allows to choose the heading and annul the sideslip angle allows an efficient flight. A good technical control has to ensure the stability of the system and provide optimal performances. Backstepping interlaces the choice of a Lyapunov function with the design of feedback control. This control technique works with the true non-linear model without any approximation. The procedure is to transform intermediate state variables into virtual inputs which will control other state variables. Advantages of this technique are its recursivity, its minimum control effort and its cascaded structure that allows dividing a high order system into several simpler lower order systems. To design this non-linear controller, a non-linear model of the UAV was used. Equations of motion are very accurate, aerodynamic coefficients result from interpolations between several essential variables in flight. The controller has been implemented in Matlab/Simulink and FlightGear.

Blueprint for a minimal photoautotrophic cell: conserved and variable genes in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background Simpler biological systems should be easier to understand and to engineer towards pre-defined goals. One way to achieve biological simplicity is through genome minimization. Here we looked for genomic islands in the fresh water cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 (genome size 2.7 Mb) that could be used as targets for deletion. We also looked for conserved genes that might be essential for cell survival. Results By using a combination of methods we identified 170 xenologs, 136 ORFans and 1401 core genes in the genome of S. elongatus PCC 7942. These represent 6.5%, 5.2% and 53.6% of the annotated genes respectively. We considered that genes in genomic islands could be found if they showed a combination of: a) unusual G+C content; b) unusual phylogenetic similarity; and/or c) a small number of the highly iterated palindrome 1 (HIP1) motif plus an unusual codon usage. The origin of the largest genomic island by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) could be corroborated by lack of coverage among metagenomic sequences from a fresh water microbialite. Evidence is also presented that xenologous genes tend to cluster in operons. Interestingly, most genes coding for proteins with a diguanylate cyclase domain are predicted to be xenologs, suggesting a role for horizontal gene transfer in the evolution of Synechococcus sensory systems. Conclusions Our estimates of genomic islands in PCC 7942 are larger than those predicted by other published methods like SIGI-HMM. Our results set a guide to non-essential genes in S. elongatus PCC 7942 indicating a path towards the engineering of a model photoautotrophic bacterial cell. PMID:21226929

Surface properties and surficial deposits on Venus: New results from Magellan radar altimeter data analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bondarenko, Nataliya V.; Kreslavsky, Mikhail A.

2018-07-01

Microwave remote sensing data acquired with Magellan Venus orbiter are the main source of information about the surface of the planet. We analyze variability of the backscattering function (dependence of radar cross-section on incidence angle) for steep incidence angles 0.25°-4.75° in the 75°N-55°S latitude zone with data from the Magellan radar altimeter at 12.6 cm wavelength. We show that all variability of the backscattering function can be described by three parameters, describing (1) surface reflectivity, (2) relative proportion of horizontal facets, and (3) general roughness. Analysis of maps of these parameters revealed that surficial deposits, for example, microdune fields, are abundant on Venus even in places, where they are not readily seen in the synthetic aperture radar images. Properties of surficial deposits rather than original volcanic flow roughness define the shape of the backscattering function on the majority of regional plains. A large radar-dark flow in Bereghinia Planitia has anomalously high proportion of horizontal facets, which is consistent with it being formed by a relatively recent plain-forming volcanic episode. Some crater-associated radar-dark diffuse features and splotches are also characterized by increased proportion of horizontal faces, which indicate the presence of mantles deposited from fluidized granular material. The backscattering functions of the anomalous radar-bright material of mountaintops are more consistent with the strong internal scattering hypothesis rather than the exotic surficial material hypothesis. Obtained maps can be useful for planning future lander missions to sites with access to surface material with known provenance.

Low-speed aerodynamic test of an axisymmetric supersonic inlet with variable cowl slot

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Powell, A. G.; Welge, H. R.; Trefny, C. J.

1985-01-01

The experimental low-speed aerodynamic characteristics of an axisymmetric mixed-compression supersonic inlet with variable cowl slot are described. The model consisted of the NASA P-inlet centerbody and redesigned cowl with variable cowl slot powered by the JT8D single-stage fan simulator and driven by an air turbine. The model was tested in the NASA Lewis Research Center 9- by 15-foot low-speed tunnel at Mach numbers of 0, 0.1, and 0.2 over a range of flows, cowl slot openings, centerbody positions, and angles of attack. The variable cowl slot was effective in minimizing lip separation at high velocity ratios, showed good steady-state and dynamic distortion characteristics, and had good angle-of-attack tolerance.

Rapid and multiband variability of the TeV bright active nucleus of the galaxy IC 310

DOE PAGES

Aleksić, J.; Antonelli, L. A.; Antoranz, P.; ...

2014-03-14

Recently the radio galaxy IC 310 was identified as a γ-ray emitter based on observations at GeV energies with Fermi-LAT and at very high energies (VHE, E > 100 GeV) with the MAGIC telescopes. Originally classified as a head-tail radio galaxy, the nature of this object is subject of controversy since its nucleus shows blazar-like behavior. In order to understand the nature of IC 310 and the origin of the VHE emission, we studied the spectral and flux variability of IC 310 from the X-ray band to the VHE γ-ray regime. The light curve of IC 310 above 300 GeVmore » has been measured with the MAGIC telescopes from 2009 October to 2010 February. Contemporaneous Fermi-LAT data (2008-2011) in the 10-500 GeV energy range were also analyzed. In the X-ray regime, archival observations from 2003 to 2007 with XMM-Newton, Chandra, and Swift-XRT in the 0.5-10 keV band were studied. The VHE light curve reveals several high-amplitude and short-duration flares. Day-to-day flux variability is clearly present (>5σ). The photon index between 120 GeV and 8 TeV remains at the value Γ ~ 2.0 during both low and high flux states. The VHE spectral shape does not show significant variability, whereas the flux at 1 TeV changes by a factor of ~7. Fermi-LAT detected only eight γ-ray events in the energy range 10 GeV–500 GeV in three years of observation. Moreover, the measured photon index of Γ = 1.3 ± 0.5 in the Fermi-LAT range is very hard. The X-ray measurements show strong variability in both flux and photon index. The latter varied from 1.76 ± 0.07 to 2.55 ± 0.07. The rapid variability measured in γ-rays and X-rays confirms the blazar-like behavior of IC 310. The multi-TeV γ-ray emission seems to originate from scales of less than 80 Schwarzschild radii (for a black hole mass of 2 × 10 8 M⊙) within the compact core of its FR I radio jet with orientation angle 10°-38°. The spectral energy distribution resembles that of an extreme blazar, albeit the luminosity is more than two orders of magnitude lower.« less

Bioelectrical impedance phase angle relates to function, disease severity and prognosis in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

PubMed

Maddocks, Matthew; Kon, Samantha S C; Jones, Sarah E; Canavan, Jane L; Nolan, Claire M; Higginson, Irene J; Gao, Wei; Polkey, Michael I; Man, William D-C

2015-12-01

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) provides a simple method to assess changes in body composition. Raw BIA variables such as phase angle provide direct information on cellular mass and integrity, without the assumptions inherent in estimating body compartments, e.g. fat-free mass (FFM). Phase angle is a strong functional and prognostic marker in many disease states, but data in COPD are lacking. Our aims were to describe the measurement of phase angle in patients with stable COPD and determine the construct and discriminate validity of phase angle by assessing its relationship with established markers of function, disease severity and prognosis. 502 outpatients with stable COPD were studied. Phase angle and FFM by BIA, quadriceps strength (QMVC), 4-m gait speed (4MGS), 5 sit-to-stand time (5STS), incremental shuttle walk (ISW), and composite prognostic indices (ADO, iBODE) were measured. Patients were stratified into normal and low phase angle and FFM index. Phase angle correlated positively with FFM and functional outcomes (r = 0.35-0.66, p < 0.001) and negatively with prognostic indices (r = -0.35 to -0.48, p < 0.001). In regression models, phase angle was independently associated with ISW, ADO and iBODE whereas FFM was removed. One hundred and seventy patients (33.9% [95% CI, 29.9-38.1]) had a low phase angle. Phenotypic characteristics included lower QMVC, ISW, and 4MGS, higher 5STS, ADO and iBODE scores, and more exacerbations and hospital days in past year. The proportion of patients to have died was significantly higher in patients with low phase angle compared to those with normal phase angle (8.2% versus 3.6%, p = 0.02). Phase angle relates to markers of function, disease severity and prognosis in patients with COPD. As a directly measured variable, phase angle offers more useful information than fat-free mass indices. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.

16. Photocopy of photograph (original print located in LBNL Photo ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

16. Photocopy of photograph (original print located in LBNL Photo Lab Collection). Photographer unknown. December 29, 1953. BEV-654. INJECTOR, INJECTOR TANK-WIDE ANGLE; MARIO CAROTTA. - University of California Radiation Laboratory, Bevatron, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, Alameda County, CA

Monte Carlo-based assessment of the trade-off between spatial resolution, field-of-view and scattered radiation in the variable resolution X-ray CT scanner.

PubMed

Arabi, Hossein; Kamali Asl, Ali Reza; Ay, Mohammad Reza; Zaidi, Habib

2015-07-01

The purpose of this work is to evaluate the impact of optimization of magnification on performance parameters of the variable resolution X-ray (VRX) CT scanner. A realistic model based on an actual VRX CT scanner was implemented in the GATE Monte Carlo simulation platform. To evaluate the influence of system magnification, spatial resolution, field-of-view (FOV) and scatter-to-primary ratio of the scanner were estimated for both fixed and optimum object magnification at each detector rotation angle. Comparison and inference between these performance parameters were performed angle by angle to determine appropriate object position at each opening half angle. Optimization of magnification resulted in a trade-off between spatial resolution and FOV of the scanner at opening half angles of 90°-12°, where the spatial resolution increased up to 50% and the scatter-to-primary ratio decreased from 4.8% to 3.8% at a detector angle of about 90° for the same FOV and X-ray energy spectrum. The disadvantage of magnification optimization at these angles is the significant reduction of the FOV (up to 50%). Moreover, magnification optimization was definitely beneficial for opening half angles below 12° improving the spatial resolution from 7.5 cy/mm to 20 cy/mm. Meanwhile, the FOV increased by more than 50% at these angles. It can be concluded that optimization of magnification is essential for opening half angles below 12°. For opening half angles between 90° and 12°, the VRX CT scanner magnification should be set according to the desired spatial resolution and FOV. Copyright © 2015 Associazione Italiana di Fisica Medica. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Identification and Modelling of the In-Plane Reinforcement Orientation Variations in a CFRP Laminate Produced by Manual Lay-Up

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Davila, Yves; Crouzeix, Laurent; Douchin, Bernard; Collombet, Francis; Grunevald, Yves-Henri

2017-08-01

Reinforcement angle orientation has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of composite materials. This work presents a methodology to introduce variable reinforcement angles into finite element (FE) models of composite structures. The study of reinforcement orientation variations uses meta-models to identify and control a continuous variation across the composite ply. First, the reinforcement angle is measured through image analysis techniques of the composite plies during the lay-up phase. Image analysis results show that variations in the mean ply orientations are between -0.5 and 0.5° with standard deviations ranging between 0.34 and 0.41°. An automatic post-treatment of the images determines the global and local angle variations yielding good agreements visually and numerically between the analysed images and the identified parameters. A composite plate analysed at the end of the cooling phase is presented as a case of study. Here, the variation in residual strains induced by the variability in the reinforcement orientation are up to 28% of the strain field of the homogeneous FE model. The proposed methodology has shown its capabilities to introduce material and geometrical variability into FE analysis of layered composite structures.

Identification and Modelling of the In-Plane Reinforcement Orientation Variations in a CFRP Laminate Produced by Manual Lay-Up

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Davila, Yves; Crouzeix, Laurent; Douchin, Bernard; Collombet, Francis; Grunevald, Yves-Henri

2018-06-01

Reinforcement angle orientation has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of composite materials. This work presents a methodology to introduce variable reinforcement angles into finite element (FE) models of composite structures. The study of reinforcement orientation variations uses meta-models to identify and control a continuous variation across the composite ply. First, the reinforcement angle is measured through image analysis techniques of the composite plies during the lay-up phase. Image analysis results show that variations in the mean ply orientations are between -0.5 and 0.5° with standard deviations ranging between 0.34 and 0.41°. An automatic post-treatment of the images determines the global and local angle variations yielding good agreements visually and numerically between the analysed images and the identified parameters. A composite plate analysed at the end of the cooling phase is presented as a case of study. Here, the variation in residual strains induced by the variability in the reinforcement orientation are up to 28% of the strain field of the homogeneous FE model. The proposed methodology has shown its capabilities to introduce material and geometrical variability into FE analysis of layered composite structures.

Spiral Form of the Human Cochlea Results from Spatial Constraints.

PubMed

Pietsch, M; Aguirre Dávila, L; Erfurt, P; Avci, E; Lenarz, T; Kral, A

2017-08-08

The human inner ear has an intricate spiral shape often compared to shells of mollusks, particularly to the nautilus shell. It has inspired many functional hearing theories. The reasons for this complex geometry remain unresolved. We digitized 138 human cochleae at microscopic resolution and observed an astonishing interindividual variability in the shape. A 3D analytical cochlear model was developed that fits the analyzed data with high precision. The cochlear geometry neither matched a proposed function, namely sound focusing similar to a whispering gallery, nor did it have the form of a nautilus. Instead, the innate cochlear blueprint and its actual ontogenetic variants were determined by spatial constraints and resulted from an efficient packing of the cochlear duct within the petrous bone. The analytical model predicts well the individual 3D cochlear geometry from few clinical measures and represents a clinical tool for an individualized approach to neurosensory restoration with cochlear implants.

Multidimensional Scaling Analysis of the Dynamics of a Country Economy

PubMed Central

Mata, Maria Eugénia

2013-01-01

This paper analyzes the Portuguese short-run business cycles over the last 150 years and presents the multidimensional scaling (MDS) for visualizing the results. The analytical and numerical assessment of this long-run perspective reveals periods with close connections between the macroeconomic variables related to government accounts equilibrium, balance of payments equilibrium, and economic growth. The MDS method is adopted for a quantitative statistical analysis. In this way, similarity clusters of several historical periods emerge in the MDS maps, namely, in identifying similarities and dissimilarities that identify periods of prosperity and crises, growth, and stagnation. Such features are major aspects of collective national achievement, to which can be associated the impact of international problems such as the World Wars, the Great Depression, or the current global financial crisis, as well as national events in the context of broad political blueprints for the Portuguese society in the rising globalization process. PMID:24294132

A proposed national strategy for tuberculosis vaccine development.

PubMed

Ginsberg, A M

2000-06-01

The global tuberculosis epidemic causes approximately 5% of deaths worldwide. Despite recent concerted and largely successful tuberculosis control efforts, the incidence of tuberculosis in the United States remains 74-fold higher than the stated elimination goal of <1 case per million population by the year 2010. Current bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccines, although efficacious in preventing extrapulmonary tuberculosis in young children, have shown widely variable efficacy in preventing adult pulmonary tuberculosis, confound skin test screening, and are not recommended for use in the United States. The Advisory Council for Elimination of Tuberculosis recently stated that tuberculosis would not be eliminated from the United States without a more effective vaccine. Recent scientific advances have created unprecedented opportunity for tuberculosis vaccine development. Therefore, members of the broad tuberculosis research and control communities have recently created and proposed a national strategy, or blueprint, for tuberculosis vaccine development, which is presented here.

Metal-organic frameworks with dynamic interlocked components

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vukotic, V. Nicholas; Harris, Kristopher J.; Zhu, Kelong; Schurko, Robert W.; Loeb, Stephen J.

2012-06-01

The dynamics of mechanically interlocked molecules such as rotaxanes and catenanes have been studied in solution as examples of rudimentary molecular switches and machines, but in this medium, the molecules are randomly dispersed and their motion incoherent. As a strategy for achieving a higher level of molecular organization, we have constructed a metal-organic framework material using a [2]rotaxane as the organic linker and binuclear Cu(II) units as the nodes. Activation of the as-synthesized material creates a void space inside the rigid framework that allows the soft macrocyclic ring of the [2]rotaxane to rotate rapidly, unimpeded by neighbouring molecular components. Variable-temperature 13C and 2H solid-state NMR experiments are used to characterize the nature and rate of the dynamic processes occurring inside this unique material. These results provide a blueprint for the future creation of solid-state molecular switches and molecular machines based on mechanically interlocked molecules.

Influence of magnification and superimposition of structures on cephalometric diagnosis.

PubMed

Paula, Leonardo Koerich de; Solon-de-Mello, Priscilla de Almeida; Mattos, Claudia Trindade; Ruellas, Antônio Carlos de Oliveira; Sant'Anna, Eduardo Franzotti

2015-01-01

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of magnification and superimposition of structures on CBCT-generated lateral cephalometric radiographs (LCR) using different segments of the cranium. CBCT scans of 10 patients were selected. Four LCR were generated using Dolphin Imaging(r) software: full-face, right side, left side and center of the head. A total of 40 images were imported into Radiocef Studio 2(r), and the angles of the most common cephalometric analyses were traced by the same observer twice and within a 10-day interval. Statistical analyses included intraexaminer agreement and comparison between methods by means of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman agreement tests. Intraexaminer agreement of the angles assessed by ICC was excellent (> 0.90) for 83% of measurements, good (between 0.75 and 0.90) for 15%, and moderate (between 0.50 and 0.75) for 2% of measurements. The comparison between methods by ICC was excellent for 68% of measurements, good for 26%, and moderate for 6%. Variables presenting wider confidence intervals (> 6o) in the Bland-Altman tests, in intraexaminer assessment, were: mandibular incisor angle, maxillary incisor angle, and occlusal plane angle. And in comparison methods the variables with wider confidence interval were: mandibular incisor, maxillary incisor, GoGn, occlusal plane angle, Frankfort horizontal plane (FHP), and CoA. Superimposition of structures seemed to influence the results more than magnification, and neither one of them significantly influenced the measurements. Considerable individual variability may occur, especially for mandibular and maxillary incisors, FHP and occlusal plane.

Comparison of tunnel variability between trans-portal and outside-in techniques in ACL reconstruction.

PubMed

Sim, Jae-Ang; Kim, Jong-Min; Lee, Sahnghoon; Bae, Ji-Yong; Seon, Jong-Keun

2017-04-01

Although trans-portal and outside-in techniques are commonly used for anatomical ACL reconstruction, there is very little information on variability in tunnel placement between two techniques. A total of 103 patients who received ACL reconstruction using trans-portal (50 patients) and outside-in techniques (53 patients) were included in the study. The ACL tunnel location, length and graft-femoral tunnel angle were analyzed using the 3D CT knee models, and we compared the location and length of the femoral and tibial tunnels, and graft bending angle between the two techniques. The variability in each technique regarding the tunnel location, length and graft tunnel angle using the range values was also compared. There were no differences in the average of femoral tunnel depth and height between the two groups. The ranges of femoral tunnel depth and height showed no difference between two groups (36 and 41 % in trans-portal technique vs. 32 and 41 % in outside-in technique). The average value and ranges of tibial tunnel location also showed similar results in two groups. The outside-in technique showed longer femoral tunnel than the trans-portal technique (34.0 vs. 36.8 mm, p = 0.001). The range of femoral tunnel was also wider in trans-portal technique than in outside-in technique. Although the outside-in technique showed significant acute graft bending angle than trans-portal technique in average values, the trans-portal technique showed wider ranges in graft bending angle than outside-in technique [ranges 73° (SD 13.6) vs. 53° (SD 10.7), respectively]. Although both trans-portal and outside-in techniques in ACL reconstruction can provide relatively consistent in femoral and tibial tunnel locations, trans-portal technique showed high variability in femoral tunnel length and graft bending angles than outside-in technique. Therefore, the outside-in technique in ACL reconstruction is considered as the effective method for surgeons to make more consistent femoral tunnel. III.

Ergonomic evaluation of interior design of Shoka vehicle and proposing recommendations for improvement.

PubMed

Mazloumi, Adel; Mohammadreze, Fallah

2012-01-01

One of the applications of ergonomics disciplinary is designing driver workstation compatible to users' characteristics. The aim of this study was evaluation of interior design of Shoka vehicle with respect to the accommodation for Iranian population and proposing suggestions for customizing design of this vehicle. This study was a descriptive-analytical study conducted among thirty men from Iranian drivers population in 5, 50, 95 percentiles of the stature variable. Objective variables related to the occupant packaging and vehicle visual aspects including anthropometric variables, frontal, lateral, and side view and so on were investigated first. Then, subjective variables related to the driver mental workload and body comfort discomfort were studied using BMDMW and comfort questionnaires during 2-hour driving trial sessions. Occupant packaging variables and hand-arm angle showed the least accommodation percent (%53). Seating angles showed low accommodation as well (%73). Among three percentile groups there were no significant differences between the mean values of mental workload during two hours driving task. And, the mean value related to the comfort discomfort was 3.9 during driving sessions. Considering the findings in this study, it can be conclude that seating angles need correction and optimization. Taking mental workload results into account, it can be concluded that the interior design of the studied car had no influence on drivers' mental workload. From the aspect of comfort discomfort, Shoka vehicle showed neutral state among drivers. Optimizing seating angles, decreasing vibration, correcting stiffness of seating pan are suggested for customization of the ergonomics aspect of this vehicle.

Changes in Knee Biomechanics After a Hip-Abductor Strengthening Protocol for Runners With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

PubMed Central

Ferber, Reed; Kendall, Karen D.; Farr, Lindsay

2011-01-01

Abstract Context: Very few authors have investigated the relationship between hip-abductor muscle strength and frontal-plane knee mechanics during running. Objective: To investigate this relationship using a 3-week hip-abductor muscle-strengthening program to identify changes in strength, pain, and biomechanics in runners with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). Design: Cohort study. Setting: University-based clinical research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Fifteen individuals (5 men, 10 women) with PFPS and 10 individuals without PFPS (4 men, 6 women) participated. Intervention(s): The patients with PFPS completed a 3-week hip-abductor strengthening protocol; control participants did not. Main Outcome Measure(s): The dependent variables of interest were maximal isometric hip-abductor muscle strength, 2-dimensional peak knee genu valgum angle, and stride-to-stride knee-joint variability. All measures were recorded at baseline and 3 weeks later. Between-groups differences were compared using repeated-measures analyses of variance. Results: At baseline, the PFPS group exhibited reduced strength, no difference in peak genu valgum angle, and increased stride-to-stride knee-joint variability compared with the control group. After the 3-week protocol, the PFPS group demonstrated increased strength, less pain, no change in peak genu valgum angle, and reduced stride-to-stride knee-joint variability compared with baseline. Conclusions: A 3-week hip-abductor muscle-strengthening protocol was effective in increasing muscle strength and decreasing pain and stride-to-stride knee-joint variability in individuals with PFPS. However, concomitant changes in peak knee genu valgum angle were not observed. PMID:21391799

Haptic perception accuracy depending on self-produced movement.

PubMed

Park, Chulwook; Kim, Seonjin

2014-01-01

This study measured whether self-produced movement influences haptic perception ability (experiment 1) as well as the factors associated with levels of influence (experiment 2) in racket sports. For experiment 1, the haptic perception accuracy levels of five male table tennis experts and five male novices were examined under two different conditions (no movement vs. movement). For experiment 2, the haptic afferent subsystems of five male table tennis experts and five male novices were investigated in only the self-produced movement-coupled condition. Inferential statistics (ANOVA, t-test) and custom-made devices (shock & vibration sensor, Qualisys Track Manager) of the data were used to determine the haptic perception accuracy (experiment 1, experiment 2) and its association with expertise. The results of this research show that expert-level players acquire higher accuracy with less variability (racket vibration and angle) than novice-level players, especially in their self-produced movement coupled performances. The important finding from this result is that, in terms of accuracy, the skill-associated differences were enlarged during self-produced movement. To explain the origin of this difference between experts and novices, the functional variability of haptic afferent subsystems can serve as a reference. These two factors (self-produced accuracy and the variability of haptic features) as investigated in this study would be useful criteria for educators in racket sports and suggest a broader hypothesis for further research into the effects of the haptic accuracy related to variability.

Ramped-Amplitude Cross Polarization in Magic-Angle-Spinning NMR

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Metz, G.; Wu, X. L.; Smith, S. O.

The Hartmann-Hahn matching profile in CP-MAS NMR shows a strong mismatch dependence if the MAS frequency is on the order of the dipolar couplings in the sample. Under these conditions, the profile breaks down into a series of narrow matching bands separated by the spinning speed, and it becomes difficult to establish and maintain an efficient matching condition. Variable-amplitude CP (VACP), as introduced previously (Peersen et al., J. Magn. Reson. A104, 334, 1993), has been proven to be effective for restoring flat profiles at high spinning speeds. Here, a refined implementation of VACP using a ramped-amplitude cross-polarization sequence (RAMP-CP) is described. The order of the amplitude modulation is shown to be of importance for the cross-polarization process. The new pulse sequence with a linear amplitude ramp is not only easier to set up but also improves the performance of the variable-amplitude experiment in that it produces flat profiles over a wider range of matching conditions even with short total contact times. An increase in signal intensity is obtained compared to both con ventional CP and the originally proposed VACP sequence.

Outcome (competency) based education: an exploration of its origins, theoretical basis, and empirical evidence.

PubMed

Morcke, Anne Mette; Dornan, Tim; Eika, Berit

2013-10-01

Outcome based or competency based education (OBE) is so firmly established in undergraduate medical education that it might not seem necessary to ask why it was included in recommendations for the future, like the Flexner centenary report. Uncritical acceptance may not, however, deliver its greatest benefits. Our aim was to explore the underpinnings of OBE: its historical origins, theoretical basis, and empirical evidence of its effects in order to answer the question: How can predetermined learning outcomes influence undergraduate medical education? This literature review had three components: A review of historical landmarks in the evolution of OBE; a review of conceptual frameworks and theories; and a systematic review of empirical publications from 1999 to 2010 that reported data concerning the effects of learning outcomes on undergraduate medical education. OBE had its origins in behaviourist theories of learning. It is tightly linked to the assessment and regulation of proficiency, but less clearly linked to teaching and learning activities. Over time, there have been cycles of advocacy for, then criticism of, OBE. A recurring critique concerns the place of complex personal and professional attributes as "competencies". OBE has been adopted by consensus in the face of weak empirical evidence. OBE, which has been advocated for over 50 years, can contribute usefully to defining requisite knowledge and skills, and blueprinting assessments. Its applicability to more complex aspects of clinical performance is not clear. OBE, we conclude, provides a valuable approach to some, but not all, important aspects of undergraduate medical education.

Asronomical refraction: Computational methods for all zenith angles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Auer, L. H.; Standish, E. M.

2000-01-01

It is shown that the problem of computing astronomical refraction for any value of the zenith angle may be reduced to a simple, nonsingular, numerical quadrature when the proper choice is made for the independent variable of integration.

Wigner Distribution for Angle Coordinates in Quantum Mechanics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mukunda, N.

1979-01-01

Shows how to extend Wigner distribution functions, and Weyl correspondence between quantum and classical variables, from the usual kind of canonically conjugate position and momentum operators to the case of an angle and angular momentum operator pair. (Author/GA)

Investigation on the Inertance Tubes of Pulse Tube Cryocooler Without Reservoir

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Y. J.; Yang, L. W.; Liang, J. T.; Hong, G. T.

2010-04-01

Phase angle is of vital importance for high-efficiency pulse tube cryocoolers (PTCs). Inertance tube as the main phase shifter is useful for the PTCs to obtain appropriate phase angle. Experiments of inertance tube without reservoir under variable frequency, variable length and diameter of inertance tube and variable pressure amplitude are investigated respectively. In addition, the authors used DeltaEC, a computer program to predict the performance of low-amplitude thermoacoustic engines, to simulate the effects of inertance tube without reservoir. According to the comparison of experiments and theoretical simulations, DeltaEC method is feasible and effective to direct and improve the design of inertance tubes.

Sex differences in the shoulder joint position sense acuity: a cross-sectional study.

PubMed

Vafadar, Amir K; Côté, Julie N; Archambault, Philippe S

2015-09-30

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) is the most expensive form of work disability. Female sex has been considered as an individual risk factor for the development of WMSD, specifically in the neck and shoulder region. One of the factors that might contribute to the higher injury rate in women is possible differences in neuromuscular control. Accordingly the purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of sex on shoulder joint position sense acuity (as a part of shoulder neuromuscular control) in healthy individuals. Twenty-eight healthy participants, 14 females and 14 males were recruited for this study. To test position sense acuity, subjects were asked to flex their dominant shoulder to one of the three pre-defined angle ranges (low, mid and high-ranges) with eyes closed, hold their arm in that position for three seconds, go back to the starting position and then immediately replicate the same joint flexion angle, while the difference between the reproduced and original angle was taken as the measure of position sense error. The errors were measured using Vicon motion capture system. Subjects reproduced nine positions in total (3 ranges × 3 trials each). Calculation of absolute repositioning error (magnitude of error) showed no significant difference between men and women (p-value ≥ 0.05). However, the analysis of the direction of error (constant error) showed a significant difference between the sexes, as women tended to mostly overestimate the target, whereas men tended to both overestimate and underestimate the target (p-value ≤ 0.01, observed power = 0.79). The results also showed that men had a significantly more variable error, indicating more variability in their position sense, compared to women (p-value ≤ 0.05, observed power = 0.78). Differences observed in the constant JPS error suggest that men and women might use different neuromuscular control strategies in the upper limb. In addition, higher JPS variability observed in men might be one of the factors that could contribute to their lower rate of musculoskeletal disorders, compared to women. The result of this study showed that shoulder position sense, as part of the neuromuscular control system, differs between men and women. This finding can help us better understand the reasons behind the higher rate of musculoskeletal disorders in women, especially in the working environments.

A Textile-Based Wearable Sensing Device Designed for Monitoring the Flexion Angle of Elbow and Knee Movements

PubMed Central

Shyr, Tien-Wei; Shie, Jing-Wen; Jiang, Chang-Han; Li, Jung-Jen

2014-01-01

In this work a wearable gesture sensing device consisting of a textile strain sensor, using elastic conductive webbing, was designed for monitoring the flexion angle of elbow and knee movements. The elastic conductive webbing shows a linear response of resistance to the flexion angle. The wearable gesture sensing device was calibrated and then the flexion angle-resistance equation was established using an assembled gesture sensing apparatus with a variable resistor and a protractor. The proposed device successfully monitored the flexion angle during elbow and knee movements. PMID:24577526

Angle-of-Attack-Modulated Terminal Point Control for Neptune Aerocapture

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Queen, Eric M.

2004-01-01

An aerocapture guidance algorithm based on a calculus of variations approach is developed, using angle of attack as the primary control variable. Bank angle is used as a secondary control to alleviate angle of attack extremes and to control inclination. The guidance equations are derived in detail. The controller has very small onboard computational requirements and is robust to atmospheric and aerodynamic dispersions. The algorithm is applied to aerocapture at Neptune. Three versions of the controller are considered with varying angle of attack authority. The three versions of the controller are evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations with expected dispersions.

Social phobia: etiology, neurobiology, and treatment.

PubMed

Coupland, N J

2001-01-01

Social phobia is a common and often disabling condition, with an etiology that is not established. There is evidence at several levels for an interplay of biological and psychological processes in social phobia. Genetic studies show that both genetic and environmental factors are important, with evidence pointing to associations with 2 genetic conditions, autism and fragile X syndrome. Behavioral inhibition has emerged as an important precursor to social phobia and possibly to other anxiety disorders. Epidemiologic and clinical studies have suggested that factors within the family environment, such as overprotection, overcontrol, modeling of anxiety, criticism, and in some cases abuse, can play a role in the development of social phobia. During childhood, complex interactions between brain system disturbances that mediate responses to negative social cues and factors in the social setting may lead to the development of a distorted set of internal "blueprints" for social behavior. The impact of severe social anxiety on brain systems that mediate behavioral change may prevent patients from learning better "blueprints." These can be taught through cognitive-behavioral therapies. The effective control of social anxiety with medications enables patients to recover; whether recovery can last after discontinuation of medications may depend on whether a new "blueprint" has been developed and whether stable changes in affected brain systems have occurred. Neuroimaging techniques are at the early stage of identifying abnormalities at the neurotransmitter and systems levels.

Blueprint for a coupled model of sedimentology, hydrology, and hydrogeology in streambeds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Partington, Daniel; Therrien, Rene; Simmons, Craig T.; Brunner, Philip

2017-06-01

The streambed constitutes the physical interface between the surface and the subsurface of a stream. Across all spatial scales, the physical properties of the streambed control surface water-groundwater interactions. Continuous alteration of streambed properties such as topography or hydraulic conductivity occurs through erosion and sedimentation processes. Recent studies from the fields of ecology, hydrogeology, and sedimentology provide field evidence that sedimentological processes themselves can be heavily influenced by surface water-groundwater interactions, giving rise to complex feedback mechanisms between sedimentology, hydrology, and hydrogeology. More explicitly, surface water-groundwater exchanges play a significant role in the deposition of fine sediments, which in turn modify the hydraulic properties of the streambed. We explore these feedback mechanisms and critically review the extent of current interaction between the different disciplines. We identify opportunities to improve current modeling practices. For example, hydrogeological models treat the streambed as a static rather than a dynamic entity, while sedimentological models do not account for critical catchment processes such as surface water-groundwater exchange. We propose a blueprint for a new modeling framework that bridges the conceptual gaps between sedimentology, hydrogeology, and hydrology. Specifically, this blueprint (1) fully integrates surface-subsurface flows with erosion, transport, and deposition of sediments and (2) accounts for the dynamic changes in surface elevation and hydraulic conductivity of the streambed. Finally, we discuss the opportunities for new research within the coupled framework.

The VSPA Foot: A Quasi-Passive Ankle-Foot Prosthesis With Continuously Variable Stiffness.

PubMed

Shepherd, Max K; Rouse, Elliott J

2017-12-01

Most commercially available prosthetic feet do not exhibit a biomimetic torque-angle relationship, and are unable to modulate their mechanics to assist with other mobility tasks, such as stairs and ramps. In this paper, we present a quasi-passive ankle-foot prosthesis with a customizable torque-angle curve and an ability to quickly modulate ankle stiffness between tasks. The customizable torque-angle curve is obtained with a cam-based transmission and a fiberglass leaf spring. To achieve variable stiffness, the leaf spring's support conditions can be actively modulated by a small motor, shifting the torque-angle curve to be more or less stiff. We introduce the design, characterize the available torque-angle curves, and present kinematics from a transtibial amputee subject performing level-ground walking, stair ascent/descent, and ramp ascent/descent. The subject exhibited a more normative range of motion on stairs and ramps at lower stiffness levels, and preferred different stiffness levels for each task. Paired with an appropriate intent recognition system, our novel ankle prosthesis could improve gait biomechanics during walking and many other mobility tasks.