Combining stable isotopes with contamination indicators: A method for improved investigation of nitrate sources and dynamics in aquifers with mixed nitrogen inputs.

PubMed

Minet, E P; Goodhue, R; Meier-Augenstein, W; Kalin, R M; Fenton, O; Richards, K G; Coxon, C E

2017-11-01

Excessive nitrate (NO 3 - ) concentration in groundwater raises health and environmental issues that must be addressed by all European Union (EU) member states under the Nitrates Directive and the Water Framework Directive. The identification of NO 3 - sources is critical to efficiently control or reverse NO 3 - contamination that affects many aquifers. In that respect, the use of stable isotope ratios 15 N/ 14 N and 18 O/ 16 O in NO 3 - (expressed as δ 15 N-NO 3 - and δ 18 O-NO 3 - , respectively) has long shown its value. However, limitations exist in complex environments where multiple nitrogen (N) sources coexist. This two-year study explores a method for improved NO 3 - source investigation in a shallow unconfined aquifer with mixed N inputs and a long established NO 3 - problem. In this tillage-dominated area of free-draining soil and subsoil, suspected NO 3 - sources were diffuse applications of artificial fertiliser and organic point sources (septic tanks and farmyards). Bearing in mind that artificial diffuse sources were ubiquitous, groundwater samples were first classified according to a combination of two indicators relevant of point source contamination: presence/absence of organic point sources (i.e. septic tank and/or farmyard) near sampling wells and exceedance/non-exceedance of a contamination threshold value for sodium (Na + ) in groundwater. This classification identified three contamination groups: agricultural diffuse source but no point source (D+P-), agricultural diffuse and point source (D+P+) and agricultural diffuse but point source occurrence ambiguous (D+P±). Thereafter δ 15 N-NO 3 - and δ 18 O-NO 3 - data were superimposed on the classification. As δ 15 N-NO 3 - was plotted against δ 18 O-NO 3 - , comparisons were made between the different contamination groups. Overall, both δ variables were significantly and positively correlated (p < 0.0001, r s  = 0.599, slope of 0.5), which was indicative of denitrification. An inspection of the contamination groups revealed that denitrification did not occur in the absence of point source contamination (group D+P-). In fact, strong significant denitrification lines occurred only in the D+P+ and D+P± groups (p < 0.0001, r s  > 0.6, 0.53 ≤ slope ≤ 0.76), i.e. where point source contamination was characterised or suspected. These lines originated from the 2-6‰ range for δ 15 N-NO 3 - , which suggests that i) NO 3 - contamination was dominated by an agricultural diffuse N source (most likely the large organic matter pool that has incorporated 15 N-depleted nitrogen from artificial fertiliser in agricultural soils and whose nitrification is stimulated by ploughing and fertilisation) rather than point sources and ii) denitrification was possibly favoured by high dissolved organic content (DOC) from point sources. Combining contamination indicators and a large stable isotope dataset collected over a large study area could therefore improve our understanding of the NO 3 - contamination processes in groundwater for better land use management. We hypothesise that in future research, additional contamination indicators (e.g. pharmaceutical molecules) could also be combined to disentangle NO 3 - contamination from animal and human wastes. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Product of heart rate and first heart sound amplitude as an index of myocardial metabolic stress during graded exercise.

PubMed

Tanaka, Hiroaki; Matsuda, Takuro; Tobina, Takuro; Yamada, Yousuke; Yamagishi, Tamiharu; Sakai, Hideaki; Obara, Shigeru; Higaki, Yasuki; Kiyonaga, Akira; Brubaker, Peter H

2013-01-01

The double product (DP) breakpoint of heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure has been identified as coincident with anaerobic threshold (AT), but there are no simple methods for measuring cardiac metabolic stress (CMS) during an exercise test. It was hypothesized that the DP of HR and the amplitude of the first heart sound (AHS1) (DP-AHS1) would reflect CMS, and thus, the breakpoint in the DP-AHS1 (DPBP-AHS1) could be an alternative method for determining AT. Subjects (age range, 18-73 years) were recruited to perform a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer with continuous monitoring of DP-AHS1, with left ventricular pressure (LVP; experiment 1, Ex1), plasma catecholamine and blood lactate (experiment 2, Ex2) and gas exchange (experiment 3, Ex3). Ex1: in all subjects there was a strong correlation between AHS1 and LVdP/dtmax (r=0.94-0.98), and between the DP-AHS1 and the triple product of HR, LVdP/dtmax, and max LVP (r=0.98-0.99). Ex2: DP-AHS1 was strongly correlated with adrenaline (r=0.97-1.00) and lactate (r=0.96-1.00) levels in all subjects. Ex3: there was a strong correlation between DPBP-AHS1, AT and maximum oxygen consumption. The present simple measure of DP-AHS1 can reflect plasma adrenaline and lactate levels during graded exercise testing. Further, DPBP-AHS1 is a surrogate marker of AT and a good index of functional aerobic capacity.

Study of the GPS inter-frequency calibration of timing receivers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Defraigne, P.; Huang, W.; Bertrand, B.; Rovera, D.

2018-02-01

When calibrating Global Positioning System (GPS) stations dedicated to timing, the hardware delays of P1 and P2, the P(Y)-codes on frequencies L1 and L2, are determined separately. In the international atomic time (TAI) network the GPS stations of the time laboratories are calibrated relatively against reference stations. This paper aims at determining the consistency between the P1 and P2 hardware delays (called dP1 and dP2) of these reference stations, and to look at the stability of the inter-signal hardware delays dP1-dP2 of all the stations in the network. The method consists of determining the dP1-dP2 directly from the GPS pseudorange measurements corrected for the frequency-dependent antenna phase center and the frequency-dependent ionosphere corrections, and then to compare these computed dP1-dP2 to the calibrated values. Our results show that the differences between the computed and calibrated dP1-dP2 are well inside the expected combined uncertainty of the two quantities. Furthermore, the consistency between the calibrated time transfer solution obtained from either single-frequency P1 or dual-frequency P3 for reference laboratories is shown to be about 1.0 ns, well inside the 2.1 ns uB uncertainty of a time transfer link based on GPS P3 or Precise Point Positioning. This demonstrates the good consistency between the P1 and P2 hardware delays of the reference stations used for calibration in the TAI network. The long-term stability of the inter-signal hardware delays is also analysed from the computed dP1-dP2. It is shown that only variations larger than 2 ns can be detected for a particular station, while variations of 200 ps can be detected when differentiating the results between two stations. Finally, we also show that in the differential calibration process as used in the TAI network, using the same antenna phase center or using different positions for L1 and L2 signals gives maximum differences of 200 ps on the hardware delays of the separate codes P1 and P2; however, the final impact on the P3 combination is less than 10 ps.

Right hepatic lobe donation adversely affects donor life insurability up to one year after donation.

PubMed

Nissing, Matthew H; Hayashi, Paul H

2005-07-01

There are no data regarding hepatic lobe donation effects on donor life insurability. Two investigators called 10 agents of 10 different large life insurance companies. One investigator gave a fictitious profile: Caucasian man, 33 years old, nonsmoker, without medical problems (control profile [CP]). The other investigator used the same profile with a history of uncomplicated right lobe donation 12 months earlier (donor profile [DP]). Investigators asked for premium quotes on a $100,000 term life policy. No medical testing or record review was allowed. Investigators were blinded to the results of each other's calls. Agents were unaware of the study. We documented underwriting decisions, premiums quoted, stipulations, number of phone calls, and phone time. All 10 companies would pursue underwriting CP at their lowest, "preferred" rate. Five would do the same for DP. Two might underwrite DP at a more expensive "standard" rate, but a "preferred" rate would be less likely. One would underwrite DP at the "standard" rate; one would not underwrite DP. One agent did not return follow-up calls (DP insurability < CP, P = 0.04). Mean quoted premiums were lower for CP vs. DP ($189/yr. vs. $202/yr., P = 0.56). Median number of phone calls required was 1 for CP and 3 for DP (P = 0.01). Mean telephone minutes were 4.2 for CP and 8.0 for DP (P = 0.004). In conclusion, right hepatic lobe donation decreases life insurability 1 year after uncomplicated donation. Donors can expect some increased difficulty obtaining life insurance, but they should find a company willing to pursue underwriting. The premium paid may be slightly higher.

Scheduled Intermittent Screening with Rapid Diagnostic Tests and Treatment with Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine versus Intermittent Preventive Therapy with Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine for Malaria in Pregnancy in Malawi: An Open-Label Randomized Controlled Trial.

PubMed

Madanitsa, Mwayiwawo; Kalilani, Linda; Mwapasa, Victor; van Eijk, Anna M; Khairallah, Carole; Ali, Doreen; Pace, Cheryl; Smedley, James; Thwai, Kyaw-Lay; Levitt, Brandt; Wang, Duolao; Kang'ombe, Arthur; Faragher, Brian; Taylor, Steve M; Meshnick, Steve; Ter Kuile, Feiko O

2016-09-01

In Africa, most plasmodium infections during pregnancy remain asymptomatic, yet are associated with maternal anemia and low birthweight. WHO recommends intermittent preventive therapy in pregnancy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP). However, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) efficacy is threatened by high-level parasite resistance. We conducted a trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of scheduled intermittent screening with malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and treatment of RDT-positive women with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) as an alternative strategy to IPTp-SP. This was an open-label, two-arm individually randomized superiority trial among HIV-seronegative women at three sites in Malawi with high SP resistance. The intervention consisted of three or four scheduled visits in the second and third trimester, 4 to 6 wk apart. Women in the IPTp-SP arm received SP at each visit. Women in the intermittent screening and treatment in pregnancy with DP (ISTp-DP) arm were screened for malaria at every visit and treated with DP if RDT-positive. The primary outcomes were adverse live birth outcome (composite of small for gestational age, low birthweight [<2,500 g], or preterm birth [<37 wk]) in paucigravidae (first or second pregnancy) and maternal or placental plasmodium infection at delivery in multigravidae (third pregnancy or higher). Analysis was by intention to treat. Between 21 July 2011 and 18 March 2013, 1,873 women were recruited (1,155 paucigravidae and 718 multigravidae). The prevalence of adverse live birth outcome was similar in the ISTp-DP (29.9%) and IPTp-SP (28.8%) arms (risk difference = 1.08% [95% CI -3.25% to 5.41%]; all women: relative risk [RR] = 1.04 [95% CI 0.90-1.20], p = 0.625; paucigravidae: RR = 1.10 [95% CI 0.92-1.31], p = 0.282; multigravidae: RR = 0.92 [95% CI 0.71-1.20], p = 0.543). The prevalence of malaria at delivery was higher in the ISTp-DP arm (48.7% versus 40.8%; risk difference = 7.85%, [95% CI 3.07%-12.63%]; all women: RR = 1.19 [95% CI 1.07-1.33], p = 0.007; paucigravidae: RR = 1.16 [95% CI 1.04-1.31], p = 0.011; multigravidae: RR = 1.29 [95% CI 1.02-1.63], p = 0.037). Fetal loss was more common with ISTp-DP (2.6% versus 1.3%; RR = 2.06 [95% CI 1.01-4.21], p = 0.046) and highest among non-DP-recipients (3.1%) in the ISTp-DP arm. Limitations included the open-label design. Scheduled screening for malaria parasites with the current generation of RDTs three to four times during pregnancy as part of focused antenatal care was not superior to IPTp-SP in this area with high malaria transmission and high SP resistance and was associated with higher fetal loss and more malaria at delivery. Pan African Clinical Trials Registry PACTR201103000280319; ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN69800930.

Bioavailability and tissue distribution of Dechloranes in wild frogs (Rana limnocharis) from an e-waste recycling area in Southeast China.

PubMed

Li, Long; Wang, Wenyue; Lv, Quanxia; Ben, Yujie; Li, Xinghong

2014-03-01

Dechlorane Plus (DP), a flame retardant used as an alternative to decabromodiphenylether, has been frequently detected in organisms, indicating its bioaccumulation and biomagnification potential in aquatic and terrestrial species. However, little data is available on the bioaccumulation of DP in amphibians. Dechlorane Plus and its analogs (DPs) were detected in the liver, muscle and brain tissues of wild frogs (Rana limnocharis), which were collected from an e-waste recycling site, Southeast China. DP, Mirex, Dec 602 and a dechlorinated compound of DP (anti-Cl11-DP) varied in the range of 2.01-291, 0.650-179, 0.260-12.4, and not detected (nd)-8.67 ng/g lipid weight, respectively. No difference of tissue distribution was found for syn-DP, Mirex and Dec 602 between the liver and muscle tissue (liver/muscle concentration ratio close to 1, p > 0.05). However, higher retention was observed for anti-DP and anti-Cl11-DP in the frog muscle relative to the liver tissue (liver/muscle concentration ratio < 1, p < 0.05). Additionally, the blood-brain barrier was found to work efficiently to suppress these compounds entering brain tissues in this species (liver/brain concentration ratio > 1, p < 0.05), and the molecular weight was a key factor impacting the extent of the blood-brain barrier. Compared to levels in the muscle and brain tissue, a preferential enrichment of syn-DP was observed in the liver tissue, suggesting the occurrence of stereo-selective bioaccumulation in the wild frog. Copyright © 2014 The Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Measurements of hadronic B decays to excited-charm mesons, observation of a new charm resonance and construction of a silicon vertex detector for CLEO II.V

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nelson, Timothy Knight

We describe measurements of the branching ratios B(B --->D*+p- p-total) =(29.2+/-4.5+/-3.8+/-3.1) ×10-4 B(B- --> D*+p- p -non- res)=( 9.7+/-3.6+/-1.5+/-1.9)× 10- 4 B(B---> D1(2420) 0p-) B(D1( 2420)0--> D*+p- )= (6.9+1.8-1.4 +/-1.1+/-0.4)× 10-4 B(B---> D01( j= / )p- ) B(D01 (j= /) -->D* +p-) = ( 10.6+/-1.9+/-1.7+/-2.3)× 10-4 B(B---> D*2( 2460)0p- )B(D *2( 2460)0--> D*+p- )= (3.1+/- 0.84+/-0.46+/-0.28)×10 -4, using data collected by the CLEO II detector. These measurements provide the first observation of the D01(j=/) with a mass and width of 2.461+0.053- 0.049GeV and 290+110 - 91MeV respectively. The mixing angles between the partial waves and strong phase shifts among the resonances are also measured assuming one possible parameterization of the amplitude. A method allowing full reconstruction of the signal without reconstruction of the D meson in the final state is used. The measurements are extracted using an four-dimensional, unbinned, maximum- likelihood fit to the distributions of the D*+p- mass and the decay angles. The primary element of the CLEO II.V upgrade was the installation of a three-layer Silicon Vertexing Detector. The design and construction of this detector are described in detail.

Biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stents versus durable polymer everolimus-eluting stents for primary percutaneous coronary revascularisation of acute myocardial infarction.

PubMed

Pilgrim, Thomas; Piccolo, Raffaele; Heg, Dik; Roffi, Marco; Tüller, David; Vuilliomenet, André; Muller, Olivier; Cook, Stéphane; Weilenmann, Daniel; Kaiser, Christoph; Jamshidi, Peiman; Khattab, Ahmed A; Taniwaki, Masanori; Rigamonti, Fabio; Nietlispach, Fabian; Blöchlinger, Stefan; Wenaweser, Peter; Jüni, Peter; Windecker, Stephan

2016-12-10

Our aim was to compare the safety and efficacy of a novel, ultrathin strut, biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent (BP-SES) with a thin strut, durable polymer everolimus-eluting stent (DP-EES) in a pre-specified subgroup of patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) enrolled in the BIOSCIENCE trial. The BIOSCIENCE trial is an investigator-initiated, single-blind, multicentre, randomised non-inferiority trial (NCT01443104). Randomisation was stratified according to the presence or absence of STEMI. The primary endpoint, target lesion failure (TLF), is a composite of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, and clinically indicated target lesion revascularisation within 12 months. Between February 2012 and May 2013, 407 STEMI patients were randomly assigned to treatment with BP-SES or DP-EES. At one year, TLF occurred in seven (3.4%) patients treated with BP-SES and 17 (8.8%) patients treated with DP-EES (RR 0.38, 95% CI: 0.16-0.91, p=0.024). Rates of cardiac death were 1.5% in the BP-SES group and 4.7% in the DP-EES group (RR 0.31, 95% CI: 0.08-1.14, p=0.062); rates of target vessel myocardial infarction were 0.5% and 2.6% (RR 0.18, 95% CI: 0.02-1.57, p=0.082), respectively, and rates of clinically indicated target lesion revascularisation were 1.5% in the BP-SES group versus 2.1% in the DP-EES group (RR 0.69, 95% CI: 0.16-3.10, p=0.631). There was no difference in the risk of definite stent thrombosis. In this pre-specified subgroup analysis, BP-SES was associated with a lower rate of target lesion failure at one year compared to DP-EES in STEMI patients. These findings require confirmation in a dedicated STEMI trial.

The effects of a 6-month resistance training and dried plum consumption intervention on strength, body composition, blood markers of bone turnover, and inflammation in breast cancer survivors.

PubMed

Simonavice, Emily; Liu, Pei-Yang; Ilich, Jasminka Z; Kim, Jeong-Su; Arjmandi, Bahram; Panton, Lynn B

2014-06-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of resistance training (RT) and dried plum (DP) consumption on strength, body composition, blood markers of bone, and inflammation in breast cancer survivors (BCS). Twenty-three BCS (RT, n = 12; RT+DP, n = 11), aged 64 ± 7 years, were evaluated at baseline and after 6 months of intervention on the following: muscular strength (chest press and leg extension) via 1-repetition maximums (1RMs); body composition, specifically bone mineral density (BMD) by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; biochemical markers of bone turnover (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP-5b)); and inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP)). Target RT prescription was 2 days/week of 10 exercises, including 2 sets of 8-12 repetitions at ∼60%-80% of 1RM. RT+DP also consumed 90 g of DP daily. There were no baseline differences between groups or any group-by-time interactions for any of the variables. BCS increased upper (p < 0.05) (RT: 64 ± 14 to 80 ± 17 kg; RT+DP: 72 ± 23 to 91 ± 20 kg) and lower (p < 0.05) (RT: 69 ± 20 to 87 ± 28 kg; RT+DP: 78 ± 19 to 100 ± 21 kg) body strength. Body composition and BMD improvements were not observed. TRAP-5b decreased in the RT group (p < 0.05) (4.55 ± 1.57 to 4.04 ± 1.63 U/L) and the RT+DP group (p = 0.07) (5.10 ± 2.75 to 4.27 ± 2.03 U/L). Changes in BAP and CRP were not observed. RT was effective for improving biochemical markers of bone turnover and muscular strength in BCS. A longer and higher intensity intervention may be needed to reveal the true effects of RT and DP on body composition and biochemical markers of inflammation.

Dose painting to treat single-lobe prostate cancer with hypofractionated high-dose radiation using targeted external beam radiation: Is it feasible?

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Amini, Arya; Westerly, David C.; Waxweiler, Timothy V.

Targeted focal therapy strategies for treating single-lobe prostate cancer are under investigation. In this planning study, we investigate the feasibility of treating a portion of the prostate to full-dose external beam radiation with reduced dose to the opposite lobe, compared with full-dose radiation delivered to the entire gland using hypofractionated radiation. For 10 consecutive patients with low- to intermediate-risk prostate cancer, 2 hypofractionated, single-arc volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans were designed. The first plan (standard hypofractionation regimen [STD]) included the entire prostate gland, treated to 70 Gy delivered in 28 fractions. The second dose painting plan (DP) encompassed the involvedmore » lobe treated to 70 Gy delivered in 28 fractions, whereas the opposing, uninvolved lobe received 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions. Mean dose to the opposing neurovascular bundle (NVB) was considerably lower for DP vs STD, with a mean dose of 53.9 vs 72.3 Gy (p < 0.001). Mean penile bulb dose was 18.6 Gy for DP vs 19.2 Gy for STD (p = 0.880). Mean rectal dose was 21.0 Gy for DP vs 22.8 Gy for STD (p = 0.356). Rectum V{sub 70} (the volume receiving ≥70 Gy) was 2.01% for DP vs 2.74% for STD (p = 0.328). Bladder V{sub 70} was 1.69% for DP vs 2.78% for STD (p = 0.232). Planning target volume (PTV) maximum dose points were 76.5 and 76.3 Gy for DP and STD, respectively (p = 0.760). This study demonstrates the feasibility of using VMAT for partial-lobe prostate radiation in patients with prostate cancer involving 1 lobe. Partial-lobe prostate plans appeared to spare adjacent critical structures including the opposite NVB.« less

Crossover from isotropic to directed percolation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Zongzheng; Yang, Ji; Ziff, Robert M.; Deng, Youjin

2012-08-01

We generalize the directed percolation (DP) model by relaxing the strict directionality of DP such that propagation can occur in either direction but with anisotropic probabilities. We denote the probabilities as p↓=ppd and p↑=p(1-pd), with p representing the average occupation probability and pd controlling the anisotropy. The Leath-Alexandrowicz method is used to grow a cluster from an active seed site. We call this model with two main growth directions biased directed percolation (BDP). Standard isotropic percolation (IP) and DP are the two limiting cases of the BDP model, corresponding to pd=1/2 and pd=0,1 respectively. In this work, besides IP and DP, we also consider the 1/2

Interaction study of aspirin or clopidogrel on pharmacokinetics of donepezil hydrochloride in rats by HPLC-fluorescence detection.

PubMed

Wada, Mitsuhiro; Nishiwaki, Junichiro; Yamane, Tomoko; Ohwaki, Yuichi; Aboul-Enein, Hassan Y; Nakashima, Kenichiro

2007-06-01

The present study aims to investigate the possibility of interaction of aspirin (Asp) or clopidogrel (CG) on donepezil (DP) hydrochloride in rats by HPLC-fluorescence detection. The separation of DP was achieved in ca. 13 min without interference of Asp and CG on the chromatogram. DP levels in rat plasma with a single administration of DP (5 mg/kg, i.p., group I) and those with a co-administration of Asp (200 mg/kg, p.o., group II or 200 mg/kg, i.p., group III) or CG (5 mg/kg, p.o., group IV) were monitored. The DP concentrations determined in rat plasma ranged from 25.0 to 336.1 ng/mL. Pharmacokinetic parameters for these groups were calculated and compared with one another. No significant difference was observed on the comparison of group I with other groups except for the mean resident time of group IV (p = 0.012). These basic findings may help clinical inference when DP is co-administered with Asp and CG to human. Copyright 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Circulating CD4+CD28null and extra-thymic CD4+CD8+ double positive T cells are independently associated with disease damage in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.

PubMed

Ugarte-Gil, M F; Sánchez-Zúñiga, C; Gamboa-Cárdenas, R V; Aliaga-Zamudio, M; Zevallos, F; Tineo-Pozo, G; Cucho-Venegas, J M; Mosqueira-Riveros, A; Medina, M; Perich-Campos, R A; Alfaro-Lozano, J L; Rodriguez-Bellido, Z; Alarcón, G S; Pastor-Asurza, C A

2016-03-01

To determine whether circulating CD4+CD28null and extra-thymic CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP) T cells are independently associated with damage accrual in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2013 and April 2014 in consecutive SLE patients from our Rheumatology Department. CD4+CD28null and CD4+CD8+ DP T-cell frequencies were analyzed by flow-cytometry. The association of damage (SLICC/ACR Damage Index, SDI) and CD4+CD28null and CD4+CD8+ DP T cells was examined by univariable and multivariable Poisson regression models, adjusting for possible confounders. All analyses were performed using SPSS 21.0. Patients' (n = 133) mean (SD) age at diagnosis was 35.5 (16.8) years, 124 (93.2%) were female; all were mestizo (mixed Caucasian and Amerindian ancestry). Disease duration was 7.4 (6.8) years. The SLE Disease Activity Index was 5.5 (4.2), and the SDI 0.9 (1.2). The percentages of CD4+CD28null and CD4+CD8+ DP T cells were 17.1 (14.4) and 0.4 (1.4), respectively. The percentage of CD4+CD28null and CD4+CD8+ DP T cells were positively associated with a higher SDI in both univariable (rate ratio (RR) 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.03 and 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07-1.27, respectively; p < 0.001 for both) and multivariable analyses RR 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01-1.03, p = 0.001 for CD4+CD28null T cells and 1.28, 95% CI: 1.13-1.44, p < 0.001 for CD4+CD8+ DP T cells). Only the renal domain remained associated with CD4+CD28null in multivariable analyses (RR 1.023 (1.002-1.045); p = 0.034). In SLE patients, CD4+CD28null and CD4+CD8+ DP T cells are independently associated with disease damage. Longitudinal studies are warranted to determine the predictive value of these associations. © The Author(s) 2015.

Direct and simultaneous quantification of tannin mean degree of polymerization and percentage of galloylation in grape seeds using diffuse reflectance fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy.

PubMed

Pappas, Christos; Kyraleou, Maria; Voskidi, Eleni; Kotseridis, Yorgos; Taranilis, Petros A; Kallithraka, Stamatina

2015-02-01

The direct and simultaneous quantitative determination of the mean degree of polymerization (mDP) and the degree of galloylation (%G) in grape seeds were quantified using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy and partial least squares (PLS). The results were compared with those obtained using the conventional analysis employing phloroglucinolysis as pretreatment followed by high performance liquid chromatography-UV and mass spectrometry detection. Infrared spectra were recorded in solid state samples after freeze drying. The 2nd derivative of the 1832 to 1416 and 918 to 739 cm(-1) spectral regions for the quantification of mDP, the 2nd derivative of the 1813 to 607 cm(-1) spectral region for the degree of %G determination and PLS regression were used. The determination coefficients (R(2) ) of mDP and %G were 0.99 and 0.98, respectively. The corresponding values of the root-mean-square error of calibration were found 0.506 and 0.692, the root-mean-square error of cross validation 0.811 and 0.921, and the root-mean-square error of prediction 0.612 and 0.801. The proposed method in comparison with the conventional method is simpler, less time consuming, more economical, and requires reduced quantities of chemical reagents and fewer sample pretreatment steps. It could be a starting point for the design of more specific models according to the requirements of the wineries. © 2015 Institute of Food Technologists®

HLA-DPB1 and HLA Class I Confer Risk of and Protection from Narcolepsy

PubMed Central

Ollila, Hanna M.; Ravel, Jean-Marie; Han, Fang; Faraco, Juliette; Lin, Ling; Zheng, Xiuwen; Plazzi, Giuseppe; Dauvilliers, Yves; Pizza, Fabio; Hong, Seung-Chul; Jennum, Poul; Knudsen, Stine; Kornum, Birgitte R.; Dong, Xiao Song; Yan, Han; Hong, Heeseung; Coquillard, Cristin; Mahlios, Joshua; Jolanki, Otto; Einen, Mali; Lavault, Sophie; Högl, Birgit; Frauscher, Birgit; Crowe, Catherine; Partinen, Markku; Huang, Yu Shu; Bourgin, Patrice; Vaarala, Outi; Désautels, Alex; Montplaisir, Jacques; Mack, Steven J.; Mindrinos, Michael; Fernandez-Vina, Marcelo; Mignot, Emmanuel

2015-01-01

Type 1 narcolepsy, a disorder caused by a lack of hypocretin (orexin), is so strongly associated with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II HLA-DQA1∗01:02-DQB1∗06:02 (DQ0602) that very few non-DQ0602 cases have been reported. A known triggering factor for narcolepsy is pandemic 2009 influenza H1N1, suggesting autoimmunity triggered by upper-airway infections. Additional effects of other HLA-DQ alleles have been reported consistently across multiple ethnic groups. Using over 3,000 case and 10,000 control individuals of European and Chinese background, we examined the effects of other HLA loci. After careful matching of HLA-DR and HLA-DQ in case and control individuals, we found strong protective effects of HLA-DPA1∗01:03-DPB1∗04:02 (DP0402; odds ratio [OR] = 0.51 [0.38–0.67], p = 1.01 × 10−6) and HLA-DPA1∗01:03-DPB1∗04:01 (DP0401; OR = 0.61 [0.47–0.80], p = 2.07 × 10−4) and predisposing effects of HLA-DPB1∗05:01 in Asians (OR = 1.76 [1.34–2.31], p = 4.71 × 10−05). Similar effects were found by conditional analysis controlling for HLA-DR and HLA-DQ with DP0402 (OR = 0.45 [0.38–0.55] p = 8.99 × 10−17) and DP0501 (OR = 1.38 [1.18–1.61], p = 7.11 × 10−5). HLA-class-II-independent associations with HLA-A∗11:01 (OR = 1.32 [1.13–1.54], p = 4.92 × 10−4), HLA-B∗35:03 (OR = 1.96 [1.41–2.70], p = 5.14 × 10−5), and HLA-B∗51:01 (OR = 1.49 [1.25–1.78], p = 1.09 × 10−5) were also seen across ethnic groups in the HLA class I region. These effects might reflect modulation of autoimmunity or indirect effects of HLA class I and HLA-DP alleles on response to viral infections such as that of influenza. PMID:25574827

Assessing the Location of Surface Plasmons Over Nanotriangle and Nanohole Arrays of Different Size and Periodicity

PubMed Central

Correia-Ledo, Debby; Gibson, Kirsty F.; Dhawan, Anuj; Couture, Maxime; Vo-Dinh, Tuan; Graham, Duncan; Masson, Jean-Francois

2012-01-01

The increasing popularity of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor design based on nanotriangle or nanohole arrays, and the possibility to manufacture substrates at the transition between these plasmonic substrates, makes them ideal candidates for the establishment of structure-property relationships. This work features near diffraction-limited Raman images and FDTD simulations of nanotriangle and nanohole arrays substrates, which clearly demonstrate that the localization of the hot spot on these SERS substrates is significantly influenced by the ratio of diameter/periodicity (D/P). The experimental and simulation data reveal that the hot spots are located around nanotriangles (D/P = 1), characteristic of localized SPR. Decreasing the D/P ratio to 0.75-0.7 led to the creation of nanohole arrays, which promoted the excitation of a propagating surface plasmon (SP) delocalized over the metal network. The optimal SERS intensity was consistently achieved at this transition from nanotriangles to nanoholes, for every periodicity (650 nm to 1.5 μm) and excitation wavelength (633 and 785 nm) investigated, despite the presence or absence of a plasmonic band near the laser excitation. Further decreasing the D/P ratio led to excitation of a localized SP located around the rim of nanohole arrays for D/P of 0.5-0.6, in agreement with previous reports. In addition, this manuscript provides the first evidence that the hot spots are positioned inside the hole for D/P of 0.4, with the center being the region of highest electric field and Raman intensity. The compelling experimental evidence and FDTD simulations offer an overall understanding of the plasmonic properties of nanohole arrays as SERS and SPR sensors, which is of significant value in advancing the diversity of applications from such surfaces. PMID:23977402

Impact assessment of projected climate change on diffuse phosphorous loss in Xin'anjiang catchment, China.

PubMed

Zhai, Xiaoyan; Zhang, Yongyong

2018-02-01

Diffuse nutrient loss is a serious threat to water security and has severely deteriorated water quality throughout the world. Xin'anjiang catchment, as a main drinking water source for Hangzhou City, has been a national concern for water environment protection with payment for watershed services construction. Detection of diffuse phosphorous (DP) pollution dynamics under climate change is significant for sustainable water quality management. In this study, the impact of projected climate change on DP load was analyzed using SWAT to simulate the future changes of diffuse components (carriers: water discharge and sediment; nutrient: DP) at both station and sub-catchment scales under three climate change scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5). Results showed that wetting and warming years were expected with increasing tendencies of both precipitation and temperature in the two future periods (2020s: 2021~2030, 2030s: 2031~2040) except in the 2020s in the RCP2.6 scenario, and the annual average increasing ratios of precipitation and temperature reached - 1.79~3.79% and 0.48~1.27 °C, respectively, comparing with those in the baseline (2000s: 2001~2010). Climate change evidently altered annual and monthly average water discharge and sediment load, while it has a remarkable impact on the timing and monthly value of DP load at station scale. DP load tended to increase in the non-flood season at Yuliang due to strengthened nutrient flushing from rice land into rivers with increasing precipitation and enhanced phosphorous cycle in soil layers with increasing temperature, while it tended to decrease in the flood season at Yuliang and in most months at Tunxi due to restricted phosphorous reaction with reduced dissolved oxygen content and enhanced dilution effect. Spatial variability existed in the changes of sediment load and DP load at sub-catchment scale due to climate change. DP load tended to decrease in most sub-catchments and was the most remarkable in the RCP8.5 scenario (2020s, - 9.00~2.63%; 2030s, - 11.16~7.89%), followed by RCP2.6 (2020s, - 10.00~2.90%; 2030s, - 9.00~6.63%) and RCP4.5 (2020s, - 6.81~5.49%, 2030s, - 10.00~9.09%) scenarios. Decreasing of DP load mainly aggregated in the western and eastern mountainous regions, while it tended to increase in the northern and middle regions. This study was expected to provide insights into diffuse nutrient loss control and management in Xin'anjiang catchment, and scientific references for the implementation of water environmental protection in China.

In vitro assessment of the role of DpC in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

PubMed

Xu, Ye-Xing; Zeng, Man-Li; Yu, Di; Ren, Jie; Li, Fen; Zheng, Anyuan; Wang, Yong-Ping; Chen, Chen; Tao, Ze-Zhang

2018-05-01

The present study aimed to investigate the antitumor efficacy of di-2-pyridylketone-4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (DpC) and di-2-pyridylketone-4,4,-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT) on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells. The proliferation and apoptosis of HNSCC cells treated with the iron chelators DpC and Dp44mT were detected. The mechanism of DpC-induced apoptosis on HNSCC cells was investigated. The human HNSCC cell lines FaDu, Cal-27 and SCC-9 were cultured in vitro and exposed to gradient concentrations of DpC and Dp44mT. A Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to detect the viability of FaDu, Cal-27, SCC-9 cells. Double staining with annexin V and propidium iodide was performed for the detection of the proportion of apoptotic FaDu, Cal-27 and SCC-9 cells following treatment. The nuclear damage to Cal-27 cells that were treated with DpC was detected by Hoechst staining. Finally, western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of proteins associated with the DNA damage pathway in Cal-27 cells that were treated with DpC. The CCK-8 assay showed that treatment with DpC and Dp44mT was able to markedly inhibit the viability of FaDu, Cal-27 and SCC-9 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In comparison to Dp44mT, treatment with DpC exhibited a more effective inhibitory effect on the viability of HNSCC cells. The proportion of apoptotic cells detected by flow cytometry increased in a dose-dependent manner in all cell lines following DpC and Dp44mT treatment, with the proportion of apoptotic HNSCC cells induced by DpC treatment being significantly higher compared with Dp44mT (P<0.05). The results of Hoechst staining revealed that the nuclei of Cal-27 cells exhibited morphological changes in response to DpC treatment, including karyopyknosis and nuclear fragmentation. The expression of DNA damage-associated proteins, including phosphorylated (p)-serine-protein kinase ATM, p-serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk1 (p-Chk-1), p-serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR (p-ATR), p-Chk-2, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, p-histone H2AX, breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein, p-tumor protein P53, increased with increasing concentration of DpC in Cal-27 cells. Treatment with DpC and Dp44mT markedly inhibited cell viability and increased the apoptotic rates in human HNSCC cells in a concentration-dependent manner. DpC exhibited a stronger antitumor effect compared with Dp44mT, potentially inducing the apoptosis of HNSCC cells via the upregulation of DNA damage repair-associated proteins.

Sequential peritoneal equilibration test: a new method for assessment and modelling of peritoneal transport.

PubMed

Galach, Magda; Antosiewicz, Stefan; Baczynski, Daniel; Wankowicz, Zofia; Waniewski, Jacek

2013-02-01

In spite of many peritoneal tests proposed, there is still a need for a simple and reliable new approach for deriving detailed information about peritoneal membrane characteristics, especially those related to fluid transport. The sequential peritoneal equilibration test (sPET) that includes PET (glucose 2.27%, 4 h) followed by miniPET (glucose 3.86%, 1 h) was performed in 27 stable continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. Ultrafiltration volumes, glucose absorption, ratio of concentration in dialysis fluid to concentration in plasma (D/P), sodium dip (Dip D/P Sodium), free water fraction (FWF60) and the ultrafiltration passing through small pores at 60 min (UFSP60), were calculated using clinical data. Peritoneal transport parameters were estimated using the three-pore model (3p model) and clinical data. Osmotic conductance for glucose was calculated from the parameters of the model. D/P creatinine correlated with diffusive mass transport parameters for all considered solutes, but not with fluid transport characteristics. Hydraulic permeability (L(p)S) correlated with net ultrafiltration from miniPET, UFSP60, FWF60 and sodium dip. The fraction of ultrasmall pores correlated with FWF60 and sodium dip. The sequential PET described and interpreted mechanisms of ultrafiltration and solute transport. Fluid transport parameters from the 3p model were independent of the PET D/P creatinine, but correlated with fluid transport characteristics from PET and miniPET.

Isotropic resolution diffusion tensor imaging of lumbosacral and sciatic nerves using a phase‐corrected diffusion‐prepared 3D turbo spin echo

PubMed Central

Van, Anh T.; Weidlich, Dominik; Kooijman, Hendrick; Hock, Andreas; Rummeny, Ernst J.; Gersing, Alexandra; Kirschke, Jan S.; Karampinos, Dimitrios C.

2018-01-01

Purpose To perform in vivo isotropic‐resolution diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of lumbosacral and sciatic nerves with a phase‐navigated diffusion‐prepared (DP) 3D turbo spin echo (TSE) acquisition and modified reconstruction incorporating intershot phase‐error correction and to investigate the improvement on image quality and diffusion quantification with the proposed phase correction. Methods Phase‐navigated DP 3D TSE included magnitude stabilizers to minimize motion and eddy‐current effects on the signal magnitude. Phase navigation of motion‐induced phase errors was introduced before readout in 3D TSE. DTI of lower back nerves was performed in vivo using 3D TSE and single‐shot echo planar imaging (ss‐EPI) in 13 subjects. Diffusion data were phase‐corrected per k z plane with respect to T2‐weighted data. The effects of motion‐induced phase errors on DTI quantification was assessed for 3D TSE and compared with ss‐EPI. Results Non–phase‐corrected 3D TSE resulted in artifacts in diffusion‐weighted images and overestimated DTI parameters in the sciatic nerve (mean diffusivity [MD] = 2.06 ± 0.45). Phase correction of 3D TSE DTI data resulted in reductions in all DTI parameters (MD = 1.73 ± 0.26) of statistical significance (P ≤ 0.001) and in closer agreement with ss‐EPI DTI parameters (MD = 1.62 ± 0.21). Conclusion DP 3D TSE with phase correction allows distortion‐free isotropic diffusion imaging of lower back nerves with robustness to motion‐induced artifacts and DTI quantification errors. Magn Reson Med 80:609–618, 2018. © 2018 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes. PMID:29380414

Nonverbal intelligence in young children with dysregulation: the Generation R Study.

PubMed

Basten, Maartje; van der Ende, Jan; Tiemeier, Henning; Althoff, Robert R; Rijlaarsdam, Jolien; Jaddoe, Vincent W V; Hofman, Albert; Hudziak, James J; Verhulst, Frank C; White, Tonya

2014-11-01

Children meeting the Child Behavior Checklist Dysregulation Profile (CBCL-DP) suffer from high levels of co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problems. Little is known about the cognitive abilities of these children with CBCL-DP. We examined the relationship between CBCL-DP and nonverbal intelligence. Parents of 6,131 children from a population-based birth cohort, aged 5 through 7 years, reported problem behavior on the CBCL/1.5-5. The CBCL-DP was derived using latent profile analysis on the CBCL/1.5-5 syndrome scales. Nonverbal intelligence was assessed using the Snijders Oomen Nonverbal Intelligence Test 2.5-7-Revised. We examined the relationship between CBCL-DP and nonverbal intelligence using linear regression. Analyses were adjusted for parental intelligence, parental psychiatric symptoms, socio-economic status, and perinatal factors. In a subsample with diagnostic interview data, we tested if the results were independent of the presence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The results showed that children meeting the CBCL-DP (n = 110, 1.8%) had a 11.0 point lower nonverbal intelligence level than children without problems and 7.2-7.3 points lower nonverbal intelligence level than children meeting other profiles of problem behavior (all p values <0.001). After adjustment for covariates, children with CBCL-DP scored 8.3 points lower than children without problems (p < 0.001). The presence of ADHD or ASD did not account for the lower nonverbal intelligence in children with CBCL-DP. In conclusion, we found that children with CBCL-DP have a considerable lower nonverbal intelligence score. The CBCL-DP and nonverbal intelligence may share a common neurodevelopmental etiology.

Physicians married or partnered to physicians: a comparative study in the American College of Surgeons.

PubMed

Dyrbye, Liselotte N; Shanafelt, Tait D; Balch, Charles M; Satele, Daniel; Freischlag, Julie

2010-11-01

Dual-physician relationships are increasingly common. In this study, the authors explore how surgeons in dual-physician relationships differ from other partnered surgeons in their demographics, practice characteristics, family lives, distress, and job satisfaction. In 2008, members of the American College of Surgeons were asked to complete a survey that included questions on burnout, work-home conflict, and career satisfaction. Among 7,905 responding surgeons (a 32% response rate), 7,120 (90%) had a domestic partner (DP). Half (3,471 of 7,120 [48.8%]) of DPs did not work outside the home, 16.4% (1,165) were physicians, and 34.9% (2,484) were working nonphysicians. Surgeons whose DP was a physician were younger, newer to practice, were more likely to delay having children and to believe childrearing had slowed their career advancement, and were less likely to believe that they had enough time for their personal and family life compared with their colleagues whose DP was a working nonphysician or stayed at home (all p < 0.05). Surgeons in dual-physician relationships more often experienced a recent career conflict with their DP and a work-home conflict than surgeons whose DPs were working nonphysicians (all p < 0.0001). Surgeons whose DP is another surgeon face even greater challenges in these areas. Physicians married or partnered to another physician were more likely to have depressive symptoms and low mental quality of life than surgeons whose DP stayed at home (all p < 0.05). Surgeons whose DP stayed at home appear to be more satisfied with their career (p = 0.0006). Surgeons whose DP is another physicians appear to experience greater challenges balancing personal and professional life than surgeons whose DP is a working nonphysicians or whose DP stays at home. Copyright © 2010 American College of Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

An evaluation of the inflammatory response of lipopolysaccharide-treated primary dental pulp cells with regard to calcium silicate-based cements

PubMed Central

Lai, Wei-Yun; Kao, Chia-Tze; Hung, Chi-Jr; Huang, Tsui-Hsien; Shie, Ming-You

2014-01-01

This study compared the biological changes of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated dental pulp (DP) cells directly cultured on mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and calcium silicate (CS) cements. DP cells were treated with LPS for 24 h. Then, the LPS-treated DP cells were cultured on MTA or CS cements. Cell viability, cell death mechanism and interleukin (IL)-1β expressions were analysed. A one-way analysis of variance was used to evaluate the significance of the differences between the means. A significantly higher IL-1β expression (2.9-fold) was found for LPS-treated cells (P<0.05) compared with DP cells without LPS treatment at 24 h. Absorbance values of LPS-treated cells cultured on CS cement were higher than a tissue culture plate. A significant difference (P<0.05) in cell viability was observed between cells on CS and MTA cements 24 h after seeding. At 48 h, a high concentration of Si (5 mM) was released from MTA, which induced LPS-treated DP cell apoptosis. The present study demonstrates that CS cement is biocompatible with cultured LPS-treated DP cells. MTA stimulates inflammation in LPS-treated DP cells, which leads to greater IL-1β expression and apoptosis. PMID:24556955

Chemical and sensory evaluation of Bordeaux wines (Cabernet-Sauvignon and Merlot) and correlation with wine age.

PubMed

Chira, Kleopatra; Pacella, Nicola; Jourdes, Michael; Teissedre, Pierre-Louis

2011-06-15

Wine quality study was carried out with 24 vintages of Cabernet-Sauvignon (CS) and 7 vintages of Merlot (M) produced by two different Bordeaux wine-growing areas. Proanthocyanidin monomers and oligomers were identified and quantified by HPLC-UV-Fluo. Percentage of galloylation (%G), of prodelphinidins (%P) as well as mean degree of polymerisation (mDP) were also determined. Total phenolic compounds, total anthocyanins, total tannins, hue, CI (colour intensity), titratable acidity, ethanol level and pH were evaluated. Sensory analysis concerning astringency and bitterness intensity was also performed. Total phenolic compounds, total anthocyanins, total tannins, tannin monomers, hue, CI, % G, % P, mDP and astringency intensity differentiate both wines (M and CS) according to vintage. Correlations between wine age and: mDP, hue, astringency and tannin monomers (C+EC) are obtained. Qualitative tannin characterisation is established by correlation between astringency and mDP (R(2)=0.509, p=0.051, CS; R(2)=0.780, p=0.000M). In addition, mDP decreases significantly during ageing (R(2)=0.796, p=0.000; CS and R(2)=0.946, p=0.000; M). Scale patterns between wine mDP and tannin perception (astringency) are proposed. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Urban and rural dietary patterns are associated with anthropometric and biochemical indicators of nutritional status of adolescent Mozambican girls.

PubMed

Hauta-Alus, Helena H; Korkalo, Liisa; Freese, Riitta; Ismael, Carina; Mutanen, Marja

2018-04-01

The objective of the present study was to explore whether dietary patterns (DP) are associated with nutritional status indicators among adolescent Mozambican girls. Design/Setting/Subjects In this population-based cross-sectional study we used the FFQ data of 547 girls aged 14-19 years from Central Mozambique to derive dietary patterns by means of principal component analysis. We used two-level linear regression models to examine the associations between the DP and anthropometric and biochemical indicators of nutritional status. We identified three DP: 'Urban bread and fats', 'Rural meat and vegetables' and 'Rural cassava and coconut'. The 'Urban bread and fats' DP was positively associated with BMI-for-age Z-score (BMIZ), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), triceps skinfold (P for all<0·001) and blood Hb (P=0·025). A negative association was observed between the 'Urban bread and fats' DP and serum folate (P<0·001). The 'Rural meat and vegetables' DP and the 'Rural cassava and coconut' DP were associated negatively with BMIZ, MUAC and triceps skinfold (P for all<0·05), but the 'Rural meat and vegetables' DP was associated positively with serum ferritin (P=0·007). Urban and rural DP were associated with nutritional status indicators. In a low-resource setting, urban diets may promote body fat storage and blood Hb concentrations but compromise serum folate concentration. It is important to continue valuing the traditional, rural foods that are high in folate.

Denitrification potential under different fertilization regimes is closely coupled with changes in the denitrifying community in a black soil.

PubMed

Yin, Chang; Fan, Fenliang; Song, Alin; Cui, Peiyuan; Li, Tingqiang; Liang, Yongchao

2015-07-01

Preferable inorganic fertilization over the last decades has led to fertility degradation of black soil in Northeast China. However, how fertilization regimes impact denitrification and its related bacterial community in this soil type is still unclear. Here, taking advantage of a suit of molecular ecological tools in combination of assaying the potential denitrification (DP), we explored the variation of activity, community structure, and abundance of nirS and nirK denitrifiers under four different fertilization regimes, namely no fertilization control (N0M0), organic pig manure (N0M1), inorganic fertilization (N1M0), and combination of inorganic fertilizer and pig manure (N1M1). The results indicated that organic fertilization increased DP, but inorganic fertilization had no impacts. The increase of DP was mirrored by the shift of nirS denitrifiers' community structure but not by that of nirK denitrifiers'. Furthermore, the change of DP coincided with the variation of abundances of both denitrifiers. Shifts of community structure and abundance of nirS and nirK denitrifiers were correlated with the change of soil pH, total nitrogen (TN), organic matter (OM), C:P, total phosphorus (TP), and available phosphorus (Olsen P). Our results suggest that the change of DP under these four fertilization regimes was closely related to the shift of denitrifying bacteria communities resulting from the variation of properties in the black soil tested.

Pancreatic thickness as a predictive factor for postoperative pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy using an endopath stapler.

PubMed

Okano, Keiichi; Oshima, Minoru; Kakinoki, Keitaro; Yamamoto, Naoki; Akamoto, Shintaro; Yachida, Shinichi; Hagiike, Masanobu; Kamada, Hideki; Masaki, Tsutomu; Suzuki, Yasuyuki

2013-02-01

No consistent risk factor has yet been established for the development of pancreatic fistula (PF) after distal pancreatectomy (DP) with a stapler. A total of 31 consecutive patients underwent DP with an endopath stapler between June 2006 and December 2010 using a slow parenchymal flattening technique. The risk factors for PF after DP with an endopath stapler were identified based on univariate and multivariate analyses. Clinical PF developed in 7 of 31 (22 %) patients who underwent DP with a stapler. The pancreata were significantly thicker at the transection line in patients with PF (19.4 ± 1.47 mm) in comparison to patients without PF (12.6 ± 0.79 mm; p = 0.0003). A 16-mm cut-off for pancreatic thickness was established based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve; the area under the ROC curve was 0.875 (p = 0.0215). Pancreatic thickness (p = 0.0006) and blood transfusion (p = 0.028) were associated with postoperative PF in a univariate analysis. Pancreatic thickness was the only significant independent factor (odds ratio 9.99; p = 0.036) according to a multivariate analysis with a specificity of 72 %, and a sensitivity of 85 %. Pancreatic thickness is a significant independent risk factor for PF development after DP with an endopath stapler. The stapler technique is thus considered to be an appropriate modality in patients with a pancreatic thicknesses of <16 mm.

Reward and Affective Regulation in Depression-Prone Smokers

PubMed Central

Audrain-McGovern, Janet; Wileyto, E. Paul; Ashare, Rebecca; Cuevas, Jocelyn; Strasser, Andrew A.

2014-01-01

Background There is a disproportionately high smoking prevalence among individuals who are prone to depression. While depression has been conceptualized as a disorder of dysregulated positive affect and disrupted reward processing, little research has been conducted to determine the role of smoking in these processes among depression-prone smokers. Methods Depression-prone smokers (DP+; n = 34) and smokers not depression-prone (DP-; n=49) underwent two laboratory sessions, once while smoking abstinent and once while smoking ad-libitum, to assess the relative reinforcing value of smoking and reward sensitivity. Using experience sampling methods, participants completed self-report measures of subjective reward, positive affect, and negative affect across three days while smoking as usual and three days while smoking abstinent. Results DP+ were two times more likely to work for cigarette puffs versus money in a progressive ratio, choice task (OR 2.05; CI 95% 1.04 to 4.06, p=0.039) compared to DP-. Reward sensitivity as measured by the signal detection task did not yield any significant findings. Mixed models regressions revealed a 3-way interaction (depression group, smoking phase, and time) for subjective reward, negative affect and positive affect. For all three of these outcomes, the slopes for DP- and DP+ differed significantly from each other (p's < 0.05), and the effect of smoking (vs. abstinence) over time was greater for DP+ than DP- smokers (p's <0.05). Conclusions These findings indicate that the effects of smoking on reward and positive affect regulation are specific to DP+ smokers and highlight novel targets for smoking cessation treatment in this population. PMID:24947541

Effect of ultrasound and dexpanthenol on collagen organization in tegumentary lesions.

PubMed

Guimarães, Gustavo N; Pires-De-Campos, Maria S M; Leonardi, Gislaine R; Dib-Giusti, Helena H K; Polacow, Maria L O

2011-01-01

To analyze the effect of ultrasound (US), dexpanthenol (d-P) and a combination of these treatments (US+d-P) on collagen fiber organization in tegumentary lesions in rats by birefringence analysis. Wistar rats (50) were anesthetized (Thionembutal - Sodic = 50 mg/Kg), 1 cm² of dorsal region skin was removed, and the animals were divided into five groups: control (C), gel (G), US (3 MHz, 0.1 W/cm2, 1 minute, continuous), d-P (10%) and US+d-P. After daily treatment for 7 and 14 days, 6 µm thick sections of lesioned areas were stained in picrosirius and measurements of the collagen birefringent area (µm²) were obtained using polarized light microscopy (Zeiss Axiolab-ZEISS- Germany) with histological image analysis software (KS 400 2.0 - Kontrol Eletronics, Munique, Germany). The means were compared by ANOVA followed by the Tukey test (p<0.05). The US+d-P group showed a significantly greater (p ≤ 0.001) birefringent area (1586.43±162.14) than the other experimental groups: C (139.36±35.35), US (317.55±129.9) and d-P (192.41±3657) by the 7th day of treatment, indicating acceleration of the wound healing process. By the 14th day of treatment, the US+d-P, US and d-P groups presented greater birefringence than the control group, but did not differ from each other. The combination of treatments (US+d-P) accelerated collagen fiber synthesis and organization in the early stages of cutaneous repair.

Effect of cold conditions on double poling sprint performance of well-trained male cross-country skiers.

PubMed

Wiggen, Øystein N; Waagaard, Silje H; Heidelberg, Cecilie T; Oksa, Juha

2013-12-01

This study compared the effects of cold (-14° C) and moderate environments (6° C) on double poling (DP) sprint performance. Wearing modern cross-country ski racing suits, 14 highly trained male cross-country skiers performed a test protocol on a DP ergometer, consisting of a standardized warm-up followed by a 30-second maximal sprint (DP30s) and a 2-minute maximal sprint (DP2min), and after an 8-minute recovery period, another DP30s and DP2min were performed. Finally, the participants performed an incremental DP test to exhaustion. We observed no difference between rectal temperature in cold and moderate conditions. Mean skin temperature (Tskin) was lower in the cold condition; the lowest values being 20.3° C at -14° C and 27.0° C at 6° C. Power output decreased between the first and the second DP30s under both conditions, but the reduction was 4.9% (p < 0.05) greater in the cold condition. Power output decreased by 4.8% (p < 0.05) between the first and second DP2min at -14° C, but we found no difference at 6° C. In the incremental test to exhaustion, there was a 7.2% (p < 0.05) reduction in peak power output and a 7.8% (p < 0.05) lower peak oxygen consumption at -14° C. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that DP sprint performance was lower at -14° C than at 6° C. Tskin and body temperature were lower at -14° C. This may indicate cooling of superficial musculature and may explain the reduced DP sprint performance observed in our study.

Cooked yields, color, tenderness, and sensory traits of beef roasts cooked in an oven with steam generation versus a commercial convection oven to different endpoint temperatures.

PubMed

Bowers, L J; Dikeman, M E; Murray, L; Stroda, S L

2012-10-01

A CVap steam generation oven was compared with a Blodgett convection oven to examine effects on yields, cooked color, tenderness, and sensory traits of beef Longissimus lumborum (LL), Deep pectoralis (DP), and Biceps femoris (BF) muscles cooked to 1 of 3 temperatures (65.6, 71.1, or 76.7°C). Four roasts were cooked in the CVap for a constant time, and 2 roasts were cooked in the Blodgett until they reached target temperatures (3 replications). Cooking yields were higher (P<0.05) for BF and LL roasts in the CVap. Slice shear force (SSF) for BF roasts was lowest (P<0.05) in the CVap but lowest (P<0.05) for DP roasts in the Blodgett. No oven effect (P>0.05) was found for LL roasts. Sensory tenderness for BF roasts in the CVap was higher (P<0.05) than those in the Blodgett. Juiciness was higher (P<0.05) for LL roasts in the Blodgett. The CVap oven offers some tenderization (BF) and cooking yield advantages (BF and DP) over forced-air convection cooking. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Factors effective on peritoneal phosphorus transport and clearance in peritoneal dialysis patients
.

PubMed

Cebeci, Egemen; Gursu, Meltem; Uzun, Sami; Karadag, Serhat; Kazancioglu, Rumeyza; Ozturk, Savas

2017-02-01

Transport characteristics of phosphorus are different from other small solutes that are evaluated in routine peritoneal equilibration test (PET) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. We aimed to evaluate peritoneal phosphorus clearance and permeability, and their relationship with peritoneal membrane transport type and creatinine clearance as well as factors affecting peritoneal phosphorus clearance. 70 adult patients on a PD program were included in our study. Phosphorus transport status was classified according to dialysate/plasma (D/P) phosphorus at the 4^th hour of PET as slow transporter (< 0.47), slow-average transporter (0.47 - 0.56), fast-average transporter (0.57 - 0.67), and fast transporter (> 0.67). We evaluated the relationship of peritoneal phosphorus clearance and transport type with PD regime, phosphorus level, and presence of residual renal function in addition to investigating factors that are effective on peritoneal phosphorus clearance. D/P phosphorus and peritoneal phosphorus clearance were positively correlated with D/P creatinine and peritoneal creatinine clearance, respectively. Automated PD and continuous ambulatory PD patients were similar regarding phosphorus and creatinine clearances and transport status based on D/P phosphorus. The major determinant of peritoneal phosphorus clearance was anuria status. Anuric patients had higher dialysate volume (11.6 ± 3.0 L vs. 8.4 ± 2.1 L, p < 0.001) and therefore higher peritoneal phosphorus clearance (61.7 ± 15.1 L/week/1.73 m² vs. 48.4 ± 14.0 L/week/1.73 m², p = 0.001). Hyperphosphatemia was present in 40% and 11% of anuric patients and those with residual renal function, respectively (p = 0.005). Peritoneal phosphorus transport characteristics are similar to that of creatinine. Although increased dialysis dose may increase peritoneal phosphorus clearance, it may be insufficient to prevent hyperphosphatemia in anuric patients.
.

Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase III Trial Comparing Docetaxel and Prednisone With or Without Bevacizumab in Men With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: CALGB 90401

PubMed Central

Kelly, William Kevin; Halabi, Susan; Carducci, Michael; George, Daniel; Mahoney, John F.; Stadler, Walter M.; Morris, Michael; Kantoff, Philip; Monk, J. Paul; Kaplan, Ellen; Vogelzang, Nicholas J.; Small, Eric J.

2012-01-01

Purpose A randomized, placebo-controlled study based on preclinical and clinical data that supports the potential role of vascular endothelial growth factor in prostate cancer was performed to evaluate the addition of bevacizumab to standard docetaxel and prednisone therapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Patients and Methods Patients with chemotherapy-naive progressive mCRPC with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status ≤ 2 and adequate bone marrow, hepatic, and renal function were randomly assigned to receive docetaxel 75 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) over 1 hour for 21 days plus prednisone 5 mg orally twice per day (DP) with either bevacizumab 15 mg/kg IV every 3 weeks (DP + B) or placebo. The primary end point was overall survival (OS), and secondary end points were progression-free survival (PFS), 50% decline in prostate-specific antigen, objective response (OR), and toxicity. Results In total, 1,050 patients were randomly assigned. The median OS for patients given DP + B was 22.6 months compared with 21.5 months for patients treated with DP (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.78 to 1.05; stratified log-rank P = .181). The median PFS time was superior in the DP + B arm (9.9 v 7.5 months, stratified log-rank P < .001) as was the proportion of patients with OR (49.4% v 35.5%; P = .0013). Grade 3 or greater treatment-related toxicity was more common with DP + B (75.4% v 56.2%; P ≤ .001), as was the number of treatment-related deaths (4.0% v 1.2%; P = .005). Conclusion Despite an improvement in PFS and OR, the addition of bevacizumab to docetaxel and prednisone did not improve OS in men with mCRPC and was associated with greater toxicity. PMID:22454414

[Dracorhodin perchlorate inhibit high glucose induce serum and glucocorticoid induced protein kinase 1 and fibronectin expression in human mesangial cells].

PubMed

Xie, Yifeng; Wang, Quansheng; Liu, Jianguo; Xie, Jiwen; Xue, Kaming; Tang, Qing

2010-08-01

To investigate the effect of dracorhodin perchlorate (DP) on inhibiting high glucose-induced serum and glucocorticoid induced protein kinase 1 (SGK1) and fibronectin (FN) expression in human mesangial cells (HMC), and its mechanism of prevention and treatment on renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy (DN) . The HMC were divided into normal glucose group (NG group, 5.5 mmol x L(-1) D-glucose), normal glucose +low DP group (NG + LDP group, 5.5 mmol x L(-1) D-glucose +7.5 micromol x L(-1) DP), normal glucose +high DP group (NG + HDP group, 5.5 mmol x L(-1) D-glucose + 15 micromol x L(-1) DP), high glucose group (HG group,25 mmol x L(-1) D-glucose), high glucose +low DP group (HG + LDP group, 25 mmol x L(-1) D-glucose + 7.5 micromol x L(-1) DP)and high glucose +high DP group (HG +HDP group, 25 mmol x L(-1) D-glucose + 15 micromol x L(-1) DP). Each group was examined at 24 hours. The levels of SGK1 and FN mRNA was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,and the expression of SGK1 and FN protein was detected by Western blot or indirect immunofluorescence. A basal level of SGK1 and FN in HMC were detected in NG group, and the level of SGK1 and FN mRNA and protein were not evidently different compared to that of NG group adding 7.5 micromol x L(-1) DP for 24 hours. On the other hand, the levels of SGK1 and FN mRNA and protein were obviously decreased by adding 15 micromol x L(-1) DP for 24 hours. Compared to NG group, the levels of SGK1 and FN mRNA and protein were increased in HG group after stimulating for 24 hours (P < 0.01). Compared to HG group, the level of SGK1 and FN mRNA and protein were evidently reduced in HG + LDP and HG + HDP groups by adding 7.5 micromol x L(-1) DP and 15 micromol x L(-1) DP for 24 hours (P < 0.01). Dracorhodin perchlorate can inhibit high glucose-induced serum and glucocorticoid induced protein kinase 1 (SGK1) and fibronectin(FN) expression in human mesangial cells, and this may be part of the mechanism of preventing and treating renal fibrosis of DN.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schernthaner, Ruediger E., E-mail: ruediger.schernthaner@meduniwien.ac.at; Haroun, Reham R., E-mail: rehamharoun1989@gmail.com; Duran, Rafael, E-mail: rafaelduran.md@gmail.com

PurposeTo compare the visibility of liver metastases on dual-phase cone-beam CT (DP-CBCT) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA), with reference to preinterventional contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) of the liver.MethodsThis IRB-approved, retrospective study included 28 patients with neuroendocrine (NELM), colorectal (CRCLM), or sarcoma (SLM) liver metastases who underwent DP-CBCT during intra-arterial therapy (IAT) between 01/2010 and 10/2014. DP-CBCT was acquired after a single contrast agent injection in the tumor-feeding arteries at early and delayed arterial phases (EAP and DAP). The visibility of each lesion was graded by two radiologists in consensus on a three-rank scale (complete, partial, none) on DP-CBCT andmore » DSA images using CE-MRI as reference.Results47 NELM, 43 CRCLM, and 16 SLM were included. On DSA 85.1, 44.1, and 37.5 % of NELM, CRCLM, and SLM, were at least partially depicted, respectively. EAP-CBCT yielded significantly higher sensitivities of 88.3 and 87.5 % for CRCLM and SLM, respectively (p < 0.01), but not for NELM (89.4 %; p = 1.0). On DAP-CBCT all NELM, CRCLM, and SLM were visible (p < 0.001). Complete depiction was achieved on DSA for 59.6, 16.3, and 18.8 % of NELM, CRCLM, and SLM, respectively. The complete depiction rate on EAP-CBCT was significantly higher for CRCLM (46.5 %; p < 0.001), lower for NELM (40.4 %; p = 0.592), and similar for SLM (25 %, p = 0.399). On DAP-CBCT however, the highest rates of complete depiction were found—NELM (97.8 %; p = 0.008), CRCLM (95.3 %; p = 0.008), and SLM (100 %; p < 0.001).ConclusionDAP-CBCT substantially improved the visibility of liver metastases during IAT. Future studies need to evaluate the clinical impact.« less

Biodegradable Polymer Biolimus-Eluting Stents Versus Durable Polymer Everolimus-Eluting Stents in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: Final 5-Year Report From the COMPARE II Trial (Abluminal Biodegradable Polymer Biolimus-Eluting Stent Versus Durable Polymer Everolimus-Eluting Stent).

PubMed

Vlachojannis, Georgios J; Smits, Pieter C; Hofma, Sjoerd H; Togni, Mario; Vázquez, Nicolás; Valdés, Mariano; Voudris, Vassilis; Slagboom, Ton; Goy, Jean-Jaques; den Heijer, Peter; van der Ent, Martin

2017-06-26

This analysis investigates the 5-year outcomes of the biodegradable polymer biolimus-eluting stent (BP-BES) and durable polymer everolimus-eluting stent (DP-EES) in an all-comers population undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Recent 1- and 3-year results from randomized trials have indicated similar safety and efficacy outcomes of BP-BES and DP-EES. Whether benefits of the biodegradable polymer device arise over longer follow-up is unknown. Moreover, in-depth, prospective, long-term follow-up data on metallic drug-eluting stents with durable or biodegradable polymers are scarce. The COMPARE II trial (Abluminal Biodegradable Polymer Biolimus-Eluting Stent Versus Durable Polymer Everolimus-Eluting Stent) was a prospective, randomized, multicenter, all-comers trial in which 2,707 patients were randomly allocated (2:1) to BP-BES or DP-EES. The pre-specified endpoint at 5 years was major adverse cardiac events, a composite of cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or target vessel revascularization. Five-year follow-up was available in 2,657 patients (98%). At 5 years, major adverse cardiac events occurred in 310 patients (17.3%) in the BP-BES group and 142 patients (15.6%) in the DP-EES group (p = 0.26). The rate of the combined safety endpoint all-cause death or myocardial infarction was 15.0% in the BP-BES group versus 14.8% in the DP-EES group (p = 0.90), whereas the efficacy measure target vessel revascularization was 10.6% versus 9.0% (p = 0.18), respectively. Interestingly, definite stent thrombosis rates did not differ between groups (1.5% for BP-BES vs. 0.9% for DP-EES; p = 0.17). The 5-year analysis comparing biodegradable polymer-coated BES and the durable polymer-coated EES confirms the initial early- and mid-term results regarding similar safety and efficacy outcomes in this all-comers percutaneous coronary intervention population. Copyright © 2017 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Diaphragm pacing and noninvasive respiratory management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease.

PubMed

Mahajan, Kedar R; Bach, John Robert; Saporito, Lou; Perez, Nick

2012-12-01

Although it is known that continuous noninvasive ventilation (CNIV) can prolong life in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (ALS/MND), in this study we explore similar claims for diaphragm pacing (DP). NIV and DP users' vital capacities (VCs) over time and duration of NIV and CNIV dependence were analyzed for 354 non-DP and 8 DP ALS/MND patients. Patients had a higher rate of monthly VC decline before NIV use (5.1 ± 7.6%) than during NIV use (2.5 ± 3.6%) (P < 0.01, 95% CI 0.84-4.5); the decline for 4 DP users was 3.7-20%. Fifty-five ALS/MND patients used part-time NIV for 19.9 ± 27.6 months until tracheostomy/death, whereas 113 others used it for 10.9 ± 10.5 months until CNIV dependence for another 12.8 ± 16.2 months. After placement, 7 DP users were CNIV dependent in 8.0 ± 7.0 months, whereas 6 underwent tracheostomy/died in 18.2 ± 13.7 months. CNIV prolonged the survival of 113 of the 354 non-DP and 6 DP ALS/MND patients by 12.8 and 10.2 months, respectively. DP provided no benefit on VC or mechanical ventilation-free survival. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Effects of Anti-diarrhoeal Herbs on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Meat Quality in Pigs

PubMed Central

Cho, J. H.; Zhang, S.; Kim, I. H.

2012-01-01

Two studies were conducted to investigate the effects of anti-diarrhoeal herbs on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and meat quality in pigs. In Exp 1, 150 weanling-growing piglets (average BW = 7.5±0.24 kg, average age = 27±1 d) were allotted into one of the five dietary treatments, including: i) CON, basal diet, ii) DP, basal diet+1 g/kg date pits, iii) JH, basal diet+0.5 g/kg Japanese-honeysuckle, iv) HCT, basal diet+1 g/kg houttuynia cordata thunb, and v) LE, basal diet+1 g/kg laquer tree extract. From wk 0 to 5, the JH, HCT and LE groups presented higher (p<0.05) ADFI, ADG and gain/feed ratio (G/F) than CON and DP groups. During wk 5 to 10, Pigs fed JH, HCT and LE diets indicated higher (p<0.05) ADG and ADFI than the pigs fed CON and DP diets. During the entire experimental period, a significant increase of ADG appeared in JH, HCT and LE (p<0.05). Pigs fed JH, HCT and LE diets got a higher (p<0.05) ADFI than the pigs fed CON and DP diets. Pigs fed diets with supplementations of herb additives revealled lower (p<0.05) score of diarrhea pigs during d 2 to d 6 compared with pigs fed CON diet. In Exp 2, 60 growing-finishing barrows and gilts (average BW = 54.10±1.20 kg, average age = 54±3 d) were allotted to three treatments: i) CON, basal diet; ii) YG, basal diet+1 g/kg yellow ginger and iii) HR, basal dietary+1 g/kg hoantchy root, respectively. From wk 0 to 5, Dietary supplementation of YG and HR enhanced (p<0.05) ADG. No difference was found between YG and HR treatments. During, wk 5 to 10, ADG also was observed higher in YG and HR treatments than CON group (p<0.05). Additional, YG had the highest ADG (p<0.05) among treatments. There was always an increase of ADG in YG and HR (p<0.05) through all periods. HR treatment showed a lower (p<0.05) score of diarrhoeal pigs on d 1and d 2 compared with CON treatment. Pigs fed YG and HR diets had a higher (p<0.05) longissimus muscle area (LMA) than pigs fed CON diet. In conclusion, anti-diarrhoeal herbs can improve growth performance, and prevent diarrhea incidence in pigs, it can also increase LMA in finishing pigs. PMID:25049522

Inactive Matrix Gla-Protein and Arterial Stiffness in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

PubMed

Sardana, Mayank; Vasim, Izzah; Varakantam, Swapna; Kewan, Uzma; Tariq, Ali; Koppula, Maheshwara R; Syed, Amer Ahmed; Beraun, Melissa; Drummen, Nadja E A; Vermeer, Cees; Akers, Scott R; Chirinos, Julio A

2017-02-01

Large artery stiffness is increased in diabetes mellitus and causes an excessive pulsatile load to the heart and to the microvasculature. The identification of pathways related to arterial stiffness may provide novel therapeutic targets to ameliorate arterial stiffness in diabetes. Matrix Gla-Protein (MGP) is an inhibitor of vascular calcification. Activation of MGP is vitamin K dependent. We hypothesized that levels of inactive MGP (dephospho-uncarboxylated MGP; dp-ucMGP) are related to arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes. We enrolled a multiethnic cohort of 66 participants with type 2 diabetes. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CF-PWV) was measured with high-fidelity arterial tonometry (Sphygmocor Device). Dp-ucMGP was measured with ELISA (VitaK; The Netherlands). The majority of the participants were middle-aged (62 ± 12 years), male (91%), and had a history of hypertension (82%). Average hemoglobin A1C was 7.2% (55 mmol/mol). Mean dp-ucMGP was 624 ± 638 pmol/l and mean CF-PWV was 11 ± 4 m/sec. In multivariable analyses, dp-ucMGP was independently related to African American ethnicity (β = -0.24, P = 0.005), warfarin use (β = 0.56, P < 0.001), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, β = -0.32, P < 0.001). Dp-ucMGP predicted CF-PWV (β = 0.40, P = 0.011), even after adjustment for age, gender, ethnicity, mean arterial pressure, eGFR, and warfarin use. In our cross-sectional analysis, circulating dp-ucMGP was independently associated with CF-PWV in type 2 diabetes. This suggests that deficient vitamin K-dependent activation of MGP may lead to large artery stiffening and could be targeted with vitamin K supplementation in the patients with diabetes. © American Journal of Hypertension, Ltd 2016. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

[Skin prick testing versus immumofluorescence testing for mites allergens].

PubMed

Zhang, Yong; Wang, Zhiyi; Chen, Wei; Ji, Junfeng; Wang, Tianyou; Wang, Qiuping; Li, Zeqing

2012-03-01

To discuss the characteristics of skin prick test (SPT) and immumofluorescence method (IFM) in detecting the atopy of dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) and dermatophagoides farinae (Df)and explore the relationship of them. Four hundred and ninety-one patients with two or more symptoms of nasal obstruction,itching, sneezing and rhinorrhea received SPT and serum specific IgE detection using IFM. SPT was more sensitive than IFM in detecting the atopy of Dp and Df (P < 0.05). If using the IFM as the gold standard, the sensitivity of SPT was all above 95% with the specificity a little bit lower than 80%. These two methods had a positive correlation in detecting the atopy of Dp and Df (r = 0.779, 0.776; P < 0.01). The sIgE concentrations of these two mites were highly correlated with each other (r = 0.954, P < 0.01), the SPT was highly correlated with each other (r = 0. 946, P < 0.01). SPT was more sensitive than IFM in detecting the atopy of Dp and Df. In most cases, SPT can replace IFM to detect patients' allergia on mites. Besides, it is good enough to detect either of the serum specific IgE concentrations of Dp and Df.

Tracking Dietary Patterns over 20 Years from Childhood through Adolescence into Young Adulthood: The Saskatchewan Pediatric Bone Mineral Accrual Study

PubMed Central

Kontulainen, Saija; Whiting, Susan J.; Vatanparast, Hassanali

2017-01-01

Dietary patterns established during adolescence might play a role in adulthood disease. We examined the stability of dietary patterns (DPs) from childhood through adolescence and into young adulthood (from age 8 to 34 years). Data from 130 participants (53 females) of Saskatchewan Pediatric Bone Mineral Accrual Study (aged 8–15 years, at baseline) were included. Multiple 24-h recalls were collected annually from 1991 to 1997, 2002 to 2005, and 2010 and 2011. Using principal component analysis, “Vegetarian-style”, “Western-like”, “High-fat, high-protein”, “Mixed”, and “Snack” DPs were derived at baseline. Applied DP scores for all annual measurements were calculated using factor loading of baseline DPs and energy-adjusted food group intakes. We analyzed data using generalized estimating equations. The tracking coefficient represents correlation between baseline dietary pattern scores and all other follow-up dietary pattern scores. We found a moderate tracking for the “Vegetarian-style” (β = 0.44, p < 0.001) and “High-fat, high-protein” (β = 0.39, p < 0.001) DPs in females and “Vegetarian-style” DP (β = 0.30, p < 0.001) in males. The remaining DPs showed poor-to-fair tracking in both sexes. No tracking for “Western-like” DP in females was observed. Assessing overall change in DP scores from childhood to young adulthood showed an increasing trend in adherence to “Vegetarian-style” DP and decreasing trend in adherence to “High-fat, high-protein” DP by age in both sexes (p < 0.001), while “Western-like” and “Mixed” DP scores increased only in males (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that healthy dietary habits established during childhood and adolescence moderately continue into adulthood. PMID:28885565

Kinetic study of heterogeneous reaction of deliquesced NaCl particles with gaseous HNO3 using particle-on-substrate stagnation flow reactor approach.

PubMed

Liu, Y; Cain, J P; Wang, H; Laskin, A

2007-10-11

Heterogeneous reaction kinetics of gaseous nitric acid with deliquesced sodium chloride particles NaCl(aq) + HNO3(g) --> NaNO3(aq) + HCl(g) were investigated with a novel particle-on-substrate stagnation flow reactor (PS-SFR) approach under conditions, including particle size, relative humidity, and reaction time, directly relevant to the atmospheric chemistry of sea salt particles. Particles deposited onto an electron microscopy grid substrate were exposed to the reacting gas at atmospheric pressure and room temperature by impingement via a stagnation flow inside the reactor. The reactor design and choice of flow parameters were guided by computational fluid dynamics to ensure uniformity of the diffusion flux to all particles undergoing reaction. The reaction kinetics was followed by observing chloride depletion in the particles by computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (CCSEM/EDX). The validity of the current approach was examined first by conducting experiments with median dry particle diameter D(p) = 0.82 microm, 80% relative humidity, particle loading densities 4 x 10(4)

High Plasma Concentrations of Zidovudine (AZT) Do Not Parallel Intracellular Concentrations of AZT-Triphosphates in Infants During Prevention of Mother-to-Child HIV-1 Transmission.

PubMed

Kinai, Ei; Kato, Shingo; Hosokawa, Shinichi; Sadatsuki, Miyuki; Gatanaga, Hiroyuki; Kikuchi, Yoshimi; Lam, Nguyen Van; Ha, Do Quan; Kinh, Nguyen Van; Liem, Nguyen Thanh; Oka, Shinichi

2016-07-01

Zidovudine (AZT) is mainly used to prevent mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission (PMTCT). Despite serious concerns on AZT-associated toxicity, there is little information on pharmacokinetics of intracellular AZT metabolites in infants. We conducted a prospective study in 31 HIV-uninfected infants who received AZT for PMTCT. Blood samples were obtained from 14 infants on postdelivery days (PDD) 1, 7, 14, and 28 and from 17 infants at 0 and 4 hours after dosing on PDD-1. Plasma AZT concentrations (pAZT) and intracellular concentrations of AZT-monophosphate (icAZT-MP), diphosphate (icAZT-DP), and triphosphate (icAZT-TP) were determined. Plasma AZT and icAZT-MP concentrations were 2713 nmol/L and 79 fmol/10 cells in PDD-1, but decreased to 1437 nmol/L and 31 fmol/10 cells by PDD-28 (P = 0.02 and P = 0.07 for all PDDs, respectively), whereas those of icAZT-DP and icAZT-TP remained low throughout the sampling period (P = 0.29 and P = 0.61 for all PDDs, respectively) There were no differences in icAZT-TP between infants of the 2 mg/kg 4 times a day dose and 4 mg/kg twice daily dose (P = 0.25), whereas pAZT and icAZT-MP levels were higher in the latter (P < 0.01 and <0.01, respectively). The pAZT and icAZT-MP significantly increased from 0 to 4 hours after dosing (P < 0.001 and <0.001, respectively), whereas icAZT-DP, icAZT-TP levels were not changed (P = 0.41 and 0.33, respectively). The level of icAZT-TP did not change with age, time, or a single dose despite the wide range of pAZT concentration. A safer dosage needs to be determined because high pAZT levels do not parallel those of icAZT-TP.

Dietary Patterns Characterized by High Meat Consumption Are Associated with Other Unhealthy Life Styles and Depression Symptoms.

PubMed

Gregório, Maria João; Rodrigues, Ana M; Eusébio, Mónica; Sousa, Rute Dinis; Dias, Sara; André, Beate; Grønning, Kjersti; Coelho, Pedro S; Mendes, Jorge M; Graça, Pedro; Espnes, Geir A; Branco, Jaime C; Canhão, Helena

2017-01-01

We aimed to identify dietary patterns (DPs) of Portuguese adults, to assess their socioeconomic, demographic, lifestyle determinants, and to identify their impact on health. EpiDoC 2 study included 10,153 Portuguese adults from the EpiDoC Cohort, a population-based study. In this study, trained research assistants using computer-assisted telephone interview collected socioeconomic, demographic, dietary, lifestyles, and health information from March 2013 to July 2015. Cluster analysis was performed, based on questions regarding the number of meals, weekly frequency of soup consumption, vegetables, fruit, meat, fish, dairy products, and daily water intake. Factors associated with DP were identified through logistic regression models. Two DPs were identified: the "meat dietary pattern" and the "fruit & vegetables dietary pattern." After multivariable adjustment, women (OR = 0.52; p  < 0.001), older adults (OR = 0.97; p  < 0.001), and individuals with more years of education (OR = 0.96; p  = 0.025) were less likely to adopt the "meat dietary pattern," while individuals in a situation of job insecurity/unemployment (OR = 1.49; p  = 0.013), Azores island residents (OR = 1.40; p  = 0.026), current smoking (OR = 1.58; p  = 0.001), daily alcohol intake (OR = 1.46; p  = 0.023), and physically inactive (OR = 1.86; p  < 0.001) were positively and significantly associated with "meat dietary pattern." Moreover, individuals with depression symptoms (OR = 1.50; p  = 0.018) and the ones who did lower number of medical appointments in the previous year (OR = 0.98; p  = 0.025) were less likely to report this DP. Our results suggest that unhealthy DPs (meat DP) are part of a lifestyle behavior that includes physical inactivity, smoking habits, and alcohol consumption. Moreover, depression symptoms are also associated with unhealthy DPs.

A Versatile User-Oriented Closed Bomb Data Reduction Program (CBRED)

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-09-01

GO TO 669 0026 ISTP - ISTP + I 0021’ 669 CONTINUE 0028 IF (ISTP,EQ.JDO) N - 0 0038 IF (L90.EOB) GO TO ?? 0032 DO - J)O + 7 0033 IF (TPP(3),LT.0.0...CONUWTBFRACZSRAT,XTBU 0003 DIMENSION T(40) ,P(408),DP(4080)R(400) 0884 COMM1ON /BLAH/ PLO, PHI. ACO, XCRSQ. RMS 8005 REUIND 11 0806 DO 669 1 - IL8 8807 READ...11.384) T(I),P(I).DP(I),R(I) I808 384 FORMAT (4E13.6) 8809 669 CONTINUE 8819 PLL - PLO*PMAX 0811 PUL - PHI*PMAX 8812 K - B 0813 SUMI - 080 0014 SUM2

Optimization of the freezing process for hematopoietic progenitor cells: effect of precooling, initial dimethyl sulfoxide concentration, freezing program, and storage in vapor-phase or liquid nitrogen on in vitro white blood cell quality.

PubMed

Dijkstra-Tiekstra, Margriet J; Setroikromo, Airies C; Kraan, Marcha; Gkoumassi, Effimia; de Wildt-Eggen, Janny

2014-12-01

Adding dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) causes an exothermic reaction, potentially affecting their viability. The freezing method might also influence this. The aim was to investigate the effect of 1) precooling of DMSO and plasma (D/P) and white blood cell (WBC)-enriched product, 2) DMSO concentration of D/P, 3) freezing program, and 4) storage method on WBC quality. WBC-enriched product without CD34+ cells was used instead of HPCs. This was divided into six or eight portions. D/P (20 or 50%; precooled or room temperature [RT]) was added to the WBC-enriched product (precooled or RT), resulting in 10% DMSO, while monitoring temperature. The product was frozen using controlled-rate freezing ("fast-rate" or "slow-rate") and placed in vapor-phase or liquid nitrogen. After thawing, WBC recovery and viability were determined. Temperature increased most for precooled D/P to precooled WBC-enriched product, without influence of 20 or 50% D/P, but remained for all variations below 30°C. WBC recovery for both freezing programs was more than 95%. Recovery of WBC viability was higher for slow-rate freezing compared to fast-rate freezing (74% vs. 61%; p < 0.05) and also for 50% compared to 20% D/P (two test variations). Effect of precooling D/P or WBC-enriched product and of storage in vapor-phase or liquid nitrogen was marginal. Based on these results, precooling is not necessary. Fifty percent D/P is preferred over 20% D/P. Slow-rate freezing is preferred over fast-rate freezing. For safety reasons storage in vapor-phase nitrogen is preferred over storage in liquid nitrogen. Additional testing using real HPCs might be necessary. © 2014 AABB.

Work ability as prognostic risk marker of disability pension: single-item work ability score versus multi-item work ability index.

PubMed

Roelen, Corné A M; van Rhenen, Willem; Groothoff, Johan W; van der Klink, Jac J L; Twisk, Jos W R; Heymans, Martijn W

2014-07-01

Work ability predicts future disability pension (DP). A single-item work ability score (WAS) is emerging as a measure for work ability. This study compared single-item WAS with the multi-item work ability index (WAI) in its ability to identify workers at risk of DP. This prospective cohort study comprised 11 537 male construction workers, who completed the WAI at baseline and reported DP after a mean 2.3 years of follow-up. WAS and WAI were calibrated for DP risk predictions with the Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L) test and their ability to discriminate between high- and low-risk construction workers was investigated with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). At follow-up, 336 (3%) construction workers reported DP. Both WAS [odds ratio (OR) 0.72, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.66-0.78] and WAI (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.52-0.63) scores were associated with DP at follow-up. The WAS showed miscalibration (H-L model χ (�)=10.60; df=3; P=0.01) and poorly discriminated between high- and low-risk construction workers (AUC 0.67, 95% CI 0.64-0.70). In contrast, calibration (H-L model χ �=8.20; df=8; P=0.41) and discrimination (AUC 0.78, 95% CI 0.75-0.80) were both adequate for the WAI. Although associated with the risk of future DP, the single-item WAS poorly identified male construction workers at risk of DP. We recommend using the multi-item WAI to screen for risk of DP in occupational health practice.

Vitamin K Status Is not Associated with Cognitive Decline in Middle Aged Adults.

PubMed

van den Heuvel, E G H M; van Schoor, N M; Vermeer, C; Zwijsen, R M L; den Heijer, M; Comijs, H C

2015-11-01

The aim of this study was to examine the association between dephospho-uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein (dp-ucMGP), an indicator of vitamin K status, and cognitive decline, and the modifying role of 25(OH)D. Longitudinal study with six years follow-up. Community based. 599 participants of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (aged 55-65 years). Information processing speed and a composite Z-score by combining three domains of cognition reflecting general cognitive functioning. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) showed no significant associations between dp-ucMGP and decline in general cognitive functioning. Vitamin D modified the association between dp-ucMGP and speed of information processing (p<0.05). In the group with a 25(OH)D concentration > 50 nmol/l, the highest tertile of dp-ucMGP (>406 pmol/l), which corresponds to lower vitamin K levels, was associated with 1.5 higher score on information processing speed (p=0.023) as compared to the lowest tertile of dp-ucMGP. In contrast to our hypothesis, a suboptimal vitamin K was not associated with cognitive decline in middle-aged adults.

Decapitation improves the efficiency of Cd phytoextraction by Celosia argentea Linn.

PubMed

Liu, Jie; Zhang, Xuehong; Mo, Lingyun; Yao, Shiyin; Wang, Yixuan

2017-08-01

The effect of decapitation on enhancing plant growth and Cd accumulation in Celosia argentea Linn. was evaluated using a pot experiment. Decapitation significantly enhanced the growth of C. argentea. The numbers of branch and leaf in the decapitated plants (DP) were significantly higher than those in undecapitated plants (UDP, p < 0.05). Decapitation increased the biomass by 75%-105% for roots, 108%-152% for stems, and 80%-107% for leaves. Although the transpiration and photosynthesis rates were not significantly different between DP and UPD, decapitation significantly increased the total leaf area and total transpiration per plant (p < 0.05). The higher total transpiration per plant resulted in a higher leaf Cd concentration in DP. DP accumulated Cd in shoots (197, 275, and 425 μg plant -1 ) that were 2.5-2.8 times higher than UDP (78, 108, and 152 μg plant -1 ), with the soils containing 1, 5, and 10 mg kg -1 Cd. Results suggested that decapitation is a novel and convenient method to improve the phytoextraction efficiency of C. argentea in Cd contaminated soils. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Water-Exchange-Modified Kinetic Parameters from Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI as Prognostic Biomarkers of Survival in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Antiangiogenic Monotherapy

PubMed Central

Lee, Sang Ho; Hayano, Koichi; Zhu, Andrew X.; Sahani, Dushyant V.; Yoshida, Hiroyuki

2015-01-01

Background To find prognostic biomarkers in pretreatment dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) water-exchange-modified (WX) kinetic parameters for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with antiangiogenic monotherapy. Methods Twenty patients with advanced HCC underwent DCE-MRI and were subsequently treated with sunitinib. Pretreatment DCE-MRI data on advanced HCC were analyzed using five different WX kinetic models: the Tofts-Kety (WX-TK), extended TK (WX-ETK), two compartment exchange, adiabatic approximation to tissue homogeneity (WX-AATH), and distributed parameter (WX-DP) models. The total hepatic blood flow, arterial flow fraction (γ), arterial blood flow (BF A), portal blood flow, blood volume, mean transit time, permeability-surface area product, fractional interstitial volume (v I), extraction fraction, mean intracellular water molecule lifetime (τ C), and fractional intracellular volume (v C) were calculated. After receiver operating characteristic analysis with leave-one-out cross-validation, individual parameters for each model were assessed in terms of 1-year-survival (1YS) discrimination using Kaplan-Meier analysis, and association with overall survival (OS) using univariate Cox regression analysis with permutation testing. Results The WX-TK-model-derived γ (P = 0.022) and v I (P = 0.010), and WX-ETK-model-derived τ C (P = 0.023) and v C (P = 0.042) were statistically significant prognostic biomarkers for 1YS. Increase in the WX-DP-model-derived BF A (P = 0.025) and decrease in the WX-TK, WX-ETK, WX-AATH, and WX-DP-model-derived v C (P = 0.034, P = 0.038, P = 0.028, P = 0.041, respectively) were significantly associated with an increase in OS. Conclusions The WX-ETK-model-derived v C was an effective prognostic biomarker for advanced HCC treated with sunitinib. PMID:26366997

Effect of Oral Premedication on the Efficacy of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Patients with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: A Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

PubMed

Saha, Suparna Ganguly; Jain, Sohini; Dubey, Sandeep; Kala, Shubham; Misuriya, Abhinav; Kataria, Devendra

2016-02-01

It is generally accepted that achieving complete anaesthesia with an Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block (IANB) in mandibular molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis is more challenging than for other teeth. Therefore, administration of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents (NSAIDs) 1 hour prior to anaesthetic administration has been proposed as a means to increase the efficacy of the IANB in such patients. The purpose of this prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial was to determine the effect of administration of oral premedication with ketorolac (KETO) and diclofenac potassium (DP) on the efficacy of IANB in patients with irreversible pulpitis. One hundred and fifty patients with irreversible pulpitis were evaluated preoperatively for pain using Heft Parker visual analogue scale, after which they were randomly divided into three groups. The subjects received identical tablets of ketorolac, diclofenac pottasium or cellulose powder (placebo), 1 hour prior to administration of IANB with 2% lidocaine containing 1:200 000 epinephrine. Lip numbness as well as positive and negative responses to cold test were ascertained. Additionally pain score of each patient was recorded during cavity preparation and root canal instrumentation. Success was defined as the absence of pain or mild pain based on the visual analog scale readings. The data was analysed using One-Way Anova, Post-Hoc Tukey pair wise, Paired T - Test and chi-square test. Trial Registery Number is 4722/2015 for this clinical trial study. There were no significant differences with respect to age (p =0.098), gender (p = 0.801) and pre-VAS score (DP-KETO p=0.645, PLAC-KETO p =0.964, PLAC-DP p = 0.801) between the three groups. All patients had subjective lip anaesthesia with the IAN blocks. Patients of all the three groups reported a significant decrease in active pain after local anaesthesia (p< 0.05). The post injection VAS Score was least in group 1 (KETO) followed by group II (DP) & maximum in group III (PLACEBO). Oral pre-medication with 10 mg KETO resulted in significantly higher percentage of successful inferior alveolar block in patients with irreversible pulpitis than pre-medication with 50 mg DP & PLAC.

Effect of Oral Premedication on the Efficacy of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Patients with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: A Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

PubMed Central

Saha, Suparna Ganguly; Dubey, Sandeep; Kala, Shubham; Misuriya, Abhinav; Kataria, Devendra

2016-01-01

Introduction It is generally accepted that achieving complete anaesthesia with an Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block (IANB) in mandibular molars with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis is more challenging than for other teeth. Therefore, administration of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Agents (NSAIDs) 1 hour prior to anaesthetic administration has been proposed as a means to increase the efficacy of the IANB in such patients. Aim The purpose of this prospective, double-blind, randomized clinical trial was to determine the effect of administration of oral premedication with ketorolac (KETO) and diclofenac potassium (DP) on the efficacy of IANB in patients with irreversible pulpitis. Materials and Methods One hundred and fifty patients with irreversible pulpitis were evaluated preoperatively for pain using Heft Parker visual analogue scale, after which they were randomly divided into three groups. The subjects received identical tablets of ketorolac, diclofenac pottasium or cellulose powder (placebo), 1 hour prior to administration of IANB with 2% lidocaine containing 1:200 000 epinephrine. Lip numbness as well as positive and negative responses to cold test were ascertained. Additionally pain score of each patient was recorded during cavity preparation and root canal instrumentation. Success was defined as the absence of pain or mild pain based on the visual analog scale readings. The data was analysed using One-Way Anova, Post-Hoc Tukey pair wise, Paired T – Test and chi-square test. Trial Registery Number is 4722/2015 for this clinical trial study. Results There were no significant differences with respect to age (p =0.098), gender (p = 0.801) and pre-VAS score (DP-KETO p=0.645, PLAC-KETO p =0.964, PLAC-DP p = 0.801) between the three groups. All patients had subjective lip anaesthesia with the IAN blocks. Patients of all the three groups reported a significant decrease in active pain after local anaesthesia (p< 0.05). The post injection VAS Score was least in group 1 (KETO) followed by group II (DP) & maximum in group III (PLACEBO). Conclusion Oral pre-medication with 10 mg KETO resulted in significantly higher percentage of successful inferior alveolar block in patients with irreversible pulpitis than pre-medication with 50 mg DP & PLAC. PMID:27042580

Identification of Structural Features of Condensed Tannins That Affect Protein Aggregation

PubMed Central

Ropiak, Honorata M.; Lachmann, Peter; Ramsay, Aina; Green, Rebecca J.; Mueller-Harvey, Irene

2017-01-01

A diverse panel of condensed tannins was used to resolve the confounding effects of size and subunit composition seen previously in tannin-protein interactions. Turbidimetry revealed that size in terms of mean degree of polymerisation (mDP) or average molecular weight (amw) was the most important tannin parameter. The smallest tannin with the relatively largest effect on protein aggregation had an mDP of ~7. The average size was significantly correlated with aggregation of bovine serum albumin, BSA (mDP: r = -0.916; amw: r = -0.925; p<0.01; df = 27), and gelatin (mDP: r = -0.961; amw: r = -0.981; p<0.01; df = 12). The procyanidin/prodelphinidin and cis-/trans-flavan-3-ol ratios gave no significant correlations. Tryptophan fluorescence quenching indicated that procyanidins and cis-flavan-3-ol units contributed most to the tannin interactions on the BSA surface and in the hydrophobic binding pocket (r = 0.677; p<0.05; df = 9 and r = 0.887; p<0.01; df = 9, respectively). Circular dichroism revealed that higher proportions of prodelphinidins decreased the apparent α-helix content (r = -0.941; p<0.01; df = 5) and increased the apparent β-sheet content (r = 0.916; p<0.05; df = 5) of BSA. PMID:28125657

Identification of Structural Features of Condensed Tannins That Affect Protein Aggregation.

PubMed

Ropiak, Honorata M; Lachmann, Peter; Ramsay, Aina; Green, Rebecca J; Mueller-Harvey, Irene

2017-01-01

A diverse panel of condensed tannins was used to resolve the confounding effects of size and subunit composition seen previously in tannin-protein interactions. Turbidimetry revealed that size in terms of mean degree of polymerisation (mDP) or average molecular weight (amw) was the most important tannin parameter. The smallest tannin with the relatively largest effect on protein aggregation had an mDP of ~7. The average size was significantly correlated with aggregation of bovine serum albumin, BSA (mDP: r = -0.916; amw: r = -0.925; p<0.01; df = 27), and gelatin (mDP: r = -0.961; amw: r = -0.981; p<0.01; df = 12). The procyanidin/prodelphinidin and cis-/trans-flavan-3-ol ratios gave no significant correlations. Tryptophan fluorescence quenching indicated that procyanidins and cis-flavan-3-ol units contributed most to the tannin interactions on the BSA surface and in the hydrophobic binding pocket (r = 0.677; p<0.05; df = 9 and r = 0.887; p<0.01; df = 9, respectively). Circular dichroism revealed that higher proportions of prodelphinidins decreased the apparent α-helix content (r = -0.941; p<0.01; df = 5) and increased the apparent β-sheet content (r = 0.916; p<0.05; df = 5) of BSA.

Subtype differentiation of renal tumors using voxel-based histogram analysis of intravoxel incoherent motion parameters.

PubMed

Gaing, Byron; Sigmund, Eric E; Huang, William C; Babb, James S; Parikh, Nainesh S; Stoffel, David; Chandarana, Hersh

2015-03-01

The aim of this study was to determine if voxel-based histogram analysis of intravoxel incoherent motion imaging (IVIM) parameters can differentiate various subtypes of renal tumors, including benign and malignant lesions. A total of 44 patients with renal tumors who underwent surgery and had histopathology available were included in this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant, institutional review board-approved, single-institution prospective study. In addition to routine renal magnetic resonance imaging examination performed on a 1.5-T system, all patients were imaged with axial diffusion-weighted imaging using 8 b values (range, 0-800 s/mm). A biexponential model was fitted to the diffusion signal data using a segmented algorithm to extract the IVIM parameters perfusion fraction (fp), tissue diffusivity (Dt), and pseudodiffusivity (Dp) for each voxel. Mean and histogram measures of heterogeneity (standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis) of IVIM parameters were correlated with pathology results of tumor subtype using unequal variance t tests to compare subtypes in terms of each measure. Correction for multiple comparisons was accomplished using the Tukey honestly significant difference procedure. A total of 44 renal tumors including 23 clear cell (ccRCC), 4 papillary (pRCC), 5 chromophobe, and 5 cystic renal cell carcinomas, as well as benign lesions, 4 oncocytomas (Onc) and 3 angiomyolipomas (AMLs), were included in our analysis. Mean IVIM parameters fp and Dt differentiated 8 of 15 pairs of renal tumors. Histogram analysis of IVIM parameters differentiated 9 of 15 subtype pairs. One subtype pair (ccRCC vs pRCC) was differentiated by mean analysis but not by histogram analysis. However, 2 other subtype pairs (AML vs Onc and ccRCC vs Onc) were differentiated by histogram distribution parameters exclusively. The standard deviation of Dt [σ(Dt)] differentiated ccRCC (0.362 ± 0.136 × 10 mm/s) from AML (0.199 ± 0.043 × 10 mm/s) (P = 0.002). Kurtosis of fp separated Onc (2.767 ± 1.299) from AML (-0.325 ± 0.279; P = 0.001), ccRCC (0.612 ± 1.139; P = 0.042), and pRCC (0.308 ± 0.730; P = 0.025). Intravoxel incoherent motion imaging parameters with inclusion of histogram measures of heterogeneity can help differentiate malignant from benign lesions as well as various subtypes of renal cancers.

Ultrahigh-sensitive sensing platform based on p-type dumbbell-like Co3O4 network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Tingting; Zhang, Tong; Zhang, Rui; Lou, Zheng; Deng, Jianan; Wang, Lili

2017-12-01

Development of high performance room temperature sensors remains a grand challenge for high demand of practical application. Metal oxide semiconductors (MOSs) have many advantages over others due to their easy functionalization, high surface area, and low cost. However, they typically need a high work temperature during sensing process. Here, p-type sensing layer is reported, consisting of pore-rich dumbbell-like Co3O4 particles (DP-Co3O4) with intrinsic high catalytic activity. The gas sensor (GS) based DP-Co3O4 catalyst exhibits ultrahigh NH3 sensing activity along with excellent stability over other structure based NH3 GSs in room temperature work environment. In addition, the unique structure of DP-Co3O4 with pore-rich and high catalytic activity endows fast gas diffusion rate and high sensitivity at room temperature. Taken together, the findings in this work highlight the merit of integrating highly active materials in p-type materials, offering a framework to develop high-sensitivity room temperature sensing platforms.

Phosphorus loss from an agricultural watershed as a function of storm size.

PubMed

Sharpley, Andrew N; Kleinman, Peter J A; Heathwaite, A Louise; Gburek, William J; Folmar, Gordon J; Schmidt, John P

2008-01-01

Phosphorus (P) loss from agricultural watersheds is generally greater in storm rather than base flow. Although fundamental to P-based risk assessment tools, few studies have quantified the effect of storm size on P loss. Thus, the loss of P as a function of flow type (base and storm flow) and size was quantified for a mixed-land use watershed (FD-36; 39.5 ha) from 1997 to 2006. Storm size was ranked by return period (<1, 1-3, 3-5, 5-10, and >10 yr), where increasing return period represents storms with greater peak and total flow. From 1997 to 2006, storm flow accounted for 32% of watershed discharge yet contributed 65% of dissolved reactive P (DP) (107 g ha(-1) yr(-1)) and 80% of total P (TP) exported (515 g ha(-1) yr(-1)). Of 248 storm flows during this period, 93% had a return period of <1 yr, contributing most of the 10-yr flow (6507 m(3) ha(-1); 63%) and export of DP (574 g ha(-1); 54%) and TP (2423 g ha(-1); 47%). Two 10-yr storms contributed 23% of P exported between 1997 and 2006. A significant increase in storm flow DP concentration with storm size (0.09-0.16 mg L(-1)) suggests that P release from soil and/or area of the watershed producing runoff increase with storm size. Thus, implementation of P-based Best Management Practice needs to consider what level of risk management is acceptable.

Naval Aircraft Operating and Support Cost-Estimating Model - FY77 Revision

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-02-01

cont’d.) SAMPLE DPERflTING AND SUPPDRT COST ESTIMATE CTHQUSAMtiS DP FY77S:> iso AVERAGE AHNUAL TDTflL COST COST PER UE 10 AC TDTflL 939...0 01 1 1 0 0 J 9 ? 9 p 14 0 0J 15 0 0, 9 1 P 1700J 18ij 0 P 1900 P 9p £1 0 0 P £8 00 P 9» £400 P 9J 9P 27001 £8 0 0 P 9p 3 000 £ P 31 01 j P 9 ? 3

Airborne polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PBDD/Fs), and dechlorane plus (DP) in concentrated vehicle parking areas.

PubMed

Li, Huiru; Liu, Hehuan; Mo, Ligui; Sheng, Guoying; Fu, Jiamo; Peng, Ping'an

2016-06-01

This study investigated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PBDD/Fs), and dechlorane plus (DP) in air around three concentrated vehicle parking areas (underground, indoor, and outdoor) in a metropolitan of South China. The parking areas showed higher concentrations of PBDEs, PBDD/Fs, and DP than their adjacent urban area or distinct congener/isomer profiles, which indicate their local emission sources. The highest PBDE and DP concentrations were found in the outdoor parking lot, which might be related to the heating effect of direct sunlight exposure. Multi-linear regression analysis results suggest that deca-BDEs without noticeable transformation contributed most to airborne PBDEs in all studied areas, followed by penta-BDEs. The statistically lower anti-DP fractions in the urban area than that of commercial product signified its degradation/transformation during transportation. Neither PBDEs nor vehicle exhaust contributed much to airborne PBDD/Fs in the parking areas. There were 68.1-100 % of PBDEs, PBDD/Fs, and DP associated with particles. Logarithms of gas-particle distribution coefficients (K ps) of PBDEs were significantly linear-correlated with those of their sub-cooled vapor pressures (p Ls) and octanol-air partition coefficients (K OAs) in all studied areas. The daily inhalation doses of PBDEs, DP, and PBDD/Fs were individually estimated as 89.7-10,741, 2.05-39.4, and 0.12-4.17 pg kg(-1) day(-1) for employees in the parking areas via Monte Carlo simulation.

Impact of Incline, Sex and Level of Performance on Kinematics During a Distance Race in Classical Cross-Country Skiing.

PubMed

Stöggl, Thomas; Welde, Boye; Supej, Matej; Zoppirolli, Chiara; Rolland, Carsten G; Holmberg, Hans-Christer; Pellegrini, Barbara

2018-03-01

Here, female and male elite cross-country (XC) skiers were compared on varying terrain during an official 10-km (women) and 15-km (men) Norwegian championship race. On the basis of race performance, 82 skiers were classified as fast (FS) (20 women, 20 men) or slower (SS) (21, 21) skiers. All were video recorded on flat (0°), intermediate (3.5°), uphill (7.1°) and steep uphill (11°) terrain during the race at a distance of 0.8, 1.2, 2.1 and 7.1 km from the start, respectively. All skiers employed exclusively double-poling (DP) on the flat section and, except for the male winner, exclusively diagonal stride (DIA) on the uphill sections. On the intermediate section, more men than women utilized DP and fewer DIA (p = 0.001), with no difference in kick double-poling (DPK). More FS than SS utilized DPK and fewer DIA (p = 0.001), with similar usage of DP. Males skied with faster and longer cycles but lower cycle rate compared with females (p < 0.001), with largest absolute sex differences on flat terrain (p < 0.001) and largest relative differences for cycle velocity and length on intermediate and uphill terrain. External power output rose with increasing incline, being higher for men and FS (p < 0.001). Cycle velocity on flat terrain was the best predictor of mean race velocity for the men, while cycle velocity on steep uphill was the best predictor for the women (both p < 0.001). In conclusion, incline, sex and level of performance influenced cycle characteristics and power output. Greatest absolute sex gap was on flat terrain, whereas the relative difference was greatest on intermediate and steep uphill terrain. We recommend usage of more DP and/or DPK, and less DIA and fewer transitions between techniques on intermediate terrain. Predictors of race performance are sex specific with greatest potential for enhancing performance on flat terrain for men and on steep uphill terrain for women.

Modulation of E2F activity in primary mouse B cells following stimulation via surface IgM and CD40 receptors.

PubMed

Lam, E W; Glassford, J; van der Sman, J; Banerji, L; Pizzey, A R; Shaun, N; Thomas, B; Klaus, G G

1999-10-01

Since signals via CD40 and the B cell receptor are known to synergize to induce B cell activation, we have analyzed the pocket protein/E2F complexes in mouse B lymphocytes following stimulation by anti-IgM, anti-CD40, alone or together. We find that E2F4 and DP1 form the predominant E2F heterodimers in the G0 and G1 phases of the cell cycle, complexed with hypophosphorylated p130. During late G1 and S phase this complex is replaced by at least three different E2F complexes, one of which is an E2F complex containing p107 or pRB as well as two "free" E2F complexes consisting of E2F4/DP1 and E2F1-3/DP1. These effects were mirrored by the levels and phosphorylation status of the three pocket proteins. We also observed an increase in electrophoretic mobility of DP1 and E2F4 as B cells progressed from G0 into early G1, resulting from their dephosphorylation. This is known to correlate with a decrease in DNA binding capacity of these proteins and could also be important for derepression of genes negatively regulated through E2F sites in their promoters. These results therefore indicate that the pRB/E2F pathway integrates proliferative signals emanating from the sIgM and CD40 receptors.

Comparison of ventilation threshold and heart rate deflection point in fast and standard treadmill test protocols.

PubMed

Vucetić, Vlatko; Sentija, Davor; Sporis, Goran; Trajković, Nebojsa; Milanović, Zoran

2014-06-01

The purpose of this study was to compare two methods for determination of anaerobic threshold from two different treadmill protocols. Forty-eight Croatian runners of national rank (ten sprinters, fifteen 400-m runners, ten middle distance runners and thirteen long distance runners), mean age 21.7 +/- 5.1 years, participated in the study. They performed two graded maximal exercise tests on a treadmill, a standard ramp treadmill test (T(SR), speed increments of 1 km x h(-1) every 60 seconds) and a fast ramp treadmill test (T(FR), speed increments of 1 km x h(-1) every 30 seconds) to determine and compare the parameters at peak values and at heart rate at the deflection point (HR(DP)) and ventilation threshold (VT). There were no significant differences between protocols (p > 0.05) for peak values of oxygen uptake (VO(2max), 4.48 +/- 0.43 and 4.44 +/- 0.45 L x min(-1)), weight related VO(2max) (62.5 +/- 6.2 and 62.0 +/- 6.0 mL x kg(-1) x min(-1)), pulmonary ventilation (VE(max), 163.1 +/- 18.7 and 161.3 +/- 19.9 L x min(-1)) and heart rate (HR(max), 192.3 +/- 8.5 and 194.4 +/- 8.7 bpm) (T(FR) and T(SR), respectively). Moreover, no significant differences between T(FR) and T(SR) where found for VT and HR(DP) when expressed as VO2 and HR. However, there was a significant effect of ramp slope on running speed at VO(2max) and at the anaerobic threshold (AnT), independent of the method used (VT: 16.0 +/- 2.2 vs 14.9 +/- 2.2 km x h(-1);HR(DP): 16.5 +/- 1.9 vs 14.9 +/- 2.0 km x h(-1) for T(FR) and T(SR) respectively). Linear regression analysis revealed high between-test and between-method correlations for VO2, HR and running speed parameters (r = 0.78-0.89, p < 0.01). The present study has indicated that the VT and HR(DP) for running (VO2, ventilation, and heart rate at VT/HR(DP)) are independent of test protocol, while there is a significant effect of ramp slope on VT and HR(DP) when expressed as running speed. Moreover, this study demonstrates that the point of deflection from linearity of heart rate may be an accurate predictor of the anaerobic threshold in trained runners, independently of the protocol used.

RTOG 0529: A Phase 2 Evaluation of Dose-Painted Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy in Combination With 5-Fluorouracil and Mitomycin-C for the Reduction of Acute Morbidity in Carcinoma of the Anal Canal

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kachnic, Lisa A., E-mail: lisa.kachnic@bmc.org; Winter, Kathryn; Myerson, Robert J.

2013-05-01

Purpose: A multi-institutional phase 2 trial assessed the utility of dose-painted intensity modulated radiation therapy (DP-IMRT) in reducing grade 2+ combined acute gastrointestinal and genitourinary adverse events (AEs) of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and mitomycin-C (MMC) chemoradiation for anal cancer by at least 15% compared with the conventional radiation/5FU/MMC arm from RTOG 9811. Methods and Materials: T2-4N0-3M0 anal cancer patients received 5FU and MMC on days 1 and 29 of DP-IMRT, prescribed per stage: T2N0, 42 Gy elective nodal and 50.4 Gy anal tumor planning target volumes (PTVs) in 28 fractions; T3-4N0-3, 45 Gy elective nodal, 50.4 Gy ≤3 cm or 54more » Gy >3 cm metastatic nodal and 54 Gy anal tumor PTVs in 30 fractions. The primary endpoint is described above. Planned secondary endpoints assessed all AEs and the investigator’s ability to perform DP-IMRT. Results: Of 63 accrued patients, 52 were evaluable. Tumor stage included 54% II, 25% IIIA, and 21% IIIB. In primary endpoint analysis, 77% experienced grade 2+ gastrointestinal/genitourinary acute AEs (9811 77%). There was, however, a significant reduction in acute grade 2+ hematologic, 73% (9811 85%, P=.032), grade 3+ gastrointestinal, 21% (9811 36%, P=.0082), and grade 3+ dermatologic AEs 23% (9811 49%, P<.0001) with DP-IMRT. On initial pretreatment review, 81% required DP-IMRT replanning, and final review revealed only 3 cases with normal tissue major deviations. Conclusions: Although the primary endpoint was not met, DP-IMRT was associated with significant sparing of acute grade 2+ hematologic and grade 3+ dermatologic and gastrointestinal toxicity. Although DP-IMRT proved feasible, the high pretreatment planning revision rate emphasizes the importance of real-time radiation quality assurance for IMRT trials.« less

Udder health of dairy cows fed different dietary energy levels after a short or no dry period without use of dry cow antibiotics.

PubMed

van Hoeij, R J; Lam, T J G M; Bruckmaier, R M; Dijkstra, J; Remmelink, G J; Kemp, B; van Knegsel, A T M

2018-05-01

Reports on the effects of length of dry period (DP) on udder health of cows that were not treated with dry cow antibiotics are scarce. Additionally, the effects of a reduced dietary energy level for cows with a 0-d DP on udder health have not yet been studied. The aims of this study were (1) to compare effects of a 0-d or 30-d DP without use of dry cow antibiotics on udder health across the DP and subsequent lactation in dairy cows fed different dietary energy levels and (2) to evaluate associations between udder health and metabolic status of dairy cows. Five weeks before the expected calving date, Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (n = 115) were blocked for parity, expected calving date, and milk yield and somatic cell count (SCC) at their 2 last test days and were randomly assigned to 2 DP lengths: 0-d DP (n = 77) or 30-d DP (n = 38). Quarter milk samples were taken in wk 5 prepartum and in wk 1 and 5 postpartum. Proportion of quarters with elevated SCC (SCC ≥200,000 cells/mL) and proportion of udder pathogens in quarter milk samples did not differ between DP lengths among weeks. After calving, 102 of these cows were randomly assigned to 3 treatments: a 30-d DP with a standard energy level required for expected milk yield (30-d DP SEL; n = 36), a 0-d DP with the same energy level as cows with a 30-d DP (0-d DP SEL; n = 33), and a 0-d DP with a low energy level (0-d DP LEL, n = 33). From wk 8 of lactation onward, cows received either a glucogenic ration consisting of corn silage and grass silage or a lipogenic ration consisting of grass silage and sugar beet pulp at a standard or low energy level. During wk 1 to 7 postpartum, treatment did not affect SCC or SCC corrected for milk yield. During wk 8 to 44 of lactation, 0-d DP SEL cows had a greater SCC than 0-d DP LEL or 30-d DP SEL cows and had a greater SCC corrected for milk yield than 0-d DP LEL cows. During wk 1 to 44 of lactation, occurrence of at least 1 elevation of SCC (SCC ≥200,000 cells/mL after 2 wk of SCC <200,000 cells/mL) was not different among treatments. The 0-d DP SEL cows but not the 0-d DP LEL cows tended to have a 2.17 times greater hazard of having a case of clinical mastitis at any time in lactation than 30-d DP SEL cows. In wk 1 to 44 of lactation, lower fat- and protein- corrected milk yield and energy intake, greater energy balance, and greater plasma insulin concentration were associated with greater SCC. In conclusion, DP length did not affect udder health in the DP and in early lactation but seemed to decrease udder health for 0-d DP SEL cows in later lactation compared with 30-d DP SEL or 0-d DP LEL cows. Copyright © 2018 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effectiveness of Directional Preference to Guide Management of Low Back Pain in Canadian Armed Forces Members: A Pragmatic Study.

PubMed

Franz, Anja; Lacasse, Anaïs; Donelson, Ronald; Tousignant-Laflamme, Yannick

2017-11-01

Low-back pain (LBP) is a leading cause for disability in military personnel. Consequently, effective management strategies are required to maintaining operational capabilities. Physical therapy clinical practice guidelines recommend the use of directional preference (DP) to guide management. The effectiveness of this approach has not been tested in military personnel using a pragmatic study design. Pragmatic studies are ideal to inform clinicians and policymakers about the usefulness of proven interventions in real-life clinical conditions. The purpose of this study was therefore to determine, in clinical practice, the effectiveness of a management approach guided by DP vs. usual care (UC) physical therapy in Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) members with LBP. A pragmatic study was conducted among 44 consecutive CAF members with LBP who received management guided by DP (n = 22) or UC (n = 22). Outcomes were pain intensity (primary outcome), pain location and frequency, perceived disability, medication use, perceived global effect (pain, function, overall status), work loss, and health care utilization. The effectiveness of the intervention was assessed at 1-month and 3-months follow-up. Statistically significant differences favoring the DP group were observed for pain intensity (Δ 1 month: 1.9/10; 95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.97-2.89; Δ 3 months: 1.3/10; 95% CI: 0.35-2.31), pain location at 1 month (54.5% vs. 19.0%; p = 0.02) and 3 months (68.2% vs. 38.1%; p = 0.01), disability (Δ 1 month: 4.3/24; 95% CI: 2.12-6.38; Δ 3 months: 3.5/24; 95% CI; 1.59-5.33), perceived global effect at 1 month (pain: 86.4% vs. 57.1%; function: 81.8% vs. 47.6%; overall status: 86.4% vs. 57.1%) and 3 months (pain: 95.5% vs. 71.1%; overall status: 95.5% vs. 66.7%) with p values < 0.05, and improvement in work status at 3 months (54.5% vs. 23.8%; p = 0.04). DP-guided management appears more effective than UC physical therapy to reduce pain and improve function in CAF members with LBP. Rapid improvements and the patient's ability to self-manage may prove especially advantageous in deployed settings. Our findings are particularly useful to inform military policymakers and clinicians on optimal management for CAF members. Reprint & Copyright © 2017 Association of Military Surgeons of the U.S.

Erythrocyte arginase, pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase (P5N), and deoxypyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase (dP5N) as indices of lead exposure.

PubMed Central

Cook, L R; Angle, C R; Stohs, S J

1986-01-01

The activities of three erythrocyte (rbc) enzymes, arginase, pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase (P5N), and deoxypyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase (dP5N), were compared in 16 lead workers and 14 age matched controls as correlates of blood lead (PbB) and unextracted zinc protoporphyrin (EP) concentrations. Subjects with PbB of 0.9-2.5 microM (19-52 micrograms/dl) had 6.5 +/- 0.6 IU of P5N activity with uridine monophosphate (UMP) as substrate, significantly less (p less than 0.001) than the 12.0 +/- 0.7 IU activity of controls with PbB 0.3-0.6 microM (6-12 micrograms/dl). The mean activity of rbc dP5N with either deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP) or thymidine monophosphate as substrate, and of rbc arginase, did not differentiate the two groups. The correlation coefficients of ln PbB with the selected substrates for P5N and dP5N were: UMP, r = -0.75; dUMP, r = -0.61; TMP, r = -0.23. The correlation coefficient of ln PbB and arginase activity was -0.03. Rbc P5N (UMPase) is a significant correlate of PbB, equivalent to rbc protoporphyrin. HPLC assay of rbc UMPase activity is a sensitive and rapid assay that appears to meet criteria for a reliable clinical laboratory index of blood lead concentrations. PMID:3013277

Mozart, but not the Beatles, reduces systolic blood pressure in patients with myocardial infarction.

PubMed

Gruhlke, Luiza Carolina; Patrício, Marcelo Coelho; Moreira, Daniel Medeiros

2015-12-01

Music reduces systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate (HR) in various clinical situations, but it is unclear whether these changes occur in post-infarction patients. The aim is to evaluate the effects of music on patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI). We evaluated patients with MI and we measured SBP, DBP, HR and double product (DP) two times before the intervention and one time every fifteen minutes with an ambulatory blood pressure monitor. We divided the patients into 3 groups: a group listening to music by Mozart; another listening to a Beatles collection and a third one listening to the radio news. Outcomes were the change in mean SBP, DBP, HR and DP with intervention. We enrolled 60 patients (20 in each group). SBP was significantly reduced in the Mozart group (variation of –7.2 ± 8.5 mmHg) compared to the Beatles group (–1.3 ± 6.2 mmHg) (P = 0.021) and the radio news group (0.6 ± 8.7 mmHg) (P = 0.003). DP was significantly reduced in the Mozart group compared with the News group (–668.5 ± 773.2 vs 31.6 ± 722.1 mmHg) (P = 0.006). There were no differences in DBP and HR. Patients with MI who listened Mozart had a reduction in SBP and DP compared to those who listened to the Beatles or the news.

The Role of Power Fluctuations in the Preference of Diagonal vs. Double Poling Sub-Technique at Different Incline-Speed Combinations in Elite Cross-Country Skiers

PubMed Central

Dahl, Christine; Sandbakk, Øyvind; Danielsen, Jørgen; Ettema, Gertjan

2017-01-01

In classical cross-country skiing, diagonal stride (DIA) is the major uphill sub-technique, while double poling (DP) is used on relatively flat terrain. Although, the dependence of incline and speed on the preference of either sub-technique seems clearly established, the mechanisms behind these preferences are not clear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare kinetics and energy consumption in DP and DIA at the same submaximal workload in cross-country skiing under two different incline-speed combinations. We compared kinetics and physiological responses in DP and DIA at the same submaximal workload (≈200 W) under two different incline-speed conditions, (5%—12.5 km h−1 vs. 12%—6.5 km h−1) where DP and DIA were expected to be preferred, respectively. Fifteen elite male cross-country skiers performed four separate 6.5-min roller skiing sessions on a treadmill at these two conditions using DP and DIA during which physiological variables, rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and kinetics, including power fluctuations, were recorded. At 12% incline, DIA resulted in lower physiological response (e.g., heart rate) and RPE, and higher gross efficiency than DP, whereas at 5% incline these variables favored DP (P < 0.05). The skiers' preference for sub-technique (13 preferred DIA at 12% incline; all 15 preferred DP at 5% incline) was in accordance with these results. Fluctuation in instantaneous power was lowest in the preferred sub-technique at each condition (P < 0.05). Preference for DP at 5% incline (high speed) is most likely because the speed is too high for effective ski thrust in DIA, which is reflected in high power fluctuations. The mechanism for preference of DIA at 12% incline is not indicated directly by the current data set showing only small differences in power fluctuations between DIA and DP. Apart from the low speed allowing ski thrust, we suggest that restricted ability to utilize the body's mechanical energy as well as the use of arms in DP play an important role. PMID:28270769

The Role of Power Fluctuations in the Preference of Diagonal vs. Double Poling Sub-Technique at Different Incline-Speed Combinations in Elite Cross-Country Skiers.

PubMed

Dahl, Christine; Sandbakk, Øyvind; Danielsen, Jørgen; Ettema, Gertjan

2017-01-01

In classical cross-country skiing, diagonal stride (DIA) is the major uphill sub-technique, while double poling (DP) is used on relatively flat terrain. Although, the dependence of incline and speed on the preference of either sub-technique seems clearly established, the mechanisms behind these preferences are not clear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare kinetics and energy consumption in DP and DIA at the same submaximal workload in cross-country skiing under two different incline-speed combinations. We compared kinetics and physiological responses in DP and DIA at the same submaximal workload (≈200 W) under two different incline-speed conditions, (5%-12.5 km h -1 vs. 12%-6.5 km h -1 ) where DP and DIA were expected to be preferred, respectively. Fifteen elite male cross-country skiers performed four separate 6.5-min roller skiing sessions on a treadmill at these two conditions using DP and DIA during which physiological variables, rate of perceived exertion ( RPE ) and kinetics, including power fluctuations, were recorded. At 12% incline, DIA resulted in lower physiological response (e.g., heart rate) and RPE , and higher gross efficiency than DP, whereas at 5% incline these variables favored DP ( P < 0.05). The skiers' preference for sub-technique (13 preferred DIA at 12% incline; all 15 preferred DP at 5% incline) was in accordance with these results. Fluctuation in instantaneous power was lowest in the preferred sub-technique at each condition ( P < 0.05). Preference for DP at 5% incline (high speed) is most likely because the speed is too high for effective ski thrust in DIA, which is reflected in high power fluctuations. The mechanism for preference of DIA at 12% incline is not indicated directly by the current data set showing only small differences in power fluctuations between DIA and DP. Apart from the low speed allowing ski thrust, we suggest that restricted ability to utilize the body's mechanical energy as well as the use of arms in DP play an important role.

Multifunctionalized polyethyleneimine-based nanocarriers for gene and chemotherapeutic drug combination therapy through one-step assembly strategy

PubMed Central

Wang, Tianqi; Zhang, Bo; Liu, Chunxi; Zhang, Na

2017-01-01

Gene therapy combined with chemotherapy to achieve synergistic therapeutic effects has been a hot topic in recent years. In this project, the human tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-encoding plasmid gene (TRAIL) and doxorubicin (Dox)-coloaded multi-functional nanocarrier was constructed based on the theory of circulation, accumulation, internalization, and release. Briefly, polyethyleneimine (PEI) was selected as skeleton material to synthesize PEI–polyethylene glycol (PEG)–TAT (PPT). Dox was conjugated to PEI using C6-succinimidyl 6-hydrazinonicotinate acetone hydrazone (C6-SANH), and a pH-sensitive Dox-PEI (DP) conjugate was obtained. Then, intracellular cationic pH-sensitive cellular assistant PPT and DP were mixed to condense TRAIL, and TRAIL–Dox coloaded PPT/DP/TRAIL (PDT) nanocarriers were obtained by one-step assembly. TRAIL was completely condensed by DP or PPT when mass ratios (DP/PPT to TRAIL) were up to 100:64, which indicated that DP and PPT could be mixed at any ratio for TRAIL condensation. The intracellular uptake rate of PDT was enhanced (P<0.05) when the contents of PPT in PPT+DP increased from 0 to 30%. Free Dox and TRAIL-loaded nanocarriers (PPT/C6-SANH-PEI/TRAIL [PCT]) were selected as controls to verify the synergistic antitumor effects of PDT. Compared with free TRAIL, TRAIL-protein expression was upregulated by PDT and PCT on Western blotting assays. The in vitro cytotoxicity of PDT was significantly enhanced compared to free Dox and PCT (P<0.01). Furthermore, murine PDT nanocarriers showed higher in vivo antitumor ability than both the Dox group (P<0.05) and the murine PCT group (P<0.05). These results indicated that the TRAIL + Dox synergistic antitumor effect could be achieved by PDT, which paves the way to gene–drug combination therapy for cancer. PMID:29263663

Reaction time in ankle movements: a diffusion model analysis

PubMed Central

Michmizos, Konstantinos P.; Krebs, Hermano Igo

2015-01-01

Reaction time (RT) is one of the most commonly used measures of neurological function and dysfunction. Despite the extensive studies on it, no study has ever examined the RT in the ankle. Twenty-two subjects were recruited to perform simple, 2- and 4-choice RT tasks by visually guiding a cursor inside a rectangular target with their ankle. RT did not change with spatial accuracy constraints imposed by different target widths in the direction of the movement. RT increased as a linear function of potential target stimuli, as would be predicted by Hick–Hyman law. Although the slopes of the regressions were similar, the intercept in dorsal–plantar (DP) direction was significantly smaller than the intercept in inversion–eversion (IE) direction. To explain this difference, we used a hierarchical Bayesian estimation of the Ratcliff's (Psychol Rev 85:59, 1978) diffusion model parameters and divided processing time into cognitive components. The model gave a good account of RTs, their distribution and accuracy values, and hence provided a testimony that the non-decision processing time (overlap of posterior distributions between DP and IE < 0.045), the boundary separation (overlap of the posterior distributions < 0.1) and the evidence accumulation rate (overlap of the posterior distributions < 0.01) components of the RT accounted for the intercept difference between DP and IE. The model also proposed that there was no systematic change in non-decision processing time or drift rate when spatial accuracy constraints were altered. The results were in agreement with the memory drum hypothesis and could be further justified neurophysiologically by the larger innervation of the muscles controlling DP movements. This study might contribute to assessing deficits in sensorimotor control of the ankle and enlighten a possible target for correction in the framework of our on-going effort to develop robotic therapeutic interventions to the ankle of children with cerebral palsy. PMID:25030966

High Dephosphorylated-Uncarboxylated MGP in Hemodialysis patients: risk factors and response to vitamin K2, A pre-post intervention clinical trial.

PubMed

Aoun, Mabel; Makki, Maha; Azar, Hiba; Matta, Hiam; Chelala, Dania Nehme

2017-06-07

Vascular calcifications are highly prevalent in hemodialysis patients. Dephosphorylated-uncarboxylated MGP (dp-ucMGP) was found to increase in vitamin K-deficient patients and may be associated with vascular calcifications. Supplementation of hemodialysis patients with vitamin K 2 (menaquinone-7) has been studied in Europe with a maximum 61% drop of dp-ucMGP levels. The aim of this study is to assess first the drop of dp-ucMGP in an Eastern Mediterranean cohort after vitamin K 2 treatment and second the correlation between baseline dp-ucMGP and vascular calcification score. This is a prospective, pre-post intervention clinical trial involving 50 hemodialysis patients who received daily 360 μg of menaquinone-7 for 4 weeks. At baseline they were assessed for plasma dp-ucMGP levels and vascular calcification scores (AC-24) as well as for other demographic, clinical and biological variables. Dp-ucMGP levels were measured a second time at 4 weeks. At baseline, dp-ucMGP levels were extremely elevated with a median of 3179.15 (1825.25; 4339.50) pM and correlated significantly with AC-24 (Spearman's rho = 0.43, P = 0.002). Using a bivariate regression analysis, the association between dp-ucMGP levels and AC-24 was most significant when comparing dp-ucMGP levels less than 1000 to those more than 1000 pM (P = 0.02). Dp-ucMGP levels higher than 5000 pM were significantly associated with females, patients with recent fracture and patients with lower serum albumin (respectively P = 0.02, 0.004 and 0.046). The average drop of dp-ucMGP at 4 weeks of treatment was found to be 86% with diabetics having the lowest drop rate (P = 0.01). Vitamin K deficiency, as assessed by high dp-ucMGP levels, is profound in hemodialysis patients from the Eastern Mediterranean region and it is significantly correlated with vascular calcifications. Daily 360 μg of menaquinone-7, given for 4 weeks, effectively reduces dp-ucMGP in this population. Future studies are needed to assess the changes in vascular calcifications in hemodialysis patients treated with vitamin K 2 over a longer follow-up period. The clinical trial was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (Identification number NCT02876354 , on August 11, 2016).

What Are the Most Significant Cost and Value Drivers for Pancreatic Resection in an Integrated Healthcare System?

PubMed

Vuong, Brooke; Dehal, Ahmed; Uppal, Abhineet; Stern, Stacey L; Mejia, Juan; Weerasinghe, Roshanthi; Kapoor, Vandana; Ong, Evan; Hansen, Paul D; Bilchik, Anton J

2018-03-23

An initiative was established to improve value-based care for pancreatic surgery in a large nonprofit health system. Cost data were presented bimonthly to a hepatobiliary clinical performance group via videoconference. The direct costs were calculated for all patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy (DP) and pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) between January 2014 and July 2017. Median length of stay, 30-day and 90-day mortality rates, readmission rate, and costs were stratified by surgeon volume using 2 published criteria: "volume pledge" criteria (≥5 PDs/year) and Leapfrog criteria (≥11 PDs/year). There were 270 DPs and 526 PDs performed in 14 hospitals spanning 4 states. Median PD costs were lower for high-volume surgeons (≥5 PDs/year), $21,026 vs $24,706 (p = 0.005). High-volume surgeons had a shorter length of stay (9 days vs 11 days; p < 0.001) for PD and DP (6 days vs 7 days; p = 0.001). Increased costs for low-volume surgeons included operative/anesthesia costs ($7,321 vs $6,325; p = 0.03), room and board ($5,828 vs $4,580; p = 0.01), and intensive care costs ($4,464 vs $3,113; p = 0.04). Operating time was increased for high-volume surgeons for DP and PD (p < 0.001). There was no difference in 30-day or 90-day mortality rates or readmissions for DP or PD when stratified by volume pledge criteria. There was no difference in total costs for DP or PD when stratified by Leapfrog criteria. There was a significant cost reduction for PD but not DP when the threshold of 5 PDs was used as a definition of high volume. The sharing of detailed financial data with HPB surgeons on a regular basis provides an opportunity to evaluate practice patterns and thereby reduce direct costs. Copyright © 2018 American College of Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A dietary pattern including nopal, chia seed, soy protein, and oat reduces serum triglycerides and glucose intolerance in patients with metabolic syndrome.

PubMed

Guevara-Cruz, Martha; Tovar, Armando R; Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A; Medina-Vera, Isabel; Gil-Zenteno, Lidia; Hernández-Viveros, Isaac; López-Romero, Patricia; Ordaz-Nava, Guillermo; Canizales-Quinteros, Samuel; Guillen Pineda, Luz E; Torres, Nimbe

2012-01-01

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a health problem throughout the world and is associated with cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Thus, the purpose of the present work was to evaluate the effects of a dietary pattern (DP; soy protein, nopal, chia seed, and oat) on the biochemical variables of MetS, the AUC for glucose and insulin, glucose intolerance (GI), the relationship of the presence of certain polymorphisms related to MetS, and the response to the DP. In this randomized trial, the participants consumed their habitual diet but reduced by 500 kcal for 2 wk. They were then assigned to the placebo (P; n = 35) or DP (n = 32) group and consumed the reduced energy diet plus the P or DP beverage (235 kcal) minus the energy provided by these for 2 mo. All participants had decreases in body weight (BW), BMI, and waist circumference during the 2-mo treatment (P < 0.0001); however, only the DP group had decreases in serum TG, C-reactive protein (CRP), and AUC for insulin and GI after a glucose tolerance test. Interestingly, participants in the DP group with MetS and the ABCA1 R230C variant had a greater decrease in BW and an increase in serum adiponectin concentration after 2 mo of dietary treatment than those with the ABCA1 R230R variant. The results from this study suggest that lifestyle interventions involving specific DP for the treatment of MetS could be more effective if local foods and genetic variations of the population are considered.

Control of speed during the double poling technique performed by elite cross-country skiers.

PubMed

Lindinger, Stefan Josef; Stöggl, Thomas; Müller, Erich; Holmberg, Hans-Christer

2009-01-01

Double poling (DP) as a main technique in cross-country skiing has developed substantially over the last 15 yr. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the question, "How do modern elite skiers control DP speed?" Twelve male elite cross-country skiers roller skied using DP at 9, 15, 21, and 27 km.h(-1) and maximum velocity (V(max)). Cycle characteristics, pole and plantar forces, and elbow, hip, and knee joint angles were analyzed. Both poling frequency and cycle length increased up to 27 km.h (-1)(P < 0.05), with a further increase in poling frequency at V(max) (P < 0.05). Peak pole force, rate of force development, and rearfoot plantar force increased with submaximal velocities (V(sm)), whereas poling time and time-to-peak pole force gradually shortened (P < 0.05). Changes in elbow joint kinematics during the poling phase were characterized by a decreased angle minimum and an increased flexion and extension ranges of motion as well as angular velocities across V(sm) (P < 0.05), with no further changes at V(max). Hip and knee joint kinematics adapted across V(sm) by 1) decreasing angles at pole plant and angle minima during the poling phase, 2) increasing the ranges of motion and angular velocities during the flexion phases occurring around pole plant, and 3) increasing extension ranges of motion and angular velocities during the recovery phase (all P values <0.05), with no further changes at V(max). Elite skiers control DP speed by increasing both poling frequency and cycle length; the latter is achieved by increased pole force despite reduced poling time. Adaptation to higher speeds was assisted by an increased range of motion, smaller angle minima, and higher angular velocities in the elbow, the hip, and the knee joints.

The pH dependence of the cathodic peak potential of the active sites in bilirubin oxidase.

PubMed

Filip, Jaroslav; Tkac, Jan

2014-04-01

This is the first study showing pH dependence of three distinct redox sites within bilirubin oxidase (BOD) adsorbed on a nanocomposite modified electrode. The 1st redox centre with the highest redox potential Ec(1st)=404 mV vs. Ag/AgCl (614 mV vs. NHE at pH7.0) exhibited pH dependence with a slope -dEc(1st)/dpH=66(±3) mV under a non-turnover process. The 2nd redox centre with a potential Ec(2nd)=228 mV vs. Ag/AgCl (438 mV vs. NHE at pH7.0) was not dependent on pH in the absence and presence of O2. Finally, the 3rd redox site with a redox potential Ec(3rd)=92 mV vs. Ag/AgCl (302 mV vs. NHE at pH7.0) exhibited pH dependence for a cathodic process with -dEc(3rd)/dpH=70(±6) mV and for anodic process with -dEa(3rd)/dpH=73(±2) mV, respectively. Moreover, two break points for dependence of Ec(1st) or Ec(3rd) on pH were observed for the 1st (T1) site and the 3rd site assigned to involvement of two acidic amino acids (Asp105 and Glu463). A diagram of a potential difference between cathodic peaks of BOD as a dependence on pH is shown. The results obtained can be of interest for construction of biofuel cells based on BOD such as for generation of a low level of electricity from body fluids. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Soil CO2 CH4 and N2O fluxes from an afforested lowland raised peatbog in Scotland: implications for drainage and restoration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yamulki, S.; Anderson, R.; Peace, A.; Morison, J. I. L.

2013-02-01

The effect of tree (lodgepole pine) planting with and without intensive drainage on soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes was assessed after 45 yr at a raised peatbog in West Flanders Moss, central Scotland. Fluxes of CO2 CH4 and N2O from the soil were monitored over a 2-yr period every 2 to 4 weeks using the static opaque chamber method in a randomised experimental block trial with the following treatments: drained and planted (DP), undrained and planted (uDP), undrained and unplanted (uDuP) and for reference also from an adjoining near-pristine area of bog at East Flanders Moss (n-pris). There was a strong seasonal pattern in both CO2 and CH4 effluxes which were significantly higher in late spring and summer months because of warmer temperatures. Effluxes of N2O were low and no significant differences were observed between the treatments. Annual CH4 emissions increased with the proximity of the water table to the soil surface across treatments in the order: DP < uDP < uDuP < n-pris with mean annual effluxes over the 2-yr monitoring period of 0.15, 0.64, 7.70 and 22.63 g CH4 m-2 yr-1, respectively. For CO2, effluxes increased in the order uDP < DP< n-pris < uDuP, with mean annual effluxes of 1.23, 1.66, 1.82 and 2.55 kg CO2 m-2 yr-1, respectively. CO2 effluxes dominated the total net GHG emission, calculated using the global warming potential (GWP) of the three GHGs for each treatment (76-98%), and only in the n-pris site was CH4 a substantial contribution (23%). Based on soil effluxes only, the near pristine (n-pris) peatbog had 43% higher total net GHG emission compared with the DP treatment because of high CH4 effluxes and the DP treatment had 33% higher total net emission compared with the uDP because drainage increased CO2 effluxes. Restoration is likely to increase CH4 emissions, but reduce CO2 effluxes. Our study suggests that if estimates of CO2 uptake by vegetation from similar peatbog sites were included, the total net GHG emission of restored peatbog would still be higher than that of the peatbog with trees.

Effect of clinical use of nickel-titanium springs.

PubMed

Magno, Amanda Fahning; Monini, André da Costa; Capela, Marisa Veiga; Martins, Lídia Parsekian; Martins, Renato Parsekian

2015-07-01

Our objectives were to determine whether there are changes on the load deflection rate (L/DP) and the average force (FP) of the superelastic pseudoplateau, and whether permanent deformation is changed in nickel-titanium closed-coil springs (CCSs) after 6 months of clinical use. Twenty-two nickel-titanium CCSs (Sentalloy 100 g; Dentsply GAC, York, Pa) were subjected to tensile mechanical testing at 37°C on activations varying from 3.2 to 16.0 mm before and after 6 months of clinical use. A regression line was fitted over the most horizontal area of the unloading part of the stress-strain graph of every CCS, and its slope was used as L/DP. The FP was determined by the midpoint of the longest segment of the curve that could be fit within the regression line with a R(2) of at least 0.999, and permanent deformation was determined graphically by obtaining the strain value when the measured stress reached zero. The data were analyzed by 3 analyses of variance at 2 levels, with 5% of significance. Time and activation significantly influenced the variables tested (P < 0.001). Time increased the L/DP and permanent deformation but decreased the FP. Activation decreased L/DP, FP, and permanent deformation. Significant interactions between time and activation were detected for FP (P = 0.013) and deformation (P < 0.001). After 6 months of active clinical use, the analyzed springs had a significant but small increase in their L/DP; FP dropped up to 88%, and the CCSs deformed up to 1.26 mm. Copyright © 2015 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Phosphorus retention in a newly constructed wetland receiving agricultural tile drainage water.

PubMed

Kynkäänniemi, Pia; Ulén, Barbro; Torstensson, Gunnar; Tonderski, Karin S

2013-01-01

One measure used in Sweden to mitigate eutrophication of waters is the construction of small wetlands (free water surface wetland for phosphorus retention [P wetlands]) to trap particulate phosphorus (PP) transported in ditches and streams. This study evaluated P retention dynamics in a newly constructed P wetland serving a 26-ha agricultural catchment with clay soil. Flow-proportional composite water samples were collected at the wetland inlet and outlet over 2 yr (2010-2011) and analyzed for total P (TP), dissolved P (DP), particulate P (PP), and total suspended solids (TSS). Both winters had unusually long periods of snow accumulation, and additional time-proportional water samples were frequently collected during snowmelt. Inflow TP and DP concentrations varied greatly (0.02-1.09 mg L) during the sampling period. During snowmelt in 2010, there was a daily oscillation in P concentration and water flow in line with air temperature variations. Outflow P concentrations were generally lower than inflow concentrations, with net P losses observed only in August and December 2010. On an annual basis, the wetland acted as a net P sink, with mean specific retention of 69 kg TP, 17 kg DP, and 30 t TSS ha yr, corresponding to a reduction in losses of 0.22 kg TP ha yr from the agricultural catchment. Relative retention was high (36% TP, 9% DP, and 36% TSS), indicating that small constructed wetlands (0.3% of catchment area) can substantially reduce P loads from agricultural clay soils with moderately undulating topography. Copyright © by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Inc.

Cortico-Cortical, Cortico-Striatal, and Cortico-Thalamic White Matter Fiber Tracts Generated in the Macaque Brain via Dynamic Programming

PubMed Central

Lal, Rakesh M.; An, Michael; Poynton, Clare B.; Li, Muwei; Jiang, Hangyi; Oishi, Kenichi; Selemon, Lynn D.; Mori, Susumu; Miller, Michael I.

2013-01-01

Abstract Probabilistic methods have the potential to generate multiple and complex white matter fiber tracts in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Here, a method based on dynamic programming (DP) is introduced to reconstruct fibers pathways whose complex anatomical structures cannot be resolved beyond the resolution of standard DTI data. DP is based on optimizing a sequentially additive cost function derived from a Gaussian diffusion model whose covariance is defined by the diffusion tensor. DP is used to determine the optimal path between initial and terminal nodes by efficiently searching over all paths, connecting the nodes, and choosing the path in which the total probability is maximized. An ex vivo high-resolution scan of a macaque hemi-brain is used to demonstrate the advantages and limitations of DP. DP can generate fiber bundles between distant cortical areas (superior longitudinal fasciculi, arcuate fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, and fronto-occipital fasciculus), neighboring cortical areas (dorsal and ventral banks of the principal sulcus), as well as cortical projections to the hippocampal formation (cingulum bundle), neostriatum (motor cortical projections to the putamen), thalamus (subcortical bundle), and hippocampal formation projections to the mammillary bodies via the fornix. Validation is established either by comparison with in vivo intracellular transport of horseradish peroxidase in another macaque monkey or by comparison with atlases. DP is able to generate known pathways, including crossing and kissing tracts. Thus, DP has the potential to enhance neuroimaging studies of cortical connectivity. PMID:23879573

Gametocyte carriage in uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria following treatment with artemisinin combination therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data.

PubMed

2016-05-24

Gametocytes are responsible for transmission of malaria from human to mosquito. Artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) reduces post-treatment gametocyte carriage, dependent upon host, parasite and pharmacodynamic factors. The gametocytocidal properties of antimalarial drugs are important for malaria elimination efforts. An individual patient clinical data meta-analysis was undertaken to identify the determinants of gametocyte carriage and the comparative effects of four ACTs: artemether-lumefantrine (AL), artesunate/amodiaquine (AS-AQ), artesunate/mefloquine (AS-MQ), and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP). Factors associated with gametocytaemia prior to, and following, ACT treatment were identified in multivariable logistic or Cox regression analysis with random effects. All relevant studies were identified through a systematic review of PubMed. Risk of bias was evaluated based on study design, methodology, and missing data. The systematic review identified 169 published and 9 unpublished studies, 126 of which were shared with the WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN) and 121 trials including 48,840 patients were included in the analysis. Prevalence of gametocytaemia by microscopy at enrolment was 12.1 % (5887/48,589), and increased with decreasing age, decreasing asexual parasite density and decreasing haemoglobin concentration, and was higher in patients without fever at presentation. After ACT treatment, gametocytaemia appeared in 1.9 % (95 % CI, 1.7-2.1) of patients. The appearance of gametocytaemia was lowest after AS-MQ and AL and significantly higher after DP (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR), 2.03; 95 % CI, 1.24-3.12; P = 0.005 compared to AL) and AS-AQ fixed dose combination (FDC) (AHR, 4.01; 95 % CI, 2.40-6.72; P < 0.001 compared to AL). Among individuals who had gametocytaemia before treatment, gametocytaemia clearance was significantly faster with AS-MQ (AHR, 1.26; 95 % CI, 1.00-1.60; P = 0.054) and slower with DP (AHR, 0.74; 95 % CI, 0.63-0.88; P = 0.001) compared to AL. Both recrudescent (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 9.05; 95 % CI, 3.74-21.90; P < 0.001) and new (AOR, 3.03; 95 % CI, 1.66-5.54; P < 0.001) infections with asexual-stage parasites were strongly associated with development of gametocytaemia after day 7. AS-MQ and AL are more effective than DP and AS-AQ FDC in preventing gametocytaemia shortly after treatment, suggesting that the non-artemisinin partner drug or the timing of artemisinin dosing are important determinants of post-treatment gametocyte dynamics.

Traditional and novel halogenated flame retardants in urban ambient air: Gas-particle partitioning, size distribution and health implications.

PubMed

de la Torre, A; Barbas, B; Sanz, P; Navarro, I; Artíñano, B; Martínez, M A

2018-07-15

Urban ambient air samples, including gas-phase (PUF), total suspended particulates (TSP), PM 10 , PM 2.5 and PM 1 airborne particle fractions were collected to evaluate gas-particle partitioning and size particle distribution of traditional and novel halogenated flame retardants. Simultaneously, passive air samplers (PAS) were deployed in the same location. Analytes included 33 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE), 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl (BB-153), hexabromobenzene (HBB), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), dechloranes (Dec 602, 603, 604, 605 or Dechorane plus (DP)) and chlordane plus (CP). Clausius-Clapeyron equation, gas-particle partition coefficient (K p ), fraction partitioned onto particles (φ) and human respiratory risk assessment were used to evaluate local or long-distance transport sources, gas-particle partitioning sorption mechanisms, and implications for health, respectively. PBDEs were the FR with the highest levels (13.9pgm -3 , median TSP+PUF), followed by DP (1.56pgm -3 ), mirex (0.78pgm -3 ), PBEB (0.05pgm -3 ), and BB-153 (0.04pgm -3 ). PBDE congener pattern in particulate matter was dominated by BDE-209, while the contribution of more volatile congeners, BDE-28, -47, -99, and -100 was higher in gas-phase. Congener contribution increases with particle size and bromination degree, being BDE-47 mostly bounded to particles≤PM 1 , BDE-99 to > PM 1 and BDE-209 to > PM 2.5 . No significant differences were found for PBDE and DP concentrations obtained with passive and active samplers, demonstrating the ability of the formers to collect particulate material. Deposition efficiencies and fluxes on inhaled PBDEs and DP in human respiratory tract were calculated. Contribution in respiratory track was dominated by head airway (2.16 and 0.26pgh -1 , for PBDE and DP), followed by tracheobronchial (0.12 and 0.02pgh -1 ) and alveoli (0.01-0.002pgh -1 ) regions. Finally, hazard quotient values on inhalation were proposed (6.3×10 -7 and 1.1×10 -8 for PBDEs and DP), reflecting a low cancer risk through inhalation. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Distal Pancreatectomy With En Bloc Celiac Axis Resection for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer

PubMed Central

Gong, Haibing; Ma, Ruirui; Gong, Jian; Cai, Chengzong; Song, Zhenshun; Xu, Bin

2016-01-01

Abstract Although distal pancreatectomy with en bloc celiac resection (DP-CAR) is used to treat locally advanced pancreatic cancer, the advantages and disadvantages of this surgical procedure remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate its clinical safety and efficacy. Studies regarding DP-CAR were retrieved from the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Chinese electronic databases. Articles were selected according to predesigned inclusion criteria, and data were extracted according to predesigned sheets. Clinical, oncologic, and survival outcomes of DP-CAR were systematically reviewed by hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratio (OR) using fixed- or random-effects models. Eighteen studies were included. DP-CAR had a longer operating time and greater intraoperative blood loss compared to distal pancreatectomy (DP). A high incidence of vascular reconstruction occurred in DP-CAR: 11.53% (95%CI: 6.88–18.68%) for artery and 33.28% (95%CI: 20.45–49.19%) for vein. The pooled R0 resection rate of DP-CAR was 72.79% (95% CI, 46.19–89.29%). Higher mortality and morbidity rates were seen in DP-CAR, but no significant differences were detected compared to DP; the pooled OR was 1.798 for mortality (95% CI, 0.360–8.989) and 2.106 for morbidity (95% CI, 0.828–5.353). The pooled incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) was 31.31% (95%CI, 23.69–40.12%) in DP-CAR, similar to that of DP (OR = 1.07; 95%CI, 0.52–2.20). The pooled HR against DP-CAR was 5.67 (95%CI, 1.48–21.75) for delayed gastric emptying. The pooled rate of reoperation was 9.74% (95%CI, 4.56–19.59%) in DP-CAR. The combined 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates in DP-CAR were 65.22% (49.32–78.34%), 30.20% (21.50–40. 60%), and 18.70% (10.89–30.13%), respectively. The estimated means and medians for survival time in DP-CAR patients were 24.12 (95%CI, 18.26–29.98) months and 17.00 (95%CI, 13.52–20.48) months, respectively. There were no significant differences regarding postoperative 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates between DP-CAR and DP, whereas DP-CAR had a better 1-year survival rate compared to palliative treatments. The pooled HR for overall survival between DP-CAR and DP was 1.36 (95%CI: 0.997–1.850); the pooled HR favoring DP-CAR was 0.38 (95%CI: 0.25–0.58) for overall survival compared to palliative treatments. The rate of cancer-related pain relief from DP-CAR was 89.20% (95%CI, 77.85–95.10%). The pooled incidence of postoperative diarrhea was 37.10% (95%CI, 20.79–57.00%); however, most diarrhea was effectively controlled. DP-CAR is feasible and acceptable in terms of its survival benefits and improved quality of life. However, it should be performed with caution due to its high postoperative morbidity. PMID:26962836

Distal Pancreatectomy With En Bloc Celiac Axis Resection for Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

PubMed

Gong, Haibing; Ma, Ruirui; Gong, Jian; Cai, Chengzong; Song, Zhenshun; Xu, Bin

2016-03-01

Although distal pancreatectomy with en bloc celiac resection (DP-CAR) is used to treat locally advanced pancreatic cancer, the advantages and disadvantages of this surgical procedure remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate its clinical safety and efficacy.Studies regarding DP-CAR were retrieved from the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Chinese electronic databases. Articles were selected according to predesigned inclusion criteria, and data were extracted according to predesigned sheets. Clinical, oncologic, and survival outcomes of DP-CAR were systematically reviewed by hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratio (OR) using fixed- or random-effects models.Eighteen studies were included. DP-CAR had a longer operating time and greater intraoperative blood loss compared to distal pancreatectomy (DP). A high incidence of vascular reconstruction occurred in DP-CAR: 11.53% (95%CI: 6.88-18.68%) for artery and 33.28% (95%CI: 20.45-49.19%) for vein. The pooled R0 resection rate of DP-CAR was 72.79% (95% CI, 46.19-89.29%). Higher mortality and morbidity rates were seen in DP-CAR, but no significant differences were detected compared to DP; the pooled OR was 1.798 for mortality (95% CI, 0.360-8.989) and 2.106 for morbidity (95% CI, 0.828-5.353). The pooled incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) was 31.31% (95%CI, 23.69-40.12%) in DP-CAR, similar to that of DP (OR = 1.07; 95%CI, 0.52-2.20). The pooled HR against DP-CAR was 5.67 (95%CI, 1.48-21.75) for delayed gastric emptying. The pooled rate of reoperation was 9.74% (95%CI, 4.56-19.59%) in DP-CAR. The combined 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates in DP-CAR were 65.22% (49.32-78.34%), 30.20% (21.50-40. 60%), and 18.70% (10.89-30.13%), respectively. The estimated means and medians for survival time in DP-CAR patients were 24.12 (95%CI, 18.26-29.98) months and 17.00 (95%CI, 13.52-20.48) months, respectively. There were no significant differences regarding postoperative 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates between DP-CAR and DP, whereas DP-CAR had a better 1-year survival rate compared to palliative treatments. The pooled HR for overall survival between DP-CAR and DP was 1.36 (95%CI: 0.997-1.850); the pooled HR favoring DP-CAR was 0.38 (95%CI: 0.25-0.58) for overall survival compared to palliative treatments. The rate of cancer-related pain relief from DP-CAR was 89.20% (95%CI, 77.85-95.10%). The pooled incidence of postoperative diarrhea was 37.10% (95%CI, 20.79-57.00%); however, most diarrhea was effectively controlled.DP-CAR is feasible and acceptable in terms of its survival benefits and improved quality of life. However, it should be performed with caution due to its high postoperative morbidity.

Long-term efficacy and safety of biodegradable-polymer biolimus-eluting stents: main results of the Basel Stent Kosten-Effektivitäts Trial-PROspective Validation Examination II (BASKET-PROVE II), a randomized, controlled noninferiority 2-year outcome trial.

PubMed

Kaiser, Christoph; Galatius, Soeren; Jeger, Raban; Gilgen, Nicole; Skov Jensen, Jan; Naber, Christoph; Alber, Hannes; Wanitschek, Maria; Eberli, Franz; Kurz, David J; Pedrazzini, Giovanni; Moccetti, Tiziano; Rickli, Hans; Weilenmann, Daniel; Vuillomenet, André; Steiner, Martin; Von Felten, Stefanie; Vogt, Deborah R; Wadt Hansen, Kim; Rickenbacher, Peter; Conen, David; Müller, Christian; Buser, Peter; Hoffmann, Andreas; Pfisterer, Matthias

2015-01-06

Biodegradable-polymer drug-eluting stents (BP-DES) were developed to be as effective as second-generation durable-polymer drug-eluting stents (DP-DES) and as safe >1 year as bare-metal stents (BMS). Thus, very late stent thrombosis (VLST) attributable to durable polymers should no longer appear. To address these early and late aspects, 2291 patients presenting with acute or stable coronary disease needing stents ≥3.0 mm in diameter between April 2010 and May 2012 were randomly assigned to biolimus-A9-eluting BP-DES, second-generation everolimus-eluting DP-DES, or thin-strut silicon-carbide-coated BMS in 8 European centers. All patients were treated with aspirin and risk-adjusted doses of prasugrel. The primary end point was combined cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and clinically indicated target-vessel revascularization within 2 years. The combined secondary safety end point was a composite of VLST, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death. The cumulative incidence of the primary end point was 7.6% with BP-DES, 6.8% with DP-DES, and 12.7% with BMS. By intention-to-treat BP-DES were noninferior (predefined margin, 3.80%) compared with DP-DES (absolute risk difference, 0.78%; -1.93% to 3.50%; P for noninferiority 0.042; per protocol P=0.09) and superior to BMS (absolute risk difference, -5.16; -8.32 to -2.01; P=0.0011). The 3 stent groups did not differ in the combined safety end point, with no decrease in events >1 year, particularly VLST with BP-DES. In large vessel stenting, BP-DES appeared barely noninferior compared with DP-DES and more effective than thin-strut BMS, but without evidence for better safety nor lower VLST rates >1 year. Findings challenge the concept that durable polymers are key in VLST formation. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01166685. © 2014 American Heart Association, Inc.

Diastolic blood pressure-estimated left ventricular dp/dt.

PubMed

Yilmaz, Hüseyin; Minareci, Kenan; Kabukçu, Mehmet; Sancaktar, Oktay

2002-02-01

Peak dp/dt is one of the best isovolumic phase indexes of the myocardial contractile state requiring invasive procedures or presence of mitral regurgitation severe enough to measure in clinical practice by Doppler echocardiography. In this study, we sought the correlation between two noninvasive methods of measurements for left ventricular dp/dt-diastolic blood pressure- (DBP) estimated and continuous-wave Doppler-derived dp/dt-min electrocardiographic/echocardiographic study to emphasize the clinical feasibility of the DBP-estimated method. Thirty-six randomized patients (27 male, 9 female; 58 +/- 8 years) with mild mitral regurgitation were enrolled in this study. DBP-estimated dp/dt was calculated from DBP minus the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) over the isovolumetric contraction time (IVCT). LVEDP was assumed to be 10 mmHg for all patients. Doppler-determined left ventricular dp/dt was derived from the continuous-wave Doppler spectrum of mitral regurgitation jet by dividing the magnitude of the left ventricular atrial pressure gradient rise between 1 mm/sec-3 mm/sec of mitral regurgitant velocity signal by the time taken for this change. Left ventricular dp/dt by Doppler was 1122 +/- 303 mmHg/sec and blood pressure-estimated dp/dt was 1063 +/- 294 mmHg/sec. There was a high correlation (r = 0.97, P < 0.001) of dp/dt between the two techniques. DBP and IVCT can generate left ventricular dp/dt without invasive procedures, even in the absence of mitral regurgitation in clinical practice.

Hydrologic controls on the export dynamics of dissolved and particulate phosphorus in a lowland, headwater agricultural catchment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dupas, Rémi; Grimaldi, Catherine; Gruau, Gérard; Gascuel-Odoux, Chantal

2014-05-01

Phosphorus (P) availability controls eutrophication in freshwater ecosystems, since P is generally the limiting nutrient to algal development. The contribution of diffuse P emission to surface waters is significant in intensively livestock farmed catchments as a result of high application rates of P-rich animal waste and subsequent enrichment of soils. This study investigates the transport dynamics of particulate phosphorus (PP), suspended sediments (SS), and dissolved phosphorus (DP) with the aim of elucidating the relationship between PP and DP transport mechanisms and water dynamics in lowland, headwater catchments. The selected catchment (Kervidy-Naizin catchment, France) is particularly suitable for this purpose as it benefits of a 5 years, high-frequency monitoring of PP and DP concentrations at its outlet, including data recovered both during base flow and storm periods, with the monitoring of more than 50 storm flow events. The data analysis includes interpretation of concentration-discharge relationships at the annual time scale and on an event basis, seasonal analysis of flood characteristics and empirical modeling. Annual DP and PP concentration-discharge relationships of interflood samples display a hysteretic pattern, with higher concentrations during the autumn and spring periods, and progressive decrease during winter. No hysteretic pattern is visible for interflood SS concentration, which follows a classical C=a*Qb relationship. During floods, the dynamic of PP export is similar to that of SS during most of the events: the concentration peak occurs during the rising limb of the hydrogram (clockwise hysteresis), suggesting a source close to or within the stream. The amplitude and the hysteresis' loop size for SS and PP are a function of maximum discharge and rate of change in discharge. On the contrary, there is a strong decoupling between DP and SS (and thus PP) during most of the floods (no significant correlation), with DP concentration peaks occurring several hours after discharge (anticlockwise hysteresis). The dynamic of DP export appears in phase with the water table fluctuations measured at the bottom of the slope domains of the catchment. However, maximum DP concentrations during flood tend to be low during extended periods of soil water saturation, even though these periods corresponded to periods of high flow in the streams. These results show that the hydraulic energy of the stream controls SS and PP dynamics during floods, whilst DP dynamic is influenced by water table fluctuation. Empirical SS/PP/DP models were built considering these findings. Further investigation is currently being made to test how water table fluctuation and redox conditions could affect P availability in soils.

N-acetylaspartate, choline, myoinositol, glutamine and glutamate (glx) concentration changes in proton MR spectroscopy (1H MRS) in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

PubMed

Walecki, Jerzy; Barcikowska, Maria; Ćwikła, Jarosław B; Gabryelewicz, Tomasz

2011-12-01

Purpose of study was evaluation of regional metabolic disorders using 1H MRS in patients with MCI, as a predictor of clinical conversion to dementia based on clinical follow-up. The study group consisted of 31 subjects with diagnosis of MCI based on criteria the Mayo Clinic Group. ¹H MRS was performed with a single-voxel method using PRESS sequence. The volume of interest (VOI) was located in the hippocampal formation and posterior part of the cingulated gyrus. Patients had annual clinical control at least twice. At the beginning, 9 had amnestic MCI and the others had multidomain MCI. During follow-up (median 3 yrs) 8 subjects had stable disease (SD), 13 had disease progression (DP) and 10 develop Alzheimer disease (AD). Baseline metabolic ratios (1H MRS) between 3 groups indicated significant difference (P < 0.05) in left frontal lobe in mI/H20 ratio, between patients with SD (0.27) and DP. In comparing the groups with DP and AD, a significant difference in NAA/Cr (1.77 vs. 1.43) was found. A significant difference within left temporal external lobes was found between SD and DP in NAA/H2O ratio (0.55 vs. 0.51). An additional significant difference within medial temporal lobe was found between DP and AD in Glx/H2O ratio (0.44 vs. 0.34) on the right side. 1H MRS seems to be sensitive method allows prediction of which patients are liable to progress from MCI to AD. Combined with other biomarkers of disease staging, it is an important approach in the preclinical AD diagnosis, as well as the assessment of dementia progression.

Efficacy and tolerability of a topical gel containing 3% hydrogen peroxide, 1.5% salicylic acid and 4% D-panthenol in the treatment of mild-moderate acne.

PubMed

Fabbrocini, Gabriella; Panariello, Luigia

2016-06-01

The aim of this paper was to evaluate efficacy and tolerability of a topical gel (ACNAID TM gel medical device) containing 3% hydrogen peroxide (HPO), 1.5% salicylic acid (SA) and 4% D-panthenol (D-p) in the treatment of mild-moderate acne, comparing it with a previous formulation (ACNAID TM gel Cosmetic) containing 4% HPO, 0.5% SA, 4% D-p. Twenty patients of both sex with mild-moderate acne have been selected. The topical gel was applied twice a day for 60 days. Evaluations included: Global Acne Grading System (GAGS); lesions count; photographic assessment; a questionnaire to assess the tolerability. The results have been compared with those obtained in a previous study conducted with the formulation containing 4% HPO, 0.5% SA, 4% D-p. The GAGS score showed a reduction of 43% from T0 to T1 and of 61% from T0 to T2. Count of lesions: comedones reduction of 62% from T0 to T1 and of 95% from T0 to T2; papules reduction of 49% from T0 to T1 and of 68% from T0 to T2; pustules reduction of 75% from T0 to T1 and of 100% from T0 to T2. Digital images showed a significant reduction of acne lesions. At T2 the tolerability of the topical product was excellent according to 83% of patients and good according to 17% of patients. The topical gel has demonstrated to be effective and safe for treatment of mild to moderate acne. No patients reported side effects. These results are superior to those obtained in the previous study.

[The significance of directional preponderance in the evaluation of vestibular function in patients with vertigo].

PubMed

Wang, J; Zhou, Y J; Yu, J; Gu, J

2017-03-07

Objective: To analyze the relationship between directional preponderance (DP), spontaneous nystagmus(SN) and vestibular disorders, and to investigate the significance of DP in directing peripheral vestibular function in patients with vertigo. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 394 cases diagnosed with peripheral vestibular disease accompanied by vertigo from March 2012 to June 2014 in the Outpatient Department of the Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University. Results of static and dynamic posture equilibrium tests, SN, unilateral weakness(UW), and DP in videonystagmography(VNG) were analyzed and compared. Results: The mean interval time between the last vertigo attack and examination in patients with SN or DP in caloric test were 4.4 d and 7.3 d respectively, and those without SN or DP were 18.3 d and 17.5 d respectively. The patients were divided into two groups according to DP results of caloric test. DP-normal group had 203 cases and DP-abnormal group had 191 cases. Spontaneous nystagmus was presented in 44 cases in the DP-normal group (21.67%) and four in the DP-abnormal group (2.09%). A significant difference was found between the two groups (χ 2 =35.27, P =0.000). Deficiency of vestibular function was noted in 165 cases in the DP-normal group (81.28%) and 123 (64.40%) in the DP-abnormal group in static and dynamic posture equilibrium tests. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ 2 =14.26, P =0.000). Conclusion: Compared with DP-normal patients, DP-abnormal patients are more likely to have spontaneous nystagmus and balance disorders due to vestibular dysfunction.

Empirically-derived food patterns and the risk of total mortality and cardiovascular events in the PREDIMED study.

PubMed

Martínez-González, Miguel A; Zazpe, Itziar; Razquin, Cristina; Sánchez-Tainta, Ana; Corella, Dolores; Salas-Salvadó, Jordi; Toledo, Estefanía; Ros, Emilio; Muñoz, Miguel Ángel; Recondo, Javier; Gómez-Gracia, Enrique; Fiol, Miquel; Lapetra, José; Buil-Cosiales, Pilar; Serra-Majem, Lluis; Pinto, Xavier; Schröder, Helmut; Tur, Josep A; Sorli, José V; Lamuela-Raventós, Rosa M; Estruch, Ramón

2015-10-01

There is little evidence on post hoc-derived dietary patterns (DP) and all-cause mortality in Southern-European populations. Furthermore, the potential effect modification of a DP by a nutritional intervention has not been sufficiently assessed. We assessed the association between a posteriori defined baseline major DP and total mortality or cardiovascular events within each of the three arms of a large primary prevention trial (PREDIMED) where participants were randomized to two active interventions with Mediterranean-type diets or to a control group (allocated to a low-fat diet). We followed-up 7216 participants for a median of 4.3 years. A validated 137-item food-frequency questionnaire was administered. Baseline DP were ascertained through factor analysis based on 34 predefined groups. Cox regression models were used to estimate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) or mortality across quartiles of DP within each of the three arms of the trial. We identified two major baseline DP: the first DP was rich in red and processed meats, alcohol, refined grains and whole dairy products and was labeled Western dietary pattern (WDP). The second DP corresponded to a "Mediterranean-type" dietary pattern (MDP). During follow-up, 328 participants died. After controlling for potential confounders, higher baseline adherence to the MDP was associated with lower risk of CVD (adjusted HR for fourth vs. first quartile: 0.52; 95% CI (Confidence Interval): 0.36, 0.74; p-trend <0.001) and all-cause mortality (adjusted HR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.38, 0.75; p-trend <0.001), regardless of the allocated arm of the trial. An increasing mortality rate was found across increasing quartiles of the WDP in the control group (allocated to a low-fat diet), though the linear trend was not statistically significant (p = 0.098). Higher adherence to an empirically-derived MDP at baseline was associated with a reduced risk of CVD and mortality in the PREDIMED trial regardless of the allocated arm. The WDP was not associated with higher risk of mortality or cardiovascular events. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.

RMP-02/MTN-006: A Phase 1 Rectal Safety, Acceptability, Pharmacokinetic, and Pharmacodynamic Study of Tenofovir 1% Gel Compared with Oral Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate

PubMed Central

Cranston, Ross D.; Kashuba, Angela; Hendrix, Craig W.; Bumpus, Namandjé N.; Richardson-Harman, Nicola; Elliott, Julie; Janocko, Laura; Khanukhova, Elena; Dennis, Robert; Cumberland, William G.; Ju, Chuan; Carballo-Diéguez, Alex; Mauck, Christine; McGowan, Ian

2012-01-01

Abstract This study was designed to assess the safety, acceptability, pharmacokinetic (PK), and pharmacodynamic (PD) responses to rectal administration of tenofovir (TFV) 1% vaginally formulated gel and oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). This study was designed as a phase 1, randomized, two-site (United States), double-blind, placebo-controlled study of sexually abstinent men and women. Eighteen participants received a single 300-mg exposure of oral TDF and were then randomized 2:1 to receive a single and then seven daily exposures of rectal TFV or hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) placebo gel. Safety endpoints included clinical adverse events (AEs) and mucosal safety parameters. Blood and colonic biopsies were collected for PK analyses and ex vivo HIV-1 challenge. No serious AEs were reported. However, AEs were significantly increased with 7-day TFV gel use, most prominently with gastrointestinal AEs (p=0.002). Only 25% of participants liked the TFV gel. Likelihood of use “if somewhat protective” was ∼75% in both groups. Indices of mucosal damage showed minimal changes. Tissue TFV diphosphate (TFV-DP) Cmax 30 min after single rectal exposure was 6–10 times greater than single oral exposure; tissue TFV-DP was 5.7 times greater following 7-day versus single rectal exposure. In vivo exposure correlated with significant ex vivo tissue infectibility suppression [single-rectal: p=0.12, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) p=0.006; 7-day rectal: p=0.02, ANCOVA p=0.005]. Tissue PK–PD was significantly correlated (p=0.002). We conclude that rectal dosing with TFV 1% gel resulted in greater TFV-DP tissue detection than oral dosing with reduced ex vivo biopsy infectibility, enabling PK–PD correlations. On the basis of increased gastrointestinal AEs, rectally applied, vaginally formulated TFV was not entirely safe or acceptable, suggesting the need for alternative rectal-specific formulations. PMID:22943559

Gastric myoelectrical activity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

PubMed Central

Sharma, Purnima; Makharia, Govind; Yadav, Rajeev; Dwivedi, Sada Nand; Deepak, Kishore Kumar

2015-01-01

Aim: Inflammatory bowel disease is characterized by the presence of gastrointestinal motility disturbances; however alterations in the gastric myoelectrical activity have not been characterized. In this study we have recorded the gastric myoelectrical activity in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) during their clinical remission. Materials and Methods: Gastric activity was assessed using electrogastrography (EGG) in patients with UC (n = 60), CD (n = 40) and healthy controls (n = 40). In each case, their response to water load test, as well as the dominant frequency (DF), dominant power (DP) and the power ratio (PR) of the electrical activity were recorded. Results: In healthy controls, the resting DF was 2.57 ± 1.05 cycles per minute (cpm), which decreased after water ingestion (2.34 ± 0.99 cpm; P = 0.001). Compared to healthy controls, patients with UC had low resting DF (bradygastria) (2.57 ± 1.05 vs. 1.86 ± 1.28 cpm; P = 0.01). The change in DF after water ingestion was insignificant in patients with UC and CD. Post-water ingestion, healthy controls exhibited an increase in the DP as compared to the resting state, (7.1 [2.93, 102.56] vs. 15.94 [3.92, 133.41] µV2; P = 0.02). Patients with UC (1.26 [0.14, 9.83] vs. 3.27 [0.61, 42.12] µV2) and CD (2.54 [0.44, 47.06] vs. 15.8 [0.1, 126.68] µV2) also showed a significant increase in the DP post-water ingestion. Conclusions: Patients with ulcerative colitis have altered resting gastric myoelectrical activity during the remission phase of the disease. PMID:26447103

Do Three-dimensional Visualization and Three-dimensional Printing Improve Hepatic Segment Anatomy Teaching? A Randomized Controlled Study.

PubMed

Kong, Xiangxue; Nie, Lanying; Zhang, Huijian; Wang, Zhanglin; Ye, Qiang; Tang, Lei; Li, Jianyi; Huang, Wenhua

2016-01-01

Hepatic segment anatomy is difficult for medical students to learn. Three-dimensional visualization (3DV) is a useful tool in anatomy teaching, but current models do not capture haptic qualities. However, three-dimensional printing (3DP) can produce highly accurate complex physical models. Therefore, in this study we aimed to develop a novel 3DP hepatic segment model and compare the teaching effectiveness of a 3DV model, a 3DP model, and a traditional anatomical atlas. A healthy candidate (female, 50-years old) was recruited and scanned with computed tomography. After three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, the computed 3D images of the hepatic structures were obtained. The parenchyma model was divided into 8 hepatic segments to produce the 3DV hepatic segment model. The computed 3DP model was designed by removing the surrounding parenchyma and leaving the segmental partitions. Then, 6 experts evaluated the 3DV and 3DP models using a 5-point Likert scale. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the educational effectiveness of these models compared with that of the traditional anatomical atlas. The 3DP model successfully displayed the hepatic segment structures with partitions. All experts agreed or strongly agreed that the 3D models provided good realism for anatomical instruction, with no significant differences between the 3DV and 3DP models in each index (p > 0.05). Additionally, the teaching effects show that the 3DV and 3DP models were significantly better than traditional anatomical atlas in the first and second examinations (p < 0.05). Between the first and second examinations, only the traditional method group had significant declines (p < 0.05). A novel 3DP hepatic segment model was successfully developed. Both the 3DV and 3DP models could improve anatomy teaching significantly. Copyright © 2015 Association of Program Directors in Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Improving Shipboard Applications of Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-01

EVENTS_LIST (EventNum) .EVENTCODE) case 0 %Unclassifiable case 1 %VP On STATE.VP.ON = STATE.VP.ON + 1; STATE.VP.START = true; PICTURES.RUNNING.VP.SHOW...true; case 2 %VP Off STATE.VP.STOP = true; PICTURES. RUNNING.VP. SHOW false; case 3 %DP On 149 STATE.DP.ON = STATE.DP.ON + 1; STATE.DP.START = true...PICTURES.RUNNING.DP.SHOW true; case 4 %DP Off STATE.DP.STOP = true; PICTURES.RUNNING.DP.SHOW = false; case 5 %VP On (Clogged) STATE.VP.ON = STATE.VP.ON

Phosphorus losses from an irrigated watershed in the northwestern United States: case study of the upper snake rock watershed.

PubMed

Bjorneberg, David L; Leytem, April B; Ippolito, James A; Koehn, Anita C

2015-03-01

Watersheds using surface water for irrigation often return a portion of the water to a water body. This irrigation return flow often includes sediment and nutrients that reduce the quality of the receiving water body. Research in the 82,000-ha Upper Snake Rock (USR) watershed from 2005 to 2008 showed that, on average, water diverted from the Snake River annually supplied 547 kg ha of total suspended solids (TSS), 1.1 kg ha of total P (TP), and 0.50 kg ha of dissolved P (DP) to the irrigation tract. Irrigation return flow from the USR watershed contributed 414 kg ha of TSS, 0.71 kg ha of TP, and 0.32 kg ha of DP back to the Snake River. Significantly more TP flowed into the watershed than returned to the Snake River, whereas there was no significant difference between inflow and return flow loads for TSS and DP. Average TSS and TP concentrations in return flow were 71 and 0.12 mg L, respectively, which exceeded the TMDL limits of 52 mg L TSS and 0.075 mg L TP set for this section of the Snake River. Monitoring inflow and outflow for five water quality ponds constructed to reduce sediment and P losses from the watershed showed that TSS concentrations were reduced 36 to 75%, but DP concentrations were reduced only 7 to 16%. This research showed that continued implementation of conservation practices should result in irrigation return flow from the USR watershed meeting the total maximum daily load limits for the Snake River. Copyright © by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Inc.

Acute hemodynamic effects of right and left ventricular lead positions during the implantation of cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators.

PubMed

Stockinger, Jochem; Staier, Klaus; Schiebeling-Römer, Jochen; Keyl, Cornelius

2011-11-01

To evaluate the acute hemodynamic effects of different right (RV) and left ventricular (LV) pacing sites in patients undergoing the implantation of a cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT-D). Stroke volume index (SVI), assessed via pulse contour analysis, and dp/dt max, obtained in the abdominal aorta, were analyzed in 21 patients with New York Heart Association class III heart failure and left bundle branch block (mean ejection fraction of 24 ± 6%), scheduled for CRT-D implantation under general anesthesia. We compared the hemodynamic effects of RV apical (A), RV septal (B), and biventricular pacing using the worst (lowest SVI; C) and best (highest SVI; D) coronary sinus lead positions. Mean arterial pressure, SVI, and dp/dt max did not differ significantly between RV apical and septal pacing. Dp/dt max and SVI increased significantly during biventricular pacing (dp/dt max: B, 588 ± 160 mmHg/s; C, 651 ± 218 mmHg/s, P = 0.03 vs B; D, 690 ± 220 mmHg/s, P = 0.02 vs C; SVI: B, 33.6 ± 5.5 mL/m², C, 34.8 ± 6.1 mL/m², P = 0.08 vs B, D 36.0 ± 6.0 mL/m², P < 0.001 vs C). The best hemodynamic response was associated with lateral or inferior lead positions in 15 patients. Other LV lead positions were most effective in six patients. The optimal LV lead position varies significantly among patients and should be individually determined during CRT-D implantation. The impact of the RV stimulation site in patients with intraventricular conduction delay, undergoing CRT-D implantation, has to be investigated in further studies.

Validation of Single-Item Screening Measures for Provider Burnout in a Rural Health Care Network.

PubMed

Waddimba, Anthony C; Scribani, Melissa; Nieves, Melinda A; Krupa, Nicole; May, John J; Jenkins, Paul

2016-06-01

We validated three single-item measures for emotional exhaustion (EE) and depersonalization (DP) among rural physician/nonphysician practitioners. We linked cross-sectional survey data (on provider demographics, satisfaction, resilience, and burnout) with administrative information from an integrated health care network (1 academic medical center, 6 community hospitals, 31 clinics, and 19 school-based health centers) in an eight-county underserved area of upstate New York. In total, 308 physicians and advanced-practice clinicians completed a self-administered, multi-instrument questionnaire (65.1% response rate). Significant proportions of respondents reported high EE (36.1%) and DP (9.9%). In multivariable linear mixed models, scores on EE/DP subscales of the Maslach Burnout Inventory were regressed on each single-item measure. The Physician Work-Life Study's single-item measure (classifying 32.8% of respondents as burning out/completely burned out) was correlated with EE and DP (Spearman's ρ = .72 and .41, p < .0001; Kruskal-Wallis χ(2) = 149.9 and 56.5, p < .0001, respectively). In multivariable models, it predicted high EE (but neither low EE nor low/high DP). EE/DP single items were correlated with parent subscales (Spearman's ρ = .89 and .81, p < .0001; Kruskal-Wallis χ(2) = 230.98 and 197.84, p < .0001, respectively). In multivariable models, the EE item predicted high/low EE, whereas the DP item predicted only low DP. Therefore, the three single-item measures tested varied in effectiveness as screeners for EE/DP dimensions of burnout. © The Author(s) 2015.

Effect of vitamin K2 on progression of atherosclerosis and vascular calcification in nondialyzed patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3-5.

PubMed

Kurnatowska, Ilona; Grzelak, Piotr; Masajtis-Zagajewska, Anna; Kaczmarska, Magdalena; Stefańczyk, Ludomir; Vermeer, Cees; Maresz, Katarzyna; Nowicki, Michał

2015-01-01

Observational studies have shown that high dietary intake of vitamin K2 is associated with reduced risk of coronary vascular disease and vascular calcification. We assessed the effect of vitamin K2 substitution on the progression of atherosclerosis and calcification in nondialyzed patients with CKD stages 3-5. The study included 42 nondialyzed patients with CKD. The following measurements were taken at baseline and after 270 ±12 days of supplementation with vitamin K2 at a dose of 90 μg (menaquinone, MK-7) together with 10 μg of cholecalciferol (K+D group) or 10 μg of cholecalciferol (group D): common carotid intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT), coronary artery calcification score (CACS), basic biochemical parameters, lipids, and calcification modulators: matrix Gla protein (MGP), desphosphorylated-uncarboxylated MGP (dp-ucMGP), osteoprotegerin (OPG), fetuin A, osteocalcin (OC), and fibroblast growth factor 23. The increase of CCA-IMT was significantly lower in the K+D group compared with the D group: from 0.95 ±0.2 mm to 1.01 ±0.3, P = 0.003 vs from 1.02 ±0.2 mm to 1.16 ±0.3, P = 0.003 (ΔCCA-IMT, 0.06 ±0.08 vs 0.136 ±0.05 mm, P = 0.005, respectively). The increase in CACS was slightly lower in the K+D group than in the D group (ΔCACS, 58.1 ±106.5 AU vs 74.4 ±127.1 AU, P = 0.7). In the K+D group, a significant decrease in the level of dp-ucMGP and total OC was observed. A 270-day course of vitamin K2 administration in patients with CKD stages 3-5 may reduce the progression of atherosclerosis, but does not significantly affect the progression of calcification. Vitamin K2 significantly changes the levels of calcification promoters and inhibitors: dp-ucMGP, OC, and OPG.

Deliberate Practice Enhances Quality of Laparoscopic Surgical Performance in a Randomized Controlled Trial: from Arrested Development to Expert Performance

PubMed Central

Hashimoto, Daniel A.; Sirimanna, Pramudith; Gomez, Ernest D.; Beyer-Berjot, Laura; Ericsson, K. Anders; Williams, Noel N.; Darzi, Ara; Aggarwal, Rajesh

2014-01-01

Background This study investigated whether deliberate practice leads to an increase in surgical quality in virtual reality (VR) laparoscopic cholecystectomies (LC). Previous research has suggested that sustained DP is effective in surgical training. Methods Fourteen residents were randomized into deliberate practice (n=7) or control training (n=7). Both groups performed 10 sessions of two VR LCs. Each session, the DP group was assigned 30 minutes of DP activities in between LCs while the control group viewed educational videos or read journal articles. Performance was assessed on speed and dexterity; quality was rated with global (GRS) and procedure-specific (PSRS) rating scales. All participants then performed five porcine LCs. Results Both groups improved over 20 VR LCs in time, dexterity, and global rating scales (all p<0.05). After 20 LCs, there were no differences in speed or dexterity between groups. The DP group achieved higher quality of VR surgical performance than control for GRS (26 vs. 20, p=0.001) and PSRS (18 vs. 15, p=0.001). For VR cases, DP subjects plateaued at GRS=25 after 10 cases and control group at GRS=20 after five cases. At completion of VR training, 100% of the DP group reached target quality of performance (GRS≥21) compared to 30% in the control group. There were no significant differences for improvements in time or dexterity over five porcine LCs. Conclusion This study suggests that DP leads to higher quality performance in VR LC than standard training alone. Standard training may leave individuals in a state of “arrested development” compared to DP. PMID:25539697

Novel Longitudinal and Propensity Score Matched Analysis of Hands-On Cooking and Nutrition Education versus Traditional Clinical Education among 627 Medical Students

PubMed Central

Monlezun, Dominique J.; Leong, Benjamin; Joo, Esther; Birkhead, Andrew G.; Sarris, Leah; Harlan, Timothy S.

2015-01-01

Background. Physicians are inadequately equipped to respond to the global obesity and nutrition-associated chronic disease epidemics. We investigated superiority of simulation-based medical education with deliberate practice (SBME-DP) hands-on cooking and nutrition elective in a medical school-based teaching kitchen versus traditional clinical education for medical students. Materials and Methods. A 59-question panel survey was distributed to an entire medical school twice annually from September 2012 to May 2014. Student diet and attitudes and competencies (DACs) counseling patients on nutrition were compared using conditional multivariate logistic regression, propensity score-weighted, and longitudinal panel analyses. Inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis (IVWM) was used for planned subgroup analysis by year and treatment estimates across the three methods. Results. Of the available 954 students, 65.72% (n = 627) unique students were followed to produce 963 responses. 11.32% (n = 109) of responses were from 84 subjects who participated in the elective. SBME-DP versus traditional education significantly improved fruit and vegetable diet (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.07–1.79, p = 0.013) and attitudes (OR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.40–2.35, p < 0.001) and competencies (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.54–1.92, p < 0.001). Conclusions. This study reports for the first time superiority longitudinally for SBME-DP style nutrition education for medical students which has since expanded to 13 schools. PMID:26435851

Dechlorane Plus flame retardant in kingfishers (Alcedo atthis) from an electronic waste recycling site and a reference site, South China: influence of residue levels on the isomeric composition.

PubMed

Mo, Ling; Wu, Jiang-Ping; Luo, Xiao-Jun; Sun, Yu-Xin; Zheng, Xiao-Bo; Zhang, Qiang; Zou, Fa-Shen; Mai, Bi-Xian

2013-03-01

Dechlorane Plus (DP) isomers were examined in common kingfishers (Alcedo atthis) and their prey fishes collected from an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling site and a reference site in South China, to investigate the possible influence of DP residue levels on the isomeric compositions. ∑DP (sum of syn-DP and anti-DP) concentrations in kingfishers from the e-waste recycling site ranged from 29 to 150 (median of 58) ng/g lipid weight (lw), which were one order of magnitude greater than those from the reference site (median = 3.9 ng/g lw). The isomer fractions of anti-DP (f(anti)) in kingfishers from the e-waste recycling site (mean of 0.65) were significantly smaller than those from the reference site (0.76). Additionally, the f(anti) values were negatively correlated to logarithm of ∑DP concentrations in the kingfishers (r(2) = 0.41, p < 0.0001). These results suggested that DP residue levels could influence its isomeric composition in the piscivorous bird. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

[An analysis of skin prick test reactivity to dust mite in overweight and normal weight children with allergic asthma before and after specific immunotherapy].

PubMed

Wang, Jian; Huang, Ying; Zhang, Xue-Li; Huang, Xia; Xu, Xiao-Wen; Liang, Fan-Mei

2016-04-01

To study the skin prick test (SPT) reactivity to house dust mite allergens in overweight and normal weight children with allergic asthma before and after standard subcutaneous specific immunotherapy. Two hundred and fifteen children with allergic asthma who had positive SPT responses to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP) and Dermatophagoides farinae (DF) were enrolled. According to the weight index, they were classified into overweight (n=63) and normal weight groups (n=152). Skin indices (SI) to DP and DF were compared between the two groups at 6 months and 1 year after standard subcutaneous specific immunotherapy. The overweight group had a significantly larger histamine wheal diameter than the normal weight group after controlling the variation in testing time (P<0.05). After controlling the variation in weights, there were significant differences in the SIs to DP and DF before specific immunotherapy and at 6 months and 1 year after specific immunotherapy. At 6 months and 1 year after specific immunotherapy, the SIs to DP and DF were significantly reduced in both groups (P<0.05), and the overweight group had greater decreases in the SIs to DP and DF than the normal weight group. The overweight children with allergic asthma have stronger responses to histamine than the normal weight patients. Specific immunotherapy can reduce the reactivity to dust mite allergens in children with allergic asthma. Within one year after specific immunotherapy, the overweight children with allergic asthma have a significantly greater decrease in the reactivity to dust mite allergens than the normal weight patients.

Simultaneous determination of diclofenac potassium and methocarbamol in ternary mixture with guaifenesin by reversed phase liquid chromatography.

PubMed

Elkady, Ehab F

2010-09-15

New, simple, rapid and precise reversed phase liquid chromatographic (RP-LC) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of diclofenac potassium (DP) and methocarbamol (MT) in ternary mixture with guaifenesin (GF), degradation product of methocarbamol. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Symmetry Waters C18 column (150 mm x 4. 6mm, 5 microm). Gradient elution based on phosphate buffer pH (8)-acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1 mL min(-1) was applied. The UV detector was operated at 282 nm for DP and 274 nm for MT and GF. Linearity, accuracy and precision were found to be acceptable over the concentration ranges of 0.05-16, 0.5-160 and 0.5-160 microg mL(-1) for DP, MT and GF, respectively. The optimized method proved to be specific, robust and accurate for the quality control of the cited drugs in pharmaceutical preparation. Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Biomechanical Changes in Disc Pressure and Facet Strain after Lumbar Spinal Arthroplasty with CharitéTM in the Human Cadaveric Spine under Physiologic Compressive Follower Preload.

PubMed

Choi, Jong-Il; Kim, Se-Hoon; Lim, Dong-Jun; Ha, Sung-Kon; Kim, Sang-Dae

2017-01-01

Arthroplasty maintains the biomechanical features of a healthy disc, decreases the adjacent segment disease rate, and decreases the accelerated degeneration rate of the neighboring discs in traditional fusion procedures. However, there are only a few reports on adjacent disc pressure (DP) and facet strain (FS) after lumbar arthroplasty under a physiologic compressive preload. Baseline DP and FS measurements were obtained from five intact cadaveric human lumbosacral spines for different modes of motion. DP was measured by inserting pressure transducer needle tips into the L3-L4 and L5-S1 discs. FS gauges were fixed on both sides of the laminae near the L3-L4, L4-L5, and L5-S1 facet joints. After SB Charité < sup > TM < /sup > III implantation at the L4-L5 level, the measurements were repeated at preload and compared with those of the intact spine. Under the preload condition, the central DP of the upper disc was decreased during extension and bending, and it significantly increased during rotation (p < 0.05). In the lower disc, the central DP insignificantly decreased during bending and increased during extension and flexion. A statistically significant increase in FS was observed during rotation at the operative facet (p < 0.05). Compared to the intact spine, all FS values were insignificantly decreased during lateral bending but increased during axial rotation. In an ex-vivo physiologic preload setting, the SB Charité < sup > TM < /sup > III provided relatively inconsistent and sometimes increased DP or FS at the operative and adjacent levels after arthroplasty.

Differences in predictors of permanent work disability between immigrants and natives: a cohort study of adults with sick leave due to common mental disorders.

PubMed

Werlen, Laura; Helgesson, Magnus; Mittendorfer-Rutz, Ellenor

2017-03-17

Immigrants with common mental disorders (CMDs) are reported to have a higher risk of disability pension (DP) compared with native residents; however, the reasons for this are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate (1) differences in morbidity (3 measures) and socioeconomic status in native Swedes, 'Western' and 'non-Western' immigrants with CMDs and (2) interactions between morbidity and socioeconomic status and immigrant status regarding subsequent DP. The study was a prospective population-based cohort study using national register data. Crude and multivariate HRs with 95% CIs were calculated using the Cox regression (2007-2010). All individuals aged 18-59 with an incident sick-leave spell due to CMDs during 2006 were included in the study (N=66 097). The study population was divided into 3 groups based on country of birth: (1) Sweden, (2) immigrants from 'Western' countries (EU25, Norway, Iceland, North America and Oceania) and (3) immigrants from 'non-Western' countries (east Europe, Africa, Asia and South America). Particularly, immigrants born in non-Western countries had higher levels of morbidity and lower socioeconomic status than natives (p>0.001). No significant differences in the associations between specialised psychiatric and somatic care with regard to subsequent DP were found between immigrants and native Swedes. Being prescribed more than 1 type of psychiatric medication was associated with higher HRs for DP in immigrants from Western (HR 3.34; CI 2.3 to 4.9) and non-Western countries (3.6; 1.9 to 6.4) than in native Swedes (2.55; 2.3 to 2.8) (p interaction =0.003). Low education was a marginally stronger predictor for DP in non-Western immigrants than in native Swedes and Western immigrants (p interaction =0.03). Morbidity measured by medication, but not by specialised healthcare, was a stronger predictor for DP in immigrants than in native Swedes, warranting scrutiny of differences in care and treatment in immigrants and native Swedes with CMDs. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

Ballistocardiogram as Proximal Timing Reference for Pulse Transit Time Measurement: Potential for Cuffless Blood Pressure Monitoring

PubMed Central

Kim, Chang-Sei; Carek, Andrew M.; Mukkamala, Ramakrishna; Inan, Omer T.; Hahn, Jin-Oh

2015-01-01

Goal We tested the hypothesis that the ballistocardiogram (BCG) waveform could yield a viable proximal timing reference for measuring pulse transit time (PTT). Methods From fifteen healthy volunteers, we measured PTT as the time interval between BCG and a non-invasively measured finger blood pressure (BP) waveform. To evaluate the efficacy of the BCG-based PTT in estimating BP, we likewise measured pulse arrival time (PAT) using the electrocardiogram (ECG) as proximal timing reference and compared their correlations to BP. Results BCG-based PTT was correlated with BP reasonably well: the mean correlation coefficient (r) was 0.62 for diastolic (DP), 0.65 for mean (MP) and 0.66 for systolic (SP) pressures when the intersecting tangent method was used as distal timing reference. Comparing four distal timing references (intersecting tangent, maximum second derivative, diastolic minimum and systolic maximum), PTT exhibited the best correlation with BP when the systolic maximum method was used (mean r value was 0.66 for DP, 0.67 for MP and 0.70 for SP). PTT was more strongly correlated with DP than PAT regardless of the distal timing reference: mean r value was 0.62 versus 0.51 (p=0.07) for intersecting tangent, 0.54 versus 0.49 (p=0.17) for maximum second derivative, 0.58 versus 0.52 (p=0.37) for diastolic minimum, and 0.66 versus 0.60 (p=0.10) for systolic maximum methods. The difference between PTT and PAT in estimating DP was significant (p=0.01) when the r values associated with all the distal timing references were compared altogether. However, PAT appeared to outperform PTT in estimating SP (p=0.31 when the r values associated with all the distal timing references were compared altogether). Conclusion We conclude that BCG is an adequate proximal timing reference in deriving PTT, and that BCG-based PTT may be superior to ECG-based PAT in estimating DP. Significance PTT with BCG as proximal timing reference has potential to enable convenient and ubiquitous cuffless BP monitoring. PMID:26054058

Assessment of tumor response to oxygen challenge using quantitative diffusion MRI in an animal model.

PubMed

Zhang, Zhongwei; Yuan, Qing; Zhou, Heling; Zhao, Dawen; Li, Li; Gerberich, Jenifer L; Mason, Ralph P

2015-11-01

To assess tumor response to oxygen challenge using quantitative diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A well-characterized Dunning R3327-AT1 rat prostate cancer line was implanted subcutaneously in the right thigh of male Copenhagen rats (n = 8). Diffusion-weighted images (DWI) with multiple b values (0, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 500, 1000, 1500 s/mm(2) ) in three orthogonal directions were obtained using a multishot FSE-based Stejskal-Tanner DWI sequence (FSE-DWI) at 4.7T, while rats breathed medical air (21% oxygen) and with 100% oxygen challenge. Stretched-exponential and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) models were used to calculate and compare quantitative diffusion parameters: diffusion heterogeneity index (α), intravoxel distribution of diffusion coefficients (DDC), tissue diffusivity (Dt), pseudo-diffusivity (Dp), and perfusion fraction (f) on a voxel-by-voxel basis. A significant increase of α (73.9 ± 4.7% in air vs. 78.1 ± 4.5% in oxygen, P = 0.0198) and a significant decrease of f (13.4 ± 3.7% in air vs. 10.4 ± 2.7% in oxygen, P = 0.0201) were observed to accompany oxygen challenge. Correlations between f and α during both air and oxygen breathing were found; the correlation coefficients (r) were -0.90 and -0.96, respectively. Positive correlations between Dt and DDC with oxygen breathing (r = 0.95, P = 0.0003), f and DDC with air breathing were also observed (r = 0.95, P = 0.0004). Quantitative diffusion MRI demonstrated changes in tumor perfusion in response to oxygen challenge. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Human platelet lysate versus minoxidil stimulates hair growth by activating anagen promoting signaling pathways.

PubMed

Dastan, Maryam; Najafzadeh, Nowruz; Abedelahi, Ali; Sarvi, Mohammadreza; Niapour, Ali

2016-12-01

Minoxidil and human platelet lysate (HPL) are commonly used to treat patients with hair loss. However, the roles of HPL versus minoxidil in hair follicle biology largely remain unknown. Here, we hypothesized that bulge and dermal papilla (DP) cells may express specific genes, including Kras, Erk, Akt, Shh and β-catenin after exposure to minoxidil or HPL. The mouse hair follicles were isolated on day 10 after depilation and bulge or DP regions were dissected. The bulge and DP cells were cultured for 14days in DMEM/F12 medium. Then, the cells were treated with 100μM minoxidil and 10% HPL for 10 days. Nuclear morphology was identified using DAPi staining. Reverse transcriptase and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis were also performed to examine the expression of Kras, Erk, Akt, Shh and β-catenin mRNA levels in the treated bulge and DP regions after organ culture. Here, we found that minoxidil influences bulge and DP cell survival (P<0.05). Apoptosis in DP cells was also meaningfully decreased by HPL treatment (P=0.014). In addition, Kras, Akt, Erk, Shh and β-catenin mRNA levels were changed in response to minoxidil treatment in both bulge and DP cells. HPL mediated Erk upregulation in both bulge and DP cells (P<0.05), but Kras and Akt mRNA levels were not considerably different in the HPL-treated cells. β-catenin mRNA level was also significantly increased in the bulge region by HPL. We also found that Shh mRNA level was considerably higher in HPL-treated bulge cells than in minoxidil-treated bulge cells. In contrast, the expression of β-cateinin and Shh in the DP cells was not meaningfully increased after treatment with HPL. Our results suggest that minoxidil and HPL can promote hair growth by activating the main anagen inducing signaling pathways. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Dietary patterns by reduced rank regression are associated with obesity and hypertension in Australian adults.

PubMed

Livingstone, Katherine M; McNaughton, Sarah A

2017-01-01

Evidence linking dietary patterns (DP) and obesity and hypertension prevalence is inconsistent. We aimed to identify DP derived from energy density, fibre and sugar intakes, as well as Na, K, fibre, SFA and PUFA, and investigate associations with obesity and hypertension. Adults (n 4908) were included from the cross-sectional Australian Health Survey 2011-2013. Two 24-h dietary recalls estimated food and nutrient intakes. Reduced rank regression derived DP with dietary energy density (DED), fibre density and total sugar intake as response variables for obesity and Na:K, SFA:PUFA and fibre density as variables for hypertension. Poisson regression investigated relationships between DP and prevalence ratios (PR) of overweight/obesity (BMI≥25 kg/m2) and hypertension (blood pressure≥140/90 mmHg). Obesity-DP1 was positively correlated with fibre density and sugars and inversely with DED. Obesity-DP2 was positively correlated with sugars and inversely with fibre density. Individuals in the highest tertile of Obesity-DP1 and Obesity-DP2, compared with the lowest, had lower (PR 0·88; 95 % CI 0·81, 0·95) and higher (PR 1·09; 95 % CI 1·01, 1·18) prevalence of obesity, respectively. Na:K and SFA:PUFA were positively correlated with Hypertension-DP1 and inversely correlated with Hypertension-DP2, respectively. There was a trend towards higher hypertension prevalence in the highest tertile of Hypertension-DP1 compared with the lowest (PR 1·18; 95 % CI 0·99, 1·41). Hypertension-DP2 was not associated with hypertension. Obesity prevalence was inversely associated with low-DED, high-fibre and high-sugar (natural sugars) diets and positively associated with low-fibre and high-sugar (added sugars) diets. Hypertension prevalence was higher on low-fibre and high-Na and SFA diets.

An Asia-specific source of dechlorane plus: concentration, isomer profiles, and other related compounds.

PubMed

Wang, De-Gao; Yang, Meng; Qi, Hong; Sverko, Ed; Ma, Wan-Li; Li, Yi-Fan; Alaee, Mehran; Reiner, Eric J; Shen, Li

2010-09-01

The distribution of dechloranes, a group of chlorinated flame retardants, were investigated in air, soil, and sediment around a newly discovered Dechlorane Plus (DP) production facility in China (Anpon). To date, the only known DP manufacturing plant is located in Niagara Falls, NY (OxyChem). Dechloranes including DP, Dechlorane (Mirex), and the recently discovered Dechlorane 602 (Dec 602) were detected in air, soil, and sediment, while Dechlorane 603 and Dechlorane 604 were below detection limit in all matrices. DP air concentrations near the facility ranged from 7737 to 26 734 pg m(-3), the greatest reported thus far. Soil concentrations in the same area for DP, Dechlorane, and Dec 602 were 1490+/-3580 ng g(-1), 81.6+/-96.5 ng g(-1), and 7.24+/-13.2 ng g(-1) dry weight, respectively. Interestingly, lower concentrations of DP (4.93+/-4.34 ng g(-1)), Dechlorane (30.2+/-19.9 ng g(-1)), and Dec 602 (2.14+/-2.23 ng g(-1)) were found in sediment from a nearby canal. Spatial trends of Dechlorane and Dec 602 in soil were similar to DP, implying that the DP manufacturing plant may also be a source of these other flame retardants. DP soil concentrations surrounding the facility decreased by an order of magnitude within 7.5 km. The syn-DP fractional abundance (fsyn) value (0.40) for the commercial DP product manufactured at Anpon was slightly higher than that (0.20-0.36) produced by OxyChem. The fsyn value in most air samples was largely similar to the Chinese commercial DP mixture, while most soil and sediment abundances were lower, suggesting a stereoselective depletion of syn-DP.

On Fibonacci Numbers Which Are Elliptic Carmichael

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-27

d|p) = −1, where (a|p) denotes the Legendre symbol of a with respect to p. Then ap = 0, so, in particular, #E(Fp) = p + 1. Furthermore, if there...sequence, polynomials and the Euler function”, Indag. Math. (N.S.) 17 (2006), 611–625. [10] F. Luca and I. E. Shparlinski, “On the counting function of

Impact of Incline, Sex and Level of Performance on Kinematics During a Distance Race in Classical Cross-Country Skiing

PubMed Central

Stöggl, Thomas; Welde, Boye; Supej, Matej; Zoppirolli, Chiara; Rolland, Carsten G.; Holmberg, Hans-Christer; Pellegrini, Barbara

2018-01-01

Here, female and male elite cross-country (XC) skiers were compared on varying terrain during an official 10-km (women) and 15-km (men) Norwegian championship race. On the basis of race performance, 82 skiers were classified as fast (FS) (20 women, 20 men) or slower (SS) (21, 21) skiers. All were video recorded on flat (0°), intermediate (3.5°), uphill (7.1°) and steep uphill (11°) terrain during the race at a distance of 0.8, 1.2, 2.1 and 7.1 km from the start, respectively. All skiers employed exclusively double-poling (DP) on the flat section and, except for the male winner, exclusively diagonal stride (DIA) on the uphill sections. On the intermediate section, more men than women utilized DP and fewer DIA (p = 0.001), with no difference in kick double-poling (DPK). More FS than SS utilized DPK and fewer DIA (p = 0.001), with similar usage of DP. Males skied with faster and longer cycles but lower cycle rate compared with females (p < 0.001), with largest absolute sex differences on flat terrain (p < 0.001) and largest relative differences for cycle velocity and length on intermediate and uphill terrain. External power output rose with increasing incline, being higher for men and FS (p < 0.001). Cycle velocity on flat terrain was the best predictor of mean race velocity for the men, while cycle velocity on steep uphill was the best predictor for the women (both p < 0.001). In conclusion, incline, sex and level of performance influenced cycle characteristics and power output. Greatest absolute sex gap was on flat terrain, whereas the relative difference was greatest on intermediate and steep uphill terrain. We recommend usage of more DP and/or DPK, and less DIA and fewer transitions between techniques on intermediate terrain. Predictors of race performance are sex specific with greatest potential for enhancing performance on flat terrain for men and on steep uphill terrain for women. Key points There was a main effect of sex and level of performance, with longer and more rapid cycles by male than female skiers and by faster than slower skiers. The largest absolute sex differences in cycle velocity and length were observed on flat terrain, with these differences narrowing as the incline rose. However, the greatest relative sex differences were in cycle velocity on the intermediate terrain (23.3%) and for cycle length on steep uphill terrain (27.0%). The men employed DP and DPK to a greater extent and with fewer transitions on intermediate terrain than the women. Faster skiers (especially women) employed DPK to a greater and DIA to a lesser extent than the slower skiers, with approximately equal usage of DP. Cycle velocity on flat terrain was the best predictor of mean race velocity for the men, while cycle velocity on steep uphill terrain was the best predictor in the case of the women. As the incline increased, cycle velocity, cycle length and pole swing time were reduced, while poling time and external power output rose. A J-shaped pattern with respect to cycle rate was observed, with the lowest values on intermediate and highest on steep uphill terrain. PMID:29535586

Predictors of baseline peritoneal transport status in Australian and New Zealand peritoneal dialysis patients.

PubMed

Rumpsfeld, Markus; McDonald, Stephen P; Purdie, David M; Collins, John; Johnson, David W

2004-03-01

Factors that predict peritoneal transport status in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are poorly understood. The aim of the present study is to determine these factors in Australian and New Zealand incident PD patients. The study included all patients on the Australian and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry who started PD therapy between April 1, 1991, and March 31, 2002, and underwent a peritoneal equilibration test (PET) within the first 6 months. Predictors of peritoneal transport category and dialysate-plasma creatinine ratio at 4 hours (D-P Cr 4h) were assessed by multivariate ordinal logistic regression and multiple linear regression, respectively. A total of 3,188 patients were studied. Mean D-P Cr 4h was 0.69 +/- 0.13. High transport status was associated with older age (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.08 for each 10 years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 1.13), Maori and Pacific Islander racial origin (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.94), and normal body mass index (BMI; < 18.5 kg/m2: OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.65 to 1.24; BMI of 18.5 to 25 kg/m2: OR, 1 [reference]; BMI of 25 to 30 kg/m2: OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.95; BMI > 30 kg/m2: OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.58 to 0.86), but was not independently predicted by sex, diabetes, other comorbid diseases, smoking, previous hemodialysis therapy or transplantation, or residual renal function. Similar results were found when peritoneal permeability was modeled as a continuous variable (D-P Cr 4h). In Australian and New Zealand PD patients, higher peritoneal transport status is independently associated with racial origin, older age, and lower BMI. The diversity of peritoneal transport characteristics in different ethnic populations suggests that additional validation of PET measurements in various racial groups and study of their relationship to patient outcomes are warranted.

Correlation between increased urinary sodium excretion and decreased left ventricular diastolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

PubMed

Kagiyama, Shuntaro; Koga, Tokushi; Kaseda, Shigeru; Ishihara, Shiro; Kawazoe, Nobuyuki; Sadoshima, Seizo; Matsumura, Kiyoshi; Takata, Yutaka; Tsuchihashi, Takuya; Iida, Mitsuo

2009-10-01

Increased salt intake may induce hypertension, lead to cardiac hypertrophy, and exacerbate heart failure. When elderly patients develop heart failure, diastolic dysfunction is often observed, although the ejection fraction has decreased. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an established risk factor for heart failure. However, little is known about the relationship between cardiac function and urinary sodium excretion (U-Na) in patients with DM. We measured 24-hour U-Na; cardiac function was evaluated directly during coronary catheterization in type 2 DM (n = 46) or non-DM (n = 55) patients with preserved cardiac systolic function (ejection fraction > or = 60%). Cardiac diastolic and systolic function was evaluated as - dp/dt and + dp/dt, respectively. The average of U-Na was 166.6 +/- 61.2 mEq/24 hour (mean +/- SD). In all patients, stepwise multivariate regression analysis revealed that - dp/dt had a negative correlation with serum B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP; beta = - 0.23, P = .021) and U-Na (beta = - 0.24, P = .013). On the other hand, + dp/dt negatively correlated with BNP (beta = - 0.30, P < .001), but did not relate to U-Na. In the DM-patients, stepwise multivariate regression analysis showed that - dp/dt still had a negative correlation with U-Na (beta = - 0.33, P = .025). The results indicated that increased urinary sodium excretion is associated with an impairment of cardiac diastolic function, especially in patients with DM, suggesting that a reduction of salt intake may improve cardiac diastolic function.

Individualized deliberate practice on a virtual reality simulator improves technical performance of surgical novices in the operating room: a randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Palter, Vanessa N; Grantcharov, Teodor P

2014-03-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether individualized deliberate practice on a virtual reality (VR) simulator results in improved technical performance in the operating room. Training on VR simulators has been shown to improve technical performance in the operating room (OR). Currently described VR curricula consist of trainees practicing the same tasks until expert proficiency is reached. It has yet to be investigated whether the individualized deliberate practice, where curricula tasks vary depending on prior levels of technical proficiency, would translate into the OR. This single-blinded prospective trial randomized 16 novice surgical residents to a deliberate practice (DP) group and a conventional residency training group. Both groups performed a laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the OR that was video-recorded. Technical performance of DP group residents in the OR was assessed using 3 validated assessment tools. A score of less than 60% on any component of the assessment tool resulted in the trainee practicing a specific task on the VR simulator. The DP group practiced on the simulator as per their individualized schedule. Both groups then performed another laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A blinded expert assessed the OR recordings using a validated global rating scale. Although both groups had similar technical abilities preintervention [DP: median score, 13.5 (9.3-15.0); control: median score, 14.5 (9.3-17.8); P = 0.45], the DP residents had a superior technical performance postintervention [DP: median score, 17.0 (15.3-18.5); control: median score, 12.5 (7.5-14.0); P = 0.03]. Of 8 DP residents, 6 practiced 5 basic VR tasks (median 1 trial to pass), and 7 of 8 practiced 2 advanced tasks (median 4 trials to pass). A curriculum of deliberate individualized practice on a VR simulator improves technical performance in the OR. This has implications to greatly improve the feasibility of implementing simulation-based curricula in residency training programs, rather then having them being limited to research protocols.

TITAN II Reliability and Aging Surveillance Program (RASP)

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-02-05

n il =a+, •’ - -10 dP 0 0% Řj F’l ~ N N N N m N U & p DI-I Go co %0 ( n (q en LA LA...Results of these tests will be submitted as an appendix to this report as they became available. See reference Appendix A and subsequent. Noun P / N NSN...JUN14 1982 ior publie release andsleitA 0 - --- ---- -- t.Iit~htiI1i ulii7 d TABLE OF C ENTS Page 1.0 n OUCrN 1 2.0 BACKGRJND

Comparing sports vision among three groups of soft tennis adolescent athletes: Normal vision, refractive errors with and without correction.

PubMed

Chang, Shih-Tsun; Liu, Yen-Hsiu; Lee, Jiahn-Shing; See, Lai-Chu

2015-09-01

The effect of correcting static vision on sports vision is still not clear. To examine whether sports vision (depth perception [DP], dynamic visual acuity [DVA], eye movement [EM], peripheral vision [PV], and momentary vision [MV],) were different among soft tennis adolescent athletes with normal vision (Group A), with refractive error and corrected with (Group B) and without eyeglasses (Group C). A cross-section study was conducted. Soft tennis athletes aged 10-13 who played softball tennis for 2-5 years, and who were without any ocular diseases and without visual training for the past 3 months were recruited. DPs were measured in an absolute deviation (mm) between a moving rod and fixing rod (approaching at 25 mm/s, receding at 25 mm/s, approaching at 50 mm/s, receding at 50 mm/s) using electric DP tester. A smaller deviation represented better DP. DVA, EM, PV, and MV were measured on a scale from 1 (worse) to 10 (best) using ATHLEVISION software. Chi-square test and Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the data among the three study groups. A total of 73 athletes (37 in Group A, 8 in Group B, 28 in Group C) were enrolled in this study. All four items of DP showed significant difference among the three study groups (P = 0.0051, 0.0004, 0.0095, 0.0021). PV displayed significant difference among the three study groups (P = 0.0044). There was no significant difference in DVA, EM, and MV among the three study groups. Significant better DP and PV were seen among soft tennis adolescent athletes with normal vision than those with refractive error regardless whether they had eyeglasses corrected. On the other hand, DVA, EM, and MV were similar among the three study groups.

Communication: Glass transition and melting lines of an ionic liquid

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lima, Thamires A.; Faria, Luiz F. O.; Paschoal, Vitor H.; Ribeiro, Mauro C. C.

2018-05-01

The phase diagram of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesufonyl)imide, [Pyrr1,4][NTf2], was explored by synchroton X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering measurements as a function of temperature and pressure. Glass transition Tg(p) and melting Tm(p) temperatures were obtained from atmospheric pressure up to ca. 2.0 GPa. We found that both the Tg(p) and Tm(p) curves follow essentially the same pressure dependence. The similarity of pressure coefficients, dTg/dp ≈ dTm/dp, is explained within the non-equilibrium thermodynamics approach for the glass transition by assuming that one of the Ehrenfest equations is appropriated for Tg(p), whereas Tm(p) follows the Clausius-Clapeyron equation valid for the first-order transitions. The results highlight that ionic liquids are excellent model systems to address fundamental questions related to the glass transition.

Communication: Glass transition and melting lines of an ionic liquid.

PubMed

Lima, Thamires A; Faria, Luiz F O; Paschoal, Vitor H; Ribeiro, Mauro C C

2018-05-07

The phase diagram of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesufonyl)imide, [Pyrr 1,4 ][NTf 2 ], was explored by synchroton X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering measurements as a function of temperature and pressure. Glass transition T g (p) and melting T m (p) temperatures were obtained from atmospheric pressure up to ca. 2.0 GPa. We found that both the T g (p) and T m (p) curves follow essentially the same pressure dependence. The similarity of pressure coefficients, dT g /dp ≈ dT m /dp, is explained within the non-equilibrium thermodynamics approach for the glass transition by assuming that one of the Ehrenfest equations is appropriated for T g (p), whereas T m (p) follows the Clausius-Clapeyron equation valid for the first-order transitions. The results highlight that ionic liquids are excellent model systems to address fundamental questions related to the glass transition.

Maternal transfer of dechloranes and their distribution among tissues in contaminated ducks.

PubMed

Wu, Ping-Fan; Yu, Lian-Lian; Li, Long; Zhang, Yun; Li, Xing-Hong

2016-05-01

The tissue concentrations of dechlorane plus and its analogues were determined in ducks collected from several e-waste recycling villages of Taizhou, China. Compared with the published literature, the relatively high concentrations of these compounds were detected in ducks, indicating serious DP contamination. Since both the duck meat and eggs were important components for diet, this result reminded us of keeping a watchful eye on human dietary exposure to DP and its analogues in this study area. The wet-weight concentrations of DP and its analogues were significantly related to tissue lipid content (p < 0.05), indicating that the lipid pools predominantly impacted the distribution of DPs in ducks. On the basis of lipid adjustment, the significantly lower levels in brain than those in liver and blood, displayed the occurrence of liver sequestration and blood-brain barrier to DP and its analogues in the duck (p < 0.05). The maternal transfer of DP and Mirex was not obviously limited, and the transferring extent of Dec 602 was over one. The stereo-selected accumulation of two DP isomers occurred among tissues with preference to syn-DP in blood, and to anti-DP in brain. The values of lipid-adjusted monodechlorinated products mainly originated from the exterior environment in ducks. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Selective Oxidation and Reactive Wetting During Hot-Dip Galvanizing of a 1.0 pct Al-0.5 pct Si TRIP-Assisted Steel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bellhouse, E. M.; McDermid, J. R.

2012-07-01

Selective oxidation and reactive wetting during continuous galvanizing were studied for a low-alloy transformation induced plasticity (TRIP)-assisted steel with 0.2 pct C, 1.5 pct Mn, 1.0 pct Al and 0.5 pct Si. Three process atmospheres were tested during annealing prior to galvanizing: 220 K (-53 °C) dew point (dp) N2-20 pct H2, 243 K (-30 °C) dp N2-5 pct H2 and 278 K (+5 °C) dp N2-5 pct H2. The process atmosphere oxygen partial pressure affected the oxide chemistry, morphology and thickness. For the 220 K (-53 °C) dp and 243 K (-30 °C) dp process atmospheres, film and nodule-type manganese, silicon and aluminum containing oxides were observed at the surface. For the 278 K (+5 °C) dp atmosphere, MnO was observed at the grain boundaries and as thicker localized surface films. Oxide morphology, thickness and chemistry affected reactive wetting, with complete wetting being observed for the 220 K (-53 °C) dp and 243 K (-30 °C) dp process atmospheres and incomplete reactive wetting being observed for the 278 K (+5 °C) dp atmosphere. Complete reactive wetting for the 220 K (-53 °C) dp and 243 K (-30 °C) dp process atmospheres was attributed to a combination of zinc bridging of oxides, aluminothermic reduction of surface oxides and wetting of the oxides. Incomplete wetting for the 278 K (+5 °C) dp atmosphere was attributed to localized thick MnO films.

In Vivo Kinematics of the Tibiotalar and Subtalar Joints in Asymptomatic Subjects: A High-Speed Dual Fluoroscopy Study.

PubMed

Roach, Koren E; Wang, Bibo; Kapron, Ashley L; Fiorentino, Niccolo M; Saltzman, Charles L; Bo Foreman, K; Anderson, Andrew E

2016-09-01

Measurements of joint kinematics are essential to understand the pathomechanics of ankle disease and the effects of treatment. Traditional motion capture techniques do not provide measurements of independent tibiotalar and subtalar joint motion. In this study, high-speed dual fluoroscopy images of ten asymptomatic adults were acquired during treadmill walking at 0.5 m/s and 1.0 m/s and a single-leg, balanced heel-rise. Three-dimensional (3D) CT models of each bone and dual fluoroscopy images were used to quantify in vivo kinematics for the tibiotalar and subtalar joints. Dynamic tibiotalar and subtalar mean joint angles often exhibited opposing trends during captured stance. During both speeds of walking, the tibiotalar joint had significantly greater dorsi/plantarflexion (D/P) angular ROM than the subtalar joint while the subtalar joint demonstrated greater inversion/eversion (In/Ev) and internal/external rotation (IR/ER) than the tibiotalar joint. During balanced heel-rise, only D/P and In/Ev were significantly different between the tibiotalar and subtalar joints. Translational ROM in the anterior/posterior (AP) direction was significantly greater in the subtalar than the tibiotalar joint during walking at 0.5 m/s. Overall, our results support the long-held belief that the tibiotalar joint is primarily responsible for D/P, while the subtalar joint facilitates In/Ev and IR/ER. However, the subtalar joint provided considerable D/P rotation, and the tibiotalar joint rotated about all three axes, which, along with translational motion, suggests that each joint undergoes complex, 3D motion.

First observation of N-acetyl leucine and N-acetyl isoleucine in diabetic patient hair and quantitative analysis by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS.

PubMed

Min, Jun Zhe; Tomiyasu, Yuki; Morotomi, Takashi; Jiang, Ying-Zi; Li, Gao; Shi, Qing; Yu, Hai-Fu; Inoue, Koichi; Todoroki, Kenichiro; Toyo'oka, Toshimasa

2015-04-15

Type 2 diabetes patients (DP) have significantly higher plasma levels of valine, leucine, isoleucine and alanine than the controls. Specific amino acids may acutely and chronically regulate insulin secretion from the pancreatic β-cells. We recently identified a metabolic signature of N-acetyl leucine (Ac-Leu) that strongly predicts diabetes development in mice hair. The Ac-Leu appears to be a potential biomarker candidate related to diabetes. However, the determination of Ac-Leu in human hair has not been reported. We measured the Ac-Leu, and its structure is similar to N-acetyl isoleucine (Ac-Ile) in human hair by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). The developed method was applied to the determination of Ac-Leu and Ac-Ile in the hair of healthy volunteers (HV) and DP. Ac-Leu, Ac-Ile and N-acetyl norleucine (Ac-Nle, IS) were extracted from human hair samples by a micropulverized extraction procedure, then separated on a C18 column by isocratic elution of acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid in water:0.1% formic acid (14:86, vol./vol.). MRM using the fragmentation transitions of m/z 174.1→86.1 in the positive ESI mode was performed to quantify the N-acetyl leucine, N-acetyl isoleucine and IS. Ac-Leu, Ac-Ile and Ac-Nle in the human hair samples were completely separated by isocratic elution of a 5.0 min duration wash program using a reversed-phase column, and sensitively detected by LC-MS/MS in the ESI(+) MRM mode. The amounts of Ac-Leu and Ac-Ile in the hairs of HV and DP were determined. When comparing the concentrations between DP and those from HV, a statistically significant correlation was observed for the Ac-Leu (p<0.001) and Ac-Ile (p<0.01). The proposed method is useful for the determination of Ac-Leu and Ac-Ile in the hairs of DP and HV. Human hair may serve as a noninvasive biosample for the diagnosis of diabetes. Crown Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Characterization of antibody responses to combinations of a dengue virus type 2 DNA vaccine and two dengue virus type 2 protein vaccines in rhesus macaques.

PubMed

Simmons, Monika; Porter, Kevin R; Hayes, Curtis G; Vaughn, David W; Putnak, Robert

2006-10-01

We evaluated three nonreplicating dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) vaccines: (i) a DNA vaccine containing the prM-E gene region (D), (ii) a recombinant subunit protein vaccine containing the B domain (i.e., domain III) of the E protein as a fusion with the Escherichia coli maltose-binding protein (R), and (iii) a purified inactivated virus vaccine (P). Groups of four rhesus macaques each were primed once and boosted twice using seven different vaccination regimens. After primary vaccination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibody levels increased most rapidly for groups inoculated with the P and DP combination, and by 1 month after the second boost, ELISA titers were similar for all groups. The highest plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) titers were seen in those groups that received the DR/DR/DR combination (geometric mean titer [GMT], 510), the P/P/P vaccine (GMT, 345), the DP/DP/DP combination (GMT, 287), and the R/R/R vaccine (GMT, 200). The next highest titers were seen in animals that received the D/R/R vaccine (GMT, 186) and the D/P/P vaccine (GMT, 163). Animals that received the D/D/D vaccine had the lowest neutralizing antibody titer (GMT, 49). Both ELISA and PRNT titers declined at variable rates. The only significant protection from viremia was observed in the P-vaccinated animals (mean of 0.5 days), which also showed the highest antibody concentration, including antibodies to NS1, and highest antibody avidity at the time of challenge.

RRTMGP: A High-Performance Broadband Radiation Code for the Next Decade

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-30

Hardware counters were used to measure several performance metrics, including the number of double-precision (DP) floating- point operations ( FLOPs ...0.2 DP FLOPs per CPU cycle. Experience with production science code is that it is possible to achieve execution rates in the range of 0.5 to 1.0...DP FLOPs per cycle. Looking at the ratio of vectorized DP FLOPs to total DP FLOPs we see (Figure PROF) that for most of the execution time the

Patients with a new variant of endemic pemphigus foliaceus have autoantibodies against arrector pili muscle, colocalizing with MYZAP, p0071, desmoplakins 1 and 2 and ARVCF.

PubMed

Abreu-Velez, A M; Valencia-Yepes, C A; Upegui-Zapata, Y A; Upegui-Quiceno, E; Mesa-Herrera, N R; Velazquez-Velez, J E; Howard, M S

2017-12-01

We identified a new variant of endemic pemphigus foliaceus in El Bagre, Colombia, South America, which we term El Bagre-EPF, and observed reactivity to arrector pili muscle (APM), thus we tested for autoimmunity to APM. We took skin biopsies from 30 patients with El Bagre-EPF and 30 healthy controls (HCs) matched by age, sex and occupation, who were all from the endemic area, and tested these using direct immunofluorescence (DIF), confocal microscopy, immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting (IB). Of the 30 patients with El Bagre-EPF, 27 had autoantibodies to APM that colocalized with commercial antibodies to myocardium-enriched zonula occludens-1-associated protein (MYZAP), desmoplakin (DP)1 and DP2, plakophilin 4, and Armadillo repeat gene deleted in velo-cardio-facial syndrome (ARVCF) (P < 0.001, Fisher exact test). The positive staining also colocalized with Junctional Adhesion Molecule 1 (JAM-A), a control antibody for gap cell junctions. No HC samples were positive. In 27 of the 30 patients, serum that was APM-positive also displayed IB colocalization of their autoantibody molecular weights with the Progen antibodies (P < 0.001, Fisher exact test). Patients affected by El Bagre-EPF have autoantibodies to APM, colocalizing with the antibodies MYZAP, ARVCF, p0071, DP1 and DP2, suggesting that these molecules are El Bagre-EPF antigens. Further, all of these antigens represent components of cell junctions, indicating that the immune response is directed, at least partially, against cell junctions. The immune response in patients affected by El Bagre-EPF is polyclonal, and it includes B and T lymphocytes, mast cells, IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE, fibrinogen, albumin, complement/C1q, C3c and C4. © 2017 British Association of Dermatologists.

Exploring the Use of Ionic Liquid Mixtures to Enhance the Performance of Dicationic Ionic Liquids

DOE PAGES

Lall-Ramnarine, Sharon I.; Suarez, Sophia N.; Fernandez, Eddie D.; ...

2017-05-06

Dicationic ionic liquids (DILs) of diverse structural architectures (including symmetrical and asymmetrical ammonium, phosphonium and heterodications and the bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (NTf 2 -) anion) have been prepared and used as additives to N-methyl-N-ethoxyethylpyrrolidinium (P 1EOE) NTf 2, a relatively high-performing IL in terms of its transport properties (viscosity 53 mPa s). The three-ion, binary IL mixtures were characterized for their thermal and transport properties using differential scanning calorimetry, temperature dependent viscosity, conductivity and Pulsed Gradient Spin Echo (PGSE) NMR. Variable temperature 1H, 19F and 31P self-diffusion coefficients were determined at 25, 60 and 75°C. The order of the diffusion coefficients wasmore » D(P 1EOE +) > D(anion) > D(dication), and the composition of the dication had a strong effect on the degree to which diffusion of all three species is more or less coupled. IL mixtures containing about 30 mol % of the dicationic NTf 2 and 70 mol % of P 1EOE NTf 2 resulted in a significant decrease in glass transition temperatures and viscosities compared to the pure DIL. The mixtures extended the liquid range and potential for practical applications significantly. Finally, the data obtained here provides insight into the future design of dicationic salts tailored to exhibit lower viscosity and higher conductivities.« less

Short-term in vivo modifications of platelet NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) and prostaglandin F2α in HIV-1 patients on abacavir-based therapies.

PubMed

Pastori, D; Esposito, A; Carnevale, R; Bartimoccia, S; Nocella, C; Fantauzzi, A; Pignatelli, P; Violi, F; Mezzaroma, I

2016-11-01

The aim of the study was to investigate the in vivo effect of abacavir (ABC) on platelet oxidative stress. We performed a randomized pilot study including 39 HIV-1-infected patients, 17 on zidovudine/lamivudine (ZDV/3TC) and 22 on tenofovir/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC). Ten patients on ZDV/3TC and eight patients on TDF/FTC were randomly allocated to switching the nucleoside backbone to ABC/3TC. At baseline and after 6 months, platelet oxidative stress was assessed by platelet NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2)-derived peptide (sNOX2-dp), a marker of NOX2 activation, and platelet prostaglandin F 2α (8-iso-PGF 2α ). Platelet activation was measured by soluble CD40L (sCD40L). At baseline, no differences between ZDV/3TC or TDF/FTC recipients were found. After 6 months, patients switching from ZDV/3TC showed a decrease of sNOX2-dp (from 20.9±5.7 to 12.5±3.8 pg/ml, p=0.002) and 8-iso-PGF 2α (from 154.3±41.9 to 122.9±28.0 pmol/l, p=0.025). No effects on platelet oxidative stress biomarkers were observed in subjects from TDF/FTC, who showed a significant increase in blood glucose (p=0.043) and total cholesterol (p=0.027). ABC showed no effect on sCD40L levels in both groups. ABC reduced platelet sNOX2-dp and 8-iso-PGF 2α in HIV-1 subjects switching from ZDV/3TC but not in those from TDF/FTC after 6 months. No changes in platelet activation were found in both groups. © 2016 British HIV Association.

Printability of calcium phosphate: calcium sulfate powders for the application of tissue engineered bone scaffolds using the 3D printing technique.

PubMed

Zhou, Zuoxin; Buchanan, Fraser; Mitchell, Christina; Dunne, Nicholas

2014-05-01

In this study, calcium phosphate (CaP) powders were blended with a three-dimensional printing (3DP) calcium sulfate (CaSO4)-based powder and the resulting composite powders were printed with a water-based binder using the 3DP technology. Application of a water-based binder ensured the manufacture of CaP:CaSO4 constructs on a reliable and repeatable basis, without long term damage of the printhead. Printability of CaP:CaSO4 powders was quantitatively assessed by investigating the key 3DP process parameters, i.e. in-process powder bed packing, drop penetration behavior and the quality of printed solid constructs. Effects of particle size, CaP:CaSO4 ratio and CaP powder type on the 3DP process were considered. The drop penetration technique was used to reliably identify powder formulations that could be potentially used for the application of tissue engineered bone scaffolds using the 3DP technique. Significant improvements (p<0.05) in the 3DP process parameters were found for CaP (30-110 μm):CaSO4 powders compared to CaP (<20 μm):CaSO4 powders. Higher compressive strength was obtained for the powders with the higher CaP:CaSO4 ratio. Hydroxyapatite (HA):CaSO4 powders showed better results than beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP):CaSO4 powders. Solid and porous constructs were manufactured using the 3DP technique from the optimized CaP:CaSO4 powder formulations. High-quality printed constructs were manufactured, which exhibited appropriate green compressive strength and a high level of printing accuracy. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Aquatic Resources of Rocky Mountain Arsenal Adams County, Colorado

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-09-01

D Nais pardalis P Nais simplex D,P D,P DUNais variabilis D,P D,P P Ophidonais serpentina D D,P Pristina leidyi D D Stylaria lacustris D D D... serpentina were the dominant naidids in Lake Ladora. Nais variabilis was the only naidid identified in Lake Mary. Most of the tubificid worms collected were

Choice of radiotherapy planning modality influences toxicity in the treatment of locally advanced esophageal cancer.

PubMed

Mackley, Heath B; Adelstein, Jonathan S; Reddy, Chandana A; Adelstein, David J; Rice, Thomas W; Saxton, Jerrold P; Videtic, Gregory M M

2008-01-01

Three-dimensional computed tomography-based radiotherapy planning (3DCTP) is increasingly employed in the treatment of esophageal cancer. It is unknown whether a 3DCTP approach influences outcomes compared to two-dimensional planning (2DP). This study compares clinical outcomes for homogeneously treated patient cohorts stratified by planning modality. A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients with T3/4 and/or node-positive esophageal carcinoma treated at the Cleveland Clinic between July 1, 2003 and May 31, 2006 who were managed with an institutional regimen consisting of preoperative radiotherapy, whether 3DCTP or 2DP [30 Gy/20 fractions/1.5 Gy twice daily over 2 weeks], with concurrent cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil the first week. Following definitive resection, an identical postoperative course of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) was delivered. One hundred and forty-one patients completed preoperative CRT and were available for review. The median follow-up of living patients is 21.7 months. Fifty-five percent underwent 3DCTP and 45% had 2DP. The treatment groups were similar, with the exception of clinical stage group, with 2DP having more stage II and fewer stage III patients than 3DCTP (p = 0.02). 3DCTP plans had significantly smaller field sizes by area (p < 0.0001). Pathologic response, locoregional control, distant control, and overall survival were equivalent between the two planning modalities. Esophagitis was significantly less common with a 3D approach compared to 2D planning (49% vs. 71%, p = 0.0096), with other toxicities equivalent between the groups. 3DCTP reduces acute esophagitis in patients receiving multimodality therapy for esophageal cancer without compromising clinical outcomes.

Functional restoration of diaphragmatic paralysis: an evaluation of phrenic nerve reconstruction.

PubMed

Kaufman, Matthew R; Elkwood, Andrew I; Colicchio, Alan R; CeCe, John; Jarrahy, Reza; Willekes, Lourens J; Rose, Michael I; Brown, David

2014-01-01

Unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis causes respiratory deficits and can occur after iatrogenic or traumatic phrenic nerve injury in the neck or chest. Patients are evaluated using spirometry and imaging studies; however, phrenic nerve conduction studies and electromyography are not widely available or considered; thus, the degree of dysfunction is often unknown. Treatment has been limited to diaphragmatic plication. Phrenic nerve operations to restore diaphragmatic function may broaden therapeutic options. An interventional study of 92 patients with symptomatic diaphragmatic paralysis assigned 68 (based on their clinical condition) to phrenic nerve surgical intervention (PS), 24 to nonsurgical (NS) care, and evaluated a third group of 68 patients (derived from literature review) treated with diaphragmatic plication (DP). Variables for assessment included spirometry, the Short-Form 36-Item survey, electrodiagnostics, and complications. In the PS group, there was an average 13% improvement in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (p < 0.0001) and 14% improvement in forced vital capacity (p < 0.0001), and there was corresponding 17% (p < 0.0001) and 16% (p < 0.0001) improvement in the DP cohort. In the PS and DP groups, the average postoperative values were 71% for forced expiratory volume in 1 second and 73% for forced vital capacity. The PS group demonstrated an average 28% (p < 0.01) improvement in Short-Form 36-Item survey reporting. Electrodiagnostic testing in the PS group revealed a mean 69% (p < 0.05) improvement in conduction latency and a 37% (p < 0.0001) increase in motor amplitude. In the NS group, there was no significant change in Short-Form 36-Item survey or spirometry values. Phrenic nerve operations for functional restoration of the paralyzed diaphragm should be part of the standard treatment algorithm in the management of symptomatic patients with this condition. Assessment of neuromuscular dysfunction can aid in determining the most effective therapy. Copyright © 2014 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effect of increased pressure during pulsatile pump perfusion of deceased donor kidneys in transplantation.

PubMed

Patel, S K; Pankewycz, O G; Weber-Shrikant, E; Zachariah, M; Kohli, R; Nader, N D; Laftavi, M R

2012-09-01

Pulsatile pump perfusion of potential kidneys for transplantation is known to decrease the rate of delayed graft function (DGF) and improve their 1-year survival. Flow and resistance parameters are often used to determine the suitability of kidneys for transplantation. Kidneys with low flow rates are often subjected to higher pressures to improve flow. This study evaluated the effect of higher pump pressures on posttransplant renal function. We performed a retrospective analysis of 73 deceased donor kidneys preserved using pump perfusion (LifePort) at our center between May 2006 and September 2009. We calculated the mean pump pressure (MP) for the duration of perfusion of each kidney, using systolic pressure (SP) and diastolic pressure (DP) readings with the following formula: (MP = DP + 1/3 (SP - DP). The kidneys were divided into a low (LP; n = 49) and a high-pressure group (HP; n = 24) based on a MP cutoff value of 23 mm Hg. The two groups were then compared for differences in perfusion dynamics and primary endpoints including DGF and 1-year graft survival. Statistical analysis was performed using paired Student t test and chi-square analysis. The two groups were comparable for donor age, extended criteria, sensitization, and cold ischemic times. They differed significantly in higher initial (0.65 ± 0.4 versus 0.4 ± 0.2, P = .01), average (0.25 ± 0.08 versus 0.18 ± 0.06, P = .0006), and terminal resistance (0.21 ± 0.07 versus 0.17 ± 0.06, P = .008) of HP versus LP kidneys. Flow rates were comparable between the two groups. DGF was higher in HP kidneys (75% versus 40%, P = .006) with similar 1-year graft survival (87.5% versus 89%, P = .7). Perfusate flow through a kidney can be improved by increasing pressure settings to overcome elevated resistance. This maneuver was not associated with a lower rate of DGF after transplantation. One-year graft survival remained unaffected. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effects of dry period length and dietary energy source on milk yield, energy balance, and metabolic status of dairy cows over 2 consecutive years: Effects in the second year.

PubMed

Chen, J; Remmelink, G J; Gross, J J; Bruckmaier, R M; Kemp, B; van Knegsel, A T M

2016-06-01

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of dry period (DP) length on milk yield, energy balance (EB), and metabolic status in cows fed a lipogenic or glucogenic diet in the second year after implementation of DP and dietary treatments. Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (n=167) were assigned randomly to 1 of 3 DP lengths (0, 30, or 60d) and 1 of 2 early lactation diets (glucogenic or lipogenic) for 2 consecutive years. Results of the first year were reported previously. In the second year, 19 cows in the 0-d DP group were attributed to a new group (0→67d DP) because these cows had a milk yield of <4kg/d at least 30d before expected calving date and were dried off. Milk yield was recorded and EB was calculated from wk -8 to 9 relative to calving. Blood samples were taken weekly from wk -3 to 8 relative to calving. Liver samples were taken in wk -2, 2, and 4 relative to calving. At the onset of lactation, cows with a 0-d or 0→67-d DP had greater body condition score (BCS) than cows with a 60-d DP. During the first 9wk, cows with a 0- or 30-d DP produced 5.0 and 4.3kg less milk per day, respectively, but had similar EB compared with cows with a 60-d DP. Cows with a 0- or 30-d DP produced additional milk precalving, which could compensate milk yield losses in the first 9wk postcalving. Cows with a 0-d DP did not have milk yield losses or improve EB in the second year as much as in the first year. Cows with a 0-d DP had greater plasma insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and lower liver triacylglycerol concentrations than cows with other DP lengths. Cows with a 0→67-d DP had lower EB, and greater plasma free fatty acids (FFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations than cows with other DP lengths. Feeding a glucogenic diet increased plasma glucose, IGF-I, and insulin concentrations, and decreased plasma FFA, BHB, and urea concentrations compared with a lipogenic diet, independent of DP length. In conclusion, omitting the DP or feeding a glucogenic diet improved metabolic status in early lactation of the second year after implementation of DP length and dietary treatments, although effects of omitting the DP were less pronounced in the second year than in the first year. The less pronounced improvement of EB in the second year was related to the high BCS at the onset of lactation and reduced milk yield losses in cows with a 0-d DP. Copyright © 2016 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Identification of adverse events that have a negative impact on quality of life in a clinical trial comparing docetaxel versus S-1 with cisplatin in lung cancer.

PubMed

Aotani, Eriko; Hamano, Tetsutaro; Gemma, Akihiko; Takeuchi, Masahiro; Takebayashi, Toru; Kobayashi, Kunihiko

2016-10-01

In the CATS (Cisplatin And TS-1) randomized trial comparing cisplatin plus either docetaxel (DP arm) or TS-1 (SP arm) in lung cancer, efficacy was found to be equivalent but the global quality of life (QOL) score was higher in the SP arm. The purpose of the current study was to identify which of the adverse events (AEs) contributed to the deterioration of QOL. QOL and AE data from the CATS trial were used to quantitatively analyze the relationship between deterioration of QOL score and occurrence of AEs. Subtracted values of the QOL score from post-chemotherapy to pre-chemotherapy were fully compared between patients with or without each AE (Student's t test, significance level = 0.001). Multivariate linear regression analysis was also performed. Analysis of variance was performed to identify whether grade of AE(s) might be significantly correlated with the deterioration of the QOL score (significance level of 0.05). As expected, gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities were associated with worsening of a variety of QOL items in both trial arms, detected by both univariate and multivariate analysis (p < 0.001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Multivariate analysis unpredictably indicated that an increase in serum bilirubin level was the only AE that was uniquely associated with worsening of physical functioning (p = 0.0002), cognitive functioning (p < 0.0001), and financial problems (p = 0.0005) in the DP arm, although not in the SP arm. GI toxicities tended to be prolonged in the SP arm. An increase in serum bilirubin level may contribute to the worse global QOL of subjects in the DP arm in the CATS trial. The method we used here may be a unique approach to identify unpredictable AE(s) that worsen the QOL of patients treated by chemotherapy.

Dexamethasone Protects Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury via L-PGDS-Dependent PGD2-DP1-pERK Signaling Pathway

PubMed Central

Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Pablo J.; Li, Yong; Martinez, Fabian; Zhang, Lubo

2014-01-01

Background and Purpose Glucocorticoids pretreatment confers protection against neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury. However, the molecular mechanism remains poorly elucidated. We tested the hypothesis that glucocorticoids protect against HI brain injury in neonatal rat by stimulation of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS)-induced prostaglandin D2 (PGD2)-DP1-pERK mediated signaling pathway. Methods Dexamethasone and inhibitors were administered via intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injections into 10-day-old rat brains. Levels of L-PGD2, D prostanoid (DP1) receptor, pERK1/2 and PGD2 were determined by Western immunoblotting and ELISA, respectively. Brain injury was evaluated 48 hours after conduction of HI in 10-day-old rat pups. Results Dexamethasone pretreatment significantly upregulated L-PGDS expression and the biosynthesis of PGD2. Dexamethasone also selectively increased isoform pERK-44 level in the neonatal rat brains. Inhibitors of L-PGDS (SeCl4), DP1 (MK-0524) and MAPK (PD98059) abrogated dexamethasone-induced increases in pERK-44 level, respectively. Of importance, these inhibitors also blocked dexamethasone-mediated neuroprotective effects against HI brain injury in neonatal rat brains. Conclusion Interaction of glucocorticoids-GR signaling and L-PGDS-PGD2-DP1-pERK mediated pathway underlies the neuroprotective effects of dexamethasone pretreatment in neonatal HI brain injury. PMID:25474649

The efficacy of dexmedetomidine-remifentanil versus dexmedetomidine-propofol in children undergoing flexible bronchoscopy

PubMed Central

Zhang, Hongquan; Fang, Baojun; Zhou, Wenjing

2017-01-01

Abstract Flexible bronchoscopy has been more and more used for diagnosis and management diseases of respiratory system in pediatrics. Previous studies have reported that remifentanil (RF) and propofol are safe and effective for flexible bronchoscopy in adults, however, there have no trials evaluate the efficacy of DEX-RF versus dexmedetomidine-propofol in children undergoing flexible bronchoscopy. We divided 123 children undergoing flexible bronchoscopy with DEX-RF or dexmedetomidine-propofol into 2 groups: Group DR (n = 63, DEX infusion at 1.0 μg kg−1 for 10 minutes, then adjusted to 0.5–0.7 μg kg−1 h−1; RF infusion at 1.0 μg kg−1 for 5 minutes, then adjusted to 0.05–0.2 μg kg−1 min−1), Group DP (n = 60, DEX infusion at 1.0 μg kg−1 for 10 minutes, then adjusted to 0.5–0.7 μg kg−1 h−1; propofol infusion at 10 μg kg−1 for 5 minutes, then adjusted to 0.05–0.1 μg kg−1 min−1). Ramsay sedation scale of the 2 groups was maintained at 3. Anesthesia onset time; total number of intraoperative patient movements; hemodynamics; total cumulative dose of DEX; amount of and time to first-dose rescue midazolam and lidocaine; postoperative recovery time; adverse events; and bronchoscopist satisfaction score were recorded. Anesthesia onset time was significantly shorter in DP (8.22 ± 2.48 vs 12.25 ± 6.43 minutes, respectively, for DP, DR, P = 0.015). The perioperative hemodynamic profile was more stable in DR than DP group. More children moved during flexible bronchoscopy in DP group (P = 0.009). Total dose of rescue midazolam and lidocaine was significantly higher in DR than in DP (P < 0.001). Similarly, the time to first dose of rescue midazolam and lidocaine was significantly longer in DP than in DR (P < 0.001). Total cumulative dose of DEX was more in DR than DP group (P < 0.001). The time to recovery for discharge from the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) was significantly shorter in DP than in DR group (P < 0.001). The bronchoscopist-satisfaction scores were higher for DR than DP (P = 0.036). There were significant differences between the 2 groups in terms of the overall incidence of hypertension, tachycardia, and hypoxemia (P < 0.05). Although underwent longer recovery time and more incidence of rescue scheme, DEX-RF resulted in more stable hemodynamic profiles and bronchoscopist-satisfaction scores, lesser patient movements, and can hence be more effectively used in children undergoing flexible bronchoscopy than dexmedetomidine-propofol. PMID:28072737

Rai1 duplication causes physical and behavioral phenotypes in a mouse model of dup(17)(p11.2p11.2)

PubMed Central

Walz, Katherina; Paylor, Richard; Yan, Jiong; Bi, Weimin; Lupski, James R.

2006-01-01

Genomic disorders are conditions that result from DNA rearrangements, such as deletions or duplications. The identification of the dosage-sensitive gene(s) within the rearranged genomic interval is important for the elucidation of genes responsible for complex neurobehavioral phenotypes. Smith-Magenis syndrome is associated with a 3.7-Mb deletion in 17p11.2, and its clinical presentation is caused by retinoic acid inducible 1 (RAI1) haploinsufficiency. The reciprocal microduplication syndrome, dup(17)(p11.2p11.2), manifests several neurobehavioral abnormalities, but the responsible dosage-sensitive gene(s) remain undefined. We previously generated a mouse model for dup(17)(p11.2p11.2), Dp(11)17/+, that recapitulated most of the phenotypes observed in human patients. We have now analyzed compound heterozygous mice carrying a duplication [Dp(11)17] in one chromosome 11 along with a null allele of Rai1 in the other chromosome 11 homologue [Dp(11)17/Rai1– mice] in order to study the relationship between Rai1 gene copy number and the Dp(11)17/+ phenotypes. Normal disomic Rai1 gene dosage was sufficient to rescue the complex physical and behavioral phenotypes observed in Dp(11)17/+ mice, despite altered trisomic copy number of the other 18 genes present in the rearranged genomic interval. These data provide a model for variation in copy number of single genes that could influence common traits such as obesity and behavior. PMID:17024248

Safety of single low-dose primaquine in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient falciparum-infected African males: Two open-label, randomized, safety trials.

PubMed

Bastiaens, Guido J H; Tiono, Alfred B; Okebe, Joseph; Pett, Helmi E; Coulibaly, Sam A; Gonçalves, Bronner P; Affara, Muna; Ouédraogo, Alphonse; Bougouma, Edith C; Sanou, Guillaume S; Nébié, Issa; Bradley, John; Lanke, Kjerstin H W; Niemi, Mikko; Sirima, Sodiomon B; d'Alessandro, Umberto; Bousema, Teun; Drakeley, Chris

2018-01-01

Primaquine (PQ) actively clears mature Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes but in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient (G6PDd) individuals can cause hemolysis. We assessed the safety of low-dose PQ in combination with artemether-lumefantrine (AL) or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) in G6PDd African males with asymptomatic P. falciparum malaria. In Burkina Faso, G6PDd adult males were randomized to treatment with AL alone (n = 10) or with PQ at 0.25 (n = 20) or 0.40 mg/kg (n = 20) dosage; G6PD-normal males received AL plus 0.25 (n = 10) or 0.40 mg/kg (n = 10) PQ. In The Gambia, G6PDd adult males and boys received DP alone (n = 10) or with 0.25 mg/kg PQ (n = 20); G6PD-normal males received DP plus 0.25 (n = 10) or 0.40 mg/kg (n = 10) PQ. The primary study endpoint was change in hemoglobin concentration during the 28-day follow-up. Cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme 2D6 (CYP2D6) metabolizer status, gametocyte carriage, haptoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase levels and reticulocyte counts were also determined. In Burkina Faso, the mean maximum absolute change in hemoglobin was -2.13 g/dL (95% confidence interval [CI], -2.78, -1.49) in G6PDd individuals randomized to 0.25 PQ mg/kg and -2.29 g/dL (95% CI, -2.79, -1.79) in those receiving 0.40 PQ mg/kg. In The Gambia, the mean maximum absolute change in hemoglobin concentration was -1.83 g/dL (95% CI, -2.19, -1.47) in G6PDd individuals receiving 0.25 PQ mg/kg. After adjustment for baseline concentrations, hemoglobin reductions in G6PDd individuals in Burkina Faso were more pronounced compared to those in G6PD-normal individuals receiving the same PQ doses (P = 0.062 and P = 0.022, respectively). Hemoglobin levels normalized during follow-up. Abnormal haptoglobin and lactate dehydrogenase levels provided additional evidence of mild transient hemolysis post-PQ. Single low-dose PQ in combination with AL and DP was associated with mild and transient reductions in hemoglobin. None of the study participants developed moderate or severe anemia; there were no severe adverse events. This indicates that single low-dose PQ is safe in G6PDd African males when used with artemisinin-based combination therapy. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02174900 Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02654730.

Safety of single low-dose primaquine in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient falciparum-infected African males: Two open-label, randomized, safety trials

PubMed Central

Pett, Helmi E.; Coulibaly, Sam A.; Gonçalves, Bronner P.; Affara, Muna; Ouédraogo, Alphonse; Bougouma, Edith C.; Sanou, Guillaume S.; Nébié, Issa; Bradley, John; Lanke, Kjerstin H. W.; Niemi, Mikko; Sirima, Sodiomon B.; d’Alessandro, Umberto; Bousema, Teun; Drakeley, Chris

2018-01-01

Background Primaquine (PQ) actively clears mature Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes but in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient (G6PDd) individuals can cause hemolysis. We assessed the safety of low-dose PQ in combination with artemether-lumefantrine (AL) or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) in G6PDd African males with asymptomatic P. falciparum malaria. Methods and findings In Burkina Faso, G6PDd adult males were randomized to treatment with AL alone (n = 10) or with PQ at 0.25 (n = 20) or 0.40 mg/kg (n = 20) dosage; G6PD-normal males received AL plus 0.25 (n = 10) or 0.40 mg/kg (n = 10) PQ. In The Gambia, G6PDd adult males and boys received DP alone (n = 10) or with 0.25 mg/kg PQ (n = 20); G6PD-normal males received DP plus 0.25 (n = 10) or 0.40 mg/kg (n = 10) PQ. The primary study endpoint was change in hemoglobin concentration during the 28-day follow-up. Cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme 2D6 (CYP2D6) metabolizer status, gametocyte carriage, haptoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase levels and reticulocyte counts were also determined. In Burkina Faso, the mean maximum absolute change in hemoglobin was -2.13 g/dL (95% confidence interval [CI], -2.78, -1.49) in G6PDd individuals randomized to 0.25 PQ mg/kg and -2.29 g/dL (95% CI, -2.79, -1.79) in those receiving 0.40 PQ mg/kg. In The Gambia, the mean maximum absolute change in hemoglobin concentration was -1.83 g/dL (95% CI, -2.19, -1.47) in G6PDd individuals receiving 0.25 PQ mg/kg. After adjustment for baseline concentrations, hemoglobin reductions in G6PDd individuals in Burkina Faso were more pronounced compared to those in G6PD-normal individuals receiving the same PQ doses (P = 0.062 and P = 0.022, respectively). Hemoglobin levels normalized during follow-up. Abnormal haptoglobin and lactate dehydrogenase levels provided additional evidence of mild transient hemolysis post-PQ. Conclusions Single low-dose PQ in combination with AL and DP was associated with mild and transient reductions in hemoglobin. None of the study participants developed moderate or severe anemia; there were no severe adverse events. This indicates that single low-dose PQ is safe in G6PDd African males when used with artemisinin-based combination therapy. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02174900 Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02654730 PMID:29324864

Psychosocial working conditions, occupational groups, and risk of disability pension due to mental diagnoses: a cohort study of 43,000 Swedish twins.

PubMed

Samuelsson, Åsa; Ropponen, Annina; Alexanderson, Kristina; Svedberg, Pia

2013-07-01

The aim of this study was to investigate associations between psychosocial working conditions, occupational groups defined by sector, and disability pension (DP) with mental diagnoses while accounting for familial confounding. A prospective population-based cohort study was conducted, including all Swedish twins who, in January 1993, were living and working in Sweden and not on old-age pension or DP (N=42 715). The twins were followed from 1993-2008 regarding DP. Data on DP, exposures, and covariates were obtained from national registries. Cox proportional hazards regression models with hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were constructed for the whole cohort, and for discordant twin pairs. The associations for the whole cohort between DP with mental diagnoses and (i) job demands (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.06-1.43), (ii) job control (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.83-0.99), (iii) healthcare and social work (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.04-1.92), and (iv) service and military work (HR 2.07, 95% CI 1.37-3.14) remained after accounting for possible confounders, including familial factors, while the associations between DP and (i) social support, (ii) type of jobs, and (iii) some of the occupational groups were attenuated, becoming non-significant. In the discordant twin pair analyses, commercial work was significantly associated with lower risk of DP (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.32-0.95). One unit increase in job demands and working in the occupational groups healthcare and social work or service and military work seem to be risk factors of DP with mental diagnoses, independent from various background factors including familial ones. However, one unit increase in job control or working in commercial work seem to be protective factors of such DP, accounting for confounding factors of this study.

A Molecular Assay to Quantify Male and Female Plasmodium falciparum Gametocytes: Results From 2 Randomized Controlled Trials Using Primaquine for Gametocyte Clearance

PubMed Central

Stone, Will; Sawa, Patrick; Lanke, Kjerstin; Rijpma, Sanna; Oriango, Robin; Nyaurah, Maureen; Osodo, Paul; Osoti, Victor; Mahamar, Almahamoudou; Diawara, Halimatou; Woestenenk, Rob; Graumans, Wouter; van de Vegte-Bolmer, Marga; Bradley, John; Chen, Ingrid; Brown, Joelle; Siciliano, Giulia; Alano, Pietro; Gosling, Roly; Dicko, Alassane; Drakeley, Chris; Bousema, Teun

2017-01-01

Abstract Background Single low-dose primaquine (PQ) reduces Plasmodium falciparum infectivity before it impacts gametocyte density. Here, we examined the effect of PQ on gametocyte sex ratio as a possible explanation for this early sterilizing effect. Methods Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays were developed to quantify female gametocytes (targeting Pfs25 messenger RNA [mRNA]) and male gametocytes (targeting Pf3D7_1469900 mRNA) in 2 randomized trials in Kenya and Mali, comparing dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) alone to DP with PQ. Gametocyte sex ratio was examined in relation to time since treatment and infectivity to mosquitoes. Results In Kenya, the median proportion of male gametocytes was 0.33 at baseline. Seven days after treatment, gametocyte density was significantly reduced in the DP-PQ arm relative to the DP arm (females: 0.05% [interquartile range {IQR}, 0.0–0.7%] of baseline; males: 3.4% [IQR, 0.4%–32.9%] of baseline; P < .001). Twenty-four hours after treatment, gametocyte sex ratio became male-biased and was not significantly different between the DP and DP-PQ groups. In Mali, there was no significant difference in sex ratio between the DP and DP-PQ groups (>0.125 mg/kg) 48 hours after treatment, and gametocyte sex ratio was not associated with mosquito infection rates. Conclusions The early sterilizing effects of PQ may not be explained by the preferential clearance of male gametocytes and may be due to an effect on gametocyte fitness. PMID:28931236

Critical decay exponent of the pair contact process with diffusion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, Su-Chan

2014-11-01

We investigate the one-dimensional pair contact process with diffusion (PCPD) by extensive Monte Carlo simulations, mainly focusing on the critical density decay exponent δ . To obtain an accurate estimate of δ , we first find the strength of corrections to scaling using the recently introduced method [S.-C. Park. J. Korean Phys. Soc. 62, 469 (2013), 10.3938/jkps.62.469]. For small diffusion rate (d ≤0.5 ), the leading corrections-to-scaling term is found to be ˜t-0.15, whereas for large diffusion rate (d =0.95 ) it is found to be ˜t-0.5. After finding the strength of corrections to scaling, effective exponents are systematically analyzed to conclude that the value of critical decay exponent δ is 0.173 (3 ) irrespective of d . This value should be compared with the critical decay exponent of the directed percolation, 0.1595. In addition, we study two types of crossover. At d =0 , the phase boundary is discontinuous and the crossover from the pair contact process to the PCPD is found to be described by the crossover exponent ϕ =2.6 (1 ) . We claim that the discontinuity of the phase boundary cannot be consistent with the theoretical argument supporting the hypothesis that the PCPD should belong to the DP. At d =1 , the crossover from the mean field PCPD to the PCPD is described by ϕ =2 which is argued to be exact.

LDEF - 69 Months in Space: First Post-Retrieval Symposium, Part 1,

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-01-01

Whitaker and Leighton E. Young EXPERIMENT M0003-4 ADVANCED SOLAR CELL AND COVERGLASS ANALYSIS AN OVERVIEW ’ 19,<- TerryM.Trumble PRELIMINARY ANALYSES...this effort. Much of the surveying work was performed by Jack Warren, Miria Finckenor, Frank Cardenas, Eric Christiansen , Samantha Lapin, Lt. Mike...Cour-Palais (ref. 14) and as amended by E. Christiansen (personal communications, 1991) for all aluminum surfaces: P=5.24Dp 19/18H-°-25(dp/d,)0-5

Host-guest chemistry of dendrimer-drug complexes. 6. Fully acetylated dendrimers as biocompatible drug vehicles using dexamethasone 21-phosphate as a model drug.

PubMed

Yang, Kun; Weng, Liang; Cheng, Yiyun; Zhang, Hongfeng; Zhang, Jiahai; Wu, Qinglin; Xu, Tongwen

2011-03-17

Fully acetylated poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer was proposed as a biocompatible drug vehicle using dexamethasone 21-phosphate (Dp21) as a model drug. NMR techniques including (1)H NMR and 2D NOE NMR were used to characterize the host-guest chemistry of acetylated dendrimer/Dp21 and cationic dendrimer/Dp21 complexes. The pH-dependent micellization, complexation, and inclusion behaviors of Dp21 were observed in the presence of acetylated and cationic PAMAM dendrimers. Acetylated dendrimer only encapsulates Dp21 at acidic conditions, while cationic dendrimer can host Dp21 at both acidic and neutral conditions. The orientation of Dp21 molecules in the dendrimer cavities depends on the quaternization degree of tertiary amine groups of dendrimer and the protonation ratio of phosphate group of Dp21. A distinctive pH-dependent release behavior of Dp21 from the acetylated and nonacetylated dendritic matrix was observed: Dp21 exhibits a much slower release rate from acetylated dendrimer at lower pH conditions and a much faster release rate from nonacetylated dendrimer with decreasing pH values. Cytotoxicity studies further confirmed the biocompatibility of acetylated dendrimers, which are much safer in the delivery of therapeutics for the treatment of various diseases than nonacetylated dendrimers. The dendrimer-drug binding and release mechanisms provide a new insight for the design and optimization of biocompatible dendrimer-based drug delivery systems. © 2011 American Chemical Society

Optical Coherence Tomography Substudy of A Prospective Multicenter Randomized Post-Market Trial to Assess the Safety and Effectiveness of the Firehawk™ Rapamycin Target Eluting Cobalt Chromium Coronary Stent System for the Treatment of Atherosclerotic Lesions: TARGET All Comers.

PubMed

Baumbach, Andreas; Lansky, Alexandra J; Onuma, Yoshi; Asano, Taku; Johnson, Thomas; Anderson, Richard; Kiemeneij, Ferdinand; Zheng, Ming; Van Royen, Niels; Slagboom, Ton; Vlachojannis, Georg; Xu, Bo; Serruys, Patrick; Wijns, William

2018-06-12

Durable polymer drug-eluting stents (DP DES) may contribute to persistent inflammation, delayed endothelial healing and subsequent late DES thrombosis. The aim of this Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) sub-study was to compare healing and neointimal coverage of a novel bioabsorbable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent (FIREHAWK®) (BP DES) versus the DP DES (XIENCE) at 90 days in an all comers patient population. The TARGET All Comers study is a prospective multicenter randomised post-market trial of 1656 patients randomised 1:1 to FIREHAWK or XIENCE at 21 centers in 10 European countries. The TARGET OCT sub-study enrolled 36 consecutive patients with 52 lesions at 6 centers proficient in OCT. Follow-up OCT was performed at 3 months or prior to revascularisation when occurring before the 3-month window. The substudy was designed for non-inferiority of the primary endpoint of neointimal thickness. At follow-up, the mean neointimal thickness by OCT (52 lesions, Firehawk, n=24; Xience, n=28), was not significantly different between groups (Firehawk 75.5μm vs Xience V 82.3 μm) meeting the primary endpoint of non-inferiority (Pnoninferiority<0.001). The percentage of stent strut coverage was high in both groups (strut level: 99.9% ± 0.3 vs 100% ± 0.1, p=0.26), and the proportion of malapposed struts (1.0±1.6% vs. 1.2±2.0%, p=0.51) was low in both groups. Based on OCT, the FIREHAWK BP DES has a similar healing response 3 months after implantation compared to the DP DES, with near complete strut coverage, moderate neointima formation and minimal strut malapposition.

Can the watershed non-point phosphorus pollution be interpreted by critical soil properties? A new insight of different soil P states.

PubMed

Lin, Chen; Ma, Ronghua; Xiong, Junfeng

2018-07-01

The physicochemical properties of surface soil play a key role in the fate of watershed non-point source pollution. Special emphasis is needed to identify soil properties that are sensitive to both particulate P (PP) pollution and dissolved P (DP) pollution, which is essential for watershed environmental management. The Chaohu Lake basin, a typical eutrophic lake in China, was selected as the study site. The spatial features of the Non-point Source (NPS) PP loads and DP loads were calculated simultaneously based on the integration of sediment delivery distributed model (SEDD) and pollution loads (PLOAD) model. Then several critical physicochemical soil properties, especially various soil P compositions, were innovatively introduced to determine the response of the critical soil properties to NPS P pollution. The findings can be summarized: i) the mean PP load value of the different sub-basins was 5.87 kg, and PP pollution is regarded to be the primary NPS P pollution state, while the DP loads increased rapidly under the rapid urbanization process. ii) iron-bound phosphorus (Fe-P) and aluminum-bound phosphorus (Al-P) are the main components of available P and showed the most sensitive responses to NPS PP pollution, and the correlation coefficients were approximately 0.9. Otherwise, the residual phosphorus (Res-P) was selected as a sensitive soil P state that was significantly negatively correlated with the DP loads. iii) The DP and PP concentrations were represented differently when they were correlated with various soil properties, and the clay proportion was strongly negatively related to the PP loads. Meanwhile, there is a non-linear relationship between the DP loads and the critical soil properties, such as Fe and Total Nitrogen (TN) concentrations. Specifically, a strong inhibitory effect of TN concentration on the DP load was apparent in the Nanfei river (NF) and Paihe (PH) river basins where the R 2 reached 0.67, which contrasts with the relatively poor relationship within the other five basins. In addition, the degree of correlation between the Fe and DP loads severely degraded in the basins that were mostly covered by construction land or those that underwent a rapid urbanization process. The findings indicate that land use/cover change (LUCC), especially the distribution of agricultural land and construction land, as well as the soil background information (TN, Fe and Soil organic matters, etc.) can be considered as factors that influence NPS P pollution. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Characterization of anthropogenic impacts in a large urban center by examining the spatial distribution of halogenated flame retardants.

PubMed

Wei, Yan-Li; Bao, Lian-Jun; Wu, Chen-Chou; Zeng, Eddy Y

2016-08-01

Anthropogenic impacts have continuously intensified in mega urban centers with increasing urbanization and growing population. The spatial distribution pattern of such impacts can be assessed with soil halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) as HFRs are mostly derived from the production and use of various consumer products. In the present study, soil samples were collected from the Pearl River Delta (PRD), a large urbanized region in southern China, and its surrounding areas and analyzed for a group of HFRs, i.e., polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), decabromodiphenyl ethane, bis(hexachlorocyclopentadieno)cyclooctane (DP) and hexabromobenzene. The sum concentrations of HFRs and PBDEs were in the ranges of 0.66-6500 and 0.37-5700 (mean: 290 and 250) ng g(-1) dry weight, respectively, around the middle level of the global range. BDE-209 was the predominant compound likely due to the huge amounts of usage and its persistence. The concentrations of HFRs were greater in the land-use types of residency, industry and landfill than in agriculture, forestry and drinking water source, and were also greater in the central PRD than in its surrounding areas. The concentrations of HFRs were moderately significantly (r(2) = 0.32-0.57; p < 0.05) correlated with urbanization levels, population densities and gross domestic productions in fifteen administrative districts. The spatial distribution of DP isomers appeared to be stereoselective as indicated by the similarity in the spatial patterns for the ratio of anti-DP versus the sum of DP isomers (fanti-DP) and DP concentrations. Finally, the concentrations of HFRs sharply decreased with increasing distance from an e-waste recycling site, indicating that e-waste derived HFRs largely remained in local soil. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effluent CA 125 concentration in chronic peritoneal dialysis patients: influence of PD duration, peritoneal transport and PD regimen.

PubMed

Fusshöller, Andreas; Grabensee, Bernd; Plum, Jörg

2003-01-01

In terms of the integrity of the peritoneal membrane in peritoneal dialysis (PD), the peritoneal mesothelial cells play a pivotal role since its monolayer constitutes the first line of the peritoneal membrane. Cancer antigen 125 (CA 125) is released by peritoneal mesothelial cells and correlates with the mesothelial cell mass in PD. Since its effluent concentration is easy to determine in chronic PD patients, CA 125 serves as an in vivo marker of biocompatibility. We performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the relation between PD duration, peritoneal transport and the PD regimen (CAPD/CCPD) on effluent CA 125 concentration in 22 chronic PD patients. We compared long-term (>6 months) with short-term PD treatment, patients with high small solute transport properties (MTAC >11 ml/min, d/p ratio of creatinine >0.72) to patients with low small solute transport and CAPD with APD patients. A peritoneal equilibration test was performed with 1.36% glucose. Dialysate/plasma (D/P) ratio and mass transfer area coefficient (MTAC) of creatinine were calculated and the 4-hour effluent concentration of CA 125 was determined. CA 125 tended to be lower in the long-term PD patients and also in APD patients, but statistical significance was missing. Effluent CA 125 was significantly increased in patients with an MTAC of creatinine >11 ml/min (40.2 +/- 11.2 vs. 20.7 +/- 1.2 U/ml) and in patients with a d/p ratio of creatinine >0.72 (48.2 +/- 11.0 vs. 21.6 +/- 1.6 U/ml). CA 125 and the d/p ratio of creatinine were positively correlated (r = 0.68). The positive correlation of CA 125 with peritoneal small solute transport especially in the early phase of PD treatment indicates an initial correlation of the mesothelial cell mass with the peritoneal surface area. A direct relation between the CA 125 concentration and peritoneal transport is unlikely. In our study the CA 125 effluent concentration tended to be lower in long-term PD patients and also in APD patients, possibly indicating a cell depletory influence of the conventional PD fluid. Copyright 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel

Receptors involved in the modulation of guinea pig urinary bladder motility by prostaglandin D2

PubMed Central

Guan, Na N; Svennersten, Karl; de Verdier, Petra J; Wiklund, N Peter; Gustafsson, Lars E

2015-01-01

Background and Purpose We have described a urothelium-dependent release of PGD2-like activity which had inhibitory effects on the motility of guinea pig urinary bladder. Here, we have pharmacologically characterized the receptors involved and localized the sites of PGD2 formation and of its receptors. Experimental Approach In the presence of selective DP and TP receptor antagonists alone or combined, PGD2 was applied to urothelium-denuded diclofenac-treated urinary bladder strips mounted in organ baths. Antibodies against PGD2 synthase and DP1 receptors were used with Western blots and for histochemistry. Key Results PGD2 inhibited nerve stimulation -induced contractions in strips of guinea pig urinary bladder with estimated pIC50 of 7.55 ± 0.15 (n = 13), an effect blocked by the DP1 receptor antagonist BW-A868C. After blockade of DP1 receptors, PGD2 enhanced the contractions, an effect abolished by the TP receptor antagonist SQ-29548. Histochemistry revealed strong immunoreactivity for PGD synthase in the urothelium/suburothelium with strongest reaction in the suburothelium. Immunoreactive DP1 receptors were found in the smooth muscle of the bladder wall with a dominant localization to smooth muscle membranes. Conclusions and Implications In guinea pig urinary bladder, the main effect of PGD2 is an inhibitory action via DP1 receptors localized to the smooth muscle, but an excitatory effect via TP receptors can also be evoked. The urothelium with its suburothelium might signal to the smooth muscle which is rich in PGD2 receptors of the DP1 type. The results are important for our understanding of regulation of bladder motility. PMID:25917171

Assessment of community-level effects of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in schoolchildren in Jinja, Uganda (START-IPT trial): a cluster-randomised trial.

PubMed

Staedke, Sarah G; Maiteki-Sebuguzi, Catherine; Rehman, Andrea M; Kigozi, Simon P; Gonahasa, Samuel; Okiring, Jaffer; Lindsay, Steve W; Kamya, Moses R; Chandler, Clare I R; Dorsey, Grant; Drakeley, Chris

2018-06-01

Intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) is a well established malaria control intervention. Evidence that delivering IPT to schoolchildren could provide community-level benefits is limited. We did a cluster-randomised controlled trial to assess the effect of IPT of primary schoolchildren with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) on indicators of malaria transmission in the community, in Jinja, Uganda. We included 84 clusters, each comprising one primary school and the 100 closest available households. The clusters were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive IPT with DP or standard care (control) by restricted randomisation to ensure balance by geography and school type. Children in intervention schools received IPT monthly for up to six rounds (June to December, 2014). We did cross-sectional community surveys in randomly selected households at baseline and in January to April, 2015, during which we measured participants' temperatures and obtained finger-prick blood smears for measurement of parasite prevalence by microscopy. We also did entomological surveys 1 night per month in households from 20 randomly selected IPT and 20 control clusters. The primary trial outcome was parasite prevalence in the final community survey. The primary entomological survey outcome was the annual entomological inoculation rate (aEIR) from July, 2014, to April, 2015. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02009215. Among 23 280 students registered in the 42 intervention schools, 10 079 (43%) aged 5-20 years were enrolled and received at least one dose of DP. 9286 (92%) of 10 079 received at least one full course of DP (three doses). Community-level parasite prevalence was lower in the intervention clusters than in the control clusters (19% vs 23%, adjusted risk ratio 0·85, 95% CI 0·73-1·00, p=0·05). The aEIR was lower in the intervention group than in the control group, but not significantly so (10·1 vs 15·2 infective bites per person, adjusted incidence rate ratio 0·80, 95% CI 0·36-1·80, p=0·59). IPT of schoolchildren with DP might have a positive effect on community-level malaria indicators and be operationally feasible. Studies with greater IPT coverage are needed. UK Medical Research Council, UK Department for International Development, and Wellcome Trust. Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Randomized Controlled Trial of Daily Text Messages to Support Adherence to Preexposure Prophylaxis in Individuals at Risk for Human Immunodeficiency Virus: The TAPIR Study.

PubMed

Moore, David J; Jain, Sonia; Dubé, Michael P; Daar, Eric S; Sun, Xiaoying; Young, Jason; Corado, Katya; Ellorin, Eric; Milam, Joel; Collins, Deborah; Blumenthal, Jill; Best, Brookie M; Anderson, Peter; Haubrich, Richard; Morris, Sheldon R

2018-05-02

Adherence is critical for efficacy of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (FTC) as preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Between February 2013 and February 2016, 398 men who have sex with men and transgender women were randomized 1:1 to receive individualized texting for adherence building (iTAB) or standard care (SoC) for 48 weeks. The primary endpoint was dried blood spot (DBS) tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) concentrations at both week 12 and the last on-drug visit of >719 fmol/punch (ie, adequate adherence). Secondary outcomes included DBS TFV-DP concentrations of >1246 fmol/punch (ie, near-perfect adherence) and plasma FTC >350 ng/mL (consistent with dosing within the past 24 hours). Concentrations >719 fmol/punch of TFV-DP were found in 88.6% of participants at week 12 and 82.5% at week 48. For the primary endpoint, the study arms did not differ (72.0% in iTAB and 69.2% in SoC; P > .05). For the secondary composite endpoint of >1246 fmol/punch the iTAB arm was superior to SoC (33.5% vs 24.8%; P = .06), reaching statistical significance when adjusting for age (odds ratio, 1.56 [95% confidence interval, 1.00-2.42]; P < .05). At week 48, iTAB was superior to SoC for near-perfect adherence (51.0% vs 37.4%; P = .02). At week 12, iTAB was superior to SoC for dosing in past 24 hours by plasma FTC (47.5% vs 33.3%; P = .007), but not at weeks 24, 36, and 48 (all P > .05). Automated text messaging is a low-burden tool that improves durability of near-perfect PrEP adherence. NCT01761643.

l-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate promotes elongation of hair shafts via the secretion of insulin-like growth factor-1 from dermal papilla cells through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.

PubMed

Kwack, M H; Shin, S H; Kim, S R; Im, S U; Han, I S; Kim, M K; Kim, J C; Sung, Y K

2009-06-01

l-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (Asc 2-P), a derivative of l-ascorbic acid, promotes elongation of hair shafts in cultured human hair follicles and induces hair growth in mice. To investigate whether the promotion of hair growth by Asc 2-P is mediated by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and, if so, to investigate the mechanism of the Asc 2-P-induced IGF-1 expression. Dermal papilla (DP) cells were cultured and IGF-1 level was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after Asc 2-P treatment in the absence or presence of LY294002, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor. Also, hair shaft elongation in cultured human scalp hair follicles and proliferation of cocultured keratinocytes were examined after Asc 2-P treatment in the absence or presence of neutralizing antibody against IGF-1. In addition, keratinocyte proliferation in cultured hair follicles after Asc 2-P treatment in the absence or presence of LY294002 was examined by Ki-67 immunostaining. IGF-1 mRNA in DP cells was upregulated and IGF-1 protein in the conditioned medium of DP cells was significantly increased after treatment with Asc 2-P. Immunohistochemical staining showed that IGF-1 staining is increased in the DP of cultured human hair follicles by Asc 2-P. The neutralizing antibody against IGF-1 significantly suppressed the Asc 2-P-mediated elongation of hair shafts in hair follicle organ culture and significantly attenuated Asc 2-P-induced growth of cocultured keratinocytes. LY294002 significantly attenuated Asc 2-P-inducible IGF-1 expression and proliferation of follicular keratinocytes in cultured hair follicles. These data show that Asc 2-P-inducible IGF-1 from DP cells promotes proliferation of follicular keratinocytes and stimulates hair follicle growth in vitro via PI3K.

Detached and distracted: ERP correlates of altered attentional function in depersonalisation.

PubMed

Schabinger, Nadine; Gillmeister, Helge; Berti, Stefan; Michal, Matthias; Beutel, Manfred E; Adler, Julia

2018-04-01

Depersonalisation (DP) is a psychological condition marked by feelings of disembodiment. In everyday life, it is frequently associated with concentration problems. The present study used visual event-related potentials (ERPs) in a Posner-type spatial cueing task with valid, invalid and spatially neutral cues to delineate the potential neurophysiological correlates of these concentration problems. Altered attentional functioning at early, sensory stages was found in DP patients but not in anxiety- and depression-matched psychosomatic patients without DP. Specifically, DP was associated with decreased suppression of stimuli at unattended locations, shown as absent processing costs for invalidly versus neutrally cued stimuli over P1 (135-150 ms). Attentional benefits at N1, and all attentional effects at later, cognitive processing stages (P2-N2, P3) were similar in both groups. We propose that this insufficient early suppression of unattended stimuli may result from atypical sensory gain control in DP. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Parameter Study for Optimizing the Mass of a Space Nuclear Power System Radiation Shield

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-03-01

long been selected as the best choice for neutron shielding of a SNPS [ 3 :24-30]. The low atomic number of both lithium and hydrogen allows...Integer :: missed(1:nBatches) Real(dp), Dimension(1: 3 ) :: r1, r2, omegaHat Real(dp) :: Radius1, Radius2, z1, z2, xi, omega , rFrac Real(dp) :: pAvg... 3 Motivation

Depurinized milk downregulates rat thymus MyD88/Akt/p38 function, NF-κB-mediated inflammation, caspase-1 activity but not the endonuclease pathway: in vitro/in vivo study.

PubMed

Kocic, Gordana; Veljkovic, Andrej; Kocic, Hristina; Colic, Miodrag; Mihajlovic, Dusan; Tomovic, Katarina; Stojanovic, Svetlana; Smelcerovic, Andrija

2017-02-08

The aim of this study was the evaluation of 15 days dietary regimen of depurinized (DP) milk (obtained using our patented technological procedures) or 1.5% fat UHT milk instead of standard chow diet, on rat thymus and bone marrow MyD88/Akt/p38, NF-κB, caspase-1 and endonuclease pathways, in relation to peripheral blood cell composition. To determine whether the reduced mass of the thymus is a consequence of the direct effect of DP/UHT milk on apoptosis of thymocytes, in vitro Annexin-V-FITC/PI assay was performed. Significant decreases in the thymus wet weight, thymocyte MyD88, Akt-1/phospho-Akt-1 kinase, p38/phospho-p38, NF-κB, caspase-1 activity and CD4+/CD8+ antigen expression were obtained, especially in the DP milk group. The activity of thymocyte alkaline and acid DNase increased in the DP but not in the UHT milk group. The level of IL-6 significantly decreased in DP milk treated group, while the level of total TGF-β and IL-6 increased in UHT milk group. Significant differences in hematological parameters were obtained in commercial milk fed group. Observed results about prevention of experimental diabetes in DP pretreated groups may suggest that purine compounds, uric acid and other volatile toxic compounds of commercial milk may suppress oral tolerance, probably via IL-6 and TGF-β cytokine effects.

Universality-class crossover by a nonorder field introduced to the pair contact process with diffusion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, Su-Chan

2017-09-01

The one-dimensional pair contact process with diffusion (PCPD), an interacting particle system with diffusion, pair annihilation, and creation by pairs, has defied consensus about the universality class to which it belongs. An argument by Hinrichsen [Physica A 361, 457 (2006), 10.1016/j.physa.2005.06.101] claims that freely diffusing particles in the PCPD should play the same role as frozen particles when it comes to the critical behavior. Therefore, the PCPD is claimed to have the same critical phenomena as a model with infinitely many absorbing states that belongs to the directed percolation (DP) universality class. To investigate if diffusing particles are really indistinguishable from frozen particles in the sense of the renormalization group, we study numerically a variation of the PCPD by introducing a nonorder field associated with infinitely many absorbing states. We find that a crossover from the PCPD to DP occurs due to the nonorder field. By studying a similar model, we exclude the possibility that the mere introduction of a nonorder field to one model can entail a nontrivial crossover to another model in the same universality class, thus we attribute the observed crossover to the difference of the universality class of the PCPD from the DP class.

Simultaneous determination of andrographolide, dehydroandrographolide and neoandrographolide in dog plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application to a dog pharmacokinetic study of Andrographis paniculata tablet.

PubMed

Xu, Fang-fang; Fu, Shu-jun; Gu, Sheng-pan; Wang, Zhi-min; Wang, Zhen-zhong; He, Xin; Xiao, Wei

2015-05-15

In this study, a sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated to simultaneously determinate andrographolide (AP), dehydroandrographolide (DP), and neoandrographolide (NP) in plasma of beagle dogs after oral administration of Andrographis paniculata tablet (A. paniculata). The analytes and bilobalide (internal standard) were separated on an Agilent ZORBAX XDB-C18 column (50mm×2.1mm, 3.5μm) by using gradient elution consisting of methanol and water at a flow rate of 0.50mL/min in 7min. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was performed to quantify data under monitoring precursor-product ion transitions of m/z 348.8→286.9, 330.9→107.9, 479.1→160.8 and 325.0→163.0 for AP, DP, NP and internal standard (IS) at negative ion mode, respectively. This method was developed at linearity ranging from 0.50 to 250ng/mL for AP, 1.00 to 500ng/mL for DP and 0.20 to 100ng/mL for NP. The accuracy of each analyte ranged between 94.8% and 107.1% and the precision was within 14.6%. No significant matrix effect was observed. AP, DP and NP were stable during sample storage, preparation and analytic procedures. Furthermore, this method was successfully applied in the investigation of the pharmacokinetic profile of AP, DP and NP in beagle dogs after oral administration of A. paniculata tablet (49.5mg for AP, 7.0mg for DP, 22.0mg for NP). Biological half-life (t1/2) was 2.08±0.99, 3.13±1.19 and 1.07±0.38h for AP, DP and NP, respectively. The areas under curves (AUC0-t) of AP, DP and NP was 494.50±150.64, 26.01±8.72 and 78.78±18.29ngh/mL, respectively. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Comparing sports vision among three groups of soft tennis adolescent athletes: Normal vision, refractive errors with and without correction

PubMed Central

Chang, Shih-Tsun; Liu, Yen-Hsiu; Lee, Jiahn-Shing; See, Lai-Chu

2015-01-01

Background: The effect of correcting static vision on sports vision is still not clear. Aim: To examine whether sports vision (depth perception [DP], dynamic visual acuity [DVA], eye movement [EM], peripheral vision [PV], and momentary vision [MV],) were different among soft tennis adolescent athletes with normal vision (Group A), with refractive error and corrected with (Group B) and without eyeglasses (Group C). Setting and Design: A cross-section study was conducted. Soft tennis athletes aged 10–13 who played softball tennis for 2–5 years, and who were without any ocular diseases and without visual training for the past 3 months were recruited. Materials and Methods: DPs were measured in an absolute deviation (mm) between a moving rod and fixing rod (approaching at 25 mm/s, receding at 25 mm/s, approaching at 50 mm/s, receding at 50 mm/s) using electric DP tester. A smaller deviation represented better DP. DVA, EM, PV, and MV were measured on a scale from 1 (worse) to 10 (best) using ATHLEVISION software. Statistical Analysis: Chi-square test and Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the data among the three study groups. Results: A total of 73 athletes (37 in Group A, 8 in Group B, 28 in Group C) were enrolled in this study. All four items of DP showed significant difference among the three study groups (P = 0.0051, 0.0004, 0.0095, 0.0021). PV displayed significant difference among the three study groups (P = 0.0044). There was no significant difference in DVA, EM, and MV among the three study groups. Conclusions: Significant better DP and PV were seen among soft tennis adolescent athletes with normal vision than those with refractive error regardless whether they had eyeglasses corrected. On the other hand, DVA, EM, and MV were similar among the three study groups. PMID:26632127

Evolutionary transition of dental formula in Late Cretaceous eutherian mammals.

PubMed

Averianov, Alexander O; Archibald, J David

2015-10-01

Kulbeckia kulbecke, stem placental mammal from the Late Cretaceous of Uzbekistan, shows a transitional stage of evolution in the dental formula from five to four premolars. A non-replaced dP3/dp3 may occur as individual variation. In other specimens, the lower premolars are crowded with no space for development of dp3. As is evident from the CT scanning of one juvenile specimen, the development of dp3 started in a late ontogenetic stage and was confined to the pulp cavity of the developing p2. This dp3 would have been resorbed in a later ontogenetic stage, as the roots of p2 formed. The initial stage of reduction of the third premolar can be traced to stem therians (Juramaia and Eomaia), which have both dP3 and P3 present in the adult dentition. Further delay in the development of dP3/dp3 led to the loss of the permanent P3/p3 (a possible synapomorphy for Eutheria). The dP3/dp3 was present during most of the adult stages in the Late Cretaceous stem placentals Zhelestidae and Gypsonictops. This tooth is totally absent in basal taxa of Placentalia, which normally have at most four premolars.

Closure of the pancreas in distal pancreatectomy: comparison between bare stapler and reinforced stapler.

PubMed

Kurahara, Hiroshi; Maemura, Kosei; Mataki, Yuko; Sakoda, Masahiko; Iino, Satoshi; Hiwatashi, Kiyokazu; Ishigami, Sumiya; Ueno, Shinichi; Shinchi, Hiroyuki; Natsugoe, Shoji

2014-01-01

Pancreatic fistula (PF) is a major complication after distal pancreatectomy (DP). Popularization of laparoscopic surgery for DP has promoted the use of stapler for transection and closing of the pancreas. We reviewed the medical records of 50 consecutive patients who underwent DP with stapler. Patients were divided into 2 groups: bare stapler (n=36) and reinforced stapler (n=14). We assessed the incidence of postoperative PF, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and intra-abdominal fluid collection on postoperative day 7. The numbers of patients who developed grade A, grade B, and grade C PF were 17 (34%), 6 (12%), and 0, respectively. The incidence of postoperative PF was significantly lower in the reinforced stapler group (p=0.017). None of the patients in the reinforced stapler group developed grade B PF. Patients in the bare stapler group showed significantly higher incidence of postoperative SIRS (p=0.046), more extensive fluid collection (p=0.020), and longer postoperative hospital stay (p=0.023). Decreased leakage of postoperative pancreatic juice into the abdominal cavity associated with the usage of the reinforced stapler may lead to reduced inflammatory reaction, low incidence of PF, and early hospital discharge.

Effects of gestation and transition diets, piglet birth weight, and fasting time on depletion of glycogen pools in liver and 3 muscles of newborn piglets.

PubMed

Theil, P K; Cordero, G; Henckel, P; Puggaard, L; Oksbjerg, N; Sørensen, M T

2011-06-01

The experiment was conducted to assess the effects of maternal nutrition in late gestation on glycogen pools of newborn piglets of different birth weights and to assess how rapidly the glycogen pools in the liver and 3 muscles are mobilized during fasting. Until d 108 of gestation, 48 sows were fed a gestation standard diet (GSD) with low dietary fiber (DF, 17.1%), or 1 of 3 diets with high DF (32.3 to 40.4%) consisting of pectin residue (GPR), potato pulp (GPP), or sugar-beet pulp (GSP). From d 108 until farrowing, sows were fed 1 of 6 transition diets with low or high dietary fat: one group received a standard diet (TSD; control) containing 3% animal fat, another group received the TSD diet + 2.5 g/d of hydroxy-methyl butyrate as topdressing (THB), and 4 other groups received diets with 8% added fat from coconut oil (TCO), sunflower oil (TSO), fish oil (TFO), or 4% octanoic acid + 4% fish oil (TOA). Two piglets per litter (the second and fifth born) were blood sampled, and 1 was killed immediately after birth, whereas the other, depending on the litter, was killed after 12, 24, or 28.5 to 36 h (mean 32.5 h) of fasting. Samples of liver, LM, M. semimembranousus (SM), and M. diaphragm (DP) were collected and analyzed for glycogen concentration. No dietary effects (P > 0.20) on glycogen concentrations in liver, LM, SM, or DP were observed. The weight of the liver was affected by gestation diet (P < 0.05) and was greater in GSD and GSP piglets (36.7 and 36.3 g) than in GPR piglets (32.6 g), and intermediate (33.6 g) in GPP piglets. Liver weight, estimated muscle mass, and glycogen pools (P < 0.001) were affected by birth weight, whereas glycogen concentrations in liver and LM, SM, and DP muscles were not (P > 0.05). Liver weight; glycogen concentrations in liver, LM, SM, and DP; and glycogen pools in liver and muscles decreased (P < 0.001) with increasing duration of fasting, and at 32.5 h of fasting, glycogen concentration was reduced by 80% in liver, 64% in DP, 46% in SM, and 36% in LM. Based on a broken-line model, labile glycogen in SM, a locomotory muscle, was estimated to be depleted after 16.4 h of fasting. In conclusion, piglet size had a major impact on estimated glycogen pools, whereas sow nutrition in late gestation had a minor impact, if any. Furthermore, varying proportions of pools of glycogen present in liver and selected muscles were mobilized, and data indicate that newborn piglets are fatally depleted of energy after 16 h of fasting.

Usage of drip drops as stimuli in an auditory P300 BCI paradigm.

PubMed

Huang, Minqiang; Jin, Jing; Zhang, Yu; Hu, Dewen; Wang, Xingyu

2018-02-01

Recently, many auditory BCIs are using beeps as auditory stimuli, while beeps sound unnatural and unpleasant for some people. It is proved that natural sounds make people feel comfortable, decrease fatigue, and improve the performance of auditory BCI systems. Drip drop is a kind of natural sounds that makes humans feel relaxed and comfortable. In this work, three kinds of drip drops were used as stimuli in an auditory-based BCI system to improve the user-friendness of the system. This study explored whether drip drops could be used as stimuli in the auditory BCI system. The auditory BCI paradigm with drip-drop stimuli, which was called the drip-drop paradigm (DP), was compared with the auditory paradigm with beep stimuli, also known as the beep paradigm (BP), in items of event-related potential amplitudes, online accuracies and scores on the likability and difficulty to demonstrate the advantages of DP. DP obtained significantly higher online accuracy and information transfer rate than the BP ( p  < 0.05, Wilcoxon signed test; p  < 0.05, Wilcoxon signed test). Besides, DP obtained higher scores on the likability with no significant difference on the difficulty ( p  < 0.05, Wilcoxon signed test). The results showed that the drip drops were reliable acoustic materials as stimuli in an auditory BCI system.

A Shared Genetic Basis for Self-Limited Delayed Puberty and Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism

PubMed Central

Zhu, Jia; Choa, Ruth E.-Y.; Guo, Michael H.; Plummer, Lacey; Buck, Cassandra; Palmert, Mark R.; Hirschhorn, Joel N.; Seminara, Stephanie B.

2015-01-01

Context: Delayed puberty (DP) is a common issue and, in the absence of an underlying condition, is typically self limited. Alhough DP seems to be heritable, no specific genetic cause for DP has yet been reported. In contrast, many genetic causes have been found for idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH), a rare disorder characterized by absent or stalled pubertal development. Objective: The objective of this retrospective study, conducted at academic medical centers, was to determine whether variants in IHH genes contribute to the pathogenesis of DP. Subjects and Outcome Measures: Potentially pathogenic variants in IHH genes were identified in two cohorts: 1) DP family members of an IHH proband previously found to have a variant in an IHH gene, with unaffected family members serving as controls, and 2) DP individuals with no family history of IHH, with ethnically matched control subjects drawn from the Exome Aggregation Consortium. Results: In pedigrees with an IHH proband, the proband's variant was shared by 53% (10/19) of DP family members vs 12% (4/33) of unaffected family members (P = .003). In DP subjects with no family history of IHH, 14% (8/56) had potentially pathogenic variants in IHH genes vs 5.6% (1 907/33 855) of controls (P = .01). Potentially pathogenic variants were found in multiple DP subjects for the genes IL17RD and TAC3. Conclusions: These findings suggest that variants in IHH genes can contribute to the pathogenesis of self-limited DP. Thus, at least in some cases, self-limited DP shares an underlying pathophysiology with IHH. PMID:25636053

A Unified Approach to UXO Discrimination Using the Method of Auxiliary Sources

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-10-12

0 and is sin(mφ) for p = 1, bpmn the spheroidal expansion coefficients. Eq. (2.1) is a decomposition of a primary magnetic potential into a number of...spheroidal expansion coefficients bpmn can be derived as bpmn = − 2n+ 1 γπH0dP ′mn (ξ0) (n−m)! (n+m)! ∫ 1 −1 Pmn (η)hξ ∫ 2π 0 Hprξ (η, ξ0, φ)Tpm(φ)dφdη...the object’s response for each pmn excitation mode (Chen et al., 2004; Sun et al., 2005), i.e., Hsc(r) = M ∑ m=0 N ∑ n=m 1 ∑ p=0 bpmn Nq ∑ i=1 qpmni G

Cow characteristics and their association with udder health after different dry period lengths.

PubMed

van Hoeij, R J; Lam, T J G M; de Koning, D B; Steeneveld, W; Kemp, B; van Knegsel, A T M

2016-10-01

Shortening or omitting the dry period (DP) in dairy cows is of interest because of potential beneficial effects on energy balance and metabolic health. Reported effects of a short or omitted dry period on udder health are ambiguous. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of no DP (0d), a short DP (30d), or a conventional DP (60 d) on the occurrence of intramammary infections (IMI) during the precalving period and on somatic cell counts (SCC), elevations of SCC (SCC≥200,000 cells/mL), and clinical mastitis in the subsequent lactation. The study also aimed to analyze which prepartum cow characteristics are associated with udder health after different DP lengths. Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (n=167) were randomly assigned to a DP length (0, 30, or 60 d). Cows with a 0-d DP had a greater occurrence of chronic IMI and a lower occurrence of cured IMI during the precalving period than cows with a 30-d or 60-d DP. Postpartum average SCC for lactation was greater in cows with a 0-d DP than in cows with a 30-d or 60-d DP. The number of cows with at least 1 elevation of SCC, the number of elevations of SCC per affected cow, the number of cows treated for clinical mastitis, and the number of cases of mastitis per affected cow did not differ among DP lengths. Cow characteristics related to postpartum average SCC for lactation were DP length, parity, and the following interactions: DP length with prepartum elevation of SCC, DP length with fat- and protein-corrected milk (FPCM) reduction between 150 and 67d prepartum, DP length with parity and with average SCC for lactation, and last FPCM before the conventional drying-off day with average SCC for lactation. Cows with prepartum parity 1 had a lower occurrence of at least 1 elevation of SCC in subsequent lactation compared with cows with parity >2. Last SCC before the conventional drying-off day was positively associated with occurrence of clinical mastitis in the subsequent lactation. In this study, DP length was not a risk factor for either elevation of SCC or occurrence of clinical mastitis in the subsequent lactation. The identified cow characteristics could be used in a decision support model to optimize DP length for individual cows. Copyright © 2016 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Determination of n-octanol/water partition coefficient for DDT-related compounds by RP-HPLC with a novel dual-point retention time correction.

PubMed

Han, Shu-ying; Qiao, Jun-qin; Zhang, Yun-yang; Yang, Li-li; Lian, Hong-zhen; Ge, Xin; Chen, Hong-yuan

2011-03-01

n-Octanol/water partition coefficients (P) for DDTs and dicofol were determined by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) on a C(18) column using methanol-water mixture as mobile phase. A dual-point retention time correction (DP-RTC) was proposed to rectify chromatographic retention time (t(R)) shift resulted from stationary phase aging. Based on this correction, the relationship between logP and logk(w), the logarithm of the retention factor extrapolated to pure water, was investigated for a set of 12 benzene homologues and DDT-related compounds with reliable experimental P as model compounds. A linear regression logP=(1.10±0.04) logk(w) - (0.60±0.17) was established with correlation coefficient R(2) of 0.988, cross-validated correlation coefficient R(cv)(2) of 0.983 and standard deviation (SD) of 0.156. This model was further validated using four verification compounds, naphthalene, biphenyl, 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethane (p,p'-DDD) and 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene (p,p'-DDE) with similar structure to DDT. The RP-HPLC-determined P values showed good consistency with shake-flask (SFM) or slow-stirring (SSM) results, especially for highly hydrophobic compounds with logP in the range of 4-7. Then, the P values for five DDT-related compounds, 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (o,p'-DDT), 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethane (o,p'-DDD), 2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethene (o,p'-DDE), and 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethanol (dicofol) and its main degradation product 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone (p,p'-DBP) were evaluated by the improved RP-HPLC method for the first time. The excellent precision with SD less than 0.03 proved that the novel DP-RTC protocol can significantly increases the determination accuracy and reliability of P by RP-HPLC. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effect of drainage on CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes from aquaculture ponds during winter in a subtropical estuary of China.

PubMed

Yang, Ping; Lai, Derrick Y F; Huang, Jia F; Tong, Chuan

2018-03-01

Aquaculture ponds are dominant features of the landscape in the coastal zone of China. Generally, aquaculture ponds are drained during the non-culture period in winter. However, the effects of such drainage on the production and flux of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from aquaculture ponds are largely unknown. In the present study, field-based research was performed to compare the GHG fluxes between one drained pond (DP, with a water depth of 0.05m) and one undrained pond (UDP, with a water depth of 1.16m) during one winter in the Min River estuary of southeast China. Over the entire study period, the mean CO 2 flux in the DP was (0.75±0.12) mmol/(m 2 ·hr), which was significantly higher than that in the UDP of (-0.49±0.09) mmol/(m 2 ·hr) (p<0.01). This indicates that drainage drastically transforms aquaculture ponds from a net sink to a net source of CO 2 in winter. Mean CH 4 and N 2 O emissions were significantly higher in the DP compared to those in the UDP (CH 4 =(0.66±0.31) vs. (0.07±0.06) mmol/(m 2 ·hr) and N 2 O=(19.54±2.08) vs. (0.01±0.04) µmol/(m 2 ·hr)) (p<0.01), suggesting that drainage would also significantly enhance CH 4 and N 2 O emissions. Changes in environmental variables (including sediment temperature, pH, salinity, redox status, and water depth) contributed significantly to the enhanced GHG emissions following pond drainage. Furthermore, analysis of the sustained-flux global warming and cooling potentials indicated that the combined global warming potentials of the GHG fluxes were significantly higher in the DP than in the UDP (p<0.01), with values of 739.18 and 26.46mgCO 2 -eq/(m 2 ·hr), respectively. Our findings suggested that drainage of aquaculture ponds can increase the emissions of potent GHGs from the coastal zone of China to the atmosphere during winter, further aggravating the problem of global warming. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Dietary patterns and asthma prevalence, incidence and control.

PubMed

Barros, R; Moreira, A; Padrão, P; Teixeira, V H; Carvalho, P; Delgado, L; Lopes, C; Severo, M; Moreira, P

2015-11-01

The increased asthma prevalence in westernized societies has been suggested to be related to environment exposures and lifestyle changes, particularly diet. We aimed to explore the association between dietary patterns and asthma prevalence, incidence and control in a nationally representative population. Data from 32,644 adults, 53% female, from the 4th Portuguese National Health Survey were analysed. Prevalence of asthma was 5.3%; 'current asthma', defined by asthma symptoms within previous year, 3.5%; 'current medicated asthma' defined by use of asthma medication within previous year, 3.0%; 'current severe asthma' defined by emergency visit because of asthma within previous year, 1.4%; and 'incident asthma', 0.2%. Dietary patterns (DP) were identified by latent trait models based on dietary intake. Unconditional logistic regression models were performed to analyse association between DP and asthma. Age, gender, education, family income, proxy reporting information, smoking, body mass index and physical activity level were analysed as confounders. Two of the five identified DP were associated with asthma: 'high fat, sugar and salt' DP (positively correlated with pastry, chocolate and sweet desserts, candies, salty snacks, chips, fruit juices, soft drinks and alcoholic beverages consumption at snacks) was associated with asthma prevalence (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.24) and current severe asthma (OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.48), while 'fish, fruit and vegetables' DP (positively correlated with fish, vegetables and fruit intake at meals) was negatively associated with current (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.73, 0.98), and current medicated asthma (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.72, 0.98), after adjustment for confounders. Our results suggest a protective association between 'fish, vegetables and fruit' DP and current asthma and current medicated asthma, and a detrimental association between 'high fat, sugar and salt' DP and severe asthma prevalence, further supporting the rational for diet and lifestyle intervention studies in asthma based on whole dietary patterns and physical activity. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Effect of pyrazinamide and probenecid on peritoneal urate transport kinetics during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

PubMed

Spaia, S; Magoula, I; Tsapas, G; Vayonas, G

2000-01-01

We administered pyrazinamide (PZA) and probenecid (PB) --two well-known modulators of urate transport via the proximal tubules - to evaluate their impact on urate transport through the peritoneal membrane and to clarify mechanisms affecting peritoneal transport. A continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) unit in 2nd Hospital of IKA (Social Services Institute), Greece. In 20 stable CAPD patients, on the study day, a 4-hour, 2-L, 1.36% glucose exchange was performed (control exchange). Pyrazinamide 3 g was given orally and another identical exchange was performed (study exchange). The same protocol was repeated with 2 g PB. KtN, peritoneal clearances of urea, creatinine, and urate for each exchange, and mass transfer area coefficients (MTAC) for the three solutes and their dialysate-to-plasma concentration (D/P) ratios were used to estimate peritoneal transport. Administration of PZA resulted in decreased clearances and MTAC values for the three solutes. The D/P ratio decreased significantly only for urate, indicating a more intense influence of PZA on urate. After PB administration, clearances of urea, creatinine, and urate were increased. MTAC and DIP ratio increased significantly only for urate (p < 0.05), demonstrating an action similar to that exerted on renal tubules. These findings provide evidence that unrestricted diffusion is not the only transport mechanism in the case of urate, and demonstrate the existence of an active mechanism in peritoneal urate transport with a reabsorptive and, probably, a secretive component that resembles that of renal tubule urate transport. Attention should be given in the case of CAPD patients undergoing antituberculous (PZA) treatment: it might have a negative impact on urea, creatinine, and urate peritoneal transport rates.

Dynamic Decision Making under Uncertainty and Partial Information

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-11-14

integral under the natural filtration generated by the Brownian motions . This compact expression potentially enables us to design sub- optimal penalties...bounds on bermudan option price under jump diffusion processes. Quantitative Finance , 2013. Under review, available at http://arxiv.org/abs/1305.4321... Finance , 19:53 – 71, 2009. [3] D.P. Bertsekas. Dynamic Programming and Optimal Control. Athena Scientific, 4th edition, 2012. [4] D.B. Brown and J.E

100-Gb/s InP DP-IQ modulator for small-form-factor pluggable coherent transceivers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kikuchi, Nobuhiro; Ogiso, Yoshihiro; Yamada, Eiichi

2016-02-01

We developed a compact InP-based DP-IQ modulator for small-form-factor pluggable coherent transceivers. The modulator achieves 112-Gb/s DP-QPSK modulation with a driving voltage of 6 Vppd. In addition, it provides 86-Gb/s DP-16 QAM signal generation and 240-km transmission with negligible degradation of BER performance. The halfwavelength voltage of our recent device is 1.9 V, and a high median extinction ratio of over 32 dB was achieved for more than 1,400 child MZ modulators. We have also proposed an athermal InP-based twin IQ modulator that enables us to use a modulator in a TEC-free operation. It contributes to lowering the power consumption of transceivers. Under a constant driving condition, there is little change in 56-Gb/s x 2 QPSK modulation characteristics in the range of 20 to 80°C.

A plasmid-encoded UmuD homologue regulates expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa SOS genes.

PubMed

Díaz-Magaña, Amada; Alva-Murillo, Nayeli; Chávez-Moctezuma, Martha P; López-Meza, Joel E; Ramírez-Díaz, Martha I; Cervantes, Carlos

2015-07-01

The Pseudomonas aeruginosa plasmid pUM505 contains the umuDC operon that encodes proteins similar to error-prone repair DNA polymerase V. The umuC gene appears to be truncated and its product is probably not functional. The umuD gene, renamed umuDpR, possesses an SOS box overlapped with a Sigma factor 70 type promoter; accordingly, transcriptional fusions revealed that the umuDpR gene promoter is activated by mitomycin C. The predicted sequence of the UmuDpR protein displays 23 % identity with the Ps. aeruginosa SOS-response LexA repressor. The umuDpR gene caused increased MMC sensitivity when transferred to the Ps. aeruginosa PAO1 strain. As expected, PAO1-derived knockout lexA-  mutant PW6037 showed resistance to MMC; however, when the umuDpR gene was transferred to PW6037, MMC resistance level was reduced. These data suggested that UmuDpR represses the expression of SOS genes, as LexA does. To test whether UmuDpR exerts regulatory functions, expression of PAO1 SOS genes was evaluated by reverse transcription quantitative PCR assays in the lexA-  mutant with or without the pUC_umuD recombinant plasmid. Expression of lexA, imuA and recA genes increased 3.4-5.3 times in the lexA-  mutant, relative to transcription of the corresponding genes in the lexA+ strain, but decreased significantly in the lexA- /umuDpR transformant. These results confirmed that the UmuDpR protein is a repressor of Ps. aeruginosa SOS genes controlled by LexA. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays, however, did not show binding of UmuDpR to 5' regions of SOS genes, suggesting an indirect mechanism of regulation.

Functional characterization of a novel β-fructofuranosidase from Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697 on structurally diverse fructans.

PubMed

Ávila-Fernández, Á; Cuevas-Juárez, E; Rodríguez-Alegría, M E; Olvera, C; López-Munguía, A

2016-07-01

In this study, we describe the isolation of a gene encoding a novel β-fructofuranosidase from Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697, and the characterization of the enzyme, the second one found in this strain, significantly different in primary sequence to the already reported bifidobacterial β-fructofuranosidases. The gene, found through genome-mining was expressed in Escherichia coli C41(DE3). The recombinant enzyme (B.longum_l1) has a molecular weight of 75 kDa, with optimal activity at 50°C, pH 6·0-6·5, and a remarkable stability with a half-life of 75·5 h at 50°C. B.longum_l1 has a wide specificity for fructans, hydrolysing all substrates through an exo-type mechanism, including Oligofructose P95 (β2-1 fructooligosaccharides (FOS), DP 2-8), Raftilose Synergy 1(β2-1 FOS & inulin, DP 2-60), Raftiline HP (inulin, DP 2-60), bacterial inulin (3000 kDa) and levan (8·3 & 3500 kDa), Agave fructans (mixed fructans, DP 3-29) and levan-type FOS (β2-6 FOS, DP 2-8), with the highest relative activity and turnover number found for levan-type FOS. The apparent affinity of the enzyme for levan-type FOS and Oligofructose P95 was found to be 9·2 and 4·6 mmol l(-1) (Km ) with a specific activity of 908 and 725 μmol min(-1)  mg(-1) of protein (k2 ), respectively, more than twice the activity for sucrose. B.longum_l1 is a wide substrate specificity enzyme, which may contribute to the competitiveness and persistence of this strain in the colon. The bifidobacterial β-fructofuranosidase activity was evaluated with a wide variety of substrates including noncommercial fructans, such as levan-type and mixed agave fructans. Its activity on these substrates certainly strengthens their commercial prebiotic character and contributes to the understanding of bifidobacteria stimulation by structurally diverse fructans. © 2016 The Society for Applied Microbiology.

3D scanning and 3D printing as innovative technologies for fabricating personalized topical drug delivery systems.

PubMed

Goyanes, Alvaro; Det-Amornrat, Usanee; Wang, Jie; Basit, Abdul W; Gaisford, Simon

2016-07-28

Acne is a multifactorial inflammatory skin disease with high prevalence. In this work, the potential of 3D printing to produce flexible personalised-shape anti-acne drug (salicylic acid) loaded devices was demonstrated by two different 3D printing (3DP) technologies: Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) and stereolithography (SLA). 3D scanning technology was used to obtain a 3D model of a nose adapted to the morphology of an individual. In FDM 3DP, commercially produced Flex EcoPLA™ (FPLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) filaments were loaded with salicylic acid by hot melt extrusion (HME) (theoretical drug loading - 2% w/w) and used as feedstock material for 3D printing. Drug loading in the FPLA-salicylic acid and PCL-salicylic acid 3D printed patches was 0.4% w/w and 1.2% w/w respectively, indicating significant thermal degradation of drug during HME and 3D printing. Diffusion testing in Franz cells using a synthetic membrane revealed that the drug loaded printed samples released <187μg/cm(2) within 3h. FPLA-salicylic acid filament was successfully printed as a nose-shape mask by FDM 3DP, but the PCL-salicylic acid filament was not. In the SLA printing process, the drug was dissolved in different mixtures of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) that were solidified by the action of a laser beam. SLA printing led to 3D printed devices (nose-shape) with higher resolution and higher drug loading (1.9% w/w) than FDM, with no drug degradation. The results of drug diffusion tests revealed that drug diffusion was faster than with the FDM devices, 229 and 291μg/cm(2) within 3h for the two formulations evaluated. In this study, SLA printing was the more appropriate 3D printing technology to manufacture anti-acne devices with salicylic acid. The combination of 3D scanning and 3D printing has the potential to offer solutions to produce personalised drug loaded devices, adapted in shape and size to individual patients. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Hydrogen sulfide upregulates heme oxygenase-1 expression in rats with volume overload-induced heart failure

PubMed Central

ZHANG, CHAO-YING; LI, XIAO-HUI; ZHANG, TING; FU, JIN; CUI, XIAO-DAI

2013-01-01

The present study investigated the role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a novel gaseous transmitter, in chronic heart failure (CHF) induced by left-to-right shunt, leading to volume overload. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: the shunt group, the sham group, the shunt + sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) group and the sham + NaHS group. CHF was induced in the rats by abdominal aorta-inferior vena cava shunt operation. Rats in the shunt + NaHS and sham + NaHS groups were injected intraperitoneally with NaHS (H2S donor). Haemodynamic parameters were measured 8 weeks after surgery. In addition, left ventricular heme oxygenase (HO)-1 mRNA expression was measured by real-time PCR. Protein expression of HO-1 was evaluated by western blot analysis. Eight weeks after surgery, compared to the sham group, the left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and left ventricular peak rate of contraction and relaxation (LV±dp/dtmax) were significantly reduced; the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was significantly increased in the shunt group (all P<0.05). However, NaHS increased LVSP and LV±dp/dtmax (all P<0.05) and decreased LVEDP (P<0.05). Protein expression of HO-1 was significantly decreased in the shunt group compared to that in the sham group (P<0.05). NaHS increased protein expression of HO-1 compared to that in the shunt group (P<0.05). HO-1 mRNA expression was significantly increased in the shunt + NaHS group compared to that in the shunt group (P<0.01). The present study demonstrated that H2S may play a protective role in volume overload-induced CHF by upregulating protein and mRNA expression of HO-1. PMID:24648967

Effects of a cyclic NSAID regimen on levels of gingival crevicular fluid prostaglandin E2and Interleukin-1β: A 6-month randomized controlled clinical trial.

PubMed

Oduncuoglu, B F; Kayar, N A; Haliloglu, S; Serpek, B; Ataoglu, T; Alptekin, N O

2018-05-01

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used for inflammation control and pain relief. However, while the adjunct use of NSAIDs is avoided for periodontal therapy because of related side effects, cyclic administration of NSAIDs may reduce or eliminate these effects. We evaluated the effect of a cyclic diclofenac potassium (DP) regimen on clinical parameters and levels of prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of individuals with periodontitis. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee (2000/071). Forty-one individuals with chronic periodontitis (33 men, 8 women) were divided into two groups (test and control) after initial periodontal therapy. During this 6-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, test (n = 28) and control (n = 13) groups were administered a cyclic regimen of DP (50 mg, twice daily) or placebo. Clinical measurements and GCF sample collections were made at baseline, 2, 4, and 6 months. GCF levels of PGE 2 and IL-1β were determined using enzyme immunoassay and enzyme-linked immunoassay kits, respectively. At baseline, no significant differences existed between groups for plaque indices, gingival indices, bleeding on probing, probing depth (PD), or attachment levels (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, cyclic regimen in the test group suppressed increased levels of PGE 2 found in GCF at the end of the study (P < 0.05). Significant differences for PD and relative attachment gain were also noted in favor of the test group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that a cyclic regimen of DP may be efficacious in the management of chronic periodontitis in adults.

Graphene oxide-P25 photocatalysts for degradation of diphenhydramine pharmaceutical and methyl orange dye

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morales-Torres, Sergio; Pastrana-Martínez, Luisa M.; Figueiredo, José L.; Faria, Joaquim L.; Silva, Adrián M. T.

2013-06-01

Graphene oxide (GO) and the benchmark TiO2 photocatalyst (P25) were used to prepare different composites (GOP), by a simple method of mixing and sonication, varying the GO content and the heat-treatment temperature under nitrogen. The composites were characterized by thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) analyses, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), physical adsorption of nitrogen, UV-Vis and IR diffuse reflectance spectroscopies (DRUV and DRIFT), and point of zero charge (pHPZC) measurements. The morphology, microporosity and SBET of the composites did not vary significantly in comparison to P25, while an increase of their mesoporosity and mesopore diameter were observed due to the formation of GO aggregates coated with P25 nanoparticles. The aggregates were stabilized by the formation of Tisbnd Osbnd C bonds, which in turn produced a narrowing of the band gap relative to P25. The surface chemistry of GOP composites varied with the GO content, being more acidic when higher GO content was used. The photocatalytic performance was evaluated for the degradation of diphenhydramine (DP) pharmaceutical and methyl orange (MO) dye under near-UV/Vis irradiation. The first order rate constant of MO photodegradation increased four times for some GOP composites with relation to P25 (i.e., from k = 52 × 10-3 to 207 × 10-3 min-1). Comparable efficiencies were observed when DP was used as model pollutant (i.e., around k = 54 × 10-3 min-1). The best performing photocatalyst was that containing 1.4 wt.% GO and treated at 200-300 °C. The improved performance was attributed to the reduction of GO during the thermal treatment and to the good contact between the TiO2 and the carbon phases.

Investigation of Complex Angle Processing to Reduce Radome Induced Angle Pointing Errors.

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-10-01

PAfNGv 0 -. 0DIF19DIF2vDELsNO9Dlv2 I -ARG/DL+. o 5 IF (I eE~o 1) 1=2 IF( I r-0,N) I N-1 DIF0=tRG-ANG( 1-1) rO! F3 . -ARG-4N.G(! ) C!F2uARG-ANG( I 41...1) C n0 35 !=2,NL APRPR=APP’wAPERP(I I+SPP*CP.:RP(I) BPI Pr’t.Dp* BPP ’ P( TI +SOP.*op’qp( I! CPRPR=CPP*. PRP(I)+OPP*CP--P(!) APRFAP*APRA(I)+BPRCpR

Delphinidin, a specific inhibitor of histone acetyltransferase, suppresses inflammatory signaling via prevention of NF-{kappa}B acetylation in fibroblast-like synoviocyte MH7A cells

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Seong, Ah-Reum; Yoo, Jung-Yoon; Choi, KyungChul

Highlights: {yields} Delphinidin is a novel inhibitor of p300/CBP histone acetyltransferase. {yields} Delphinidin prevents the hyperacetylation of p65 by inhibiting the HAT activity of p300/CBP. {yields} Delphinidin efficiently suppresses the expression of inflammatory cytokines in MH7A cells via hypoacetylation of NF-{kappa}B. {yields} Delphinidin inhibits cytokine release in the Jurkat T lymphocyte cell line. -- Abstract: Histone acetyltransferase (HAT) inhibitors (HATi) isolated from dietary compounds have been shown to suppress inflammatory signaling, which contributes to rheumatoid arthritis. Here, we identified a novel HATi in Punica granatum L. known as delphinidin (DP). DP did not affect the activity of other epigenetic enzymesmore » (histone deacetylase, histone methyltransferase, or sirtuin1). DP specifically inhibited the HAT activities of p300/CBP. It also inhibited p65 acetylation in MH7A cells, a human rheumatoid arthritis synovial cell line. DP-induced hypoacetylation was accompanied by cytosolic accumulation of p65 and nuclear localization of IKB{alpha}. Accordingly, DP treatment inhibited TNF{alpha}-stimulated increases in NF-{kappa}B function and expression of NF-{kappa}B target genes in these cells. Importantly, DP suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in Jurkat T lymphocytes, demonstrating that HATi efficiently suppresses cytokine-mediated immune responses. Together, these results show that the HATi activity of DP counters anti-inflammatory signaling by blocking p65 acetylation and that this compound may be useful in preventing inflammatory arthritis.« less

Forced degradation studies of lansoprazole using LC-ESI HRMS and 1 H-NMR experiments: in vitro toxicity evaluation of major degradation products.

PubMed

Shankar, G; Borkar, R M; Suresh, U; Guntuku, L; Naidu, V G M; Nagesh, N; Srinivas, R

2017-07-01

Regulatory agencies from all over the world have set up stringent guidelines with regard to drug degradation products due to their toxic effects or carcinogenicity. Lansoprazole, a proton-pump inhibitor, was subjected to forced degradation studies as per ICH guidelines Q1A (R2). The drug was found to degrade under acidic, basic, neutral hydrolysis and oxidative stress conditions, whereas it was found to be stable under thermal and photolytic conditions. The chromatographic separation of the drug and its degradation products were achieved on a Hiber Purospher, C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μ) column using 10 mM ammonium acetate and acetonitrile as a mobile phase in a gradient elution mode at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The eight degradation products (DP1-8) were identified and characterized by UPLC/ESI/HRMS with in-source CID experiments combined with accurate mass measurements. DP-1, DP-2 and DP-3 were formed in acidic, DP-4 in basic, DP-5 in neutral and DP-1, DP-6, DP-7 and DP-8 were in oxidation stress condition Among eight degradation products, five were hitherto unknown degradation products. In addition, one of the major degradation products, DP-2, was isolated by using semi preparative HPLC and other two, DP-6 and DP-7 were synthesized. The cytotoxic effect of these degradation products (DP-2, DP-6 and DP-7) were tested on normal human cells such as HEK 293 (embryonic kidney cells) and RWPE-1(normal prostate epithelial cells) by MTT assay. From the results of cytotoxicity, it was found that lansoprazole as well as its degradation products (DP-2, DP-6 and DP-7) were nontoxic up to 50-μM concentrations, and the latter showed slightly higher cytotoxicity when compared with that of lansoprazole. DNA binding studies using spectroscopic techniques indicate that DP-2, DP-6 and DP-7 molecules interact with ctDNA and may bind to its surface. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Spatial and Vertical Distribution of Dechlorane Plus in Mangrove Sediments of the Pearl River Estuary, South China.

PubMed

Sun, Yu-Xin; Zhang, Zai-Wang; Xu, Xiang-Rong; Hao, Qin-Wei; Hu, Yong-Xia; Zheng, Xiao-Bo; Luo, Xiao-Jun; Diao, Zeng-Hui; Mai, Bi-Xian

2016-10-01

Thirty surface sediments and three sediment cores were collected from mangrove wetlands in the Pearl River Estuary of South China to investigate the spatial and vertical distribution of Dechlorane Plus (DP). DP concentrations in the mangrove surface sediments ranged from 0.0130 to 1.504 ng/g dry weight (dw). DP concentrations in sediments from Shenzhen were significantly greater than those from Guangzhou and Zhuhai. Anti-Cl11-DP, the dechlorinated product of anti-DP, was also detected in the mangrove sediments with concentrations ranged from not detected to 0.0198 ng/g dw. Significant positive relationship between anti-Cl11-DP and anti-DP levels was observed in the mangrove sediments, suggesting that photo and/or microbial degradation of anti-DP might occur in the sediments. The f anti values in the mangrove sediments were close to those in the technical DP products, suggesting that stereoselective enrichment of anti-DP may not exist in the mangrove sediments. DP concentrations in the mangrove sediment cores generally showed an increasing trend from the bottom to top layers. This is the first study to report the occurrence of DP and its degradation product in the mangrove wetlands.

Disability pension due to common mental disorders and subsequent suicidal behaviour: a population-based prospective cohort study.

PubMed

Rahman, Syed Ghulam; Alexanderson, Kristina; Jokinen, Jussi; Mittendorfer-Rutz, Ellenor

2016-04-04

Adverse health outcomes, including suicide, in individuals on disability pension (DP) due to mental diagnoses have been reported. However, scientific knowledge on possible risk factors for suicidal behaviour (suicide attempt and suicide) in this group, such as age, gender, underlying DP diagnoses, comorbidity and DP duration and grade, is surprisingly sparse. This study aimed to investigate associations of different measures (main and secondary diagnoses, duration and grade) of DP due to common mental disorders (CMD) with subsequent suicidal behaviour, considering gender and age differences. Population-based prospective cohort study based on Swedish nationwide registers. A cohort of 46,515 individuals aged 19-64 years on DP due to CMD throughout 2005 was followed-up for 5 years. In relation to different measures of DP, univariate and multivariate HRs and 95% CIs for suicidal behaviour were estimated by Cox regression. All analyses were stratified by gender and age. During 2006-2010, 1036 (2.2%) individuals attempted and 207 (0.5%) completed suicide. Multivariate analyses showed that a main DP diagnosis of 'stress-related mental disorders' was associated with a lower risk of subsequent suicidal behaviour than 'depressive disorders' (HR range 0.4-0.7). Substance abuse or personality disorders as a secondary DP diagnosis predicted suicide attempt in all subgroups (HR range 1.4-2.3) and suicide in women and younger individuals (HR range 2.6-3.3). Full-time DP was associated with a higher risk of suicide attempt compared with part-time DP in women and both age groups (HR range 1.4-1.7). Depressive disorders as the main DP diagnosis and substance abuse or personality disorders as the secondary DP diagnosis were risk markers for subsequent suicidal behaviour in individuals on DP due to CMD. Particular attention should be paid to younger individuals on DP due to anxiety disorders because of the higher suicide risk. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

Differences in predictors of permanent work disability between immigrants and natives: a cohort study of adults with sick leave due to common mental disorders

PubMed Central

Werlen, Laura; Helgesson, Magnus; Mittendorfer-Rutz, Ellenor

2017-01-01

Objectives Immigrants with common mental disorders (CMDs) are reported to have a higher risk of disability pension (DP) compared with native residents; however, the reasons for this are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate (1) differences in morbidity (3 measures) and socioeconomic status in native Swedes, ‘Western’ and ‘non-Western’ immigrants with CMDs and (2) interactions between morbidity and socioeconomic status and immigrant status regarding subsequent DP. Design The study was a prospective population-based cohort study using national register data. Crude and multivariate HRs with 95% CIs were calculated using the Cox regression (2007–2010). Participants All individuals aged 18–59 with an incident sick-leave spell due to CMDs during 2006 were included in the study (N=66 097). The study population was divided into 3 groups based on country of birth: (1) Sweden, (2) immigrants from ‘Western’ countries (EU25, Norway, Iceland, North America and Oceania) and (3) immigrants from ‘non-Western’ countries (east Europe, Africa, Asia and South America). Results Particularly, immigrants born in non-Western countries had higher levels of morbidity and lower socioeconomic status than natives (p>0.001). No significant differences in the associations between specialised psychiatric and somatic care with regard to subsequent DP were found between immigrants and native Swedes. Being prescribed more than 1 type of psychiatric medication was associated with higher HRs for DP in immigrants from Western (HR 3.34; CI 2.3 to 4.9) and non-Western countries (3.6; 1.9 to 6.4) than in native Swedes (2.55; 2.3 to 2.8) (pinteraction=0.003). Low education was a marginally stronger predictor for DP in non-Western immigrants than in native Swedes and Western immigrants (pinteraction=0.03). Conclusions Morbidity measured by medication, but not by specialised healthcare, was a stronger predictor for DP in immigrants than in native Swedes, warranting scrutiny of differences in care and treatment in immigrants and native Swedes with CMDs. PMID:28314745

An ad hoc 3D-printed tool facilitates intraesophageal suturing in experimental surgery

PubMed Central

Steinemann, D.C.; Müller, P.C.; Apitz, M.; Nickel, F.; Kenngott, H.G.; Müller-Stich, B.P.; Linke, G.R.

2018-01-01

Background Three-dimensional printing (3DP) has become popular for development of anatomic models, preoperative planning, and production of tailored implants. A novel laparoscopic, transgastric procedure for distal esophageal mucosectomy was developed. During this procedure a space holder had to be introduced into the distal esophagus for exposure during suturing. The production process and evaluation of a 3DP space holder are described herein. Material and methods Computer-aided design software was used to develop models printed from polylactic acid. The prototype was adapted after testing in a cadaveric model. Subsequently the device was evaluated in a non-survival porcine model. A mucosal purse-string suture was placed as orally as possible in the esophagus, in the intervention group with and in the control group without use of the tool (n=8 each). The distance of the stitches from the Z-line was measured. The variability of stitches indicated the suture quality. Results The median maximum distance from Z-line to purse-string suture was larger in the intervention group (5.0 [3.3-6.4] versus 2.4 [2.0-4.1] cm;P=0.013). The time taken to place the sutures was shorter in the control group (P<0.001). Stitch variance tended to be greater in the intervention group (2.3 [0.9-2.5] versus 0.7 [0.2-0.4] cm;P=0.051). The time required for design and production of a tailored tool was below 24 h. Conclusions 3DP in experimental surgery enables rapid production, permits repeated adaptation until a tailored tool is obtained, and ensures independence from industrial partners. With the aid of the space holder more orally located esophageal lesions came within reach. PMID:29433890

The Effectiveness of A School-Based Nutrition Intervention on Children's Fruit, Vegetables, and Dairy Product Intake.

PubMed

Drapeau, Vicky; Savard, Mathieu; Gallant, Annette; Nadeau, Luc; Gagnon, Jocelyn

2016-05-01

Most Canadian children do not meet daily recommendations for consumption of vegetables and fruits (V/F) and dairy products (DP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of Team Nutriathlon on V/F and DP consumption of children. Participants were 404 children from grades 5 and 6 (intervention group [IG] N = 242, control group [CG] N = 162). Teams of children were guided to increase their consumption and variety of V/F and DP over an 8-week period. Daily servings of V/F and DP were compared between groups at 4 time points: baseline (week 0), during (week 6), immediately after (week 9 or 10), and a follow-up 10 weeks after (week 20) the intervention. During and after the program and at follow-up, children in the IG consumed more servings of V/F and DP compared to the CG (group × time, p < .0001). Sex, baseline consumption levels, and school socioeconomic status did not influence the results (p > .05). Team Nutriathlon is an innovative school-based nutrition program that can help to increase the V/F and DP consumption of children. © 2016, American School Health Association.

Comparison of three screening tests for autism in preterm children with birth weights less than 1,500 grams

PubMed Central

Dudova, Iva; Markova, Daniela; Kasparova, Martina; Zemankova, Jana; Beranova, Stepanka; Urbanek, Tomas; Hrdlicka, Michal

2014-01-01

Background Preterm children seem to be at increased risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Methods Parents of 157 children with birth weights less than 1,500 g (age 2 years, corrected for prematurity; 88 boys, 69 girls) completed screening questionnaires. The screening battery included the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT), Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile Infant-Toddler Checklist (CSBS-DP-ITC), and the Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile (ITSP). Children with disabilities were excluded. All children who screened positive on any of the screening tools were subsequently assessed by clinical examination including the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule. Results Fifty-six children (35.7%) screened positive on at least one of the parental screening questionnaires. Of the 56 children who tested positive, 33 participated in the detailed clinical follow-up assessment. A diagnosis of ASD was confirmed in 13 of the 33 children. The ASD prevalence was 9.7% of the sample. Analysis of children with and without an ASD diagnosis found significant differences relative to gestational age (26.9 weeks vs 28.3 weeks, P=0.033) and length of the stay in hospital (89.5 days vs 75.4 days, P=0.042). The screening tool with the most positive results was CSBS-DP-ITC (42 positive screens [PS]), followed by M-CHAT (28 PS), and ITSP (22 PS). Differences in the frequency of PS among the tests were significant (P=0.008). CSBS-DP-ITC had the highest sensitivity (0.846), followed by M-CHAT (0.692) and ITSP (0.462). Conclusion Our results indicate a higher prevalence of autism in children with birth weights <1,500 g at 2 years of age compared to the general population prevalence. The ASD diagnosis was associated with shorter gestation times and longer hospital stays. Our findings support the simultaneous use of more than one screening tests in order to increase screening sensitivity. PMID:25484588

Evaluation of Reflexive Valve Logic for a Shipboard Firemain

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-01-12

firemain valves can be used to measure flow rate [2-5]. In addition, several device-level communication technologies such as Lon Works, Modbus, Profibus ...19,20]: Continuity dp ,d(pV)_0 dt 8K (1) Where p = fluid density, lbm/ft3 (kg/m3) t = time, s V = fluid velocity, ft/s (m/s) x = location

Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, functional hypogonadotropism or constitutional delay of growth and puberty? An analysis of a large patient series from a single tertiary center.

PubMed

Varimo, Tero; Miettinen, Päivi J; Känsäkoski, Johanna; Raivio, Taneli; Hero, Matti

2017-01-01

What diagnoses underlie delayed puberty (DP) and predict its outcome? A multitude of different diagnoses underlie DP, and in boys a history of cryptorchidism, small testicular size and slow growth velocity (GV) predict its clinical course. DP is caused by a variety of underlying etiologies. Hormonal markers can be used in the differential diagnosis of DP but none of them have shown complete diagnostic accuracy. Medical records of 589 patients evaluated for DP in a single tertiary care center between 2004 and 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical and biochemical data of 174 boys and 70 girls who fulfilled the criteria of DP were included in the analyses. We characterized the frequencies of underlying conditions and evaluated the predictive efficacy of selected clinical and hormonal markers. Thirty etiologies that underlie DP were identified. No markers of clinical value could be identified in the girls, whereas a history of cryptorchidism in the boys was associated with an increase in the risk of permanent hypogonadism (odds ratio 17.2 (95% CI; 3.4-85.4, P < 0.001)). The conditions that cause functional hypogonadotropic hypogonadism were more frequent in boys with a GV below 3 cm/yr than in those growing faster (19% vs 4%, P < 0.05). In this series, the most effective markers to discriminate the prepubertal boys with constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP) from those with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) were testicular volume (cut-off 1.1 ml with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 91%), GnRH-induced maximal LH (cut-off 4.3 IU/L; 100%, 75%) and basal inhibin B (INHB) level (cut-off 61 ng/L; 90%, 83%). The main limitation of the study is the retrospective design. Prior cryptorchidism and slow GV are two important clinical cues that may help clinicians to predict the clinical course of DP in boys, whereas markers of similar value could not be identified in girls. In prepubertal boys, testicular size appeared as effective as INHB and GnRH-induced LH levels in the differential diagnosis between CHH and CDGP. This study was supported by the Academy of Finland (268356), Foundation for Pediatric Research (7495), Sigrid Juselius Foundation (2613) and the Finnish Medical Foundation (011115). The authors have no competing interests to report. Not applicable. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Role of aerosols in enhancing SVOC flux between air and indoor surfaces and its influence on exposure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Cong; Morrison, Glenn C.; Zhang, Yinping

2012-08-01

Indoor surfaces play an important role in the transport of, and exposure to, semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in buildings. In this study, we develop a model that accounts for SVOC transport mediated by particles and find that, due to large gas-particle partition coefficients along with large differences in Brownian and gas diffusivities, SVOC transport across concentration boundary layers is significantly enhanced in the presence of particles. Two important dimensionless parameters, Bim,g and Bim,g/Bim,p, were identified: Bim,g is the ratio of 1) the characteristic time for the SVOC to transport across the concentration boundary layer to 2) the characteristic time for boundary layer to either be "swept" of SVOCs by particles or "saturated" by release of SVOCs from particles. This parameter can be regarded as a dimensionless mass transfer coefficient. Bim,g/Bim,p characterizes the SVOC mass associated with particles, relative to SVOCs in the gas-phase. Analysis on monodisperse particles shows that flux can be enhanced by as much as a factor of 5 over transport in the absence of particles, for a large particle/gas partition coefficient (log Kpart = 13), small particles (dp ˜ 0.1 μm) and a small free stream velocity (U∞ = 0.01 m s-1). As particle diameter decreases, flux enhancement tends to increase. However, as particles become very small (e.g., dp < 0.05 μm), flux enhancement for SVOCs with log Kpart = 13 decreases slightly. Particles larger than 2 μm do not significantly influence the flux. An exponential correlation is found to fit the results for polydisperse particles associated with typical indoor environments, cooking and smoking. Two illustrative examples are used to show that, 1) the timescale for di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) to approach equilibrium between the gas and a surface is shortened from 3.0 years to 0.45 years; and 2) in the presence of particles, the gas-phase DEHP concentration and emission rate are predicted to be as much as 4 times higher by our model than that by prior model estimates. Particle mediated gas-phase transport of SVOCs can result an increase in occupant exposure by a factor of 4-10.

Synergistic effect of low K and D vitamin status on arterial stiffness in a general population.

PubMed

Mayer, Otto; Seidlerová, Jitka; Wohlfahrt, Peter; Filipovský, Jan; Cífková, Renata; Černá, Václava; Kučerová, Alena; Pešta, Martin; Fuchsová, Radka; Topolčan, Ondřej; Jardon, Kelly M C; Drummen, Nadja E A; Vermeer, Cees

2017-08-01

Both vitamins K and D are nutrients with pleiotropic functions in human tissues. The metabolic role of these vitamins overlaps considerably in calcium homeostasis. We analyzed their potential synergetic effect on arterial stiffness. In a cross-sectional study, we analyzed aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) in 1023 subjects from the Czech post-MONICA study. Desphospho-uncarboxylated matrix γ-carboxyglutamate protein (dp-ucMGP), a biomarker of vitamin K status, was measured by sandwich ELISA and 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 (25-OH-D 3 ) by a commercial immunochemical assay. In a subsample of 431 subjects without chronic disease or pharmacotherapy, we detected rs2228570 polymorphism for the vitamin D receptor. After adjustment for confounders, aPWV was independently associated with both factors: dp-ucMGP [β-coefficient(S.E.M.)=13.91(4.87); P=.004] and 25-OH-D 3 [0.624(0.28); P=.027]. In a further analysis, we divided subjects according to dp-ucMGP and 25-OH-D 3 quartiles, resulting in 16 subgroups. The highest aPWV had subjects in the top quartile of dp-ucMGP plus bottom quartile of 25-OH-D 3 (i.e., in those with insufficient status of both vitamin K and vitamin D), while the lowest aPVW had subjects in the bottom quartile of dp-ucMGP plus top quartile of 25-OH-D 3 [9.8 (SD2.6) versus 6.6 (SD1.6) m/s; P<.0001]. When we compared these extreme groups of vitamin K and D status, the adjusted odds ratio for aPWV≥9.3 m/s was 6.83 (95% CI:1.95-20.9). The aPWV was also significantly higher among subjects bearing the GG genotype of rs2228570, but only in those with a concomitantly poor vitamin K status. In conclusion, we confirmed substantial interaction of insufficient K and D vitamin status in terms of increased aortic stiffness. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Dual-targeted and pH-sensitive Doxorubicin Prodrug-Microbubble Complex with Ultrasound for Tumor Treatment

PubMed Central

Luo, Wanxian; Wen, Ge; Yang, Li; Tang, Jiao; Wang, Jianguo; Wang, Jihui; Zhang, Shiyu; Zhang, Li; Ma, Fei; Xiao, Liling; Wang, Ying; Li, Yingjia

2017-01-01

In this study, we investigated the potential of a dual-targeted pH-sensitive doxorubicin prodrug-microbubble complex (DPMC) in ultrasound (US)-assisted antitumor therapy. The doxorubicin prodrug (DP) consists of a succinylated-heparin carrier conjugated with doxorubicin (DOX) via hydrazone linkage and decorated with dual targeting ligands, folate and cRGD peptide. Combination of microbubble (MB) and DP, generated via avidin-biotin binding, promoted intracellular accumulation and improved therapeutic efficiency assisted by US cavitation and sonoporation. Aggregates of prepared DP were observed with an inhomogeneous size distribution (average diameters: 149.6±29.8 nm and 1036.2±38.8 nm, PDI: 1.0) while DPMC exhibited a uniform distribution (average diameter: 5.804±2.1 μm), facilitating its usage for drug delivery. Notably, upon US exposure, DPMC was disrupted and aggregated DP dispersed into homogeneous small-sized nanoparticles (average diameter: 128.6±42.3 nm, PDI: 0.21). DPMC could target to angiogenic endothelial cells in tumor region via αvβ3-mediated recognition and subsequently facilitate its specific binding to tumor cells mediated via recognition of folate receptor (FR) after US exposure. In vitro experiments showed higher tumor specificity and killing ability of DPMC with US than free DOX and DP for breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, significant accumulation and specificity for tumor tissues of DPMC with US were detected using in vivo fluorescence and ultrasound molecular imaging, indicating its potential to integrate tumor imaging and therapy. In particular, through inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation and antagonizing angiogenesis, DPMC with US produced higher tumor inhibition rates than DOX or DPMC without US in MCF-7 xenograft tumor-bearing mice while inducing no obvious body weight loss. Our strategy provides an effective platform for the delivery of large-sized or aggregated particles to tumor sites, thereby extending their therapeutic applications in vivo. PMID:28255342

Fabrication of porous titanium implants by three-dimensional printing and sintering at different temperatures.

PubMed

Xiong, Yaoyang; Qian, Chao; Sun, Jian

2012-01-01

This study evaluated the feasibility of using three-dimensional printing (3DP) to fabricate porous titanium implants. Titanium powder was blended with a water-soluble binder material. Green, porous, titanium implants fabricated by 3DP were sintered under protective argon atmosphere at 1,200, 1,300, or 1,400°C. Sintered implant prototypes had uniform shrinkage and no obvious shape distortion after sintering. Evaluation of their mechanical properties revealed that titanium prototypes sintered at different temperatures had elastic modulus of 5.9-34.8 GPa, porosity of 41.06-65.01%, hardness of 115.2-182.8 VHN, and compressive strength of 81.3-218.6 MPa. There were significant differences in each type of these data among the different sintering temperatures (p<0.01). Results of this study confirmed the feasibility of fabricating porous titanium implants by 3DP: pore size and pore interconnectivity were conducive to bone cell ingrowth for implant stabilization, and the mechanical properties matched well with those of the human bone.

Application of 3D printing rapid prototyping-assisted percutaneous fixation in the treatment of intertrochanteric fracture.

PubMed

Zheng, Sheng-Nai; Yao, Qing-Qiang; Mao, Feng-Yong; Zheng, Peng-Fei; Tian, Shu-Chang; Li, Jia-Yi; Yu, Yi-Fan; Liu, Shuai; Zhou, Jin; Hu, Jun; Xu, Yan; Tang, Kai; Lou, Yue; Wang, Li-Ming

2017-10-01

The aim of the present study was to investigate the application of 3D printing (3DP) rapid prototyping (RP) technique-assisted percutaneous fixation in the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fracture (ITF) using proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA). A total of 39 patients with unstable ITF were included in the current study. Patients were divided into two groups: 19 patients were examined using computed tomography scanning and underwent PFNA with SDP-RP whereas the other 20 patients underwent conventional PFNA treatment. Anatomical data were converted from the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine format to the stereolithography format using M3D software. The 3DP-RP model was established using the fused deposition modeling technique and the length and diameter of the main screw blade was measured during the simulation. The postoperative femoral neck-shaft angle (NSA), surgery duration, intraoperative and postoperative blood loss, and the duration of hospital stay were recorded and compared with the corresponding values in conventional surgery. No significant differences were observed in mean PFNA size between the implants used and the preoperative planning estimates. It was demonstrated that the 3DP-RP assisted procedure resulted in more effective reduction of the NSA. Furthermore, patients undergoing 3DP-RP experienced a significant reduction in duration of surgery (P<0.01), as well as reductions in intraoperative (P=0.02) and postoperative (P=0.03) blood loss, compared with conventional surgery. At 6 months post-surgery, no cases of hip varus/vague deformities or implant failure were observed in patients that underwent either the 3DP-RP-assisted or conventional procedure. The results of the present study suggest that the 3DP-RP technique is able to create an accurate model of the ITF, which facilitates surgical planning and fracture reduction, thus improving the efficiency of PFNA surgery for ITFs.

[Pollution load and the first flush effect of phosphorus in urban runoff of Wenzhou City].

PubMed

Zhou, Dong; Chen, Zhen-lou; Bi, Chun-juan

2012-08-01

Five typical rainfalls were monitored in two different research areas of Wenzhou municipality. The pH and concentrations of total phosphorus (TP), dissolved phosphorus (DP), particulate phosphorus (PP), total inorganic carbon (TIC), total organic carbon (TOC), total suspended substances (TSS), BOD5 and COD in six different kinds of urban runoff were measured. The results showed that, the concentrations of TP, DP and PP in different kinds of urban runoff of Wenzhou ranged from 0.01 to 4.32 mg x L(-1), ND to 0.88 mg x L(-1) and ND to 4.31 mg x L(-1), respectively. In the early stages of runoff process PP was dominated, while in the later, the proportion of DP in most of the runoff samples would show a rising trend, especially in roof and outlet runoff. Judged by the event mean concentration (EMC) of TP and DP in these five rainfalls, some kinds of urban runoff could cause environmental pressure to the next level receiving water bodies. Meanwhile, the differences among the TP and DP content (maximum, minimum and mean content) in various urban runoffs were significant, and so were the differences among various rainfall events. According to the M (V) curve, the first flush effect of TP in most kinds of urban runoff was common; while the first flush effect of DP was more difficult to occur comparing with TP. Not only the underlying surface types but also many physico-chemical properties of runoff could affect the concentration of TP in urban runoff. All the results also suggested that different best management plans (BMPs) should be selected for various urban runoff types for the treatment of phosphorus pollution, and reducing the concentration of TSS is considered as one of the effective ways to decrease the pollution load of phosphorus in urban runoff.

Evidence for basal distortion-product otoacoustic emission components.

PubMed

Martin, Glen K; Stagner, Barden B; Lonsbury-Martin, Brenda L

2010-05-01

Distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were measured with traditional DP-grams and level/phase (L/P) maps in rabbits with either normal cochlear function or unique sound-induced cochlear losses that were characterized as either low-frequency or notched configurations. To demonstrate that emission generators distributed basal to the f(2) primary-tone contribute, in general, to DPOAE levels and phases, a high-frequency interference tone (IT) was presented at 1/3 of an octave (oct) above the f(2) primary-tone, and DPOAEs were re-measured as "augmented" DP-grams (ADP-grams) and L/P maps. The vector difference between the control and augmented functions was then computed to derive residual DP-grams (RDP-grams) and L/P maps. The resulting RDP-grams and L/P maps, which described the DPOAEs removed by the IT, supported the notion that basal DPOAE components routinely contribute to the generation of standard measures of DPOAEs. Separate experiments demonstrated that these components could not be attributed to the effects of the 1/3-oct IT on f(2), or DPOAEs generated by the addition of a third interfering tone. These basal components can "fill in" the lesion estimated by the commonly employed DP-gram. Thus, ADP-grams more accurately reveal the pattern of cochlear damage and may eventually lead to an improved DP-gram procedure.

Cutaneous Hyperpigmentation in Megaloblastic Anemia: a Five Year Retrospective Review

PubMed Central

Padhi, Somanath; Sarangi, RajLaxmi; Ramdas, Anita; Ravichandran, Kandasamy; Varghese, Renu G’Boy; Alexander, Thomas; Kurian, George; Mookkappan, Sudhagar

2016-01-01

Background Cutaneous hyperpigmentation is an often overlooked clinical sign in megaloblastic anemia (MA) which has been sporadically reported in the literature. Methods We describe the bone marrow (BM) changes and clinicolaboratory characteristics of 25 of 198 adult cases (>16 years) with cutaneous hyperpigmentation who underwent BM evaluation for cytopenia (s). Results Twenty-one of 25 cases (84%) had MA, while MA without hyperpigmentation occurred only in 12 of remainder 173 cases (P<0.001). Knuckle pad hyperpigmentation (KP) was noted in 16 (64%) cases; whereas 9 (36%) had diffuse brownish black discoloration (DP) of the palms and/or soles. Eighteen of 25 (72%) cases had pancytopenia (13 with KP) and 7 of 25 (28%) had bicytopenia (3 with KP). In addition, five cases (20%) presented with pyrexia. Of the 17 cases where data available, eleven were B12 deficient [<190 pg/ml; eight had severe deficiency (<100 pg/ml); ref.; 190–800pg/ml], while 4 had pure folate deficiency (< 4.0 ng/ml; ref.; 4–20ng/ml); and remainder 2 had combined B12 and folate deficiency. Compared to those with diffuse pigmentation; KP group had lower Hb (69.6 ± 24.2 vs. 86.3 ± 33.9 g/L), higher MCV (106.1 ±12.6 vs. 99.2 ± 7.6 fL), lower platelet count (50.9 ± 29.3 vs. 69.6 ± 36.5 × 109/L), and lower median B12 [100.0 (30.0 – 822.0) vs. 316.0 (142.0 – 1617.3) pg/ml] (P>0.05). In six cases where follow-up data were available, there was a significant reversal of hyperpigmentation at 12 weeks following parenteral cobalamin therapy. In all five cases with pyrexia, fever subsided after 24 to 72 hours following administration of parenteral cobalamin therapy. Conclusion Cutaneous hyperpigmentation and cytopenia (s) are strongly associated with megaloblastic anemia. Knuckle pad hyperpigmentation is much more frequent than diffuse pigmentation of the palms and/or soles in such patents. A nonsignificant trend towards a greater degree of MA was found in cases with pigmentation of the knuckles. PMID:27158434

Measurements of Radiative Capture Cross Sections at Big Bang Energies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tanaka, Masaomi; Fukuda, Mitsunori; Tanaka, Yutaro; Du, Hang; Ohnishi, Kousuke; Yagi, Shoichi; Sugihara, Takanobu; Hori, Taichi; Nakamura, Shoken; Yanagihara, Rikuto; Matsuta, Kensaku; Mihara, Mototsugu; Nishimura, Daiki; Iwakiri, Shuichi; Kambayashi, Shohei; Kunimatsu, Shota; Sakakibara, Hikaru; Yamaoka, Shintaro

We measured d(p, γ )3He cross sections at ECM = 0.12, 0.19, 0.44, and 0.57 MeV. In this energy region, available experimental values are systematically smaller than the recent calculation, so that additional experiments are desired for understanding the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. The experiment was performed by bombarding proton beams to the D2 gas target with the 5 MV Van de Graaff accelerator at Osaka University. The experimental d(p, γ )3He cross sections of the present study are systematically larger than previous data. On the other hand, recent theoretical results by Marcucci et al. are in good agreement with present experimental results.

Short communication: Prediction of retention pay-off using a machine learning algorithm.

PubMed

Shahinfar, Saleh; Kalantari, Afshin S; Cabrera, Victor; Weigel, Kent

2014-05-01

Replacement decisions have a major effect on dairy farm profitability. Dynamic programming (DP) has been widely studied to find the optimal replacement policies in dairy cattle. However, DP models are computationally intensive and might not be practical for daily decision making. Hence, the ability of applying machine learning on a prerun DP model to provide fast and accurate predictions of nonlinear and intercorrelated variables makes it an ideal methodology. Milk class (1 to 5), lactation number (1 to 9), month in milk (1 to 20), and month of pregnancy (0 to 9) were used to describe all cows in a herd in a DP model. Twenty-seven scenarios based on all combinations of 3 levels (base, 20% above, and 20% below) of milk production, milk price, and replacement cost were solved with the DP model, resulting in a data set of 122,716 records, each with a calculated retention pay-off (RPO). Then, a machine learning model tree algorithm was used to mimic the evaluated RPO with DP. The correlation coefficient factor was used to observe the concordance of RPO evaluated by DP and RPO predicted by the model tree. The obtained correlation coefficient was 0.991, with a corresponding value of 0.11 for relative absolute error. At least 100 instances were required per model constraint, resulting in 204 total equations (models). When these models were used for binary classification of positive and negative RPO, error rates were 1% false negatives and 9% false positives. Applying this trained model from simulated data for prediction of RPO for 102 actual replacement records from the University of Wisconsin-Madison dairy herd resulted in a 0.994 correlation with 0.10 relative absolute error rate. Overall results showed that model tree has a potential to be used in conjunction with DP to assist farmers in their replacement decisions. Copyright © 2014 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Brominated flame retardant (BFRs) and Dechlorane Plus (DP) in paired human serum and segmented hair.

PubMed

Qiao, Lin; Zheng, Xiao-Bo; Yan, Xiao; Wang, Mei-Huang; Zheng, Jing; Chen, She-Jun; Yang, Zhong-Yi; Mai, Bi-Xian

2018-01-01

Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and Dechlorane Plus (DP) were measured in both human hair and paired serum samples from a cohort of university students in South China. Segmental analysis was conducted to explore gender difference and the relationships between the hair and serum. The concentrations of total PBDEs in the hair and serum samples were in a range of 0.28-34.1ng/g dry weight (dw) and 0.16-156ng/g lipid weight (lw), respectively. Concentrations of ∑DPs (sum of the syn-DP and anti-DP isomers) in all hair samples ranged from nd-5.45ng/g dry weight. Concentrations of most PBDEs and decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) in distal segments (5-10cm from the scalp) were higher than those in the proximal segments (0-5cm from the scalp) (t-test, p < 0.05), which could be due to the longer exposure time of distal segments. The proximal segments exhibited a unique congener profile, more close to that in the serum rather than the distal segments of hair. An obvious gender difference was found in the levels of ∑PBDEs using integrated hair samples, while the difference disappeared when considering alone the proximal segments of hair (0-5cm from scalp) for both genders. This paper provides supplement to the current knowledge on sources of BFRs and DPs in hair and declares the importance of segmental analysis. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Emission sources estimation of size-segregated suburban aerosols measured in continental part of Balkan region using PMF5.0 multivariate receptor model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Petrovic, Srdjan; Đuričić-Milanković, Jelena; Anđelković, Ivan; Pantelić, Ana; Gambaro, Andrea; Đorđević, Dragana

2017-04-01

Using Low-Pressure Cascade Impactors by Dr Berner size segregated particulate matter in the size ranges: 0.27 ≤ Dp ≤ 0.53 μm, 0.53 ≤ Dp ≤ 1.06 μm, 1.06 ≤ Dp ≤ 2.09 μm, 2.09 ≤ Dp ≤ 4.11 μm, 4.11 ≤ Dp ≤ 8.11 μm and 8.11 ≤ Dp ≤ 16 μm were collected. Forty-eight-hour size segregated particulate matter samples from atmospheric aerosols in the sub-urban site of Belgrade were measured during two years (in 2012th to 2013in). ICP-MS was used to quantify next elements: Ag, Al, As, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Hg, Na, Ni, Mg, Mn, Mo, Pb, Se, Sb, Ti, Tl, V and Zn. In order to examine the number of sources and their fingerprints, EPA PMF 5.0 multivariate receptor tool was used. Error estimation methods (bootstrap, displacement, and bootstrap enhanced by displacement) in the analysis of the obtained solutions have enabled proper detection of the number and types of sources. This analysis of the results indicated the existence of four main sources that contribute to air pollution in the suburban area of Belgrade.

A non-Linear transport model for determining shale rock characteristics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ali, Iftikhar; Malik, Nadeem

2016-04-01

Unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs consist of tight porous rocks which are characterised by nano-scale size porous networks with ultra-low permeability [1,2]. Transport of gas through them is not well understood at the present time, and realistic transport models are needed in order to determine rock properties and for estimating future gas pressure distribution in the reservoirs. Here, we consider a recently developed non-linear gas transport equation [3], ∂p-+ U ∂p- = D ∂2p-, t > 0, (1) ∂t ∂x ∂x2 complimented with suitable initial and boundary conditions, in order to determine shale rock properties such as the permeability K, the porosity φ and the tortuosity, τ. In our new model, the apparent convection velocity, U = U(p,px), and the apparent diffusivity D = D(p), are both highly non-linear functions of the pressure. The model incorporate various flow regimes (slip, surface diffusion, transition, continuum) based upon the Knudsen number Kn, and also includes Forchchiemers turbulence correction terms. In application, the model parameters and associated compressibility factors are fully pressure dependent, giving the model more realism than previous models. See [4]. Rock properties are determined by solving an inverse problem, with model parameters adjustment to minimise the error between the model simulation and available data. It is has been found that the proposed model performs better than previous models. Results and details of the model will be presented at the conference. Corresponding author: namalik@kfupm.edu.sa and nadeem_malik@cantab.net References [1] Cui, X., Bustin, A.M. and Bustin, R., "Measurements of gas permeability and diffusivity of tight reservoir rocks: different approaches and their applications", Geofluids 9, 208-223 (2009). [2] Chiba R., Fomin S., Chugunov V., Niibori Y. and Hashida T., "Numerical Simulation of Non Fickian Diffusion and Advection in a Fractured Porous Aquifer", AIP Conference Proceedings 898, 75 (2007); doi: 10.1063/1.2721253 [3] Ali, I. "A numerical study of shale gas flow in tight porous media through non-linear transport model", PhD Dissertation, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals. Submitted (2016). [4]. Civan, F., Rai, C.S., Sondergeld, C.H.: Shale-gas permeability and diffusivity inferred by improved formulation of relevant retention and transport mechanisms. Transport in Porous Media, 86(3), 925-944 (2011). Acknowledgement: The authors would like to acknowledge the support provided by King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) through the Science Technology Unit at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) for funding this work through project No. 14-OIL280-04.

Band gap engineering for graphene by using Na{sup +} ions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sung, S. J.; Lee, P. R.; Kim, J. G.

2014-08-25

Despite the noble electronic properties of graphene, its industrial application has been hindered mainly by the absence of a stable means of producing a band gap at the Dirac point (DP). We report a new route to open a band gap (E{sub g}) at DP in a controlled way by depositing positively charged Na{sup +} ions on single layer graphene formed on 6H-SiC(0001) surface. The doping of low energy Na{sup +} ions is found to deplete the π* band of graphene above the DP, and simultaneously shift the DP downward away from Fermi energy indicating the opening of E{sub g}.more » The band gap increases with increasing Na{sup +} coverage with a maximum E{sub g}≥0.70 eV. Our core-level data, C 1s, Na 2p, and Si 2p, consistently suggest that Na{sup +} ions do not intercalate through graphene, but produce a significant charge asymmetry among the carbon atoms of graphene to cause the opening of a band gap. We thus provide a reliable way of producing and tuning the band gap of graphene by using Na{sup +} ions, which may play a vital role in utilizing graphene in future nano-electronic devices.« less

Stimulation of in vivo hepatic uptake and in vitro hepatic binding of (/sup 125/I)2-lodo-3,7,8-trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin by the administration of agonist for the Ah receptor

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Poland, A.; Teitelbaum, P.; Glover, E.

1989-07-01

(125I)2-lodo-3,7,8-trichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin ((125I)Cl3DpD), a radiolabeled, isosteric, analogue of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), was synthesized and used to study in vivo tissue localization and in vivo tissue binding. Twenty-four hours after the administration of a tracer dose (1 X 10(-10) mol/kg) of (125I) Cl3DpD to C57BL/6J mice, the hepatic concentration of radioactivity was 1-2% of the administered dose, whereas in mice pretreated with TCDD (1 X 10(-7) mol/kg), the hepatic accumulation of radiolabel was 25-30% of that administered. Liver homogenate from TCDD-treated mice bound 4 to 10 times more (125I)Cl3DpD than homogenate from control mice. The enhancement of in vivo uptake and in vitromore » tissue binding of (125I)Cl3DpD by TCDD administration was confined to liver and was not observed in other tissues examined, kidney, lung, spleen, small intestines, and muscle. The administration of TCDD to C57BL/6J mice produces dose-related stimulation of in vivo hepatic uptake of (125I)Cl3DpD, binding of radioligand to liver homogenate, and hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity, with the dose for half-maximal stimulation, ED50, varying from 1.5 to 4.0 x 10(-9) mol/kg. In congenic C57BL/6J (Ahd/Ahd) mice, which express the lower affinity Ah receptor, the ED50 values for all three responses were shifted to approximately 10-fold higher doses. 3,3',4,4',5,5'-Hexabromobiphenyl, a weak agonist for the Ah receptor produced a dose-related stimulation of these three responses in C57BL/6J mice (ED50 values of approximately 5 X 10(-7) mol/kg), but was without effect in C57BL/6J (Ahd/Ahd) mice. Stimulation of vivo hepatic uptake and in vitro liver homogenate binding of (125I)Cl3DpD was produced by administration of Ah agonists, such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran and beta-naphthoflavone, but inactive congeners and other compounds that do not act via the Ah receptor.« less

Indoor mite allergens in patients with respiratory allergy living in Porto, Portugal.

PubMed

Plácido, J L; Cuesta, C; Delgado, L; da Silva, J P; Miranda, M; Ventas, P; Vaz, M

1996-09-01

We investigated the levels of mite allergens (Der p 1, Der f 1, Der 2, and Lep d 1) in dust samples from the homes of 59 patients with asthma, 36 sensitized to house-dust mites (HDM) and 23 to grass pollen (controls), living in Porto, northern Portugal. The relationship between exposure and sensitization to HDM and the influence of housing conditions on mite-allergen levels were also evaluated. Der p 1 (median 9.2 micrograms/g) and Der 2 (4.6 micrograms/g) were the main allergens, while Der f 1 and Lep d 1 levels were always < 1 microgram/g dust and undetectable in 11% and 47% of samples, respectively. All HDM-sensitized asthmatics were exposed to Der p 1 levels > 2 micrograms/g and their homes contained significantly higher levels of Der p 1 (median 12.5 vs 6.4 micrograms/g; P = 0.008) and Der 2 (6.2 vs 3.0 micrograms/g; P = 0.004) when compared to the control group. A significant correlation was observed between the exposure to Der p 1 and the wheal area at skin testing with the Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) extract (P = 0.01) as well as with serum specific IgE levels to Dp (P = 0.03). Patients with higher levels of serum specific IgE (> or = 17.5 HRU/ml) were also more frequently exposed to Der p 1 levels > or = 10 micrograms/g (P = 0.002). Old homes, presence of carpets, and signs of dampness were conditions associated with significantly higher levels of mite allergens. In conclusion, we found high levels of Der p 1 and Der 2 particularly in the homes of HDM-sensitized patients and we confirm the relationship between exposure and sensitization to HDM, assessed by both in vivo and in vitro methods. In additional to a favorable outdoor climate, we found in our region housing conditions propitious to mite growth, suggesting that specific geographic characteristics must also be taken into account for the correct planning of mite-avoidance measures.

A phase III concurrent chemoradiotherapy trial with cisplatin and paclitaxel or docetaxel or gemcitabine in unresectable non-small cell lung cancer: KASLC 0401.

PubMed

Oh, In-Jae; Kim, Kyu-Sik; Kim, Young-Chul; Ban, Hee-Jung; Kwon, Yong-Soo; Kim, Yu-Il; Lim, Sung-Chul; Chung, Woong-Ki; Nam, Taek-Keun; Song, Joo-Young; Yoon, Mee-Sun; Ahn, Sung-Ja

2013-12-01

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is recommended for the management of patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This prospective study aimed to compare the efficacy of concurrently delivered cisplatin doublets with paclitaxel, or docetaxel, or gemcitabine. The main eligibility criteria consisted of previously untreated stage IIIB NSCLC. The subjects were randomized into three arms: paclitaxel 45 mg/m(2)/week (TP), docetaxel 20 mg/m(2)/week (DP), and gemcitabine 350 mg/m(2)/week (GP) in addition to cisplatin 20 mg/m(2)/week. Three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy was given once daily, weekly 5 fractions and the total prescription dose was 60-66 Gy. The primary endpoint was response rate, and the secondary endpoints were survival and toxicity. A total of 101 patients were recruited into this trial of whom 93 (TP: 33, DP: 29, GP: 31) patients were treated with CCRT from March 2005 to July 2007. Similar response rates were observed across arms: TP: 63.6 %, DP: 72.4 %, GP: 61.3 % (p = 0.679). There was no statistically significant difference of median survival (TP: 27.3, DP: 27.6, GP: 16.5 months, p = 0.771). In subgroup analysis, a survival benefit of consolidation chemotherapy was not seen, but leucopenia (63.2 %) and neutropenia (68.4 %) more than grade 3 were significantly high in DP arm. The grade ≥3 radiation esophagitis was more frequent in the GP arm (22.6 %, p = 0.163). Among the three arms, no statistically significant difference in response rate, survival, and toxicity was observed. However, clinically significant radiation toxicity was more frequent in the GP arm.

Functional synergy between DP-1 and E2F-1 in the cell cycle-regulating transcription factor DRTF1/E2F.

PubMed Central

Bandara, L R; Buck, V M; Zamanian, M; Johnston, L H; La Thangue, N B

1993-01-01

It is widely believed that the cellular transcription factor DRTF1/E2F integrates cell cycle events with the transcription apparatus because during cell cycle progression in mammalian cells it interacts with molecules that are important regulators of cellular proliferation, such as the retinoblastoma tumour suppressor gene product (pRb), p107, cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases. Thus, pRb, which negatively regulates early cell cycle progression and is frequently mutated in tumour cells, and the Rb-related protein p107, bind to and repress the transcriptional activity of DRTF1/E2F. Viral oncoproteins, such as adenovirus E1a and SV40 large T antigen, overcome such repression by sequestering pRb and p107 and in so doing are likely to activate genes regulated by DRTF1/E2F, such as cdc2, c-myc and DHFR. Two sequence-specific DNA binding proteins, E2F-1 and DP-1, which bind to the E2F site, contain a small region of similarity. The functional relationship between them has, however, been unclear. We report here that DP-1 and E2F-1 exist in a DNA binding complex in vivo and that they bind efficiently and preferentially as a heterodimer to the E2F site. Moreover, studies in yeast and Drosophila cells indicate that DP-1 and E2F-1 interact synergistically in E2F site-dependent transcriptional activation. Images PMID:8223441

Influence of different particle processing on hypocholesterolemic and antiatherogenic activities of yam (Dioscorea pseudojaponica) in cholesterol-fed rabbit model.

PubMed

Pan, Chun-Hsu; Tsai, Chia-Hua; Liu, Fon-Chang; Fan, Ming-Jen; Sheu, Ming-Jyh; Hsieh, Wen-Tsong; Wu, Chieh-Hsi

2013-04-01

Nanoparticle processing is implicated in enhancing bioactive or nutritional compound release from raw foods. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether different particle processing might affect the lipid-lowering activity of Dioscorea pseudojaponica (DP) and to investigate whether DP could be a potential functional food for prevention of atherogenesis. Its possible molecular mechanisms were also evaluated. The results indicated that 50 mesh-size DP (50 mesh DP) particles exhibited stronger effects than nanoscale DP (nano DP) particles in terms of lowering the level of serum cholesterol as well as reducing the extent of fatty liver and aortic fatty streak. Moreover, both DP particle types, particularly 50 mesh DP, significantly activated AMPK (5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) and deactivated ACC (acetyl-CoA carboxylase), as demonstrated by the increased levels of both enzymes in their phosphorylated form. Coincidently, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed a higher content (P < 0.01) of dioscin, a known lipid-lowering compound, in 50 mesh DP than in nano DP. These results suggest that improper processing conditions will lead to the decomposition of bioactive components in yam. They also demonstrate for the first time that the lipid-lowering mechanisms of DP may occur through the AMPK-ACC pathway. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry.

Primary language and cultural background as factors in resident burnout in medical specialties: a study in a bilingual US city.

PubMed

Afzal, Khalid I; Khan, Farhan M; Mulla, Zuber; Akins, Ralista; Ledger, Elizabeth; Giordano, Frank L

2010-07-01

The aim of this study was to identify the degree of burnout among resident physicians enrolled in seven postgraduate training programs at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, El Paso, Texas, as it related to residents' age, gender, marital status, number of hours worked per week, primary language, race/ethnicity, and cultural background. : The Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Service Survey (MBI) was administered to measure the level of burnout according to the prevalence of emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and reduced personal accomplishment (PA). : Eighty-one percent of the residents at TTUHSC participated in the study. Residents raised in the United States or Canada comprised 28% and 35% of the study, and all reported English as their primary language. The EE scale was significant for obstetrics/gynecology (OB/GYN) residents (prevalence odds ratio [POR] = 13.55, P = 0.02) and psychiatry (PSY) residents (POR = 6.50, P = 0.03). Emergency medicine (EM) residents (POR = 23.35, P = 0.002), OB/GYN (POR = 10.89, P = 0.02), and general surgery (GS) (POR = 6.24, P = 0.03) residents had high DP. Internal medicine (IM) residents (primarily Spanish-speaking) reported significantly low EE (POR = 0.22, P = 0.03) and PA (POR = 0.09, P = 0.001) scores. Residents from the United States or Canada who reported English as their primary language and noted their race as white, had high EE (POR = 3.06, P = 0.03; POR = 5.61, P = 0.0001; POR = 2.91, P = 0.004), DP (POR = 3.19, P = 0.02; POR = 8.34, P < or = 0.0001; POR = 4.70, P < or = 0.0001) and PA (POR = 2.61, P = 0.02; POR = 2.35, P = 0.05, POR 0.29, P = 0.3) scores. Using valid measures, this pilot study identified a statistically significant relationship between burnout and residents' race/ethnicity, primary language, and cultural background. Larger studies with similar focus would be necessary to generalize these findings. At-risk residents in bilingual locations should be provided with cultural awareness workshops, language assistance programs, as well as senior resident and faculty mentors.

75 FR 32094 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-07

... OBSTACLE DP, ORIG 1-Jul-10 TX DALLAS ADDISON 0/6690 4/21/10 TAKEOFF MINIMUMS AND OBSTACLE DP, AMDT 5 1-Jul.../10 ILS OR LOC RWY 10R, AMDT 3 1-Jul-10 PA LOCK HAVEN WILLIAM T. PIPER 0/9245 5/12/10 RNAV (GPS)-1...

Density functional theory study of lithium diffusion at the interface between olivine-type LiFePO4 and LiMnPO4

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shi, Jianjian; Wang, Zhiguo; Qing Fu, Yong

2016-12-01

Coating LiMnPO4 with a thin layer of LiFePO4 shows a better electrochemical performance than the pure LiFePO4 and LiMnPO4, thus it is critical to understand Li diffusion at their interfaces to improve the performance of electrode materials. Li diffusion at the (1 0 0)\\text{LiFeP{{\\text{O}}4}} //(1 0 0)\\text{LiMnP{{\\text{O}}4}} , (0 1 0)\\text{LiFeP{{\\text{O}}4}} //(0 1 0)\\text{LiMnP{{\\text{O}}4}} , and (0 0 1)\\text{LiFeP{{\\text{O}}4}} //(0 0 1)\\text{LiMnP{{\\text{O}}4}} interfaces between LiFePO4 and LiMnPO4 was investigated using density functional theory. The calculated diffusion energy barriers are 0.55 eV for Li to diffuse along the (0 0 1) interface, 0.44 and 0.49 eV for the Li diffusion inside the LiMnPO4 and along the (1 0 0) interface, respectively. When Li diffuses from the LiFePO4 to LiMnPO4 by passing through the (0 1 0) interfaces, the diffusion barriers are 0.45 and 0.60 eV for the Li diffusions in both sides. The diffusion barriers for Li to diffuse in LiMnPO4 near the interfaces decrease compared with those in the pure LiMnPO4. The calculated diffusion coefficient of Li along the (1 0 0) interface is in the range of 3.65  ×  10-11-5.28  ×  10-12 cm2 s-1, which is larger than that in the pure LiMnPO4 with a value of 7.5  ×  10-14 cm2 s-1. Therefore, the charging/discharging rate performance of the LiMnPO4 can be improved by surface coating with the LiFePO4.

Turbulent heat transfer and nanofluid flow in a protruded ribbed square passage

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, Sunil; Kothiyal, Alok Darshan; Bisht, Mangal Singh; Kumar, Anil

In this article, turbulent heat transfer of nanofluid flow in square passage with protruded rib shape is numerically and experimentally studied over Reynolds number ranges of 4000-18000. Different nanoparticles (Al2O3, CuO, and ZnO), with different concentration (φ) range of 1-4% and different nanoparticle diameter (dnp) range of 30-45 nm are disperse in water (base fluid). Several parameters such as stream wise distance (Xs /dp) range of 1.4-2.6, span wise distance (Ys /dp) range of 1.4-2.6, ratio of protruded height to print diameter (ep /dp) range of 0.83-1.67 also studied to find the consequence on thermal and hydrodynamic characteristics. Simulations were carried out to obtain heat and fluid flow behaviour of smooth and ribbed square channel using commercial CFD software, ANSYS 15.0 (Fluent). Renormalization k - ε model was employed to assess the influence of protruded ribs on turbulent flow and velocity field. The outcome indicates that Al2O3 nanofluid has the highest value of average Nusselt number as compare to other nanofluids. The average Nusselt number increases as the concentration increases and it decreases as nanoparticle diameter increases. The thermal hydrodynamic performance parameter based on equal pumping power, average Nusselt number and average friction factor were found to be highest for Al2O3, φ = 0.04, dnp = 30 nm, Xs /dp = 1.8, Ys /dp = 1.8 and ep /dp = 1.0 . The numerical data are compared with the corresponding experimental data. Comparison between CFD and experimental analysis results showed that good agreement as the data fell within ±7.0% error band.

Popliteal versus tibial retrograde access for subintimal arterial flossing with antegrade-retrograde intervention (SAFARI) technique.

PubMed

Hua, W R; Yi, M Q; Min, T L; Feng, S N; Xuan, L Z; Xing, J

2013-08-01

This study aimed to ascertain differences in benefit and effectiveness of popliteal versus tibial retrograde access in subintimal arterial flossing with the antegrade-retrograde intervention (SAFARI) technique. This was a retrospective study of SAFARI-assisted stenting for long chronic total occlusion (CTO) of TASC C and D superficial femoral lesions. 38 cases had superficial femoral artery lesions (23 TASC C and 15 TASC D). All 38 cases underwent SAFARI-assisted stenting. The ipsilateral popliteal artery was retrogradely punctured in 17 patients. A distal posterior tibial (PT) or dorsalis pedis (DP) artery was retrogradely punctured in 21 patients, and 16 of them were punctured after open surgical exposure. SAFARI technical success was achieved in all cases. There was no significant difference in 1-year primary patency (75% vs. 78.9%, p = .86), secondary patency (81.2% vs. 84.2%, p = .91) and access complications (p = 1.00) between popliteal and tibial retrograde access. There was statistical difference in operation time between popliteal (140.1 ± 28.4 min) and tibial retrograde access with PT/DP punctures after surgical vessel exposure (120.4 ± 23.0 min, p = .04). The SAFARI technique is a safe and feasible option for patients with infrainguinal CTO (TASC II C and D). The PT or DP as the retrograde access after surgical vessel exposure is a good choice when using the SAFARI technique. Copyright © 2013 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effect of different dry period lengths on milk production and somatic cell count in subsequent lactations in commercial Dutch dairy herds.

PubMed

Steeneveld, W; Schukken, Y H; van Knegsel, A T M; Hogeveen, H

2013-05-01

Shortening the dry period (DP) has been proposed as a management strategy to improve energy balance in early lactation. It is well known that both shortening and complete omission of the DP reduces milk production in the subsequent lactations. In most of these studies milk production data were obtained from planned animal experiments where cows were randomly assigned to DP length treatments, and cow management and diet composition did not differ among treatments. It may therefore be hypothesized that cows on commercial herds which apply a no-DP or short-DP-strategy, and support this by management adjustments, will have a less dramatic reduction in milk production. In this study, milk production and somatic cell count (SCC) following different DP lengths was investigated under commercial circumstances. Milk production of 342 cows (2,077 test-day records) was available from 5 Dutch commercial dairy herds which started a no DP-strategy for all cows. Test days of the year before applying the no-DP strategy are used as control (323 cows, 1,717 test-day records). Six other herds applied an individual cow approach and have different preplanned DP lengths within one herd. From these herds, information on 81 cows (482 test-day records) with a DP length between 0 and 20 d, 127 cows (925 test-day records) with a DP length between 21 and 35 d, and 143 cows (1,075 test-day records) with a DP length of more than 35 d was available. A generalized linear model incorporating an autoregressive covariance structure accounting for repeated test-day yields within cow was developed to estimate the daily yield (milk, fat and protein) and SCC of all cows. Applying no DP for all cows in the herd resulted in a reduction in postpartum milk production compared with within-herd control lactations (until 305 DIM) between 3.2 and 9.1 kg/d, which was a reduction of 12 and 32%, respectively. For the 6 herds that applied an individual cow approach with different preplanned DP lengths, the cow-specific DP strategy was based on milk production and SCC approximately 2 mo before calving. Cows with a preplanned DP length ranging between 0 and 20 d had a reduction in postpartum milk production between 5.7 and 13 kg/d compared with cows with a DP length of >35 d. Cows with a preplanned DP length ranging from 21 to 35 d had a numerically lower milk production (between 0.6 and 5.3 kg/d) than cows with a preplanned DP length of >35 d, but this difference was significant in only one herd. When corrected for milk yield, no difference in postpartum SCC for cows with different DP lengths was found. Copyright © 2013 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Ultrarapid Inductive Rewarming of Vitrified Biomaterials with Thin Metal Forms.

PubMed

Manuchehrabadi, Navid; Shi, Meng; Roy, Priyatanu; Han, Zonghu; Qiu, Jinbin; Xu, Feng; Lu, Tian Jian; Bischof, John

2018-06-19

Arteries with 1-mm thick walls can be successfully vitrified by loading cryoprotective agents (CPAs) such as VS55 (8.4 M) or less concentrated DP6 (6 M) and cooling at or beyond their critical cooling rates of 2.5 and 40 °C/min, respectively. Successful warming from this vitrified state, however, can be challenging. For example, convective warming by simple warm-bath immersion achieves 70 °C/min, which is faster than VS55's critical warming rate of 55 °C/min, but remains far below that of DP6 (185 °C/min). Here we present a new method that can dramatically increase the warming rates within either a solution or tissue by inductively warming commercially available metal components placed within solutions or in proximity to tissues with non-invasive radiofrequency fields (360 kHz, 20 kA/m). Directly measured warming rates within solutions exceeded 1000 °C/min with specific absorption rates (W/g) of 100, 450 and 1000 for copper foam, aluminum foil, and nitinol mesh, respectively. As proof of principle, a carotid artery diffusively loaded with VS55 and DP6 CPA was successfully warmed with high viability using aluminum foil, while standard convection failed for the DP6 loaded tissue. Modeling suggests this approach can improve warming in tissues up to 4-mm thick where diffusive loading of CPA may be incomplete. Finally, this technology is not dependent on the size of the system and should therefore scale up where convection cannot.

Grape variety effect on proanthocyanidin composition and sensory perception of skin and seed tannin extracts from bordeaux wine grapes (Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot) for two consecutive vintages (2006 and 2007).

PubMed

Chira, Kleopatra; Schmauch, Gregory; Saucier, Cédric; Fabre, Sandy; Teissedre, Pierre-Louis

2009-01-28

Grape variety [Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) and Merlot (M)] effect on the proanthocyanidin composition and sensory perception of wine grapes from Bordeaux vineyards for two successive vintages (2006 and 2007) is reported. The flavan-3-ol monomers [(+)-catechin = C, (-)-epicatechin = EC, (-)-epicatechin-O-gallatte = ECG] and the proanthocyanidin oligomers [dimers B1, B2, B3, and B4 and trimer Cat-Cat-Epi (T)] in grape seed and skin tannin extracts were identified and quantified at harvest. Proanthocyanidin subunit compositions, percentage of galloylation (%G), and percentage of prodelphinidins (%P) as well as mean degree of polymerization (mDP) of the proanthocyanidin fraction were determined. Sensory analysis concerning the astringency and bitterness intensity of the proanthocyanidins of skin and seed tannin extracts was also performed. The results showed that proanthocyanidin composition can be greatly affected by grape variety. For both vintages between CS and M, significant differences were found on mDP (p < 0.05) in seed tannin extracts, whereas in skin tannin extracts, significant differences were observed for %G and %P (p < 0.05). Sensory analysis showed that grape variety influenced neither astringency nor bitterness intensity perception for both skin and seed tannin extracts for the two successive vintages studied. A positive correlation was found between astringency intensity, mDP, and B3 content in skin tannin extracts.

Evidence from mathematical modeling that carbonic anhydrase II and IV enhance CO2 fluxes across Xenopus oocyte plasma membranes

PubMed Central

Musa-Aziz, Raif; Boron, Walter F.

2014-01-01

Exposing an oocyte to CO2/HCO3− causes intracellular pH (pHi) to decline and extracellular-surface pH (pHS) to rise to a peak and decay. The two companion papers showed that oocytes injected with cytosolic carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) or expressing surface CA IV exhibit increased maximal rate of pHi change (dpHi/dt)max, increased maximal pHS changes (ΔpHS), and decreased time constants for pHi decline and pHS decay. Here we investigate these results using refinements of an earlier mathematical model of CO2 influx into a spherical cell. Refinements include 1) reduced cytosolic water content, 2) reduced cytosolic diffusion constants, 3) refined CA II activity, 4) layer of intracellular vesicles, 5) reduced membrane CO2 permeability, 6) microvilli, 7) refined CA IV activity, 8) a vitelline membrane, and 9) a new simulation protocol for delivering and removing the bulk extracellular CO2/HCO3− solution. We show how these features affect the simulated pHi and pHS transients and use the refined model with the experimental data for 1.5% CO2/10 mM HCO3− (pHo = 7.5) to find parameter values that approximate ΔpHS, the time to peak pHS, the time delay to the start of the pHi change, (dpHi/dt)max, and the change in steady-state pHi. We validate the revised model against data collected as we vary levels of CO2/HCO3− or of extracellular HEPES buffer. The model confirms the hypothesis that CA II and CA IV enhance transmembrane CO2 fluxes by maximizing CO2 gradients across the plasma membrane, and it predicts that the pH effects of simultaneously implementing intracellular and extracellular-surface CA are supra-additive. PMID:24965589

Infant communication and subsequent language development in children from low-income families: the role of early cognitive stimulation.

PubMed

Cates, Carolyn Brockmeyer; Dreyer, Benard P; Berkule, Samantha B; White, Lisa J; Arevalo, Jenny A; Mendelsohn, Alan L

2012-09-01

To explore the relationship between early cognitive stimulation in the home, 6-month infant communication, and 24-month toddler language in a low-socioeconomic status sample. Longitudinal analyses of mother-child dyads participating in larger study of early child development were performed. Dyads enrolled postpartum in an urban public hospital. Cognitive stimulation in the home at 6 months was assessed using StimQ-lnfant, including provision of toys, shared reading, teaching, and verbal responsivity. Early infant communication was assessed at 6 months including the following: (1) Emotion and eye gaze (Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scale DP-CSBS DP), (2) Communicative bids (CSBS DP), and (3) Expression of emotion (Short Temperament Scale for Infants). Toddler language was assessed at 24 months using the Preschool Language Scale-4, including the following: (1) expressive language and (2) auditory comprehension. Three hundred twenty families were assessed. In structural equation models, cognitive stimulation in the home was strongly associated with early infant communication (β = 0.63, p <.0001) and was predictive of 24-month language (β = 0.20, p <.05). The effect of early cognitive stimulation on 24-month language was mediated through early impacts on infant communication (Indirect β = 0.28, p =.001). Reading, teaching, availability of learning materials, and other reciprocal verbal interactions were all related directly to infant communication and indirectly to language outcomes. The impact of early cognitive stimulation on toddler language is manifested through early associations with infant communication. Pediatric primary care providers should promote cognitive stimulation beginning in early infancy and support the expansion and dissemination of intervention programs such as Reach Out and Read and the Video Interaction Project.

Screening for autism in preterm children with extremely low and very low birth weight

PubMed Central

Dudova, Iva; Kasparova, Martina; Markova, Daniela; Zemankova, Jana; Beranova, Stepanka; Urbanek, Tomas; Hrdlicka, Michal

2014-01-01

Background Studies of children with very low birth weight (VLBW, 1,000–1,500 g) and extremely low birth weight (ELBW, less than 1,000 g) indicate that this population seems to be at increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods Parents of 101 VLBW and ELBW children (age 2 years, corrected for prematurity) agreed to participate in the study and signed informed consents; however, parents of only 75 children (44 boys, 31 girls) completed the screening questionnaires. The screening battery included the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT), Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile Infant-Toddler Checklist (CSBS-DP-ITC), and the Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile (ITSP). Children with disabilities were excluded. All children who screened positive on any of the screening tools were subsequently invited for a detailed assessment. Results Thirty-two children (42.7%) screened positive on at least one of the screening questionnaires. The screening tool with the most positive results was the CSBS-DP-ITC (26 positive screens), followed by the M-CHAT (19 positive screens) and the ITSP (11 positive screens). Of the 32 children who tested positive, 19 participated in the detailed follow-up assessment. A diagnosis of ASD was confirmed in eight of the 19 children. ASD prevalence, calculated from those 19 children and those with negative screening results (43 children), yielded a prevalence of 12.9% in the sample. The difference in frequency of positive screens between the tests was significant (P=0.011). In pair comparisons, ITSP was found to be significantly less positive than CSBS-DP-ITC (P=0.032). No significant differences were found between the M-CHAT and CSBS-DP-ITC or between the M-CHAT and ITSP. Conclusion The results strongly support the hypothesis of an increased prevalence of autism in children with a birth weight less than 1,500 g. PMID:24627633

Orbital period variations of two W UMa-type binaries: UY UMa and EF Boo

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Yun-Xia; Zhang, Xu-Dong; Hu, Ke; Xiang, Fu-Yuan

2017-08-01

The orbital period variations of two W UMa-type contact binaries, UY UMa and EF Boo, are analyzed by using all available times of light minimum. It is detected that the general trends of their (O - C) curves show an upward parabolic variation, which reveals their continuous period increases at the rates of dP / dt = 2.545 ×10-7 days yr-1 and dP / dt = 2.623 ×10-7 days yr-1 , respectively. Meanwhile, UY UMa also shows a cyclic period variation with a small amplitude of A = 0.0026 days superposed on the long-term increase. Due to their contact configurations, the secular period increases are interpreted as a result of mass transfer from the less massive component to the more massive one. The cyclic period variation of UY UMa may be interpreted in terms of either the magnetic activity or the light time effect.

Determinants of a simulated cross-country skiing sprint competition using V2 skating technique on roller skis.

PubMed

Mikkola, Jussi; Laaksonen, Marko; Holmberg, Hans-Christer; Vesterinen, Ville; Nummela, Ari

2010-04-01

The present study investigated the performance-predicting factors of a simulated cross-country (XC) skiing sprint competition on roller skis, on a slow surface. Sixteen elite male XC skiers performed a simulated sprint competition (4 x 850 m heat with a 20-minute recovery) using V2 skating technique on an indoor tartan track. Heat velocities, oxygen consumption, and peak lactate were measured during or after the heats. Maximal skiing velocity was measured by performing a 30-m speed test. Explosive and maximal force production in the upper body was determined by bench press (BP). Subjects also performed maximal anaerobic skiing test (MAST) and the 2 x 2-km double poling (DP) test. The maximal velocity of MAST (VMAST) and velocities at 3 (V3), 5 (V5), 7 (V7) mmol.L lactate levels in MAST were determined. In the 2 x 2-km test, DP economy (VO2SUBDP) and maximal 2-km DP velocity (VDP2KM) were determined. The best single performance-predicting factors for the sprint performance were VDP2KM (r = 0.73, p < 0.01), V7 (r = 0.70, p < 0.01), and VO2SUBDP (r = -0.70, p < 0.01). Faster skiers in sprint simulation had a higher absolute VO2 (L.min) (p < 0.05-0.01) during sprint heats, and higher anaerobic skiing power (VMAST, p < 0.05) and better anaerobic skiing economy (V3, V5, V7, p < 0.05-0.001) than slower skiers. Faster skiers were also stronger in BP, with regard to both absolute (p < 0.01) and relative (p < 0.05) values. In addition, anaerobic characteristics seem to be of importance at the beginning of the XC skiing sprint competition, whereas the aerobic characteristics become more important as the XC skiing sprint competition progressed. This study indicates that sprint skiers should emphasize sport-specific upper body training, and training skiing economy at high speeds.

NOX2-mediated arterial dysfunction in smokers: acute effect of dark chocolate.

PubMed

Loffredo, Lorenzo; Carnevale, Roberto; Perri, Ludovica; Catasca, Elisa; Augelletti, Teresa; Cangemi, Roberto; Albanese, Fabiana; Piccheri, Cristina; Nocella, Cristina; Pignatelli, Pasquale; Violi, Francesco

2011-11-01

Cocoa seems to exert artery dilatation via oxidative stress inhibition but the mechanism is still unclear. To investigate whether in smokers, dark chocolate elicits artery dilatation via down-regulation of NOX2, the catalytic core of NADPH oxidase. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), oxidative stress (as assessed by urinary isoprostanes excretion), nitric oxide generation (as assessed by serum levels of nitrite/nitrate (NOx)), NOX2 activity (as assessed by blood levels of soluble NOX2 derived peptide (sNOX2-dp)) and serum epicatechin were studied in 20 smokers and 20 healthy subjects (HS) in a crossover, single-blind study. Patients were randomly allocated to 40 g dark chocolate (>85% cocoa) or 40 g of milk chocolate (≤35% cocoa). FMD, urinary isoprostanes, NOx and sNOX2-dp were assessed at baseline and 2 h after chocolate ingestion. Smokers had lower FMD and NOx and higher sNOX2-dp compared to HS. After dark chocolate intake, urinary isoprostanes and sNOX2-dp significantly decreased and FMD and NOx significantly increased in smokers but not in HS. No changes of the above variables were observed after milk chocolate intake. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that in smokers the only independent predictive variable associated with a change in FMD was a change in sNOX2-dp. Serum epicatechin increased in either group only after dark chocolate intake, reaching values higher than 0.1 μM. Platelets from smokers (n=5), but not from HS (n=5), showed lower p47(phox) translocation to platelet membrane and higher NOx when incubated with 0.1-10 μM epicatechin. Results suggest that in smokers, cocoa enhances artery dilatation by lowering of NOX2 activation.

Trunk coordination in healthy and chronic nonspecific low back pain subjects during repetitive flexion-extension tasks: Effects of movement asymmetry, velocity and load.

PubMed

Mokhtarinia, Hamid Reza; Sanjari, Mohammad Ali; Chehrehrazi, Mahshid; Kahrizi, Sedigheh; Parnianpour, Mohamad

2016-02-01

Multiple joint interactions are critical to produce stable coordinated movements and can be influenced by low back pain and task conditions. Inter-segmental coordination pattern and variability were assessed in subjects with and without chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP). Kinematic data were collected from 22 CNSLBP and 22 healthy volunteers during repeated trunk flexion-extension in various conditions of symmetry, velocity, and loading; each at two levels. Sagittal plane angular data were time normalized and used to calculate continuous relative phase for each data point. Mean absolute relative phase (MARP) and deviation phase (DP) were derived to quantify lumbar-pelvis and pelvis-thigh coordination patterns and variability. Statistical analysis revealed more in-phase coordination pattern in CNSLBP (p=0.005). There was less adaptation in the DP for the CNSLBP group, as shown by interactions of Group by Load (p=.008) and Group by Symmetry by Velocity (p=.03) for the DP of pelvis-thigh and lumbar-pelvis couplings, respectively. Asymmetric (p<0.001) and loaded (p=0.04) conditions caused less in-phase coordination. Coordination variability was higher during asymmetric and low velocity conditions (p<0.001). In conclusion, coordination pattern and variability could be influenced by trunk flexion-extension conditions. CNSLBP subjects demonstrated less adaptability of movement pattern to the demands of the flexion-extension task. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Biodegradation of diuron by an endophytic fungus Neurospora intermedia DP8-1 isolated from sugarcane and its potential for remediating diuron-contaminated soils

PubMed Central

Feng, Guojun; Du, Liangwei; Zeng, Dongqiang

2017-01-01

A diuron-degrading endophyte DP8-1 was isolated from sugarcane root grown in diuron-treated soil in the present study. The endophyte was identified as Neurospora intermedia based on the morphological characteristics and sequence analysis. The fermentation parameters including temperature, pH, inoculation size, carbon source, and initial diuron concentration were also investigated for the optimization of degradation efficiency. The results indicated that strain DP8-1 was capable of degrading up to 99% diuron within 3 days under the optimal degrading condition. The study of degradation spectrum indicated that strain DP8-1 could also degrade and utilize fenuron, monuron, metobromuron, isoproturon, chlorbromuron, linuron, and chlortoluron as substrate for strain growth. On basis of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis for the products of the degradation of diuron, strain DP8-1 metabolized diuron to produce N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-urea and N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-methylurea through sequential N-dealkylations. In a soil bioaugmentation experiment, the inoculation of strain DP8-1 into diuron-treated soil effectively enhanced the disappearance rate of diuron. PMID:28809955

Cardiac valve orifice equation independent of valvular flow intervals: application to mitral valve area computation in mitral stenosis and comparison with the Gorlin formula and direct anatomical measurements.

PubMed

Seitz, W; Marino, P; Zanolla, L; Buonanno, C; McIlroy, M; Spiel, M

1984-11-01

An orifice equation is developed which relates the effective mitral valve area (A), the average mitral valve pressure gradient (dP), the cardiac output (Q) and the heart frequency (f) through considerations of momentum conservation across the mitral valve. The form of the new equation is A = (4.75 X 10(-5)Qf/dP, where A, Q, and dP are expressed in cm2, ml X min-1 and mmHg respectively. Mitral valve areas computed with the new orifice formula are found to correlate with those computed by the Gorlin formula in conditions of equilibrium associated with the resting state at a level of r = 0.95, SE = 0.15 cm2, with autopsy measurements at a level of r = 0.85, SE = 0.18 cm2 and with direct anatomical measurements of excised valves at a level of r = 0.78, SE = 0.41 cm2. The results suggest that the new formula may be considered as an independent orifice equation enjoying a similar domain of validity as the Gorlin formula. The new equation offers the possibility of deriving additional useful haemodynamic relationships when used in combination with established cardiological formulas.

Analysis of Cocoa Proanthocyanidins Using Reversed Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Electrochemical Detection: Application to Studies on the Effect of Alkaline Processing.

PubMed

Stanley, Todd H; Smithson, Andrew T; Neilson, Andrew P; Anantheswaran, Ramaswamy C; Lambert, Joshua D

2015-07-01

Flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins play a key role in the health beneficial effects of cocoa. Here, we developed a new reversed phased high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD) method for the analysis of flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins of degree of polymerization (DP) 2-7. We used this method to examine the effect of alkalization on polyphenol composition of cocoa powder. Treatment of cocoa powder with NaOH (final pH 8.0) at 92 °C for up to 1 h increased catechin content by 40%, but reduced epicatechin and proanthocyanidins by 23-66%. Proanthocyanidin loss could be modeled using a two-phase exponential decay model (R(2) > 0.7 for epicatchin and proanthocyanidins of odd DP). Alkalization resulted in a significant color change and 20% loss of total polyphenols. The present work demonstrates the first use of HPLC-ECD for the detection of proanthocyanidins up to DP 7 and provides an initial predictive model for the effect of alkali treatment on cocoa polyphenols.

Quantification of disc displacement in internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint using magnetic resonance imaging.

PubMed

Arayasantiparb, Raweewan; Tsuchimochi, Makoto

2010-02-01

Many measures have been developed to determine the extent of disc displacement in internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) using magnetic resonance imaging. The purpose of this study was to develop a quantitative method of analyzing disc position and to evaluate the positions of the disc in internal derangements of the TMJ (group 1, with reduction; group 2, without reduction). Magnetic resonance images of 150 TMJs in 20 healthy volunteers and 55 patients with internal derangements were evaluated. The anatomical points of interest of the TMJ, including the anterior (DA) and posterior (DP) points of the disc, were marked on parasagittal magnetic resonance images of the TMJ disc taken in both the closed- and the open-mouth positions. All points were recorded using an x-y coordinate system, with reference to a referral line. In the closed-mouth position, the DP in patients in group 1 was situated in a more-anterior direction than the DP in volunteers. The DP in group 2 was located further anterior and inferior than the DP in group 1. However, the position of the DA did not differ between group 1 and group 2. In the open-mouth position, the DP was displaced anteroinferiorly to a greater extent in group 2 than in group 1 (one-way ANOVA, followed by Scheffe's test; P < 0.0001). The distance between the disc points in the closed- and open-mouth positions was also evaluated. Comparison of the disc point position in the closed- and open-mouth positions in symptomatic and asymptomatic displaced TMJ discs revealed no significant difference. In conclusion, most of our results quantitatively support previously reported findings in imaging, surgical, and histopathological studies of TMJ internal derangement. We suggest that our measure of disc position of the TMJ would be useful to assess the status and response to treatment of internal derangements of the TMJ.

Differences among total and in vitro digestible phosphorus content of meat and milk products.

PubMed

Karp, Heini; Ekholm, Päivi; Kemi, Virpi; Hirvonen, Tero; Lamberg-Allardt, Christel

2012-05-01

Meat and milk products are important sources of dietary phosphorus (P) and protein. The use of P additives is common both in processed cheese and meat products. Measurement of in vitro digestible phosphorus (DP) content of foods may reflect absorbability of P. The objective of this study was to measure both total phosphorus (TP) and DP contents of selected meat and milk products and to compare amounts of TP and DP and the proportion of DP to TP among different foods. TP and DP contents of 21 meat and milk products were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). In DP analysis, samples were digested enzymatically, in principle, in the same way as in the alimentary canal before the analyses. The most popular national brands of meat and milk products were chosen for analysis. The highest TP and DP contents were found in processed and hard cheeses; the lowest, in milk and cottage cheese. TP and DP contents in sausages and cold cuts were lower than those in cheeses. Chicken, pork, beef, and rainbow trout contained similar amounts of TP, but slightly more variation was found in their DP contents. Foods containing P additives have a high content of DP. Our study confirms that cottage cheese and unenhanced meats are better choices than processed or hard cheeses, sausages, and cold cuts for chronic kidney disease patients, based on their lower P-to-protein ratios and sodium contents. The results support previous findings of better P absorbability in foods of animal origin than in, for example, legumes. Copyright © 2012 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

An Analysis of Coherent Digital Receivers in the Presence of Colored Noise Interference.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-06-01

115 6.4 Pe for Det-erministic Jamnmers, JSR = 0.01, E0.3---------------------------------------------116 6.5 Pe for Deterministic Jamnmers, JSR = 0.1...k k where h p(t) and hhi(t) are the particular and homogeneous solutions, respectively, to a differential equation derived from the Fredholm I...yields 2 2D(s2)c (s) = N(s ) (3.4)c Multiplication by s corresponds to differentiation with respect to t in the time domain. So, Eq. (3.4) becomes D(p 2)K

The development of magnetic degradable DP-Bioglass for hyperthermia cancer therapy.

PubMed

Wang, Tzu-Wei; Wu, Hsi-Chin; Wang, Wei-Ren; Lin, Feng-Huei; Lou, Pei-Jen; Shieh, Ming-Jium; Young, Tai-Horng

2007-12-01

In this study, a novel magnetic degradable material was developed by adding Fe ions into DP-Bioglass (Na(2)O-CaO-P(2)O(5)-SiO(2)) as thermoseed for hyperthermia cancer therapy under an alternating magnetic field. We have investigated the properties of developed magnetic DP-Bioglass including morphology, chemical composition, and magnetism. The degradability was conducted by measuring the released concentrations of Na, Ca, Si, P, and Fe ions. The biocompatibility was analyzed by biological assays, and the functional hyperthermia effect to cancer cells was evaluated by in vitro cell culture test. In the results, the morphology of synthesized magnetic DP-Bioglass was revealed in sphere and rod shape with particle size around 50-100 nm. From the hysteresis loop analysis, it showed that the group of Fe/Bioglass = 0.2 possessed the maximum magnetization property. When cultured with fibroblasts, the magnetic DP-Bioglass had no significant influence on cell viability and mediated low cytotoxicity. The thermal-induced property demonstrated that after exposure to an alternating magnetic field, the cell number of human Caucasian lung carcinoma cells (A549) was significantly decreased when temperature was increasing to 45 degrees C. In brief, successfully incorporated with Fe ions by sol-gel method, this magnetic degradable DP-Bioglass possessed the potential and properties of hyperthermia effect to lung carcinoma cells. Copyright 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Distillation irrigation: a low-energy process for coupling water purification and drip irrigation

USGS Publications Warehouse

Constantz, J.

1989-01-01

A method is proposed for combining solar distillation and drip irrigation to simultaneously desalinize water and apply this water to row crops. In this paper, the basic method is illustrated by a simple device constructed primarily of sheets of plastic, which uses solar energy to distill impaired water and apply the distillate to a widely spaced row crop. To predict the performance of the proposed device, an empirical equation for distillate production, dp, is developed from reported solar still production rates, and a modified Jensen-Haise equation is used to calculate the potential evapotranspiration, et, for a row crop. Monthly values for et and dp are calculated by using a generalized row crop at five locations in the Western United States. Calculated et values range from 1 to 22 cm month-1 and calculated dp values range from 2 to 11 cm month-1, depending on the location, the month, and the crop average. When the sum of dp plus precipitation, dp + P, is compared to et for the case of 50% distillation irrigation system coverage, the results indicate that the crop's et is matched by dp + P, at the cooler locations only. However, when the system coverage is increased to 66%, the crop's et is matched by dp + P even at the hottest location. Potential advantages of distillation irrigation include the ability: (a) to convert impaired water resources to water containing no salts or sediments; and (b) to efficiently and automatically irrigate crops at a rate that is controlled primarily by radiation intensities. The anticipated disadvantages of distillation irrigation include: (a) the high costs of a system, due to the large amounts of sheeting required, the short lifetime of the sheeting, and the physically cumbersome nature of a system; (b) the need for a widely spaced crop to reduce shading of the system by the crop; and (c) the production of a concentrated brine or precipitate, requiring proper off-site disposal. ?? 1989.

The impact of ADHD symptoms and global impairment in childhood on working disability in mid-adulthood: a 28-year follow-up study using official disability pension records in a high-risk in-patient population

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Individuals with ADHD have been associated with more employment difficulties in early adulthood than healthy community controls. To examine whether this association is attributable specifically to disturbance of activity and attention (ADHD) or to psychopathology in general, we wanted to extend existing research by comparing the rate of mid-adulthood working disabilities for individuals diagnosed with ADHD as children with the rate for clinical controls diagnosed with either conduct disorder, emotional disorder or mixed disorder of conduct and emotions. Methods Former Norwegian child-psychiatric in-patients (n = 257) were followed up 17–39 years after hospitalization by record linkage to the Norwegian national registry of disability pension (DP) awards. Based on the hospital records, the patients were re-diagnosed according to ICD-10. Associations between the diagnoses, other baseline factors and subsequent DP were investigated using Kaplan–Meier survival analyses and logrank testing. Results At follow-up, 19% of the participants had received a DP award. In the logrank testing, ADHD was the only disorder associated with a subsequent DP, with 30% being disabled at follow-up (p = 0.01). Low psychosocial functioning (assessed by the Children’s Global Assessment Scale) at admission uniquely predicted future DP (p = 0.04). Conclusions ADHD in childhood was highly associated with later receiving a DP. Our finding of worse prognosis in ADHD compared with other internalizing and externalizing disorders in mid-adulthood supports the assumption of ADHD being specifically linked to working disability. Assessment of psychosocial functioning in addition to diagnostic features could enhance prediction of children who are most at risk of future disability. PMID:23083209

The impact of ADHD symptoms and global impairment in childhood on working disability in mid-adulthood: a 28-year follow-up study using official disability pension records in a high-risk in-patient population.

PubMed

Mordre, Marianne; Groholt, Berit; Sandstad, Berit; Myhre, Anne Margrethe

2012-10-19

Individuals with ADHD have been associated with more employment difficulties in early adulthood than healthy community controls. To examine whether this association is attributable specifically to disturbance of activity and attention (ADHD) or to psychopathology in general, we wanted to extend existing research by comparing the rate of mid-adulthood working disabilities for individuals diagnosed with ADHD as children with the rate for clinical controls diagnosed with either conduct disorder, emotional disorder or mixed disorder of conduct and emotions. Former Norwegian child-psychiatric in-patients (n = 257) were followed up 17-39 years after hospitalization by record linkage to the Norwegian national registry of disability pension (DP) awards. Based on the hospital records, the patients were re-diagnosed according to ICD-10. Associations between the diagnoses, other baseline factors and subsequent DP were investigated using Kaplan-Meier survival analyses and logrank testing. At follow-up, 19% of the participants had received a DP award. In the logrank testing, ADHD was the only disorder associated with a subsequent DP, with 30% being disabled at follow-up (p = 0.01). Low psychosocial functioning (assessed by the Children's Global Assessment Scale) at admission uniquely predicted future DP (p = 0.04). ADHD in childhood was highly associated with later receiving a DP. Our finding of worse prognosis in ADHD compared with other internalizing and externalizing disorders in mid-adulthood supports the assumption of ADHD being specifically linked to working disability. Assessment of psychosocial functioning in addition to diagnostic features could enhance prediction of children who are most at risk of future disability.

Comparison of Outcomes with Hand-sewn Versus Stapler Closure of Pancreatic Stump in Distal Pancreatectomy.

PubMed

Futagawa, Yasuro; Takano, Yuki; Furukawa, Kenei; Kanehira, Masaru; Onda, Shinji; Sakamoto, Taro; Gocho, Takeshi; Shiba, Hiroaki; Yanaga, Katsuhiko

2017-05-01

The optimal method for pancreatic stump closure to prevent postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after distal pancreatectomy (DP), remains controversial though DP is still the only curative treatment for pancreatic cancer and other malignancies located on pancreatic body or tail. A total of 44 patients who consecutively underwent open DP were retrospectively analyzed, dividing them into two groups: group H (hand-sewn; n=24) and group S (stapler closure; n=20). POPFs were encountered in 5 (21%) and 11 (55%) patients in groups H and S, respectively (p=0.02). POPFs of Clavien-Dindo grade IIIa or above were observed in two (8%) and seven (35%) patients in groups H and S, respectively (p=0.03). When indicating stapler closure, caution should be exercised for pancreatic consistency and thickness, device and cartridge type, and pancreatic duct ligation to more effectively control POPF rates. Copyright© 2017, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.

The Production of the AGARD Multilingual Aeronautical Dictionary Using Computer Techniques,

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-04-01

INl 10161 AnfliigknapuN if) 1 6877 Abatugalau (t) 10068 Ahkjntut, . fiI 10642 Anftigkannolfea (I1867 Ah.ug nng ft) 10062 skususocl, Aussabiohung 111...jA jin00 I.... (. . 167 ipndn I10063 ni-- M--1 M 13632 dAjinn!,-O In -1611’nn .*,.oIi P67 ,n . , 10062 d..-0a~ 1-014~~ /V *A 10064 .. n.lj If).t~ 1016...oilnn~nnn (0621 I) 10062 dnp4In.,l*tI0q 18891 aalln’." I/) IWAn.,0I 104s 16 0 ......nln In) )-d/ IVAann.. 14606 ipinO n W66 eggs~ l d n/njf l (If) d~p

The role of anisotropic expansion for pulmonary acinar aerosol deposition

PubMed Central

Hofemeier, Philipp; Sznitman, Josué

2016-01-01

Lung deformations at the local pulmonary acinar scale are intrinsically anisotropic. Despite progress in imaging modalities, the true heterogeneous nature of acinar expansion during breathing remains controversial, where our understanding of inhaled aerosol deposition still widely emanates from studies under self-similar, isotropic wall motions. Building on recent 3D models of multi-generation acinar networks, we explore in numerical simulations how different hypothesized scenarios of anisotropic expansion influence deposition outcomes of inhaled aerosols in the acinar depths. While the broader range of particles acknowledged to reach the acinar region (dp = 0.005–5.0 μm) are largely unaffected by the details of anisotropic expansion under tidal breathing, our results suggest nevertheless that anisotropy modulates the deposition sites and fractions for a narrow band of sub-micron particles (dp ~ 0.5–0.75 μm), where the fate of aerosols is greatly intertwined with local convective flows. Our findings underscore how intrinsic aerosol motion (i.e. diffusion, sedimentation) undermines the role of anisotropic wall expansion that is often attributed in determining aerosol mixing and acinar deposition. PMID:27614613

Galerkin's Method and the Double P$sub 1$ approximation for Thermal Flux Calculation; IL METODO DI GALERKIN E LA DOPPIA P$sub 1$ PER IL CALCOLO DEL FLUSSO TERMICO

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Daneri, A.; Daneri, A.

1964-01-01

The program DESTHEC DP, in FORTRAN MONITOR for the IBM 7090, solves the transport equation for thermal neutrons in slab geometry. For the energy, Galerkin's method with the double P/sub 1/ approximation is used, Comparison shows good agreement between DESTHEC DP results and results obtained by the THERMOS program, which solves the transport equation in integral form. The theory is presented, and input and output are discussed. Numerical results are included, as well as the program listing. (D.C.W.)

Effects of Emtricitabine/Tenofovir on Bone Mineral Density in HIV-Negative Persons in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

PubMed Central

Mulligan, Kathleen; Glidden, David V.; Anderson, Peter L.; Liu, Albert; McMahan, Vanessa; Gonzales, Pedro; Ramirez-Cardich, Maria Esther; Namwongprom, Sirianong; Chodacki, Piotr; de Mendonca, Laura Maria Carvalo; Wang, Furong; Lama, Javier R.; Chariyalertsak, Suwat; Guanira, Juan Vicente; Buchbinder, Susan; Bekker, Linda-Gail; Schechter, Mauro; Veloso, Valdilea G.; Grant, Robert M.; Vargas, Lorena; Sanchez, Jorge; Mai, Chiang; Saokhieo, Pongpun; Murphy, Kerry; Gilmore, Hailey; Holland, Sally; Faber, Elizabeth; Duda, John; Bewerunge, Linda; Batist, Elizabeth; Hoskin, Christine; Brown, Ben; de Janeiro, Rio; Beppu-Yoshida, Carina; da Costa, Marcellus Dias; Assis de Jesus, Sergio Carlos; Grangeiro da Silva, Jose Roberto; Millan, Roberta; de Siqueira Hoagland, Brenda Regina; Martinez Fernandes, Nilo; da Silva Freitas, Lucilene; Grinsztejn, Beatriz; Pilotto, Jose; Bushman, Lane; Zheng, Jia-Hua; Anthony Guida, Louis; Kline, Brandon; Goicochea, Pedro; Manzo, Jonathan; Hance, Robert; McConnell, Jeff; Defechereux, Patricia; Levy, Vivian; Robles, Malu; Postle, Brian; Burns, David; Rooney, James

2015-01-01

Background. Daily preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with oral emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF) decreases the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition. Initiation of TDF decreases bone mineral density (BMD) in HIV-infected people. We report the effect of FTC/TDF on BMD in HIV-seronegative men who have sex with men and in transgender women. Methods. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed at baseline and 24-week intervals in a substudy of iPrEx, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of FTC/TDF PrEP. Plasma and intracellular tenofovir concentrations were measured in participants randomized to FTC/TDF. Results. In 498 participants (247 FTC/TDF, 251 placebo), BMD in those randomized to FTC/TDF decreased modestly but statistically significantly by 24 weeks in the spine (net difference, −0.91% [95% confidence interval {CI}, −1.44% to −.38%]; P = .001) and hip (−0.61% [95% CI, −.96% to −.27%], P = .001). Changes within each subsequent 24-week interval were not statistically significant. Changes in BMD by week 24 correlated inversely with intracellular tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP), which was detected in 53% of those randomized to FTC/TDF. Net BMD loss by week 24 in participants with TFV-DP levels indicative of consistent dosing averaged −1.42% ± 29% and −0.85% ± 19% in the spine and hip, respectively (P < .001 vs placebo). Spine BMD tended to rebound following discontinuation of FTC/TDF. There were no differences in fractures (P = .62) or incidence of low BMD. Conclusions. In HIV-uninfected persons, FTC/TDF PrEP was associated with small but statistically significant decreases in BMD by week 24 that inversely correlated with TFV-DP, with more stable BMD thereafter. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT00458393. PMID:25908682

Morphometric and histopathological evaluation of the effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin on alveolar bone loss in experimental diabetes and periodontitis.

PubMed

Toker, H; Balci Yuce, H; Lektemur Alpan, A; Gevrek, F; Elmastas, M

2018-06-01

Grape seed proanthocyanidine extract (GSPE) is a strong antioxidant derived from the grape seeds (Vitis vinifera, Terral J.F.) and has a polyphenolic structure with a wide range of biological activity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of GSPE on alveolar bone loss and histopathological changes in rats with diabetes mellitus and ligature-induced periodontitis. Forty rats were divided into 6 study groups. Control (C, 6 rats) group, periodontitis (P, 6 rats) group, diabetes (D, 6 rats) group, diabetes and periodontitis (D+P, 6 rats) group, diabetes, periodontitis and 100 mg/kg/day GSPE (GSPE-100, 8 rats), and diabetes, periodontitis and 200 mg/kg/day GSPE (GSPE-200, 8 rats) group. Diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). Periodontitis was induced via ligation method. Silk ligatures were placed at the mandibular right first molars. GSPE was administered by oral gavage. After 30 days, all rats were killed. Alveolar bone loss was measured morphometrically via a stereomicroscope. For histopathological analyses, Alizarin red staining, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, vascular endothelial growth factor and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α immunohistochemistry were performed. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclast cells and relative total inflammatory cells were also determined. The highest alveolar bone loss was observed in the D+P group (P < .05). GSP-200 group decreased alveolar bone loss (P < .05). The D+P group had the highest osteoclast counts, but the difference was not significant compared to the P, GSPE-100 and GSPE-200 groups (P > .05). The inflammation in the D+P group was also higher than the other groups (P < .05). The osteoblast numbers increased in the GSPE-100 and GSPE-200 groups compared to the P and D+P groups (P < .05). MMP-8 and HIF-1α levels were highest in the D+P group and GSPE significantly decreased these levels (P < .05). Within the limits of this animal study, it can be suggested that GSPE administration may decrease periodontal inflammation and alveolar bone loss via decreasing MMP-8 and HIF-1α levels and increase osteoblastic activity in diabetic rats with experimental periodontitis. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Cell-based evaluation of a novel Dictyophora indusiata polysaccharide against oxidative-induced erythrocyte hemolysis.

PubMed

Liao, W; Chen, L; Yu, B; Lei, Z; Wu, X; Yang, J; Ren, J

2016-01-11

The protective effect of a polysaccharide from Dictyophora indusiata(DP1)against oxidative hemolysis was comprehensively evaluated. The 2, 2-azobis (2-amidino-propane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced erythrocyte hemolysis assay showed that DP1 exhibited excellent anti-hemolytic activity(87.4% hemolysis suppression ratio at 20 nmol/mL). Also, the formation of conjugated diene induced by cupric chloride (CuCl2) in plasma was significantly inhibited by DP1. Besides, DP1 could effectively inhibit AAPH-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species (81.5% inhibition at 20 nmol/mL) and alleviated the enhancement of intracellular antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT) activities. Also, the malondialdehyde (MDA) formation caused by oxidative stress was suppressed by 57.0% at DP1 concentration of 20 nmol/mL. Taken together, the possible intracellular antioxidant detoxifying mechanism of DP1 was probably via preserving the activities of the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx and CAT) as well as inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and thus alleviated erythrocytes oxidation and plasma oxidation.

Computation of the Percentage Points of the Chi-Square Distribution

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-04-01

0D.4 ’ 2th cW%(F. ffA ’*. .0 Dp 46 v Ne #% N’ c %c 0% rmsn",0a0r fWN ..an W% *SA%0 0 9. M do Q at Ge .4.4 ~N P) ) AIII0 t- t.. 40 so(PO cC3.4..4 W N...0V %0, n:U ( bbP P xv 0-.V~ Pa bONP . CY R. .4 1 6 6 6. 6 6 6 6 6S * 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 . 6 . . 6 6 6 6 6 WS- mom4 .0f 0 M4SA on a~ 4tq .4~b M

Numerical and analytical simulation of the production process of ZrO2 hollow particles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Safaei, Hadi; Emami, Mohsen Davazdah

2017-12-01

In this paper, the production process of hollow particles from the agglomerated particles is addressed analytically and numerically. The important parameters affecting this process, in particular, the initial porosity level of particles and the plasma gun types are investigated. The analytical model adopts a combination of quasi-steady thermal equilibrium and mechanical balance. In the analytical model, the possibility of a solid core existing in agglomerated particles is examined. In this model, a range of particle diameters (50μm ≤ D_{p0} ≤ 160 μ m) and various initial porosities ( 0.2 ≤ p ≤ 0.7) are considered. The numerical model employs the VOF technique for two-phase compressible flows. The production process of hollow particles from the agglomerated particles is simulated, considering an initial diameter of D_{p0} = 60 μm and initial porosity of p = 0.3, p = 0.5, and p = 0.7. Simulation results of the analytical model indicate that the solid core diameter is independent of the initial porosity, whereas the thickness of the particle shell strongly depends on the initial porosity. In both models, a hollow particle may hardly develop at small initial porosity values ( p < 0.3), while the particle disintegrates at high initial porosity values ( p > 0.6.

Quality of life in chronic renal patients on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis: a comparative study in a referral service of Curitiba - PR.

PubMed

Gonçalves, Fernanda Aguiar; Dalosso, Ingrid Fernandes; Borba, Jéssica Maria Camargo; Bucaneve, Juliana; Valerio, Nayra Maria Prado; Okamoto, Cristina Terumy; Bucharles, Sergio Gardano Elias

2015-01-01

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) compromises the health and routine of the patient. On the fifth stage of CKD, the patient becomes eligible to start renal replacement therapy: hemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD) or kidney transplantation. The type of CKD treatment is essential to improving quality of life of the patient. To compare the quality of life of CKD stage 5 patients who perform HD and home PD. Cross-sectional study with data collection, by convenience, through the application of socioeconomic and KDQOL SF-36 questionnaires in HD and PD patients of the Pro-Renal Foundation and satellite clinics in Curitiba-PR. The sample was 338 patients, 222 HD and 116 PD. Average age: 54.4 years for HD group (± 15.28) and 58.00 for the DP group (± 13.99). The variables: work status (p < 0.05), encouragement by dialysis staff (p < 0.01) and patient satisfaction (p < 0.001) were in favor of DP; while physical functioning (p < 0.05) and emotional function (p < 0.01) were to HD. Objectively, PD was more favorable regarding quality of life, for the large number of items with significant results when compared to HD. However, the two variables of greatest significance found in HD (physical functioning and emotional functioning) ended up having a much greater impact on well-being and daily-life of the patient in the environment external to the clinic than those who were higher in DP, making HD the most favorable for patient quality of life.

Phosphate Removal by Peritoneal Dialysis: The Effect of Transporter Status and Peritoneal Dialysis Prescription.

PubMed

Courivaud, Cecile; Davenport, Andrew

2016-01-01

♦ Interventional trials failed to demonstrate that increasing urea clearance improved peritoneal dialysis (PD) patient survival. Hyperphosphatemia is a well-recognized predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in PD patients. Simplification of PD small solute clearance targets focuses away from larger solutes, including phosphate. In the US and UK, increasing use of automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) cyclers with shorter dwell times could also potentially reduce peritoneal phosphate removal compared to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). ♦ Total phosphate and peritoneal phosphate clearances were measured in a prospective observational cohort of 380 adult PD patients attending a tertiary university hospital between 1996 and 2013 for routine assessment of PD adequacy. ♦ Eighty-seven patients (22.9%) were hyperphosphatemic. Taking the mean 4-hour dialysate to plasma (D/P) ratio for phosphate, 193 (50.8%) were fast and fast-average transporters and 187 (49.2%) were slow and slow-average transporters (compared to 276 [72.6%] and 104 [27.4%], respectively, for peritoneal creatinine transporter status). Faster peritoneal phosphate transporter status was associated with over-hydration (odds ratio [OR] = 2.45 [1.43 - 4.20], p = 0.001). Whereas the 4-hour D/P creatinine and peritoneal weekly creatinine clearance did not differ between those who were hyperphosphatemic or not, the hyperphosphatemic patients had lower 4-hour D/P phosphate and lower peritoneal weekly phosphate clearance (p = 0.019, and p = 0.06 respectively). We found greater peritoneal phosphate clearance for patients choosing CAPD compared to APD, irrespective of the peritoneal phosphate transporter status. ♦ Peritoneal creatinine transporter status and creatinine clearance cannot be used as surrogate markers of peritoneal phosphate transport and clearance. Hyperphosphatemia was more common in PD patients with slower peritoneal transporter status and lower peritoneal phosphate clearance. Greater peritoneal phosphate clearance was achieved with CAPD prescriptions. Slower peritoneal transporters should be advised to choose CAPD to improve serum phosphate control. Copyright © 2016 International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis.

Phosphate Removal by Peritoneal Dialysis: The Effect of Transporter Status and Peritoneal Dialysis Prescription

PubMed Central

Courivaud, Cecile; Davenport, Andrew

2016-01-01

♦ Background: Interventional trials failed to demonstrate that increasing urea clearance improved peritoneal dialysis (PD) patient survival. Hyperphosphatemia is a well-recognized predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in PD patients. Simplification of PD small solute clearance targets focuses away from larger solutes, including phosphate. In the US and UK, increasing use of automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) cyclers with shorter dwell times could also potentially reduce peritoneal phosphate removal compared to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). ♦ Methods: Total phosphate and peritoneal phosphate clearances were measured in a prospective observational cohort of 380 adult PD patients attending a tertiary university hospital between 1996 and 2013 for routine assessment of PD adequacy. ♦ Results: Eighty-seven patients (22.9%) were hyperphosphatemic. Taking the mean 4-hour dialysate to plasma (D/P) ratio for phosphate, 193 (50.8%) were fast and fast-average transporters and 187 (49.2%) were slow and slow-average transporters (compared to 276 [72.6%] and 104 [27.4%], respectively, for peritoneal creatinine transporter status). Faster peritoneal phosphate transporter status was associated with over-hydration (odds ratio [OR] = 2.45 [1.43 – 4.20], p = 0.001). Whereas the 4-hour D/P creatinine and peritoneal weekly creatinine clearance did not differ between those who were hyperphosphatemic or not, the hyperphosphatemic patients had lower 4-hour D/P phosphate and lower peritoneal weekly phosphate clearance (p = 0.019, and p = 0.06 respectively). We found greater peritoneal phosphate clearance for patients choosing CAPD compared to APD, irrespective of the peritoneal phosphate transporter status. ♦ Conclusion: Peritoneal creatinine transporter status and creatinine clearance cannot be used as surrogate markers of peritoneal phosphate transport and clearance. Hyperphosphatemia was more common in PD patients with slower peritoneal transporter status and lower peritoneal phosphate clearance. Greater peritoneal phosphate clearance was achieved with CAPD prescriptions. Slower peritoneal transporters should be advised to choose CAPD to improve serum phosphate control. PMID:26224788

Identifying the Tillage Effects on Phosphorus Export from Phaeozems-Dominated Agricultural Watershed: a Plot-Scale Rainfall-Runoff Study in Northeast China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Yuyan; Xu, Y. Jun; Xiao, Weihua; Wang, Jianhua; Hao, Cailian; Zhou, Pu; Shi, Min

2017-12-01

Evaluating tillage effects on soil phosphorus (P) loss at the plot-scale has significant implication for developing best management practices (BMPs) to protect water quality and soil productivity management in agricultural watersheds. This paper aims to quantify P loss from tilled soils under different rainfall patterns in a Phaeozems-dominated agricultural watershed. Eleven rainfall events were monitored at three experimental sites growing corns with conventional till, conservational till, and no-till during a growing season from July to August in 2013. Mean event mean concentration of dissolved phosphorus was 0.130, 0.213 and 0.614 mg L-1 and mean particulate phosphorus transfer rate was 103.502, 33.359 and 27.127 g ha-1 hr-1, respectively for three tillage practices. Results showed that less tillage practices could significantly reduce sediment runoff and PP loss, accompanied with a moderate reduction of runoff yield. While the proportion of PP has been cut down, the proportion of DP could account for the majority. Hydrological factors, including antecedent soil moisture and rainfall variables, could exert various effects on DP, PP and sediment losses under different tillage conditions. Further, the results of this study imply that the soil P loss management and water quality protection in black soil region of Northeast China should take consideration of diverse effects of tillage on phosphorus loss and the dynamics of P between different forms.

[Diffusion of fluorescent and magnetic molecular probes in brain interstitial space].

PubMed

Li, Huai-ye; Zhao, Yue; Zuo, Long; Fu, Yu; Li, Nan; Yuan, Lan; Zhang, Shu-jia; Han, Hong-bin

2015-08-18

To compare the diffusion properties of fluorescent probes dextran-tetramethylrhodamine (DT) and lucifer yellow CH (LY) and magnetic probe gadolinium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) in porous media and to screen out a suitable fluorescent probe for optical imaging of brain interstitial space (ISS). Agarose gels sample were divided into DT group, LY group and Gd-DTPA group, and the corresponding molecular probes were imported in each group. The dynamic diffusions of DT and LY in agarose gels at different time points (15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min) were scanned with laser scanning confocal microscope, the dynamic diffusion of Gd-DTPA was imaged with magnetic resonance imaging. The average diffusion speed of LY were demonstrated to be consistent with those of Gd-DTPA. The LY was introduced into caudate putamen of 18 rats, respectively, the diffusion of LY in the sequential slices of rat brain at different time points (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 7, 11 h) were scanned, and the results were compared with those of rats' brain with Gd-DTPA imported and imaged in vivo with magnetic resonance imaging. The diffusions of the three probes were isotropic in the agarose gels, and the average diffusion speeds of DT, LY and Gd-DTPA were: (0.07±0.02)×10(-2) mm2/s, (1.54±0.47)×10(-2) mm2/s, (1.45±0.50)×10(-2) mm2/s, respectively. The speed of DT was more slower than both LY and Gd-DTPA (ANOVA, F=367.15, P<0.001; Post-Hoc LSD, P<0.001), and there was no significant difference between the speeds of LY and Gd-DTPA (Post-Hoc LSD, P=0.091). The variation tendency of diffusion area of DT was different with both that of LY and that of Gd-DTPA (Bonferroni correction, α=0.0125, P<0.001), and there was no significant difference between LY and Gd-DTPA (Bonferroni correction, α=0.0125, P=0.203), in analysis by repeated measures data of ANOVA. The diffusions of LY and Gd-DTPA were anisotropy in rat caudate putamen,and the average diffusion speeds of LY and Gd-DTPA were: (1.03±0.29)×10(-3) mm2/s, (0.81±0.27)×10(-3) mm2/s, respectively, no significant difference was demonstrated (t=0.759, P=0.490); half-time of single intensity of LY and Gd-DTPA was (2.58±0.04) h, (2.46±0.10) h, respectively, no significant difference was found (t=2.025, P=0.113). The diffusion area ratios between LY and Gd-DTPA in rat caudate putamen was not statistically different at hours 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 7 (t=2.249, P=0.088; t=2.582, P=0.061; t=1.966, P=0.121; t=0.132, P=0.674; t=0.032, P=0.976), while, a slightly difference was found at 11 h (t=2.917, P=0.043,in analysis by t test). LY present the same diffusion property with Gd-DTPA in porous media witch including agarose gels and live rat brain tissue, indicates that LY is a suitable fluorescent probe for optical imaging of brain ISS, and it can be used for microscopic, macro and in vitro measure of brain ISS.

Experimental and multiphase analysis of nanofluids on the conjugate performance of micro-channel at low Reynolds numbers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nimmagadda, Rajesh; Venkatasubbaiah, K.

2017-06-01

The present study investigates the laminar forced convection flow of single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT), gold (Au), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), silver (Ag) and hybrid (Al2O3 + Ag) nanofluids (HyNF) in a wide rectangular micro-channel at low Reynolds numbers. The heat transfer characteristics of de-ionized (DI) water and SWCNT nanofluid with different nanoparticle volume concentrations have been experimental studied. Furthermore, numerical study has also been carried out to investigate the flow and heat transfer characteristics of DI water, SWCNT, Au, Al2O3, Ag and HyNF at different Reynolds numbers with different nanoparticle volume concentrations and particle diameters. The numerical study consider the effects of both inertial and viscous forces by solving the full Navier-Stokes equations at low Reynolds numbers. A two dimensional conjugate heat transfer multiphase mixture model has been developed and used for numerical study. A significant enhancement in the average Nusselt number is observed both experimentally and numerically for nanofluids. The study presents four optimized combinations of nanofluids (1 vol% SWCNT and 1 vol% Au with d_p = 50 nm), (2 vol% SWCNT and 3 vol% Au with d_p = 70 nm), (3 vol% Al2O3 and 2 vol% Au with d_p = 70 nm) as well as (3 vol% HyNF (2.4% Al2O3 + 0.6% Ag) and 3 vol% Au with d_p = 50 nm) that provides a better switching option in choosing efficient working fluid with minimum cost based on cooling requirement. The conduction phenomenon of the solid region at bottom of the micro-channel is considered in the present investigation. This phenomenon shows that the interface temperature between solid and fluid region increases along the length of the channel. The present results has been validated with the experimental and numerical results available in the literature.

Gait models and mechanical energy in three cross-country skiing techniques.

PubMed

Pellegrini, Barbara; Zoppirolli, Chiara; Bortolan, Lorenzo; Zamparo, Paola; Schena, Federico

2014-11-01

Fluctuations in mechanical energy of the body center of mass (COM) have been widely analyzed when investigating different gaits in human and animal locomotion. We applied this approach to estimate the mechanical work in cross-country skiing and to identify the fundamental mechanisms of this particular form of locomotion. We acquired movements of body segments, skis, poles and plantar pressures for eight skiers while they roller skied on a treadmill at 14 km h(-1) and a 2 deg slope using three different techniques (diagonal stride, DS; double poling, DP; double poling with kick, DK). The work associated with kinetic energy (KE) changes of COM was not different between techniques; the work against gravity associated with potential energy (PE) changes was higher for DP than for DK and was lowest for DS. Mechanical work against the external environment was 0.87 J m(-1) kg(-1) for DS, 0.70 J m(-1) kg(-1) for DP and 0.79 J m(-1) kg(-1) for DK. The work done to overcome frictional forces, which is negligible in walking and running, was 17.8%, 32.3% and 24.8% of external mechanical work for DS, DP and DK, respectively. The pendulum-like recovery (R%) between PE and KE was ~45%, ~26% and ~9% for DP, DK and DS, respectively, but energy losses by friction are not accounted for in this computation. The pattern of fluctuations of PE and KE indicates that DS can be described as a 'grounded running', where aerial phases are substituted by ski gliding phases, DP can be described as a pendular gait, whereas DK is a combination of both. © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

Configurational Molecular Glue: One Optically Active Polymer Attracts Two Oppositely Configured Optically Active Polymers.

PubMed

Tsuji, Hideto; Noda, Soma; Kimura, Takayuki; Sobue, Tadashi; Arakawa, Yuki

2017-03-24

D-configured poly(D-lactic acid) (D-PLA) and poly(D-2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid) (D-P2H3MB) crystallized separately into their homo-crystallites when crystallized by precipitation or solvent evaporation, whereas incorporation of L-configured poly(L-2-hydroxybutanoic acid) (L-P2HB) in D-configured D-PLA and D-P2H3MB induced co-crystallization or ternary stereocomplex formation between D-configured D-PLA and D-P2H3MB and L-configured L-P2HB. However, incorporation of D-configured poly(D-2-hydroxybutanoic acid) (D-P2HB) in D-configured D-PLA and D-P2H3MB did not cause co-crystallization between D-configured D-PLA and D-P2H3MB and D-configured D-P2HB but separate crystallization of each polymer occurred. These findings strongly suggest that an optically active polymer (L-configured or D-configured polymer) like unsubstituted or substituted optically active poly(lactic acid)s can act as "a configurational or helical molecular glue" for two oppositely configured optically active polymers (two D-configured polymers or two L-configured polymers) to allow their co-crystallization. The increased degree of freedom in polymer combination is expected to assist to pave the way for designing polymeric composites having a wide variety of physical properties, biodegradation rate and behavior in the case of biodegradable polymers.

Configurational Molecular Glue: One Optically Active Polymer Attracts Two Oppositely Configured Optically Active Polymers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tsuji, Hideto; Noda, Soma; Kimura, Takayuki; Sobue, Tadashi; Arakawa, Yuki

2017-03-01

D-configured poly(D-lactic acid) (D-PLA) and poly(D-2-hydroxy-3-methylbutanoic acid) (D-P2H3MB) crystallized separately into their homo-crystallites when crystallized by precipitation or solvent evaporation, whereas incorporation of L-configured poly(L-2-hydroxybutanoic acid) (L-P2HB) in D-configured D-PLA and D-P2H3MB induced co-crystallization or ternary stereocomplex formation between D-configured D-PLA and D-P2H3MB and L-configured L-P2HB. However, incorporation of D-configured poly(D-2-hydroxybutanoic acid) (D-P2HB) in D-configured D-PLA and D-P2H3MB did not cause co-crystallization between D-configured D-PLA and D-P2H3MB and D-configured D-P2HB but separate crystallization of each polymer occurred. These findings strongly suggest that an optically active polymer (L-configured or D-configured polymer) like unsubstituted or substituted optically active poly(lactic acid)s can act as “a configurational or helical molecular glue” for two oppositely configured optically active polymers (two D-configured polymers or two L-configured polymers) to allow their co-crystallization. The increased degree of freedom in polymer combination is expected to assist to pave the way for designing polymeric composites having a wide variety of physical properties, biodegradation rate and behavior in the case of biodegradable polymers.

Reaction of phosphorylase-a with α-D-glucose 1-phosphate and maltodextrin acceptors to give products with degree of polymerization 6-89.

PubMed

Kazłowski, Bartosz; Ko, Yuan-Tih

2014-06-15

A series of linear glucan saccharides (GS) with defined quantity and degree of polymerization (DP) were synthesized from α-d-glucose 1-phosphate (α-d-Glc 1-P) by phosphorylase-a. The GS product fractions with average DP 11, 22, 38, 52, 60, 70, and 79 were measured by HPSEC-ELSD system. Then the same seven fractions were resolved into individual peaks with DP: 6-14, 10-32, 27-55, 37-67, 44-75, 49-83 and 53-89 by HPAEC-PAD system. Results showed that measurement of α-d-Glc 1-P amount consuming during GS synthesis by both systems enable calculation of reaction yield. The reaction yield for the 24h biosynthesis of the GS product was 25.3% (measured by HPSEC-ELSD) or 29.1% (measured by HPAEC-PAD). The HPSEC-ELSD and HPAEC-PAD systems were also successfully used for phosphorylase-a activity measurement in order to perform its kinetic characterization. This study established feasible systems for preparation of various sizes of the GS with defined DP and quantity as well as characterization of phosphorylase-a kinetics. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Can arbuscular mycorrhiza and fertilizer management reduce phosphorus runoff from paddy fields?

PubMed

Zhang, Shujuan; Wang, Li; Ma, Fang; Zhang, Xue; Li, Zhe; Li, Shiyang; Jiang, Xiaofeng

2015-07-01

Our study sought to assess how much phosphorus (P) runoff from paddy fields could be cut down by fertilizer management and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. A field experiment was conducted in Lalin River basin, in the northeast China: six nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer levels were provided (0, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of the recommended fertilizer supply), with or without inoculation with Glomus mosseae. The volume and concentrations of particle P (PP) and dissolved P (DP) were measured for each runoff during the rice growing season. It was found that the seasonal P runoff, including DP and PP, under the local fertilization was 3.7 kg/ha, with PP, rather than DP, being the main form of P in runoff water. Additionally, the seasonal P runoff dropped only by 8.9% when fertilization decreased by 20%; rice yields decreased with declining fertilization. We also found that inoculation increased rice yields and decreased P runoff at each fertilizer level and these effects were lower under higher fertilization. Conclusively, while rice yields were guaranteed arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation and fertilizer management would play a key role in reducing P runoff from paddy fields. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V.

The occult aftermath of boxing.

PubMed Central

Roberts, G W; Allsop, D; Bruton, C

1990-01-01

The repeated head trauma experienced by boxers can lead to the development of dementia pugilistica (DP)--punch drunk syndrome. The neuropathology of DP in a classic report by Corsellis et al describes the presence of numerous neurofibrillary tangles in the absence of plaques, in contrast to the profusion of tangles and plaques seen in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The DP cases used in that report were re-investigated with immunocytochemical methods and an antibody raised to the beta-protein present in AD plaques. We found that all DP cases with substantial tangle formation showed evidence of extensive beta-protein immunoreactive deposits (plaques). These diffuse "plaques" were not visible with Congo-red or standard silver stains. The degree of beta-protein deposition was comparable to that seen in AD. Our data indicate that the present neuropathological description of DP (tangles but no plaques) should be altered to acknowledge the presence of substantial beta-protein deposition (plaques). The molecular markers present in the plaques and tangles of DP are the same as those in AD. Similarities in clinical symptoms, distribution of pathology and neurochemical deficits also exist. Epidemiological studies have shown that head injury is a risk factor in AD. It is probable that DP and AD share common pathogenic mechanisms leading to tangle and plaque formation. Images PMID:2191084

Effect of selective β-adrenoceptor blockade and surgical resection of the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion complex on delayed liquid gastric emptying induced by dipyrone, 4-aminoantipyrine, and antipyrine in rats

PubMed Central

Vinagre, A.M.; Collares, E.F.

2016-01-01

There is evidence for participation of peripheral β-adrenoceptors in delayed liquid gastric emptying (GE) induced in rats by dipyrone (Dp), 4-aminoantipyrine (AA), and antipyrine (At). The present study aimed to determine whether β-adrenoceptors are involved in delayed GE induced by phenylpyrazole derivatives and the role of the prevertebral sympathetic nervous system in this condition. Male Wistar rats weighing 220-280 g were used in the study. In the first experiment rats were intravenously pretreated with vehicle (V), atenolol 30 mg/kg (ATE, β1-adrenergic antagonist), or butoxamine 25 mg/kg (BUT, β2-adrenergic antagonist). In the second experiment, rats were pretreated with V or SR59230A 2 mg/kg (SRA, β3-adrenergic antagonist). In the third experiment, rats were subjected to surgical resection of the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion complex or to sham surgery. The groups were intravenously treated with saline (S), 240 µmol/kg Dp, AA, or At, 15 min after pretreatment with the antagonists or V and nine days after surgery. GE was determined 10 min later by measuring the percentage of gastric retention (%GR) of saline labeled with phenol red 10 min after gavage. The %GR (means±SE, n=6) values indicated that BUT abolished the effect of Dp (BUT+Dp vs V+Dp: 35.0%±5.1% vs 56.4%±2.7%) and At (BUT+At vs V+At: 33.5%±4.7% vs 52.9%±2.6%) on GE, and significantly reduced (P<0.05) the effect of AA (BUT+AA vs V+AA: 48.0%±5.0% vs 65.2%±3.8%). ATE, SRA, and sympathectomy did not modify the effects of treatments. These results suggest that β2-adrenoceptor activation occurred in delayed liquid gastric emptying induced by the phenylpyrazole derivatives dipyrone, 4-aminoantipyrine, and antipyrine. Additionally, the released neurotransmitter did not originate in the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglion complex. PMID:26840714

Evidence from simultaneous intracellular- and surface-pH transients that carbonic anhydrase II enhances CO2 fluxes across Xenopus oocyte plasma membranes

PubMed Central

Occhipinti, Rossana; Boron, Walter F.

2014-01-01

The α-carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are zinc-containing enzymes that catalyze the interconversion of CO2 and HCO3−. Here, we focus on human CA II (CA II), a ubiquitous cytoplasmic enzyme. In the second paper in this series, we examine CA IV at the extracellular surface. After microinjecting recombinant CA II in a Tris solution (or just Tris) into oocytes, we expose oocytes to 1.5% CO2/10 mM HCO3−/pH 7.50 while using microelectrodes to monitor intracellular pH (pHi) and surface pH (pHS). CO2 influx causes the familiar sustained pHi fall as well as a transient pHS rise; CO2 efflux does the opposite. Both during CO2 addition and removal, CA II increases the magnitudes of the maximal rate of pHi change, (dpHi/dt)max, and the maximal change in pHS, ΔpHS. Preincubating oocytes with the inhibitor ethoxzolamide eliminates the effects of CA II. Compared with pHS, pHi begins to change only after a delay of ∼9 s and its relaxation has a larger (i.e., slower) time constant (τpHi > τpHS). Simultaneous measurements with two pHi electrodes, one superficial and one deep, suggest that impalement depth contributes to pHi delay and higher τpHi. Using higher CO2/HCO3− levels, i.e., 5%/33 mM HCO3− or 10%/66 mM HCO3−, increases (dpHi/dt)max and ΔpHS, though not in proportion to the increase in [CO2]. A reaction-diffusion mathematical model (described in the third paper in this series) accounts for the above general features and supports the conclusion that cytosolic CA—consuming entering CO2 or replenishing exiting CO2—increases CO2 fluxes across the cell membrane. PMID:24965587

Development of candidate combination vaccine for hepatitis E and hepatitis B: a liposome encapsulation approach.

PubMed

Shrivastava, Shubham; Lole, Kavita S; Tripathy, Anuradha S; Shaligram, Umesh S; Arankalle, Vidya A

2009-11-05

To reduce extra injections, cost and ensure better coverage, use of combination vaccines is preferable. An attempt was made to evaluate the encapsulation of hepatitis E virus neutralizing epitope (NE) region and hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) in liposomes as DNAs, proteins and DNA+protein. Mice groups were immunized with different liposome-encapsulated formulations and monitored for anti-HEV and anti-HBs titres, IgG subtypes, antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine levels. The protective levels of anti-HBs and in vitro virus-binding capacity of anti-HEV antibodies were assessed. Liposome-encapsulated DNA either singly or in combination did not elicit antibody response. Anti-HEV and anti-HBs IgG titres of individual component of protein alone (Lipo-E-P/Lipo-B-P) or DNA+protein formulations (Lipo-E-DP/Lipo-B-DP) were comparable to respective titres in combination vaccine of protein (Lipo-BE-P) and DNA+protein formulations (Lipo-BE-DP). IgG1 levels were significantly higher in Lipo-BE-P group whereas, equivalent levels of IgG1 and IgG2a were observed in Lipo-BE-DP group against both components of the vaccine. Combination vaccine group showed mixed Th1/Th2 cytokine profile. Liposome entrapped NE and HBsAg in protein and DNA+protein formats induce excellent immune response to both the components and need to be evaluated in higher animals.

Effects of Diffusion Time on Short-Range Hyperpolarized 3He Diffusivity Measurements in Emphysema

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gierada, David S.; Woods, Jason C.; Bierhals, Andrew J.

2009-09-28

Purpose: To characterize the effect of diffusion time on short-range hyperpolarized 3He MR diffusion measurements across a wide range of emphysema severity. Materials and Methods: 3He diffusion MR imaging was performed on 19 lungs or lobes resected from 18 subjects with varying degrees of emphysema using 3 diffusion times (1.6 msec, 5 msec, and 10 msec) at constant b value. Emphysema severity was quantified as the mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and as the percentage of pixels with ADC higher than multiple thresholds from 0.30-0.55 cm2/sec (ADC index). Quantitative histology (mean linear intercept) was obtained in 10 of the lungmore » specimens from 10 of the subjects. Results: The mean ADCs with diffusion times of 1.6, 5.0, and 10.0 msec were 0.46, 0.40, and 0.37 cm2/sec, respectively (P <0.0001, ANOVA). There was no relationship between the ADC magnitude and the effect of diffusion time on ADC values. Mean linear intercept correlated with ADC (r=0.91-0.94, P<0.001) and ADC index (r=0.78-0.92, P<0.01) at all diffusion times.« less

Diffusion-weighted imaging of mucinous carcinoma of the breast: evaluation of apparent diffusion coefficient and signal intensity in correlation with histologic findings.

PubMed

Woodhams, Reiko; Kakita, Satoko; Hata, Hirofumi; Iwabuchi, Keiichi; Umeoka, Shigeaki; Mountford, Carolyn E; Hatabu, Hiroto

2009-07-01

The purposes of this study were to compare the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of mucinous carcinoma of the breast with that of other breast tumors and to analyze correlations between signal intensity on diffusion-weighted images and the histologic features of mucinous carcinoma. Two hundred seventy-six patients with 277 lesions, including 15 mucinous carcinomas (13 pure type, two mixed type), 204 other malignant tumors, and 58 benign lesions, were examined with 1.5-T MRI at b values of 0 and 1,500 s/mm(2). The correlations between cellularity and ADC, homogeneity of signal intensity on diffusion-weighted images, and histopathologic findings were analyzed. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The mean ADC of mucinous carcinoma (1.8 +/- 0.4 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s) was statistically higher than that of benign lesions (1.3+/- 0.3 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s) and other malignant tumors (0.9 +/- 0.2 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s) (p < 0.001). The ADC of pure type mucinous carcinoma (1.8 +/- 0.3 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s) was higher than that of mixed type mucinous carcinoma (1.2 +/- 0.2 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s) (p < 0.001) and other histologic types (p > 0.05). The correlation between mean cellularity and the ADC of mucinous carcinoma was significant (rho(s) = -0.754; p = 0.001). The homogeneity of signal intensity on diffusion-weighted images correlated with the homogeneity of histologic structures of mucinous carcinoma (p < 0.001; kappa = 0.826). Mucinous carcinoma can be clearly differentiated from other breast tumors on the basis of ADC. The low signal intensity of mucinous carcinoma on diffusion-weighted images appears to reflect the presence of mucin and low cellularity. High signal intensity on diffusion-weighted images may reflect the presence of fibrovascular bundles, increased cell density, or a combination of these features.

Testing the Wisconsin Phosphorus Index with year-round, field-scale runoff monitoring.

PubMed

Good, Laura W; Vadas, Peter; Panuska, John C; Bonilla, Carlos A; Jokela, William E

2012-01-01

The Wisconsin Phosphorus Index (WPI) is one of several P indices in the United States that use equations to describe actual P loss processes. Although for nutrient management planning the WPI is reported as a dimensionless whole number, it is calculated as average annual dissolved P (DP) and particulate P (PP) mass delivered per unit area. The WPI calculations use soil P concentration, applied manure and fertilizer P, and estimates of average annual erosion and average annual runoff. We compared WPI estimated P losses to annual P loads measured in surface runoff from 86 field-years on crop fields and pastures. As the erosion and runoff generated by the weather in the monitoring years varied substantially from the average annual estimates used in the WPI, the WPI and measured loads were not well correlated. However, when measured runoff and erosion were used in the WPI field loss calculations, the WPI accurately estimated annual total P loads with a Nash-Sutcliffe Model Efficiency (NSE) of 0.87. The DP loss estimates were not as close to measured values (NSE = 0.40) as the PP loss estimates (NSE = 0.89). Some errors in estimating DP losses may be unavoidable due to uncertainties in estimating on-farm manure P application rates. The WPI is sensitive to field management that affects its erosion and runoff estimates. Provided that the WPI methods for estimating average annual erosion and runoff are accurately reflecting the effects of management, the WPI is an accurate field-level assessment tool for managing runoff P losses. Copyright © by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Inc.

Characterization of an immunomodulatory Der p 2-FIP-fve fusion protein produced in transformed rice suspension cell culture.

PubMed

Su, Chin-Fen; Kuo, I-Chun; Chen, Peng-Wen; Huang, Chiung-Hui; Seow, See Voon; Chua, Kaw Yan; Yu, Su-May

2012-02-01

Der p 2, a major allergen of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus mites, is one of the most clinically relevant allergens to allergic patients worldwide. FIP-fve protein (Fve) from the golden needle mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) is an immunomodulatory protein with potential Th1-skewed adjuvant properties. Here, we produced and immunologically evaluated a Der p 2-Fve fusion protein as a potential immunotherapeutic for allergic diseases. Using an inducible expression system in cultured rice suspension cells, the recombinant Der p 2-Fve fusion protein (designated as OsDp2Fve) was expressed in rice cells under the control of an α-amylase gene (αAmy8) promoter and secreted under sucrose starvation. OsDp2Fve was partially purified from the cultured medium. The conformation of Der p 2 in OsDp2Fve remains intact as reflected by its unaltered allergenicity, as assessed by human IgE ELISA and histamine release assays, compared to non-fusion Der p 2 protein. Furthermore, the Fve protein expressed in OsDp2Fve retains its in vitro lymphoproliferative activity but loses its hemagglutination and lymphoagglutination effects compared to the native protein. Notably, in vivo evaluation showed that mice administered with OsDp2Fve possessed an enhanced production of Der p 2-specific IgG antibodies without potentiating the production of Der p 2-specific IgE and Th2 effector cytokines in comparison with mice co-administered with native Fve and Der p 2 proteins. These results suggest that the recombinant Der p 2-Fve fusion protein produced in rice suspension cell cultures has a great potential for allergy immunotherapy.

Comparison of Knowledge-based Iterative Model Reconstruction and Hybrid Reconstruction Techniques for Liver CT Evaluation of Hypervascular Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

PubMed

Park, Hyun Jeong; Lee, Jeong Min; Park, Sung Bin; Lee, Jong Beum; Jeong, Yoong Ki; Yoon, Jeong Hee

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the image quality, lesion conspicuity, and dose reduction provided by knowledge-based iterative model reconstruction (IMR) in computed tomography (CT) of the liver compared with hybrid iterative reconstruction (IR) and filtered back projection (FBP) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Fifty-six patients with 61 HCCs who underwent multiphasic reduced-dose CT (RDCT; n = 33) or standard-dose CT (SDCT; n = 28) were retrospectively evaluated. Reconstructed images with FBP, hybrid IR (iDose), IMR were evaluated for image quality using CT attenuation and image noise. Objective and subjective image quality of RDCT and SDCT sets were independently assessed by 2 observers in a blinded manner. Image quality and lesion conspicuity were better with IMR for both RDCT and SDCT than either FBP or IR (P < 0.001). Contrast-to-noise ratio of HCCs in IMR-RDCT was significantly higher on delayed phase (DP) (P < 0.001), and comparable on arterial phase, than with IR-SDCT (P = 0.501). Iterative model reconstruction RDCT was significantly superior to FBP-SDCT (P < 0.001). Compared with IR-SDCT, IMR-RDCT was comparable in image sharpness and tumor conspicuity on arterial phase, and superior in image quality, noise, and lesion conspicuity on DP. With the use of IMR, a 27% reduction of effective dose was achieved with RDCT (12.7 ± 0.6 mSv) compared with SDCT (17.4 ± 1.1 mSv) without loss of image quality (P < 0.001). Iterative model reconstruction provides better image quality and tumor conspicuity than FBP and IR with considerable noise reduction. In addition, more than comparable results were achieved with IMR-RDCT to IR-SDCT for the evaluation of HCCs.

Genetic and Developmental Analysis of Some New Color Mutants in the Goldfish, CARASSIUS AURATUS

PubMed Central

Kajishima, Takao

1977-01-01

The genotypes of three color mutants in goldfish: a depigmentation character of larval melanophores, albinism and a recessive-transparent character, were analyzed by crossing experiments. The depigmentation character in the common goldfish is controlled by two dominant multiple genes, Dp 1 and Dp2, and only fish with double recessive alleles dp1dp1 dp2dp2 can retain larval melanophores throughout life. Albinism is also controlled by double autosomal genes, p and c. The genotype of an albino fish is represented by pp cc; the non-albino fish is PP CC. Fish with either a pp CC or pp Cc genotype are albino when scored at the time of melanosome differentiation in the pigment retina, but after the time of skin melanophore differentiation, they change to the nonalbino type under the control of the C gene. The recessive-transparent character is controlled by a single autosomal gene, g. The mechanisms of gene expression of these characters were proposed as a result of observation and/or experimental data on the differentiation processes of their phenotypes, and the genotypes of these color mutant goldfish were considered in relation to the "gene duplication hypothesis in the Cyprinidae." PMID:885340

[Comparative study of N, P output and eutrophication risk in runoff water in cross ridge and longitudinal ridge].

PubMed

Yu, Xing-Xiu; Ma, Qian; Liu, Qian-Jin; Lü, Guo-An

2011-02-01

Field in-situ rainfall simulation tests with two rainfall intensities (40 mm x h(-1) and 70 mm x h(-1)), which were conducted at typical sloping cropland in Yimeng mountainous area, were designed to analyze the output characteristics of dissolved inorganic nitrogen, Inorganic-N (NO3(-)-N, NH4(+) -N) and dissolved phosphorus (DP) in runoff water, as well as to compare the eutrophication risk in this water by calculating three ratios of Inorganic-N/DP, NO3(-) -N/DP, and NH4(+)-N/DP, respectively, in cross ridge and longitudinal ridge tillage methods. Results showed that, under the same rainfall intensity, the DP level in runoff water was higher in cross ridge than longitudinal ridge, while the change of different Inorganic-N level between the two tillage methods were not consistent. Cross ridge could effectively reduce runoff and the output rate of Inorganic-N and DP when compared to the longitudinal ridge tillage, which would be more outstanding with the increases of rainfall intensities. The losses of Inorganic-N and DP in runoff water were 43% and 5% less, respectively, in cross ridge than longitudinal ridge at the 40 mm x h(-1) rainfall intensity, and were 68% and 55%, respectively, at 70 mm x h(-1). The higher Inorganic-N/DP and NO3(-) -N/DP ratios suggest that runoff water from either cross ridge or longitudinal ridge tillage have a certain eutrophication risk, which present an increasing trend during the precipitation-runoff process. Compared with longitudinal ridge, cross ridge can not only hinder the increasing trend of eutrophication risk, but also can significantly lower it, and thus effectively reduce the effect of sloping cropland runoff on the eutrophication processes of receiving waters.

Unidirectional regulation of the F1FO-ATP synthase nanomotor by the ζ pawl-ratchet inhibitor protein of Paracoccus denitrificans and related α-proteobacteria.

PubMed

Zarco-Zavala, Mariel; Mendoza-Hoffmann, Francisco; García-Trejo, José J

2018-06-07

The ATP synthase is a reversible nanomotor that gyrates its central rotor clockwise (CW) to synthesize ATP and in counter clockwise (CCW) direction to hydrolyse it. In bacteria and mitochondria, two natural inhibitor proteins, namely the ε and IF 1 subunits, prevent the wasteful CCW F 1 F O -ATPase activity by blocking γ rotation at the α DP /β DP /γ interface of the F 1 portion. In Paracoccus denitrificans and related α-proteobacteria, we discovered a different natural F 1 -ATPase inhibitor named ζ. Here we revise the functional and structural data showing that this novel ζ subunit, although being different to ε and IF 1 , it also binds to the α DP /β DP /γ interface of the F 1 of P. denitrificans. ζ shifts its N-terminal inhibitory domain from an intrinsically disordered protein region (IDPr) to an α-helix when inserted in the α DP /β DP /γ interface. We showed for the first time the key role of a natural ATP synthase inhibitor by the distinctive phenotype of a Δζ knockout mutant in P. denitrificans. ζ blocks exclusively the CCW F 1 F O -ATPase rotation without affecting the CW-F 1 F O -ATP synthase turnover, confirming that ζ is important for respiratory bacterial growth by working as an unidirectional pawl-ratchet PdF 1 F O -ATPase inhibitor, thus preventing the wasteful consumption of cellular ATP. In summary, ζ is an useful model that mimics mitochondrial IF 1 but in α-proteobacteria. The structural, functional, and endosymbiotic evolutionary implications of this ζ inhibitor are discussed to shed light on the natural control mechanisms of the three natural inhibitor proteins (ε, ζ, and IF 1 ) of this unique ATP synthase nanomotor, essential for life. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Escherichia coli Heat-Stable Enterotoxin Mediates Na+/H+ Exchanger 4 Inhibition Involving cAMP in T84 Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells.

PubMed

Beltrán, Ana R; Carraro-Lacroix, Luciene R; Bezerra, Camila N A; Cornejo, Marcelo; Norambuena, Katrina; Toledo, Fernando; Araos, Joaquín; Pardo, Fabián; Leiva, Andrea; Sanhueza, Carlos; Malnic, Gerhard; Sobrevia, Luis; Ramírez, Marco A

2015-01-01

The enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains lead to diarrhoea in humans due to heat-labile and heat-stable (STa) enterotoxins. STa increases Cl-release in intestinal cells, including the human colonic carcinoma T84 cell line, involving increased cGMP and membrane alkalization due to reduced Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs) activity. Since NHEs modulate intracellular pH (pHi), and NHE1, NHE2, and NHE4 are expressed in T84 cells, we characterized the STa role as modulator of these exchangers. pHi was assayed by the NH4Cl pulse technique and measured by fluorescence microscopy in BCECF-preloaded cells. pHi recovery rate (dpHi/dt) was determined in the absence or presence of 0.25 μmol/L STa (30 minutes), 25 μmol/L HOE-694 (concentration inhibiting NHE1 and NHE2), 500 μmol/L sodium nitroprusside (SNP, spontaneous nitric oxide donor), 100 μmol/L dibutyryl cyclic GMP (db-cGMP), 100 nmol/L H89 (protein kinase A inhibitor), or 10 μmol/L forskolin (adenylyl cyclase activator). cGMP and cAMP were measured in cell extracts by radioimmunoassay, and buffering capacity (ßi) and H+ efflux (JH+) was determined. NHE4 protein abundance was determined by western blotting. STa and HOE-694 caused comparable reduction in dpHi/dt and JH+ (~63%), without altering basal pHi (range 7.144-7.172). STa did not alter ßi value in a range of 1.6 pHi units. The dpHi/dt and JH+ was almost abolished (~94% inhibition) by STa + HOE-694. STa effect was unaltered by db-cGMP or SNP. However, STa and forskolin increased cAMP level. STa-decreased dpHi/dt and JH+ was mimicked by forskolin, and STa + HOE-694 effect was abolished by H89. Thus, incubation of T84 cells with STa results in reduced NHE4 activity leading to a lower capacity of pHi recovery requiring cAMP, but not cGMP. STa effect results in a causal phenomenon (STa/increased cAMP/increased PKA activity/reduced NHE4 activity) ending with intracellular acidification that could have consequences in the gastrointestinal cells function promoting human diarrhoea.

Escherichia coli Heat-Stable Enterotoxin Mediates Na+/H+ Exchanger 4 Inhibition Involving cAMP in T84 Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells

PubMed Central

Beltrán, Ana R.; Carraro-Lacroix, Luciene R.; Bezerra, Camila N. A.; Cornejo, Marcelo; Norambuena, Katrina; Toledo, Fernando; Araos, Joaquín; Pardo, Fabián; Leiva, Andrea; Sanhueza, Carlos; Malnic, Gerhard; Sobrevia, Luis; Ramírez, Marco A.

2015-01-01

The enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains lead to diarrhoea in humans due to heat-labile and heat-stable (STa) enterotoxins. STa increases Cl-release in intestinal cells, including the human colonic carcinoma T84 cell line, involving increased cGMP and membrane alkalization due to reduced Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs) activity. Since NHEs modulate intracellular pH (pHi), and NHE1, NHE2, and NHE4 are expressed in T84 cells, we characterized the STa role as modulator of these exchangers. pHi was assayed by the NH4Cl pulse technique and measured by fluorescence microscopy in BCECF–preloaded cells. pHi recovery rate (dpHi/dt) was determined in the absence or presence of 0.25 μmol/L STa (30 minutes), 25 μmol/L HOE-694 (concentration inhibiting NHE1 and NHE2), 500 μmol/L sodium nitroprusside (SNP, spontaneous nitric oxide donor), 100 μmol/L dibutyryl cyclic GMP (db-cGMP), 100 nmol/L H89 (protein kinase A inhibitor), or 10 μmol/L forskolin (adenylyl cyclase activator). cGMP and cAMP were measured in cell extracts by radioimmunoassay, and buffering capacity (ßi) and H+ efflux (J H +) was determined. NHE4 protein abundance was determined by western blotting. STa and HOE-694 caused comparable reduction in dpHi/dt and J H + (~63%), without altering basal pHi (range 7.144–7.172). STa did not alter ßi value in a range of 1.6 pHi units. The dpHi/dt and J H + was almost abolished (~94% inhibition) by STa + HOE-694. STa effect was unaltered by db-cGMP or SNP. However, STa and forskolin increased cAMP level. STa–decreased dpHi/dt and J H + was mimicked by forskolin, and STa + HOE-694 effect was abolished by H89. Thus, incubation of T84 cells with STa results in reduced NHE4 activity leading to a lower capacity of pHi recovery requiring cAMP, but not cGMP. STa effect results in a causal phenomenon (STa/increased cAMP/increased PKA activity/reduced NHE4 activity) ending with intracellular acidification that could have consequences in the gastrointestinal cells function promoting human diarrhoea. PMID:26713849

MICROWAVE SPECTRA AND GEOMETRIES OF C2H_{2\\cdots AgI} and C2H_{4\\cdots AgI}

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stephens, Susanna L.; Tew, David Peter; Walker, Nick; Legon, Anthony

2015-06-01

A chirped-pulse Fourier transform microwave spectrometer has been used to measure the microwave spectra of both C2H_{2\\cdots AgI} and C2H_{4\\cdots AgI}. These complexes are generated via laser ablation at 532 nm of a silver surface in the presence of CF3I and either C2H_{2} or C2H_{4} and argon and are stabilized by a supersonic expansion. Rotational (A0, B0, C0) and centrifugal distortion constants (ΔJ and ΔJK) of each molecule have been determined as well the nuclear electric quadrupole coupling constants the iodine atom (χaa(I) and χbb-χcc(I)). The spectrum of each molecule is consistent with a C2v structure in which the metal atom interacts with the π-orbital of the ethene or ethyne molecule. Isotopic substitutions of atoms within the C2H_{2} or C2H_{4} subunits are in progress and in conjunction with high level ab initio calculations will allow for accurate determination of the geometry of each molecule. These to complexes are put in the context of the recently studied H2S\\cdots AgI, OC\\cdotsAgI, H3N\\cdots AgI and (CH3)_{3N\\cdots AgI}. S.Z. Riaz, S.L. Stephens, W. Mizukami, D.P. Tew, N.R. Walker, A.C. Legon, Chem. Phys. Let., 531, 1-12 (2012) S.L. Stephens, W. Mizukami, D.P. Tew, N.R. Walker, A.C. Legon, J. Chem. Phys., 136(6), 064306 (2012) D.M. Bittner, D.P. Zaleski, S.L. Stephens, N.R. Walker, A.C. Legon, Study in progress.

Immunotherapeutic efficacy of liposome-encapsulated refined allergen vaccines against Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus allergy.

PubMed

Chaisri, Urai; Tungtrongchitr, Anchalee; Indrawattana, Nitaya; Meechan, Panisara; Phurttikul, Watchara; Tasaniyananda, Natt; Saelim, Nawannaporn; Chaicumpa, Wanpen; Sookrung, Nitat

2017-01-01

Allergen specific immunotherapy (AIT) can modulate the allergic response causing a long-term symptom subsidence/abolishment which leads to reduced drug use and prevention of new sensitization. AIT of house dust mite allergy (HDM) using the mite crude extract (CE) as the therapeutic agent is not only less effective than the AIT for many other allergens, but also frequently causes adverse effects during the treatment course. In this study, mouse model of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) allergy was invented for testing therapeutic efficacies of intranasally administered liposome (L) encapsulated vaccines made of single Dp major allergens (L-Der p 1, L-Der p 2), combined allergens (L-Der p 1 and Der p 2), and crude Dp extract (L-CE). The allergen sparing intranasal route was chosen as it is known that the effective cells induced at the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue can exert their activities at the lower respiratory tissue due to the common mucosal traffic. Liposome was chosen as the vaccine delivery vehicle and adjuvant as the micelles could reduce toxicity of the entrapped cargo. The Dp-CE allergic mice received eight doses of individual vaccines/placebo on alternate days. All vaccine formulations caused reduction of the Th2 response of the Dp allergic mice. However, only the vaccines made of single refined allergens induced expressions of immunosuppressive cytokines (TGF-β, IL-35 and/or IL-10) which are the imperative signatures of successful AIT. The data emphasize the superior therapeutic efficacy of single refined major allergen vaccines than the crude allergenic extract vaccine.

Atmospheric Transmittance from 0.25 to 28.5 Microns: Computer Code LOWTRAN 3

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-05-07

thait worKe’S whIo arc iirca~i) risinig I.A M’ Il V\\ 2 c~in ilwl(ite thir ciu -rd dvciks- ,Aith i nii~wimun of effort. \\ll rh ’,n ; and diir<to the lIt...specified on CARD I. The appropriate meteorological parameters and format for thr atmospheric data are given below. Z, P. T. DP. RH . WHL WO, AHAZE [FORMAT...M.GTOIREA!) 4Z9,ZfKJP(?,K),TM?,)P, RH ,HH(7.KI ,NO(1,KIANAZý (KI A &2,3E .JTIF!W(Z(K) b1.0E-6)#1. A 1:0sF IV(M.EQ.0) UK)=mil A U𔃽G IF(7(KI .GF..35.0I Jr(Z

Source Term Model for Fine Particle Resuspension from Indoor Surfaces

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-02-01

0.144: calcula 5.16: c Particle Lycopodium spores Bacillus atrophaeus spores Latex particles dp (μm) 27.8 0.91 0.509, 1.019 ρp (kg/m3) 1000 1000...and transport, spreading of crop diseases by fungal spores , cleaning of electronic chips, handling of toxic powders, transmission of human dis- eases...governmental functions. Airborne CB agents released in one section of a building travel via the building’s heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning ( HVAC

Characterization of degradation products of silodosin under stress conditions by liquid chromatography/Fourier transform mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Pandeti, Sukanya; Narender, Tadigoppula; Prabhakar, Sripadi; Reddy, Thota Jagadeswar

2017-03-30

Silodosin (SDN) is a novel α 1 -adrenoceptor antagonist in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The presence of degradation products in a drug affects not only the quality, but also the safety and efficacy of drug formulation. Thus, it is essential to develop an efficient analytical method which could be useful to selectively separate, identify and characterise of all possible degradation products of SDN which is mandatory in drug development processes. SDN was subjected to forced degradation under hydrolytic (acid, base and neutral), oxidative, photolytic and thermal stress conditions. Separation of the drug and degradation products was achieved by a liquid chromatography (LC) method using an Acquity UPLC® BEH C18 (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm; Waters) column with mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid (FA) in water (A) and 0.1% FA in acetonitrile (ACN) and methanol (MeOH) (1:1) (B) as organic modifier at a flow rate of 0.15 mL min -1 in gradient elution mode. Identification and characterization of the degradation products was performed by mass spectrometry methods using an LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. A total of five degradation products (DP1 to DP5) were formed under various stress conditions and their structures were proposed with the help of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) experiments and high-resolution mass spectral data. A common degradation product (DP1) was observed under acidic and basic degradation conditions. DP2 was observed under acidic, DP4 and DP5 were observed under basic hydrolytic conditions, whereas DP3 was observed under oxidative conditions. SDN was found to be labile under hydrolytic and oxidative conditions. The structures of all the degradation products were proposed. The most rational mechanisms for the formation of the degradation products under different stress conditions have been established. The proposed method can be effectively used to carry out the determination and detection of SDN and its degradation products. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Health- and Taste-Related Attitudes Associated with Dietary Patterns in a Representative Sample of Polish Girls and Young Women: A Cross-Sectional Study (GEBaHealth Project).

PubMed

Kowalkowska, Joanna; Lonnie, Marta; Wadolowska, Lidia; Czarnocinska, Jolanta; Jezewska-Zychowicz, Marzena; Babicz-Zielinska, Ewa

2018-02-23

Attitudes can be predictors of certain health-related behaviours. The attitudes of young females towards health and taste have not been yet fully examined and their associations with dietary behaviours remain unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate if attitudes are associated with dietary patterns in a representative sample of Polish girls. The study population consisted of 1107 girls, aged 13-21 and living in Poland. Attitudes were assessed using the Health and Taste Attitudes Scale (HTAS) and categorised as negative, neutral or positive. Dietary data was obtained using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Dietary patterns (DPs), derived previously with a Principal Component Analysis (PCA), were 'Traditional Polish', 'Fruit and vegetables', 'Fast food and sweets' and 'Dairy and fats'. The associations between attitudes and DPs were assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficients and logistic regression. The reference group were girls with neutral attitudes. Odds ratios (ORs) were adjusted for age, socioeconomic status (SES), and body mass index (BMI). The correlations between attitudes and DPs ranged from -0.28 for attitudes towards health and 'Fast food and sweets' and 'Traditional Polish' DPs to 0.33 for attitudes towards health and the 'Fruit and vegetables' DP ( p < 0.05). In the logistic regression analysis, the strongest associations within health-related HTAS subscales were observed between negative attitudes towards natural products and the 'Fast food and sweets' DP (OR: 10.93; 95% CI: 3.32-36.01) and between positive attitudes towards health and the 'Fruit and vegetables' DP (OR: 5.10; 3.11-8.37). The strongest associations within taste-related HTAS subscales were observed between positive attitudes towards craving for sweet foods and the 'Traditional Polish' DP (OR: 1.93; 1.43-2.61) and between positive attitudes towards using food as a reward and the 'Dairy and fats' DP (OR: 2.08; 1.22-3.55) as well as the 'Fast food and sweets' DP (OR: 2.07; 1.14-3.74). Positive attitudes towards health were associated with a pro-healthy dietary pattern characterised by the consumption of fruit and vegetables, while negative attitudes towards natural products as well as a strong craving for sweets and using food as a reward were associated with less healthy dietary patterns. To improve the dietary habits of girls and young women, positive attitudes towards health should be strengthened and supported by emphasizing the sensory values of pro-healthy foods.

Polymorphic transition of solid-fats dispersed systems — its characterization by a novel method and scanning electron microscopy observation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hirokawa, Norio; Ueda, Masahiro; Harano, Yoshio

1994-08-01

Solid-fats dispersed systems, such as margarine, butter and cacao-butter, were characterized by a novel method based on liquid permeation under pressure, for the simultaneous measurement of a solid-content ɛ p and an average diameter dp of solid particles (fats crystals) in them. Further, micro-structures of these systems were observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). As the result, it has been clarified that the spherical fats crystals of several μm in size appeared in the initial solid-fats products are agglomerates of fine particles of ca. 0.1 μm and that these fine particles are uniformly redispersed during an annealing treatment accompanying the reduction of ɛ p and dp. It is strongly suggested that this phenomenon is caused by a transition of fat crystals into a more stable polymorph.

Aggravation of airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness following nasal challenge with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in perennial allergic rhinitis without symptoms of asthma.

PubMed

Wang, W; Xian, M; Xie, Y; Zheng, J; Li, J

2016-03-01

House dust mites are the most prevalent allergen causing sensitizations in patients with rhinitis and asthma in China. We aimed to investigate the changes in both upper and lower airway inflammation and responsiveness following Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der-p) nasal provocation test (NPT) in rhinitis patients. Study subjects included 15 nonasthmatic Der-p-sensitized rhinitis (AR) patients with airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) (AR+AHR+), 15 AR patients without AHR (AR+AHR-), 15 healthy controls (HCs) with Der-p sensitization (HC+DP+), and 15 HC without Der-p sensitization (HC+DP-). All subjects underwent Der-p NPT. Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of nasal symptoms, nasal lavage and nasal airway resistance (NAR) measurement, sputum induction, and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1 ) were performed. Airway responsiveness to histamine bronchoprovocation (PD20 -FEV1 ) and exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) was determined. NAR increased significantly in all subjects with the greatest effect seen in AR+AHR+ individuals. VAS increased in all subjects at 30 min and returned to baseline at 6 h, with significantly higher levels in AR+AHR+ and AR+AHR- subjects (P < 0.05). Eosinophils in nasal lavage fluid and sputum increased significantly after NPT in AR+AHR+ and AR+AHR- subjects (P < 0.001). FEV1 % and PD20 -FEV1 decreased and FeNO increased significantly after NPT only in AR+AHR+ subjects (P < 0.05). Nasal lavage eosinophil count was positively correlated with sputum eosinophil count and the level of FeNO and negatively correlated with FEV1 and PD20 . House dust mite nasal provocation test induces and aggravates both upper and lower airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness in patients with persistent allergic rhinitis without asthmatic symptoms. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Influence of in-office whitening gel pH on hydrogen peroxide diffusion through enamel and color changes in bovine teeth.

PubMed

Pignoly, Christian; Camps, Lila; Susini, Guy; About, Imad; Camps, Jean

2012-04-01

To assess the influence of in-office whitening gel pH on whitening efficiency. Hydrogen peroxide diffusion and color changes on bovine teeth were assessed. Three gels with close hydrogen peroxide concentrations but with various pH levels were tested: Zoom 2 (Discus Dental), Opalescence Endo and Opalescence Boost (Ultradent). The pH levels were respectively: 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0. Thirty enamel slices and tooth crowns were used for both studies (n = 10 per group per study). Hydrogen peroxide diffusion through the enamel slices and the tooth crowns was spectrophotometrically recorded every 10 minutes for 1 hour to calculate the diffusion coefficients. Color changes were spectrophotometrically recorded every 10 minutes for 1 hour and quantified in term of CIE-Lab. The hydrogen peroxide diffusion coefficient through enamel ranged from 5.12 +/- 0.82 x 10(-9) cm2 s(-1) for pH 3 to 5.19 +/- 0.92 x 10(-9) cm2 S(-1) for pH 7. Through tooth crowns it ranged from 4.80 +/- 1.75 x 10(-10) cm2 s(-1) for pH 5 to 4.85 +/- 1.82 x 10(-10) cm2 s(-1) for pH 3. After 1 hour, the deltaE varied from 5.6 +/- 4.0 for pH 7 to 7.0 +/- 5.0 for pH 3 on enamel slices and from 3.9 +/- 2.5 for pH 5 to 4.9 +/- 3.5 for pH 7 on tooth crowns. There was no statistically significant difference between groups for both parameters.

Scaled Quantum Mechanical scale factors for vibrational calculations using alternate polarized and augmented basis sets with the B3LYP density functional calculation model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Legler, C. R.; Brown, N. R.; Dunbar, R. A.; Harness, M. D.; Nguyen, K.; Oyewole, O.; Collier, W. B.

2015-06-01

The Scaled Quantum Mechanical (SQM) method of scaling calculated force constants to predict theoretically calculated vibrational frequencies is expanded to include a broad array of polarized and augmented basis sets based on the split valence 6-31G and 6-311G basis sets with the B3LYP density functional. Pulay's original choice of a single polarized 6-31G(d) basis coupled with a B3LYP functional remains the most computationally economical choice for scaled frequency calculations. But it can be improved upon with additional polarization functions and added diffuse functions for complex molecular systems. The new scale factors for the B3LYP density functional and the 6-31G, 6-31G(d), 6-31G(d,p), 6-31G+(d,p), 6-31G++(d,p), 6-311G, 6-311G(d), 6-311G(d,p), 6-311G+(d,p), 6-311G++(d,p), 6-311G(2d,p), 6-311G++(2d,p), 6-311G++(df,p) basis sets are shown. The double d polarized models did not perform as well and the source of the decreased accuracy was investigated. An alternate system of generating internal coordinates that uses the out-of plane wagging coordinate whenever it is possible; makes vibrational assignments via potential energy distributions more meaningful. Automated software to produce SQM scaled vibrational calculations from different molecular orbital packages is presented.

Are self-report of disability pension and long-term sickness absence accurate? Comparisons of self-reported interview data with national register data in a Swedish twin cohort

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background Self-reported disability pension (DP) and sickness absence are commonly used in epidemiological and other studies as a measure of exposure or even as an outcome. The aims were (1) to compare such self-reports with national register information in order to evaluate the validity of self-reported DP and sickness absence, and (2) to estimate the concordance of reporting behaviour in different twin zygosity groups, also by sex. Methods All Swedish twins born 1933-1958 who participated in the Screening Across the Lifespan Twin study (SALT) 1998-2003, were included (31,122 individuals). The self-reported DP and long-term sickness absence (LTSA) at the time of interview was compared to the corresponding register information retrieved from the National Social Insurance Agency by calculating the proportions of agreements, kappa, sensitivity, specificity, concordance rates, and chi-square test, to evaluate construct validity. Results The proportions of overall agreement were 96% and specificity 99% for both DP and LTSA, while the sensitivity was 70% for DP and 45% for LTSA. Kappa estimates were 0.76 for DP, and 0.58 for LTSA. The proportions of positive agreement were 64% for DP and 42% for LTSA. No difference in response style was found between zygosity groups among complete twin pairs for DP and LTSA. Results were similar for women and men and across age. Kappa estimates for DP differed somewhat depending on years of education, 0.68 (college/university) vs. 0.77 (less than 13 years in school) but not for LTSA. Conclusions Self-reported DP data may be very useful in studies when register information is not available, however, register data is preferred especially for LTSA. The same degree of twin similarity was found for truthful self-report of DP and LTSA in both monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs. Thus, the response style was not influenced by genetic factors. One consequence of this would be that when estimating the relative importance of genetic and environmental effects from twin models, heritability estimates would not be biased. PMID:21159191

Multiple-tracer tests for contaminant transport process identification in saturated municipal solid waste

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Woodman, N.D., E-mail: n.d.woodman@soton.ac.uk; Rees-White, T.C.; Stringfellow, A.M.

2015-04-15

Highlights: • Multiple tracers were applied to saturated MSW to test dual-porosity properties. • Lithium demonstrated to be non-conservative as a tracer. • 260 mm diameter column too small to test transport properties of MSW. • The classical advection-dispersion mode was rejected due to high dispersivity. • Characteristic diffusion times did not vary with the tracer. - Abstract: Two column tests were performed in conditions emulating vertical flow beneath the leachate table in a biologically active landfill to determine dominant transport mechanisms occurring in landfills. An improved understanding of contaminant transport process in wastes is required for developing better predictionsmore » about potential length of the long term aftercare of landfills, currently measured in timescales of centuries. Three tracers (lithium, bromide and deuterium) were used. Lithium did not behave conservatively. Given that lithium has been used extensively for tracing in landfill wastes, the tracer itself and the findings of previous tests which assume that it has behaved conservatively may need revisiting. The smaller column test could not be fitted with continuum models, probably because the volume of waste was below a representative elemental volume. Modelling compared advection-dispersion (AD), dual porosity (DP) and hybrid AD–DP models. Of these models, the DP model was found to be the most suitable. Although there is good evidence to suggest that diffusion is an important transport mechanism, the breakthrough curves of the different tracers did not differ from each other as would be predicted based on the free-water diffusion coefficients. This suggested that solute diffusion in wastes requires further study.« less

The effect of hypocalcemia in early childhood on autism-related social and communication skills in patients with 22q11 deletion syndrome.

PubMed

Muldoon, Meghan; Ousley, Opal Y; Kobrynski, Lisa J; Patel, Sheena; Oster, Matthew E; Fernandez-Carriba, Samuel; Cubells, Joseph F; Coleman, Karlene; Pearce, Bradley D

2015-09-01

22q11 deletion syndrome (22qDS), also known as DiGeorge syndrome, is a copy number variant disorder that has a diverse clinical presentation including hypocalcaemia, learning disabilities, and psychiatric disorders. Many patients with 22q11DS present with signs that overlap with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) yet the possible physiological mechanisms that link 22q11DS with ASD are unknown. We hypothesized that early childhood hypocalcemia influences the neurobehavioral phenotype of 22q11DS. Drawing on a longitudinal cohort of 22q11DS patients, we abstracted albumin-adjusted serum calcium levels from 151 participants ranging in age from newborn to 19.5 years (mean 2.5 years). We then examined a subset of 20 infants and toddlers from this group for the association between the lowest calcium level on record and scores on the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales-Developmental Profile Infant-Toddler Checklist (CSBS-DP ITC). The mean (SD) age at calcium testing was 6.2 (8.5) months, whereas the mean (SD) age at the CSBS-DP ITC assessment was 14.7 (3.8) months. Lower calcium was associated with significantly greater impairment in the CSBS-DP ITC Social (p < 0.05), Speech (p < 0.01), and Symbolic domains (p < 0.05), in regression models adjusted for sex, age at blood draw, and age at the psychological assessment. Nevertheless, these findings are limited by the small sample size of children with combined data on calcium and CSBS-DP ITC, and hence will require replication in a larger cohort with longitudinal assessments. Considering the role of calcium regulation in neurodevelopment and neuroplasticity, low calcium during early brain development could be a risk factor for adverse neurobehavioral outcomes.

The effect of hypocalcemia in early childhood on autism-related social and communication skills in patients with 22q11 deletion syndrome

PubMed Central

Muldoon, Meghan; Ousley, Opal Y.; Kobrynski, Lisa J.; Patel, Sheena; Oster, Matthew E.; Fernandez-Carriba, Samuel; Cubells, Joseph F.; Coleman, Karlene; Pearce, Bradley D.

2014-01-01

22q11 deletion syndrome (22qDS), also known as DiGeorge Syndrome, is a copy number variant disorder that has a diverse clinical presentation including hypocalcaemia, learning disabilities, and psychiatric disorders. Many patients with 22q11DS present with signs that overlap with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) yet the possible physiological mechanisms that link 22q11DS with ASD are unknown. We hypothesized that early childhood hypocalcemia influences the neurobehavioral phenotype of 22q11DS. Drawing on a longitudinal cohort of 22q11DS patients, we abstracted albumin-adjusted serum calcium levels from 151 participants ranging in age from newborn to 19.5 years (mean 2.5 years). We then examined a subset of 20 infants and toddlers from this group for the association between the lowest calcium level on record and scores on the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales-Developmental Profile Infant-Toddler Checklist (CSBS-DP ITC). The mean (SD) age at calcium testing was 6.2 (8.5) months whereas the mean (SD) age at the CSBS-DP ITC assessment was 14.7 (3.8) months. Lower calcium was associated with significantly greater impairment in the CSBS-DP ITC Social (p<0.05), Speech (p<0.01), and Symbolic domains (p<0.05), in regression models adjusted for sex, age at blood draw, and age at the psychological assessment. Nevertheless, these findings are limited by the small sample size of children with combined data on calcium and CSBS-DP ITC, and hence will require replication in a larger cohort with longitudinal assessments. Considering the role of calcium regulation in neurodevelopment and neuroplasticity, low calcium during early brain development could be a risk factor for adverse neurobehavioral outcomes. PMID:25267002

Optimal culture conditions are critical for efficient expansion of human testicular somatic and germ cells in vitro.

PubMed

Gat, Itai; Maghen, Leila; Filice, Melissa; Wyse, Brandon; Zohni, Khaled; Jarvi, Keith; Lo, Kirk C; Gauthier Fisher, Andrée; Librach, Clifford

2017-03-01

To optimize culture conditions for human testicular somatic cells (TSCs) and spermatogonial stem cells. Basic science study. Urology clinic and stem cell research laboratory. Eight human testicular samples. Testicular tissues were processed by mechanical and enzymatic digestion. Cell suspensions were subjected to differential plating (DP) after which floating cells (representing germ cells) were removed and attached cells (representing TSCs) were cultured for 2 passages (P0-P1) in StemPro-34- or DMEM-F12-based medium. Germ cell cultures were established in both media for 12 days. TSC cultures: proliferation doubling time (PDT), fluorescence-activated cell sorting for CD90, next-generation sequencing for 89 RNA transcripts, immunocytochemistry for TSC and germ cell markers, and conditioned media analysis; germ cell cultures: number of aggregates. TSCs had significantly prolonged PDT in DMEM-F12 versus StemPro-34 (319.6 ± 275.8 h and 110.5 ± 68.3 h, respectively). The proportion of CD90-positive cells increased after P1 in StemPro-34 and DMEM-F12 (90.1 ± 10.8% and 76.5 ± 17.4%, respectively) versus after DP (66.3 ± 7%). Samples from both media after P1 clustered closely in the principle components analysis map whereas those after DP did not. After P1 in either medium, CD90-positive cells expressed TSC markers only, and fibroblast growth factor 2 and bone morphogenetic protein 4 were detected in conditioned medium. A higher number of germ cell aggregates formed in DMEM-F12 (59 ± 39 vs. 28 ± 17, respectively). Use of DMEM-F12 reduces TSC proliferation while preserving their unique characteristics, leading to improved germ cell aggregates formation compared with StemPro-34, the standard basal medium used in the majority of previous reports. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Assessment of Lung Function in Asthma and COPD using Hyperpolarized 129Xe Chemical Shift Saturation Recovery Spectroscopy and Dissolved-Phase MR Imaging

PubMed Central

Qing, Kun; Mugler, John P.; Altes, Talissa A.; Jiang, Yun; Mata, Jaime F.; Miller, G. Wilson; Ruset, Iulian C.; Hersman, F. William; Ruppert, Kai

2014-01-01

Magnetic-resonance spectroscopy and imaging using hyperpolarized xenon-129 show great potential for evaluation of the most important function of the human lung -- gas exchange. In particular, Chemical Shift Saturation Recovery (CSSR) xenon-129 spectroscopy provides important physiological information for the lung as a whole by characterizing the dynamic process of gas exchange, while dissolved-phase xenon-129 imaging captures the time-averaged regional distribution of gas uptake by lung tissue and blood. Herein, we present recent advances in assessing lung function using CSSR spectroscopy and dissolved-phase imaging in a total of 45 subjects (23 healthy, 13 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and 9 asthma). From CSSR acquisitions, the COPD subjects showed red blood cell to tissue/plasma (RBC-to-TP) ratios below the average for the healthy subjects (p<0.001), but significantly higher septal wall thicknesses, as compared with the healthy subjects (p<0.005); the RBC-to-TP ratios for the asthmatics fell outside 2 standard deviations (either higher or lower) from the mean of the healthy subjects although there was no statistically significant difference for the average ratio of the study group as a whole. Similarly, from the 3D DP imaging acquisitions, we found all the ratios (TP-to-GP, RBC-to-GP, RBC-to-TP) measured in the COPD subjects were lower than those from the healthy subjects (p<0.05 for all ratios), while these ratios in the asthmatics differed considerably between subjects. Despite having been performed at different lung inflation levels, the RBC-to-TP ratios measured by CSSR and 3D DP imaging were fairly consistent with each other, with a mean difference of 0.037 (ratios from 3D DP imaging larger). In ten subjects the RBC-to-GP ratios obtained from the 3D DP imaging acquisitions were also highly correlated with their DLCO/Va ratios measured by pulmonary function testing (R=0.91). PMID:25146558

Discontinuous precipitation in a Cd-6 at.% Ag alloy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Manna, I.; Bala, P.K.; Pabi, S.K.

1996-11-01

Discontinuous precipitation (DP) in a Cd-6 at.% Ag alloy has been investigated for the first time. The precipitate phase maintains a lamellar morphology and statistically constant interlamellar spacing under a given isothermal condition in the temperature range studied (333--523 K). The interlamellar spacing increases with an increase in isothermal temperature. The reaction front velocity registers a typical C-curve variation with the inverse of temperature. The reaction rate is maximum at 470 K. The predicted upper limit of DP occurrence in this alloy is 23 K lower than the concerned equilibrium solvus temperature. Continuous precipitation accompanies DP at all temperatures, especiallymore » beyond a certain time, and adversely affects the growth kinetics of DP colonies by reducing the local chemical driving force and/or posing physical hindrance to the reaction front migration. An extensive kinetic analysis of DP using the models by Turnbull, Aaronson and Liu, and Petermann and Hornbogen has yielded the grain boundary chemical diffusivity data in Cd-6 At.% Ag for the first time, the activation energy of which lies in the range 55--77 kJ/mol.« less

Local but not long-range microstructural differences of the ventral temporal cortex in developmental prosopagnosia

PubMed Central

Song, Sunbin; Garrido, Lúcia; Nagy, Zoltan; Mohammadi, Siawoosh; Steel, Adam; Driver, Jon; Dolan, Ray J.; Duchaine, Bradley; Furl, Nicholas

2015-01-01

Individuals with developmental prosopagnosia (DP) experience face recognition impairments despite normal intellect and low-level vision and no history of brain damage. Prior studies using diffusion tensor imaging in small samples of subjects with DP (n=6 or n=8) offer conflicting views on the neurobiological bases for DP, with one suggesting white matter differences in two major long-range tracts running through the temporal cortex, and another suggesting white matter differences confined to fibers local to ventral temporal face-specific functional regions of interest (fROIs) in the fusiform gyrus. Here, we address these inconsistent findings using a comprehensive set of analyzes in a sample of DP subjects larger than both prior studies combined (n=16). While we found no microstructural differences in long-range tracts between DP and age-matched control participants, we found differences local to face-specific fROIs, and relationships between these microstructural measures with face recognition ability. We conclude that subtle differences in local rather than long-range tracts in the ventral temporal lobe are more likely associated with developmental prosopagnosia. PMID:26456436

Dark chocolate acutely improves walking autonomy in patients with peripheral artery disease.

PubMed

Loffredo, Lorenzo; Perri, Ludovica; Catasca, Elisa; Pignatelli, Pasquale; Brancorsini, Monica; Nocella, Cristina; De Falco, Elena; Bartimoccia, Simona; Frati, Giacomo; Carnevale, Roberto; Violi, Francesco

2014-07-02

NOX-2, the catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase, has a key role in the formation of reactive oxidant species and is implicated in impairing flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Dark chocolate exerts artery dilatation via down-regulating NOX2-mediated oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dark chocolate improves walking autonomy in peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients via an oxidative stress-mediated mechanism. FMD, serum levels of isoprostanes, nitrite/nitrate (NOx) and sNOX2-dp, a marker of blood NOX2 activity, maximal walking distance (MWD) and maximal walking time (MWT) were studied in 20 PAD patients (14 males and 6 females, mean age: 69±9 years) randomly allocated to 40 g of dark chocolate (>85% cocoa) or 40 g of milk chocolate (≤35% cocoa) in a single blind, cross-over design. The above variables were assessed at baseline and 2 hours after chocolate ingestion. Dark chocolate intake significantly increased MWD (+11%; P<0.001), MWT (+15%; P<0.001), serum NOx (+57%; P<0.001) and decreased serum isoprostanes (-23%; P=0.01) and sNOX2-dp (-37%; P<0.001); no changes of the above variables were observed after milk chocolate intake. Serum epicatechin and its methylated metabolite significantly increased only after dark chocolate ingestion. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that Δ of MWD was independently associated with Δ of MWT (P<0.001) and Δ of NOx (P=0.018). In vitro study demonstrated that HUVEC incubated with a mixture of polyphenols significantly increased nitric oxide (P<0.001) and decreased E-selectin (P<0.001) and VCAM1 (P<0.001). In PAD patients dark but not milk chocolate acutely improves walking autonomy with a mechanism possibly related to an oxidative stress-mediated mechanism involving NOX2 regulation. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01947712. © 2014 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley Blackwell.

Dark Chocolate Acutely Improves Walking Autonomy in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease

PubMed Central

Loffredo, Lorenzo; Perri, Ludovica; Catasca, Elisa; Pignatelli, Pasquale; Brancorsini, Monica; Nocella, Cristina; De Falco, Elena; Bartimoccia, Simona; Frati, Giacomo; Carnevale, Roberto; Violi, Francesco

2014-01-01

Background NOX‐2, the catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase, has a key role in the formation of reactive oxidant species and is implicated in impairing flow‐mediated dilation (FMD). Dark chocolate exerts artery dilatation via down‐regulating NOX2‐mediated oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dark chocolate improves walking autonomy in peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients via an oxidative stress‐mediated mechanism. Methods and Results FMD, serum levels of isoprostanes, nitrite/nitrate (NOx) and sNOX2‐dp, a marker of blood NOX2 activity, maximal walking distance (MWD) and maximal walking time (MWT) were studied in 20 PAD patients (14 males and 6 females, mean age: 69±9 years) randomly allocated to 40 g of dark chocolate (>85% cocoa) or 40 g of milk chocolate (≤35% cocoa) in a single blind, cross‐over design. The above variables were assessed at baseline and 2 hours after chocolate ingestion. Dark chocolate intake significantly increased MWD (+11%; P<0.001), MWT (+15%; P<0.001), serum NOx (+57%; P<0.001) and decreased serum isoprostanes (−23%; P=0.01) and sNOX2‐dp (−37%; P<0.001); no changes of the above variables were observed after milk chocolate intake. Serum epicatechin and its methylated metabolite significantly increased only after dark chocolate ingestion. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that Δ of MWD was independently associated with Δ of MWT (P<0.001) and Δ of NOx (P=0.018). In vitro study demonstrated that HUVEC incubated with a mixture of polyphenols significantly increased nitric oxide (P<0.001) and decreased E‐selectin (P<0.001) and VCAM1 (P<0.001). Conclusion In PAD patients dark but not milk chocolate acutely improves walking autonomy with a mechanism possibly related to an oxidative stress‐mediated mechanism involving NOX2 regulation. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01947712. PMID:24990275

[Study on Abnormal Topological Properties of Structural Brain Networks of Patients with Depression Comorbid with Anxiety].

PubMed

Wu, Xiuyong; Wu, Xiaoming; Peng, Hongjun; Ning, Yuping; Wu, Kai

2016-06-01

This paper is aimed to analyze the topological properties of structural brain networks in depressive patients with and without anxiety and to explore the neuropath logical mechanisms of depression comorbid with anxiety.Diffusion tensor imaging and deterministic tractography were applied to map the white matter structural networks.We collected 20 depressive patients with anxiety(DPA),18 depressive patients without anxiety(DP),and 28 normal controls(NC)as comparative groups.The global and nodal properties of the structural brain networks in the three groups were analyzed with graph theoretical methods.The result showed that1 the structural brain networks in three groups showed small-world properties and highly connected global hubs predominately from association cortices;2DP group showed lower local efficiency and global efficiency compared to NC group,whereas DPA group showed higher local efficiency and global efficiency compared to NC group;3significant differences of network properties(clustering coefficient,characteristic path lengths,local efficiency,global efficiency)were found between DPA and DP groups;4DP group showed significant changes of nodal efficiency in the brain areas primarily in the temporal lobe and bilateral frontal gyrus,compared to DPA and NC groups.The analysis indicated that the DP and DPA groups showed nodal properties of the structural brain networks,compared to NC group.Moreover,the two diseased groups indicated an opposite trend in the network properties.The results of this study may provide a new imaging index for clinical diagnosis for depression comorbid with anxiety.

[Effect of the association of inhibitors of the H 1 and H 2 histamine receptors in the mechanism of rupture of the gastric barrier in the dog in vivo].

PubMed

Ceriani, T; Moggio, R; Gnes, F; Ventura, U

1980-09-30

Two specific inhibitors of histamine receptors, H1 mepiramine (Mp) and H2 cimetidine (Cm), were used in combination to define the role of histamine in the mechanisms of gastric barrier rupture in the dog "in vivo". A gastrolesive substance butyric acid (Ac.B. 75 mM) in hydrocloric acid solution (HCl 75 mM) was perfused through Heidenhain pouches in the presence or absence of Mp (10 mg/Kg i.m.) and Cm (1 mg/Kg/h i.v.). The results obtained showed: 1) Ac.B. caused a remarkable increase in H+ and Na+ fluxes, enhanced K+ secretion and decreased transparietal potential difference (D.P.). 2) Histamine inhibitors in combination uneffected changes of the ionic fluxes and D.P. produced by Ac.B. 3) Reversal to normal of both ionic fluxes and D.P. was not accelerated by the combination of Mp and Cm. The conclusion was reached that in the initial phase of gastric barrier rupture damage of gastric mucosa occurs by mechanisms non histamine-dependent.

Spectroscopic (FT-IR/FT-Raman) and computational (HF/DFT) investigation and HOMO/LUMO/MEP analysis on 1,1-difluoro-2-vinyl-cyclopropane

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Senthil Raj, P.; Shoba, D.; Ramalingam, S.; Periandy, S.

2015-08-01

All the computational calculations were made in the ground state using the HF and DFT (B3LYP) methods with 6-31++G (d,p) and 6-311++G (d,p) basis sets. Making use of the recorded data, the complete vibrational assignments were made and analysis of the observed fundamental bands of molecule was carried out. The shifting of the frequencies in the vibrational pattern of the title molecule due to the substitutions; sbnd CHdbnd CH2 and F were deeply investigated by the vibrational analysis. Moreover, 13C NMR and 1H NMR chemical shifts were calculated by using the gauge independent atomic orbital (GIAO) method with HF/B3LYP methods with 6-311++G (d,p). A study on the electronic properties, such as HOMO and LUMO energies, were performed by time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) approach. Mulliken charges of the 1DF2VCP were also calculated and interpreted. The thermodynamic properties (heat capacity, entropy, and enthalpy) of the title compound at different temperatures were calculated in gas phase.

Lightcurve Analysis of the NEA Binary Asteroid 5381 Sekhmet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Warner, Brian D.; Harris, Alan W.

2014-10-01

Radar observations in 2003 (Nolan et al., 2003) showed that the near-Earth asteroid (NEA) 5381 Sekhmet was a binary. CCD photometry observations made from the Center for Solar System Studies-Palmer Divide Station (CS3-PDS) during the 2014 apparition confirmed the discovery and found the first precise values for the primary rotation period, P1 = 2.8233 ± 0.0001 h, and the orbital period of the satellite, P_ORB = 12.379 ± 0.004 h. The estimated effective size ratio of the two bodies is Ds/Dp ≥ 0.25 ± 0.02, which is in good agreement with the sizes estimated by radar.

Short communication: molecular characterization of dog and cat p65 subunits of NF-kappaB.

PubMed

Ishikawa, Shingo; Takemitsu, Hiroshi; Li, Gebin; Mori, Nobuko; Yamamoto, Ichiro; Arai, Toshiro

2015-04-01

Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) plays an important role in the immune system. The p65 subunit is an important part of NF-κB unit, and studies of dog and cat p65 subunits of NF-κB (dp65 and cp65) are important in understanding their immune function. In this study, we described the molecular characterization of dp65 and cp65. The dp65 and cp65 complementary DNA encoded 542 and 555 amino acids, respectively, showing a high sequence homology with the mammalian p65 subunit (>87.5%). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that the p65 messenger RNA is highly expressed in the dog stomach and cat heart and adipose tissue. Functional NF-κB promoter-luciferase reporter vectors revealed that our isolated dp65 and cp65 cDNA encodes a functionally active protein. Transiently expressed dp65 and cp65 up-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokine expression levels in dog and cat, respectively. These findings suggest that dp65 and cp65 play important roles in regulating immune function. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Prospective, randomised, controlled study evaluating early modification of oral microbiota following admission to the intensive care unit and oral hygiene with chlorhexidine.

PubMed

Tuon, Felipe Francisco; Gavrilko, Oleg; Almeida, Saulo de; Sumi, Eigi Ricardo; Alberto, Thiago; Rocha, Jaime Luis; Rosa, Edvaldo Antonio

2017-03-01

Chlorhexidine (CHX) is the most commonly used oral hygiene product for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation (MV). The change in dental plaque (DP) microbiota following CHX use in patients under MV has not been described previously. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of pathogenic bacteria associated with VAP and the coverage of DP within the oral cavity in patients administered CHX. This was a prospective, randomised, controlled, double-blind study in patients (n=16) under MV who were mouth-rinsed with either CHX or placebo. Microbiology samples were collected from the oral mucosa (OM) and DP after admission to the ICU and on Days 3, 5, 7 and 10. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of CHX were determined. Upon admission, the occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, including carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, was reported. The CHX group had a lower incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) compared with the placebo group for the OM (RR=0.51, 95% CI 0.27-0.98; P=0.011). There was high agreement between the culture results of OM and DP (κ=0.825). VAP developed in six patients. The species identified following tracheal aspiration of VAP patients were similar to those found in the OM for four cases. The strains showed low MICs and MBCs for CHX (<0.039mg/mL). Although DP is rapidly colonised by MDR bacteria, use of 2% CHX reduced the incidence of S. aureus colonisation. Copyright © 2017 International Society for Chemotherapy of Infection and Cancer. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Long-term tillage and crop rotation effects on residual nitrate in the crop root zone and nitrate accumulation in the intermediate vadose zone

USGS Publications Warehouse

Katupitiya, A.; Eisenhauer, D.E.; Ferguson, R.B.; Spalding, R.F.; Roeth, F.W.; Bobier, M.W.

1997-01-01

Tillage influences the physical and biological environment of soil. Rotation of crops with a legume affects the soil N status. A furrow irrigated site was investigated for long-term tillage and crop rotation effects on leaching of nitrate from the root zone and accumulation in the intermediate vadose zone (IVZ). The investigated tillage systems were disk-plant (DP), ridge-till (RT) and slot-plant (SP). These tillage treatments have been maintained on the Hastings silt loam (Udic Argiustoll) and Crete silt loam (Pachic Argiustoll) soils since 1976. Continuous corn (CC) and corn soybean (CS) rotations were the subtreatments. Since 1984, soybeans have been grown in CS plots in even calendar years. All tillage treatments received the same N rate. The N rate varied annually depending on the root zone residual N. Soybeans were not fertilized with N-fertilizer. Samples for residual nitrate in the root zone were taken in 8 of the 15 year study while the IVZ was only sampled at the end of the study. In seven of eight years, root zone residual soil nitrate-N levels were greater with DP than RT and SP. Residual nitrate-N amounts were similar in RT and SP in all years. Despite high residual nitrate-N with DP and the same N application rate, crop yields were higher in RT and SP except when DP had an extremely high root zone nitrate level. By applying the same N rates on all tillage treatments, DP may have been fertilized in excess of crop need. Higher residual nitrate-N in DP was most likely due to a combination of increased mineralization with tillage and lower yield compared to RT and SP. Because of higher nitrate availability with DP, the potential for nitrate leaching from the root zone was greater with DP as compared to the RT and SP tillage systems. Spring residual nitrate-N contents of DP were larger than RT and SP in both crop rotations. Ridge till and SP systems had greater nitrate-N with CS than CC rotations. Nitrate accumulation in IVZ at the upstream end of the field was twice as high with DP compared to RT and SP. At the downstream end, it was 2.4 and 1.6 times greater with DP than RT and SP, respectively. Nitrate concentration was greater in the IVZ of DP compared to RT and SP tillage systems. Nitrate accumulations in IVZ of RT and SP were not different. Continuous corn had slightly higher nitrate levels in IVZ than CS. The depth of nitrate penetration at the upstream end was greater than that of the downstream end. Estimated rates of nitrate movement ranged from 0.87 to 0.92 m yr-1 at the upstream end and 0.73 to 0.78 m yr-1 at the downstream end.

Reliability of Multilayer Copper/Polyimide

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-11-01

LOIS H. WALSH R eliability R esearch E ng ineer -, . .....................-------- - - Reliability Physics Branch i-1’ , ý, Ay cci~i• es "AL f, , or Dist...average of 925 hours The chamber "as operated at 85 C󈨙 10 r h All the samples showed initial dielectric constant values consistent w%,ith previous...19. Matsumoto, 0., Katagiri, T., Thin Solid Films, 146, 283 (1987) 20. Malladi , D.P., J Membrane Sci., 19, 209 (1984) 21. Schubert, P.J., Nevin, J.H

p16(INK4A) mediates age-related changes in mesenchymal stem cells derived from human dental pulp through the DNA damage and stress response.

PubMed

Feng, Xingmei; Xing, Jing; Feng, Guijuan; Huang, Dan; Lu, Xiaohui; Liu, Suzhe; Tan, Wei; Li, Liren; Gu, Zhifeng

2014-01-01

Mesenchymal stem cells derived from human dental pulp (DP-MSCs) are characterized by self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation, which play important roles in regenerative medicine. Autologous transfers, as non-immunogenic, constitute the safest approach in cellular transplantations. However, their use may be limited by age-related changes. In the study, we compared DP-MSCs isolated from human in five age groups: 5-12 y, 12-20 y, 20-35 y, 35-50 y, and >50 y. We tested the effect of age on proliferation, differentiation, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal), cell cycle and programmed cell death. DP-MSCs showed characteristics of senescence as a function of age. Meanwhile, the expression of p16(INK4A) and γ-H2A.X significantly increased with age, whereas heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) was decreased in the senescent DP-MSCs. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) staining showed the number of ROS-stained cells and the DCFH fluorescent level were higher in the aged group. Further we examined the senescence of DP-MSCs after modulating p16(INK4A) signaling. The results indicated the dysfunction of DP-MSCs was reversed by p16(INK4A) siRNA. In summary, our study indicated p16(INK4A) pathway may play a critical role in DP-MSCs age-related changes and the DNA damage response (DDR) and stress response may be the main mediators of DP-MSCs senescence induced by excessive activation of p16(INK4A) signaling. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

Progenitor cells from different zones of human cartilage and their correlation with histopathological osteoarthritis progression.

PubMed

Mantripragada, Venkata P; Bova, Wesley A; Boehm, Cynthia; Piuzzi, Nicolas S; Obuchowski, Nancy A; Midura, Ronald J; Muschler, George F

2018-06-01

Cell-based therapies development for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) requires an understanding of the disease progression and attributes of the cells resident in cartilage. This study focused on quantitative assessment of the concentration and biological potential of stem and progenitor cells resident in different zones of cartilage displaying macroscopic Outerbridge grade 1-2 OA, and their correlation with OA progression based on established histologic scoring system. Lateral femoral condyles were collected from 15 patients with idiopathic OA and varus knees undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Superficial(C sp , top ∼ 500 µm) and deep cartilage(C dp ) was separated. Chondrogenic Connective Tissue Progenitors (CTP-C) were assayed by standardized Colony-Forming-Unit assay using automated image analysis (Colonyze TM ) based on ASTM standard F-2944-12. Cell concentration (cells/mg) was significantly greater in C sp (median: 7,000; range: 3,440-17,600) than C dp (median: 5,340; range: 3,393-9,660), p = 0.039. Prevalence (CTPs/million cells) was not different between C sp (median: 1,274; range: 0-3,898) and C dp (median:1,365; range:0-6,330), p = 0.42. In vitro performance of CTP-C progeny varied widely within and between patients, manifest by variation in colony size and morphology. Mean histopathological Mankin score was 4.7 (SD = 1.2), representing mild to moderate OA. Tidemark breach by blood vessels was associated with lower C sp cell concentration (p = 0.02). Matrix degradation was associated with lower C dp cell and CTP-C concentration (p = 0.015 and p = 0.095, respectively), independent of articular surface changes. These findings suggest that the initiation of OA may occur in either superficial or deep zones. The pathological changes affect CTP-Cs in C sp and C dp cartilage zones differently. The heterogeneity among the available CTP-Cs in C sp and C dp suggests performance-based selection to optimize cell-sourcing strategies for therapy. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1728-1738, 2018. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Comparison of Optic Disc Margin Identified by Color Disc Photography and High-Speed Ultrahigh-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography

PubMed Central

Manassakorn, Anita; Ishikawa, Hiroshi; Kim, Jong S.; Wollstein, Gadi; Bilonick, Richard A.; Kagemann, Larry; Gabriele, Michelle L.; Sung, Kyung Rim; Mumcuoglu, Tarkan; Duker, Jay S.; Fujimoto, James G.; Schuman, Joel S.

2009-01-01

Objective To determine the correspondence between optic disc margins evaluated using disc photography (DP) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods From May 1, 2005, through November 10, 2005, 17 healthy volunteers (17 eyes) had raster scans (180 frames, 501 samplings per frame) centered on the optic disc taken with stereo-optic DP and high-speed ultrahigh-resolution OCT (hsUHR-OCT). Two image outputs were derived from the hsUHR-OCT data set: an en face hsUHR-OCT fundus image and a set of 180 frames of cross-sectional images. Three ophthalmologists independently and in a masked, randomized fashion marked the disc margin on the DP, hsUHR-OCT fundus, and cross-sectional images using custom software. Disc size (area and horizontal and vertical diameters) and location of the geometric disc center were compared among the 3 types of images. Results The hsUHR-OCT fundus image definition showed a significantly smaller disc size than the DP definition (P<.001, mixed-effects analysis). The hsUHR-OCT cross-sectional image definition showed a significantly larger disc size than the DP definition (P<.001). The geometric disc center location was similar among the 3 types of images except for the y-coordinate, which was significantly smaller in the hsUHR-OCT fundus images than in the DP images. Conclusion The optic disc margin as defined by hsUHR-OCT was significantly different than the margin defined by DP. PMID:18195219

[Improving myocardial mechanics parameters of severe burn rabbits with oral fluid resuscitation].

PubMed

Ruan, Jing; Zhang, Bing-qian; Wang, Guang; Luo, Zhong-hua; Zheng, Qing-yi; Zheng, Jian-sheng; Huang, Yue-sheng; Xiao, Rong

2008-08-01

To investigate the protective effect of oral fluid resuscitation on cardiac function in severe burn rabbits. One hundred and fifty rabbits were randomly divided into normal control group (NC group, n = 6, without treatment), burn group (B group, n = 42, without fluid therapy), immediate oral fluid resuscitation group (C group, n = 42), delayed oral fluid resuscitation group (D group, n = 30) and delayed and rapid oral fluid resuscitation group (E group, n = 30). The rabbits in B, C, D, E groups were subjected to 40% TBSA full-thickness burn, then were treated with fluid therapy immediately after burn (C group), at 6 hour after burn (D, E groups). The myocardial mechanics parameters including mean arterial pressure (MAP), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), LV +/- dp/dt max were observed at 2, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36 and 48 post burn hour (PBH). Urine output was also examined. The level of LVSP, LV +/- dp/dt max in B roup were significantly lower than those in NC group. The level of LVSP, LV +/- dp/dt max in the C and E group were singnificantly increased during 24 hour after burn. The level of LV + dp/dt max and LV-dp/dt max in C group peaked at 8 PBH (892 +/- 116 kPa/s) and at 6PBH (724 +/- 149 kPa/s) respectively. The levels of LV +/- dp/dt max, LVSP in D group at each time point were similar to B group (P > 0.05). Both the levels of LV +/- dp/dt max in E group peaked at 8 PBH. The level of LVEDP was no obvious difference between B and other groups at each time point (P > 0.05). The changes of MAP and urine output on 24 PBH in each group were similar to above indices. Effective oral fluid therapy in severe burn rabbits during 24 hours after burn can ameliorate myocardial mechanics parameters. The amount of fluid resuscitation can be estimated according to relevant formula for delayed fluid resuscitation in burn rabbits.

Pancreatic stump closure using only stapler is associated with high postoperative fistula rate after minimal invasive surgery.

PubMed

Yüksel, Adem; Bostancı, Erdal Birol; Çolakoğlu, Muhammet Kadri; Ulaş, Murat; Özer, İlter; Karaman, Kerem; Akoğlu, Musa

2018-03-01

Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality after distal pancreatectomy (DP). The aim of the present study is to determine the risk factors that can lead to POPF. The study was conducted between January 2008 and December 2012. A total of 96 patients who underwent DP were retrospectively analyzed. Overall, 24 patients (25%) underwent laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) and 72 patients (75%) open surgery. The overall morbidity rate was 51% (49/96). POPF (32/96, 33.3%) was the most common postoperative complication. Grade B fistula (18/32, 56.2%) was the most common fistula type according to the International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula definition. POPF rate was significantly higher in the minimally invasive surgery group (50%, p=0.046). POPF rate was 58.6% (17/29) in patients whose pancreatic stump closure was performed with only stapler, whereas POPF rate was 3.6% (1/28) in the group where the stump was closed with stapler plus oversewing sutures. Both minimally invasive surgery (OR: 0.286, 95% CI: 0.106-0.776, p=0.014) and intraoperative blood transfusion (OR: 4.210, 95% CI: 1.155-15.354, p=0.029) were detected as independent risk factors for POPF in multi-variety analysis. LDP is associated with a higher risk of POPF when stump closure is performed with only staplers. Intraoperative blood transfusion is another risk factor for POPF. On the other hand, oversewing sutures to the stapler line reduces the risk of POPF.

Aromatic and aliphatic organic materials on Iapetus: Analysis of Cassini VIMS data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cruikshank, Dale P.; Dalle Ore, Cristina M.; Clark, Roger N.; Pendleton, Yvonne J.

2014-05-01

We present a quantitative analysis of the hydrocarbon and other organic molecular inventory as a component of the low-albedo material of Saturn’s satellite Iapetus, based on a revision of the calibration of the Cassini VIMS instrument. Our study uses hyperspectral data from a mosaic of Iapetus’ surface (Pinilla-Alonso, N., Roush, T.L., Marzo, G.A., Cruikshank, D.P., Dalle Ore, C.M. [2011]. Icarus 215, 75-82) constructed from VIMS data on a close fly-by of the satellite. We extracted 2235 individual spectra of the low-albedo regions, and with a clustering analysis tool (Dalle Ore, C.M., Cruikshank, D.P., Clark, R.N. [2012]. Icarus 221, 735-743), separated them into two spectrally distinct groups, one concentrated on the leading hemisphere of Iapetus, and the other group on the trailing. This distribution is broadly consistent with that found from Cassini ISS data analyzed by Denk et al. (Denk, T. et al. [2010]. Science 327, 435-439). We modeled the average spectra of the two geographic regions using the materials and techniques described by Clark et al. (Clark, R.N., Cruikshank, D.P., Jaumann, R., Brown, R.H., Stephan, K., Dalle Ore, C.M., Livio, K.E., Pearson, N., Curchin, J.M., Hoefen, T.M., Buratti, B.J., Filacchione, G., Baines, K.H., Nicholson, P.D. [2012]. Icarus 218, 831-860), and after dividing the Iapetus spectrum by the model for each case, we extracted the resulting spectra in the interval 2.7-4.0 μm for analysis of the organic molecular bands. The spectra reveal the Csbnd H stretching modes of aromatic hydrocarbons at ∼3.28 μm (∼3050 cm-1), plus four blended bands of aliphatic sbnd CH2sbnd and sbnd CH3 in the range ∼3.36-3.52 μm (∼2980-2840 cm-1). In these data, the aromatic band, probably indicating the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), is unusually strong in comparison to the aliphatic bands, as was found for Hyperion (Dalton, J.B., Cruikshank, D.P., Clark, R.N. [2012]. Icarus 220, 752-776; Dalle Ore, C.M., Cruikshank, D.P., Clark, R.N. [2012], op. cit.) and Phoebe (Dalle Ore, C.M., Cruikshank, D.P., Clark, R.N. [2012], op. cit.). Our Gaussian decomposition of the organic band region suggests the presence of molecular bands in addition to those noted above, specifically bands attributable to cycloalkanes, olefinic compounds, CH3OH, and N-substituted PAHs, as well as possible Hn-PAHs (PAHs with excess peripheral H atoms). In a minimalist interpretation of the Gaussian band fitting, we find the ratio of aromatic CH to aliphatic CH2 + CH3 functional groups for both the leading and trailing hemispheres of Iapetus is ∼10, with no clear difference between them. In the aliphatic component of the surface material, the ratio CH2/CH3 is 4.0 on the leading hemisphere and 3.0 on the trailing; both values are higher than those found in interstellar dust and other Solar System materials and the difference between the two hemispheres may be statistically significant. The superficial layer of low-albedo material on Iapetus originated in the interior of Phoebe and is being transported to and deposited on Iapetus (and Hyperion) in the current epoch via the Phoebe dust ring (Tosi, F., Turrini, D., Coradini, A., Filacchione, G., and the VIMS Team [2010]. Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 403, 1113-1130; Tamayo, D., Burns, J.A., Hamilton, D.P., Hedman, M.M. [2011]. Icarus 215, 260-278). The PAHs on Iapetus exist in a H2O-rich environment, and consequently are subject to UV destruction by hydrogenation on short time-scales. The occurrence of this material is therefore consistent with the assertion that the deposition of the PAH-bearing dust is occurring at the present time. If the organic inventory we observe represents the interior composition of Phoebe, we may be sampling the original material from a region of the solar nebula beyond Neptune where Phoebe formed prior to its capture by Saturn (Johnson, T.V., Lunine, J.I. [2005]. Nature 435, 69-71).

Seasonal malaria chemoprevention in an area of extended seasonal transmission in Ashanti, Ghana: an individually randomised clinical trial.

PubMed

Tagbor, Harry; Antwi, Gifty Dufie; Acheampong, Princess Ruhama; Bart Plange, Constance; Chandramohan, Daniel; Cairns, Matthew

2016-02-01

To investigate the effectiveness of seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) and community case management with long-acting artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) for the control of malaria in areas of extended seasonal malaria transmission. Individually randomised, placebo-controlled trial in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. A total of 2400 children aged 3-59 months received either: (i) a short-acting ACT for case management of malaria (artemether-lumefantrine, AL) plus placebo SMC, or (ii) a long-acting ACT (dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, DP) for case management plus placebo SMC or (iii) AL for case management plus active SMC with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine. SMC or placebo was delivered on five occasions during the rainy season. Malaria cases were managed by community health workers, who used rapid diagnostic tests to confirm infection prior to treatment. The incidence of malaria was lower in children given SMC during the rainy season. Compared to those given placebo SMC and AL for case management, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.41, 0.93), P = 0.020 by intention to treat and 0.53 (95% CI: 0.29, 0.95), P = 0.033 among children given five SMC courses. There were no major differences between groups given different ACTs for case management (aHR DP vs. AL 1.18 (95% CI 0.83, 1.67), P = 0.356). SMC may have an important public health impact in areas with a longer transmission season, but further optimisation of SMC schedules is needed to maximise its impact in such settings. © 2015 The Authors. Tropical Medicine & International Health Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Effects of Dexmedetomidine on motor- and somatosensory-evoked potentials in patients with thoracic spinal cord tumor: a randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Li, Yan; Meng, Lingzhong; Peng, Yuming; Qiao, Hui; Guo, Lanjun; Han, Ruquan; Gelb, Adrian W

2016-08-02

We hypothesized that the addition of dexmedetomidine in a clinically relevant dose to propofol-remifentanil anesthesia regimen does not exert an adverse effect on motor-evoked potentials (MEP) and somatosensory-evoked potentials (SSEP) in adult patients undergoing thoracic spinal cord tumor resection. Seventy-one adult patients were randomized into three groups. Propofol group (n = 25): propofol-remifentanil regimenand the dosage was adjusted to maintain the bispectral index (BIS) between 40 and 50. DP adjusted group (n = 23): Dexmedetomidine (0.5 μg/kg loading dose infused over 10 min followed by a constant infusion of 0.5 μg/kg/h) was added to the propofol-remifentanil regimen and propofol was adjusted to maintain BIS between 40 and 50. DP unadjusted group (n = 23): Dexmedetomidine (administer as DP adjusted group) was added to the propofol-remifentanil regimen and propofol was not adjusted. All patients received MEP, SSEP and BIS monitoring. There were no significant changes in the amplitude and latency of MEP and SSEP among different groups (P > 0.05). The estimated propofol plasma concentration in DP adjusted group (2.7 ± 0.3 μg/ml) was significantly lower than in propofol group (3.1 ± 0.2 μg/ml) and DP unadjusted group (3.1 ± 0.2 μg/ml) (P = 0.000). BIS in DP unadjusted group (35 ± 5) was significantly lower than in propofol group (44 ± 3) (P = 0.000). The addition of dexmedetomidine to propofol-remifentanil regimen does not exert an adverse effect on MEP and SSEP monitoring in adult patients undergoing thoracic spinal cord tumor resection. The study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on January 31st, 2014. The reference number was ChiCTR-TRC-14004229.

Comparison between Siriraj mite allergen vaccine and standardized commercial mite vaccine by skin prick testing in normal Thai adults.

PubMed

Visitsunthorn, Nualanong; Pacharn, Punchama; Jirapongsananuruk, Orathai; Weeravejsukit, Sirirat; Sripramong, Chaweewan; Sookrung, Nitat; Bunnag, Chaweewan

2010-03-01

House dust mite is a major cause of allergic asthma and rhinitis in Thai population. Skin prick test (SPT) is a useful tool for the diagnosis of the IgE-mediated reactions. The imported commercial mite vaccine for SPT is available but it is relatively expensive. Aim of this study is to compare Siriraj Mite Allergen Vaccine (SMAV) with standardized commercial mite allergen vaccine by skin prick testing in normal Thai adults. A double blind, self-controlled study between the SMAV and standardized commercial mite allergen vaccine was performed by SPT in 17 normal Thai adult males and non-pregnant or non-lactating females aged 18-60 years. The study showed that 35.29 % of non atopic adults had positive SPT reaction to Dp and Df of both SMAV and standardized commercial mite allergen vaccine. Mean wheal and flare diameters from SPT of Dp and Df of SMAV showed strong correlation with standardized commercial mite allergen vaccine (r= 0.768 and 0.897 in Dp and Df respectively, p <0.001). The intraclass correlation was also excellent (0.893 and 0.775 in Dp and Df respectively). There was no significant difference in wheal and flare diameter between SMAV and standardized commercial mite allergen vaccine. No systemic or large local reaction was found in any of the study cases.

Transport Properties of Selected Elements and Compounds in the Gaseous State

DTIC Science & Technology

1957-01-01

coefficient (D) can be defined from the equations dp 0 -jA 6 dt M I dq = -kA dt dm a -DA a dt which relate the fluxes of momentum, heat and mass to the...000 ? 0080080 4 8aq ~ 0 Uot - 0- to 4 ; 𔃾 14𔃾 L ý * ; 4 40Ir w 4- 511 1 r14 0 Lv EEA 8 NI191 ;A 441 La 00 La~ 9-4 P f-4Ř 36 ~~~~~- 00 0 t00o L000

Quality of linear incisions performed by dental students using Er:YAG laser in soft tissue

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Novelli, Moacyr Domingos; Vasques, Mayra Torres; Meneguzzo, Daiane Thaís; Aranha, Ana Cecília Corrêa; Corrêa, Luciana

2008-02-01

Introduction: New technologies in dental practice, such as laser, have enabled new strategies to be established in dental education. The aim of this study was to analyze the difficulties that dental students encountered with performing surgical incisions using Er:YAG laser (LE), and the morphology of these incisions. Material and Methods: Sixteen undergraduate dental students and ten dental professionals (DP) enrolled at The Master of Science Program in Laser Dentistry were asked to perform 15 incisions using an LE and 15 with a conventional scalpel. The incisions were compared, based on the shape factor (relation between area and perimeter), which was obtained by a digital image system and by a morphometry software. Data was submitted to statistical analysis of variance (p 0.05). Results: Considering the incisions performed by scalpel, DP showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) in relation to control group (CG). Considering the LE, all groups showed significant differences (p<0.0001) in relation to CG, especially the DP group. The main laser technical failures were performing an incision that was not in a straight line, without defined borders, using an inconstant cutting speed, and absence of suction and water jet appliances. None of the groups performed adequate incisions using LE. Conclusion: Greater emphasis is required in relating laser therapy practice to the physical properties of laser, particularly for dental professionals that specialize in laser.

A reduced astrocyte response to β-amyloid plaques in the ageing brain associates with cognitive impairment.

PubMed

Mathur, Ryan; Ince, Paul G; Minett, Thais; Garwood, Claire J; Shaw, Pamela J; Matthews, Fiona E; Brayne, Carol; Simpson, Julie E; Wharton, Stephen B

2015-01-01

β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques are a key feature of Alzheimer's disease pathology but correlate poorly with dementia. They are associated with astrocytes which may modulate the effect of Aβ-deposition on the neuropil. This study characterised the astrocyte response to Aβ plaque subtypes, and investigated their association with cognitive impairment. Aβ plaque subtypes were identified in the cingulate gyrus using dual labelling immunohistochemistry to Aβ and GFAP+ astrocytes, and quantitated in two cortical areas: the area of densest plaque burden and the deep cortex near the white matter border (layer VI). Three subtypes were defined for both diffuse and compact plaques (also known as classical or core-plaques): Aβ plaque with (1) no associated astrocytes, (2) focal astrogliosis or (3) circumferential astrogliosis. In the area of densest burden, diffuse plaques with no astrogliosis (β = -0.05, p = 0.001) and with focal astrogliosis (β = -0.27, p = 0.009) significantly associated with lower MMSE scores when controlling for sex and age at death. In the deep cortex (layer VI), both diffuse and compact plaques without astrogliosis associated with lower MMSE scores (β = -0.15, p = 0.017 and β = -0.81, p = 0.03, respectively). Diffuse plaques with no astrogliosis in layer VI related to dementia status (OR = 1.05, p = 0.025). In the area of densest burden, diffuse plaques with no astrogliosis or with focal astrogliosis associated with increasing Braak stage (β = 0.01, p<0.001 and β = 0.07, p<0.001, respectively), and ApoEε4 genotype (OR = 1.02, p = 0.001 and OR = 1.10, p = 0.016, respectively). In layer VI all plaque subtypes associated with Braak stage, and compact amyloid plaques with little and no associated astrogliosis associated with ApoEε4 genotype (OR = 1.50, p = 0.014 and OR = 0.10, p = 0.003, respectively). Reactive astrocytes in close proximity to either diffuse or compact plaques may have a neuroprotective role in the ageing brain, and possession of at least one copy of the ApoEε4 allele impacts the astroglial response to Aβ plaques.

Residency as a Social Network: Burnout, Loneliness, and Social Network Centrality

PubMed Central

Shapiro, Jordan; Zhang, Bin; Warm, Eric J.

2015-01-01

Background Burnout is typically viewed as an individual condition, and no link has been identified between burnout and loneliness. Objective To investigate the association of burnout with loneliness and social network degree and centrality. Methods A survey containing the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), a 3-question loneliness scale, and a social connectivity component was sent to residents in a large urban academic medical center internal medicine residency program. Results The response rate was 77% (95 of 124 residents). We defined significant burnout as MBI subscores of ≥ 27 for emotional exhaustion (EE), ≥ 10 for depersonalization (DP), or both. This was met by 43 (45%), 47 (49%), and 31 (33%) out of 95 respondents, respectively. Those with significant burnout had higher loneliness scores: 5.6 versus 4.5 for EE (P = .002; OR = 1.50; 95% CI 1.15–1.95); 5.4 versus 4.6 for DP (P = .024; OR = 1.33; 95% CI 1.03–1.71); and 5.8 versus 4.6 for both EE and DP (P = .001; OR = 1.54; 95% CI 1.17–2.02). Rating a larger number of coresidents as closer connections on a 5-point Likert scale was not associated with lower burnout scores. No measures of centrality were associated with burnout scores for EE and/or DP. High personal accomplishment subscores on the MBI did correlate significantly with several measures of centrality. Conclusions Burnout was associated with loneliness in a dose-dependent fashion. Greater sense of personal accomplishment was associated with greater network centrality. PMID:26692975

N-acetylcysteine reduces oxidative stress, nuclear factor-κB activity and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in heart failure

PubMed Central

WU, XIAO-YAN; LUO, AN-YU; ZHOU, YI-RONG; REN, JIANG-HUA

2014-01-01

The roles of oxidative stress on nuclear factor (NF)-κB activity and cardiomyocyte apoptosis during heart failure were examined using the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Heart failure was established in Japanese white rabbits with intravenous injections of doxorubicin, with ten rabbits serving as a control group. Of the rabbits with heart failure, 12 were not treated (HF group) and 13 received NAC (NAC group). Cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography and hemodynamic analysis. Myocardial cell apoptosis, apoptosis-related protein expression, NF-κBp65 expression and activity, total anti-oxidative capacity (tAOC), 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) expression and glutathione (GSH) expression levels were determined. In the HF group, reduced tAOC, GSH levels and Bcl-2/Bax ratios as well as increased 8-iso-PGF2α levels and apoptosis were observed (all P<0.05), which were effects that were attenuated by the treatment with NAC. NF-κBp65 and iNOS levels were significantly higher and the P-IκB-α levels were significantly lower in the HF group; expression of all three proteins returned to pre-HF levels following treatment with NAC. Myocardial cell apoptosis was positively correlated with left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), NF-κBp65 expression and 8-iso-PGF2α levels, but negatively correlated with the maximal and minimal rates of increase in left ventricular pressure (+dp/dtmax and −dp/dtmin, respectively) and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio (all P<0.001). The 8-iso-PGF2α levels were positively correlated with LVEDP and negatively correlated with +dp/dtmax and −dp/dtmin (all P<0.001). The present study demonstrated that NAC increased the antioxidant capacity, decreased the NF-κB activation and reduced myocardial cell apoptosis in an in vivo heart failure model. PMID:24889421

Selective Oxidation and Reactive Wetting during Galvanizing of a CMnAl TRIP-Assisted Steel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bellhouse, E. M.; McDermid, J. R.

2011-09-01

A transformation induced plasticity (TRIP)-assisted steel with 0.2 pct C, 1.5 pct Mn, and 1.5 pct Al was successfully galvanized using a thermal cycle previously shown to produce an excellent combination of strength and ductility. The steel surface chemistry and oxide morphology were determined as a function of process atmosphere oxygen partial pressure. For the 220 K (-53 °C) dew point (dp) + 20 pct H2 atmosphere, the oxide morphology was a mixture of films and nodules. For the 243 K (-30 °C) dp + 5 pct H2 atmosphere, nodules of MnO were found primarily at grain boundaries. For the 278 K (+5 °C) dp + 5 pct H2 atmosphere, nodules of metallic Fe were found on the surface as a result of alloy element internal oxidation. The steel surface chemistry and oxide morphology were then related to the reactive wetting behavior during continuous hot dip galvanizing. Good wetting was obtained using the two lower oxygen partial pressure process atmospheres [220 K dp and 243 K dp (-53 °C dp and -30 °C dp)]. An increase in the number of bare spots was observed when using the higher oxygen partial pressure process atmosphere (+5 °C dp) due to the increased thickness of localized oxide films.

Blood glucose control for individuals with type-2 diabetes: acute effects of resistance exercise of lower cardiovascular-metabolic stress.

PubMed

Moreira, Sérgio R; Simões, Graziela C; Moraes, José Fernando V N; Motta, Daisy F; Campbell, Carmen S G; Simões, Herbert G

2012-10-01

This study compared the effects of resistance exercise (RE) intensities on blood glucose (GLUC) of individuals without (ND) and with type-2 diabetes (T2D). Nine individuals with T2D and 10 ND performed: (a) RE circuit at 23% of 1 maximal repetition (1RM) (RE_L); (b) RE circuit at 43% 1RM (RE_M); and (c) control (CON) session. Blood lactate (LAC) and GLUC were measured before, during, and postinterventions. Double product (DP) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded. The area under the curve (AUC) revealed the effects of RE circuits in reducing GLUC in individuals with T2D (RE_L: 12,556 ± 3,269 vs. RE_M: 13,433 ± 3,054 vs. CON: 14,576 ± 3,922 mg.dl(-1).145 minutes; p < 0.05) with a lower AUC of GLUC in RE_L in comparison to RE_M. Similarly, for ND the RE_L reduced the AUC of GLUC when compared with RE_M and CON (RE_L: 10,943 ± 956 vs. RE_M: 12,156 ± 1,062 vs. CON: 11,498 ± 882 mg.dl(-1).145 minutes; p < 0.05). The AUC of GLUC was higher for T2D compared with ND on CON condition (p = 0.02). However, after RE circuits the difference between groups for AUC of GLUC was abolished. The RE_M for T2D was more stressful when compared with RE_L for LAC (CON: 1.3 ± 0.5 vs. RE_L: 5.5 ± 1.5 vs. RE_M: 6.8 ± 1.3 mmol·L(-1); p < 0.05), DP (CON: 8,415 ± 1,223 vs. RE_L: 15,980 ± 2,007 vs. RE_M: 18,047 ± 3,693 mmHg.bpm(-1); p < 0.05), and RPE (RE_L: 11 ± 2 vs. RE_M: 13 ± 2 Borg Scale; p < 0.05). We concluded that RE_L and RE_M were effective in reducing GLUC for individuals with T2D, with lower cardiovascular-metabolic and perceptual stress being observed for RE_L. These data suggest that acute RE sessions at light or moderate intensities are effective for controlling GLUC in individuals with T2D.

Initial immunological changes as predictors for house dust mite immunotherapy response.

PubMed

Gómez, E; Fernández, T D; Doña, I; Rondon, C; Campo, P; Gomez, F; Salas, M; Gonzalez, M; Perkins, J R; Palomares, F; Blanca, M; Torres, M J; Mayorga, C

2015-10-01

Although specific immunotherapy is the only aetiological treatment for allergic disorders, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Specific immunotherapy induces changes in lymphocyte Th subsets from Th2 to Th1/Treg. Whether differences in immunological patterns underlie patient response to immunotherapy has not yet been established. We studied the immunological changes occurring during a 1-year period of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP) immunotherapy and their relation with clinical outcome. We included 34 patients with DP allergy who received subcutaneous specific immunotherapy (SCIT) for 1 year. Following treatment, patients were classified as responders or non-responders. Fourteen allergic subjects who did not receive SCIT were included as controls. Peripheral blood was obtained at 0, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months and cultured with nDer p 1. Phenotypic changes, cytokine production and basophil response were analysed by flow cytometry; transcription factors were measured by mRNA quantification. Serum immunoglobulin levels were also measured. After 1 year of SCIT, 82% of cases showed improved symptoms (responders). Although increases in sIgG4 were observed, BAT reactivity was not modified in these patients. Increases in T-BET/FOXP3 as well as nDer p 1-specific Th1/Treg frequencies were also observed, along with a decrease in Th2, Th9 and Th17. These changes corresponded to changes in cytokine levels. Patients who respond well to DP-SCIT show immunological differences compared to non-responders. In responders, basal differences include a lower frequency of Th1 and higher frequencies of Th2, Th9 and Th17 cells. After 1 year of treatment, an increased production of sIgG4 was observed in responders, along with a change in Th2 response towards Th1/Treg. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

The DREAM complex: Master coordinator of cell cycle dependent gene expression

PubMed Central

Sadasivam, Subhashini; DeCaprio, James A.

2014-01-01

Preface The dimerization partner (DP), retinoblastoma (RB)-like, E2F and MuvB (DREAM) complex provides a previously unsuspected unifying role in the cell cycle by directly linking p130, p107, E2F, BMYB and FOXM1. DREAM mediates gene repression during G0 and coordinates periodic gene expression with peaks during G1/S and G2/M. Perturbations in DREAM regulation shift the balance from quiescence towards proliferation and contribute to increased mitotic gene expression levels frequently observed in cancers with poor prognosis. PMID:23842645

Sex-dependent accumulation and maternal transfer of Dechlorane Plus flame retardant in fish from an electronic waste recycling site in South China.

PubMed

Wu, Jiang-Ping; She, Ya-Zhe; Zhang, Ying; Peng, Ying; Mo, Ling; Luo, Xiao-Jun; Mai, Bi-Xian

2013-06-01

Knowledge is limited on sex-related accumulation and maternal transfer of Dechlorane Plus (DP) flame retardant in wildlife. In the present study, DP isomers were examined in liver and eggs of two fish species, northern snakehead and crucian carp, from an electronic waste recycling site in China. Hepatic ∑DP (sum of syn- and anti-DP) concentrations ranged 260-1920 ng/g lipid in northern snakehead and 340-1670 ng/g in crucian carp, with significantly higher levels in males relative to females. ∑DP concentrations ranged 4.6-310 ng/g lipid in the eggs, demonstrating their maternal transfer in the female fish. The mean eggs to liver concentration ratios (E/L ratios) were 0.03 and 0.03 in northern snakehead, and 0.26 and 0.25 in crucian carp, for syn- and anti-DP, respectively. A significantly negative correlation between the E/L ratios and the hepatic DP concentrations was observed, indicating a dose-dependent maternal transfer of DP isomers in the fish. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Functional characterization of the water-soluble organic carbon of size-fractionated aerosol in the southern Mississippi Valley

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chalbot, M.-C. G.; Brown, J.; Chitranshi, P.; Gamboa da Costa, G.; Pollock, E. D.; Kavouras, I. G.

2014-06-01

The chemical content of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) as a function of particle size was characterized in Little Rock, Arkansas in winter and spring 2013. The objectives of this study were to (i) compare the functional characteristics of coarse, fine and ultrafine WSOC and (ii) reconcile the sources of WSOC for periods when carbonaceous aerosol was the most abundant particulate component. The WSOC accounted for 5% of particle mass for particles with dp > 0.96 μm and 10% of particle mass for particles with dp < 0.96 μm. Non-exchangeable aliphatic (H-C), unsaturated aliphatic (H-C-C=), oxygenated saturated aliphatic (H-C-O), acetalic (O-CH-O) and aromatic (Ar-H) protons were determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). The total non-exchangeable organic hydrogen concentrations varied from 4.1 ± 0.1 nmol m-3 for particles with 1.5 < dp < 3.0 μm to 73.9 ± 12.3 nmol m-3 for particles with dp < 0.49 μm. The molar H / C ratios varied from 0.48 ± 0.05 to 0.92 ± 0.09, which were comparable to those observed for combustion-related organic aerosol. The R-H was the most abundant group, representing about 45% of measured total non-exchangeable organic hydrogen concentrations, followed by H-C-O (27%) and H-C-C= (26%). Levoglucosan, amines, ammonium and methanesulfonate were identified in NMR fingerprints of fine particles. Sucrose, fructose, glucose, formate and acetate were associated with coarse particles. These qualitative differences of 1H-NMR profiles for different particle sizes indicated the possible contribution of biological aerosols and a mixture of aliphatic and oxygenated compounds from biomass burning and traffic exhausts. The concurrent presence of ammonium and amines also suggested the presence of ammonium/aminium nitrate and sulfate secondary aerosol. The size-dependent origin of WSOC was further corroborated by the increasing δ13C abundance from -26.81 ± 0.18‰ for the smallest particles to -25.93 ± 0.31‰ for the largest particles and the relative distribution of the functional groups as compared to those previously observed for marine, biomass burning and secondary organic aerosol. The latter also allowed for the differentiation of urban combustion-related aerosol and biological particles. The five types of organic hydrogen accounted for the majority of WSOC for particles with dp > 3.0 μm and dp < 0.96 μm.

Role of core excitation in ( d , p ) transfer reactions

DOE PAGES

Deltuva, A.; Ross, A.; Norvaišas, E.; ...

2016-10-24

In our recent work we found that core excitations can be important in extracting structure information from (d,p) reactions. Our objective is to systematically explore the role of core excitation in (d,p) reactions and to understand the origin of the dynamical effects. Based on the particle-rotor model of n+Be 10, we generate a number of models with a range of separation energies (S n=0.1–5.0 MeV), while maintaining a significant core excited component. We then apply the latest extension of the momentum-space-based Faddeev method, including dynamical core excitation in the reaction mechanism to all orders, to the Be 10(d,p)Be 11-like reactions,more » and study the excitation effects for beam energies E d=15–90 MeV. We study the resulting angular distributions and the differences between the spectroscopic factor that would be extracted from the cross sections, when including dynamical core excitation in the reaction, and that of the original structure model. We also explore how different partial waves affect the final cross section. Our results show a strong beam-energy dependence of the extracted spectroscopic factors that become smaller for intermediate beam energies. Finally, this dependence increases for loosely bound systems.« less

The occurrence of Dechlorane Plus and related norbornene-based flame retardants in Baltic wild salmon (Salmo salar).

PubMed

Rjabova, Jekaterina; Bartkevics, Vadims; Zacs, Dzintars

2016-03-01

Twenty five Baltic wild salmon (Salmo salar) specimens were analysed for the content of Dechlorane-related compounds (DRCs). Out of the ten analysed DRCs, seven compounds were detected in the muscle tissues of salmon, including Dechlorane (Dec) 602, Dec 603, syn- and anti-stereoisomers of Dechlorane Plus (DP), Dechlorane Plus monoadduct (1,3-DPMA), hexachlorocyclopentadienyl-dibromocyclooctane (DBHCTD), and Mirex. The concentrations of Dec 604 and two DP dechlorinated compounds - decachloropentacyclooctadecadiene (Cl10DP) and undecachloropentacyclooctadecadiene (Cl11DP) - were below the limit of detection in all samples. The aggregated concentrations of DRCs (ΣDRC) were in the range of 551-3339 pg g(-1) fresh weight (f.w.) with 1,3-DPMA being the predominant DRC component contributing up to 70% to the ΣDRC. The fractional abundance of syn- and anti-DP stereoisomers showed a pronounced enrichment of anti-DP and was close to the composition of OxyChem(®) DP commercial product. The obtained concentrations of DRCs were substantially lower than those reported in previous studies of biotic samples (among them fish, mollusks, white stork and peregrine falcon eggs) from inland freshwater reservoirs in more industrialised areas throughout Europe and North America. A statistically significant relationships between the concentrations of Dec 602 and the concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) was observed. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Measurement of the Density of Base Fluids at Pressures 0.422 to 2.20 Gpa

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hamrock, B. J.; Jacobson, B. O.; Bergstroem, S. I.

1985-01-01

The influence of pressure on the density of six base fluids is experimentally studied for a range of pressures from 0.422 to 2.20 GPa. An important parameter used to describe the results is the change in relative volume with change in pressure dv sub r/dp. For pressures less than the solidification pressure (p ps) a small change in pressure results in a large change in dv sub r/ps. For pressures greater than the solidification pressure (p ps) there is no change in dv sub r/dp with changing pressure. The solidification pressures of the base fluids varies considerably, as do the slopes that the experimental data assumes for p ps. A new formula is developed that describes the effect of pressure on density in terms of four constants. These constants vary for the different base fluids tested.

Computer-supported indirect-form lifestyle-modification support program using Lifestyle Intervention Support Software for Diabetes Prevention (LISS-DP) for people with a family history of type 2 diabetes in a medical checkup setting: a randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Tokunaga-Nakawatase, Yuri; Nishigaki, Masakazu; Taru, Chiemi; Miyawaki, Ikuko; Nishida, Junko; Kosaka, Shiho; Sanada, Hiromi; Kazuma, Keiko

2014-10-01

To investigate the effect of a computer-supported indirect-form lifestyle-modification program using Lifestyle Intervention Support Software for Diabetes Prevention (LISS-DP), as a clinically feasible strategy for primary prevention, on diet and physical activity habits in adults with a family history of type 2 diabetes. This was a two-arm, randomized controlled trial: (1) lifestyle intervention (LI) group (n=70); (2) control (n=71). Healthy adults aged 30-60 years with a history of type 2 diabetes among their first-degree relatives were recruited. LI group received three times of lifestyle intervention using LISS-DP during six-month intervention period via mail. Lifestyle intervention group showed significantly greater decrease in energy intake six months after baseline, compared to control (-118.31 and -24.79 kcal/day, respectively, p=0.0099, Cohen's d=0.22), though the difference disappeared 1 year after from baseline. No difference was found in physical activity energy expenditure. A computer-based, non-face-to-face lifestyle intervention was effective on dietary habits, only during the intervention period. Further examination of the long-term effects of such intervention and physical activity is required. Copyright © 2014 Primary Care Diabetes Europe. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Geology and Geohydrology at CRREL, Hanover, New Hampshire: Relationship to Subsurface Contamination

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-11-01

8217 4345’ -. . . p L E G E N D --------O :------- ’ 0. .. -/ KYANITE - STAUROLITE / ~ . -*ZONE - • STAUROLITE ZONE / ,’’"’’":’:": E• GARNJET ZONE...water partition coefficient: 126 mL/g to the following equation (after Hubbert 1953) Density: 1.46 g/cm 3 Boiling point at 760 torr pressure: 87°C...Washington, D.C.: U.S. Govern-Bullein No 19.ment Printing Office. Stewart, D.P. and P. MacClintock (1969) The surfi- melt Png O.cial geology and pleistocene

Postoperative complications linked to pancreaticoduodenectomy. An analysis of pancreatic stump management.

PubMed

Benzoni, Enrico; Zompicchiatti, Aron; Saccomano, Enrico; Lorenzin, Dario; Baccarani, Umberto; Adani, Gianluigi; Noce, Luigi; Uzzau, Alessandro; Cedolini, Carla; Bresadola, Fabrizio; Intini, Sergio

2008-03-01

To analyze the role of different procedures in the management of pancreatic stump according to the incidence of postoperative morbidity derived from the data of a single center surgical population. From 1989 to 2005 we performed 76 pancreaticoduodenectomies (PD) and 26 distal pancreatectomies (DP). The surgical reconstruction after PD was as follows: 11 manual non-absorbable stitches closure of the main duct, 24 closures of the main duct with linear stapler, 17 occlusions of the main duct with neoprene glue and 24 duct-to-mucosa anastomosis. In the PD group, the morbidity rate was 60%, caused by: pancreatic leakage in 48% of patients, hemorrhagic complications in 10% following surgical procedure and infectious complications in 15%. After DP we recorded: leakage in 3.9%, haemoperitoneum in 15.4% and no complications in 80.7%. The multivariate analysis showed that the in-hospital mortality was linked to the surgical procedure (PD, p=0.003) and to the following complications: pancreatic leakage (p=0.004), haemoperitoneum (p=0.00045) and infectious complications (p=0.0077). Bleeding complications, biliary anastomosis leakage and infectious complications were consequences of pancreatic leakage (p=0.025, p=0.025 and p=0.025 respectively). Manual non-absorbable stitch closure of the main duct and occlusion of the main duct with neoprene glue should be avoided in the reconstructive phase.

Temporal course of vascular healing and neoatherosclerosis after implantation of durable- or biodegradable-polymer drug-eluting stents.

PubMed

Guagliumi, Giulio; Shimamura, Kunihiro; Sirbu, Vasile; Garbo, Roberto; Boccuzzi, Giacomo; Vassileva, Angelina; Valsecchi, Orazio; Fiocca, Luigi; Canova, Paolo; Colombo, Francesco; Tensol Rodriguez Pereira, Gabriel; Nakamura, Daisuke; Attizzani, Guilherme F; Cereda, Alberto; Satogami, Keisuke; De Luca, Leonardo; Saia, Francesco; Capodanno, Davide

2018-05-19

Delayed healing and endothelial dysfunction may occur with drug-eluting stents (DES), promoting accelerated infiltration of lipids in the neointima and development of neoatherosclerosis (NA). Pathology data suggest durable polymer (DP) of DES to play a major role in this process. Whether biodegradable polymer (BP) may address these issues is uncertain. We compared in vivo vessel healing and NA of current generation BP- or DP-DES using serial optical coherence tomography (OCT) assessments. Ninety patients with multivessel coronary artery disease were randomized 1:1 to BP everolimus-eluting stents (EES, Synergy) or DP zotarolimus-eluting stents (ZES, Resolute Integrity). Co-primary endpoints were the maximum length of uncovered struts at 3 months (powered for non-inferiority) and the percentage of patients presenting with frames of NA at 18 months (powered for superiority) as measured by OCT. The maximum length of uncovered struts at 3 months was 10 ± 8 mm in the BP-EES group and 11 ± 7 mm in the DP-ZES group (mean difference -1 mm; upper 97.5% confidence interval +2 mm; P = 0.05 for non-inferiority; P = 0.45 for superiority). The percentage of patients presenting with frames of NA at 18 months was low and similar between BP-EES and DP-ZES groups (11.6% vs. 15.9%; P = 0.56). There was no stent thrombosis in both groups at 24 months. BP-EES and DP-ZES showed a similar healing response at 3 months and a low incidence of NA at 18 months. Biocompatible polymers, regardless of whether they are durable or biodegradable, may favourably impact the long-term vascular response to current-generation DES.

Structure of the ThDP-dependent enzyme benzaldehyde lyase refined to 1.65 Å resolution

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Maraite, Andy; Schmidt, Thomas; Ansörge-Schumacher, Marion B.

2007-07-01

The X-ray crystal structure of the ThDP-dependent enzyme benzaldehyde lyase has been refined to 1.65 Å. Benzaldehyde lyase (BAL; EC 4.1.2.38) is a thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) dependent enzyme that catalyses the enantioselective carboligation of two molecules of benzaldehyde to form (R)-benzoin. BAL has hence aroused interest for its potential in the industrial synthesis of optically active benzoins and derivatives. The structure of BAL was previously solved to a resolution of 2.6 Å using MAD experiments on a selenomethionine derivative [Mosbacher et al. (2005 ▶), FEBS J.272, 6067–6076]. In this communication of parallel studies, BAL was crystallized in an alternative spacemore » group (P2{sub 1}2{sub 1}2{sub 1}) and its structure refined to a resolution of 1.65 Å, allowing detailed observation of the water structure, active-site interactions with ThDP and also the electron density for the co-solvent 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol (MPD) at hydrophobic patches of the enzyme surface.« less

Scaling of X-Ray Preionized Mercury Bromide Lasers

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-11-01

H £* [ft T3 (0 0) H Q) W (d U w w S Ü 1° in W...CM I |M (U ■ H I fa 2-11 Table 2-4 Comparison of HgBr Discharge Lasers Laboratory NOSC MSNW Type Ionization Source Length/Energy...o o CN m in CN co r- o o o, i- H CN CO ^ ^ h > t^ +-^ e <-J W ^ in o E-i dP U <: D •—" « EH d< W .J H X 53 O P u W > O D W > H

The effect of low glucose degradation product, neutral pH versus standard peritoneal dialysis solutions on peritoneal membrane function: the balANZ trial

PubMed Central

Johnson, David W.; Brown, Fiona G.; Clarke, Margaret; Boudville, Neil; Elias, Tony J.; Foo, Marjorie W.Y.; Jones, Bernard; Kulkarni, Hemant; Langham, Robyn; Ranganathan, Dwarakanathan; Schollum, John; Suranyi, Michael G.; Tan, Seng H.; Voss, David

2012-01-01

Background The balANZ trial recently reported that neutral pH, low glucose degradation product (biocompatible) peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions significantly delayed anuria and reduced peritonitis rates compared with conventional solutions. This article reports a secondary outcome analysis of the balANZ trial with respect to peritoneal membrane function. Methods Adult, incident PD patients with residual renal function were randomized to receive either biocompatible or conventional (control) PD solutions for 2 years. Peritoneal equilibration tests were performed at 1, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. Peritoneal small solute clearances and ultra-filtration (UF) were measured at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months. Results Of the 185 patients recruited into the trial, 85 patients in the Balance group and 82 patients in the control group had peritoneal membrane function evaluated. Mean 4-h dialysate:plasma creatinine ratios (D:P Cr 4h) at 1 month were significantly higher in the Balance group compared with controls (0.67 ± 0.10 versus 0.62 ± 0.10, P = 0.002). Over the 2-year study period, mean D:P Cr 4 h measurements remained stable in the Balance group but increased significantly in controls [difference −0.004 per month, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) −0.005 to −0.002, P < 0.001]. Similar results were obtained for dialysate glucose ratios (D/D0 glucose). Peritoneal UF was significantly lower in the Balance group than in controls at 3 and 6 months. Over the 2-year study period, peritoneal UF increased significantly in the Balance group but remained stable in controls (difference 24 mL/day/month, 95% CI 9–39, P = 0.002). No differences in peritoneal small solute clearances, prescribed dialysate fill volumes or peritoneal glucose exposure were observed between the two groups. Conclusions Biocompatible and conventional PD solutions exert differential effects on peritoneal small solute transport rate and UF over time. Adequately powered trials assessing the impact of these differential membrane effects on PD technique and patient survival rates are warranted. PMID:22859794

Food combination and Alzheimer disease risk: a protective diet.

PubMed

Gu, Yian; Nieves, Jeri W; Stern, Yaakov; Luchsinger, Jose A; Scarmeas, Nikolaos

2010-06-01

To assess the association between food combination and Alzheimer disease (AD) risk. Because foods are not consumed in isolation, dietary pattern (DP) analysis of food combination, taking into account the interactions among food components, may offer methodological advantages. Prospective cohort study. Northern Manhattan, New York, New York. Two thousand one hundred forty-eight community-based elderly subjects (aged > or = 65 years) without dementia in New York provided dietary information and were prospectively evaluated with the same standardized neurological and neuropsychological measures approximately every 1.5 years. Using reduced rank regression, we calculated DPs based on their ability to explain variation in 7 potentially AD-related nutrients: saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E, vitamin B(12), and folate. The associations of reduced rank regression-derived DPs with AD risk were then examined using a Cox proportional hazards model. Main Outcome Measure Incident AD risk. Two hundred fifty-three subjects developed AD during a follow-up of 3.9 years. We identified a DP strongly associated with lower AD risk: compared with subjects in the lowest tertile of adherence to this pattern, the AD hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for subjects in the highest DP tertile was 0.62 (0.43-0.89) after multivariable adjustment (P for trend = .01). This DP was characterized by higher intakes of salad dressing, nuts, fish, tomatoes, poultry, cruciferous vegetables, fruits, and dark and green leafy vegetables and a lower intake of high-fat dairy products, red meat, organ meat, and butter. Simultaneous consideration of previous knowledge regarding potentially AD-related nutrients and multiple food groups can aid in identifying food combinations that are associated with AD risk.

Resurrecting KIR2DP1: A Key Intermediate in the Evolution of Human Inhibitory NK Cell Receptors That Recognize HLA-C.

PubMed

Hilton, Hugo G; Blokhuis, Jeroen H; Guethlein, Lisbeth A; Norman, Paul J; Parham, Peter

2017-03-01

KIR2DP1 is an inactive member of the human lineage III KIR family, which includes all HLA-C-specific receptor genes. The lethal, and only, defect in KIR2DP1 is a nucleotide deletion in codon 88. Fixed in modern humans, the deletion is also in archaic human genomes. KIR2DP1 is polymorphic, with dimorphism at specificity-determining position 44. By repairing the deletion, we resurrected 11 alleles of KIR2DP1 F , the functional antecedent of KIR2DP1 We demonstrate how K44-KIR2DP1 F with lysine 44 recognized C1 + HLA-C, whereas T44-KIR2DP1 F recognized C2 + HLA-C. Dimorphisms at 12 other KIR2DP1 F residues modulate receptor avidity or signaling. KIR2DP1 and KIR2DL1 are neighbors in the centromeric KIR region and are in tight linkage disequilibrium. Like KIR2DL1 , KIR2DP1 contributed to CenA and CenB KIR haplotype differences. Encoded on CenA , C1-specific K44-KIR2DP1 F were stronger receptors than the attenuated C2-specific T44-KIR2DP1 F encoded on CenB The last common ancestor of humans and chimpanzees had diverse lineage III KIR that passed on to chimpanzees but not to humans. Early humans inherited activating KIR2DS4 and an inhibitory lineage III KIR , likely encoding a C1-specific receptor. The latter spawned the modern family of HLA-C receptors. KIR2DP1 F has properties consistent with KIR2DP1 F having been the founder gene. The first KIR2DP1 F alleles encoded K44-C1 receptors; subsequently KIR2DP1 F alleles encoding T44-C2 receptors evolved. The emergence of dedicated KIR2DL2/3 and KIR2DL1 genes encoding C1 and C2 receptors, respectively, could have led to obsolescence of KIR2DP1 F Alternatively, pathogen subversion caused its demise. Preservation of KIR2DP1 F functional polymorphism was a side effect of fixation of the deletion in KIR2DP1 F by micro gene conversion. Copyright © 2017 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc.

Relationships between uterine health and metabolism in dairy cows with different dry period lengths.

PubMed

Chen, J; Soede, N M; Remmelink, G J; Bruckmaier, R M; Kemp, B; van Knegsel, A T M

2017-10-01

The first objective of this study was to evaluate effects of dry period (DP) length and dietary energy source on ovarian activity, uterine health status, pregnancy rate, and days open in dairy cows in the second subsequent lactation after implementation of DP length and dietary treatments. The second objective was to determine relationships of uterine health status with ovarian activity, milk yield, energy balance (EB), and metabolic status in dairy cows. Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (n = 167) were assigned randomly to 1 of 3 DP lengths (0-, 30-, or 60-d) and 1 of 2 early lactation diets (glucogenic or lipogenic diet) for 2 subsequent lactations. Milk samples were collected three times a week. At least two succeeding milk samples with concentration of progesterone ≥2 ng/mL were used to indicate the occurrence of luteal activity. Vaginal discharge was scored in wk 2 and 3 after calving to evaluate uterine health status and cows were classified as having a healthy uterine environment [HU, vaginal discharge score (VDS) = 0 or 1 in both wk 2 and 3], a recovering uterine environment (RU, VDS = 2 or 3 in wk 2 and VDS = 0 or 1 in wk 3), or a non-recovering uterine environment (NRU, VDS = 2 or 3 in wk 3). Cows were monitored for milk yield, dry matter intake (DMI), and blood was sampled weekly to determine metabolic status from calving to wk 3 postcalving. Dry period length was not related with uterine health status in early lactation, pregnancy rate, or days open in dairy cows. Independent of DP length, feeding a glucogenic diet shortened the interval from calving to onset of luteal activity (25.3 vs. 31.0 d, P = 0.04), but decreased pregnancy rate compared with a more lipogenic diet (68.2 vs. 78.1 d, P = 0.03). In the first 3 wk after calving, cows with a NRU had lower milk yield (36.8 vs. 36.8 vs. 32.4 kg for cows with a HU, RU, or NRU, respectively; P < 0.01) and lower DMI than cows with a HU or RU. Cows with a RU had lower plasma glucose and insulin concentrations than cows with a NRU or HU. In conclusion, DP length did not influence fertility measures and uterine health status in the second subsequent lactation after implementation of DP length treatments. Independent of DP length, feeding a glucogenic diet leaded to earlier ovulation postcalving, but decreased pregnancy rate compared with a more lipogenic diet. In addition, a healthy uterine environment was related to greater milk yield and better metabolic status, independent of DP length. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Prediction accuracy of direct and indirect approaches, and their relationships with prediction ability of calibration models.

PubMed

Belay, T K; Dagnachew, B S; Boison, S A; Ådnøy, T

2018-03-28

Milk infrared spectra are routinely used for phenotyping traits of interest through links developed between the traits and spectra. Predicted individual traits are then used in genetic analyses for estimated breeding value (EBV) or for phenotypic predictions using a single-trait mixed model; this approach is referred to as indirect prediction (IP). An alternative approach [direct prediction (DP)] is a direct genetic analysis of (a reduced dimension of) the spectra using a multitrait model to predict multivariate EBV of the spectral components and, ultimately, also to predict the univariate EBV or phenotype for the traits of interest. We simulated 3 traits under different genetic (low: 0.10 to high: 0.90) and residual (zero to high: ±0.90) correlation scenarios between the 3 traits and assumed the first trait is a linear combination of the other 2 traits. The aim was to compare the IP and DP approaches for predictions of EBV and phenotypes under the different correlation scenarios. We also evaluated relationships between performances of the 2 approaches and the accuracy of calibration equations. Moreover, the effect of using different regression coefficients estimated from simulated phenotypes (β p ), true breeding values (β g ), and residuals (β r ) on performance of the 2 approaches were evaluated. The simulated data contained 2,100 parents (100 sires and 2,000 cows) and 8,000 offspring (4 offspring per cow). Of the 8,000 observations, 2,000 were randomly selected and used to develop links between the first and the other 2 traits using partial least square (PLS) regression analysis. The different PLS regression coefficients, such as β p , β g , and β r , were used in subsequent predictions following the IP and DP approaches. We used BLUP analyses for the remaining 6,000 observations using the true (co)variance components that had been used for the simulation. Accuracy of prediction (of EBV and phenotype) was calculated as a correlation between predicted and true values from the simulations. The results showed that accuracies of EBV prediction were higher in the DP than in the IP approach. The reverse was true for accuracy of phenotypic prediction when using β p but not when using β g and β r , where accuracy of phenotypic prediction in the DP was slightly higher than in the IP approach. Within the DP approach, accuracies of EBV when using β g were higher than when using β p only at the low genetic correlation scenario. However, we found no differences in EBV prediction accuracy between the β p and β g in the IP approach. Accuracy of the calibration models increased with an increase in genetic and residual correlations between the traits. Performance of both approaches increased with an increase in accuracy of the calibration models. In conclusion, the DP approach is a good strategy for EBV prediction but not for phenotypic prediction, where the classical PLS regression-based equations or the IP approach provided better results. The Authors. Published by FASS Inc. and Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Dairy Science Association®. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, Wei; Man, Xiao-Yong; Li, Chun-Ming

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the strongest regulators of physiological and pathological angiogenesis. VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), the primary receptor for VEGF, is thought to mediate major functional effects of VEGF. Previously, we have localized both VEGF and VEGFR-2 in human hair follicles. In this study, we further defined the expression and roles of VEGFR-2 on human hair follicle dermal papilla (DP) cells. The expression of VEGFR-2 on DP cells was examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis separately, and localization of VEGFR-2 was defined by immunofluorescence. The effect of VEGF on DPmore » cells was analyzed by MTT assays and specific inhibitors. Finally, the role of VEGF involved in the signaling pathways was investigated by Western blot. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis demonstrated the expression of VEGFR-2 on DP cells. Immunostaining for VEGFR-2 showed strong signal on cultured human DP cells in vitro. Exogenous VEGF{sub 165} stimulated proliferation of DP cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, this stimulation was blocked by a VEGFR-2 neutralizing antibody (MAB3571) and an ERK inhibitor (PD98059). VEGF{sub 165}-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was abolished by MAB3571 and PD98059, while the phosphorylation of p38, JNK and AKT were not changed by VEGF{sub 165}. Taken together, VEGFR-2 is expressed on primary human hair follicle DP cells and VEGF induces proliferation of DP cells through VEGFR-2/ERK pathway, but not p38, JNK or AKT signaling. -- Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We examine the expression of VEGFR-2 on cultured human dermal papilla (DP) cells. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer VEGF{sub 165} stimulated proliferation of human DP cells in a dose-dependent manner. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer This stimulation was through VEGFR-2-mediated activation of ERK.« less

Analysis of Classical Time-Trial Performance and Technique-Specific Physiological Determinants in Elite Female Cross-Country Skiers.

PubMed

Sandbakk, Øyvind; Losnegard, Thomas; Skattebo, Øyvind; Hegge, Ann M; Tønnessen, Espen; Kocbach, Jan

2016-01-01

The present study investigated the contribution of performance on uphill, flat, and downhill sections to overall performance in an international 10-km classical time-trial in elite female cross-country skiers, as well as the relationships between performance on snow and laboratory-measured physiological variables in the double poling (DP) and diagonal (DIA) techniques. Ten elite female cross-country skiers were continuously measured by a global positioning system device during an international 10-km cross-country skiing time-trial in the classical technique. One month prior to the race, all skiers performed a 5-min submaximal and 3-min self-paced performance test while roller skiing on a treadmill, both in the DP and DIA techniques. The time spent on uphill (r = 0.98) and flat (r = 0.91) sections of the race correlated most strongly with the overall 10-km performance (both p < 0.05). Approximately 56% of the racing time was spent uphill, and stepwise multiple regression revealed that uphill time explained 95.5% of the variance in overall performance (p < 0.001). Distance covered during the 3-min roller-skiing test and body-mass normalized peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) in both techniques showed the strongest correlations with overall time-trial performance (r = 0.66-0.78), with DP capacity tending to have greatest impact on the flat and DIA capacity on uphill terrain (all p < 0.05). Our present findings reveal that the time spent uphill most strongly determine classical time-trial performance, and that the major portion of the performance differences among elite female cross-country skiers can be explained by variations in technique-specific aerobic power.

Analysis of Classical Time-Trial Performance and Technique-Specific Physiological Determinants in Elite Female Cross-Country Skiers

PubMed Central

Sandbakk, Øyvind; Losnegard, Thomas; Skattebo, Øyvind; Hegge, Ann M.; Tønnessen, Espen; Kocbach, Jan

2016-01-01

The present study investigated the contribution of performance on uphill, flat, and downhill sections to overall performance in an international 10-km classical time-trial in elite female cross-country skiers, as well as the relationships between performance on snow and laboratory-measured physiological variables in the double poling (DP) and diagonal (DIA) techniques. Ten elite female cross-country skiers were continuously measured by a global positioning system device during an international 10-km cross-country skiing time-trial in the classical technique. One month prior to the race, all skiers performed a 5-min submaximal and 3-min self-paced performance test while roller skiing on a treadmill, both in the DP and DIA techniques. The time spent on uphill (r = 0.98) and flat (r = 0.91) sections of the race correlated most strongly with the overall 10-km performance (both p < 0.05). Approximately 56% of the racing time was spent uphill, and stepwise multiple regression revealed that uphill time explained 95.5% of the variance in overall performance (p < 0.001). Distance covered during the 3-min roller-skiing test and body-mass normalized peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) in both techniques showed the strongest correlations with overall time-trial performance (r = 0.66–0.78), with DP capacity tending to have greatest impact on the flat and DIA capacity on uphill terrain (all p < 0.05). Our present findings reveal that the time spent uphill most strongly determine classical time-trial performance, and that the major portion of the performance differences among elite female cross-country skiers can be explained by variations in technique-specific aerobic power. PMID:27536245

Heat treatment of curdlan enhances the enzymatic production of biologically active β-(1,3)-glucan oligosaccharides.

PubMed

Kumagai, Yuya; Okuyama, Masayuki; Kimura, Atsuo

2016-08-01

Biologically active β-(1,3)-glucan oligosaccharides were prepared from curdlan using GH64 enzyme (KfGH64). KfGH64 showed low activity toward native curdlan; thereby pretreatment conditions of curdlan were evaluated. KfGH64 showed the highest activity toward curdlan with heat treatment. The most efficient pretreatment (90°C for 0.5h) converted approximately 60% of curdlan into soluble saccharides under the optimized enzyme reaction conditions (pH 5.5, 37°C, 100rpm mixing speed, 24h, and 10μg of KfGH64/1g of curdlan). The resulting products were predominantly laminaripentaose and a small amount of β-(1,3)-glucans with an average degree of polymerization (DP) of 13 and 130. The products did not contain small oligosaccharides (DP<5), indicating that the hydrolysis of heat-treated curdlan by KfGH64 is a suitable method for the production of biologically active β-(1,3)-glucan oligosaccharides. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Serial Diffusion Tensor Imaging of the Optic Radiations after Acute Optic Neuritis.

PubMed

Kolbe, Scott C; van der Walt, Anneke; Butzkueven, Helmut; Klistorner, Alexander; Egan, Gary F; Kilpatrick, Trevor J

2016-01-01

Previous studies have reported diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) changes within the optic radiations of patients after optic neuritis (ON). We aimed to study optic radiation DTI changes over 12 months following acute ON and to study correlations between DTI parameters and damage to the optic nerve and primary visual cortex (V1). We measured DTI parameters [fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), and mean diffusivity (MD)] from the optic radiations of 38 acute ON patients at presentation and 6 and 12 months after acute ON. In addition, we measured retinal nerve fibre layer thickness, visual evoked potential amplitude, optic radiation lesion load, and V1 thickness. At baseline, FA was reduced and RD and MD were increased compared to control. Over 12 months, FA reduced in patients at an average rate of -2.6% per annum (control = -0.51%; p = 0.006). Change in FA, RD, and MD correlated with V1 thinning over 12 months (FA: R = 0.450, p = 0.006; RD: R = -0.428, p = 0.009; MD: R = -0.365, p = 0.029). In patients with no optic radiation lesions, AD significantly correlated with RNFL thinning at 12 months (R = 0.489, p = 0.039). In conclusion, DTI can detect optic radiation changes over 12 months following acute ON that correlate with optic nerve and V1 damage.

Serial Diffusion Tensor Imaging of the Optic Radiations after Acute Optic Neuritis

PubMed Central

van der Walt, Anneke; Butzkueven, Helmut; Klistorner, Alexander; Egan, Gary F.; Kilpatrick, Trevor J.

2016-01-01

Previous studies have reported diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) changes within the optic radiations of patients after optic neuritis (ON). We aimed to study optic radiation DTI changes over 12 months following acute ON and to study correlations between DTI parameters and damage to the optic nerve and primary visual cortex (V1). We measured DTI parameters [fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), and mean diffusivity (MD)] from the optic radiations of 38 acute ON patients at presentation and 6 and 12 months after acute ON. In addition, we measured retinal nerve fibre layer thickness, visual evoked potential amplitude, optic radiation lesion load, and V1 thickness. At baseline, FA was reduced and RD and MD were increased compared to control. Over 12 months, FA reduced in patients at an average rate of −2.6% per annum (control = −0.51%; p = 0.006). Change in FA, RD, and MD correlated with V1 thinning over 12 months (FA: R = 0.450, p = 0.006; RD: R = −0.428, p = 0.009; MD: R = −0.365, p = 0.029). In patients with no optic radiation lesions, AD significantly correlated with RNFL thinning at 12 months (R = 0.489, p = 0.039). In conclusion, DTI can detect optic radiation changes over 12 months following acute ON that correlate with optic nerve and V1 damage. PMID:27555964

Health- and Taste-Related Attitudes Associated with Dietary Patterns in a Representative Sample of Polish Girls and Young Women: A Cross-Sectional Study (GEBaHealth Project)

PubMed Central

Lonnie, Marta; Wadolowska, Lidia; Czarnocinska, Jolanta; Jezewska-Zychowicz, Marzena; Babicz-Zielinska, Ewa

2018-01-01

Attitudes can be predictors of certain health-related behaviours. The attitudes of young females towards health and taste have not been yet fully examined and their associations with dietary behaviours remain unclear. The aim of the study was to investigate if attitudes are associated with dietary patterns in a representative sample of Polish girls. The study population consisted of 1107 girls, aged 13–21 and living in Poland. Attitudes were assessed using the Health and Taste Attitudes Scale (HTAS) and categorised as negative, neutral or positive. Dietary data was obtained using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Dietary patterns (DPs), derived previously with a Principal Component Analysis (PCA), were ‘Traditional Polish’, ‘Fruit and vegetables’, ‘Fast food and sweets’ and ‘Dairy and fats’. The associations between attitudes and DPs were assessed using Spearman’s correlation coefficients and logistic regression. The reference group were girls with neutral attitudes. Odds ratios (ORs) were adjusted for age, socioeconomic status (SES), and body mass index (BMI). The correlations between attitudes and DPs ranged from −0.28 for attitudes towards health and ‘Fast food and sweets’ and ‘Traditional Polish’ DPs to 0.33 for attitudes towards health and the ‘Fruit and vegetables’ DP (p < 0.05). In the logistic regression analysis, the strongest associations within health-related HTAS subscales were observed between negative attitudes towards natural products and the ‘Fast food and sweets’ DP (OR: 10.93; 95% CI: 3.32–36.01) and between positive attitudes towards health and the ‘Fruit and vegetables’ DP (OR: 5.10; 3.11–8.37). The strongest associations within taste-related HTAS subscales were observed between positive attitudes towards craving for sweet foods and the ‘Traditional Polish’ DP (OR: 1.93; 1.43–2.61) and between positive attitudes towards using food as a reward and the ‘Dairy and fats’ DP (OR: 2.08; 1.22–3.55) as well as the ‘Fast food and sweets’ DP (OR: 2.07; 1.14–3.74). Positive attitudes towards health were associated with a pro-healthy dietary pattern characterised by the consumption of fruit and vegetables, while negative attitudes towards natural products as well as a strong craving for sweets and using food as a reward were associated with less healthy dietary patterns. To improve the dietary habits of girls and young women, positive attitudes towards health should be strengthened and supported by emphasizing the sensory values of pro-healthy foods. PMID:29473894

Development and application of bio-sample quantification to evaluate stability and pharmacokinetics of inulin-type fructo-oligosaccharides from Morinda Officinalis.

PubMed

Chi, Liandi; Chen, Lingxiao; Zhang, Jiwen; Zhao, Jing; Li, Shaoping; Zheng, Ying

2018-07-15

Inulin-type fructooligosaccharides (FOS) purified from Morinda Officinalis, with degrees of polymerization (DP) from 3 to 9, have been approved in China as an oral prescribed drug for mild and moderate depression episode, while the stability and oral absorption of this FOS mixtures are largely unknown. As the main active component and quality control marker for above FOS, DP5 was selected as the representative FOS in this study. Desalting method by ion exchange resin was developed to treat bio-sample, followed by separation and quantification by high performance liquid chromatography-charged aerosol detector. Results showed that the DP5 was stepwisely hydrolyzed in simulated gastric fluid and gut microbiota, while maintained stable in intestinal fluid. DP5 has poor permeability across Caco-2 monolayer with P app of 5.22 × 10 -7  cm/s, and very poor oral absorption with bioavailability of (0.50 ± 0.12)% in rat. In conclusion, FOS in Morinda Officinalis demonstrated poor chemical stability in simulated gastric fluid and human gut microbiota, and low oral absorption in rats. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Functional characterization of the water-soluble organic carbon of size fractionated aerosol in the Southern Mississippi Valley

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chalbot, M.-C. G.; Brown, J.; Chitranshi, P.; Gamboa da Costa, G.; Pollock, E. D.; Kavouras, I. G.

2014-02-01

The chemical content of the water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) as a function of particle size was characterized in Little Rock, Arkansas in winter and spring 2013. The objectives of this study were to: (i) compare the functional characteristics of coarse, fine and ultrafine WSOC and (ii) reconcile the sources of WSOC for the period when carbonaceous aerosol was the most abundant particulate component. The WSOC accounted for 5% of particle mass for particles with dp > 0.96 μm and 10% of particle mass for particles with dp < 0.96 μm. Non-exchangeable aliphatic (H-C), unsaturated aliphatic (H-C-C=), oxygenated saturated aliphatic (H-C-O), acetalic (O-CH-O) and aromatic (Ar-H) protons were determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The total non-exchangeable organic hydrogen concentrations varied from 4.1 ± 0.1 nmol m-3 for particles with 0.96 < dp < 1.5 μm to 73.9 ± 12.3 nmol m-3 for particles with dp < 0.49 μm, resulting in molar H / C ratios of 0.48 ± 0.05 to 0.92 ± 0.09 observed in combustion-related organic aerosol. The R-H was the most abundant group representing about 45% of measured total non-exchangeable organic hydrogen concentration followed by H-C-O (27%) and H-C-C= (26%). Levoglucosan, amines, ammonium and methanosulfonate were tentatively identified in NMR fingerprints of fine particles. Sucrose, fructose, glucose, formate and acetate were associated with coarse particles. These qualitative differences of 1H-NMR profiles for different particle sizes indicated the possible contribution of biological aerosol and a mixture of aliphatic and oxygenated compounds from biomass burning and traffic exhausts. The concurrent presence of ammonium and amines also suggested the presence of ammonium/aminium nitrate and sulfate secondary aerosol. The size-dependent origin of WSOC was further corroborated by the increasing δ13C abundance from -26.81 ± 0.18‰ for the smallest particles to -25.93 ± 0.31‰ for the largest particles and the relative distribution of the functional groups as compared to those previously observed for marine, biomass burning and secondary organic aerosol. The latter also allowed for the differentiation of urban combustion-related aerosol and biological particles. The five types of organic hydrogen accounted for the majority of WSOC for particles with dp > 3.0 μm and dp < 0.96 μm.

Reproducible Preparation of Au/TS-1 with High Reaction Rate for Gas Phase Epoxidation of Propylene

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lee W. S.; Stach E.; Akatay, M.C.

2012-03-01

A refined and reliable synthesis procedure for Au/TS-1(Si/Ti molar ratio {approx}100) with high reaction rate for the direct gas phase epoxidation of propylene has been developed by studying the effects of pH of the gold slurry solution, mixing time, and preparation temperature for deposition precipitation (DP) of Au on TS-1 supports. Au/TS-1 catalysts prepared at optimal DP conditions (pH {approx} 7.3, mixing for 9.5 h, room temperature) showed an average PO rate {approx} 160 g{sub PO} h{sup -1} kg{sub Cat}{sup -1} at 200 C at 1 atm. A reproducibility better than {+-}10% was demonstrated by nine independent samples prepared atmore » the same conditions. These are the highest rates yet reported at 200 C. No visible gold particles were observed by the HRTEM analysis in the fresh Au/TS-1 with gold loading up to {approx}0.1 wt%, indicating that the gold species were smaller than 1 nm. Additionally, the rate per gram of Au and the catalyst stability increased as the Au loading decreased, giving a maximum value of 500 g{sub PO} h{sup -1} g{sub Au}{sup -1}, and Si/Ti molar ratios of {approx}100 gave the highest rates.« less

Contributions of Function-Altering Variants in Genes Implicated in Pubertal Timing and Body Mass for Self-Limited Delayed Puberty.

PubMed

Howard, Sasha R; Guasti, Leonardo; Poliandri, Ariel; David, Alessia; Cabrera, Claudia P; Barnes, Michael R; Wehkalampi, Karoliina; O'Rahilly, Stephen; Aiken, Catherine E; Coll, Anthony P; Ma, Marcella; Rimmington, Debra; Yeo, Giles S H; Dunkel, Leo

2018-02-01

Self-limited delayed puberty (DP) is often associated with a delay in physical maturation, but although highly heritable the causal genetic factors remain elusive. Genome-wide association studies of the timing of puberty have identified multiple loci for age at menarche in females and voice break in males, particularly in pathways controlling energy balance. We sought to assess the contribution of rare variants in such genes to the phenotype of familial DP. We performed whole-exome sequencing in 67 pedigrees (125 individuals with DP and 35 unaffected controls) from our unique cohort of familial self-limited DP. Using a whole-exome sequencing filtering pipeline one candidate gene [fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO)] was identified. In silico, in vitro, and mouse model studies were performed to investigate the pathogenicity of FTO variants and timing of puberty in FTO+/- mice. We identified potentially pathogenic, rare variants in genes in linkage disequilibrium with genome-wide association studies of age at menarche loci in 283 genes. Of these, five genes were implicated in the control of body mass. After filtering for segregation with trait, one candidate, FTO, was retained. Two FTO variants, found in 14 affected individuals from three families, were also associated with leanness in these patients with DP. One variant (p.Leu44Val) demonstrated altered demethylation activity of the mutant protein in vitro. Fto+/- mice displayed a significantly delayed timing of pubertal onset (P < 0.05). Mutations in genes implicated in body mass and timing of puberty in the general population may contribute to the pathogenesis of self-limited DP. Copyright © 2017 Endocrine Society

A post-hoc subgroup analysis of outcomes in the first phase III clinical study of edaravone (MCI-186) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

PubMed

2017-10-01

Our first phase III study failed to demonstrate efficacy of edaravone for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) compared to placebo. Here, we performed post-hoc subgroup analysis to identify a subgroup in which edaravone might be expected to show efficacy. We focussed on two newly defined subgroups, EESP and dpEESP2y. The EESP was defined as the efficacy-expected subpopulation with % forced vital capacity of ≥80%, and ≥2 points for all item scores in the revised ALS functional rating scale (ALSFRS-R) score before treatment. The dpEESP2y was defined as the greater-efficacy-expected subpopulation within EESP having a diagnosis of 'definite' or 'probable' ALS according to the El Escorial revised Airlie House diagnostic criteria and onset of disease within two years. The primary endpoint of the post-hoc analysis was the change in the ALSFRS-R score during the 24-week treatment period. The intergroup differences of the least-squares mean change in the ALSFRS-R score ± standard error during treatment were 0.65 ± 0.78 (p = 0.4108) in the full analysis set, 2.20 ± 1.03 (p = 0.0360) in the EESP, and 3.01 ± 1.33 (p = 0.0270) in the dpEESP2y. Edaravone exhibited efficacy in the dpEESP2y subgroup. A further clinical study in patients meeting dpEESP2y criteria is warranted.

Evaluation of a daily practice composite score for the assessment of Crohn's disease: the treatment impact of certolizumab pegol.

PubMed

Feagan, B G; Hanauer, S B; Coteur, G; Schreiber, S

2011-05-01

Successful treatment of systemic inflammatory symptoms is essential for improving health-related quality of life in patients with active Crohn's disease. Patient-reported outcomes provide unique perspectives on the impact of chronic disease. It is unknown whether a combination of different instruments might improve sensitivity to clinically relevant changes in health status. To develop a composite score based upon Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) items. Patients from the PRECiSE 2 trial who responded at week 6 to certolizumab pegol (CZP) were randomised to receive treatment with CZP 400 mg or placebo for up to 26 weeks. IBDQ and CDAI scores were assessed at weeks 0, 6, 16 and 26. A 'daily practice' composite score (DP-6) containing two items from the CDAI and four items from IBDQ was constructed. Correlation coefficients between the CDAI score and IBDQ total score at baseline and at week 26 were -0.344 and -0.603, respectively (P<0.05). All IBDQ items were improved following CZP treatment. The DP-6 had the highest responsiveness at assessing response to treatment, relative to CDAI total score, when compared with other scores. The DP-6 composite score could be used to optimise the use of existing instruments by serving as an index of symptoms due to systemic inflammation. Additional studies are needed to determine if the DP-6 composite score differentiates the impact of different treatments on patient-reported outcomes, and to determine if the use of the DP-6 improves the care of patients in clinical practice. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

A concentration-dependent multi-term linear free energy relationship for sorption of organic compounds to soils based on the hexadecane dilute-solution reference state.

PubMed

Zhu, Dongqiang; Pignatello, Joseph J

2005-11-15

A LFER of the type in the title is applied to sorption of numerous compounds to polyethylene and three soils for which sorption to natural organic matter (NOM) is presumed dominant. It provides fractional contributions to the Gibbs free energy of sorption corresponding to hydrophobic effects, dipolar/polarizability (D/P) effects in excess of the reference state, and the sum of possible specific forces such as H-bonding and pi-pi electron donor-acceptor (pi-pi EDA) interactions in excess of the reference state. Minimal inputs are the isotherm, the n-hexadecane-water partition coefficient and the Abraham pi parameter representing D/P effects. Sorption of all compounds to polyethylene can be described by considering only hydrophobic effects. Sorption of a calibration set of apolar compounds (aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons) to the natural sorbents is well-described by a combination of hydrophobic and D/P effects. For the apolar set, D/P contributes approximately 15-40% (2-8% for cyclohexane) of sorption free energy. D/P effects increase with the degree of chlorination for aliphatic compounds. For aromatic compounds D/P effects increase with fused ring size but do not vary with degree of chlorination and chlorine substitution pattern. H-bonding contributes substantially to sorption of alcohols, and similarly for 2-nonanol and 2,4-dichlorophenol (33-44%). pi-pi EDA forces contribute to phenanthrene sorption in one case. The effects of concentration, sorbent aromaticity (literature NMR), and sorbent polarity [(O + N)/C] on hydrophobic and D/P contributions for all compounds indicate that (a) molecules fill sites of progressively greater hydrophilic character; (b) the energy penalty for cavity formation in the solid decreases with concentration due to plasticization and greater intermolecular contact; (c) sorbent aromatic content more than sorbent polarity controls D/P interactions. Basing free energy on an inert electrostatic chemical environment afforded by n-hexadecane permits evaluation of direct electrostatic forces in NOM that contribute to sorption.

Electrogastrography associated with symptomatic changes after prokinetic drug treatment for functional dyspepsia.

PubMed

Lim, Hyun Chul; Lee, Sang In; Chen, Jiande D Z; Park, Hyojin

2012-11-07

To evaluate the effect of prokinetic drugs on electrogastrography (EGG) parameters according to symptomatic changes in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD). Seventy-four patients with FD were prospectively enrolled in this study between December 2006 and December 2010. We surveyed the patients using a questionnaire on dyspeptic symptoms before and after an 8-wk course of prokinetic drug treatment. We also measured cutaneous pre-prandial and post-prandial EGG recordings including percentage of gastric waves (normogastria, bradygastria, tachygastria), dominant frequency (DF), dominant power (DP), dominant frequency instability coefficient (DFIC), dominant power instability coefficient (DPIC), and the ratio of post-prandial to fasting in DP before and after the 8-wk course of prokinetic drug treatment. Fifty-two patients (70%) achieved symptomatic improvement after prokinetic drug treatment. Patients who had normal gastric slow waves showed symptom improvement group after treatment. Post-prandial DF showed a downward trend in the symptom improvement group, especially in the itopride group. Post-prandial DP was increased regardless of symptom improvement, especially in the itopride group and mosapride group. Post-prandial DFIC and DPIC in the symptom improvement group were significantly increased after the treatment. The EGG power ratio was increased after treatment in the symptom improvement group (0.50 ± 0.70 vs 0.93 ± 1.77, P = 0.002), especially in the itopride and levosulpiride groups. Prokinetics could improve the symptoms of FD by regulating gastric myoelectrical activity, and EGG could be a useful tool in evaluating the effects of various prokinetics.

Experimental investigation of the partitioning of phosphorus between metal and silicate phases - Implications for the earth, moon and eucrite parent body

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Newsom, H. E.; Drake, M. J.

1983-01-01

An experimental study is reported of the partitioning of Phosphorus between solid metal and basaltic silicate liquid as a function of temperature and oxygen fugacity and of the implications for the earth, moon and eucrite parent body (EPB). The relationship established between the partition coefficient and the fugacity is given at 1190 C by log D(P) = -1.12 log fO2 - 15.95 and by log D(P) = -1.53 log fO2 17.73 at 1300 C. The partition coefficient D(P) was determined, and it is found to be consistent with a valence state of 5 for P in the molten silicate. Using the determined coefficient the low P/La ratios of the earth, moon, and eucrites relative to C1 chondrites can be explained. The lowering of the P/La ratio in the eucrites relative to Cl chondrite by a factor of 40 can be explained by partitioning P into 20-25 wt% sulfur-bearing metallic liquid corresponding to 5-25% of the total metal plus silicate system. The low P/La and W/La ratios in the moon may be explained by the partitioning of P and W into metal during formation of a small core by separation of liquid metal from silicate at low degrees of partial melting of the silicates. These observations are consistent with independent formation of the moon and the earth.

Therapeutic efficacy and safety of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine versus artesunate-mefloquine in uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in India

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Resistance in Plasmodium falciparum to commonly used anti-malarial drugs, especially chloroquine, is being increasingly documented in India. By 2007, the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria has been revised to recommend artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) for all confirmed P. falciparum cases. Objective The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy, safety and tolerability between dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) and artesunate plus mefloquine (A + M) drug combinations in the treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in India. Methods Between 2006 and 2007, 150 patients with acute uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria were enrolled, randomized to DP (101) or A + M (49) and followed up for 63 days as part of an open-label, non-inferiority, randomized, phase III multicenter trial in Asia. Results The heterogeneity analysis showed no statistically significant difference between India and the other countries involved in the phase III study, for both the PCR-corrected and uncorrected cure rates. As shown at the whole study level, both forms of ACT were highly efficacious in India. In fact, in the per protocol population, the 63-day cure rates were 100% for A + M and 98.8% for DP. The DP combination exerted a significant post-treatment prophylactic effect, and compared with A + M a significant reduction in the incidence of new infections for DP was observed (respectively 17.1% versus 7.5% of patients experienced new infection within follow up). Parasite and fever clearance was rapid in both treatment arms (median time to parasite clearance of one day for both groups). Both DP and A + M were well tolerated, with the majority of adverse events of mild or moderate severity. The frequencies of individual adverse events were generally similar between treatments, although the incidence of post treatment adverse events was slightly higher in patients who received A + M with respect to those treated with DP. Conclusion DP is a new ACT displaying high efficacy and safety in the treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria and could potentially be considered for the first-line treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in India. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN 81306618 PMID:22818552

Silencing of sodium/hydrogen exchanger in the heart by direct injection of naked siRNA.

PubMed

Morgan, Patricio E; Correa, María V; Ennis, Irene L; Ennis, Irene E; Diez, Ariel A; Pérez, Néstor G; Cingolani, Horacio E

2011-08-01

Cardiac Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE1) hyperactivity is a central factor in cardiac remodeling following hypertension, myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and heart failure. Treatment of these pathologies by inhibiting NHE1 is challenging because specific drugs that have been beneficial in experimental models were associated with undesired side effects in clinical practice. In the present work, small interference RNA (siRNA) produced in vitro to specifically silence NHE1 (siRNA(NHE1)) was injected once in vivo into the apex of the left ventricular wall of mouse myocardium. After 48 h, left ventricular NHE1 protein expression was reduced in siRNA(NHE1)-injected mice compared with scrambled siRNA by 33.2 ± 3.4% (n = 5; P < 0.05). Similarly, NHE1 mRNA levels were reduced by 20 ± 2.0% (n = 4). At 72 h, siRNA(NHE1) spreading was evident from the decrease in NHE1 expression in three portions of the myocardium (apex, medium, base). NHE1 function was assessed based on maximal velocity of intracellular pH (pH(i)) recovery (dpH(i)/dt) after an ammonium prepulse-induced acidic load. Maximal dpH(i)/dt was reduced to 14% in siRNA(NHE1)-isolated left ventricular papillary muscles compared with scrambled siRNA. In conclusion, only one injection of naked siRNA(NHE1) successfully reduced NHE1 expression and activity in the left ventricle. As has been previously suggested, extensive NHE1 expression reduction may indicate myocardial spread of siRNA molecules from the injection site through gap junctions, providing a valid technique not only for further research into NHE1 function, but also for consideration as a potential therapeutic strategy.

Application of minimally invasive pancreatic surgery: an Italian survey.

PubMed

Capretti, Giovanni; Boggi, Ugo; Salvia, Roberto; Belli, Giulio; Coppola, Roberto; Falconi, Massimo; Valeri, Andrea; Zerbi, Alessandro

2018-05-16

The value of minimally invasive pancreatic surgery (MIPS) is still debated. To assess the diffusion of MIPS in Italy and identify the barriers preventing wider implementation, a questionnaire was developed under the auspices of three Scientific Societies (AISP, It-IHPBA, SICE) and was sent to the largest possible number of Italian surgeons also using the mailing list of the two main Italian Surgical Societies (SIC and ACOI). The questionnaire consisted of 25 questions assessing: centre characteristics, facilities and technologies, type of MIPS performed, surgical techniques employed and opinions on the present and future value of MIPS. Only one reply per unit was considered. Fifty-five units answered the questionnaire. While 54 units (98.2%) declared to perform MIPS, the majority of responders were not dedicated to pancreatic surgery. Twenty-five units (45.5%) performed < 20 pancreatic resections/year and 39 (70.9%) < 10 MIPS per year. Forty-nine units (89.1%) performed at least one minimally invasive (MI) distal pancreatectomy (DP), and 10 (18.2%) at least one MI pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). Robotic assistance was used in 18 units (31.7%) (14 DP, 7 PD). The major constraints limiting the diffusion of MIPS were the intrinsic difficulty of the technique and the lack of specific training. The overall value of MIPS was highly rated. Our survey illustrates the current diffusion of MIPS in Italy and underlines the great interest for this approach. Further diffusion of MIPS requires the implementation of standardized protocols of training. Creation of a prospective National Registry should also be considered.

Models of Conflict, with Explicit Representation of Command and Control Capabilities and Vulnerabilities.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-02-01

converting Bu’s to Bal s Case 2: Pa,cc (t) = 0.25 + 0.075t = PaA(t) =1.0 In this case a space (and hence time) varying representation of the attrition rate...34 a Attrition rates can be made time ( space ) dependent. * Note that the attrition law is assumed for illustration only to be in accordance with a...34 Systems Reserach Lab., Dept. of Industrial Eng., University of Michigan. Gaver, D.P. and Tonguc K. (1979) "Modelling the influnece of information on

Grand-canonical solution of semiflexible self-avoiding trails on the Bethe lattice.

PubMed

Dantas, W G; Oliveira, Tiago J; Stilck, Jürgen F; Prellberg, Thomas

2017-02-01

We consider a model of semiflexible interacting self-avoiding trails (sISATs) on a lattice, where the walks are constrained to visit each lattice edge at most once. Such models have been studied as an alternative to the self-attracting self-avoiding walks (SASAWs) to investigate the collapse transition of polymers, with the attractive interactions being on site as opposed to nearest-neighbor interactions in SASAWs. The grand-canonical version of the sISAT model is solved on a four-coordinated Bethe lattice, and four phases appear: non-polymerized (NP), regular polymerized (P), dense polymerized (DP), and anisotropic nematic (AN), the last one present in the phase diagram only for sufficiently stiff chains. The last two phases are dense, in the sense that all lattice sites are visited once in the AN phase and twice in the DP phase. In general, critical NP-P and DP-P transition surfaces meet with a NP-DP coexistence surface at a line of bicritical points. The region in which the AN phase is stable is limited by a discontinuous critical transition to the P phase, and we study this somewhat unusual transition in some detail. In the limit of rods, where the chains are totally rigid, the P phase is absent and the three coexistence lines (NP-AN, AN-DP, and NP-DP) meet at a triple point, which is the endpoint of the bicritical line.

MRI-based staging of hepatic fibrosis: Comparison of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging with magnetic resonance elastography.

PubMed

Ichikawa, Shintaro; Motosugi, Utaroh; Morisaka, Hiroyuki; Sano, Katsuhiro; Ichikawa, Tomoaki; Enomoto, Nobuyuki; Matsuda, Masanori; Fujii, Hideki; Onishi, Hiroshi

2015-07-01

To evaluate the use of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging for staging hepatic fibrosis, and compare its staging ability with that of magnetic resonance elastography (MRE). This study included 129 patients with pathologically staged liver fibrosis, and 53 patients with healthy livers. All patients underwent both MRE and IVIM imaging. Four diffusivity indices were calculated with 11 b-values; slow diffusion coefficient related to molecular diffusion (D), fast diffusion coefficient related to perfusion in micro-vessels (D*), perfusion-related diffusion fraction (f), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the accuracy of IVIM imaging and MRE for staging hepatic fibrosis. D*, f, and ADC values decreased significantly with fibrosis stage (P < 0.0124), and liver stiffness increased (P < 0.0001). The Az value of MRE was significantly higher than that of D* for all fibrosis stages (D* vs. MRE for ≥ F1, 0.851 vs. 0.992 [P < 0.0001]; ≥ F2, 0.898 vs. 0.998 [P = 0.0003]; ≥ F3, 0.904 vs. 0.995 [P = 0.0004]; F4, 0.885 vs. 0.996 [P < 0.0001]). IVIM imaging is a useful technique for evaluating hepatic fibrosis, but MRE is better able to discriminate fibrosis stages than IVIM imaging. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Child behavior checklist profiles in adolescents with bipolar and depressive disorders.

PubMed

Kweon, Kukju; Lee, Hyun-Jeong; Park, Kee Jeong; Joo, Yeonho; Kim, Hyo-Won

2016-10-01

We aimed to evaluate the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) profiles in youths with bipolar and depressive disorders. Seventy-four subjects with a mean age of 14.9±1.6years (36 boys) with mood disorders and their parents were recruited from September 2011 to June 2013 in the Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea. Diagnosis of mood disorder and comorbid psychiatric disorder was confirmed by child psychiatrists using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children - Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL). The parents of the subjects completed the Parent General Behavior Inventory-10-item Mania Scale (P-GBI-10M), Parent-version of Mood Disorder Questionnaire (P-MDQ), ADHD rating scale (ARS) and CBCL. The adolescents completed the 76-item Adolescent General Behavior Inventory (A-GBI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Adolescent-version of Mood Disorder Questionnaire (A-MDQ). When adjusted for gender and the comorbidity with ADHD, the Withdrawn and Anxious/Depressed subscale scores of the CBCL were higher in subjects with bipolar disorder than in those with depressive disorder. Higher scores of A-GBI Depressive subscale, A-MDQ and BDI were shown in subjects with bipolar disorder than in those with depressive disorder. There was no significant difference on CBCL-DP, P-GBI-10M, P-MDQ, A-GBI Hypomanic/Biphasic subscale and ARS between two groups. All eight subscales of the CBCL positively correlated with the P-GBI-10M and P-MDQ scores, and seven of all eight subscales of the CBCL positively correlated with A-GBI Depressive and Hypomanic/Biphasic subscales. The BDI score was positively associated with the Withdrawn, Somatic Complaints, Anxious/Depressed, and Social Problems subscale scores. CBCL-DP score was strongly correlated with manic/hypomanic symptoms measured by P-GBI-10M and P-MDQ (r=0.771 and 0.826). This study suggests that the CBCL could be used for measuring mood symptoms and combined psychopathology, especially internalizing symptoms, in youth with mood disorder. However, CBCL-DP had limited ability to differentiate bipolar from depressive disorder, at least in adolescents. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Synthesis, X-ray crystallography characterization, vibrational spectroscopic, molecular electrostatic potential maps, thermodynamic properties studies of N,N'-di(p-thiazole)formamidine.

PubMed

Rofouei, M K; Fereyduni, E; Sohrabi, N; Shamsipur, M; Attar Gharamaleki, J; Sundaraganesan, N

2011-01-01

In this work, we will report a combined experimental and theoretical study on molecular and vibrational structure of N,N'-di(p-thiazole)formamidine (DpTF). DpTF has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, FT-Raman, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy and X-ray single crystal diffraction. The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of DpTF were recorded in the solid phase. The optimized geometry was calculated by HF and B3LYP methods using 6-31G(d) basis set. The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of DpTF was calculated at the HF/B3LYP/6-31G(d) level and were interpreted in terms of potential energy distribution (PED) analysis. The scaled theoretical wavenumber showed very good agreement with the experimental values. A detailed interpretation of the infrared and Raman spectra of DpTF was reported. On the basis of vibrational analyses, the thermodynamic properties of the title compound at different temperatures have been calculated, revealing the correlations between Cp,m°, Sm°, Hm° and temperatures. Furthermore, molecular electrostatic potential maps (MESP) and total dipole moment properties of the compound have been calculated. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effect of Methylphenidate on Emotional Dysregulation in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder + Oppositional Defiant Disorder/Conduct Disorder.

PubMed

Kutlu, Ayse; Akyol Ardic, Ulku; Ercan, Eyup Sabri

2017-04-01

Emotional dysregulation (ED) is a frequent feature of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It can be observed as a dysregulation profile or a deficient emotional self-regulation (DESR) profile. Oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD) comorbidity is prevalent in ADHD and known to be related with ED. The first-line treatment of ADHD includes psychostimulants, but their effects on ED are not well studied. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of methylphenidate (MPH) treatment on ED in ADHD + ODD/CD cases. A total of 118 ADHD + ODD/CD patients with a mean age of 9.0 ± 1.9 years were treated with MPH for 1 year. Also, parents of cases were recruited for a parent-training program, which initiated after first month of MPH treatment. Symptom severity was assessed at baseline and 12th month by Turgay Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition-Based Child and Adolescent Behavior Disorders Screening and Rating Scale-Parent Form, Children Depression Inventory, Child Behavior Checklist 4-18 years, and Parental Acceptance and Rejection Questionnaire-Mother Form. Emotional dysregulation (DESR + DP) was present in 85.6% of cases. Conduct disorder was significantly higher in patients with DP, whereas ODD was significantly higher in the DESR and non-ED groups (P < 0.0001). Symptoms of ADHD and ED were significantly improved with 1-year of MPH treatment (P < 0.05). The improvement in ED was independent of improvement in ADHD symptoms and parent training (P < 0.05). Emotional dysregulation is highly prevalent in disruptive behavioral disorders as ODD and CD, which are comorbid with ADHD. The MPH treatment is effective on ED independently from other clinical determinants.

Acid-base regulation during heating and cooling in the lizard, Varanus exanthematicus.

PubMed

Wood, S C; Johansen, K; Glass, M L; Hoyt, R W

1981-04-01

Current concepts of acid-base balance in ectothermic animals require that arterial pH vary inversely with body temperature in order to maintain a constant OH-/H+ and constant net charge on proteins. The present study evaluates acid-base regulation in Varanus exanthematicus under various regimes of heating and cooling between 15 and 38 degrees C. Arterial blood was sampled during heating and cooling at various rates, using restrained and unrestrained animals with and without face masks. Arterial pH was found to have a small temperature dependence, i.e., pH = 7.66--0.005 (T). The slope (dpH/dT = -0.005), while significantly greater than zero (P less than 0.05), is much less than that required for a constant OH-/H+ or a constant imidazole alphastat (dpH/dT congruent to 0.018). The physiological mechanism that distinguishes this species from most other ectotherms is the presence of a ventilatory response to temperature-induced changes in CO2 production and O2 uptake, i.e., VE/VO2 is constant. This results in a constant O2 extraction and arterial saturation (approx. 90%), which is adaptive to the high aerobic requirements of this species.

Effects of gastric pH on oral drug absorption: In vitro assessment using a dissolution/permeation system reflecting the gastric dissolution process.

PubMed

Kataoka, Makoto; Fukahori, Miho; Ikemura, Atsumi; Kubota, Ayaka; Higashino, Haruki; Sakuma, Shinji; Yamashita, Shinji

2016-04-01

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of gastric pH on the oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs using an in vitro system. A dissolution/permeation system (D/P system) equipped with a Caco-2 cell monolayer was used as the in vitro system to evaluate oral drug absorption, while a small vessel filled with simulated gastric fluid (SGF) was used to reflect the gastric dissolution phase. After applying drugs in their solid forms to SGF, SGF solution containing a 1/100 clinical dose of each drug was mixed with the apical solution of the D/P system, which was changed to fasted state-simulated intestinal fluid. Dissolved and permeated amounts on applied amount of drugs were then monitored for 2h. Similar experiments were performed using the same drugs, but without the gastric phase. Oral absorption with or without the gastric phase was predicted in humans based on the amount of the drug that permeated in the D/P system, assuming that the system without the gastric phase reflected human absorption with an elevated gastric pH. The dissolved amounts of basic drugs with poor water solubility, namely albendazole, dipyridamole, and ketoconazole, in the apical solution and their permeation across a Caco-2 cell monolayer were significantly enhanced when the gastric dissolution process was reflected due to the physicochemical properties of basic drugs. These amounts resulted in the prediction of higher oral absorption with normal gastric pH than with high gastric pH. On the other hand, when diclofenac sodium, the salt form of an acidic drug, was applied to the D/P system with the gastric phase, its dissolved and permeated amounts were significantly lower than those without the gastric phase. However, the oral absorption of diclofenac was predicted to be complete (96-98%) irrespective of gastric pH because the permeated amounts of diclofenac under both conditions were sufficiently high to achieve complete absorption. These estimations of the effects of gastric pH on the oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs were consistent with observations in humans. In conclusion, the D/P system with the gastric phase may be a useful tool for better predicting the oral absorption of poorly water-soluble basic drugs. In addition, the effects of gastric pH on the oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs may be evaluated by the D/P system with and without the gastric phase. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Structural features of a bituminous coal and their changes during low-temperature oxidation and loss of volatiles investigated by advanced solid-state NMR spectroscopy

USGS Publications Warehouse

Mao, J.-D.; Schimmelmann, A.; Mastalerz, Maria; Hatcher, P.G.; Li, Y.

2010-01-01

Quantitative and advanced 13C solid-state NMR techniques were employed to investigate (i) the chemical structure of a high volatile bituminous coal, as well as (ii) chemical structural changes of this coal after evacuation of adsorbed gases, (iii) during oxidative air exposure at room temperature, and (iv) after oxidative heating in air at 75 ??C. The solid-state NMR techniques employed in this study included quantitative direct polarization/magic angle spinning (DP/MAS) at a high spinning speed of 14 kHz, cross polarization/total sideband suppression (CP/TOSS), dipolar dephasing, CH, CH2, and CHn selection, 13C chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) filtering, two-dimensional (2D) 1H-13C heteronuclear correlation NMR (HETCOR), and 2D HETCOR with 1H spin diffusion. With spectral editing techniques, we identified methyl CCH 3, rigid and mobile methylene CCH2C, methine CCH, quaternary Cq, aromatic CH, aromatic carbons bonded to alkyls, small-sized condensed aromatic moieties, and aromatic C-O groups. With direct polarization combined with spectral-editing techniques, we quantified 11 different types of functional groups. 1H-13C 2D HETCOR NMR experiments indicated spatial proximity of aromatic and alkyl moieties in cross-linked structures. The proton spin diffusion experiments indicated that the magnetization was not equilibrated at a 1H spin diffusion time of 5 ms. Therefore, the heterogeneity in spatial distribution of different functional groups should be above 2 nm. Recoupled C-H long-range dipolar dephasing showed that the fraction of large charcoal-like clusters of polycondensed aromatic rings was relatively small. The exposure of this coal to atmospheric oxygen at room temperature for 6 months did not result in obvious chemical structural changes of the coal, whereas heating at 75 ??C in air for 10 days led to oxidation of coal and generated some COO groups. Evacuation removed most volatiles and caused a significant reduction in aliphatic signals in its DP/MAS spectrum. DP/MAS, but not CP/MAS, allowed us to detect the changes during low-temperature oxidation and loss of volatiles. These results demonstrate the applicability of advanced solid-state NMR techniques in chemical characterization of coal. ?? 2010 American Chemical Society.

The physiological and biomechanical differences between double poling and G3 skating in world class cross-country skiers.

PubMed

Sandbakk, Øyvind; Leirdal, Stig; Ettema, Gertjan

2015-03-01

The current study compared differences in cycle characteristics, energy expenditure and peak speed between double poling (DP) and G3 skating. Eight world class male sprint skiers performed a 5-min submaximal test at 16 km h(-1) and an incremental test to exhaustion at a 5% incline during treadmill roller skiing with two different techniques: DP where all propulsion comes from poling, and G3 skating where leg skating is added to each double poling movement. Video analyses determined cycle characteristics; respiratory parameters and blood lactate concentration determined the physiological responses. G3 skating resulted in 16% longer cycle lengths at 16% lower cycle rates, whereas oxygen uptake was independent of technique during submaximal roller skiing. The corresponding advantages for G3 skating during maximal roller skiing were reflected in 14% higher speed, 30% longer cycle length at 16% lower cycle rate and 11% higher peak oxygen uptake (all p < 0.05). Compared to DP approximately 14% higher speed was achieved when leg push-offs were added in G3 skating. This was done by major increases in cycle lengths at slightly lower cycle rates and a higher aerobic energy delivery. However, the oxygen uptake for a given submaximal speed was not affected by technique although higher cycle rate was used in DP.

Genetics and physiology of cell wall polysaccharides in the model C4 grass, Setaria viridis spp.

PubMed

Ermawar, Riksfardini A; Collins, Helen M; Byrt, Caitlin S; Henderson, Marilyn; O'Donovan, Lisa A; Shirley, Neil J; Schwerdt, Julian G; Lahnstein, Jelle; Fincher, Geoffrey B; Burton, Rachel A

2015-10-02

Setaria viridis has emerged as a model species for the larger C4 grasses. Here the cellulose synthase (CesA) superfamily has been defined, with an emphasis on the amounts and distribution of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan, a cell wall polysaccharide that is characteristic of the grasses and is of considerable value for human health. Orthologous relationship of the CesA and Poales-specific cellulose synthase-like (Csl) genes among Setaria italica (Si), Sorghum bicolor (Sb), Oryza sativa (Os), Brachypodium distachyon (Bradi) and Hordeum vulgare (Hv) were compared using bioinformatics analysis. Transcription profiling of Csl gene families, which are involved in (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan synthesis, was performed using real-time quantitative PCR (Q-PCR). The amount of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan was measured using a modified Megazyme assay. The fine structures of the (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan, as denoted by the ratio of cellotriosyl to cellotetraosyl residues (DP3:DP4 ratio) was assessed by chromatography (HPLC and HPAEC-PAD). The distribution and deposition of the MLG was examined using the specific antibody BG-1 and captured using fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The cellulose synthase gene superfamily contains 13 CesA and 35 Csl genes in Setaria. Transcript profiling of CslF, CslH and CslJ gene families across a vegetative tissue series indicated that SvCslF6 transcripts were the most abundant relative to all other Csl transcripts. The amounts of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in Setaria vegetative tissues ranged from 0.2% to 2.9% w/w with much smaller amounts in developing grain (0.003% to 0.013% w/w). In general, the amount of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan was greater in younger than in older tissues. The DP3:DP4 ratios varied between tissue types and across developmental stages, and ranged from 2.4 to 3.0:1. The DP3:DP4 ratios in developing grain ranged from 2.5 to 2.8:1. Micrographs revealing the distribution of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in walls of different cell types and the data were consistent with the quantitative (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan assays. The characteristics of the cellulose synthase gene superfamily and the accumulation and distribution of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucans in Setaria are similar to those in other C4 grasses, including sorghum. This suggests that Setaria is a suitable model plant for cell wall polysaccharide biology in C4 grasses.

The influence of clothing on human intrathoracic pressure during airblast.

PubMed

Young, A J; Jaeger, J J; Phillips, Y Y; Yelverton, J T; Richmond, D R

1985-01-01

Exposure to airblast can result in injury to the lungs and other gas-containing organs. The mechanism of lung injury is not clearly understood, but may be related to the rapid increase in intrathoracic pressure (ITP) which is produced when the blast wave strikes the chest wall. The purpose of this study was to determine if ITP during airblast would be influenced by several different types of protective clothing. Ten healthy young male volunteers were exposed to airblast while standing face-on and wearing 1) military fatigues (control condition); 2) fatigues with field jacket; 3) fatigues with ballistic armor vest; 4) fatigues with ceramic vest; 5) fatigues with ceramic vest over the ballistic vest. The incident blast waves simulated artillery muzzle blast. In each subject, an esophageal strain-gauge pressure transducer measured ITP during the blast. The pressure signal was analyzed for ITPmax, and maximum rate of rise of ITP (dP X dt max-1). In addition, the power density spectra of each ITP wave was computed and the peak frequency (fp) and centroid frequency (fc) were calculated. When the subjects wore the ballistic vest, the mean ITPmax was higher (p less than 0.05) than when they were exposed to airblast in fatigues alone. ITPmax was not influenced by the other clothing ensembles. The mean dP X dtmax-1 was not significantly different with any protective clothing ensemble. Clothing had no significant effect of fp, but with the ballistic vest, the mean calculated fc was higher (p less than 0.05) than that for the fatigues alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Allatoona Lake Destratification Equipment Test Appendix C: Operational and Water Quality Data 1970

DTIC Science & Technology

1971-02-01

K PN 1%1 %NVNNN .4. - ~32 ft a 40 *aaepm C * **.4v4 m.m 921, aaaa~aa~~ a .a ;z - 40. .94.8*am m4 .4a iP P. td * ’* - a I we C. 0e . .. aa.aaa a a ma...Itac.mmC V in -~ a 44 44eI 2.4 44 14 4(dP 4 .444 W ..* 4 - 0 4mado 12 tv W cm m w vq a ama 40 4 a aD am a as *0 Ia a mamm M f 4Z2 .% ,!P .4 44 td 44t 4...As4CE3 i - i w N(~ Lo-N 4 m* m NPA gN x I’. .4.4..4.m4.4C a z in 00110 ob . *4....d 4bd bd b4 V4 .4 IN T o1 U.4 Loa U1- U..0 AnI d% -’Sd II 3p 4 44. 4 ~~f

Automated patient setup and gating using cone beam computed tomography projections

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wan, Hanlin; Bertholet, Jenny; Ge, Jiajia; Poulsen, Per; Parikh, Parag

2016-03-01

In radiation therapy, fiducial markers are often implanted near tumors and used for patient positioning and respiratory gating purposes. These markers are then used to manually align the patients by matching the markers in the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) reconstruction to those in the planning CT. This step is time-intensive and user-dependent, and often results in a suboptimal patient setup. We propose a fully automated, robust method based on dynamic programming (DP) for segmenting radiopaque fiducial markers in CBCT projection images, which are then used to automatically optimize the treatment couch position and/or gating window bounds. The mean of the absolute 2D segmentation error of our DP algorithm is 1.3+/- 1.0 mm for 87 markers on 39 patients. Intrafraction images were acquired every 3 s during treatment at two different institutions. For gated patients from Institution A (8 patients, 40 fractions), the DP algorithm increased the delivery accuracy (96+/- 6% versus 91+/- 11% , p  <  0.01) compared to the manual setup using kV fluoroscopy. For non-gated patients from Institution B (6 patients, 16 fractions), the DP algorithm performed similarly (1.5+/- 0.8 mm versus 1.6+/- 0.9 mm, p  =  0.48) compared to the manual setup matching the fiducial markers in the CBCT to the mean position. Our proposed automated patient setup algorithm only takes 1-2 s to run, requires no user intervention, and performs as well as or better than the current clinical setup.

Atomistic Modeling of Cation Diffusion in Transition Metal Perovskites La1-xSrxMnO3+/-δfor Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathodes Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Yueh-Lin; Duan, Yuhua; Morgan, Dane; Sorescu, Dan; Abernathy, Harry

Cation diffusion in La1-xSrxMnO3+/-δ (LSM) and in related perovskite materials play an important role in controlling long term performance and stability of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFCs) cathodes. Due to sluggish rates of cation diffusion and complex coupling between defect chemistry and cation diffusion pathways, currently there is still lack of quantitative theoretical model predictions on cation diffusivity vs. T and P(O2) to describe experimental cation tracer diffusivities. In this work, based on ab initio modeling of LSM defect chemistry and migration barriers of the possible cation diffusion pathways, we assess the rates of A-site and B-site cation diffusion in a wide range of T and P(O2) at x =0.0 and 0.2 for SOFC applications. We demonstrate the active cation diffusion pathways in LSM involve cation defect clusters as cation transport carriers, where reduction in the cation migration barriers, which are governed by the steric effect associated with the metal-oxygen cage in the perovskite lattice, is much greater than the penalty of repulsive interaction in the A-site and B-site cation vacancy clusters, leading to higher cation diffusion rates as compared to those of single cation vacancy hopping mechanisms. The predicted Mn and La/Sr cation self-diffusion coefficients of LSM at at x =0.0 and 0.2 along with their 1/T and P(O2) dependences, are in good agreement with the experimental tracer diffusion coefficients.

The DP-1 transcription factor is required for keratinocyte growth and epidermal stratification.

PubMed

Chang, Wing Y; Bryce, Dawn M; D'Souza, Sudhir J A; Dagnino, Lina

2004-12-03

The epidermis is a stratified epithelium constantly replenished through the ability of keratinocytes in its basal layer to proliferate and self-renew. The epidermis arises from a single-cell layer ectoderm during embryogenesis. Large proliferative capacity is central to ectodermal cell and basal keratinocyte function. DP-1, a heterodimeric partner of E2F transcription factors, is highly expressed in the ectoderm and all epidermal layers during embryogenesis. To investigate the role of DP-1 in epidermal morphogenesis, we inhibited DP-1 activity through exogenous expression of a dominant-negative mutant (dnDP-1). Expression of the dnDP-1 mutant interferes with binding of E2F/DP-1 heterodimers to DNA and inhibits DNA replication, as well as cyclin A mRNA and protein expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated that the cyclin A promoter is predominantly bound in proliferating keratinocytes by complexes containing E2F-3 and E2F-4. Thus, the mechanisms of decreased expression of cyclin A in the presence of dnDP-1 seem to involve inactivation of DP-1 complexes containing E2F-3 and E2F-4. To assess the consequences on epidermal morphogenesis of inhibiting DP-1 activity, we expressed dnDP-1 in rat epithelial keratinocytes in organotypic culture and observed that DP-1 inhibition negatively affected stratification of these cells. Likewise, expression of dnDP-1 in embryonic ectoderm explants produced extensive disorganization of subsequently formed epidermal basal and suprabasal layers, interfering with normal epidermal formation. We conclude that DP-1 activity is required for normal epidermal morphogenesis and ectoderm-to-epidermis transition.

Hypothermia and cerebral protection strategies in aortic arch surgery: a comparative effectiveness analysis from the STS Adult Cardiac Surgery Database.

PubMed

Englum, Brian R; He, Xia; Gulack, Brian C; Ganapathi, Asvin M; Mathew, Joseph P; Brennan, J Matthew; Reece, T Brett; Keeling, W Brent; Leshnower, Bradley G; Chen, Edward P; Jacobs, Jeffrey P; Thourani, Vinod H; Hughes, G Chad

2017-09-01

Hypothermic circulatory arrest is essential to aortic arch surgery, although consensus regarding optimal cerebral protection strategy remains lacking. We evaluated the current use and comparative effectiveness of hypothermia/cerebral perfusion (CP) strategies in aortic arch surgery. Using the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Database, cases of aortic arch surgery with hypothermic circulatory arrest from 2011 to 2014 were categorized by hypothermia strategy-deep/profound (D/P; ≤20°C), low-moderate (L-M; 20.1-24°C), and high-moderate (H-M; 24.1-28°C)-and CP strategy-no CP, antegrade (ACP), retrograde (RCP) or both ACP/RCP. After adjusting for potential confounders, strategies were compared by composite end-point (operative mortality or neurologic complication). Of the 12 521 aortic arch repairs with hypothermic circulatory arrest, the most common combined strategies were straight D/P without CP (25%), D/P + RCP (16%) and D/P + ACP (14%). Overall rates of the primary end-point, operative mortality and stroke were 23%, 12% and 8%, respectively. Among the 7 most common strategies, the 2 not utilizing CP (straight D/P and straight L-M) appeared inferior, associated with significantly higher risk of the composite end-point (odds ratio: 1.6; P < 0.01); there was no significant difference in composite outcome between the remaining strategies (D/P + ACP, D/P + RCP, L-M + ACP, L-M + RCP and H-M + ACP). In a comparative effectiveness study of cerebral protection strategies for aortic arch repair, strategies without adjunctive CP, including the most commonly utilized strategy of straight D/P hypothermia, appeared inferior to those utilizing CP. There was no clearly superior strategy among remaining techniques, and randomized trials are needed to define best practice. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.

Comparative Accuracy of Facial Models Fabricated Using Traditional and 3D Imaging Techniques.

PubMed

Lincoln, Ketu P; Sun, Albert Y T; Prihoda, Thomas J; Sutton, Alan J

2016-04-01

The purpose of this investigation was to compare the accuracy of facial models fabricated using facial moulage impression methods to the three-dimensional printed (3DP) fabrication methods using soft tissue images obtained from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and 3D stereophotogrammetry (3D-SPG) scans. A reference phantom model was fabricated using a 3D-SPG image of a human control form with ten fiducial markers placed on common anthropometric landmarks. This image was converted into the investigation control phantom model (CPM) using 3DP methods. The CPM was attached to a camera tripod for ease of image capture. Three CBCT and three 3D-SPG images of the CPM were captured. The DICOM and STL files from the three 3dMD and three CBCT were imported to the 3DP, and six testing models were made. Reversible hydrocolloid and dental stone were used to make three facial moulages of the CPM, and the impressions/casts were poured in type IV gypsum dental stone. A coordinate measuring machine (CMM) was used to measure the distances between each of the ten fiducial markers. Each measurement was made using one point as a static reference to the other nine points. The same measuring procedures were accomplished on all specimens. All measurements were compared between specimens and the control. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey pairwise comparison of the raters, methods, and fiducial markers. The ANOVA multiple comparisons showed significant difference among the three methods (p < 0.05). Further, the interaction of methods versus fiducial markers also showed significant difference (p < 0.05). The CBCT and facial moulage method showed the greatest accuracy. 3DP models fabricated using 3D-SPG showed statistical difference in comparison to the models fabricated using the traditional method of facial moulage and 3DP models fabricated from CBCT imaging. 3DP models fabricated using 3D-SPG were less accurate than the CPM and models fabricated using facial moulage and CBCT imaging techniques. © 2015 by the American College of Prosthodontists.

Synthesis of water soluble chitosan stabilized gold nanoparticles and determination of uric acid

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lanh Le, Thi; Khieu Dinh, Quang; Hoa Tran, Thai; Nguyen, Hai Phong; Le Hien Hoang, Thi; Hien Nguyen, Quoc

2014-06-01

Gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) have been successfully synthesized by utilizing water soluble chitosan as reducing and stabilizing agent. The colloidal Au-NPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that the colloidal Au-NPs had a plasmon absorption band with maximum wavelength in the range of 520-526 nm and the diameters were about 8-15 nm. In addition, a new Au-NPs-modified electrode was fabricated by self-assembling Au-NPs to the surface of the L-cysteine-modified glassy carbon electrode (Au-NPs/L-Cys/GCE). The Au-NPs-modified electrode showed an excellent character for electro-catalytic oxidization of uric acid (UA) in 0.1 mol L-1 phosphate buffer solution (pH 3.2). Using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DP-ASV), a high selectivity for determination of UA has been explored for the Au-NPs-modified electrode. DP-ASV peak currents of UA increased linearly with their concentration at the range of 2.0 × 10-6 to 4.0 × 10-5 mol L-1 with the detection limit of 2.7 × 10-6 mol L-1 for UA. The proposed method was applied for the detection of UA in human urine and serum samples with satisfactory results.

Airflow structures and nano-particle deposition in a human upper airway model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Z.; Kleinstreuer, C.

2004-07-01

Considering a human upper airway model, or equivalently complex internal flow conduits, the transport and deposition of nano-particles in the 1-150 nm diameter range are simulated and analyzed for cyclic and steady flow conditions. Specifically, using a commercial finite-volume software with user-supplied programs as a solver, the Euler-Euler approach for the fluid-particle dynamics is employed with a low-Reynolds-number k- ω model for laminar-to-turbulent airflow and the mass transfer equation for dispersion of nano-particles or vapors. Presently, the upper respiratory system consists of two connected segments of a simplified human cast replica, i.e., the oral airways from the mouth to the trachea (Generation G0) and an upper tracheobronchial tree model of G0-G3. Experimentally validated computational fluid-particle dynamics results show the following: (i) transient effects in the oral airways appear most prominently during the decelerating phase of the inspiratory cycle; (ii) selecting matching flow rates, total deposition fractions of nano-size particles for cyclic inspiratory flow are not significantly different from those for steady flow; (iii) turbulent fluctuations which occur after the throat can persist downstream to at least Generation G3 at medium and high inspiratory flow rates (i.e., Qin⩾30 l/min) due to the enhancement of flow instabilities just upstream of the flow dividers; however, the effects of turbulent fluctuations on nano-particle deposition are quite minor in the human upper airways; (iv) deposition of nano-particles occurs to a relatively greater extent around the carinal ridges when compared to the straight tubular segments in the bronchial airways; (v) deposition distributions of nano-particles vary with airway segment, particle size, and inhalation flow rate, where the local deposition is more uniformly distributed for large-size particles (say, dp=100 nm) than for small-size particles (say, dp=1 nm); (vi) dilute 1 nm particle suspensions behave like certain (fuel) vapors which have the same diffusivities; and (vii) new correlations for particle deposition as a function of a diffusion parameter are most useful for global lung modeling.

Phosphate equilibration rate and daily clearance in patients on CAPD, CCPD and APD.

PubMed

Gomez, Rafael; Waniewski, Jacek; Zapata, Adelaida; Pietribiasi, Mauro; Lindholm, Bengt

2017-01-24

Criteria for how to assess removal rate of inorganic phosphorous (iP) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) and whether iP removal differs between different PD modalities are debated. In a cross-sectional study, 73 prevalent patients on continuous ambulatory PD (n = 16), continuous cyclic PD (n = 8) or automated PD (n = 49) with mean age 54 (range, 18-87) years, 46 males, underwent standard peritoneal equilibration test (PET) and 24-hour collection of dialysate with measurements of iP, urea and creatinine in all samples and bags. There were 11 slow, 53 average, and 9 fast transporters. D/P ratios for iP and creatinine at 4 h of PET were strongly correlated (ρ = 0.86, p<0.0001). Allocation of patients into slow, average and fast transporters according to D/P ratios for iP and creatinine was essentially similar. Whereas the weekly peritoneal clearance of iP (30.8 ± 16.6 L/wk) was lower than that of creatinine (38.4 ± 14.9 L/wk), clearances were strongly correlated (ρ = 0.89, p<0.0001). The correlation between peritoneal weekly clearance of iP and urea KT/V was however weak (ρ = 0.56, p<0.0001. CAPD patients had higher iP clearance than APD patients, 43.2 ± 14.9 versus 24.7 ± 13.4 L/wk (p<0.05); however, serum iP concentrations did not differ. Creatinine is a good surrogate marker for phosphate removal, both as assessed by PET and by 24 hours' clearance, in different PD modalities. Therefore, a separate PET scale for phosphate may not be needed. iP removal was greater with CAPD than APD but serum phosphate levels did not differ.

Comparative distribution of sulphur, thiols and disulphides in the porcine stratum corneum.

PubMed

Meyer, W; Zschemisch, N H; Lehmann, H; Busche, R; Kunz, U

2005-01-01

Biochemical, histochemical and cytochemical analyses were used to determine the sulphur contents and the thiol and disulphide distribution in the stratum corneum (SC) of the wild boar (WB), a large domestic pig breed (DP) and the Goettingen miniature pig (GMP). The sulphur contents (% DW) were different in the three animal types (WB: 1.70-1.38 body, 0.54 ear; DP: 0.84-0.53 body, 0.50 ear; GMP: 2.28-2.51 body, 2.66 ear). The results of the histochemical analysis of SH- and -S-S- groups were clear, and densitometrical extinctions were highest in most body regions of the GMP for thiols and disulphides, followed by the DP for thiols, and the WB for disulphides. Absolute SC thickness was highest in the body of the GMP (62-80 mum), and generally lowest in the ear (20-38 mum) of all animal types. Relative SC thickness was the same for all animals in the body (40-66%), but lower in the ear (30%). Only -S-S- concentrations were correlated with SC thickness, and primarily in the GMP. Cytochemical analysis showed that high sulphur concentrations were obvious particularly in the CCE of corneal cells in the DP, as compared to the cytoplasm. Intracellular sulphur distribution was homogenous in the WB, and in the GMP, although in the latter at a higher concentration level. The results indicate breed-related effects on keratinisation in porcine corneal cells. Only the SC of the outer side of the ear of DP females is recommended as a model for humans.

pH/NIR Light-Controlled Multidrug Release via a Mussel-Inspired Nanocomposite Hydrogel for Chemo-Photothermal Cancer Therapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghavaminejad, Amin; Samarikhalaj, Melisa; Aguilar, Ludwig Erik; Park, Chan Hee; Kim, Cheol Sang

2016-09-01

This study reports on an intelligent composite hydrogel with both pH-dependent drug release in a cancer environment and heat generation based on NIR laser exposure, for the combined application of photothermal therapy (PTT) and multidrug chemotherapy. For the first time in the literature, Dopamine nanoparticle (DP) was incorporated as a highly effective photothermal agent as well as anticancer drug, bortezomib (BTZ) carrier inside a stimuli responsive pNIPAAm-co-pAAm hydrogel. When light is applied to the composite hydrogel, DP nanoparticle absorbs the light, which is dissipated locally as heat to impact cancer cells via hyperthermia. On the other hand, facile release of the anticancer drug BTZ from the surface of DP encapsulated hydrogel could be achieved due to the dissociation between catechol groups of DP and the boronic acid functionality of BTZ in typical acidic cancer environment. In order to increase the synergistic effect by dual drug delivery, Doxorubicin (DOXO) were also loaded to pNIPAAm-co-pAAm/DP-BTZ hydrogel and the effect of monotherapy as well as combined therapy were detailed by a complete characterization. Our results suggest that these mussel inspired nanocomposite with excellent heating property and controllable multidrug release can be considered as a potential material for cancer therapy.

Assessment of Chemical Solution Synthesis and Properties of Gd2Zr2O7 Thin Films as Buffer Layers for Second-Generation High-Temperature Superconductor Wires (Postprint)

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-02-01

AC05-00OR22725. REFERENCES 1. D.P. Norton, A. Goyal, J.D. Budai, D.K. Christen, D.M. Kroeger, E.D. Specht , Q. He, B. Saffian, M. Paranthaman, C.E...critical current density. Science 274, 755 (1996). 2. A. Goyal, D.P. Norton, J.D. Budai, M. Paranthaman, E.D. Specht , D.M. Kroeger, D.K. Christen, Q...D.K. Christen, M. Paranthaman, E.D. Specht , J.D. Budai, Q. He, B. Saffian, F.A. List, D.F. Lee, E. Hatfield, P.M. Martin, C.E. Klabunde, J. Mathis

Comparison between Ki67 labeling index determined using image analysis software with virtual slide system and that determined visually in breast cancer.

PubMed

Maeda, Ichiro; Abe, Kayoko; Koizumi, Hirotaka; Nakajima, Chika; Tajima, Shinya; Aoki, Hiromi; Tsuchiya, Junichi; Tsuchiya, Seiko; Tsuchiya, Kyoko; Shimo, Arata; Tsugawa, Koichiro; Ueno, Takahiko; Tatsunami, Shinobu; Takagi, Masayuki

2016-09-01

In recent papers, Ki67 labeling index (LI) has been used to classify breast cancer patients into the low and high Ki67LI groups for comparison studies, which showed significant differences in many prognostic factors. It has not been clarified whether image analysis software can be used for calculating LI in breast cancer. In our study, we examined whether Ki67LI in breast cancer calculated using image analysis software correlates with that measured on the basis of visual. Fifty patients were randomly selected among breast cancer patients who underwent surgical operation from March, 2010 to May, 2010 in our hospital without preoperative chemotherapy. In this study, for the virtual slide system (VSS: VS120-L100, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan), the high-resolution VSs of all the 50 patients were prepared as samples. The image analysis software use for calculating LI was Tissuemorph Digital Pathology (Tissuemorph DP: Visiopharm, Hoersholm, Denmark). The calculated LI was extracted from 3 to 5 views containing hot spots. The LI calculated using Tissuemorph DP was designed as LI/image/T. The digital image of 3 to 5 LI/image/T views was printed out, and on the digital photograph, we counted visually the number of Ki67-immunopositive cells in exactly the same area, and the percentage of Ki67-immunopositive cells was designed as LI/direct. Moreover, a pathologist's assistant (PA) determined the tumor area in the same specimen using VSS and calculated LI using Tissuemorph DP, which was designed as LI/image/PA. The chief pathologist (CP) similarly calculated LI which was designed as LI/image/CP. We evaluated the degree of agreement between different data sets "LI/image/T and LI/direct" and "LI/image/T, LI/image/CP, and LI/image/PA" by using interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The average counts of cells were as follows: LI/direct, 3209.7 ± 1970.4 (SD); LI/image/T, 2601.6 ± 1697.1; LI/image/PA, 2886.5 ± 2027.5; LI/image/CP, 18805.5 ± 22293.4. The values of LI/direct and LI/image/T showed almost perfect agreement as showed by an ICC of 0.885 (95 % CI, 0.806-0.933; p < 0.001). The agreement among three investigators was almost perfect. The obtained ICC was 0.825 (95 % CI, 0.739-0.890; p < 0.001) among the data of LI/image/T, LI/image/CP and LI/image/PA. There were five cases that immunopositivity for Ki67 showed a more than 10 % disagreement between LI/direct and LI/image/T. The merits of calculating Ki67 LI using Tissuemorph DP are as follows. First, the staining intensity of the cells to be counted can be adjusted. Second, the portion of a tumor including "hot spots" for counting can be chosen. Third, many cancer cells can be counted more rapidly using Tissuemorph DP than by visual observation. However, it is important that pathologist should check and carry out the final decision of the data, when Ki67 LI using Tissuemorph DP is calculated.

Hemodynamic responses of unfit healthy women at a training session with nintendo wii: a possible impact on the general well-being.

PubMed

Monteiro-Junior, Renato S; Figueiredo, Luiz F; Conceição, Isabel; Carvalho, Carolina; Lattari, Eduardo; Mura, Gioia; Machado, Sérgio; da Silva, Elirez B

2014-01-01

The purpose of this study was assess the effect of a training session with Nintendo Wii® on the hemodynamic responses of healthy women not involved in regular physical exercise. Twenty-five healthy unfit women aged 28 ± 6 years played for 10 minutes the game Free Run (Wii Fit Plus). The resting heart rate (RHR), systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP), and double (rate-pressure) product (DP) were measured before and after activity. The HR during the activity (exercise heart rate, EHR) was measured every minute. A statistically significant difference was observed between the RHR (75 ± 9 bpm) and the mean EHR (176 ± 15 bpm) (P < 0.001). The EHR remained in the target zone for aerobic exercise until the fifth minute of activity, which coincided with the upper limit of the aerobic zone (80% heart rate reserve (HRR) + RHR) from the sixth to tenth minute. The initial (110 ± 8 mmHg) and final (145 ± 17 mmHg) SBP (P < 0.01) were significantly different, as were the initial (71 ± 8 mmHg) and final (79 ± 9 mmHg) DBP (P < 0.01). A statistically significant difference was observed between the pre- (8.233 ± 1.141 bpm-mmHg) and post-activity (25.590 ± 4.117 bpm-mmHg) DP (P < 0.01). Physical exercise while playing Free Run sufficed to trigger acute hemodynamic changes in healthy women who were not engaged in regular physical exercise.

Hemodynamic Responses of Unfit Healthy Women at a Training Session with Nintendo Wii: A Possible Impact on the General Well-Being

PubMed Central

Monteiro-Junior, Renato S; Figueiredo, Luiz F; Conceição, Isabel; Carvalho, Carolina; Lattari, Eduardo; Mura, Gioia; Machado, Sérgio; da Silva, Elirez B

2014-01-01

Aims: The purpose of this study was assess the effect of a training session with Nintendo Wii® on the hemodynamic responses of healthy women not involved in regular physical exercise. Method: Twenty-five healthy unfit women aged 28 ± 6 years played for 10 minutes the game Free Run (Wii Fit Plus). The resting heart rate (RHR), systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP), and double (rate-pressure) product (DP) were measured before and after activity. The HR during the activity (exercise heart rate, EHR) was measured every minute. Results: A statistically significant difference was observed between the RHR (75 ± 9 bpm) and the mean EHR (176 ± 15 bpm) (P < 0.001). The EHR remained in the target zone for aerobic exercise until the fifth minute of activity, which coincided with the upper limit of the aerobic zone (80% heart rate reserve (HRR) + RHR) from the sixth to tenth minute. The initial (110 ± 8 mmHg) and final (145 ± 17 mmHg) SBP (P < 0.01) were significantly different, as were the initial (71 ± 8 mmHg) and final (79 ± 9 mmHg) DBP (P < 0.01). A statistically significant difference was observed between the pre- (8.233 ± 1.141 bpm-mmHg) and post-activity (25.590 ± 4.117 bpm-mmHg) DP (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Physical exercise while playing Free Run sufficed to trigger acute hemodynamic changes in healthy women who were not engaged in regular physical exercise. PMID:25614754

Transcription factors YY1, Sp1 and Sp3 modulate dystrophin Dp71 gene expression in hepatic cells.

PubMed

Peñuelas-Urquides, Katia; Becerril-Esquivel, Carolina; Mendoza-de-León, Laura C; Silva-Ramírez, Beatriz; Dávila-Velderrain, José; Cisneros, Bulmaro; de León, Mario Bermúdez

2016-07-01

Dystrophin Dp71, the smallest product encoded by the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene, is ubiquitously expressed in all non-muscle cells. Although Dp71 is involved in various cellular processes, the mechanisms underlying its expression have been little studied. In hepatic cells, Dp71 expression is down-regulated by the xenobiotic β-naphthoflavone. However, the effectors of this regulation remain unknown. In the present study we aimed at identifying DNA elements and transcription factors involved in Dp71 expression in hepatic cells. Relevant DNA elements on the Dp71 promoter were identified by comparing Dp71 5'-end flanking regions between species. The functionality of these elements was demonstrated by site-directed mutagenesis. Using EMSAs and ChIP, we showed that the Sp1 (specificity protein 1), Sp3 (specificity protein 3) and YY1 (Yin and Yang 1) transcription factors bind to the Dp71 promoter region. Knockdown of Sp1, Sp3 and YY1 in hepatic cells increased endogenous Dp71 expression, but reduced Dp71 promoter activity. In summary, Dp71 expression in hepatic cells is carried out, in part, by YY1-, Sp1- and Sp3-mediated transcription from the Dp71 promoter. © 2016 The Author(s). published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society.

Emtricitabine-tenofovir concentrations and pre-exposure prophylaxis efficacy in men who have sex with men.

PubMed

Anderson, Peter L; Glidden, David V; Liu, Albert; Buchbinder, Susan; Lama, Javier R; Guanira, Juan Vicente; McMahan, Vanessa; Bushman, Lane R; Casapía, Martín; Montoya-Herrera, Orlando; Veloso, Valdilea G; Mayer, Kenneth H; Chariyalertsak, Suwat; Schechter, Mauro; Bekker, Linda-Gail; Kallás, Esper Georges; Grant, Robert M

2012-09-12

Drug concentrations associated with protection from HIV-1 acquisition have not been determined. We evaluated drug concentrations among men who have sex with men in a substudy of the iPrEx trial (1). In this randomized placebo-controlled trial, daily oral doses of emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate were used as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in men who have sex with men. Drug was detected less frequently in blood plasma and in viable cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in HIV-infected cases at the visit when HIV was first discovered compared with controls at the matched time point of the study (8% versus 44%; P < 0.001) and in the 90 days before that visit (11% versus 51%; P < 0.001). An intracellular concentration of the active form of tenofovir, tenofovir-diphosphate (TFV-DP), of 16 fmol per million PBMCs was associated with a 90% reduction in HIV acquisition relative to the placebo arm. Directly observed dosing in a separate study, the STRAND trial, yielded TFV-DP concentrations that, when analyzed according to the iPrEx model, corresponded to an HIV-1 risk reduction of 76% for two doses per week, 96% for four doses per week, and 99% for seven doses per week. Prophylactic benefits were observed over a range of doses and drug concentrations, suggesting ways to optimize PrEP regimens for this population.

Contrast sensitivity function in stereoscopic viewing of Gabor patches on a medical polarized three-dimensional stereoscopic display

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rousson, Johanna; Haar, Jérémy; Santal, Sarah; Kumcu, Asli; Platiša, Ljiljana; Piepers, Bastian; Kimpe, Tom; Philips, Wilfried

2016-03-01

While three-dimensional (3-D) imaging systems are entering hospitals, no study to date has explored the luminance calibration needs of 3-D stereoscopic diagnostic displays and if they differ from two-dimensional (2-D) displays. Since medical display calibration incorporates the human contrast sensitivity function (CSF), we first assessed the 2-D CSF for benchmarking and then examined the impact of two image parameters on the 3-D stereoscopic CSF: (1) five depth plane (DP) positions (between DP: -171 and DP: 2853 mm), and (2) three 3-D inclinations (0 deg, 45 deg, and 60 deg around the horizontal axis of a DP). Stimuli were stereoscopic images of a vertically oriented 2-D Gabor patch at one of seven frequencies ranging from 0.4 to 10 cycles/deg. CSFs were measured for seven to nine human observers with a staircase procedure. The results indicate that the 2-D CSF model remains valid for a 3-D stereoscopic display regardless of the amount of disparity between the stereo images. We also found that the 3-D CSF at DP≠0 does not differ from the 3-D CSF at DP=0 for DPs and disparities which allow effortless binocular fusion. Therefore, the existing 2-D medical luminance calibration algorithm remains an appropriate tool for calibrating polarized stereoscopic medical displays.

Utility of Readout-Segmented Echo-Planar Imaging-Based Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging for Differentiating Malignant from Benign Masses in Head and Neck Region.

PubMed

Ma, Gao; Xu, Xiao-Quan; Hu, Hao; Su, Guo-Yi; Shen, Jie; Shi, Hai-Bin; Wu, Fei-Yun

2018-01-01

To compare the diagnostic performance of readout-segmented echo-planar imaging (RS-EPI)-based diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and that of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for differentiating malignant from benign masses in head and neck region. Between December 2014 and April 2016, we retrospectively enrolled 72 consecutive patients with head and neck masses who had undergone RS-EPI-based DKI scan (b value of 0, 500, 1000, and 1500 s/mm 2 ) for pretreatment evaluation. Imaging data were post-processed by using monoexponential and diffusion kurtosis (DK) model for quantitation of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), apparent diffusion for Gaussian distribution (D app ), and apparent kurtosis coefficient (K app ). Unpaired t test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare differences of quantitative parameters between malignant and benign groups. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were performed to determine and compare the diagnostic ability of quantitative parameters in predicting malignancy. Malignant group demonstrated significantly lower ADC (0.754 ± 0.167 vs. 1.222 ± 0.420, p < 0.001) and D app (1.029 ± 0.226 vs. 1.640 ± 0.445, p < 0.001) while higher K app (1.344 ± 0.309 vs. 0.715 ± 0.249, p < 0.001) than benign group. Using a combination of D app and K app as diagnostic index, significantly better differentiating performance was achieved than using ADC alone (area under curve: 0.956 vs. 0.876, p = 0.042). Compared to DWI, DKI could provide additional data related to tumor heterogeneity with significantly better differentiating performance. Its derived quantitative metrics could serve as a promising imaging biomarker for differentiating malignant from benign masses in head and neck region.

Facilitating surgeon understanding of complex anatomy using a three-dimensional printed model.

PubMed

Cromeens, Barrett P; Ray, William C; Hoehne, Brad; Abayneh, Fikir; Adler, Brent; Besner, Gail E

2017-08-01

3-dimensional prints (3DP) anecdotally facilitate surgeon understanding of anatomy and decision-making. However, the actual benefit to surgeons or patients has not been quantified. This study investigates how surgeon understanding of complex anatomy is altered by a 3DP compared to computed tomography (CT) scan or CT + digital reconstruction (CT + DR). Key anatomic features were segmented from a CT-abdomen/pelvis of pygopagus twins to build a DR and printed in color on a 3D printer. Pediatric surgery trainees and attendings (n = 21) were tested regarding anatomy identification and their understanding of point-to-point distances, scale, and shape. There was no difference between media regarding point-to-point distances. The 3DP led to an increased number of correct answers for questions of scale and shape compared to CT (P < 0.05). CT + DR performance was intermediate but not statistically different from 3DP or CT. Identification of anatomy was inconsistent between media; however, answers were significantly closer to correct when using the 3DP. Participants completed the test faster with the 3DP (6.6 ± 0.5 min) (P < 0.05) than with CT (18.9 ± 2.5 min) or CT + 3DR (14.9 ± 1.5 min). Although point-to-point measurements were not different, 3DP increased the understanding of shape, scale, and anatomy. It enabled understanding significantly faster than other media. In difficult surgical cases with complex anatomy and a need for efficient multidisciplinary coordination, 3D printed models should be considered for surgical planning. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Molecular Classification of Low-Grade Diffuse Gliomas

PubMed Central

Kim, Young-Ho; Nobusawa, Sumihito; Mittelbronn, Michel; Paulus, Werner; Brokinkel, Benjamin; Keyvani, Kathy; Sure, Ulrich; Wrede, Karsten; Nakazato, Yoichi; Tanaka, Yuko; Vital, Anne; Mariani, Luigi; Stawski, Robert; Watanabe, Takuya; De Girolami, Umberto; Kleihues, Paul; Ohgaki, Hiroko

2010-01-01

The current World Health Organization classification recognizes three histological types of grade II low-grade diffuse glioma (diffuse astrocytoma, oligoastrocytoma, and oligodendroglioma). However, the diagnostic criteria, in particular for oligoastrocytoma, are highly subjective. The aim of our study was to establish genetic profiles for diffuse gliomas and to estimate their predictive impact. In this study, we screened 360 World Health Organization grade II gliomas for mutations in the IDH1, IDH2, and TP53 genes and for 1p/19q loss and correlated these with clinical outcome. Most tumors (86%) were characterized genetically by TP53 mutation plus IDH1/2 mutation (32%), 1p/19q loss plus IDH1/2 mutation (37%), or IDH1/2 mutation only (17%). TP53 mutations only or 1p/19q loss only was rare (2 and 3%, respectively). The median survival of patients with TP53 mutation ± IDH1/2 mutation was significantly shorter than that of patients with 1p/19q loss ± IDH1/2 mutation (51.8 months vs. 58.7 months, respectively; P = 0.0037). Multivariate analysis with adjustment for age and treatment confirmed these results (P = 0.0087) and also revealed that TP53 mutation is a significant prognostic marker for shorter survival (P = 0.0005) and 1p/19q loss for longer survival (P = 0.0002), while IDH1/2 mutations are not prognostic (P = 0.8737). The molecular classification on the basis of IDH1/2 mutation, TP53 mutation, and 1p/19q loss has power similar to histological classification and avoids the ambiguity inherent to the diagnosis of oligoastrocytoma. PMID:21075857

Differences in Physical Fitness and Cardiovascular Function Depend on BMI in Korean Men.

PubMed

So, Wi-Young; Choi, Dai-Hyuk

2010-01-01

We investigated the associations between cardiovascular function and both body mass index and physical fitness in Korean men. The subjects were 2,013 men, aged 20 to 83 years, who visited a health promotion center for a comprehensive medical and fitness test during 2006-2009. The WHO's Asia-Pacific Standard Report definition of BMI was used in this study. Fitness assessment of cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, power, agility, and balance were evaluated by VO2max (ml/kg/min), grip strength (kg), sit-ups (reps/min), sit and reach (cm), vertical jump (cm), side steps (reps/30s), and standing on one leg with eyes closed (sec), respectively. For cardiovascular function, we evaluated systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), resting heart rate (RHR), double product (DP), and vital capacity. There were significant decreases in cardiorespiratory endurance (p < 0.001), power (p < 0.001), and balance (p < 0.001), and increases in muscular strength (p < 0.001). Further, cardiovascular function, including SBP (p < 0.001), DBP (p < 0.001), double product (p < 0.001), and vital capacity (p=0.006) appeared to be lower for the obesity group. We conclude that an obese person exhibits lower fitness level and weaker cardiovascular function than a normal person. Key pointsThe obese group had a lower fitness level, including cardiorespiratory endurance, power, and balance.Obese group demonstrated an increase in muscular strength.Obese group had higher blood pressure and weaker cardiovascular function, including DP and vital capacity, than the normal group.

Differences in Physical Fitness and Cardiovascular Function Depend on BMI in Korean Men

PubMed Central

So, Wi-Young; Choi, Dai-Hyuk

2010-01-01

We investigated the associations between cardiovascular function and both body mass index and physical fitness in Korean men. The subjects were 2,013 men, aged 20 to 83 years, who visited a health promotion center for a comprehensive medical and fitness test during 2006-2009. The WHO's Asia-Pacific Standard Report definition of BMI was used in this study. Fitness assessment of cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, power, agility, and balance were evaluated by VO2max (ml/kg/min), grip strength (kg), sit-ups (reps/min), sit and reach (cm), vertical jump (cm), side steps (reps/30s), and standing on one leg with eyes closed (sec), respectively. For cardiovascular function, we evaluated systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), resting heart rate (RHR), double product (DP), and vital capacity. There were significant decreases in cardiorespiratory endurance (p < 0.001), power (p < 0.001), and balance (p < 0.001), and increases in muscular strength (p < 0.001). Further, cardiovascular function, including SBP (p < 0.001), DBP (p < 0.001), double product (p < 0.001), and vital capacity (p=0.006) appeared to be lower for the obesity group. We conclude that an obese person exhibits lower fitness level and weaker cardiovascular function than a normal person. Key points The obese group had a lower fitness level, including cardiorespiratory endurance, power, and balance. Obese group demonstrated an increase in muscular strength. Obese group had higher blood pressure and weaker cardiovascular function, including DP and vital capacity, than the normal group. PMID:24149691

Phytase modulates ileal microbiota and enhances growth performance of the broiler chickens.

PubMed

Ptak, Anna; Bedford, Michael R; Świątkiewicz, Sylwester; Żyła, Krzysztof; Józefiak, Damian

2015-01-01

Phytase is well studied and explored, however, little is known about its effects on the microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract. In total, 400 one-day-old female Ross 308 chicks were randomly distributed to four experimental groups. The dietary treatments were arranged as a 2 × 2 complete factorial design, with the factors being adequate (PC) or insufficient calcium (Ca) and digestible phosphor (dP)(NC) and with or without 5000 phytase units (FTU)/kg of Escherichia coli 6-phytase. The gastrointestinal tract pH values, ileal microbial communities and short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the digesta were determined. The reduction in Ca and dP concentration significantly affected pH in the crop and caeca, and addition of phytase to the NC resulted in a pH increase in the ileum. The reduction in Ca and dP concentration significantly lowered, while phytase supplementation increased ileal total bacterial counts. Additionally, the deficient diet reduced butyrate- but increased lactate-producing bacteria. The addition of phytase increased Lactobacillus sp./Enterococcus sp. whereas in case of Clostridium leptum subgroup, Clostridium coccoides-Eubacterium rectale cluster, Bifidobacterium sp. and Streptococcus/Lactococcus counts, a significant Ca and dP level x phytase interaction was found. However, the recorded interactions indicated that the effects of phytase and Ca and dP levels were not consistent. Furthermore, the reduction of Ca and dP level lowered Clostridium perfringens and Enterobacteriaceae counts. The analysis of fermentation products showed that reducing the Ca and dP content in the diet reduced total SCFA, DL-lactate, and acetic acid in the ileum whereas phytase increased concentrations of these acids in the NC group. This suggests that P is a factor which limits fermentation in the ileum. It may be concluded that phytase plays a role in modulating the gut microbiota of chicken, however, this is clearly linked with the levels of P and Ca in a diet.

Phytase Modulates Ileal Microbiota and Enhances Growth Performance of the Broiler Chickens

PubMed Central

Ptak, Anna; Bedford, Michael R.; Świątkiewicz, Sylwester; Żyła, Krzysztof; Józefiak, Damian

2015-01-01

Phytase is well studied and explored, however, little is known about its effects on the microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract. In total, 400 one-day-old female Ross 308 chicks were randomly distributed to four experimental groups. The dietary treatments were arranged as a 2 × 2 complete factorial design, with the factors being adequate (PC) or insufficient calcium (Ca) and digestible phosphor (dP)(NC) and with or without 5000 phytase units (FTU)/kg of Escherichia coli 6-phytase. The gastrointestinal tract pH values, ileal microbial communities and short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the digesta were determined. The reduction in Ca and dP concentration significantly affected pH in the crop and caeca, and addition of phytase to the NC resulted in a pH increase in the ileum. The reduction in Ca and dP concentration significantly lowered, while phytase supplementation increased ileal total bacterial counts. Additionally, the deficient diet reduced butyrate- but increased lactate-producing bacteria. The addition of phytase increased Lactobacillus sp./Enterococcus sp. whereas in case of Clostridium leptum subgroup, Clostridium coccoides - Eubacterium rectale cluster, Bifidobacterium sp. and Streptococcus/Lactococcus counts, a significant Ca and dP level x phytase interaction was found. However, the recorded interactions indicated that the effects of phytase and Ca and dP levels were not consistent. Furthermore, the reduction of Ca and dP level lowered Clostridium perfringens and Enterobacteriaceae counts. The analysis of fermentation products showed that reducing the Ca and dP content in the diet reduced total SCFA, DL-lactate, and acetic acid in the ileum whereas phytase increased concentrations of these acids in the NC group. This suggests that P is a factor which limits fermentation in the ileum. It may be concluded that phytase plays a role in modulating the gut microbiota of chicken, however, this is clearly linked with the levels of P and Ca in a diet. PMID:25781608

Breast Cancer: Diffusion Kurtosis MR Imaging-Diagnostic Accuracy and Correlation with Clinical-Pathologic Factors.

PubMed

Sun, Kun; Chen, Xiaosong; Chai, Weimin; Fei, Xiaochun; Fu, Caixia; Yan, Xu; Zhan, Ying; Chen, Kemin; Shen, Kunwei; Yan, Fuhua

2015-10-01

To assess diagnostic accuracy with diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in patients with breast lesions and to evaluate the potential association between DKI-derived parameters and breast cancer clinical-pathologic factors. Institutional review board approval and written informed consent were obtained. Data from 97 patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 45.7 years ± 13.1; range, 19-70 years) with 98 lesions (57 malignant and 41 benign) who were treated between January 2014 and April 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. DKI (with b values of 0-2800 sec/mm(2)) and conventional diffusion-weighted imaging data were acquired. Kurtosis and diffusion coefficients from DKI and apparent diffusion coefficients from diffusion-weighted imaging were measured by two radiologists. Student t test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Jonckheere-Terpstra test, receiver operating characteristic curves, and Spearman correlation were used for statistical analysis. Kurtosis coefficients were significantly higher in the malignant lesions than in the benign lesions (1.05 ± 0.22 vs 0.65 ± 0.11, respectively; P < .0001). Diffusivity and apparent diffusion coefficients in the malignant lesions were significantly lower than those in the benign lesions (1.13 ± 0.27 vs 1.97 ± 0.33 and 1.02 ± 0.18 vs 1.48 ± 0.33, respectively; P < .0001). Significantly higher specificity for differentiation of malignant from benign lesions was shown with the use of kurtosis and diffusivity coefficients than with the use of apparent diffusion coefficients (83% [34 of 41] and 83% [34 of 41] vs 76% [31 of 41], respectively; P < .0001) with equal sensitivity (95% [54 of 57]). In patients with invasive breast cancer, kurtosis was positively correlated with tumor histologic grade (r = 0.75) and expression of the Ki-67 protein (r = 0.55). Diffusivity was negatively correlated with tumor histologic grades (r = -0.44) and Ki-67 expression (r = -0.46). DKI showed higher specificity than did conventional diffusion-weighted imaging for assessment of benign and malignant breast lesions. Patients with grade 3 breast cancer or tumors with high expression of Ki-67 were associated with higher kurtosis and lower diffusivity coefficients; however, this association must be confirmed in prospective studies. (©) RSNA, 2015 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

Reward and affective regulation in depression-prone smokers.

PubMed

Audrain-McGovern, Janet; Wileyto, E Paul; Ashare, Rebecca; Cuevas, Jocelyn; Strasser, Andrew A

2014-11-01

There is a disproportionately high smoking prevalence among individuals who are prone to depression. While depression has been conceptualized as a disorder of dysregulated positive affect and disrupted reward processing, little research has been conducted to determine the role of smoking in these processes among depression-prone smokers. Depression-prone smokers (DP+; n = 34) and smokers not depression-prone (DP-; n = 49) underwent two laboratory sessions, one while smoking abstinent and one while smoking ad libitum, to assess the relative reinforcing value of smoking and reward sensitivity. Using experience sampling methods, participants completed self-report measures of subjective reward, positive affect, and negative affect across 3 days while smoking as usual and 3 days while smoking abstinent. DP+ were two times more likely to work for cigarette puffs versus money in a progressive ratio, choice task (odds ratio 2.05; 95% confidence interval 1.04 to 4.06, p = .039) compared with DP-. Reward sensitivity as measured by the signal detection task did not yield any significant findings. Mixed models regressions revealed a three-way interaction (depression group, smoking phase, and time) for subjective reward, negative affect, and positive affect. For all three of these outcomes, the slopes for DP- and DP+ differed significantly from each other (ps < .05) and the effect of smoking (versus abstinence) over time was greater for DP+ than DP- smokers (ps < .05). These findings indicate that the effects of smoking on reward and positive affect regulation are specific to DP+ smokers and highlight novel targets for smoking cessation treatment in this population. Copyright © 2014 Society of Biological Psychiatry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

CCR6(+) Th cell populations distinguish ACPA positive from ACPA negative rheumatoid arthritis.

PubMed

Paulissen, Sandra M J; van Hamburg, Jan Piet; Davelaar, Nadine; Vroman, Heleen; Hazes, Johanna M W; de Jong, Pascal H P; Lubberts, Erik

2015-11-30

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can be separated into two major subpopulations based on the absence or presence of serum anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs). The more severe disease course in ACPA(+) RA and differences in treatment outcome between these subpopulations suggest that ACPA(+) and ACPA(-) RA are different disease subsets. The identification of T-helper (Th) cells specifically recognizing citrullinated peptides, combined with the strong association between HLA-DRB1 and ACPA positivity, point toward a pathogenic role of Th cells in ACPA(+) RA. In this context we recently identified a potential pathogenic role for CCR6(+) Th cells in RA. Therefore, we examined whether Th cell population distributions differ by ACPA status. We performed a nested matched case-control study including 27 ACPA(+) and 27 ACPA(-) treatment-naive early RA patients matched for disease activity score in 44 joints, presence of rheumatoid factor, sex, age, duration of complaints and presence of erosions. CD4(+)CD45RO(+) (memory) Th cell distribution profiles from these patients were generated based on differential chemokine receptor expression and related with disease duration. ACPA status was not related to differences in total CD4(+) T cell or memory Th cell proportions. However, ACPA(+) patients had significantly higher proportions of Th cells expressing the chemokine receptors CCR6 and CXCR3. Similar proportions of CCR4(+) and CCR10(+) Th cells were found. Within the CCR6(+) cell population, four Th subpopulations were distinguished based on differential chemokine receptor expression: Th17 (CCR4(+)CCR10(-)), Th17.1 (CXCR3(+)), Th22 (CCR4(+)CCR10(+)) and CCR4/CXCR3 double-positive (DP) cells. In particular, higher proportions of Th22 (p = 0.02), Th17.1 (p = 0.03) and CCR4/CXCR3 DP (p = 0.01) cells were present in ACPA(+) patients. In contrast, ACPA status was not associated with differences in Th1 (CCR6(-)CXCR3(+); p = 0.90), Th2 (CCR6(-)CCR4(+); p = 0.27) and T-regulatory (CD25(hi)FOXP3(+); p = 0.06) cell proportions. Interestingly, CCR6(+) Th cells were inversely correlated with disease duration in ACPA(-) patients (R(2) = -0.35; p < 0.01) but not in ACPA(+) (R(2) < 0.01; p = 0.94) patients. These findings demonstrate that increased peripheral blood CCR6(+) Th cells proportions distinguish ACPA(+) RA from ACPA(-) RA. This suggests that CCR6(+) Th cells are involved in the differences in disease severity and treatment outcome between ACPA(+) and ACPA(-) RA.

Dipyrone in association with atropine inhibits the effect on gastric emptying induced by hypoglycemia in rats

PubMed Central

Collares, E.F.; Vinagre, A.M.; Collares-Buzato, C.B.

2017-01-01

Atropine (AT) and dipyrone (Dp) induce a delay of gastric emptying (GE) of liquids in rats by inhibiting muscarinic receptors and activating β2-adrenergic receptors, respectively. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of pretreatment with AT and Dp, given alone or in combination, on the effect of hypoglycemia in the liquid GE in rats. Male Wistar adult rats (280-310 g) were pretreated intravenously with AT, Dp, AT plus Dp or their vehicle and then treated 30 min later with iv insulin or its vehicle (n=8-10 animals/group). Thirty min after treatment, GE was evaluated by determining, in awake rats, the percent gastric retention (%GR) of a saline meal labeled with phenol red administered by gavage. The results indicated that insulin induced hypoglycemia in a dose-dependent manner resulting in a significant reduction in %GR of liquid only at the highest dose tested (1 U/kg). Pretreatment with AT significantly increased %GR in the rats treated with 1 U/kg insulin. Surprisingly, after pretreatment with AT, the group treated with the lowest dose of insulin (0.25 U/kg) displayed significantly lower %GR compared to its control (vehicle-treated group), which was not seen in the non-pretreated animals. Pretreatment with Dp alone at the dose of 40 mg/kg induced an increase in %GR in both vehicle and 0.25 U/kg-treated rats. A higher dose of Dp alone (80 mg/kg) significantly reduced the effect of a marked hypoglycemia induced by 1 U/kg of insulin on GE while in combination with AT the effect was completely abolished. The results with AT suggest that moderate hypoglycemia may render the inhibitory mechanisms of GE ineffective while Dp alone and in combination with AT significantly overcame the effect of hypoglycemia on GE. PMID:28876363

Validity of energy intake estimated by digital photography + recall in overweight and obese young adults

PubMed Central

Ptomey, Lauren T.; Willis, Erik A.; Honas, Jeffery J.; Mayo, Matthew S.; Washburn, Richard A.; Herrmann, Stephen D.; Sullivan, Debra K.; Donnelly, Joseph E.

2015-01-01

Background Recent reports have questioned the adequacy of self-report measures of dietary intake as the basis for scientific conclusions regarding the associations of dietary intake and health, and reports have recommended the development and evaluation of better methods for the assessment of dietary intake in free-living individuals. We developed a procedure that utilized pre- and post-meal digital photographs in combination with dietary recalls (DP+R) to assess energy intake during ad libitum eating in a cafeteria setting. Objective To compare mean daily energy intake of overweight and obese young adults assessed by a DP+R method with mean total daily energy expenditure assessed by doubly labelled water (TDEEDLW). Methods Energy intake was assessed using the DP+R method in 91 overweight and obese young adults (age = 22.9±3.2 yrs., BMI=31.2 ± 5.6 kg·m2, female = 49%) over 7-days of ad libitum eating in a University cafeteria. Foods consumed outside the cafeteria (i.e., snacks, non-cafeteria meals) were assessed using multiple-pass recall procedures using food models and standardized, neutral probing questions. TDEEDLW was assessed in all participants over the 14-day period. Results The mean energy intakes estimated by DP+R and TDEEDLW were not significantly different (DP+R = 2912 ± 661 kcal/d; TDEEDLW = 2849 ± 748 kcal/d, p = 0.42). The DP+R method overestimated TDEEDLW by 63 ± 750 kcal/d (6.8 ± 28%). Conclusion Results suggest that the DP+R method provides estimates of energy intake comparable to those obtained by TDEEDLW. PMID:26122282

Comparison of ICG-assisted ILM peeling and triamcinolone-assisted posterior vitreous removal in diffuse diabetic macular oedema.

PubMed

Bardak, Y; Cekiç, O; Tiğ, S U

2006-12-01

To compare the effect of indocyanine green (ICG)-assisted internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and triamcinolone acetonide-assisted posterior vitreous removal on visual acuity in patients with diffuse diabetic macular oedema (DMO). In total, 24 patients with diffuse DMO who underwent pars plana vitrectomy were included in this study. In all, 11 patients (mean age 57 years) were performed ICG-assisted ILM peeling; while 13 patients (mean age 54 years) underwent triamcinolone-assisted posterior vitreous removal. Patients from two different treatment regimens were compared in terms of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at postoperative sixth months. In ICG-assisted ILM peeling group, preoperative BCVA (1.3+/-0.4, mean+/-SD, logMAR) improved postoperatively to 0.9+/-0.5 (P=0.011). In eyes underwent triamcinolone-assisted posterior vitreous removal, baseline BCVA of 1.4+/-0.4 improved to 1.0+/-0.5 (P=0.007). There was no difference between baseline as well as postoperative sixth-month BCVA results of both groups (P=0.59 and P=0.57, respectively). Triamcinolone-assisted posterior vitreous removal and ICG-assisted ILM peeling have the same effect in terms of postoperative BCVA in patients with diffuse DMO.

Joint Association of Low Vitamin D and Vitamin K Status With Blood Pressure and Hypertension.

PubMed

van Ballegooijen, Adriana J; Cepelis, Aivaras; Visser, Marjolein; Brouwer, Ingeborg A; van Schoor, Natasja M; Beulens, Joline W

2017-06-01

Low vitamin D and K status are both associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. New evidence from experimental studies on bone health suggest an interaction between vitamin D and K; however, a joint association with vascular health outcomes is largely unknown. To prospectively investigate whether the combination of low vitamin D and K status is associated with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure in 402 participants and with incident hypertension in 231 participants free of hypertension at baseline. We used data from a subsample of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam, a population-based cohort of Dutch participants aged 55 to 65 years. Vitamin D and K status were assessed by 25-hydroxyvitamin D and dp-ucMGP (dephosphorylated uncarboxylated matrix gla protein) concentrations (high dp-ucMGP is indicative for low vitamin K status) in stored samples from 2002 to 2003. Vitamin D and K status were categorized into 25-hydroxyvitamin D <50/≥50 mmol/L and median dp-ucMGP <323/≥323 pmol/L. During a median follow-up of 6.4 years, 62% of the participants (n=143) developed hypertension. The combination of low vitamin D and K status was associated with increased systolic 4.8 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, 0.1-9.5) and diastolic 3.1 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, 0.5-5.7) blood pressure compared with high vitamin D and K status ( P for interaction =0.013 for systolic blood pressure and 0.068 for diastolic blood pressure). A similar trend was seen for incident hypertension: hazard ratio=1.62 (95% confidence interval, 0.96-2.73) for the low vitamin D and K group. The combination of low vitamin D and K status was associated with increased blood pressure and a trend for greater hypertension risk. © 2017 American Heart Association, Inc.

Musculoskeletal impairments in the Norwegian working population: the prognostic role of diagnoses and socioeconomic status: a prospective study of sickness absence and transition to disability pension.

PubMed

Gjesdal, Sturla; Bratberg, Espen; Maeland, John Gunnar

2009-06-15

Population-based, 5-year prospective cohort study. To assess the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in sickness absence longer than 8 weeks in Norway, and to identify diagnostic and socioeconomic predictors of the transition to disability pension (DP). MSDs are prevalent and of major concern for sickness absence. Previous epidemiological studies are largely cross-sectional and based on self-reports, often with low response rates, selection, and reporting bias. Prospective studies with physician-verified diagnoses might be a better approach. Thirty-seven thousand nine hundred forty-two females and 26,307 males with an episode of sickness absence >8 weeks in 1997, certified with a MSD were followed up for 5 years. Diagnostic and sociodemographic data were obtained from a national database. Cases were divided into 9 diagnostic subgroups, based on the International Classification of Primary Health Care. Survival analysis was performed with granting of DP as the endpoint, in the full sample and for diagnostic subgroups. Over all 20% of cases obtained DP during follow-up. Among those aged 50 to 62 and among those with only basic education 46% obtained DP. DP rates were highest for osteoarthrosis (47%), rheumatoid arthritis (46%), and myalgia/fibromyalgia (38%). Fractures/injuries had the lowest rate. Controlled for age, education and income, relative risk of DP was 1.5 (95% CI: 1.4-1.6) for upper limb problems, 2.0 (95% CI: 1.8-2.1) for back problems, 2.8 (95% CI: 2.5-3.1) for osteoarthrosis, 3.3 (95% CI: 3.0-3.6) for myalgia/fibromyalgia, and 4.2 (95% CI: 3.9-4.7) for rheumatoid arthritis, compared to "fractures and injuries." Age, diagnoses, and socioeconomic variables were important predictors of an adverse outcome among workers with a sickness absence of 8 or more weeks. Further research is needed to determine whether differentiated follow-up strategies might prevent permanent disability.

Evaluation of field methods for vertical high resolution aquifer characterization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vienken, T.; Tinter, M.; Rogiers, B.; Leven, C.; Dietrich, P.

2012-12-01

The delineation and characterization of subsurface (hydro)-stratigraphic structures is one of the challenging tasks of hydrogeological site investigations. The knowledge about the spatial distribution of soil specific properties and hydraulic conductivity (K) is the prerequisite for understanding flow and fluid transport processes. This is especially true for heterogeneous unconsolidated sedimentary deposits with a complex sedimentary architecture. One commonly used approach to investigate and characterize sediment heterogeneity is soil sampling and lab analyses, e.g. grain size distribution. Tests conducted on 108 samples show that calculation of K based on grain size distribution is not suitable for high resolution aquifer characterization of highly heterogeneous sediments due to sampling effects and large differences of calculated K values between applied formulas (Vienken & Dietrich 2011). Therefore, extensive tests were conducted at two test sites under different geological conditions to evaluate the performance of innovative Direct Push (DP) based approaches for the vertical high resolution determination of K. Different DP based sensor probes for the in-situ subsurface characterization based on electrical, hydraulic, and textural soil properties were used to obtain high resolution vertical profiles. The applied DP based tools proved to be a suitable and efficient alternative to traditional approaches. Despite resolution differences, all of the applied methods captured the main aquifer structure. Correlation of the DP based K estimates and proxies with DP based slug tests show that it is possible to describe the aquifer hydraulic structure on less than a meter scale by combining DP slug test data and continuous DP measurements. Even though correlations are site specific and appropriate DP tools must be chosen, DP is reliable and efficient alternative for characterizing even strongly heterogeneous sites with complex structured sedimentary aquifers (Vienken et al. 2012). References: Vienken, T., Leven, C., and Dietrich, P. 2012. Use of CPT and other direct push methods for (hydro-) stratigraphic aquifer characterization — a field study. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 49(2): 197-206. Vienken, T., and Dietrich, P. 2011. Field evaluation of methods for determining hydraulic conductivity from grain size data. Journal of Hydrology, 400(1-2): 58-71.

Evaluation of radiation-induced peripheral nerve injury in rabbits with MR neurography using diffusion tensor imaging and T2 measurements: Correlation with histological and functional changes.

PubMed

Wan, Qi; Wang, Shiyang; Zhou, Jiaxuan; Zou, Qiao; Deng, Yingshi; Wang, Shouyang; Zheng, Xiaoying; Li, Xinchun

2016-06-01

To investigate the potential of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and T2 measurements in the evaluation of radiation-induced peripheral nerve injury (RIPNI). RIPNI was produced in a randomly selected side of sciatic nerve in each of 21 rabbits while the contralateral side served as the control. The limb function and MR parameters were evaluated over a 4-month period. Fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (λ∥ ), radial diffusivity (λ⊥ ) and T2 values were obtained using 3T MR for quantitative analysis. Two animals were randomly killed for histological evaluation at each timepoint. The T2 value of irradiated nerve increased at 1 day (63.95 ± 15.60, P = 0.012) and was restored at 1 month (52.34 ± 5.38, P = 0.105). It increased progressively at 2 to 4 months (60.39 ± 10.60, 66.96 ± 6.08, 75.51 ± 7.39, all P < 0.01). λ⊥ significantly increased at 1 day (0.82 ± 0.44, P = 0.046) and slightly decreased at 1 month (0.61 ± 0.17, P < 0.001). It increased gradually from 2 to 3 months (0.84 ± 0.29, 1.13 ± 0.33, both P < 0.001) followed by a decline at 4 months (0.83 ± 0.17, P < 0.001). FA was statistically lower than the contralateral sides at 1 to 4 months (0.72 ± 0.08, 0.60 ± 0.12, 0.51 ± 0.11, 0.62 ± 0.06, all P < 0.01). Changes in FA and λ⊥ correlated well with the functional and pathological changes in irradiated nerve. DTI may be a more sensitive and accurate method to evaluate RIPNI compared with T2 measurements. FA and λ⊥ are promising quantitative indices in monitoring RIPNI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1492-1499. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Dispersion of Vapor from LNG Spills -- Simulation in a Meteorological Wind Tunnel of Spills at China Lake Naval Weapons Center, California.

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-03-01

and Diffusion Laboratory Department of Civil Engineering, , / """..,--. Colorado State University DOT-CG-75279-A) )V Fnrt Cnl lin. Colorado 80523 ype...Film Aspirating Probe ......... .. 20 3.5.2 Errors in Concentration Measurement . . 21 4.0 TEST PROGRAM RESULTS ..... ............... .. 23 4.1...Coriolis Force Viscous Diffusivity Prandtl number Pr = v/(k/P C ViThrma Diffusivity0 0 p Thermal Diffusivity Eckert number Ec = /Cpo (AT)o 5 For exact

Double patterning from design enablement to verification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abercrombie, David; Lacour, Pat; El-Sewefy, Omar; Volkov, Alex; Levine, Evgueni; Arb, Kellen; Reid, Chris; Li, Qiao; Ghosh, Pradiptya

2011-11-01

Litho-etch-litho-etch (LELE) is the double patterning (DP) technology of choice for 20 nm contact, via, and lower metal layers. We discuss the unique design and process characteristics of LELE DP, the challenges they present, and various solutions. ∘ We examine DP design methodologies, current DP conflict feedback mechanisms, and how they can help designers identify and resolve conflicts. ∘ In place and route (P&R), the placement engine must now be aware of the assumptions made during IP cell design, and use placement directives provide by the library designer. We examine the new effects DP introduces in detail routing, discuss how multiple choices of LELE and the cut allowances can lead to different solutions, and describe new capabilities required by detail routers and P&R engines. ∘ We discuss why LELE DP cuts and overlaps are critical to optical process correction (OPC), and how a hybrid mechanism of rule and model-based overlap generation can provide a fast and effective solution. ∘ With two litho-etch steps, mask misalignment and image rounding are now verification considerations. We present enhancements to the OPCVerify engine that check for pinching and bridging in the presence of DP overlay errors and acute angles.

Select polyphenolic fractions from dried plum enhance osteoblast activity through BMP-2 signaling.

PubMed

Graef, Jennifer L; Rendina-Ruedy, Elizabeth; Crockett, Erica K; Ouyang, Ping; King, Jarrod B; Cichewicz, Robert H; Lucas, Edralin A; Smith, Brenda J

2018-05-01

Dried plum supplementation has been shown to enhance bone formation while suppressing bone resorption. Evidence from previous studies has demonstrated that these responses can be attributed in part to the fruit's polyphenolic compounds. The purpose of this study was to identify the most bioactive polyphenolic fractions of dried plum with a focus on their osteogenic activity and to investigate their mechanisms of action under normal and inflammatory conditions. Utilizing chromatographic techniques, six fractions of polyphenolic compounds were prepared from a crude extract of dried plum. Initial screening assays revealed that two fractions (DP-FrA and DP-FrB) had the greatest osteogenic potential. Subsequent experiments using primary bone-marrow-derived osteoblast cultures demonstrated these two fractions enhanced extracellular alkaline phosphatase (ALP), an indicator of osteoblast activity, and mineralized nodule formation under normal conditions. Both fractions enhanced bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling, as indicated by increased Bmp2 and Runx2 gene expression and protein levels of phosphorylated Smad1/5. DP-FrB was most effective at up-regulating Tak1 and Smad1, as well as protein levels of phospho-p38. Under inflammatory conditions, TNF-α suppressed ALP and tended to decrease nodule formation (P=.0674). This response coincided with suppressed gene expression of Bmp2 and the up-regulation of Smad6, an inhibitor of BMP signaling. DP-FrA and DP-FrB partially normalized these responses. Our results show that certain fractions of polyphenolic compounds in dried plum up-regulate osteoblast activity by enhancing BMP signaling, and when this pathway is inhibited by TNF-α, the osteogenic response is attenuated. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Failure of dihydroartemisinin plus piperaquine treatment of falciparum malaria by under-dosing in an overweight patient.

PubMed

Roseau, Jean Baptiste; Pradines, Bruno; Paleiron, Nicolas; Vedy, Serge; Madamet, Marylin; Simon, Fabrice; Javelle, Emilie

2016-09-20

Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) introduced in the mid-1990s has been recommended since 2005 by the World Health Organization as first-line treatment against Plasmodium falciparum in all endemic countries. In 2010, the combination dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) was recommended for the treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria. DP is one of the first-line treatments used by the French army since 2013. A case of P. falciparum clinical failure with DP at day 20 was described in a 104 kg French soldier deployed in Djibouti. He was admitted to hospital for supervision of oral treatment with DP [40 mg dihydroartemisinin (DHA) plus 320 mg piperaquine tetraphosphate (PPQ)]. This corresponded to a cumulative dose of 4.6 mg/kg DHA and 37 mg/kg PPQ in the present patient, which is far below the WHO recommended ranges. No mutation was found in the propeller domain of the Kelch 13 (k13) gene, which is associated with artemisinin resistance in Southeast Asia. Pfmdr1 N86, 184F, S1034 and N1042 polymorphisms and haplotype 72-76 CVIET for the pfcrt gene were found in the present case. There was no evidence of resistance to DP. This case confirms the risk of therapeutic failure with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine by under-dosing in patients weighing more than 100 kg. This therapeutic failure with DP by under-dosing highlighted the importance of appropriate dosing guidelines and the need of research data (efficacy, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics) in over-weight patient group.

Using the DP-190 glue for adhesive attachment of a large space mirror and its rim

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vlasenko, Oleg; Zverev, Alexey; Sachkov, Mikhail

2014-07-01

The glue DP-190 is widely used for adhesive attachment of astrositall (zerodur) lightweight large-size space astronomical mirrors (diameter of 1.7 m and more) with elements of their frames of invar. Peculiarities of physicalmechanical behavior of the glue DP-190 when exposed to the environment during the ground operation and in orbit cause instability of the reflective surface quality of mirrors. In this report we show that even a small (around 1%-5%) volumetric deformation of a cylindrical adhesive layer with a thickness of 0.8 mm between the mirror and the rim element causes significant mirrors deformation. We propose to use adhesive layer of special form that allows to reduce volumetric deformations of the glue DP-190 up to three times. Here we present results based on primary mirror tests of the WSO-UV project.

Comparative Geostatistical Analysis of Flowmeter and Direct-Push Hydraulic Conductivity Profiles at the MADE Site

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bohling, G.; Liu, G.; Knobbe, S. J.; Reboulet, E. C.; Hyndman, D. W.; Dietrich, P.; Butler, J. J.

2010-12-01

Spatial variations in hydraulic conductivity (K) are a critical control on subsurface solute transport. Characterization of such variations at the resolution (cm to dm) required for transport investigations, however, has proven to be a formidable challenge. A new generation of direct-push (DP) tools has now been developed for the characterization of vertical K variations at this resolution. These tools, which can be run in high- (0.015-m) and low- (0.4 m) resolution modes, were recently applied to the extensively studied and highly heterogeneous MADE site. Results from a geostatistical analysis of 64 DP K profiles compare favorably with the flowmeter K data that have served as the primary basis for previous MADE studies. The global statistics of the low-resolution DP and flowmeter K data are in excellent agreement. The correlation structures for the high-resolution DP data show excellent agreement with those computed from the flowmeter data. However, the geometric mean DP K value for high-resolution profiling is roughly one order of magnitude lower than the geometric mean flowmeter K value, possibly as a result of the biases inherent in each approach compounded with differences in the areal distribution of flowmeter and DP profile locations. A DP profile through the MADE aquifer to a depth of 12 m can be completed as rapidly as 1.5-2 hours, a small fraction of the time required to obtain a single flowmeter profile when well drilling, installation, and development are considered. The results of this study demonstrate that DP profiling is a practically feasible approach for characterization of spatial variations in K at the resolution required for transport investigations in highly heterogeneous systems.

Approximations and Implementations of Nonlinear Filtering Schemes.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-02-01

17) 0 0 3) P(fn) - (pf)n 4) Pf v0 - (Po <-> dp - (p0 dm is invariant under f (i.e. for all measurable A: (f’l(A)) - p(A) Remark: The Perron - Frobenius ...invariant density of the map f is then nothing else than the fixed point of the Perron - Frobenius operator. The following theorem by Lasota and Yorke [8...transition matrix R is defined. With this construct, the Perron - Frobenius operator is effectively 39 A A . w7 approximated (exact for Markov Maps)by

Relationships between Degree of Polymerization and Antioxidant Activities: A Study on Proanthocyanidins from the Leaves of a Medicinal Mangrove Plant Ceriops tagal

PubMed Central

Zhou, Hai-Chao; Tam, Nora Fung-yee; Lin, Yi-Ming; Ding, Zhen-Hua; Chai, Wei-Ming; Wei, Shu-Dong

2014-01-01

Tannins from the leaves of a medicinal mangrove plant, Ceriops tagal, were purified and fractionated on Sephadex LH-20 columns. 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR), reversed/normal high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI MS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDT-TOF MS) analysis showed that the tannins were predominantly B-type procyanidins with minor A-type linkages, galloyl and glucosyl substitutions, and a degree of polymerization (DP) up to 33. Thirteen subfractions of the procyanidins were successfully obtained by a modified fractionation method, and their antioxidant activities were investigated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method. All these subfractions exhibited potent antioxidant activities, and eleven of them showed significantly different mean DP (mDP) ranging from 1.43±0.04 to 31.77±1.15. Regression analysis demonstrated that antioxidant activities were positively correlative with mDP when around mDP <10, while dropped and then remained at a level similar to mDP = 5 with around 95 µg ml−1 for DPPH scavenging activity and 4 mmol AAE g−1 for FRAP value. PMID:25313980

Effects of dimensionality and laser polarization on kinetic simulations of laser-ion acceleration in the transparency regime

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stark, David; Yin, Lin; Albright, Brian; Guo, Fan

2017-10-01

The often cost-prohibitive nature of three-dimensional (3D) kinetic simulations of laser-plasma interactions has resulted in heavy use of two-dimensional (2D) simulations to extract physics. However, depending on whether the polarization is modeled as 2D-S or 2D-P (laser polarization in and out of the simulation plane, respectively), different results arise. In laser-ion acceleration in the transparency regime, VPIC particle-in-cell simulations show that 2D-S and 2D-P capture different physics that appears in 3D simulations. The electron momentum distribution is virtually two-dimensional in 2D-P, unlike the more isotropic distributions in 2D-S and 3D, leading to greater heating in the simulation plane. As a result, target expansion time scales and density thresholds for the onset of relativistic transparency differ dramatically between 2D-S and 2D-P. The artificial electron heating in 2D-P exaggerates the effectiveness of target-normal sheath acceleration (TNSA) into its dominant acceleration mechanism, whereas 2D-S and 3D both have populations accelerated preferentially during transparency to higher energies than those of TNSA. Funded by the LANL Directed Research and Development Program.

Transmit/receive 3-20 GHz 1.2 mW packaged double-pole-16-throw switching matrix for radar-based target detection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Azhari, Afreen; Kuwano, Yuki; Xiao, Xia; Kikkawa, Takamaro

2018-01-01

A 3-20 GHz transmit/receive (T/R) double-pole-16-throw (DP16T) switching matrix has been developed on a printed circuit board (PCB) to control sixteen antennas in a radar-based portable breast-cancer detection system. The DP16T switch consists of four 65 nm CMOS 0.01-20 GHz double-pole-four-throw (DP4T) switches. The proposed switch increase the number of T/R combinations to 224 from the 196 of a conventional switching matrix in order to construct high-resolution images. Using this switch and a 4 × 4 slot antenna array, a 10 × 10 mm2 aluminum target was detected with an 8-GHz-center-frequency Gaussian monocycle pulse. The power consumption of the switch is only 1.2 mW. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first T/R radio frequency (RF) DP16T switching matrix, which was realized with four CMOS DP4T switches on a PCB and was measured with RF PCB connectors.

Electrogastrography associated with symptomatic changes after prokinetic drug treatment for functional dyspepsia

PubMed Central

Lim, Hyun Chul; Lee, Sang In; Chen, Jiande DZ; Park, Hyojin

2012-01-01

AIM: To evaluate the effect of prokinetic drugs on electrogastrography (EGG) parameters according to symptomatic changes in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD). METHODS: Seventy-four patients with FD were prospectively enrolled in this study between December 2006 and December 2010. We surveyed the patients using a questionnaire on dyspeptic symptoms before and after an 8-wk course of prokinetic drug treatment. We also measured cutaneous pre-prandial and post-prandial EGG recordings including percentage of gastric waves (normogastria, bradygastria, tachygastria), dominant frequency (DF), dominant power (DP), dominant frequency instability coefficient (DFIC), dominant power instability coefficient (DPIC), and the ratio of post-prandial to fasting in DP before and after the 8-wk course of prokinetic drug treatment. RESULTS: Fifty-two patients (70%) achieved symptomatic improvement after prokinetic drug treatment. Patients who had normal gastric slow waves showed symptom improvement group after treatment. Post-prandial DF showed a downward trend in the symptom improvement group, especially in the itopride group. Post-prandial DP was increased regardless of symptom improvement, especially in the itopride group and mosapride group. Post-prandial DFIC and DPIC in the symptom improvement group were significantly increased after the treatment. The EGG power ratio was increased after treatment in the symptom improvement group (0.50 ± 0.70 vs 0.93 ± 1.77, P = 0.002), especially in the itopride and levosulpiride groups. CONCLUSION: Prokinetics could improve the symptoms of FD by regulating gastric myoelectrical activity, and EGG could be a useful tool in evaluating the effects of various prokinetics. PMID:23139612

Liver fibrosis: stretched exponential model outperforms mono-exponential and bi-exponential models of diffusion-weighted MRI.

PubMed

Seo, Nieun; Chung, Yong Eun; Park, Yung Nyun; Kim, Eunju; Hwang, Jinwoo; Kim, Myeong-Jin

2018-07-01

To compare the ability of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) parameters acquired from three different models for the diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis (HF). Ninety-five patients underwent DWI using nine b values at 3 T magnetic resonance. The hepatic apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) from a mono-exponential model, the true diffusion coefficient (D t ), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D p ) and perfusion fraction (f) from a biexponential model, and the distributed diffusion coefficient (DDC) and intravoxel heterogeneity index (α) from a stretched exponential model were compared with the pathological HF stage. For the stretched exponential model, parameters were also obtained using a dataset of six b values (DDC # , α # ). The diagnostic performances of the parameters for HF staging were evaluated with Obuchowski measures and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. The measurement variability of DWI parameters was evaluated using the coefficient of variation (CoV). Diagnostic accuracy for HF staging was highest for DDC # (Obuchowski measures, 0.770 ± 0.03), and it was significantly higher than that of ADC (0.597 ± 0.05, p < 0.001), D t (0.575 ± 0.05, p < 0.001) and f (0.669 ± 0.04, p = 0.035). The parameters from stretched exponential DWI and D p showed higher areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) for determining significant fibrosis (≥F2) and cirrhosis (F = 4) than other parameters. However, D p showed significantly higher measurement variability (CoV, 74.6%) than DDC # (16.1%, p < 0.001) and α # (15.1%, p < 0.001). Stretched exponential DWI is a promising method for HF staging with good diagnostic performance and fewer b-value acquisitions, allowing shorter acquisition time. • Stretched exponential DWI provides a precise and accurate model for HF staging. • Stretched exponential DWI parameters are more reliable than D p from bi-exponential DWI model • Acquisition of six b values is sufficient to obtain accurate DDC and α.

Chronic heat improves mechanical and metabolic response of trained rat heart on ischemia and reperfusion.

PubMed

Levy, E; Hasin, Y; Navon, G; Horowitz, M

1997-05-01

Cardiac mechanics and metabolic performance were studied in isolated perfused hearts of rats subjected to a combined chronic stress of heat acclimation and swimming training (EXAC) or swimming training alone (EX). Diastolic (DP) and systolic pressures (SP), coronary flow (CF), and oxygen consumption were measured during normoperfusion (80 mmHg), and the appearance of ischemic contracture (IC), DP, and SP were measured during progressive graded ischemia, total ischemia (TI), and reperfusion insults. ATP, phosphocreatine, and intracellular pH were measured during TI and reperfusion with 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. During normoperfusion, SP and cardiac efficiency (derived from rate-pressure product-oxygen consumption relationships) were the highest in the 2-mo EXAC hearts (P < 0.0001). During progressive graded ischemia, the development of IC (percentage of total hearts) was similar in both EXAC and EX hearts; the only significant difference was confined to the 1- vs. 2-mo groups. The onset of IC was delayed in the EXAC hearts and, on reperfusion, recovery, particularly of DP, was significantly improved in the latter. After TI, EXAC hearts retained 30% of the ATP pool and there was a delayed decline in intracellular pH. On reperfusion, these hearts also displayed improved ATP and phosphocreatine recovery, the 2-mo EXAC heart demonstrating significantly faster high-energy phosphate salvage, improved diastolic function, and pulse pressure recovery. The data attest to the beneficial effects of heat acclimation on cardiac mechanics of trained rats during normoperfusion and cardiac protection on ischemia and reperfusion. Possibly, energy sparing, lesser acidosis, and shorter duration of IC on ischemia and improved energy salvage on reperfusion contribute synergistically to this potent beneficial effect.

The effect of ambient illuminance on the development of deprivation myopia in chicks.

PubMed

Ashby, Regan; Ohlendorf, Arne; Schaeffel, Frank

2009-11-01

Recent epidemiologic studies have shown that children who spend a higher proportion of time outdoors are less likely to develop myopia. This study was undertaken to investigate whether light levels may be a relevant factor in the development of myopia. METHODS; Paradigm 1: Chicks were fitted with translucent diffusers for 5 days, with the diffusers removed daily for 15 minutes under one of three lighting conditions: (1) normal laboratory lighting (500 lux), (2) intense laboratory lighting (15,000 lux), or (3) daylight (30,000 lux). A control group, which continuously wore diffusers, was also kept under an illumination of 500 lux. Paradigm 2: Chicks fitted with translucent diffusers were raised for 4 days under one of three lighting conditions: (1) low laboratory lighting (50 lux, n = 9), (2) normal laboratory lighting (500 lux, n = 18), or (3) intense laboratory lights (15,000 lux, n = 9). In groups 1 and 3, the chicks were exposed to either low or high ambient illuminances for a period of 6 hours per day (10 AM-4 PM), but were kept under 500 lux for the remaining time of the light phase. Axial length and refraction were measured at the commencement and cessation of all treatments, with corneal curvature measured additionally in paradigm 2. Paradigm 1: The chicks exposed daily to sunlight for 15 minutes had significantly shorter eyes (8.81 +/- 0.05 mm; P < 0.01) and less myopic refractions (-1.1 +/- 0.45 D; P < 0.01) than did the chicks that had their diffusers removed under normal laboratory light levels (8.98 +/- 0.03 mm, -5.3 +/- 0.5 D). If the diffusers were removed under intense laboratory lights, the chicks also developed shorter eyes (8.88 +/- 0.04 mm; P < 0.01) and less myopic refractions (-3.4 +/- 0.6D; P < 0.01). Paradigm 2: The chicks that wore diffusers continuously under high illuminance had shorter eyes (8.54 +/- 0.02 mm; P < 0.01) and less myopic refractions (+0.04 +/- 0.7D; P < 0.001) compared with those chicks reared under normal light levels (8.64 +/- 0.06 mm, -5.3 +/- 0.9 D). Low illuminance (50 lux) did not further increase deprivation myopia. Exposing chicks to high illuminances, either sunlight or intense laboratory lights, retards the development of experimental myopia. These results, in conjunction with recent epidemiologic findings, suggest that daily exposure to high light levels may have a protective effect against the development of school-age myopia in children.

Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced T1ρ imaging vs diffusion metrics for assessment liver inflammation and early stage fibrosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in rabbits.

PubMed

Xie, Yuanliang; Zhang, Hongfeng; Jin, Chaoling; Wang, Xiang; Wang, Xiaoqi; Chen, Jingting; Xu, Yikai

2018-05-01

To assess the value of T1ρ,T1ρ on hepatobiliary phase (HBP) and diffusion metrics in staging of Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity scores, inflammation, fibrosis in NASH rabbits model. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) rabbits model was induced by feeding a varied duration of high-fat, high-cholesterol diet. T1ρ,T1ρ (HBP) 20min after administration of Gd-EOB-DTPA, and Intravoxel incoherent motion imaging (IVIM) diffusion-weighted imaging were performed on a 3.0T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging unit. The diagnostic value of each parameter for NAS, inflammation and fibrosis severity were determined. T1ρ (r=0.658) and T1ρ (HBP) (r=0.750) have strong association with NASH overall activity, T1ρ (HBP) is strongly relevant to inflammation stage (r=0.812). There was negative association between f and inflammation (r=-0.480), whilst no significant relation between other three parameters (apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*) and true diffusion coefficient (D)) and inflammation or overall activity. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of f, ADC, T1ρ and T1ρ-HBP were 0.871, 0.728, 0.849 and 0.949 for differentiating NASH; 0.731, 0.552, 0.925 and 0.922 for G2-3 inflammation; and 0.767, 0.625, 0.816, and 0.882 for S1-2 fibrosis. Comparison of ROC curve showed T1ρ (HBP) had an optimal diagnostic performance for NASH [T1ρ (HBP) vs ADC, AUC:0.949 vs 0.728, P=0.043], inflammation [T1ρ (HBP) vs ADC, AUC:0.922 vs 0.552, P=0.003], fibrosis [T1ρ (HBP) vs ADC, AUC:0.882 vs 0.625, P=0.046]. The combination of T1ρ (HBP)+perfusion fraction (f) showed highest diagnostic value for NASH (AUC:0.971), inflammation (AUC:0.935). Among T1ρ imaging and IVIM diffusion metrics, combination of T1rho (HBP)+f was found to be superior noninvasive imaging biomarker for NASH activity assessment. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

ONIOM DFT/PM3 calculations on the interaction between dapivirine and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, a theoretical study.

PubMed

Liang, Y H; Chen, F E

2007-08-01

Theoretical investigations of the interaction between dapivirine and the HIV-1 RT binding site have been performed by the ONIOM2 (B3LYP/6-31G (d,p): PM3) and B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) methods. The results derived from this study indicate that this inhibitor dapivirine forms two hydrogen bonds with Lys101 and exhibits strong π-π stacking or H…π interaction with Tyr181 and Tyr188. These interactions play a vital role in stabilizing the NNIBP/dapivirine complex. Additionally, the predicted binding energy of the BBF optimized structure for this complex system is -18.20 kcal/mol.

Dechlorane Plus in serum from e-waste recycling workers: influence of gender and potential isomer-specific metabolism.

PubMed

Yan, Xiao; Zheng, Jing; Chen, Ke-Hui; Yang, Junzhi; Luo, Xiao-Jun; Yu, Le-Huan; Chen, She-Jun; Mai, Bi-Xian; Yang, Zhong-Yi

2012-11-15

Dechlorane Plus (DP) and its dechlorinated product, anti-Cl₁₁-DP, were measured in serum of 70 occupationally exposed workers in an e-waste recycling region and 13 residents of an urban area in South China. The DP levels were significantly higher in the workers (22-2200 ng/g with median of 150 ng/g lipid) than in the urban residents (2.7-91 ng/g with median of 4.6 ng/g lipid). The DP concentrations in females were found to be associated with their age but such relation was not found for males. Significant differences in DP levels and DP isomer composition were found between genders. The females had remarkably higher DP levels and f(anti) values (fraction of anti-DP to total DPs) in serum than the males. Anti-Cl₁₁-DP was significantly correlated with anti-DP for both genders but with different slope of regression line. The ratios of anti-Cl₁₁-DP to anti-DP (mean of 0.017) in males were significantly higher than those (mean of 0.010) in females. Combining with the lower f(anti) values in males, it is likely that males have higher metabolic potential for DPs than females which resulted in the lower DP loading in serum. However, the different patterns of selective uptake and/or excretion of different compounds between genders cannot be eliminated as a possible reason for the observed gender differences. This study is the first to report on the gender difference in DP accumulation in human, and its mechanism is worth further investigation. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Reaction-Diffusion-Delay Model for EPO/TNF-α Interaction in articular cartilage lesion abatement

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Injuries to articular cartilage result in the development of lesions that form on the surface of the cartilage. Such lesions are associated with articular cartilage degeneration and osteoarthritis. The typical injury response often causes collateral damage, primarily an effect of inflammation, which results in the spread of lesions beyond the region where the initial injury occurs. Results and discussion We present a minimal mathematical model based on known mechanisms to investigate the spread and abatement of such lesions. The first case corresponds to the parameter values listed in Table 1, while the second case has parameter values as in Table 2. In particular we represent the "balancing act" between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines that is hypothesized to be a principal mechanism in the expansion properties of cartilage damage during the typical injury response. We present preliminary results of in vitro studies that confirm the anti-inflammatory activities of the cytokine erythropoietin (EPO). We assume that the diffusion of cytokines determine the spatial behavior of injury response and lesion expansion so that a reaction diffusion system involving chemical species and chondrocyte cell state population densities is a natural way to represent cartilage injury response. We present computational results using the mathematical model showing that our representation is successful in capturing much of the interesting spatial behavior of injury associated lesion development and abatement in articular cartilage. Further, we discuss the use of this model to study the possibility of using EPO as a therapy for reducing the amount of inflammation induced collateral damage to cartilage during the typical injury response. Table 1 Model Parameter Values for Results in Figure 5 Table of Parameter Values Corresponding to Simulations in Figure 5 Parameter Value Units Reason D R 0.1 c m 2 day Determined from [13] D M 0.05 c m 2 day Determined from [13] D F 0.05 c m 2 day Determined from [13] D P 0.005 c m 2 day Determined from [13] δ R 0.01 1 day Approximated δ M 0.6 1 day Approximated δ F 0.6 1 day Approximated δ P 0.0087 1 day Approximated δ U 0.0001 1 day Approximated σ R 0.0001 micromolar ⋅ c m 2 day ⋅ cells Approximated σ M 0.00001 micromolar ⋅ c m 2 day ⋅ cells Approximated σ F 0.0001 micromolar ⋅ c m 2 day ⋅ cells Approximated σ P 0 micromolar ⋅ c m 2 day ⋅ cells Case with no anti-inflammatory response Λ 10 micromolar Approximated λ R 10 micromolar Approximated λ M 10 micromolar Approximated λ F 10 micromolar Approximated λ P 10 micromolar Approximated α 0 1 day Case with no anti-inflammatory response β 1 100 1 day Approximated Β 2 50 1 day Approximated γ 10 1 day Approximated ν 0.5 1 day Approximated μ S A 1 1 day Approximated μ D N 0.5 1 day Approximated τ 1 0.5 days Taken from [5] τ 2 1 days Taken from [5] Table 2 Model Parameter Values for Results in Figure 6 Table of Parameter Values Corresponding to Simulations in Figure 6 Parameter Value Units Reason D R 0.1 c m 2 day Determined from [13] D M 0.05 c m 2 day Determined from [13] D F 0.05 c m 2 day Determined from [13] DP 0.005 c m 2 day Determined from [13] δ R 0.01 1 day Approximated δ M 0.6 1 day Approximated δ F 0.6 1 day Approximated δ P 0.0087 1 day Approximated δ U 0.0001 1 day Approximated σ R 0.0001 micromolar ⋅ c m 2 day ⋅ cells Approximated σ M 0.00001 micromolar ⋅ c m 2 day ⋅ cells Approximated σ F 0.0001 micromolar ⋅ c m 2 day ⋅ cells Approximated σ P 0.001 micromolar ⋅ c m 2 day ⋅ cells Approximated Λ 10 micromolar Approximated λ R 10 micromolar Approximated λ M 10 micromolar Approximated λ F 10 micromolar Approximated λ P 10 micromolar Approximated α 10 1 day Approximated β 1 100 1 day Approximated β 2 50 1 day Approximated γ 10 1 day Approximated ν 0.5 1 day Approximated μ S A 1 1 day Approximated μ D N 0.5 1 day Approximated τ 1 0.5 days Taken from [5] τ 2 1 days Taken from [5] Conclusions The mathematical model presented herein suggests that not only are anti-inflammatory cy-tokines, such as EPO necessary to prevent chondrocytes signaled by pro-inflammatory cytokines from entering apoptosis, they may also influence how chondrocytes respond to signaling by pro-inflammatory cytokines. Reviewers This paper has been reviewed by Yang Kuang, James Faeder and Anna Marciniak-Czochra. PMID:22353555

Water-soluble ions and carbon content of size-segregated aerosols in New Delhi, India: direct and indirect influences of firework displays.

PubMed

Kumar, Pawan; Kumar, Rakesh; Yadav, Sudesh

2016-10-01

The particle size distribution and water-soluble inorganic ion (WSII) and carbonaceous species in size-segregated aerosols, Dp < 0.95, 0.95 < Dp < 1.5, 1.5 < Dp < 3.0, 3.0 < Dp < 7.2, and 7.2 < Dp < 10 μm, were investigated during Diwali firework displays in New Delhi, India. The firework activity had the maximum contribution to the mass loading of PM 0.95 (786 μg/m 3 ) followed by PM 0.95-1.5 (216 μg/m 3 ) with all other three fractions accounting to a total of 214 μg/m 3 . The percentage contributions of WSII to the total mass of aerosols were highest in first two size fractions (39 and 40 %, respectively), compared to other fractions. The firework marker ion (Mg 2+ , Cl - , and K + ) mass concentration shows higher values in PM 0.95 during Diwali compared to before Diwali period. The mass size distribution of particles, NH 4 + , K + , Cl - , SO 4 2- , Mg 2+ , and NO 3 - , also showed changes on the Diwali night compared to previous and after days. The high Cl - /Na + (5.6) and OC/EC (3.4) ratio of PM 0.95 can be used as the indicators of firework displays. The lowering of mixing height on Diwali night to 50 m compared to before (277 mts) and after (269 mts) Diwali period further concentrated the aerosols in ambient atmosphere. Therefore, the firework display not only released the gaseous or elemental constituent but also influenced the temperature profile and both put together result in high aerosol concentrations, WSII, OC, and BC contents in ambient atmosphere. The alveolar, respirable, and inhalable fractions accounted for 64.6, 90.8, and 97.8 %, respectively, of the total PM 10 mass. People stay exposed to such high pollution level in short span of 6-8 h and experience adverse health impacts due to high mass concentrations and the chemical components of fine aerosols.

Comparing dietary patterns derived by two methods and their associations with obesity in Polish girls aged 13-21 years: the cross-sectional GEBaHealth study.

PubMed

Wadolowska, Lidia; Kowalkowska, Joanna; Czarnocinska, Jolanta; Jezewska-Zychowicz, Marzena; Babicz-Zielinska, Ewa

2017-05-01

To compare dietary patterns (DPs) derived by two methods and their assessment as a factor of obesity in girls aged 13-21 years. Data from a cross-sectional study conducted among the representative sample of Polish females ( n = 1,107) aged 13-21 years were used. Subjects were randomly selected. Dietary information was collected using three short-validated food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) regarding fibre intake, fat intake and overall food intake variety. DPs were identified by two methods: a priori approach (a priori DPs) and cluster analysis (data-driven DPs). The association between obesity and DPs and three single dietary characteristics was examined using multiple logistic regression analysis. Four data-driven DPs were obtained: 'Low-fat-Low-fibre-Low-varied' (21.2%), 'Low-fibre' (29.1%), 'Low-fat' (25.0%) and 'High-fat-Varied' (24.7%). Three a priori DPs were pre-defined: 'Non-healthy' (16.6%), 'Neither-pro-healthy-nor-non-healthy' (79.1%) and 'Pro-healthy' (4.3%). Girls with 'Low-fibre' DP were less likely to have central obesity (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.36; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.17, 0.75) than girls with 'Low-fat-Low-fibre-Low-varied' DP (reference group, OR = 1.00). No significant associations were found between a priori DPs and overweight including obesity or central obesity. The majority of girls with 'Non-healthy' DP were also classified as 'Low-fibre' DP in the total sample, in girls with overweight including obesity and in girls with central obesity (81.7%, 80.6% and 87.3%, respectively), while most girls with 'Pro-healthy' DP were classified as 'Low-fat' DP (67.8%, 87.6% and 52.1%, respectively). We found that the a priori approach as well as cluster analysis can be used to derive opposite health-oriented DPs in Polish females. Both methods have provided disappointing outcomes in explaining the association between obesity and DPs. The cluster analysis, in comparison with the a priori approach, was more useful for finding any relationship between DPs and central obesity. Our study highlighted the importance of method used to derive DPs in exploring associations between diet and obesity.

Evaluation of (68)Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT for the detection of duodenopancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in patients with MEN1.

PubMed

Morgat, Clément; Vélayoudom-Céphise, Fritz-Line; Schwartz, Paul; Guyot, Martine; Gaye, Delphine; Vimont, Delphine; Schulz, Jürgen; Mazère, Joachim; Nunes, Marie-Laure; Smith, Denis; Hindié, Elif; Fernandez, Philippe; Tabarin, Antoine

2016-07-01

Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy with (111)In-pentetreotide (SRS) is used to detect duodenopancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (dpNETs) in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1). However, SRS has limited sensitivity for this purpose. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with (68)Ga-DOTA-TOC has a higher rate of sporadic dpNETs detection than SRS but there is little data for dpNETs detection in MEN1. To compare the performances of (68)Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT, SRS and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) to diagnose dpNETs in MEN1. Single-institution prospective comparative study Nineteen consecutive MEN1 patients (aged 47 ± 13 years) underwent (68)Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT, SRS, and CE-CT within 2 months in random order. Blinded readings of images were performed separately by experienced physicians. Unblinded analysis of CE-CT, combined with additional magnetic resonance imaging, endoscopic-ultrasound, (18)F-2-fluoro-deoxy-D-glucose ((18)F-FDG) PET/CT or histopathology results served as reference standard for dpNETs diagnosis. The sensitivity of (68)Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT, SRS, and CE-CT was 76, 20, and 60 %, respectively (p < 0.0001). All the true-positive lesions detected by SRS were also depicted on (68)Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT. (68)Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT detected lesions of smaller size than SRS (10.7 ± 7.6 and 15.2 ± 5.9 mm, respectively, p < 0.03). False negatives of (68)Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT included small dpNETs (<10 mm) and (18)F-FDG PET/CT positive aggressive dpNETs. No false positives were recorded. In addition, whole-body mapping with (68)Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT identified extra-abdominal MEN1-related tumors including one neuroendocrine thymic carcinoma identified by the three imaging procedures, one bronchial carcinoid undetected by CE-CT and three meningiomas undetected by SRS. Owing to higher diagnostic performance, (68)Ga-DOTA-TOC PET/CT (or alternative (68)Ga-labeled somatostatin analogues) should replace (111)In-pentetreotide in the investigation of MEN1 patients.

Prostaglandin D2 effects and DP1 /DP2 receptor distribution in guinea pig urinary bladder out-flow region.

PubMed

Guan, Na N; Svennersten, Karl; de Verdier, Petra J; Wiklund, N Peter; Gustafsson, Lars E

2017-02-01

The proximal urethra and urinary bladder trigone play important roles in continence. We have previously shown that PGD 2 is released from guinea pig bladder urothelium/suburothelium and can inhibit detrusor contractile responses. We presently wished to investigate PGD 2 actions in guinea pig out-flow region and the distribution of DP 1 /DP 2 receptors. The effects of PGD 2 on urothelium-intact trigone and proximal urethra contractility were studied in organ bath experiments. Expression of DP 1 /DP 2 receptor proteins was analysed by western blot. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify distribution of DP 1 /DP 2 receptors. PGD 2 in a dose-dependent manner inhibited trigone contractions induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS) and inhibited spontaneous contractions of the proximal urethra. PGD 2 was equally (trigone) or slightly less potent (urethra) compared with PGE 2 . Expression of DP 1 and DP 2 receptors was found in male guinea pig bladder trigone, neck and proximal urethra. In the trigone and proximal urethra, DP 1 receptors were found on the membrane of smooth muscle cells and weak immunoreactivty was observed in the urothelium. DP 2 receptors were distributed more widespread, weakly and evenly in the urothelium and smooth muscles. Inhibitory effects by PGD 2 on motor activity of guinea pig trigone and proximal urethra are consistent with finding DP 1 and DP 2 receptors located in the urothelium and smooth muscle cells of the trigone and proximal urethra, and PGD 2 may therefore be a modulator of the bladder out-flow region, possibly having a function in regulation of micturition and a role in overactive bladder syndrome. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine.

Screening of Pro-Asp Sequences Exposed on Bacteriophage M13 as an Ideal Anchor for Gold Nanocubes.

PubMed

Lee, Hwa Kyoung; Lee, Yujean; Kim, Hyori; Lee, Hye-Eun; Chang, Hyejin; Nam, Ki Tae; Jeong, Dae Hong; Chung, Junho

2017-09-15

Bacteriophages are thought to be ideal vehicles for linking antibodies to nanoparticles. Here, we define the sequence of peptides exposed as a fusion protein on M13 bacteriophages to yield optimal binding of gold nanocubes and efficient bacteriophage amplification. We generated five helper bacteriophage libraries using AE(X) 2 DP, AE(X) 3 DP, AE(X) 4 DP, AE(X) 5 DP, and AE(X) 6 DP as the exposed portion of pVIII, in which X was a randomized amino acid residue encoded by the nucleotide sequence NNK. Efficient phage amplification was achievable only in the AE(X) 2 DP, AE(X) 3 DP, and AE(X) 4 DP libraries. Through biopanning with gold nanocubes, we enriched the phage clones and selected the clone with the highest fold change after enrichment. This clone displayed Pro-Asp on the surface of the bacteriophage and had amplification yields similar to those of the wild-type helper bacteriophage (VCSM13). The clone displayed even binding of gold nanocubes along its length and minimal aggregation after binding. We conclude that, for efficient amplification, the exposed pVIII amino acid length should be limited to six residues and Ala-Glu-Pro-Asp-Asp-Pro (AEPDDP) is the ideal fusion protein sequence for guaranteeing the optimal formation of a complex with gold nanocubes.

The fluorescence properties of aerosol larger than 0.8 μm in urban and tropical rainforest locations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gabey, A. M.; Stanley, W. R.; Gallagher, M. W.; Kaye, P. H.

2011-06-01

UV-LIF measurements were performed on ambient aerosol in Manchester, UK (urban city centre, winter) and Borneo, Malaysia (remote, tropical) using a Wide Issue Bioaerosol Spectrometer, version 3 (WIBS3). These sites are taken to represent environments with minor and significant primary biological aerosol (PBA) influences respectively, and the urban dataset describes the fluorescent background aerosol against which PBA must be identified by researchers using LIF. The ensemble aerosol at both sites was characterised over 2-3 weeks by measuring the fluorescence intensity and optical equivalent diameter (DP) of single particles sized 0.8 ≤ DP ≤ 20 μm. Filter samples were also collected for a subset of the Manchester campaign and analysed using energy dispersive X-Ray (EDX) spectroscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), which revealed mostly non-PBA at D ≤ 1 μm. The WIBS3 features three fluorescence channels: the emission following a 280 nm excitation is recorded at 310-400 nm (channel F1) and 400-600 nm (F2), and fluorescence excited at 350 nm is detected at 400-600 nm (F3). In Manchester the primary size mode of fluorescent and non-fluorescent material was present at 0.8-1.2 μm, with a secondary fluorescent mode at 2-4 μm. In Borneo non-fluorescent material peaked at 0.8-1.2 μm and fluorescent at 3-4 μm. Agreement between fluorescent number concentrations in each channel differed at the two sites, with F1 and F3 reporting similar concentrations in Borneo but F3 outnumbering F1 by a factor of 2-3 across the size spectrum in Manchester. The fluorescence intensity in each channel generally rose with DP at both sites with the exception of F1 intensity in Manchester, which peaked at DP = 4 μm, causing a divergence between F1 and F3 intensity at larger DP. This divergence and the differing fluorescent particle concentrations demonstrate the additional discrimination provided by the F1 channel in Manchester. The relationships between fluorescence intensities in different pairs of channels were also investigated as a function of DP. Differences between these metrics were apparent at each site and provide some distinction between the two datasets. Finally, particle selection criteria based on the Borneo dataset were applied to identify a median concentration of 10 "Borneo-like" fluorescent particles per litre in Manchester.

Surface Tension Guided Hanging-Drop: Producing Controllable 3D Spheroid of High-Passaged Human Dermal Papilla Cells and Forming Inductive Microtissues for Hair-Follicle Regeneration.

PubMed

Lin, Bojie; Miao, Yong; Wang, Jin; Fan, Zhexiang; Du, Lijuan; Su, Yongsheng; Liu, Bingcheng; Hu, Zhiqi; Xing, Malcolm

2016-03-09

Human dermal papilla (DP) cells have been studied extensively when grown in the conventional monolayer. However, because of great deviation from the real in vivo three-dimensional (3D) environment, these two-dimensional (2D) grown cells tend to lose the hair-inducible capability during passaging. Hence, these 2D caused concerns have motivated the development of novel 3D culture techniques to produce cellular microtissues with suitable mimics. The hanging-drop approach is based on surface tension-based technique and the interaction between surface tension and gravity field that makes a convergence of liquid drops. This study used this technique in a converged drop to form cellular spheroids of dermal papilla cells. It leads to a controllable 3Dspheroid model for scalable fabrication of inductive DP microtissues. The optimal conditions for culturing high-passaged (P8) DP spheroids were determined first. Then, the morphological, histological and functional studies were performed. In addition, expressions of hair-inductive markers including alkaline phosphatase, α-smooth muscle actin and neural cell adhesion molecule were also analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR, immunostaining and immunoblotting. Finally, P8-DP microtissues were coimplanted with newborn mouse epidermal cells (EPCs) into nude mice. Our results indicated that the formation of 3D microtissues not only endowed P8-DP microtissues many similarities to primary DP, but also confer these microtissues an enhanced ability to induce hair-follicle (HF) neogenesis in vivo. This model provides a potential to elucidate the native biology of human DP, and also shows the promising for the controllable and scalable production of inductive DP cells applied in future follicle regeneration.

In vitro fermentation of alternansucrase raffinose acceptor products by human gut bacteria

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

In this work, in vitro fermentation of alternansucrase raffinose acceptor products, previously fractionated according to their degree of polymerization (DP; from DP4 to DP10) was carried out using pH-controlled small scale batch cultures at 37ºC under anaerobic conditions with human faeces. Bifidog...

¹H-MAS-NMR chemical shifts in hydrogen-bonded complexes of chlorophenols (pentachlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 2,6-dichlorophenol, 3,5-dichlorophenol, and p-chlorophenol) and amine, and H/D isotope effects on ¹H-MAS-NMR spectra.

PubMed

Honda, Hisashi

2013-04-22

Chemical shifts (CS) of the ¹H nucleus in N···H···O type hydrogen bonds (H-bond) were observed in some complexes between chlorophenols [pentachlorophenol (PCP), 2,4,6-tricholorophenol (TCP), 2,6-dichlorophenol (26DCP), 3,5-dichlorophenol (35DCP), and p-chlorophenol (pCP)] and nitrogen-base (N-Base) by solid-state high-resolution ¹H-NMR with the magic-angle-spinning (MAS) method. Employing N-Bases with a wide range of pKa values (0.65-10.75), ¹H-MAS-NMR CS values of bridging H atoms in H-bonds were obtained as a function of the N-Base's pKa. The result showed that the CS values were increased with increasing pKa values in a range of DpKa < 0 [DpKa = pKa(N-Base)-pKa(chlorophenols)] and decreased when DpKa > 2: The maximum CS values was recorded in the PCP (pKa = 5.26)-4-methylpyridine (6.03), TCP (6.59)-imidazole (6.99), 26DCP (7.02)-2-amino-4-methylpyridine (7.38), 35DCP (8.04)-4-dimethylaminopyridine (9.61), and pCP (9.47)-4-dimethylaminopyridine (9.61) complexes. The largest CS value of 18.6 ppm was recorded in TCP-imidazole crystals. In addition, H/D isotope effects on ¹H-MAS-NMR spectra were observed in PCP-2-amino-3-methylpyridine. Based on the results of CS simulation using a B3LYP/6-311+G** function, it can be explained that a little changes of the N-H length in H-bond contribute to the H/D isotope shift of the ¹H-MAS-NMR peaks.

Official Guard and Reserve Manpower Strengths and Statistics. Fiscal Year 1982 Summary

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-01-01

DI ’a D~ U.. O 14( 11) f.IF) U0 0F)Cn D.4- F- aIaDP iDC n l 4. wlU a’ ý w fN 0 n C K) T) -P" F CW a l ) Nn w) (’o F-4 o( C...CIn OW~I ;0 - 4MT 4i on 0. H WI l - 0 PI4 .4C) .4i 4 4 N W’)NNP) t .’ P2-iP I flD N 4I LL. (F L0 Di0C )t Di YW 0 4 O %W nll)ýP ON sý4 )"C I LP ,I N 6...8217 V) 4K 1L 6; - N In 4ý v4 w4 O0a vC l 4440 4K 6K1 I DI 4’ tflLi 4M 49 ii 4. ;c 4i 0 W 4 M. wIL In 0q x~ 4i w. cc 4 4j 64 6 w0 ~ 0’Ir 0 .4’ m 4 V 4

Predicting deep percolation with eddy covariance under mulch drip irrigation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ming, Guanghui; Tian, Fuqiang; Hu, Hongchang

2016-04-01

Water is essential for the agricultural development and ecological sustainability of the arid and semi-arid oasis with rare precipitation input and high evaporation demand. Deep percolation (DP) defined as excess irrigation water percolating below the plant root zone will reduce irrigation water use efficiency (WUE). But the DP was often ignored in mulch drip irrigation (MDI) which has reached the area of 1.6 million hectares in Xinjiang, the northwest of China. In this study DP experiments were conducted at an agricultural experiment station located within an irrigation district in the Tarim River Basin for four cotton growing periods. First it was detected the irrigation water infiltrated into the soil layers below 100cm and the groundwater level responded to the irrigation events well. Then DP below 100cm soil layers was calculated using the soil water balance method with the aid of eddy covariance (with the energy balance closure of 0.72). The negative DP (groundwater contribution to the crop-water use through capillary rising) at the seedling and harvesting stages can reach 77mm and has a good negative correlation with the groundwater level and positive correlation with potential evaporation. During the drip irrigation stage approximately 45% of the irrigation became DP and resulted in the low irrigation WUE of 0.6. The DP can be 164mm to 270mm per year which was positive linearly correlated to irrigation depth and negative linear correlated to irrigation interval. It is better to establish the irrigation schedule with small irrigation depth and given frequently to reduce deep percolation and meet crop needs.

Risk factors of postoperative pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy using a triple-row stapler.

PubMed

Kawaida, Hiromichi; Kono, Hiroshi; Watanabe, Mitsuaki; Hosomura, Naohiro; Amemiya, Hidetake; Fujii, Hideki

2018-01-01

Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is one of the major complications in patients who undergo distal pancreatectomy (DP). Recently, dividing the pancreas by stapler is a commonly performed technique, however, POPF still occurs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors for POPF after DP using a triple-row stapler. A total of 75 patients underwent DP using a triple-row stapler (Endo GIA™ Reloads with Tri-Staple™ Technology 60 mm; COVIDIEN, North Haven, CT, USA) at Yamanashi University from December 2012 to December 2016. The clinical risk factors for POPF after DP using a triple-row stapler were identified based on univariate and multivariate analyses. Clinical POPF (ISGPF Grade B and C) was seen in 7 of 75 patients (9.3%). The body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in the patients with POPF (26.8 ± 0.5 kg/m 2 ) compared with the patients without POPF (21.4 ± 0.4 kg/m 2 ; a cut-off value; 25.7 kg/m 2 ). In addition, the patients with POPF were significantly younger than the patients without POPF (56.4 ± 5.6 vs 67.0 ± 1.5; a cut-off value was 57.0 years old). BMI and age were found to be significant risk factors for POPF after DP using a triple-row stapler.

LISA pathfinder appreciably constrains collapse models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Helou, Bassam; Slagmolen, B. J. J.; McClelland, David E.; Chen, Yanbei

2017-04-01

Spontaneous collapse models are phenomological theories formulated to address major difficulties in macroscopic quantum mechanics. We place significant bounds on the parameters of the leading collapse models, the continuous spontaneous localization (CSL) model, and the Diosi-Penrose (DP) model, by using LISA Pathfinder's measurement, at a record accuracy, of the relative acceleration noise between two free-falling macroscopic test masses. In particular, we bound the CSL collapse rate to be at most (2.96 ±0.12 ) ×10-8 s-1 . This competitive bound explores a new frequency regime, 0.7 to 20 mHz, and overlaps with the lower bound 10-8 ±2 s-1 proposed by Adler in order for the CSL collapse noise to be substantial enough to explain the phenomenology of quantum measurement. Moreover, we bound the regularization cutoff scale used in the DP model to prevent divergences to be at least 40.1 ±0.5 fm , which is larger than the size of any nucleus. Thus, we rule out the DP model if the cutoff is the size of a fundamental particle.

Evaluation of breast cancer using intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) histogram analysis: comparison with malignant status, histological subtype, and molecular prognostic factors.

PubMed

Cho, Gene Young; Moy, Linda; Kim, Sungheon G; Baete, Steven H; Moccaldi, Melanie; Babb, James S; Sodickson, Daniel K; Sigmund, Eric E

2016-08-01

To examine heterogeneous breast cancer through intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) histogram analysis. This HIPAA-compliant, IRB-approved retrospective study included 62 patients (age 48.44 ± 11.14 years, 50 malignant lesions and 12 benign) who underwent contrast-enhanced 3 T breast MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and IVIM biomarkers of tissue diffusivity (Dt), perfusion fraction (fp), and pseudo-diffusivity (Dp) were calculated using voxel-based analysis for the whole lesion volume. Histogram analysis was performed to quantify tumour heterogeneity. Comparisons were made using Mann-Whitney tests between benign/malignant status, histological subtype, and molecular prognostic factor status while Spearman's rank correlation was used to characterize the association between imaging biomarkers and prognostic factor expression. The average values of the ADC and IVIM biomarkers, Dt and fp, showed significant differences between benign and malignant lesions. Additional significant differences were found in the histogram parameters among tumour subtypes and molecular prognostic factor status. IVIM histogram metrics, particularly fp and Dp, showed significant correlation with hormonal factor expression. Advanced diffusion imaging biomarkers show relationships with molecular prognostic factors and breast cancer malignancy. This analysis reveals novel diagnostic metrics that may explain some of the observed variability in treatment response among breast cancer patients. • Novel IVIM biomarkers characterize heterogeneous breast cancer. • Histogram analysis enables quantification of tumour heterogeneity. • IVIM biomarkers show relationships with breast cancer malignancy and molecular prognostic factors.

Patterns of lumbar disc degeneration are different in degenerative disc disease and disc prolapse magnetic resonance imaging analysis of 224 patients.

PubMed

Kanna, Rishi M; Shetty, Ajoy Prasad; Rajasekaran, S

2014-02-01

Existing research on lumbar disc degeneration has remained inconclusive regarding its etiology, pathogenesis, symptomatology, prevention, and management. Degenerative disc disease (DDD) and disc prolapse (DP) are common diseases affecting the lumbar discs. Although they manifest clinically differently, existing studies on disc degeneration have included patients with both these features, leading to wide variations in observations. The possible relationship or disaffect between DDD and DP is not fully evaluated. To analyze the patterns of lumbar disc degeneration in patients with chronic back pain and DDD and those with acute DP. Prospective, magnetic resonance imaging-based radiological study. Two groups of patients (aged 20-50 years) were prospectively studied. Group 1 included patients requiring a single level microdiscectomy for acute DP. Group 2 included patients with chronic low back pain and DDD. Discs were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging through Pfirmann grading, Schmorl nodes, Modic changes, and the total end-plate damage score for all the five lumbar discs. Group 1 (DP) had 91 patients and group 2 (DDD) had 133 patients. DP and DDD patients differed significantly in the number, extent, and severity of degeneration. DDD patients had a significantly higher number of degenerated discs than DP patients (p<.000). The incidence of multilevel and pan-lumbar degeneration was also significantly higher in DDD group. The pattern of degeneration also differed in both the groups. DDD patients had predominant upper lumbar involvement, whereas DP patients had mainly lower lumbar degeneration. Modic changes were more common in DP patients, especially at the prolapsed level. Modic changes were present in 37% of prolapsed levels compared with 9.9% of normal discs (p<.00). The total end-plate damage score had a positive correlation with disc degeneration in both the groups. Further the mean total end-plate damage score at prolapsed level was also significantly higher. The results suggest that patients with disc prolapse, and those with back pain with DDD are clinically and radiologically different groups of patients with varying patterns, severity, and extent of disc degeneration. This is the first study in literature to compare and identify significant differences in these two commonly encountered patient groups. In patients with single-level DP, the majority of the other discs are nondegenerate, the lower lumbar spine is predominantly involved and the end-plate damage is higher. Patients with back pain and DDD have larger number of degenerate discs, early multilevel degeneration, and predominant upper lumbar degeneration. The knowledge that these two groups of patients are different clinically and radiologically is critical for our improved understanding of the disease and for future studies on disc degeneration and disc prolapse. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Ulex Europaeus lectin and anti-CD31 staining in squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix: potential prognostic markers.

PubMed

Davidson, B; Goldberg, I; Gotlieb, W H; Lerner-Geva, L; Ben-Baruch, G; Kopolovic, J

1998-07-01

Seventy-five squamous cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix and 10 controls were stained for Ulex Europaeus lectin 1 (UEA-1) and anti-CD31, and the results were analyzed with respect to patient age, clinical stage, tumor grade, and survival during a follow-up period of 1 to 13 years. The patients' mean age at the time of diagnosis was 47.8 years (range, 27 to 83). Seventeen patients died of disease, 2 had disease recurrence, and 51 patients remained free of disease; 5 patients were lost to follow-up. Twenty-eight cases (37.3%) showed focal membranous staining for UEA-1 and 9 cases (12%) showed a diffuse pattern; 38 cases (50.7%) were UEA-1 negative. Poor survival was related to diffuse membranous UEA-1 immunoreactivity (p = 0.02), age (p = 0.014), grade (p = 0.02), and stage (p = 0.0002). CD31-positive neoplastic cells displayed a cytoplasmic pattern. Fifteen cases (20%) had diffuse staining and another 15 (20%) stained focally; 45 cases (60%) were CD31-negative. The adjacent nonneoplastic epithelium and all 10 controls were uniformly negative for CD31. Variable staining of the endocervical epithelium and weak or negative staining of ectocervical epithelium for UEA-1 were observed. However, the epithelium in all controls was negative for UEA-1. Poor survival was related to both focal and diffuse staining for CD31 (p = 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively). Staining by both UEA-1 and anti-CD31 retained its correlation with survival after exclusion of stage la tumors.

Validity of energy intake estimated by digital photography plus recall in overweight and obese young adults.

PubMed

Ptomey, Lauren T; Willis, Erik A; Honas, Jeffery J; Mayo, Matthew S; Washburn, Richard A; Herrmann, Stephen D; Sullivan, Debra K; Donnelly, Joseph E

2015-09-01

Recent reports have questioned the adequacy of self-report measures of dietary intake as the basis for scientific conclusions regarding the associations of dietary intake and health, and reports have recommended the development and evaluation of better methods for the assessment of dietary intake in free-living individuals. We developed a procedure that used pre- and post-meal digital photographs in combination with dietary recalls (DP+R) to assess energy intake during ad libitum eating in a cafeteria setting. To compare mean daily energy intake of overweight and obese young adults assessed by a DP+R method with mean total daily energy expenditure assessed by doubly labeled water (TDEE(DLW)). Energy intake was assessed using the DP+R method in 91 overweight and obese young adults (age = 22.9±3.2 years, body mass index [BMI; calculated as kg/m(2)]=31.2±5.6, female=49%) over 7 days of ad libitum eating in a university cafeteria. Foods consumed outside the cafeteria (ie, snacks, non-cafeteria meals) were assessed using multiple-pass recall procedures, using food models and standardized, neutral probing questions. TDEE(DLW) was assessed in all participants over the 14-day period. The mean energy intakes estimated by DP+R and TDEE(DLW) were not significantly different (DP+R=2912±661 kcal/d; TDEE(DLW)=2849±748 kcal/d, P=0.42). The DP+R method overestimated TDEE(DLW) by 63±750 kcal/d (6.8±28%). Results suggest that the DP+R method provides estimates of energy intake comparable to those obtained by TDEE(DLW). Copyright © 2015 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Comparison of broiler performance and carcass yields when fed transgenic maize grain containing event DP-O9814O-6 and processed fractions from transgenic soybeans containing event DP-356O43-5.

PubMed

McNaughton, J; Roberts, M; Rice, D; Smith, B; Hinds, M; Delaney, B; Iiams, C; Sauber, T

2011-08-01

The performance of broilers fed diets containing maize grain from event DP-Ø9814Ø-6 (98140; gat4621 and zm-hra genes) and processed fractions (meal, hulls, and oil) from soybeans containing event DP-356Ø43-5 (356043; gat4601 and gm-hra genes) was evaluated in a 42-d feeding study. Diets were produced with nontransgenic maize grain and soybean fractions from controls with comparable genetic backgrounds to 98140 and 356043 (control), 98140 maize and 356043 soybean (98140 + 356043), or 3 commercially available nontransgenic maize and soybean combinations. Ross 708 broilers (n = 120/group; 50% male, 50% female) were fed diets in 3 phases: starter (d 0 to 21), grower (d 22 to 35), and finisher (d 36 to 42). Starter diets contained (on average) 63% maize and 28% soybean meal, grower diets 66% maize and 26% soybean meal, and finisher diets 72% maize and 21% soybean meal; soybean hulls and oils were held constant at 1.0 and 0.5%, respectively, across all diets in all phases. Weight gain, feed intake, and mortality-adjusted feed efficiency were calculated for d 0 to 42. Standard organ and carcass yield data were collected on d 42. Data were analyzed using a mixed model ANOVA with differences between control and 98140 + 356043 group means considered significant at P < 0.05. Reference group data were used only to estimate experimental variability and to generate tolerance intervals. No significant differences were observed in weight gain, mortality, mortality-adjusted feed efficiency, organ yields, or carcass yields between broilers consuming diets produced with 98140 + 356043 and those consuming diets produced with control maize and soybean fractions. All values of response variables evaluated in the control and 98140 + 356043 groups fell within calculated tolerance intervals. Based on these results, it was concluded that the combination of genetically modified 98140 maize and 356043 soybean fractions was nutritionally equivalent to nontransgenic maize and soybean controls with comparable genetic backgrounds.

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of uterine cervical cancer.

PubMed

Liu, Ying; Bai, Renju; Sun, Haoran; Liu, Haidong; Wang, Dehua

2009-01-01

To determine the feasibility of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (DWI) of uterine cervical cancer and to investigate whether the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of cervical cancer differ from those of normal cervix and whether they could indicate the histologic type and the pathologic grade of tumor. Forty-two female patients with histopathologically proven uterine cervical cancer and 15 female patients with uterine leiomyomas underwent preoperative MR examinations using a 1.5-T clinical scanner (GE 1.5T Twin-Speed Infinity with Excite II scanner; GE Healthcare, Waukesha, Wis). Scanning sequences included T2-weighted fast spin-echo imaging, T2-weighted fast spin-echo with fat suppression imaging, T1-weighted spin-echo imaging, and DWI with diffusion factors of 0 and 1000 s/mm2. Parameters evaluated consisted of ADC values of uterine cervical cancer and normal cervix. Histologic specimens were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The cellular densities of 32 uterine cervical cancers were calculated, which were regarded as the ratio of the total area of tumor cell nuclei divided by the area of sample image. Apparent diffusion coefficient value was statistically different (P = 0.000) between normal and cancerous tissue in the uterine cervix; the former one was (mean [SD], 1.50 [0.16]) x 10(-3) mm2/s, and the latter one was (0.88 [0.15]) x 10(-3) mm2/s. Apparent diffusion coefficient value of squamous carcinoma was statistically lower than that of adenocarcinoma (P = 0.040). The ADC value of uterine cervical cancer correlated negatively with cellular density (r = -0.711, P = 0.000) and the grading of tumor (r = -0.778, P = 0.000). Diffusion-weighted MR imaging has a potential ability to differentiate between normal and cancerous tissue in the uterine cervix, and it can indicate the histologic type of uterine cervical cancer as well. The ADC value of uterine cervical cancer represents tumor cellular density, thus providing a new method for evaluating the pathologic grading of tumor.

Microanalytical study of discontinuous precipitation and dissolution in Ni-4 at. % Sn: Local and global characterization of the reactions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zieba, P.; Gust, W.

1999-07-09

The morphology and kinetics of the discontinuous precipitation (DP) and discontinuous dissolution (DD) reactions have been studied in a Ni-4 at.% Sn alloy. High spatial resolution energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis has been used to determine the Sn concentration profiles left behind the moving reaction front for the individual cells of the Sn-depleted [alpha] lamellae and Ni[sub 3]Sn compound. These data, combined with the local values of the reaction front velocity and the thickness of the [alpha]lamellae, have been used to evaluate the local s[delta]D[sub b] values (D[sub b] is the grain-boundary chemical diffusion coefficient, [delta] is the grain-boundary thickness and smore » is the segregation factor). The obtained results have been compared with those calculated by the global approach to the DP and DD reactions, which is relevant for the whole population of the cells. It has been shown that the application of the local characterization of the DP and DD reactions removes essentially the differences between the s[delta]D[sub b] values calculated by the Petermann-Hornbogen equation and the equations of Cahn and Zieba-Pawlowski. Moreover, both sets of data do not show any substantial differences from the s[delta]D[sub b] values obtained from measurements of the tracer diffusion of tin along stationary grain boundaries in nickel.« less

The consistency of antibiotic resistance' results in two methods of disk diffusion and MIC in isolated organisms from patients with urinary tract infections.

PubMed

Karami, A; Mazloom Zadeh, S; Rastin, A; Karami, A; Shiri, P

2015-01-01

Introduction: The urinary tract infection is the most common infection and drug resistance to it is increasing. Due to the acute infection, the prescribing of medicine is conducted before culture and antibiogram and according to the results, disk diffusion is adjusted. The aim of this study was to compare it with MIC to determine to what extent the current method could be useful. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional investigation research regarding drug resistance was conducted with the help of two methods of disk diffusion and MIC on the isolations of patients' urine culture with UTI (midstream clean catch). Bacterial resistance was measured, and sensitivity and specificity were evaluated. Results: The MIC method was considered the gold standard and, according to the related formula, the sensitivity and specificity of disk diffusion were related to 13 antibiotics obtained as it follows: ciprofloxacin 69% and 69.1% (0.0001 > p and Kappa = .292), cotrimoxazole 50% and 77.3% (p = 0.010), nitrofurantoin 84.7% and 58.2% (0.0001 > p and Kappa = 0.44), ampicilin 83.3% and 85.3% (0.0001 > p and Kappa = 0.33), ofloxacin 65.5% and 83.9% (0.0001 > p and Kappa = 0.429), cephalexin 46.2% and 75.2% (p = 0.012 and Kappa = 0.116), gentamicin 64.2% and 66% (0.0001 > p and Kappa = 0.276), ceftriaxone 27.6% and 80.9% (p = 0.216 and Kappa = 0.074), nalidixic acid 42.1% and 89.2% (0.0001 > p and Kappa = 0.354), imipenem 63.4% and 70.4% (0.0001 > p and Kappa 0.306), co-amoxiclav 83% and 71% (0.0001 > p and Kappa = 0.412), cefixime 21% and 80.9% (0.0001 > p and Kappa = 0.412), vancomycin 55.9% and 94.7 (0.9001 > p and Kappa = 0.532). Sensitivity and specificity of this method were reported to be lower than MIC. Conclusions: Due to the low sensitivity and specificity of the disk diffusion method, antibiotic therapy should be certainly considered in clinical conditions, and risk factors for the infection and only by this approach cannot prescribe the drug.

Utility of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging in predicting early response to concurrent chemoradiotherapy in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

PubMed

Li, F P; Wang, H; Hou, J; Tang, J; Lu, Q; Wang, L L; Yu, X P

2018-05-03

To investigate the utility of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) in predicting the early response to concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Thirty-three patients with OSCC who received CRT underwent IVIM-DWI at three time points (before CRT, at the end of radiotherapy 20 Gy, and immediately after CRT). After CRT, the patients were divided into the responders (complete response or partial response) and the non-responders (stable disease) based on RECIST 1.1. The IVIM-DWI parameters (apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC], true diffusion coefficient [D], the pseudo-diffusion coefficient [D*], and the perfusion fraction [f]) values and their percentage changes (Δvalue) at different time points were compared between the responders and the non-responders. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the efficacy of IVIM-DWI parameters in identifying the response to CRT. The tumour regression ratio showed negative correlations with ADC pre (r=-0.610, p=0.000), ADC 20 Gy (r=-0.518, p=0.002), D pre (r=-0.584, p=0.000), and D 20 Gy (r=-0.454, p=0.008), and positive correlation with ΔD 20 Gy (r=0.361, p=0.039) and ΔD post (r=0.626, p=0.000). Compared to the non-responders, the responders exhibited lower ADC pre , D pre , ADC 20 Gy , and D 20 Gy , as well as higher ΔADC 20 Gy , ΔD 20 Gy , and ΔD post (all p<0.05). D pre had the highest sensitivity (92.9%) and value of area under the ROC curve (0.865) in differentiating the responders from the non-responders. Diffusion-related IVIM-DWI parameters (ADC and D) are potentially helpful in predicting the early treatment effect of CRT in OSCC. Copyright © 2018 The Royal College of Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Impact Craters of Venus with D Greater Than 5 km Classified Based on Degree of Preservation of the Associated Radar-Dark Deposits

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Basilevsky, A. T.; Head, J. W.; Setyaeva, I. V.

2003-01-01

This is a further continuation of work, which studied craters greater than or equal to 30 km in diameter. That work subdivided craters based on character of the associated radar dark deposits. It was suggested and then confirmed that the most pristine deposits of that sort are radar-dark parabolas. Non-parabolic radar-dark halos represent the next stage of the deposit evolution and then with time they disappear. So presence and character of crater-associated dark deposit can be used for estimates of the crater age and then for dating other features. Previous work classified craters into: 1) craters with dark parabola (DP), 2) with clear dark halo (CH), 3) with faint halo (FH) and 4) with no dark halo (NH). It was found that abundances of craters superposed on regional plains (whose mean age is close to the planet mean surface age T) and belonging to DP, CH, FH and NH classes were correspondingly 15, 30, 30 and 25%. From that it was concluded that DP craters are not older than 0.1-0.15T; CH craters formed during the time interval from approx. 0.5T until 0.1-0.15T ago, and the FH and NH craters formed prior to approx. 0.5T ago. It was shown that the DP, CH, FH and NH percentages show only slight apparent dependence on the crater geographic latitudes and no noticeable dependence on the crater size. The present study analyzes a much larger population (all D greater than or equal to 5 km craters) to investigate better the latitude effect and to study if within this larger crater population the size effect exists.

Hepatic Fibrosis, Inflammation, and Steatosis: Influence on the MR Viscoelastic and Diffusion Parameters in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease.

PubMed

Leitão, Helena S; Doblas, Sabrina; Garteiser, Philippe; d'Assignies, Gaspard; Paradis, Valérie; Mouri, Feryel; Geraldes, Carlos F G C; Ronot, Maxime; Van Beers, Bernard E

2017-04-01

Purpose To determine the relationship of liver fibrosis, inflammation, and steatosis with the magnetic resonance (MR) viscoelastic and diffusion parameters in patients with chronic liver disease and to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the imaging parameters in staging liver fibrosis. Materials and Methods Consecutive patients with chronic liver disease scheduled for liver biopsy were prospectively recruited from November 2010 to October 2012 for this institutional review board-approved study after they provided written informed consent. Sixty-eight patients underwent three-dimensional MR elastography and intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted MR imaging with a 1.5-T MR system. Fibrosis, inflammation, and steatosis were assessed with the METAVIR and steatosis, activity, and fibrosis (or SAF) scoring systems. Spearman correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between liver fibrosis, inflammation, steatosis, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and viscoelastic and diffusion parameters. The accuracy of three-dimensional MR elastography and diffusion-weighted MR imaging in the determination of fibrosis stage was assessed with Obuchowski measures. Results At multiple regression analysis, fibrosis was the only variable associated with viscoelastic parameters (β = 0.6, P < .001, R 2 = 0.33 for shear modulus; β = 0.6, P < .001, R 2 = 0.32 for elasticity). Fibrosis had a weaker independent association with the apparent diffusion coefficient (β = -0.3, P = .02, R 2 = 0.33) than did steatosis (β = -0.5, P < .001, R 2 = 0.33). Steatosis was the only factor independently associated with the pure diffusion coefficient (β = -0.4, P = .002, R 2 = 0.22). Inflammation and ALT level were not associated with the viscoelastic or diffusion parameters. The diagnostic accuracy of fibrosis staging was significantly higher when measuring the shear modulus rather than the apparent diffusion coefficient (Obuchowski measures, 0.82 ± 0.04 vs 0.30 ± 0.06; P < .001). Conclusion Fibrosis is independently associated with the MR viscoelastic parameters and is less associated with the diffusion parameters than is steatosis. These results and those of diagnostic accuracy suggest that MR elastography should be preferred over diffusion-weighted MR imaging in the staging of liver fibrosis. © RSNA, 2016.

Correlation of dopaminergic terminal dysfunction and microstructural abnormalities of the basal ganglia and the olfactory tract in Parkinson's disease.

PubMed

Scherfler, Christoph; Esterhammer, Regina; Nocker, Michael; Mahlknecht, Philipp; Stockner, Heike; Warwitz, Boris; Spielberger, Sabine; Pinter, Bernadette; Donnemiller, Eveline; Decristoforo, Clemens; Virgolini, Irene; Schocke, Michael; Poewe, Werner; Seppi, Klaus

2013-10-01

Signal abnormalities of the substantia nigra and the olfactory tract detected either by diffusion tensor imaging, including measurements of mean diffusivity, a parameter of brain tissue integrity, and fractional anisotropy, a parameter of neuronal fibre integrity, or transcranial sonography, were recently reported in the early stages of Parkinson's disease. In this study, changes in the nigral and olfactory diffusion tensor signal, as well as nigral echogenicity, were correlated with clinical scales of motor disability, odour function and putaminal dopamine storage capacity measured with 6-[(18)F] fluorolevodopa positron emission tomography in early and advanced stages of Parkinson's disease. Diffusion tensor imaging, transcranial sonography and positron emission tomography were performed on 16 patients with Parkinson's disease (mean disease duration 3.7 ± 3.7 years, Hoehn and Yahr stage 1 to 4) and 14 age-matched healthy control subjects. Odour function was measured by the standardized Sniffin' Sticks Test. Mean putaminal 6-[(18)F] fluorolevodopa influx constant, mean nigral echogenicity, mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy values of the substantia nigra and the olfactory tract were identified by region of interest analysis. When compared with the healthy control group, the Parkinson's disease group showed significant signal changes in the caudate and putamen by 6-[(18)F] fluorolevodopa positron emission tomography, in the substantia nigra by transcranial sonography, mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy (P < 0.001, P < 0.01, P < 0.05, respectively) and in the olfactory tract by mean diffusivity (P < 0.05). Regional mean diffusivity values of the substantia nigra and the olfactory tract correlated significantly with putaminal 6-[(18)F] fluorolevodopa uptake (r = -0.52, P < 0.05 and r = -0.71, P < 0.01). Significant correlations were also found between nigral mean diffusivity values and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor score (r = -0.48, P < 0.01) and between mean putaminal 6-[(18)F] fluorolevodopa uptake and the total odour score (r = 0.58; P < 0.05) as well as the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale motor score (r = -0.53, P < 0.05). This study reports a significant association between increased mean diffusivity signal and decreased 6-[(18)F] fluorolevodopa uptake, indicating that microstructural degradation of the substantia nigra and the olfactory tract parallels progression of putaminal dopaminergic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Since increases in nigral mean diffusivity signal also correlated with motor dysfunction, diffusion tensor imaging may serve as a surrogate marker for disease progression in future studies of putative disease modifying therapies.

A Conserved p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway Regulates Drosophila Immunity Gene Expression

PubMed Central

Han, Zhiqiang Stanley; Enslen, Hervé; Hu, Xiaodi; Meng, Xiangjun; Wu, I-Huan; Barrett, Tamera; Davis, Roger J.; Ip, Y. Tony

1998-01-01

Accumulating evidence suggests that the insect and mammalian innate immune response is mediated by homologous regulatory components. Proinflammatory cytokines and bacterial lipopolysaccharide stimulate mammalian immunity by activating transcription factors such as NF-κB and AP-1. One of the responses evoked by these stimuli is the initiation of a kinase cascade that leads to the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase on Thr and Tyr within the motif Thr-Gly-Tyr, which is located within subdomain VIII. We have investigated the possible involvement of the p38 MAP kinase pathway in the Drosophila immune response. Two genes that are highly homologous to the mammalian p38 MAP kinase were molecularly cloned and characterized. Furthermore, genes that encode two novel Drosophila MAP kinase kinases, D-MKK3 and D-MKK4, were identified. D-MKK3 is an efficient activator of both Drosophila p38 MAP kinases, while D-MKK4 is an activator of D-JNK but not D-p38. These data establish that Drosophila indeed possesses a conserved p38 MAP kinase signaling pathway. We have examined the role of the D-p38 MAP kinases in the regulation of insect immunity. The results revealed that one of the functions of D-p38 is to attenuate antimicrobial peptide gene expression following exposure to lipopolysaccharide. PMID:9584193

Identification of HLA-DP polymorphism with DP alpha and DP beta probes and monoclonal antibodies: correlation with primed lymphocyte typing.

PubMed Central

Bodmer, J; Bodmer, W; Heyes, J; So, A; Tonks, S; Trowsdale, J; Young, J

1987-01-01

Thirty-four lymphoblastoid cell lines that had been previously typed for HLA-DP antigens by primed lymphocyte typing (PLT) were tested by Southern blotting and by ELISA. Using two DP beta probes and a DP alpha probe with a series of enzymes, it is possible to identify restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns characteristic of DPw1, -2, -3, -4, and possibly -5. ELISA typing results, based on two polymorphic DP antibodies DP11.1 and ILR1, were compared with PLT-defined and RFLP-defined types. Thus, using a range of probes and enzymes it is possible to identify DP polymorphism. The value of monoclonal antibodies for such studies is demonstrated, and the molecular data can, in some cases, pinpoint the amino acids responsible for the specificity of the monoclonal antibodies. Images PMID:2885841

Effects of flooding on phosphorus and iron mobilization in highly weathered soils: Short-term effects and mechanisms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maranguit, Deejay

2017-04-01

The strong affinity of phosphorus (P) to iron (Fe) oxides and hydroxides in highly weathered tropical soils limits P availability and therefore plant productivity. In flooded soils, however, P fixed by Fe oxides and hydroxides can be released and transformed to a more available form because of Fe3+ reduction to Fe2+. These P dynamics in flooded soils are well documented for rice paddies. Such effects are much less studied in other land-use types under the influence of seasonal flooding, especially in the tropics during heavy monsoon rains. The aim of this study was to investigate the mobilization of P during flooding leading to anaerobic conditions in topsoil and subsoil horizons depending on land-use type. Samples were collected in highly weathered soils from four replicate sites under natural rainforest, jungle rubber, rubber and oil palm plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia. Topsoil and subsoil were taken to ensure a wide range of soil organic matter (SOM) and P contents. Soils were incubated under anaerobic, flooded conditions at 30 ± 1 oC for 60 days. Our results confirmed the hypothesis that soil flooding mobilizes P and increases P availability. Two distinct and opposite phases, however, were observed upon flooding. During the first three weeks of flooding, the dissolved P (DP) concentration peaked, simultaneously with a peak of dissolved Fe2+ (DFe2+) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the soil solution. After three weeks, P availability in soils decreased, although Fe-P and available P did not reach initial, pre-flooding levels. Accordingly, Fe dissolution and P mobilization were reversible processes. Furthermore, land-use type influenced the impacts of flooding on P and Fe forms mainly in the topsoil, where P dissolution and availability were generally higher under forest and, to a lesser extent, under jungle rubber. A positive correlation between DOC and DFe2+ (R2 = 0.42) in topsoil indicates that the intensity of microbially-mediated Fe3+ reduction is limited by the amount of available carbon (C) as an energy source for microorganisms. Moreover, microbial mineralization of organic P from SOM also increases P availability, and this process requires available C. This interpretation was supported by the strong correlation (R2 = 0.58) between available P and DOC, as well as between DP and DOC (R2 = 0.56) in topsoil. The increasing soil solution pH in topsoil and subsoil after flooding of all land-use types may also influence the P release over time. In summary, the increase of available P and DP during flooding is due to three main mechanisms: (1) P release via the microbially-mediated reductive dissolution of Fe3+ oxides; (2) P release during SOM mineralization and (3) solubility of Fe phosphate due to increasing pH. These mechanisms are relevant not only in riparian areas, where flooding occurs, but also in well-drained soil that is partly waterlogged after regular heavy rainfalls during the wet season. Likewise, the P cycle turnover is faster in compacted, often anaerobic plantation soils. Here, more P is pumped by the vegetation and then removed from plantations due to yield export.

Diffusion tensor imaging can detect the early stages of cartilage damage: a comparison study.

PubMed

Ukai, Taku; Sato, Masato; Yamashita, Tomohiro; Imai, Yutaka; Mitani, Genya; Takagaki, Tomonori; Serigano, Kenji; Mochida, Joji

2015-02-21

In the present study, we measured damaged areas of cartilage with diffusion tensor (DT) imaging and T2 mapping, and investigated the extent to which cartilage damage could be determined using these techniques. Forty-one patients underwent arthroscopic knee surgery for osteoarthritis of the knee, a meniscus injury, or an anterior cruciate ligament injury. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging of the knee was performed, including T2 mapping and diffusion tensor imaging. The presence of cartilage injury involving the medial and lateral femoral condyles and tibia plateau was assessed during surgery using the Outerbridge scale. The ADC, T2 values and fractional anisotropy of areas of cartilage injury were then retrospectively analysed. The ADC results identified significant differences between Outerbridge grades 0 and 2 (P = 0.041); 0 and 3 (P < 0.001); 1 and 2 (P = 0.045); 1 and 3 (P < 0.001); and 2 and 3 (P = 0.028). The FA results identified significant differences between grades 0 and 1 (P < 0.001); 0 and 2 (P < 0.001); and 0 and 3 (P < 0.001). T2 mapping identified significant differences between Outerbridge grades 0 and 2 (P = 0.032); 0 and 3 (P < 0.001); 1 and 3 (P < 0.001); and 2 and 3 (P < 0.001). Both the T2 mapping (R(2) = 0.7883) and the ADC (R(2) = 0.9184) correlated significantly with the Outerbridge grade. The FA (R(2) = 0.6616) correlated slightly with the Outerbridge grade. T2 mapping can be useful for detecting moderate or severe cartilage damage, and the ADC can be used to detect early stage cartilage damage. The FA can also distinguish normal from damaged cartilage.

Paid expenditures and productivity costs associated with permanent disability pensions in patients with spinal disorders: Nationwide Finnish Register-based Study, 1990-2010.

PubMed

Asklöf, Tom; Martikainen, Janne; Kautiainen, Hannu; Haanpää, Maija; Kiviranta, Ilkka; Pohjolainen, Timo

2016-01-01

The objective of this study is to present the paid expenditures and productivity costs of disability pensions (DP) due to spinal disorders (SD) in Finland during 1990-2010. This study is a register-based national study. All new cases aged 20-64 that were granted a DP due to SD were identified from the nationwide register maintained by the Finnish Centre of Pensions. The data included sex, age group, year of the DP decision, main cause of incapacity (diagnosis) leading to permanent DP and yearly paid expenditures for DPs. Annual productivity costs were estimated based on labour force participation rate and the employment rate adjusted gross domestic product. A total of 39,107 individuals (18,072 females, 21,035 males) received DPs during the study period. SDs generated 9,372 million euros extra cost during this period due to DP (females 3.5 billion, males 5.9 billion). The total DP expenditures paid increased during the first half of 1990s but decreased during the second half of 1990s (-44.8 %). For degenerative SD cases, the DP expenditure was 5.1 billion €, disc disease 3.5 billion € and for other SDs 0.7 billion €. Males, compared to females, were expected to have a rate 1.22 times greater costs due to DPs. The estimated total annual productivity costs due to SDs have been over six times higher than expenditures paid for DPs per year. The costs of DPs are different compared to occurrence rates due to salary and early retirement age differences between genders. Despite a significant decrease in DP-associated expenditures due to SDs after 1993, the annual expenditures have stayed on a high level in Finland.

Cooper River Rediversion Project. Lake Moultrie and Santee River, South Carolina. Intake and Tailrace Canals. Appendix A. Boring Logs and Laboratory Test.

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-06-01

Davis___________ CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS CORE B13OX OR P r REMARKSELE.AlT,CN CEP’- C ,, ,d’~ ( Deec ~,ritor. RECRV SA PENrI,, o. ’fl..dp NO weatherir,,e etC., If...TION _QEW (T3MiaAfSL, S C tSr 2 MANUFACTURER’S DESIGNA-ION OF DRILL. DL L N1 A r El- Fiilr 314_ -o _____ -l D________ 13 TOTAL NO OF OVER-. Y ,Br5T1 IF...i n1 . 2 h1 R e c 3 yI<. - 2..0 ----- ’ t’kVQY%I4:OI’t5II q~ r -ii - ,-.---- -7 - - fl’l~j... CO1t inli on "beet 2 ’ 0-- 147 m, i l i lI "p IDR 1LLING

The influence of transection site on the development of pancreatic fistula in patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy: A review of 294 consecutive cases.

PubMed

Sell, Naomi M; Pucci, Michael J; Gabale, Salil; Leiby, Benjamin E; Rosato, Ernest L; Winter, Jordan M; Yeo, Charles J; Lavu, Harish

2015-06-01

Pancreatic fistula (PF) is a significant cause of morbidity in patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy (DP), with an incidence of 15-40%. It remains unclear if the location of pancreatic transection affects the rate of PF occurrence. This study examines the correlation between the transection site of the pancreas during DP and the incidence of PF. All cases of DP from October 2005 to January 2012 were reviewed retrospectively from an institutional review board-approved database at the Thomas Jefferson University Hospital. Patient demographics and perioperative outcomes were analyzed. The pancreatic transection location was determined by review of operative reports, and then dichotomized into 2 groups: neck/body or tail. PF were graded following the International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula guidelines. During the study period, 294 DP were performed with 244 pancreas transections at the neck/body and 50 at the tail. Of the 294 patients, 52 (17.7%) developed a postoperative PF. The incidence of PF after transection at the tail of the pancreas was higher (28%) when compared with transection at the neck/body (15.6%; P = .04). When stratified by PF grade, grade A PF occurred more commonly when transection of the gland was at the tail (22% tail vs 8.2% neck/body; P = .007); however, no difference was found for grade B/C PF (6% tail vs 7.4% neck/body; P = 1). Our data suggest that PF occurs more often when the tail is transected during DP, although the majority are low grade and of minimal clinical significance. More severe PF occurred equally between the transection sites. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Two-particle diffusion and locality assumption

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nicolleau, F.; Yu, G.

2004-07-01

A three-dimensional kinematic simulation (KS) model is used to study one- and two-particle diffusion in turbulent flows. The energy spectrum E(k) takes a power law form E(k)˜k-p. The value of this power p is varied from 1.2 to 3, so that its effects on the diffusion of one and two particles can be studied. The two-particle diffusion behaves differently depending on whether the two-particle separation is larger or smaller than the smallest scale of turbulence (Kolmogorov length scale η). When the two-particle mean square separation <Δ2(t)> is smaller than η2 it experiences a time exponential growth <Δ2(t)>=Δ02eγ(t/tη) but for a very short time. For longer times, when η2<<Δ2(t)>. In this inertial range we observe that d/dt<Δ2(t)>={a ln(<Δ(t)2>1/2/η)+b}u'L(η/L)(p+1)/2(<Δ(t)2>1/2/η)(p+1)/2 for p⩽3. For Δ0/η≫1 a=0, but a≠0 for Δ0/η⩽1 and as a consequence the pair diffusion cannot have lost its dependence on the initial separation during the exponential growth, i.e., γ is a function of Δ0/η. Our modified Richardson law is compared with two other proposed modifications to Richardson's power law, namely the virtual time [G. K. Batchelor, Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 48, 345 (1952)] and the correction factor [F. Nicolleau and J. C. Vassilicos, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 245003 (2003)]. Further investigations on two-particle diffusion when p=3 give an excellent agreement with the experimental results in P. Morel and M. Larchevêque, J. Atmos. Sci. 31 (1974) for atmospheric turbulent flows. Finally, using two different combined power law energy spectra in KS, the isotropic small scales are found to have no significant role when their largest scale lT is less than 10 times the Kolmogorov length scale η.

[Correlations between MRI apparent diffusion coefficient and histological grade and molecular biology of breast invasive ductal carcinoma].

PubMed

Yu, Xuejuan; Liu, Shangang; Chen, Zhaoqiu; Zhang, Pinliang; Zhang, Jianbo; Xu, Liang; Liu, Zengjun; Ren, Ruimei

2014-08-01

To study the correlation between the MRI apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value and histological grade and molecular biology of breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). This retrospective study included 125 patients with IDC verified by pathology from February 2010 to February 2013. Conventional MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) examination were performed using a 3.0T scanner with diffusion factor of 0 and 800 s/mm(2). The region of interest (ROI) was drawn on the largest lesion and/or its two adjacent slices. The ADC value of the whole tumor was calculated as the mean ADC value. The correlation between mean ADCs and histological grade and biological factors was analyzed. The mean ADC of pathological grade I, II and III IDC was (1.152 ± 0.072)×10(-3) mm(2)/s, (1.102 ± 0.101)×10(-3) mm(2)/s, and (1.035 ± 0.107)×10(-3) mm(2)/s, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference among them (P = 0.003). Statistically a significant difference was observed between grade III and I (P = 0.034), grade III and II (P = 0.006), but not between grade I and II (P = 0.741). A significant correlation was observed between ADC value and pathological grade (r = -0.342, P < 0.001). The median ADC values were significantly higher in the ER-negative than in the ER-positive cases [(1.130 ± 0.115)×10(-3) mm(2)/s vs. (1.060 ± 0.089) ×10(-3) mm(2)/s, P < 0.001)], in PR-negative than in PR-positive cases [(1.121 ± 0.106)×10(-3) mm(2)/s vs. (1.055 ± 0.096) ×10(-3) mm(2)/s, P < 0.001)], and in Ki-67-negative than in Ki-67-positive cases [(1.153 ± 0.090)×10(-3) mm(2)/s vs. (1.063 ± 0.101) ×10(-3) mm(2)/s, P < 0.001]. A statistically significant correlation was observed between ADC value and expressions of ER, PR, and Ki-67 (r = -0.311, r = -0.317, r = -0.414, P < 0.001). ADC value of breast invasive ductal carcinoma is correlated with histological grade, and expression of ER, PR and Ki-67.

The Exponentially Embedded Family of Distributions for Effective Data Representation, Information Extraction, and Decision Making

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

information ex- traction and learning from data. First of all, it admits sufficient statistics and therefore, provides the means for selecting good models...readily found since the Kullback -Liebler divergence can be used to ascertain distances between PDFs for various hypothesis testing scenarios. We...t1, t2) Information content of T2 (x) is D(pryj,IJ2(tl, t2)11Pryj,!J2=0(tl, t2)) = reduction in distance to true PDF where D(p1llp2) is Kullback

Biomechanical comparison of 4 double-row suture-bridging rotator cuff repair techniques using different medial-row configurations.

PubMed

Pauly, Stephan; Kieser, Bettina; Schill, Alexander; Gerhardt, Christian; Scheibel, Markus

2010-10-01

Biomechanical comparison of different suture-bridge configurations of the medial row with respect to initial construct stability (time 0, porcine model). In 40 porcine fresh-frozen shoulders, the infraspinatus tendons were dissected from their insertions. All specimens were operated on by use of the suture-bridge technique, only differing in terms of the medial-row suture-grasping configuration, and randomized into 4 groups: (1) single-mattress (SM) technique, (2) double-mattress (DM) technique, (3) cross-stitch (CS) technique, and (4) double-pulley (DP) technique. Identical suture anchors were used for all specimens (medial: Bio-Corkscrew FT 5.5 [Arthrex, Naples, FL]; lateral: Bio-PushLock 3.5 [Arthrex]). All repairs were cyclically loaded from 10 to 60 N until 10 to 200 N (20-N stepwise increase after 50 cycles each) with a material testing machine. Forces at 3 and 5 mm of gap formation, mode of failure, and maximum load to failure were recorded. The DM technique had the highest ultimate tensile strength (368.6 ± 99.5 N) compared with the DP (248.4 ± 122.7 N), SM (204.3 ± 90 N), and CS (184.9 ± 63.8 N) techniques (P = .004). The DM technique provided maximal force resistance until 3 and 5 mm of gap formation (90.0 ± 18.1 N and 128.0 ± 32.3 N, respectively) compared with the CS (72 ± 8.9 N and 108 ± 20.2 N, respectively), SM (66.0 ± 8.9 N and 90.0 ± 26.9 N, respectively), and DP (62.2 ± 6.2 N and 71 ± 13.2 N, respectively) techniques (P < .05 for each 3 and 5 mm of gap formation). The main failure mode was suture cutting through the tendon. Comparing the 4 different suture-bridge techniques, we found that modified application of suture-bridge repair with double medial mattress stitches significantly enhanced biomechanical construct stability at time 0 in this porcine ex vivo model. This technique increases initial stability and resistance to suture cutting through the rotator cuff tendon after arthroscopic suture-bridge repair. Copyright © 2010 Arthroscopy Association of North America. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A mechanism for overcoming P-glycoprotein-mediated drug resistance: novel combination therapy that releases stored doxorubicin from lysosomes via lysosomal permeabilization using Dp44mT or DpC.

PubMed

Seebacher, Nicole A; Richardson, Des R; Jansson, Patric J

2016-12-01

The intracellular distribution of a drug can cause significant variability in both activity and selectivity. Herein, we investigate the mechanism by which the anti-cancer agents, di-2-pyridylketone 4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT) and the clinically trialed, di-2-pyridylketone 4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (DpC), re-instate the efficacy of doxorubicin (DOX), in drug-resistant P-glycoprotein (Pgp)-expressing cells. Both Dp44mT and DpC potently target and kill Pgp-expressing tumors, while DOX effectively kills non-Pgp-expressing cancers. Thus, the combination of these agents should be considered as an effective rationalized therapy for potently treating advanced and resistant tumors that are often heterogeneous in terms of Pgp-expression. These studies demonstrate that both Dp44mT and DpC are transported into lysosomes via Pgp transport activity, where they induce lysosomal-membrane permeabilization to release DOX trapped within lysosomes. This novel strategy of loading lysosomes with DOX, followed by permeabilization with Dp44mT or DpC, results in the relocalization of stored DOX from its lysosomal 'safe house' to its nuclear targets, markedly enhancing cellular toxicity against resistant tumor cells. Notably, the combination of Dp44mT or DpC with DOX showed a very high level of synergism in multiple Pgp-expressing cell types, for example, cervical, breast and colorectal cancer cells. These studies revealed that the level of drug synergy was proportional to Pgp activity. Interestingly, synergism was ablated by inhibiting Pgp using the pharmacological inhibitor, Elacridar, or by inhibiting Pgp-expression using Pgp-silencing, demonstrating the importance of Pgp in the synergistic interaction. Furthermore, lysosomal-membrane stabilization inhibited the relocalization of DOX from lysosomes to the nucleus upon combination with Dp44mT or DpC, preventing synergism. This latter observation demonstrated the importance of lysosomal-membrane permeabilization to the synergistic interaction between these agents. The synergistic and potent anti-tumor efficacy observed between DOX and thiosemicarbazones represents a promising treatment combination for advanced cancers, which are heterogeneous and composed of non-Pgp- and Pgp-expressing tumor cells.

Intrinsic H+ ion mobility in the rabbit ventricular myocyte

PubMed Central

Vaughan-Jones, R D; Peercy, B E; Keener, J P; Spitzer, K W

2002-01-01

The intrinsic mobility of intracellular H+ ions was investigated by confocally imaging the longitudinal movement of acid inside rabbit ventricular myocytes loaded with the acetoxymethyl ester (AM) form of carboxy-seminaphthorhodafluor-1 (carboxy-SNARF-1). Acid was diffused into one end of the cell through a patch pipette filled with an isotonic KCl solution of pH 3.0. Intracellular H+ mobility was low, acid taking 20-30 s to move 40 μm down the cell. Inhibiting sarcolemmal Na+-H+ exchange with 1 mm amiloride had no effect on this time delay. Net Hi+ movement was associated with a longitudinal intracellular pH (pHi) gradient of up to 0.4 pH units. Hi+ movement could be modelled using the equations for diffusion, assuming an apparent diffusion coefficient for H+ ions (DappH) of 3.78 × 10−7 cm2 s−1, a value more than 300-fold lower than the H+ diffusion coefficient in a dilute, unbuffered solution. Measurement of the intracellular concentration of SNARF (≈400 μM) and its intracellular diffusion coefficient (0.9 × 10−7 cm2 s−1) indicated that the fluorophore itself exerted an insignificant effect (between 0.6 and 3.3 %) on the longitudinal movement of H+ equivalents inside the cell. The longitudinal movement of intracellular H+ is discussed in terms of a diffusive shuttling of H+ equivalents on high capacity mobile buffers which comprise about half (≈11 mm) of the total intrinsic buffering capacity within the myocyte (the other half being fixed buffer sites on low mobility, intracellular proteins). Intrinsic Hi+ mobility is consistent with an average diffusion coefficient for the intracellular mobile buffers (Dmob) of ≈9 × 10−7 cm2 s−1. PMID:12015426

Enhancement of tunneling magnetoresistance by inserting a diffusion barrier in L10-FePd perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, De-Lin; Schliep, Karl B.; Wu, Ryan J.; Quarterman, P.; Reifsnyder Hickey, Danielle; Lv, Yang; Chao, Xiaohui; Li, Hongshi; Chen, Jun-Yang; Zhao, Zhengyang; Jamali, Mahdi; Mkhoyan, K. Andre; Wang, Jian-Ping

2018-04-01

We studied the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) of L10-FePd perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (p-MTJs) with an FePd free layer and an inserted diffusion barrier. The diffusion barriers studied here (Ta and W) were shown to enhance the TMR ratio of the p-MTJs formed using high-temperature annealing, which are necessary for the formation of high quality L10-FePd films and MgO barriers. The L10-FePd p-MTJ stack was developed with an FePd free layer with a stack of FePd/X/Co20Fe60B20, where X is the diffusion barrier, and patterned into micron-sized MTJ pillars. The addition of the diffusion barrier was found to greatly enhance the magneto-transport behavior of the L10-FePd p-MTJ pillars such that those without a diffusion barrier exhibited negligible TMR ratios (<1.0%), whereas those with a Ta (W) diffusion barrier exhibited TMR ratios of 8.0% (7.0%) at room temperature and 35.0% (46.0%) at 10 K after post-annealing at 350 °C. These results indicate that diffusion barriers could play a crucial role in realizing high TMR ratios in bulk p-MTJs such as those based on FePd and Mn-based perpendicular magnetic anisotropy materials for spintronic applications.

PubMed Central

Clerbaux, T; Serteyn, D; Willems, E; Brasseur, L

1986-01-01

The equine blood oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve has been traced in its entirety in standard conditions and the effects of temperature, pH and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate on this curve have been measured. When compared to that of human blood, the curve showed a higher oxygen affinity of hemoglobin (23.8 +/- 0.8 versus 26.6 mm Hg). The effect of the pH, expressed by d log P50/dpH, was found to be identical in man and horse (-0.47). The effect of temperature, however, expressed by d log P50/dT, proved to be lower in the horse (0.016 versus 0.024). The P50 showed an increase of 1 mm Hg each time 2,3-diphosphoglycerate was experiencing an elevation of 4 mumol/gHb in the horse. The results obtained from this experiment are intended for the replacement of the values related to the human blood which have been found to be somewhat inadequate for the horse blood, when the data of blood gases are given in algorithms. PMID:3756672

Gene amplification of the transcription factor DP1 and CTNND1 in human lung cancer.

PubMed

Castillo, Sandra D; Angulo, Barbara; Suarez-Gauthier, Ana; Melchor, Lorenzo; Medina, Pedro P; Sanchez-Verde, Lydia; Torres-Lanzas, Juan; Pita, Guillermo; Benitez, Javier; Sanchez-Cespedes, Montse

2010-09-01

The search for novel oncogenes is important because they could be the target of future specific anticancer therapies. In the present paper we report the identification of novel amplified genes in lung cancer by means of global gene expression analysis. To screen for amplicons, we aligned the gene expression data according to the position of transcripts in the human genome and searched for clusters of over-expressed genes. We found several clusters with gene over-expression, suggesting an underlying genomic amplification. FISH and microarray analysis for DNA copy number in two clusters, at chromosomes 11q12 and 13q34, confirmed the presence of amplifications spanning about 0.4 and 1 Mb for 11q12 and 13q34, respectively. Amplification at these regions each occurred at a frequency of 3%. Moreover, quantitative RT-PCR of each individual transcript within the amplicons allowed us to verify the increased in gene expression of several genes. The p120ctn and DP1 proteins, encoded by two candidate oncogenes, CTNND1 and TFDP1, at 11q12 and 13q amplicons, respectively, showed very strong immunostaining in lung tumours with gene amplification. We then focused on the 13q34 amplicon and in the TFDP1 candidate oncogene. To further determine the oncogenic properties of DP1, we searched for lung cancer cell lines carrying TFDP1 amplification. Depletion of TFDP1 expression by small interference RNA in a lung cancer cell line (HCC33) with TFDP1 amplification and protein over-expression reduced cell viability by 50%. In conclusion, we report the identification of two novel amplicons, at 13q34 and 11q12, each occurring at a frequency of 3% of non-small cell lung cancers. TFDP1, which encodes the E2F-associated transcription factor DP1 is a candidate oncogene at 13q34. The data discussed in this publication have been deposited in NCBIs Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/) and are accessible through GEO Series Accession No. GSE21168.

Drawbar Pull (DP) Procedures for Off-Road Vehicle Testing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Creager, Colin; Asnani, Vivake; Oravec, Heather; Woodward, Adam

2017-01-01

As NASA strives to explore the surface of the Moon and Mars, there is a continued need for improved tire and vehicle development. When tires or vehicles are being designed for off-road conditions where significant thrust generation is required, such as climbing out of craters on the Moon, it is important to use a standard test method for evaluating their tractive performance. The drawbar pull (DP) test is a way of measuring the net thrust generated by tires or a vehicle with respect to performance metrics such as travel reduction, sinkage, or power efficiency. DP testing may be done using a single tire on a traction rig, or with a set of tires on a vehicle; this report focuses on vehicle DP tests. Though vehicle DP tests have been used for decades, there are no standard procedures that apply to exploration vehicles. This report summarizes previous methods employed, shows the sensitivity of certain test parameters, and provides a body of knowledge for developing standard testing procedures. The focus of this work is on lunar applications, but these test methods can be applied to terrestrial and planetary conditions as well. Section 1.0 of this report discusses the utility of DP testing for off-road vehicle evaluation and the metrics used. Section 2.0 focuses on test-terrain preparation, using the example case of lunar terrain. There is a review of lunar terrain analogs implemented in the past and a discussion on the lunar terrain conditions created at the NASA Glenn Research Center, including methods of evaluating the terrain strength variation and consistency from test to test. Section 3.0 provides details of the vehicle test procedures. These consist of a review of past methods, a comprehensive study on the sensitivity of test parameters, and a summary of the procedures used for DP testing at Glenn.

Identification of residues within the African swine fever virus DP71L protein required for dephosphorylation of translation initiation factor eIF2α and inhibiting activation of pro-apoptotic CHOP

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barber, Claire; Netherton, Chris; Goatley, Lynnett

The African swine fever virus DP71L protein recruits protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) to dephosphorylate the translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) and avoid shut-off of global protein synthesis and downstream activation of the pro-apoptotic factor CHOP. Residues V16 and F18A were critical for binding of DP71L to PP1. Mutation of this PP1 binding motif or deletion of residues between 52 and 66 reduced the ability of DP71L to cause dephosphorylation of eIF2α and inhibit CHOP induction. The residues LSAVL, between 57 and 61, were also required. PP1 was co-precipitated with wild type DP71L and the mutant lacking residues 52- 66 ormore » the LSAVL motif, but not with the PP1 binding motif mutant. The residues in the LSAVL motif play a critical role in DP71L function but do not interfere with binding to PP1. Instead we propose these residues are important for DP71L binding to eIF2α. - Highlights: •The African swine fever virus DP71L protein recruits protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) to dephosphorylate translation initiation factor eIF2α (eIF2α). •The residues V{sup 16}, F{sup 18} of DP71L are required for binding to the α, β and γ isoforms of PP1 and for DP71L function. •The sequence LSAVL downstream from the PP1 binding site (residues 57–61) are also important for DP71L function. •DP71L mutants of the LSAVL sequence retain ability to co-precipitate with PP1 showing these sequences have a different role to PP1 binding.« less

Work ability index and perceived work ability as predictors of disability pension: a prospective study among Finnish municipal employees.

PubMed

Jääskeläinen, Anne; Kausto, Johanna; Seitsamo, Jorma; Ojajärvi, Anneli; Nygård, Clas-Håkan; Arjas, Elja; Leino-Arjas, Päivi

2016-06-01

We analyzed the work ability index (WAI) and its first item (work ability score, WAS) - and subsequent four-year changes thereof - as predictors of disability pension (DP). We linked survey responses of 5251 Finnish municipal employees, aged 44-58 years, to pension and death register data until 2009. Job content (physical, mental, or mixed) was based on observation. Baseline (1981) WAI was divided into poor (<27), moderate (28-36), and good/excellent (>37) and WAS into poor (0-5), moderate (6-7), and good/excellent (8-10). Four-year changes in these scores were classified as strong decline (

Diffusion lengths in irradiated N/P InP-on-Si solar cells

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wojtczuk, Steven; Colerico, Claudia; Summers, Geoffrey P.; Walters, Robert J.; Burke, Edward A.

1996-01-01

Indium phosphide (InP) solar cells were made on silicon (Si) wafers (InP/Si) by to take advantage of both the radiation-hardness properties of the InP solar cell and the light weight and low cost of Si wafers. The InP/Si cell application is for long duration and/or high radiation orbit space missions. Spire has made N/P InP/Si cells of sizes up to 2 cm by 4 cm with beginning-of-life (BOL) AM0 efficiencies over 13% (one-sun, 28C). These InP/Si cells have higher absolute efficiency and power density after a high radiation dose than gallium arsenide (GaAs) or silicon (Si) solar cells after a fluence of about 2e15 1 MeV electrons/sq. cm. In this work, we investigate the minority carrier (electron) base diffusion lengths in the N/P InP/Si cells. A quantum efficiency model was constructed for a 12% BOL AM0 N/P InP/Si cell which agreed well with the absolutely measured quantum efficiency and the sun-simulator measured AM0 photocurrent (30.1 mA/sq. cm). This model was then used to generate a table of AM0 photocurrents for a range of base diffusion lengths. AM0 photocurrents were then measured for irradiations up to 7.7e16 1 MeV electrons/sq. cm (the 12% BOL cell was 8% after the final irradiation). By comparing the measured photocurrents with the predicted photocurrents, base diffusion lengths were assigned at each fluence level. A damage coefficient K of 4e-8 and a starting (unirradiated) base electron diffusion length of 0.8 microns fits the data well. The quantum efficiency was measured again at the end of the experiment to verify that the photocurrent predicted by the model (25.5 mA/sq. cm) agreed with the simulator-measured photocurrent after irradiation (25.7 mA/sq. cm).

Biochemical Principles and Functional Aspects of Pipecolic Acid Biosynthesis in Plant Immunity1[OPEN

PubMed Central

Kim, Denis; Schreiber, Stefan; Zeier, Tatyana; Schuck, Stefan; Reichel-Deland, Vanessa

2017-01-01

The nonprotein amino acid pipecolic acid (Pip) regulates plant systemic acquired resistance and basal immunity to bacterial pathogen infection. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the lysine (Lys) aminotransferase AGD2-LIKE DEFENSE RESPONSE PROTEIN1 (ALD1) mediates the pathogen-induced accumulation of Pip in inoculated and distal leaf tissue. Here, we show that ALD1 transfers the α-amino group of l-Lys to acceptor oxoacids. Combined mass spectrometric and infrared spectroscopic analyses of in vitro assays and plant extracts indicate that the final product of the ALD1-catalyzed reaction is enaminic 2,3-dehydropipecolic acid (DP), whose formation involves consecutive transamination, cyclization, and isomerization steps. Besides l-Lys, recombinant ALD1 transaminates l-methionine, l-leucine, diaminopimelate, and several other amino acids to generate oxoacids or derived products in vitro. However, detailed in planta analyses suggest that the biosynthesis of 2,3-DP from l-Lys is the major in vivo function of ALD1. Since ald1 mutant plants are able to convert exogenous 2,3-DP into Pip, their Pip deficiency relies on the inability to form the 2,3-DP intermediate. The Arabidopsis reductase ornithine cyclodeaminase/μ-crystallin, alias SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE-DEFICIENT4 (SARD4), converts ALD1-generated 2,3-DP into Pip in vitro. SARD4 significantly contributes to the production of Pip in pathogen-inoculated leaves but is not the exclusive reducing enzyme involved in Pip biosynthesis. Functional SARD4 is required for proper basal immunity to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Although SARD4 knockout plants show greatly reduced accumulation of Pip in leaves distal to P. syringae inoculation, they display a considerable systemic acquired resistance response. This suggests a triggering function of locally accumulating Pip for systemic resistance induction. PMID:28330936

Long-term learning of stroke knowledge among children in a high-risk community.

PubMed

Williams, Olajide; DeSorbo, Alexandra; Noble, James; Shaffer, Michele; Gerin, William

2012-08-21

To evaluate the effect of Hip Hop Stroke, a school-based multimedia musical stroke literacy intervention that targets children aged 8-12 in high-risk minority communities, on the long-term learning of stroke knowledge. We enrolled a cohort of 104 fifth and sixth grade children from 2 schools in Central Harlem into a single course of Hip Hop Stroke (3 1-hour classroom sessions, delivered over 3 consecutive days). Tests evaluating knowledge of stroke symptoms and behavioral intent to call 911 using hypothetical stroke scenarios were conducted at baseline, immediately after the intervention, and 15 months after the initial and only intervention. A composite score was created from 5 traditional stroke symptoms plus a distracter (chest pain). Data were analyzed using SAS version 9.2. A total of 104 students completed both pretests (PTs) and immediate posttests (IPs), and 85 students completed all 3 tests, including a 15-month delayed posttest (DP) (81.7% retention rate). At pretest, 55.8% correctly identified calling 911. The baseline composite score was 3.24 (SD 1.45). At IP, stroke knowledge increased significantly across all items: calling 911 (85.6%, p < 0.001) and composite score (5.30, p < 0.0001). At 15 months, stroke knowledge increased significantly from PT for all measures except sudden headache with a composite score of 4.73 (p < 0.0001, PT vs DP). Three hours of Hip Hop Stroke significantly improved knowledge of stroke symptoms and behavioral intent to call 911 of fifth and sixth grade children living in a high stroke risk neighborhood. This learning persisted for up to 15 months postintervention.

The regulatory role of endogenous iron on greenhouse gas emissions under intensive nitrogen fertilization in subtropical soils of China.

PubMed

Han, Jiangpei; Shi, Liangsheng; Wang, Yakun; Chen, Zhuowei; Wu, Laosheng

2018-05-01

Anaerobic batch experiments were conducted to study the regulatory role of endogenous iron in greenhouse gas emissions under intensive nitrogen fertilization in subtropical soils of China. Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ , and NO 3 - -N dynamics and N 2 O, CH 4 , and CO 2 emissions, as well as the relationships between N fertilizer, endogenous iron, and greenhouse gas emissions were investigated. The emissions of N 2 O increased to different extents from all the test soils by N1 (260 mg N kg -1 ) application compared with N0. After 24 days of anaerobic incubation, the cumulative emissions of N 2 O from red soils in De'an (DR) were significantly higher than that from paddy soils in De'an (DP) and Qujialing (QP) under N1. However, N application enhanced CH 4 and CO 2 emissions from the red soils slightly but inhibited the emissions from paddy soils. The maximal CH 4 and CO 2 emission fluxes occurred in DP soil without N input. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that there were significant correlations (P < 0.01) between Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ , NO 3 - -N, (N 2 O + N 2 )-N concentrations in DP soil, implying that Fe 2+ oxidation was coupled with nitrate reduction accompanied by (N 2 O + N 2 )-N emissions and the endogenous iron played a regulatory role in greenhouse gas emissions mainly through the involvement in denitrification. The proportion of the electrons donated by Fe 2+ used for N 2 O production in denitrification in DP soil was approximately 37.53%. Moreover, positive correlations between Fe 2+ and CH 4 , CO 2 were found in both DR and QP soils, suggesting that endogenous iron might regulate the anaerobic decomposition of organic carbon to CH 4 and CO 2 in the two soils. Soil pH was also an important factor controlling greenhouse gas emissions by affecting endogenous iron availability and C and N transformation processes.

Optical properties of Zn-diffused InP layers for the planar-type InGaAs/InP photodetectors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Guifeng; Wang, Mengxue; Yang, Wenxian; Tan, Ming; Wu, Yuanyuan; Dai, Pan; Huang, Yuyang; Lu, Shulong

2017-12-01

Zn diffusion into InP was carried out ex-situ using a new Zn diffusion technique with zinc phosphorus particles placed around InP materials as zinc source in a semi-closed chamber formed by a modified diffusion furnace. The optical characteristics of the Zn-diffused InP layer for the planar-type InGaAs/InP PIN photodetectors grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) has been investigated by photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The temperature-dependent PL spectrum of Zn-diffused InP samples at different diffusion temperatures showed that band-to-acceptor transition dominates the PL emission, which indicates that Zn was commendably diffused into InP layer as the acceptor. High quality Zn-diffused InP layer with typically smooth surface was obtained at 580 °C for 10 min. Furthermore, more interstitial Zn atoms were activated to act as acceptors after a rapid annealing process. Based on the above Zn-diffusion technique, a 50 μm planar-type InGaAs/InP PIN photodector device was fabricated and exhibited a low dark current of 7.73 pA under a reverse bias potential of -5 V and a high breakdown voltage of larger than 41 V (I < 10 μA). In addition, a high responsivity of 0.81 A/W at 1.31 μm and 0.97 A/W at 1.55 μm was obtained in the developed PIN photodetector. Project supported by the Key R&D Program of Jiangsu Province (No. BE2016085) , the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61674051), and the External Cooperation Program of BIC, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. 121E32KYSB20160071).

Prescribed psychiatric medication among multiple sclerosis patients before and after disability pension: a register study with matched controls.

PubMed

Brenner, Philip; Mittendorfer-Rutz, Ellenor; Jokinen, Jussi; Alexanderson, Kristina; Hillert, Jan; Tinghög, Petter

2016-07-01

Many multiple sclerosis (MS) patients of working ages have psychiatric comorbidity, and 60 % are on disability pension (DP). It is unknown how DP is associated with MS patients' mental health. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between prescriptions of psychiatric medication and time before and after receiving full-time DP in MS patients compared with matched controls. Nationwide Swedish registers were used to identify 3836 MS patients who were granted DP in 2000-2012 and 19,180 DP controls matched on socio-demographic variables by propensity scores. Patients and controls were organized in groups by year granted DP. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for being prescribed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), benzodiazepines, or sleeping agents in 2006. Both patients and controls, who were not yet on DP in the study year of 2006, had lower OR compared with those who were granted DP in the same year. The OR increased when being closer to DP. MS patients, who had been granted DP 5-6 years earlier, had a higher risk for prescription of benzodiazepines (OR 1.72; 95 % CI 1.16-2.57) than controls (OR 1.14; 95 % CI 1.14-1.18). These patients also had a higher risk for SSRI prescription when compared directly with controls (OR 1.76; 95 % CI 1.44-2.15). MS patients have substantially higher odds ratios for being prescribed psychiatric drugs after DP than other disability pensioners. Further research on the association of DP with the mental health of MS patients is warranted.

Habitat- and species-dependent accumulation of organohalogen pollutants in home-produced eggs from an electronic waste recycling site in South China: Levels, profiles, and human dietary exposure.

PubMed

Zeng, Yan-Hong; Luo, Xiao-Jun; Tang, Bin; Mai, Bi-Xian

2016-09-01

Organohalogen pollutants (OHPs) including chlorinated paraffins (CPs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and other halogenated flame retardants (OHFRs) (dechlorane plus (DP), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE), hexabromobenzene (HBB), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA)) originating from an e-waste recycling area in Guiyu, southern China were investigated in chicken and goose eggs. As expected, OHP concentrations were higher in chicken eggs collected from the location (site 1) approaching the e-waste recycling center than from the location (site 2) far from the e-waste recycling center. Also, much higher OHP levels were observed in goose eggs foraging in residential area (site 2) than that in agricultural area (site 1), suggesting a clear habitat dependent OHP bioaccumulation pattern both concerning distance from e-waste activities and type of foraging habitat. Goose eggs exhibited higher short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) concentrations but lower PBDE and OHFR levels than chicken eggs. The proportion of high brominated PBDEs (hepta-to deca-BDEs) was lower in goose eggs than that in chicken eggs and showed a clear decrease from site 1 to site 2. DP isomeric composition fanti values (the ratio of the anti-DP to the sum of the anti- and syn-DP) in goose eggs were significantly lower than those in chicken eggs (p < 0.001). These differences are likely a reflection of factors such as the species-specific differences in habitat preference and the differing environmental behaviors of the pollutants owing to their inherent properties (such as solubility and vapor pressure). Our findings suggested a high dietary intake of OHPs via home-produced eggs. For BDE99 there is a potential health concern with respect to the current dietary exposure via eggs. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Influence of adenomyosis on pregnancy and perinatal outcomes in women with endometriosis.

PubMed

Scala, Carolina; Leone Roberti Maggiore, Umberto; Racca, Annalisa; Barra, Fabio; Vellone, Valerio Gaetano; Venturini, Pier Luigi; Ferrero, Simone

2017-12-20

Several studies investigated the correlation between endometriosis and adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. However, the role of adenomyosis as a risk factor for adverse perinatal outcomes in women with endometriosis has yet to be established. The aim of this study was to explore if fetal and maternal outcomes, in particular the incidence of small for gestational age (SGA) infants, are different in pregnant women with endometriosis (E) and the concomitant presence of diffuse (EDA) and focal ademonyosis (EFA). This is a retrospective analysis of a database collected prospectively during a three-year period. We included 206 pregnant women with endometriosis; 148 (71.8%) with E, 38 (18.4%) with EFA and 20 (9.7%) with EDA. Adenomyosis was diagnosed by ultrasonography, it was classified in focal or diffuse. The study included patients who conceived spontaneously or by assisted reproductive techniques. The three groups were similar in demographic characteristics (age, body mass index, mode of conception). Patients with diffuse adenomyosis compared with those with only endometriosis had significantly lower PAPP-A MoM (0.61 vs 0.88 MoM, p<0.001), higher mean uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA PI) in the 1st (2.23 vs 1.67, p<0.001) and 2nd (1.30 vs 0.94, p<0.001) trimester of pregnancy, and higher incidence of SGA (40% vs 10.8%, p<0.001; respectively). No statistically significant difference was found in patients with focal adenomyosis compared to those with only endometriosis. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that diffuse adenomyosis (OR=3.744 CI 95%1.158-12.099; p=0.027) was the only independent risk factors for SGA. The presence of diffuse adenomyosis in pregnant women with endometriosis is is strongly associated with SGA infants. Women with diffuse adenomyosis should be treated as being at high risk of placental dysfunction, therefore, these pregnancies might need a closer monitoring. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Experimental investigation for cavity dimensions of highly porous small bodies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Okamoto, T.; Nakamura, A.; Hasegawa, S.

2014-07-01

Small bodies were probably very porous during the formation of the solar system. In order to understand the surface evolution of highly porous bodies, it is necessary to investigate the impact process for targets with such high porosity. In this study, impact experiments with sintered glass-bead targets of 87 and 94 % porosities were conducted. Growth of cavities with time and the final cavity dimensions were analyzed and compared with previous studies of porous targets. Impact experiments were conducted using a two-stage light-gas gun at ISAS, Japan. The projectiles of a few millimeters were composed of titanium, aluminum, nylon, and basalt. The impact velocities ranged from 1.8 to 7.2 km s^{-1}. In order to observe the inside of the targets, we used a flash X-ray system and a micro-X-ray tomography instrument. The track shape was found to be divided into two types, elongated 'carrot' shape and short 'bulb' shape [1]. The figures on the left and right present a transmission image of the bulb shape track and a sketch of a cross section of the cavity, respectively. The results of the final maximum diameter, D_max and the final entrance-hole diameter, D_ent show that both dimensions tend to increase with impact velocity and decrease with target porosity. We adopted the scaling law of crater diameter [2] for our analysis of D_max and D_ent. The following empirical relations are obtained for targets with porosity ≥ 87 %: {D_max}/{d_p}(ρ_t/ρ_p)^{0.4} =10^{-1.52±0.27} ({Y}/ρ_t{v_0^2})^{-0.49 ± 0.07}, {D_ent}/{d_p}(ρ_t/ρ_p)^{0.4} =10^{-2.12±0.39} ({Y}/ρ_t{v_0^2})^{-0.53 ± 0.11}, where d_p, ρ_t, ρ_p, Y, and v_0 are the projectile diameter, target density, projectile density, target compressive strength, and the impact velocity, respectively. The results of the depth from the entrance hole to the maximum diameter of the cavity, L_max, shows that L_max decreases with impact velocity and increases with target porosity. If we assume that a projectile decelerates by inertial drag [1], the characteristic length L_0, which is the depth from the surface where the kinetic energy of the projectile becomes 1/e of the initial energy, is described as follows: L_0={2ρ_p}/{3C_dρ_t}d_p, where C_d is the drag coefficient that increases with dynamic pressure normalized by tensile strength of the projectile [1]. We found that L_max/d_p increases with L_0/d_p. It indicates that L_max depends on the degree of projectile deformation or disruption through the drag coefficient and also depends on the projectile-target density ratio. We will also discuss the growth of the cavity volume, maximum diameter, and depth of the cavity with time using dimensionless parameters of crater scaling [3].

Use of a free ocean CO₂ enrichment (FOCE) system to evaluate the effects of ocean acidification on the foraging behavior of a deep-sea urchin.

PubMed

Barry, James P; Lovera, Chris; Buck, Kurt R; Peltzer, Edward T; Taylor, Josi R; Walz, Peter; Whaling, Patrick J; Brewer, Peter G

2014-08-19

The influence of ocean acidification in deep-sea ecosystems is poorly understood but is expected to be large because of the presumed low tolerance of deep-sea taxa to environmental change. We used a newly developed deep-sea free ocean CO2 enrichment (dp-FOCE) system to evaluate the potential consequences of future ocean acidification on the feeding behavior of a deep-sea echinoid, the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus fragilis. The dp-FOCE system simulated future ocean acidification inside an experimental enclosure where observations of feeding behavior were performed. We measured the average movement (speed) of urchins as well as the time required (foraging time) for S. fragilis to approach its preferred food (giant kelp) in the dp-FOCE chamber (-0.46 pH units) and a control chamber (ambient pH). Measurements were performed during each of 4 trials (days -2, 2, 24, 27 after CO2 injection) during the month-long period when groups of urchins were continuously exposed to low pH or control conditions. Although urchin speed did not vary significantly in relation to pH or time exposed, foraging time was significantly longer for urchins in the low-pH treatment. This first deep-sea FOCE experiment demonstrated the utility of the FOCE system approach and suggests that the chemosensory behavior of a deep-sea urchin may be impaired by ocean acidification.

Effect of diets containing whole white lupin seeds on rabbit doe milk yield and milk fatty acid composition as well as the growth and health of their litters.

PubMed

Volek, Z; Marounek, M; Volková, L; Kudrnová, E

2014-05-01

The effect of dietary inclusion of white lupin seed (WLS) on the milk composition and yield of rabbit does as well as the performance of their litters was studied. Two lactation diets having identical digestible protein (DP):DE ratio and two weaning diets having identical DP:DE ratio were formulated. The first lactation diet (SL) contained soybean meal (SBM; 13.0%) and sunflower meal (5.0%) as the main CP sources, whereas the second lactation diet (LL) was based on WLS (25.0%). As a result, the LL diet had a greater ether extract (EE) content than did the SL diet. The first weaning diet (SW) included SBM (7.0%) as the main CP source, whereas the second weaning diet (LW) diet was based on WLS (12.0%). No additional fat was added to any of the diets. A total of 32 (16 per treatment) Hyplus PS 19 does (4,225 ± 607 g BW, at the second parturition) were fed 1 of the 2 lactation diets. The litters were standardized to 9 kits (564 ± 81 g BW) on the day of birth and were fed 1 of the 2 weaning diets from d 17 to 69 of age. At d 30 of age (weaning), 66 rabbits on each weaning diet (689 ± 71 g BW; 3 per cage) were used to evaluate performance. Feed intake and doe BW were not affected by the dietary treatments. Milk yield tended to be higher between d 1 and 30 of lactation in does fed the LL diet (P = 0.094), a finding that is related to the higher dietary EE content and intake in the LL diet. When expressed per kilogram of metabolic weight, milk output (P < 0.05) and fat output (P < 0.05) were greater in these does. Improved G:F (P < 0.05) between d 1 and 21 of lactation and greater ADG (P = 0.072) and milk efficiency (P < 0.05) of litters was observed in does fed the LL diet. The milk of does fed the LL diet contained less linoleic acid (P < 0.05) and arachidonic acid (C 20:4n-6; P < 0.05) and more oleic acid (P < 0.05), α-linolenic acid (P < 0.05), and eicosapentaenic acid (P < 0.05), with a corresponding increase in the total PUFA n-3:C 20:4n-6 ratio (P < 0.05). The performance of fattening rabbits was not affected by dietary treatment. The number of ill plus dead rabbits caused by digestive disease was lower (P < 0.05) in rabbits fed the LW diet. Therefore, WLS is a suitable dietary CP source for lactating does that can replace traditionally used CP sources without adverse effects on feed intake and milk yield or on the growth and viability of their litters. Due to its fatty acid (FA) composition, the use of WLS in the lactation diet has the potential to improve the milk FA composition of does.

Summer Study Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics 1989. General Circulation of the Oceans

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-11-01

Description of the Surface Circulation 2.2 A Description of the Interior Circulation 2.3 Formation Sites and Circulation of Deepwater Masses 2.4 Mode...and atmosphere, we have to follow basic laws of physics which lead us to try to solve a series of conservation equations, Mass : Dp*+ P() Du. - , ’ O.j...r~--~)(18) where,= vorticity 0 - 1 Vertically integrated mass conservation gives which leads to T.3) (19) Using the fact that Ro, ;<<I, the lowest

Examining the Roles of the Easterly Wave Critical Layer and Vorticity Accretion During the Tropical Cyclogenesis of Hurricane Sandy

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-01

meridional wind, v = 0). This location 1As in Dunkerton et al. (2009), the term cyclogenesis incorporates all of the dynamic and thermodynamic process that...Lagrangian circulation , and air is repeatedly moistened by convection and protected to some degree from dry air intrusion, which favors a predominantly... meridional component of the wind vector, p is the total pressure, ω is the pressure vertical velocity defined as ω = Dp Dt , and F represents friction and

Associations Between Fibrocytes and Postcontrast Myocardial T1 Times in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

PubMed Central

Fang, Lu; Beale, Anna; Ellims, Andris H.; Moore, Xiao‐lei; Ling, Liang‐han; Taylor, Andrew J.; Chin‐Dusting, Jaye; Dart, Anthony M.

2013-01-01

Background Fibrocytes are bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal progenitors that have been linked to various fibrotic disorders. This study was undertaken to investigate whether fibrocytes are increased in diffuse myocardial fibrosis in humans. Methods and Results Thirty‐seven patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and 20 healthy controls were recruited. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging with postcontrast T1 mapping was performed to non‐invasively quantify diffuse myocardial fibrosis and these patients were classified into 2 groups (T1<470 ms or T1≥470 ms, as likely or unlikely to have diffuse fibrosis, respectively). Circulating fibrocytes (CD45+/CD34+/collagen I+) were measured by flow cytometry. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were cultured for 13 days and fibrocytes were quantitated by flow cytometry (CD45+/collagen I+) and real‐time PCR (gene expression of matrix proteins). Plasma cytokines/chemokines mediating fibrocyte trafficking and differentiation were measured by multiplex assays. Circulating fibrocytes were decreased in HCM patients compared to controls. The proportion of fibrocytes derived from PBMCs was increased in patients with diffuse fibrosis compared with those without or controls (31.1±4.1% versus 18.9±3.9% and 10.9±2.0%, P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively), and the proportion of fibrocytes was inversely correlated with T1 time (r=−0.37, P=0.03). Plasma levels of stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 were elevated in patients with diffuse fibrosis compared with those without or controls (5131±271 pg/mL versus 3893±356 pg/mL and 4172±185 pg/mL, respectively, both P<0.05). Conclusions HCM patients with diffuse fibrosis as assessed by postcontrast T1 mapping have elevated plasma SDF and an enhanced ability of PBMCs to differentiate into fibrocytes, suggesting that fibrocytes may contribute to the pathogenesis of myocardial fibrosis. PMID:24125844

Novel insights into the degradation of β-1,3-glucans by the cellulosome of Clostridium thermocellum revealed by structure and function studies of a family 81 glycoside hydrolase.

PubMed

Kumar, Krishan; Correia, Márcia A S; Pires, Virgínia M R; Dhillon, Arun; Sharma, Kedar; Rajulapati, Vikky; Fontes, Carlos M G A; Carvalho, Ana Luísa; Goyal, Arun

2018-06-02

The family 81 glycoside hydrolase (GH81) from Clostridium thermocellum is a β-1,3-glucanase belonging to cellulosomal complex. The gene encoding GH81 from Clostridium thermocellum (CtLam81A) was cloned and expressed displaying a molecular mass of ~82 kDa. CtLam81A showed maximum activity against laminarin (100 U/mg), followed by curdlan (65 U/mg), at pH 7.0 and 75 °C. CtLam81A displayed K m , 2.1 ± 0.12 mg/ml and V max , 109 ± 1.8 U/mg, against laminarin under optimized conditions. CtLam81A activity was significantly enhanced by Ca 2+ or Mg 2+ ions. Melting curve analysis of CtLam81A showed an increase in melting temperature from 91 °C to 96 °C by Ca 2+ or Mg 2+ ions and decreased to 82 °C by EDTA, indicating that Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions may be involved in catalysis and in maintaining structural integrity. TLC and MALDI-TOF analysis of β-1,3-glucan hydrolysed products released initially, showed β-1,3-glucan-oligosaccharides degree of polymerization (DP) from DP2 to DP7, confirming an endo-mode of action. The catalytically inactive mutant CtLam81A-E515A generated by site-directed mutagenesis was co-crystallized and tetragonal crystals diffracting up to 1.4 Å resolution were obtained. CtLam81A-E515A contained 15 α-helices and 38 β-strands forming a four-domain structure viz. a β-sandwich domain I at N-terminal, an α/β-domain II, an (α/α) 6 barrel domain III, and a small 5-stranded β-sandwich domain IV. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Anti-inflammatory activity and molecular mechanism of delphinidin 3-sambubioside, a Hibiscus anthocyanin.

PubMed

Sogo, Takayuki; Terahara, Norihiko; Hisanaga, Ayami; Kumamoto, Takuma; Yamashiro, Takaaki; Wu, Shusong; Sakao, Kozue; Hou, De-Xing

2015-01-01

Delphinidin 3-sambubioside (Dp3-Sam), a Hibiscus anthocyanin, was isolated from the dried calices of Hibiscus sabdariffa L, which has been used for folk beverages and herbal medicine although the molecular mechanisms are poorly defined. Based on the properties of Dp3-Sam and the information of inflammatory processes, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity and molecular mechanisms in both cell and animal models in the present study. In the cell model, Dp3-Sam and Delphinidin (Dp) reduced the levels of inflammatory mediators including iNOS, NO, IL-6, MCP-1, and TNF-α induced by LPS. Cellular signaling analysis revealed that Dp3-Sam and Dp downregulated NF-κB pathway and MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling. In animal model, Dp3-Sam and Dp reduced the production of IL-6, MCP-1 and TNF-α and attenuated mouse paw edema induced by LPS. Our in vitro and in vivo data demonstrated that Hibiscus Dp3-Sam possessed potential anti-inflammatory properties. © 2015 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.

Vitamin k intake and plasma desphospho-uncarboxylated matrix Gla-protein levels in kidney transplant recipients.

PubMed

Boxma, Paul Y; van den Berg, Else; Geleijnse, Johanna M; Laverman, Gozewijn D; Schurgers, Leon J; Vermeer, Cees; Kema, Ido P; Muskiet, Frits A; Navis, Gerjan; Bakker, Stephan J L; de Borst, Martin H

2012-01-01

Vitamin K is essential for activation of γ-carboxyglutamate (Gla)-proteins including the vascular calcification inhibitor matrix Gla-protein (MGP). Insufficient vitamin K intake leads to production of uncarboxylated, mostly inactive proteins and contributes to an increased cardiovascular risk. In kidney transplant recipients, cardiovascular risk is high but vitamin K intake and status have not been defined. We investigated dietary vitamin K intake, vascular vitamin K status and its determinants in kidney transplant recipients. We estimated vitamin K intake in a cohort of kidney transplant recipients (n = 60) with stable renal function (creatinine clearance 61 [42-77] (median [interquartile range]) ml/min), who were 75 [35-188] months after transplantation, using three-day food records and food frequency questionnaires. Vascular vitamin K status was assessed by measuring plasma desphospho-uncarboxylated MGP (dp-ucMGP). Total vitamin K intake was below the recommended level in 50% of patients. Lower vitamin K intake was associated with less consumption of green vegetables (33 vs 40 g/d, p = 0.06) and increased dp-ucMGP levels (621 vs 852 pmol/L, p<0.05). Accordingly, dp-ucMGP levels were elevated (>500 pmol/L) in 80% of patients. Multivariate regression identified creatinine clearance, coumarin use, body mass index, high sensitivity-CRP and sodium excretion as independent determinants of dp-ucMGP levels. In a considerable part of the kidney transplant population, vitamin K intake is too low for maximal carboxylation of vascular MGP. The high dp-ucMGP levels may result in an increased risk for arterial calcification. Whether increasing vitamin K intake may have health benefits for kidney transplant recipients should be addressed by future studies.

The complete set of spin observables for the (13)C(polarized proton, polarized neutron)(13)N and (15)N(polarized proton, polarized neutron)(15)O reactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Du, Qun Qun

1998-12-01

The 13C(p,n)13N and 15N(p,n)15O reactions have been a puzzle for more than ten years. The ground state transitions are Jπ=1/2- to Jπ=1/2-. These are 'mixed' transitions because they can involve quantum number changes either (/Delta T=1,/ /Delta J=0,/ /Delta/pi=0,/ /Delta S=0), or (/Delta T=1,/ /Delta J=1,/ /Delta/pi=0,/ /Delta S=1); these quantum number changes are refered to as 'Fermi' and 'Gamow-Teller' respectively. Because the quantum number changes are the same as for Fermi and Gamow-Teller beta decay. From the systematics of (p,n) and (n,p) reactions on pure Fermi transitions (e.g. 0 + to 0+) and pure Gamow-Teller transitions (e.g. 0+ to 1+), calibrations have been established of cross section per unit B(F) or unit B(GT), where 'B' refers to doubly reduced matrix elements extracted from beta decay. However, cross sections for the 13C(p,n)13N(g.s.) and 15N(p,n)15O(g.s.) reactions are substantially larger than one would then predict from the known B(F)s and B(GT)s for these transitions. To explore this anomaly, spin observables were used to extract separately the Fermi and Gamow-Teller cross sections for these reactions. To acquire the complete sets of polarization- transfer observables, a new neutron polarimeter was designed, built, commissioned and calibrated. This polarimeter, call the '2π polarimeter' because of its complete azimuthal coverage for scattered neutrons, has very good position and timing resolution (354 ps). The complete sets of spin-transfer coefficients Dij for 13C(p,n)13N (at 0o , 5.5o , and 11o ) and 15N(p,n)15O (at 0o ) at 135 MeV were measured. Following the formalism of Ichimura and Kawahigashi, we extracted the spin-longitudinal, and spin-transverse and spin-independent responses D0,/ Dq,/ Dn and Dp from the measured Dijs. The F and GT fractions of the (p,n) cross sections are then extracted as f F=D0 and fGT=Dn+Dp+Dq=1- d0. Values of Dk for both the 13C(p,n)13N(g.s) and 15N(p,n)15O(g.s.) were extracted. From these responses, we extracted. From these responses, we extracted fGT and fF, the GT and Fermi fractions for these transitions in a model-independent fashion. Values for FGT extracted by another group at other beam energies in a model-dependent manner from DNN/sp' alone, are in good agreement with our model-independent values. These results were also compared with the empirical energy-dependence of ratio of σtau to τ strength for the (p,n) reaction extracted primarily from even-A targets. Our measured values of fGT are typically 10% larger than predicted from β-decay matrix elements and even-A (p,n) systematics. Since the cross sections for these transitions are anomalously large, this suggests that the GT strength in these transitions is ~50% larger than expected from β-decay and even-A (p,n) systematics. The measured values of Dk and cross sections for the 13C(p,n)13N(g.s) transition were compared with the DWIA calculations, where modest agreement was achieved.

Mechanochemical Phosphorylation and Solubilisation of β-D-Glucan from Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Its Biological Activities

PubMed Central

Shi, Feng; Shi, Jikui; Li, Yongfu

2014-01-01

To obtain a water-soluble β-D-glucan derivative cleanly and conveniently, a highly efficient mechanochemical method, planetary ball milling, was used to phosphorylate β-D-glucan isolated from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in solid state. Soluble β-D-glucan phosphate (GP) with a high degree of substitution (0.77–2.09) and an apparent PEAK molecular weight of 6.6–10.0 kDa was produced when β-D-glucan was co-milled with sodium hexametaphosphate at 139.5–186.0 rad/s for 12–20 min. The energy transferred was 3.03–11.98 KJ/g. The phosphorylation of GPs was demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 13C and 31P Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Three GP products with different degree of substitution (DS) and degree of polymerisation (DP) were able to upregulate the functional events mediated by activated murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells, among which GP-2 with a DS of 1.24 and DP of 30.5 exerted the highest immunostimulating activity. Our results indicate that mechanochemical processing is an efficient method for preparing water-soluble and biologically active GP with high DS. PMID:25075740

The effect of dosing regimens on the antimalarial efficacy of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine: a pooled analysis of individual patient data.

PubMed

2013-12-01

Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) is increasingly recommended for antimalarial treatment in many endemic countries; however, concerns have been raised over its potential under dosing in young children. We investigated the influence of different dosing schedules on DP's clinical efficacy. A systematic search of the literature was conducted to identify all studies published between 1960 and February 2013, in which patients were enrolled and treated with DP. Principal investigators were approached and invited to share individual patient data with the WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN). Data were pooled using a standardised methodology. Univariable and multivariable risk factors for parasite recrudescence were identified using a Cox's regression model with shared frailty across the study sites. Twenty-four published and two unpublished studies (n = 7,072 patients) were included in the analysis. After correcting for reinfection by parasite genotyping, Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were 97.7% (95% CI 97.3%-98.1%) at day 42 and 97.2% (95% CI 96.7%-97.7%) at day 63. Overall 28.6% (979/3,429) of children aged 1 to 5 years received a total dose of piperaquine below 48 mg/kg (the lower limit recommended by WHO); this risk was 2.3-2.9-fold greater compared to that in the other age groups and was associated with reduced efficacy at day 63 (94.4% [95% CI 92.6%-96.2%], p<0.001). After adjusting for confounding factors, the mg/kg dose of piperaquine was found to be a significant predictor for recrudescence, the risk increasing by 13% (95% CI 5.0%-21%) for every 5 mg/kg decrease in dose; p = 0.002. In a multivariable model increasing the target minimum total dose of piperaquine in children aged 1 to 5 years old from 48 mg/kg to 59 mg/kg would halve the risk of treatment failure and cure at least 95% of patients; such an increment was not associated with gastrointestinal toxicity in the ten studies in which this could be assessed. DP demonstrates excellent efficacy in a wide range of transmission settings; however, treatment failure is associated with a lower dose of piperaquine, particularly in young children, suggesting potential for further dose optimisation.

Superthermal (0.5- 100 keV) Electrons near the ICME-driven shocks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, L.; Wang, L.; Li, G.; Tao, J.; He, J.; Tu, C.

2016-12-01

We present a survey of the 0.5 - 100 keV electrons associated with ICME-driven shocks at 1 AU, using the WIND/3DP electron measurements from 1995 to 2014. We select 66 good ICME-driven shocks, and use the "Rankine-Hugoniot" shock fitting technique to obtain the shock normal, shock velocity Vs, shock compression ratio r and magnetosonic Mach number Ms. We average the electron data in the 1-hour interval immediately after the shock front to obtain the sheath electron fluxes and in the 4-hour quiet-time interval before the shock to obtain the pre-event electron fluxes. Then we subtract the pre-event electron fluxes from the sheath electron fluxes to obtain the enhanced electron fluxes at the shock. We find that the enhanced electron fluxes are positively correlated with Vs and Ms, and generally fit well to a double power-law spectrum, J E-β. At 0.5 - 2 keV, the fitted spectral index β1 ranges from 2.1 to 5.9, negatively correlated with r and Ms. At 2 - 100 keV, the fitted index β2 is smaller than β1, with values ( 1.9 to 3.4) similar to the spectral indexes of quiet-time superhalo electrons in the solar wind. β2 shows no obvious correlation with r and Ms. Neither of β1 or β2 is in agreement with the diffusive shock theoretical predication. These results suggest that electron acceleration by interplanetary shocks may be more significant at a few keVs and the interplanetary shock acceleration can contribute to the production of solar wind superhalo electrons. However, a revision of the diffusive shock acceleration theory would be needed for the electron acceleration.

Plateletpheresis efficiency and mathematical correction of software-derived platelet yield prediction: A linear regression and ROC modeling approach.

PubMed

Jaime-Pérez, José Carlos; Jiménez-Castillo, Raúl Alberto; Vázquez-Hernández, Karina Elizabeth; Salazar-Riojas, Rosario; Méndez-Ramírez, Nereida; Gómez-Almaguer, David

2017-10-01

Advances in automated cell separators have improved the efficiency of plateletpheresis and the possibility of obtaining double products (DP). We assessed cell processor accuracy of predicted platelet (PLT) yields with the goal of a better prediction of DP collections. This retrospective proof-of-concept study included 302 plateletpheresis procedures performed on a Trima Accel v6.0 at the apheresis unit of a hematology department. Donor variables, software predicted yield and actual PLT yield were statistically evaluated. Software prediction was optimized by linear regression analysis and its optimal cut-off to obtain a DP assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) modeling. Three hundred and two plateletpheresis procedures were performed; in 271 (89.7%) occasions, donors were men and in 31 (10.3%) women. Pre-donation PLT count had the best direct correlation with actual PLT yield (r = 0.486. P < .001). Means of software machine-derived values differed significantly from actual PLT yield, 4.72 × 10 11 vs.6.12 × 10 11 , respectively, (P < .001). The following equation was developed to adjust these values: actual PLT yield= 0.221 + (1.254 × theoretical platelet yield). ROC curve model showed an optimal apheresis device software prediction cut-off of 4.65 × 10 11 to obtain a DP, with a sensitivity of 82.2%, specificity of 93.3%, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.909. Trima Accel v6.0 software consistently underestimated PLT yields. Simple correction derived from linear regression analysis accurately corrected this underestimation and ROC analysis identified a precise cut-off to reliably predict a DP. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.