5 CFR 2500.3 - Original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Original classification. 2500.3 Section... SECURITY REGULATION § 2500.3 Original classification. No one in the Office of Administration has been granted authority for original classification of information. ...

5 CFR 2500.3 - Original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Original classification. 2500.3 Section... SECURITY REGULATION § 2500.3 Original classification. No one in the Office of Administration has been granted authority for original classification of information. ...

5 CFR 2500.3 - Original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Original classification. 2500.3 Section... SECURITY REGULATION § 2500.3 Original classification. No one in the Office of Administration has been granted authority for original classification of information. ...

5 CFR 2500.3 - Original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Original classification. 2500.3 Section... SECURITY REGULATION § 2500.3 Original classification. No one in the Office of Administration has been granted authority for original classification of information. ...

14 CFR 1203.410 - Limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... original Top Secret classification authority. (g) The Administrator, the Chairperson, NASA Information Security Program Committee, or an official with original Top Secret classification authority may reclassify...

14 CFR § 1203.407 - Duration of classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Duration of classification. § 1203.407... SECURITY PROGRAM Guides for Original Classification § 1203.407 Duration of classification. (a) At the time of original classification, the original classification authority shall establish a specific date or...

6 CFR 7.20 - Classification and declassification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Secret and Confidential original classification authority to other officials determined to have frequent... 6 Domestic Security 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Classification and declassification authority. 7... NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION Classified Information § 7.20 Classification and declassification authority...

6 CFR 7.20 - Classification and declassification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Secret and Confidential original classification authority to other officials determined to have frequent... 6 Domestic Security 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Classification and declassification authority. 7... NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION Classified Information § 7.20 Classification and declassification authority...

6 CFR 7.20 - Classification and declassification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Secret and Confidential original classification authority to other officials determined to have frequent... 6 Domestic Security 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Classification and declassification authority. 7... NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION Classified Information § 7.20 Classification and declassification authority...

6 CFR 7.20 - Classification and declassification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Secret and Confidential original classification authority to other officials determined to have frequent... 6 Domestic Security 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Classification and declassification authority. 7... NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION Classified Information § 7.20 Classification and declassification authority...

17 CFR 200.505 - Original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Original classification. 200... Information and Material § 200.505 Original classification. (a) No Commission Member or employee has the authority to classify any information on an original basis. (b) If a Commission employee originates...

46 CFR 503.54 - Original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 9 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Original classification. 503.54 Section 503.54 Shipping... Program § 503.54 Original classification. (a) No Commission Member or employee has the authority to... require classification, or receives any foreign government information as defined in section 6.1(s) of...

46 CFR 503.54 - Original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 9 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Original classification. 503.54 Section 503.54 Shipping... Program § 503.54 Original classification. (a) No Commission Member or employee has the authority to... require classification, or receives any foreign government information as defined in section 1.1(d) of...

46 CFR 503.54 - Original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 9 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Original classification. 503.54 Section 503.54 Shipping... Program § 503.54 Original classification. (a) No Commission Member or employee has the authority to... require classification, or receives any foreign government information as defined in section 6.1(s) of...

46 CFR 503.54 - Original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 9 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Original classification. 503.54 Section 503.54 Shipping... Program § 503.54 Original classification. (a) No Commission Member or employee has the authority to... require classification, or receives any foreign government information as defined in section 6.1(s) of...

46 CFR 503.54 - Original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 9 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Original classification. 503.54 Section 503.54 Shipping... Program § 503.54 Original classification. (a) No Commission Member or employee has the authority to... require classification, or receives any foreign government information as defined in section 6.1(s) of...

50 CFR 540.3 - Procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... the fact that the Commission does not have original classification authority and national security... conjunction with a transfer of functions, to the appropriate federal agency exercising original classification... contractor of the Commission originates information that is believed to require classification, the Executive...

50 CFR 540.3 - Procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... the fact that the Commission does not have original classification authority and national security... conjunction with a transfer of functions, to the appropriate federal agency exercising original classification... contractor of the Commission originates information that is believed to require classification, the Executive...

50 CFR 540.3 - Procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... the fact that the Commission does not have original classification authority and national security... conjunction with a transfer of functions, to the appropriate federal agency exercising original classification... contractor of the Commission originates information that is believed to require classification, the Executive...

75 FR 707 - Classified National Security Information

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-05

... classified at one of the following three levels: (1) ``Top Secret'' shall be applied to information, the... exercise this authority. (2) ``Top Secret'' original classification authority may be delegated only by the... official has been delegated ``Top Secret'' original classification authority by the agency head. (4) Each...

5 CFR 1312.8 - Standard identification and markings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... CLASSIFICATION, DOWNGRADING, DECLASSIFICATION AND SAFEGUARDING OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION Classification.... (a) Original classification. At the time classified material is produced, the classifier shall apply...: (1) Classification authority. The name/personal identifier, and position title of the original...

5 CFR 1312.8 - Standard identification and markings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... CLASSIFICATION, DOWNGRADING, DECLASSIFICATION AND SAFEGUARDING OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION Classification.... (a) Original classification. At the time classified material is produced, the classifier shall apply...: (1) Classification authority. The name/personal identifier, and position title of the original...

5 CFR 1312.8 - Standard identification and markings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... CLASSIFICATION, DOWNGRADING, DECLASSIFICATION AND SAFEGUARDING OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION Classification.... (a) Original classification. At the time classified material is produced, the classifier shall apply...: (1) Classification authority. The name/personal identifier, and position title of the original...

32 CFR 2700.12 - Criteria for and level of original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Criteria for and level of original classification. (a) General Policy. Documents or other material are to... authorized or shall have force. (d) Unnecessary classification, and classification at a level higher than is... 32 National Defense 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Criteria for and level of original...

14 CFR 1203.203 - Degree of protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...) Authorized categories of classification. The three categories of classification, as authorized and defined in... be safeguarded as if it were classified pending a determination by an original classification... appropriate level of classification, it shall be safeguarded at the higher level of classification pending a...

14 CFR 1203.800 - Delegations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... paragraph (b)(3) of the section are authorized to declassify top Secret security classification assignments... which NASA has original classification authority. (b) Designated officials—(1) TOP SECRET Classification... this section. (3) Declassification Authority, Top Secret Assignments over 25 years Old. (i) Agency...

6 CFR 7.24 - Duration of classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 6 Domestic Security 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Duration of classification. 7.24 Section 7.24... INFORMATION Classified Information § 7.24 Duration of classification. (a) At the time of original classification, original classification authorities shall apply a date or event in which the information will be...

6 CFR 7.24 - Duration of classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 6 Domestic Security 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Duration of classification. 7.24 Section 7.24... INFORMATION Classified Information § 7.24 Duration of classification. (a) At the time of original classification, original classification authorities shall apply a date or event in which the information will be...

6 CFR 7.24 - Duration of classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 6 Domestic Security 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Duration of classification. 7.24 Section 7.24... INFORMATION Classified Information § 7.24 Duration of classification. (a) At the time of original classification, original classification authorities shall apply a date or event in which the information will be...

6 CFR 7.24 - Duration of classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 6 Domestic Security 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Duration of classification. 7.24 Section 7.24... INFORMATION Classified Information § 7.24 Duration of classification. (a) At the time of original classification, original classification authorities shall apply a date or event in which the information will be...

28 CFR 17.21 - Classification and declassification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Administration may delegate original Secret and Confidential classification authority to subordinate officials... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Classification and declassification... INFORMATION AND ACCESS TO CLASSIFIED INFORMATION Classified Information § 17.21 Classification and...

28 CFR 17.21 - Classification and declassification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Administration may delegate original Secret and Confidential classification authority to subordinate officials... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Classification and declassification... INFORMATION AND ACCESS TO CLASSIFIED INFORMATION Classified Information § 17.21 Classification and...

28 CFR 17.21 - Classification and declassification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Administration may delegate original Secret and Confidential classification authority to subordinate officials... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Classification and declassification... INFORMATION AND ACCESS TO CLASSIFIED INFORMATION Classified Information § 17.21 Classification and...

28 CFR 17.21 - Classification and declassification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Administration may delegate original Secret and Confidential classification authority to subordinate officials... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Classification and declassification... INFORMATION AND ACCESS TO CLASSIFIED INFORMATION Classified Information § 17.21 Classification and...

14 CFR 1203.203 - Degree of protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... be safeguarded as if it were classified pending a determination by an original classification... appropriate level of classification, it shall be safeguarded at the higher level of classification pending a determination by an original classification authority, who shall make this determination within 30 days. (b...

14 CFR 1203.203 - Degree of protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... be safeguarded as if it were classified pending a determination by an original classification... appropriate level of classification, it shall be safeguarded at the higher level of classification pending a determination by an original classification authority, who shall make this determination within 30 days. (b...

32 CFR 2400.7 - Original classification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Original classification authority. 2400.7 Section 2400.7 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12356; OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY INFORMATION...

32 CFR 2400.7 - Original classification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Original classification authority. 2400.7 Section 2400.7 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12356; OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY INFORMATION...

32 CFR 2400.7 - Original classification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Original classification authority. 2400.7 Section 2400.7 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12356; OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY INFORMATION...

32 CFR 2400.7 - Original classification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Original classification authority. 2400.7 Section 2400.7 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12356; OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY INFORMATION...

32 CFR 2400.7 - Original classification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Original classification authority. 2400.7 Section 2400.7 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12356; OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY INFORMATION...

14 CFR § 1203.203 - Degree of protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... classification authority, who shall make this determination within 30 days. If there is reasonable doubt about the appropriate level of classification, it shall be safeguarded at the higher level of classification pending a determination by an original classification authority, who shall make this determination within...

44 CFR 8.2 - Original classification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... information originally as TOP SECRET, as designated by the President in the Federal Register, Vol 47, No. 91...)(2), E.O. 12356, the following positions have been delegated ORIGINAL TOP SECRET CLASSIFICATION... Preparedness Directorate (3) Director, Office of Security (c) The positions delegated original Top Secret...

44 CFR 8.2 - Original classification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... information originally as TOP SECRET, as designated by the President in the Federal Register, Vol 47, No. 91...)(2), E.O. 12356, the following positions have been delegated ORIGINAL TOP SECRET CLASSIFICATION... Preparedness Directorate (3) Director, Office of Security (c) The positions delegated original Top Secret...

14 CFR 1203.800 - Delegations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Secret and Confidential security classification assignments to information under their jurisdiction for... Information. (2) SECRET and CONFIDENTIAL Classification Authority. Officials listed in paragraph (b)(1) of... Authority To Make Determinations in Original Classification Matters § 1203.800 Delegations. (a) The NASA...

14 CFR 1203.800 - Delegations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Secret and Confidential security classification assignments to information under their jurisdiction for... Information. (2) SECRET and CONFIDENTIAL Classification Authority. Officials listed in paragraph (b)(1) of... Authority To Make Determinations in Original Classification Matters § 1203.800 Delegations. (a) The NASA...

32 CFR 2001.12 - Duration of classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... classification authority shall follow the sequence listed in paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (ii), and (iii) of this... to the sequence in paragraph (a)(1) of this section are as follows: (i) If an original classification... and shall be designated with the following marking, “50X1-HUM;” or (ii) If an original classification...

32 CFR 2001.12 - Duration of classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... classification authority shall follow the sequence listed in paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (ii), and (iii) of this... to the sequence in paragraph (a)(1) of this section are as follows: (i) If an original classification... and shall be designated with the following marking, “50X1-HUM;” or (ii) If an original classification...

14 CFR 1203.412 - Classification guides.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Classification guides. 1203.412 Section 1203... Guides for Original Classification § 1203.412 Classification guides. (a) General. A classification guide, based upon classification determinations made by appropriate program and classification authorities...

32 CFR 2400.8 - Limitations on delegation of original classification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12356; OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY INFORMATION SECURITY PROGRAM Original Classification § 2400.8 Limitations on delegation of...

32 CFR 2400.8 - Limitations on delegation of original classification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12356; OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY INFORMATION SECURITY PROGRAM Original Classification § 2400.8 Limitations on delegation of...

32 CFR 2400.8 - Limitations on delegation of original classification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12356; OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY INFORMATION SECURITY PROGRAM Original Classification § 2400.8 Limitations on delegation of...

32 CFR 2400.8 - Limitations on delegation of original classification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12356; OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY INFORMATION SECURITY PROGRAM Original Classification § 2400.8 Limitations on delegation of...

32 CFR 2400.8 - Limitations on delegation of original classification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12356; OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY INFORMATION SECURITY PROGRAM Original Classification § 2400.8 Limitations on delegation of...

14 CFR 1203.409 - Exceptional cases.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Original Classification § 1203.409 Exceptional cases. (a) In those cases where a person not authorized to classify information orginates or develops information which is believed to require classification, that... decision made by an appropriate classifying authority. For NASA employees the classifying authority is...

32 CFR 2800.6 - Delegation of classification and declassification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Delegation of classification and... classification and declassification authority. Pursuant to the provisions of sections 1-201 and 3-103 of E.O... to originally classify and declassify information as “SECRET” and/or “CONFIDENTIAL”: (a) Chief of...

32 CFR 2800.6 - Delegation of classification and declassification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Delegation of classification and... classification and declassification authority. Pursuant to the provisions of sections 1-201 and 3-103 of E.O... to originally classify and declassify information as “SECRET” and/or “CONFIDENTIAL”: (a) Chief of...

32 CFR 2800.6 - Delegation of classification and declassification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Delegation of classification and... classification and declassification authority. Pursuant to the provisions of sections 1-201 and 3-103 of E.O... to originally classify and declassify information as “SECRET” and/or “CONFIDENTIAL”: (a) Chief of...

32 CFR 2800.6 - Delegation of classification and declassification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Delegation of classification and... classification and declassification authority. Pursuant to the provisions of sections 1-201 and 3-103 of E.O... to originally classify and declassify information as “SECRET” and/or “CONFIDENTIAL”: (a) Chief of...

32 CFR 1907.23 - Response by originator(s) and/or any interested party.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... INTELLIGENCE AGENCY CHALLENGES TO CLASSIFICATION OF DOCUMENTS BY AUTHORIZED HOLDERS PURSUANT TO § 1.9 OF... authorized holder as well as the business requirements of the originator including their responsibilities...

32 CFR 2001.13 - Classification prohibitions and limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Classification prohibitions and limitations... INFORMATION Classification § 2001.13 Classification prohibitions and limitations. (a) Declassification without... determined by an original classification authority with jurisdiction over the information, remains classified...

5 CFR 1312.4 - Classified designations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) Top Secret. This classification shall be applied only to information the unauthorized disclosure of... original classification authority is able to identify or describe. (2) Secret. This classification shall be...

14 CFR 1203.412 - Classification guides.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... of the classification designations (i.e., Top Secret, Secret or Confidential) apply to the identified... writing by an official with original Top Secret classification authority; the identity of the official...

12 CFR 403.3 - Classification principles and authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... classification determination is made, each item of information that may require protection shall be identified... its classification. The final determination must be made within thirty (30) days. (b) Classification.... Security Officer. (2) A determination to classify information shall be made by an original classification...

28 CFR 17.26 - Derivative classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Derivative classification. 17.26 Section... ACCESS TO CLASSIFIED INFORMATION Classified Information § 17.26 Derivative classification. (a) Persons need not possess original classification authority to derivatively classify information based on source...

28 CFR 17.26 - Derivative classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Derivative classification. 17.26 Section... ACCESS TO CLASSIFIED INFORMATION Classified Information § 17.26 Derivative classification. (a) Persons need not possess original classification authority to derivatively classify information based on source...

28 CFR 17.26 - Derivative classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Derivative classification. 17.26 Section... ACCESS TO CLASSIFIED INFORMATION Classified Information § 17.26 Derivative classification. (a) Persons need not possess original classification authority to derivatively classify information based on source...

28 CFR 17.26 - Derivative classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Derivative classification. 17.26 Section... ACCESS TO CLASSIFIED INFORMATION Classified Information § 17.26 Derivative classification. (a) Persons need not possess original classification authority to derivatively classify information based on source...

5 CFR 1312.2 - Responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., and Confidential original classification authority. (b) Heads of divisions or offices. The head of... Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET OMB DIRECTIVES CLASSIFICATION, DOWNGRADING, DECLASSIFICATION AND SAFEGUARDING OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION Classification and Declassification of National...

5 CFR 1312.2 - Responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., and Confidential original classification authority. (b) Heads of divisions or offices. The head of... Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET OMB DIRECTIVES CLASSIFICATION, DOWNGRADING, DECLASSIFICATION AND SAFEGUARDING OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION Classification and Declassification of National...

5 CFR 1312.2 - Responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., and Confidential original classification authority. (b) Heads of divisions or offices. The head of... Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET OMB DIRECTIVES CLASSIFICATION, DOWNGRADING, DECLASSIFICATION AND SAFEGUARDING OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION Classification and Declassification of National...

12 CFR 605.502 - Program and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... procedures. (a) The Farm Credit Administration has no authority for the original classification of... classify information. (b) Derivative classification. “Derivative classification” means the incorporating... developed material consistent with the classification markings that apply to the source information...

12 CFR 605.502 - Program and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... procedures. (a) The Farm Credit Administration has no authority for the original classification of... classify information. (b) Derivative classification. “Derivative classification” means the incorporating... developed material consistent with the classification markings that apply to the source information...

12 CFR 605.502 - Program and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... procedures. (a) The Farm Credit Administration has no authority for the original classification of... classify information. (b) Derivative classification. “Derivative classification” means the incorporating... developed material consistent with the classification markings that apply to the source information...

12 CFR 605.502 - Program and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... procedures. (a) The Farm Credit Administration has no authority for the original classification of... classify information. (b) Derivative classification. “Derivative classification” means the incorporating... developed material consistent with the classification markings that apply to the source information...

49 CFR 8.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... that the original classification authority is able to identify or describe. (c) Confidential... of the Secretary of Transportation CLASSIFIED INFORMATION: CLASSIFICATION/DECLASSIFICATION/ACCESS General § 8.5 Definitions. As used in this part: Classification means the act or process by which...

49 CFR 8.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... that the original classification authority is able to identify or describe. (c) Confidential... of the Secretary of Transportation CLASSIFIED INFORMATION: CLASSIFICATION/DECLASSIFICATION/ACCESS General § 8.5 Definitions. As used in this part: Classification means the act or process by which...

49 CFR 8.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... that the original classification authority is able to identify or describe. (c) Confidential... of the Secretary of Transportation CLASSIFIED INFORMATION: CLASSIFICATION/DECLASSIFICATION/ACCESS General § 8.5 Definitions. As used in this part: Classification means the act or process by which...

49 CFR 8.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... that the original classification authority is able to identify or describe. (c) Confidential... of the Secretary of Transportation CLASSIFIED INFORMATION: CLASSIFICATION/DECLASSIFICATION/ACCESS General § 8.5 Definitions. As used in this part: Classification means the act or process by which...

75 FR 735 - Original Classification Authority

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-05

... classify information originally as ``Top Secret'' or ``Secret'': TOP SECRET Executive Office of the... Space Administration The Director, Information Security Oversight Office SECRET Executive Office of the...

Further Comments toward a Dimensional Classification of Personality Disorder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Widiger, Thomas A.; Trull, Timothy J.

2008-01-01

Responds to the comments by H. N. Garb (2007) and A. M. Ruscio (2007) on the current authors' original article "Plate tectonics in the classification of personality disorder: Shifting to a dimensional model" (2007). Unable to respond to all of Garb's and Ruscio's concerns given space limitations, the current authors attempt to respond to key…

76 FR 19707 - Classified Information: Classification/Declassification/Access; Authority To Classify Information

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-08

... SECRET or CONFIDENTIAL to the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, and to the Assistant... authority to originally classify information as SECRET or CONFIDENTIAL, with further authorization to...

32 CFR 2001.92 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... (c) Classification management means the life-cycle management of classified national security information from original classification to declassification. (d) Cleared commercial carrier means a carrier that is authorized by law, regulatory body, or regulation, to transport Secret and Confidential...

5 CFR 1312.5 - Authority to classify.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., DOWNGRADING, DECLASSIFICATION AND SAFEGUARDING OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION Classification and Declassification of National Security Information § 1312.5 Authority to classify. (a) The authority to originally classify information or material under this part shall be limited to those officials concerned with matters...

Statistical Fine Structure in the Inhomogeneously Broadened Electronic Origin of Pentacene in p-Terphenyl.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-01-29

Electronic Origin of Pentacene in p-Terphenyl by T. P. Carter, M. Manavi, and W. E. Moerner Prepared for Publication inDTIC Journal of Chemical Physics...Classification) Statistical Fine Structure in the Inhomogeneously Broadened Electronic Origin of Pentacene in p-Terphenyl 12. PERSONAL AUTHOR(S) T. P...of pentacene in p-terphenyl using laser FM spectroscopy. Statistical fine structure is time-independent structure on the inhomogeneous line caused by

Atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry analysis linked with chemometrics for food classification - a case study: geographical provenance and cultivar classification of monovarietal clarified apple juices.

PubMed

Gan, Heng-Hui; Soukoulis, Christos; Fisk, Ian

2014-03-01

In the present work, we have evaluated for first time the feasibility of APCI-MS volatile compound fingerprinting in conjunction with chemometrics (PLS-DA) as a new strategy for rapid and non-destructive food classification. For this purpose 202 clarified monovarietal juices extracted from apples differing in their botanical and geographical origin were used for evaluation of the performance of APCI-MS as a classification tool. For an independent test set PLS-DA analyses of pre-treated spectral data gave 100% and 94.2% correct classification rate for the classification by cultivar and geographical origin, respectively. Moreover, PLS-DA analysis of APCI-MS in conjunction with GC-MS data revealed that masses within the spectral ACPI-MS data set were related with parent ions or fragments of alkyesters, carbonyl compounds (hexanal, trans-2-hexenal) and alcohols (1-hexanol, 1-butanol, cis-3-hexenol) and had significant discriminating power both in terms of cultivar and geographical origin. Copyright © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

12 CFR 403.5 - Declassification and downgrading.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... classification markings shall be lined through a statement placed on the cover or first page to indicate the... markings on each page shall be cancelled; otherwise, the statement on the cover or first page shall... taken earlier than originally scheduled, or the duration of classification is extended, the authority...

12 CFR 403.5 - Declassification and downgrading.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... classification markings shall be lined through a statement placed on the cover or first page to indicate the... markings on each page shall be cancelled; otherwise, the statement on the cover or first page shall... taken earlier than originally scheduled, or the duration of classification is extended, the authority...

The Psychosomatic Disorders Pertaining to Dental Practice with Revised Working Type Classification

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Psychosomatic disorders are defined as disorders characterized by physiological changes that originate partially from emotional factors. This article aims to discuss the psychosomatic disorders of the oral cavity with a revised working type classification. The author has added one more subset to the existing classification, i.e., disorders caused by altered perception of dentofacial form and function, which include body dysmorphic disorder. The author has also inserted delusional halitosis under the miscellaneous disorders classification of psychosomatic disorders and revised the already existing classification proposed for the psychosomatic disorders pertaining to dental practice. After the inclusion of the subset (disorders caused by altered perception of dentofacial form and function), the terminology "psychosomatic disorders of the oral cavity" is modified to "psychosomatic disorders pertaining to dental practice". PMID:24478896

The psychosomatic disorders pertaining to dental practice with revised working type classification.

PubMed

Shamim, Thorakkal

2014-01-01

Psychosomatic disorders are defined as disorders characterized by physiological changes that originate partially from emotional factors. This article aims to discuss the psychosomatic disorders of the oral cavity with a revised working type classification. The author has added one more subset to the existing classification, i.e., disorders caused by altered perception of dentofacial form and function, which include body dysmorphic disorder. The author has also inserted delusional halitosis under the miscellaneous disorders classification of psychosomatic disorders and revised the already existing classification proposed for the psychosomatic disorders pertaining to dental practice. After the inclusion of the subset (disorders caused by altered perception of dentofacial form and function), the terminology "psychosomatic disorders of the oral cavity" is modified to "psychosomatic disorders pertaining to dental practice".

The Training and Employment of Area Specialists in the Military

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-06-01

Unit Acca =o N I1. Title (Include Security Classification) The Training and Employment of Area Specialists in the Military 12 Personal Author(s) Randy P...administering, and analyzing a survey that accounts for about half of the information to come. This work does not answer all the ques- tions that exist...original Academic Associate and co-author of the area studies curriculum at NPS, that these factors accounted for the original decision by the Army to begin

14 CFR 1203.801 - Redelegation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Redelegation. 1203.801 Section 1203.801 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION INFORMATION SECURITY PROGRAM Delegation of... TOP SECRET, SECRET, or CONFIDENTIAL original classification authority or declassification authority is...

5 CFR 1312.5 - Authority to classify.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... classify information or material under this part shall be limited to those officials concerned with matters..., to assign original classifications as indicated to information or material that is originated by OMB... International Affairs. (iv) Associate Director for Natural Resources, Energy and Science. (2) Secret and below...

5 CFR 1312.5 - Authority to classify.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... classify information or material under this part shall be limited to those officials concerned with matters..., to assign original classifications as indicated to information or material that is originated by OMB... International Affairs. (iv) Associate Director for Natural Resources, Energy and Science. (2) Secret and below...

5 CFR 1312.5 - Authority to classify.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... classify information or material under this part shall be limited to those officials concerned with matters..., to assign original classifications as indicated to information or material that is originated by OMB... International Affairs. (iv) Associate Director for Natural Resources, Energy and Science. (2) Secret and below...

46 CFR 503.51 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... § 503.51 Definitions. (a) Access means the ability or opportunity to gain knowledge of classified... authorized governmental function. (n) Original classification means an initial determination that information...

46 CFR 503.51 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... § 503.51 Definitions. (a) Access means the ability or opportunity to gain knowledge of classified... authorized governmental function. (n) Original classification means an initial determination that information...

46 CFR 503.51 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... § 503.51 Definitions. (a) Access means the ability or opportunity to gain knowledge of classified... authorized governmental function. (n) Original classification means an initial determination that information...

46 CFR 503.51 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... § 503.51 Definitions. (a) Access means the ability or opportunity to gain knowledge of classified... authorized governmental function. (n) Original classification means an initial determination that information...

32 CFR 2001.92 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... value of data in them. Library and museum material made or acquired and preserved solely for reference...) Open storage area means an area constructed in accordance with § 2001.53 of this part and authorized by the agency head for open storage of classified information. (m) Original classification authority with...

32 CFR 2001.92 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... value of data in them. Library and museum material made or acquired and preserved solely for reference...) Open storage area means an area constructed in accordance with § 2001.53 of this part and authorized by the agency head for open storage of classified information. (m) Original classification authority with...

32 CFR 2001.92 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... value of data in them. Library and museum material made or acquired and preserved solely for reference...) Open storage area means an area constructed in accordance with § 2001.53 of this part and authorized by the agency head for open storage of classified information. (m) Original classification authority with...

[Classification and organization technologies in public health].

PubMed

Filatov, V B; Zhiliaeva, E P; Kal'fa, Iu I

2000-01-01

The authors discuss the impact and main characteristics of organization technologies in public health and the processes of their development and evaluation. They offer an original definition of the notion "organization technologies" with approaches to their classification. A system of logical bases is offered, which can be used for classification. These bases include the level of organization maturity and stage of development of organization technology, its destination to a certain level of management, type of influence and concentration of trend, mechanism of effect, functional group, and methods of development.

32 CFR 2800.6 - Delegation of classification and declassification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

.... 12065: (i) Staff Security Officer/Top Secret Control Officer. (ii) Assistant Staff Security Officer/Assistant Top Secret Control Officer. ... to originally classify and declassify information as “SECRET” and/or “CONFIDENTIAL”: (a) Chief of...

Cupping artifact correction and automated classification for high-resolution dedicated breast CT images.

PubMed

Yang, Xiaofeng; Wu, Shengyong; Sechopoulos, Ioannis; Fei, Baowei

2012-10-01

To develop and test an automated algorithm to classify the different tissues present in dedicated breast CT images. The original CT images are first corrected to overcome cupping artifacts, and then a multiscale bilateral filter is used to reduce noise while keeping edge information on the images. As skin and glandular tissues have similar CT values on breast CT images, morphologic processing is used to identify the skin mask based on its position information. A modified fuzzy C-means (FCM) classification method is then used to classify breast tissue as fat and glandular tissue. By combining the results of the skin mask with the FCM, the breast tissue is classified as skin, fat, and glandular tissue. To evaluate the authors' classification method, the authors use Dice overlap ratios to compare the results of the automated classification to those obtained by manual segmentation on eight patient images. The correction method was able to correct the cupping artifacts and improve the quality of the breast CT images. For glandular tissue, the overlap ratios between the authors' automatic classification and manual segmentation were 91.6% ± 2.0%. A cupping artifact correction method and an automatic classification method were applied and evaluated for high-resolution dedicated breast CT images. Breast tissue classification can provide quantitative measurements regarding breast composition, density, and tissue distribution.

5 CFR 1312.9 - Downgrading and declassification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., DOWNGRADING, DECLASSIFICATION AND SAFEGUARDING OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION Classification and Declassification of National Security Information § 1312.9 Downgrading and declassification. Classified information...-originated information is granted to those authorized to classify (See § 1312.5). Additionally, the Associate...

49 CFR 8.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... that information requires, in the interest of national security, protection against unauthorized... of protection, and the unauthorized disclosure of which could reasonably be expected to cause exceptionally grave damage to the national security that the original classification authority is able to...

32 CFR 2103.12 - Level of original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Level of original classification. 2103.12... DECLASSIFIED Original Classification § 2103.12 Level of original classification. Unnecessary classification, and classification at a level higher than is necessary, shall be avoided. If there is reasonable doubt...

Characteristics of Children with Phonologic Disorders of Unknown Origin.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shriberg, Lawrence D.; And Others

1986-01-01

Descriptive data are presented from three studies of children referred for assessment of developmental speech disorders. Group findings indicate involvements in mechanism, cognitive, and psychosocial areas. The reliability, learnability, and efficiency of a diagnostic classification system is also considered. (Author/CL)

28 CFR 17.29 - Documents of permanent historical value.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Documents of permanent historical value. 17.29 Section 17.29 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE CLASSIFIED NATIONAL SECURITY... historical value. The original classification authority, to the greatest extent possible, shall declassify...

14 CFR 1203.800 - Delegations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Delegations. 1203.800 Section 1203.800 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION INFORMATION SECURITY PROGRAM Delegation of Authority To Make Determinations in Original Classification Matters § 1203.800 Delegations. (a) The NASA...

Cross-Battery Assessment Pattern of Strengths and Weaknesses Approach to the Identification of Specific Learning Disorders: Evidence-Based Practice or Pseudoscience?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kranzler, John H.; Floyd, Randy G.; Benson, Nicholas; Zaboski, Brian; Thibodaux, Lia

2016-01-01

In this rejoinder, the authors describe the aim of the original study as an effort to conduct a critical test of an important postulate underlying the Cross-Battery Assessment PSW approach (XBA PSW; Kranzler, Floyd, Benson, Zaboski, & Thibodaux, this issue). The authors used classification agreement analysis to examine the concordance between…

32 CFR 2001.21 - Original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Original classification. 2001.21 Section 2001.21... Markings § 2001.21 Original classification. (a) Primary markings. At the time of original classification, the following shall be indicated in a manner that is immediately apparent: (1) Classification...

32 CFR 2001.21 - Original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Original classification. 2001.21 Section 2001.21... Markings § 2001.21 Original classification. (a) Primary markings. At the time of original classification, the following shall be indicated in a manner that is immediately apparent: (1) Classification...

32 CFR 2001.21 - Original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Original classification. 2001.21 Section 2001.21... Markings § 2001.21 Original classification. (a) Primary markings. At the time of original classification, the following shall be indicated in a manner that is immediately apparent: (1) Classification...

32 CFR 2001.21 - Original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Original classification. 2001.21 Section 2001.21... Markings § 2001.21 Original classification. (a) Primary markings. At the time of original classification, the following shall be indicated in a manner that is immediately apparent: (1) Classification...

22 CFR 9.4 - Original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Original classification. 9.4 Section 9.4... classification. (a) Definition. Original classification is the initial determination that certain information... classification. (b) Classification levels. (1) Top Secret shall be applied to information the unauthorized...

22 CFR 9.4 - Original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Original classification. 9.4 Section 9.4... classification. (a) Definition. Original classification is the initial determination that certain information... classification. (b) Classification levels. (1) Top Secret shall be applied to information the unauthorized...

22 CFR 9.4 - Original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Original classification. 9.4 Section 9.4... classification. (a) Definition. Original classification is the initial determination that certain information... classification. (b) Classification levels. (1) Top Secret shall be applied to information the unauthorized...

22 CFR 9.4 - Original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Original classification. 9.4 Section 9.4... classification. (a) Definition. Original classification is the initial determination that certain information... classification. (b) Classification levels. (1) Top Secret shall be applied to information the unauthorized...

19 CFR 201.44 - Procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... through 201.21). (2) Because the Commission does not have original classification authority and national... that have been classified “Secret” or “Confidential” with special dissemination orders may not be... of the terms “Top Secret”, “Secret”, and “Confidential” shall be limited to material classified for...

19 CFR 201.44 - Procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... through 201.21). (2) Because the Commission does not have original classification authority and national... that have been classified “Secret” or “Confidential” with special dissemination orders may not be... of the terms “Top Secret”, “Secret”, and “Confidential” shall be limited to material classified for...

19 CFR 201.44 - Procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... through 201.21). (2) Because the Commission does not have original classification authority and national... that have been classified “Secret” or “Confidential” with special dissemination orders may not be... of the terms “Top Secret”, “Secret”, and “Confidential” shall be limited to material classified for...

22 CFR 9.4 - Original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Original classification. 9.4 Section 9.4 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE GENERAL SECURITY INFORMATION REGULATIONS § 9.4 Original classification. (a) Definition. Original classification is the initial determination that certain information...

14 CFR § 1203.802 - Membership.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Membership. § 1203.802 Section § 1203.802 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION INFORMATION SECURITY PROGRAM Delegation of Authority To Make Determinations in Original Classification Matters § 1203.802 Membership. The Committee...

Design of an Aircrew Scheduling Decision Aid for the 6916th Electronic Security Squadron.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-06-01

Security Classification) Design of an Aircrew Scheduling Decision Aid for the 6916th Electronic Security Squadron 12. PERSONAL AUTHOR(S) Thomas J. Kopf...Because of the great number of possible scheduling alternatives, it is difficult to find an optimal solution to-the scheduling problem. Additionally...changes to the original schedule make it even more difficult to find an optimal solution. The emergence of capable microcompu- ters, decision support

"Facets" as Interdisciplinary Undiscovered Public Knowledge: S. R. Ranganathan in India and L. Guttman in Israel.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beghtol, Clare

1995-01-01

Examines the origins and parallel uses of the concept of "facet" in bibliographic classification theory and behavioral research. Suggests that social sciences in general were receptive to conceptual borrowing, but that library and information science as a discipline was relatively isolated. (contains 108 references) (Author/AEF)

17 CFR 200.505 - Original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Original classification. 200...; CONDUCT AND ETHICS; AND INFORMATION AND REQUESTS Classification and Declassification of National Security Information and Material § 200.505 Original classification. (a) No Commission Member or employee has the...

17 CFR 200.505 - Original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Original classification. 200...; CONDUCT AND ETHICS; AND INFORMATION AND REQUESTS Classification and Declassification of National Security Information and Material § 200.505 Original classification. (a) No Commission Member or employee has the...

17 CFR 200.505 - Original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Original classification. 200...; CONDUCT AND ETHICS; AND INFORMATION AND REQUESTS Classification and Declassification of National Security Information and Material § 200.505 Original classification. (a) No Commission Member or employee has the...

17 CFR 200.505 - Original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Original classification. 200...; CONDUCT AND ETHICS; AND INFORMATION AND REQUESTS Classification and Declassification of National Security Information and Material § 200.505 Original classification. (a) No Commission Member or employee has the...

Anxiety as an enhancing phenomenon in origin of stress, CAN and PTSD in disabled children. Contribution to the ICD-10 re-classification.

PubMed

Cinovský, K; Skodácek, Igor

2008-02-01

This paper studies the contribution of anxiety in origin of functional behavioural disorders of children. The intense sensing of anxiety attributes to the shaping of one's personality. Adaptation and adjustment, accommodation and assimilation to stressful conditions producing anxiety are analyzed. There are diagnosed reactions of organism to the circumstances of the CAN syndrome and trauma. In these circumstances, a primary perception of reality is at stake that consequently leads to sociopathological features. This paper also provides the authors' opinions of psychoanalytical and behavioural schools on origin of personal decompensation and neurotic disorders. Causes of panic disorder and other diseases, in which a stress trauma plays a role, are considered. For these reasons the authors suggest classifying the CAN syndrome as a separate nosologic unit in the future ICD-11.

The Origin of Exemplar Effects in Rule-Driven Categorization

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lacroix, Guy L.; Giguere, Gyslain; Larochelle, Serge

2005-01-01

S. W. Allen and L. R. Brooks (1991) have shown that exemplar memory can affect categorization even when participants are provided with a classification rule. G. Regehr and L. R. Brooks (1993) argued that stimuli must be individuated for such effects to occur. In this study, the authors further analyze the conditions that yield exemplar effects in…

Henry Evelyn Bliss--The Other Immortal, or a Prophet without Honour?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Broughton, Vanda

2008-01-01

The paper takes a retrospective look at the work of Henry Evelyn Bliss, classificationist theorist and author of the "Bibliographic Classification". Major features of his writings and philosophy are examined and evaluated for the originality of their contribution to the corpus of knowledge in the discipline. Reactions to Bliss's work are analysed,…

Classification schemes for knowledge translation interventions: a practical resource for researchers.

PubMed

Slaughter, Susan E; Zimmermann, Gabrielle L; Nuspl, Megan; Hanson, Heather M; Albrecht, Lauren; Esmail, Rosmin; Sauro, Khara; Newton, Amanda S; Donald, Maoliosa; Dyson, Michele P; Thomson, Denise; Hartling, Lisa

2017-12-06

As implementation science advances, the number of interventions to promote the translation of evidence into healthcare, health systems, or health policy is growing. Accordingly, classification schemes for these knowledge translation (KT) interventions have emerged. A recent scoping review identified 51 classification schemes of KT interventions to integrate evidence into healthcare practice; however, the review did not evaluate the quality of the classification schemes or provide detailed information to assist researchers in selecting a scheme for their context and purpose. This study aimed to further examine and assess the quality of these classification schemes of KT interventions, and provide information to aid researchers when selecting a classification scheme. We abstracted the following information from each of the original 51 classification scheme articles: authors' objectives; purpose of the scheme and field of application; socioecologic level (individual, organizational, community, system); adaptability (broad versus specific); target group (patients, providers, policy-makers), intent (policy, education, practice), and purpose (dissemination versus implementation). Two reviewers independently evaluated the methodological quality of the development of each classification scheme using an adapted version of the AGREE II tool. Based on these assessments, two independent reviewers reached consensus about whether to recommend each scheme for researcher use, or not. Of the 51 original classification schemes, we excluded seven that were not specific classification schemes, not accessible or duplicates. Of the remaining 44 classification schemes, nine were not recommended. Of the 35 recommended classification schemes, ten focused on behaviour change and six focused on population health. Many schemes (n = 29) addressed practice considerations. Fewer schemes addressed educational or policy objectives. Twenty-five classification schemes had broad applicability, six were specific, and four had elements of both. Twenty-three schemes targeted health providers, nine targeted both patients and providers and one targeted policy-makers. Most classification schemes were intended for implementation rather than dissemination. Thirty-five classification schemes of KT interventions were developed and reported with sufficient rigour to be recommended for use by researchers interested in KT in healthcare. Our additional categorization and quality analysis will aid in selecting suitable classification schemes for research initiatives in the field of implementation science.

Radiographic classifications in Perthes disease

PubMed Central

Huhnstock, Stefan; Svenningsen, Svein; Merckoll, Else; Catterall, Anthony; Terjesen, Terje; Wiig, Ola

2017-01-01

Background and purpose Different radiographic classifications have been proposed for prediction of outcome in Perthes disease. We assessed whether the modified lateral pillar classification would provide more reliable interobserver agreement and prognostic value compared with the original lateral pillar classification and the Catterall classification. Patients and methods 42 patients (38 boys) with Perthes disease were included in the interobserver study. Their mean age at diagnosis was 6.5 (3–11) years. 5 observers classified the radiographs in 2 separate sessions according to the Catterall classification, the original and the modified lateral pillar classifications. Interobserver agreement was analysed using weighted kappa statistics. We assessed the associations between the classifications and femoral head sphericity at 5-year follow-up in 37 non-operatively treated patients in a crosstable analysis (Gamma statistics for ordinal variables, γ). Results The original lateral pillar and Catterall classifications showed moderate interobserver agreement (kappa 0.49 and 0.43, respectively) while the modified lateral pillar classification had fair agreement (kappa 0.40). The original lateral pillar classification was strongly associated with the 5-year radiographic outcome, with a mean γ correlation coefficient of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.61–0.95) among the 5 observers. The modified lateral pillar and Catterall classifications showed moderate associations (mean γ correlation coefficient 0.55 [95% CI: 0.38–0.66] and 0.64 [95% CI: 0.57–0.72], respectively). Interpretation The Catterall classification and the original lateral pillar classification had sufficient interobserver agreement and association to late radiographic outcome to be suitable for clinical use. Adding the borderline B/C group did not increase the interobserver agreement or prognostic value of the original lateral pillar classification. PMID:28613966

7 CFR 27.60 - When original request deemed withdrawn.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false When original request deemed withdrawn. 27.60 Section... Classification § 27.60 When original request deemed withdrawn. If the period of 30 days specified in § 27.58... to have withdrawn the original request for the classification of such cotton. Classification Reviews...

32 CFR 2700.13 - Duration of original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Duration of original classification. 2700.13 Section 2700.13 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense OFFICE FOR MICRONESIAN STATUS NEGOTIATIONS SECURITY INFORMATION REGULATIONS Original Classification § 2700.13 Duration of...

32 CFR 2700.12 - Criteria for and level of original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... classification are authorized—“Top Secret,” “Secret,” “Confidential.” No other classification designation is... classification. 2700.12 Section 2700.12 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense OFFICE FOR MICRONESIAN STATUS NEGOTIATIONS SECURITY INFORMATION REGULATIONS Original Classification § 2700.12...

32 CFR 2700.12 - Criteria for and level of original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... classification are authorized—“Top Secret,” “Secret,” “Confidential.” No other classification designation is... classification. 2700.12 Section 2700.12 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense OFFICE FOR MICRONESIAN STATUS NEGOTIATIONS SECURITY INFORMATION REGULATIONS Original Classification § 2700.12...

32 CFR 2700.12 - Criteria for and level of original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... classification are authorized—“Top Secret,” “Secret,” “Confidential.” No other classification designation is... classification. 2700.12 Section 2700.12 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense OFFICE FOR MICRONESIAN STATUS NEGOTIATIONS SECURITY INFORMATION REGULATIONS Original Classification § 2700.12...

Automatic classification of ovarian cancer types from cytological images using deep convolutional neural networks.

PubMed

Wu, Miao; Yan, Chuanbo; Liu, Huiqiang; Liu, Qian

2018-06-29

Ovarian cancer is one of the most common gynecologic malignancies. Accurate classification of ovarian cancer types (serous carcinoma, mucous carcinoma, endometrioid carcinoma, transparent cell carcinoma) is an essential part in the different diagnosis. Computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) can provide useful advice for pathologists to determine the diagnosis correctly. In our study, we employed a Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) based on AlexNet to automatically classify the different types of ovarian cancers from cytological images. The DCNN consists of five convolutional layers, three max pooling layers, and two full reconnect layers. Then we trained the model by two group input data separately, one was original image data and the other one was augmented image data including image enhancement and image rotation. The testing results are obtained by the method of 10-fold cross-validation, showing that the accuracy of classification models has been improved from 72.76 to 78.20% by using augmented images as training data. The developed scheme was useful for classifying ovarian cancers from cytological images. © 2018 The Author(s).

32 CFR 2700.13 - Duration of original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... STATUS NEGOTIATIONS SECURITY INFORMATION REGULATIONS Original Classification § 2700.13 Duration of original classification. (a) Information or material which is classified after December 1, 1978, shall be... declassification. This date or event shall be as early as national security permits and shall be no more than six...

Classification of Brazilian and foreign gasolines adulterated with alcohol using infrared spectroscopy.

PubMed

da Silva, Neirivaldo C; Pimentel, Maria Fernanda; Honorato, Ricardo S; Talhavini, Marcio; Maldaner, Adriano O; Honorato, Fernanda A

2015-08-01

The smuggling of products across the border regions of many countries is a practice to be fought. Brazilian authorities are increasingly worried about the illicit trade of fuels along the frontiers of the country. In order to confirm this as a crime, the Federal Police must have a means of identifying the origin of the fuel. This work describes the development of a rapid and nondestructive methodology to classify gasoline as to its origin (Brazil, Venezuela and Peru), using infrared spectroscopy and multivariate classification. Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) and Soft Independent Modeling Class Analogy (SIMCA) models were built. Direct standardization (DS) was employed aiming to standardize the spectra obtained in different laboratories of the border units of the Federal Police. Two approaches were considered in this work: (1) local and (2) global classification models. When using Approach 1, the PLS-DA achieved 100% correct classification, and the deviation of the predicted values for the secondary instrument considerably decreased after performing DS. In this case, SIMCA models were not efficient in the classification, even after standardization. Using a global model (Approach 2), both PLS-DA and SIMCA techniques were effective after performing DS. Considering that real situations may involve questioned samples from other nations (such as Peru), the SIMCA method developed according to Approach 2 is a more adequate, since the sample will be classified neither as Brazil nor Venezuelan. This methodology could be applied to other forensic problems involving the chemical classification of a product, provided that a specific modeling is performed. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

46 CFR 8.330 - Termination of classification society authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Termination of classification society authority. 8.330... classification society authority. (a) The Coast Guard may terminate an authorization agreement with a classification society if: (1) The Commandant revokes the classification society's recognition, as specified in...

46 CFR 8.330 - Termination of classification society authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Termination of classification society authority. 8.330... classification society authority. (a) The Coast Guard may terminate an authorization agreement with a classification society if: (1) The Commandant revokes the classification society's recognition, as specified in...

46 CFR 8.320 - Classification society authorization to issue international certificates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Classification society authorization to issue... Classification society authorization to issue international certificates. (a) The Commandant may authorize a recognized classification society to issue certain international convention certificates. Authorization will...

46 CFR 8.320 - Classification society authorization to issue international certificates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... classification society authorized to issue international convention certificates. This agreement will define the... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Classification society authorization to issue... Classification society authorization to issue international certificates. (a) The Commandant may authorize a...

Study of the atmospheric effects on the radiation detected by the sensor aboard orbiting platforms (ERTS/LANDSAT). M.S. Thesis - October 1978; [Ribeirao Preto and Brasilia, Brazil

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dejesusparada, N. (Principal Investigator); Morimoto, T.

1980-01-01

The author has identified the following significant results. Multispectral scanner data for Brasilia was corrected for atmospheric interference using the LOWTRAN-3 computer program and the analytical solution of the radiative transfer equation. This improved the contrast between two natural targets and the corrected images of two different dates were more similar than the original ones. Corrected images of MSS data for Ribeirao Preto gave a classification accuracy for sugar cane about 10% higher as compared to the original images.

46 CFR 8.450 - Termination of classification society authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Termination of classification society authority. 8.450... VESSEL INSPECTION ALTERNATIVES Alternate Compliance Program § 8.450 Termination of classification society authority. (a) The Coast Guard may terminate an authorization agreement with a classification society to...

33 CFR 157.04 - Authorization of classification societies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Authorization of classification... CARRYING OIL IN BULK General § 157.04 Authorization of classification societies. (a) The Coast Guard may authorize any classification society (CS) to perform certain plan reviews, certifications, and inspections...

33 CFR 157.04 - Authorization of classification societies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Authorization of classification... CARRYING OIL IN BULK General § 157.04 Authorization of classification societies. (a) The Coast Guard may authorize any classification society (CS) to perform certain plan reviews, certifications, and inspections...

46 CFR 8.450 - Termination of classification society authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Termination of classification society authority. 8.450... VESSEL INSPECTION ALTERNATIVES Alternate Compliance Program § 8.450 Termination of classification society authority. (a) The Coast Guard may terminate an authorization agreement with a classification society to...

46 CFR 8.420 - Classification society authorization to participate in the Alternate Compliance Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Classification society authorization to participate in... § 8.420 Classification society authorization to participate in the Alternate Compliance Program. (a) The Commandant may authorize a recognized classification society to participate in the ACP...

15 CFR 4a.4 - Classification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Classification authority. 4a.4 Section 4a.4 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce CLASSIFICATION, DECLASSIFICATION, AND PUBLIC AVAILABILITY OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION § 4a.4 Classification authority. Authority to...

15 CFR 4a.4 - Classification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Classification authority. 4a.4 Section 4a.4 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce CLASSIFICATION, DECLASSIFICATION, AND PUBLIC AVAILABILITY OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION § 4a.4 Classification authority. Authority to...

15 CFR 4a.4 - Classification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Classification authority. 4a.4 Section 4a.4 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce CLASSIFICATION, DECLASSIFICATION, AND PUBLIC AVAILABILITY OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION § 4a.4 Classification authority. Authority to...

15 CFR 4a.4 - Classification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Classification authority. 4a.4 Section 4a.4 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce CLASSIFICATION, DECLASSIFICATION, AND PUBLIC AVAILABILITY OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION § 4a.4 Classification authority. Authority to...

15 CFR 4a.4 - Classification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Classification authority. 4a.4 Section 4a.4 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce CLASSIFICATION, DECLASSIFICATION, AND PUBLIC AVAILABILITY OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION § 4a.4 Classification authority. Authority to...

46 CFR 8.420 - Classification society authorization to participate in the Alternate Compliance Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Classification society authorization to participate in... § 8.420 Classification society authorization to participate in the Alternate Compliance Program. (a) The Commandant may authorize a recognized classification society to participate in the ACP...

Scientific names of organisms: attribution, rights, and licensing

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background As biological disciplines extend into the ‘big data’ world, they will need a names-based infrastructure to index and interconnect distributed data. The infrastructure must have access to all names of all organisms if it is to manage all information. Those who compile lists of species hold different views as to the intellectual property rights that apply to the lists. This creates uncertainty that impedes the development of a much-needed infrastructure for sharing biological data in the digital world. Findings The laws in the United States of America and European Union are consistent with the position that scientific names of organisms and their compilation in checklists, classifications or taxonomic revisions are not subject to copyright. Compilations of names, such as classifications or checklists, are not creative in the sense of copyright law. Many content providers desire credit for their efforts. Conclusions A ‘blue list’ identifies elements of checklists, classifications and monographs to which intellectual property rights do not apply. To promote sharing, authors of taxonomic content, compilers, intermediaries, and aggregators should receive citable recognition for their contributions, with the greatest recognition being given to the originating authors. Mechanisms for achieving this are discussed. PMID:24495358

32 CFR 2001.14 - Classification challenges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Classification challenges. 2001.14 Section 2001... Classification § 2001.14 Classification challenges. (a) Challenging classification. Authorized holders, including authorized holders outside the classifying agency, who want to challenge the classification status of...

32 CFR 2001.14 - Classification challenges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Classification challenges. 2001.14 Section 2001... Classification § 2001.14 Classification challenges. (a) Challenging classification. Authorized holders, including authorized holders outside the classifying agency, who want to challenge the classification status of...

32 CFR 2001.14 - Classification challenges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Classification challenges. 2001.14 Section 2001... Classification § 2001.14 Classification challenges. (a) Challenging classification. Authorized holders, including authorized holders outside the classifying agency, who want to challenge the classification status of...

32 CFR 2001.14 - Classification challenges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Classification challenges. 2001.14 Section 2001... Classification § 2001.14 Classification challenges. (a) Challenging classification. Authorized holders, including authorized holders outside the classifying agency, who want to challenge the classification status of...

Metabolomics for organic food authentication: Results from a long-term field study in carrots.

PubMed

Cubero-Leon, Elena; De Rudder, Olivier; Maquet, Alain

2018-01-15

Increasing demand for organic products and their premium prices make them an attractive target for fraudulent malpractices. In this study, a large-scale comparative metabolomics approach was applied to investigate the effect of the agronomic production system on the metabolite composition of carrots and to build statistical models for prediction purposes. Orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was applied successfully to predict the origin of the agricultural system of the harvested carrots on the basis of features determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. When the training set used to build the OPLS-DA models contained samples representative of each harvest year, the models were able to classify unknown samples correctly (100% correct classification). If a harvest year was left out of the training sets and used for predictions, the correct classification rates achieved ranged from 76% to 100%. The results therefore highlight the potential of metabolomic fingerprinting for organic food authentication purposes. Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Dental chapters of Serefeddin Sabuncuoglu's (1385-1468?) illustrated surgical book Cerrahiyyetu'l Haniyye.

PubMed

Uzel, I

1997-11-01

From the 7th to the 11th centuries Arabic authors translated ancient Greek and Roman medical textbooks into their own languages. In the 11th and 12th centuries, noted authors used these early translations when writing other classical texts. One of these was that of the Andalusian surgeon, Albulcasis (936-1013), whose famous work is entitled, at-Tasrif (4,6). It has been used as a reference book for centuries and was translated into Latin in the 15th century and into Turkish by me when I discovered a manuscript of it in the Manisa Library in Turkey (14). The best interpreter of it, however, was Serefeddin Sabuncuoglu (1365-1468). He used the classification of at-Tasrif, but improved on it by adding original observations and three original chapters. His book is entitled, Cerrahiyyetu'l Haniyye which means The Imperial Surgery (15).

34 CFR 222.8 - What action must an applicant take upon a change in its boundary, classification, control...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... boundary, classification, control, governing authority, or identity? 222.8 Section 222.8 Education... in its boundary, classification, control, governing authority, or identity? (a) Any applicant that is... its boundaries, classification, control, governing authority, or identity must provide the following...

12 CFR 403.3 - Classification principles and authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Classification principles and authority. 403.3..., AND SAFEGUARDING OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION § 403.3 Classification principles and authority. (a) Classification Principles. (1) Except as provided in the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, the Order...

34 CFR 222.8 - What action must an applicant take upon a change in its boundary, classification, control...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... boundary, classification, control, governing authority, or identity? 222.8 Section 222.8 Education... in its boundary, classification, control, governing authority, or identity? (a) Any applicant that is... its boundaries, classification, control, governing authority, or identity must provide the following...

34 CFR 222.8 - What action must an applicant take upon a change in its boundary, classification, control...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... boundary, classification, control, governing authority, or identity? 222.8 Section 222.8 Education... in its boundary, classification, control, governing authority, or identity? (a) Any applicant that is... its boundaries, classification, control, governing authority, or identity must provide the following...

34 CFR 222.8 - What action must an applicant take upon a change in its boundary, classification, control...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... boundary, classification, control, governing authority, or identity? 222.8 Section 222.8 Education... in its boundary, classification, control, governing authority, or identity? (a) Any applicant that is... its boundaries, classification, control, governing authority, or identity must provide the following...

34 CFR 222.8 - What action must an applicant take upon a change in its boundary, classification, control...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... boundary, classification, control, governing authority, or identity? 222.8 Section 222.8 Education... in its boundary, classification, control, governing authority, or identity? (a) Any applicant that is... its boundaries, classification, control, governing authority, or identity must provide the following...

Cupping artifact correction and automated classification for high-resolution dedicated breast CT images

PubMed Central

Yang, Xiaofeng; Wu, Shengyong; Sechopoulos, Ioannis; Fei, Baowei

2012-01-01

Purpose: To develop and test an automated algorithm to classify the different tissues present in dedicated breast CT images. Methods: The original CT images are first corrected to overcome cupping artifacts, and then a multiscale bilateral filter is used to reduce noise while keeping edge information on the images. As skin and glandular tissues have similar CT values on breast CT images, morphologic processing is used to identify the skin mask based on its position information. A modified fuzzy C-means (FCM) classification method is then used to classify breast tissue as fat and glandular tissue. By combining the results of the skin mask with the FCM, the breast tissue is classified as skin, fat, and glandular tissue. To evaluate the authors’ classification method, the authors use Dice overlap ratios to compare the results of the automated classification to those obtained by manual segmentation on eight patient images. Results: The correction method was able to correct the cupping artifacts and improve the quality of the breast CT images. For glandular tissue, the overlap ratios between the authors’ automatic classification and manual segmentation were 91.6% ± 2.0%. Conclusions: A cupping artifact correction method and an automatic classification method were applied and evaluated for high-resolution dedicated breast CT images. Breast tissue classification can provide quantitative measurements regarding breast composition, density, and tissue distribution. PMID:23039675

14 CFR 1203.412 - Classification guides.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Classification guides. 1203.412 Section... PROGRAM Guides for Original Classification § 1203.412 Classification guides. (a) General. A classification guide, based upon classification determinations made by appropriate program and classification...

14 CFR 1203.412 - Classification guides.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Classification guides. 1203.412 Section... PROGRAM Guides for Original Classification § 1203.412 Classification guides. (a) General. A classification guide, based upon classification determinations made by appropriate program and classification...

A newly developed tool for classifying study designs in systematic reviews of interventions and exposures showed substantial reliability and validity.

PubMed

Seo, Hyun-Ju; Kim, Soo Young; Lee, Yoon Jae; Jang, Bo-Hyoung; Park, Ji-Eun; Sheen, Seung-Soo; Hahn, Seo Kyung

2016-02-01

To develop a study Design Algorithm for Medical Literature on Intervention (DAMI) and test its interrater reliability, construct validity, and ease of use. We developed and then revised the DAMI to include detailed instructions. To test the DAMI's reliability, we used a purposive sample of 134 primary, mainly nonrandomized studies. We then compared the study designs as classified by the original authors and through the DAMI. Unweighted kappa statistics were computed to test interrater reliability and construct validity based on the level of agreement between the original and DAMI classifications. Assessment time was also recorded to evaluate ease of use. The DAMI includes 13 study designs, including experimental and observational studies of interventions and exposure. Both the interrater reliability (unweighted kappa = 0.67; 95% CI [0.64-0.75]) and construct validity (unweighted kappa = 0.63, 95% CI [0.52-0.67]) were substantial. Mean classification time using the DAMI was 4.08 ± 2.44 minutes (range, 0.51-10.92). The DAMI showed substantial interrater reliability and construct validity. Furthermore, given its ease of use, it could be used to accurately classify medical literature for systematic reviews of interventions although minimizing disagreement between authors of such reviews. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

32 CFR 2001.15 - Classification guides.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Classification guides. 2001.15 Section 2001.15..., NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION CLASSIFIED NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION Classification § 2001.15 Classification guides. (a) Preparation of classification guides. Originators of classification...

32 CFR 2001.15 - Classification guides.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Classification guides. 2001.15 Section 2001.15..., NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION CLASSIFIED NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION Classification § 2001.15 Classification guides. (a) Preparation of classification guides. Originators of classification...

32 CFR 2001.15 - Classification guides.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Classification guides. 2001.15 Section 2001.15..., NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION CLASSIFIED NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION Classification § 2001.15 Classification guides. (a) Preparation of classification guides. Originators of classification...

32 CFR 2001.15 - Classification guides.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Classification guides. 2001.15 Section 2001.15..., NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION CLASSIFIED NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION Classification § 2001.15 Classification guides. (a) Preparation of classification guides. Originators of classification...

32 CFR 2001.15 - Classification guides.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Classification guides. 2001.15 Section 2001.15..., NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION CLASSIFIED NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION Classification § 2001.15 Classification guides. (a) Preparation of classification guides. Originators of classification...

14 CFR § 1203.412 - Classification guides.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Classification guides. § 1203.412 Section... PROGRAM Guides for Original Classification § 1203.412 Classification guides. (a) General. A classification guide, based upon classification determinations made by appropriate program and classification...

45 CFR 601.2 - Classification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CLASSIFICATION AND DECLASSIFICATION OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION § 601.2 Classification authority. The... a Foundation employee develops information that appears to warrant classification because of its...

45 CFR 601.2 - Classification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CLASSIFICATION AND DECLASSIFICATION OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION § 601.2 Classification authority. The... a Foundation employee develops information that appears to warrant classification because of its...

45 CFR 601.2 - Classification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CLASSIFICATION AND DECLASSIFICATION OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION § 601.2 Classification authority. The... a Foundation employee develops information that appears to warrant classification because of its...

45 CFR 601.2 - Classification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CLASSIFICATION AND DECLASSIFICATION OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION § 601.2 Classification authority. The... a Foundation employee develops information that appears to warrant classification because of its...

45 CFR 601.2 - Classification authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CLASSIFICATION AND DECLASSIFICATION OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION § 601.2 Classification authority. The... a Foundation employee develops information that appears to warrant classification because of its...

36 CFR 1260.72 - Can previously released White House originated information be reclassified or have its...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... House originated information be reclassified or have its classification restored? 1260.72 Section 1260... DECLASSIFICATION OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION Reclassification § 1260.72 Can previously released White House... close, review, and possibly reclassify or restore the classification of White House originated...

36 CFR 1260.72 - Can previously released White House originated information be reclassified or have its...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... House originated information be reclassified or have its classification restored? 1260.72 Section 1260... DECLASSIFICATION OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION Reclassification § 1260.72 Can previously released White House... close, review, and possibly reclassify or restore the classification of White House originated...

19 CFR 102.20 - Specific rules by tariff classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Specific rules by tariff classification. 102.20 Section 102.20 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY RULES OF ORIGIN Rules of Origin § 102.20 Specific rules by tariff classification. The following rules are the rules specified...

19 CFR 102.20 - Specific rules by tariff classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Specific rules by tariff classification. 102.20 Section 102.20 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY RULES OF ORIGIN Rules of Origin § 102.20 Specific rules by tariff classification. The following rules are the rules specified...

19 CFR 102.20 - Specific rules by tariff classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Specific rules by tariff classification. 102.20 Section 102.20 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY RULES OF ORIGIN Rules of Origin § 102.20 Specific rules by tariff classification. The following rules are the rules specified...

Multivariate Classification of Original and Fake Perfumes by Ion Analysis and Ethanol Content.

PubMed

Gomes, Clêrton L; de Lima, Ari Clecius A; Loiola, Adonay R; da Silva, Abel B R; Cândido, Manuela C L; Nascimento, Ronaldo F

2016-07-01

The increased marketing of fake perfumes has encouraged us to investigate how to identify such products by their chemical characteristics and multivariate analysis. The aim of this study was to present an alternative approach to distinguish original from fake perfumes by means of the investigation of sodium, potassium, chloride ions, and ethanol contents by chemometric tools. For this, 50 perfumes were used (25 original and 25 counterfeit) for the analysis of ions (ion chromatography) and ethanol (gas chromatography). The results demonstrated that the fake perfume had low levels of ethanol and high levels of chloride compared to the original product. The data were treated by chemometric tools such as principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis. This study proved that the analysis of ethanol is an effective method of distinguishing original from the fake products, and it may potentially be used to assist legal authorities in such cases. © 2016 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.

Topic Detection in Online Chat

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-09-01

CODE 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF REPORT Unclassified 18 . SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE Unclassified 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION...Documents and Author-Author Documents—Radial Kernel. .............. 66 Figure 18 . Classifiers Results: LDA Models Created by Textbook-Author...Trained on Two Classes............................................................................................... 72 Table 18 . Maximum

12 CFR 403.4 - Derivative classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... SAFEGUARDING OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION § 403.4 Derivative classification. (a) Use of derivative classification. (1) Unlike original classification which is an initial determination, derivative classification... 12 Banks and Banking 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Derivative classification. 403.4 Section 403.4...

Synoptic Aspects of the Climate of Japan: A Preliminary Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1945-08-01

COPY TO* €AJD0» L1 tQISffiiBUTIoN LWTEB TO; COPJ?S OSTA1NA3LE FRO«; SPECIAL JHSTßUCTIONS: ’ UK CADO CONTROL HO: US CLASSIFICATION: ATI NO...confidential Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Distribution authorized to DoD only; Administrative/Operational Use ; AUG 1945. Other...FILED UNDER: ORIGINAL LOAN RETURNED TO OWNER (DATE): CAPO CONTROL NO: ATI NO: ABSTRACT 7092k INSPECTED BY: CAÖO-D1 CADO-Pi CAD0-P2, US CAD0

32 CFR 2001.12 - Duration of classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Duration of classification. 2001.12 Section 2001... Classification § 2001.12 Duration of classification. (a) Determining duration of classification for information originally classified under the Order—(1) Establishing duration of classification. Except for information...

32 CFR 2001.12 - Duration of classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Duration of classification. 2001.12 Section 2001... Classification § 2001.12 Duration of classification. (a) Determining duration of classification for information originally classified under the Order—(1) Establishing duration of classification. Except for information...

32 CFR 2001.12 - Duration of classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Duration of classification. 2001.12 Section 2001... Classification § 2001.12 Duration of classification. (a) Determining duration of classification for information originally classified under the Order—(1) Establishing duration of classification. Except for information...

Effects of two classification strategies on a Benthic Community Index for streams in the Northern Lakes and Forests Ecoregion

USGS Publications Warehouse

Butcher, Jason T.; Stewart, Paul M.; Simon, Thomas P.

2003-01-01

Ninety-four sites were used to analyze the effects of two different classification strategies on the Benthic Community Index (BCI). The first, a priori classification, reflected the wetland status of the streams; the second, a posteriori classification, used a bio-environmental analysis to select classification variables. Both classifications were examined by measuring classification strength and testing differences in metric values with respect to group membership. The a priori (wetland) classification strength (83.3%) was greater than the a posteriori (bio-environmental) classification strength (76.8%). Both classifications found one metric that had significant differences between groups. The original index was modified to reflect the wetland classification by re-calibrating the scoring criteria for percent Crustacea and Mollusca. A proposed refinement to the original Benthic Community Index is suggested. This study shows the importance of using hypothesis-driven classifications, as well as exploratory statistical analysis, to evaluate alternative ways to reveal environmental variability in biological assessment tools.

A proposal to improve clarity and communication in the EU Classification process for chemicals for carcinogenicity and reproductive and developmental toxicity.

PubMed

Doe, J E

2014-10-01

There is an issue in the EU classification of substances for carcinogenicity and for reproductive or developmental toxicity which has brought difficulties to those involved in the process. The issue lies in the inability of the classification system to distinguish between carcinogens and reproductive toxicants with different levels of concern. This has its origins in the early years of toxicology when it was thought that a relatively small number of chemicals would be either carcinogens or reproductive toxicants, but this has turned out not to be the case. This can cause problems in communicating to the users of chemicals, including the public, the nature of the hazard presented by chemicals. Processes have been developed within the classification system for setting specific concentration limits which assess the degree of hazard for carcinogens and reproductive toxicants as high, medium or low. However these categories are not otherwise used in classification. It is proposed that their wider use would bring the advantages of transparency, clarity of communication, certainty of the process and would allow chemicals with a high degree of hazard to be identified and managed in an appropriate way. Copyright © 2014. The Authors. Journal of Applied Toxicology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

14 CFR 1203.406 - Additional classification factors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... PROGRAM Guides for Original Classification § 1203.406 Additional classification factors. In determining the appropriate classification category, the following additional factors should be considered: (a... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Additional classification factors. 1203.406...

The hypospadias classification affected the surgical outcomes of staged oral mucosa graft urethroplasty in hypospadias reoperation: An observational study.

PubMed

Zheng, Dachao; Fu, Shi; Li, Wenji; Xie, Minkai; Guo, Jianhua; Yao, Haijun; Wang, Zhong

2017-11-01

The staged graft urethroplasty is a recommended technique for repairing complex hypospadias. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the outcomes of this technique in hypospadias patients undergoing reoperation and to analyze the underlying contributing factors including age, meatus location, and graft and suture type.We retrospectively analyzed 40 hypospadias patients undergoing reoperation who received a staged oral graft urethroplasty, including 15 buccal mucosal grafts and 25 lingual mucosal grafts. Median age at presentation was 18.5 years, and median follow-up was 17.5 months (range 8-30 months). The patients were classified according to their original meatus location.Twenty-five complications developed in 12 of 40 (30%) cases, including 6 fistulas (15%), 7 infections (17.5%), 9 cases of glans dehiscence (22.5%), and 3 cases of stenosis (7.5%). There was no significant difference in the overall complication rates between prepuberty and postpuberty groups. In addition, no significant difference in complications was found between the 2 graft techniques. The complications were significantly higher in the original perineal type compared with the original penoscrotal type (7/10 vs 5/30, P = .0031). Seven patients who originally had perineal hypospadias developed multiple complications.Based on this study, the staged graft urethroplasty is an effective technique in reoperative hypospadias repairs with reasonable complication risk. The hypospadias classification affects the surgical outcomes. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

76 FR 5375 - Submission for OMB Review; Request for Authorization of Additional Classification and Rate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-31

... for Authorization of Additional Classification and Rate, Standard Form 1444 AGENCIES: Department of... Request for Authorization of Additional Classification and Rate, Standard Form 1444. A notice published in... personal and/or business confidential information provided. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Ms. Clare...

12 CFR 403.3 - Classification principles and authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... to any document is limited as follows and is nondelegable: Classification Classifier CONFIDENTIAL... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Classification principles and authority. 403.3 Section 403.3 Banks and Banking EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF THE UNITED STATES CLASSIFICATION, DECLASSIFICATION...

12 CFR 403.3 - Classification principles and authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... to any document is limited as follows and is nondelegable: Classification Classifier CONFIDENTIAL... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Classification principles and authority. 403.3 Section 403.3 Banks and Banking EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF THE UNITED STATES CLASSIFICATION, DECLASSIFICATION...

12 CFR 403.3 - Classification principles and authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... to any document is limited as follows and is nondelegable: Classification Classifier CONFIDENTIAL... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Classification principles and authority. 403.3 Section 403.3 Banks and Banking EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF THE UNITED STATES CLASSIFICATION, DECLASSIFICATION...

Cadaveric and radiologic study of the anatomical variations of the prostatic arteries: A review of the literature and a new classification proposal with application to prostatectomy.

PubMed

Moya, Celia; Cuesta, Julián; Friera, Alfonsina; Gil-Vernet Sedó, Jose María; Valderrama-Canales, Francisco J

2017-01-01

Development of prostatic arterial embolization (PAE) to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) has raised interest in the variations of the prostatic arteries (PA). The aim of this study is to identify these vascular variations, to compare them with previous data, and to propose a simple classification. Ten adult male pelvis sides from embalmed cadavers were dissected, ages 69 to 92 years, and 10 PA were examined. In a retrospective analysis of 34 DSA pelvic angiographies on 28 patients aged 50 to 90 years, 48 PA were identified. A total of 58 PA were therefore analyzed. Six types are defined. Type I: PA originates from the anterior division (AD) of the internal iliac artery (IIA), 20.7%; Type II: PA emerges from the obturator artery (OA), 5.2%; type III: PA arises from the gluteal-pudendal trunk (GPT), 27.5%; Type IV: PA originates from the internal pudendal artery (IPA), 29.3%; Type V: PA comes from the middle rectal artery (MRA), 15.5%. Other origins, not observed in our sample but described in the literature, were amalgamated under Type VI. The AD/GPT/IPA stem is the main source of the PA. Analysis of the definitions of IIA branches and the associated terminology is necessary for interpreting the results reported by several authors on different samples, but in general the results fit the meta-analysis well. A new, simple, and complete classification for vascular variations of the PA is proposed. Clin. Anat. 30:71-80, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Epilepsy in twins: insights from unique historical data of William Lennox.

PubMed

Vadlamudi, L; Andermann, E; Lombroso, C T; Schachter, S C; Milne, R L; Hopper, J L; Andermann, F; Berkovic, S F

2004-04-13

To classify the Lennox twin pairs according to modern epilepsy classifications, use the classic twin model to identify which epilepsy syndromes have an inherited component, search for evidence of syndrome-specific genes, and compare concordances from Lennox's series with a contemporary Australian series. Following review of Lennox's original files describing twins with seizures from 1934 through 1958, the International League Against Epilepsy classifications of seizures and epileptic syndromes were applied to 169 pairs. Monozygous (MZ) and dizygous (DZ) pairs were subdivided into epilepsy syndromes and casewise concordances estimated. The authors excluded 26 pairs, with 71 MZ and 72 DZ pairs remaining. Seizure analysis demonstrated strong parallels between contemporary seizure classification and Lennox's terminology. Epilepsy syndrome diagnoses were made in 75%. The MZ and DZ casewise concordance estimates gave strong evidence for a major genetic influence in idiopathic generalized epilepsies (0.80 versus 0.00; n = 23). High MZ casewise concordances also supported a genetic etiology in symptomatic generalized epilepsies and febrile seizures. The pairs who were concordant for seizures usually had the same syndromic diagnoses in both twins (86% in MZ, 60% in DZ), suggesting syndrome-specific genes. Apart from partial epilepsies, the MZ casewise concordances were similar to those derived from Australian twin data. The authors were able to apply contemporary classifications to Lennox's twins. The data confirm genetic bases for common generalized epilepsies as well as febrile seizures and provide further support for syndrome-specific genes. Finally, comparable results to our Australian series were obtained, verifying the value of twin studies.

46 CFR 42.07-40 - Recognized classification society as an assigning authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Recognized classification society as an assigning... Recognized classification society as an assigning authority. (a) On behalf of the United States of America... request of a shipowner, may appoint any other recognized classification society, which he may approve, as...

46 CFR 42.07-40 - Recognized classification society as an assigning authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Recognized classification society as an assigning... Recognized classification society as an assigning authority. (a) On behalf of the United States of America... request of a shipowner, may appoint any other recognized classification society, which he may approve, as...

32 CFR 2700.12 - Criteria for and level of original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... FOR MICRONESIAN STATUS NEGOTIATIONS SECURITY INFORMATION REGULATIONS Original Classification § 2700.12... be classified only when protecting the national security requires that the information they contain be withheld from public disclosure. Information may not be classified to conceal violations of law...

14 CFR 1203.408 - Assistance by installation security classification officers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... ADMINISTRATION INFORMATION SECURITY PROGRAM Guides for Original Classification § 1203.408 Assistance by installation security classification officers. Installation Security Classification Officers, as the... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Assistance by installation security...

14 CFR 1203.408 - Assistance by installation security classification officers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... ADMINISTRATION INFORMATION SECURITY PROGRAM Guides for Original Classification § 1203.408 Assistance by installation security classification officers. Installation Security Classification Officers, as the... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Assistance by installation security...

EXTENDING AQUATIC CLASSIFICATION TO THE LANDSCAPE SCALE HYDROLOGY-BASED STRATEGIES

EPA Science Inventory

Aquatic classification of single water bodies (lakes, wetlands, estuaries) is often based on geologic origin, while stream classification has relied on multiple factors related to landform, geomorphology, and soils. We have developed an approach to aquatic classification based o...

Synchronous myeloproliferative and inflammatory disease of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses: an interesting differential diagnostic problem.

PubMed

László, Iván; Gábor, Vass; Zsolt, Bella; László, Tiszlavicz; József, Jóri

2009-09-01

The authors present a case of synchronous manifestation of a myeloproliferative--extramedullary plasmocytoma--and a chronic inflammatory disease of the nose and the paranasal sinuses. They emphasise the importance of imaging techniques and immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis. They discuss on the basis of published articles the new classification, clinical manifestations, diagnostic and therapeutical approaches of this tumour belonging to the group of monoclonal gammopathies, which originates from an abnormal proliferation of mature B-lymphocytes, and is a rarity in the literature even nowadays.

Columbia Classification Algorithm of Suicide Assessment (C-CASA): classification of suicidal events in the FDA's pediatric suicidal risk analysis of antidepressants.

PubMed

Posner, Kelly; Oquendo, Maria A; Gould, Madelyn; Stanley, Barbara; Davies, Mark

2007-07-01

To evaluate the link between antidepressants and suicidal behavior and ideation (suicidality) in youth, adverse events from pediatric clinical trials were classified in order to identify suicidal events. The authors describe the Columbia Classification Algorithm for Suicide Assessment (C-CASA), a standardized suicidal rating system that provided data for the pediatric suicidal risk analysis of antidepressants conducted by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Adverse events (N=427) from 25 pediatric antidepressant clinical trials were systematically identified by pharmaceutical companies. Randomly assigned adverse events were evaluated by three of nine independent expert suicidologists using the Columbia classification algorithm. Reliability of the C-CASA ratings and agreement with pharmaceutical company classification were estimated. Twenty-six new, possibly suicidal events (behavior and ideation) that were not originally identified by pharmaceutical companies were identified in the C-CASA, and 12 events originally labeled as suicidal by pharmaceutical companies were eliminated, which resulted in a total of 38 discrepant ratings. For the specific label of "suicide attempt," a relatively low level of agreement was observed between the C-CASA and pharmaceutical company ratings, with the C-CASA reporting a 50% reduction in ratings. Thus, although the C-CASA resulted in the identification of more suicidal events overall, fewer events were classified as suicide attempts. Additionally, the C-CASA ratings were highly reliable (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]=0.89). Utilizing a methodical, anchored approach to categorizing suicidality provides an accurate and comprehensive identification of suicidal events. The FDA's audit of the C-CASA demonstrated excellent transportability of this approach. The Columbia algorithm was used to classify suicidal adverse events in the recent FDA adult antidepressant safety analyses and has also been mandated to be applied to all anticonvulsant trials and other centrally acting agents and nonpsychotropic drugs.

Columbia Classification Algorithm of Suicide Assessment (C-CASA): Classification of Suicidal Events in the FDA’s Pediatric Suicidal Risk Analysis of Antidepressants

PubMed Central

Posner, Kelly; Oquendo, Maria A.; Gould, Madelyn; Stanley, Barbara; Davies, Mark

2013-01-01

Objective To evaluate the link between antidepressants and suicidal behavior and ideation (suicidality) in youth, adverse events from pediatric clinical trials were classified in order to identify suicidal events. The authors describe the Columbia Classification Algorithm for Suicide Assessment (C-CASA), a standardized suicidal rating system that provided data for the pediatric suicidal risk analysis of antide-pressants conducted by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Method Adverse events (N=427) from 25 pediatric antidepressant clinical trials were systematically identified by pharmaceutical companies. Randomly assigned adverse events were evaluated by three of nine independent expert suicidologists using the Columbia classification algorithm. Reliability of the C-CASA ratings and agreement with pharmaceutical company classification were estimated. Results Twenty-six new, possibly suicidal events (behavior and ideation) that were not originally identified by pharmaceutical companies were identified in the C-CASA, and 12 events originally labeled as suicidal by pharmaceutical companies were eliminated, which resulted in a total of 38 discrepant ratings. For the specific label of “suicide attempt,” a relatively low level of agreement was observed between the C-CASA and pharmaceutical company ratings, with the C-CASA reporting a 50% reduction in ratings. Thus, although the C-CASA resulted in the identification of more suicidal events overall, fewer events were classified as suicide attempts. Additionally, the C-CASA ratings were highly reliable (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]=0.89). Conclusions Utilizing a methodical, anchored approach to categorizing suicidality provides an accurate and comprehensive identification of suicidal events. The FDA’s audit of the C-CASA demonstrated excellent transportability of this approach. The Columbia algorithm was used to classify suicidal adverse events in the recent FDA adult antidepressant safety analyses and has also been mandated to be applied to all anticonvulsant trials and other centrally acting agents and nonpsychotropic drugs. PMID:17606655

49 CFR 8.11 - Authority to classify information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

....11 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation CLASSIFIED INFORMATION: CLASSIFICATION/DECLASSIFICATION/ACCESS Classification/Declassification of Information § 8.11 Authority to classify information. (a... information as SECRET or CONFIDENTIAL with further authorization to delegate this authority. (b) The following...

49 CFR 8.11 - Authority to classify information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

....11 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation CLASSIFIED INFORMATION: CLASSIFICATION/DECLASSIFICATION/ACCESS Classification/Declassification of Information § 8.11 Authority to classify information. (a... information as SECRET or CONFIDENTIAL with further authorization to delegate this authority. (b) The following...

49 CFR 8.11 - Authority to classify information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

....11 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation CLASSIFIED INFORMATION: CLASSIFICATION/DECLASSIFICATION/ACCESS Classification/Declassification of Information § 8.11 Authority to classify information. (a... information as SECRET or CONFIDENTIAL with further authorization to delegate this authority. (b) The following...

49 CFR 8.11 - Authority to classify information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

....11 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation CLASSIFIED INFORMATION: CLASSIFICATION/DECLASSIFICATION/ACCESS Classification/Declassification of Information § 8.11 Authority to classify information. (a... information as SECRET or CONFIDENTIAL with further authorization to delegate this authority. (b) The following...

49 CFR 8.11 - Authority to classify information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

....11 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation CLASSIFIED INFORMATION: CLASSIFICATION/DECLASSIFICATION/ACCESS Classification/Declassification of Information § 8.11 Authority to classify information. (a... information as SECRET or CONFIDENTIAL with further authorization to delegate this authority. (b) The following...

7 CFR 27.62 - Conditions for review of classification and for incidental Micronaire determination for original...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... may be made at the same time as the request for initial classification. The written application may... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Conditions for review of classification and for... CLASSIFICATION UNDER COTTON FUTURES LEGISLATION Regulations Classification Reviews and Micronaire Determinations...

7 CFR 27.62 - Conditions for review of classification and for incidental Micronaire determination for original...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... may be made at the same time as the request for initial classification. The written application may... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Conditions for review of classification and for... CLASSIFICATION UNDER COTTON FUTURES LEGISLATION Regulations Classification Reviews and Micronaire Determinations...

[Functional somatization: a conceptual review].

PubMed

Fabião, Cristina; Fleming, Manuela; Barbosa, António

2011-01-01

The authors have brought together and analised texts about the history of the concept of hysteria. In these texts hysteria is fundamentally considered a disease of organic origin (of the womb), and, in the Middle Age, evidence of demonic possession. From the XVII century onwards, apart from the etiopathogenic concepts, also taken into consideration are aspects connected to the differential diagnosis with other similar entities and the therapy used each period. Even, in subsequent centuries, authors such as Syndenham, who consider hysteria to be a multidimensional entity, are rare. Empiricism has contributed to discoveries in biology and physiology, both general and of the nervous system itself, and given birth to the formulation of the Spinal Irritation Theory and Reflex Theory. These theories have led to strictly organic treatment of hysteria, in the same way that hysterectomies were performed to alleviate somatic symptoms connected to this disease. The introduction of hypnosis in medical practice, with Charcot in X1X century, allowed for the element of suggestion to be observed ( a non organic element) which accompanies the symptoms of hysteria. Two of his disciples, Janet and Freud, would define and isolate psychic mechanisms in the symptoms of hysteria: Dissociation of the consciousness (Janet) and Conversion (Freud). The last one developed a therapeutic method of a psychological nature for hysteria. The therapeutic implications and the pertinence of the distinction between unspecific somatization or functional (of somatic origin) somatization and somatization linked to disassociation mechanisms and conversion (psychic origin) are discussed as well as the evolution of international classification systems of somatization and the questions posed by the algorithms chosen for the cataloguing of symptoms. A revision of the relevant empirical studies about the association of somatization with depressive and anxiety disorders, within the general population, is made. The characteristics that permeate the clinical descriptions of somatoform disorders (whose validity criteria remain weak) and are not integrated within the diagnostic criteria for somatoform disorders are considered. We draw conclusions about the difficulties and consequences of the changes that some authors advocate in relation to the new classification system for somatoform syndromes.

19 CFR 10.918 - De minimis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... section, a good that does not undergo a change in tariff classification pursuant to General Note 32(n), HTSUS, is an originating good if: (1) The value of all non-originating materials used in the production of the good that do not undergo the applicable change in tariff classification does not exceed 10...

19 CFR 10.3018 - De minimis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... this section, a good that does not undergo a change in tariff classification pursuant to General Note 34, HTSUS, is an originating good if: (1) The value of all non-originating materials used in the production of the good that do not undergo the applicable change in tariff classification does not exceed 10...

19 CFR 10.2018 - De minimis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... section, a good that does not undergo a change in tariff classification pursuant to General Note 35, HTSUS, is an originating good if: (1) The value of all non-originating materials used in the production of the good that do not undergo the applicable change in tariff classification does not exceed 10 percent...

19 CFR 10.1018 - De minimis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... section, a good that does not undergo a change in tariff classification pursuant to General Note 33, HTSUS, is an originating good if: (1) The value of all non-originating materials used in the production of the good that do not undergo the applicable change in tariff classification does not exceed 10 percent...

19 CFR 10.1018 - De minimis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... section, a good that does not undergo a change in tariff classification pursuant to General Note 33, HTSUS, is an originating good if: (1) The value of all non-originating materials used in the production of the good that do not undergo the applicable change in tariff classification does not exceed 10 percent...

19 CFR 10.918 - De minimis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... section, a good that does not undergo a change in tariff classification pursuant to General Note 32(n), HTSUS, is an originating good if: (1) The value of all non-originating materials used in the production of the good that do not undergo the applicable change in tariff classification does not exceed 10...

19 CFR 10.918 - De minimis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... section, a good that does not undergo a change in tariff classification pursuant to General Note 32(n), HTSUS, is an originating good if: (1) The value of all non-originating materials used in the production of the good that do not undergo the applicable change in tariff classification does not exceed 10...

19 CFR 10.1018 - De minimis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... section, a good that does not undergo a change in tariff classification pursuant to General Note 33, HTSUS, is an originating good if: (1) The value of all non-originating materials used in the production of the good that do not undergo the applicable change in tariff classification does not exceed 10 percent...

19 CFR 10.3018 - De minimis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... this section, a good that does not undergo a change in tariff classification pursuant to General Note 34, HTSUS, is an originating good if: (1) The value of all non-originating materials used in the production of the good that do not undergo the applicable change in tariff classification does not exceed 10...

15 CFR 2008.6 - Duration of original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Duration of original classification. 2008.6 Section 2008.6 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12065; OFFICE OF THE...

15 CFR 2008.5 - Level of original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Level of original classification. 2008.5 Section 2008.5 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12065; OFFICE OF THE UNITED...

15 CFR 2008.6 - Duration of original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Duration of original classification. 2008.6 Section 2008.6 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12065; OFFICE OF THE...

15 CFR 2008.6 - Duration of original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Duration of original classification. 2008.6 Section 2008.6 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12065; OFFICE OF THE...

15 CFR 2008.5 - Level of original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Level of original classification. 2008.5 Section 2008.5 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12065; OFFICE OF THE UNITED...

15 CFR 2008.6 - Duration of original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Duration of original classification. 2008.6 Section 2008.6 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12065; OFFICE OF THE...

15 CFR 2008.5 - Level of original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Level of original classification. 2008.5 Section 2008.5 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12065; OFFICE OF THE UNITED...

15 CFR 2008.6 - Duration of original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Duration of original classification. 2008.6 Section 2008.6 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12065; OFFICE OF THE...

15 CFR 2008.5 - Level of original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Level of original classification. 2008.5 Section 2008.5 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12065; OFFICE OF THE UNITED...

15 CFR 2008.5 - Level of original classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Level of original classification. 2008.5 Section 2008.5 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Foreign Trade Agreements OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12065; OFFICE OF THE UNITED...

14 CFR 1203.701 - Classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Classification. 1203.701 Section 1203.701... Government Information § 1203.701 Classification. (a) Foreign government information that is classified by a foreign entity shall either retain its original classification designation or be marked with a United...

14 CFR 1203.701 - Classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Classification. 1203.701 Section 1203.701... Government Information § 1203.701 Classification. (a) Foreign government information that is classified by a foreign entity shall either retain its original classification designation or be marked with a United...

14 CFR 1203.701 - Classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Classification. 1203.701 Section 1203.701... Government Information § 1203.701 Classification. (a) Foreign government information that is classified by a foreign entity shall either retain its original classification designation or be marked with a United...

Instructional Method Classifications Lack User Language and Orientation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Neumann, Susanne; Koper, Rob

2010-01-01

Following publications emphasizing the need of a taxonomy for instructional methods, this article presents a literature review on classifications for learning and teaching in order to identify possible classifications for instructional methods. Data was collected for 37 classifications capturing the origins, theoretical underpinnings, purposes and…

Cross-Cultural Perspectives on the Classification of Children with Disabilities: Part II. Implementing Classification Systems in Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McLaughlin, Margaret J.; Dyson, Alan; Nagle, Katherine; Thurlow, Martha; Rouse, Martyn; Hardman, Michael; Norwich, Brahm; Burke, Phillip J.; Perlin, Michael

2006-01-01

This article is the second in a 2-part synthesis of an international comparative seminar on the classification of children with disabilities. In this article, the authors discuss classification frameworks used in identifying children for the purpose of providing special education and related services. The authors summarize 7 papers that addressed…

Local Area Network (LAN) Compatibility Issues

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-09-01

September, 1991 Thesis Advisor: Dr. Norman Schneidewind Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited 92 303s246 Unclassified SECURITY ...CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Ia. REPORT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 1 b. RESTRICTIVE MARKINGS unclassified 2a. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION...Work UiNt ACCeLUOn Number 11. TITLE (Include Security Classification) LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN) COMPATIBILITY ISSUES 12. PERSONAL AUTHOR(S) Rita V

Engineering and Design: Rock Mass Classification Data Requirements for Rippability

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-06-30

Engineering and Design ROCK MASS CLASSIFICATION DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR RIPPABILITY Distribution Restriction Statement Approved for public release...and Design: Rock Mass Classification Data Requirements for Rippability Contract Number Grant Number Program Element Number Author(s) Project...Technical Letter 1110-2-282 Engineering and Design ROCK MASS CLASSIFICATION DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR RIPPABILITY 1“ -“ This ETL contains information on data

5 CFR 1312.2 - Responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., DECLASSIFICATION AND SAFEGUARDING OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION Classification and Declassification of National Security Information § 1312.2 Responsibilities. The effectiveness of the classification and... originate classified information are responsible for proper assignment of a classification to that material...

URS DataBase: universe of RNA structures and their motifs.

PubMed

Baulin, Eugene; Yacovlev, Victor; Khachko, Denis; Spirin, Sergei; Roytberg, Mikhail

2016-01-01

The Universe of RNA Structures DataBase (URSDB) stores information obtained from all RNA-containing PDB entries (2935 entries in October 2015). The content of the database is updated regularly. The database consists of 51 tables containing indexed data on various elements of the RNA structures. The database provides a web interface allowing user to select a subset of structures with desired features and to obtain various statistical data for a selected subset of structures or for all structures. In particular, one can easily obtain statistics on geometric parameters of base pairs, on structural motifs (stems, loops, etc.) or on different types of pseudoknots. The user can also view and get information on an individual structure or its selected parts, e.g. RNA-protein hydrogen bonds. URSDB employs a new original definition of loops in RNA structures. That definition fits both pseudoknot-free and pseudoknotted secondary structures and coincides with the classical definition in case of pseudoknot-free structures. To our knowledge, URSDB is the first database supporting searches based on topological classification of pseudoknots and on extended loop classification.Database URL: http://server3.lpm.org.ru/urs/. © The Author(s) 2016. Published by Oxford University Press.

7 CFR 1951.885 - Loan classifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 14 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Loan classifications. 1951.885 Section 1951.885... classifications. All loans to intermediaries in the FmHA or its successor agency under Public Law 103-354... again whenever there is a change in the loan which would impact on the original classification. No one...

7 CFR 1951.885 - Loan classifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 14 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Loan classifications. 1951.885 Section 1951.885... classifications. All loans to intermediaries in the FmHA or its successor agency under Public Law 103-354... again whenever there is a change in the loan which would impact on the original classification. No one...

7 CFR 1951.885 - Loan classifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 14 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Loan classifications. 1951.885 Section 1951.885... classifications. All loans to intermediaries in the FmHA or its successor agency under Public Law 103-354... again whenever there is a change in the loan which would impact on the original classification. No one...

The Universal Decimal Classification: Some Factors Concerning Its Origins, Development, and Influence.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McIlwaine, I. C.

1997-01-01

Discusses the history and development of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC). Topics include the relationship with Dewey Decimal Classification; revision process; structure; facet analysis; lack of standard rules for application; application in automated systems; influence of UDC on classification development; links with thesauri; and use…

75 FR 68608 - Information Collection; Request for Authorization of Additional Classification and Rate, Standard...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-08

... Authorization of Additional Classification and Rate, Standard Form 1444 AGENCY: Department of Defense (DOD... of Additional Classification and Rate, Standard Form 1444. DATES: Comments may be submitted on or.../or business confidential information provided. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. Ernest Woodson...

A new classification system for congenital laryngeal cysts.

PubMed

Forte, Vito; Fuoco, Gabriel; James, Adrian

2004-06-01

A new classification system for congenital laryngeal cysts based on the extent of the cyst and on the embryologic tissue of origin is proposed. Retrospective chart review. The charts of 20 patients with either congenital or acquired laryngeal cysts that were treated surgically between 1987 and 2002 at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical presentation, radiologic findings, surgical management, histopathology, and outcome were recorded. A new classification system is proposed to better appreciate the origin of these cysts and to guide in their successful surgical management. Fourteen of the supraglottic and subglottic simple mucous retention cysts posed no diagnostic or therapeutic challenge and were treated successfully by a single endoscopic excision or marsupialization. The remaining six patients with congenital cysts in the study were deemed more complex, and all required open surgical procedures for cure. On the basis of the analysis of the data of these patients, a new classification of congenital laryngeal cysts is proposed. Type I cysts are confined to the larynx, the cyst wall composed of endodermal elements only, and can be managed endoscopically. Type II cysts extend beyond the confines of the larynx and require an external approach. The Type II cysts are further subclassified histologically on the basis of the embryologic tissue of origin: IIa, composed of endoderm only and IIb, containing endodermal and mesodermal elements (epithelium and cartilage) in the wall of the cyst. A new classification system for congenital laryngeal cysts is proposed on the basis of the extent of the cyst and the embryologic tissue of origin. This classification can help guide the surgeon with initial management and help us better understand the origin of these cysts.

Effect of nutritional status on Tuberculin skin testing.

PubMed

Piñeiro, Roi; Cilleruelo, María José; García-Hortelano, Milagros; García-Ascaso, Marta; Medina-Claros, Antonio; Mellado, María José

2013-04-01

To evaluate Tuberculin skin test (TST) results in a population of immigrants and internationally adopted children from several geographical areas; to analyze whether nutritional status can modify TST results. This cross-sectional observational study included adopted children and immigrants evaluated in the authors' unit between January 2003 and December 2008. Children diagnosed with tuberculosis, or vaccinated with live attenuated virus 2 mo earlier, HIV-infected, chronically ill or under treatment with immunosuppressive agents were excluded. TST was considered as dependent variable. Independent variables were gender, age, geographical origin, BCG scar, nutritional status, immune status and intestinal parasitism. One thousand seventy four children were included; 69.6 % were girls. There was a BCG scar in 79 % of children. Mantoux = 0 mm was found in 84.4 %, <10 mm in 4.1 %, and ≥10 mm in 11.4 % of children. Nutrition (McLaren's classification) was normal (≥90 %) in 26.7 % of the subjects, with mild malnutrition (80-89 %) in 36 %, moderate (70-79 %) in 23.2 % and severe (≤69 %) in 14.1 %. There was no difference in TST results among different nutritional status children. The nutritional status, measured by McLaren's classification, does not changes the results of TST. McLaren's classification only grades protein-caloric malnutrition, so in authors' experience this type of malnutrition does not interfere with TST results. Implementing other nutritional parameters could help to determine whether nutritional status should be taken into account when interpreting TST results.

Pathological gambling and compulsive buying: do they fall within an obsessive-compulsive spectrum?

PubMed Central

Black, Donald W.; Shaw, Martha; Blum, Nancee

2010-01-01

Both compulsive buying (CB) and pathological gambling (PG) have been proposed as members of a spectrum of disorders related to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The spectrum hypothesis originated in the early 1990s and has gained considerable support, despite the lack of empirical evidence. Interest in this hypothesis has become critical because some investigators have recommended the creation of a new category that includes these disorders in DSM-5, now under development. In this article, the authors describe the origin of the obsessive-compulsive (OC) spectrum and its theoretical underpinnings, review both CB and PG, and discuss the data both in support of and against an OC spectrum. Both disorders are described in terms of their history, definition, classification, phenomenology, family history, pathophysiology, and clinical management. The authors conclude that: (i) CB and PG are probably not related to OCD, and there is insufficient evidence to place them within an OC spectrum in DSM-V; (ii) PG should stay with the impulse-control disorders (ICDs); and ( iii) a new diagnosis of CB should be created and be classified as an ICD. PMID:20623922

Evolutionary origin and early biogeography of otophysan fishes (Ostariophysi: Teleostei).

PubMed

Chen, Wei-Jen; Lavoué, Sébastien; Mayden, Richard L

2013-08-01

The biogeography of the mega-diverse, freshwater, and globally distributed Otophysi has received considerable attention. This attraction largely stems from assumptions as to their ancient origin, the clade being almost exclusively freshwater, and their suitability as to explanations of trans-oceanic distributions. Despite multiple hypotheses explaining present-day distributions, problems remain, precluding more parsimonious explanations. Underlying previous hypotheses are alternative phylogenies for Otophysi, uncertainties as to temporal diversification and assumptions integral to various explanations. We reexamine the origin and early diversification of this clade based on a comprehensive time-calibrated, molecular-based phylogenetic analysis and event-based approaches for ancestral range inference of lineages. Our results do not corroborate current phylogenetic classifications of otophysans. We demonstrate Siluriformes are never sister to Gymnotiformes and Characiformes are most likely nonmonophyletic. Divergence time estimates specify a split between Cypriniformes and Characiphysi with the fragmentation of Pangea. The early diversification of characiphysans either predated, or was contemporary with, the separation of Africa and South America, and involved a combination of within- and between-continental divergence events for these lineages. The intercontinental diversification of siluroids and characoids postdated major intercontinental tectonic fragmentations (<90 Mya). Post-tectonic drift dispersal events are hypothesized to account for their current distribution patterns. © 2013 The Author(s). Evolution © 2013 The Society for the Study of Evolution.

(13)C NMR pattern recognition techniques for the classification of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) according to their wild, farmed, and geographical origin.

PubMed

Aursand, Marit; Standal, Inger B; Praël, Angelika; McEvoy, Lesley; Irvine, Joe; Axelson, David E

2009-05-13

(13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in combination with multivariate data analysis was used to (1) discriminate between farmed and wild Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.), (2) discriminate between different geographical origins, and (3) verify the origin of market samples. Muscle lipids from 195 Atlantic salmon of known origin (wild and farmed salmon from Norway, Scotland, Canada, Iceland, Ireland, the Faroes, and Tasmania) in addition to market samples were analyzed by (13)C NMR spectroscopy and multivariate analysis. Both probabilistic neural networks (PNN) and support vector machines (SVM) provided excellent discrimination (98.5 and 100.0%, respectively) between wild and farmed salmon. Discrimination with respect to geographical origin was somewhat more difficult, with correct classification rates ranging from 82.2 to 99.3% by PNN and SVM, respectively. In the analysis of market samples, five fish labeled and purchased as wild salmon were classified as farmed salmon (indicating mislabeling), and there were also some discrepancies between the classification and the product declaration with regard to geographical origin.

32 CFR 2700.14 - Challenges to classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... NEGOTIATIONS SECURITY INFORMATION REGULATIONS Original Classification § 2700.14 Challenges to classification. If holders of classified information believe the information is improperly or unnecessarily... the OMSN Information Security Oversight Committee, established pursuant to § 2700.51. Action on such...

14 CFR 1203.405 - Proprietary information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... PROGRAM Guides for Original Classification § 1203.405 Proprietary information. Proprietary information made available to NASA is subject to examination for classification purposes under the criteria set... the proposal but believes that security classification would be appropriate under the criteria of...

46 CFR 151.10-1 - Barge hull classifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Barge hull classifications. 151.10-1 Section 151.10-1... classifications. (a) Each barge constructed or converted in conformance with this subpart shall be assigned a hull... the hull type classification for the service for which they were originally approved. Changes in...

7 CFR 28.116 - Amounts of fees for classification; exemption.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... not applicable to review of classification if made on the same sample as the original class or... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Amounts of fees for classification; exemption. 28.116... Standards Act Fees and Costs § 28.116 Amounts of fees for classification; exemption. (a) For the...

7 CFR 28.116 - Amounts of fees for classification; exemption.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... not applicable to review of classification if made on the same sample as the original class or... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Amounts of fees for classification; exemption. 28.116... Standards Act Fees and Costs § 28.116 Amounts of fees for classification; exemption. (a) For the...

Lossless Compression of Classification-Map Data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hua, Xie; Klimesh, Matthew

2009-01-01

A lossless image-data-compression algorithm intended specifically for application to classification-map data is based on prediction, context modeling, and entropy coding. The algorithm was formulated, in consideration of the differences between classification maps and ordinary images of natural scenes, so as to be capable of compressing classification- map data more effectively than do general-purpose image-data-compression algorithms. Classification maps are typically generated from remote-sensing images acquired by instruments aboard aircraft (see figure) and spacecraft. A classification map is a synthetic image that summarizes information derived from one or more original remote-sensing image(s) of a scene. The value assigned to each pixel in such a map is the index of a class that represents some type of content deduced from the original image data for example, a type of vegetation, a mineral, or a body of water at the corresponding location in the scene. When classification maps are generated onboard the aircraft or spacecraft, it is desirable to compress the classification-map data in order to reduce the volume of data that must be transmitted to a ground station.

3 CFR 13526 - Executive Order 13526 of December 29, 2009. Classified National Security Information

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... of weapons of mass destruction. Sec. 1.5. Duration of Classification. (a) At the time of original... intelligence source or key design concepts of weapons of mass destruction, the date or event shall not exceed the time frame established in paragraph (b) of this section. (b) If the original classification...

19 CFR 102.20 - Specific rules by tariff classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY RULES OF ORIGIN Rules of Origin § 102.20 Specific rules by tariff classification. The following rules are the rules specified in § 102.11(a)(3) and other sections of this part. Where a rule under this section permits a change to a subheading from another subheading of the same heading...

Evaluation criteria for software classification inventories, accuracies, and maps

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jayroe, R. R., Jr.

1976-01-01

Statistical criteria are presented for modifying the contingency table used to evaluate tabular classification results obtained from remote sensing and ground truth maps. This classification technique contains information on the spatial complexity of the test site, on the relative location of classification errors, on agreement of the classification maps with ground truth maps, and reduces back to the original information normally found in a contingency table.

10 CFR 1045.12 - Authorities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Authorities. 1045.12 Section 1045.12 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (GENERAL PROVISIONS) NUCLEAR CLASSIFICATION AND DECLASSIFICATION Identification of Restricted Data and Formerly Restricted Data Information § 1045.12 Authorities. (a) The Director of Classification may...

Pattern Classification of Endocervical Adenocarcinoma: Reproducibility and Review of Criteria

PubMed Central

Rutgers, Joanne K.L.; Roma, Andres; Park, Kay; Zaino, Richard J.; Johnson, Abbey; Alvarado, Isabel; Daya, Dean; Rasty, Golnar; Longacre, Teri; Ronnett, Brigitte; Silva, Elvio

2017-01-01

Previously, our international team proposed a 3-tiered pattern classification (Pattern Classification) system for endocervical adenocarcinoma of the usual type that correlates with nodal disease and recurrence. Pattern Classification- A have well demarcated glands lacking destructive stromal invasion or lymphovascular invasion (lymphovascular invasion), Pattern Classification- B show localized, limited destructive invasion arising from A-type glands, and Pattern Classification- C have diffuse destructive stromal invasion, significant (filling a 4× field) confluence, or solid architecture. 24 Pattern Classification-A, 22 Pattern Classification-B, 38 Pattern Classification-C from the tumor set used in the original description were chosen using the reference diagnosis (reference diagnosis) originally established. 1 H&E slide per case was reviewed by 7 gynecologic pathologists, 4 from the original study. Kappa statistics were prepared, and cases with discrepancies reviewed. We found a majority agreement with reference diagnosis in 81% of cases, with complete or near complete (6 of 7) agreement in 50%. Overall concordance was 74%. Overall Kappa (agreement among pathologists) was .488 (moderate agreement). Pattern Classification- B has lowest kappa, and agreement is not improved by combining B+C. 6 of 7 reviewers had substantial agreement by weighted kappas (>.6), with one reviewer accounting for the majority of cases under or overcalled by 2 tiers. Confluence filling a 4× field, labyrinthine glands, or solid architecture accounted for undercalling other reference diagnosis-C cases. Missing a few individually infiltrative cells was the most common cause of undercalling reference diagnosis- B. Small foci of inflamed, loose or desmoplastic stroma lacking infiltrative tumor cells in reference diagnosis-A appeared to account for those cases up-graded to Pattern Classification-B. In summary, an overall concordance of 74% indicates that the criteria can be reproducibly applied by gynecologic pathologists. Further refinement of criteria should allow use of this powerful classification system to delineate which cervical adenocarcinomas can be safely treated conservatively. PMID:27255163

14 CFR 1203.407 - Duration of classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 1203.407 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION INFORMATION SECURITY PROGRAM Guides for Original Classification § 1203.407 Duration of classification. (a) Information shall be classified as long as required by national security considerations. When it can be determined, a specific...

14 CFR 1203.407 - Duration of classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Section 1203.407 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION INFORMATION SECURITY PROGRAM Guides for Original Classification § 1203.407 Duration of classification. (a) Information shall be classified as long as required by national security considerations. When it can be determined, a specific...

49 CFR 8.17 - Classification challenges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Classification challenges. 8.17 Section 8.17 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation CLASSIFIED INFORMATION: CLASSIFICATION/DECLASSIFICATION/ACCESS Classification/Declassification of Information § 8.17 Classification challenges. (a) Authorized...

49 CFR 8.17 - Classification challenges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Classification challenges. 8.17 Section 8.17 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation CLASSIFIED INFORMATION: CLASSIFICATION/DECLASSIFICATION/ACCESS Classification/Declassification of Information § 8.17 Classification challenges. (a) Authorized...

49 CFR 8.17 - Classification challenges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Classification challenges. 8.17 Section 8.17 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation CLASSIFIED INFORMATION: CLASSIFICATION/DECLASSIFICATION/ACCESS Classification/Declassification of Information § 8.17 Classification challenges. (a) Authorized...

49 CFR 8.17 - Classification challenges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Classification challenges. 8.17 Section 8.17 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation CLASSIFIED INFORMATION: CLASSIFICATION/DECLASSIFICATION/ACCESS Classification/Declassification of Information § 8.17 Classification challenges. (a) Authorized...

49 CFR 8.17 - Classification challenges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Classification challenges. 8.17 Section 8.17 Transportation Office of the Secretary of Transportation CLASSIFIED INFORMATION: CLASSIFICATION/DECLASSIFICATION/ACCESS Classification/Declassification of Information § 8.17 Classification challenges. (a) Authorized...

Rare earth elements minimal harvest year variation facilitates robust geographical origin discrimination: The case of PDO "Fava Santorinis".

PubMed

Drivelos, Spiros A; Danezis, Georgios P; Haroutounian, Serkos A; Georgiou, Constantinos A

2016-12-15

This study examines the trace and rare earth elemental (REE) fingerprint variations of PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) "Fava Santorinis" over three consecutive harvesting years (2011-2013). Classification of samples in harvesting years was studied by performing discriminant analysis (DA), k nearest neighbours (κ-NN), partial least squares (PLS) analysis and probabilistic neural networks (PNN) using rare earth elements and trace metals determined using ICP-MS. DA performed better than κ-NN, producing 100% discrimination using trace elements and 79% using REEs. PLS was found to be superior to PNN, achieving 99% and 90% classification for trace and REEs, respectively, while PNN achieved 96% and 71% classification for trace and REEs, respectively. The information obtained using REEs did not enhance classification, indicating that REEs vary minimally per harvesting year, providing robust geographical origin discrimination. The results show that seasonal patterns can occur in the elemental composition of "Fava Santorinis", probably reflecting seasonality of climate. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Stroke subtyping for genetic association studies? A comparison of the CCS and TOAST classifications.

PubMed

Lanfranconi, Silvia; Markus, Hugh S

2013-12-01

A reliable and reproducible classification system of stroke subtype is essential for epidemiological and genetic studies. The Causative Classification of Stroke system is an evidence-based computerized algorithm with excellent inter-rater reliability. It has been suggested that, compared to the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment classification, it increases the proportion of cases with defined subtype that may increase power in genetic association studies. We compared Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment and Causative Classification of Stroke system classifications in a large cohort of well-phenotyped stroke patients. Six hundred ninety consecutively recruited patients with first-ever ischemic stroke were classified, using review of clinical data and original imaging, according to the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment and Causative Classification of Stroke system classifications. There was excellent agreement subtype assigned by between Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment and Causative Classification of Stroke system (kappa = 0·85). The agreement was excellent for the major individual subtypes: large artery atherosclerosis kappa = 0·888, small-artery occlusion kappa = 0·869, cardiac embolism kappa = 0·89, and undetermined category kappa = 0·884. There was only moderate agreement (kappa = 0·41) for the subjects with at least two competing underlying mechanism. Thirty-five (5·8%) patients classified as undetermined by Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment were assigned to a definite subtype by Causative Classification of Stroke system. Thirty-two subjects assigned to a definite subtype by Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment were classified as undetermined by Causative Classification of Stroke system. There is excellent agreement between classification using Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment and Causative Classification of Stroke systems but no evidence that Causative Classification of Stroke system reduced the proportion of patients classified to undetermined subtypes. The excellent inter-rater reproducibility and web-based semiautomated nature make Causative Classification of Stroke system suitable for multicenter studies, but the benefit of reclassifying cases already classified using the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment system on existing databases is likely to be small. © 2012 The Authors. International Journal of Stroke © 2012 World Stroke Organization.

Diagnostic Classification Models and Multidimensional Adaptive Testing: A Commentary on Rupp and Templin

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frey, Andreas; Carstensen, Claus H.

2009-01-01

On a general level, the objective of diagnostic classifications models (DCMs) lies in a classification of individuals regarding multiple latent skills. In this article, the authors show that this objective can be achieved by multidimensional adaptive testing (MAT) as well. The authors discuss whether or not the restricted applicability of DCMs can…

Automated Authorship Attribution Using Advanced Signal Classification Techniques

PubMed Central

Ebrahimpour, Maryam; Putniņš, Tālis J.; Berryman, Matthew J.; Allison, Andrew; Ng, Brian W.-H.; Abbott, Derek

2013-01-01

In this paper, we develop two automated authorship attribution schemes, one based on Multiple Discriminant Analysis (MDA) and the other based on a Support Vector Machine (SVM). The classification features we exploit are based on word frequencies in the text. We adopt an approach of preprocessing each text by stripping it of all characters except a-z and space. This is in order to increase the portability of the software to different types of texts. We test the methodology on a corpus of undisputed English texts, and use leave-one-out cross validation to demonstrate classification accuracies in excess of 90%. We further test our methods on the Federalist Papers, which have a partly disputed authorship and a fair degree of scholarly consensus. And finally, we apply our methodology to the question of the authorship of the Letter to the Hebrews by comparing it against a number of original Greek texts of known authorship. These tests identify where some of the limitations lie, motivating a number of open questions for future work. An open source implementation of our methodology is freely available for use at https://github.com/matthewberryman/author-detection. PMID:23437047

Geologic and Mineral Resource Map of Afghanistan

USGS Publications Warehouse

Doebrich, Jeff L.; Wahl, Ronald R.; With Contributions by Ludington, Stephen D.; Chirico, Peter G.; Wandrey, Craig J.; Bohannon, Robert G.; Orris, Greta J.; Bliss, James D.; Wasy, Abdul; Younusi, Mohammad O.

2006-01-01

Data Summary The geologic and mineral resource information shown on this map is derived from digitization of the original data from Abdullah and Chmyriov (1977) and Abdullah and others (1977). The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has made no attempt to modify original geologic map-unit boundaries and faults as presented in Abdullah and Chmyriov (1977); however, modifications to map-unit symbology, and minor modifications to map-unit descriptions, have been made to clarify lithostratigraphy and to modernize terminology. Labeling of map units has not been attempted where they are small or narrow, in order to maintain legibility and to preserve the map's utility in illustrating regional geologic and structural relations. Users are encouraged to refer to the series of USGS/AGS (Afghan Geological Survey) 1:250,000-scale geologic quadrangle maps of Afghanistan that are being released concurrently as open-file reports. The classification of mineral deposit types is based on the authors' interpretation of existing descriptive information (Abdullah and others, 1977; Bowersox and Chamberlin, 1995; Orris and Bliss, 2002) and on limited field investigations by the authors. Deposit-type nomenclature used for nonfuel minerals is modified from published USGS deposit-model classifications, as compiled in Stoeser and Heran (2000). New petroleum localities are based on research of archival data by the authors. The shaded-relief base is derived from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model (DEM) data having 85-meter resolution. Gaps in the original SRTM DEM dataset were filled with data digitized from contours on 1:200,000-scale Soviet General Staff Sheets (1978-1997). The marginal extent of geologic units corresponds to the position of the international boundary as defined by Abdullah and Chmyriov (1977), and the international boundary as shown on this map was acquired from the Afghanistan Information Management Service (AIMS) Web site (http://www.aims.org.af) in September 2005. Non-coincidence of these boundaries is due to differences in the respective data sources and to inexact registration of the geologic data to the DEM base. Province boundaries, province capital locations, and political names were also acquired from the AIMS Web site in September 2005. The AIMS data were originally derived from maps produced by the Afghanistan Geodesy and Cartography Head Office (AGCHO). Version 2 differs from Version 1 in that (1) map units are colored according to the color scheme of the Commission for the Geological Map of the World (CGMW) (http://www.ccgm.org), (2) the minerals database has been updated, and (3) all data presented on the map are also available in GIS format.

32 CFR 2001.71 - Coverage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., specialized training, and termination briefings. This subpart establishes fundamental security education and... authorities, security managers, classification management officers, security specialists, and all other.... Classification management officers, security managers, security specialists, declassification authorities, and...

Immunological classification of high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) in children.

PubMed

Pituch-Noworolska, A; Miezyński, W

1994-01-01

The immunological classification of 28 high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) in children was shown. The morphological classification was based on Working Formulation, the immunological classification--on acute lymphoblastic leukemia subtypes. The phenotypes were assayed cytofluorometrically with monoclonal antibodies and compared to ontogenic stages in B and T cell development. Small non-cleaved cell lymphoma (Burkitt's type) was seen in 13 patients, lymphoblastic lymphoma in 12 patients, low differentiated in 3 patients. Immunological classification showed B-lymphocyte origin of blast cells in 15 patients including 11 small non-cleaved Burkitt's lymphoma (mature B and cALL phenotype), 3 undifferentiated cases (pro-B and mature B cell) and 1 case of lymphoblastic lymphoma (cALL type). T-cell origin of blast cells was demonstrated in 13 patients. The immunological classification used routinely was helpful in selection of patients with unfavourable prognosis. The more precise description of blast cells was valuable for better adjustment of therapy and better prognosis.

A Novel Anti-classification Approach for Knowledge Protection.

PubMed

Lin, Chen-Yi; Chen, Tung-Shou; Tsai, Hui-Fang; Lee, Wei-Bin; Hsu, Tien-Yu; Kao, Yuan-Hung

2015-10-01

Classification is the problem of identifying a set of categories where new data belong, on the basis of a set of training data whose category membership is known. Its application is wide-spread, such as the medical science domain. The issue of the classification knowledge protection has been paid attention increasingly in recent years because of the popularity of cloud environments. In the paper, we propose a Shaking Sorted-Sampling (triple-S) algorithm for protecting the classification knowledge of a dataset. The triple-S algorithm sorts the data of an original dataset according to the projection results of the principal components analysis so that the features of the adjacent data are similar. Then, we generate noise data with incorrect classes and add those data to the original dataset. In addition, we develop an effective positioning strategy, determining the added positions of noise data in the original dataset, to ensure the restoration of the original dataset after removing those noise data. The experimental results show that the disturbance effect of the triple-S algorithm on the CLC, MySVM, and LibSVM classifiers increases when the noise data ratio increases. In addition, compared with existing methods, the disturbance effect of the triple-S algorithm is more significant on MySVM and LibSVM when a certain amount of the noise data added to the original dataset is reached.

ECG signal analysis through hidden Markov models.

PubMed

Andreão, Rodrigo V; Dorizzi, Bernadette; Boudy, Jérôme

2006-08-01

This paper presents an original hidden Markov model (HMM) approach for online beat segmentation and classification of electrocardiograms. The HMM framework has been visited because of its ability of beat detection, segmentation and classification, highly suitable to the electrocardiogram (ECG) problem. Our approach addresses a large panel of topics some of them never studied before in other HMM related works: waveforms modeling, multichannel beat segmentation and classification, and unsupervised adaptation to the patient's ECG. The performance was evaluated on the two-channel QT database in terms of waveform segmentation precision, beat detection and classification. Our waveform segmentation results compare favorably to other systems in the literature. We also obtained high beat detection performance with sensitivity of 99.79% and a positive predictivity of 99.96%, using a test set of 59 recordings. Moreover, premature ventricular contraction beats were detected using an original classification strategy. The results obtained validate our approach for real world application.

Demonstration of Advanced EMI Models for Live-Site UXO Discrimination at Former Camp Butner, North Carolina

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-01

GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7 . PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S...2.3.3 Classification using template matching ...................................................... 7 2.4 Details of classification schemes... 7 2.4.1 Camp Butner TEMTADS data inversion and classification scheme .......... 9

6 CFR 7.24 - Duration of classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 6 Domestic Security 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Duration of classification. 7.24 Section 7.24 Domestic Security DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY, OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY CLASSIFIED NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION Classified Information § 7.24 Duration of classification. (a) At the time of original...

28 CFR 17.24 - Duration of classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Duration of classification. 17.24 Section... ACCESS TO CLASSIFIED INFORMATION Classified Information § 17.24 Duration of classification. (a) At the... based on the duration of the national security sensitivity of the information. If the original...

New FIGO and Swedish intrapartum cardiotocography classification systems incorporated in the fetal ECG ST analysis (STAN) interpretation algorithm: agreements and discrepancies in cardiotocography classification and evaluation of significant ST events.

PubMed

Olofsson, Per; Norén, Håkan; Carlsson, Ann

2018-02-01

The updated intrapartum cardiotocography (CTG) classification system by FIGO in 2015 (FIGO2015) and the FIGO2015-approached classification by the Swedish Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologist in 2017 (SSOG2017) are not harmonized with the fetal ECG ST analysis (STAN) algorithm from 2007 (STAN2007). The study aimed to reveal homogeneity and agreement between the systems in classifying CTG and ST events, and relate them to maternal and perinatal outcomes. Among CTG traces with ST events, 100 traces originally classified as normal, 100 as suspicious and 100 as pathological were randomly selected from a STAN database and classified by two experts in consensus. Homogeneity and agreement statistics between the CTG classifications were performed. Maternal and perinatal outcomes were evaluated in cases with clinically hidden ST data (n = 151). A two-tailed p < 0.05 was regarded as significant. For CTG classes, the heterogeneity was significant between the old and new systems, and agreements were moderate to strong (proportion of agreement, kappa index 0.70-0.86). Between the new classifications, heterogeneity was significant and agreements strong (0.90, 0.92). For significant ST events, heterogeneities were significant and agreements moderate to almost perfect (STAN2007 vs. FIGO2015 0.86, 0.72; STAN2007 vs. SSOG2017 0.92, 0.84; FIGO2015 vs. SSOG2017 0.94, 0.87). Significant ST events occurred more often combined with STAN2007 than with FIGO2015 classification, but not with SSOG2017; correct identification of adverse outcomes was not significantly different between the systems. There are discrepancies in the classification of CTG patterns and significant ST events between the old and new systems. The clinical relevance of the findings remains to be shown. © 2017 The Authors. Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology (NFOG).

Expected energy-based restricted Boltzmann machine for classification.

PubMed

Elfwing, S; Uchibe, E; Doya, K

2015-04-01

In classification tasks, restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) have predominantly been used in the first stage, either as feature extractors or to provide initialization of neural networks. In this study, we propose a discriminative learning approach to provide a self-contained RBM method for classification, inspired by free-energy based function approximation (FE-RBM), originally proposed for reinforcement learning. For classification, the FE-RBM method computes the output for an input vector and a class vector by the negative free energy of an RBM. Learning is achieved by stochastic gradient-descent using a mean-squared error training objective. In an earlier study, we demonstrated that the performance and the robustness of FE-RBM function approximation can be improved by scaling the free energy by a constant that is related to the size of network. In this study, we propose that the learning performance of RBM function approximation can be further improved by computing the output by the negative expected energy (EE-RBM), instead of the negative free energy. To create a deep learning architecture, we stack several RBMs on top of each other. We also connect the class nodes to all hidden layers to try to improve the performance even further. We validate the classification performance of EE-RBM using the MNIST data set and the NORB data set, achieving competitive performance compared with other classifiers such as standard neural networks, deep belief networks, classification RBMs, and support vector machines. The purpose of using the NORB data set is to demonstrate that EE-RBM with binary input nodes can achieve high performance in the continuous input domain. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

6 CFR 7.28 - Automatic declassification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Classification Appeals Panel (ISCAP) for approval. (d) Declassification guides that narrowly and precisely define... years after the date of its original classification with the exception of specific information exempt...

The "Tokyo" consensus on propeller flaps.

PubMed

Pignatti, Marco; Ogawa, Rei; Hallock, Geoffrey G; Mateev, Musa; Georgescu, Alexandru V; Balakrishnan, Govindasamy; Ono, Shimpei; Cubison, Tania C S; D'Arpa, Salvatore; Koshima, Isao; Hyakusoku, Hikko

2011-02-01

Over the past few years, the use of propeller flaps, which base their blood supply on subcutaneous tissue or isolated perforators, has become increasingly popular. Because no consensus has yet been reached on terminology and nomenclature of the propeller flap, different and confusing uses of the term can be found in the literature. In this article, the authors report the consensus on the definition and classification of propeller flaps reached by the authors that gathered at the First Tokyo Meeting on Perforator and Propeller Flaps in June of 2009. Some peculiar aspects of the surgical technique are discussed. A propeller flap can be defined as an "island flap that reaches the recipient site through an axial rotation." The classification is based on the nourishing pedicle (subcutaneous pedicled propeller flap, perforator pedicled propeller flap, supercharged propeller flap), the degrees of skin island rotation (90 to 180 degrees) and, when possible, the artery of origin of the perforator. The propeller flap is a useful reconstructive tool that can achieve good cosmetic and functional results. A flap should be called a propeller flap only if it fulfils the definition above. The type of nourishing pedicle, the source vessel (when known), and the degree of skin island rotation should be specified for each flap.

19 CFR 10.303 - Originating goods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... in General Note 3(c), HTSUS; (2) Transformed with a change in classification. The goods have been transformed by a processing which results in a change in classification and, if required, a sufficient value-content, as set forth in General Note 3(c), HTSUS; or (3) Transformed without a change in classification...

19 CFR 10.303 - Originating goods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... in General Note 3(c), HTSUS; (2) Transformed with a change in classification. The goods have been transformed by a processing which results in a change in classification and, if required, a sufficient value-content, as set forth in General Note 3(c), HTSUS; or (3) Transformed without a change in classification...

45 CFR 601.4 - Classification Review Committee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

....4 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CLASSIFICATION AND DECLASSIFICATION OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION § 601.4 Classification Review Committee. The Security Officer (Information) chairs the Foundation's Classification Review Committee which has authority...

45 CFR 601.4 - Classification Review Committee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

....4 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CLASSIFICATION AND DECLASSIFICATION OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION § 601.4 Classification Review Committee. The Security Officer (Information) chairs the Foundation's Classification Review Committee which has authority...

45 CFR 601.4 - Classification Review Committee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

....4 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CLASSIFICATION AND DECLASSIFICATION OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION § 601.4 Classification Review Committee. The Security Officer (Information) chairs the Foundation's Classification Review Committee which has authority...

45 CFR 601.4 - Classification Review Committee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

....4 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CLASSIFICATION AND DECLASSIFICATION OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION § 601.4 Classification Review Committee. The Security Officer (Information) chairs the Foundation's Classification Review Committee which has authority...

45 CFR 601.4 - Classification Review Committee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

....4 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CLASSIFICATION AND DECLASSIFICATION OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION § 601.4 Classification Review Committee. The Security Officer (Information) chairs the Foundation's Classification Review Committee which has authority...

[Hans Selye, the grandmaster of creativity and originality].

PubMed

Somogyi, Árpád

2015-08-30

Hans Selye, the father of the stress concept, was a giant of science of the twentieth century. Beyond his best-known work on stress, he also made several discoveries on various other fields of experimental medicine. He described and characterized various pluricausal diseases. In addition, he made pivotal contributions to the broad field of endocrinology, especially to the classification of steroids and to our better understanding of their mode of action. He developed surgical technics and experimental animal models suitable for studying the pathogenesis and prevention of human diseases. Selye was an extremely well educated, highly intelligent and disciplined individual, an original and creative scientist, an outstanding teacher, a philosopher, a prolific author, a fabulous communicator and a gifted organizer successfully establishing, developing and managing a major academic research institution, the word-famous Institute of Experimental Medicine and Surgery of the University of Montreal.

Should Posttraumatic Stress Be a Disorder or a Specifier? Towards Improved Nosology Within the DSM Categorical Classification System.

PubMed

Guina, Jeffrey; Baker, Matthew; Stinson, Kelly; Maust, Jon; Coles, Joseph; Broderick, Pamela

2017-08-15

Since 1980, posttraumatic stress (PTS) disorder has been controversial because of its origin as a social construct, its discriminating trauma definition, and the Procrustean array of symptoms/clusters chosen for inclusion/exclusion. This review summarizes the history of trauma-related nosology and proposed changes, within current categorical models (trauma definitions, symptoms/clusters, subtypes/specifiers, disorders) and new models. Considering that trauma is a risk factor for virtually all mental disorders (particularly depressive, anxiety, dissociative, personality), the multi-finality of trauma (some survivors are resilient, and some develop PTS and/or non-PTS symptoms), and the various symptoms that trauma survivors express (mood, cognitive, perceptual, somatic), it is difficult to classify PTS. Because the human mind best comprehends categories, reliable classification generally necessitates using a categorical nosology but PTS defies categories (internalizing and/or externalizing, fear-based and/or numbing symptoms), the authors conclude that PTS-like DSM-5's panic attacks specifier-is currently best conceptualized as a specifier for other mental disorders.

An engineering rock classification to evaluate seismic rock-fall susceptibility and its application to the Wasatch Front

USGS Publications Warehouse

Harp, E.L.; Noble, M.A.

1993-01-01

Investigations of earthquakes world wide show that rock falls are the most abundant type of landslide that is triggered by earthquakes. An engineering classification originally used in tunnel design, known as the rock mass quality designation (Q), was modified for use in rating the susceptibility of rock slopes to seismically-induced failure. Analysis of rock-fall concentrations and Q-values for the 1980 earthquake sequence near Mammoth Lakes, California, defines a well-constrained upper bound that shows the number of rock falls per site decreases rapidly with increasing Q. Because of the similarities of lithology and slope between the Eastern Sierra Nevada Range near Mammoth Lakes and the Wasatch Front near Salt Lake City, Utah, the probabilities derived from analysis of the Mammoth Lakes region were used to predict rock-fall probabilities for rock slopes near Salt Lake City in response to a magnitude 6.0 earthquake. These predicted probabilities were then used to generalize zones of rock-fall susceptibility. -from Authors

46 CFR Sec. 18 - Group classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION A-NATIONAL SHIPPING AUTHORITY PROCEDURE FOR ACCOMPLISHMENT OF VESSEL REPAIRS UNDER NATIONAL SHIPPING AUTHORITY MASTER LUMP SUM REPAIR CONTRACT-NSA-LUMPSUMREP... inserted thereon: Number Classification 41 Maintenance Repairs (deck, engine and stewards department...

46 CFR Sec. 18 - Group classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION A-NATIONAL SHIPPING AUTHORITY PROCEDURE FOR ACCOMPLISHMENT OF VESSEL REPAIRS UNDER NATIONAL SHIPPING AUTHORITY MASTER LUMP SUM REPAIR CONTRACT-NSA-LUMPSUMREP... inserted thereon: Number Classification 41 Maintenance Repairs (deck, engine and stewards department...

46 CFR Sec. 18 - Group classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION A-NATIONAL SHIPPING AUTHORITY PROCEDURE FOR ACCOMPLISHMENT OF VESSEL REPAIRS UNDER NATIONAL SHIPPING AUTHORITY MASTER LUMP SUM REPAIR CONTRACT-NSA-LUMPSUMREP... inserted thereon: Number Classification 41 Maintenance Repairs (deck, engine and stewards department...

46 CFR Sec. 18 - Group classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION A-NATIONAL SHIPPING AUTHORITY PROCEDURE FOR ACCOMPLISHMENT OF VESSEL REPAIRS UNDER NATIONAL SHIPPING AUTHORITY MASTER LUMP SUM REPAIR CONTRACT-NSA-LUMPSUMREP... inserted thereon: Number Classification 41 Maintenance Repairs (deck, engine and stewards department...

46 CFR Sec. 18 - Group classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION A-NATIONAL SHIPPING AUTHORITY PROCEDURE FOR ACCOMPLISHMENT OF VESSEL REPAIRS UNDER NATIONAL SHIPPING AUTHORITY MASTER LUMP SUM REPAIR CONTRACT-NSA-LUMPSUMREP... inserted thereon: Number Classification 41 Maintenance Repairs (deck, engine and stewards department...

WITHDRAWN: Molecular classification of colorectal cancer: Current perspectives and controversies.

PubMed

Mohammed, Amrallah A; El-Tanni, Hani; El-Khatib, Hani M; Mirza, Ahmad A; El-Kashif, Amr T

2016-01-02

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the editor. The authors have plagiarized part of a paper that had already appeared in ASCO EDUCATIONAL BOOK (2014), 91-99 (http://meetinglibrary.asco.org/content/114000091-144). One of the conditions of submission of a paper for publication is that authors declare explicitly that their work is original and has not appeared in a publication elsewhere. Re-use of any data should be appropriately cited. As such this article represents an abuse of the scientific publishing system. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy. This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Using virtual data for training deep model for hand gesture recognition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nikolaev, E. I.; Dvoryaninov, P. V.; Lensky, Y. Y.; Drozdovsky, N. S.

2018-05-01

Deep learning has shown real promise for the classification efficiency for hand gesture recognition problems. In this paper, the authors present experimental results for a deeply-trained model for hand gesture recognition through the use of hand images. The authors have trained two deep convolutional neural networks. The first architecture produces the hand position as a 2D-vector by input hand image. The second one predicts the hand gesture class for the input image. The first proposed architecture produces state of the art results with an accuracy rate of 89% and the second architecture with split input produces accuracy rate of 85.2%. In this paper, the authors also propose using virtual data for training a supervised deep model. Such technique is aimed to avoid using original labelled images in the training process. The interest of this method in data preparation is motivated by the need to overcome one of the main challenges of deep supervised learning: using a copious amount of labelled data during training.

Single-Frame Terrain Mapping Software for Robotic Vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rankin, Arturo L.

2011-01-01

This software is a component in an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) perception system that builds compact, single-frame terrain maps for distribution to other systems, such as a world model or an operator control unit, over a local area network (LAN). Each cell in the map encodes an elevation value, terrain classification, object classification, terrain traversability, terrain roughness, and a confidence value into four bytes of memory. The input to this software component is a range image (from a lidar or stereo vision system), and optionally a terrain classification image and an object classification image, both registered to the range image. The single-frame terrain map generates estimates of the support surface elevation, ground cover elevation, and minimum canopy elevation; generates terrain traversability cost; detects low overhangs and high-density obstacles; and can perform geometry-based terrain classification (ground, ground cover, unknown). A new origin is automatically selected for each single-frame terrain map in global coordinates such that it coincides with the corner of a world map cell. That way, single-frame terrain maps correctly line up with the world map, facilitating the merging of map data into the world map. Instead of using 32 bits to store the floating-point elevation for a map cell, the vehicle elevation is assigned to the map origin elevation and reports the change in elevation (from the origin elevation) in terms of the number of discrete steps. The single-frame terrain map elevation resolution is 2 cm. At that resolution, terrain elevation from 20.5 to 20.5 m (with respect to the vehicle's elevation) is encoded into 11 bits. For each four-byte map cell, bits are assigned to encode elevation, terrain roughness, terrain classification, object classification, terrain traversability cost, and a confidence value. The vehicle s current position and orientation, the map origin, and the map cell resolution are all included in a header for each map. The map is compressed into a vector prior to delivery to another system.

[Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: clinical considerations].

PubMed

Castronovo, G; Ciulla, A; Tomasello, G; Urso, G; Damiani, S

2003-01-01

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (61ST) are an heterogeneous group of non epithelial tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. They are peculiar to extreme cellular variability and uncertain malignancy. Gist are rare tumors that arise from primitive mesenchymal cells located in all gastrointestinal tract. Till now they are object of discussion about their origin, diagnostic standards, prognostic factors, histopathological classification. They are more frequently in over 40 years old people without difference in two sex, but they can appear in the child too and in the young man suffering from HIV. The authors relate two cases of recent observation, and discuss on the biological behaviour of these rare tumors.

Early vertebrate origin and diversification of small transmembrane regulators of cellular ion transport.

PubMed

Pirkmajer, Sergej; Kirchner, Henriette; Lundell, Leonidas S; Zelenin, Pavel V; Zierath, Juleen R; Makarova, Kira S; Wolf, Yuri I; Chibalin, Alexander V

2017-07-15

Small transmembrane proteins such as FXYDs, which interact with Na + ,K + -ATPase, and the micropeptides that interact with sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase play fundamental roles in regulation of ion transport in vertebrates. Uncertain evolutionary origins and phylogenetic relationships among these regulators of ion transport have led to inconsistencies in their classification across vertebrate species, thus hampering comparative studies of their functions. We discovered the first FXYD homologue in sea lamprey, a basal jawless vertebrate, which suggests small transmembrane regulators of ion transport emerged early in the vertebrate lineage. We also identified 13 gene subfamilies of FXYDs and propose a revised, phylogeny-based FXYD classification that is consistent across vertebrate species. These findings provide an improved framework for investigating physiological and pathophysiological functions of small transmembrane regulators of ion transport. Small transmembrane proteins are important for regulation of cellular ion transport. The most prominent among these are members of the FXYD family (FXYD1-12), which regulate Na + ,K + -ATPase, and phospholamban, sarcolipin, myoregulin and DWORF, which regulate the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase (SERCA). FXYDs and regulators of SERCA are present in fishes, as well as terrestrial vertebrates; however, their evolutionary origins and phylogenetic relationships are obscure, thus hampering comparative physiological studies. Here we discovered that sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), a representative of extant jawless vertebrates (Cyclostomata), expresses an FXYD homologue, which strongly suggests that FXYDs predate the emergence of fishes and other jawed vertebrates (Gnathostomata). Using a combination of sequence-based phylogenetic analysis and conservation of local chromosome context, we determined that FXYDs markedly diversified in the lineages leading to cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes) and bony vertebrates (Euteleostomi). Diversification of SERCA regulators was much less extensive, indicating they operate under different evolutionary constraints. Finally, we found that FXYDs in extant vertebrates can be classified into 13 gene subfamilies, which do not always correspond to the established FXYD classification. We therefore propose a revised classification that is based on evolutionary history of FXYDs and that is consistent across vertebrate species. Collectively, our findings provide an improved framework for investigating the function of ion transport in health and disease. © 2017 The Authors. The Journal of Physiology © 2017 The Physiological Society.

Gene selection for microarray data classification via subspace learning and manifold regularization.

PubMed

Tang, Chang; Cao, Lijuan; Zheng, Xiao; Wang, Minhui

2017-12-19

With the rapid development of DNA microarray technology, large amount of genomic data has been generated. Classification of these microarray data is a challenge task since gene expression data are often with thousands of genes but a small number of samples. In this paper, an effective gene selection method is proposed to select the best subset of genes for microarray data with the irrelevant and redundant genes removed. Compared with original data, the selected gene subset can benefit the classification task. We formulate the gene selection task as a manifold regularized subspace learning problem. In detail, a projection matrix is used to project the original high dimensional microarray data into a lower dimensional subspace, with the constraint that the original genes can be well represented by the selected genes. Meanwhile, the local manifold structure of original data is preserved by a Laplacian graph regularization term on the low-dimensional data space. The projection matrix can serve as an importance indicator of different genes. An iterative update algorithm is developed for solving the problem. Experimental results on six publicly available microarray datasets and one clinical dataset demonstrate that the proposed method performs better when compared with other state-of-the-art methods in terms of microarray data classification. Graphical Abstract The graphical abstract of this work.

43 CFR 2462.1 - Publication of notice of, and public hearings on, proposed classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... hearings on, proposed classification. 2462.1 Section 2462.1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to... (2000) BUREAU INITIATED CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM Disposal Classification Procedure: Over 2,560 Acres § 2462.1 Publication of notice of, and public hearings on, proposed classification. The authorized officer...

43 CFR 2462.2 - Publication of notice of classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Publication of notice of classification... CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM Disposal Classification Procedure: Over 2,560 Acres § 2462.2 Publication of notice of classification. After having considered the comments received as the result of publication, the authorized...

Discrimination of almonds (Prunus dulcis) geographical origin by minerals and fatty acids profiling.

PubMed

Amorello, Diana; Orecchio, Santino; Pace, Andrea; Barreca, Salvatore

2016-09-01

Twenty-one almond samples from three different geographical origins (Sicily, Spain and California) were investigated by determining minerals and fatty acids compositions. Data were used to discriminate by chemometry almond origin by linear discriminant analysis. With respect to previous PCA profiling studies, this work provides a simpler analytical protocol for the identification of almonds geographical origin. Classification by using mineral contents data only was correct in 77% of the samples, while, by using fatty acid profiles, the percentages of samples correctly classified reached 82%. The coupling of mineral contents and fatty acid profiles lead to an increased efficiency of the classification with 87% of samples correctly classified.

Geographical classification of apple based on hyperspectral imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Zhiming; Huang, Wenqian; Chen, Liping; Zhao, Chunjiang; Peng, Yankun

2013-05-01

Attribute of apple according to geographical origin is often recognized and appreciated by the consumers. It is usually an important factor to determine the price of a commercial product. Hyperspectral imaging technology and supervised pattern recognition was attempted to discriminate apple according to geographical origins in this work. Hyperspectral images of 207 Fuji apple samples were collected by hyperspectral camera (400-1000nm). Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on hyperspectral imaging data to determine main efficient wavelength images, and then characteristic variables were extracted by texture analysis based on gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) from dominant waveband image. All characteristic variables were obtained by fusing the data of images in efficient spectra. Support vector machine (SVM) was used to construct the classification model, and showed excellent performance in classification results. The total classification rate had the high classify accuracy of 92.75% in the training set and 89.86% in the prediction sets, respectively. The overall results demonstrated that the hyperspectral imaging technique coupled with SVM classifier can be efficiently utilized to discriminate Fuji apple according to geographical origins.

Structural analysis of paintings based on brush strokes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sablatnig, Robert; Kammerer, Paul; Zolda, Ernestine

1998-05-01

The origin of works of art can often not be attributed to a certain artist. Likewise it is difficult to say whether paintings or drawings are originals or forgeries. In various fields of art new technical methods are used to examine the age, the state of preservation and the origin of the materials used. For the examination of paintings, radiological methods like X-ray and infra-red diagnosis, digital radiography, computer-tomography, etc. and color analyzes are employed to authenticate art. But all these methods do not relate certain characteristics in art work to a specific artist -- the artist's personal style. In order to study this personal style of a painter, experts in art history and image processing try to examine the 'structural signature' based on brush strokes within paintings, in particular in portrait miniatures. A computer-aided classification and recognition system for portrait miniatures is developed, which enables a semi- automatic classification and forgery detection based on content, color, and brush strokes. A hierarchically structured classification scheme is introduced which separates the classification into three different levels of information: color, shape of region, and structure of brush strokes.

New York State Thruway Authority automatic vehicle classification (AVC) : research report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-03-31

In December 2007, the N.Y.S. Thruway Authority (Thruway) concluded a Federal : funded research effort to study technology and develop a design for retrofitting : devices required in implementing a fully automated vehicle classification system i...

5 CFR 1312.1 - Purpose and authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., DOWNGRADING, DECLASSIFICATION AND SAFEGUARDING OF NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION Classification and Declassification of National Security Information § 1312.1 Purpose and authority. This subpart sets forth the procedures for the classification and declassification of national security information in the possession of...

Detection And Classification Of Web Robots With Honeypots

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-01

CLASSIFICATION OF WEB ROBOTS WITH HONEYPOTS by Sean F. McKenna March 2016 Thesis Advisor: Neil Rowe Second Reader: Justin P. Rohrer THIS...Master’s thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE DETECTION AND CLASSIFICATION OF WEB ROBOTS WITH HONEYPOTS 5. FUNDING NUMBERS 6. AUTHOR(S) Sean F. McKenna 7...DISTRIBUTION CODE 13. ABSTRACT (maximum 200 words) Web robots are automated programs that systematically browse the Web , collecting information. Although

28 CFR 17.30 - Classification challenges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Classification challenges. 17.30 Section... ACCESS TO CLASSIFIED INFORMATION Classified Information § 17.30 Classification challenges. (a) Authorized... is improperly classified or unclassified are encouraged and expected to challenge the classification...

18 CFR 1301.65 - Derivative classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... classification. 1301.65 Section 1301.65 Conservation of Power and Water Resources TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY PROCEDURES Protection of National Security Classified Information § 1301.65 Derivative classification. (a) In... classified, and the marking of newly developed material consistent with the classification markings that...

18 CFR 1301.65 - Derivative classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... classification. 1301.65 Section 1301.65 Conservation of Power and Water Resources TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY PROCEDURES Protection of National Security Classified Information § 1301.65 Derivative classification. (a) In... classified, and the marking of newly developed material consistent with the classification markings that...

18 CFR 1301.65 - Derivative classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... classification. 1301.65 Section 1301.65 Conservation of Power and Water Resources TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY PROCEDURES Protection of National Security Classified Information § 1301.65 Derivative classification. (a) In... classified, and the marking of newly developed material consistent with the classification markings that...

28 CFR 17.30 - Classification challenges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Classification challenges. 17.30 Section... ACCESS TO CLASSIFIED INFORMATION Classified Information § 17.30 Classification challenges. (a) Authorized... is improperly classified or unclassified are encouraged and expected to challenge the classification...

28 CFR 17.30 - Classification challenges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Classification challenges. 17.30 Section... ACCESS TO CLASSIFIED INFORMATION Classified Information § 17.30 Classification challenges. (a) Authorized... is improperly classified or unclassified are encouraged and expected to challenge the classification...

28 CFR 17.30 - Classification challenges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Classification challenges. 17.30 Section... ACCESS TO CLASSIFIED INFORMATION Classified Information § 17.30 Classification challenges. (a) Authorized... is improperly classified or unclassified are encouraged and expected to challenge the classification...

28 CFR 17.30 - Classification challenges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Classification challenges. 17.30 Section... ACCESS TO CLASSIFIED INFORMATION Classified Information § 17.30 Classification challenges. (a) Authorized... is improperly classified or unclassified are encouraged and expected to challenge the classification...

A new tree classification system for southern hardwoods

Treesearch

James S. Meadows; Daniel A. Jr. Skojac

2008-01-01

A new tree classification system for southern hardwoods is described. The new system is based on the Putnam tree classification system, originally developed by Putnam et al., 1960, Management ond inventory of southern hardwoods, Agriculture Handbook 181, US For. Sew., Washington, DC, which consists of four tree classes: (1) preferred growing stock, (2) reserve growing...

21 CFR 860.84 - Classification procedures for “old devices.”

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Classification procedures for “old devices.” (a) This subpart sets forth the procedures for the original... the appropriate classification panel organized and operated in accordance with section 513 (b) and (c... set forth in § 860.7 relating to the determination of safety and effectiveness; (2) Determines the...

A Two-Stream Deep Fusion Framework for High-Resolution Aerial Scene Classification

PubMed Central

Liu, Fuxian

2018-01-01

One of the challenging problems in understanding high-resolution remote sensing images is aerial scene classification. A well-designed feature representation method and classifier can improve classification accuracy. In this paper, we construct a new two-stream deep architecture for aerial scene classification. First, we use two pretrained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as feature extractor to learn deep features from the original aerial image and the processed aerial image through saliency detection, respectively. Second, two feature fusion strategies are adopted to fuse the two different types of deep convolutional features extracted by the original RGB stream and the saliency stream. Finally, we use the extreme learning machine (ELM) classifier for final classification with the fused features. The effectiveness of the proposed architecture is tested on four challenging datasets: UC-Merced dataset with 21 scene categories, WHU-RS dataset with 19 scene categories, AID dataset with 30 scene categories, and NWPU-RESISC45 dataset with 45 challenging scene categories. The experimental results demonstrate that our architecture gets a significant classification accuracy improvement over all state-of-the-art references. PMID:29581722

A Two-Stream Deep Fusion Framework for High-Resolution Aerial Scene Classification.

PubMed

Yu, Yunlong; Liu, Fuxian

2018-01-01

One of the challenging problems in understanding high-resolution remote sensing images is aerial scene classification. A well-designed feature representation method and classifier can improve classification accuracy. In this paper, we construct a new two-stream deep architecture for aerial scene classification. First, we use two pretrained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as feature extractor to learn deep features from the original aerial image and the processed aerial image through saliency detection, respectively. Second, two feature fusion strategies are adopted to fuse the two different types of deep convolutional features extracted by the original RGB stream and the saliency stream. Finally, we use the extreme learning machine (ELM) classifier for final classification with the fused features. The effectiveness of the proposed architecture is tested on four challenging datasets: UC-Merced dataset with 21 scene categories, WHU-RS dataset with 19 scene categories, AID dataset with 30 scene categories, and NWPU-RESISC45 dataset with 45 challenging scene categories. The experimental results demonstrate that our architecture gets a significant classification accuracy improvement over all state-of-the-art references.

33 CFR 402.6 - Volume Rebate Incentive program

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... defined under the Manager's commodity classification, for which a Volume Rebate is sought, the origin or... already move the commodity, as defined under the Manager's commodity classification, through the Seaway at...

33 CFR 402.6 - Volume Rebate Incentive program

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... defined under the Manager's commodity classification, for which a Volume Rebate is sought, the origin or... already move the commodity, as defined under the Manager's commodity classification, through the Seaway at...

Chordate evolution and the three-phylum system.

PubMed

Satoh, Noriyuki; Rokhsar, Daniel; Nishikawa, Teruaki

2014-11-07

Traditional metazoan phylogeny classifies the Vertebrata as a subphylum of the phylum Chordata, together with two other subphyla, the Urochordata (Tunicata) and the Cephalochordata. The Chordata, together with the phyla Echinodermata and Hemichordata, comprise a major group, the Deuterostomia. Chordates invariably possess a notochord and a dorsal neural tube. Although the origin and evolution of chordates has been studied for more than a century, few authors have intimately discussed taxonomic ranking of the three chordate groups themselves. Accumulating evidence shows that echinoderms and hemichordates form a clade (the Ambulacraria), and that within the Chordata, cephalochordates diverged first, with tunicates and vertebrates forming a sister group. Chordates share tadpole-type larvae containing a notochord and hollow nerve cord, whereas ambulacrarians have dipleurula-type larvae containing a hydrocoel. We propose that an evolutionary occurrence of tadpole-type larvae is fundamental to understanding mechanisms of chordate origin. Protostomes have now been reclassified into two major taxa, the Ecdysozoa and Lophotrochozoa, whose developmental pathways are characterized by ecdysis and trochophore larvae, respectively. Consistent with this classification, the profound dipleurula versus tadpole larval differences merit a category higher than the phylum. Thus, it is recommended that the Ecdysozoa, Lophotrochozoa, Ambulacraria and Chordata be classified at the superphylum level, with the Chordata further subdivided into three phyla, on the basis of their distinctive characteristics. © 2014 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.

14 CFR Sec. 19-7 - Passenger origin-destination survey.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Passenger origin-destination survey. Sec... AIR CARRIERS Operating Statistics Classifications Sec. 19-7 Passenger origin-destination survey. (a... carriers) shall participate in a Passenger Origin-Destination (O & D) Survey covering domestic and...

14 CFR 19-7 - Passenger origin-destination survey.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Passenger origin-destination survey. Sec... AIR CARRIERS Operating Statistics Classifications Sec. 19-7 Passenger origin-destination survey. (a... carriers) shall participate in a Passenger Origin-Destination (O & D) Survey covering domestic and...

14 CFR Sec. 19-7 - Passenger origin-destination survey.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Passenger origin-destination survey. Sec... AIR CARRIERS Operating Statistics Classifications Sec. 19-7 Passenger origin-destination survey. (a... carriers) shall participate in a Passenger Origin-Destination (O & D) Survey covering domestic and...

Basis of Criminalistic Classification of a Person in Republic Kazakhstan and Republic Mongolia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abdilov, Kanat S.; Zusbaev, Baurzan T.; Naurysbaev, Erlan A.; Nukiev, Berik A.; Nurkina, Zanar B.; Myrzahanov, Erlan N.; Urazalin, Galym T.

2016-01-01

In this article reviewed problems of the criminalistic classification building of a person. In the work were used legal formal, logical, comparative legal methods. The author describes classification kinds. Reveal the meaning of classification in criminalistic systematics. Shows types of grounds of criminalistic classification of a person.…

Source Code Stylometry Improvements in Python

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-12-14

person can be identified via their handwriting or an author identified by their style or prose, programmers can be identified by their code...to say , picking 1 author out of a known complete set. However, expanded open-world classification and multiauthor classification have also been

6 CFR 7.30 - Classification challenges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 6 Domestic Security 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Classification challenges. 7.30 Section 7.30... INFORMATION Classified Information § 7.30 Classification challenges. (a) Authorized holders of information... classified are encouraged and expected to challenge the classification status of that information pursuant to...

6 CFR 7.30 - Classification challenges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 6 Domestic Security 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Classification challenges. 7.30 Section 7.30... INFORMATION Classified Information § 7.30 Classification challenges. (a) Authorized holders of information... classified are encouraged and expected to challenge the classification status of that information pursuant to...

6 CFR 7.30 - Classification challenges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 6 Domestic Security 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Classification challenges. 7.30 Section 7.30... INFORMATION Classified Information § 7.30 Classification challenges. (a) Authorized holders of information... classified are encouraged and expected to challenge the classification status of that information pursuant to...

6 CFR 7.30 - Classification challenges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 6 Domestic Security 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Classification challenges. 7.30 Section 7.30... INFORMATION Classified Information § 7.30 Classification challenges. (a) Authorized holders of information... classified are encouraged and expected to challenge the classification status of that information pursuant to...

6 CFR 7.30 - Classification challenges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 6 Domestic Security 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Classification challenges. 7.30 Section 7.30... INFORMATION Classified Information § 7.30 Classification challenges. (a) Authorized holders of information... classified are encouraged and expected to challenge the classification status of that information pursuant to...

5 CFR 1312.6 - Duration of classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... classification authority shall follow the following sequence: (i) He/She shall attempt to determine a date or... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Duration of classification. 1312.6 Section 1312.6 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET OMB DIRECTIVES CLASSIFICATION...

Original and Mirror Face Images and Minimum Squared Error Classification for Visible Light Face Recognition.

PubMed

Wang, Rong

2015-01-01

In real-world applications, the image of faces varies with illumination, facial expression, and poses. It seems that more training samples are able to reveal possible images of the faces. Though minimum squared error classification (MSEC) is a widely used method, its applications on face recognition usually suffer from the problem of a limited number of training samples. In this paper, we improve MSEC by using the mirror faces as virtual training samples. We obtained the mirror faces generated from original training samples and put these two kinds of samples into a new set. The face recognition experiments show that our method does obtain high accuracy performance in classification.

Spatial scale and distribution of neurovascular signals underlying decoding of orientation and eye of origin from fMRI data

PubMed Central

Harrison, Charlotte; Jackson, Jade; Oh, Seung-Mock; Zeringyte, Vaida

2016-01-01

Multivariate pattern analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data is widely used, yet the spatial scales and origin of neurovascular signals underlying such analyses remain unclear. We compared decoding performance for stimulus orientation and eye of origin from fMRI measurements in human visual cortex with predictions based on the columnar organization of each feature and estimated the spatial scales of patterns driving decoding. Both orientation and eye of origin could be decoded significantly above chance in early visual areas (V1–V3). Contrary to predictions based on a columnar origin of response biases, decoding performance for eye of origin in V2 and V3 was not significantly lower than that in V1, nor did decoding performance for orientation and eye of origin differ significantly. Instead, response biases for both features showed large-scale organization, evident as a radial bias for orientation, and a nasotemporal bias for eye preference. To determine whether these patterns could drive classification, we quantified the effect on classification performance of binning voxels according to visual field position. Consistent with large-scale biases driving classification, binning by polar angle yielded significantly better decoding performance for orientation than random binning in V1–V3. Similarly, binning by hemifield significantly improved decoding performance for eye of origin. Patterns of orientation and eye preference bias in V2 and V3 showed a substantial degree of spatial correlation with the corresponding patterns in V1, suggesting that response biases in these areas originate in V1. Together, these findings indicate that multivariate classification results need not reflect the underlying columnar organization of neuronal response selectivities in early visual areas. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Large-scale response biases can account for decoding of orientation and eye of origin in human early visual areas V1–V3. For eye of origin this pattern is a nasotemporal bias; for orientation it is a radial bias. Differences in decoding performance across areas and stimulus features are not well predicted by differences in columnar-scale organization of each feature. Large-scale biases in extrastriate areas are spatially correlated with those in V1, suggesting biases originate in primary visual cortex. PMID:27903637

32 CFR 1633.5 - Securing information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Securing information. 1633.5 Section 1633.5... CLASSIFICATION § 1633.5 Securing information. The classifying authority is authorized to request and receive information whenever such information will assist in determining the proper classification of a registrant. ...

Classification Shell Game.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Etzold, Carol

1983-01-01

Discusses shell classification exercises. Through keying students advanced from the "I know what a shell looks like" stage to become involved in the classification process: observing, labeling, making decisions about categories, and identifying marine animals. (Author/JN)

6 CFR 7.21 - Classification of information, limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 6 Domestic Security 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Classification of information, limitations. 7.21... NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION Classified Information § 7.21 Classification of information, limitations. (a... classification authority is classifying the information; (2) The information is owned by, produced by or for, or...

6 CFR 7.21 - Classification of information, limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 6 Domestic Security 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Classification of information, limitations. 7.21... NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION Classified Information § 7.21 Classification of information, limitations. (a... classification authority is classifying the information; (2) The information is owned by, produced by or for, or...

6 CFR 7.21 - Classification of information, limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 6 Domestic Security 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Classification of information, limitations. 7.21... NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION Classified Information § 7.21 Classification of information, limitations. (a... classification authority is classifying the information; (2) The information is owned by, produced by or for, or...

6 CFR 7.21 - Classification of information, limitations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 6 Domestic Security 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Classification of information, limitations. 7.21... NATIONAL SECURITY INFORMATION Classified Information § 7.21 Classification of information, limitations. (a... classification authority is classifying the information; (2) The information is owned by, produced by or for, or...

Semantic Classification of Diseases in Discharge Summaries Using a Context-aware Rule-based Classifier

PubMed Central

Solt, Illés; Tikk, Domonkos; Gál, Viktor; Kardkovács, Zsolt T.

2009-01-01

Objective Automated and disease-specific classification of textual clinical discharge summaries is of great importance in human life science, as it helps physicians to make medical studies by providing statistically relevant data for analysis. This can be further facilitated if, at the labeling of discharge summaries, semantic labels are also extracted from text, such as whether a given disease is present, absent, questionable in a patient, or is unmentioned in the document. The authors present a classification technique that successfully solves the semantic classification task. Design The authors introduce a context-aware rule-based semantic classification technique for use on clinical discharge summaries. The classification is performed in subsequent steps. First, some misleading parts are removed from the text; then the text is partitioned into positive, negative, and uncertain context segments, then a sequence of binary classifiers is applied to assign the appropriate semantic labels. Measurement For evaluation the authors used the documents of the i2b2 Obesity Challenge and adopted its evaluation measures: F1-macro and F1-micro for measurements. Results On the two subtasks of the Obesity Challenge (textual and intuitive classification) the system performed very well, and achieved a F1-macro = 0.80 for the textual and F1-macro = 0.67 for the intuitive tasks, and obtained second place at the textual and first place at the intuitive subtasks of the challenge. Conclusions The authors show in the paper that a simple rule-based classifier can tackle the semantic classification task more successfully than machine learning techniques, if the training data are limited and some semantic labels are very sparse. PMID:19390101

A comprehensive quality evaluation method by FT-NIR spectroscopy and chemometric: Fine classification and untargeted authentication against multiple frauds for Chinese Ganoderma lucidum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fu, Haiyan; Yin, Qiaobo; Xu, Lu; Wang, Weizheng; Chen, Feng; Yang, Tianming

2017-07-01

The origins and authenticity against frauds are two essential aspects of food quality. In this work, a comprehensive quality evaluation method by FT-NIR spectroscopy and chemometrics were suggested to address the geographical origins and authentication of Chinese Ganoderma lucidum (GL). Classification for 25 groups of GL samples (7 common species from 15 producing areas) was performed using near-infrared spectroscopy and interval-combination One-Versus-One least squares support vector machine (IC-OVO-LS-SVM). Untargeted analysis of 4 adulterants of cheaper mushrooms was performed by one-class partial least squares (OCPLS) modeling for each of the 7 GL species. After outlier diagnosis and comparing the influences of different preprocessing methods and spectral intervals on classification, IC-OVO-LS-SVM with standard normal variate (SNV) spectra obtained a total classification accuracy of 0.9317, an average sensitivity and specificity of 0.9306 and 0.9971, respectively. With SNV or second-order derivative (D2) spectra, OCPLS could detect at least 2% or more doping levels of adulterants for 5 of the 7 GL species and 5% or more doping levels for the other 2 GL species. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using new chemometrics and NIR spectroscopy for fine classification of GL geographical origins and species as well as for untargeted analysis of multiple adulterants.

12 CFR 1229.3 - Criteria for a Bank's capital classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Criteria for a Bank's capital classification... CLASSIFICATIONS AND PROMPT CORRECTIVE ACTION Federal Home Loan Banks § 1229.3 Criteria for a Bank's capital classification. (a) Adequately capitalized. Except where the Director has exercised authority to reclassify a...

The Influence of Tactile Perception on Classification of Bone Tissue at Dental Implant Insertion.

PubMed

Linck, Gláucia Kelly Silva Barbosa; Ferreira, Geovane Miranda; De Oliveira, Rubelisa Cândido Gomes; Lindh, Christina; Leles, Cláudio Rodrigues; Ribeiro-Rotta, Rejane Faria

2016-06-01

Various ways of using the Lekholm and Zarb (L&Z) classification have added to the lack of scientific evidence of the effectiveness of this clinical method in the evaluation of implant treatment. The study aims to assess subjective jawbone classifications in patients referred for implant treatment, using L&Z classification with and without surgeon's hand perception at implant insertion. The association between bone type classifications and quantitative parameters of primary implant stability was also assessed. One hundred thirty-five implants were inserted using conventional loading protocol. Three surgeons classified bone quality at implant sites using two methods: one based on periapical and panoramic images (modified L&Z) and one based on the same images associated with the surgeon's tactile perception during drilling (original L&Z). Peak insertion torque and implant stability quotient (ISQ) were recorded. The modified and original L&Z were strongly correlated (rho = 0.79; p < .001); Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed no significant difference in the distribution of bone type classification between pairs using the two methods (p = .538). Spearman correlation tested the association between primary stability parameters and bone type classifications (-0.34 to -0.57 [p < .001]). Tactile surgical perception has a minor influence on rating of subjective bone type for dental implant treatment using the L&Z classification. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Matching watershed and otolith chemistry to establish natal origin of an endangered desert lake sucker

USGS Publications Warehouse

Strohm, Deanna D.; Budy, Phaedra; Crowl, Todd A.

2017-01-01

Stream habitat restoration and supplemental stocking of hatchery-reared fish have increasingly become key components of recovery plans for imperiled freshwater fish; however, determining when to discontinue stocking efforts, prioritizing restoration areas, and evaluating restoration success present a conservation challenge. In this study, we demonstrate that otolith microchemistry is an effective tool for establishing natal origin of the June Sucker Chasmistes liorus, an imperiled potamodromous fish. This approach allows us to determine whether a fish is of wild or hatchery origin in order to assess whether habitat restoration enhances recruitment and to further identify areas of critical habitat. Our specific objectives were to (1) quantify and characterize chemical variation among three main spawning tributaries; (2) understand the relationship between otolith microchemistry and tributary chemistry; and (3) develop and validate a classification model to identify stream origin using otolith microchemistry data. We quantified molar ratios of Sr:Ca, Ba:Ca, and Mg:Ca for water and otolith chemistry from three main tributaries to Utah Lake, Utah, during the summer of 2013. Water chemistry (loge transformed Sr:Ca, Ba:Ca, and Mg:Ca ratios) differed significantly across all three spawning tributaries. We determined that Ba:Ca and Sr:Ca ratios were the most important variables driving our classification models, and we observed a strong linear relationship between water and otolith values for Sr:Ca and Ba:Ca but not for Mg:Ca. Classification models derived from otolith element : Ca signatures accurately sorted individuals to their experimental tributary of origin (classification tree: 89% accuracy; random forest model: 91% accuracy) and determined wild versus hatchery origin with 100% accuracy. Overall, this study aids in evaluating the effectiveness of restoration, tracking progress toward recovery, and prioritizing future restoration plans for fishes of conservation concern. Our results have further application, such as identifying subpopulations that provide the greatest reproductive contribution to a metapopulation or finding the reproductive area and origin of invasive fishes.

The use of δ(2)H and δ(18)O isotopic analyses combined with chemometrics as a traceability tool for the geographical origin of bell peppers.

PubMed

de Rijke, E; Schoorl, J C; Cerli, C; Vonhof, H B; Verdegaal, S J A; Vivó-Truyols, G; Lopatka, M; Dekter, R; Bakker, D; Sjerps, M J; Ebskamp, M; de Koster, C G

2016-08-01

Two approaches were investigated to discriminate between bell peppers of different geographic origins. Firstly, δ(18)O fruit water and corresponding source water were analyzed and correlated to the regional GNIP (Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation) values. The water and GNIP data showed good correlation with the pepper data, with constant isotope fractionation of about -4. Secondly, compound-specific stable hydrogen isotope data was used for classification. Using n-alkane fingerprinting data, both linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and a likelihood-based classification, using the kernel-density smoothed data, were developed to discriminate between peppers from different origins. Both methods were evaluated using the δ(2)H values and n-alkanes relative composition as variables. Misclassification rates were calculated using a Monte-Carlo 5-fold cross-validation procedure. Comparable overall classification performance was achieved, however, the two methods showed sensitivity to different samples. The combined values of δ(2)H IRMS, and complimentary information regarding the relative abundance of four main alkanes in bell pepper fruit water, has proven effective for geographic origin discrimination. Evaluation of the rarity of observing particular ranges for these characteristics could be used to make quantitative assertions regarding geographic origin of bell peppers and, therefore, have a role in verifying compliance with labeling of geographical origin. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Society for Vascular Surgery Lower Extremity Threatened Limb Classification System: risk stratification based on wound, ischemia, and foot infection (WIfI).

PubMed

Mills, Joseph L; Conte, Michael S; Armstrong, David G; Pomposelli, Frank B; Schanzer, Andres; Sidawy, Anton N; Andros, George

2014-01-01

Critical limb ischemia, first defined in 1982, was intended to delineate a subgroup of patients with a threatened lower extremity primarily because of chronic ischemia. It was the intent of the original authors that patients with diabetes be excluded or analyzed separately. The Fontaine and Rutherford Systems have been used to classify risk of amputation and likelihood of benefit from revascularization by subcategorizing patients into two groups: ischemic rest pain and tissue loss. Due to demographic shifts over the last 40 years, especially a dramatic rise in the incidence of diabetes mellitus and rapidly expanding techniques of revascularization, it has become increasingly difficult to perform meaningful outcomes analysis for patients with threatened limbs using these existing classification systems. Particularly in patients with diabetes, limb threat is part of a broad disease spectrum. Perfusion is only one determinant of outcome; wound extent and the presence and severity of infection also greatly impact the threat to a limb. Therefore, the Society for Vascular Surgery Lower Extremity Guidelines Committee undertook the task of creating a new classification of the threatened lower extremity that reflects these important considerations. We term this new framework, the Society for Vascular Surgery Lower Extremity Threatened Limb Classification System. Risk stratification is based on three major factors that impact amputation risk and clinical management: Wound, Ischemia, and foot Infection (WIfI). The implementation of this classification system is intended to permit more meaningful analysis of outcomes for various forms of therapy in this challenging, but heterogeneous population. Copyright © 2014 Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

MALDI-TOF typing highlights geographical and fluconazole resistance clusters in Candida glabrata.

PubMed

Dhieb, C; Normand, A C; Al-Yasiri, M; Chaker, E; El Euch, D; Vranckx, K; Hendrickx, M; Sadfi, N; Piarroux, R; Ranque, S

2015-06-01

Utilizing matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectra for Candida glabrata typing would be a cost-effective and easy-to-use alternative to classical DNA-based typing methods. This study aimed to use MALDI-TOF for the typing of C. glabrata clinical isolates from various geographical origins and test its capacity to differentiate between fluconazole-sensitive and -resistant strains.Both microsatellite length polymorphism (MLP) and MALDI-TOF mass spectra of 58 C. glabrata isolates originating from Marseilles (France) and Tunis (Tunisia) as well as collection strains from diverse geographic origins were analyzed. The same analysis was conducted on a subset of C. glabrata isolates that were either susceptible (MIC ≤ 8 mg/l) or resistant (MIC ≥ 64 mg/l) to fluconazole.According to the seminal results, both MALDI-TOF and MLP classifications could highlight C. glabrata population structures associated with either geographical dispersal barriers (p < 10(-5)) or the selection of antifungal drug resistance traits (<10(-5)).In conclusion, MALDI-TOF geographical clustering was congruent with MPL genotyping and highlighted a significant population genetic structure according to fluconazole susceptibility in C. glabrata. Furthermore, although MALDI-TOF and MLP resulted in distinct classifications, MALDI-TOF also classified the isolates with respect to their fluconazole susceptibility profile. Further prospective studies are required to evaluate the capacity of MALDI-TOF typing to investigate C. glabrata infection outbreaks and predict the antifungal susceptibility profile of clinical laboratory isolates. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The International Society for Human and Animal Mycology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Hypohidrotic and hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia: a report of two cases.

PubMed

Vasconcelos Carvalho, Marianne; Romero Souto de Sousa, José; Paiva Correa de Melo, Filipe; Fonseca Faro, Tatiane; Nunes Santos, Ana Clara; Carvalho, Silvia; Veras Sobral, Ana Paula

2013-07-14

Ectodermal dysplasias are a large group of syndromes characterized by anomalies in the structures of ectodermal origin. There are 2 major types of this disorder, based on clinical findings: hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. This clinical classification is very important because clinical professionals involved with this disease need first a clear and practical method of diagnosis. The main oral manifestation of ectodermal dysplasia may be expressed as hypodontia. Thus, dental professionals may be the first to diagnose ectodermal dysplasia. The present article reports one case of each of the main types (hypohidrotic and hidrotic) of ectodermal dysplasia and the authors review the literature regarding the pathogenesis, clinical features, and therapeutic management of this condition.

MetaNetter 2: A Cytoscape plugin for ab initio network analysis and metabolite feature classification.

PubMed

Burgess, K E V; Borutzki, Y; Rankin, N; Daly, R; Jourdan, F

2017-12-15

Metabolomics frequently relies on the use of high resolution mass spectrometry data. Classification and filtering of this data remain a challenging task due to the plethora of complex mass spectral artefacts, chemical noise, adducts and fragmentation that occur during ionisation and analysis. Additionally, the relationships between detected compounds can provide a wealth of information about the nature of the samples and the biochemistry that gave rise to them. We present a biochemical networking tool: MetaNetter 2 that is based on the original MetaNetter, a Cytoscape plugin that creates ab initio networks. The new version supports two major improvements: the generation of adduct networks and the creation of tables that map adduct or transformation patterns across multiple samples, providing a readout of compound relationships. We have applied this tool to the analysis of adduct patterns in the same sample separated under two different chromatographies, allowing inferences to be made about the effect of different buffer conditions on adduct detection, and the application of the chemical transformation analysis to both a single fragmentation analysis and an all-ions fragmentation dataset. Finally, we present an analysis of a dataset derived from anaerobic and aerobic growth of the organism Staphylococcus aureus demonstrating the utility of the tool for biological analysis. Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

10 CFR 1016.33 - External transmission of documents and material.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... ordinary manner and sealed with tape, the appropriate classification shall be placed on both sides of the... address. (3) The outer envelope or wrapper shall be addressed in the ordinary manner. No classification... clearance or access authorization who have been given written authority by their employers. (2) Confidential...

10 CFR 1016.33 - External transmission of documents and material.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... ordinary manner and sealed with tape, the appropriate classification shall be placed on both sides of the... address. (3) The outer envelope or wrapper shall be addressed in the ordinary manner. No classification... clearance or access authorization who have been given written authority by their employers. (2) Confidential...

Treatment-Based Classification versus Usual Care for Management of Low Back Pain

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-10-01

AWARD NUMBER: W81XWH-11-1-0657 TITLE: Treatment-Based Classification versus Usual Care for Management of Low Back Pain PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR...Treatment-Based Classification versus Usual Care for Management of Low Back Pain 5b. GRANT NUMBER W81XWH-11-1-0657 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6...AUTHOR(S) MAJ Daniel Rhon – daniel_rhon@baylor.edu 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S

Distance Metric between 3D Models and 2D Images for Recognition and Classification

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-07-01

and 2D Image__ for Recognition and Classification D TIC Ronen Basri and Daphna Weinshall ELECTE JAN2 91993’ Abstract C Similarity measurements...Research Projects Agency of the Department of Defense under Office of Naval Research contract N00014-19-J-4038. Ronen Basri is supported by the...Distance Metric Between 3D Models and 2D Images for N00014-85-K-0124 Recognition and Classification N00014-91-J-4038 6. AUTHOR(S) Ronen Basri and

A Review of Major Nursing Vocabularies and the Extent to Which They Have the Characteristics Required for Implementation in Computer-based Systems

PubMed Central

Henry, Suzanne Bakken; Warren, Judith J.; Lange, Linda; Button, Patricia

1998-01-01

Building on the work of previous authors, the Computer-based Patient Record Institute (CPRI) Work Group on Codes and Structures has described features of a classification scheme for implementation within a computer-based patient record. The authors of the current study reviewed the evaluation literature related to six major nursing vocabularies (the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association Taxonomy 1, the Nursing Interventions Classification, the Nursing Outcomes Classification, the Home Health Care Classification, the Omaha System, and the International Classification for Nursing Practice) to determine the extent to which the vocabularies include the CPRI features. None of the vocabularies met all criteria. The Omaha System, Home Health Care Classification, and International Classification for Nursing Practice each included five features. Criteria not fully met by any systems were clear and non-redundant representation of concepts, administrative cross-references, syntax and grammar, synonyms, uncertainty, context-free identifiers, and language independence. PMID:9670127

The effect of lossy image compression on image classification

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Paola, Justin D.; Schowengerdt, Robert A.

1995-01-01

We have classified four different images, under various levels of JPEG compression, using the following classification algorithms: minimum-distance, maximum-likelihood, and neural network. The training site accuracy and percent difference from the original classification were tabulated for each image compression level, with maximum-likelihood showing the poorest results. In general, as compression ratio increased, the classification retained its overall appearance, but much of the pixel-to-pixel detail was eliminated. We also examined the effect of compression on spatial pattern detection using a neural network.

43 CFR 2091.7-1 - Segregative effect and opening: Classifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...: Classifications. 2091.7-1 Section 2091.7-1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued... RULES Segregation and Opening of Lands § 2091.7-1 Segregative effect and opening: Classifications. (a)(1... authority of the Classification and Multiple Use Act (43 U.S.C. 1411-18) are segregated to the extent...

5 CFR 2500.5 - Derivative classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 2500.5 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION, EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT INFORMATION SECURITY REGULATION § 2500.5 Derivative classification. The Office of Administration serves only as the temporary physical custodian of classified information which originated in other agencies of the Executive...

SOM Classification of Martian TES Data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hogan, R. C.; Roush, T. L.

2002-01-01

A classification scheme based on unsupervised self-organizing maps (SOM) is described. Results from its application to the ASU mineral spectral database are presented. Applications to the Martian Thermal Emission Spectrometer data are discussed. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.

6 CFR 7.28 - Automatic declassification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... years after the date of its original classification with the exception of specific information exempt... information whenever the information exempted does not identify a confidential human source or human... Classification Appeals Panel (ISCAP) for approval. (d) Declassification guides that narrowly and precisely define...

6 CFR 7.28 - Automatic declassification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... years after the date of its original classification with the exception of specific information exempt... information whenever the information exempted does not identify a confidential human source or human... Classification Appeals Panel (ISCAP) for approval. (d) Declassification guides that narrowly and precisely define...

6 CFR 7.28 - Automatic declassification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... years after the date of its original classification with the exception of specific information exempt... information whenever the information exempted does not identify a confidential human source or human... Classification Appeals Panel (ISCAP) for approval. (d) Declassification guides that narrowly and precisely define...

6 CFR 7.28 - Automatic declassification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... years after the date of its original classification with the exception of specific information exempt... information whenever the information exempted does not identify a confidential human source or human... Classification Appeals Panel (ISCAP) for approval. (d) Declassification guides that narrowly and precisely define...

28 CFR 17.25 - Identification and markings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... classified at a level equivalent to that level of classification assigned by the originating foreign government. (c) Information assigned a level of classification under predecessor Executive Orders shall be... ACCESS TO CLASSIFIED INFORMATION Classified Information § 17.25 Identification and markings. (a...

Beyond the frontiers of neuronal types

PubMed Central

Battaglia, Demian; Karagiannis, Anastassios; Gallopin, Thierry; Gutch, Harold W.; Cauli, Bruno

2012-01-01

Cortical neurons and, particularly, inhibitory interneurons display a large diversity of morphological, synaptic, electrophysiological, and molecular properties, as well as diverse embryonic origins. Various authors have proposed alternative classification schemes that rely on the concomitant observation of several multimodal features. However, a broad variability is generally observed even among cells that are grouped into a same class. Furthermore, the attribution of specific neurons to a single defined class is often difficult, because individual properties vary in a highly graded fashion, suggestive of continua of features between types. Going beyond the description of representative traits of distinct classes, we focus here on the analysis of atypical cells. We introduce a novel paradigm for neuronal type classification, assuming explicitly the existence of a structured continuum of diversity. Our approach, grounded on the theory of fuzzy sets, identifies a small optimal number of model archetypes. At the same time, it quantifies the degree of similarity between these archetypes and each considered neuron. This allows highlighting archetypal cells, which bear a clear similarity to a single model archetype, and edge cells, which manifest a convergence of traits from multiple archetypes. PMID:23403725

Structurally Altered Hard Coal in the Areas of Tectonic Disturbances - An Initial Attempt at Classification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Godyń, Katarzyna

2016-09-01

As regards the exploitation of hard coal seams, the near-fault zones and faults themselves are considered to be particularly dangerous areas, which is due to a high probability of the occurrence of gasogeodynamic phenomena. Tectonic dislocations running across a seam have a destructive impact on coal. Degradation of the coal structure, particularly visible in the microscale, is reflected in the coal's strength or gas properties. Such "structurally altered" coal is characterized by the presence of numerous fracturings, crushed areas, or dislocations of some of its fragments, and sometimes even the total destruction of the original structure. The present paper provides a detailed analysis and description of near-fault coal obtained from selected seams of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, completed due to the application of optical methods. Both the type and the degree of changes in the structure of such coal were identified. On this basis, the author attempted to systematize the nomenclature used in relation to selected Upper Silesian hard coal seams, which, in turn, resulted in a proposed classification of the "altered structures" of the near-fault coal.

Towards a phylogenetic classification of Leptothecata (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)

PubMed Central

Maronna, Maximiliano M.; Miranda, Thaís P.; Peña Cantero, Álvaro L.; Barbeitos, Marcos S.; Marques, Antonio C.

2016-01-01

Leptothecata are hydrozoans whose hydranths are covered by perisarc and gonophores and whose medusae bear gonads on their radial canals. They develop complex polypoid colonies and exhibit considerable morphological variation among species with respect to growth, defensive structures and mode of development. For instance, several lineages within this order have lost the medusa stage. Depending on the author, traditional taxonomy in hydrozoans may be either polyp- or medusa-oriented. Therefore, the absence of the latter stage in some lineages may lead to very different classification schemes. Molecular data have proved useful in elucidating this taxonomic challenge. We analyzed a super matrix of new and published rRNA gene sequences (16S, 18S and 28S), employing newly proposed methods to measure branch support and improve phylogenetic signal. Our analysis recovered new clades not recognized by traditional taxonomy and corroborated some recently proposed taxa. We offer a thorough taxonomic revision of the Leptothecata, erecting new orders, suborders, infraorders and families. We also discuss the origination and diversification dynamics of the group from a macroevolutionary perspective. PMID:26821567

46 CFR 8.430 - U.S. Supplement to class rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... authorization to participate in the ACP, a recognized classification society must prepare, and receive Commandant (CG-521) approval of, a U.S. Supplement to the recognized classification society's class rules... of that classification society or applicable international regulations. ...

46 CFR 8.430 - U.S. Supplement to class rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... authorization to participate in the ACP, a recognized classification society must prepare, and receive Commandant (CG-521) approval of, a U.S. Supplement to the recognized classification society's class rules... of that classification society or applicable international regulations. ...

46 CFR 8.200 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Recognition of a Classification Society § 8.200 Purpose. This subpart establishes criteria and procedures for vessel classification societies to obtain recognition from the Coast Guard. This recognition is necessary in order for a classification society to become authorized to perform vessel inspection and...

46 CFR 8.200 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Recognition of a Classification Society § 8.200 Purpose. This subpart establishes criteria and procedures for vessel classification societies to obtain recognition from the Coast Guard. This recognition is necessary in order for a classification society to become authorized to perform vessel inspection and...

Validation of the Lung Subtyping Panel in Multiple Fresh-Frozen and Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Lung Tumor Gene Expression Data Sets.

PubMed

Faruki, Hawazin; Mayhew, Gregory M; Fan, Cheng; Wilkerson, Matthew D; Parker, Scott; Kam-Morgan, Lauren; Eisenberg, Marcia; Horten, Bruce; Hayes, D Neil; Perou, Charles M; Lai-Goldman, Myla

2016-06-01

Context .- A histologic classification of lung cancer subtypes is essential in guiding therapeutic management. Objective .- To complement morphology-based classification of lung tumors, a previously developed lung subtyping panel (LSP) of 57 genes was tested using multiple public fresh-frozen gene-expression data sets and a prospectively collected set of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung tumor samples. Design .- The LSP gene-expression signature was evaluated in multiple lung cancer gene-expression data sets totaling 2177 patients collected from 4 platforms: Illumina RNAseq (San Diego, California), Agilent (Santa Clara, California) and Affymetrix (Santa Clara) microarrays, and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Gene centroids were calculated for each of 3 genomic-defined subtypes: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and neuroendocrine, the latter of which encompassed both small cell carcinoma and carcinoid. Classification by LSP into 3 subtypes was evaluated in both fresh-frozen and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor samples, and agreement with the original morphology-based diagnosis was determined. Results .- The LSP-based classifications demonstrated overall agreement with the original clinical diagnosis ranging from 78% (251 of 322) to 91% (492 of 538 and 869 of 951) in the fresh-frozen public data sets and 84% (65 of 77) in the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded data set. The LSP performance was independent of tissue-preservation method and gene-expression platform. Secondary, blinded pathology review of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples demonstrated concordance of 82% (63 of 77) with the original morphology diagnosis. Conclusions .- The LSP gene-expression signature is a reproducible and objective method for classifying lung tumors and demonstrates good concordance with morphology-based classification across multiple data sets. The LSP panel can supplement morphologic assessment of lung cancers, particularly when classification by standard methods is challenging.

Pelvic Arterial Anatomy Relevant to Prostatic Artery Embolisation and Proposal for Angiographic Classification

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Assis, André Moreira de, E-mail: andre.maa@gmail.com; Moreira, Airton Mota, E-mail: motamoreira@gmail.com; Paula Rodrigues, Vanessa Cristina de, E-mail: vanessapaular@yahoo.com.br

PurposeTo describe and categorize the angiographic findings regarding prostatic vascularization, propose an anatomic classification, and discuss its implications for the PAE procedure.MethodsAngiographic findings from 143 PAE procedures were reviewed retrospectively, and the origin of the inferior vesical artery (IVA) was classified into five subtypes as follows: type I: IVA originating from the anterior division of the internal iliac artery (IIA), from a common trunk with the superior vesical artery (SVA); type II: IVA originating from the anterior division of the IIA, inferior to the SVA origin; type III: IVA originating from the obturator artery; type IV: IVA originating from themore » internal pudendal artery; and type V: less common origins of the IVA. Incidences were calculated by percentage.ResultsTwo hundred eighty-six pelvic sides (n = 286) were analyzed, and 267 (93.3 %) were classified into I–IV types. Among them, the most common origin was type IV (n = 89, 31.1 %), followed by type I (n = 82, 28.7 %), type III (n = 54, 18.9 %), and type II (n = 42, 14.7 %). Type V anatomy was seen in 16 cases (5.6 %). Double vascularization, defined as two independent prostatic branches in one pelvic side, was seen in 23 cases (8.0 %).ConclusionsDespite the large number of possible anatomical variations of male pelvis, four main patterns corresponded to almost 95 % of the cases. Evaluation of anatomy in a systematic fashion, following a standard classification, will make PAE a faster, safer, and more effective procedure.« less

Cell of origin associated classification of B-cell malignancies by gene signatures of the normal B-cell hierarchy.

PubMed

Johnsen, Hans Erik; Bergkvist, Kim Steve; Schmitz, Alexander; Kjeldsen, Malene Krag; Hansen, Steen Møller; Gaihede, Michael; Nørgaard, Martin Agge; Bæch, John; Grønholdt, Marie-Louise; Jensen, Frank Svendsen; Johansen, Preben; Bødker, Julie Støve; Bøgsted, Martin; Dybkær, Karen

2014-06-01

Recent findings have suggested biological classification of B-cell malignancies as exemplified by the "activated B-cell-like" (ABC), the "germinal-center B-cell-like" (GCB) and primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and "recurrent translocation and cyclin D" (TC) classification of multiple myeloma. Biological classification of B-cell derived cancers may be refined by a direct and systematic strategy where identification and characterization of normal B-cell differentiation subsets are used to define the cancer cell of origin phenotype. Here we propose a strategy combining multiparametric flow cytometry, global gene expression profiling and biostatistical modeling to generate B-cell subset specific gene signatures from sorted normal human immature, naive, germinal centrocytes and centroblasts, post-germinal memory B-cells, plasmablasts and plasma cells from available lymphoid tissues including lymph nodes, tonsils, thymus, peripheral blood and bone marrow. This strategy will provide an accurate image of the stage of differentiation, which prospectively can be used to classify any B-cell malignancy and eventually purify tumor cells. This report briefly describes the current models of the normal B-cell subset differentiation in multiple tissues and the pathogenesis of malignancies originating from the normal germinal B-cell hierarchy.

46 CFR 8.100 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... § 8.100 Definitions. Authorized Classification Society means a recognized classification society that... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions. 8.100 Section 8.100 Shipping COAST GUARD... Coast Guard. Class Rules means the standards developed and published by a classification society...

76 FR 76896 - International Anti-Fouling System Certificate

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-09

...-fouling System (IAFS) Certificate to the list of certificates a recognized classification society may..., 2001. This final rule will enable recognized classification societies to apply to the Coast Guard for... the Coast Guard to authorize recognized classification societies to issue IAFS Certificates...

46 CFR 126.235 - Alternate compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... purposes of this section, a list of authorized classification societies, including information for ordering copies of approved classification society rules and supplements, is available from Commandant (CG-5212.... Approved classification society rules and supplements are incorporated by reference into 46 CFR 8.110(b...

46 CFR 126.235 - Alternate compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... purposes of this section, a list of authorized classification societies, including information for ordering copies of approved classification society rules and supplements, is available from Commandant (CG-5212.... Approved classification society rules and supplements are incorporated by reference into 46 CFR 8.110(b...

46 CFR 91.15-5 - Alternate compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... this section, a list of authorized classification societies, including information for ordering copies of approved classification society rules and supplements, is available from Commandant (CG-521), 2100.... Approved classification society rules and supplements are incorporated by reference into 46 CFR 8.110(b...

46 CFR 91.15-5 - Alternate compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... this section, a list of authorized classification societies, including information for ordering copies of approved classification society rules and supplements, is available from Commandant (CG-521), 2100.... Approved classification society rules and supplements are incorporated by reference into 46 CFR 8.110(b...

Interactive Electronic Circuit Simulation on Small Computer Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-11-01

longer needed. Do not return it to the originator. UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (Whan Dots Entered) REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE... CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE(H7i»n Data Entend) Interactive-mode circuit simulation and batch-mode circuit simulation on minicomputers are compared...on the circuit Q. For circuits with Q less than 1, this ratio is typically 10:1. UNCLASSIFIED 2 SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGEflWiim Data

Archaeal-eubacterial mergers in the origin of Eukarya: phylogenetic classification of life

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Margulis, L.

1996-01-01

A symbiosis-based phylogeny leads to a consistent, useful classification system for all life. "Kingdoms" and "Domains" are replaced by biological names for the most inclusive taxa: Prokarya (bacteria) and Eukarya (symbiosis-derived nucleated organisms). The earliest Eukarya, anaerobic mastigotes, hypothetically originated from permanent whole-cell fusion between members of Archaea (e.g., Thermoplasma-like organisms) and of Eubacteria (e.g., Spirochaeta-like organisms). Molecular biology, life-history, and fossil record evidence support the reunification of bacteria as Prokarya while subdividing Eukarya into uniquely defined subtaxa: Protoctista, Animalia, Fungi, and Plantae.

Integration of adaptive guided filtering, deep feature learning, and edge-detection techniques for hyperspectral image classification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wan, Xiaoqing; Zhao, Chunhui; Gao, Bing

2017-11-01

The integration of an edge-preserving filtering technique in the classification of a hyperspectral image (HSI) has been proven effective in enhancing classification performance. This paper proposes an ensemble strategy for HSI classification using an edge-preserving filter along with a deep learning model and edge detection. First, an adaptive guided filter is applied to the original HSI to reduce the noise in degraded images and to extract powerful spectral-spatial features. Second, the extracted features are fed as input to a stacked sparse autoencoder to adaptively exploit more invariant and deep feature representations; then, a random forest classifier is applied to fine-tune the entire pretrained network and determine the classification output. Third, a Prewitt compass operator is further performed on the HSI to extract the edges of the first principal component after dimension reduction. Moreover, the regional growth rule is applied to the resulting edge logical image to determine the local region for each unlabeled pixel. Finally, the categories of the corresponding neighborhood samples are determined in the original classification map; then, the major voting mechanism is implemented to generate the final output. Extensive experiments proved that the proposed method achieves competitive performance compared with several traditional approaches.

Bimanual Capacity of Children With Cerebral Palsy: Intra- and Interrater Reliability of a Revised Edition of the Bimanual Fine Motor Function Classification.

PubMed

Elvrum, Ann-Kristin G; Beckung, Eva; Sæther, Rannei; Lydersen, Stian; Vik, Torstein; Himmelmann, Kate

2017-08-01

To develop a revised edition of the Bimanual Fine Motor Function (BFMF 2), as a classification of fine motor capacity in children with cerebral palsy (CP), and establish intra- and interrater reliability of this edition. The content of the original BFMF was discussed by an expert panel, resulting in a revised edition comprising the original description of the classification levels, but in addition including figures with specific explanatory text. Four professionals classified fine motor function of 79 children (3-17 years; 45 boys) who represented all subtypes of CP and Manual Ability Classification levels (I-V). Intra- and inter-rater reliability was assessed using overall intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), and Cohen's quadratic weighted kappa. The overall ICC was 0.86. Cohen's weighted kappa indicated high intra-rater (к w : >0.90) and inter-rater (к w : >0.85) reliability. The revised BFMF 2 had high intra- and interrater reliability. The classification levels could be determined from short video recordings (<5 minutes), using the figures and precise descriptions of the fine motor function levels included in the BFMF 2. Thus, the BFMF 2 may be a feasible and useful classification of fine motor capacity both in research and in clinical practice.

28 CFR 17.28 - Automatic declassification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... declassified not later than 25 years after the date of its original classification with the exception of... information exempted does not identify a confidential human source or human intelligence source. (c) Proposed... submit it to the Executive Secretary of the Interagency Security Classification Appeals Panel. (d...

28 CFR 17.28 - Automatic declassification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... declassified not later than 25 years after the date of its original classification with the exception of... information exempted does not identify a confidential human source or human intelligence source. (c) Proposed... submit it to the Executive Secretary of the Interagency Security Classification Appeals Panel. (d...

28 CFR 17.28 - Automatic declassification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... declassified not later than 25 years after the date of its original classification with the exception of... information exempted does not identify a confidential human source or human intelligence source. (c) Proposed... submit it to the Executive Secretary of the Interagency Security Classification Appeals Panel. (d...

28 CFR 17.28 - Automatic declassification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... declassified not later than 25 years after the date of its original classification with the exception of... information exempted does not identify a confidential human source or human intelligence source. (c) Proposed... submit it to the Executive Secretary of the Interagency Security Classification Appeals Panel. (d...

28 CFR 17.28 - Automatic declassification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... declassified not later than 25 years after the date of its original classification with the exception of... information exempted does not identify a confidential human source or human intelligence source. (c) Proposed... submit it to the Executive Secretary of the Interagency Security Classification Appeals Panel. (d...

Leishmania infections: Molecular targets and diagnosis.

PubMed

Akhoundi, Mohammad; Downing, Tim; Votýpka, Jan; Kuhls, Katrin; Lukeš, Julius; Cannet, Arnaud; Ravel, Christophe; Marty, Pierre; Delaunay, Pascal; Kasbari, Mohamed; Granouillac, Bruno; Gradoni, Luigi; Sereno, Denis

2017-10-01

Progress in the diagnosis of leishmaniases depends on the development of effective methods and the discovery of suitable biomarkers. We propose firstly an update classification of Leishmania species and their synonymies. We demonstrate a global map highlighting the geography of known endemic Leishmania species pathogenic to humans. We summarize a complete list of techniques currently in use and discuss their advantages and limitations. The available data highlights the benefits of molecular markers in terms of their sensitivity and specificity to quantify variation from the subgeneric level to species complexes, (sub) species within complexes, and individual populations and infection foci. Each DNA-based detection method is supplied with a comprehensive description of markers and primers and proposal for a classification based on the role of each target and primer in the detection, identification and quantification of leishmaniasis infection. We outline a genome-wide map of genes informative for diagnosis that have been used for Leishmania genotyping. Furthermore, we propose a classification method based on the suitability of well-studied molecular markers for typing the 21 known Leishmania species pathogenic to humans. This can be applied to newly discovered species and to hybrid strains originating from inter-species crosses. Developing more effective and sensitive diagnostic methods and biomarkers is vital for enhancing Leishmania infection control programs. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

MULTI-K: accurate classification of microarray subtypes using ensemble k-means clustering

PubMed Central

Kim, Eun-Youn; Kim, Seon-Young; Ashlock, Daniel; Nam, Dougu

2009-01-01

Background Uncovering subtypes of disease from microarray samples has important clinical implications such as survival time and sensitivity of individual patients to specific therapies. Unsupervised clustering methods have been used to classify this type of data. However, most existing methods focus on clusters with compact shapes and do not reflect the geometric complexity of the high dimensional microarray clusters, which limits their performance. Results We present a cluster-number-based ensemble clustering algorithm, called MULTI-K, for microarray sample classification, which demonstrates remarkable accuracy. The method amalgamates multiple k-means runs by varying the number of clusters and identifies clusters that manifest the most robust co-memberships of elements. In addition to the original algorithm, we newly devised the entropy-plot to control the separation of singletons or small clusters. MULTI-K, unlike the simple k-means or other widely used methods, was able to capture clusters with complex and high-dimensional structures accurately. MULTI-K outperformed other methods including a recently developed ensemble clustering algorithm in tests with five simulated and eight real gene-expression data sets. Conclusion The geometric complexity of clusters should be taken into account for accurate classification of microarray data, and ensemble clustering applied to the number of clusters tackles the problem very well. The C++ code and the data sets tested are available from the authors. PMID:19698124

``All that Matter ... in One Big Bang ...'', &Other Cosmological Singularities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Elizalde, Emilio

2018-02-01

The first part of this paper contains a brief description of the beginnings of modern cosmology, which, the author will argue, was most likely born in the Year 1912. Some of the pieces of evidence presented here have emerged from recent research in the history of science, and are not usually shared with the general audiences in popular science books. In special, the issue of the correct formulation of the original Big Bang concept, according to the precise words of Fred Hoyle, is discussed. Too often, this point is very deficiently explained (when not just misleadingly) in most of the available generalist literature. Other frequent uses of the same words, Big Bang, as to name the initial singularity of the cosmos, and also whole cosmological models, are then addressed, as evolutions of its original meaning. Quantum and inflationary additions to the celebrated singularity theorems by Penrose, Geroch, Hawking and others led to subsequent results by Borde, Guth and Vilenkin. And corresponding corrections to the Einstein field equations have originated, in particular, $R^2$, $f(R)$, and scalar-tensor gravities, giving rise to a plethora of new singularities. For completeness, an updated table with a classification of the same is given.

Hyperspectral imaging applied to complex particulate solids systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bonifazi, Giuseppe; Serranti, Silvia

2008-04-01

HyperSpectral Imaging (HSI) is based on the utilization of an integrated hardware and software (HW&SW) platform embedding conventional imaging and spectroscopy to attain both spatial and spectral information from an object. Although HSI was originally developed for remote sensing, it has recently emerged as a powerful process analytical tool, for non-destructive analysis, in many research and industrial sectors. The possibility to apply on-line HSI based techniques in order to identify and quantify specific particulate solid systems characteristics is presented and critically evaluated. The originally developed HSI based logics can be profitably applied in order to develop fast, reliable and lowcost strategies for: i) quality control of particulate products that must comply with specific chemical, physical and biological constraints, ii) performance evaluation of manufacturing strategies related to processing chains and/or realtime tuning of operative variables and iii) classification-sorting actions addressed to recognize and separate different particulate solid products. Case studies, related to recent advances in the application of HSI to different industrial sectors, as agriculture, food, pharmaceuticals, solid waste handling and recycling, etc. and addressed to specific goals as contaminant detection, defect identification, constituent analysis and quality evaluation are described, according to authors' originally developed application.

Test of spectral/spatial classifier

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Landgrebe, D. A. (Principal Investigator); Kast, J. L.; Davis, B. J.

1977-01-01

The author has identified the following significant results. The supervised ECHO processor (which utilizes class statistics for object identification) successfully exploits the redundancy of states characteristic of sampled imagery of ground scenes to achieve better classification accuracy, reduce the number of classifications required, and reduce the variability of classification results. The nonsupervised ECHO processor (which identifies objects without the benefit of class statistics) successfully reduces the number of classifications required and the variability of the classification results.

46 CFR 8.240 - Application for recognition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ALTERNATIVES Recognition of a Classification Society § 8.240 Application for recognition. (a) A classification society must apply for recognition in writing to the Commandant (CG-521). (b) An application must indicate which specific authority the classification society seeks to have delegated. (c) Upon verification from...

46 CFR 8.240 - Application for recognition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... ALTERNATIVES Recognition of a Classification Society § 8.240 Application for recognition. (a) A classification society must apply for recognition in writing to the Commandant (CG-521). (b) An application must indicate which specific authority the classification society seeks to have delegated. (c) Upon verification from...

46 CFR 71.15-5 - Alternate compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... list of authorized classification societies, including information for ordering copies of approved classification society rules and supplements, is available from Commandant (CG-521), 2100 2nd St. SW., Stop 7126, Washington, DC 20593-7126; telephone (202) 372-1372; or fax (202) 372-1925. Approved classification society...

46 CFR 71.15-5 - Alternate compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... list of authorized classification societies, including information for ordering copies of approved classification society rules and supplements, is available from Commandant (CG-521), 2100 2nd St. SW., Stop 7126, Washington, DC 20593-7126; telephone (202) 372-1372; or fax (202) 372-1925. Approved classification society...

33 CFR 150.805 - What reports must be sent both to a classification society and to the Coast Guard?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... of each report submitted to an authorized classification society, as defined in 46 CFR 8.100, for... a classification society and to the Coast Guard? 150.805 Section 150.805 Navigation and Navigable...: OPERATIONS Reports and Records Reports § 150.805 What reports must be sent both to a classification society...

33 CFR 150.805 - What reports must be sent both to a classification society and to the Coast Guard?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... of each report submitted to an authorized classification society, as defined in 46 CFR 8.100, for... a classification society and to the Coast Guard? 150.805 Section 150.805 Navigation and Navigable...: OPERATIONS Reports and Records Reports § 150.805 What reports must be sent both to a classification society...

Faces of poverty: sensitivity and specificity of economic classifications in rural Vietnam.

PubMed

Khe, Nguyen Duy; Eriksson, Bo; Phuong, Do Nguyen; Höjer, Bengt; Diwan, Vinod K

2003-01-01

Poverty concepts and measurements have occupied philosophers for centuries and are subject to debate by researchers. A wide range of possible measures have been developed and used. Most research is country specific and different methods produce different pictures of poverty. This study aimed to compare measures of poverty within an epidemiological field laboratory in Bavi District, northern Vietnam (FilaBavi) and specifically to find out whether the official economic classification made by the local authority matched other measurements of socioeconomic status. Structured questionnaires were used to collect socioeconomic information in 11,547 households. In addition, the official classification for individual households was recorded. Five economic indicators were constructed: income, expenditure, household assets, housing conditions, and local authority's estimation. Official economic classification and housing score were symmetrically distributed, while assets score and particularly income were highly skewed. Design effects were high because of high intra-cluster correlations. No indicator was closely correlated with any other. Sensitivity and positive predictive value for poverty were generally low for all indicators. The authors' findings do not suggest that any of the indicators used is substantially better than the other or better than the Official Economic Classification made by local authority. The results also show that no indicator is particularly useful to predict the values of any other indicator and different poverty indicators may classify different socioeconomic groups as poor.

Supporting breast-feeding when a woman is homeless.

PubMed

Crespo-Fierro, Michele; Lunney, Margaret

2011-01-01

This case study demonstrates use of standardized nursing languages in the care of new mothers in community settings. The author collected data from clinical practice as an instructor in a baccalaureate nursing program and from the research literature. The appropriate nursing diagnoses, outcomes, and interventions were identified in partnership with the new mother. This case shows that NANDA International (NANDA-I), the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), and the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) are useful to direct nursing care in community settings. When teaching nursing students in a baccalaureate program, nurse faculty can use NANDA-I, NOC, and NIC classifications to guide the growing practice of nursing students in community settings. © 2011, The Authors. International Journal of Nursing Terminologies and Classifications © 2011, NANDA International.

Human error analysis of commercial aviation accidents using the human factors analysis and classification system (HFACS)

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-02-01

The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) is a general human error framework : originally developed and tested within the U.S. military as a tool for investigating and analyzing the human : causes of aviation accidents. Based upon ...

A Method for Application of Classification Tree Models to Map Aquatic Vegetation Using Remotely Sensed Images from Different Sensors and Dates

PubMed Central

Jiang, Hao; Zhao, Dehua; Cai, Ying; An, Shuqing

2012-01-01

In previous attempts to identify aquatic vegetation from remotely-sensed images using classification trees (CT), the images used to apply CT models to different times or locations necessarily originated from the same satellite sensor as that from which the original images used in model development came, greatly limiting the application of CT. We have developed an effective normalization method to improve the robustness of CT models when applied to images originating from different sensors and dates. A total of 965 ground-truth samples of aquatic vegetation types were obtained in 2009 and 2010 in Taihu Lake, China. Using relevant spectral indices (SI) as classifiers, we manually developed a stable CT model structure and then applied a standard CT algorithm to obtain quantitative (optimal) thresholds from 2009 ground-truth data and images from Landsat7-ETM+, HJ-1B-CCD, Landsat5-TM and ALOS-AVNIR-2 sensors. Optimal CT thresholds produced average classification accuracies of 78.1%, 84.7% and 74.0% for emergent vegetation, floating-leaf vegetation and submerged vegetation, respectively. However, the optimal CT thresholds for different sensor images differed from each other, with an average relative variation (RV) of 6.40%. We developed and evaluated three new approaches to normalizing the images. The best-performing method (Method of 0.1% index scaling) normalized the SI images using tailored percentages of extreme pixel values. Using the images normalized by Method of 0.1% index scaling, CT models for a particular sensor in which thresholds were replaced by those from the models developed for images originating from other sensors provided average classification accuracies of 76.0%, 82.8% and 68.9% for emergent vegetation, floating-leaf vegetation and submerged vegetation, respectively. Applying the CT models developed for normalized 2009 images to 2010 images resulted in high classification (78.0%–93.3%) and overall (92.0%–93.1%) accuracies. Our results suggest that Method of 0.1% index scaling provides a feasible way to apply CT models directly to images from sensors or time periods that differ from those of the images used to develop the original models.

A Preliminary Statistical Investigation into the Impace of an N-Gram Analysis Approach Based on World Syntactic Categories Toward Text Author Classification

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-06-01

of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources...words: N-gram, Shakespeare , Middleton, Wardigo, Funeral Elegy, Author Classification Introduction Literary experts refer to the style of the ...signed W. S. at the time of the investigation; the jury was still out as to the identity of its author. It has been noted as of late

Enriching User-Oriented Class Associations for Library Classification Schemes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pu, Hsiao-Tieh; Yang, Chyan

2003-01-01

Explores the possibility of adding user-oriented class associations to hierarchical library classification schemes. Analyses a log of book circulation records from a university library in Taiwan and shows that classification schemes can be made more adaptable by analyzing circulation patterns of similar users. (Author/LRW)

46 CFR 189.15-5 - Alternate compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., a list of authorized classification societies, including information for ordering copies of approved classification society rules and supplements, is available from Commandant (CG-521), 2100 2nd St., SW., Stop 7126, Washington, DC 20593-7126; telephone (202) 372-1371; or fax (202) 372-1925. Approved classification society...

46 CFR 189.15-5 - Alternate compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., a list of authorized classification societies, including information for ordering copies of approved classification society rules and supplements, is available from Commandant (CG-521), 2100 2nd St., SW., Stop 7126, Washington, DC 20593-7126; telephone (202) 372-1371; or fax (202) 372-1925. Approved classification society...

Advanced Extraction of Spatial Information from High Resolution Satellite Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pour, T.; Burian, J.; Miřijovský, J.

2016-06-01

In this paper authors processed five satellite image of five different Middle-European cities taken by five different sensors. The aim of the paper was to find methods and approaches leading to evaluation and spatial data extraction from areas of interest. For this reason, data were firstly pre-processed using image fusion, mosaicking and segmentation processes. Results going into the next step were two polygon layers; first one representing single objects and the second one representing city blocks. In the second step, polygon layers were classified and exported into Esri shapefile format. Classification was partly hierarchical expert based and partly based on the tool SEaTH used for separability distinction and thresholding. Final results along with visual previews were attached to the original thesis. Results are evaluated visually and statistically in the last part of the paper. In the discussion author described difficulties of working with data of large size, taken by different sensors and different also thematically.

Evidence-based health care management: what is the research evidence available for health care managers?

PubMed

Jaana, Mirou; Vartak, Smruti; Ward, Marcia M

2014-09-01

In light of increasing interest in evidence-based management, we conducted a scoping review of systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) to determine the availability and accessibility of evidence for health care managers; 14 MAs and 61 SRs met the inclusion criteria. Most reviews appeared in medical journals (53%), originated in the United States (29%) or United Kingdom (22%), were hospital-based (55%), and targeted clinical providers (55%). Topics included health services organization (34%), quality/patient safety (17%), information technology (15%), organization/workplace management (13%), and health care workforce (12%). Most reviews addressed clinical topics of relevance to managers; management-related interventions were rare. The management issues were mostly classified as operational (65%). Surprisingly, 96.5% of search results were not on target. A better classification within PubMed is needed to increase the accessibility of meaningful resources and facilitate evidence retrieval. Health care journals should take initiatives encouraging the publication of reviews in relevant management areas. © The Author(s) 2013.

Incorporating Multiple-Choice Questions into an AACSB Assurance of Learning Process: A Course-Embedded Assessment Application to an Introductory Finance Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Santos, Michael R.; Hu, Aidong; Jordan, Douglas

2014-01-01

The authors offer a classification technique to make a quantitative skills rubric more operational, with the groupings of multiple-choice questions to match the student learning levels in knowledge, calculation, quantitative reasoning, and analysis. The authors applied this classification technique to the mid-term exams of an introductory finance…

Where's the Psychology? A Commentary on "Unique Characteristics of Diagnostic Classification Models: A Comprehensive Review of the Current State-of-the-Art"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leighton, Jacqueline P.

2008-01-01

In this commentary, the author asks the analogous question, "where's the psychology?" Not because the authors of the focus article "Unique Characteristics of Diagnostic Classification Models: A Comprehensive Review of the Current State-of-the-Art" have not provided a solid review of the technical aspects of Diagnostic…

Determination of geographical origin of alcoholic beverages using ultraviolet, visible and infrared spectroscopy: A review

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Uríčková, Veronika; Sádecká, Jana

2015-09-01

The identification of the geographical origin of beverages is one of the most important issues in food chemistry. Spectroscopic methods provide a relative rapid and low cost alternative to traditional chemical composition or sensory analyses. This paper reviews the current state of development of ultraviolet (UV), visible (Vis), near infrared (NIR) and mid infrared (MIR) spectroscopic techniques combined with pattern recognition methods for determining geographical origin of both wines and distilled drinks. UV, Vis, and NIR spectra contain broad band(s) with weak spectral features limiting their discrimination ability. Despite this expected shortcoming, each of the three spectroscopic ranges (NIR, Vis/NIR and UV/Vis/NIR) provides average correct classification higher than 82%. Although average correct classification is similar for NIR and MIR regions, in some instances MIR data processing improves prediction. Advantage of using MIR is that MIR peaks are better defined and more easily assigned than NIR bands. In general, success in a classification depends on both spectral range and pattern recognition methods. The main problem still remains the construction of databanks needed for all of these methods.

Applications of remote sensing, volume 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Landgrebe, D. A. (Principal Investigator)

1977-01-01

The author has identified the following significant results. ECHO successfully exploits the redundancy of states characteristics of sampled imagery of ground scenes to achieve better classification accuracy, reduce the number of classifications required, and reduce the variability of classification results. The information required to produce ECHO classifications are cell size, cell homogeneity, cell-to-field annexation parameters, input data, and a class conditional marginal density statistics deck.

46 CFR 8.410 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Compliance Program § 8.410 Applicability. This subpart applies to: (a) Recognized classification societies... recognized classification society that is authorized by the Coast Guard to participate in the Alternate...

46 CFR 8.410 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Compliance Program § 8.410 Applicability. This subpart applies to: (a) Recognized classification societies... recognized classification society that is authorized by the Coast Guard to participate in the Alternate...

49 CFR 8.21 - Burden of proof.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Office of the Secretary of Transportation CLASSIFIED INFORMATION: CLASSIFICATION/DECLASSIFICATION/ACCESS Classification/Declassification of Information § 8.21 Burden of proof. For the purpose of determinations to be made under §§ 8.13, 8.15, and 8.17, the burden of proof is on the originating Departmental agency to...

49 CFR 8.21 - Burden of proof.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Office of the Secretary of Transportation CLASSIFIED INFORMATION: CLASSIFICATION/DECLASSIFICATION/ACCESS Classification/Declassification of Information § 8.21 Burden of proof. For the purpose of determinations to be made under §§ 8.13, 8.15, and 8.17, the burden of proof is on the originating Departmental agency to...

78 FR 59995 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.; Notice of Filing of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-30

... Change To Clarify the Classification and Reporting of Certain Securities to FINRA September 24, 2013... interpretation to clarify the classification and the reporting of certain securities to FINRA. The proposed rule....'' FINRA recently has received inquiries regarding the appropriate classification of certain ``hybrid...

Library Classification 2020

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harris, Christopher

2013-01-01

In this article the author explores how a new library classification system might be designed using some aspects of the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) and ideas from other systems to create something that works for school libraries in the year 2020. By examining what works well with the Dewey Decimal System, what features should be carried…

46 CFR 8.440 - Vessel enrollment in the Alternate Compliance Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... classification society and accepted by the Coast Guard, the cognizant OCMI may decline to issue a certificate of... recognized classification society authorized by the Coast Guard to determine compliance with applicable international treaties and agreements, the classification society's class rules, and the U.S. supplement...

46 CFR 8.440 - Vessel enrollment in the Alternate Compliance Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... classification society and accepted by the Coast Guard, the cognizant OCMI may decline to issue a certificate of... recognized classification society authorized by the Coast Guard to determine compliance with applicable international treaties and agreements, the classification society's class rules, and the U.S. Supplement...

46 CFR 8.440 - Vessel enrollment in the Alternate Compliance Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... classification society and accepted by the Coast Guard, the cognizant OCMI may decline to issue a certificate of... recognized classification society authorized by the Coast Guard to determine compliance with applicable international treaties and agreements, the classification society's class rules, and the U.S. supplement...

46 CFR 8.440 - Vessel enrollment in the Alternate Compliance Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... issuance or renewal of a COI may submit the vessel for classification, plan review and inspection by a recognized classification society authorized by the Coast Guard to determine compliance with applicable international treaties and agreements, the classification society's class rules, and the U.S. Supplement...

46 CFR 8.440 - Vessel enrollment in the Alternate Compliance Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... issuance or renewal of a COI may submit the vessel for classification, plan review and inspection by a recognized classification society authorized by the Coast Guard to determine compliance with applicable international treaties and agreements, the classification society's class rules, and the U.S. Supplement...

5 CFR 9901.203 - Waivers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... (NSPS) Classification General § 9901.203 Waivers. (a) When a specified category of employees is covered by a classification system established under this subpart, the provisions of 5 U.S.C. chapter 51 are..., §§ 9901.106, and 9901.222(d) (with respect to OPM's authority to act on requests for classification...

5 CFR 9901.203 - Waivers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... (NSPS) Classification General § 9901.203 Waivers. (a) When a specified category of employees is covered by a classification system established under this subpart, the provisions of 5 U.S.C. chapter 51 are..., §§ 9901.106, and 9901.222(d) (with respect to OPM's authority to act on requests for classification...

Evidentiary Reasoning in Diagnostic Classification Models

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Levy, Roy

2009-01-01

In "Unique Characteristics of Diagnostic Classification Models: A Comprehensive Review of the Current State-of-the-Art," Rupp and Templin (2008) undertake the ambitious task of providing a thorough portrait of the current state of diagnostic classification models (DCM). In this commentary, the author applauds Rupp and Templin for their…

Source identification of western Oregon Douglas-fir wood cores using mass spectrometry and random forest classification.

PubMed

Finch, Kristen; Espinoza, Edgard; Jones, F Andrew; Cronn, Richard

2017-05-01

We investigated whether wood metabolite profiles from direct analysis in real time (time-of-flight) mass spectrometry (DART-TOFMS) could be used to determine the geographic origin of Douglas-fir wood cores originating from two regions in western Oregon, USA. Three annual ring mass spectra were obtained from 188 adult Douglas-fir trees, and these were analyzed using random forest models to determine whether samples could be classified to geographic origin, growth year, or growth year and geographic origin. Specific wood molecules that contributed to geographic discrimination were identified. Douglas-fir mass spectra could be differentiated into two geographic classes with an accuracy between 70% and 76%. Classification models could not accurately classify sample mass spectra based on growth year. Thirty-two molecules were identified as key for classifying western Oregon Douglas-fir wood cores to geographic origin. DART-TOFMS is capable of detecting minute but regionally informative differences in wood molecules over a small geographic scale, and these differences made it possible to predict the geographic origin of Douglas-fir wood with moderate accuracy. Studies involving DART-TOFMS, alone and in combination with other technologies, will be relevant for identifying the geographic origin of illegally harvested wood.

Evaluation of change detection techniques for monitoring coastal zone environments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Weismiller, R. A. (Principal Investigator); Kristof, S. J.; Scholz, D. K.; Anuta, P. E.; Momin, S. M.

1977-01-01

The author has identified the following significant results. Four change detection techniques were designed and implemented for evaluation: (1) post classification comparison change detection, (2) delta data change detection, (3) spectral/temporal change classification, and (4) layered spectral/temporal change classification. The post classification comparison technique reliably identified areas of change and was used as the standard for qualitatively evaluating the other three techniques. The layered spectral/temporal change classification and the delta data change detection results generally agreed with the post classification comparison technique results; however, many small areas of change were not identified. Major discrepancies existed between the post classification comparison and spectral/temporal change detection results.

Designing a Classification System for Internet Offenders: Doing Cognitive Distortions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hundersmarck, Steven F.; Durkin, Keith F.; Delong, Ronald L.

2007-01-01

Televised features such as NBC's "To Catch a Predator" have highlighted the growing problem posed by Internet sexual predators. This paper reports on the authors' attempts in designing a classification system for Internet offenders. The classification system was designed based on existing theory, understanding the nature of Internet offenders and…

75 FR 34319 - User Fees for 2010 Crop Cotton Classification Services to Growers

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-17

...-AC99 User Fees for 2010 Crop Cotton Classification Services to Growers AGENCY: Agricultural Marketing... fees for cotton producers for 2010 crop cotton classification services under the Cotton Statistics and Estimates Act at the same level as in 2009. These fees are also authorized under the Cotton Standards Act of...

76 FR 25533 - User Fees for 2011 Crop Cotton Classification Services to Growers

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-05

...-AD11 User Fees for 2011 Crop Cotton Classification Services to Growers AGENCY: Agricultural Marketing... fees for cotton producers for 2011 crop cotton classification services under the Cotton Statistics and Estimates Act at the same level as in 2010. These fees are also authorized under the Cotton Standards Act of...

Evaluation of Barrier Cable Impact Pad Materials

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-03-01

INFORMATION CENTER CAMERON STATION ALEXANDRIA, VIRGINIA 22314 Unclassified SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB...No. 0704-0188 _____________________________________________Exp. Date: Jun 30, 1986 la. REPORT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION lb. RESTRICTIVE MARKINGS...Unclassified 2a. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION AUTHORITY 3. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY OF REPORT 2b. DECLASSIFICATION/DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE Approved for public

Chem I Supplement: The Geochemistry of Coal: I. The Classification and Origin of Coal.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schobert, Harold H.

1989-01-01

Discusses the composition and properties of various types of coal. Follows the origin of coal and amounts available in the ground. Explores the anaerobic decay needed to produce coal. Touches upon the greenhouse effect. (MVL)

Guidelines for Classification of Resident and Nonresident Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Washington State Council on Higher Education, Olympia.

A law was enacted during the session of the 1971 Washington State Legislature establishing definitions and procedures for residence classification. In the 1972 special session of the legislature, the 1971 residence law was amended to clarify several questions relative to the original legislation. At that time it was determined that the Council on…

46 CFR 8.310 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... classification societies; and (b) All U.S. flag vessels that are certificated for international voyages and are classed by a recognized classification society that is authorized by the Coast Guard to issue the...

46 CFR 8.310 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... classification societies; and (b) All U.S. flag vessels that are certificated for international voyages and are classed by a recognized classification society that is authorized by the Coast Guard to issue the...

Automatic crack detection and classification method for subway tunnel safety monitoring.

PubMed

Zhang, Wenyu; Zhang, Zhenjiang; Qi, Dapeng; Liu, Yun

2014-10-16

Cracks are an important indicator reflecting the safety status of infrastructures. This paper presents an automatic crack detection and classification methodology for subway tunnel safety monitoring. With the application of high-speed complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) industrial cameras, the tunnel surface can be captured and stored in digital images. In a next step, the local dark regions with potential crack defects are segmented from the original gray-scale images by utilizing morphological image processing techniques and thresholding operations. In the feature extraction process, we present a distance histogram based shape descriptor that effectively describes the spatial shape difference between cracks and other irrelevant objects. Along with other features, the classification results successfully remove over 90% misidentified objects. Also, compared with the original gray-scale images, over 90% of the crack length is preserved in the last output binary images. The proposed approach was tested on the safety monitoring for Beijing Subway Line 1. The experimental results revealed the rules of parameter settings and also proved that the proposed approach is effective and efficient for automatic crack detection and classification.

Selected-ion flow-tube mass-spectrometry (SIFT-MS) fingerprinting versus chemical profiling for geographic traceability of Moroccan Argan oils.

PubMed

Kharbach, Mourad; Kamal, Rabie; Mansouri, Mohammed Alaoui; Marmouzi, Ilias; Viaene, Johan; Cherrah, Yahia; Alaoui, Katim; Vercammen, Joeri; Bouklouze, Abdelaziz; Vander Heyden, Yvan

2018-10-15

This study investigated the effectiveness of SIFT-MS versus chemical profiling, both coupled to multivariate data analysis, to classify 95 Extra Virgin Argan Oils (EVAO), originating from five Moroccan Argan forest locations. The full scan option of SIFT-MS, is suitable to indicate the geographic origin of EVAO based on the fingerprints obtained using the three chemical ionization precursors (H 3 O + , NO + and O 2 + ). The chemical profiling (including acidity, peroxide value, spectrophotometric indices, fatty acids, tocopherols- and sterols composition) was also used for classification. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), and support vector machines (SVM), were compared. The SIFT-MS data were therefore fed to variable-selection methods to find potential biomarkers for classification. The classification models based either on chemical profiling or SIFT-MS data were able to classify the samples with high accuracy. SIFT-MS was found to be advantageous for rapid geographic classification. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Style consistent classification of isogenous patterns.

PubMed

Sarkar, Prateek; Nagy, George

2005-01-01

In many applications of pattern recognition, patterns appear together in groups (fields) that have a common origin. For example, a printed word is usually a field of character patterns printed in the same font. A common origin induces consistency of style in features measured on patterns. The features of patterns co-occurring in a field are statistically dependent because they share the same, albeit unknown, style. Style constrained classifiers achieve higher classification accuracy by modeling such dependence among patterns in a field. Effects of style consistency on the distributions of field-features (concatenation of pattern features) can be modeled by hierarchical mixtures. Each field derives from a mixture of styles, while, within a field, a pattern derives from a class-style conditional mixture of Gaussians. Based on this model, an optimal style constrained classifier processes entire fields of patterns rendered in a consistent but unknown style. In a laboratory experiment, style constrained classification reduced errors on fields of printed digits by nearly 25 percent over singlet classifiers. Longer fields favor our classification method because they furnish more information about the underlying style.

Joint sparse coding based spatial pyramid matching for classification of color medical image.

PubMed

Shi, Jun; Li, Yi; Zhu, Jie; Sun, Haojie; Cai, Yin

2015-04-01

Although color medical images are important in clinical practice, they are usually converted to grayscale for further processing in pattern recognition, resulting in loss of rich color information. The sparse coding based linear spatial pyramid matching (ScSPM) and its variants are popular for grayscale image classification, but cannot extract color information. In this paper, we propose a joint sparse coding based SPM (JScSPM) method for the classification of color medical images. A joint dictionary can represent both the color information in each color channel and the correlation between channels. Consequently, the joint sparse codes calculated from a joint dictionary can carry color information, and therefore this method can easily transform a feature descriptor originally designed for grayscale images to a color descriptor. A color hepatocellular carcinoma histological image dataset was used to evaluate the performance of the proposed JScSPM algorithm. Experimental results show that JScSPM provides significant improvements as compared with the majority voting based ScSPM and the original ScSPM for color medical image classification. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Using UV-Vis spectroscopy for simultaneous geographical and varietal classification of tea infusions simulating a home-made tea cup.

PubMed

Diniz, Paulo Henrique Gonçalves Dias; Barbosa, Mayara Ferreira; de Melo Milanez, Karla Danielle Tavares; Pistonesi, Marcelo Fabián; de Araújo, Mário César Ugulino

2016-02-01

In this work we proposed a method to verify the differentiating characteristics of simple tea infusions prepared in boiling water alone (simulating a home-made tea cup), which represents the final product as ingested by the consumers. For this purpose we used UV-Vis spectroscopy and variable selection through the Successive Projections Algorithm associated with Linear Discriminant Analysis (SPA-LDA) for simultaneous classification of the teas according to their variety and geographic origin. For comparison, KNN, CART, SIMCA, PLS-DA and PCA-LDA were also used. SPA-LDA and PCA-LDA provided significantly better results for tea classification of the five studied classes (Argentinean green tea; Brazilian green tea; Argentinean black tea; Brazilian black tea; and Sri Lankan black tea). The proposed methodology provides a simpler, faster and more affordable classification of simple tea infusions, and can be used as an alternative approach to traditional tea quality evaluation as made by skilful tasters, which is evidently partial and cannot assess geographic origins. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automatic Crack Detection and Classification Method for Subway Tunnel Safety Monitoring

PubMed Central

Zhang, Wenyu; Zhang, Zhenjiang; Qi, Dapeng; Liu, Yun

2014-01-01

Cracks are an important indicator reflecting the safety status of infrastructures. This paper presents an automatic crack detection and classification methodology for subway tunnel safety monitoring. With the application of high-speed complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) industrial cameras, the tunnel surface can be captured and stored in digital images. In a next step, the local dark regions with potential crack defects are segmented from the original gray-scale images by utilizing morphological image processing techniques and thresholding operations. In the feature extraction process, we present a distance histogram based shape descriptor that effectively describes the spatial shape difference between cracks and other irrelevant objects. Along with other features, the classification results successfully remove over 90% misidentified objects. Also, compared with the original gray-scale images, over 90% of the crack length is preserved in the last output binary images. The proposed approach was tested on the safety monitoring for Beijing Subway Line 1. The experimental results revealed the rules of parameter settings and also proved that the proposed approach is effective and efficient for automatic crack detection and classification. PMID:25325337

Hepatic Arterial Configuration in Relation to the Segmental Anatomy of the Liver; Observations on MDCT and DSA Relevant to Radioembolization Treatment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hoven, Andor F. van den, E-mail: a.f.vandenhoven@umcutrecht.nl; Leeuwen, Maarten S. van, E-mail: m.s.vanleeuwen@umcutrecht.nl; Lam, Marnix G. E. H., E-mail: m.lam@umcutrecht.nl

PurposeCurrent anatomical classifications do not include all variants relevant for radioembolization (RE). The purpose of this study was to assess the individual hepatic arterial configuration and segmental vascularization pattern and to develop an individualized RE treatment strategy based on an extended classification.MethodsThe hepatic vascular anatomy was assessed on MDCT and DSA in patients who received a workup for RE between February 2009 and November 2012. Reconstructed MDCT studies were assessed to determine the hepatic arterial configuration (origin of every hepatic arterial branch, branching pattern and anatomical course) and the hepatic segmental vascularization territory of all branches. Aberrant hepatic arteries weremore » defined as hepatic arterial branches that did not originate from the celiac axis/CHA/PHA. Early branching patterns were defined as hepatic arterial branches originating from the celiac axis/CHA.ResultsThe hepatic arterial configuration and segmental vascularization pattern could be assessed in 110 of 133 patients. In 59 patients (54 %), no aberrant hepatic arteries or early branching was observed. Fourteen patients without aberrant hepatic arteries (13 %) had an early branching pattern. In the 37 patients (34 %) with aberrant hepatic arteries, five also had an early branching pattern. Sixteen different hepatic arterial segmental vascularization patterns were identified and described, differing by the presence of aberrant hepatic arteries, their respective vascular territory, and origin of the artery vascularizing segment four.ConclusionsThe hepatic arterial configuration and segmental vascularization pattern show marked individual variability beyond well-known classifications of anatomical variants. We developed an individualized RE treatment strategy based on an extended anatomical classification.« less

A 3-tier classification of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Clinical article.

PubMed

Spetzler, Robert F; Ponce, Francisco A

2011-03-01

The authors propose a 3-tier classification for cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). The classification is based on the original 5-tier Spetzler-Martin grading system, and reflects the treatment paradigm for these lesions. The implications of this modification in the literature are explored. Class A combines Grades I and II AVMs, Class B are Grade III AVMs, and Class C combines Grades IV and V AVMs. Recommended management is surgery for Class A AVMs, multimodality treatment for Class B, and observation for Class C, with exceptions to the latter including recurrent hemorrhages and progressive neurological deficits. To evaluate whether combining grades is warranted from the perspective of surgical outcomes, the 3-tier system was applied to 1476 patients from 7 surgical series in which results were stratified according to Spetzler-Martin grades. Pairwise comparisons of individual Spetzler-Martin grades in the series analyzed showed the fewest significant differences (p < 0.05) in outcomes between Grades I and II AVMs and between Grades IV and V AVMs. In the pooled data analysis, significant differences in outcomes were found between all grades except IV and V (p = 0.38), and the lowest relative risks were found between Grades I and II (1.066) and between Grades IV and V (1.095). Using the pooled data, the predictive accuracies for surgical outcomes of the 5-tier and 3-tier systems were equivalent (receiver operating characteristic curve area 0.711 and 0.713, respectively). Combining Grades I and II AVMs and combining Grades IV and V AVMs is justified in part because the differences in surgical results between these respective pairs are small. The proposed 3-tier classification of AVMs offers simplification of the Spetzler-Martin system, provides a guide to treatment, and is predictive of outcome. The revised classification not only simplifies treatment recommendations; by placing patients into 3 as opposed to 5 groups, statistical power is markedly increased for series comparisons.

Determination of origin and sugars of citrus fruits using genetic algorithm, correspondence analysis and partial least square combined with fiber optic NIR spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tewari, Jagdish C.; Dixit, Vivechana; Cho, Byoung-Kwan; Malik, Kamal A.

2008-12-01

The capacity to confirm the variety or origin and the estimation of sucrose, glucose, fructose of the citrus fruits are major interests of citrus juice industry. A rapid classification and quantification technique was developed and validated for simultaneous and nondestructive quantifying the sugar constituent's concentrations and the origin of citrus fruits using Fourier Transform Near-Infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy in conjunction with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) using genetic algorithm, Chemometrics and Correspondences Analysis (CA). To acquire good classification accuracy and to present a wide range of concentration of sucrose, glucose and fructose, we have collected 22 different varieties of citrus fruits from the market during the entire season of citruses. FT-NIR spectra were recorded in the NIR region from 1100 to 2500 nm using the fiber optic probe and three types of data analysis were performed. Chemometrics analysis using Partial Least Squares (PLS) was performed in order to determine the concentration of individual sugars. Artificial Neural Network analysis was performed for classification, origin or variety identification of citrus fruits using genetic algorithm. Correspondence analysis was performed in order to visualize the relationship between the citrus fruits. To compute a PLS model based upon the reference values and to validate the developed method, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed. Spectral range and the number of PLS factors were optimized for the lowest standard error of calibration (SEC), prediction (SEP) and correlation coefficient ( R2). The calibration model developed was able to assess the sucrose, glucose and fructose contents in unknown citrus fruit up to an R2 value of 0.996-0.998. Numbers of factors from F1 to F10 were optimized for correspondence analysis for relationship visualization of citrus fruits based on the output values of genetic algorithm. ANN and CA analysis showed excellent classification of citrus according to the variety to which they belong and well-classified citrus according to their origin. The technique has potential in rapid determination of sugars content and to identify different varieties and origins of citrus in citrus juice industry.

Determination of origin and sugars of citrus fruits using genetic algorithm, correspondence analysis and partial least square combined with fiber optic NIR spectroscopy.

PubMed

Tewari, Jagdish C; Dixit, Vivechana; Cho, Byoung-Kwan; Malik, Kamal A

2008-12-01

The capacity to confirm the variety or origin and the estimation of sucrose, glucose, fructose of the citrus fruits are major interests of citrus juice industry. A rapid classification and quantification technique was developed and validated for simultaneous and nondestructive quantifying the sugar constituent's concentrations and the origin of citrus fruits using Fourier Transform Near-Infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy in conjunction with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) using genetic algorithm, Chemometrics and Correspondences Analysis (CA). To acquire good classification accuracy and to present a wide range of concentration of sucrose, glucose and fructose, we have collected 22 different varieties of citrus fruits from the market during the entire season of citruses. FT-NIR spectra were recorded in the NIR region from 1,100 to 2,500 nm using the fiber optic probe and three types of data analysis were performed. Chemometrics analysis using Partial Least Squares (PLS) was performed in order to determine the concentration of individual sugars. Artificial Neural Network analysis was performed for classification, origin or variety identification of citrus fruits using genetic algorithm. Correspondence analysis was performed in order to visualize the relationship between the citrus fruits. To compute a PLS model based upon the reference values and to validate the developed method, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed. Spectral range and the number of PLS factors were optimized for the lowest standard error of calibration (SEC), prediction (SEP) and correlation coefficient (R(2)). The calibration model developed was able to assess the sucrose, glucose and fructose contents in unknown citrus fruit up to an R(2) value of 0.996-0.998. Numbers of factors from F1 to F10 were optimized for correspondence analysis for relationship visualization of citrus fruits based on the output values of genetic algorithm. ANN and CA analysis showed excellent classification of citrus according to the variety to which they belong and well-classified citrus according to their origin. The technique has potential in rapid determination of sugars content and to identify different varieties and origins of citrus in citrus juice industry.

Vehicle Classification Using an Imbalanced Dataset Based on a Single Magnetic Sensor.

PubMed

Xu, Chang; Wang, Yingguan; Bao, Xinghe; Li, Fengrong

2018-05-24

This paper aims to improve the accuracy of automatic vehicle classifiers for imbalanced datasets. Classification is made through utilizing a single anisotropic magnetoresistive sensor, with the models of vehicles involved being classified into hatchbacks, sedans, buses, and multi-purpose vehicles (MPVs). Using time domain and frequency domain features in combination with three common classification algorithms in pattern recognition, we develop a novel feature extraction method for vehicle classification. These three common classification algorithms are the k-nearest neighbor, the support vector machine, and the back-propagation neural network. Nevertheless, a problem remains with the original vehicle magnetic dataset collected being imbalanced, and may lead to inaccurate classification results. With this in mind, we propose an approach called SMOTE, which can further boost the performance of classifiers. Experimental results show that the k-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier with the SMOTE algorithm can reach a classification accuracy of 95.46%, thus minimizing the effect of the imbalance.

Provenance establishment of coffee using solution ICP-MS and ICP-AES.

PubMed

Valentin, Jenna L; Watling, R John

2013-11-01

Statistical interpretation of the concentrations of 59 elements, determined using solution based inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), was used to establish the provenance of coffee samples from 15 countries across five continents. Data confirmed that the harvest year, degree of ripeness and whether the coffees were green or roasted had little effect on the elemental composition of the coffees. The application of linear discriminant analysis and principal component analysis of the elemental concentrations permitted up to 96.9% correct classification of the coffee samples according to their continent of origin. When samples from each continent were considered separately, up to 100% correct classification of coffee samples into their countries, and plantations of origin was achieved. This research demonstrates the potential of using elemental composition, in combination with statistical classification methods, for accurate provenance establishment of coffee. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

An improved SRC method based on virtual samples for face recognition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fu, Lijun; Chen, Deyun; Lin, Kezheng; Li, Ao

2018-07-01

The sparse representation classifier (SRC) performs classification by evaluating which class leads to the minimum representation error. However, in real world, the number of available training samples is limited due to noise interference, training samples cannot accurately represent the test sample linearly. Therefore, in this paper, we first produce virtual samples by exploiting original training samples at the aim of increasing the number of training samples. Then, we take the intra-class difference as data representation of partial noise, and utilize the intra-class differences and training samples simultaneously to represent the test sample in a linear way according to the theory of SRC algorithm. Using weighted score level fusion, the respective representation scores of the virtual samples and the original training samples are fused together to obtain the final classification results. The experimental results on multiple face databases show that our proposed method has a very satisfactory classification performance.

Improvement of training set structure in fusion data cleaning using Time-Domain Global Similarity method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, J.; Lan, T.; Qin, H.

2017-10-01

Traditional data cleaning identifies dirty data by classifying original data sequences, which is a class-imbalanced problem since the proportion of incorrect data is much less than the proportion of correct ones for most diagnostic systems in Magnetic Confinement Fusion (MCF) devices. When using machine learning algorithms to classify diagnostic data based on class-imbalanced training set, most classifiers are biased towards the major class and show very poor classification rates on the minor class. By transforming the direct classification problem about original data sequences into a classification problem about the physical similarity between data sequences, the class-balanced effect of Time-Domain Global Similarity (TDGS) method on training set structure is investigated in this paper. Meanwhile, the impact of improved training set structure on data cleaning performance of TDGS method is demonstrated with an application example in EAST POlarimetry-INTerferometry (POINT) system.

National characteristics and variation in Arabic handwriting.

PubMed

Al-Hadhrami, Ahmed A N; Allen, Mike; Moffatt, Colin; Jones, Allison E

2015-02-01

From each of four Arabic countries; Morocco, Tunisia, Jordan and Oman, 150 participants produced handwriting samples which were examined to assess whether national characteristics were discernible. Ten characters, which have different configurations depending upon their position in the word, along with one short word, were classified into distinguishable forms, and these forms recorded for each handwriting sample. Tests of independence showed that character forms used were not independent of country (p<0.001) for all but one character-position (this was dropped from subsequent analyses). A correspondence analysis ordination plot and analysis of similarity (R=0.326, p=0.0002) showed that whole samples were discernibly grouped by country, and a tree analysis produced a classification which was 71% accurate for the original data and 83% accurate for 80 new handwriting samples that underwent 'blind' classification. When the countries were combined into two regions, North Africa and Middle East, the grouping was more marked. Thus, there appears to be some scope for narrowing down the nationality, and particularly the wider geographical region of an author based upon the character forms they use in Arabic handwriting. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Robust BMPM training based on second-order cone programming and its application in medical diagnosis.

PubMed

Peng, Xiang; King, Irwin

2008-01-01

The Biased Minimax Probability Machine (BMPM) constructs a classifier which deals with the imbalanced learning tasks. It provides a worst-case bound on the probability of misclassification of future data points based on reliable estimates of means and covariance matrices of the classes from the training data samples, and achieves promising performance. In this paper, we develop a novel yet critical extension training algorithm for BMPM that is based on Second-Order Cone Programming (SOCP). Moreover, we apply the biased classification model to medical diagnosis problems to demonstrate its usefulness. By removing some crucial assumptions in the original solution to this model, we make the new method more accurate and robust. We outline the theoretical derivatives of the biased classification model, and reformulate it into an SOCP problem which could be efficiently solved with global optima guarantee. We evaluate our proposed SOCP-based BMPM (BMPMSOCP) scheme in comparison with traditional solutions on medical diagnosis tasks where the objectives are to focus on improving the sensitivity (the accuracy of the more important class, say "ill" samples) instead of the overall accuracy of the classification. Empirical results have shown that our method is more effective and robust to handle imbalanced classification problems than traditional classification approaches, and the original Fractional Programming-based BMPM (BMPMFP).

A likelihood ratio model for the determination of the geographical origin of olive oil.

PubMed

Własiuk, Patryk; Martyna, Agnieszka; Zadora, Grzegorz

2015-01-01

Food fraud or food adulteration may be of forensic interest for instance in the case of suspected deliberate mislabeling. On account of its potential health benefits and nutritional qualities, geographical origin determination of olive oil might be of special interest. The use of a likelihood ratio (LR) model has certain advantages in contrast to typical chemometric methods because the LR model takes into account the information about the sample rarity in a relevant population. Such properties are of particular interest to forensic scientists and therefore it has been the aim of this study to examine the issue of olive oil classification with the use of different LR models and their pertinence under selected data pre-processing methods (logarithm based data transformations) and feature selection technique. This was carried out on data describing 572 Italian olive oil samples characterised by the content of 8 fatty acids in the lipid fraction. Three classification problems related to three regions of Italy (South, North and Sardinia) have been considered with the use of LR models. The correct classification rate and empirical cross entropy were taken into account as a measure of performance of each model. The application of LR models in determining the geographical origin of olive oil has proven to be satisfactorily useful for the considered issues analysed in terms of many variants of data pre-processing since the rates of correct classifications were close to 100% and considerable reduction of information loss was observed. The work also presents a comparative study of the performance of the linear discriminant analysis in considered classification problems. An approach to the choice of the value of the smoothing parameter is highlighted for the kernel density estimation based LR models as well. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Land cover's refined classification based on multi source of remote sensing information fusion: a case study of national geographic conditions census in China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheng, Tao; Zhang, Jialong; Zheng, Xinyan; Yuan, Rujin

2018-03-01

The project of The First National Geographic Conditions Census developed by Chinese government has designed the data acquisition content and indexes, and has built corresponding classification system mainly based on the natural property of material. However, the unified standard for land cover classification system has not been formed; the production always needs converting to meet the actual needs. Therefore, it proposed a refined classification method based on multi source of remote sensing information fusion. It takes the third-level classes of forest land and grassland for example, and has collected the thematic data of Vegetation Map of China (1:1,000,000), attempts to develop refined classification utilizing raster spatial analysis model. Study area is selected, and refined classification is achieved by using the proposed method. The results show that land cover within study area is divided principally among 20 classes, from subtropical broad-leaved forest (31131) to grass-forb community type of low coverage grassland (41192); what's more, after 30 years in the study area, climatic factors, developmental rhythm characteristics and vegetation ecological geographical characteristics have not changed fundamentally, only part of the original vegetation types have changed in spatial distribution range or land cover types. Research shows that refined classification for the third-level classes of forest land and grassland could make the results take on both the natural attributes of the original and plant community ecology characteristics, which could meet the needs of some industry application, and has certain practical significance for promoting the product of The First National Geographic Conditions Census.

A Handbook for Derivative Classifiers at Los Alamos National Laboratory

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sinkula, Barbara Jean

The Los Alamos Classification Office (within the SAFE-IP group) prepared this handbook as a resource for the Laboratory’s derivative classifiers (DCs). It contains information about United States Government (USG) classification policy, principles, and authorities as they relate to the LANL Classification Program in general, and to the LANL DC program specifically. At a working level, DCs review Laboratory documents and material that are subject to classification review requirements, while the Classification Office provides the training and resources for DCs to perform that vital function.

International classification of reliability for implanted cochlear implant receiver stimulators.

PubMed

Battmer, Rolf-Dieter; Backous, Douglas D; Balkany, Thomas J; Briggs, Robert J S; Gantz, Bruce J; van Hasselt, Andrew; Kim, Chong Sun; Kubo, Takeshi; Lenarz, Thomas; Pillsbury, Harold C; O'Donoghue, Gerard M

2010-10-01

To design an international standard to be used when reporting reliability of the implanted components of cochlear implant systems to appropriate governmental authorities, cochlear implant (CI) centers, and for journal editors in evaluating manuscripts involving cochlear implant reliability. The International Consensus Group for Cochlear Implant Reliability Reporting was assembled to unify ongoing efforts in the United States, Europe, Asia, and Australia to create a consistent and comprehensive classification system for the implanted components of CI systems across manufacturers. All members of the consensus group are from tertiary referral cochlear implant centers. None. A clinically relevant classification scheme adapted from principles of ISO standard 5841-2:2000 originally designed for reporting reliability of cardiac pacemakers, pulse generators, or leads. Standard definitions for device failure, survival time, clinical benefit, reduced clinical benefit, and specification were generated. Time intervals for reporting back to implant centers for devices tested to be "out of specification," categorization of explanted devices, the method of cumulative survival reporting, and content of reliability reports to be issued by manufacturers was agreed upon by all members. The methodology for calculating Cumulative survival was adapted from ISO standard 5841-2:2000. The International Consensus Group on Cochlear Implant Device Reliability Reporting recommends compliance to this new standard in reporting reliability of implanted CI components by all manufacturers of CIs and the adoption of this standard as a minimal reporting guideline for editors of journals publishing cochlear implant research results.