Autophagy-independent incorporation of GFP-LC3 into protein aggregates is dependent on its interaction with p62/SQSTM1.

PubMed

Shvets, Elena; Elazar, Zvulun

2008-11-01

LC3 is a widely used marker of autophagosomes in mammalian cells. However, in addition to its autophagosomal localization, GFP-LC3 is often found associated with protein aggregates that are formed in an autophagy-independent manner. In addition, LC3 directly interacts with p62/SQSTM1 (hereafter named p62), a common constituent of protein aggregates. In our recent report, we mapped the regions in LC3 involved in its binding to p62 and showed that this binding is essential for the incorporation of p62 into autophagosomes. Here we demonstrate that the autophagy-unrelated association of GFP-LC3 with protein aggregates is dependent on its interaction with p62.

A novel hybrid BCI speller based on the incorporation of SSVEP into the P300 paradigm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yin, Erwei; Zhou, Zongtan; Jiang, Jun; Chen, Fanglin; Liu, Yadong; Hu, Dewen

2013-04-01

Objective. Although extensive studies have shown improvement in spelling accuracy, the conventional P300 speller often exhibits errors, which occur in almost the same row or column relative to the target. To address this issue, we propose a novel hybrid brain-computer interface (BCI) approach by incorporating the steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) into the conventional P300 paradigm. Approach. We designed a periodic stimuli mechanism and superimposed it onto the P300 stimuli to increase the difference between the symbols in the same row or column. Furthermore, we integrated the random flashings and periodic flickers to simultaneously evoke the P300 and SSVEP, respectively. Finally, we developed a hybrid detection mechanism based on the P300 and SSVEP in which the target symbols are detected by the fusion of three-dimensional, time-frequency features. Main results. The results obtained from 12 healthy subjects show that an online classification accuracy of 93.85% and information transfer rate of 56.44 bit/min were achieved using the proposed BCI speller in only a single trial. Specifically, 5 of the 12 subjects exhibited an information transfer rate of 63.56 bit/min with an accuracy of 100%. Significance. The pilot studies suggested that the proposed BCI speller could achieve a better and more stable system performance compared with the conventional P300 speller, and it is promising for achieving quick spelling in stimulus-driven BCI applications.

Ionophore-based optical nanosensors incorporating hydrophobic carbon dots and a pH-sensitive quencher dye for sodium detection.

PubMed

Galyean, A A; Behr, M R; Cash, K J

2018-01-21

Nanosensors present a biological monitoring method that is biocompatible, reversible, and nano-scale, and they offer many advantages over traditional organic indicators. Typical ionophore-based nanosensors incorporate nile-blue derivative pH indicators but suffer from photobleaching while quantum dot alternatives pose a potential toxicity risk. In order to address this challenge, sodium selective nanosensors containing carbon dots and a pH-sensitive quencher molecule were developed based on an ion-exchange theory and a decoupled recognition element from the pH indicator. Carbon dots were synthesized and integrated into nanosensors containing a pH-indicator, an analyte-binding ligand (ionophore), and a charge-balancing additive. These nanosensors are ion-selective against potassium (selectivity coefficient of 0.4) and lithium (selectivity coefficient of 0.9). Reversible nanosensor response to sodium is also demonstrated. The carbon dot nanosensors are resistant to changes in optical properties for at least 12 h and display stable selectivity to physiologically-relevant sodium (alpha = 0.5 of 200 mM NaCl) for a minimum of 6 days.

Nanoparticles incorporating pH-responsive surfactants as a viable approach to improve the intracellular drug delivery.

PubMed

Nogueira, Daniele R; Scheeren, Laís E; Pilar Vinardell, M; Mitjans, Montserrat; Rosa Infante, M; Rolim, Clarice M B

2015-12-01

The pH-responsive delivery systems have brought new advances in the field of functional nanodevices and might allow more accurate and controllable delivery of specific cargoes, which is expected to result in promising applications in different clinical therapies. Here we describe a family of chitosan-TPP (tripolyphosphate) nanoparticles (NPs) for intracellular drug delivery, which were designed using two pH-sensitive amino acid-based surfactants from the family N(α),N(ε)-dioctanoyl lysine as bioactive compounds. Low and medium molecular weight chitosan (LMW-CS and MMW-CS, respectively) were used for NP preparation, and it was observed that the size distribution for NPs with LMW-CS were smaller (~168 nm) than that for NPs prepared with MMW-CS (~310 nm). Hemolysis assay demonstrated the pH-dependent biomembrane disruptional capability of the constructed NPs. The nanostructures incorporating the surfactants cause negligible membrane permeabilization at pH7.4. However, at acidic pH, prevailing in endosomes, membrane-destabilizing activity in an erythrocyte lysis assay became evident. When pH decreased to 6.6 and 5.4, hemolytic capability of chitosan NPs increased along with the raise of concentration. Furthermore, studies with cell culture showed that these pH-responsive NPs displayed low cytotoxic effects against 3T3 fibroblasts. The influence of chitosan molecular weight, chitosan to TPP weight ratio, nanoparticle size and nature of the surfactant counterion on the membrane-disruptive properties of nanoparticles was discussed in detail. Altogether, the results achieved here showed that by inserting the lysine-based amphiphiles into chitosan NPs, pH-sensitive membranolytic and potentially endosomolytic nanocarriers were developed, which, therefore, demonstrated ideal feasibility for intracellular drug delivery. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4A Protease Inhibitors Incorporating Flexible P2 Quinoxalines Target Drug Resistant Viral Variants.

PubMed

Matthew, Ashley N; Zephyr, Jacqueto; Hill, Caitlin J; Jahangir, Muhammad; Newton, Alicia; Petropoulos, Christos J; Huang, Wei; Kurt-Yilmaz, Nese; Schiffer, Celia A; Ali, Akbar

2017-07-13

A substrate envelope-guided design strategy is reported for improving the resistance profile of HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitors. Analogues of 5172-mcP1P3 were designed by incorporating diverse quinoxalines at the P2 position that predominantly interact with the invariant catalytic triad of the protease. Exploration of structure-activity relationships showed that inhibitors with small hydrophobic substituents at the 3-position of P2 quinoxaline maintain better potency against drug resistant variants, likely due to reduced interactions with residues in the S2 subsite. In contrast, inhibitors with larger groups at this position were highly susceptible to mutations at Arg155, Ala156, and Asp168. Excitingly, several inhibitors exhibited exceptional potency profiles with EC 50 values ≤5 nM against major drug resistant HCV variants. These findings support that inhibitors designed to interact with evolutionarily constrained regions of the protease, while avoiding interactions with residues not essential for substrate recognition, are less likely to be susceptible to drug resistance.

Blending Q and P: Incorporating Action Learning in a Master's Programme

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boak, George

2011-01-01

This paper is based on the experience of incorporating action learning within a Master's degree programme over a period of 14 years. The MA in Leading Innovation and Change was launched in 1995. It was first developed, and subsequently delivered, by a small group of staff working collaboratively across organisational boundaries. It is currently…

Manufacture and Incorporation of Liposome-Entrapped Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid into Model Miniature Gouda-Type Cheese and Subsequent Effect on Starter Viability, pH, and Moisture Content.

PubMed

McAuliffe, Lisa N; Kilcawley, Kieran N; Sheehan, Jeremiah J; McSweeney, Paul L H

2016-10-25

Liposome-encapsulated ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was incorporated into a model miniature Gouda-type cheese (20 g) in order to assess its effect on rennet gelation, starter viability, pH, and moisture content. EDTA was encapsulated within 2 different food-grade proliposome preparations, Pro-Lipo Duo and Pro-Lipo C (50% and 40% unsaturated soybean phospholipids and 50% and 60% aqueous medium, respectively), using the following high-shear technologies: Ultra-Turrax (5000 rpm), 2-stage homogenization (345 bar), or microfluidization (690 bar). Liposome size distribution was affected by the high-shear technology employed with the proportion of large vesicles (>100 nm) decreasing in the order microfluidization < 2-stage homogenization < Ultra-Turrax. All EDTA-containing liposomes were stable during 28 d refrigerated storage, with no significant (P ≤ 0.05) change in size distribution or EDTA entrapment efficiency (%EE). Liposome composition affected the entrapment of EDTA, with Pro-Lipo C having a significantly greater %EE than Pro-Lipo Duo, 63% and 54%, respectively. For this reason, Pro-Lipo C EDTA liposomes, with and without EDTA, were incorporated into model miniature Gouda-type cheese. Addition of liposome-encapsulated EDTA to milk during cheese making did not impact pH or rennet gel formation. No differences in composition or pH were evident in liposome-treated cheeses. The results of this study show that the incorporation of liposome-encapsulated EDTA into milk during cheese manufacture did not affect milk fermentation, moisture content, or pH, suggesting that this approach may be suitable for studying the effects of calcium equilibrium on the texture of brine-salted cheeses. © 2016 Institute of Food Technologists®.

Phosphorus runoff from incorporated and surface-applied liquid swine manure and phosphorus fertilizer.

PubMed

Daverede, I C; Kravchenko, A N; Hoeft, R G; Nafziger, E D; Bullock, D G; Warren, J J; Gonzini, L C

2004-01-01

Excessive fertilization with organic and/or inorganic P amendments to cropland increases the potential risk of P loss to surface waters. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of soil test P level, source, and application method of P amendments on P in runoff following soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. The treatments consisted of two rates of swine (Sus scrofa domestica) liquid manure surface-applied and injected, 54 kg P ha(-1) triple superphosphate (TSP) surface-applied and incorporated, and a control with and without chisel-plowing. Rainfall simulations were conducted one month (1MO) and six months (6MO) after P amendment application for 2 yr. Soil injection of swine manure compared with surface application resulted in runoff P concentration decreases of 93, 82, and 94%, and P load decreases of 99, 94, and 99% for dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), total phosphorus (TP), and algal-available phosphorus (AAP), respectively. Incorporation of TSP also reduced P concentration in runoff significantly. Runoff P concentration and load from incorporated amendments did not differ from the control. Factors most strongly related to P in runoff from the incorporated treatments included Bray P1 soil extraction value for DRP concentration, and Bray P1 and sediment content in runoff for AAP and TP concentration and load. Injecting manure and chisel-plowing inorganic fertilizer reduced runoff P losses, decreased runoff volumes, and increased the time to runoff, thus minimizing the potential risk of surface water contamination. After incorporating the P amendments, controlling erosion is the main target to minimize TP losses from agricultural soils.

Effects of nitrogen incorporation in HfO(2) grown on InP by atomic layer deposition: an evolution in structural, chemical, and electrical characteristics.

PubMed

Kang, Yu-Seon; Kim, Dae-Kyoung; Kang, Hang-Kyu; Jeong, Kwang-Sik; Cho, Mann-Ho; Ko, Dae-Hong; Kim, Hyoungsub; Seo, Jung-Hye; Kim, Dong-Chan

2014-03-26

We investigated the effects of postnitridation on the structural characteristics and interfacial reactions of HfO2 thin films grown on InP by atomic layer deposition (ALD) as a function of film thickness. By postdeposition annealing under NH3 vapor (PDN) at 600 °C, an InN layer formed at the HfO2/InP interface, and ionized NHx was incorporated in the HfO2 film. We demonstrate that structural changes resulting from nitridation of HfO2/InP depend on the film thickness (i.e., a single-crystal interfacial layer of h-InN formed at thin (2 nm) HfO2/InP interfaces, whereas an amorphous InN layer formed at thick (>6 nm) HfO2/InP interfaces). Consequently, the tetragonal structure of HfO2 transformed into a mixture structure of tetragonal and monoclinic because the interfacial InN layer relieved interfacial strain between HfO2 and InP. During postdeposition annealing (PDA) in HfO2/InP at 600 °C, large numbers of oxidation states were generated as a result of interfacial reactions between interdiffused oxygen impurities and out-diffused InP substrate elements. However, in the case of the PDN of HfO2/InP structures at 600 °C, nitrogen incorporation in the HfO2 film effectively blocked the out-diffusion of atomic In and P, thus suppressing the formation of oxidation states. Accordingly, the number of interfacial defect states (Dit) within the band gap of InP was significantly reduced, which was also supported by DFT calculations. Interfacial InN in HfO2/InP increased the electron-barrier height to ∼0.6 eV, which led to low-leakage-current density in the gate voltage region over 2 V.

pSumo-CD: predicting sumoylation sites in proteins with covariance discriminant algorithm by incorporating sequence-coupled effects into general PseAAC.

PubMed

Jia, Jianhua; Zhang, Liuxia; Liu, Zi; Xiao, Xuan; Chou, Kuo-Chen

2016-10-15

Sumoylation is a post-translational modification (PTM) process, in which small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) is attaching by covalent bonds to substrate protein. It is critical to many different biological processes such as replicating genome, expressing gene, localizing and stabilizing proteins; unfortunately, it is also involved with many major disorders including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Therefore, for both basic research and drug development, it is important to identify the sumoylation sites in proteins. To address such a problem, we developed a predictor called pSumo-CD by incorporating the sequence-coupled information into the general pseudo-amino acid composition (PseAAC) and introducing the covariance discriminant (CD) algorithm, in which a bias-adjustment term, which has the function to automatically adjust the errors caused by the bias due to the imbalance of training data, had been incorporated. Rigorous cross-validations indicated that the new predictor remarkably outperformed the existing state-of-the-art prediction method for the same purpose. For the convenience of most experimental scientists, a user-friendly web-server for pSumo-CD has been established at http://www.jci-bioinfo.cn/pSumo-CD, by which users can easily obtain their desired results without the need to go through the complicated mathematical equations involved. jjia@gordonlifescience.org, xxiao@gordonlifescience.org or kcchou@gordonlifescience.orgSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Production of Bombyx mori silk fibroin incorporated with unnatural amino acids.

PubMed

Teramoto, Hidetoshi; Kojima, Katsura

2014-07-14

Silk fibroin incorporated with unnatural amino acids was produced by in vivo feeding of p-chloro-, p-bromo-, and p-azido-substituted analogues of L-phenylalanine (Phe) to transgenic silkworms (Bombyx mori) that expressed a mutant of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase with expanded substrate recognition capabilities in silk glands. Cutting down the content of Phe in the diet was effective for increasing the incorporation of Phe analogues but simultaneously caused a decrease of fibroin production. The azide groups incorporated in fibroin were active as chemical handles for click chemistry in both the solubilized and the solid (fibrous) states. The azides survived degumming in the boiling alkaline solution that is required for complete removal of the sericin layer, demonstrating that AzPhe-incorporated silk fibroin could be a versatile platform to produce "clickable" silk materials in various forms. This study indicates the huge potential of UAA mutagenesis as a novel methodology to alter the characteristics of B. mori silk.

Design of novel HIV-1 protease inhibitors incorporating isophthalamide-derived P2-P3 ligands: Synthesis, biological evaluation and X-ray structural studies of inhibitor-HIV-1 protease complex

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ghosh, Arun K.; Brindisi, Margherita; Nyalapatla, Prasanth R.

Based upon molecular insights from the X-ray structures of inhibitor-bound HIV-1 protease complexes, we have designed a series of isophthalamide-derived inhibitors incorporating substituted pyrrolidines, piperidines and thiazolidines as P2-P3 ligands for specific interactions in the S2-S3 extended site. Compound 4b has shown an enzyme Ki of 0.025 nM and antiviral IC50 of 69 nM. An X-ray crystal structure of inhibitor 4b-HIV-1 protease complex was determined at 1.33 Å resolution. We have also determined X-ray structure of 3b-bound HIV-1 protease at 1.27 Å resolution. These structures revealed important molecular insight into the inhibitor–HIV-1 protease interactions in the active site.

Osteoblast response to magnesium ion-incorporated nanoporous titanium oxide surfaces.

PubMed

Park, Jin-Woo; Kim, Youn-Jeong; Jang, Je-Hee; Song, Hwangjun

2010-11-01

This study investigated the surface characteristics and in vitro osteoconductivity of a titanium (Ti) surface incorporated with the magnesium ions (Mg) produced by hydrothermal treatment for future application as an endosseous implant surface. Mg-incorporated Ti oxide surfaces were produced by hydrothermal treatment using Mg-containing solution on two different microstructured surfaces--abraded minimally rough (Ma) or grit-blasted moderately rough (RBM) samples. The surface characteristics were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, thin-film X-ray diffractometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, optical profilometry, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblast cell attachment, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and quantitative analysis of osteoblastic gene expression on Ma, RBM, Mg-incorporated Ma (Mg), and Mg-incorporated grit-blasted (RBM/Mg) Ti surfaces were evaluated. Hydrothermal treatment produced an Mg-incorporated Ti oxide layer with nanoporous surface structures. Mg-incorporated surfaces showed surface morphologies and surface roughness values almost identical to those of untreated smooth or micro-rough surfaces at the micron scale. ICP-AES analysis showed Mg ions released from treated surfaces into the solution. Mg incorporation significantly increased cellular attachment (P=0 at 0.5 h, P=0.01 at 1 h) on smooth surfaces, but no differences were found on micro-rough surfaces. Mg incorporation further increased ALP activity in cells grown on both smooth and micro-rough surfaces at 7 and 14 days of culture (P=0). Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed higher mRNA expressions of the osteoblast transcription factor gene (Dlx5), various integrins, and the osteoblast phenotype genes (ALP, bone sialoprotein and osteocalcin) in cells grown on micro-rough (RBM) and Mg-incorporated (Mg and RBM/Mg) surfaces than those on Ma surfaces. Mg incorporation further increased the m

Enhancing the biophysical properties of mRFP1 through incorporation of fluoroproline

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Deepankumar, Kanagavel; Nadarajan, Saravanan Prabhu; Ayyadurai, Niraikulam

2013-11-01

Graphical abstract: Enhancing the biophysical properties of mRFP1 through incorporation of (2S, 4R)-4-fluoroproline at proline residues after mutating non-permissive site Pro63 into Ala. -- Highlights: •We incorporate (4S)-FP into mRFP1 led to insoluble protein. •Whereas, incorporation of (4R)-FP resulted in soluble but lost its fluorescence. •mRFP1-P63A mutant accommodate (4R)-FP and gave soluble protein with fluorescence. •Moreover mRFP1-P63A[(4R)-FP] showed enhanced biophysical properties of protein. -- Abstract: Here we enhanced the stability and biophysical properties of mRFP1 through a combination of canonical and non-canonical amino acid mutagenesis. The global replacement of proline residue with (2S, 4R)-4-fluoroproline [(4R)-FP] into mRFP1 led to solublemore » protein but lost its fluorescence, whereas (2S, 4S)-4-fluoroproline [(4S)-FP] incorporation resulted in insoluble protein. The bioinformatics analysis revealed that (4R)-FP incorporation at Pro63 caused fluorescence loss due to the steric hindrance of fluorine atom of (4R)-FP with the chromophore. Therefore, Pro63 residue was mutated with the smallest amino acid Ala to maintain non coplanar conformation of the chromophore and helps to retain its fluorescence with (4R)-FP incorporation. The incorporation of (4R)-FP into mRFP1-P63A showed about 2–3-fold enhancement in thermal and chemical stability. The rate of maturation is also greatly accelerated over the presence of (4R)-FP into mRFP1-P63A. Our study showed that a successful enhancement in the biophysical property of mRFP1-P63A[(4R)-FP] using non-canonical amino acid mutagenesis after mutating non-permissive site Pro63 into Ala.« less

Mg Incorporation Efficiency in Pulsed MOCVD of N-Polar GaN:Mg

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marini, Jonathan; Mahaboob, Isra; Hogan, Kasey; Novak, Steve; Bell, L. D.; Shahedipour-Sandvik, F.

2017-10-01

We report on the effect of growth polarity and pulsed or δ -doped growth mode on impurity incorporation in metalorganic chemical vapor deposition-grown GaN. In Ga-polar orientation, up to 12× enhancement in Mg concentration for given Mg flow rate is observed, resulting in enhanced p-type conductivity for these samples. In contrast, this enhancement effect is greatly diminished for N-polar samples, falling off with increasing Mg flow and showing maximum enhancement of 2.7× at 30 nmol/min Mg flow. At higher Mg flow rates, Mg incorporation at normal levels did not correspond to p-type conductivity, which may be due to Mg incorporation at nonacceptor sites. Concentrations of C, O, and Si were also investigated, revealing dependence on Mg flow in N-polar pulsed samples. Carbon incorporation was found to decrease with increasing Mg flow, and oxygen incorporation was found to remain high across varied Mg flow. These effects combine to result in N-polar samples that are not p-type when using the pulsed growth mode.

49 CFR 572.140 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Child Crash Test Dummy, Alpha Version § 572.140 Incorporation by reference. (a) The following materials... entitled, “Parts List and Drawings, Subpart P Hybrid III 3-year-old child crash test dummy, (H-III3C, Alpha..., Disassembly and Inspection (PADI), Subpart P, Hybird III 3-year-old Child Crash Test Dummy, (H-III3C, Alpha...

49 CFR 572.140 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Child Crash Test Dummy, Alpha Version § 572.140 Incorporation by reference. (a) The following materials... entitled, “Parts List and Drawings, Subpart P Hybrid III 3-year-old child crash test dummy, (H-III3C, Alpha..., Disassembly and Inspection (PADI), Subpart P, Hybird III 3-year-old Child Crash Test Dummy, (H-III3C, Alpha...

49 CFR 572.140 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Child Crash Test Dummy, Alpha Version § 572.140 Incorporation by reference. (a) The following materials... entitled, “Parts List and Drawings, Subpart P Hybrid III 3-year-old child crash test dummy, (H-III3C, Alpha..., Disassembly and Inspection (PADI), Subpart P, Hybird III 3-year-old Child Crash Test Dummy, (H-III3C, Alpha...

49 CFR 572.140 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Child Crash Test Dummy, Alpha Version § 572.140 Incorporation by reference. (a) The following materials... entitled, “Parts List and Drawings, Subpart P Hybrid III 3-year-old child crash test dummy, (H-III3C, Alpha..., Disassembly and Inspection (PADI), Subpart P, Hybird III 3-year-old Child Crash Test Dummy, (H-III3C, Alpha...

49 CFR 572.140 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Child Crash Test Dummy, Alpha Version § 572.140 Incorporation by reference. (a) The following materials... entitled, “Parts List and Drawings, Subpart P Hybrid III 3-year-old child crash test dummy, (H-III3C, Alpha..., Disassembly and Inspection (PADI), Subpart P, Hybird III 3-year-old Child Crash Test Dummy, (H-III3C, Alpha...

P-Compensated and P-Doped Superlattice Infrared Detectors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Khoshakhlagh, Arezou (Inventor); Ting, David Z. (Inventor); Gunapala, Sarath D. (Inventor)

2017-01-01

Barrier infrared detectors configured to operate in the long-wave (LW) infrared regime are provided. The barrier infrared detector systems may be configured as pin, pbp, barrier and double heterostructrure infrared detectors incorporating optimized p-doped absorbers capable of taking advantage of high mobility (electron) minority carriers. The absorber may be a p-doped Ga-free InAs/InAsSb material. The p-doping may be accomplished by optimizing the Be doping levels used in the absorber material. The barrier infrared detectors may incorporate individual superlattice layers having narrower periodicity and optimization of Sb composition to achieve cutoff wavelengths of.about.10.mu.m.

Long-term stability of dental adhesive incorporated by boron nitride nanotubes.

PubMed

Degrazia, Felipe Weidenbach; Leitune, Vicente Castelo Branco; Visioli, Fernanda; Samuel, Susana Maria Werner; Collares, Fabrício Mezzomo

2018-03-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate physicochemical properties, long-term microtensile bond strength and cytotoxicity of methacrylate-based adhesive containing boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) as fillers. A dental adhesive was formulated using BisGMA/HEMA, 66/33wt% (control). Inorganic BNNT fillers were incorporated into the adhesive at different concentrations (0.05, 0.075, 0.1 and 0.15wt%). Analyses of degree of conversion (DC), polymerization rate [Rp.(s -1 )], contact angle (CA) on dentin, after 24h and 6 months microtensile bond strength (μTBS-24h and 6 months) were assessed. Cytotoxicity was performed through viability of fibroblast cells (%) by sulforhodamine B (SRB) colorimetry. DC and max. polymerization rate increased (p<0.05) after incorporating 0.075 and 0.1wt% BNNT. The contact angle on dentin increased (p<0.05) after incorporating 0.15wt% BNNT. The μTBS-24h showed no changes (p>0.05) after incorporating up to 0.15wt% BNNT comparing to control. After 6 months, μTBS decreased (p<0.05) for control and 0.15wt% BNNT and BNNT groups up to 0.15wt% showed higher μTBS than control (p<0.05). No difference of fibroblast growth was found among adhesives (p>0.05) and up to 19% of cell viability was found comparing 0.05wt% BNNT to positive control group (100%). Incorporating boron nitride nanotubes up to 0.1wt% into dental adhesive increased the long-term stability to dentin without decreasing viability of fibroblast cell growth. Thus, the use of BNNTs as filler may decrease failure rate of current dentinal adhesives. Copyright © 2017 The Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

[Lethal effect after transmutation of 33P incorporated into bacteriophage S 13 and mechanisms of DNA double helix rupture].

PubMed

Apelgot, S

1980-04-01

The experiments show the lethal effect of the beta decay of 33P incorporated in DNA of bacteriophage S 13. The lethal efficiency is high, 0.72 at 0 degrees C and 0.55 at--197 degrees C. The presence of a radical scavenger like AET has no influence. It was found previously that for such phages with single-stranded DNA, the lethal efficiency of 32P decay is unity, and that the lethal event is a DNA single-strand break, owing to the high energy of the nucleogenic 32S atom. As the recoil energy of the 33S atom is too low to account for such a break, it is suggested that the reorganization of the phosphate molecule into sulphate is able to bring about a DNA single-strand break with an efficiency as high as 0.7, at 0 degrees C. A model for the DNA double-strand-break produced by a transmutation processes is suggested.

Incorporation of leucine into phospholipids of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.

PubMed Central

Smith, R D; Salyers, A A

1981-01-01

L-[4,5-3H]- or L-[U-14C]leucine was incorporated by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron into acid-precipitable material even when the bacteria were treated with concentrations of tetracycline high enough to prevent growth. Similar results were obtained when L-[2,3,4-3H]valine or L-[4,5-3H]isoleucine was used instead of leucine. In bacteria which had been treated with tetracycline, the acid-precipitable label was not solubilized by treatment with protease, lysozyme, or deoxyribonuclease. However, virtually all of the label was extractable with chloroform-methanol, indicating that the label had been incorporated into membrane lipids. Since L-[1-14C]leucine was not incorporated into lipids, leucine was probably decarboxylated before incorporation. When a chloroform extract from bacteria which had been labeled with both [32P]phosphate and [3H]leucine was resolved into component phospholipids by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography, 3H was incorporated into all of the phospholipids. When these phospholipids were deacylated, the 3H from leucine was associated with released fatty acids rather than with the head groups. Thus, it appears that B. thetaiotaomicron can utilize leucine and similar amino acids not only by incorporating them into protein but also by incorporating portions of these amino acids into membrane phospholipids. PMID:7462155

Thermo-and pH-sensitive hydrogel membranes composed of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-hyaluronan for biomedical applications: Influence of hyaluronan incorporation on the membrane properties.

PubMed

Kamoun, Elbadawy A; Fahmy, Alaa; Taha, Tarek H; El-Fakharany, Esmail M; Makram, Mohamed; Soliman, Hesham M A; Shehata, Hassan

2018-01-01

Interpenetrating hydrogel membranes consisting of pH-sensitive hyaluronan (HA) and thermo-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAM) were synthesized using redox polymerization, followed by N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) and epichlorohydrin (EPI) were added as chemical crosslinkers. The interaction between membrane compositions has been characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and discussed intensively. The result indicates that HA incorporation in membranes increase the gel fraction, swelling uptake, and the flexibility/elasticity of crosslinked membranes, however it reduced oppositely the mechanical elongation of membranes. PNIPAAm-HA hydrogels responded to both temperature and pH changes and the stimuli-responsiveness was reversible. However, in vitro bioevaluation results revealed that the released ampicillin during the burst release time was sharply influenced and increased with increasing HA contents in membranes; afterwards it became sustainable. Whereas, high HA contents in hydrogels unexpectedly impacted negatively on the cells viability, owing to the viscosity of cell culture media changed. A big resistance was observed against microbial growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, and Candida albicans in case of pure PNIPAAm hydrogel membranes without HA or ampicillin. However, HA incorporation or the loaded ampicillin in membranes showed unexpected easily microbial growth. The fast release performance with dual pH-thermo-sensitive hydrogels were suggested as promising materials for quick drug carrier in the biomedical field. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Efficient Incorporation of Mg in Solution Grown GaN Crystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Freitas, Jaime A., Jr.; Feigelson, Boris N.; Anderson, Travis J.

2013-11-01

Detailed spectrometry and optical spectroscopy studies carried out on GaN crystals grown in solution detect and identify Mg as the dominant shallow acceptor. Selective etching of crystals with higher Mg levels than that of the donor concentration background indicates that Mg acceptors incorporate preferentially in the N-polar face. Electrical transport measurements verified an efficient incorporation and activation of the Mg acceptors. These results suggest that this growth method has the potential to produce p-type doped epitaxial layers or p-type substrates characterized by high hole concentration and low defect density.

Synthesis and RNA polymerase incorporation of the degenerate ribonucleotide analogue rPTP.

PubMed Central

Moriyama, K; Negishi, K; Briggs, M S; Smith, C L; Hill, F; Churcher, M J; Brown, D M; Loakes, D

1998-01-01

The synthesis and enzymatic incorporation into RNA of the hydrogen bond degenerate nucleoside analogue 6-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-3, 4-dihydro-8H-pyrimido[4,5-c]-[1,2]oxazin-7-one (P) is described. The 5'-triphosphate of this analogue is readily incorporated by T3, T7 and SP6 RNA polymerases into RNA transcripts, being best incorporated in place of UTP, but also in place of CTP. When all the uridine residues in an HIV-1 TAR RNA transcript are replaced by P the transcript has similar characteristics to the wild-type TAR RNA, as demonstrated by similar melting temperatures and CD spectra. The P-substituted TAR transcript binds to the Tat peptide ADP-1 with only 4-fold lowered efficiency compared with wild-type TAR. PMID:9547267

Synthesis and RNA polymerase incorporation of the degenerate ribonucleotide analogue rPTP.

PubMed

Moriyama, K; Negishi, K; Briggs, M S; Smith, C L; Hill, F; Churcher, M J; Brown, D M; Loakes, D

1998-05-01

The synthesis and enzymatic incorporation into RNA of the hydrogen bond degenerate nucleoside analogue 6-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)-3, 4-dihydro-8H-pyrimido[4,5-c]-[1,2]oxazin-7-one (P) is described. The 5'-triphosphate of this analogue is readily incorporated by T3, T7 and SP6 RNA polymerases into RNA transcripts, being best incorporated in place of UTP, but also in place of CTP. When all the uridine residues in an HIV-1 TAR RNA transcript are replaced by P the transcript has similar characteristics to the wild-type TAR RNA, as demonstrated by similar melting temperatures and CD spectra. The P-substituted TAR transcript binds to the Tat peptide ADP-1 with only 4-fold lowered efficiency compared with wild-type TAR.

Ammonia volatilization and nitrogen retention: how deep to incorporate urea?

PubMed

Rochette, Philippe; Angers, Denis A; Chantigny, Martin H; Gasser, Marc-Olivier; MacDonald, J Douglas; Pelster, David E; Bertrand, Normand

2013-11-01

Incorporation of urea decreases ammonia (NH) volatilization, but field measurements are needed to better quantify the impact of placement depth. In this study, we measured the volatilization losses after banding of urea at depths of 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 cm in a slightly acidic (pH 6) silt loam soil using wind tunnels. Mineral nitrogen (N) concentration and pH were measured in the top 2 cm of soil to determine the extent of urea N migration and the influence of placement depth on the availability of ammoniacal N for volatilization near the soil surface. Ammonia volatilization losses were 50% of applied N when urea was banded at the surface, and incorporation of the band decreased emissions by an average of 7% cm (14% cm when expressed as a percentage of losses after surface banding). Incorporating urea at depths >7.5 cm therefore resulted in negligible NH emissions and maximum N retention. Cumulative losses increased exponentially with increasing maximum NH-N and pH values measured in the surface soil during the experiment. However, temporal variations in these soil properties were poorly related to the temporal variations in NH emission rates, likely as a result of interactions with other factors (e.g., water content and NH-N adsorption) on, and fixation by, soil particles. Laboratory and field volatilization data from the literature were summarized and used to determine a relationship between NH losses and depth of urea incorporation. When emissions were expressed as a percentage of losses for a surface application, the mean reduction after urea incorporation was approximately 12.5% cm. Although we agree that the efficiency of urea incorporation to reduce NH losses varies depending on several soil properties, management practices, and climatic conditions, we propose that this value represents an estimate of the mean impact of incorporation depth that could be used when site-specific information is unavailable. Copyright © by the American Society of Agronomy

Characterization and bake stability of dry fruit fillings in dehydrated chiku (Manilkara zapota L. P. Royen) incorporated biscuits.

PubMed

Aditi, Mahapatra; Shashirekha, M N; Sudha, M L

2017-06-01

Expanding the range of bakery products in terms of producing supplemented or dietetic products has been an increasingly important trend in contemporary baking. Value added products, especially products rich in fiber and phytochemicals are getting popular. Among the dry fruits used for filling, Figs were rich in ash and protein and Dates were rich in dietary fiber. Gallic acid was the dominant free phenolic acid in Fig whereas chlorogenic acid and procatechuic acid were dominant in Dates in the bound form. Farinograph water absorption, dough development time, maximum pressure (P), and extensibility (L) decreased on increase in the replacement of wheat flour with chiku powder from 0 to 30%. The dry fruit fillings in the pH range of 3.3-3.5 with 75-80°Bx showed better bake stability with respect to spreadability and breaking strength. Biscuits topped with higher °Bx fillings had higher breaking strength values even during storage. Among the gelling agents used, addition of sodium alginate stabilized and further improved the bake stability of the fillings. The chiku incorporated biscuits sandwiched with fruit filling were rich in dietary fiber. Also significant amounts of gallic acid and chlorogenic acid in free and bound form were present in the biscuit. Bakery products can act as a vehicle for supplementation of vitamins, minerals, protein, dietary fiber, and so on, to prevent nutritive deficiencies. Among the bakery products, biscuits are shelf stable and have better consumer acceptability by all age groups. To incorporate fruits which are rich in many bioactive principles, and to add on to variety, fruit sandwiched biscuits with fruit powder in the casing too. Fillings mainly from dry fruits were prepared at varying degree brix and with different gelling agents. Biscuit sheets containing chiku powder in the formulation was topped with the fillings and looked for the bake stability with respect to texture and spreadability. Addition of fruit powder in the shells

Bromine incorporation factors for trihalomethane formation for the Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio Rivers

USGS Publications Warehouse

Rathbun, R.E.

1996-01-01

The bromine incorporation factor describes the distribution of the four trihalomethane compounds in the mixture formed when a natural water is chlorinated. This factor was determined for the Mississippi, Missouri, and Ohio Rivers by chlorinating water samples at three levels each of pH and free chlorine concentration. Samples were collected during the summer, fall, and spring seasons of the year at 12 sites on the Mississippi River from Minneapolis, MN, to New Orleans, LA, and on the Missouri and Ohio Rivers 1.6 kilometers upstream from their confluences with the Mississippi. The bromine incorporation factor increased as the bromide concentration increased, and decreased as the pH, initial free-chlorine and dissolved organic-carbon concentrations increased. Variation of the bromine incorporation factor with distance along the Mississippi River approximately paralleled the variation of the bromide concentration with distance along the river, with the Missouri River samples having the highest bromine incorporation factors for all combinations of pH and free-chlorine concentration.

Effect of the nitrogen incorporation and fast carrier dynamics in (In,Ga)AsN/GaP self-assembled quantum dots

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gauthier, J.-P.; Almosni, S.; Léger, Y.

We report on the structural and optical properties of (In,Ga)AsN self-assembled quantum dots grown on GaP (001) substrate. A comparison with nitrogen free (In,Ga)As system is presented, showing a clear modification of growth mechanisms and a significant shift of the photoluminescence spectrum. Low temperature carrier recombination dynamics is studied by time-resolved photoluminescence, highlighting a drastic reduction of the characteristic decay-time when nitrogen is incorporated in the quantum dots. Room temperature photoluminescence is observed at 840 nm. These results reveal the potential of (In,Ga)AsN as an efficient active medium monolithically integrated on Si for laser applications.

Mixed-Ligand Uranyl Polyrotaxanes Incorporating a Sulfate/Oxalate Coligand: Achieving Structural Diversity via pH-Dependent Competitive Effect.

PubMed

Xie, Zhen-Ni; Mei, Lei; Hu, Kong-Qiu; Xia, Liang-Shu; Chai, Zhi-Fang; Shi, Wei-Qun

2017-03-20

A mixed-ligand system provides an alternative route to tune the structures and properties of metal-organic compounds by introducing functional organic or inorganic coligands. In this work, five new uranyl-based polyrotaxane compounds incorporating a sulfate or oxalate coligand have been hydrothermally synthesized via a mixed-ligand method. Based on C6BPCA@CB6 (C6BPCA = 1,1'-(hexane-1,6-diyl)bis(4-(carbonyl)pyridin-1-ium), CB6 = cucurbit[6]uril) ligand, UPS1 (UO 2 (L) 0.5 (SO 4 )(H 2 O)·2H 2 O, L = C6BPCA@CB6) is formed by the alteration of initial aqueous solution pH to a higher acidity. The resulting 2D uranyl polyrotaxane sheet structure of UPS1 is based on uranyl-sulfate ribbons connected by the C6BPCA@CB6 pseudorotaxane linkers. By using oxalate ligand instead of sulfate, four oxalate-containing uranyl polyrotaxane compounds, UPO1-UPO4, have been acquired by tuning reaction pH and ligand concentration: UPO1 (UO 2 (L) 0.5 (C 2 O 4 ) 0.5 (NO 3 )·3H 2 O) in one-dimensional chain was obtained at a low pH value range (1.47-1.89) and UPO2 (UO 2 (L)(C 2 O 4 )(H 2 O)·7H 2 O)obtained at a higher pH value range (4.31-7.21). By lowering the amount of oxalate, another two uranyl polyrotaxane network UPO3 ((UO 2 ) 2 (L) 0.5 (C 2 O 4 ) 2 (H 2 O)) and UPO4 ((UO 2 ) 2 O(OH)(L) 0.5 (C 2 O 4 ) 0.5 (H 2 O)) could be acquired at a low pH value of 1.98 and a higher pH value over 6, respectively. The UPO1-UPO4 compounds, which display structural diversity via pH-dependent competitive effect of oxalate, represent the first series of mixed-ligand uranyl polyrotaxanes with organic ligand as the coligand. Moreover, the self-assembly process and its internal mechanism concerning pH-dependent competitive effect and other related factors such as concentration of the reagents and coordination behaviors of the coligands were discussed in detail.

Coumarin incorporated triazoles: a new class of anticonvulsants.

PubMed

Bhat, Mashooq A; Al-Omar, Mohammed A

2011-01-01

A series of coumarin incorporated 1,2,4- triazole compounds (1-14) were evaluated for their possible anticonvulsant and neurotoxic properties, log P values, pharmacophoric mapping and three dimensional structure analysis. Compound (6) with para-fluoro substitution showed significant anticonvulsant activity.

Incorporation of Uranium into Hematite during Crystallization from Ferrihydrite

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Ferrihydrite was exposed to U(VI)-containing cement leachate (pH 10.5) and aged to induce crystallization of hematite. A combination of chemical extractions, TEM, and XAS techniques provided the first evidence that adsorbed U(VI) (≈3000 ppm) was incorporated into hematite during ferrihydrite aggregation and the early stages of crystallization, with continued uptake occurring during hematite ripening. Analysis of EXAFS and XANES data indicated that the U(VI) was incorporated into a distorted, octahedrally coordinated site replacing Fe(III). Fitting of the EXAFS showed the uranyl bonds lengthened from 1.81 to 1.87 Å, in contrast to previous studies that have suggested that the uranyl bond is lost altogether upon incorporation into hematite. The results of this study both provide a new mechanistic understanding of uranium incorporation into hematite and define the nature of the bonding environment of uranium within the mineral structure. Immobilization of U(VI) by incorporation into hematite has clear and important implications for limiting uranium migration in natural and engineered environments. PMID:24580024

Myeloperoxidase-catalyzed incorporation of amines into proteins: role of hypochlorous acid and dichloramines.

PubMed

Thomas, E L; Jefferson, M M; Grisham, M B

1982-11-23

Myeloperoxidase-catalyzed oxidation of chloride (Cl-) to hypochlorous acid (HOCl) resulted in formation of mono- and dichloramine derivatives (RNHCl and RNCl2) of primary amines. The RNCl2 derivatives could undergo a reaction that resulted in incorporation of the R moiety into proteins. The probable mechanism was attack of RNCl2 or an intermediate formed in the decomposition of RNCl2 on histidine, tyrosine, and cystine residues and on lysine residues at high pH. Incorporation of radioactivity from labeled amines into stable, high molecular weight derivatives of proteins was measured by acid or acetone precipitation and by gel chromatography and electrophoresis. Whereas formation of RNCl2 was favored at low pH, the subsequent incorporation reaction was favored at high pH. Up to several hours were required for the maximum amount of incorporation, which was less than 10% of the label in RNCl2. For the amines tested, incorporation was in the order histamine greater than 1,2-diaminoethane greater than putrescine greater than taurine greater than lysine greater than glucosamine greater than leucine greater than methylamine. Initiation of the reaction required HOCl, and oxidized forms of bromide, iodide, or thiocyanate did not substitute. Inhibitors of incorporation fell into three classes. First, ammonia or amines competed with the labeled amine for reaction with HOCl, so that larger amounts of HOCl were required. Second, readily oxidized substances such as sulfhydryl or diketo compounds or thioethers (methionine) reduced RNCl2. Third, certain compounds competed with protein as the acceptor for the incorporation reaction. The amount required to block incorporation into protein depended on protein concentration. Among these inhibitors were imidazole compounds (histidine), phenols (tyrosine), and disulfides (glutathione disulfide, GSSG). Low yields of derivatives of histidine, tyrosine, and GSSG were detected by thin-layer chromatography. Acid-precipitable derivatives were

Platelet adhesion on phosphorus-incorporated tetrahedral amorphous carbon films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Aiping; Zhu, Jiaqi; Liu, Meng; Dai, Zhifei; Han, Xiao; Han, Jiecai

2008-11-01

The haemocompatibility of phosphorus-incorporated tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C:P) films, synthesized by filtered cathodic vacuum arc technique with PH 3 as the dopant source, was assessed by in vitro platelet adhesion tests. Results based on scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements reveal that phosphorus incorporation improves the wettability and blood compatibility of ta-C film. Our studies may provide a novel approach for the design and synthesis of doped ta-C films to repel platelet adhesion and reduce thrombosis risk.

Properties and antioxidant activity of fish skin gelatin film incorporated with citrus essential oils.

PubMed

Tongnuanchan, Phakawat; Benjakul, Soottawat; Prodpran, Thummanoon

2012-10-01

Properties of protein-based film from fish skin gelatin incorporated with different citrus essential oils, including bergamot, kaffir lime, lemon and lime (50% based on protein) in the presence of 20% and 30% glycerol were investigated. Films containing 20% glycerol had higher tensile strength (TS) but lower elongation at break (EAB), compared with those prepared with 30% glycerol, regardless of essential oils incorporated (p<0.05). Films incorporated with essential oils, especially from lime, at both glycerol levels showed the lower TS but higher EAB than the control films (without incorporated essential oil) (p<0.05). Water vapour permeability (WVP) of films containing essential oils was lower than that of control films for both glycerol levels (p<0.05). Films with essential oils had varying ΔE(*) (total colour difference), where the highest value was observed in that added with bergamot essential oil (p<0.05). Higher glycerol content increased EAB and WVP but decreased TS of films. Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectra indicated that films added with essential oils exhibited higher hydrophobicity with higher amplitude at wavenumber of 2874-2926 cm(-1) and 1731-1742 cm(-1) than control film. Film incorporated with essential oils exhibited slightly lower thermal degradation resistance, compared to the control film. Varying effect of essential oil on thermal degradation temperature and weight loss was noticeable, but all films prepared using 20% glycerol had higher thermal degradation temperature with lower weight loss, compared with those containing 30% glycerol. Films added with all types of essential oils had rough cross-section, compared with control films, irrespective of glycerol levels. However, smooth surface was observed in all film samples. Film incorporated with lemon essential oil showed the highest ABTS radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (p<0.05), while the other films had lower activity. Thus, the

Frozen storage stability of beef patties incorporated with extracts from ulam raja leaves (Cosmos caudatus).

PubMed

Reihani, S F S; Tan, Thuan-Chew; Huda, Nurul; Easa, Azhar Mat

2014-07-15

In Malaysia, fresh ulam raja leaves (Cosmos caudatus) are eaten raw with rice. In this study, beef patties incorporated with extracts of ulam raja (UREX) and commercial green tea extract (GTE) added individually at 200 and 500 mg/kg were stored at -18°C for up to 10 weeks. Lipid oxidation, cooking yield, physicochemical properties, textural properties, proximate composition and sensory characteristics of the beef patties were compared between those incorporated with UREX, GTE and the control (pure beef patty). Incorporation of UREX or GTE at 500 mg/kg into beef patties reduced the extent of lipid oxidation significantly (P<0.05). UREX showed a strong lipid oxidation inhibitory effect, comparable with GTE. In addition, a significant improvement (P<0.05) in cooking yield and textural properties was also recorded. However, incorporation of UREX and GTE into beef patties showed no significant influence (P>0.05) on the colour, pH, proximate composition and overall sensory acceptability of the patties. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

10 CFR 431.443 - Materials incorporated by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT Small Electric Motors Test Procedures § 431.443 Materials incorporated by... Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Program, Sixth Floor, 950 L'Enfant Plaza, SW., Washington, DC 20024...) IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway...

10 CFR 431.443 - Materials incorporated by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT Small Electric Motors Test Procedures § 431.443 Materials incorporated by... Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Program, Sixth Floor, 950 L'Enfant Plaza, SW., Washington, DC 20024...) IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway...

10 CFR 431.443 - Materials incorporated by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT Small Electric Motors Test Procedures § 431.443 Materials incorporated by... Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Program, Sixth Floor, 950 L'Enfant Plaza, SW., Washington, DC 20024...) IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 445 Hoes Lane, P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway...

Cs and Ag co-incorporation in cubic silicon carbide

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Londono-Hurtado, Alejandro; Heim, Andrew J.; Kim, Sungtae; Szlufarska, Izabela; Morgan, Dane

2013-08-01

those calculated for simple Cs and Ag defect clusters in SiC and to identify the most stable Cs/Ag-O-V defect clusters in SiC. Although some error will be associated with the formation energies due the limitations discussed above, these do not undermine the qualitative objectives of this work.Oxygen and Iodine chemical potential: In order to calculate the formation energies for Cs/Ag-O defect clusters, it is necessary to define the reference states that will be used in Eq. (1). We make the approximation that the reference for Cs and Ag is their pure metal form. The reference cancels from all comparisons between direct and co-incorporation and therefore only plays a role when considering formation energies for estimating solubility. These reference states can be justified as a bounding case for solubility calculations since it can be argued that if Ag and Cs are not in metal form in the TRISO particle, it is because they are in a more stable state. Therefore, by choosing the metal form of Cs and Ag as the reference, formation energies can be viewed as an upper bound of their chemical potential. As a consequence, formation energies calculated using this reference provide the lower bound for the true formation energy (i.e., the true formation energy would be more positive, leading to lower solubility) [11]. For the anions O and I we use the gas phase O2 and I2 molecules as the reference states, which are calculated as follows:The chemical potential of O is calculated as proposed by Lee et al. [32]: μ={1}/{2}EOVASP+ΔhO0+[H(T,P0)-H(T0,P0)]-TS(T,P0)+kTln(P/P0) where EOVASP is the T = 0 K energy as obtained from the DFT calculations, ΔhO0 is the correction for errors of the oxygen energy in O2 molecules vs. a solid, H is the O2 gas enthalpy, S is the O2 gas entropy, P is the oxygen partial pressure (P0 = 1 atm), T is the temperature (T0 = 298.15 K), and k is the Boltzman constant. The term [H(T,P0)-H(T0,P0)]-TS(T,P0) constitutes the free energy per O of O2 gas relative to

Increased rate of adenine incorporation into adenine nucleotide pool in erythrocytes of patients with chronic renal failure.

PubMed

Marlewski, M; Smolenski, R T; Szolkiewicz, M; Aleksandrowicz, Z; Rutkowski, B; Swierczynski, J

2000-11-01

Elevated purine nucleotide pool (mainly ATP) in erythrocytes of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) is a known phenomenon, however the mechanism responsible for this abnormality is far from being clear. We hypothesize that the increased rate of adenine incorporation into adenine nucleotide pool is responsible for the elevated level of ATP in uremic erythrocytes. In chronically uremic patients we evaluated using HPLC technique: (a) plasma adenine concentration; (b) the rate of adenine incorporation into adenine nucleotide pool in uremic erythrocytes. Additionally, the effect of higher than physiological phosphate concentration (2.4 mM) and lower than physiological pH (7.1) on adenine incorporation into erythrocytes adenine nucleotide pool was investigated. Healthy volunteers with normal renal function served as control. The concentration of adenine in plasma of CRF patients was found to be significantly higher than in plasma of healthy subjects. In contrast, adenosine concentration was similar both in healthy humans and in CRF patients. In isolated erythrocytes of uremic patients (incubated in the medium pH 7.4, containing 1.2 mM inorganic phosphate) adenine was incorporated into adenine nucleotide pool at a rate approximately 2-fold higher than in erythrocytes from healthy subjects. The rate of adenosine incorporation into adenine nucleotide pool was similar in erythrocytes of both studied groups. Incubation of erythrocytes obtained from healthy subjects in the medium pH 7.4, containing 2.4 mM inorganic phosphate, caused the increase of adenine incorporation into adenine nucleotide pool by about 60%. Incubation of the cells in the pH 7.1 buffer containing 2. 4 mM inorganic phosphate increased the rate of adenine incorporation into adenylate approximately 2-fold as compared to erythrocytes incubated in the medium pH 7.4 containing 1.2 mM inorganic phosphate. Erythrocytes obtained from uremic patients and incubated in the pH 7.1 medium containing 2.4 m

46 CFR 164.013-2 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

.... All approved material incorporated by reference may be inspected at the National Archives and Records... Fire Safety Division, U.S. Coast Guard Stop 7509, 2703 Martin Luther King Jr. Avenue SE., Washington...: Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., P.O. Box 13995, Research Triangle Park, NC...

46 CFR 164.013-2 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

.... All approved material incorporated by reference may be inspected at the National Archives and Records... Fire Safety Division, U.S. Coast Guard Stop 7509, 2703 Martin Luther King Jr. Avenue SE., Washington...: Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., P.O. Box 13995, Research Triangle Park, NC...

77 FR 43881 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated; Order Granting...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-26

...-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated; Order Granting Approval of Proposed Rule Change To List and Trade CBOE S&P 500 AM/PM Basis Options July 20, 2012. I. Introduction On May 23, 2012, the Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated (``Exchange'' or ``CBOE'') filed with the...

46 CFR 164.013-2 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

.... All approved material incorporated by reference may be inspected at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA), and at the U.S. Coast Guard, Lifesaving and Fire Safety Division (CG-ENG-4), 2100 2nd St... as follows: Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., P.O. Box 13995, Research...

10 CFR 431.443 - Materials incorporated by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT Small Electric Motors Test Procedures § 431.443 Materials incorporated by... Renewable Energy, Building Technologies Program, Sixth Floor, 950 L'Enfant Plaza, SW., Washington, DC 20024... §§ 431.444; 431.447. (c) IEEE. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 445 Hoes Lane, P...

77 FR 5286 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated; Order Approving a...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-02

...-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated; Order Approving a Proposed Rule Change To Adopt Rules Governing S&P 500 Option Variance Basket Trades January 27, 2012. I. Introduction On October 26, 2011, Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated (``Exchange'' or ``CBOE'') filed...

Inhibition of calcium-independent phospholipase A2 prevents arachidonic acid incorporation and phospholipid remodeling in P388D1 macrophages.

PubMed Central

Balsinde, J; Bianco, I D; Ackermann, E J; Conde-Frieboes, K; Dennis, E A

1995-01-01

Cellular levels of free arachidonic acid (AA) are controlled by a deacylation/reacylation cycle whereby the fatty acid is liberated by phospholipases and reincorporated by acyltransferases. We have found that the esterification of AA into membrane phospholipids is a Ca(2+)-independent process and that it is blocked up to 60-70% by a bromoenollactone (BEL) that is a selective inhibitor of a newly discovered Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in macrophages. The observed inhibition correlates with a decreased steady-state level of lysophospholipids as well as with the inhibition of the Ca(2+)-independent PLA2 activity in these cells. This inhibition is specific for the Ca(2+)-independent PLA2 in that neither group IV PLA2, group II PLA2, arachidonoyl-CoA synthetase, lysophospholipid:arachidonoyl-CoA acyltransferase, nor CoA-independent transacylase is affected by treatment with BEL. Moreover, two BEL analogs that are not inhibitors of the Ca(2+)-independent PLA2--namely a bromomethyl ketone and methyl-BEL--do not inhibit AA incorporation into phospholipids. Esterification of palmitic acid is only slightly affected by BEL, indicating that de novo synthetic pathways are not inhibited by BEL. Collectively, the data suggest that the Ca(2+)-independent PLA2 in P388D1 macrophages plays a major role in regulating the incorporation of AA into membrane phospholipids by providing the lysophospholipid acceptor employed in the acylation reaction. PMID:7667324

Hydrogen incorporation and charge balance in natural zircon

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

De Hoog, J. C. M.; Lissenberg, C. J.; Brooker, R. A.; Hinton, R.; Trail, D.; Hellebrand, E.

2014-09-01

The water and trace element contents of natural igneous zircons were determined to constrain the mechanism of hydrogen incorporation. The low radiation-damage zircons were derived from Fe-Ti oxide gabbros from the Vema Fracture Zone (11°N, Mid-Atlantic Ridge). They contain up to 1212 ppmw H2O, 1.9 wt.% Y2O3 and 0.6 wt.% P2O5 and are generally strongly zoned. REE + Y are partially charge-balanced by P (Y, REE3+ + P5+ = Zr4+ + Si4+), but a large REE excess is present. On an atomic basis, this excess is closely approximated by the amount of H present in the zircons. We therefore conclude that H is incorporated by a charge-balance mechanism (H+ + REE3+ = Zr4+). This interpretation is consistent with FTIR data of the Vema zircons, which shows a strongly polarised main absorption band at ca. 3100 cm-1, similar to experimentally grown Lu-doped hydrous zircon. The size of this 3100 cm-1 band scales with H and REE contents. Apart from a small overlapping band at 3200 cm-1, no other absorption bands are visible, indicating that a hydrogrossular-type exchange mechanism does not appear to be operating in these zircons. Because of charge-balanced uptake of H, P and REE in zircon, the partitioning of these elements into zircon is dependent on each of their concentrations. For instance, DREEzrc/melt increases with increasing H and P contents of the melt, whereas DHzrc/melt increases with increasing REE content but decreases with increasing P content. In addition, H-P-REE systematics of sector zoning indicate kinetic effects may play an important role. Hence, using H in zircon to determine the water content of melts is problematic, and REE partitioning studies need to take into account P and H2O contents of the melt.

PISA: Federated Search in P2P Networks with Uncooperative Peers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ren, Zujie; Shou, Lidan; Chen, Gang; Chen, Chun; Bei, Yijun

Recently, federated search in P2P networks has received much attention. Most of the previous work assumed a cooperative environment where each peer can actively participate in information publishing and distributed document indexing. However, little work has addressed the problem of incorporating uncooperative peers, which do not publish their own corpus statistics, into a network. This paper presents a P2P-based federated search framework called PISA which incorporates uncooperative peers as well as the normal ones. In order to address the indexing needs for uncooperative peers, we propose a novel heuristic query-based sampling approach which can obtain high-quality resource descriptions from uncooperative peers at relatively low communication cost. We also propose an effective method called RISE to merge the results returned by uncooperative peers. Our experimental results indicate that PISA can provide quality search results, while utilizing the uncooperative peers at a low cost.

Whey protein film with oxygen scavenging function by incorporation of ascorbic acid.

PubMed

Janjarasskul, Theeranun; Tananuwong, Kanitha; Krochta, John M

2011-01-01

Residual O(2) in a package headspace can be removed by an O(2)-absorbing sachet, which can be harmful if swallowed by the consumer, or by a chemically-active plastic packaging film, which is difficult to recycle. An edible, O(2)-absorbing film would avoid these disadvantages. The objective of our research was to assess the O(2)-scavenging potential of an edible whey protein isolate (WPI) film incorporating ascorbic acid (AA). AA at 0.05, 0.1, or 0.2 M was added to 5% (w/w) heat-denatured WPI film-forming solutions with WPI : glycerol (Gly) ratio of 1: 1.00, 1: 0.80, or 1: 0.67. The pH of solutions was then adjusted to 3.5 (below pK(a1) of AA), to stabilize AA against oxidation, before film casting. The mechanical properties, O(2) permeabilities, and thermal transitions of films were measured. Activation of the O(2)-scavenging function of the AA-incorporated films was accomplished by adjustment of the films to pH ≥ 7. O(2)-scavenging ability of AA-incorporated WPI films was determined by measuring residual O(2) in the headspace of a high-barrier container. Incorporation of AA into WPI film decreased film tensile strength and further reduced O(2) permeability at each WPI : Gly ratio. AA-containing films adjusted to pH ≥ 7 demonstrated O(2) absorption proportional to AA content, consistent with theoretical O(2)-scavenging capacity. Thermal transition measurements indicated that AA was involved in WPI structural modification and decreased the degradation temperature of WPI-based film. The demonstrated O(2)-scavenging function, improved O(2) barrier and acceptable mechanical properties of AA-incorporated films indicate potential commercial usefulness. Ascorbic acid-incorporated whey protein film with oxygen scavenging function can be used to extend shelf lives of a wide variety of oxygen-sensitive products by eliminating headspace oxygen as well as oxygen permeating through the packaging wall over time. Edible oxygen-scavenger film has the advantages of avoiding

p38α phosphorylates serine 258 within the cytoplasmic domain of tissue factor and prevents its incorporation into cell-derived microparticles.

PubMed

Ettelaie, Camille; Elkeeb, Azza M; Maraveyas, Anthony; Collier, Mary Elizabeth W

2013-03-01

We previously showed that the phosphorylation of Ser253 within the cytoplasmic domain of human tissue factor (TF) initiates the incorporation and release of this protein into cell-derived microparticles. Furthermore, subsequent phosphorylation of Ser258 terminates this process. However, the identity of the kinase responsible for the phosphorylation of Ser258 and mode of action of this enzyme remain unknown. In this study, p38α was identified as the proline-directed kinase capable of phosphorylating Ser258 specifically, and without any detectable activity towards Ser253. Furthermore, using synthetic peptides, it was shown that the Km for the reaction decreased by approximately 10 fold on substitution of Ser253 with phospho-Ser253. Either inhibition of p38 using SB202190 or knockdown of p38α expression in coronary artery endothelial cells overexpressing wild-type TF, resulted in decreased phosphorylation of Ser258, following activation of cells with PAR2-agonist peptide (PAR2-AP). In agreement with our previous data, inhibition of phosphorylation of this residue maintained the release of TF. Activation of PAR2 in cells transfected to overexpress TF, resulted in two separate peaks of p38 activity at approximately 40 and 120 min post-activation. Furthermore, overexpression of Ala253-substituted TF enhanced the second p38 activation peak. However, the second peak was absent in cells devoid of TF or in cells overexpressing the Asp253-substituted TF. Our data clearly identifies p38α as a kinase capable of phosphorylating Ser258 within the cytoplasmic domain of TF. Moreover, it appears that the presence of TF within the cells regulates the late activation of p38 and consequently the termination of TF release into microparticles. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Translation system engineering in Escherichia coli enhances non-canonical amino acid incorporation into proteins.

PubMed

Gan, Rui; Perez, Jessica G; Carlson, Erik D; Ntai, Ioanna; Isaacs, Farren J; Kelleher, Neil L; Jewett, Michael C

2017-05-01

The ability to site-specifically incorporate non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) into proteins has made possible the study of protein structure and function in fundamentally new ways, as well as the bio synthesis of unnatural polymers. However, the task of site-specifically incorporating multiple ncAAs into proteins with high purity and yield continues to present a challenge. At the heart of this challenge lies the lower efficiency of engineered orthogonal translation system components compared to their natural counterparts (e.g., translation elements that specifically use a ncAA and do not interact with the cell's natural translation apparatus). Here, we show that evolving and tuning expression levels of multiple components of an engineered translation system together as a whole enhances ncAA incorporation efficiency. Specifically, we increase protein yield when incorporating multiple p-azido-phenylalanine(pAzF) residues into proteins by (i) evolving the Methanocaldococcus jannaschii p-azido-phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase anti-codon binding domain, (ii) evolving the elongation factor Tu amino acid-binding pocket, and (iii) tuning the expression of evolved translation machinery components in a single vector. Use of the evolved translation machinery in a genomically recoded organism lacking release factor one enabled enhanced multi-site ncAA incorporation into proteins. We anticipate that our approach to orthogonal translation system development will accelerate and expand our ability to site-specifically incorporate multiple ncAAs into proteins and biopolymers, advancing new horizons for synthetic and chemical biotechnology. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1074-1086. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Tracking of Engineered Bacteria In Vivo Using Nonstandard Amino Acid Incorporation.

PubMed

Praveschotinunt, Pichet; Dorval Courchesne, Noémie-Manuelle; den Hartog, Ilona; Lu, Chaochen; Kim, Jessica J; Nguyen, Peter Q; Joshi, Neel S

2018-06-15

The rapidly growing field of microbiome research presents a need for better methods of monitoring gut microbes in vivo with high spatial and temporal resolution. We report a method of tracking microbes in vivo within the gastrointestinal tract by programming them to incorporate nonstandard amino acids (NSAA) and labeling them via click chemistry. Using established machinery constituting an orthogonal translation system (OTS), we engineered Escherichia coli to incorporate p-azido-l-phenylalanine (pAzF) in place of the UAG (amber) stop codon. We also introduced a mutant gene encoding for a cell surface protein (CsgA) that was altered to contain an in-frame UAG codon. After pAzF incorporation and extracellular display, the engineered strains could be covalently labeled via copper-free click reaction with a Cy5 dye conjugated to the dibenzocyclooctyl (DBCO) group. We confirmed the functionality of the labeling strategy in vivo using a murine model. Labeling of the engineered strain could be observed using oral administration of the dye to mice several days after colonization of the gastrointestinal tract. This work sets the foundation for the development of in vivo tracking microbial strategies that may be compatible with noninvasive imaging modalities and are capable of longitudinal spatiotemporal monitoring of specific microbial populations.

Mechanical properties, water sorption characteristics, and compound release of grape seed extract-incorporated resins

PubMed Central

EPASINGHE, Don Jeevanie; YIU, Cynthia Kar Yung; BURROW, Michael Francis

2017-01-01

Abstract Objective This study evaluated the effect of grape seed extract (GSE) incorporation on the mechanical properties, water sorption, solubility, and GSE release from the experimental adhesive resins. Material and Methods An experimental comonomer mixture, consisting of 40% Bis-GMA, 30% Bis MP, 28% HEMA, 0.26% camphorquinone and 1% EDMAB, was used to prepare four GSE-incorporated adhesive resins at concentrations of 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 wt%. The neat resin without GSE was used as the control. Six resin beams (25 mm x 2 mm x 2 mm) per group were prepared for flexural strength and modulus of elasticity evaluations using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Five disks (6 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness) per group were used for microhardness measurements using a Leitz micro-hardness tester with Leica Qgo software. Five disks (7 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness) per group were prepared and stored in deionized water for 28 days. Water sorption, solubility, and GSE release in deionized water were calculated for each GSE-incorporated adhesive at the end of 28th day. Data was evaluated using one-way ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparisons. Results Flexural strength, modulus of elasticity and microhardness of GSE-incorporated adhesive decreased significantly with incorporation of 1.5% of GSE (p<0.05). Addition of GSE had no effect on the water sorption of the adhesive resins (p=0.33). The solubility of the resin also increased significantly with incorporation of 1.5% of GSE (p<0.05). Quantities of GSE release increased with increased concentration of GSE in the adhesive resin. Conclusion Up to 1% of GSE can be incorporated into a dental adhesive resin without interfering with the mechanical properties or solubility of the resins. PMID:28877280

76 FR 66617 - Airworthiness Directives; Erickson Air-Crane Incorporated Model S-64F Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-27

... Airworthiness Directives; Erickson Air-Crane Incorporated Model S-64F Helicopters AGENCY: Federal Aviation... the Erickson Air-Crane (Erickson Air-Crane) Model S-64F helicopters. The amendment requires, at..., contact Erickson Air-Crane Incorporated, 3100 Willow Springs Road, P.O. Box 3247, Central Point, OR 97502...

Effect of surface incorporation of broiler litter applied to no-till cotton on runoff quality.

PubMed

Adeli, A; Shankle, M W; Tewolde, H; Brooks, J P; Sistani, K R; McLaughlin, M R; Rowe, D E

2011-01-01

Surface application of broiler litter to no-till cotton could lead to degradation of water quality. Incorporation of broiler litter into the top surface soil (0.05 m) could alleviate this risk. A 2-yr field study was conducted on a silt loam upland soil to determine the effect of incorporation of broiler litter into the soil surface on nutrient and bacterial transport in runoff. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four treatments and three replications. Treatments were (i) unfertilized control; (ii) surface-appliedbroiler litter at 7.8 Mg ha(-1) without incorporation; (iii) surface-applied broiler litter at 7.8 Mg ha(-1) with immediate incorporation; and (iv) inorganic fertilizer N (urea ammonium nitrate, 32% N) and inorganic fertilizer P (triple superphosphate) at the recommended rate. Phosphorus was surface appliedat 25 kg ha(-1) and N was injected at 101 kg ha(-1) into the soil using a commercial liquid fertilizer applicator. Runoff was collected from small runoff plots (2.4 m by 1.6 m) established at the bottom side of main plots (13.7 m by 6.0 m). Incorporation of broiler litter reduced total N (TN), NO3-N, water soluble P (WSP), and total P (TP) concentrations in runoffby 35, 25, 61, and 64%, respectively, and litter-associated bacteria by two to three orders of magnitude compared with unincorporated treatment. No significant difference in total suspended solids (TSS) in runoffwas obtained between incorporated and unincorporated treatments. Incorporation of broiler litter into the surface soil in the no-till system immediately after application minimized the potential risk for surface nutrient losses and bacteria transport in runoff.

77 FR 49389 - Airworthiness Directives; Revo, Incorporated Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-16

..., Incorporated Models COLONIAL C-1, COLONIAL C-2, LAKE LA-4, LAKE LA-4A, LAKE LA-4P, and LAKE LA-4-200 airplanes... COLONIAL C-1 airplanes are identical in every other respect to those installed on the airplanes referenced... COLONIAL C-1 airplanes to the Applicability, and add an optional terminating action for the requirements...

Incorporation of noble metals into aerogels

DOEpatents

Hair, Lucy M.; Sanner, Robert D.; Coronado, Paul R.

1998-01-01

Aerogels or xerogels containing atomically dispersed noble metals for applications such environmental remediation. New noble metal precursors, such as Pt--Si or Pd(Si--P).sub.2, have been created to bridge the incompatibility between noble metals and oxygen, followed by their incorporation into the aerogel or xerogel through sol-gel chemistry and processing. Applications include oxidation of hydrocarbons and reduction of nitrogen oxide species, complete oxidation of volatile organic carbon species, oxidative membranes for photocatalysis and partial oxidation for synthetic applications.

Visualization of the African swine fever virus infection in living cells by incorporation into the virus particle of green fluorescent protein-p54 membrane protein chimera

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hernaez, Bruno; Escribano, Jose M.; Alonso, Covadonga

2006-06-20

Many stages of African swine fever virus infection have not yet been studied in detail. To track the behavior of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in the infected cells in real time, we produced an infectious recombinant ASFV (B54GFP-2) that expresses and incorporates into the virus particle a chimera of the p54 envelope protein fused to the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). The incorporation of the fusion protein into the virus particle was confirmed immunologically and it was determined that p54-EGFP was fully functional by confirmation that the recombinant virus made normal-sized plaques and presented similar growth curves to themore » wild-type virus. The tagged virus was visualized as individual fluorescent particles during the first stages of infection and allowed to visualize the infection progression in living cells through the viral life cycle by confocal microscopy. In this work, diverse potential applications of B54GFP-2 to study different aspects of ASFV infection are shown. By using this recombinant virus it was possible to determine the trajectory and speed of intracellular virus movement. Additionally, we have been able to visualize for first time the ASFV factory formation dynamics and the cytophatic effect of the virus in live infected cells. Finally, we have analyzed virus progression along the infection cycle and infected cell death as time-lapse animations.« less

Incorporation of noble metals into aerogels

DOEpatents

Hair, L.M.; Sanner, R.D.; Coronado, P.R.

1998-12-22

Aerogels or xerogels containing atomically dispersed noble metals for applications such as environmental remediation are disclosed. New noble metal precursors, such as Pt--Si or Pd(Si--P){sub 2}, have been created to bridge the incompatibility between noble metals and oxygen, followed by their incorporation into the aerogel or xerogel through sol-gel chemistry and processing. Applications include oxidation of hydrocarbons and reduction of nitrogen oxide species, complete oxidation of volatile organic carbon species, oxidative membranes for photocatalysis and partial oxidation for synthetic applications.

Effect of liquid swine manure rate, incorporation, and timing of rainfall on phosphorus loss with surface runoff.

PubMed

Allen, Brett L; Mallarino, Antonio P

2008-01-01

Excessive manure phosphorus (P) application increases risk of P loss from fields. This study assessed total runoff P (TPR), bioavailable P (BAP), and dissolved reactive P (DRP) concentrations and loads in surface runoff after liquid swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) manure application with or without incorporation into soil and different timing of rainfall. Four replicated manure P treatments were applied in 2002 and in 2003 to two Iowa soils testing low in P managed with corn (Zea mays L.)-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotations. Total P applied each time was 0 to 80 kg P ha(-1) at one site and 0 to 108 kg P ha(-1) at the other. Simulated rainfall was applied within 24 h of P application or after 10 to 16 d and 5 to 6 mo. Nonincorporated manure P increased DRP, BAP, and TPR concentrations and loads linearly or exponentially for 24-h and 10- to 16-d runoff events. On average for the 24-h events, DRP, BAP, and TPR concentrations were 5.4, 4.7, and 2.2 times higher, respectively, for nonincorporated manure than for incorporated manure; P loads were 3.8, 7.7, and 3.6 times higher; and DRP and BAP concentrations were 54% of TPR for nonincorporated manure and 22 to 25% for incorporated manure. A 10- to 16-d rainfall delay resulted in DRP, BAP, and TPR concentrations that were 3.1, 2.7, and 1.1 times lower, respectively, than for 24-h events across all nonincorporated P rates, sites, and years, whereas runoff P loads were 3.8, 3.6, and 1.6 times lower, respectively. A 5- to 6-mo simulated rainfall delay reduced runoff P to levels similar to control plots. Incorporating swine manure when the probability of immediate rainfall is high reduces the risk of P loss in surface runoff; however, this benefit sharply decreases with time.

77 FR 33541 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated; Notice of Filing of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-06

...-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change To List and Trade CBOE S&P 500 AM/PM Basis Options May 31, 2012. Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of... given that on May 23, 2012, the Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated (``Exchange'' or ``CBOE...

Photoaffinity Labeling of Ras Converting Enzyme using Peptide Substrates that Incorporate Benzoylphenylalanine (Bpa) Residues: Improved Labeling and Structural Implications

PubMed Central

Kyro, Kelly; Manandhar, Surya P.; Mullen, Daniel; Schmidt, Walter K.; Distefano, Mark D.

2012-01-01

Rce1p catalyzes the proteolytic trimming of C-terminal tripeptides from isoprenylated proteins containing CAAX-box sequences. Because Rce1p processing is a necessary component in the Ras pathway of oncogenic signal transduction, Rce1p holds promise as a potential target for therapeutic intervention. However, its mechanism of proteolysis and active site have yet to be defined. Here, we describe synthetic peptide analogues that mimic the natural lipidated Rce1p substrate and incorporate photolabile groups for photoaffinity-labeling applications. These photoactive peptides are designed to crosslink to residues in or near the Rce1p active site. By incorporating the photoactive group via p-benzoyl-L-phenylalanine (Bpa) residues directly into the peptide substrate sequence, the labeling efficiency was substantially increased relative to a previously-synthesized compound. Incorporation of biotin on the N-terminus of the peptides permitted photolabeled Rce1p to be isolated via streptavidin affinity capture. Our findings further suggest that residues outside the CAAX-box sequence are in contact with Rce1p, which has implications for future inhibitor design. PMID:22079863

[Cytotoxicity of chimera peptides incorporating sequences of cyclin kinases inhibitors].

PubMed

Kharchenko, V P; Kulinich, V G; Lunin, V G; Filiasova, E I; Shishkin, A M; Sergeenko, O V; Riazanova, E M; Voronina, O L; Bozhenko, V K

2007-01-01

The study is concerned with proapoptotic properties of chimera peptides which incorporate sequences of inhibitors of cyclin kinases p161NK4a and p21CIP/WAF1 as well as internalized sequences (Antp and tat). Sequences of the p16 type appeared to be more cytotoxic than the p21 one. Cytotoxic effect proved dependent on orientation with respect to the C or N terminal point of a polypeptide chain rather than on chimera sequence extent. Although p16 endogenous synthesis did not influence chimera peptide levels, apoptosis did not take place in certain cellular lines. Due to the rather unsophisticated nature of such synthesis, it might be used in designing individually-tailored chemotherapeutic drugs.

Formulation and characterization of novel composite semi-refined iota carrageenan-based edible film incorporating palmitic acid

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Praseptiangga, Danar; Giovani, Sarah; Manuhara, Godras Jati; Muhammad, Dimas Rahadian Aji

2017-09-01

Novel composite films based on semi-refined iota-carrageenan (SRIC) incorporating palmitic acid (PA) were prepared by an emulsification method. Palmitic acid (PA) as hydrophobic material was incorporated into semi-refined iota-carrageenan edible films in order to improve water vapor barrier properties. Composite SRIC-based films with varying concentrations of PA (10%, 20%, and 30% w/w) were obtained by a solvent casting method. Their mechanical and barrier properties were investigated. Results showed that the incorporation of PA in films caused a significant increase (p < 0.05) in thickness as the concentration of PA increased (from 10% to 30% w/w). The mechanical properties of semi-refined iota-carrageenan were also affected by PA incorporation; increasing the concentration of PA (from 10% to 30% w/w) in films improved the tensile strength (TS). Interestingly, the TS value increased to a peak at 20% w/w PA. However, the TS value showed a decrease when PA were added at 30% w/w. Elongation-at-break (EAB) were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased when the concentration of PA in films increased (from 10% to 30% w/w). Furthermore, the incorporation of PA also affected the water vapor barrier properties of the films. Water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of the composite semi-refined iota-carrageenan-based edible film decreased significantly (p < 0.05) as the concentration of palmitic acid increased (from 10% to 30% w/w). Composite SRIC-based edible film incorporating 30% w/w of PA presented better water vapor barrier properties as compared to other films with 10% and 20% w/w PA incorporation. Thus, formulation containing 30% w/w palmitic acid promoted films with a highly beneficial to improve water vapor barrier properties and it has the potential for food packaging applications.

Alteration of sediments by hyperalkaline K-rich cement leachate: implications for strontium adsorption and incorporation.

PubMed

Wallace, Sarah H; Shaw, Samuel; Morris, Katherine; Small, Joe S; Burke, Ian T

2013-04-16

Results are presented from 1 year batch experiments where K-rich hyperalkaline pH 13.5 young cement water (YCW) was reacted with sediments to investigate the effect of high pH, mineral alteration, and secondary mineral precipitation on (90)Sr sorption. After reaction with YCW, Sr sorption was found to be greater than 75% in all samples up to 365 days and 98% in a sample reacted for 365 days at 70 °C. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of sediment samples reacted at room temperature showed surface alteration and precipitation of a secondary phase, likely a K-rich aluminosilicate gel. The presence of Sr-Si(Al) bond distances in Sr K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis suggested that the Sr was present as an inner-sphere adsorption complex. However, sequential extractions found the majority of this Sr was still exchangeable with Mg(2+) at pH 7. For the sample reacted for 1 year at 70 °C, EXAFS analysis revealed clear evidence for ∼6 Sr-Si(Al) backscatters at 3.45 Å, consistent with Sr incorporation into the neoformed K-chabazite phase that was detected by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Once incorporated into chabazite, (90)Sr was not exchangeable with Mg(2+), and chemical leaching with pH 1.5 HNO3 was required to remobilize 60% of the (90)Sr. These results indicate that, in high pH cementitious leachate, there is significantly enhanced Sr retention in sediments due to changes in the adsorption mechanism and incorporation into secondary silicate minerals. This suggests that Sr retention may be enhanced in this high pH zone and that the incorporation process may lead to irreversible exchange of the contaminant over extended time periods.

Ultraviolet irradiation effects incorporation of nitrate and nitrite nitrogen into aquatic natural organic matter

USGS Publications Warehouse

Thorn, Kevin A.; Cox, Larry G.

2012-01-01

One of the concerns regarding the safety and efficacy of ultraviolet radiation for treatment of drinking water and wastewater is the fate of nitrate, particularly its photolysis to nitrite. In this study, 15N NMR was used to establish for the first time that UV irradiation effects the incorporation of nitrate and nitrite nitrogen into aquatic natural organic matter (NOM). Irradiation of 15N-labeled nitrate in aqueous solution with an unfiltered medium pressure mercury lamp resulted in the incorporation of nitrogen into Suwannee River NOM (SRNOM) via nitrosation and other reactions over a range of pH from approximately 3.2 to 8.0, both in the presence and absence of bicarbonate, confirming photonitrosation of the NOM. The major forms of the incorporated label include nitrosophenol, oxime/nitro, pyridine, nitrile, and amide nitrogens. Natural organic matter also catalyzed the reduction of nitrate to ammonia on irradiation. The nitrosophenol and oxime/nitro nitrogens were found to be susceptible to photodegradation on further irradiation when nitrate was removed from the system. At pH 7.5, unfiltered irradiation resulted in the incorporation of 15N-labeled nitrite into SRNOM in the form of amide, nitrile, and pyridine nitrogen. In the presence of bicarbonate at pH 7.4, Pyrex filtered (cutoff below 290–300 nm) irradiation also effected incorporation of nitrite into SRNOM as amide nitrogen. We speculate that nitrosation of NOM from the UV irradiation of nitrate also leads to production of nitrogen gas and nitrous oxide, a process that may be termed photo-chemodenitrification. Irradiation of SRNOM alone resulted in transformation or loss of naturally abundant heterocyclic nitrogens.

Nuclear incorporation of iron during the eukaryotic cell cycle

DOE PAGES

Robinson, Ian; Yang, Yang; Zhang, Fucai; ...

2016-10-18

Scanning X-ray fluorescence microscopy has been used to probe the distribution of S, P and Fe within cell nuclei. Nuclei, which may have originated at different phases of the cell cycle, are found to show very different levels of Fe present with a strongly inhomogeneous distribution. P and S signals, presumably from DNA and associated nucleosomes, are high and relatively uniform across all the nuclei; these agree with X-ray phase contrast projection microscopy images of the same samples. Finally, we discuss possible reasons for the Fe incorporation.

Fabrication aspects of PLA-CaP/PLGA-CaP composites for orthopedic applications: a review.

PubMed

Zhou, Huan; Lawrence, Joseph G; Bhaduri, Sarit B

2012-07-01

For several decades, composites made of polylactic acid-calcium phosphates (PLA-CaP) and polylactic acid-co-glycolic acid-calcium phosphates (PLGA-CaP) have seen widespread uses in orthopedic applications. This paper reviews the fabrication aspects of these composites, following the ubiquitous materials science approach by studying "processing-structure-property" correlations. Various fabrication processes such as microencapsulation, phase separation, electrospinning, supercritical gas foaming, etc., are reviewed, with specific examples of their applications in fabricating these composites. The effect of the incorporation of CaP materials on the mechanical and biological performance of PLA/PLGA is addressed. In addition, this paper describes the state of the art on challenges and innovations concerning CaP dispersion, incorporation of biomolecules/stem cells and long-term degradation of the composites. Copyright © 2012 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Incorporation of metal ions into polyimides

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Taylor, L. T.; Carver, V. C.; Furtsch, T. A.; Saint Clair, A. K.

1980-01-01

The effects of the incorporation of metal ions into various polyimides on polyimide properties are investigated. Polyimide films derived from 3,3',4,4'-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (BDTA) 3,3'-diaminobenzophenone (m,m'-DABP), 4,4'-diaminobenzophenone (p,p'-DABP) or 4,4'-oxydianiline were prepared with the concurrent addition of approximately 20 metals in a variety of forms. In general, it is found that the films derived from BDTA + p,p'-DABP were brittle and of poor quality, with brittle films also produced in most of the BDTA + m, m'-DABP polyimides regardless of whether the added metal was hydrate or anhydrous. Thermomechanical analysis, torsional braid analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis, infrared spectral analysis and isothermal studies on many of the polyimide films produced indicate that the softening temperature is generally increased upon the addition of metal ions, at the expense of thermal stability, while no changes in chemical functionality are observed. The best system studied in regard to polymer property enhancement appears to be tri(acetylacetonato)aluminum(III) added to the m, m'-DABP polyamide, which has been found to exhibit four times the lap shear strength of the polyimide alone.

Effects of catecholamines on rat myocardial metabolism. II. Influence of catecholamines on 32p-incorporation into rat myocardial adenylic nucleotides and their turn-over.

PubMed

Merouze, P; Gaudemer, Y; Gautheron, D

1975-01-01

1. The influence of catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline) on 32Pi incorporation into intracellular phosphate and adenylic nucleotides has been studied on rat myocardium slices; consequently, the turn-over of nucleotides could be determined and compared under the influence of these two hormones. 2. In order to specify the site of action of these catecholamines, several inhibitors and activators of energetic metabolism were included in the incubation medium: 3'5'-AMP, caffein, ouabain, oligomycin, rotenone + antimycin. 3. Both catecholamines favour Pi exchanges between intra and extracellular spaces; ATP turn-over is greatly increased, while ADP turn-over is slightly decreased, and 32P-incorporation into ADP is increased. 4. 3'5'-AMP and caffein are without effect on Pi penetration; however, caffein increases catecholamine effects on this penetration. ATP turn-over is slightly increased by 3'5'-AMP or caffein. 5. Ouabain decreases ATP turn-over but does not prevent the adrenaline induced acceleration. Inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport decrease ATP-turn-over severely; this inhibition is not released by catecholamines. 6. It is concluded that the catecholamine effects observed are dependent on the oxidative phosphorylations process. The increase of Pi exchange by catecholamines may be related to the increase of extracellular space and cation translocations we observed with the hormones.

[Incorporation monitoring of employees of a radioiodine therapy ward. Is incorporation monitoring required for routine?].

PubMed

Happel, C; Kratzel, U; Selkinski, I; Bockisch, B; Etzel, M; Korkusuz, H; Sauter, B; Staudt, J; von Müller, F; Grünwald, F; Kranert, W T

2013-01-01

Aim of the study was to determine the annual incorporation of staff on a radioiodine therapy ward and the resulting annual effective dose (aed). Following the German incorporation guideline (gig), incorporation monitoring is not necessary for potential aed below 0.5 mSv/a. For aed > 0.5 mSv/a adherence to the 1 mSv dose limit must be verified. For doses > 1 mSv/a incorporation has to be monitored by the authority. Furthermore, the (131)I incorporation factor from the gig should be verified. To determine the actual work related incorporation, the (131)I activity concentration in urine samples (collection over 24 h) of 14 employees of different professions were examined over a period of 27 months. Measured activity concentrations were related to the individual time of exposure. A constant activity supply for at least three days was assumed. The mean annual effective doses were 2.4 · 10⁻¹ mSv/a (nursing staff; n = 3), 5.6 · 10⁻² mSv/a (cleaning staff; n = 2), 2.8 · 10⁻³ mSv/a (technical staff; n = 2) and 5.2 · 10⁻³ mSv/a (physicians; n = 7). All aed were below the dose limits of the gig. The calculated mean incorporation factors ranged from 3.0 · 10⁻⁸ for the nursing staff to 3.6 · 10⁻¹⁰ for the technical staff (cleaning staff: 7 · 10⁻⁹; physicians: 6.5 · 10⁻¹⁰) and were therefore well below the (131)I incorporation factor defined by the gig. To estimate the aed caused by incorporation of (131)I it has to be subdivided for the different requirements in the diverse fields of activity of the employees. Regarding those who spend most of their time nearby the patient an incorporation monitoring by the authority might be required. The (131)I incorporation factor from the guideline (10⁻⁶) can be reduced by a factor of 10. For (99m)Tc and (18)F an incorporation factor of 10⁻⁷ is accepted.

167. Photocopy of drawing (1979 piping drawing by StearnsRoger Incorporated) ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

167. Photocopy of drawing (1979 piping drawing by Stearns-Roger Incorporated) HELIUM AND NITROGEN PUMPING SYSTEMS PIPING PLAN, SHEET 511-P8 - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Launch Pad 3 West, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

266. Photocopy of drawing (1979 piping drawing by StearnsRoger Incorporated) ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

266. Photocopy of drawing (1979 piping drawing by Stearns-Roger Incorporated) PIPING PLAN FOR HELIUM AND NITROGEN PUMPING SYSTEMS, SHEET 501-P17 - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Launch Pad 3 East, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

166. Photocopy of drawing (1979 piping drawing by StearnsRoger Incorporated) ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

166. Photocopy of drawing (1979 piping drawing by Stearns-Roger Incorporated) HELIUM AND NITROGEN PUMPING SYSTEMS FLOW DIAGRAM, SHEET 511-P6 - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Launch Pad 3 West, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

265. Photocopy of drawing (1979 piping drawing by StearnsRoger Incorporated) ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

265. Photocopy of drawing (1979 piping drawing by Stearns-Roger Incorporated) FLOW DIAGRAM FOR HELIUM AND NITROGEN PUMPING SYSTEMS, SHEET 501-P16 - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Launch Pad 3 East, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

Evaluation of the effect of D-amino acid incorporation into amyloid-reactive peptides.

PubMed

Martin, Emily B; Williams, Angela; Richey, Tina; Wooliver, Craig; Stuckey, Alan; Foster, James S; Kennel, Stephen J; Wall, Jonathan S

2017-12-11

Systemic amyloidoses comprise diseases characterized by the deposition of proteinaceous material known as amyloid. Currently, without performing multiple biopsies, there is no way to ascertain the extent of amyloid deposition in patients-a critical piece of information that informs prognosis and therapeutic strategies. We have developed pan-amyloid-targeting peptides for imaging amyloid and recently have adapted these for use as pre-targeting agents in conjunction with immunotherapy. Incorporation of D-amino acids in these peptides may enhance serum half-life, which is an important characteristic of effective peptide therapeutics. Herein, we assess the effects of partial incorporation of D-amino acids into the amyloidophilic peptide p5 on in vivo amyloid reactivity. Peptides, referred to as AQA p5 (d) , aqa p5, and AQA p5, were radiolabeled with iodine-125 and the tissue biodistribution (% injected dose/gram) measured in healthy mice at multiple time points post-injection. Microscopic distribution of the peptides was further visualized using microautoradiography (ARG). Peptides aqa p5 and AQA p5 were injected into healthy and amyloid-laden mice and evaluated by using SPECT/CT imaging at 1, 4 and 24 h post injection. Biodistribution data and ARG revealed persistent retention of [ 125 I] AQA p5 (d) in the liver and kidneys of healthy mice for at least 24 h. In contrast, peptides [ 125 I] aqa p5 and [ 125 I] AQA p5 did not bind these organs and was significantly lower than [ 125 I] AQA p5 (d) at 24 h post injection (p < 0.0001). SPECT/CT imaging of amyloid-laden mice revealed accumulation of both [ 125 I] aqa p5 and [ 125 I] AQA p5 in amyloid-affected organs; whereas, in healthy mice, [ 125 I] aqa p5 was observed in the kidneys and liver at early time points, and free radioiodide liberated during catabolism of [ 125 I] AQA p5 was seen in the stomach and thyroid. Autoradiography confirmed that both [ 125 I] aqa p5 and [ 125 I] AQA p5 peptides specifically bound

Defect-Induced Luminescence Quenching vs. Charge Carrier Generation of Phosphorus Incorporated in Silicon Nanocrystals as Function of Size.

PubMed

Hiller, Daniel; López-Vidrier, Julian; Gutsch, Sebastian; Zacharias, Margit; Nomoto, Keita; König, Dirk

2017-04-13

Phosphorus doping of silicon nanostructures is a non-trivial task due to problems with confinement, self-purification and statistics of small numbers. Although P-atoms incorporated in Si nanostructures influence their optical and electrical properties, the existence of free majority carriers, as required to control electronic properties, is controversial. Here, we correlate structural, optical and electrical results of size-controlled, P-incorporating Si nanocrystals with simulation data to address the role of interstitial and substitutional P-atoms. Whereas atom probe tomography proves that P-incorporation scales with nanocrystal size, luminescence spectra indicate that even nanocrystals with several P-atoms still emit light. Current-voltage measurements demonstrate that majority carriers must be generated by field emission to overcome the P-ionization energies of 110-260 meV. In absence of electrical fields at room temperature, no significant free carrier densities are present, which disproves the concept of luminescence quenching via Auger recombination. Instead, we propose non-radiative recombination via interstitial-P induced states as quenching mechanism. Since only substitutional-P provides occupied states near the Si conduction band, we use the electrically measured carrier density to derive formation energies of ~400 meV for P-atoms on Si nanocrystal lattice sites. Based on these results we conclude that ultrasmall Si nanovolumes cannot be efficiently P-doped.

Effect of incorporation of zinc oxide nanoparticles on mechanical properties of conventional glass ionomer cements.

PubMed

Panahandeh, Narges; Torabzadeh, Hassan; Aghaee, Mohammadamin; Hasani, Elham; Safa, Saeed

2018-01-01

The aim of this study is to investigate the physical properties of conventional and resin-modified glass ionomer cements (GICs) compared to GICs supplemented with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanofiller particles at 5% (w/w). In this in vitro study, ZnO nanoparticles of different morphologies (nanospherical, nanorod, and nanoflower) were incorporated to glass ionomer powder. The samples were subjected to the flexural strength ( n = 20) and surface hardness test ( n = 12) using a universal testing machine and a Vickers hardness machine, respectively. Surface analysis and crystal structure of samples were performed with scanning electron microscope and X-radiation diffraction, respectively. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Shapiro-Wilk, and Tukey's tests ( P < 0.05). Flexural strength of glass ionomer containing nanoparticles was not significantly different from the control group ( P > 0.05). The surface hardness of the glass ionomer containing nanospherical or nanoflower ZnO was significantly lower than the control group ( P < 0.05). However, the surface hardness of glass ionomer containing nanorod ZnO was not significantly different from the control group ( P = 0.868). Incorporation of nanospherical and nanoflower ZnO to glass ionomer decreased their surface hardness, without any changes on their flexural strength. Incorporation of nanorod ZnO particles caused no effect on the mechanical properties.

263. Photocopy of drawing (1977 piping drawing by StearnsRoger Incorporated) ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

263. Photocopy of drawing (1977 piping drawing by Stearns-Roger Incorporated) NOAA MODIFICATION, SECTIONS FOR NITROGEN SUPPLY CABINET FOR INERTIAL MEASUREMENT UNIT, SHEET 501-P8 - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Launch Pad 3 East, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

269. Photocopy of drawing (1981 piping drawing by StearnsRoger Incorporated) ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

269. Photocopy of drawing (1981 piping drawing by Stearns-Roger Incorporated) ATLAS H CONVERSION; PLANS, SECTIONS, AND DETAILS FOR FUEL AND NITROGEN PIPING, SHEET 517-P3 - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Launch Pad 3 East, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

Optimizing photon-pair generation electronically using a p-i-n diode incorporated in a silicon microring resonator

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Savanier, Marc, E-mail: msavanier@eng.ucsd.edu; Kumar, Ranjeet; Mookherjea, Shayan, E-mail: smookherjea@eng.ucsd.edu

Silicon photonic microchips may be useful for compact, inexpensive, room-temperature optically pumped photon-pair sources, which unlike conventional photon-pair generators based on crystals or optical fibers, can be manufactured using CMOS-compatible processes on silicon wafers. It has been shown that photon pairs can be created in simple structures such as microring resonators at a rate of a few hundred kilohertz using less than a milliwatt of optical pump power, based on the process of spontaneous four-wave mixing. To create a practical photon-pair source, however, also requires some way of monitoring the device and aligning the pump wavelength when the temperature varies,more » since silicon resonators are highly sensitive to temperature. In fact, monitoring photodiodes are standard components in classical laser diodes, but the incorporation of germanium or InGaAs photodiodes would raise the cost and fabrication complexity. Here, we present a simple and effective all-electronic technique for finding the optimum operating point for the microring used to generate photon pairs, based on measuring the reverse-biased current in a silicon p-i-n junction diode fabricated across the waveguide that constitutes the silicon microring. We show that by monitoring the current, and using it to tune the pump laser wavelength, the photon-pair generation properties of the microring can be preserved over a temperature range of more than 30 °C.« less

Microfluidic platform for efficient Nanodisc assembly, membrane protein incorporation, and purification.

PubMed

Wade, James H; Jones, Joshua D; Lenov, Ivan L; Riordan, Colleen M; Sligar, Stephen G; Bailey, Ryan C

2017-08-22

The characterization of integral membrane proteins presents numerous analytical challenges on account of their poor activity under non-native conditions, limited solubility in aqueous solutions, and low expression in most cell culture systems. Nanodiscs are synthetic model membrane constructs that offer many advantages for studying membrane protein function by offering a native-like phospholipid bilayer environment. The successful incorporation of membrane proteins within Nanodiscs requires experimental optimization of conditions. Standard protocols for Nanodisc formation can require large amounts of time and input material, limiting the facile screening of formation conditions. Capitalizing on the miniaturization and efficient mass transport inherent to microfluidics, we have developed a microfluidic platform for efficient Nanodisc assembly and purification, and demonstrated the ability to incorporate functional membrane proteins into the resulting Nanodiscs. In addition to working with reduced sample volumes, this platform simplifies membrane protein incorporation from a multi-stage protocol requiring several hours or days into a single platform that outputs purified Nanodiscs in less than one hour. To demonstrate the utility of this platform, we incorporated Cytochrome P450 into Nanodiscs of variable size and lipid composition, and present spectroscopic evidence for the functional active site of the membrane protein. This platform is a promising new tool for membrane protein biology and biochemistry that enables tremendous versatility for optimizing the incorporation of membrane proteins using microfluidic gradients to screen across diverse formation conditions.

Model resin composites incorporating ZnO-NP: activity against S. mutans and physicochemical properties characterization

PubMed Central

Brandão, Natasha Lamego; Portela, Maristela Barbosa; Maia, Luciane Cople; Antônio, Andréa; Silva, Vanessa Loureiro Moreira e

2018-01-01

Abstract Although resin composites are widely used in the clinical practice, the development of recurrent caries at composite-tooth interface still remains as one of the principal shortcomings to be overcome in this field. Objectives To evaluate the activity against S. mutans biofilm of model resin composites incorporating different concentrations of ZnO-nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) and characterize their physicochemical properties. Materials and Methods Different concentrations of ZnO-NP (wt.%): E1=0, E2=0.5, E3=1, E4=2, E5=5 and E6=10 were incorporated into a model resin composite consisting of Bis-GMA-TEGDMA and barium borosilicate particles. The activity against S. mutans biofilm was evaluated by metabolic activity and lactic acid production. The following physicochemical properties were characterized: degree of conversion (DC%), flexural strength (FS), elastic modulus (EM), hardness (KHN), water sorption (Wsp), water solubility (Wsl) and translucency (TP). Results E3, E4, E5 and E6 decreased the biofilm metabolic activity and E5 and E6 decreased the lactic acid production (p<0.05). E6 presented the lowest DC% (p<0.05). No significant difference in FS and EM was found for all resin composites (p>0.05). E5 and E6 presented the lowest values of KHN (p<0.05). E6 presented a higher Wsp than E1 (p<0.05) and the highest Wsl (p<0.05). The translucency significantly decreased as the ZnO- NP concentration increased (p<0.05). Conclusions The incorporation of 2 – 5 wt.% of ZnO-NP could endow antibacterial activity to resin composites, without jeopardizing their physicochemical properties. PMID:29742262

Model resin composites incorporating ZnO-NP: activity against S. mutans and physicochemical properties characterization.

PubMed

Brandão, Natasha Lamego; Portela, Maristela Barbosa; Maia, Luciane Cople; Antônio, Andréa; Silva, Vanessa Loureiro Moreira E; Silva, Eduardo Moreira da

2018-01-01

Although resin composites are widely used in the clinical practice, the development of recurrent caries at composite-tooth interface still remains as one of the principal shortcomings to be overcome in this field. Objectives To evaluate the activity against S. mutans biofilm of model resin composites incorporating different concentrations of ZnO-nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) and characterize their physicochemical properties. Materials and Methods Different concentrations of ZnO-NP (wt.%): E1=0, E2=0.5, E3=1, E4=2, E5=5 and E6=10 were incorporated into a model resin composite consisting of Bis-GMA-TEGDMA and barium borosilicate particles. The activity against S. mutans biofilm was evaluated by metabolic activity and lactic acid production. The following physicochemical properties were characterized: degree of conversion (DC%), flexural strength (FS), elastic modulus (EM), hardness (KHN), water sorption (Wsp), water solubility (Wsl) and translucency (TP). Results E3, E4, E5 and E6 decreased the biofilm metabolic activity and E5 and E6 decreased the lactic acid production (p<0.05). E6 presented the lowest DC% (p<0.05). No significant difference in FS and EM was found for all resin composites (p>0.05). E5 and E6 presented the lowest values of KHN (p<0.05). E6 presented a higher Wsp than E1 (p<0.05) and the highest Wsl (p<0.05). The translucency significantly decreased as the ZnO- NP concentration increased (p<0.05). Conclusions The incorporation of 2 - 5 wt.% of ZnO-NP could endow antibacterial activity to resin composites, without jeopardizing their physicochemical properties.

Neptunium incorporation into select uranyl phases and thermal analysis of select uranyl phases

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klingensmith, Amanda Leigh

Alteration of spent nuclear fuel in a geological repository under oxidizing conditions is likely to result in abundant uranyl compounds. The proposed repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada is intended to store about 70,000 metric tons of spent nuclear fuel in the unsaturated zone of a welded tuff sequence. Following failure of canisters that encapsulate the waste, contents may be exposed both to air and water and undergo repetitive wetting and drying events. Incorporation of radionuclides into the uranyl alteration phases may significantly reduce their mobility, thereby impacting repository performance. Of particular interest is 237Np owing to its long half-life (2.14 x 106 years) and potential mobility in groundwater. Powders of the synthetic uranyl phase soddyite, (UO2) 2(SiO4)(H2O)2, a framework type structure, and uranophane, Ca[(UO2)(SiO3OH)]2(H 2O)5, kasolite, Pb[(UO2)(SiO4)]H 2O, Na compreignacite, Na2[(UO2)3O 2(OH)3]2(H2O)7, and becquerelite, Ca[(UO2)3O2(OH)3]2(H 2O)8, all of which are sheet type structures, were synthesized in the presence of Np5+ under varying temperature and pH conditions. Uranophane, kasolite, boltwoodite K[(UO2)(SiO3OH)](H 2O)1.5, and Na boltwoodite K,Na[(UO2)(SiO 3OH)](H2O)1.5 were synthesized in the presence of Np as well as P, Ca and/or Mg. Single crystals of Na metaschoepite, Na[(UO 2)4O2(OH)5]˙5H2O were synthesized in the presence of Np5+ and laser ablation verified that Np can be incorporated within the structure of a uranyl phase. Incorporation of Np5+ into soddyite increased steadily with synthesis temperature. Np incorporation into uranophane, becquerelite, and kasolite was not dependent on synthesis temperature. Np uptake in uranophane and kasolite was found to be dependent on synthesis pH, with an increase in Np uptake with higher pH. Uranophane, boltwoodite and Na boltwoodite showed an increase in Np incorporation in the presence of P. Boltwoodite showed an even higher Np uptake when Mg and P were both present in the

Ocean acidification modulates the incorporation of radio-labeled heavy metals in the larvae of the Mediterranean sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus.

PubMed

Dorey, Narimane; Martin, Sophie; Oberhänsli, François; Teyssié, Jean-Louis; Jeffree, Ross; Lacoue-Labarthe, Thomas

2018-10-01

The marine organisms which inhabit the coastline are exposed to a number of anthropogenic pressures that may interact. For instance, the accumulation of toxic metals present in coastal waters is expected to be modified by ocean acidification through e.g. changes in physiological performance and/or elements availability. Changes in bioaccumulation due to lowering pH are likely to be differently affected depending on the nature (essential vs. non-essential) and speciation of each element. The Mediterranean is of high concern for possible cumulative effects due to strong human influences on the coastline. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ocean acidification (from pH 8.1 down to -1.0 pH units) on the incorporation kinetics of six trace metals (Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Ag, Cd, Cs) and one radionuclide ( 241 Am) in the larvae of an economically- and ecologically-relevant sea urchin of the Mediterranean coastline: Paracentrotus lividus. The radiolabelled metals and radionuclides added in trace concentrations allowed precise tracing of their incorporation in larvae during the first 74 h of their development. Independently of the expected indirect effect of pH on larval size/developmental rates, Paracentrotus lividus larvae exposed to decreasing pHs incorporated significantly more Mn and Ag and slightly less Cd. The incorporation of Co, Cs and 241 Am was unchanged, and Zn and Se exhibited complex incorporation behaviors. Studies such as this are necessary prerequisites to the implementation of metal toxicity mitigation policies for the future ocean. We discuss possible reasons and mechanisms for the specific effect of pH on each metals. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Preferential incorporation of substitutional nitrogen near the atomic step edges in diluted nitride alloys

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cornet, C.; Nguyen Thanh, T.; Almosni, S.

We have investigated the influence of the surface roughness on nitrogen incorporation during the molecular beam epitaxy of diluted nitrides, independently of the other growth parameters. GaPN/GaP layers grown simultaneously on surfaces displaying different roughnesses reveal a large difference in nitrogen incorporation despite the same growth temperature and growth rate. The same difference is found on quasi-lattice-matched GaAsPN demonstrating that the phenomenon is not related to any strain-induced mechanisms. The tendency is clearly confirmed when varying the growth conditions. As a direct consequence, the incorporation of substitutional nitrogen near the atomic step edges is found to be 6.7 times moremore » probable than the in-plane nitrogen incorporation. The formation of N-N{sub i} clusters and their stability on the surface is discussed.« less

Incorporation of metal and color alteration of enamel in the presence of orthodontic appliances.

PubMed

Maia, Lúcio Henrique E Gurgel; Filho, Hibernon Lopes de Lima; Araújo, Marcus Vinícius Almeida; Ruellas, Antônio Carlos de Oliveira; Araújo, Mônica Tirre de Souza

2012-09-01

To test the null hypothesis that it is not possible to incorporate metal ions arising from orthodontic appliance corrosion into tooth enamel with resulting tooth color change. This in vitro study used atomic absorption spectrophotometry to evaluate the presence of nickel, chromium, and iron ions in tooth enamel in three groups: a group submitted to cyclic demineralization and remineralization processes with solutions in which orthodontic appliances were previously immersed and corroded, releasing metallic ions; a control group; and another group, submitted to cycling only, without the presence of orthodontic appliances. The influence of the incorporation of these metals on a possible alteration in color was measured with a portable digital spectrophotometer using the CIE LAB system. At the end of the experiment, a significantly higher concentration of chromium and nickel (P < .05) was found in the group in which corrosion was present, and in this group, there was significantly greater color alteration (P ≤ .001). There was chromium and nickel incorporation into enamel and tooth color change when corrosion of orthodontic appliances was associated with cycling process. The null hypothesis is rejected.

202. Photocopy of drawing (1976 piping drawing by StearnsRoger Incorporated) ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

202. Photocopy of drawing (1976 piping drawing by Stearns-Roger Incorporated) HIGH PRESSURE GASEOUS NITROGEN AND HELIUM LINES FOR THE PAYLOAD PRESSURIZATION UNIT IN THE MST, SHEET 501-P2 - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Launch Pad 3 East, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

262. Photocopy of drawing (1976 piping drawing by StearnsRoger Incorporated) ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

262. Photocopy of drawing (1976 piping drawing by Stearns-Roger Incorporated) GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM MODIFICATIONS, PAYLOAD PRESSURIZATION UNIT HIGH PRESSURE GASEOUS NITROGEN AND HELIUM LINES FOR LSB, SHEET 501-P3 - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Launch Pad 3 East, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

Effects of organic solvents on drug incorporation into polymeric carriers and morphological analyses of drug-incorporated polymeric micelles.

PubMed

Harada, Yoshiko; Yamamoto, Tatsuhiro; Sakai, Masaru; Saiki, Toshiharu; Kawano, Kumi; Maitani, Yoshie; Yokoyama, Masayuki

2011-02-14

We incorporated an anticancer agent, camptothecin (CPT), into polymeric micelle carriers by using two different solvents (TFE and chloroform) in the solvent-evaporation drug incorporation process. We observed significant differences in the drug-incorporation behaviors, in the morphologies of the incorporated drug and the polymeric micelles, and in the pharmacokinetic behaviors between the two solvents' cases. In particular, the CPT-incorporated polymeric micelles prepared with TFE as the incorporation solvent exhibited more stable circulation in blood than those prepared with chloroform. This contrast indicates a novel technological perspective regarding the drug incorporation into polymeric micelle carriers. Morphological analyses of the inner core have revealed the presence of the directed alignment of the CPT molecules and CPT crystals in the micelle inner core. This is the first report of the morphologies of the drug incorporated into the polymeric micelle inner cores. We believe these analyses are very important for further pharmaceutical developments of polymeric micelle drug-carrier systems. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Assessment of students' ability to incorporate a computer into increasingly complex simulated patient encounters.

PubMed

Ray, Sarah; Valdovinos, Katie

Pharmacy students should be exposed to and offered opportunities to practice the skill of incorporating a computer into a patient interview in the didactic setting. Faculty sought to improve retention of student ability to incorporate computers into their patient-pharmacist communication. Students were required to utilize a computer to document clinical information gathered during a simulated patient encounter (SPE). Students utilized electronic worksheets and were evaluated by instructors on their ability to effectively incorporate a computer into a SPE using a rubric. Students received specific instruction on effective computer use during patient encounters. Students were then re-evaluated by an instructor during subsequent SPEs of increasing complexity using standardized rubrics blinded from the students. Pre-instruction, 45% of students effectively incorporated a computer into a SPE. After receiving instruction, 67% of students were effective in their use of a computer during a SPE of performing a pharmaceutical care assessment for a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (p < 0.05 compared to pre-instruction), and 58% of students were effective in their use of a computer during a SPE of retrieving a medication list and social history from a simulated alcohol-impaired patient (p = 0.087 compared to pre-instruction). Instruction can improve pharmacy students' ability to incorporate a computer into SPEs, a critical skill in building and maintaining rapport with patients and improving efficiency of patient visits. Complex encounters may affect students' ability to utilize a computer appropriately. Students may benefit from repeated practice with this skill, especially with SPEs of increasing complexity. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Preferable adsorption of phosphate using lanthanum-incorporated porous zeolite: Characteristics and mechanism

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, Yinhai; Lin, Hai; Dong, Yingbo; Wang, Liang

2017-12-01

The adsorbent, where lanthanum oxide was incorporated onto porous zeolite (La-Z), of preferable adsorption towards phosphate was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. Based on pH effect results, La-Z would effectively sequestrate phosphate over wider pH range of 3.0-7.0, alkaline conditions were unfavorable for phosphate. The adsorption of phosphate was not significantly influenced by ionic strength and by coexisting anions of chloride, nitrate and sulfate but bicarbonate showed slightly greater negative effects, indicating La-Z possessed highly selectivity to phosphate. Adsorption of phosphate could be well fitted by pseudo-second-order model and the process was mainly controlled by intra-particle diffusion. Equilibrium adsorption demonstrated that Langmuir model was more suitable than Freundlich model for description phosphate adsorption and the adsorption capacity was 17.2 mg P g-1, which exhibited 95% utilization of incorporated La. Over 95% phosphate was eliminated in real effluent treatment when the dose was 2 g L-1. The underlying mechanism for phosphate capture was probed with Zeta potential and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope analysis, and the formation of La-P inner-sphere complexation was testified to be the dominant pathway. All the results suggested that the porous zeolite-supported lanthanum oxide can serve as a promising adsorbent for phosphate removal in realistic application.

An experimental investigation of Na incorporation in cordierite in low P/high T metapelites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tropper, Peter; Wyhlidal, Stefan; Haefeker, Udo A.; Mirwald, Peter W.

2018-04-01

The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the incorporation of Na in cordierite in metapelites as a function of temperature and pressure using natural quartzphyllite rocks as starting materials. The experiments were performed in a hydrothermal apparatus as well as a piston-cylinder apparatus with two natural quartzphyllite samples, which represent the protolith rocks of the hornfelses from the Brixen Granite contact aureole near Franzensfeste. Sample W shows high muscovite contents (57 wt%) and only accessory plagioclase while sample SP5 has high plagioclase (16 wt%) and lower muscovite contents (20 vol%). The experiments were done dry at pressures of 0.15, 0.3 and 0.6 GPa in a temperature range of 550 °C to 780 °C. The Na content of the newly formed cordierites shows a systematic variation and decreases linearly with increasing temperatures and no influence of pressure and melting on the Na contents of cordierite was observed. The experiments also show that the difference in mineral assemblage considerably shifts the obtained Na contents of cordierite. The P-independent temperature correlations for both sets of experiments can be described with the linear relationships: T (°C) = (Na [apfu] - 0.4052)/(-0.000487); R2 = 0.96; (±20 °C, calibration W) and T (°C) = (Na [apfu] - 0.3671)/(-0.000383); R2 = 0.94; (±15 °C, calibration SP5). The difference between the two temperatures is large and the SP5 experiments yield temperatures that are up to 100 °C higher. This is not unexpected since theoretical phase relations in the system NMASH predict different Na contents depending on the buffering assemblage (plagioclase vs. paragonite). On the other hand these T differences could also reflect disequilibrium behaviour in the SP5 experiments. Detailed micro-Raman spectroscopic investigations reveal that cordierites from both experiments show disordered structures but the SP5 experiments show a much higher degree of Si-Al disorder and the elevated Na

268. Photocopy of drawing (1981 piping drawing by StearnsRoger Incorporated) ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

268. Photocopy of drawing (1981 piping drawing by Stearns-Roger Incorporated) ATLAS H CONVERSION; PLANS, SECTIONS, AND DETAILS FOR THE LIQUID OXYGEN PIPING AND THRUST SECTION HEATER DUCT, SHEET 517-P2 - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Launch Pad 3 East, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

49 CFR 572.30 - Incorporated materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Incorporated materials. 572.30 Section 572.30....30 Incorporated materials. (a) The drawings and specifications referred to in this regulation that... Federal Register has approved the materials incorporated by reference. For materials subject to change...

49 CFR 572.30 - Incorporated materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Incorporated materials. 572.30 Section 572.30....30 Incorporated materials. (a) The drawings and specifications referred to in this regulation that... Federal Register has approved the materials incorporated by reference. For materials subject to change...

49 CFR 572.30 - Incorporated materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Incorporated materials. 572.30 Section 572.30....30 Incorporated materials. (a) The drawings and specifications referred to in this regulation that... Federal Register has approved the materials incorporated by reference. For materials subject to change...

49 CFR 572.30 - Incorporated materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Incorporated materials. 572.30 Section 572.30....30 Incorporated materials. (a) The drawings and specifications referred to in this regulation that... Federal Register has approved the materials incorporated by reference. For materials subject to change...

Molybdenum Incorporation in Tungsten Aldehyde Oxidoreductase Enzymes from Pyrococcus furiosus▿ †

PubMed Central

Sevcenco, Ana-Maria; Bevers, Loes E.; Pinkse, Martijn W. H.; Krijger, Gerard C.; Wolterbeek, Hubert T.; Verhaert, Peter D. E. M.; Hagen, Wilfred R.; Hagedoorn, Peter-Leon

2010-01-01

The hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus expresses five aldehyde oxidoreductase (AOR) enzymes, all containing a tungsto-bispterin cofactor. The growth of this organism is fully dependent on the presence of tungsten in the growth medium. Previous studies have suggested that molybdenum is not incorporated in the active site of these enzymes. Application of the radioisotope 99Mo in metal isotope native radioautography in gel electrophoresis (MIRAGE) technology to P. furiosus shows that molybdenum can in fact be incorporated in all five AOR enzymes. Mo(V) signals characteristic for molybdopterin were observed in formaldehyde oxidoreductase (FOR) in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)-monitored redox titrations. Our finding that the aldehyde oxidation activity of FOR and WOR5 (W-containing oxidoreductase 5) correlates only with the residual tungsten content suggests that the Mo-containing AORs are most likely inactive. An observed W/Mo antagonism is indicative of tungstate-dependent negative feedback of the expression of the tungstate/molybdate ABC transporter. An intracellular selection mechanism for tungstate and molybdate processing has to be present, since tungsten was found to be preferentially incorporated into the AORs even under conditions with comparable intracellular concentrations of tungstate and molybdate. Under the employed growth conditions of starch as the main carbon source in a rich medium, no tungsten- and/or molybdenum-associated proteins are detected in P. furiosus other than the high-affinity transporter, the proteins of the metallopterin insertion machinery, and the five W-AORs. PMID:20562313

Understanding arsenic incorporation in CdTe with atom probe tomography

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Burton, G. L.; Diercks, D. R.; Ogedengbe, O. S.

Overcoming the open circuit voltage deficiency in Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) photovoltaics may be achieved by increasing p-type doping while maintaining or increasing minority carrier lifetimes. Here, routes to higher doping efficiency using arsenic are explored through an atomic scale understanding of dopant incorporation limits and activation in molecular beam epitaxy grown CdTe layers. Atom probe tomography reveals spatial segregation into nanometer scale clusters containing > 60 at% As for samples with arsenic incorporation levels greater than 7-8 x 10^17 cm-3. The presence of arsenic clusters was accompanied by crystal quality degradation, particularly the introduction of arsenic-enriched extended defects. Post-growth annealingmore » treatments are shown to increase the size of the As precipitates and the amount of As within the precipitates.« less

Understanding arsenic incorporation in CdTe with atom probe tomography

DOE PAGES

Burton, G. L.; Diercks, D. R.; Ogedengbe, O. S.; ...

2018-03-22

Overcoming the open circuit voltage deficiency in Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) photovoltaics may be achieved by increasing p-type doping while maintaining or increasing minority carrier lifetimes. Here, routes to higher doping efficiency using arsenic are explored through an atomic scale understanding of dopant incorporation limits and activation in molecular beam epitaxy grown CdTe layers. Atom probe tomography reveals spatial segregation into nanometer scale clusters containing > 60 at% As for samples with arsenic incorporation levels greater than 7-8 x 10^17 cm-3. The presence of arsenic clusters was accompanied by crystal quality degradation, particularly the introduction of arsenic-enriched extended defects. Post-growth annealingmore » treatments are shown to increase the size of the As precipitates and the amount of As within the precipitates.« less

Numeral Incorporation in Japanese Sign Language

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ktejik, Mish

2013-01-01

This article explores the morphological process of numeral incorporation in Japanese Sign Language. Numeral incorporation is defined and the available research on numeral incorporation in signed language is discussed. The numeral signs in Japanese Sign Language are then introduced and followed by an explanation of the numeral morphemes which are…

49 CFR 572.40 - Incorporated materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Register has approved the materials incorporated by reference. For materials subject to change, only the... incorporated. A notice of any change will be published in the Federal Register. As a convenience to the reader... volume of the Code of Federal Regulations. (b) The materials incorporated in this part by reference are...

Synthesis and characterization of novel halloysite-incorporated adhesive resins.

PubMed

Feitosa, Sabrina A; Münchow, Eliseu A; Al-Zain, Afnan O; Kamocki, Krzysztof; Platt, Jeffrey A; Bottino, Marco C

2015-11-01

To investigate the effects of Halloysite® aluminosilicate clay nanotubes (HNTs) addition on selected physical, mechanical, and biological properties of experimental adhesive resins. Experimental dentin adhesive resins were prepared by mixing Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, HEMA (50/25/25wt.%), and photo-initiators. As-received HNTs were then incorporated into the resin mixture at distinct concentrations: 0 (HNT-free, control), 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, and 20wt.%. The degree of conversion (DC), radiopacity (RP), Knoop hardness (KHN), flexural strength (FS), and cytotoxicity analyses were carried out for each adhesive formulation. The adhesive resin of Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SBMP) was used as the commercially available reference for both the RP and cytotoxicity tests. Data were statistically analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p≤0.05). All adhesives exhibited similar DC (p=0.1931). The RP of adhesives was improved with the addition of up to 5wt.% of HNTs (p<0.001). Adhesives containing 5-10wt.% of HNTs led to greater KHN when compared to the control (p<0.001). The FS was reduced only when 20wt.% of HNTs was added (p≤0.001). None of the prepared adhesives was cytotoxic. The incorporation of up to 10wt.% of HNTs into the adhesive resins did not jeopardize the tested physical and biological properties. When using HNTs as carriers of drugs/bioactive compounds, the amount of the former added into adhesive resin materials should not exceed 10wt.%; otherwise, a significant reduction in physicomechanical properties may be expected. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

49 CFR 572.80 - Incorporated materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Incorporated materials. 572.80 Section 572.80... Incorporated materials. The drawings and specifications referred to in § 572.81(a) that are not set forth in full are hereby incorporated in this part by reference. These materials are thereby made part of this...

49 CFR 572.80 - Incorporated materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Incorporated materials. 572.80 Section 572.80... Incorporated materials. The drawings and specifications referred to in § 572.81(a) that are not set forth in full are hereby incorporated in this part by reference. These materials are thereby made part of this...

49 CFR 572.80 - Incorporated materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Incorporated materials. 572.80 Section 572.80... Incorporated materials. The drawings and specifications referred to in § 572.81(a) that are not set forth in full are hereby incorporated in this part by reference. These materials are thereby made part of this...

Antibacterial effect of composite resin foundation material incorporating quaternary ammonium polyethyleneimine nanoparticles.

PubMed

Pietrokovski, Yoav; Nisimov, Ilana; Kesler-Shvero, Dana; Zaltsman, Natan; Beyth, Nurit

2016-10-01

As caries is the most frequent cause of the failure of composite resin-based restorations, composite resins with antibacterial properties are desirable. However, whether quaternary ammonium polyethyleneimine nanoparticles can be effectively incorporated is unknown. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces viscosus of a foundation material incorporating quaternary ammonium polyethyleneimine (QPEI) nanoparticles. QPEI antimicrobial nanoparticles were incorporated in a commercially available foundation material (Q Core; BJM Laboratories Ltd) at 1% wt/wt. Antibacterial efficacy against S mutans (10 6 colony-forming units [CFU]/mL) and A viscosus (10 6 CFU/mL) was examined by the direct contact test (DCT), and the agar diffusion test (ADT) with and without surface polishing. Bacterial outgrowth was recorded with a spectrophotometer. Growth of S mutans and A viscosus was inhibited, showing a decrease by 6 orders of magnitude in bacterial viability in specimens incorporating the nanoparticles, even after polishing the foundation material (P<.05). Growth inhibition was not observed in specimens without nanoparticles. Antibacterial properties can be achieved in a commercially available foundation material by incorporating polycationic antibacterial nanoparticles. This antibacterial effect did not diminish after surface polishing. Copyright © 2016 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Epitope Capsid-Incorporation: New Effective Approach for Vaccine Development for Chagas Disease

PubMed Central

Matthews, Qiana L.; Farrow, Anitra L.; Rachakonda, Girish; Gu, Linlin; Nde, Pius; Krendelchtchikov, Alexandre; Pratap, Siddharth; Sakhare, Shruti S.; Sabbaj, Steffanie; Lima, Maria F.; Villalta, Fernando

2016-01-01

Background Previously we reported that a hexon-modified adenovirus (Ad) vector containing the invasive neutralizing epitope of Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) trypomastigote gp83 (Ad5-gp83) provided immunoprotection against T. cruzi infection. The purpose of this work was to design an improved vaccine for T. cruzi using a novel epitope capsid incorporation strategy. Thus, we evaluated the immunoprotection raised by co-immunization with Ad5-gp83 and an Ad vector containing an epitope (ASP-M) of the T. cruzi amastigote surface protein 2. Methods Protein IX (pIX)-modified Ad vector (Ad5-pIX-ASP-M) was generated, characterized, and validated. C3H/He mice were immunized with Ad5-pIX-ASP-M and Ad5-gp83 and the cell-mediated responses were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay and intracellular staining. Immunized mice were challenged with T. cruzi to evaluate the vaccine efficacy. Results Our findings indicate that Ad5-pIX-ASP-M was viable. Specific CD8+ T-cell mediated responses prior to the challenge show an increase in IFNγ and TNFα production. A single immunization with Ad5-pIX-ASP-M provided protection from T. cruzi infection, but co-immunizations with Ad5-pIX-ASP-M and Ad5-gp83 provided a higher immunoprotection and increased survival rate of mice. Conclusions Overall, these results suggest that the combination of gp83 and ASP-M specific epitopes onto the capsid-incorporated adenoviruses would provide superior protection against Chagas disease as compared with Ad5-gp83 alone. PMID:27709126

Boron incorporation in the foraminifer Amphistegina lessonii under a decoupled carbonate chemistry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaczmarek, K.; Langer, G.; Nehrke, G.; Horn, I.; Misra, S.; Janse, M.; Bijma, J.

2014-12-01

A number of studies have shown that the boron isotopic composition (δ11B) and the B/Ca ratio of biogenic carbonates (mostly foraminifers) can serve as proxies for two parameters of the ocean's carbonate chemistry, rendering it possible to calculate the entire carbonate system. However, the B incorporation mechanism into marine carbonates is still not fully understood and analyses of field samples show species specific and hydrographic effects on the B proxies complicating their application. Identifying the carbonate system parameter influencing boron incorporation is difficult due to the co-variation of pH, CO32-, and B(OH)4-. To shed light on the question which parameter of the carbonate system is related to the boron incorporation, we performed culture experiments with the benthic symbiont-bearing foraminifer Amphistegina lessonii using a decoupled pH-CO32- chemistry. The determination of the boron isotopic composition and B/Ca ratios was performed simultaneously by means of a new in situ technique combining optical emission spectroscopy and laser ablation MC-ICP-MS. The boron isotopic composition in the tests gets heavier with increasing pH and B/Ca increases with increasing BOH4-/HCO3- of the culture media. The latter indicates that boron uptake of A. lessonii features a competition between B(OH)4- and HCO3-. Furthermore, the simultaneous determination of B/Ca and δ11B on single specimens allows for assessing the relative variability of these parameters. Among different treatments the B/Ca shows an increasing variability with increasing boron concentration in the test whereas the variability in the isotope distribution is constant.

Boron incorporation in the foraminifer Amphistegina lessonii under a decoupled carbonate chemistry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaczmarek, K.; Langer, G.; Nehrke, G.; Horn, I.; Misra, S.; Janse, M.; Bijma, J.

2015-03-01

A number of studies have shown that the boron isotopic composition (δ11B) and the B / Ca ratio of biogenic carbonates (mostly foraminifers) can serve as proxies for two parameters of the ocean's carbonate chemistry, rendering it possible to calculate the entire carbonate system. However, the B incorporation mechanism into marine carbonates is still not fully understood and analyses of field samples show species-specific and hydrographic effects on the B proxies complicating their application. Identifying the carbonate system parameter influencing boron incorporation is difficult due to the co-variation of pH, CO32- and B(OH)4-. To shed light on the question which parameter of the carbonate system is related to the boron incorporation, we performed culture experiments with the benthic symbiont-bearing foraminifer Amphistegina lessonii using a decoupled pH-CO32- chemistry. The determination of the δ11B and B / Ca ratios was performed simultaneously by means of a new in situ technique combining optical emission spectroscopy and laser ablation MC-ICP-MS. The boron isotopic composition in the tests gets heavier with increasing pH and B / Ca increases with increasing B(OH)4- / HCO3- of the culture media. The latter indicates that boron uptake of A. lessonii features a competition between B(OH)4- and HCO3-. Furthermore, the simultaneous determination of B / Ca and δ11B on single specimens allows for assessing the relative variability of these parameters. Among different treatments the B / Ca shows an increasing variability with increasing boron concentration in the test whereas the variability in the isotope distribution is constant.

System-based strategies for p53 recovery.

PubMed

Azam, Muhammad Rizwan; Fazal, Sahar; Ullah, Mukhtar; Bhatti, Aamer I

2018-06-01

The authors have proposed a systems theory-based novel drug design approach for the p53 pathway. The pathway is taken as a dynamic system represented by ordinary differential equations-based mathematical model. Using control engineering practices, the system analysis and subsequent controller design is performed for the re-activation of wild-type p53. p53 revival is discussed for both modes of operation, i.e. the sustained and oscillatory. To define the problem in control system paradigm, modification in the existing mathematical model is performed to incorporate the effect of Nutlin. Attractor point analysis is carried out to select the suitable domain of attraction. A two-loop negative feedback control strategy is devised to drag the system trajectories to the attractor point and to regulate cellular concentration of Nutlin, respectively. An integrated framework is constituted to incorporate the pharmacokinetic effects of Nutlin in the cancerous cells. Bifurcation analysis is also performed on the p53 model to see the conditions for p53 oscillation.

Incorporation of impurity to a tetragonal lysozyme crystal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kurihara, Kazuo; Miyashita, Satoru; Sazaki, Gen; Nakada, Toshitaka; Durbin, Stephen D.; Komatsu, Hiroshi; Ohba, Tetsuhiko; Ohki, Kazuo

1999-01-01

Concentration of a phosphor-labeled impurity (ovalbumin) incorporated into protein (hen egg white lysozyme) crystals during growth was measured by fluorescence.This technique enabled us to measure the local impurity concentration in a crystal quantitatively. Impurity concentration increased with growth rate, which could not be explained by two conventional models (equilibrium adsorption model and Burton-Prim-Slichter model); a modified model is proposed. Impurity concentration also increased with the pH of the solution. This result is discussed considering the electrostatic interaction between the impurity and the crystallizing species.

Antifungal effectiveness of potassium sorbate incorporated in edible coatings against spoilage molds of apples, cucumbers, and tomatoes during refrigerated storage.

PubMed

Mehyar, Ghadeer F; Al-Qadiri, Hamzah M; Abu-Blan, Hifzi A; Swanson, Barry G

2011-04-01

Predominant spoilage molds of fresh apples, cucumbers, and tomatoes stored at 4 °C were isolated and examined for resistance to potassium sorbate (PS) incorporated in polysaccharide edible coatings. The isolated molds were Penicillium expansum, Cladosporium herbarum, and Aspergillus niger from apples. P. oxalicum and C. cucumerinum were isolated from cucumbers and P. expansium and C. fulvum from tomatoes. Guar gum edible coating incorporated with PS was the most effective mold inhibitor, significantly (P<0.05) reducing the isolated spoilage molds for 20, 15, and 20 d of storage at 4 °C on apples, cucumbers, and tomatoes, respectively. PS incorporated into pea starch edible coating was less effective and selectively inhibited the isolated mold species, causing significant (P<0.05) reduction in mold on apples, cucumbers, and tomatoes counts for 20, 10 to 15, and 15 to 20 d of storage at 4 °C, respectively. The isolated mold species exhibited different resistances to PS incorporated in the edible coatings. The greatest inhibition (2.9 log CFU/g) was obtained with C. herbarum on apples and the smallest (1.1 log CFU/g) was with P. oxalicum on cucumbers and the other isolated mold species exhibited intermediate resistance. The coatings tested, in general, inhibited molds more effectively on apples than on tomatoes and cucumbers. Addition of PS to pea starch and guar gum, edible coatings improved the antifungal activity of PS against isolated spoilage molds on apples, cucumbers, and tomatoes. PS inhibition was most effective against C. herbarum on apples and least effective against P. oxalicum on cucumbers.

The de novo engineering of pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase for genetic incorporation of L-phenylalanine and its derivatives.

PubMed

Wang, Yane-Shih; Russell, William K; Wang, Zhiyong; Wan, Wei; Dodd, Lindsey E; Pai, Pei-Jing; Russell, David H; Liu, Wenshe R

2011-03-01

Using evolved pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase-tRNA(CUA)(Pyl) pairs, L-phenylalanine, p-iodo-L-phenylalanine and p-bromo-L-phenylalanine have been genetically incorporated into proteins at amber mutation sites in E. coli.

Lipid structure does not modify incorporation of EPA and DHA into blood lipids in healthy adults: a randomised-controlled trial.

PubMed

West, Annette L; Burdge, Graham C; Calder, Philip C

2016-09-01

Dietary supplementation is an effective means to improve EPA and DHA status. However, it is unclear whether lipid structure affects EPA+DHA bioavailability. We determined the effect of consuming different EPA and DHA lipid structures on their concentrations in blood during the postprandial period and during dietary supplementation compared with unmodified fish oil TAG (uTAG). In a postprandial cross-over study, healthy men (n 9) consumed in random order test meals containing 1·1 g EPA+0·37 g DHA as either uTAG, re-esterified TAG, free fatty acids (FFA) or ethyl esters (EE). In a parallel design supplementation study, healthy men and women (n 10/sex per supplement) consumed one supplement type for 12 weeks. Fatty acid composition was determined by GC. EPA incorporation over 6 h into TAG or phosphatidylcholine (PC) did not differ between lipid structures. EPA enrichment in NEFA was lower from EE than from uTAG (P=0·01). Plasma TAG, PC or NEFA DHA incorporation did not differ between lipid structures. Lipid structure did not affect TAG or NEFA EPA incorporation and PC or NEFA DHA incorporation following dietary supplementation. Plasma TAG peak DHA incorporation was greater (P=0·02) and time to peak shorter (P=0·02) from FFA than from uTAG in men. In both studies, the order of EPA and DHA incorporation was PC>TAG>NEFA. In conclusion, EPA and DHA lipid structure may not be an important consideration in dietary interventions.

Incorporation of p-coumarates into the cell walls of alfalfa changes the lignin composition

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

In general, monocots can contain a significant amount of an ester-linked p-coumarate (pCA) in their cell walls, but its function is unclear. One hypothesis is that pCA aids in the formation of syringyl-rich regions during lignification. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa), a dicot, is a cultivated perennial f...

Incorporation and the Farm Family.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Salamon, Sonya; Markan, Kathleen K.

1984-01-01

Studied Illinois farm households (N=13), some already incorporated from five to ten years, regarding ethnic values and intergenerational land transfers. Concluded that farm families need to question whether the tax savings involved with incorporation are worth the potential complications such as estate settlement, marital satisfaction, migration,…

Incorporation of organometallic Ru complexes into apo-ferritin cage.

PubMed

Takezawa, Yusuke; Böckmann, Philipp; Sugi, Naoki; Wang, Ziyue; Abe, Satoshi; Murakami, Tatsuya; Hikage, Tatsuo; Erker, Gerhard; Watanabe, Yoshihito; Kitagawa, Susumu; Ueno, Takafumi

2011-03-14

Spherical protein cages such as an iron storage protein, ferritin, have great potential as nanometer-scale capsules to assemble and store metal ions and complexes. We report herein the synthesis of a composite of an apo-ferritin cage and Ru(p-cymene) complexes. Ru complexes were efficiently incorporated into the ferritin cavity without degradation of its cage structure. X-Ray crystallography revealed that the Ru complexes were immobilized on the interior surface of the cage mainly by the coordination of histidine residues.

In vitro efficacy of a gene-activated nerve guidance conduit incorporating non-viral PEI-pDNA nanoparticles carrying genes encoding for NGF, GDNF and c-Jun.

PubMed

Lackington, William A; Raftery, Rosanne M; O'Brien, Fergal J

2018-06-07

Despite the success of tissue engineered nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) for the treatment of small peripheral nerve injuries, autografts remain the clinical gold standard for larger injuries. The delivery of neurotrophic factors from conduits might enhance repair for more effective treatment of larger injuries but the efficacy of such systems is dependent on a safe, effective platform for controlled and localised therapeutic delivery. Gene therapy might offer an innovative approach to control the timing, release and level of neurotrophic factor production by directing cells to transiently sustain therapeutic protein production in situ. In this study, a gene-activated NGC was developed by incorporating non-viral polyethyleneimine-plasmid DNA (PEI-pDNA) nanoparticles (N/P 7 ratio, 2μg dose) with the pDNA encoding for nerve growth factor (NGF), glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or the transcription factor c-Jun. The physicochemical properties of PEI-pDNA nanoparticles, morphology, size and charge, were shown to be suitable for gene delivery and demonstrated high Schwann cell transfection efficiency (60±13%) in vitro. While all three genes showed therapeutic potential in terms of enhancing neurotrophic cytokine production while promoting neurite outgrowth, delivery of the gene encoding for c-Jun showed the greatest capacity to enhance regenerative cellular processes in vitro. Ultimately, this gene-activated NGC construct was shown to be capable of transfecting both Schwann cells (S42 cells) and neuronal cells (PC12 and dorsal root ganglia) in vitro, demonstrating potential for future therapeutic applications in vivo. The basic requirements of biomaterial-based nerve guidance conduits have now been well established and include being able to bridge a nerve injury to support macroscopic guidance between nerve stumps, while being strong enough to withstand longitudinal tension and circumferential compression, in addition to being mechanically sound to facilitate

46 CFR 109.105 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 109.105 Section 109.105 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS OPERATIONS General § 109.105 Incorporation by reference. (a) Certain material is incorporated by reference...

46 CFR 109.105 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 109.105 Section 109.105 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS OPERATIONS General § 109.105 Incorporation by reference. (a) Certain material is incorporated by reference...

46 CFR 109.105 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 109.105 Section 109.105 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS OPERATIONS General § 109.105 Incorporation by reference. (a) Certain material is incorporated by reference...

46 CFR 109.105 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 109.105 Section 109.105 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS OPERATIONS General § 109.105 Incorporation by reference. (a) Certain material is incorporated by reference...

46 CFR 109.105 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 109.105 Section 109.105 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS OPERATIONS General § 109.105 Incorporation by reference. (a) Certain material is incorporated by reference...

Fe-Mn binary oxide incorporated into diatomite as an adsorbent for arsenite removal: preparation and evaluation.

PubMed

Chang, Fangfang; Qu, Jiuhui; Liu, Huijuan; Liu, Ruiping; Zhao, Xu

2009-10-15

Fe-Mn binary oxide incorporated into diatomite (FMBO-diatomite) was prepared by a simple coating method, and exhibited high oxidation and adsorption ability for arsenite [As(III)]. After being incorporated by Fe-Mn binary oxide, the surface area of diatomite increased 36%, and the pore volume increased five times. The pHzpc of FMBO-diatomite was determined to be 8.1. These characteristics are responsible for the increased As(III) adsorption efficiency. The adsorption equilibria of As(III) on FMBO-diatomite were described well by a Langmuir isotherm model due to the homogeneous distribution of Fe-Mn binary oxide on a diatomite surface. As(III) was oxidized into As(V), and then adsorbed by FMBO-diatomite. The oxidation and adsorption efficiencies for As(III) depended deeply on the pH of solution. When the pH was raised to 8.1, the As(III) adsorption efficiency of FMBO-diatomite was almost equal to the As(III) oxidation efficiency. Silicate and phosphate had negative effects on As(III) adsorption. Also the influence of silicate and phosphate with the pH variation was different.

Rational Design of Novel 1,3-Oxazine Based β-Secretase (BACE1) Inhibitors: Incorporation of a Double Bond To Reduce P-gp Efflux Leading to Robust Aβ Reduction in the Brain.

PubMed

Fuchino, Kouki; Mitsuoka, Yasunori; Masui, Moriyasu; Kurose, Noriyuki; Yoshida, Shuhei; Komano, Kazuo; Yamamoto, Takahiko; Ogawa, Masayoshi; Unemura, Chie; Hosono, Motoko; Ito, Hisanori; Sakaguchi, Gaku; Ando, Shigeru; Ohnishi, Shuichi; Kido, Yasuto; Fukushima, Tamio; Miyajima, Hirofumi; Hiroyama, Shuichi; Koyabu, Kiyotaka; Dhuyvetter, Deborah; Borghys, Herman; Gijsen, Harrie J M; Yamano, Yoshinori; Iso, Yasuyoshi; Kusakabe, Ken-Ichi

2018-05-23

Accumulation of Aβ peptides is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is considered a causal factor in the pathogenesis of AD. β-Secretase (BACE1) is a key enzyme responsible for producing Aβ peptides, and thus agents that inhibit BACE1 should be beneficial for disease-modifying treatment of AD. Here we describe the discovery and optimization of novel oxazine-based BACE1 inhibitors by lowering amidine basicity with the incorporation of a double bond to improve brain penetration. Starting from a 1,3-dihydrooxazine lead 6 identified by a hit-to-lead SAR following HTS, we adopted a p K a lowering strategy to reduce the P-gp efflux and the high hERG potential leading to the discovery of 15 that produced significant Aβ reduction with long duration in pharmacodynamic models and exhibited wide safety margins in cardiovascular safety models. This compound improved the brain-to-plasma ratio relative to 6 by reducing P-gp recognition, which was demonstrated by a P-gp knockout mouse model.

Photochemical tuning of ultrathin TiO2/ p-Si p-n junction properties via UV-induced H doping

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Sang Yeon; Kim, Jinseo; Ahn, Byungmin; Cho, In Sun; Yu, Hak Ki; Seo, Hyungtak

2017-03-01

We report a modified TiO2/ p-Si electronic structure that uses ultraviolet exposure for the incorporation of H. This structure was characterized using various photoelectron spectroscopic techniques. The ultraviolet (UV) exposure of the TiO2 surface allowed the Fermi energy level to be tuned by the insertion of H radicals, which induced changes in the heterojunction TiO2/ p-Si diode properties. The UV exposure of the TiO2 surface was performed in air. On UVexposure, a photochemical reaction involving the incorporation of UV-induced H radicals led to the creation of a surface Ti-O-OH group and caused interstitial H doping (Ti-H-O) in the bulk, which modified the electronic structures in different ways, depending on the location of the H. On the basis of the band alignment determined using a combined spectroscopic analysis, it is suggested that the UV-induced H incorporation into the TiO2 could be utilized for the systematic tuning of the heterojunction property for solar cells, photocatalytic applications, and capacitors.

40 CFR 63.1502 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 12 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Incorporation by reference. 63.1502... reference. (a) The following material is incorporated by reference in the corresponding sections noted. The incorporation by reference (IBR) of certain publications listed in the rule will be approved by the Director of...

Indocyanine green-incorporating nanoparticles for cancer theranostics

PubMed Central

Wang, Haolu; Li, Xinxing; Tse, Brian Wan-Chi; Yang, Haotian; Thorling, Camilla A.; Liu, Yuxin; Touraud, Margaux; Chouane, Jean Batiste; Liu, Xin; Roberts, Michael S.; Liang, Xiaowen

2018-01-01

Indocyanine green (ICG) is a near-infrared dye that has been used in the clinic for retinal angiography, and defining cardiovascular and liver function for over 50 years. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in the incorporation of ICG into nanoparticles (NPs) for cancer theranostic applications. Various types of ICG-incorporated NPs have been developed and strategically functionalised to embrace multiple imaging and therapeutic techniques for cancer diagnosis and treatment. This review systematically summaries the biodistribution of various types of ICG-incorporated NPs for the first time, and discusses the principles, opportunities, limitations, and application of ICG-incorporated NPs for cancer theranostics. We believe that ICG-incorporated NPs would be a promising multifunctional theranostic platform in oncology and facilitate significant advancements in this research-active area. PMID:29507616

Cell proliferation by silk gut incorporating FGF-2 protein microcrystals.

PubMed

Kotani, Eiji; Yamamoto, Naoto; Kobayashi, Isao; Uchino, Keiro; Muto, Sayaka; Ijiri, Hiroshi; Shimabukuro, Junji; Tamura, Toshiki; Sezutsu, Hideki; Mori, Hajime

2015-06-08

Silk gut processed from the silk glands of the silkworm could be an ideal biodegradable carrier for cell growth factors. We previously demonstrated that polyhedra, microcrystals of Cypovirus 1 polyhedrin, can serve as versatile carrier proteins. Here, we report the generation of a transgenic silkworm that expresses polyhedrin together with human basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) in its posterior silk glands to utilize silk gut as a proteinaceous carrier to protect and slowly release active cell growth factors. In the posterior silk glands, polyhedrin formed polyhedral microcrystals, and FGF-2 became encapsulated within the polyhedra due to a polyhedron-immobilization signal. Silk gut powder prepared from posterior silk glands containing polyhedron-encapsulated FGF-2 stimulated the phosphorylation of p44/p42 MAP kinase and induced the proliferation of serum-starved NIH3T3 cells by releasing bioactive FGF-2. Even after a one-week incubation at 25 °C, significantly higher biological activity of FGF-2 was observed for silk gut powder incorporating polyhedron-encapsulated FGF-2 relative to silk gut powder with non-encapsulated FGF-2. Our results demonstrate that posterior silk glands incorporating polyhedron-encapsulated FGF-2 are applicable to the preparation of biodegradable silk gut, which can protect and release FGF-2 that is produced in a virus- and serum-free expression system with significant application potential.

Incorporating Sociology into Community Service Classes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hochschild, Thomas R., Jr.; Farley, Matthew; Chee, Vanessa

2014-01-01

Sociologists and instructors who teach about community service share an affinity for understanding and addressing social problems. While many studies have demonstrated the benefits of incorporating community service into sociology courses, we examine the benefits of incorporating sociological content into community service classes. The authors…

Temporal succession in carbon incorporation from macromolecules by particle-attached bacteria in marine microcosms: Particle-attached bacteria incorporating organic carbon

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mayali, Xavier; Stewart, Benjamin; Mabery, Shalini

Here, we investigated bacterial carbon assimilation from stable isotope-labelled macromolecular substrates (proteins; lipids; and two types of polysaccharides, starch and cellobiose) while attached to killed diatom detrital particles during laboratory microcosms incubated for 17 days. Using Chip-SIP (secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis of RNA microarrays), we identified generalist operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from the Gammaproteobacteria, belonging to the genera Colwellia, Glaciecola, Pseudoalteromonas and Rheinheimera, and from the Bacteroidetes, genera Owenweeksia and Maribacter, that incorporated the four tested substrates throughout the incubation period. Many of these OTUs exhibited the highest isotope incorporation relative to the others, indicating that they were likelymore » the most active. Additional OTUs from the Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Alphaproteobacteria exhibited generally (but not always) lower activity and did not incorporate all tested substrates at all times, showing species succession in organic carbon incorporation. We also found evidence to suggest that both generalist and specialist OTUs changed their relative substrate incorporation over time, presumably in response to changing substrate availability as the particles aged. This pattern was demonstrated by temporal succession from relatively higher starch incorporation early in the incubations, eventually switching to higher cellobiose incorporation after 2 weeks.« less

Incorporation of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate into a glass-ionomer cement.

PubMed

Mazzaoui, S A; Burrow, M F; Tyas, M J; Dashper, S G; Eakins, D; Reynolds, E C

2003-11-01

Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) nanocomplexes have been shown to prevent demineralization and promote remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions in animal and in situ caries models. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of incorporating CPP-ACP into a self-cured glass-ionomer cement (GIC). Incorporation of 1.56% w/w CPP-ACP into the GIC significantly increased microtensile bond strength (33%) and compressive strength (23%) and significantly enhanced the release of calcium, phosphate, and fluoride ions at neutral and acidic pH. MALDI mass spectrometry also showed casein phosphopeptides from the CPP-ACP nanocomplexes to be released. The release of CPP-ACP and fluoride from the CPP-ACP-containing GIC was associated with enhanced protection of the adjacent dentin during acid challenge in vitro.

Particle Filtering Methods for Incorporating Intelligence Updates

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-03-01

methodology for incorporating intelligence updates into a stochastic model for target tracking. Due to the non -parametric assumptions of the PF...samples are taken with replacement from the remaining non -zero weighted particles at each iteration. With this methodology , a zero-weighted particle is...incorporation of information updates. A common method for incorporating information updates is Kalman filtering. However, given the probable nonlinear and non

49 CFR 572.40 - Incorporated materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Incorporated materials. 572.40 Section 572.40... Percentile Male § 572.40 Incorporated materials. (a) The drawings, specifications, manual, and computer... by reference. These materials are thereby made part of this regulation. The Director of the Federal...

Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids and phospholipids on ( sup 3 H)-vitamin E incorporation into pulmonary artery endothelial cell membranes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sekharam, K.M.; Patel, J.M.; Block, E.R.

1990-12-01

Vitamin E, a dietary antioxidant, is presumed to be incorporated into the lipid bilayer of biological membranes to an extent proportional to the amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids or phospholipids in the membrane. In the present study we evaluated the distribution of incorporated polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in various membranes of pulmonary artery endothelial cells. We also studied whether incorporation of PUFA or PE is responsible for increased incorporation of (3H)-vitamin E into the membranes of these cells. Following a 24-hr incubation with linoleic acid (18:2), 18:2 was increased by 6.9-, 9.2-, and 13.2-fold in plasma, mitochondrial,more » and microsomal membranes, respectively. Incorporation of 18:2 caused significant increases in the unsaturation indexes of mitochondrial and microsomal polyunsaturated fatty acyl chains (P less than .01 versus control in both membranes). Incubation with arachidonic acid (20:4) for 24 hr resulted in 1.5-, 2.3-, and 2.4-fold increases in 20:4 in plasma, mitochondrial, and microsomal membranes, respectively. The unsaturation indexes of polyunsaturated fatty acyl chains of mitochondrial and microsomal membranes also increased (P less than .01 versus control in both membranes). Although incubations with 18:2 or 20:4 resulted in several-fold increases in membrane 18:2 or 20:4 fatty acids, incorporation of (3H)-vitamin E into these membranes was similar to that in controls. Following a 24-hr incubation with PE, membrane PE content was significantly increased, and (3H)-vitamin E incorporation was also increased to a comparable degree, i.e., plasma membrane greater than mitochondria greater than microsomes. Endogenous vitamin E content of the cells was not altered because of increased incorporation of PE and (3H)-vitamin E.« less

Polyelectrolyte-assisted preparation of gold nanocluster-doped silica particles with high incorporation efficiency and improved stability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Haonan; Huang, Zhenzhen; Guo, Zilong; Yang, Wensheng

2017-07-01

In this paper, we reported an approach for efficient incorporation of glutathione-capped gold nanoclusters (GSH-Au NCs) into silica particles with the assistance of a polyelectrolyte, poly-diallyldimethyl-ammoniumchloride (PDDA). In this approach, the negatively charged GSH-Au NCs were firstly mixed with the positively charged PDDA to form PDDA-Au NC complexes. Then, the complexes were added into a pre-hydrolyzed Stöber system to get the Au NCs-doped silica particles. With increased ratio of PDDA in the complexes, the negative charges on surface of the Au NCs were neutralized gradually and finally reversed to positive in presence of excess PDDA, which facilitated the incorporation of the Au NCs into the negatively charged silica matrix. Under the optimal amount of PDDA in the complexes, the incorporation efficiency of Au NCs could be as high as 88%. After being incorporated into the silica matrix, the Au NCs become much robust against pH and heavy metal ions attributed to the protection effect of silica and PDDA. This approach was also extendable to highly efficient incorporation of other negatively charged metal nanoclusters, such as bovine serum albumin-capped Cu nanoclusters, into silica matrix.

Preparation and Characterization of Lanthanum-Incorporated Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Titanium Substrates

PubMed Central

Lou, Weiwei; Dong, Yiwen; Zhang, Hualin; Jin, Yifan; Hu, Xiaohui; Ma, Jianfeng; Liu, Jinsong; Wu, Gang

2015-01-01

Titanium (Ti) has been widely used in clinical applications for its excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties. However, the bioinertness of the surface of Ti has motivated researchers to improve the physicochemical and biological properties of the implants through various surface modifications, such as coatings. For this purpose, we prepared a novel bioactive material, a lanthanum-incorporated hydroxyapatite (La-HA) coating, using a dip-coating technique with a La-HA sol along with post-heat treatment. The XRD, FTIR and EDX results presented in this paper confirmed that lanthanum was successfully incorporated into the structure of HA. The La-HA coating was composed of rod-like particles which densely compacted together without microcracks. The results of the interfacial shear strength test indicated that the incorporation of lanthanum increased the bonding strength of the HA coating. The mass loss ratios under acidic conditions (pH = 5.5) suggested that the La-HA coatings have better acid resistance. The cytocompatibility of the La-HA coating was also revealed by the relative activity of alkaline phosphatase, cellular morphology and cell proliferation assay in vitro. The present study suggested that La-HA coated on Ti has promising potential for applications in the development of a new type of bioactive coating for metal implants. PMID:26404255

Incorporation of deoxyribonucleotides and ribonucleotides by a dNTP-binding cleft mutated reverse transcriptase in hepatitis B virus core particles

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kim, Hee-Young; Kim, Hye-Young; Jung, Jaesung

2008-01-05

Our recent observation that hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA polymerase (P) might initiate minus-strand DNA synthesis without primer [Kim et al., (2004) Virology 322, 22-30], raised a possibility that HBV P protein may have the potential to function as an RNA polymerase. Thus, we mutated Phe 436, a bulky amino acid with aromatic side chain, at the putative dNTP-binding cleft in reverse transcriptase (RT) domain of P protein to smaller amino acids (Gly or Val), and examined RNA polymerase activity. HBV core particles containing RT dNTP-binding cleft mutant P protein were able to incorporate {sup 32}P-ribonucleotides, but not HBV coremore » particles containing wild type (wt), priming-deficient mutant, or RT-deficient mutant P proteins. Since all the experiments were conducted with core particles isolated from transfected cells, our results indicate that the HBV RT mutant core particles containing RT dNTP-binding cleft mutant P protein could incorporate both deoxyribonucleotides and ribonucleotides in replicating systems.« less

Biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) films incorporated with nisin: characterization and effectiveness against Listeria innocua.

PubMed

Bastarrachea, Luis; Dhawan, Sumeet; Sablani, Shyam S; Mah, Jae-Hyung; Kang, Dong-Hyun; Zhang, Jinwen; Tang, Juming

2010-05-01

Biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) films incorporated with nisin were prepared with concentrations of 0, 1000, 3000, and 5000 international units per cm(2) (IU/cm(2)). All the films with nisin inhibited Listeria innocua, and generated inhibition zones with diameters ranging from 14 to 17 mm. The water vapor permeability and oxygen permeability after the addition of nisin ranged from 3.05 to 3.61 x 10(11) g m m(-2) s(-1) Pa(-1) and from 4.80 x 10(7) to 11.26 x 10(7) mL.m.m(-2).d(-1).Pa(-1), respectively. The elongation at break (epsilon(b)) was not altered by the incorporation of nisin (P > 0.05). Significant effect was found for the elastic modulus (E) and the tensile strength (sigma(s)) (P < 0.05). The glass transition and melting temperatures with the presence of nisin ranged from -36.3 to -36.6 degrees C and from 122.5 to 124.2 degrees C, respectively. The thermal transition parameters such as the crystallization and melting enthalpies and crystallization temperature were influenced significantly (P < 0.05) by incorporation of nisin into films. The X-ray diffraction patterns exhibited decreasing levels of intensity (counts) as the concentration of nisin increased in a range of 2theta from 8 degrees to 35 degrees . Formation of holes and pores was observed from the environmental scanning electron microscopy images in the films containing nisin, suggesting interaction between PBAT and nisin.

78 FR 69737 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated; Notice of Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-20

... SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION [Release No. 34-70878; File No. SR-CBOE-2013-106] Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Board Options Exchange, Incorporated; Notice of Filing and Immediate... Position and Exercise Limits for Physically-Settled SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust (``SPY'') Options November 14...

49 CFR 385.4 - Matter incorporated by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Matter incorporated by reference. 385.4 Section 385.4 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL MOTOR CARRIER... FITNESS PROCEDURES General § 385.4 Matter incorporated by reference. (a) Incorporation by reference...

49 CFR 385.4 - Matter incorporated by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Matter incorporated by reference. 385.4 Section 385.4 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL MOTOR CARRIER... FITNESS PROCEDURES General § 385.4 Matter incorporated by reference. (a) Incorporation by reference...

49 CFR 587.5 - Incorporated materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... incorporated by reference. For materials subject to change, only the specific version approved by the Director of the Federal Register and specified in the regulation are incorporated. A notice of any change will... reference are listed in the Finding Aid Table found at the end of this volume of the Code of Federal...

Development of high performance electroless Ni-P-HNT composite coatings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ranganatha, S.; Venkatesha, T. V.; Vathsala, K.

2012-12-01

Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) of the dimension 50 nm × 1-3 μm (diameter × length) are utililized to fabricate the alloy composite by employing electroless/autocatalytic deposition technique. Electroless Ni-P-HNT binary alloy composite coatings are prepared successfully on low carbon steel. These nanotubes were made to get inserted/incorporated into nickel matrix and corresponding composites are examined for their electrochemical, mechanical and tribological performances and compared with that of plain Ni-P. The coatings were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) techniques to analyze surface nature and composition correspondingly. Small amount of incorporated HNTs made Ni-P deposits appreciable enhancement and betterment in corrosion resistance, hardness and friction resistance. This drastic improvement in the properties reflects the effect of addition of HNTs into Ni-P matrix leading to the development of high performance Ni-P-HNT composite coatings.

40 CFR 59.412 - Incorporations by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Organic Coatings at Room Temperature, incorporation by reference approved for § 59.401, Quick-dry enamel... Test Method for Chemical Resistance of Coatings Used in Light-Water Nuclear Power Plants, incorporation...

40 CFR 59.412 - Incorporations by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Organic Coatings at Room Temperature, incorporation by reference approved for § 59.401, Quick-dry enamel... Test Method for Chemical Resistance of Coatings Used in Light-Water Nuclear Power Plants, incorporation...

Hybrid Functional Study of Sodium and Potassium Incorporation in Cu2ZnSnS4

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tse, Kin Fai; Wong, Manhoi; Zhang, Yiou; Zhang, Jingzhao; Zhu, Junyi

The thermodynamics of Na and K incorporation and its effects in Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is studied using density functional theory with hybrid functional. The allowed chemical potential of Na/K in CZTS is established. Formation energy calculations shows that Na can be significantly incorporated as both substitutional defects and interstitial defects, and incorporation of K related defects are generally less favorable. Transition energy calculations is performed showing that both Na and K exhibit benign defect properties and act as a p-type dopant. The qualitative disagreement between GGA with rigid band edge shifting and HSE calculations, formation of defect complexes, and implications in experiment will also be discussed. The understandings on the defect properties of Na and K provides an essential knowledge to further understand the surfactant effects of Na and K observed in experiments. This work is supported by General Research Fund Ref. No: 14319416.

Radiation Induced Incorporation of CO in Pure and Aqueous Methanol

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jung, Hak-Jin; Getoff, Nikola; Lorbeer, Eberhard

1994-05-01

Pure and aqueous methanol were used for radiation induced incorporation of CO at elevated pressure (up to 15 bar). The initial yields (Gi) of the main products in pure methanol under 15 bar CO and 1 bar N2O were found to be: Gi(formaldehyde) = 3.80 and Gi(glycolic aldehyde) = 2.0. For aqueous (10-2 mol · dm-3) methanol under 15 bar CO (dose: 0.557 kGy, pH = 2): the yields were G(formaldehyde) = 5.44, G(glycolic aldehyde) = 4.0 and G(oxalic acid) = 7.7. At pH = 7 the yields were essentially lower, namely: G(formaldehyde) = 3.2, G(glycolic aldehyde) = 2.0, G(formate) = 3.8 and G(oxalate) = 5.0. Probable reaction-mechanisms for the product formation are discussed.

49 CFR 384.107 - Matter incorporated by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Matter incorporated by reference. 384.107 Section... COMPLIANCE WITH COMMERCIAL DRIVER'S LICENSE PROGRAM General § 384.107 Matter incorporated by reference. (a) Incorporation by reference. This part includes references to certain matter or materials. The text of the...

49 CFR 385.4 - Matter incorporated by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Matter incorporated by reference. 385.4 Section... FITNESS PROCEDURES General § 385.4 Matter incorporated by reference. (a) Incorporation by reference. Part 385 includes references to certain matter or materials, as listed in paragraph (b) of this section...

49 CFR 384.107 - Matter incorporated by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Matter incorporated by reference. 384.107 Section... COMPLIANCE WITH COMMERCIAL DRIVER'S LICENSE PROGRAM General § 384.107 Matter incorporated by reference. (a) Incorporation by reference. This part includes references to certain matter or materials. The text of the...

49 CFR 385.4 - Matter incorporated by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Matter incorporated by reference. 385.4 Section... FITNESS PROCEDURES General § 385.4 Matter incorporated by reference. (a) Incorporation by reference. Part 385 includes references to certain matter or materials, as listed in paragraph (b) of this section...

49 CFR 572.90 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... of the Federal Register approved that materials incorporated by reference in accordance with 5 U.S.C...://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (b) The incorporated...

Microbiological quality and other characteristics of refrigerated chicken meat in contact with cellulose acetate-based film incorporated with rosemary essential oil

PubMed Central

de Melo, Adriane Alexandre Machado; Geraldine, Robson Maia; Silveira, Miriam Fontes Araujo; Torres, Maria Célia Lopes; e Rezende, Cíntia Silva Minafra; Fernandes, Thiago Henrique; de Oliveira, Antonio Nonato

2012-01-01

Antimicrobial active packaging delays or inhibits microorganism growth in packed products, and it can be used in a variety of food systems. The objective of the present research was to develop packaging incorporated with natural antimicrobial agents (active film). The effects of the active film on the spoilage, pathogenic microorganism counts, pH and color of the refrigerated chicken breast cuts were analyzed. Cellulose acetate-based active films incorporating two concentrations (20% and 50%, v/w) of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) essential oil were manufactured and placed in contact with the chicken breast cuts for six days. An analysis of variance and mean comparison tests (Tukey’s test, p<0.05) were performed on the results. The films that contained 20% essential oil and were intercalated with chicken breast samples did not demonstrate significant effects on the control of psychrotrophic or total coliform microorganisms during the storage period; however, the films incorporated with 50% essential oil demonstrated efficacy toward the control of coliforms during the storage of the samples (6 days, 2 ± 2ºC). The pH was related to the psychrotrophic microorganism count and was not influenced by the treatment. The color was not influenced by the time of storage or the treatment. The results demonstrate that active films incorporating 50% rosemary essential oil are effective at controlling certain microorganisms in chicken breast cuts. PMID:24031972

The relationship between alcohol taxes and binge drinking: evaluating new tax measures incorporating multiple tax and beverage types.

PubMed

Xuan, Ziming; Chaloupka, Frank J; Blanchette, Jason G; Nguyen, Thien H; Heeren, Timothy C; Nelson, Toben F; Naimi, Timothy S

2015-03-01

U.S. studies contribute heavily to the literature about the tax elasticity of demand for alcohol, and most U.S. studies have relied upon specific excise (volume-based) taxes for beer as a proxy for alcohol taxes. The purpose of this paper was to compare this conventional alcohol tax measure with more comprehensive tax measures (incorporating multiple tax and beverage types) in analyses of the relationship between alcohol taxes and adult binge drinking prevalence in U.S. states. Data on U.S. state excise, ad valorem and sales taxes from 2001 to 2010 were obtained from the Alcohol Policy Information System and other sources. For 510 state-year strata, we developed a series of weighted tax-per-drink measures that incorporated various combinations of tax and beverage types, and related these measures to state-level adult binge drinking prevalence data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys. In analyses pooled across all years, models using the combined tax measure explained approximately 20% of state binge drinking prevalence, and documented more negative tax elasticity (-0.09, P = 0.02 versus -0.005, P = 0.63) and price elasticity (-1.40, P < 0.01 versus -0.76, P = 0.15) compared with models using only the volume-based tax. In analyses stratified by year, the R-squares for models using the beer combined tax measure were stable across the study period (P = 0.11), while the R-squares for models rely only on volume-based tax declined (P < 0.0). Compared with volume-based tax measures, combined tax measures (i.e. those incorporating volume-based tax and value-based taxes) yield substantial improvement in model fit and find more negative tax elasticity and price elasticity predicting adult binge drinking prevalence in U.S. states. © 2014 Society for the Study of Addiction.

The relationship between alcohol taxes and binge drinking: evaluating new tax measures incorporating multiple tax and beverage types

PubMed Central

Xuan, Ziming; Chaloupka, Frank J.; Blanchette, Jason G.; Nguyen, Thien H.; Heeren, Timothy C.; Nelson, Toben F.; Naimi, Timothy S.

2015-01-01

Aims U.S. studies contribute heavily to the literature about the tax elasticity of demand for alcohol, and most U.S. studies have relied upon specific excise (volume-based) taxes for beer as a proxy for alcohol taxes. The purpose of this paper was to compare this conventional alcohol tax measure with more comprehensive tax measures (incorporating multiple tax and beverage types) in analyses of the relationship between alcohol taxes and adult binge drinking prevalence in U.S. states. Design Data on U.S. state excise, ad valorem and sales taxes from 2001 to 2010 were obtained from the Alcohol Policy Information System and other sources. For 510 state-year strata, we developed a series of weighted tax-per-drink measures that incorporated various combinations of tax and beverage types, and related these measures to state-level adult binge drinking prevalence data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System surveys. Findings In analyses pooled across all years, models using the combined tax measure explained approximately 20% of state binge drinking prevalence, and documented more negative tax elasticity (−0.09, P=0.02 versus −0.005, P=0.63) and price elasticity (−1.40, P<0.01 versus −0.76, P=0.15) compared with models using only the volume-based tax. In analyses stratified by year, the R-squares for models using the beer combined tax measure were stable across the study period (P=0.11), while the R-squares for models rely only on volume-based tax declined (P<0.01). Conclusions Compared with volume-based tax measures, combined tax measures (i.e. those incorporating volume-based tax and value-based taxes) yield substantial improvement in model fit and find more negative tax elasticity and price elasticity predicting adult binge drinking prevalence in U.S. states. PMID:25428795

Simple intrinsic defects in GaP and InP

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schultz, Peter A.

2012-02-01

To faithfully simulate evolution of defect chemistry and electrical response in irradiated semiconductor devices requires accurate defect reaction energies and energy levels. In III-Vs, good data is scarce, theory hampered by band gap and supercell problems. I apply density functional theory (DFT) to intrinsic defects in GaP and InP, predicting stable charge states, ground state configurations, defect energy levels, and identifying mobile species. The SeqQuest calculations incorporate rigorous charge boundary conditions removing supercell artifacts, demonstrated converged to the infinite limit. Computed defect levels are not limited by a band gap problem, despite Kohn-Sham gaps much smaller than the experimental gap. As in GaAs, [P.A. Schultz and O.A. von Lilienfeld, Modeling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 17, 084007 (2009)], defects in GaP and InP exhibit great complexity---multitudes of charge states, bistabilities, and negative U systems---but show similarities to each other (and to GaAs). Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Company, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.

MOVPE growth studies of Ga(NAsP)/(BGa)(AsP) multi quantum well heterostructures (MQWH) for the monolithic integration of laser structures on (001) Si-substrates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ludewig, P.; Reinhard, S.; Jandieri, K.; Wegele, T.; Beyer, A.; Tapfer, L.; Volz, K.; Stolz, W.

2016-03-01

High-quality, pseudomorphically strained Ga(NAsP)/(BGa)(AsP)-multiple quantum well heterostructures (MQWH) have been deposited on exactly oriented (001) Si-substrate by metal organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE) in a wide temperature range between 525 °C and 700 °C. The individual atomic incorporation efficiencies, growth rates as well as nanoscale material properties have been clarified by applying detailed high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) studies. An almost constant N-incorporation efficiency is obtained for a wide growth temperature range from 550 °C up to 650 °C. The P-incorporation is steadily increasing with increasing growth temperature reaching values at high temperatures in excess of the applied gas phase ratio. While the lower interface from the binary GaP- to the quaternary Ga(NAsP)-material system is very sharp, the upper interface is significantly rougher with a roughness scale of ±0.43 nm in quantum well thickness variation at a growth temperature of 525 °C. This roughness scale increases steadily with increasing growth temperature. No indication of any phase separation effects is detected in the Ga(NAsP)-material system even at the highest growth temperature of 700 °C. The obtained experimental results are briefly discussed with respect to the anticipated metastable character of the novel dilute-nitride Ga(NAsP)-material system grown lattice-matched to (001) Si-substrate.

Development and phytochemical content analysis of bun incorporated with Kappaphycus Alvarezii seaweed powder

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sasue, Anita; Kasim, Zalifah Mohd

2016-11-01

Consumer awareness of the importance of functional foods has greatly grown in the past years. Functional foods with elevated levels of antioxidants are of high demand because of its associated health benefits. As bread is a common component in our daily diet, it may be convenient food to deliver antioxidants at a high concentration. The main approach of this study is to incorporate Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweed powder (SWP) and white flour in the bun formulation in order to develop seaweed bun with higher level of phytochemicals. The fresh Kappaphycus alvarezii seaweeds were washed, soaked in distilled water overnight, dried in a cabinet dryer at 40°C for 24 hours and ground into fine powder using universal miller. There were five different percentages of SWP incorporated into bun that were formulation A - control (0% SWP), B (3% SWP), C (6% SWP), D (9% SWP) and E (12% SWP). All the samples were undergone texture, total phenolic content and DPPH analysis. Seaweed concentration had most significant effect on phytochemical constituents of the bun with TPC (35.07 GAE, mg/100g) and DPPH activity (49.02%) maximized when 12% SWP was incorporated into the flour (P<0.05). The incorporation of the SWP also gives significant effects towards the texture of the bun where the bun becomes harder and denser as compared to the control.

46 CFR 160.023-1 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 160.023-1 Section 160.023-1... Incorporation by reference. (a) The following are incorporated by reference into this subpart: (1) Military... specification may be obtained from Customer Service, Naval Publications and Forms Center, 5801 Tabor Avenue...

Development and quality assessment of carrageenan incorporated low fat chevon patties.

PubMed

Nayak, N K; Pathak, V

2016-09-01

The present study was conducted to develop and assess the quality of carrageenan incorporated chevon patties with the objective of reducing fat content. Efficacy of carrageenan as fat replacers (0.3, 0.6 & 0.9 %) was assessed for development of low fat chevon patties. Emulsion stability and cooking yield increased with the increase in levels of carrageenan. Significantly ( P  < 0.05) lower fat and cholesterol contents and higher moisture and fat retention were observed in formulation with carrageenan. No significant difference in the mineral content in either of the treatment was recorded. Incorporation of fat replacer in chevon patties demonstrated significant effect on all the textural parameters except adhesiveness. Results of color value illustrated that lightness (L*) value differ significantly. Sensory scores were higher or comparable for patties containing 0.6 % carrageenan as compared to control. Hence, carrageenan was observed to be suitable as fat replacer for producing low fat chevon meat patties.

Changes in microbial biomass and P fractions in biogenic household waste compost amended with inorganic P fertilizers.

PubMed

Khan, Khalid Saifullah; Joergensen, Rainer Georg

2009-01-01

The present study was conducted to evaluate the changes in microbial biomass indices (C, N, and especially P) and in P fractions in compost amended with inorganic P fertilizers. In the non-amended control, the average contents of microbial biomass C, N, and P were 1744, 193, and 63 microg g(-1) compost, respectively. On average, 1.3% of total P was stored as microbial biomass P. The addition of KH(2)PO(4) and TSP (triple super phosphate) led to immediate significant increases in microbial biomass C, N, and P. Approximately, 4.6% of the added TSP and 5.8% of the added KH(2)PO(4) were incorporated on average into the microbial biomass throughout the incubation. Approximately, 4.7% of the 1mg and 5.8% of the 2mg addition rate were incorporated on average into the microbial biomass. In the amendment treatments, the average contents of microbial biomass C, N, and P declined by 44%, 64%, and 49%, respectively. Initially, the average size of the P fractions in the non-amended compost increased in the order (% of total P in brackets) resin P (0.7%)P(i) (inorganic P, 3.0%)P(o) (organic P, 6.9%)P(i) (11.9%)P(o) (17.0%)P (24.6%)P (35.7%). Initially, the relative contributions of the P fractions in the amended compost treatments increased in the order: NaOH-P(i) (1.0%)P (2.5%)P(o) (4.5%)P(o) (4.9%)P (14.8%)P (15.2%)P(i) (57.1%). At the end of the 56-day incubation, the largest and highly soluble fraction of NaHCO(3)-extractable P(i) had decreased in place of the less soluble fractions NaOH-extractable P(i) and P(o), but especially HCl-P, but not in place of the insoluble fraction of residual P. The microbial biomass is able to rapidly store significant amounts of easily soluble P and to prevent it from adsorption or other fixation processes.

Evaluation of the enzymatic activity and stability of commercial bromelain incorporated in topical formulations.

PubMed

Lourenço, C B; Ataide, J A; Cefali, L C; Novaes, L C D L; Moriel, P; Silveira, E; Tambourgi, E B; Mazzola, P G

2016-10-01

Bromelain is a mixture of proteolytic enzymes found in various tissues of the pineapple plant (Ananas comosus) and other species of Bromeliaceae. Owing to its proteolytic activity, bromelain has been used in the food, medical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, for its cell renewal, anti-ageing, whitening and anti-cellulite properties. This study evaluated the stability of bromelain (commercial powder) incorporated in topical formulations. Bromelain was incorporated at three concentrations, 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0%, in oil-in-water emulsion and gel, and stored for six months at varying stress conditions. Stability was accessed by measuring the changes in the protein content, enzymatic activity, viscosity, rheology, pH and colour of the selected formulations. The colour of all the samples changed after 180 days of incubation, indicating the concentration-dependence and temperature-sensitive nature of these formulations. No relationship was observed between the changes in the pH, temperature and luminosity exposure in all the samples. Gels proved to be the least preferred base for incorporation of bromelain for use as a topical formulation, owing to its inability to maintain the integrity of bromelain, thereby affecting the formulation characteristics. The emulsion-based formulations at all the concentrations of bromelain were more stable than the gel-based formulation over 180 days of evaluation, at a temperature of 5°C, protected from light. © 2016 Society of Cosmetic Scientists and the Société Française de Cosmétologie.

Self-Catalyzed Growth and Characterization of In(As)P Nanowires on InP(111)B Using Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition.

PubMed

Park, Jeung Hun; Pozuelo, Marta; Setiawan, Bunga P D; Chung, Choong-Heui

2016-12-01

We report the growth of vertical <111>-oriented InAs x P1-x (0.11 ≤ x ≤ 0.27) nanowires via metal-organic chemical vapor deposition in the presence of indium droplets as catalysts on InP(111)B substrates at 375 °C. Trimethylindium, tertiarybutylphosphine, and tertiarybutylarsine are used as the precursors, corresponding to P/In and As/In molar ratios of 29 and 0.01, respectively. The as-grown nanowire growth morphologies, crystallinity, composition, and optical characteristics are determined using a combination of scanning and transmission electron microscopies, electron diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron, energy dispersive X-ray, and Raman spectroscopies. We find that the InAs x P1-x nanowires are tapered with narrow tops, wider bases, and In-rich In-As alloy tips, characteristic of vapor-liquid-solid process. The wires exhibit a mixture of zinc blende and wurtzite crystal structures and a high density of structural defects such as stacking faults and twins. Our results suggest that the incorporation of As into InP wires decreases with increasing substrate temperature. The Raman spectra obtained from the In(As)P nanowires reveal a red-shift and lower intensity of longitudinal optical mode relative to both InP nanowires and InP(111)B bulk, due to the incorporation of As into the InP matrix.

30 CFR 250.198 - Documents incorporated by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Addenda, and all Section I Interpretations Volume 55, incorporated by reference at § 250.803(b)(1), (b)(1...; July 1, 2005 Addenda, and all Section IV Interpretations Volume 55, incorporated by reference at § 250... Addenda, Divisions 1 and 2, and all Section VIII Interpretations Volumes 54 and 55, incorporated by...

In vitro biocompatibility of magnesium-incorporated submicro-porous titanium oxide surface produced by hydrothermal treatment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, Jin-Woo; Kim, Youn-Jeong; Jang, Je-Hee; An, Chang-Hyeon

2010-11-01

This study investigated the surface characteristics and in vitro biocompatibility of titanium (Ti) oxide surface incorporating magnesium ions (Mg), produced by hydrothermal treatment using an alkaline Mg-containing solution, for future biomedical applications. The surface characteristics were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, thin-film X-ray diffractometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and optical profilometry. Mouse calvaria-derived osteoblastic cell (MC3T3-E1) attachment, spreading, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and osteoblastic gene expression on Mg-containing surfaces were compared with untreated Ti surfaces. Hydrothermal treatment resulted in Mg-incorporated Ti oxide layer with submicro-porous surface structures approximately 2 μm in thickness. ICP-AES analysis revealed Mg ions release from treated surfaces into the solution. The Mg-incorporated surface displayed significantly increased cellular attachment and ALP activity compared with untreated surface ( p < 0.05), and supported better cell spreading. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed notably higher mRNA expression of the osteoblast transcription factor genes (Dlx5, Runx2) and the osteoblast phenotype genes (ALP, bone sialoprotein and osteocalcin) in cells grown on the Mg-incorporated surfaces than untreated surfaces. These results demonstrate that the Mg-incorporated submicro-porous Ti oxide surface produced by hydrothermal treatment may improve implant osseointegration by enhancing the attachment, spreading and differentiation of osteoblastic cells.

[Effects of ex situ rice straw incorporation on organic matter content and main physical properties of hilly red soil].

PubMed

Zhu, Han-hua; Huang, Dao-you; Liu, Shou-long; Zhu, Qi-hong

2007-11-01

Two typical land-use types, i.e., newly cultivated slope land and mellow upland, were selected to investigate the effects of ex situ rice straw incorporation on the organic matter content, field water-holding capacity, bulk density, and porosity of hilly red soil, and to approach the correlations between these parameters. The results showed that ex situ incorporation of rice straw increased soil organic matter content, ameliorated soil physical properties, and improved soil water storage. Comparing with non-fertilization and applying chemical fertilizers, ex situ incorporation of rice straw increased the contents of organic matter (5.8%-28.9%) and > 0.25 mm water-stable aggregates in 0-20 cm soil layer, and increased the field water-holding capacity (6.8%-16.2%) and porosity (4.8%-7.7%) significantly (P < 0.05) while decreased the bulk density (4.5%-7.5%) in 10-15 cm soil layer. The organic matter content in 0-20 cm soil layer was significantly correlated to the bulk density, porosity, and field water-holding capacity in 10-15 cm soil layer (P < 0.01), and the field water-holding capacity in 0-20 cm and 10-15 cm soil layers was significantly correlated to the bulk density and porosity in these two layers (P < 0.05).

pH-Sensitive Liposomes: Possible Clinical Implications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yatvin, M. B.; Kreutz, W.; Horwitz, B. A.; Shinitzky, M.

1980-12-01

When pH-sensitive molecules are incorporated into liposomes, drugs can be specifically released from these vesicles by a change of pH in the ambient serum. Liposomes containing the pH-sensitive lipid palmitoyl homocysteine (PHC) were constructed so that the greatest pH differential (6.0 to 7.4) of drug release was obtained near physiological temperature. Such liposomes could be useful clinically if they enable drugs to be targeted to areas of the body in which pH is less than physiological, such as primary tumors and metastases or sites of inflammation and infection.

30 CFR 285.115 - Documents incorporated by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... incorporating by reference the documents listed in the table in paragraph (e) of this section. The Director of...: ER29AP09.104 (e) This paragraph lists documents incorporated by reference. To easily reference text of the... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Documents incorporated by reference. 285.115...

46 CFR 2.45-5 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... INSPECTIONS Classification Society Activities § 2.45-5 Incorporation by reference. (a) Certain material is incorporated by reference into this part with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register under 5 U.S... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 2.45-5 Section 2.45-5...

46 CFR 2.45-5 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... INSPECTIONS Classification Society Activities § 2.45-5 Incorporation by reference. (a) Certain material is incorporated by reference into this part with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register under 5 U.S... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 2.45-5 Section 2.45-5...

46 CFR 2.45-5 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... INSPECTIONS Classification Society Activities § 2.45-5 Incorporation by reference. (a) Certain material is incorporated by reference into this part with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register under 5 U.S... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 2.45-5 Section 2.45-5...

Developing safety performance functions incorporating reliability-based risk measures.

PubMed

Ibrahim, Shewkar El-Bassiouni; Sayed, Tarek

2011-11-01

Current geometric design guides provide deterministic standards where the safety margin of the design output is generally unknown and there is little knowledge of the safety implications of deviating from these standards. Several studies have advocated probabilistic geometric design where reliability analysis can be used to account for the uncertainty in the design parameters and to provide a risk measure of the implication of deviation from design standards. However, there is currently no link between measures of design reliability and the quantification of safety using collision frequency. The analysis presented in this paper attempts to bridge this gap by incorporating a reliability-based quantitative risk measure such as the probability of non-compliance (P(nc)) in safety performance functions (SPFs). Establishing this link will allow admitting reliability-based design into traditional benefit-cost analysis and should lead to a wider application of the reliability technique in road design. The present application is concerned with the design of horizontal curves, where the limit state function is defined in terms of the available (supply) and stopping (demand) sight distances. A comprehensive collision and geometric design database of two-lane rural highways is used to investigate the effect of the probability of non-compliance on safety. The reliability analysis was carried out using the First Order Reliability Method (FORM). Two Negative Binomial (NB) SPFs were developed to compare models with and without the reliability-based risk measures. It was found that models incorporating the P(nc) provided a better fit to the data set than the traditional (without risk) NB SPFs for total, injury and fatality (I+F) and property damage only (PDO) collisions. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

46 CFR 38.01-3 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 38.01-3 Section 38.01-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY TANK VESSELS LIQUEFIED FLAMMABLE GASES General § 38.01-3 Incorporation by reference. (a) Certain standards and specifications are incorporated by reference into this part with the approval of the...

46 CFR 160.133-5 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 160.133-5 Section 160.133-5....133-5 Incorporation by reference. (a) Certain material is incorporated by reference into this part with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To...

46 CFR 160.170-5 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 160.170-5 Section 160.170-5....170-5 Incorporation by reference. (a) Certain material is incorporated by reference into this part with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To...

46 CFR 160.133-5 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 160.133-5 Section 160.133-5....133-5 Incorporation by reference. (a) Certain material is incorporated by reference into this part with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To...

46 CFR 160.170-5 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 160.170-5 Section 160.170-5....170-5 Incorporation by reference. (a) Certain material is incorporated by reference into this part with the approval of the Director of the Federal Register under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To...

The incorporation of chlorhexidine in a two-step self-etching adhesive preserves dentin bond in vitro.

PubMed

Zhou, Jianfeng; Tan, Jianguo; Chen, Li; Li, Deli; Tan, Yao

2009-10-01

To investigate whether the incorporation of chlorhexidine in a two-step self-etching adhesive can preserve dentin bond strengths. Different amounts of 20% chlorhexidine digluconate were added directly to the primer of Clearfil SE Bond to prepare mixtures of four different concentrations of chlorhexidine: 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0%. Sixteen extracted third molars were randomly divided into 4 groups. Each group corresponded to one of the four chlorhexidine concentrations. Each of the 16 teeth was sectioned into two halves. One half was bonded with Clearfil SE Bond without chlorhexidine, and the other half was bonded with Clearfil SE Bond containing different concentrations of chlorhexidine. Specimens were stored in 0.9% NaCl containing 0.02% sodium azide at 37 degrees C. Microtensile bond strengths were tested 24h after specimen preparation or 12 months later. The modes of fractures were examined under a stereomicroscope. Twelve-month storage resulted in significant bond strength reduction of all control groups (p<0.05). When incorporated in SE Bond primer, chlorhexidine preserved dentin bond in the 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0% chlorhexidine group (p<0.05); in the 0.05% group, there is no statistical difference of bond strength between control group and experimental group tested at the 12-month period (p>0.05). When incorporated in the primer of Clearfil SE Bond, chlorhexidine can preserve dentin bond as long as the concentration of chlorhexidine in the primer is higher than or equal to 0.1%.

Strategies for P2P connectivity in reconfigurable converged wired/wireless access networks.

PubMed

Puerto, Gustavo; Mora, José; Ortega, Beatriz; Capmany, José

2010-12-06

This paper presents different strategies to define the architecture of a Radio-Over-Fiber (RoF) Access networks enabling Peer-to-Peer (P2P) functionalities. The architectures fully exploit the flexibility of a wavelength router based on the feedback configuration of an Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) and an optical switch to broadcast P2P services among diverse infrastructures featuring dynamic channel allocation and enabling an optical platform for 3G and beyond wireless backhaul requirements. The first architecture incorporates a tunable laser to generate a dedicated wavelength for P2P purposes and the second architecture takes advantage of reused wavelengths to enable the P2P connectivity among Optical Network Units (ONUs) or Base Stations (BS). While these two approaches allow the P2P connectivity in a one at a time basis (1:1), the third architecture enables the broadcasting of P2P sessions among different ONUs or BSs at the same time (1:M). Experimental assessment of the proposed architecture shows approximately 0.6% Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) degradation for wireless services and 1 dB penalty in average for 1 x 10(-12) Bit Error Rate (BER) for wired baseband services.

Incorporation of phosphate into glycogen by glycogen synthase.

PubMed

Contreras, Christopher J; Segvich, Dyann M; Mahalingan, Krishna; Chikwana, Vimbai M; Kirley, Terence L; Hurley, Thomas D; DePaoli-Roach, Anna A; Roach, Peter J

2016-05-01

The storage polymer glycogen normally contains small amounts of covalently attached phosphate as phosphomonoesters at C2, C3 and C6 atoms of glucose residues. In the absence of the laforin phosphatase, as in the rare childhood epilepsy Lafora disease, the phosphorylation level is elevated and is associated with abnormal glycogen structure that contributes to the pathology. Laforin therefore likely functions in vivo as a glycogen phosphatase. The mechanism of glycogen phosphorylation is less well-understood. We have reported that glycogen synthase incorporates phosphate into glycogen via a rare side reaction in which glucose-phosphate rather than glucose is transferred to a growing polyglucose chain (Tagliabracci et al. (2011) Cell Metab13, 274-282). We proposed a mechanism to account for phosphorylation at C2 and possibly at C3. Our results have since been challenged (Nitschke et al. (2013) Cell Metab17, 756-767). Here we extend the evidence supporting our conclusion, validating the assay used for the detection of glycogen phosphorylation, measurement of the transfer of (32)P from [β-(32)P]UDP-glucose to glycogen by glycogen synthase. The (32)P associated with the glycogen fraction was stable to ethanol precipitation, SDS-PAGE and gel filtration on Sephadex G50. The (32)P-signal was not affected by inclusion of excess unlabeled UDP before analysis or by treatment with a UDPase, arguing against the signal being due to contaminating [β-(32)P]UDP generated in the reaction. Furthermore, [(32)P]UDP did not bind non-covalently to glycogen. The (32)P associated with glycogen was released by laforin treatment, suggesting that it was present as a phosphomonoester. The conclusion is that glycogen synthase can mediate the introduction of phosphate into glycogen, thereby providing a possible mechanism for C2, and perhaps C3, phosphorylation. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

INCORPORATION OF PHOSPHATE INTO GLYCOGEN BY GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE

PubMed Central

Contreras, Christopher J.; Segvich, Dyann M.; Mahalingan, Krishna; Chikwana, Vimbai M.; Kirley, Terence L.; Hurley, Thomas D.; DePaoli-Roach, Anna A.; Roach, Peter J.

2016-01-01

The storage polymer glycogen normally contains small amounts of covalently attached phosphate as phosphomonoesters at C2, C3 and C6 atoms of glucose residues. In the absence of the laforin phosphatase, as in the rare childhood epilepsy Lafora disease, the phosphorylation level is elevated and is associated with abnormal glycogen structure that contributes to the pathology. Laforin therefore likely functions in vivo as a glycogen phosphatase. The mechanism of glycogen phosphorylation is less well-understood. We have reported that glycogen synthase incorporates phosphate into glycogen via a rare side reaction in which glucose-phosphate rather than glucose is transferred to a growing polyglucose chain (Tagliabracci et al. (2011) Cell Metab 13, 274-282). We proposed a mechanism to account for phosphorylation at C2 and possibly at C3. Our results have since been challenged (Nitschke et al. (2013) Cell Metab 17, 756-767). Here we extend the evidence supporting our conclusion, validating the assay used for the detection of glycogen phosphorylation, measurement of the transfer of 32P from [β-32P]UDP-glucose to glycogen by glycogen synthase. The 32P associated with the glycogen fraction was stable to ethanol precipitation, SDS-PAGE and gel filtration on Sephadex G50. The 32P-signal was not affected by inclusion of excess unlabeled UDP before analysis or by treatment with a UDPase, arguing against the signal being due to contaminating [β-32P]UDP generated in the reaction. Furthermore, [32P]UDP did not bind non-covalently to glycogen. The 32P associated with glycogen was released by laforin treatment, suggesting that it was present as a phosphomonoester. The conclusion is that glycogen synthase can mediate the introduction of phosphate into glycogen, thereby providing a possible mechanism for C2, perhaps C3, phosphorylation. PMID:27036853

Biodegradable thermoplastic polyurethanes incorporating polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane.

PubMed

Knight, Pamela T; Lee, Kyung Min; Qin, Haihu; Mather, Patrick T

2008-09-01

A new hybrid thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) system that incorporates an organic, biodegradable poly(D, L-lactide) soft block with a hard block bearing the inorganic polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane (POSS) moiety is introduced and studied. Changes in the polyol composition made through variation of the hydrophilic initiator molecular weight show direct control of the final transition temperatures. Incorporating POSS into the hard segments allows for excellent elasticity above T(g), as evidenced with dynamic mechanical analysis, not seen in most other biodegradable materials. This elasticity is attributed to physical cross-links formed in the hard block through POSS crystallization, as revealed with wide-angle X-ray diffraction. Increasing the POSS incorporation level in the TPU hard block was observed to increase crystallinity and also the rigidity of the material. The highest incorporation, using a statistical average of three POSS units per hard block, demonstrated one-way shape memory with excellent shape fixing capabilities. In vitro degradation of this sample was also investigated during a two month period. Moderate water uptake and dramatic molecular weight decrease were immediately observed although large mass loss (approximately 20 wt %) was not observed until the two month time point.

Exploiting strain to enhance the Bi incorporation in GaAs-based III/V semiconductors using MOVPE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nattermann, L.; Ludewig, P.; Sterzer, E.; Volz, K.

2017-07-01

Bi containing III/V semiconductors are frequently mentioned for their importance as part of the next generation of optoelectronic devices. Bi containing ternary and quaternary materials like Ga(AsBi), Ga(NAsBi) or Ga(PAsBi) are promising candidates to meet the requirements for new laser structures for telecommunications and solar cell applications. However, in previous studies it was determined that the incorporation of sufficient amounts of Bi still poses a challenge, especially when using MOVPE (metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy) as the growth technique. In order to figure out which mechanisms are responsible for the limitation of Bi incorporation, this work deals with the question of whether there is a relationship between strain, induced by the large Bi atoms, and the saturation level of Bi incorporation in Ga(AsBi). Ga(NAsBi) structures were grown by MOVPE at a low temperature, 400 °C, and compared to Ga(PAsBi) as well as Ga(AsBi) growth. By using the two group V atoms P and N, which have a smaller covalent radius than Bi, the effect of local strain compensation was investigated systematically. The comparison of Bi incorporation in the two quaternary materials systems proved the importance of local strain for the limitation of Bi incorporation, in addition to other effects, like Bi surface coverage and hydrocarbon groups at the growth surface. This, of course, also opens up ways to strain-state-engineer the Bi incorporation in semiconductor alloys.

Incorporating perylene moiety into poly(phenothiazine-co-bithiophene) backbone for higher charge transport.

PubMed

Tang, Weihua; Ke, Lin; Chen, Zhi-Kuan

2008-03-27

Low band gap pi-conjugated polymers composed of phenothiazine, bithiophene, and perylene moieties were prepared in high yields by using a palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction. The polymers were characterized by NMR, gel permeation chromatography, and elemental analysis. The characterizations revealed that high-molecular weight (weight-average molecular weight up to 42,400 g/mol) polymers were thermally stable with a decomposition temperature in the region of 338-354 degrees C and their glass transition temperatures (Tg) ranging from 124 to 136 degrees C. All polymers demonstrated broad optical absorption in the region of 300-550 nm with efficient blue-green light emission. The absorption was broadened further (for ca. 50 nm) when the perylene moiety was incorporated. Cyclic voltammograms displayed that the p- and n-doping processes of all the polymers were partially reversible and that electrochemical band gaps were as low as -2.30 eV with the incorporation of a perylene moiety. The hole mobility of polymers was evaluated by using the space-charge-limited current model with a device structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymer/Ca. The results show that the incorporation of perylene is beneficial for improving the hole mobility of the conjugated polymers.

49 CFR 537.10 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 537.10 Section 537.10 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AUTOMOTIVE FUEL ECONOMY REPORTS § 537.10 Incorporation by reference...

49 CFR 537.10 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 537.10 Section 537.10 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AUTOMOTIVE FUEL ECONOMY REPORTS § 537.10 Incorporation by reference...

49 CFR 537.10 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 537.10 Section 537.10 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AUTOMOTIVE FUEL ECONOMY REPORTS § 537.10 Incorporation by reference...

49 CFR 537.10 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 537.10 Section 537.10 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AUTOMOTIVE FUEL ECONOMY REPORTS § 537.10 Incorporation by reference...

49 CFR 537.10 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 537.10 Section 537.10 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AUTOMOTIVE FUEL ECONOMY REPORTS § 537.10 Incorporation by reference...

47 CFR 79.100 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 79.100 Section 79.100 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES CLOSED CAPTIONING AND VIDEO DESCRIPTION OF VIDEO PROGRAMMING § 79.100 Incorporation by reference. (a) The materials...

47 CFR 79.100 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 79.100 Section 79.100 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES ACCESSIBILITY OF VIDEO PROGRAMMING Apparatus § 79.100 Incorporation by reference. (a) The materials listed in...

47 CFR 79.100 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 79.100 Section 79.100 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES CLOSED CAPTIONING AND VIDEO DESCRIPTION OF VIDEO PROGRAMMING § 79.100 Incorporation by reference. (a) The materials...

Antifungal properties of gliadin films incorporating cinnamaldehyde and application in active food packaging of bread and cheese spread foodstuffs.

PubMed

Balaguer, Mari Pau; Lopez-Carballo, Gracia; Catala, Ramon; Gavara, Rafael; Hernandez-Munoz, Pilar

2013-09-16

Gliadin films incorporating 1.5, 3 and 5% cinnamaldehyde (g/100g protein) were tested against food-spoilage fungi Penicillium expansum and Aspergillus niger in vitro, and were employed in an active food packaging system for sliced bread and cheese spread. Gliadin films incorporating cinnamaldehyde were highly effective against fungal growth. P. expansum and A. niger were completely inhibited after storage in vitro for 10 days in the presence of films incorporating 3% cinnamaldehyde. Indeed 1.5% cinnamaldehyde was sufficient in the case of P. expansum. The amount of cinnamaldehyde retained in films after storage for 45 days at 20 °C and 0% RH was also sufficient in most cases to prevent fungal growth in vitro. Active food packaging with gliadin films incorporating 5% cinnamaldehyde increased the shelf-life of both sliced bread and cheese spread. Mold growth was observed on sliced bread after 27 days of storage at 23 °C with active packaging, whereas in the control bread packaged without the active film fungal growth appeared around the fourth day. In the cheese spread, no fungi were observed after 26 days of storage at 4 °C when the product was packaged with the active film. However, growth of fungi was observed in control packaged cheese after 16 days of storage. This work demonstrates a noteworthy potential of these novel bioplastics incorporating natural antimicrobial compounds as innovative solutions to be used in active food packaging to extend shelf-life of food products. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Detergent-mediated incorporation of transmembrane proteins in giant unilamellar vesicles with controlled physiological contents

PubMed Central

Dezi, Manuela; Di Cicco, Aurelie; Bassereau, Patricia; Lévy, Daniel

2013-01-01

Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are convenient biomimetic systems of the same size as cells that are increasingly used to quantitatively address biophysical and biochemical processes related to cell functions. However, current approaches to incorporate transmembrane proteins in the membrane of GUVs are limited by the amphiphilic nature or proteins. Here, we report a method to incorporate transmembrane proteins in GUVs, based on concepts developed for detergent-mediated reconstitution in large unilamellar vesicles. Reconstitution is performed either by direct incorporation from proteins purified in detergent micelles or by fusion of purified native vesicles or proteoliposomes in preformed GUVs. Lipid compositions of the membrane and the ionic, protein, or DNA compositions in the internal and external volumes of GUVs can be controlled. Using confocal microscopy and functional assays, we show that proteins are unidirectionally incorporated in the GUVs and keep their functionality. We have successfully tested our method with three types of transmembrane proteins. GUVs containing bacteriorhodopsin, a photoactivable proton pump, can generate large transmembrane pH and potential gradients that are light-switchable and stable for hours. GUVs with FhuA, a bacterial porin, were used to follow the DNA injection by T5 phage upon binding to its transmembrane receptor. GUVs incorporating BmrC/BmrD, a bacterial heterodimeric ATP-binding cassette efflux transporter, were used to demonstrate the protein-dependent translocation of drugs and their interactions with encapsulated DNA. Our method should thus apply to a wide variety of membrane or peripheral proteins for producing more complex biomimetic GUVs. PMID:23589883

Characterization of Active Packaging Films Made from Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly(Trimethylene Carbonate) Incorporated with Oregano Essential Oil.

PubMed

Liu, Dong; Li, Hongli; Jiang, Lin; Chuan, Yongming; Yuan, Minglong; Chen, Haiyun

2016-05-27

Antimicromial and antioxidant bioactive films based on poly(lactic acid)/poly(trimenthylene carbonate) films incorporated with different concentrations of oregano essential oil (OEO) were prepared by solvent casting. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, physical, thermal, microstructural, and mechanical properties of the resulting films were examined. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the cross-section of films became rougher when OEO was incorporated into PLA/PTMC blends. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicated that crystallinity of PLA phase decreased by the addition of OEO, but this did not affect the thermal stability of the films. Water vapor permeability of films slightly increased with increasing concentration of OEO. However, active PLA/PTMC/OEO composite films showed adequate barrier properties for food packaging application. The antimicrobial and antioxidant capacities were significantly improved with the incorporation of OEO (p < 0.05). The results demonstrated that an optimal balance between the mechanical, barrier, thermal, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of the films was achieved by the incorporation of 9 wt % OEO into PLA/PTMC blends.

Subsurface Conditions Controlling Uranium Incorporation in Iron Oxides: A Redox Stable Sink

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fendorf, Scott

2016-04-05

Toxic metals and radionuclides throughout the U.S. Department of Energy Complex pose a serious threat to ecosystems and to human health. Of particular concern is the redox-sensitive radionuclide uranium, which is classified as a priority pollutant in soils and groundwaters at most DOE sites owing to its large inventory, its health risks, and its mobility with respect to primary waste sources. The goal of this research was to contribute to the long-term mission of the Subsurface Biogeochemistry Program by determining reactions of uranium with iron (hydr)oxides that lead to long-term stabilization of this pervasive contaminant. The research objectives of thismore » project were thus to (1) identify the (bio)geochemical conditions, including those of the solid-phase, promoting uranium incorporation in Fe (hydr)oxides, (2) determine the magnitude of uranium incorporation under a variety of relevant subsurface conditions in order to quantify the importance of this pathway when in competition with reduction or adsorption; (3) identify the mechanism(s) of U(VI/V) incorporation in Fe (hydr)oxides; and (4) determine the stability of these phases under different biogeochemical (inclusive of redox) conditions. Our research demonstrates that redox transformations are capable of achieving U incorporation into goethite at ambient temperatures, and that this transformation occurs within days at U and Fe(II) concentrations that are common in subsurface geochemical environments with natural ferrihydrites—inclusive of those with natural impurities. Increasing Fe(II) or U concentration, or initial pH, made U(VI) reduction to U(IV) a more competitive sequestration pathway in this system, presumably by increasing the relative rate of U reduction. Uranium concentrations commonly found in contaminated subsurface environments are often on the order of 1-10 μM, and groundwater Fe(II) concentrations can reach exceed 1 mM in reduced zones of the subsurface. The redox-driven U

14 CFR 25.5 - Incorporations by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Incorporations by reference. 25.5 Section 25.5 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES General § 25.5 Incorporations by reference. (a) The...

40 CFR 76.4 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Incorporation by reference. 76.4 Section 76.4 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) ACID RAIN NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM § 76.4 Incorporation by reference. (a) The...

40 CFR 76.4 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Incorporation by reference. 76.4 Section 76.4 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) ACID RAIN NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM § 76.4 Incorporation by reference. (a) The...

40 CFR 76.4 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Incorporation by reference. 76.4 Section 76.4 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) ACID RAIN NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM § 76.4 Incorporation by reference. (a) The...

40 CFR 76.4 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Incorporation by reference. 76.4 Section 76.4 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) ACID RAIN NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM § 76.4 Incorporation by reference. (a) The...

40 CFR 76.4 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Incorporation by reference. 76.4 Section 76.4 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) ACID RAIN NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM § 76.4 Incorporation by reference. (a) The...

46 CFR 15.105 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 15.105 Section 15.105 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY MERCHANT MARINE OFFICERS AND SEAMEN MANNING REQUIREMENTS Purpose and Applicability § 15.105 Incorporation by reference. (a) Certain material is...

46 CFR 197.510 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 197.510 Section 197.510 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS GENERAL PROVISIONS Benzene § 197.510 Incorporation by reference. (a) Certain materials are...

46 CFR 197.510 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 197.510 Section 197.510 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS GENERAL PROVISIONS Benzene § 197.510 Incorporation by reference. (a) Certain materials are...

46 CFR 15.103 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 15.103 Section 15.103 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY MERCHANT MARINE OFFICERS AND SEAMEN MANNING REQUIREMENTS Purpose and Applicability § 15.103 Incorporation by reference. (a) Certain material is...

46 CFR 15.105 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 15.105 Section 15.105 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY MERCHANT MARINE OFFICERS AND SEAMEN MANNING REQUIREMENTS Purpose and Applicability § 15.105 Incorporation by reference. (a) Certain material is...

46 CFR 15.105 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 15.105 Section 15.105 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY MERCHANT MARINE OFFICERS AND SEAMEN MANNING REQUIREMENTS Purpose and Applicability § 15.105 Incorporation by reference. (a) Certain material is...

46 CFR 15.105 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 15.105 Section 15.105 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY MERCHANT MARINE OFFICERS AND SEAMEN MANNING REQUIREMENTS Purpose and Applicability § 15.105 Incorporation by reference. (a) Certain material is...

46 CFR 197.510 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 197.510 Section 197.510 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS GENERAL PROVISIONS Benzene § 197.510 Incorporation by reference. (a) Certain materials are...

46 CFR 197.510 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 197.510 Section 197.510 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS GENERAL PROVISIONS Benzene § 197.510 Incorporation by reference. (a) Certain materials are...

46 CFR 197.510 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 197.510 Section 197.510 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS GENERAL PROVISIONS Benzene § 197.510 Incorporation by reference. (a) Certain materials are...

40 CFR 600.011 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Incorporation by reference. 600.011 Section 600.011 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) ENERGY POLICY FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS EXHAUST EMISSIONS OF MOTOR VEHICLES General Provisions § 600.011 Incorporation...

Loss of p21{sup Sdi1} expression in senescent cells after DNA damage accompanied with increase of miR-93 expression and reduced p53 interaction with p21{sup Sdi1} gene promoter

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Choi, Ok Ran; Lim, In Kyoung, E-mail: iklim@ajou.ac.kr

2011-04-08

Highlights: {yields} Reduced p21 expression in senescent cells treated with DNA damaging agents. {yields} Increase of [{sup 3}H]thymidine and BrdU incorporations in DNA damaged-senescent cells. {yields} Upregulation of miR-93 expression in senescent cells in response to DSB. {yields} Failure of p53 binding to p21 promoter in senescent cells in response to DSB. {yields} Molecular mechanism of increased cancer development in aged than young individuals. -- Abstract: To answer what is a critical event for higher incidence of tumor development in old than young individuals, primary culture of human diploid fibroblasts were employed and DNA damage was induced by doxorubicin ormore » X-ray irradiation. Response to the damage was different between young and old cells; loss of p21{sup sdi1} expression in spite of p53{sup S15} activation in old cells along with [{sup 3}H]thymidine and BrdU incorporation, but not in young cells. The phenomenon was confirmed by other tissue fibroblasts obtained from different donor ages. Induction of miR-93 expression and reduced p53 binding to p21 gene promoter account for loss of p21{sup sdi1} expression in senescent cells after DNA damage, suggesting a mechanism of in vivo carcinogenesis in aged tissue without repair arrest.« less

46 CFR 107.115 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 107.115 Section 107.115 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION General § 107.115 Incorporation by reference. (a) The standards referred to in...

46 CFR 107.115 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 107.115 Section 107.115 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION General § 107.115 Incorporation by reference. (a) The standards referred to in...

46 CFR 107.115 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 107.115 Section 107.115 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION General § 107.115 Incorporation by reference. (a) The standards referred to in...

46 CFR 107.115 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 107.115 Section 107.115 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION General § 107.115 Incorporation by reference. (a) The standards referred to in...

46 CFR 107.115 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 107.115 Section 107.115 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) A-MOBILE OFFSHORE DRILLING UNITS INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION General § 107.115 Incorporation by reference. (a) The standards referred to in...

46 CFR 64.2 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 64.2 Section 64.2 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING MARINE PORTABLE TANKS AND... incorporation by reference in this part, and the sections affected, are: American Society of Mechanical...

46 CFR 64.2 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 64.2 Section 64.2 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING MARINE PORTABLE TANKS AND... incorporation by reference in this part, and the sections affected, are: American Society of Mechanical...

33 CFR 159.4 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Incorporation by reference. 159.4 Section 159.4 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION MARINE SANITATION DEVICES General § 159.4 Incorporation by reference. (a) Certain material is...

33 CFR 159.4 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Incorporation by reference. 159.4 Section 159.4 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION MARINE SANITATION DEVICES General § 159.4 Incorporation by reference. (a) Certain material is...

46 CFR 153.4 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 153.4 Section 153.4 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SHIPS CARRYING BULK LIQUID, LIQUEFIED GAS, OR COMPRESSED GAS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS General § 153.4 Incorporation by...

46 CFR 153.4 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 153.4 Section 153.4 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SHIPS CARRYING BULK LIQUID, LIQUEFIED GAS, OR COMPRESSED GAS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS General § 153.4 Incorporation by...

46 CFR 153.4 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 153.4 Section 153.4 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SHIPS CARRYING BULK LIQUID, LIQUEFIED GAS, OR COMPRESSED GAS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS General § 153.4 Incorporation by...

46 CFR 153.4 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 153.4 Section 153.4 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SHIPS CARRYING BULK LIQUID, LIQUEFIED GAS, OR COMPRESSED GAS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS General § 153.4 Incorporation by...

46 CFR 153.4 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 153.4 Section 153.4 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SHIPS CARRYING BULK LIQUID, LIQUEFIED GAS, OR COMPRESSED GAS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS General § 153.4 Incorporation by...

Expression of p53, p21 and cyclin D1 in penile cancer: p53 predicts poor prognosis.

PubMed

Gunia, Sven; Kakies, Christoph; Erbersdobler, Andreas; Hakenberg, Oliver W; Koch, Stefan; May, Matthias

2012-03-01

To evaluate the role of p53, p21 and cyclin D1 expression in patients with penile cancer (PC). Paraffin-embedded tissues from PC specimens from six pathology departments were subjected to a central histopathological review performed by one pathologist. The tissue microarray technique was used for immunostaining which was evaluated by two independent pathologists and correlated with cancer-specific survival (CSS). κ-statistics were used to assess interobserver variability. Uni- and multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis was applied to assess the independent effects of several prognostic factors on CSS over a median of 32 months (IQR 6-66 months). Specimens and clinical data from 110 men treated surgically for primary PC were collected. p53 staining was positive in 30 and negative in 62 specimens. κ-statistics showed substantial interobserver reproducibility of p53 staining evaluation (κ=0.73; p<0.001). The 5-year CSS rate for the entire study cohort was 74%. Five-year CSS was 84% in p53-negative and 51% in p53-positive PC patients (p=0.003). Multivariable analysis showed p53 (HR=3.20; p=0.041) and pT-stage (HR=4.29; p<0.001) as independent significant prognostic factors for CSS. Cyclin D1 and p21 expression were not correlated with survival. However, incorporating p21 into a multivariable Cox model did contribute to improved model quality for predicting CSS. In patients with PC, the expression of p53 in the primary tumour specimen can be reproducibly assessed and is negatively associated with cancer specific survival.

Formulation and characterization of nanoencapsulated curcumin using sodium caseinate and its incorporation in ice cream.

PubMed

Kumar, Deep Diyuti; Mann, Bimlesh; Pothuraju, Ramesh; Sharma, Rajan; Bajaj, Rajesh; Minaxi

2016-01-01

In the present investigation, the preparation and characterization of a curcumin nanoemulsion with milk protein (sodium caseinate) and its incorporation into ice cream were undertaken. Among the different combinations, the most stable formulation was observed using milk fat (8%), medium chain triglycerides (2%), curcumin (0.24%) and sodium caseinate (6%) with a mean particle size of 333.8 ± 7.18 nm, a zeta potential of -44.1 ± 0.72 mV and an encapsulation efficiency of 96.9 ± 0.28%. The effect of different processing conditions (heating, pH and ionic strength) on the particle size distribution and zeta potential of the nanoemulsion was evaluated. During heat treatment, the particle size of the nanoemulsion was increased from 333.8 ± 7.18 to 351.1 ± 4.04 nm. The nanoemulsion was destabilized at pH 4.6 and the particle size increased above and below pH 5.0. However, there was a slight increase in the particle size with a change in the ionic concentration. The release kinetics data suggested that in simulated gastro-intestinal digestion, the nanoemulsion was stable against pepsin digestion (a 5.25% release of curcumin), while pancreatic action led to a 16.12% release of curcumin from the nanoemulsion. Finally, our formulation was successfully incorporated into ice cream and the sensory attributes were evaluated. No significant difference was observed in the scores of the sensory attributes between the control and ice cream prepared with a curcumin nanoemulsion. Moreover, the encapsulation efficiency of the curcumin incorporated into the ice cream was 93.7%, which indicates that it can withstand the processing conditions. The findings suggest that ice cream is a suitable dairy product for the delivery of lipophilic bioactive components (curcumin) which can be used for therapeutic purposes.

78 FR 56618 - Incorporation by Reference; North American Standard Out-of-Service Criteria; Hazardous Materials...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-13

... Part 173.403.'' The rules currently reference the April 1, 2012, edition of the out-of-service criteria and through this final rule, FMCSA incorporates the April 1, 2013, edition. DATES: Effective [email protected] . Office hours are from 8 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. e.t., Monday through Friday, except Federal...

10 CFR 300.13 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Incorporation by reference. 300.13 Section 300.13 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CLIMATE CHANGE VOLUNTARY GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING PROGRAM: GENERAL GUIDELINES § 300.13 Incorporation by reference. The Technical Guidelines for the Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases (1605(b...

10 CFR 300.13 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Incorporation by reference. 300.13 Section 300.13 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CLIMATE CHANGE VOLUNTARY GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING PROGRAM: GENERAL GUIDELINES § 300.13 Incorporation by reference. The Technical Guidelines for the Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases (1605(b...

10 CFR 300.13 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Incorporation by reference. 300.13 Section 300.13 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CLIMATE CHANGE VOLUNTARY GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING PROGRAM: GENERAL GUIDELINES § 300.13 Incorporation by reference. The Technical Guidelines for the Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases (1605(b...

10 CFR 300.13 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Incorporation by reference. 300.13 Section 300.13 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CLIMATE CHANGE VOLUNTARY GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING PROGRAM: GENERAL GUIDELINES § 300.13 Incorporation by reference. The Technical Guidelines for the Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases (1605(b...

46 CFR 147.7 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 147.7 Section 147.7 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) DANGEROUS CARGOES HAZARDOUS SHIPS' STORES General Provisions § 147.7 Incorporation by reference. (a) In this part, portions or the entire text of...

46 CFR 147.7 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 147.7 Section 147.7 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) DANGEROUS CARGOES HAZARDOUS SHIPS' STORES General Provisions § 147.7 Incorporation by reference. (a) In this part, portions or the entire text of...

17 CFR 230.411 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... incorporated by reference shall be clearly identified in the reference by page, paragraph, caption or otherwise... such document shall be included. Where only certain pages of a document are incorporated by reference and filed with the statement, the document from which the information is taken shall be clearly...

10 CFR 300.13 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Incorporation by reference. 300.13 Section 300.13 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CLIMATE CHANGE VOLUNTARY GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING PROGRAM: GENERAL GUIDELINES § 300.13 Incorporation by reference. The Technical Guidelines for the Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases (1605(b...

Crystallographic control on the boron isotope paleo-pH proxy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Noireaux, J.; Mavromatis, V.; Gaillardet, J.; Schott, J.; Montouillout, V.; Louvat, P.; Rollion-Bard, C.; Neuville, D. R.

2015-11-01

When using the boron isotopic composition (δ11B) of marine carbonates as a seawater pH proxy, it is assumed that only the tetrahedral borate ion is incorporated into the growing carbonate crystals and that no boron isotope fractionation occurs during uptake. However, the δ11B of the calcium carbonate from most modern foraminifera shells or corals skeletons is not the same as the δ11B of seawater borate, which depends on pH, an observation commonly attributed to vital effects. In this study, we combined previously published high-field 11B MAS NMR and new δ11B measurements on the same synthetic calcite and aragonite samples precipitated inorganically under controlled environments to avoid vital effects. Our results indicate that the main controlling factors of δ11B are the solution pH and the mineralogy of the precipitated carbonate mineral, whereas the aqueous boron concentration of the solution, CaCO3 precipitation rate and the presence or absence of growth seeds all appear to have negligible influence. In aragonite, the NMR data show that boron coordination is tetrahedral (BO4), in addition, its δ11B is equal to that of aqueous borate, thus confirming the paleo-pH hypothesis. In contrast, both trigonal BO3 and tetrahedral BO4 are present in calcite, and its δ11B values are higher than that of aqueous borate and are less sensitive to solution pH variations compared to δ11B in aragonite. These observations are interpreted in calcite as a reflection of the incorporation of decreasing amounts of boric acid with increasing pH. Moreover, the fraction of BO3 measured by NMR in calcite is higher than that inferred from δ11B which indicates a coordination change from BO4 to BO3 upon boron incorporation in the solid. Overall, this study shows that although the observed differences in δ11B between inorganic and biological aragonite are compatible with a pH increase at calcification sites, the B speciation and isotope composition of biological calcites call for a

Improvement of Ohmic contact to p-GaN by controlling the residual carbon concentration in p++-GaN layer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liang, Feng; Zhao, Degang; Jiang, Desheng; Liu, Zongshun; Zhu, Jianjun; Chen, Ping; Yang, Jing; Liu, Wei; Li, Xiang; Liu, Shuangtao; Xing, Yao; Zhang, Liqun; Yang, Hui; Long, Heng; Li, Mo

2017-06-01

Growth conditions are used to control the residual carbon impurity incorporation in p++-GaN layers. Specific contact resistance (ρc) with various residual carbon concentrations has been investigated through the circular transmission line model (CTLM) method and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) analysis. A correlation between residual carbon and ρc indicates that incorporation of proper carbon impurity can be an advantage for Ohmic contact, although carbon can also act as a compensating donor to worsen the Ohmic contact at a very high concentration. Finally, ρc is improved to 6.80 × 10-5 Ω × cm2 with a carbon concentration of 8.3 × 1017 cm-3 in p++-GaN layer, when the growth temperature, pressure and flow rate of CP2Mg and TMGa are 940 °C, 100 Torr, 3 μmol/min and 28 μmol/min, respectively.

Relationship between release of LH and incorporation of tritiated thymidine in the anterior pituitary gland of the castrated male rat: effect of LHRH and its highly active analogue buserelin.

PubMed

Romano, M I; Machiavelli, G A; Alonso, G E; Burdman, J A

1986-01-01

Castration of the adult male rat significantly (P less than 0.01) increased the concentration of LH in serum and the incorporation of (3H) thymidine into the pituitary DNA. The administration of a single dose of LHRH or its analogue buserelin stimulated the release of LH but it did not modify (3H) thymidine incorporation. When multiple doses of LHRH or buserelin were injected, there was a significant (P less than 0.01) inhibition of LH release and also the incorporation of (3H) thymidine into the DNA of the anterior pituitary gland was significantly (P less than 0.01) diminished. These observations are compatible with the idea of the close relationship between hormonal release and DNA synthesis in the anterior pituitary gland of the rat.

The effects of a self-esteem program incorporated into health and physical education classes.

PubMed

Lai, Hsiang-Ru; Lu, Chang-Ming; Jwo, Jiunn-Chern; Lee, Pi-Hsia; Chou, Wei-Lun; Wen, Wan-Yu

2009-12-01

Self-esteem, a key construct of personality, influences thoughts, actions, and feelings. Adolescence is a critical stage to the development of self-esteem. Taiwan currently offers no self-esteem building curriculum in the public education system. Therefore, incorporating self-esteem-related teaching activities into the existing curriculum represents a feasible approach to enhance self-esteem in middle school students. This study aimed to explore the effects on junior high school students' self-esteem of a self-esteem program incorporated into the general health and physical education curriculum. A quasi-experimental research design was used, and 184 seventh-grade students at two junior high schools in Taipei City were randomly selected and separated into two groups. The experimental group received one 32-week self-esteem program incorporated into their regular health and physical education curriculum, which was administered in three 45-minute-session classes each week. The control group received the regular health and physical education with no specially designed elements. During the week before the intervention began and the week after its conclusion, each participant's global and academic, physical, social, and family self-esteem was assessed. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. For all participants, the experimental group was significantly superior to the control group in respect to physical self-esteem (p = .02). For girls, the experimental group was significantly superior to the control group in family self-esteem (p = .02). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of global self-esteem. This study provides preliminary evidence that incorporating self-esteem activities into the regular school health and physical education curriculum can result in minor effects in students' physical self-esteem and family self-esteem. Findings may provide teachers and school administrators with information to help them design

Mechanical, physico-chemical, and antimicrobial properties of gelatin-based film incorporated with catechin-lysozyme

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Microbial activity is a primary cause of deterioration in many foods and is often responsible for reduced quality and safety. Food-borne illnesses associated with E. coli O157:H7, S. aureus, S. enteritidis and L. monocytogenes are a major public health concern throughout the world. A number of methods have been employed to control or prevent the growth of these microorganisms in food. Antimicrobial packaging is one of the most promising active packaging systems for effectively retarding the growth of food spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanical, physico-chemical properties and inhibitory effects of the fish gelatin films against selected food spoilage microorganisms when incorporated with catechin-lysozyme. Results The effect of the catechin-lysozyme combination addition (CLC: 0, 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5%, w/v) on fish gelatin film properties was monitored. At the level of 0.5% addition, the CLC showed the greatest elongation at break (EAB) at 143.17% with 0.039 mm thickness, and the lowest water vapor permeability (WVP) at 6.5 x 10−8 g·mm·h-1·cm-2·Pa-1, whereas the control showed high tensile strength (TS) and the highest WVP. Regarding color attributes, the gelatin film without CLC addition gave the highest lightness (L* 91.95) but lowest in redness (a*-1.29) and yellowness (b* 2.25) values. The light transmission of the film did not significantly decrease and nor did film transparency (p>0.05) with increased CLC. Incorporating CLC could not affect the film microstructure. The solubility of the gelatin based film incorporated with CLC was not affected, especially at a high level of addition (p>0.05). Inhibitory activity of the fish gelatin film against E.coli, S.aureus, L. innocua and S. cerevisiae was concentration dependent. Conclusions These findings suggested that CLC incorporation can improve mechanical, physico-chemical, and antimicrobial properties of the resulting films, thus allowing the

Synthesis, characterization, swelling and dye adsorption properties of starch incorporated acrylic gels.

PubMed

Mandal, Bidyadhar; Ray, Samit Kumar

2015-11-01

Several hydrogels were prepared by a free radical polymerization of acrylic acid (AA), sodium acrylate (SA) and AA/hydroxy ethyl methacrylate (HEMA) in the presence of starch in water. These starch incorporated acrylic gels were prepared by varying the concentration of the initiator, monomer, crosslinker and the starch. The resulting gels were characterized by FTIR, SEM, XRD, DTA-TGA, pH at point zero charge (PZC), swelling and the diffusion in water. The gels showed high adsorption and removal% of Safranine T (ST) and Brilliant Cresyl Blue (BCB) dyes from water. The swelling and the adsorption data were fitted to different kinetic models and isotherms. Amongst the three kinds of gels, the starch incorporated sodium polyacrylate gel showed the highest adsorption of 9.7-85.3mg/L (97-61% removal) of BCB dye and 9.1-83mg/L (91-60% removal) of ST dye for a feed dye concentration of 10-140mg/L. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Engineering Monolignol p-Coumarate Conjugates into Poplar and Arabidopsis Lignins1

PubMed Central

Smith, Rebecca A.; Gonzales-Vigil, Eliana; Karlen, Steven D.; Park, Ji-Young; Lu, Fachuang; Wilkerson, Curtis G.; Samuels, Lacey; Ralph, John; Mansfield, Shawn D.

2015-01-01

Lignin acylation, the decoration of hydroxyls on lignin structural units with acyl groups, is common in many plant species. Monocot lignins are decorated with p-coumarates by the polymerization of monolignol p-coumarate conjugates. The acyltransferase involved in the formation of these conjugates has been identified in a number of model monocot species, but the effect of monolignol p-coumarate conjugates on lignification and plant growth and development has not yet been examined in plants that do not inherently possess p-coumarates on their lignins. The rice (Oryza sativa) p-COUMAROYL-Coenzyme A MONOLIGNOL TRANSFERASE gene was introduced into two eudicots, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and poplar (Populus alba × grandidentata), and a series of analytical methods was used to show the incorporation of the ensuing monolignol p-coumarate conjugates into the lignin of these plants. In poplar, specifically, the addition of these conjugates did not occur at the expense of the naturally incorporated monolignol p-hydroxybenzoates. Plants expressing the p-COUMAROYL-Coenzyme A MONOLIGNOL TRANSFERASE transgene can therefore produce monolignol p-coumarate conjugates essentially without competing with the formation of other acylated monolignols and without drastically impacting normal monolignol production. PMID:26511914

27 CFR 31.122 - Incorporation of business.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Incorporation of business... Requiring Registration As A New Business § 31.122 Incorporation of business. Where an individual or a firm engaged in business requiring registration under this part forms a corporation to take over and conduct...

Effects of Incorporation of Jackfruit Rind Powder on Chemical and Functional Properties of Bread

PubMed Central

Felli, Reza; Yang, Tajul Aris; Abdullah, Wan Nadiah Wan; Zzaman, Wahidu

2018-01-01

Nowadays, there is a rising interest towards consuming health beneficial food products. Bread–as one of the most popular food products–could be improved to ‘healthy bread’ by addition of ingredients high in protein, dietary fiber and low in calorie. Incorporating Jackfruit rind powder (JRP) as a by-product rich in dietary fiber in bread, could not only provide health beneficial bread products, but also lead to develop an environmental friendly technology by solving the problem of waste disposal of residues. In this study, addition of jackfruit rind powder (JRP) as a high dietary fiber and functional ingredient in bread was examined. The results showed that incorporation of JRP in bread improved functional properties of flour such as Oil Holding Capacity (OHC), Water Holding Capacity (WHC) and pasting properties. Addition of 5%, 10% and 15% of JRP in wheat flour caused significantly (p < 0.05) higher insoluble, soluble and total dietary fiber in flour and bread products. Results from proximate composition indicated that all breads substituted with JRP, contained significantly (p < 0.05) higher fiber, moisture and fat. Obtained results confirmed that the JRP has great potential in development of functional foods especially functional bread products. PMID:29644019

Effects of Incorporation of Jackfruit Rind Powder on Chemical and Functional Properties of Bread.

PubMed

Felli, Reza; Yang, Tajul Aris; Abdullah, Wan Nadiah Wan; Zzaman, Wahidu

2018-03-01

Nowadays, there is a rising interest towards consuming health beneficial food products. Bread-as one of the most popular food products-could be improved to 'healthy bread' by addition of ingredients high in protein, dietary fiber and low in calorie. Incorporating Jackfruit rind powder (JRP) as a by-product rich in dietary fiber in bread, could not only provide health beneficial bread products, but also lead to develop an environmental friendly technology by solving the problem of waste disposal of residues. In this study, addition of jackfruit rind powder (JRP) as a high dietary fiber and functional ingredient in bread was examined. The results showed that incorporation of JRP in bread improved functional properties of flour such as Oil Holding Capacity (OHC), Water Holding Capacity (WHC) and pasting properties. Addition of 5%, 10% and 15% of JRP in wheat flour caused significantly (p < 0.05) higher insoluble, soluble and total dietary fiber in flour and bread products. Results from proximate composition indicated that all breads substituted with JRP, contained significantly (p < 0.05) higher fiber, moisture and fat. Obtained results confirmed that the JRP has great potential in development of functional foods especially functional bread products.

X-RAY INDUCED INCORPORATION OF TRITIATED THYMIDINE INTO GRASSHOPPER NEUROBLAST CHROMOSOMES

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McGrath, R.A.

1962-01-01

Neuroblasts of the grasshopper Chortophage viridifasciata (De Geer) were used to study incorporation of tritiated thymidine (H/sub 3/Thd), a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) precursor, into chromosomes. Embryos were made into hanging drop cultures which contained H/sub 3/Thd and exposed to 32 or 250 r of x rays. Individual cells were identified and observed by bright field microscopy for periods of time which ranged from 15 min to 6 hrs after irradiation. At the end of the observation period embryos were either sectioned or made into squash preparations. In the former case preselected neuroblasts were reidentified: in the latter they were not.more » Results of observations of living neuroblasts in hanging drop cultures are presented. Autoradiograms were prepared for the assay of H/sub 3/Thd incorporation by grain counting methods. Information obtained from the autoradiograms is discussed. Results are interpreted as a reflection of repair of x-ray-damaged DNA. A correlation is suggested between detectable chromosome breakage, the normal DNA synthesis period, and labeling of delayed, stopped or reverted prophase neuroblasts. (M.P.G.)« less

Incorporating immigrants: integrating theoretical frameworks of adaptation.

PubMed

Treas, Judith

2015-03-01

To encourage research on immigrants and aging by analyzing theoretical commonalities in the two fields and identifying potential contributions of aging theories, specifically to the understanding of neglected age differences in the pace of immigrant incorporation. Survey of the historical development of assimilation theory and its successors and systematic comparison of key concepts in aging and immigrant incorporation theories. Studies of immigrants, as well as of the life course, trace their origins to the Chicago School at the turn of the 20th century. Today, both theoretical perspectives emphasize adaptation as a time-dependent, multidimensional, nonlinear, and multidirectional process. Immigrant incorporation theories have not fully engaged with a key concern of aging theory-why there are age differences. Insights from cognitive aging and developmental biology, life-span developmental psychology, and age stratification and the life course suggest explanations for age differences in the speed of immigrant incorporation. Theories of adaptation to aging and theories of immigrant incorporation developed so independently that they neglected the subject they have in common, namely, older immigrants. Because they address similar conceptual problems and share key assumptions, a productive dialogue between two vibrant fields is long overdue. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Effectiveness of strategies incorporating training and support of traditional birth attendants on perinatal and maternal mortality: meta-analysis.

PubMed

Wilson, Amie; Gallos, Ioannis D; Plana, Nieves; Lissauer, David; Khan, Khalid S; Zamora, Javier; MacArthur, Christine; Coomarasamy, Arri

2011-12-01

To assess the effectiveness of strategies incorporating training and support of traditional birth attendants on the outcomes of perinatal, neonatal, and maternal death in developing countries. Systematic review with meta-analysis. Medline, Embase, the Allied and Complementary Medicine database, British Nursing Index, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, BioMed Central, PsycINFO, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature database, African Index Medicus, Web of Science, Reproductive Health Library, and Science Citation Index (from inception to April 2011), without language restrictions. Search terms were "birth attend*", "traditional midwife", "lay birth attendant", "dais", and "comadronas". Review methods We selected randomised and non-randomised controlled studies with outcomes of perinatal, neonatal, and maternal mortality. Two independent reviewers undertook data extraction. We pooled relative risks separately for the randomised and non-randomised controlled studies, using a random effects model. We identified six cluster randomised controlled trials (n=138 549) and seven non-randomised controlled studies (n=72 225) that investigated strategies incorporating training and support of traditional birth attendants. All six randomised controlled trials found a reduction in adverse perinatal outcomes; our meta-analysis showed significant reductions in perinatal death (relative risk 0.76, 95% confidence interval 0.64 to 0.88, P<0.001; number needed to treat 35, 24 to 70) and neonatal death (0.79, 0.69 to 0.88, P<0.001; 98, 66 to 170). Meta-analysis of the non-randomised studies also showed a significant reduction in perinatal mortality (0.70, 0.57 to 0.84, p<0.001; 48, 32 to 96) and neonatal mortality (0.61, 0.48 to 0.75, P<0.001; 96, 65 to 168). Six studies reported on maternal mortality and our meta-analysis showed a non-significant reduction (three randomised trials, relative risk 0.79, 0.53 to 1.05, P=0

Concentration-Dependent Patterns of Leucine Incorporation by Coastal Picoplankton

PubMed Central

Alonso, Cecilia; Pernthaler, Jakob

2006-01-01

Coastal pelagic environments are believed to feature concentration gradients of dissolved organic carbon at a microscale, and they are characterized by pronounced seasonal differences in substrate availability for the heterotrophic picoplankton. Microbial taxa that coexist in such habitats might thus differ in their ability to incorporate substrates at various concentrations. We investigated the incorporation patterns of leucine in four microbial lineages from the coastal North Sea at concentrations between 0.1 and 100 nM before and during a spring phytoplankton bloom. Community bulk incorporation rates and the fraction of leucine-incorporating cells in the different populations were analyzed. Significantly fewer bacterial cells incorporated the amino acid before (13 to 35%) than during (23 to 47%) the bloom at all but the highest concentration. The incorporation rate per active cell in the prebloom situation was constant above 0.1 nM added leucine, whereas it increased steeply with substrate concentration during the bloom. At both time points, a high proportion of members of the Roseobacter clade incorporated leucine at all concentrations (55 to 80% and 86 to 94%, respectively). In contrast, the fractions of leucine-incorporating cells increased substantially with substrate availability in bacteria from the SAR86 clade (8 to 31%) and from DE cluster 2 of the Flavobacteria-Sphingobacteria (14 to 33%). The incorporation patterns of marine Euryarchaeota were between these extremes (30 to 56% and 48 to 70%, respectively). Our results suggest that the contribution of microbial taxa to the turnover of particular substrates may be concentration dependent. This may help us to understand the specific niches of coexisting populations that appear to compete for the same resources. PMID:16517664

49 CFR 572.130 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... in § 572.132. (3) SAE Recommended Practice J211/1, Rev. Mar 95 “Instrumentation for Impact Tests—Part 1—Electronic Instrumentation”, incorporated by reference in § 572.137; (4) SAE Recommended Practice J211/2, Rev. Mar 95 “Instrumentation for Impact Tests—Part 2—Photographic Instrumentation” incorporated...

49 CFR 572.130 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... in § 572.132. (3) SAE Recommended Practice J211/1, Rev. Mar 95 “Instrumentation for Impact Tests—Part 1—Electronic Instrumentation”, incorporated by reference in § 572.137; (4) SAE Recommended Practice J211/2, Rev. Mar 95 “Instrumentation for Impact Tests—Part 2—Photographic Instrumentation” incorporated...

49 CFR 572.130 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... in § 572.132. (3) SAE Recommended Practice J211/1, Rev. Mar 95 “Instrumentation for Impact Tests—Part 1—Electronic Instrumentation”, incorporated by reference in § 572.137; (4) SAE Recommended Practice J211/2, Rev. Mar 95 “Instrumentation for Impact Tests—Part 2—Photographic Instrumentation” incorporated...

Incorporation of Chlorine-36 into Ochratoxin A

PubMed Central

Wei, Ru-Dong; Strong, F. M.; Smalley, E. B.

1971-01-01

Incubation of Aspergillus ochraceus NRRL 3174 in a medium containing Na36Cl incorporated 36Cl into ochratoxin A. The highest incorporation (0.75 and 0.70%, respectively) was obtained when the radioactive chloride was added to the medium by the 2nd or 3rd day of incubation. Images PMID:5119199

Fusogenic activity of PEGylated pH-sensitive liposomes.

PubMed

Vanić, Zeljka; Barnert, Sabine; Süss, Regine; Schubert, Rolf

2012-06-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the fusogenic properties of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)ylated dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine/cholesteryl hemisuccinate (DOPE/CHEMS) liposomes. These pH-sensitive liposomes were prepared by incorporating two different PEG lipids: distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DSPE)-PEG₂₀₀₀ was mixed with the liposomal lipids using the conventional method, whereas sterol-PEG₁₁₀₀ was inserted into the outer monolayer of preformed vesicles. Both types of PEGylated liposomes were characterized and compared for their entrapment efficiency, zeta potential and size, and were tested in vitro for pH sensitivity by means of proton-induced leakage and membrane fusion activity. To mimic the routes of intracellular delivery, fusion between pH-sensitive liposomes and liposomes designed to simulate the endosomal membrane was studied. Our investigations confirmed that DOPE/CHEMS liposomes were capable of rapidly releasing calcein and of fusing upon acidification. However, after incorporation of DSPE-PEG₂₀₀₀ or sterol-PEG₁₁₀₀ into the membrane, pH sensitivity was significantly reduced; as the mol ratio of PEG-lipid was increased, the ability to fuse was decreased. Comparison between two different PEGylated pH-sensitive liposomes showed that only vesicles containing 0.6 mol% sterol-PEG₁₁₀₀ in the outer monolayer were still capable of fusing with the endosome-like liposomes and showing leakage of calcein at pH 5.5.

Effects of dietary saturated and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the incorporation of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids into blood lipids.

PubMed

Dias, C B; Wood, L G; Garg, M L

2016-07-01

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFA) are better absorbed when they are combined with high-fat meals. However, the role of different dietary fats in modulating the incorporation of n-3PUFA in blood lipids in humans has not been previously explored. Omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6PUFA) are known to compete with n-3PUFA in the metabolic pathways and for the incorporation into phospholipids, whereas saturated fats (SFA) may enhance n-3PUFA incorporation into tissues. In a randomized parallel-design trial, we aimed to investigate the long-term effects of n-3PUFA supplementation in subjects consuming a diet enriched with either SFA or n-6PUFA on fatty acid incorporation into plasma and erythrocytes and on blood lipid profiles (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides). Dietary supplementation with n-3PUFA co-administered with SFA for 6 weeks resulted in a significant rise in total cholesterol (0.46±0.60 mmol/L; P=0.020) and LDL-C (0.48±0.48 mmol/L; P=0.011) in comparison with combination with n-6PUFA. The diet enriched with SFA also induced a greater increase in eicosapentaenoic acid (2.07±0.79 vs 1.15±0.53; P=0.004), a smaller decrease in docosapentaenoic acid (-0.12±0.23 vs -0.30±0.20; P=0.034) and a similar increase in docosahexaenoic acid (3.85±1.14 vs 3.10±1.07; P=0.128) percentage in plasma compared with the diet enriched with n-6PUFA. A similar effect was seen in erythrocytes. N-3PUFA supplementation resulted in similar changes in HDL-C and triglyceride levels. The results suggest that dietary substitution of SFA with n-6PUFA, despite maintaining low levels of circulating cholesterol, hinders n-3PUFA incorporation into plasma and tissue lipids.

43 CFR 34.7 - Incorporation by operation of law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2012-10-01 2011-10-01 true Incorporation by operation of law. 34.7... OPPORTUNITY DURING CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF THE ALASKA NATURAL GAS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM § 34.7 Incorporation by operation of law. (a) The Equal Opportunity Clause shall be deemed incorporated into every...

43 CFR 34.7 - Incorporation by operation of law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Incorporation by operation of law. 34.7... OPPORTUNITY DURING CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF THE ALASKA NATURAL GAS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM § 34.7 Incorporation by operation of law. (a) The Equal Opportunity Clause shall be deemed incorporated into every...

43 CFR 34.7 - Incorporation by operation of law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Incorporation by operation of law. 34.7... OPPORTUNITY DURING CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF THE ALASKA NATURAL GAS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM § 34.7 Incorporation by operation of law. (a) The Equal Opportunity Clause shall be deemed incorporated into every...

43 CFR 34.7 - Incorporation by operation of law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Incorporation by operation of law. 34.7... OPPORTUNITY DURING CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF THE ALASKA NATURAL GAS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM § 34.7 Incorporation by operation of law. (a) The Equal Opportunity Clause shall be deemed incorporated into every...

43 CFR 34.7 - Incorporation by operation of law.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Incorporation by operation of law. 34.7... OPPORTUNITY DURING CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF THE ALASKA NATURAL GAS TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM § 34.7 Incorporation by operation of law. (a) The Equal Opportunity Clause shall be deemed incorporated into every...

The potential of incorporation of binary salts and ionic liquid in P(VP-co-VAc) gel polymer electrolyte in electrochemical and photovoltaic performances

PubMed Central

Ming, Ng Hon; Ramesh, S.; Ramesh, K.

2016-01-01

In this study, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) has been assembled with poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (P(VP-co-VAc)) gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) which have been incorporated with binary salt and an ionic liquid. The potential of this combination was studied and reported. The binary salt system GPEs was having ionic conductivity and power conversion efficiency (PCE) that could reach up to 1.90 × 10−3 S cm−1 and 5.53%, respectively. Interestingly, upon the addition of the ionic liquid, MPII into the binary salt system the ionic conductivity and PCE had risen steadily up to 4.09 × 10−3 S cm−1 and 5.94%, respectively. In order to know more about this phenomenon, the electrochemical impedance studies (EIS) of the GPE samples have been done and reported. Fourier transform infrared studies (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) have also been studied to understand more on the structural and thermal properties of the GPEs. The Nyquist plot and Bodes plot studies have been done in order to understand the electrochemical properties of the GPE based DSSCs and Tafel polarization studies were done to determine the electrocatalytic activity of the GPE samples. PMID:27273020

Improving the efficiency of a poly(3-hexylthiophene)-CuInS2 photovoltaic device by incorporating graphene nanopowder

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumari, Anita; Singh, Inderpreet; Prasad, Neetu; Dixit, Shiv Kumar; Rao, Peta Koteswara; Bhatnagar, Pramod Kumar; Mathur, Parmatma Chandra; Bhatia, Charanjit Singh; Nagpal, Swati

2014-01-01

In the present work, the effect of incorporation of graphene on the poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):CuInS2 quantum dot (CIS QD)-based solar cell has been studied. For this purpose, the concentration of graphene is varied from 0 to 0.01% w/w in P3HT-CIS (1:0.5) film. It is found that graphene does not deteriorate the absorption of the composite film. It assists in dissociating the photogenerated excitons (both in P3HT and QDs) owing to its two-dimensional structure and high electron affinity as is evident by photoluminescence (PL) quenching. At 0.01% w/w concentration of graphene about ˜95% of PL is quenched. The electrical characteristics show that the incorporation of graphene enhances the efficiency of the device by establishing interconnected conducting pathways in the volume of polymer matrix. The maximum efficiency is observed to be 1.5% at 0.005% w/w content of graphene. However, at higher concentration, i.e., 0.01% w/w, the device starts deteriorating.

Improved cardiac management with a disease management program incorporating comprehensive lipid profiling.

PubMed

McAna, John F; Goldfarb, Neil I; Couto, Joseph; Henry, Michelle A; Piefer, Gary; Rapier, George M

2012-02-01

The objective of this study was to evaluate the improved effectiveness of a disease management treatment protocol incorporating comprehensive lipid profiling and targeted lipid care based on lipid profile findings in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) or congestive heart failure (CHF) enrolled in a managed care plan. This retrospective cohort study, conducted over a 2-year period, compared outcomes between patients with a standard lipid profile to those evaluated with a comprehensive lipid profile. All adult members of the WellMed Medical Management, Inc. managed care health plan diagnosed with IHD or CHF, and continuously enrolled between July 1, 2006 and June 30, 2008, were included in the study. Cases were defined as those who had at least 1 comprehensive lipid test (the VAP [vertical auto profile] ultracentrifuge test) during this period (n=1767); they were compared to those who had no lipid testing or traditional standard lipid testing only (controls, n=289). Univariate statistics were analyzed to describe the groups, and bivariate t tests or chi-squares examined differences between the 2 cohorts. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to control for potential confounders. The results show that the case group had lower total costs ($4852.62 vs. $7413.18; P=0.0255), fewer inpatient stays (13.1% vs. 18.3% of controls; P=0.0175) and emergency department visits (11.9% vs. 15.6% of controls; P=0.0832). Prescription use and frequency of lipid measurement suggested improved control resulting from a targeted approach to managing specific dyslipidemias. A treatment protocol incorporating a comprehensive lipid profile appears to improve care and reduce utilization and costs in a disease management program for cardiac patients.

Phenomenological constraints on A N in p ↑ p → π X from Lorentz invariance relations

DOE PAGES

Gamberg, Leonard; Kang, Zhong-Bo; Pitonyak, Daniel; ...

2017-04-27

Here, we present a new analysis of A N in p ↑ p → πX within the collinear twist-3 factorization formalism. We incorporate recently derived Lorentz invariance relations into our calculation and focus on input from the kinematical twist-3 functions, which are weighted integrals of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) functions. Particularly, we use the latest extractions of the Sivers and Collins functions with TMD evolution to compute certain terms in AN . Consequently, we are able to constrain the remaining contributions from the lesser known dynamical twist-3 correlators.

49 CFR 572.150 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...-Month-Old Infant, Alpha Version § 572.150 Incorporation by reference. (a) The following materials are... Drawings, Subpart R, CRABI 12-Month-Old Infant Crash Test Dummy (CRABI-12, Alpha version) August 2001” and... Infant Crash Test Dummy (CRABI-12, Alpha version) August 2001” incorporated by reference in § 572.155; (3...

49 CFR 572.150 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...-Month-Old Infant, Alpha Version § 572.150 Incorporation by reference. (a) The following materials are... Drawings, Subpart R, CRABI 12-Month-Old Infant Crash Test Dummy (CRABI-12, Alpha version) August 2001” and... Infant Crash Test Dummy (CRABI-12, Alpha version) August 2001” incorporated by reference in § 572.155; (3...

49 CFR 572.150 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...-Month-Old Infant, Alpha Version § 572.150 Incorporation by reference. (a) The following materials are... Drawings, Subpart R, CRABI 12-Month-Old Infant Crash Test Dummy (CRABI-12, Alpha version) August 2001” and... Infant Crash Test Dummy (CRABI-12, Alpha version) August 2001” incorporated by reference in § 572.155; (3...

Alternative Fuels Data Center: Blue Ridge Parkway Incorporates Alternative

Science.gov Websites

Fuels in Its Fleet Blue Ridge Parkway Incorporates Alternative Fuels in Its Fleet to someone by E-mail Share Alternative Fuels Data Center: Blue Ridge Parkway Incorporates Alternative Fuels in Its Fleet on Facebook Tweet about Alternative Fuels Data Center: Blue Ridge Parkway Incorporates Alternative

Synbiotic yogurt-ice cream produced via incorporation of microencapsulated lactobacillus acidophilus (la-5) and fructooligosaccharide.

PubMed

Ahmadi, Abbas; Milani, Elnaz; Madadlou, Ashkan; Mortazavi, Seyed Ali; Mokarram, Reza Rezaei; Salarbashi, Davoud

2014-08-01

Yogurt-ice cream is a nutritious product with a refreshing taste and durability profoundly longer than that of yogurt. The probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus (La-5) cells either in free or encapsulated form were incorporated into yog-ice cream and their survivability were studied. Fructooligosaccharide (FOS) as a prebiotic compound at three levels (0, 4 & 8 % w/w) was added to yogurt-ice cream mix and its effects on some chemical properties, overrun and firmness of product were evaluated. The higher the incorporated FOS concentration, the lower were the pH value and higher the total solid content of treatments. FOS incorporation (8 %) significantly increased the overrun of treatments and reduced their firmness. The viable counts of free probiotics decreased from ~9.55 to ~7.3 log cfu/g after 60 days of frozen storage while that of encapsulated cells merely decreased less than 1 log cycle. Encapsulation with alginate microbeads protected the probiotic cells against injuries in the freezing stage as well as, during frozen storage.

Carotenoid incorporation into microsomes: yields, stability and membrane dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Socaciu, Carmen; Jessel, Robert; Diehl, Horst A.

2000-12-01

The carotenoids β-carotene (BC), lycopene (LYC), lutein (LUT), zeaxanthin (ZEA), canthaxanthin (CTX) and astaxanthin (ASTA) have been incorporated into pig liver microsomes. Effective incorporation concentrations in the range of about 1-6 nmol/mg microsomal protein were obtained. A stability test at room temperature revealed that after 3 h BC and LYC had decayed totally whereas, gradually, CTX (46%), LUT (21%), ASTA (17%) and ZEA (5%) decayed. Biophysical parameters of the microsomal membrane were changed hardly by the incorporation of carotenoids. A small rigidification may occur. Membrane anisotropy seems to offer only a small tolerance for incorporation of carotenoids and seems to limit the achievable incorporation concentrations of the carotenoids into microsomes. Microsomes instead of liposomes should be preferred as a membrane model to study mutual effects of carotenoids and membrane dynamics.

Bi-enhanced N incorporation in GaAsNBi alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Occena, J.; Jen, T.; Rizzi, E. E.; Johnson, T. M.; Horwath, J.; Wang, Y. Q.; Goldman, R. S.

2017-06-01

We have examined the influence of bismuth (Bi) and nitrogen (N) fluxes on N and Bi incorporation during molecular-beam epitaxy of GaAs1-x-yNxBiy alloys. The incorporation of Bi is found to be independent of N flux, while the total N incorporation and the fraction of N atoms occupying non-substitutional lattice sites increase with increasing Bi flux. A comparison of channeling nuclear reaction analysis along the [100], [110], and [111] directions with Monte Carlo-Molecular Dynamics simulations indicates that the non-substitutional N primarily incorporate as (N-As)As interstitial complexes. We discuss the influence of Bi adatoms on the formation of arsenic-terminated [110]-oriented step-edges and the resulting enhancement in total N incorporation via the formation of additional (N-As)As.

Identification of novel inhibitors of calling and in vitro [14C]acetate incorporation by pheromone glands of Plodia interpunctella.

PubMed

Hirashima, A; Eiraku, T; Watanabe, Y; Kuwano, E; Taniguchi, E; Eto, M

2001-08-01

Some octopamine agonists were found to suppress in vitro biosynthesis of the calling pheromone of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella. Isolated pheromone-gland preparations incorporated sodium [14C]acetate at a linear rate for 3 h when incubated with the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (PBAN). This incorporation was dependent on the dose of PBAN (up to 0.5 microM). Thin-layer chromatography of a pheromone-gland extract revealed quantitative incorporation of radioactivity into a product exhibiting the same mobility as (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate, the main component of the calling pheromone of P interpunctella. Twenty-seven octopamine agonists were initially screened using a calling behaviour bioassay of female P interpunctella. Four derivatives with activity in the nanomolar range were identified which were, in order of decreasing pheromonostatic activity: 2-(2,6-diethylphenylimino)thiazolidine > 2-(2,6-diethylphenylimino)oxazolidine > 2-(2,6-dimethylphenylimino)thiazolidine > 2-(2-ethylphenylimino)oxazolidine. These compounds also showed in vitro inhibitory activity in intracellular de novo pheromone biosynthesis. The results of the present study indicate that these derivatives could provide useful information in the characterization and differentiation of octopaminergic receptor types and subtypes.

Growth rate dependence of boron incorporation into BxGa1-xAs layers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Detz, H.; MacFarland, D.; Zederbauer, T.; Lancaster, S.; Andrews, A. M.; Schrenk, W.; Strasser, G.

2017-11-01

This work provides a comprehensive study of the incorporation behavior of B in growing GaAs under molecular beam epitaxy conditions. Structural characterization of superlattices revealed a strong dependence of the BAs growth rate on the GaAs growth rate used. In general, higher GaAs growth rates lead to a higher apparent BAs growth rate, although lower B cell temperatures showed saturation behavior. Each B cell temperature requires a minimum GaAs growth rate for producing smooth films. The B incorporation into single thick layers was found to be reduced to 75-80% compared to superlattice structures. The p-type carrier densities in 1000 nm thick layers were found to be indirectly proportional to the B content. Furthermore, 500 nm thick BxGa1-xAs layers showed significantly lower carrier concentrations, indicating B segregation on the surface during growth of thicker layers.

Incorporation of an invasive plant into a native insect herbivore food web

PubMed Central

Santos Pimenta, Lúcia P.; Lammers, Youri; Steenbergen, Peter J.; Flohil, Marco; Beveridge, Nils G.P.; van Duijn, Pieter T.; Meulblok, Marjolein M.; Sosef, Nils; van de Ven, Robin; Werring, Ralf; Beentjes, Kevin K.; Meijer, Kim; Vos, Rutger A.; Vrieling, Klaas; Gravendeel, Barbara; Choi, Young; Verpoorte, Robert; Smit, Chris; Beukeboom, Leo W.

2016-01-01

The integration of invasive species into native food webs represent multifarious dynamics of ecological and evolutionary processes. We document incorporation of Prunus serotina (black cherry) into native insect food webs. We find that P. serotina harbours a herbivore community less dense but more diverse than its native relative, P. padus (bird cherry), with similar proportions of specialists and generalists. While herbivory on P. padus remained stable over the past century, that on P. serotina gradually doubled. We show that P. serotina may have evolved changes in investment in cyanogenic glycosides compared with its native range. In the leaf beetle Gonioctena quinquepunctata, recently shifted from native Sorbus aucuparia to P. serotina, we find divergent host preferences on Sorbus- versus Prunus-derived populations, and weak host-specific differentiation among 380 individuals genotyped for 119 SNP loci. We conclude that evolutionary processes may generate a specialized herbivore community on an invasive plant, allowing prognoses of reduced invasiveness over time. On the basis of the results presented here, we would like to caution that manual control might have the adverse effect of a slowing down of processes of adaptation, and a delay in the decline of the invasive character of P. serotina. PMID:27190702

76 FR 62123 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; C2 Options Exchange, Incorporated; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-06

... Organizations; C2 Options Exchange, Incorporated; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of a Proposed Rule Change To Amend C2 Rule 8.2 Concerning the Market-Maker Registration Cost for SPXPM September 30... Change The filing proposes to amend C2 rules relating to the Market-Maker registration cost for P.M...

Hydrothermally synthesized PEGylated calcium phosphate nanoparticles incorporating Gd-DTPA for contrast enhanced MRI diagnosis of solid tumors.

PubMed

Mi, Peng; Kokuryo, Daisuke; Cabral, Horacio; Kumagai, Michiaki; Nomoto, Takahiro; Aoki, Ichio; Terada, Yasuko; Kishimura, Akihiro; Nishiyama, Nobuhiro; Kataoka, Kazunori

2014-01-28

Organic-inorganic hybrid nanoparticles with calcium phosphate (CaP) core and PEGylated shell were developed to incorporate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid gadolinium (III) (Gd-DTPA) for noninvasive diagnosis of solid tumors. A two-step preparation method was applied to elaborate hybrid nanoparticles with a z-average hydrodynamic diameter about 80nm, neutral surface ξ-potential and high colloidal stability in physiological environments by self-assembly of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(aspartic acid) block copolymer, Gd-DTPA, and CaP in aqueous solution, followed with hydrothermal treatment. Incorporation into the hybrid nanoparticles allowed Gd-DTPA to show significant enhanced retention ratio in blood circulation, leading to high accumulation in tumor positions due to enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Moreover, Gd-DTPA revealed above 6 times increase of relaxivity in the nanoparticle system compared to free form, and eventually, selective and elevated contrast enhancements in the tumor positions were observed. These results indicate the high potential of Gd-DTPA-loaded PEGylated CaP nanoparticles as a novel contrast agent for noninvasive cancer diagnosis. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

THE DISTRIBUTION OF $sup 32$P IN RIBONUCLEIC ACID FROM NUCLEATE AND ANUCLEATE HALF CELLS OF AMOEBA PROTEUS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cummins, J.E.; Plaut, W.

1964-01-20

Nucleate and anucleate half cells of Amoeba proteus were labeled with STAP/sup 32/! orthophosphate and the distribution of P/sup 32/ among the labeled nucleotides was examined. Both nucleate and anucleate half cells were capable of incorporating orthophosphate into RNA. The anucleate half cell, however, incorporated P/sup 32/ at a slower rate than did the nucleate half cell and there was a diminution in the relative rate of P/sup 32/ incorporation into the anucleate half cell with time after enucleation. Irrespective of the rate of P/ sup 32/ incorporation the distribution of P/sup 32/ label among the nucleotides of RNA followingmore » alkaline degradation was not significantly different between the ribonucleotides in anucleate and nucleate half cells. Several methods of RNA preparation demonstrated that the orthophosphate incorporation was in fact attributable to a polyribonucleotide. It was further shown that the radioactivity was primarily associated with 2/,3'-nucleotides following alkaline degradation of the labeled RNA, ruling out the possibility of a nucleotide- binding phenomenon. Filtration experiments suggested that the labeled cytoplasmic RNA was not bound to stable particles of a diameter greater than 50 m mu . Finally the half cells were fractionated by centrifugation and the distribution of P/sup 32/ in RNA of these fractions was analyzed. The fractionation experiments led us to conclude that RNA associated with the microsomes contains much of the label in nucleate and anucleate half cells. The RNA of the microsomes has similar distributions of P/sup 32/ in both nucleate and anucleate half cells and these distributions were similar to the total half-cell distributions of P/sup 32/. The soluble fractions of both half cells had distinctly different distributions of P/sup 32/ from the microsomal fractions and the soluble fractions of nucleate and anucleate half cells were different from each other. (auth)« less

p-Type and n-type doping of ZnSe: Effects of hydrogen incorporation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fisher, P. A.; Ho, E.; House, J. L.; Petrich, G. S.; Kolodziejski, L. A.; Walker, J.; Johnson, N. M.

1995-05-01

The hydrogenation behavior of p- and n-type ZnSe grown on GaAs by gas source molecular beam epitaxy (GSMBE) is presented. Recent advances in p-type doping, using a radio frequency (RF) plasma source with nitrogen, have led to the successful fabrication of blue/green light emitters based on the (Zn,Mg)(S,Se) material system grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). GSMBE replaces the high vapor pressure group VI elements with hydride gases which are amenable to regulation using precision mass flow controllers, and has the potential to deliver improved compositional control and reproducibility. We have found that the presence of hydrogen does not affect the electrical conductivity of ZnSe:Cl grown by GSMBE. In contrast, nitrogen-doped ZnSe is speculated to be electrically passivated by hydrogen for certain growth conditions as evidenced by: (1) coherent tracking of the hydrogen concentration with variations in the nitrogen concentration, which is measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and (2) indications of high resistivity determined by capacitance-voltage ( C-V) measurements. Conventional and rapid thermal annealing (RTA) have been investigated to modify the degree of hydrogen passivation.

Incorporation — A Solution to the Veterinarian's Income Tax Miseries?

PubMed Central

Rowan-Legg, P.K.

1980-01-01

This series of three articles discusses the new income tax rules regarding the incorporation of professionals in general and veterinarians in particular. It points out that while there may be some degree of tax saving or deferral achieved by incorporating, many provincial veterinary associations may not yet permit its members to incorporate. The incorporation of the nonprofessional aspects, however, should be carefully considered. PMID:7427853

Overview of Plant Incorporated Protectants

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

When assessing the potential risks of genetically engineered plant-incorporated protectants, EPA requires extensive studies examining numerous factors. Learn more about the history and process for regulating PIPs.

Bi-enhanced N incorporation in GaAsNBi alloys

DOE PAGES

Occena, J.; Jen, T.; Rizzi, E. E.; ...

2017-06-12

We have examined the influence of bismuth (Bi) and nitrogen (N) fluxes on N and Bi incorporation during molecular-beam epitaxy of GaAs 1-x-yN xBi y alloys. The incorporation of Bi is found to be independent of N flux, while the total N incorporation and the fraction of N atoms occupying non-substitutional lattice sites increase with increasing Bi flux. A comparison of channeling nuclear reaction analysis along the [100], [110], and [111] directions with Monte Carlo-Molecular Dynamics simulations indicates that the non-substitutional N primarily incorporate as (N-As) As interstitial complexes. We discuss the influence of Bi adatoms on the formation ofmore » arsenic-terminated [110]-oriented step-edges and the resulting enhancement in total N incorporation via the formation of additional (N-As) As.« less

Highly Stable and Red-Emitting Nanovesicles Incorporating Lipophilic Diketopyrrolopyrroles for Cell Imaging.

PubMed

Veciana, Jaume; Ardizzone, Antonio; Blasi, Davide; Grimaldi, Natascia; Sala, Santi; Ratera, Imma; Vona, Danilo; Rosspeintner, Arnulf; Punzi, Angela; Altamura, Emiliano; Vauthey, Eric; Farinola, Gianluca M; Ventosa, Nora

2018-06-05

Diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPPs) have recently attracted large interest as highly bright and photostable red-emitting molecules. However, their tendency to form non-fluorescent aggregates in water via the so-called Aggregation Caused Quenching (ACQ) effect is a major issue that limits their application under the microscope. In this work, two DPP molecules have been incorporated in the membrane of highly stable and water-soluble Quatsomes (QS, nanovesicles made by surfactants and sterols), allowing their nanostructuration in water limiting at the same time the ACQ effect. The obtained fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONs) showed superior structural homogeneity along with long-time colloidal and optical stability. A thorough one- (1P) and two-photon (2P) fluorescence characterization revealed the promising photophysical features of these fluorescent nanovesicles, which showed a high 1P and 2P brightness. Finally, the fluorescent QSs were used for the in vitro bioimaging of Saos-2 osteosarcoma cell lines, demonstrating their potential as nanomaterials for bioimaging applications. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Gold nanoparticle incorporated polymer/bioactive glass composite for controlled drug delivery application.

PubMed

Jayalekshmi, A C; Sharma, Chandra P

2015-02-01

The present study discusses the development of a biodegradable polymer encapsulated-nanogold incorporated-bioactive glass composite (AuPBG) by a low-temperature method. The composite was analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetry (TG), fluorescence and dissolution analysis. The composite exhibited aggregation behaviour in solid and solution states and exhibited negative zeta potential (-13.3 ± 1.4 mV). The composite exhibited fast degradation starting from the 5(th) day onwards in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for a period of 14 days. The composite showed fluorescence quenching effect at pH 7 and the fluorescence recovered at pH 5. The composite has been found to be suitable for the release of doxorubicin at high rates at acidic pH (∼ 5) which is the intracellular pH of tumour cells. The drug loading ratio is also high and it exhibited a controlled release for a period of 8 days in PBS. The system serves as a promising material for targeted drug delivery applications. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Physical and Antimicrobial Properties of Starch-PVA Blend Films as Affected by the Incorporation of Natural Antimicrobial Agents

PubMed Central

Cano, Amalia; Cháfer, Maite; Chiralt, Amparo; González-Martínez, Chelo

2015-01-01

In this work, active films based on starch and PVA (S:PVA ratio of 2:1) were developed by incorporating neem (NO) and oregano essential oils (OEO). First, a screening of the antifungal effectiveness of different natural extracts (echinacea, horsetail extract, liquid smoke and neem seed oil) against two fungus (P. expansum and A. niger) was carried out. The effect of NO and OEO incorporation on the films’ physical and antimicrobial properties was analyzed. Only composite films containing OEO exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activity. Antibacterial activity occurred at low OEO concentration (6.7%), while antifungal effect required higher doses of OEO in the films. Incorporation of oils did not notably affect the water sorption capacity and water vapor barrier properties of S-PVA films, but reduced their transparency and gloss, especially at the highest concentrations. The mechanical response of the S-PVA films was also negatively affected by oil incorporation but this was only relevant at the highest oil ratio (22%). S-PVA films with 6.7% of OEO exhibited the best physical properties, without significant differences with respect to the S-PVA matrix, while exhibiting antibacterial activity. Thus, the use of OEO as a natural antimicrobial incorporated into starch-PVA films represents a good and novel alternative in food packaging applications. PMID:28231098

Adenoviral vectors elicit humoral immunity against variable loop 2 of clade C HIV-1 gp120 via "Antigen Capsid-Incorporation" strategy.

PubMed

Gu, Linlin; Krendelchtchikova, Valentina; Krendelchtchikov, Alexandre; Farrow, Anitra L; Derdeyn, Cynthia A; Matthews, Qiana L

2016-01-01

Adenoviral (Ad) vectors in combination with the "Antigen Capsid-Incorporation" strategy have been applied in developing HIV-1 vaccines, due to the vectors׳ abilities in incorporating and inducing immunity of capsid-incorporated antigens. Variable loop 2 (V2)-specific antibodies were suggested in the RV144 trial to correlate with reduced HIV-1 acquisition, which highlights the importance of developing novel HIV-1 vaccines by targeting the V2 loop. Therefore, the V2 loop of HIV-1 has been incorporated into the Ad capsid protein. We generated adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) vectors displaying variable loop 2 (V2) of HIV-1 gp120, with the "Antigen Capsid-Incorporation" strategy. To assess the incorporation capabilities on hexon hypervariable region1 (HVR1) and protein IX (pIX), 20aa or full length (43aa) of V2 and V1V2 (67aa) were incorporated, respectively. Immunizations with the recombinant vectors significantly generated antibodies against both linear and discontinuous V2 epitopes. The immunizations generated durable humoral immunity against V2. This study will lead to more stringent development of various serotypes of adenovirus-vectored V2 vaccine candidates, based on breakthroughs regarding the immunogenicity of V2. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Inhibition of p53 acetylation by INHAT subunit SET/TAF-Iβ represses p53 activity

PubMed Central

Kim, Ji-Young; Lee, Kyu-Sun; Seol, Jin-Ee; Yu, Kweon; Chakravarti, Debabrata; Seo, Sang-Beom

2012-01-01

The tumor suppressor p53 responds to a wide variety of cellular stress signals. Among potential regulatory pathways, post-translational modifications such as acetylation by CBP/p300 and PCAF have been suggested for modulation of p53 activity. However, exactly how p53 acetylation is modulated remains poorly understood. Here, we found that SET/TAF-Iβ inhibited p300- and PCAF-mediated p53 acetylation in an INHAT (inhibitor of histone acetyltransferase) domain-dependent manner. SET/TAF-Iβ interacted with p53 and repressed transcription of p53 target genes. Consequently, SET/TAF-Iβ blocked both p53-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to cellular stress. Using different apoptosis analyses, including FACS, TUNEL and BrdU incorporation assays, we also found that SET/TAF-Iβ induced cellular proliferation via inhibition of p53 acetylation. Furthermore, we observed that apoptotic Drosophila eye phenotype induced by either dp53 overexpression or UV irradiation was rescued by expression of dSet. Inhibition of dp53 acetylation by dSet was observed in both cases. Our findings provide new insights into the regulation of stress-induced p53 activation by HAT-inhibiting histone chaperone SET/TAF-Iβ. PMID:21911363

Inhibition of p53 acetylation by INHAT subunit SET/TAF-Iβ represses p53 activity.

PubMed

Kim, Ji-Young; Lee, Kyu-Sun; Seol, Jin-Ee; Yu, Kweon; Chakravarti, Debabrata; Seo, Sang-Beom

2012-01-01

The tumor suppressor p53 responds to a wide variety of cellular stress signals. Among potential regulatory pathways, post-translational modifications such as acetylation by CBP/p300 and PCAF have been suggested for modulation of p53 activity. However, exactly how p53 acetylation is modulated remains poorly understood. Here, we found that SET/TAF-Iβ inhibited p300- and PCAF-mediated p53 acetylation in an INHAT (inhibitor of histone acetyltransferase) domain-dependent manner. SET/TAF-Iβ interacted with p53 and repressed transcription of p53 target genes. Consequently, SET/TAF-Iβ blocked both p53-mediated cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in response to cellular stress. Using different apoptosis analyses, including FACS, TUNEL and BrdU incorporation assays, we also found that SET/TAF-Iβ induced cellular proliferation via inhibition of p53 acetylation. Furthermore, we observed that apoptotic Drosophila eye phenotype induced by either dp53 overexpression or UV irradiation was rescued by expression of dSet. Inhibition of dp53 acetylation by dSet was observed in both cases. Our findings provide new insights into the regulation of stress-induced p53 activation by HAT-inhibiting histone chaperone SET/TAF-Iβ.

Physical, mechanical, and barrier properties of sodium alginate/gelatin emulsion based-films incorporated with canola oil

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Syarifuddin, A.; Hasmiyani; Dirpan, A.; Mahendradatta, M.

2017-12-01

The development of mixed emulsion-based films formed by sodium alginate/gelatin incorporated with canola oil can offer particular properties such as water vapor barrier properties. The different ratios of sodium alginate/gelatin and sodium alginate/gelatin emulsion-based films incorporated with canola oil were developed and their effects on films’ physical, mechanical and barrier properties were assessed. Here we set out to examine whether canola oil addition and different ratio of sodium alginate/gelatin modified physical, mechanical, and barrier properties of films. To do so, the films were prepared by vary the ratio of sodium alginate/gelatin (2.5, 1, 0.5). Canola oil addition induced changes in moisture content, thickness, solubility, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), percent elongation at break (p<0.05). In addition, it is apparent that varying ratio of sodium alginate to gelatin induced change the mechanical properties of films. The reduction of sodium alginate to gelatin decreased the tensile strength of both films. Improved values of WVTR, tensile strength and solubility at break were observed when the ratio of sodium alginate/gelatin emulsion film incorporated with canola oil was 2.5. Therefore, different ratio of sodium alginate/gelatin incorporated with canola oil can be used to tailor emulsion films with enhanced water vapor barrier and mechanical properties.

Sensitivity of sea urchin fertilization to pH varies across a natural pH mosaic.

PubMed

Kapsenberg, Lydia; Okamoto, Daniel K; Dutton, Jessica M; Hofmann, Gretchen E

2017-03-01

In the coastal ocean, temporal fluctuations in pH vary dramatically across biogeographic ranges. How such spatial differences in pH variability regimes might shape ocean acidification resistance in marine species remains unknown. We assessed the pH sensitivity of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus in the context of ocean pH variability. Using unique male-female pairs, originating from three sites with similar mean pH but different variability and frequency of low pH (pH T  ≤ 7.8) exposures, fertilization was tested across a range of pH (pH T 7.61-8.03) and sperm concentrations. High fertilization success was maintained at low pH via a slight right shift in the fertilization function across sperm concentration. This pH effect differed by site. Urchins from the site with the narrowest pH variability regime exhibited the greatest pH sensitivity. At this site, mechanistic fertilization dynamics models support a decrease in sperm-egg interaction rate with decreasing pH. The site differences in pH sensitivity build upon recent evidence of local pH adaptation in S. purpuratus and highlight the need to incorporate environmental variability in the study of global change biology.

46 CFR 95.01-2 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, incorporation by reference approved for § 95.30-1. (2... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS FIRE... Specification for International Shore Connections for Marine Fire Applications, incorporation by reference...

46 CFR 193.01-3 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, incorporation by reference approved for § 193.30-1. (2... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS FIRE... Specification for International Shore Connections for Marine Fire Applications, incorporation by reference...

46 CFR 193.01-3 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, incorporation by reference approved for § 193.30-1. (2... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VESSELS FIRE... Specification for International Shore Connections for Marine Fire Applications, incorporation by reference...

46 CFR 95.01-2 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, incorporation by reference approved for § 95.30-1. (2... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS FIRE... Specification for International Shore Connections for Marine Fire Applications, incorporation by reference...

Potentiation of pH-sensitive polymer-modified liposomes with cationic lipid inclusion as antigen delivery carriers for cancer immunotherapy.

PubMed

Yoshizaki, Yuta; Yuba, Eiji; Sakaguchi, Naoki; Koiwai, Kazunori; Harada, Atsushi; Kono, Kenji

2014-09-01

Cationic lipid-incorporated liposomes modified with pH-sensitive polymers were prepared by introducing 3, 5-didodecyloxybenzamidine as a cationic lipid to egg yolk phosphatidylcholine liposomes modified with 3-methylglutarylated hyperbranched poly(glycidol) (MGlu-HPG) as a pH-sensitive polymer. These liposomes were stable at neutral pH, but were destabilized below pH 6.0 because MGlu-HPG changed its characteristics from hydrophilic to hydrophobic in response to the pH decrease. Cationic lipid inclusion improved their pH sensitivity at weakly acidic pH and association of liposomes with murine dendritic cell (DC) lines. Cationic lipid-incorporated liposomes delivered entrapped ovalbumin (OVA) molecules not only to cytosol but also to endosome/lysosome. Treatment with cationic lipid-incorporated liposomes induced up-regulation of antigen presentation-involved molecules on DCs, the promotion of cytokine production, and antigen presentation via both major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II molecules. Especially, antigen presentation via MHC class II was promoted by cationic lipid inclusion, which might correspond to efficient endosome/lysosome delivery of OVA. Subcutaneous administration of OVA-loaded cationic lipid-incorporated liposomes induced antigen-specific antibody production in serum and Th1-dominant immune responses in the spleen. Furthermore, administration of the cationic lipid-incorporated liposomes to mice bearing E.G7-OVA tumor more significantly reduced the tumor volume than liposomes without cationic lipids. Therefore, cationic lipid inclusion into pH-sensitive polymer-modified liposomes, which can achieve both efficient antigen intracellular delivery and activation of antigen presenting cell, is an effective approach to develop antigen carriers for efficient cancer immunotherapy. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Incorporating seismic phase correlations into a probabilistic model of global-scale seismology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arora, Nimar

2013-04-01

We present a probabilistic model of seismic phases whereby the attributes of the body-wave phases are correlated to those of the first arriving P phase. This model has been incorporated into NET-VISA (Network processing Vertically Integrated Seismic Analysis) a probabilistic generative model of seismic events, their transmission, and detection on a global seismic network. In the earlier version of NET-VISA, seismic phase were assumed to be independent of each other. Although this didn't affect the quality of the inferred seismic bulletin, for the most part, it did result in a few instances of anomalous phase association. For example, an S phase with a smaller slowness than the corresponding P phase. We demonstrate that the phase attributes are indeed highly correlated, for example the uncertainty in the S phase travel time is significantly reduced given the P phase travel time. Our new model exploits these correlations to produce better calibrated probabilities for the events, as well as fewer anomalous associations.

46 CFR 98.30-2 - Incorporation by Reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION, ARRANGEMENT, AND OTHER PROVISIONS FOR CERTAIN DANGEROUS CARGOES IN BULK Portable Tanks and Intermediate Bulk Containers § 98.30-2 Incorporation by Reference. (a) Certain material is incorporated by...

77 FR 73265 - Airworthiness Directives; Erickson Air-Crane Incorporated Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-10

... Airworthiness Directives; Erickson Air-Crane Incorporated Helicopters AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration... Erickson Air-Crane Incorporated (Erickson) Model S-64F helicopters. This AD requires inspecting for... service information identified in this AD, contact Erickson Air-Crane Incorporated, ATTN: Chris Erickson...

pH-responsive drug delivery system based on AIE luminogen functionalized layered zirconium phosphate nano-platelets

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, Dongdong, E-mail: lidongdong@jlu.edu.cn; Zhang, Yuping; Zhou, Bingbing

2015-05-15

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) luminogen, quaternary tetraphenylethene cation (TPEN), was successfully incorporated into layered α-zirconium phosphate (α-ZrP) by using co-precipitation method to form inorganic–organic hybrid materials. The obtained materials show the characteristic hexagonal platelet shape with the interlayer distance did not reveal significant difference compared with pure α-ZrP. In addition, the obtained hybrid materials emit strong blue emission centered at 476 nm in aqueous media due to the electrostatic interactions of TPEN with the anionic framework of α-ZrP, which largely restrict their intramolecular rotation. More importantly, the materials provide a pH dependent release of doxorubicin (DOX), suggesting that AIE luminogen functionalizedmore » α-ZrP may be used as an imaging guided and pH-responsive delivery system for targeting therapy. - Graphical abstract: AIE luminogen was successfully incorporated into layered α-zirconium phosphate by a co-precipitation method to form inorganic–organic hybrid materials, showing a pH dependent release of DOX. - Highlights: • AIE luminogen cation was incorporated into layered α-ZrP by co-precipitation method. • The obtained material emits strong blue emission upon UV irradiation. • The material exhibits pH dependent release of DOX. • The AIE functionalized α-ZrP has potential applications in imaging guided therapy.« less

Thermoelectric transport properties of PbTe-based composites incorporated with Cu2Se nano-inclusions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Haifeng; Xin, Hongxing; Qin, Xiaoying; Jian, Zhang; Li, Di; Li, Yuanyue; Li, Cong

2016-02-01

Thermoelectric transport properties of Lead telluride (PbTe)-based composites incorporated with Cuprous selenide (Cu2Se) nano-inclusions were investigated from 300 K to 800 K. Here, except for the transition from p-type to n-type conduction that occurs in pristine PbTe at ~530 K due to the difference of mobility between thermally electron and hole at high temperature, another transition from p-type to n-type conduction at 300 K with an increasing proportion of Cu2Se could be due to the donor levels introduced by defects and unsaturated bonds at the interfaces. Moreover, by incorporating a small proportion (5 vol.%) of Cu2Se nanoparticles into the PbTe matrix to form nano-composites, both a reduction (~55%) in lattice thermal conductivity and an enhanced electrical conductivity compared with that of pristine PbTe are obtained, which allows the thermoelectric power factor to reach a larger value (~11.2 μW cm-1 K-2). Consequently, a maximum value ZT  =  0.91 is obtained at 760 K in the PbTe-5 vol.% Cu2Se sample.

Dual-fluorophore Raspberry-like Nanohybrids for Ratiometric pH Sensing.

PubMed

Acquah, Isaac; Roh, Jinkyu; Ahn, Dong June

2017-07-18

We report on the development of raspberry-like silica structures formed by the adsorption of 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate (HPTS)@silica nanoparticles (NPs) on rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RBTIC)@silica NPs for ratiometric fluorescence-based pH sensing. To overcome the well-known problem of dye leaching which occurs during encapsulation of anionic HPTS dye in silica NPs, we utilized a polyelectrolyte-assisted incorporation of the anionic HPTS. The morphological and optical characterization of the as-synthesized dye-doped NPs and the resulting nanohybrids were carried out. The pH-sensitive dye, HPTS, incorporated in the HPTS-doped silica NPs provided a pH-dependent fluorescence response while the RBITC-doped silica provided the reference signal for ratiometric sensing. We evaluated the effectiveness of the nanohybrids for pH sensing; the ratio of the fluorescence emission intensity at 510 nm and 583 nm at excitation wavelengths of 454 nm and 555 nm, respectively. The results showed a dynamic response in the acidic pH range. With this approach, nanohybrids containing different dyes or receptors could be developed for multifunctioning and multiplexing applications. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

46 CFR 160.176-4 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... and Elongation, Breaking of Woven Cloth; Grab Method, incorporation by reference approved for § 160.176-13. (ii) Method 5132, Strength of Cloth, Tearing; Falling-Pendulum Method, incorporation by reference approved for § 160.176-13. (iii) Method 5134, Strength of Cloth, Tearing; Tongue Method...

46 CFR 160.176-4 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... and Elongation, Breaking of Woven Cloth; Grab Method, incorporation by reference approved for § 160.176-13. (ii) Method 5132, Strength of Cloth, Tearing; Falling-Pendulum Method, incorporation by reference approved for § 160.176-13. (iii) Method 5134, Strength of Cloth, Tearing; Tongue Method...

Incorporating New Technologies for 21st Century Toxicity ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Presentation at the GlobalChem conference in Washington, DC on Incorporating New Technologies for 21st Century Toxicity Testing and Risk Assessment Presentation at the GlobalChem conference in Washington, DC on Incorporating New Technologies for 21st Century Toxicity Testing and Risk Assessment

46 CFR 62.05-1 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 62.05-1 Section 62.05-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING VITAL SYSTEM AUTOMATION Reference Specifications § 62.05-1 Incorporation by reference. (a) Certain material is...

24 CFR 100.201a - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... FAIR HOUSING DISCRIMINATORY CONDUCT UNDER THE FAIR HOUSING ACT Prohibition Against Discrimination Because of Handicap § 100.201a Incorporation by reference. (a) The following standards are incorporated by... Handicapped People, 1986 edition, (ANSI A117.1-1986) may be obtained from Global Engineering Documents, 15...

24 CFR 100.201a - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... FAIR HOUSING DISCRIMINATORY CONDUCT UNDER THE FAIR HOUSING ACT Prohibition Against Discrimination Because of Handicap § 100.201a Incorporation by reference. (a) The following standards are incorporated by... Handicapped People, 1986 edition, (ANSI A117.1-1986) may be obtained from Global Engineering Documents, 15...

24 CFR 100.201a - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... FAIR HOUSING DISCRIMINATORY CONDUCT UNDER THE FAIR HOUSING ACT Prohibition Against Discrimination Because of Handicap § 100.201a Incorporation by reference. (a) The following standards are incorporated by... Handicapped People, 1986 edition, (ANSI A117.1-1986) may be obtained from Global Engineering Documents, 15...

24 CFR 100.201a - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... FAIR HOUSING DISCRIMINATORY CONDUCT UNDER THE FAIR HOUSING ACT Prohibition Against Discrimination Because of Handicap § 100.201a Incorporation by reference. (a) The following standards are incorporated by... Handicapped People, 1986 edition, (ANSI A117.1-1986) may be obtained from Global Engineering Documents, 15...

46 CFR 160.010-1 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 160.010-1 Section 160.010-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) EQUIPMENT, CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Buoyant Apparatus for Merchant Vessels § 160.010-1 Incorporation...

Dopant Adsorption and Incorporation at Irradiated GaN Surfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Qiang; Selloni, Annabella; Myers, Thomas; Doolittle, W. Alan

2006-03-01

Mg and O are two of the common dopants in GaN, but, in spite of extensive investigation, the atomic scale understanding of their adsorption and incorporation is still incomplete. In particular, high-energy electron irradiation, such as occurring during RHEED, has been reported to have an important effect on the incorporation of these impurities, but no study has addressed the detailed mechanisms of this effect yet. Here we use DFT calculations to study the adsorption and incorporation of Mg and O at the Ga- and N-polar GaN surfaces under various Ga, Mg and O coverage conditions as well as in presence of light or electron beam-induced electronic excitation. We find that the adsorption and incorporation of the two impurities have opposite surface polarity dependence: substitutional Mg prefers to incorporate at the GaN(0001) surface, while O prefers to adsorb and incorporate at the N-polar surface. In addition, our results indicate that in presence of light irradiation the tendency of Mg to surface-segregate is reduced. The O adsorption energy on the N-polar surface is also significantly reduced, consistent with the experimental observation of a much smaller concentration of oxygen in the irradiated samples.

Improved InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes with a p-GaN/n-GaN/p-GaN/n-GaN/p-GaN current-spreading layer.

PubMed

Zhang, Zi-Hui; Tan, Swee Tiam; Liu, Wei; Ju, Zhengang; Zheng, Ke; Kyaw, Zabu; Ji, Yun; Hasanov, Namig; Sun, Xiao Wei; Demir, Hilmi Volkan

2013-02-25

This work reports both experimental and theoretical studies on the InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with optical output power and external quantum efficiency (EQE) levels substantially enhanced by incorporating p-GaN/n-GaN/p-GaN/n-GaN/p-GaN (PNPNP-GaN) current spreading layers in p-GaN. Each thin n-GaN layer sandwiched in the PNPNP-GaN structure is completely depleted due to the built-in electric field in the PNPNP-GaN junctions, and the ionized donors in these n-GaN layers serve as the hole spreaders. As a result, the electrical performance of the proposed device is improved and the optical output power and EQE are enhanced.

Incorporating Duration Information in Activity Recognition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chaurasia, Priyanka; Scotney, Bryan; McClean, Sally; Zhang, Shuai; Nugent, Chris

Activity recognition has become a key issue in smart home environments. The problem involves learning high level activities from low level sensor data. Activity recognition can depend on several variables; one such variable is duration of engagement with sensorised items or duration of intervals between sensor activations that can provide useful information about personal behaviour. In this paper a probabilistic learning algorithm is proposed that incorporates episode, time and duration information to determine inhabitant identity and the activity being undertaken from low level sensor data. Our results verify that incorporating duration information consistently improves the accuracy.

12 CFR 611.1135 - Incorporation of service corporations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Incorporation of service corporations. 611.1135 Section 611.1135 Banks and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM ORGANIZATION Service Organizations § 611.1135 Incorporation of service corporations. (a) What is the process for chartering a service...

46 CFR 34.01-15 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Sprinkler Systems, incorporation by reference approved for § 34.30-1. (2) [Reserved] [USCG-2009-0702, 74 FR... Shore Connections for Marine Fire Applications, 1987, incorporation by reference approved for § 34.10-15. (2) [Reserved] (c) National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269...

10 CFR 431.15 - Materials incorporated by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... approval, and a notice of any change in the material will be published in the Federal Register. All... 10 Energy 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Materials incorporated by reference. 431.15 Section 431.15... INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT Electric Motors Test Procedures, Materials Incorporated and Methods of Determining...

pH Responsive Microcapsules for Corrosion Control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Calle, Luz Marina; Li, Wenyan; Muehlberg, Aaron; Boraas, Samuel; Webster, Dean; JohnstonGelling, Victoria; Croll, Stuart; Taylor, S Ray; Contu, Francesco

2008-01-01

The best coatings for corrosion protection provide not only barriers to the environment, but also a controlled release of a corrosion inhibitor, as demanded by the presence of corrosion or mechanical damage. NASA has developed pH sensitive microcapsules (patent pending) that can release their core contents when corrosion starts. The objectives of the research presented here were to encapsulate non-toxic corrosion inhibitors, to incorporate the encapsulated inhibitors into paint formulations, and to test the ability of the paints to control corrosion. Results showed that the encapsulated corrosion inhibitors, specifically Ce(NO3)3 , are effective to control corrosion over long periods of time when incorporated at relatively high pigment volume concentrations into a paint formulation.

Effectiveness of strategies incorporating training and support of traditional birth attendants on perinatal and maternal mortality: meta-analysis

PubMed Central

Wilson, Amie; Gallos, Ioannis D; Plana, Nieves; Lissauer, David; Khan, Khalid S; Zamora, Javier; MacArthur, Christine

2011-01-01

Objective To assess the effectiveness of strategies incorporating training and support of traditional birth attendants on the outcomes of perinatal, neonatal, and maternal death in developing countries. Design Systematic review with meta-analysis. Data sources Medline, Embase, the Allied and Complementary Medicine database, British Nursing Index, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, BioMed Central, PsycINFO, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature database, African Index Medicus, Web of Science, Reproductive Health Library, and Science Citation Index (from inception to April 2011), without language restrictions. Search terms were “birth attend*”, “traditional midwife”, “lay birth attendant”, “dais”, and “comadronas”. Review methods We selected randomised and non-randomised controlled studies with outcomes of perinatal, neonatal, and maternal mortality. Two independent reviewers undertook data extraction. We pooled relative risks separately for the randomised and non-randomised controlled studies, using a random effects model. Results We identified six cluster randomised controlled trials (n=138 549) and seven non-randomised controlled studies (n=72 225) that investigated strategies incorporating training and support of traditional birth attendants. All six randomised controlled trials found a reduction in adverse perinatal outcomes; our meta-analysis showed significant reductions in perinatal death (relative risk 0.76, 95% confidence interval 0.64 to 0.88, P<0.001; number needed to treat 35, 24 to 70) and neonatal death (0.79, 0.69 to 0.88, P<0.001; 98, 66 to 170). Meta-analysis of the non-randomised studies also showed a significant reduction in perinatal mortality (0.70, 0.57 to 0.84, p<0.001; 48, 32 to 96) and neonatal mortality (0.61, 0.48 to 0.75, P<0.001; 96, 65 to 168). Six studies reported on maternal mortality and our meta-analysis showed a non-significant reduction (three

Development of Approaches for Deuterium Incorporation in Plants

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Evans, Barbara R

2015-01-01

Soon after the discovery of deuterium, efforts to utilize this stable isotope of hydrogen for labeling of plants began and have proven successful for natural abundance to 20% enrichment. However, isotopic labeling with deuterium (2H) in higher plants at the level of 40% and higher is complicated by both physiological responses, particularly water exchange through transpiration, and inhibitory effects of D2O on germination, rooting, and growth. The highest incorporation of 40 50% had been reported for photoheterotrophic cultivation of the duckweed Lemna. Higher substitution is desirable for certain applications using neutron scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. 1H2H-NMR andmore » mass spectroscopy are standard methods frequently used for determination of location and amount of deuterium substitution. The changes in infrared (IR) absorption observed for H to D substitution in hydroxyl and alkyl groups provide rapid initial evaluation of incorporation. Short-term experiments with cold-tolerant annual grasses can be carried out in enclosed growth containers to evaluate incorporation. Growth in individual chambers under continuous air perfusion with dried sterile-filtered air enables long-term cultivation of multiple plants at different D2O concentrations. Vegetative propagation from cuttings extends capabilities to species with low germination rates. Cultivation in 50% D2O of annual ryegrass and switchgrass following establishment of roots by growth in H2O produces samples with normal morphology and 30 40 % deuterium incorporation in the biomass. Winter grain rye (Secale cereale) was found to efficiently incorporate deuterium by photosynthetic fixation from 50% D2O but did not incorporate deuterated phenylalanine-d8 from the growth medium.« less

Composites incorporated a conductive polymer nanofiber network

DOEpatents

Pozzo, Lilo Danielle; Newbloom, Gregory

2017-04-11

Methods of forming composites that incorporate networks of conductive polymer nanofibers are provided. Networks of less-than conductive polymers are first formed and then doped with a chemical dopant to provide networks of conductive polymers. The networks of conductive polymers are then incorporated into a matrix in order to improve the conductivity of the matrix. The formed composites are useful as conductive coatings for applications including electromagnetic energy management on exterior surfaces of vehicles.

Light Intensity Regulates LC-PUFA Incorporation into Lipids of Pavlova lutheri and the Final Desaturase and Elongase Activities Involved in Their Biosynthesis.

PubMed

Guihéneuf, Freddy; Mimouni, Virginie; Tremblin, Gérard; Ulmann, Lionel

2015-02-04

The microalga Pavlova lutheri is a candidate for the production of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA), due to its ability to accumulate both eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids. Outstanding questions need to be solved to understand the complexity of n-3 LC-PUFA synthesis and partitioning into lipids, especially its metabolic regulation, and which enzymes and/or abiotic factors control their biosynthesis. In this study, the radioactivity of 14 C-labeled arachidonic acid incorporated into the total lipids of P. lutheri grown under different light intensities and its conversion into labeled LC-PUFA were monitored. The results highlighted for the first time the light-dependent incorporation of LC-PUFA into lipids and the light-dependent activity of the final desaturation and elongation steps required to synthesize and accumulate n-3 C20/C22 LC-PUFA. The incorporation of arachidonic acid into lipids under low light and the related Δ17-desaturation activity measured explain the variations in fatty acid profile of P. lutheri, especially the accumulation of n-3 LC-PUFA such as EPA under low light conditions.

Iodine-129 and iodine-127 speciation in groundwater at the Hanford site, US: iodate incorporation into calcite.

PubMed

Zhang, Saijin; Xu, Chen; Creeley, Danielle; Ho, Yi-Fang; Li, Hsiu-Ping; Grandbois, Russell; Schwehr, Kathleen A; Kaplan, Daniel I; Yeager, Chris M; Wellman, Dawn; Santschi, Peter H

2013-09-03

The geochemical transport and fate of radioiodine depends largely on its chemical speciation that is greatly affected by environmental factors. This study reports, for the first time, the speciation of stable and radioactive iodine in the groundwater from the Hanford Site. Iodate was the dominant species and accounted for up to 84% of the total iodine present. The alkaline pH (pH ∼ 8) and predominantly oxidizing environment may have prevented reduction of the iodate. In addition, groundwater samples were found to have large amounts of calcite precipitate which were likely formed as a result of CO2 degassing during removal from the deep subsurface (>70m depth). Further analyses indicated that between 7 and 40% of the dissolved (127)I and (129)I that was originally in the groundwater had coprecipitated in the calcite. Iodate was the main species incorporated into calcite and this incorporation process could be impeded by elevating the pH and decreasing ionic strength in groundwater. This study provides critical information for predicting the long-term fate and transport of (129)I. Furthermore, the common sampling artifact resulting in the precipitation of calcite by degassing CO2, had the unintended consequence of providing insight into a potential solution for the in situ remediation of groundwater (129)I.

10 CFR 431.105 - Materials incorporated by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Storage Tanks Test Procedures § 431.105 Materials incorporated by reference. (a) The Department... Water Supply Boilers, and Unfired Hot Water Storage Tanks,” Docket No. EE-RM/TP-99-480, Forrestal... 10 Energy 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Materials incorporated by reference. 431.105 Section 431...

46 CFR 160.050-1 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 160.050-1 Section 160.050-1....050-1 Incorporation by reference. (a) Standard. This subpart makes reference to Federal Standard No... Service Center, General Services Administration, Washington, DC 20407. [USCG-1999-6216, 64 FR 53228, Oct...

49 CFR 393.7 - Matter incorporated by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J581, July 2004, incorporation by reference approved for § 393.24(b... Specification for Strapping, Flat Steel and Seals, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), D3953-97, February 1998, incorporation by reference approved for § 393.104(e). (19) Welded Steel Chain Specifications...

49 CFR 393.7 - Matter incorporated by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J581, July 2004, incorporation by reference approved for § 393.24(b... Specification for Strapping, Flat Steel and Seals, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), D3953-97, February 1998, incorporation by reference approved for § 393.104(e). (19) Welded Steel Chain Specifications...

49 CFR 393.7 - Matter incorporated by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J581, July 2004, incorporation by reference approved for § 393.24(b... Specification for Strapping, Flat Steel and Seals, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), D3953-97, February 1998, incorporation by reference approved for § 393.104(e). (19) Welded Steel Chain Specifications...

Incorporation of Viral Glycoprotein VSV-G Improves the Delivery of DNA by Erythrocyte Ghost into Cells Refractory to Conventional Transfection.

PubMed

Liu, Xin; Li, Yun-Pan; Zhong, Zhen-Min; Tan, Hui-Qi; Lin, Hao-Peng; Chen, Shao-Jun; Fu, Yu-Cai; Xu, Wen-Can; Wei, Chi-Ju

2017-02-01

The objective of this study was to formulate a novel gene delivery system based on the erythrocyte ghost (EG) integrated with fusogenic viral glycoprotein vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein G (VSV-G). VSV-G proteins were harvested as condition medium of Ad293 cells carrying a VSV-G transgene and then incorporated into EG. Plasmid DNA was condensed by various transfection reagents. A luciferase expression construct (pGL3-control) and a DsRed expression cassette (pCMV-DsRed) were used to evaluate the delivery efficiency of DNA/EG/VSV-G complexes. VSV-G proteins could be incorporated into EG in static incubation under acidic conditions as evidenced by the Western blot analysis. Condensed plasmid DNA was bound mostly to the outer surface of EG, which could be detected by electromicroscopy and measured by electrophoresis. EG/VSV-G complexes stimulated the delivery of pGL3-control into Ad293 cells significantly with the luciferase activity increased about 4-fold as compared to that of the control. The delivery of pCMV-DsRed was also enhanced with the percentage of DsRed-positive Ad293 cells increased from 55 % to about 80 %. Moreover, the transfection efficiency in 3T3, HeLa, INS-1, and bone marrow stem cell (BMSC) cells increased about 2-3-fold. Finally, confocal microscopy analysis showed that incorporation of VSV-G significantly enhanced the endocytosis of EG into target cells. In the present study, a novel type of non-viral DNA delivery vehicle consisting of EG and fusogenic VSV-G proteins was formulated, which showed superior transfection efficiency even in cells resistant to classical transfection.

Evaluation of various physico-chemical properties of Hibiscus sabdariffa and L. casei incorporated probiotic yoghurt.

PubMed

Rasdhari, M; Parekh, T; Dave, N; Patel, V; Subhash, R

2008-09-01

The present investigation was carried out to examine the effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa Calyx extract on the physico-chemical properties, sensory attributes, texture and microbial analysis of L. casei incorporated in probiotic yoghurt after manufacture and during storage. Incorporation of Hibiscus sabdariffa Calyx extract into the probiotic yoghurt resulted into decrease in coagulation time by 25 min. The pH ranged from 4.39 to 4.59, TA 0.81 to 1.14%, moisture 3.05 to 3.37 g%, syneresis 18.85 to 24.90 mL/50 g of sample, % inhibition 12.32 to 59.43, TS 21.27 to 24.90 g% and beta-galactosidase activity 1.041 to 3.277. The protein content ranged between 4.11 and 4.14 g% while the fat content ranged between 3.43 and 3.49 g%. No major changes in sensory evaluation were observed on the day of manufacture and during storage for 7 days. Sabdariffa added yoghurt showed a higher score in almost all sensory attributes. Microbial analysis showed a total plate count ranging from 1.8 x 10(4) to 1.85 x 10(7) cfu mL(-1). Yeast and mold counts were negligible in the Sabdariffa yoghurts. Thus the study concludes that incorporation of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract in yoghurt improved the total antioxidant property, organoleptic qualities and decreased the exudation of whey proteins (Syneresis). Thus, Hibiscus sabdariffa Calyces has beneficial influence on the quality of L. casei incorporated probiotic yoghurt.

12 CFR 611.1135 - Incorporation of service corporations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Incorporation of service corporations. 611.1135... Organizations § 611.1135 Incorporation of service corporations. (a) What is the process for chartering a service corporation? A Farm Credit bank or association (you or your) may organize a corporation acting alone or with...

12 CFR 611.1135 - Incorporation of service corporations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Incorporation of service corporations. 611.1135... Corporations § 611.1135 Incorporation of service corporations. (a) What is the process for chartering a service corporation? A Farm Credit bank or association (you or your) may organize a corporation acting alone or with...

12 CFR 611.1135 - Incorporation of service corporations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Incorporation of service corporations. 611.1135... Organizations § 611.1135 Incorporation of service corporations. (a) What is the process for chartering a service corporation? A Farm Credit bank or association (you or your) may organize a corporation acting alone or with...

12 CFR 611.1135 - Incorporation of service corporations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Incorporation of service corporations. 611.1135... Organizations § 611.1135 Incorporation of service corporations. (a) What is the process for chartering a service corporation? A Farm Credit bank or association (you or your) may organize a corporation acting alone or with...

49 CFR 393.7 - Matter incorporated by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Specification for Strapping, Flat Steel and Seals, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), D3953-97, February 1998, incorporation by reference approved for § 393.104(e). (19) Welded Steel Chain Specifications... Association, WSTDA-T1, 1998, incorporation by reference approved for § 393.104(e). (21) Wire Rope Users Manual...

49 CFR 393.7 - Matter incorporated by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Specification for Strapping, Flat Steel and Seals, American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), D3953-97, February 1998, incorporation by reference approved for § 393.104(e). (19) Welded Steel Chain Specifications... Association, WSTDA-T1, 1998, incorporation by reference approved for § 393.104(e). (21) Wire Rope Users Manual...

10 CFR 431.443 - Materials incorporated by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... the date of the approval and a notice of any change in the material will be published in the Federal... 10 Energy 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Materials incorporated by reference. 431.443 Section 431... AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT Small Electric Motors Test Procedures § 431.443 Materials incorporated by...

Development and characterization of bioactive edible films from spider crab (Maja crispata) chitosan incorporated with Spirulina extract.

PubMed

Balti, Rafik; Mansour, Mohamed Ben; Sayari, Nadhem; Yacoubi, Lamia; Rabaoui, Lotfi; Brodu, Nicolas; Massé, Anthony

2017-12-01

Active food packaging films based on crab chitosan and Spirulina extract (SE) were developed. The effects of the SE incorporation at different levels on physical (color, opacity water vapor and oxygen permeability) and mechanical (tensile strength and elongation at break) properties of chitosan films were investigated. FTIR was carried out to observe the potential modifications of the chitosan films when incorporated with SE. The obtained results suggested that incorporation of SE into chitosan films improved mechanical and barrier properties. The antioxidant activity of the chitosan/SE films was characterized by means of three different analytical assays (DPPH, FRAP and FIC). Crab chitosan edible films containing SE showed higher antioxidant activity, regardless concentrations and methods assayed. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity occurred in a concentration-dependent manner. The agar disc diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activities of chitosan edible films against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus. The chitosan/SE films were more effective (p<0.05) against five of the seven tested bacteria. The obtained crab chitosan edible films incorporated with SE showed great potential to be used for active food packaging due to its excellent antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Plant-Incorporated Protectants Data Symposium

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA held a public symposium on data that support registration of plant incorporated protectants (PIPs). It provided firsthand information on the scope of the scientific review process regarding the safety of PIPs and on the pesticide registration process.

Ursolic acid incorporation does not prevent the formation of a non-lamellar phase in pH-sensitive and long-circulating liposomes.

PubMed

Lopes, Sávia C A; Novais, Marcus V M; Ferreira, Diêgo S; Braga, Fernão C; Magalhães-Paniago, Rogério; Malachias, Ângelo; Oliveira, Mônica C

2014-12-23

Ursolic acid (UA) is a triterpene found in different plant species that has been shown to possess significant antitumor activity. However, UA presents a low water solubility, which limits its biological applications. In this context, our research group has proposed the incorporation of UA in long-circulating and pH-sensitive liposomes (SpHL-UA).These liposomes, composed of dioleylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHEMS), and distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine-polyethylene glycol2000 (DSPE-PEG2000), were shown to be very promising carriers for UA. Considering that the release of UA from SpHL-UA and its antitumor activity depend upon the occurrence of the lamellar to non-lamellar phase transition of DOPE, in the present work, the interactions of UA with the components of the liposomes were evaluated, aiming to clarify their role in the structural organization of DOPE. The study was carried out by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) under low hydration conditions. DSC studies revealed that DOPE phase transition temperatures did not shift significantly upon UA addition. On the other hand, in SAXS studies, a different pattern of DOPE phase organization was observed in the presence of UA, with the occurrence of the cubic phase Im3m at 20 °C and the cubic phase Pn3m at 60 °C. These findings suggest that UA interacts with the lipids and changes their self-assembly. However, these interactions between the lipids and UA were unable to eliminate the lamellar to non-lamellar phase transition, which is essential for the cytoplasmic delivery of UA molecules from SpHL-UA.

Calcium phosphate coatings modified with zinc- or copper- incorporation on Ti-40Nb alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Komarova, E. G.; Sedelnikova, M. B.; Sharkeev, Yu P.; Kazakbaeva, A. A.; Glukhov, I. A.; Khimich, M. A.

2017-05-01

The influence of the microarc oxidation parameters and electrolyte composition on the structure, properties and composition of CaP coatings modified with Zn- or Cu- incorporation on the Ti-40mas.%Nb (Ti-40Nb) alloy was investigated. The linear growth of thickness, roughness, and size of structural elements with process voltage increasing has been revealed. It was shown that the CaP coatings have the low contact angles with liquids and, consequently, high free surface energy. This indicates a high hydrophilicity of the coatings. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the coatings have X-ray amorphous structure. The increase of the process voltage leads to the formation of such crystalline phases as CaHPO4 and β-Ca2P2O7 in the coatings. The maximum Ca/P atomic ratio was equal to 0.4, and Zn or Cu contents was equal to 0.3 or 0.2 at.%, respectively.

Effect of Alumina Incorporation on the Surface Mineralization and Degradation of a Bioactive Glass (CaO-MgO-SiO2-Na2O-P2O5-CaF2)-Glycerol Paste

PubMed Central

Abdukayumov, Khasan; Ruzimuradov, Olim; Hojamberdiev, Mirabbos; Riedel, Ralf

2017-01-01

This study investigates the dissolution behavior as well as the surface biomineralization in simulated body fluid (SBF) of a paste composed of glycerol (gly) and a bioactive glass in the system CaO-MgO-SiO2-Na2O-P2O5-CaF2 (BG). The synthesis of the bioactive glass in an alumina crucible has been shown to significantly affect its bioactivity due to the incorporation of aluminum (ca. 1.3–1.4 wt %) into the glass network. Thus, the kinetics of the hydroxyapatite (HA) mineralization on the glass prepared in the alumina crucible was found to be slower than that reported for the same glass composition prepared in a Pt crucible. It is considered that the synthesis conditions lead to the incorporation of small amount of aluminum into the BG network and thus delay the HA mineralization. Interestingly, the BG-gly paste was shown to have significantly higher bioactivity than that of the as-prepared BG. Structural analysis of the paste indicate that glycerol chemically interacts with the glass surface and strongly alter the glass network architecture, thus generating a more depolymerized network, as well as an increased amount of silanol groups at the surface of the glass. In particular, BG-gly paste features early intermediate calcite precipitation during immersion in SBF, followed by hydroxyapatite formation after ca. seven days of SBF exposure; whereas the HA mineralization seems to be suppressed in BG, probably a consequence of the incorporation of aluminum into the glass network. The results obtained within the present study reveal the positive effect of using pastes based on bioactive glasses and organic carriers (here alcohols) which may be of interest not only due to their advantageous visco-elastic properties, but also due to the possibility of enhancing the glass bioactivity upon surface interactions with the organic carrier. PMID:29156541

Genetic incorporation of recycled unnatural amino acids.

PubMed

Ko, Wooseok; Kim, Sanggil; Jo, Kyubong; Lee, Hyun Soo

2016-02-01

The genetic incorporation of unnatural amino acids (UAAs) into proteins has been a useful tool for protein engineering. However, most UAAs are expensive, and the method requires a high concentration of UAAs, which has been a drawback of the technology, especially for large-scale applications. To address this problem, a method to recycle cultured UAAs was developed. The method is based on recycling a culture medium containing the UAA, in which some of essential nutrients were resupplemented after each culture cycle, and induction of protein expression was controlled with glucose. Under optimal conditions, five UAAs were recycled for up to seven rounds of expression without a decrease in expression level, cell density, or incorporation fidelity. This method can generally be applied to other UAAs; therefore, it is useful for reducing the cost of UAAs for genetic incorporation and helpful for expanding the use of the technology to industrial applications.

PEGylated and poloxamer-modified chitosan nanoparticles incorporating a lysine-based surfactant for pH-triggered doxorubicin release.

PubMed

Scheeren, Laís E; Nogueira, Daniele R; Macedo, Letícia B; Vinardell, M Pilar; Mitjans, Montserrat; Infante, M Rosa; Rolim, Clarice M B

2016-02-01

The growing demand for efficient chemotherapy in many cancers requires novel approaches in target-delivery technologies. Nanomaterials with pH-responsive behavior appear to have potential ability to selectively release the encapsulated molecules by sensing the acidic tumor microenvironment or the low pH found in endosomes. Likewise, polyethylene glycol (PEG)- and poloxamer-modified nanocarriers have been gaining attention regarding their potential to improve the effectiveness of cancer therapy. In this context, DOX-loaded pH-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) modified with PEG or poloxamer were prepared and the effects of these modifiers were evaluated on the overall characteristics of these nanostructures. Chitosan and tripolyphosphate were selected to form NPs by the interaction of oppositely charged compounds. A pH-sensitive lysine-based amphiphile (77KS) was used as a bioactive adjuvant. The strong dependence of 77KS ionization with pH makes this compound an interesting candidate to be used for the design of pH-sensitive devices. The physicochemical characterization of all NPs has been performed, and it was shown that the presence of 77KS clearly promotes a pH-triggered DOX release. Accelerated and continuous release patterns of DOX from CS-NPs under acidic conditions were observed regardless of the presence of PEG or poloxamer. Moreover, photodegradation studies have indicated that the lyophilization of NPs improved DOX stability under UVA radiation. Finally, cytotoxicity experiments have shown the ability of DOX-loaded CS-NPs to kill HeLa tumor cells. Hence, the overall results suggest that these pH-responsive CS-NPs are highly potent delivery systems to target tumor and intracellular environments, rendering them promising DOX carrier systems for cancer therapy. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

46 CFR 98.01-3 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 98.01-3 Section 98.01-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION, ARRANGEMENT, AND OTHER PROVISIONS FOR CERTAIN DANGEROUS CARGOES IN BULK General § 98.01-3 Incorporation by reference. (a) Certain...

46 CFR 98.01-3 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 98.01-3 Section 98.01-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION, ARRANGEMENT, AND OTHER PROVISIONS FOR CERTAIN DANGEROUS CARGOES IN BULK General § 98.01-3 Incorporation by reference. (a) Certain...

46 CFR 98.01-3 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 98.01-3 Section 98.01-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION, ARRANGEMENT, AND OTHER PROVISIONS FOR CERTAIN DANGEROUS CARGOES IN BULK General § 98.01-3 Incorporation by reference. (a) Certain...

Incorporating Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook in Economics Classrooms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Al-Bahrani, Abdullah; Patel, Darshak

2015-01-01

Social media is one of the most current and dynamic developments in education. In general, the field of economics has lagged behind other disciplines in incorporating technologies in the classroom. In this article, the authors provide a guide for economics educators on how to incorporate Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook inside and outside of the…

Computer simulation of immobilized pH gradients at acidic and alkaline extremes - A quest for extended pH intervals

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mosher, Richard A.; Bier, Milan; Righetti, Pier Giorgio

1986-01-01

Computer simulations of the concentration profiles of simple biprotic ampholytes with Delta pKs 1, 2, and 3, on immobilized pH gradients (IPG) at extreme pH values (pH 3-4 and pH 10-11) show markedly skewed steady-state profiles with increasing kurtosis at higher Delta pK values. Across neutrality, all the peaks are symmetric irrespective of their Delta pK values, but they show very high contribution to the conductivity of the background gel and significant alteration of the local buffering capacity. The problems of skewness, due to the exponential conductivity profiles at low and high pHs, and of gel burning due to a strong electroosmotic flow generated by the net charges in the gel matrix, also at low and high pHs, are solved by incorporating in the IPG gel a strong viscosity gradient. This is generated by a gradient of linear polyacrylamide which is trapped in the gel by the polymerization process.

Bimodal MR-PET agent for quantitative pH imaging

PubMed Central

Frullano, Luca; Catana, Ciprian; Benner, Thomas; Sherry, A. Dean; Caravan, Peter

2010-01-01

Activatable or “smart” magnetic resonance contrast agents have relaxivities that depend on environmental factors such as pH or enzymatic activity, but the MR signal depends on relaxivity and agent concentration – two unknowns. A bimodal approach, incorporating a positron emitter, solves this problem. Simultaneous positron emission tomography (PET) and MR imaging with the biomodal, pH-responsive MR-PET agent GdDOTA-4AMP-F allows direct determination of both concentration (PET) and T1 (MRI), and hence pH. PMID:20191650

Optofluidics incorporating actively controlled micro- and nano-particles

PubMed Central

Kayani, Aminuddin A.; Khoshmanesh, Khashayar; Ward, Stephanie A.; Mitchell, Arnan; Kalantar-zadeh, Kourosh

2012-01-01

The advent of optofluidic systems incorporating suspended particles has resulted in the emergence of novel applications. Such systems operate based on the fact that suspended particles can be manipulated using well-appointed active forces, and their motions, locations and local concentrations can be controlled. These forces can be exerted on both individual and clusters of particles. Having the capability to manipulate suspended particles gives users the ability for tuning the physical and, to some extent, the chemical properties of the suspension media, which addresses the needs of various advanced optofluidic systems. Additionally, the incorporation of particles results in the realization of novel optofluidic solutions used for creating optical components and sensing platforms. In this review, we present different types of active forces that are used for particle manipulations and the resulting optofluidic systems incorporating them. These systems include optical components, optofluidic detection and analysis platforms, plasmonics and Raman systems, thermal and energy related systems, and platforms specifically incorporating biological particles. We conclude the review with a discussion of future perspectives, which are expected to further advance this rapidly growing field. PMID:23864925

To the Teacher: P.S. Write Soon!

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Post Office Dept., Washington, DC.

Intended for teachers of grades 4 through 8 who want to adapt the activities listed in the publication "P.S. Write Soon!" for classroom use, this guide provides chapter by chapter examples of the kinds of classroom projects suggested by the book that can be incorporated into an existing unit on letter writing or used as the basis for…

30 CFR 250.198 - Documents incorporated by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Conditions, May 2007; incorporated by reference at § 250.901; (3) API Bulletin 2INT-EX, Interim Guidance for...; incorporated by reference at § 250.1202; (34) API MPMS, Chapter 11.1—Volume Correction Factors, Volume 1, Table...; (35) API MPMS, Chapter 11.2.2—Compressibility Factors for Hydrocarbons: 0.350-0.637 Relative Density...

30 CFR 250.198 - Documents incorporated by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Conditions, May 2007; incorporated by reference at § 250.901; (3) API Bulletin 2INT-EX, Interim Guidance for...; incorporated by reference at § 250.1202; (34) API MPMS, Chapter 11.1—Volume Correction Factors, Volume 1, Table...; (35) API MPMS, Chapter 11.2.2—Compressibility Factors for Hydrocarbons: 0.350-0.637 Relative Density...

46 CFR 160.132-5 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 160.132-5 Section 160.132-5...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Launching Appliances-Davits § 160.132-5 Incorporation by... Director of the Federal Register under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce any edition other than...

46 CFR 160.132-5 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 160.132-5 Section 160.132-5...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Launching Appliances-Davits § 160.132-5 Incorporation by... Director of the Federal Register under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce any edition other than...

46 CFR 160.132-5 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Incorporation by reference. 160.132-5 Section 160.132-5...: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Launching Appliances-Davits § 160.132-5 Incorporation by... Director of the Federal Register under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. To enforce any edition other than...

30 CFR 250.198 - Documents incorporated by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., and all Section I Interpretations Volume 55, incorporated by reference at § 250.803 and § 250.1629; (2... Interpretations Volume 55, incorporated by reference at §§ 250.803 and 250.1629; (3) ANSI/ASME Boiler and Pressure...; July 1, 2005 Addenda, Divisions 1 and 2, and all Section VIII Interpretations Volumes 54 and 55...

Hair dye-incorporated poly-γ-glutamic acid/glycol chitosan nanoparticles based on ion-complex formation.

PubMed

Lee, Hye-Young; Jeong, Young-Il; Choi, Ki-Choon

2011-01-01

p-Phenylenediamine (PDA) or its related chemicals are used more extensively than oxidative hair dyes. However, permanent hair dyes such as PDA are known to have potent contact allergy reactions in humans, and severe allergic reactions are problematic. PDA-incorporated nanoparticles were prepared based on ion-complex formation between the cationic groups of PDA and the anionic groups of poly(γ-glutamic acid) (PGA). To reinforce PDA/PGA ion complexes, glycol chitosan (GC) was added. PDA-incorporated nanoparticles were characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier- transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and powder X-ray diffractometry (XRD). Nanoparticles were formed by ion-complex formation between the amine groups of PDA and the carboxyl groups of PGA. PDA-incorporated nanoparticles are small in size (<100 nm), and morphological observations showed spherical shapes. FT-IR spectra results showed that the carboxylic acid peak of PGA decreased with increasing PDA content, indicating that the ion complexes were formed between the carboxyl groups of PGA and the amine groups of PDA. Furthermore, the intrinsic peak of the carboxyl groups of PGA was also decreased by the addition of GC. Intrinsic crystalline peaks of PDA were observed by XRD. This crystalline peak of PDA was completely nonexistent when nanoparticles were formed by ion complex between PDA, PGA, and GC, indicating that PDA was complexed with PGA and no free drug existed in the formulation. During the drug-release experiment, an initial burst release of PDA was observed, and then PDA was continuously released over 1 week. Cytotoxicity testing against HaCaT human skin keratinocyte cells showed PDA-incorporated nanoparticles had lower toxicity than PDA itself. Furthermore, PDA-incorporated nanoparticles showed reduced apoptosis and necrosis reaction at HaCaT cells. The authors suggest that these microparticles are ideal candidates for a vehicle for

Incorporating travel time reliability into the Highway Capacity Manual.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-01-01

This final report documents the activities performed during SHRP 2 Reliability Project L08: Incorporating Travel Time Reliability into the Highway Capacity Manual. It serves as a supplement to the proposed chapters for incorporating travel time relia...

Dairy heifer manure management, dietary phosphorus, and soil test P effects on runoff phosphorus.

PubMed

Jokela, William E; Coblentz, Wayne K; Hoffman, Patrick C

2012-01-01

Manure application to cropland can contribute to runoff losses of P and eutrophication of surface waters. We conducted a series of three rainfall simulation experiments to assess the effects of dairy heifer dietary P, manure application method, application rate, and soil test P on runoff P losses from two successive simulated rainfall events. Bedded manure (18-21% solids) from dairy heifers fed diets with or without supplemental P was applied on a silt loam soil packed into 1- by 0.2-m sheet metal pans. Manure was either surface-applied or incorporated (Experiment 1) or surface-applied at two rates (Experiment 2) to supply 26 to 63 kg P ha. Experiment 3 evaluated runoff P from four similar nonmanured soils with average Bray P1-extractable P levels of 11, 29, 51, and 75 mg kg. We measured runoff quantity, total P (TP), dissolved reactive P (DRP), and total and volatile solids in runoff collected for 30 min after runoff initiation from two simulated rain events (70 mm h) 3 or 4 d apart. Manure incorporation reduced TP and DRP concentrations and load by 85 to 90% compared with surface application. Doubling the manure rate increased runoff DRP and TP concentrations an average of 36%. In the same experiment, P diet supplementation increased water-extractable P in manure by 100% and increased runoff DRP concentration threefold. Concentrations of solids, TP, and DRP in runoff from Rain 2 were 25 to 75% lower than from Rain 1 in Experiments 1 and 2. Runoff DRP from nonmanured soils increased quadratically with increasing soil test P. These results show that large reductions in P runoff losses can be achieved by incorporation of manure, avoiding unnecessary diet P supplementation, limiting manure application rate, and managing soils to prevent excessive soil test P levels. Copyright © by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Inc.

Error-prone bypass of O6-methylguanine by DNA polymerase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage PaP1.

PubMed

Gu, Shiling; Xiong, Jingyuan; Shi, Ying; You, Jia; Zou, Zhenyu; Liu, Xiaoying; Zhang, Huidong

2017-09-01

O 6 -Methylguanine (O 6 -MeG) is highly mutagenic and is commonly found in DNA exposed to methylating agents, generally leads to G:C to A:T mutagenesis. To study DNA replication encountering O 6 -MeG by the DNA polymerase (gp90) of P. aeruginosa phage PaP1, we analyzed steady-state and pre-steady-state kinetics of nucleotide incorporation opposite O 6 -MeG by gp90 exo - . O 6 -MeG partially inhibited full-length extension by gp90 exo - . O 6 -MeG greatly reduces dNTP incorporation efficiency, resulting in 67-fold preferential error-prone incorporation of dTTP than dCTP. Gp90 exo - extends beyond T:O 6 -MeG 2-fold more efficiently than C:O 6 -MeG. Incorporation of dCTP opposite G and incorporation of dCTP or dTTP opposite O 6 -MeG show fast burst phases. The pre-steady-state incorporation efficiency (k pol /K d,dNTP ) is decreased in the order of dCTP:G>dTTP:O 6 -MeG>dCTP:O 6 -MeG. The presence of O 6 -MeG at template does not affect the binding affinity of polymerase to DNA but it weakened their binding in the presence of dCTP and Mg 2+ . Misincorporation of dTTP opposite O 6 -MeG further weakens the binding affinity of polymerase to DNA. The priority of dTTP incorporation opposite O 6 -MeG is originated from the fact that dTTP can induce a faster conformational change step and a faster chemical step than dCTP. This study reveals that gp90 bypasses O 6 -MeG in an error-prone manner and provides further understanding in DNA replication encountering mutagenic alkylation DNA damage for P. aeruginosa phage PaP1. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Metal stabilization mechanism of incorporating lead-bearing sludge in kaolinite-based ceramics.

PubMed

Lu, Xingwen; Shih, Kaimin

2012-02-01

The feasibility and mechanism of incorporating simulated lead-laden sludge into low-cost ceramic products was investigated by observing the reaction of lead with two kaolinite-based precursors under sintering conditions. To investigate the phase transformation process of lead, lead oxide (PbO) mixed with a kaolinite or mullite precursor were fired at 500-950°C for 3h. Detailed X-ray diffraction analysis of sintered products revealed that both precursors had crystallochemically incorporated lead into the lead feldspar (PbAl(2)Si(2)O(8)) crystalline structure. By mixing lead oxide with kaolinite, lead feldspar begins to crystallize at 700°C; maximum incorporation of lead into this structure occurred at 950°C. However, two intermediate phases, Pb(4)Al(4)Si(3)O(16) and a polymorph of lead feldspar, were detected at temperatures between 700 and 900°C. By sintering lead oxide with the mullite precursor, lead feldspar was detected at temperatures above 750°C, and an intermediate phase of Pb(4)Al(4)Si(3)O(16) was observed in the temperature range of 750-900°C. This study compared the lead leachabilities of PbO and lead feldspar using a prolonged leaching test (at pH 2.9 for 23d) modified from the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure. The results indicate the superiority of lead feldspar in stabilizing lead and suggest a promising and reliable strategy to stabilize lead in ceramic products. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Investigations on Zr incorporation into Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode materials for lithium ion batteries.

PubMed

Sun, Hua-Bin; Zhou, Ying-Xian; Zhang, Lu-Lu; Yang, Xue-Lin; Cao, Xing-Zhong; Arave, Hanu; Fang, Hui; Liang, Gan

2017-02-15

Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C (LVP/C) composites have been modified by different ways of Zr-incorporation via ultrasonic-assisted solid-state reaction. The difference in the effect on the physicochemical properties and the electrochemical performance of LVP between Zr-doping and ZrO 2 -coating has also been investigated. Compared with pristine LVP/C, Zr-incorporated LVP/C composites exhibit better rate capability and cycling stability. In particular, the LVP/C-Zr electrode delivers the highest initial capacity of 150.4 mA h g -1 at 10C with a capacity retention ratio of 88.4% after 100 cycles. The enhanced electrochemical performance of Zr-incorporated LVP/C samples (LVZrP/C and LVP/C-Zr) is attributed to the increased ionic conductivity and electronic conductivity, the improved stability of the LVP structure, and the decreased charge-transfer resistance.

Seropositivity to non-vaccine incorporated genotypes induced by the bivalent and quadrivalent HPV vaccines: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed

Bissett, Sara L; Godi, Anna; Jit, Mark; Beddows, Simon

2017-07-13

Human papillomavirus vaccines have demonstrated remarkable efficacy against persistent infection and disease associated with vaccine-incorporated genotypes and a degree of efficacy against some genetically related, non-vaccine-incorporated genotypes. The vaccines differ in the extent of cross-protection against these non-vaccine genotypes. Data supporting the role for neutralizing antibodies as a correlate or surrogate of cross-protection are lacking, as is a robust assessment of the seroconversion rates against these non-vaccine genotypes. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of available data on vaccine-induced neutralizing antibody seropositivity to non-vaccine incorporated HPV genotypes. Of 304 articles screened, 9 were included in the analysis representing ca. 700 individuals. The pooled estimate for seropositivity against HPV31 for the bivalent vaccine (86%; 95%CI 78-91%) was higher than that for the quadrivalent vaccine (61%; 39-79%; p=0.011). The pooled estimate for seropositivity against HPV45 for the bivalent vaccine (50%; 37-64%) was also higher than that for the quadrivalent vaccine (16%; 6-36%; p=0.007). Seropositivity against HPV33, HPV52 and HPV58 were similar between the vaccines. Mean seropositivity rates across non-vaccine genotypes were positively associated with the corresponding vaccine efficacy data reported from vaccine trials. These data improve our understanding of vaccine-induced functional antibody specificity against non-vaccine incorporated genotypes and may help to parameterize vaccine-impact models and improve patient management in a post-vaccine setting. Crown Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

In vitro evaluation of antibacterial effect of AH Plus incorporated with quaternary ammonium epoxy silicate against Enterococcus faecalis.

PubMed

Gong, Shi-Qiang; Huang, Zhi-Bin; Shi, Wei; Ma, Bo; Tay, Franklin R; Zhou, Bin

2014-10-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial effect of AH Plus (Dentsply, DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) incorporated with quaternary ammonium epoxy silicate (QAES) against Enterococcus faecalis. QAES particles were synthesized by the cocondensation of tetraethoxysilane with 2 trialkoxysilanes (3-[trimethoxysilyl]propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride and 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane) through a 1-pot sol-gel route. Dried QAES particles were then characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. AH Plus sealers incorporated with 0-8 wt% QAES were tested after 4 weeks of water aging to assess the in vitro antibacterial activity against E. faecalis by the direct contact test (DCT) and 3-dimensional image analysis of live/dead-stained E. faecalis biofilms using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum of QAES particles revealed the coexistence of the characteristic absorbance band of the siloxane backbone (Si-O-Si) from 1,000-1,100 cm(-1), epoxide band peaking at ∼916 cm(-1), and C-N stretching vibration peaking at 1,373 cm(-1). The scanning electron microscopic image showed the spherical morphology of QAES particles with ∼120 nm in diameter and a rough surface. DCT results revealed that AH Plus alone (0 wt% QAES) after 4 weeks of water aging had no inhibitory effect on E. faecalis growth (P = .569). AH Plus incorporated with QAES (2-8 wt%) showed antibacterial activity against E. faecalis as shown in DCT and biofilm viability results (P < .001). The incorporation of QAES into epoxy resin-based AH Plus may be a promising approach for controlling endodontic infection at the time of canal filling and preventing subsequent reinfection. Copyright © 2014 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

In situ stabilization of trace metals in a copper-contaminated soil using P-spiked Linz-Donawitz slag.

PubMed

Negim, Osama; Mench, Michel; Bes, Clémence; Motelica-Heino, Mikael; Amin, Fouad; Huneau, Frédéric; Le Coustumer, Philippe

2012-03-01

A former wood exploitation revealing high Cu and As concentration of the soils served as a case study for assisted phytoextraction. P-spiked Linz-Donawitz (LD) slag was used as a soil additive to improve physico-chemical soil properties and in situ stabilize Cu and other trace metals in a sandy Cu-contaminated soil (630 mg kg⁻¹ soil). The LD slag was incorporated into the contaminated soil to consist four treatments: 0% (T1), 1% (T2), 2% (T3), and 4% (T4). A similar uncontaminated soil was used as a control (CTRL). After a 1-month reaction period, potted soils were used for a 2-week growth experiment with dwarf beans. Soil pH increased with the incorporation rate of LD slag. Similarly the soil electrical conductivity (EC, in millisiemens per centimetre) is ameliorated. Bean plants grown on the untreated soil (T1) showed a high phytotoxicity. All incorporation rates of LD slag increased the root and shoot dry weight yields compared to the T1. The foliar Ca concentration of beans was enhanced for all LD slag-amended soil, while the foliar Mg, K, and P concentrations were not increased. Foliar Cu, Zn, and Cr concentrations of beans decreased with the LD slag incorporation rate. P-spiked LD slag incorporation into polluted soil allow the bean growth and foliar Ca concentration, but also to reduce foliar Cu concentration below its upper critical value avoiding an excessive soil EC and Zn deficiency. This dual effect can be of interest for soil remediation at larger scale.

Incorporation of capsaicin in silicone coatings for enhanced antifouling performance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reddy Jaggari, Karunakar; Zhang Newby, Bi-Min

2002-03-01

Successful use of capsaicin as insect and animal repellant propelled us to use it as a possible antifouling agent. Its non-toxic, non-biocidal, non-leaching properties make it a viable alternative to organotin compounds. In order to optimize the anti-fouling performance of the coating, silicone, the most effective foul-release marine coating, was chosen as the carrier. We have incorporated capsaicin into silicone coating, by both bulk entrapment and surface immobilization. Contact angle measurements on capsaicin-incorporated silicone exhibited an increase in wettability, owing to the presence of capsaicin. FTIR study further confirmed the incorporation of capsaicin in silicone. Bacterial attachment studies were conducted using lake Erie water. While bacteria liberally inhabited the control coating, their presence on the capsaicin-incorporated coating was found to be minimal. These preliminary studies indicate that capsaicin incorporated silicone could be a viable environment friendly alternative to currently used antifouling coatings.

pH sensitive silica nanotubes as rationally designed vehicles for NSAIDs delivery.

PubMed

Sousa, Célia T; Nunes, Cláudia; Proença, Mariana P; Leitão, Diana C; Lima, José L F C; Reis, Salette; Araújo, João P; Lúcio, Marlene

2012-06-01

A novel pH-sensitive drug delivery system based on functionalized silica nanotubes was developed for the incorporation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aimed at a tailored drug release in acidic conditions characteristic of inflamed tissues. Silica nanotubes (SNTs) were synthesized by a nanoporous alumina template assisted sol-gel method. Inner surfaces were physically and chemically modified to improve both the functionalization and subsequent incorporation of the drug. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the designed nanocarriers and their functionalization. To achieve the highest degree of functionalization, three types of aminosilanes were tested and calcination conditions were optimized. APTES was shown to be the most effective aminosilane regarding the functionalization of the SNTs' inner surface and an adequate calcination temperature (220°C) was found to attain mechanical stability without compromising functionalization efficiency. Finally, the incorporation of naproxen into the nanotubes was accessed by fluorescence measurements and drug release studies were performed, revealing that the electrostatic linkage ensures effective release of the drug in the acidic pH typical of inflamed cells, while maintaining the SNT-drug conjugates stable at the typical bloodstream pH. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Dichloro-Cycloazatriphosphane: The Missing Link between N2 P2 and P4 Ring Systems in the Systematic Development of NP Chemistry.

PubMed

Bresien, Jonas; Hinz, Alexander; Schulz, Axel; Suhrbier, Tim; Thomas, Max; Villinger, Alexander

2017-10-20

A dichloro-cycloazatriphosphane that incorporates a cyclic NP 3 backbone could be synthesized using knowledge gained from the chemistry of N 2 P 2 and P 4 ring systems. It fills the gap between the congeneric compounds [ClP(μ-NR)] 2 and [ClP(μ-PR)] 2 (R=sterically demanding substituent), and thus contributes to the systematic development of nitrogen-phosphorus chemistry in general. The title compound was studied with respect to its formation via a labile aminodiphosphene, which readily underwent different rearrangement reactions depending on the solvent. All compounds were fully characterized by experimental and computational methods. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Design, synthesis, X-ray studies, and biological evaluation of novel macrocyclic HIV-1 protease inhibitors involving the P1'-P2' ligands

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ghosh, Arun K.; Sean Fyvie, W.; Brindisi, Margherita

Design, synthesis, and evaluation of a new class of HIV-1 protease inhibitors containing diverse flexible macrocyclic P1'-P2' tethers are reported. Inhibitor 5a with a pyrrolidinone-derived macrocycle exhibited favorable enzyme inhibitory and antiviral activity (Ki = 13.2 nM, IC50 = 22 nM). Further incorporation of heteroatoms in the macrocyclic skeleton provided macrocyclic inhibitors 5m and 5o. These compounds showed excellent HIV-1 protease inhibitory (Ki = 62 pM and 14 pM, respectively) and antiviral activity (IC50 = 5.3 nM and 2.0 nM, respectively). Inhibitor 5o also remained highly potent against a DRV-resistant HIV-1 variant.

Highly crystalline zinc incorporated hydroxyapatite nanorods' synthesis, characterization, thermal, biocompatibility, and antibacterial study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Udhayakumar, Gayathri; Muthukumarasamy, N.; Velauthapillai, Dhayalan; Santhosh, Shanthi Bhupathi

2017-10-01

Highly crystalline zinc incorporated hydroxyapatite (Zn-HAp) nanorods have been synthesized using microwave irradiation method. To improve bioactivity and crystallinity of pure HAp, zinc was incorporated into it. As-synthesized samples were characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and the thermal and crystallinity behavior of Zn-HAp nanoparticle were studied by thermogravimetry (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Antibacterial activity of the as-synthesized nanorods was evaluated against two prokaryotic strains ( Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus). The FT-IR studies show the presence of hydroxide and phosphate functional groups. HRTEM and FESEM images showed highly crystalline rod-shaped nanoparticles with the diameter of about 50-60 nm. EDAX revealed the presence of Ca, Zn, P, and O in the prepared samples. The crystallinity and thermal stability were further confirmed by TGA-DSC analysis. The biocompatibility evaluation results promoted that the Zn-HAp nanorods are biologically active apatites and potentially promising bone-substitute biomaterials for orthopaedic application.

Incorporating medication indications into the prescribing process.

PubMed

Kron, Kevin; Myers, Sara; Volk, Lynn; Nathan, Aaron; Neri, Pamela; Salazar, Alejandra; Amato, Mary G; Wright, Adam; Karmiy, Sam; McCord, Sarah; Seoane-Vazquez, Enrique; Eguale, Tewodros; Rodriguez-Monguio, Rosa; Bates, David W; Schiff, Gordon

2018-04-19

The incorporation of medication indications into the prescribing process to improve patient safety is discussed. Currently, most prescriptions lack a key piece of information needed for safe medication use: the patient-specific drug indication. Integrating indications could pave the way for safer prescribing in multiple ways, including avoiding look-alike/sound-alike errors, facilitating selection of drugs of choice, aiding in communication among the healthcare team, bolstering patient understanding and adherence, and organizing medication lists to facilitate medication reconciliation. Although strongly supported by pharmacists, multiple prior attempts to encourage prescribers to include the indication on prescriptions have not been successful. We convened 6 expert panels to consult high-level stakeholders on system design considerations and requirements necessary for building and implementing an indications-based computerized prescriber order-entry (CPOE) system. We summarize our findings from the 6 expert stakeholder panels, including rationale, literature findings, potential benefits, and challenges of incorporating indications into the prescribing process. Based on this stakeholder input, design requirements for a new CPOE interface and workflow have been identified. The emergence of universal electronic prescribing and content knowledge vendors has laid the groundwork for incorporating indications into the CPOE prescribing process. As medication prescribing moves in the direction of inclusion of the indication, it is imperative to design CPOE systems to efficiently and effectively incorporate indications into prescriber workflows and optimize ways this can best be accomplished. Copyright © 2018 by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. All rights reserved.

Incorporating parametric uncertainty into population viability analysis models

USGS Publications Warehouse

McGowan, Conor P.; Runge, Michael C.; Larson, Michael A.

2011-01-01

Uncertainty in parameter estimates from sampling variation or expert judgment can introduce substantial uncertainty into ecological predictions based on those estimates. However, in standard population viability analyses, one of the most widely used tools for managing plant, fish and wildlife populations, parametric uncertainty is often ignored in or discarded from model projections. We present a method for explicitly incorporating this source of uncertainty into population models to fully account for risk in management and decision contexts. Our method involves a two-step simulation process where parametric uncertainty is incorporated into the replication loop of the model and temporal variance is incorporated into the loop for time steps in the model. Using the piping plover, a federally threatened shorebird in the USA and Canada, as an example, we compare abundance projections and extinction probabilities from simulations that exclude and include parametric uncertainty. Although final abundance was very low for all sets of simulations, estimated extinction risk was much greater for the simulation that incorporated parametric uncertainty in the replication loop. Decisions about species conservation (e.g., listing, delisting, and jeopardy) might differ greatly depending on the treatment of parametric uncertainty in population models.

Incorporation of 3H-thymidine by different prokaryotic groups in relation to temperature and nutrients in a lacustrine ecosystem.

PubMed

Boucher, Delphine; Richardot, Mathilde; Thénot, Aurélie; Debroas, Didier

2006-10-01

The incorporation of [3H-methyl] thymidine (3H-TdR) by Eubacteria, bacterial groups (alpha- and beta-Proteobacteria, Cytophaga-Flavobacter), and Archaea was measured according to temperature (7 and 17 degrees C) and nutrient levels (nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon) in a lacustrine system (Sep, France). Short-term incubation was performed using a combination of microautoradiography and fluorescent in situ hybridization. Irrespective of the temperatures and nutrients studied, all the major phylogenetic bacterial groups assimilated 3H-TdR, and in most of the treatments studied, the proportion of beta-Proteobacteria taking up 3H-TdR was higher than those in the other bacterial groups. The proportion of Bacteria and different bacterial groups studied incorporating 3H-TdR were significantly increased, approximately 1.5-fold, by temperature except for alpha-Proteobacteria (7.6-fold). The nutrient effect was not the same for the different bacterial groups according to the temperatures studied. The proportions of alpha-Proteobacteria (at both temperatures) and Cytophaga-Flavobacter (at 7 degrees C) taking up 3H-TdR were significantly decreased and increased by adding N and P, respectively. Also, adding N, P, and C increased and decreased the percentage of beta-Proteobacteria incorporating 3H-TdR at 7 and 17 degrees C, respectively. The archaeal community showed a similar proportion of active cells (i.e., 3H-TdR) to the bacterial community, and uptake of 3H-TdR by Archaea was significantly increased (P < 0.05) by both temperature and nutrients. Thus, the assimilation of 3H-TdR by bacterial groups and Archaea in lacustrine system is significantly controlled by both temperature and nutrients.

Incorporation of TiO2 nanotubes in a polycrystalline zirconia: Synthesis of nanotubes, surface characterization, and bond strength.

PubMed

Dos Santos, Angélica Feltrin; Sandes de Lucena, Fernanda; Sanches Borges, Ana Flávia; Lisboa-Filho, Paulo Noronha; Furuse, Adilson Yoshio

2018-04-05

Despite numerous advantages such as high strength, the bond of yttria-stabilized zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) to tooth structure requires improvement. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the incorporation of TiO 2 nanotubes into zirconia surfaces and the bond strength of resin cement to the modified ceramic. TiO 2 nanotubes were produced by alkaline synthesis, mixed with isopropyl alcohol (50 wt%) and applied on presintered zirconia disks. The ceramics were sintered, and the surfaces were characterized by confocal laser microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. For bond strength, the following 6 groups (n=16) were evaluated: without TiO 2 and Single Bond Universal; with TiO 2 nanotubes and Single Bond Universal; without TiO 2 nanotubes and Z-prime; with TiO 2 nanotubes and Z-prime; without TiO 2 and Signum Zirconia Bond; with TiO 2 and Signum Zirconia Bond. After sintering, resin cement cylinders, diameter of 1.40 mm and 1 mm in height, were prepared and polymerized for 20 seconds. Specimens were stored in water at 37°C for 30 days and submitted to a shear test. Data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and Tukey honest significant difference (α=.05) tests. EDS analysis confirmed that nanoagglomerates were composed of TiO 2 . The shear bond strength showed statistically significant differences among bonding agents (P<.001). No significant differences were found with the application of nanotubes, regardless of the group analyzed (P=.682). The interaction among the bonding agent factors and addition of nanotubes was significant (P=.025). Nanotubes can be incorporated into zirconia surfaces. However, this incorporation did not improve bond strength. Copyright © 2017 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Mathematical Modeling of E6-p53 interactions in Cervical Cancer

PubMed

Khattak, Faryal; Haseeb, Muhammad; Fazal, Sahar; Bhatti, A I; Ullah, Mukhtar

2017-04-01

Background: Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in women throughout the world. The human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 viral protein plays an essential role in proteasomal degradation of the cancer suppressant protein p53. As a result, p53 negative regulation and apoptosis relevant activities are abrogated, facilitating development of cervical cancer. Methods: A mathematical model of E6-p53 interactions was developed using mathematical laws. In-silico simulations were carried out on CellDesigner and as a test case the small molecule drug RITA was considered for its ability to rescue the functions of tumor suppressor p53 by inhibiting E6 mediated proteasomal degradation. Results: Using a computational model we scrutinized how p53 responds to RITA, and chemical reactions of this small molecule drug were incorporated to perceive the full effects. The evolved strategy allowed the p53 response and rescue of its tumor suppressor function to be delineated, RITA being found to block p53 interactions with E6 associated proteins. Conclusion: We could develop a model of E6-p53 interactions with incorporation of actions of the small molecule drug RITA. Suppression of E6 associated proteins by RITA induces accumulation of tumor suppressant p53. Using CellDesigner to encode the model ensured that it can be easily modified and extended as more data become available. This strategy should play an effective role in the development of therapies against cancer. Creative Commons Attribution License

Mathematical Modeling of E6-p53 interactions in Cervical Cancer

PubMed Central

Khattak, Faryal; Haseeb, Muhammad; Fazal, Sahar; Bhatti, AI; Ullah, Mukhtar

2017-01-01

Background: Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in women throughout the world. The human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 viral protein plays an essential role in proteasomal degradation of the cancer suppressant protein p53. As a result, p53 negative regulation and apoptosis relevant activities are abrogated, facilitating development of cervical cancer. Methods: A mathematical model of E6-p53 interactions was developed using mathematical laws. In-silico simulations were carried out on CellDesigner and as a test case the small molecule drug RITA was considered for its ability to rescue the functions of tumor suppressor p53 by inhibiting E6 mediated proteasomal degradation. Results: Using a computational model we scrutinized how p53 responds to RITA, and chemical reactions of this small molecule drug were incorporated to perceive the full effects. The evolved strategy allowed the p53 response and rescue of its tumor suppressor function to be delineated, RITA being found to block p53 interactions with E6 associated proteins. Conclusion: We could develop a model of E6-p53 interactions with incorporation of actions of the small molecule drug RITA. Suppression of E6 associated proteins by RITA induces accumulation of tumor suppressant p53. Using CellDesigner to encode the model ensured that it can be easily modified and extended as more data become available. This strategy should play an effective role in the development of therapies against cancer. PMID:28547941

Part I. Metabolites of Penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium; Part II. Regioselective deuteriations of deoxyribose and incorporation into deoxynucleosides

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hodge, R.P.

1988-01-01

Penicillium verrucosum var. cyclopium is the fungus responsible for several outbreaks of neurotoxicoses among cattle in Tennessee beginning in 1979. Verrucosidin isolated from samples of P. verrucosum var. cyclopium was later shown to be a powerful neurotoxin capable of paralyzing its victims and was also said to cause tremoring in some cases. Part I of this dissertation describes the re-investigation of metabolites of P. verrucosum var. cyclopium and tremorgenicity of verrucosidin. Verrucosidin has been shown in this study to be non-tremorgenic. This research also describes development of efficient synthetic methods for incorporation of deuterium into the deoxyribose moiety of deoxyribonucleosides.more » Deuteriated deoxynucleosides are presently being considered for synthesis of deuteriated sequences of DNA to be utilized in {sup 1}H NMR studies of solution conformation and dynamics, as well as interactions with proteins, drugs, metals and carcinogens. A route for synthesizing 2-deoxy-D-ribose from D-ribonic-acid-{gamma}-lactone incorporating deuterium at the C-1, C-2 or C-5 positions is presented.« less

75 FR 17737 - Industrial Economics, Incorporated; Transfer of Data

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-07

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [EPA-HQ-OPP-2010-0194; FRL-8820-2] Industrial Economics... (CBI) by the submitter, will be transferred to Industrial Economics, Incorporated in accordance with 40 CFR 2.307(h)(3) and 2.308(i)(2). Industrial Economics, Incorporated has been awarded multiple...

Spatial Distribution of Dopant Incorporation in CdTe

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Guthrey, Harvey; Moseley, John; Colegrove, Eric

2016-11-21

In this work we use state-of-the-art cathodoluminescence (CL) spectrum imaging that provides spectrum-per-pixel mapping of the CL emission to examine how dopant elements are incorporated into CdTe. Emission spectra and intensity are used to monitor the spatial distribution of additional charge carriers through characteristic variations in the CL emission based on theoretical modeling. Our results show that grain boundaries play a role in the incorporation of dopants in CdTe, whether intrinsic or extrinsic. This type of analysis is crucial for providing feedback to design different processing schedules that optimize dopant incorporation in CdTe photovoltaic material, which has struggled to reachmore » high carrier concentration values. Here, we present results on CdTe films exposed to copper, phosphorus, and intrinsic doping treatments.« less

Emerging investigator series: As( v ) in magnetite: incorporation and redistribution

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Huhmann, Brittany L.; Neumann, Anke; Boyanov, Maxim I.

2017-01-01

As coprecipitated with magnetite remained incorporated over time whereas sorbed As was redistributed and became increasingly incorporated into magnetite, both the absence and presence of aqueous Fe(ii).

1 CFR 51.9 - What is the proper language of incorporation?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 1 General Provisions 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false What is the proper language of incorporation... What is the proper language of incorporation? (a) The language incorporating a publication by reference... is intended and completed by the final rule document in which it appears. (b) The language...

1 CFR 51.9 - What is the proper language of incorporation?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 1 General Provisions 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false What is the proper language of incorporation... What is the proper language of incorporation? (a) The language incorporating a publication by reference... is intended and completed by the final rule document in which it appears. (b) The language...

Hybrid Calcium Phosphate-Polymeric Micelles Incorporating Gadolinium Chelates for Imaging-Guided Gadolinium Neutron Capture Tumor Therapy.

PubMed

Mi, Peng; Dewi, Novriana; Yanagie, Hironobu; Kokuryo, Daisuke; Suzuki, Minoru; Sakurai, Yoshinori; Li, Yanmin; Aoki, Ichio; Ono, Koji; Takahashi, Hiroyuki; Cabral, Horacio; Nishiyama, Nobuhiro; Kataoka, Kazunori

2015-06-23

Gadolinium (Gd) chelates-loaded nanocarriers have high potential for achieving magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided Gd neutron capture therapy (GdNCT) of tumors. Herein, we developed calcium phosphate micelles hybridized with PEG-polyanion block copolymers, and incorporated with the clinical MRI contrast agent Gd-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA/CaP). The Gd-DTPA/CaP were nontoxic to cancer cells at the concentration of 100 μM based on Gd-DTPA, while over 50% of the cancer cells were killed by thermal neutron irradiation at this concentration. Moreover, the Gd-DTPA/CaP showed a dramatically increased accumulation of Gd-DTPA in tumors, leading to the selective contrast enhancement of tumor tissues for precise tumor location by MRI. The enhanced tumor-to-blood distribution ratio of Gd-DTPA/CaP resulted in the effective suppression of tumor growth without loss of body weight, indicating the potential of Gd-DTPA/CaP for safe cancer treatment.

The nucleoporins Nup170p and Nup157p are essential for nuclear pore complex assembly

PubMed Central

Makio, Tadashi; Stanton, Leslie H.; Lin, Cheng-Chao; Goldfarb, David S.; Weis, Karsten

2009-01-01

We have established that two homologous nucleoporins, Nup170p and Nup157p, play an essential role in the formation of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By regulating their synthesis, we showed that the loss of these nucleoporins triggers a decrease in NPCs caused by a halt in new NPC assembly. Preexisting NPCs are ultimately lost by dilution as cells grow, causing the inhibition of nuclear transport and the loss of viability. Significantly, the loss of Nup170p/Nup157p had distinct effects on the assembly of different architectural components of the NPC. Nucleoporins (nups) positioned on the cytoplasmic face of the NPC rapidly accumulated in cytoplasmic foci. These nup complexes could be recruited into new NPCs after reinitiation of Nup170p synthesis, and may represent a physiological intermediate. Loss of Nup170p/Nup157p also caused core and nucleoplasmically positioned nups to accumulate in NPC-like structures adjacent to the inner nuclear membrane, which suggests that these nucleoporins are required for formation of the pore membrane and the incorporation of cytoplasmic nups into forming NPCs. PMID:19414608

49 CFR 572.180 - Incorporated materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES ES-2re Side Impact Crash... 50th Percentile Adult Male Side Impact Crash Test Dummy, February 2008,” incorporated by reference in...

49 CFR 572.180 - Incorporated materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES 2re Side Impact Crash Test... 50th Percentile Adult Male Side Impact Crash Test Dummy, February 2008,” incorporated by reference in...

49 CFR 572.180 - Incorporated materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES ES-2re Side Impact Crash... 50th Percentile Adult Male Side Impact Crash Test Dummy, February 2008,” incorporated by reference in...

3D Printing of Molecular Models with Calculated Geometries and p Orbital Isosurfaces

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carroll, Felix A.; Blauch, David N.

2017-01-01

3D printing was used to prepare models of the calculated geometries of unsaturated organic structures. Incorporation of p orbital isosurfaces into the models enables students in introductory organic chemistry courses to have hands-on experience with the concept of orbital alignment in strained and unstrained p systems.

28 CFR 10.5 - Incorporation of papers previously filed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Incorporation of papers previously filed... CARRYING ON ACTIVITIES WITHIN THE UNITED STATES Registration Statement § 10.5 Incorporation of papers previously filed. Papers and documents already filed with the Attorney General pursuant to the said act and...

28 CFR 10.5 - Incorporation of papers previously filed.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Incorporation of papers previously filed... CARRYING ON ACTIVITIES WITHIN THE UNITED STATES Registration Statement § 10.5 Incorporation of papers previously filed. Papers and documents already filed with the Attorney General pursuant to the said act and...

Transverse-momentum and collision-energy dependence of high-pT hadron suppression in Au+Au collisions at ultrarelativistic energies.

PubMed

Adams, J; Adler, C; Aggarwal, M M; Ahammed, Z; Amonett, J; Anderson, B D; Anderson, M; Arkhipkin, D; Averichev, G S; Badyal, S K; Balewski, J; Barannikova, O; Barnby, L S; Baudot, J; Bekele, S; Belaga, V V; Bellwied, R; Berger, J; Bezverkhny, B I; Bhardwaj, S; Bhaskar, P; Bhati, A K; Bichsel, H; Billmeier, A; Bland, L C; Blyth, C O; Bonner, B E; Botje, M; Boucham, A; Brandin, A; Bravar, A; Cadman, R V; Cai, X Z; Caines, H; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, M; Carroll, J; Castillo, J; Castro, M; Cebra, D; Chaloupka, P; Chattopadhyay, S; Chen, H F; Chen, Y; Chernenko, S P; Cherney, M; Chikanian, A; Choi, B; Christie, W; Coffin, J P; Cormier, T M; Cramer, J G; Crawford, H J; Das, D; Das, S; Derevschikov, A A; Didenko, L; Dietel, T; Dong, X; Draper, J E; Drees, K A; Du, F; Dubey, A K; Dunin, V B; Dunlop, J C; Dutta Majumdar, M R; Eckardt, V; Efimov, L G; Emelianov, V; Engelage, J; Eppley, G; Erazmus, B; Fachini, P; Faine, V; Faivre, J; Fatemi, R; Filimonov, K; Filip, P; Finch, E; Fisyak, Y; Flierl, D; Foley, K J; Fu, J; Gagliardi, C A; Ganti, M S; Gagunashvili, N; Gans, J; Gaudichet, L; Germain, M; Geurts, F; Ghazikhanian, V; Ghosh, P; Gonzalez, J E; Grachov, O; Grigoriev, V; Gronstal, S; Grosnick, D; Guedon, M; Guertin, S M; Gupta, A; Gushin, E; Gutierrez, T D; Hallman, T J; Hardtke, D; Harris, J W; Heinz, M; Henry, T W; Heppelmann, S; Herston, T; Hippolyte, B; Hirsch, A; Hjort, E; Hoffmann, G W; Horsley, M; Huang, H Z; Huang, S L; Humanic, T J; Igo, G; Ishihara, A; Jacobs, P; Jacobs, W W; Janik, M; Johnson, I; Jones, P G; Judd, E G; Kabana, S; Kaneta, M; Kaplan, M; Keane, D; Kiryluk, J; Kisiel, A; Klay, J; Klein, S R; Klyachko, A; Kollegger, T; Konstantinov, A S; Kopytine, M; Kotchenda, L; Kovalenko, A D; Kramer, M; Kravtsov, P; Krueger, K; Kuhn, C; Kulikov, A I; Kumar, A; Kunde, G J; Kunz, C L; Kutuev, R Kh; Kuznetsov, A A; Lamont, M A C; Landgraf, J M; Lange, S; Lansdell, C P; Lasiuk, B; Laue, F; Lauret, J; Lebedev, A; Lednický, R; Leontiev, V M; LeVine, M J; Li, C; Li, Q; Lindenbaum, S J; Lisa, M A; Liu, F; Liu, L; Liu, Z; Liu, Q J; Ljubicic, T; Llope, W J; Long, H; Longacre, R S; Lopez-Noriega, M; Love, W A; Ludlam, T; Lynn, D; Ma, J; Ma, Y G; Magestro, D; Mahajan, S; Mangotra, L K; Mahapatra, D P; Majka, R; Manweiler, R; Margetis, S; Markert, C; Martin, L; Marx, J; Matis, H S; Matulenko, Yu A; McShane, T S; Meissner, F; Melnick, Yu; Meschanin, A; Messer, M; Miller, M L; Milosevich, Z; Minaev, N G; Mironov, C; Mishra, D; Mitchell, J; Mohanty, B; Molnar, L; Moore, C F; Mora-Corral, M J; Morozov, V; de Moura, M M; Munhoz, M G; Nandi, B K; Nayak, S K; Nayak, T K; Nelson, J M; Nevski, P; Nikitin, V A; Nogach, L V; Norman, B; Nurushev, S B; Odyniec, G; Ogawa, A; Okorokov, V; Oldenburg, M; Olson, D; Paic, G; Pandey, S U; Pal, S K; Panebratsev, Y; Panitkin, S Y; Pavlinov, A I; Pawlak, T; Perevoztchikov, V; Peryt, W; Petrov, V A; Phatak, S C; Picha, R; Planinic, M; Pluta, J; Porile, N; Porter, J; Poskanzer, A M; Potekhin, M; Potrebenikova, E; Potukuchi, B V K S; Prindle, D; Pruneau, C; Putschke, J; Rai, G; Rakness, G; Raniwala, R; Raniwala, S; Ravel, O; Ray, R L; Razin, S V; Reichhold, D; Reid, J G; Renault, G; Retiere, F; Ridiger, A; Ritter, H G; Roberts, J B; Rogachevski, O V; Romero, J L; Rose, A; Roy, C; Ruan, L J; Rykov, V; Sahoo, R; Sakrejda, I; Salur, S; Sandweiss, J; Savin, I; Schambach, J; Scharenberg, R P; Schmitz, N; Schroeder, L S; Schweda, K; Seger, J; Seliverstov, D; Seyboth, P; Shahaliev, E; Shao, M; Sharma, M; Shestermanov, K E; Shimanskii, S S; Singaraju, R N; Simon, F; Skoro, G; Smirnov, N; Snellings, R; Sood, G; Sorensen, P; Sowinski, J; Spinka, H M; Srivastava, B; Stanislaus, S; Stock, R; Stolpovsky, A; Strikhanov, M; Stringfellow, B; Struck, C; Suaide, A A P; Sugarbaker, E; Suire, C; Sumbera, M; Surrow, B; Symons, T J M; Szanto de Toledo, A; Szarwas, P; Tai, A; Takahashi, J; Tang, A H; Thein, D; Thomas, J H; Tikhomirov, V; Tokarev, M; Tonjes, M B; Trainor, T A; Trentalange, S; Tribble, R E; Trivedi, M D; Trofimov, V; Tsai, O; Ullrich, T; Underwood, D G; Van Buren, G; VanderMolen, A M; Vasiliev, A N; Vasiliev, M; Vigdor, S E; Viyogi, Y P; Voloshin, S A; Waggoner, W; Wang, F; Wang, G; Wang, X L; Wang, Z M; Ward, H; Watson, J W; Wells, R; Westfall, G D; Whitten, C; Wieman, H; Willson, R; Wissink, S W; Witt, R; Wood, J; Wu, J; Xu, N; Xu, Z; Xu, Z Z; Yakutin, A E; Yamamoto, E; Yang, J; Yepes, P; Yurevich, V I; Zanevski, Y V; Zborovský, I; Zhang, H; Zhang, H Y; Zhang, W M; Zhang, Z P; Zołnierczuk, P A; Zoulkarneev, R; Zoulkarneeva, J; Zubarev, A N

2003-10-24

We report high statistics measurements of inclusive charged hadron production in Au+Au and p+p collisions at sqrt[s(NN)]=200 GeV. A large, approximately constant hadron suppression is observed in central Au+Au collisions for 5<p(T)<12 GeV/c. The collision energy dependence of the yields and the centrality and p(T) dependence of the suppression provide stringent constraints on theoretical models of suppression. Models incorporating initial-state gluon saturation or partonic energy loss in dense matter are largely consistent with observations. We observe no evidence of p(T)-dependent suppression, which may be expected from models incorporating jet attenuation in cold nuclear matter or scattering of fragmentation hadrons.

Polarity dependence of Mn incorporation in (Ga,Mn)N superlattices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tropf, L.; Kunert, G.; Jakieła, R.; Wilhelm, R. A.; Figge, S.; Grenzer, J.; Hommel, D.

2016-03-01

In the context of recent efforts to combine high Mn concentrations in (Ga,Mn)N with a pronounced p-type carrier density, (Ga,Mn)N/GaN:Mg-superlattices have been fabricated using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Profiles of the dopant atomic densities in the heterostructures are obtained by secondary ion mass spectroscopy. They show an abrupt drop of two to three orders of magnitude in both Mn and Mg concentrations after the first GaN:Mg layer above a critical Mg-flux. Scanning electron microscopy before and after selective etching reveals a polarity inversion from originally Ga-face to N-face GaN in samples in which high Mg fluxes were applied. From our observations, we are able to draw an analogy between the impurity incorporation laws of Mg and Mn.

Effects of Decay of Incorporated H3-Thymidine on Bacteria

PubMed Central

Person, Stanley; Leah Lewis, Hazel

1962-01-01

The killing efficiency due to the decay of incorporated H3-thymidine in three mutants of E. coli strain 15: 15T-, 15T-L-, and 15T-U- has been determined. This efficiency is comparable to that previously determined by others for P32 decay. The killing efficiency has been determined as a function of H3-thymidine specific activity, storage media and storage temperature. We have observed a latent killing effect that causes lethality under certain conditions. The kinetics of latent killing have been examined at several temperatures. Finally, mutation production induced by H3-thymidine decays was shown to occur. The results are consistent with the idea that inactivation and mutations may be caused by a process in the nuclear transmutation that is not associated with β-particle ionization damage. PMID:19431318

Incorporation of bacterial extracellular polysaccharide by black fly larvae (Simuliidae)

USGS Publications Warehouse

Couch, C.A.; Meyer, J.L.; Hall, R.O.

1996-01-01

Black fly larvae (Simulium) assimilated, with high efficiency (80-90%), bacterial extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) extracted from laboratory cultures of a pseudomonad isolated from the Ogeechee River. Incorporation was traced using 13C-labelled EPS offered to larvae as a coating on a mixture of 1-??m latex beads and kaolin particles. These EPS-coated particles were used to simulate natural particles, both living and dead. Solubility, protein, and nitrogen content of the EPS suggested it was a slime rather than a capsular polysaccharide. Glycosyl composition of the EPS was glucose and galactose in ?? and ?? linkages, with pyruvate, succinate, and possibly malonate constituent groups. To evaluate the incorporation of C derived from protein associated with the EPS matrix, feeding experiments were conducted using EPS with and without proteins extracted. Black fly larvae incorporated 7.2 ??g EPS C larva-1 d-1 from EPS that did not have proteins extracted, and 19.5 ??g EPS C larva-1 d-1 from EPS with proteins extracted. Carbon in protein that is typically associated with EPS was not solely or selectively incorporated. EPS incorporation rates are similar to rates of cellular bacterial carbon incorporation previously estimated for Ogeechee River black fly larvae. If EPS is generally available as a food resource, the importance of bacteria in detrital food webs may be underestimated by studies that examine only the consumption of bacterial cells.

Incorporation of Mobile Application (App) Measures Into the Diagnosis of Smartphone Addiction.

PubMed

Lin, Yu-Hsuan; Lin, Po-Hsien; Chiang, Chih-Lin; Lee, Yang-Han; Yang, Cheryl C H; Kuo, Terry B J; Lin, Sheng-Hsuan

2017-07-01

Global smartphone expansion has brought about unprecedented addictive behaviors. The current diagnosis of smartphone addiction is based solely on information from clinical interview. This study aimed to incorporate application (app)-recorded data into psychiatric criteria for the diagnosis of smartphone addiction and to examine the predictive ability of the app-recorded data for the diagnosis of smartphone addiction. Smartphone use data of 79 college students were recorded by a newly developed app for 1 month between December 1, 2013, and May 31, 2014. For each participant, psychiatrists made a diagnosis for smartphone addiction based on 2 approaches: (1) only diagnostic interview (standard diagnosis) and (2) both diagnostic interview and app-recorded data (app-incorporated diagnosis). The app-incorporated diagnosis was further used to build app-incorporated diagnostic criteria. In addition, the app-recorded data were pooled as a score to predict smartphone addiction diagnosis. When app-incorporated diagnosis was used as a gold standard for 12 candidate criteria, 7 criteria showed significant accuracy (area under receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] > 0.7) and were constructed as app-incorporated diagnostic criteria, which demonstrated remarkable accuracy (92.4%) for app-incorporated diagnosis. In addition, both frequency and duration of daily smartphone use significantly predicted app-incorporated diagnosis (AUC = 0.70 for frequency; AUC = 0.72 for duration). The combination of duration, frequency, and frequency trend for 1 month can accurately predict smartphone addiction diagnosis (AUC = 0.79 for app-incorporated diagnosis; AUC = 0.71 for standard diagnosis). The app-incorporated diagnosis, combining both psychiatric interview and app-recorded data, demonstrated substantial accuracy for smartphone addiction diagnosis. In addition, the app-recorded data performed as an accurate screening tool for app-incorporated diagnosis. © Copyright 2017 Physicians

49 CFR 572.80 - Incorporated materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES 9-Month Old Child § 572.80 Incorporated materials. The drawings and specifications referred to in § 572.81(a) that are not set forth in...

Quality changes of sea bass slices wrapped with gelatin film incorporated with lemongrass essential oil.

PubMed

Ahmad, Mehraj; Benjakul, Soottawat; Sumpavapol, Punnanee; Nirmal, Nilesh Prakash

2012-04-16

Microbiological, chemical and physical changes of sea bass slices wrapped with gelatin film incorporated with 25% (w/w) lemongrass essential oil (LEO) during storage of 12 days at 4 °C were investigated. Sea bass slices wrapped with LEO film had the retarded growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), psychrophilic bacteria and spoilage microorganisms including H₂S-producing bacteria and Enterobacteriaceae throughout storage of 12 days in comparison with the control and those wrapped with gelatin film without LEO (G film) (P<0.05). Lowered changes of colour, K value, total volatile base nitrogen (TVB) and TBARS value were also found in LEO film wrapped samples, compared with those wrapped with G film and control, respectively. Therefore, the incorporation of LEO into gelatin film could enhance the antimicrobial and antioxidative properties of the film, thereby maintaining the qualities and extending the shelf-life of the sea bass slices stored at refrigerated temperature. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

First-Principles pH Theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Yong-Hyun; Zhang, S. B.

2006-03-01

Despite being one of the most important macroscopic measures and a long history even before the quantum mechanics, the concept of pH has rarely been mentioned in microscopic theories, nor being incorporated computationally into first-principles theory of aqueous solutions. Here, we formulate a theory for the pH dependence of solution formation energy by introducing the proton chemical potential as the microscopic counterpart of pH in atomistic solution models. Within the theory, the general acid-base chemistry can be cast in a simple pictorial representation. We adopt density-functional molecular dynamics to demonstrate the usefulness of the method by studying a number of solution systems including water, small solute molecules such as NH3 and HCOOH, and more complex amino acids with several functional groups. For pure water, we calculated the auto- ionization constant to be 13.2 with a 95 % accuracy. For other solutes, the calculated dissociation constants, i.e., the so- called pKa, are also in reasonable agreement with experiments. Our first-principles pH theory can be readily applied to broad solution chemistry problems such as redox reactions.

Biodegradable fibre scaffolds incorporating water-soluble drugs and proteins.

PubMed

Ma, J; Meng, J; Simonet, M; Stingelin, N; Peijs, T; Sukhorukov, G B

2015-07-01

A new type of biodegradable drug-loaded fibre scaffold has been successfully produced for the benefit of water-soluble drugs and proteins. Model drug loaded calcium carbonate (CaCO3) microparticles incorporated into poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) fibres were manufactured by co-precipitation of CaCO3 and the drug molecules, followed by electrospinning of a suspension of such drug-loaded microparticles in a PLGA solution. Rhodamine 6G and bovine serum albumin were used as model drugs for our release study, representing small bioactive molecules and protein, respectively. A bead and string structure of fibres was achieved. The drug release was investigated with different drug loadings and in different pH release mediums. Results showed that a slow and sustained drug release was achieved in 40 days and the CaCO3 microparticles used as the second barrier restrained the initial burst release.

Ultra-high vacuum surface analysis study of rhodopsin incorporation into supported lipid bilayers.

PubMed

Michel, Roger; Subramaniam, Varuni; McArthur, Sally L; Bondurant, Bruce; D'Ambruoso, Gemma D; Hall, Henry K; Brown, Michael F; Ross, Eric E; Saavedra, S Scott; Castner, David G

2008-05-06

Planar supported lipid bilayers that are stable under ambient atmospheric and ultra-high-vacuum conditions were prepared by cross-linking polymerization of bis-sorbylphosphatidylcholine (bis-SorbPC). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) were employed to investigate bilayers that were cross-linked using either redox-initiated radical polymerization or ultraviolet photopolymerization. The redox method yields a more structurally intact bilayer; however, the UV method is more compatible with incorporation of transmembrane proteins. UV polymerization was therefore used to prepare cross-linked bilayers with incorporated bovine rhodopsin, a light-activated, G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). A previous study (Subramaniam, V.; Alves, I. D.; Salgado, G. F. J.; Lau, P. W.; Wysocki, R. J.; Salamon, Z.; Tollin, G.; Hruby, V. J.; Brown, M. F.; Saavedra, S. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 5320-5321) showed that rhodopsin retains photoactivity after incorporation into UV-polymerized bis-SorbPC, but did not address how the protein is associated with the bilayer. In this study, we show that rhodopsin is retained in supported bilayers of poly(bis-SorbPC) under ultra-high-vacuum conditions, on the basis of the increase in the XPS nitrogen concentration and the presence of characteristic amino acid peaks in the ToF-SIMS data. Angle-resolved XPS data show that the protein is inserted into the bilayer, rather than adsorbed on the bilayer surface. This is the first study to demonstrate the use of ultra-high-vacuum techniques for structural studies of supported proteolipid bilayers.

Incorporation of Nicotine into Silicone Coatings for Marine Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jaramillo, Sandy Tuyet

PDMS-based marine coatings presently used are limited by their inability to mitigate microfouling which limits their application to high speed vessels. PDMS coatings are favored when viable, due to their foul release properties of macrofouling organisms. Natural products have been investigated for antifouling properties for potential use in these marine antifouling coatings but few have incorporated natural products into coatings or coating systems. The purpose of the research was to establish the corrosion inhibiting properties of nicotine and to incorporate nicotine, a biodegradable and readily available natural product, into a PDMS coating to demonstrate the use of a natural product in a coating for marine applications. The corrosion inhibiting properties of nicotine was examined using potentiodynamic polarization scans, material characterization techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, quartz crystal microbalance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Nicotine was determined to be an anodic corrosion inhibitor for mild steel immersed in simulated seawater with the ability to precipitate a protective calcium carbonate film. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to evaluate the performance of the developed nicotine incorporated coatings on mild steel immersed in simulated seawater over 21 days of immersion. The coatings with 2 wt.% of nicotine incorporated in the coating with a ratio of 1:30 of additional platinum catalyst to nicotine exhibited the best performance for intact coatings. This coating had the most favorable balance of the amount of nicotine and platinum catalyst of all the coatings evaluated. Overall, all nicotine incorporated coatings had a performance improvement when compared to the control PDMS coating. Of the nicotine incorporated coatings that were tested with an artificial pin-hole defect, the 2PDMS coating also exhibited the best performance with significant

Incorporating Argumentation through Forensic Science

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wheeler, Lindsay B.; Maeng, Jennifer L.; Smetana, Lara K.

2014-01-01

This article outlines how to incorporate argumentation into a forensic science unit using a mock trial. Practical details of the mock trial include: (1) a method of scaffolding students' development of their argument for the trial, (2) a clearly outlined set of expectations for students during the planning and implementation of the mock…

Enhancement in light harvesting ability of photoactive layer P3HT: PCBM using CuO nanoparticles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tiwari, D. C.; Dwivedi, Shailendra Kumar; Dipak, Pukhrambam; Chandel, Tarun

2018-05-01

In this paper, we have synthesized CuO nanoparticles via precipitation method and incorporated CuO nanoparticles in the P3HT-poly (3-hexyl) thiophene: PCBM-[6, 6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester heterogeneous blend. The ratio of P3HT to CuO in the blend was varied, while maintaining the fixed ratio of PCBM. The UV-visible absorption spectra of P3HT: PCBM photoactive layer containing different weight percentages of CuO nanoparticles showed a clear enhancement in the photo absorption of the active layer. The absorption band starts from 310 nm to 750 nm for P3HT: CuO (NPs):PCBM (0.5:0.5:1). This shows that incorporation of CuO nanoparticles leads to larger absorption band. In addition, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows improvement in P3HT crystallinity and the better formation of CuO nanostructures.

Competitive Incorporation of Perrhenate and Nitrate into Sodalite

DOE PAGES

Dickson, Johnbull O.; Harsh, James B.; Flury, Markus; ...

2014-10-03

Nuclear waste storage tanks at the Hanford site in southeastern Washington have released highly alkaline solutions, containing radioactive and other contaminants, into subsurface sediments. When this waste reacts with subsurface sediments, feldspathoid minerals (sodalite, cancrinite) can form, sequestering pertechnetate ( 99TcO 4 –) and other ions. This study investigates the potential for incorporation of perrhenate (ReO 4 –), a chemical surrogate for 99TcO 4 –, into mixed perrhenate/nitrate (ReO 4 –/NO 3 –) sodalite. Mixed-anion sodalites were hydrothermally synthesized in the laboratory from zeolite A in sodium hydroxide, nitrate, and perrhenate solutions at 90 °C for 24 h. The resultingmore » solids were characterized by bulk chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) to determine the products’ chemical composition, structure, morphology, and Re oxidation state. The XANES data indicated that nearly all rhenium (Re) was incorporated as Re(VII)O 4 –. The nonlinear increase of the unit cell parameter with ReO 4 –/NO 3 – ratios suggests formation of two separate sodalite phases in lieu of a mixed-anion sodalite. The results reveal that the sodalite cage is highly selective toward NO 3 – over ReO 4 –. Calculated enthalpy and Gibbs free energy of formation at 298 K for NO 3 - and ReO 4 -sodalite suggest that NO 3 – incorporation into the cage is favored over the incorporation of the larger ReO 4 –, due to the smaller ionic radius of NO 3 –. In conclusion, based on these results, it is expected that NO 3 –, which is present at significantly higher concentrations in alkaline waste solutions than 99TcO 4 –, will be strongly preferred for incorporation into the sodalite cage.« less

Synthesis of α,α-Difluorinated Phosphonate pSer/pThr Mimetics via Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of β-Difluorophosphonomethyl α-(Acylamino)acrylates.

PubMed

Chen, Hong-Xue; Kang, Jie; Chang, Rong; Zhang, Yun-Lai; Duan, Hua-Zhen; Li, Yan-Mei; Chen, Yong-Xiang

2018-06-01

A novel and facile synthetic strategy for α,α-difluorinated phosphonate mimetics of phosphoserine/phosphothreonine utilizing rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation was developed. The dehydrogenated substrate β-difluorophosphonomethyl α-(acylamino)acrylates were first prepared from protected serine/threonine followed by asymmetric hydrogenation using the rhodium-DuPhos catalytic system to generate the chiral center(s). These important phosphonate building blocks were successfully incorporated into phosphatase-resistant peptides, which displayed similar inhibition to the 14-3-3 ζ protein as the parent pSer/pThr peptides.

P- and S-wave velocity models incorporating the Cascadia subduction zone for 3D earthquake ground motion simulations—Update for Open-File Report 2007–1348

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stephenson, William J.; Reitman, Nadine G.; Angster, Stephen J.

2017-12-20

In support of earthquake hazards studies and ground motion simulations in the Pacific Northwest, threedimensional (3D) P- and S-wave velocity (VP and VS , respectively) models incorporating the Cascadia subduction zone were previously developed for the region encompassed from about 40.2°N. to 50°N. latitude, and from about 122°W. to 129°W. longitude (fig. 1). This report describes updates to the Cascadia velocity property volumes of model version 1.3 ([V1.3]; Stephenson, 2007), herein called model version 1.6 (V1.6). As in model V1.3, the updated V1.6 model volume includes depths from 0 kilometers (km) (mean sea level) to 60 km, and it is intended to be a reference for researchers who have used, or are planning to use, this model in their earth science investigations. To this end, it is intended that the VP and VS property volumes of model V1.6 will be considered a template for a community velocity model of the Cascadia region as additional results become available. With the recent and ongoing development of the National Crustal Model (NCM; Boyd and Shah, 2016), we envision any future versions of this model will be directly integrated with that effort

The role of lecithin degradation on the pH dependent stability of halofantrine encapsulated fat nano-emulsions.

PubMed

Haidar, Iman; Harding, Ian H; Bowater, Ian C; Eldridge, Daniel S; Charman, William N

2017-08-07

We report on the successful incorporation of the antimalarial drug, halofantrine, into laboratory based soybean oil emulsions which were designed to mimic the commercially available parenteral fat emulsion, Intralipid ® . A high pH (minimum of pH 9, preferable pH of 11) was required for the drug laden emulsion to remain stable on storage and also to resist breaking under various stresses. Ageing of lecithin samples on storage was noted to result in degradation and a decrease in pH. We argue that this is the main reason for a similar decrease in pH for lecithin based emulsions and subsequent instability in drug laden emulsions. As expected, incorporation of the drug (halofantrine) resulted in lower stability. The (intensity weighted) particle size increased from 281nm for the drug free emulsion to 550nm following a loading of 1gL -1 of halofantrine, indicative of a lowering in stability and this was reflected in a shorter shelf life. Interestingly, incorporation of even higher concentrations of drug then resulted in better stability albeit never as stable as the drug free emulsion. We also report on unusual and complex surface tension behaviour for fresh lecithin where multiple critical concentration points were observed. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ribosomal incorporation of backbone modified amino acids via an editing-deficient aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase.

PubMed

Iqbal, Emil S; Dods, Kara K; Hartman, Matthew C T

2018-02-14

The ability to incorporate non-canonical amino acids (ncAA) using translation offers researchers the ability to extend the functionality of proteins and peptides for many applications including synthetic biology, biophysical and structural studies, and discovery of novel ligands. Here we describe the high promiscuity of an editing-deficient valine-tRNA synthetase (ValRS T222P). Using this enzyme, we demonstrate ribosomal translation of 11 ncAAs including those with novel side chains, α,α-disubstitutions, and cyclic β-amino acids.

Evolutionary snowdrift game incorporating costly punishment in structured populations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chan, Nat W. H.; Xu, C.; Tey, Siew Kian; Yap, Yee Jiun; Hui, P. M.

2013-01-01

The role of punishment and the effects of a structured population in promoting cooperation are important issues. Within a recent model of snowdrift game (SG) incorporating a costly punishing strategy (P), we study the effects of a population connected through a square lattice. The punishers, who carry basically a cooperative (C) character, are willing to pay a cost α so as to punish a non-cooperative (D) opponent by β. Depending on α, β, the cost-to-benefit ratio r in SG, and the initial conditions, the system evolves into different phases that could be homogeneous or inhomogeneous. The spatial structure imposes geometrical constraint on how one agent is affected by neighboring agents. Results of extensive numerical simulations, both for the steady state and the dynamics, are presented. Possible phases are identified and discussed, and isolated phases in the r-β space are identified as special local structures of strategies that are stable due to the lattice structure. In contrast to a well-mixed population where punishers are suppressed due to the cost of punishment, the altruistic punishing strategy can flourish and prevail for appropriate values of the parameters, implying an enhancement in cooperation by imposing punishments in a structured population. The system could evolve to a phase corresponding to the coexistence of C, D, and P strategies at some particular payoff parameters, and such a phase is absent in a well-mixed population. The pair approximation, a commonly used analytic approach, is extended from a two-strategy system to a three-strategy system. We show that the pair approximation can, at best, capture the numerical results only qualitatively. Due to the improper way of including spatial correlation imposed by the lattice structure, the approximation does not give the frequencies of C, D, and P accurately and fails to give the homogeneous AllD and AllP phases.

Enhancing performance of P300-Speller under mental workload by incorporating dual-task data during classifier training.

PubMed

Chen, Yuqian; Ke, Yufeng; Meng, Guifang; Jiang, Jin; Qi, Hongzhi; Jiao, Xuejun; Xu, Minpeng; Zhou, Peng; He, Feng; Ming, Dong

2017-12-01

As one of the most important brain-computer interface (BCI) paradigms, P300-Speller was shown to be significantly impaired once applied in practical situations due to effects of mental workload. This study aims to provide a new method of building training models to enhance performance of P300-Speller under mental workload. Three experiment conditions based on row-column P300-Speller paradigm were performed including speller-only, 3-back-speller and mental-arithmetic-speller. Data under dual-task conditions were introduced to speller-only data respectively to build new training models. Then performance of classifiers with different models was compared under the same testing condition. The results showed that when tasks of imported training data and testing data were the same, character recognition accuracies and round accuracies of P300-Speller with mixed-data training models significantly improved (FDR, p < 0.005). When they were different, performance significantly improved when tested on mental-arithmetic-speller (FDR, p < 0.05) while the improvement was modest when tested on n-back-speller (FDR, p < 0.1). The analysis of ERPs revealed that ERP difference between training data and testing data was significantly diminished when the dual-task data was introduced to training data (FDR, p < 0.05). The new method of training classifier on mixed data proved to be effective in enhancing performance of P300-Speller under mental workload, confirmed the feasibility to build a universal training model and overcome the effects of mental workload in its practical applications. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

MS-READ: Quantitative measurement of amino acid incorporation.

PubMed

Mohler, Kyle; Aerni, Hans-Rudolf; Gassaway, Brandon; Ling, Jiqiang; Ibba, Michael; Rinehart, Jesse

2017-11-01

Ribosomal protein synthesis results in the genetically programmed incorporation of amino acids into a growing polypeptide chain. Faithful amino acid incorporation that accurately reflects the genetic code is critical to the structure and function of proteins as well as overall proteome integrity. Errors in protein synthesis are generally detrimental to cellular processes yet emerging evidence suggest that proteome diversity generated through mistranslation may be beneficial under certain conditions. Cumulative translational error rates have been determined at the organismal level, however codon specific error rates and the spectrum of misincorporation errors from system to system remain largely unexplored. In particular, until recently technical challenges have limited the ability to detect and quantify comparatively rare amino acid misincorporation events, which occur orders of magnitude less frequently than canonical amino acid incorporation events. We now describe a technique for the quantitative analysis of amino acid incorporation that provides the sensitivity necessary to detect mistranslation events during translation of a single codon at frequencies as low as 1 in 10,000 for all 20 proteinogenic amino acids, as well as non-proteinogenic and modified amino acids. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Biochemistry of Synthetic Biology - Recent Developments" Guest Editor: Dr. Ilka Heinemann and Dr. Patrick O'Donoghue. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Quantitative isotope incorporation reveals substrate partitioning in a coastal microbial community.

PubMed

Mayali, Xavier; Weber, Peter K

2018-05-01

To quantitatively link microbial identity with biogeochemical function, we carried out 14 simultaneous stable isotope probing experiments with organic and inorganic C and N substrates to measure the isotope incorporation by over one hundred co-occurring eukaryotic and prokaryotic populations in a coastal community. We found that nitrate was the most commonly incorporated substrate, and that light-driven carbon fixation was carried out by some bacterial taxa from the Flavobacteriales and OM60 (NOR5) clade, in addition to photoautotrophic phytoplankton. We found that organisms that incorporated starch, maltose, glucose, lactose and bicarbonate were phylogenetically clustered, suggesting that specific bacterial lineages specialized in the incorporation of these substrates. The data further revealed that coastal microorganisms spanned a range of resource utilization strategies from generalists to specialists and demonstrated a high level of substrate partitioning, with two thirds of taxa exhibiting unique substrate incorporation patterns and the remaining third shared by no more than three OTUs each. Specialists exhibited more extreme incorporation levels (high or low), whereas generalists displayed more intermediate activity levels. These results shed valuable insights into the bottom-up ecological strategies enabling the persistence of high microbial diversity in aquatic ecosystems.

49 CFR 587.5 - Incorporated materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) DEFORMABLE BARRIERS Side Impact Moving Deformable Barrier § 587.5 Incorporated materials. (a) The drawings and specifications referred to in this regulation...

Incorporating advanced language models into the P300 speller using particle filtering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Speier, W.; Arnold, C. W.; Deshpande, A.; Knall, J.; Pouratian, N.

2015-08-01

Objective. The P300 speller is a common brain-computer interface (BCI) application designed to communicate language by detecting event related potentials in a subject’s electroencephalogram signal. Information about the structure of natural language can be valuable for BCI communication, but attempts to use this information have thus far been limited to rudimentary n-gram models. While more sophisticated language models are prevalent in natural language processing literature, current BCI analysis methods based on dynamic programming cannot handle their complexity. Approach. Sampling methods can overcome this complexity by estimating the posterior distribution without searching the entire state space of the model. In this study, we implement sequential importance resampling, a commonly used particle filtering (PF) algorithm, to integrate a probabilistic automaton language model. Main result. This method was first evaluated offline on a dataset of 15 healthy subjects, which showed significant increases in speed and accuracy when compared to standard classification methods as well as a recently published approach using a hidden Markov model (HMM). An online pilot study verified these results as the average speed and accuracy achieved using the PF method was significantly higher than that using the HMM method. Significance. These findings strongly support the integration of domain-specific knowledge into BCI classification to improve system performance.

pH Sensitive Microcapsules for Delivery of Corrosion Inhibitors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Li, Wenyan; Calle, Luz M.

2006-01-01

A considerable number of corrosion problems can be solved by coatings. However, even the best protective coatings can fail by allowing the slow diffusion of oxygen and moisture to the metal surface. Corrosion accelerates when a coating delaminates. Often, the problems start when microscopic nicks or pits on the surface develop during manufacturing or through wear and tear. This problem can be solved by the incorporation of a self-healing function into the coating. Several new concepts are currently under development to incorporate this function into a coating. Conductive polymers, nanoparticles, and microcapsules are used to release corrosion-inhibiting ions at a defect site. The objective of this investigation is to develop a smart coating for the early detection and inhibition of corrosion. The dual function of this new smart coating system is performed by pH-triggered release microcapsules. The microcapsules can be used to deliver healing agents to terminate the corrosion process at its early stage or as corrosion indicators by releasing dyes at the localized corrosion sites. The dyes can be color dyes or fluorescent dyes, with or without pH sensitivity. Microcapsules were formed through the interfacial polymerization process. The average size of the microcapsules can be adjusted from 1 to 100 micron by adjusting the emulsion formula and the microcapsule forming conditions. A typical microcapsule size is around 10 microns with a narrow size distribution. The pH sensitivity of the microcapsule can also be controlled by adjusting the emulsion formula and the polymerization reaction time. Both corrosion indicator (pH indicator) and corrosion inhibitor containing microcapsules were formed and incorporated into paint systems. Test panels of selected steels and aluminum alloys were painted using these paints. Testing of compatibility between the microcapsule system and different paint systems are in progress. Initial experiments with the microcapsule containing paint

Stability evaluation of Styrylpyrone derivative (SPD) incorporated products

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bahtiar, Adibah Ahamad; Nor, Norefrina Shafinaz Md.; Ibrahim, Nazlina

2015-09-01

Styrylpyrone derivative (SPD) from Goniothalamus umbrosus has been shown to have antiviral properties against Herpes Simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1). This study aimed to evaluate the purity of isolated SPD and stability of SPD-incorporated formulations. Pure SPD was isolated from dried roots of G. umbrosus as confirmed by GC-MS. Two types of SPD-incorporated products (ointment and gel) were produced. Both products showed stable physical properties after two months and retained the SPD content for one month.

49 CFR 587.5 - Incorporated materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Incorporated materials. 587.5 Section 587.5 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) DEFORMABLE BARRIERS Side Impact Moving Deformable...

49 CFR 587.5 - Incorporated materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Incorporated materials. 587.5 Section 587.5 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) DEFORMABLE BARRIERS Side Impact Moving Deformable...

49 CFR 587.5 - Incorporated materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Incorporated materials. 587.5 Section 587.5 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) DEFORMABLE BARRIERS Side Impact Moving Deformable...

Expression of the p12 subunit of human DNA polymerase δ (Pol δ), CDK inhibitor p21(WAF1), Cdt1, cyclin A, PCNA and Ki-67 in relation to DNA replication in individual cells.

PubMed

Zhao, Hong; Zhang, Sufang; Xu, Dazhong; Lee, Marietta Ywt; Zhang, Zhongtao; Lee, Ernest Yc; Darzynkiewicz, Zbigniew

2014-01-01

We recently reported that the p12 subunit of human DNA polymerase δ (Pol δ4) is degraded by CRL4(Cdt2) which regulates the licensing factor Cdt1 and p21(WAF1) during the G1 to S transition. Presently, we performed multiparameter laser scanning cytometric analyses of changes in levels of p12, Cdt1 and p21(WAF1), detected immunocytochemically in individual cells, vis-à-vis the initiation and completion of DNA replication. The latter was assessed by pulse-labeling A549 cells with the DNA precursor ethynyl-2'-deoxyribose (EdU). The loss of p12 preceded the initiation of DNA replication and essentially all cells incorporating EdU were p12 negative. Completion of DNA replication and transition to G2 phase coincided with the re-appearance and rapid rise of p12 levels. Similar to p12 a decline of p21(WAF1) and Cdt1 was seen at the end of G1 phase and all DNA replicating cells were p21(WAF1) and Cdt1 negative. The loss of p21(WAF1) preceded that of Cdt1 and p12 and the disappearance of the latter coincided with the onset of DNA replication. Loss of p12 leads to conversion of Pol δ4 to its trimeric form, Pol δ3, so that the results provide strong support to the notion that Pol δ3 is engaged in DNA replication during unperturbed progression through the S phase of cell cycle. Also assessed was a correlation between EdU incorporation, likely reflecting the rate of DNA replication in individual cells, and the level of expression of positive biomarkers of replication cyclin A, PCNA and Ki-67 in these cells. Of interest was the observation of stronger correlation between EdU incorporation and expression of PCNA (r = 0.73) than expression of cyclin A (r = 0.47) or Ki-67 (r = 0.47).

75 FR 20265 - Airworthiness Directives; Liberty Aerospace Incorporated Model XL-2 Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-19

... Airworthiness Directives; Liberty Aerospace Incorporated Model XL-2 Airplanes AGENCY: Federal Aviation...-08- 05, which applies to certain Liberty Aerospace Incorporated Model XL-2 airplanes. AD 2009-08-05...), the Director of the Federal Register approved the incorporation by reference of Liberty Aerospace, Inc...

49 CFR 572.40 - Incorporated materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Incorporated materials. 572.40 Section 572.40 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Side Impact Dummy 50th...

49 CFR 572.40 - Incorporated materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Incorporated materials. 572.40 Section 572.40 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Side Impact Dummy 50th...

49 CFR 572.40 - Incorporated materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Incorporated materials. 572.40 Section 572.40 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) ANTHROPOMORPHIC TEST DEVICES Side Impact Dummy 50th...

Long-Circulating, pH-Sensitive Liposomes.

PubMed

Momekova, Denitsa; Rangelov, Stanislav; Lambov, Nikolay

2017-01-01

A major limiting factor for the wide application of pH-sensitive liposomes is their recognition and sequestration by the phagocytes of the reticuloendothelial system, which conditions a very short circulation half-life. Typically prolonged circulation of liposomes is achieved by grafting their membranes with pegylated phospholipids (PEG-lipids), which have been shown, however, to deteriorate membrane integrity on one hand and to hamper the pH-responsiveness on the other. Hence, the need for novel alternative surface modifying agents to ensure effective half-life prolongation of pH-sensitive liposomes is a subject of intensive research. A series of copolymers having short blocks of lipid-mimetic units has been shown to sterically stabilize conventional liposomes based on different phospholipids. This has prompted us to broaden their utilization to pH-sensitive liposomes, too. The present contribution gives a thorough account on the chemical synthesis of these copolymers their incorporation in DOPE:CHEMs pH-sensitive liposomes and detailed explanation on the battery of techniques for the biopharmaceutical characterization of the prepared formulations in terms of pH-responsiveness, cellular internalization, in vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution.

Long-circulating, pH-sensitive liposomes.

PubMed

Momekova, Denitsa; Rangelov, Stanislav; Lambov, Nikolay

2010-01-01

A major limiting factor for the wide application of pH-sensitive liposomes is their recognition and sequestration by the phagocytes of the reticulo-endothelial system, which conditions a very short circulation half-life. Typically prolonged circulation of liposomes is achieved by grafting their membranes with pegylated phospholipids (PEG-lipids), which have been shown, however, to deteriorate membrane integrity on one hand and to hamper the pH-responsiveness on the other. Hence, the need for novel alternative surface modifying agents to ensure effective half-life prolongation of pH-sensitive liposomes is a subject of intensive research. A series of copolymers having short blocks of lipid-mimetic units has been shown to sterically stabilize conventional liposomes based on different phospholipids. This has prompted us to broaden their utilization to pH-sensitive liposomes, too. The present contribution gives thorough account on the chemical synthesis of these copolymers their incorporation in DOPE:CHEMs pH-sensitive liposomes and detailed explanation on the battery of techniques for the biopharmaceutical characterization of the prepared formulations in terms of pH-responsiveness, cellular internalization, in vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution.

Incorporation of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids into lipid pools when given as supplements providing doses equivalent to typical intakes of oily fish.

PubMed

Browning, Lucy M; Walker, Celia G; Mander, Adrian P; West, Annette L; Madden, Jackie; Gambell, Joanna M; Young, Stephen; Wang, Laura; Jebb, Susan A; Calder, Philip C

2012-10-01

Estimation of the intake of oily fish at a population level is difficult. The measurement of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in biological samples may provide a useful biomarker of intake. We identified the most appropriate biomarkers for the assessment of habitual oily fish intake and changes in intake by elucidating the dose- and time-dependent response of EPA and DHA incorporation into various biological samples that represent roles in fatty acid transport, function, and storage. This was a double-blind, randomized, controlled intervention trial in 204 men and women that lasted 12 mo. EPA and DHA capsules were provided in a manner to reflect sporadic consumption of oily fish (ie, 1, 2, or 4 times/wk). EPA and DHA were assessed at 9 time points over 12 mo in 9 sample types (red blood cells, mononuclear cells, platelets, buccal cells, adipose tissue, plasma phosphatidylcholine, triglycerides, cholesteryl esters, and nonesterified fatty acids). A dose response (P < 0.05) was observed for EPA and DHA in all pools except for red blood cell EPA (P = 0.057). EPA and DHA measures in plasma phosphatidylcholine and platelets were best for the discrimination between different intakes (P < 0.0001). The rate of incorporation varied between sample types, with the time to maximal incorporation ranging from days (plasma phosphatidylcholine) to months (mononuclear cells) to >12 mo (adipose tissue). Plasma phosphatidylcholine EPA plus DHA was identified as the most suitable biomarker of acute changes in EPA and DHA intake, and platelet and mononuclear cell EPA plus DHA were the most suitable biomarkers of habitual intake.

GDP-tubulin incorporation into growing microtubules modulates polymer stability.

PubMed

Valiron, Odile; Arnal, Isabelle; Caudron, Nicolas; Job, Didier

2010-06-04

Microtubule growth proceeds through the endwise addition of nucleotide-bound tubulin dimers. The microtubule wall is composed of GDP-tubulin subunits, which are thought to come exclusively from the incorporation of GTP-tubulin complexes at microtubule ends followed by GTP hydrolysis within the polymer. The possibility of a direct GDP-tubulin incorporation into growing polymers is regarded as hardly compatible with recent structural data. Here, we have examined GTP-tubulin and GDP-tubulin incorporation into polymerizing microtubules using a minimal assembly system comprised of nucleotide-bound tubulin dimers, in the absence of free nucleotide. We find that GDP-tubulin complexes can efficiently co-polymerize with GTP-tubulin complexes during microtubule assembly. GDP-tubulin incorporation into microtubules occurs with similar efficiency during bulk microtubule assembly as during microtubule growth from seeds or centrosomes. Microtubules formed from GTP-tubulin/GDP-tubulin mixtures display altered microtubule dynamics, in particular a decreased shrinkage rate, apparently due to intrinsic modifications of the polymer disassembly properties. Thus, although microtubules polymerized from GTP-tubulin/GDP-tubulin mixtures or from homogeneous GTP-tubulin solutions are both composed of GDP-tubulin subunits, they have different dynamic properties, and this may reveal a novel form of microtubule "structural plasticity."

Incorporation of Eu(III) into Calcite under Recrystallization conditions.

PubMed

Hellebrandt, S E; Hofmann, S; Jordan, N; Barkleit, A; Schmidt, M

2016-09-13

The interaction of calcite with trivalent europium under recrystallization conditions was studied on the molecular level using site-selective time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS). We conducted batch studies with a reaction time from seven days up to three years with three calcite powders, which differed in their specific surface area, recrystallization rates and impurities content. With increase of the recrystallization rate incorporation of Eu(3+) occurs faster and its speciation comes to be dominated by one species with its excitation maximum at 578.8 nm, so far not identified during previous investigations of this process under growth and phase transformation conditions. A long lifetime of 3750 μs demonstrates complete loss of hydration, consequently Eu must have been incorporated into the bulk crystal. The results show a strong dependence of the incorporation kinetics on the recrystallization rate of the different calcites. Furthermore the investigation of the effect of different background electrolytes (NaCl and KCl) demonstrate that the incorporation process under recrystallization conditions strongly depends on the availability of Na(+). These findings emphasize the different retention potential of calcite as a primary and secondary mineral e.g. in a nuclear waste disposal site.

Incorporation of Eu(III) into Calcite under Recrystallization conditions

PubMed Central

Hellebrandt, S. E.; Hofmann, S.; Jordan, N.; Barkleit, A.; Schmidt, M.

2016-01-01

The interaction of calcite with trivalent europium under recrystallization conditions was studied on the molecular level using site-selective time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS). We conducted batch studies with a reaction time from seven days up to three years with three calcite powders, which differed in their specific surface area, recrystallization rates and impurities content. With increase of the recrystallization rate incorporation of Eu3+ occurs faster and its speciation comes to be dominated by one species with its excitation maximum at 578.8 nm, so far not identified during previous investigations of this process under growth and phase transformation conditions. A long lifetime of 3750 μs demonstrates complete loss of hydration, consequently Eu must have been incorporated into the bulk crystal. The results show a strong dependence of the incorporation kinetics on the recrystallization rate of the different calcites. Furthermore the investigation of the effect of different background electrolytes (NaCl and KCl) demonstrate that the incorporation process under recrystallization conditions strongly depends on the availability of Na+. These findings emphasize the different retention potential of calcite as a primary and secondary mineral e.g. in a nuclear waste disposal site. PMID:27618958

Sinterless Fabrication Of Contact Pads On InP Devices

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Weizer, Victor G.; Fatemi, Navid S.; Korenyi-Both, Andras L.

1995-01-01

Research has shown that with proper choice of material, low-resistance contact pads deposited on solar cells and other devices by improved technique that does not involve sintering. Research directed at understanding mechanisms involved in contact-sintering process has resulted in identification of special group of materials that includes phosphides of gold, silver, and nickel; specifically, Au(2)P(3), AgP(2), and Ni(3)P. Incorporation of phosphide interlayer substantially reduces resistivity between gold current-carrying layer and indium phosphide substrate. Further research indicated only very thin interlayer of any of these compounds needed to obtain low contact resistance, without subjecting contact to destructive sintering process.

Aspartic acid incorporated monolithic columns for affinity glycoprotein purification.

PubMed

Armutcu, Canan; Bereli, Nilay; Bayram, Engin; Uzun, Lokman; Say, Rıdvan; Denizli, Adil

2014-02-01

Novel aspartic acid incorporated monolithic columns were prepared to efficiently affinity purify immunoglobulin G (IgG) from human plasma. The monolithic columns were synthesised in a stainless steel HPLC column (20 cm × 5 mm id) by in situ bulk polymerisation of N-methacryloyl-L-aspartic acid (MAAsp), a polymerisable derivative of L-aspartic acid, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). Monolithic columns [poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-N-methacryloyl-L-aspartic acid) (PHEMAsp)] were characterised by swelling studies, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The monolithic columns were used for IgG adsorption/desorption from aqueous solutions and human plasma. The IgG adsorption depended on the buffer type, and the maximum IgG adsorption from aqueous solution in phosphate buffer was 0.085 mg/g at pH 6.0. The monolithic columns allowed for one-step IgG purification with a negligible capacity decrease after ten adsorption-desorption cycles. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

14 CFR 150.13 - Incorporations by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... follows: International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Publication No. 179, entitled “Precision Sound Level Meters,” dated 1973. (d) Availability for purchase. Published material incorporated by reference...

14 CFR 150.13 - Incorporations by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... follows: International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Publication No. 179, entitled “Precision Sound Level Meters,” dated 1973. (d) Availability for purchase. Published material incorporated by reference...

Chemigation with micronized sulfur rapidly reduces soil pH in northern highbush blueberry

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Northern highbush blueberry is adapted to low soil pH in the range of 4.5–5.5. When pH is higher, soil is usually acidified by incorporating elemental sulfur (S) prior to planting. A study was conducted to determine the potential of applying micronized S by chemigation through the drip system to red...

Incorporating Nonchemical Stressors Into Cumulative Risk Assessments

PubMed Central

Rider, Cynthia V.; Dourson, Michael L.; Hertzberg, Richard C.; Mumtaz, Moiz M.; Price, Paul S.; Simmons, Jane Ellen

2012-01-01

The role of nonchemical stressors in modulating the human health risk associated with chemical exposures is an area of increasing attention. On 9 March 2011, a workshop titled “Approaches for Incorporating Nonchemical Stressors into Cumulative Risk Assessment” took place during the 50th Anniversary Annual Society of Toxicology Meeting in Washington D.C. Objectives of the workshop included describing the current state of the science from various perspectives (i.e., regulatory, exposure, modeling, and risk assessment) and presenting expert opinions on currently available methods for incorporating nonchemical stressors into cumulative risk assessments. Herein, distinct frameworks for characterizing exposure to, joint effects of, and risk associated with chemical and nonchemical stressors are discussed. PMID:22345310

21 CFR 1141.12 - Incorporation by reference of required warnings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Incorporation by reference of required warnings... SERVICES (CONTINUED) TOBACCO PRODUCTS CIGARETTE PACKAGE AND ADVERTISING WARNINGS Cigarette Package and Advertising Warnings § 1141.12 Incorporation by reference of required warnings. “Cigarette Required Warnings...

The influence of abrupt increases in seawater pCO2 on plankton productivity in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean

PubMed Central

Böttjer, Daniela; Letelier, Ricardo M.; Church, Matthew J.

2018-01-01

We conducted a series of experiments to examine short-term (2–5 days) effects of abrupt increases in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) in seawater on rates of primary and bacterial production at Station ALOHA (22°45’ N, 158° W) in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG). The majority of experiments (8 of 10 total) displayed no response in rates of primary production (measured by 14C-bicarbonate assimilation; 14C-PP) under elevated pCO2 (~1100 μatm) compared to ambient pCO2 (~387 μatm). In 2 of 10 experiments, rates of 14C-PP decreased significantly (~43%) under elevated pCO2 treatments relative to controls. Similarly, no significant differences between treatments were observed in 6 of 7 experiments where bacterial production was measured via incorporation of 3H-leucine (3H-Leu), while in 1 experiment, rates of 3H-Leu incorporation measured in the dark (3H-LeuDark) increased more than 2-fold under high pCO2 conditions. We also examined photoperiod-length, depth-dependent (0–125 m) responses in rates of 14C-PP and 3H-Leu incorporation to abrupt pCO2 increases (to ~750 μatm). In the majority of these depth-resolved experiments (4 of 5 total), rates of 14C-PP demonstrated no consistent response to elevated pCO2. In 2 of 5 depth-resolved experiments, rates of 3H-LeuDark incorporation were lower (10% to 15%) under elevated pCO2 compared to controls. Our results revealed that rates of 14C-PP and bacterial production in this persistently oligotrophic habitat generally demonstrated no or weak responses to abrupt changes in pCO2. We postulate that any effects caused by changes in pCO2 may be masked or outweighed by the role that nutrient availability and temperature play in controlling metabolism in this ecosystem. PMID:29694353

Restriction-modification mediated barriers to exogenous DNA uptake and incorporation employed by Prevotella intermedia.

PubMed

Johnston, Christopher D; Skeete, Chelsey A; Fomenkov, Alexey; Roberts, Richard J; Rittling, Susan R

2017-01-01

Prevotella intermedia, a major periodontal pathogen, is increasingly implicated in human respiratory tract and cystic fibrosis lung infections. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms employed by this pathogen remain only partially characterized and poorly understood, largely due to its total lack of genetic accessibility. Here, using Single Molecule, Real-Time (SMRT) genome and methylome sequencing, bisulfite sequencing, in addition to cloning and restriction analysis, we define the specific genetic barriers to exogenous DNA present in two of the most widespread laboratory strains, P. intermedia ATCC 25611 and P. intermedia Strain 17. We identified and characterized multiple restriction-modification (R-M) systems, some of which are considerably divergent between the two strains. We propose that these R-M systems are the root cause of the P. intermedia transformation barrier. Additionally, we note the presence of conserved Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR) systems in both strains, which could provide a further barrier to exogenous DNA uptake and incorporation. This work will provide a valuable resource during the development of a genetic system for P. intermedia, which will be required for fundamental investigation of this organism's physiology, metabolism, and pathogenesis in human disease.

Restriction-modification mediated barriers to exogenous DNA uptake and incorporation employed by Prevotella intermedia

PubMed Central

Skeete, Chelsey A.; Fomenkov, Alexey; Roberts, Richard J.; Rittling, Susan R.

2017-01-01

Prevotella intermedia, a major periodontal pathogen, is increasingly implicated in human respiratory tract and cystic fibrosis lung infections. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms employed by this pathogen remain only partially characterized and poorly understood, largely due to its total lack of genetic accessibility. Here, using Single Molecule, Real-Time (SMRT) genome and methylome sequencing, bisulfite sequencing, in addition to cloning and restriction analysis, we define the specific genetic barriers to exogenous DNA present in two of the most widespread laboratory strains, P. intermedia ATCC 25611 and P. intermedia Strain 17. We identified and characterized multiple restriction-modification (R-M) systems, some of which are considerably divergent between the two strains. We propose that these R-M systems are the root cause of the P. intermedia transformation barrier. Additionally, we note the presence of conserved Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR) systems in both strains, which could provide a further barrier to exogenous DNA uptake and incorporation. This work will provide a valuable resource during the development of a genetic system for P. intermedia, which will be required for fundamental investigation of this organism’s physiology, metabolism, and pathogenesis in human disease. PMID:28934361

Effect of Rubidium Incorporation on the Structural, Electrical, and Photovoltaic Properties of Methylammonium Lead Iodide-Based Perovskite Solar Cells.

PubMed

Park, Ik Jae; Seo, Seongrok; Park, Min Ah; Lee, Sangwook; Kim, Dong Hoe; Zhu, Kai; Shin, Hyunjung; Kim, Jin Young

2017-12-06

We report the electrical properties of rubidium-incorporated methylammonium lead iodide ((Rb x MA 1-x )PbI 3 ) films and the photovoltaic performance of (Rb x MA 1-x )PbI 3 film-based p-i-n-type perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The incorporation of a small amount of Rb + (x = 0.05) increases both the open circuit voltage (V oc ) and the short circuit photocurrent density (J sc ) of the PSCs, leading to an improved power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, a high fraction of Rb + incorporation (x = 0.1 and 0.2) decreases the J sc and thus the PCE, which is attributed to the phase segregation of the single tetragonal perovskite phase to a MA-rich tetragonal perovskite phase and a RbPbI 3 orthorhombic phase at high Rb fractions. Conductive atomic force microscopic and admittance spectroscopic analyses reveal that the single-phase (Rb 0.05 MA 0.95 )PbI 3 film has a high electrical conductivity because of a reduced deep-level trap density. We also found that Rb substitution enhances the diode characteristics of the PSC, as evidenced by the reduced reverse saturation current (J 0 ). The optimized (Rb x MA 1-x )PbI 3 PSCs exhibited a PCE of 18.8% with negligible hysteresis in the photocurrent-voltage curve. The results from this work enhance the understanding of the effect of Rb incorporation into organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskites and enable the exploration of Rb-incorporated mixed perovskites for various applications, such as solar cells, photodetectors, and light-emitting diodes.