PCS: a pallet costing system for wood pallet manufacturers (version 1.0 for Windows®)

Treesearch

A. Jefferson, Jr. Palmer; Cynthia D. West; Bruce G. Hansen; Marshall S. White; Hal L. Mitchell

2002-01-01

The Pallet Costing System (PCS) is a computer-based, Microsoft Windows® application that computes the total and per-unit cost of manufacturing an order of wood pallets. Information about the manufacturing facility, along with the pallet-order requirements provided by the customer, is used in determining production cost. The major cost factors addressed by PCS...

Wood Pallets and Landfills - Status and Opportunities for Economic Recovery and Recycling

Treesearch

Philip A. Araman; Robert J. Bush; A.L. Hammett; E. Brad Hager

1998-01-01

Wood pallet recovery, repair, and recycling are sound environmental activities that can reduce both forest resource demands and waste in landfills. Our studies found that 6.16 million tons of wood pallets (or 223.6 million pallets) entered municipal solid waste (MSW) and construction and demolition (C&D) landfill facilities in 1995. At the same time, wood pallet...

Recycling behind most growth in pallet production

Treesearch

J. Bejune; R. Bush; Philip A. Araman; B. Hansen; D. Cumbo

2002-01-01

This study investigated wood use trends in the U.S. pallet and container industry. The report estimates new wood use by pallet and container manufacturers, assesses wood pallet recovery and uses for recovered material, and identifies trends in new and recovered wood use by the industry. A census of the U.S. pallet and container industry was attempted and data were...

Impact of release dynamics of laser-irradiated polymer micropallets on the viability of selected adherent cells

PubMed Central

Ma, Huan; Mismar, Wael; Wang, Yuli; Small, Donald W.; Ras, Mat; Allbritton, Nancy L.; Sims, Christopher E.; Venugopalan, Vasan

2012-01-01

We use time-resolved interferometry, fluorescence assays and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to examine the viability of confluent adherent cell monolayers to selection via laser microbeam release of photoresist polymer micropallets. We demonstrate the importance of laser microbeam pulse energy and focal volume position relative to the glass–pallet interface in governing the threshold energies for pallet release as well as the pallet release dynamics. Measurements using time-resolved interferometry show that increases in laser pulse energy result in increasing pallet release velocities that can approach 10 m s−1 through aqueous media. CFD simulations reveal that the pallet motion results in cellular exposure to transient hydrodynamic shear stress amplitudes that can exceed 100 kPa on microsecond timescales, and which produces reduced cell viability. Moreover, CFD simulation results show that the maximum shear stress on the pallet surface varies spatially, with the largest shear stresses occurring on the pallet periphery. Cell viability of confluent cell monolayers on the pallet surface confirms that the use of larger pulse energies results in increased rates of necrosis for those cells situated away from the pallet centre, while cells situated at the pallet centre remain viable. Nevertheless, experiments that examine the viability of these cell monolayers following pallet release show that proper choices for laser microbeam pulse energy and focal volume position lead to the routine achievement of cell viability in excess of 90 per cent. These laser microbeam parameters result in maximum pallet release velocities below 6 m s−1 and cellular exposure of transient hydrodynamic shear stresses below 20 kPa. Collectively, these results provide a mechanistic understanding that relates pallet release dynamics and associated transient shear stresses with subsequent cellular viability. This provides a quantitative, mechanistic basis for determining optimal operating conditions for laser microbeam-based pallet release systems for the isolation and selection of adherent cells. PMID:22158840

Impact of release dynamics of laser-irradiated polymer micropallets on the viability of selected adherent cells.

PubMed

Ma, Huan; Mismar, Wael; Wang, Yuli; Small, Donald W; Ras, Mat; Allbritton, Nancy L; Sims, Christopher E; Venugopalan, Vasan

2012-06-07

We use time-resolved interferometry, fluorescence assays and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to examine the viability of confluent adherent cell monolayers to selection via laser microbeam release of photoresist polymer micropallets. We demonstrate the importance of laser microbeam pulse energy and focal volume position relative to the glass-pallet interface in governing the threshold energies for pallet release as well as the pallet release dynamics. Measurements using time-resolved interferometry show that increases in laser pulse energy result in increasing pallet release velocities that can approach 10 m s(-1) through aqueous media. CFD simulations reveal that the pallet motion results in cellular exposure to transient hydrodynamic shear stress amplitudes that can exceed 100 kPa on microsecond timescales, and which produces reduced cell viability. Moreover, CFD simulation results show that the maximum shear stress on the pallet surface varies spatially, with the largest shear stresses occurring on the pallet periphery. Cell viability of confluent cell monolayers on the pallet surface confirms that the use of larger pulse energies results in increased rates of necrosis for those cells situated away from the pallet centre, while cells situated at the pallet centre remain viable. Nevertheless, experiments that examine the viability of these cell monolayers following pallet release show that proper choices for laser microbeam pulse energy and focal volume position lead to the routine achievement of cell viability in excess of 90 per cent. These laser microbeam parameters result in maximum pallet release velocities below 6 m s(-1) and cellular exposure of transient hydrodynamic shear stresses below 20 kPa. Collectively, these results provide a mechanistic understanding that relates pallet release dynamics and associated transient shear stresses with subsequent cellular viability. This provides a quantitative, mechanistic basis for determining optimal operating conditions for laser microbeam-based pallet release systems for the isolation and selection of adherent cells.

Changes and Trends in the Pallet Industry: Recovery and Recycling

Treesearch

Robert J. Bush; Philip A. Araman

1998-01-01

In the first article of this three-part series we described trends in the use of new wood materials for pallets and containers. These trends support the belief that new pallet production in recent years has been level or perhaps slightly decreasing while the demand for pallets continues to grow. This gap has resulted, in part, from increased recovery of used pallets...

Recycling Growth Reducing Pallet Industry's Need for New Wood

Treesearch

Robert J. Bush; Philip A. Araman

1997-01-01

This is the second part of a two-part article. In 1994, the authors reported in the Pallet Enterprise on their study of new and recovered wood use for pallets and containers. In part one of this article, published in September's Pallet Enterprise, they reported on the results of a new survey in 1996 of new wood use by the pallet and container industry, comparing...

Fewer pallets reaching landfills, more are processed for recovery

Treesearch

Robert J. Bush; Daryl T. Corr; Philip A. Araman

2001-01-01

The Virginia Tech Center for Forest Products Marketing and Management estimates that the pallet industry received 171 million pallets in 1995 (containing 2.6 billion board feet of wood) for the purpose of reuse and recycling. We estimate that this figure grew to just short of 300 million pallets in 1999. This means that over one-third of the material used for pallets...

Use of New Wood Material for Pallets, Containers is Stagnant to Declining

Treesearch

Robert J. Bush; Philip A. Araman

1997-01-01

In 1994, the authors reported in the Pallet Enterprise on their study of new and recovered wood use for pallets and containers. In this article they report on the results of a new survey in 1996 of new wood use by the pallet and container industry, comparing the latest results to previous studies. Their research is based on a study of 2,600 wooden pallet and container...

Application of Ultrasound Nondestructive Evaluation to Grading Pallet Parts

Treesearch

Daniel L. Schmoldt; John C. Duke; Michael Morrone; Chris M. Jennings

1994-01-01

Building high quality pallets makes pallets easier to repair and increases their longevity. To obtain the high quality parts necessary to build durable pallets requires grading and sorting by an automated inspection system. Ultrasonic sensing was selected for this application because (1) it is relatively inexpensive, (2) it can penetrate and characterize internal...

Flexural Properties of Eastern Hardwood Pallet Parts

Treesearch

John A. McLeod; Marshall S. White; Paul A. Ifju; Philip A. Araman

1991-01-01

Accurate estimates of the flexural properties of pallet parts are critical to the safe, yet efficient, design of wood pallets. To develop more accurate data for hardwood pallet parts, 840 stringers and 2,520 deckboards, representing 14 hardwood species, were sampled from 35 mills distributed throughout the Eastern United States. The parts were sorted by species,...

PROACT user's guide: how to use the pallet recovery opportunity analysis computer tool

Treesearch

E. Bradley Hager; A.L. Hammett; Philip A. Araman

2003-01-01

Pallet recovery projects are environmentally responsible and offer promising business opportunities. The Pallet Recovery Opportunity Analysis Computer Tool (PROACT) assesses the operational and financial feasibility of potential pallet recovery projects. The use of project specific information supplied by the user increases the accuracy and the validity of the...

Repaired Pallets May Be Stronger Than the Original

Treesearch

John W. Clarke; Marshall S. White; T.E. McLain; Philip A. Araman

1995-01-01

Stringer-style pallets are often notched to permit 4-way entry with forklift tines. Splits often occur around these stringer notches, significantly reducing the strength and durability of the pallet. Pallet stringer repair has traditionally involved replacement of the damaged stringer with a new stringer or support of the damaged stringer with various size companion...

Recycling In The U.S. Pallet Industry: 1993

Treesearch

Bruce G. Hansen; Robert Bush; John Punches; Philip A. Araman

1995-01-01

This report provides the details of a study which investigated pallet recycling activity in the United States pallet industry (Standard Industrial Classification 2448) during 1993. The study was conducted by the Center for Forest Products Marketing at Virginia Tech and replicates a similar study that investigated pallet recycling during 1992. The report provides the...

The pallet industry: a changing hardwood market

Treesearch

G.P. Dempsey; D.G. Martens

1991-01-01

From its inception during World War II, the wooden pallet industry has grown to become the Nation's largest industrial consumer of hardwood lumber products. Since most of the raw material in wooden pallets is lower grade lumber, the pallet industry's growth, efficiency, and changing raw material inputs must be of concern to the grade hardwood lumber industry...

Reinforcement of Wood Pallets with Metal Connector Plates

Treesearch

John W. Clarke; Thomas E. McLain; Marshall S. White; Philip A. Araman

1993-01-01

Reinforcement of the damage-prone areas of wood pallet stringers with metal connector plates (MCPs) may increase useful pallet life or permit use of less desirable wood species. This will improve the utilization of our timber resources and landfill space. Whole pallets and individual stringers, reinforced at the inner notches, were tested in static bending. Stringer...

Controlling mold on wood Pallets

Treesearch

Carol A. Clausen

2012-01-01

THE WOOD PALLET AND CONTAINER INDUSTRY CONSUMES 4.5 billion board feet (BBF) of hardwoods and 1.8 BBF of softwoods for the annual production of 400-500 million solid wood pallets. While alternative materials such as plastic, corrugated paperboard and metal have entered the market, solid wood remains the material of choice for a majority of pallets on the market (more...

Time domain ultrasonic signal characterization for defects in thin unsurfaced hardwood lumber

Treesearch

Mohammed F. Kabir; Daniel L. Schmoldt; Mark E. Schafer

2002-01-01

One of the major users of thin, unsurfaced hardwood lumber is the pallet manufacturing industry. Almost all manufactured products spend part of their life cycle on a pallet during transportation. This makes pallets a critical component of both the transportation and manufacturing sectors of the economy. Many newly constructed wooden pallets, however, are not currently...

The effects of operator position, pallet orientation, and palletizing condition on low back loads in manual bag palletizing operations

PubMed Central

Gallagher, Sean; Heberger, John R.

2015-01-01

Many mining commodities are packaged and shipped using bags. Small bags are typically loaded onto pallets for transport and require a significant amount of manual handling by workers. This specific task of manual bag handling has been associated with the development of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), especially low back disorders. This study evaluates the biomechanical demands of different work layouts when performing manual palletizing of small bags, and evaluates the biomechanical stresses associated with different stacking techniques. Results indicate that peak forward bending moments as well as spinal compression and shear forces are higher when the pallet is situated at the side of the conveyor as opposed to the end of the conveyor. At low levels of the pallet, controlled bag placement results in higher peak forward bending moments than stacking at higher levels and when dropping the bag to lower levels. The results of this study will be used to inform the development of an audit tool for bagging operations in the mining industry. Relevance to industry In many cases for workers loading small bags, compression forces exceed the NIOSH criterion of 3400 N. Orientation of the pallet has a significant impact on spinal compression, and positioning the pallet at the end of the conveyor reduces the estimated compressive loading on the lumbar spine by approximately 800 N. PMID:26190879

Wood used in pallets manufactured in the United States, 1982

Treesearch

D. B. McKeever; D. R. McCurdy; F. H. Kung; J. T. Ewers

This paper reports results of a cooperative study by the USDA Forest Service, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, and Tuskegee Institute. The study was designed to provide statistically reliable information on national and regional use of wood in pallets, by species and pallet type. An estimated 17 fbm of wood was required to produce a finished pallet; the...

New PDS will predict performance of pallets made with used parts

Treesearch

John W. Clarke; Marshall S. White; Philip A. Araman

2001-01-01

The Pallet Design System (PDS) is a computer design program developed by Virginia Tech, the National Wooden Pallet & Container Association, and the U.S. Forest Service to quickly and accurately predict the performance of new wood pallets. PDS has been upgraded annually since its original version in 1984. All of the previous upgrades, however, have continued to...

Pallet Users State Their Preferences For Used Pallets - Companion Stringers Cited as Biggest

Treesearch

Robert J. Bush; Ronen Roudik; Philip A. Araman

1995-01-01

A study recently completed by VA Tech in Blacksburg, VA, found that half companion stringers have the greatest negative impact on purchasers of used pallets, followed by split deckboards, protruding nails, and full companion stringers. Repairs using metal plates had relatively little affect on the value of the pallet. The study provides new information concerning the...

Quality distribution of pallet parts from low-grade lumber

Treesearch

Hollis R. Large; Richard E. Frost

1974-01-01

To produce better pallets, the higher quality parts should be used in the more vulnerable positions in the pallet. To determine the feasibility of doing this, pallet parts cut from commonly used lumber mixes were graded into four quality levels. The distributions obtained indicate that sufficient numbers of high-quality parts can be cut from existing raw material to...

Performance of pallet parts recovered from used wood pallets

Treesearch

John W. Clarke; Marshall S. White; Philip A. Araman

2001-01-01

The flexural modulus of elasticity (MOE), flexural modulus of rupture (MOR), and density of used pallet parts were measured and compared to the same properties of new parts. Seventy-four percent of used pallet parts sampled were hardwoods, and 26 percent were softwoods. The average mixed hardwood parts were 41 percent stronger and 40 percent stiffer than the mixed...

The Use of New and Recycled Wood Materials by the Pallet Industry

Treesearch

Robert J. Bush; Eric Hansen; Philip A. Araman

1995-01-01

Few people would argue with the statement that interest in pallet recycling has increased in the last few years. Several trends have lead to this increased interest. First, increased awareness of the environment and activities that affect the environment has caused a previously unconcerned public to ask: What happens to all those pallets? Many pallet producers,...

An econometric model of the U.S. pallet market

Treesearch

Albert T. Schuler; Walter B. Wallin

1979-01-01

A need for quantitative information on demand and price has been expressed by the pallet industry. In response to this, an econometric model of the aggregate U.S. pallet market was developed. Demand was found to be affected by real pallet price, industrial and food production levels, and slipsheet prices. Supply was affected by real price, housing starts lagged 1 year...

A classification system for predicting pallet part quality from hardwood cants

Treesearch

E. Paul Craft; Kenneth R., Jr. Whitenack

1982-01-01

Producers who manufacture pallet parts from hardwood cants generally must purchase cants on the basis of existing structural timber grades that do not adequately reflect the quality of pallet parts produced from resawed cants. A system for classifying cants for pallet part production has been developed that more accurately reflects the parts grade mix that can be...

Ultrasonic defect detection in wooden pallet parts for quality sorting

Treesearch

Daniel L. Schmoldt; Robert J. Ross; Robert M. Nelson

1996-01-01

Millions of wooden pallets are discarded annually due to damage or because their low cost makes them readily disposable. Higher quality wooden pallets, however, can be built from high quality deckboards and stringers, and have a much longer life cycle and a lower cost per trip. The long-term goal of this project is to develop an automated pallet part inspection system...

Ultrasonic Defect Detection in Wooden Pallet Parts for Quality Sorting

Treesearch

Daniel L. Schmoldt; Robert M. Nelson; Robert J. Ross

1996-01-01

Millions of wooden pallets are discarded annually due to damage or because their low cost makes them readily disposable. Higher quality wooden pallets, however, can be built from high quality deckboards and stringers, and have a much longer life cycle and a lower cost per trip. The long-term goal of this project is to develop an automated pallet part inspection system...

Changes and Trends in the Pallet Industry: Alternative Materials and Industry Structure

Treesearch

Robert J. Bush; Philip A. Araman

1998-01-01

In the first article of this three-part series we described trends in the use of new wood materials for pallets and containers. The second article described changes in pallet recovery and recycling. In this third article, we describe alternative (i.e., other than solid wood) materials used to manufacture pallets as well as changes in the structure of the industry....

Lumber and panel products consumption for packaging and shipping in the United States, perspective for the 1980`s

Treesearch

D. B. McKeever; H. E. Dickerhoof

Trends in demand for lumber and panel products in packaging and materials handling are examined both for the past and the future. Effects of recent technological developments and innovations such as molded particleboard pallets, medium-density fiberboard pallets, and plywood pallets, are analyzed. Increased use of pallets is seen as the main reason for the expected...

Pallet part and cant evaluation for grading and processing using high-speed ultrasound

Treesearch

M. Firoz Kabir; Philip A. Araman; Mark Schafer

2003-01-01

This paper presented the results of several years of testing the use of ultrasound to find structural defects in pallet parts and pallet cants used to produce pallet parts. To determine the magnitude of unsound defects, we inspected full length cants from seven saw mills from Virginia and West Virginia. Split, wane, shake, holes, decay, unsound knots, bark pocket, and...

Process methods and levels of automation of wood pallet repair in the United States

Treesearch

Jonghun Park; Laszlo Horvath; Robert J. Bush

2016-01-01

This study documented the current status of wood pallet repair in the United States by identifying the types of processing and equipment usage in repair operations from an automation prespective. The wood pallet repair firms included in the sudy received an average of approximately 1.28 million cores (i.e., used pallets) for recovery in 2012. A majority of the cores...

Landfills potential source for cores -- computer model analyzes landfills for on-site recycling operations

Treesearch

Philip A. Araman; R.J. Bush; E.B. Hager; A.L. Hammett

1999-01-01

Are you having trouble finding enough used pallet cores? Do you have trouble finding more than one reliable source of used pallet parts? Have you ever considered your local landfill as a "source?" In 1995, more pallets ended up in landfills that at pallet recovery-repair companies. Virginia Tech and the U.S. Forest Service have developed a business plan...

Pallet recovery, repair and remanufacturing in a changing industry: 1992 to 2006

Treesearch

Philip Araman; Les Groom

2010-01-01

In a previously published Pallet Enterprise article (Material Use and Production Changes in the U.S. Wood Pallet and Container Industry: 1992 to 2006, June 2009), we provided the results of a series of studies that investigated the use of new wood by the pallet and container industry. As we mentioned in the article, the use of new wood is only one of the changes in raw...

The influence of package size and flute type of corrugated boxes on load bridging in unit loads

Treesearch

Jonghun Park; Laszlo Horvath; Marshall S. White; Samantha Phanthanousy; Philip Araman; Robert J. Bush

2017-01-01

Shipping pallets often are designed with the assumption that the payload carried is flexible and uniformly distributed on the pallet surface. However, packages on the pallet can act as a series of discrete loads, and the physical interactions among the packages can add stiffness to the pallet/load combination. The term ‘load bridging’ has been used to describe this...

Expandable pallet for space station interface attachments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wesselski, Clarence J. (Inventor)

1988-01-01

Described is a foldable expandable pallet for Space Station interface attachments with a basic square configuration. Each pallet consists of a series of struts joined together by node point fittings to make a rigid structure. The struts have hinge fittings which are spring loaded to permit collapse of the module for stowage transport to a Space Station in the payload bay of the Space Shuttle, and development on orbit. Dimensions of the pallet are selected to provide convenient, closely spaced attachment points between the node points of the relatively widely spaced trusses of a Space Station platform. A pallet is attached to a strut at four points: one close fitting hole, two oversize holes, and a slot to allow for thermal expansion/contraction and for manufacturing tolerances. Applications of the pallet include its use in rotary or angular joints; servicing of splints; with gridded plates; as instrument mounting bases; and as a roadbed for a Mobile Service Center (MSC).

Effect of initial moisture content on performance of hardwood pallets.

Treesearch

Daniel E. Dunmire

1966-01-01

Four years of service testing 90 red oak pallets showed that those made with predrilled air-dry deckboards and green stringers gave better service and cost less to maintain than pallets made entirely from either green or air-dry lumber.

Wood pallets wasted no more

Treesearch

J. D. Piland

2004-01-01

A consortium of national and Southeast regional agencies took almost two years perfecting a new use for discarded wooden pallets. And as of the beginning of July, 2004, Oaks Unlimited of Waynesville, NC, became the first company to employ the pallet-to-hardwood flooring process.

Platform Design for Fleet-Level Efficiency

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-10-21

pallet capacity aircraft that takes advantage of the low pallet demand in the network. In this example, the smaller pallet capacity aircraft operates with...Kopp, K. W. (2004). Improvement of Air Mobility Command airlift scheduling (No. AFIT/ GMO /ENS/04I-01). Wright-Patterson AFB, OH: Air Force Institute

Municipal Solid Waste Landfills and Wood Pallets - What's Happening in the United States

Treesearch

Philip A. Araman; Robert J. Bush; Vijay S. Reddy

1997-01-01

This article on pallet disposal and Municipal Solid Waste sites includes material presented by Dr. Bush at the recent NWPCA Recycling Meeting. This is the first in a two-part series; the second discusses pallet disposal in construction and demolition sites.

Integrated payload and mission planning, phase 3. Volume 4: Optimum utilization of Spacelab racks and pallets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Logston, R. G.; Budris, G. D.

1977-01-01

The methodology to optimize the utilization of Spacelab racks and pallets and to apply this methodology to the early STS Spacelab missions was developed. A review was made of Spacelab Program requirements and flow plans, generic flow plans for racks and pallets were examined, and the principal optimization criteria and methodology were established. Interactions between schedule, inventory, and key optimization factors; schedule and cost sensitivity to optional approaches; and the development of tradeoff methodology were addressed. This methodology was then applied to early spacelab missions (1980-1982). Rack and pallet requirements and duty cycles were defined, a utilization assessment was made, and several trade studies performed involving varying degrees of Level IV integration, inventory level, and shared versus dedicated Spacelab racks and pallets.

Portable pallet weighing apparatus

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Day, R. M. (Inventor)

1984-01-01

An assembly for use with several like units in weighing the mass of a loaded cargo pallet supported by its trunnions has a bridge frame for positioning the assembly on a transportation frame carrying the pallet while straddling one trunnion of the pallet and its trunnion lock, and a cradle assembly for incrementally raising the trunnion. The mass at the trunnion is carried as a static load by a slidable bracket mounted upon the bridge frame for supporting the cradle assembly. The bracket applies the static loading to an electrical load cell symmetrically positioned between the bridge frame and the bracket. The static loading compresses the load cell, causing a slight deformation and a potential difference at load cell terminals which is proportional in amplitude to the mass of the pallet at the trunnion.

Researchers propose single grade rule for evaluating hardwood pallet cants

Treesearch

Hal Mitchell; Marshall White; Philip Araman; Peter Hamner

2008-01-01

In "price taker" markets, successful businesses are the low cost producers, and pallet manufacturers are no exception. The single largest cost component of pallet manufacturing is raw material costs. Cants and lumber typically account for over 60% of operating costs. In the last three decades, cants have replaced lumber as the primary raw...

Pallets: A Growing Source of Recycled Wood

Treesearch

Robert J. Bush; Vijay S. Reddy; Philip A. Araman

1997-01-01

Considerable volumes of solid hardwoods, solid softwoods, and wood panels are used to manufacture pallets and containers in the United States. Increasing quantities of these materials are recovered from the waste stream for reuse and recycling. Two important groups involved in this recovery and recycling are firms in the pallet industry (SIC 2448) and landfill...

HESTIA Commodities Exchange Pallet and Sounding Rocket Test Stand

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chaparro, Javier

2013-01-01

During my Spring 2016 internship, my two major contributions were the design of the Commodities Exchange Pallet and the design of a test stand for a 100 pounds-thrust sounding rocket. The Commodities Exchange Pallet is a prototype developed for the Human Exploration Spacecraft Testbed for Integration and Advancement (HESTIA) program. Under the HESTIA initiative the Commodities Exchange Pallet was developed as a method for demonstrating multi-system integration thru the transportation of In-Situ Resource Utilization produced oxygen and water to a human habitat. Ultimately, this prototype's performance will allow for future evaluation of integration, which may lead to the development of a flight capable pallet for future deep-space exploration missions. For HESTIA, my main task was to design the Commodities Exchange Pallet system to be used for completing an integration demonstration. Under the guidance of my mentor, I designed, both, the structural frame and fluid delivery system for the commodities pallet. The fluid delivery system includes a liquid-oxygen to gaseous-oxygen system, a water delivery system, and a carbon-dioxide compressors system. The structural frame is designed to meet safety and transportation requirements, as well as the ability to interface with the ER division's Portable Utility Pallet. The commodities pallet structure also includes independent instrumentation oxygen/water panels for operation and system monitoring. My major accomplishments for the commodities exchange pallet were the completion of the fluid delivery systems and the structural frame designs. In addition, parts selection was completed in order to expedite construction of the prototype, scheduled to begin in May of 2016. Once the commodities pallet is assembled and tested it is expected to complete a fully integrated transfer demonstration with the ISRU unit and the Environmental Control and Life Support System test chamber in September of 2016. In addition to the development of the Commodities Exchange Pallet, I also assisted in preparation for testing the upper stage of a sounding rocket developed as a Center Innovation Fund project. The main objective of this project is to demonstrate the integration between a propulsion system and a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The upper stage and SOFC are scheduled to complete an integrated test in August of 2016. As part of preparation for scheduled testing, I was responsible for designing the upper stage's test stand/support structure and main engine plume deflector to be used during hot-fire testing (fig. 3). The structural components of the test stand need to meet safety requirements for operation of the propulsion system, which consist of a 100 pounds-thrust main engine and two 15 pounds-thrust reaction control thrusters. My main accomplishment for this project was the completion of the design and the parts selection for construction of the structure, scheduled to begin late April of 2016.

Classifying defects in pallet stringers by ultrasonic scanning

Treesearch

Mohammed F. Kabir; Daniel L. Schmoldt; Philip A. Araman; Mark E. Schafer; Sang-Mook Lee

2003-01-01

Detecting and classifying defects are required to grade and sort pallet parts. Use of quality parts can extend the life cycle of pallets and can reduce long-term cost. An investigation has been carried out to detect and classify defects in yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera, L.) and red oak (Quercus rubra, L.) stringers using ultrasonic scanning. Data were...

Pallet industry relying more on recovered wood material

Treesearch

J. Bejune; R. Bush; Philip A. Araman; B. Hansen; D. Cumbo

2002-01-01

This article is a research report titled, Wood Use Trends in the Pallet and Container Industry: 1992 - 1999, that was published by the authors earlier this year. The research was conducted by Virginia Tech in collaboration with the U.S. Forest Service Southern Research Station. Part one, published in the September, 2002 issue of Pallet Enterprise, summarized the...

Ultrasound pallet part evaluator/grader and cant scanner

Treesearch

Mohammed F. Kabir; Philip A. Araman; Daniel L. Schmoldt; Mark E. Schafer

2002-01-01

Sorting and grading of wooden pallet parts are key factors for manufacturing quality and durable pallets. The feasibility of ultrasonic scanning for defect detection and classification has been examined in this report. Defects, such as sound and unsound knots, decay, bark pockets, wane, and holes were scanned on both red oak (Quercus rubra, L.) and yellow-poplar (...

Design of Control System for Flexible Packaging Bags Palletizing Production Line Based on PLC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zheng, Huiping; Chen, Lin; Zhao, Xiaoming; Liu, Zhanyang

Flexible packaging bags palletizing production line is to put the bags in the required area according to particular order and size, in order to finish handling, storage, loading and unloading, transportation and other logistics work of goods. Flexible packaging bags palletizing line is composed of turning bags mechanism, shaping mechanism, indexing mechanism, marshalling mechanism, pushing bags mechanism, pressing bags mechanism, laminating mechanism, elevator, tray warehouse, tray conveyor and loaded tray conveyor. Whether the whole production line can smoothly run depends on each of the above equipment and precision control among them. In this paper the technological process and the control logic of flexible packaging bags palletizing production line is introduced. Palletizing process of the production line realized automation by means of a control system based on programmable logic controller (PLC). It has the advantages of simple structure, reliable and easy maintenance etc.

Used Pallets as a Source of Pellet Fuel: Current Industry Status

Treesearch

P.B. Aruna; Jan G. Laarman; Philip A. Araman; Edward Coulter; Frederick Cubbage

1997-01-01

U.S. companies discard approximately 4 billion board feet per year of wood pallets and containers. Manufacturing fuel pellets from this wasted wood may be an alternative to disposal. This study traces the development of biomass energy and the wood pellet industry in the United States and considers the production aspects of making pellets from used pallets. In addition...

Combat Oak Shortage Problems Using Fortified Stringers

Treesearch

Philip A. Araman

1993-01-01

Oak pallet material supplies from sawmills have been and may continue to be difficult to secure in quantities by the pallet industry. Other oak using markets such as the furniture, cabinet, tie and flooring markets need more oak and are paying much higher prices than pallet manufacturers and recyclers wish to or can pay. These other markets are also willing to take...

19 CFR 10.41a - Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids, pallets, and similar instruments of international...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids... Traffic § 10.41a Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids, pallets, and similar instruments of international traffic; repair components. (a)(1) Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids, pallets, caul...

19 CFR 10.41a - Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids, pallets, and similar instruments of international...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids... Traffic § 10.41a Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids, pallets, and similar instruments of international traffic; repair components. (a)(1) Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids, pallets, caul...

U.S. wood pallet material use trends

Treesearch

Philip A. Araman; Robert J. Bush; E.Bradley Hager

2010-01-01

A series of five studies conducted by the Virginia Tech Department of Wood Science and Forest Products, in collaboration with the USDA – Forest Service (Blacksburg, Virginia), have tracked activity in the U.S. wood pallet and container industry between 1992 and 2006. The studies determined trends in wood use and pallet production within the industry, both new and...

Hardwoods in U.S. wood pallet production

Treesearch

Robert J. Bush; Philip A. Araman; E. Bradley Hager

2011-01-01

Research indicates that in 2006, 7.26 billion board feet (approximately 17.1 million m3) of new solid wood was utilized by the U.S. wood pallet and container manufacturing industry. During the same year, the study estimates that 5.09 billion board feet (approximately 12.0 million m3) were recovered mostly from used pallets for reuse and recycling. This paper reports...

Recycling In The U.S. Pallet Industry: 1995

Treesearch

Robert J. Bush; Vijay S. Reddy; Matthew S Bumgardner; James L. Chamberlain; Philip A. Araman

1997-01-01

This report provides the results of a study that investigated recovery and recycling of pallets by U.S. manufacturers listed under the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code 2448. In Spring 1996, data were collected using a mail survey of 1,687 pallet companies across the United States. Using these data we estimated the volume and type of recycling being done by...

Broken Stringers Can Be Recovered By Splicing, Research By Pallet Lab Shows

Treesearch

Chaille Brindley

1997-01-01

With the increasing prices of lumber, pallet manufacturers and recyclers are looking to squeeze every dollar out of their operations. A recent study on stringer repair reveals another potential area of the business that may be squeezed. The study by Dr. Marshall White, director of the pallet and container research laboratory at Virginia Tech, shows broken stringers can...

How pallets with red oak deckboards performed in use

Treesearch

Robert S. Kurtenacker

1975-01-01

In-use tests in a combination brick and cement block yard and subsequent laboratory tests indicated that laminated pallet deckboards made from knife-cut, low-grade red oak logs can perform as well as deckboards of solid red oak. Performance was not significantly different between laminated oak deckboard pallets assembled with 2-l/2-in.-long by 15-gage staples and...

Performance of Pallet Nails and Staples in 22 Southern Hardwoods

Treesearch

E.G. Stern

1976-01-01

The effectiveness of pointless, helically threaded, hardened-steel, 3 by O.120-inch, pallet nails with umbrella heads and 21/2-inch, 15-gauge, 7/16-inch crown, plastic-coated, pallet staples in 22 hardwoods grown on southern pine sites was determined on the basis of tests on 522 joints. Specific average performance values were derived from the test data for the tested...

Pallet Recycling and Material Substitution: How Will Hardwood Markets Be Affected?

Treesearch

Robert J. Bush; Philip A. Araman; Vijay S. Reddy

1997-01-01

An estimated 4.53 billion board feet of solid hardwood and 1.79 billion board feet of solid softwood were used in the production of pallets and containers in 1995. When compared to estimates for 1992, the use of both softwoods and hardwoods has decreased. Use for pallets and containers, as a percentage of total lumber production, also decreased for both materials...

Material use and production changes in the U.S. wood pallet and container industry: 1992 to 2006

Treesearch

R. J. Bush; P. A. Araman

2009-01-01

A series of five studies conducted by the Virginia Tech Department of Wood Science and Forest Products, in collaboration with the USDA - Forest Service (Blacksburg, Virginia), have tracked activity in the U.S. wood pallet and container industry between 1992 and 2006. The studies documented trends in wood use and pallet production with in the industry, both new...

The Effect of Stringer Repair Methods and Repair Frequency on the Performance of GMA-Style 48x40-Inch Wood Pallets

Treesearch

John W. Clarke; Marshall S. White; Philip A. Araman

2004-01-01

Over 135 million wood pallets were repaired for reuse in 1995. One of the most commonly damaged components in a wood pallet is the notched stringer. Metal plates, half companion stringers, and full companion stringers are repair methods described in the U.S. industry standard published by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. This study evaluated the effect of...

The effect of sawbolt length on the yield of pallet materials from small-diameter hardwood trees

Treesearch

E. Paul Craft

1982-01-01

From poletimber stand thinnings, 52 trees were bucked into 8-foot lengths, and 49 trees were felled and bucked into 10-foot lengths, The 8- and 10-foot pieces were sawed into pallet cants and side lumber suitable for pallet parts. The sawed yield, by tree, from each length category was compared to the predicted yield of the same trees if bucked into 4- and 6-foot bolts...

Spacelab

NASA Image and Video Library

1981-01-01

This illustration depicts the configuration of the Spacelab-2 in the cargo bay of the orbiter. Spacelab was a versatile laboratory carried in the Space Shuttle's cargo bay for scientific research flights. Each Spacelab mission had a unique design appropriate to the mission's goals. A number of Spacelab configurations could be assembled from pressurized habitation modules and exposed platforms called pallets. Spacelab-2 was the first pallet-only mission. One of the goals of the mission was to verify that the pallets' configuration was satisfactory for observations and research. Except for two biological experiments and an experiment that used ground-based instruments, the Spacelab-2 scientific instruments needed direct exposure to space. On the first pallet, three solar instruments and one atmospheric instrument were mounted on the Instrument Pointing System, which was being tested on its first flight. The second Spacelab pallet held a large double x-ray telescope and three plasma physics detectors. The last pallet supported an infrared telescope, a superfluid helium technology experiment, and a small plasma diagnostics satellite. The Spacelab-2 mission was designed to capitalize on the Shuttle-Spacelab capabilities, to launch and retrieve satellites, and to point several instruments independently with accuracy and stability. Spacelab-2 (STS-51F, 19th Shuttle mission) was launched aboard Space Shuttle Orbiter Challenger on July 29, 1985. The Marshall Space Flight Center had overall management responsibilities of the Spacelab missions.

Analysis on the workspace of palletizing robot based on AutoCAD

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Jin-quan; Zhang, Rui; Guan, Qi; Cui, Fang; Chen, Kuan

2017-10-01

In this paper, a four-degree-of-freedom articulated palletizing robot is used as the object of research. Based on the analysis of the overall configuration of the robot, the kinematic mathematical model is established by D-H method to figure out the workspace of the robot. In order to meet the needs of design and analysis, using AutoCAD secondary development technology and AutoLisp language to develop AutoCAD-based 2D and 3D workspace simulation interface program of palletizing robot. At last, using AutoCAD plugin, the influence of structural parameters on the shape and position of the working space is analyzed when the structure parameters of the robot are changed separately. This study laid the foundation for the design, control and planning of palletizing robots.

Enhanced Palletized Flatrack (EPF) Transportability Testing on the Palletized Loading System (PLS) Truck/Trailer

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-03-01

AND THE 7.X 4 C12’r RIGE PA SBOON PER NSONS OF BOX AND HAVINM BIYENSI1ON OF 17-AND2 LONG BY 11-1/2" WIDE BY 8-14’" HIOP, MRE SN)M. MAIMUM LADO WEIGHT O...INSTALL EACH STRAP FROM A TIEDOWN ANCHOR ON SIDE OF FATRACK, AROUND ENC OF PALLET AT EACH LOCATION SHOWN. TO A TI MWN ACHOR ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF

Alternative Disaster Feeding Ration

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-08

Calories Protein , Fat , Carb Mix Weight Per Ration Storage Temp Shelf Life Pallet Weight (48x40) Pallet Feeds (48 x 40......statistical difference among the three ration types concerning nutritional value with content of protein , fat , and carbohydrate percentages.8 The

Calculation of the store house worker dose in a lost wax foundry using MCNP-4C.

PubMed

Alegría, Natalia; Legarda, Fernando; Herranz, Margarita; Idoeta, Raquel

2005-01-01

Lost wax casting is an industrial process which permits the transmutation into metal of models made in wax. The wax model is covered with a silicaceous shell of the required thickness and once this shell is built the set is heated and wax melted. Liquid metal is then cast into the shell replacing the wax. When the metal is cool, the shell is broken away in order to recover the metallic piece. In this process zircon sands are used for the preparation of the silicaceous shell. These sands have varying concentrations of natural radionuclides: 238U, 232Th and 235U together with their progenics. The zircon sand is distributed in bags of 50 kg, and 30 bags are on a pallet, weighing 1,500 kg. The pallets with the bags have dimensions 80 cm x 120 cm x 80 cm, and constitute the radiation source in this case. The only pathway of exposure to workers in the store house is external radiation. In this case there is no dust because the bags are closed and covered by plastic, the store house has a good ventilation rate and so radon accumulation is not possible. The workers do not touch with their hands the bags and consequently skin contamination will not take place. In this study all situations of external irradiation to the workers have been considered; transportation of the pallets from vehicle to store house, lifting the pallets to the shelf, resting of the stock on the shelf, getting down the pallets, and carrying the pallets to production area. Using MCNP-4C exposure situations have been simulated, considering that the source has a homogeneous composition, the minimum stock in the store house is constituted by 7 pallets, and the several distances between pallets and workers when they are at work. The photons flux obtained by MCNP-4C is multiplied by the conversion factor of Flux to Kerma for air by conversion factor to Effective Dose by Kerma unit, and by the number of emitted photons. Those conversion factors are obtained of ICRP 74 table 1 and table 17 respectively. This is the way to obtain a function giving dose rate around the source.

Administrative Record Introduction, American Drum & Pallet Co. Removal Site, Memphis, Shelby County, Tennessee

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Introduction to a document that contains the Index to and the Administrative Record for the American Drum & Pallet Co. Removal Site, Memphis, Shelby County, Tennessee. Region ID: 04 DocID: 10517014, DocDate: 08-17-2007

Computer Simulation of Rocket/Missile Safing and Arming Mechanism (Containing Pin Pallet Runaway Escapement, Three-Pass Involute Gear Train and Acceleration Driven Rotor)

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-03-01

pin is along the escape wheel tooth, and is a measure of the distance along the plane of the tooth to its end. [Again, parameter g has a negative...Reference 2, appendix C gives the details of how thes." parameters are evaluated.) The parameter f is a measure of the distance between the pallet pin... measures the distance from the pallet pin center tO the escape wheel tooth tip along the plane of the tooth. First the parameter f is monitored. If f

Atmospheric science facility pallet-only mode space transportation system payload (feasibility study), Volume 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

The economic and technical feasibility is assessed of employing a pallet-only mode for conducting Atmospheric Magnetospheric Plasmas-in-Space experiments. A baseline design incorporating the experiment and instrument descriptions is developed. The prime instruments are packaged into four pallets in a physical and functional manner compatible with the Space Transportation System capabilities and/or constraints and an orbiter seven-day mission timeline. Operational compatibility is verified between the orbiter/payload and supporting facilities. The development status and the schedule requirements applicable to the Atmospheric Science Facility mission are identified. Conclusions and recommendations are presented and discussed.

Using of simulation for comparison of technologies for pallets storing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kříž, Pavel; Chramcov, Bronislav; Jemelka, Milan

2016-06-01

The paper highlights the problem oftechnology for pallet storing. The aim is to compare selected technologies and to find efficient warehouse solution for the real company, which produces a plastic parts for automotive and needs to solve storing in the new hall. The work describes differences between two pallet storing technologies - static racking system and powered mobile racking system. Comparison contains description, advantages and disadvantages of the both systems. Real data from real project are used for the evaluation of necessary parameters. The result presents proposal of solution which can meet all initial conditions.

Orion MPCV Service Module Avionics Ring Pallet Testing, Correlation, and Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Staab, Lucas; Akers, James; Suarez, Vicente; Jones, Trevor

2012-01-01

The NASA Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV) is being designed to replace the Space Shuttle as the main manned spacecraft for the agency. Based on the predicted environments in the Service Module avionics ring, an isolation system was deemed necessary to protect the avionics packages carried by the spacecraft. Impact, sinusoidal, and random vibration testing were conducted on a prototype Orion Service Module avionics pallet in March 2010 at the NASA Glenn Research Center Structural Dynamics Laboratory (SDL). The pallet design utilized wire rope isolators to reduce the vibration levels seen by the avionics packages. The current pallet design utilizes the same wire rope isolators (M6-120-10) that were tested in March 2010. In an effort to save cost and schedule, the Finite Element Models of the prototype pallet tested in March 2010 were correlated. Frequency Response Function (FRF) comparisons, mode shape and frequency were all part of the correlation process. The non-linear behavior and the modeling the wire rope isolators proved to be the most difficult part of the correlation process. The correlated models of the wire rope isolators were taken from the prototype design and integrated into the current design for future frequency response analysis and component environment specification.

Influence of the stretch wrapping process on the mechanical behavior of a stretch film

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klein, Daniel; Stommel, Markus; Zimmer, Johannes

2018-05-01

Lightweight construction is an ongoing task in packaging development. Consequently, the stability of packages during transport is gaining importance. This study contributes to the optimization of lightweight packaging concepts regarding their stability. A very widespread packaging concept is the distribution of goods on a pallet whereas a Polyethylene (PE) stretch film stabilizes the lightweight structure during the shipment. Usually, a stretch wrapping machine applies this stretch film to the pallet. The objective of this study is to support packaging development with a method that predicts the result of the wrapping process, based on the mechanical characterization of the stretch film. This result is not only defined by the amount of stretch film, its spatial distribution on the pallet and its internal stresses that result in a containment force. More accurate, this contribution also considers the influence of the deformation history of the stretch film during the wrapping process. By focusing on similarities of stretch wrappers rather than on differences, the influence of generalized process parameters on stretch film mechanics and thereby on pallet stability can be determined experimentally. For a practical use, the predictive method is accumulated in an analytic model of the wrapping process that can be verified experimentally. This paves the way for experimental and numerical approaches regarding the optimization of pallet stability.

Annotated Administrative Record Site-Specific Document Index, American Drum & Pallet Co. Removal Site, Memphis, Shelby County, Tennessee

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Contains annotated index of site specific documents for the American Drum & Pallet Co. Removal Site in Memphis, Shelby County, Tennessee, January 9, 2008 Region ID: 04 DocID: 10517016, DocDate: 01-09-2008

INSTALLATION OF SPACELAB 1 MODULE AND EXPERIMENT PALLET INTO THE ORBITER COLUMBIA'S PAYLOAD BAY

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1983-01-01

INSTALLATION OF SPACELAB 1 MODULE AND EXPERIMENT PALLET INTO THE ORBITER COLUMBIA'S PAYLOAD BAY KSC-383C-2862.09 P-16229,ARCHIVE-03950 Payload canister rolling into OPF, removal and installed into the Orbiter 102 payload bay.

Reports show fewer pallets entering landfills

Treesearch

Robert J. Bush; Philip A. Araman

2010-01-01

Information from a series of Virginia Tech studies reveals current trends in core utilization by the pallet industry. The most recent report released this year studied trends from 2006. Virginia Tech researchers compared these results to five previous studies going all the way back to 1992.

Optimization for Service Routes of Pallet Service Center Based on the Pallet Pool Mode

PubMed Central

He, Shiwei; Song, Rui

2016-01-01

Service routes optimization (SRO) of pallet service center should meet customers' demand firstly and then, through the reasonable method of lines organization, realize the shortest path of vehicle driving. The routes optimization of pallet service center is similar to the distribution problems of vehicle routing problem (VRP) and Chinese postman problem (CPP), but it has its own characteristics. Based on the relevant research results, the conditions of determining the number of vehicles, the one way of the route, the constraints of loading, and time windows are fully considered, and a chance constrained programming model with stochastic constraints is constructed taking the shortest path of all vehicles for a delivering (recycling) operation as an objective. For the characteristics of the model, a hybrid intelligent algorithm including stochastic simulation, neural network, and immune clonal algorithm is designed to solve the model. Finally, the validity and rationality of the optimization model and algorithm are verified by the case. PMID:27528865

Approaches to environmental verification of STS free-flier and pallet payloads

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Keegan, W. B.

1982-01-01

This paper presents an overview of the environmental verification programs followed on an STS-launched free-flier payload, using the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS) as an example, and a pallet payload, using the Office of Space Sciences-1 (OSS-1) as an example. Differences are assessed and rationale given as to why the differing programs were used on the two example payloads. It is concluded that the differences between the programs are due to inherent differences in the payload configuration, their respective mission performance objectives and their operational scenarios rather than to any generic distinctions that differentiate between a free-flier and a pallet payload.

77 FR 58774 - New Pallet Preparation Standards for Periodicals

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-24

... Line 2 information listed below and under 8.6, Pallet Placards. * * * * * [Delete 10.1.5g and 10.1.5h in their entirety and add a new 10.1.5g as follows:] g. SCF through mixed ADC, use 8.10.2h through 8...

Pallet cant soundness at Appalachian sawmills and marketing recommendations

Treesearch

Philip A. Araman; Matthew F. Winn; Mohammed F. Kabir; Xavier Torcheux; Guillaume Loizeaud

2002-01-01

Pallet cants were inspected at selected sawmills in Virginia and West Virginia. We were looking for unsound defects such as splits, wane, shake, holes, rot, decay, unsound knots, bark pockets, and mechanical defects. Red oak (Quercus rubra, L.), white oak (Quercus alba, L), yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera...

14 CFR 1214.806 - Premature termination of Spacelab flights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... dedicated-Shuttle Spacelab flight, a dedicated-pallet flight, or dedicated-FMDM/MPESS flight is prematurely terminated, NASA shall refund the optional services charges for planned, but unused, extra days on orbit. If a complete-pallet or shared-element flight is prematurely terminated, NASA shall refund a pro rata...

14 CFR 1214.806 - Premature termination of Spacelab flights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... dedicated-Shuttle Spacelab flight, a dedicated-pallet flight, or dedicated-FMDM/MPESS flight is prematurely terminated, NASA shall refund the optional services charges for planned, but unused, extra days on orbit. If a complete-pallet or shared-element flight is prematurely terminated, NASA shall refund a pro rata...

14 CFR 1214.806 - Premature termination of Spacelab flights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... dedicated-Shuttle Spacelab flight, a dedicated-pallet flight, or dedicated-FMDM/MPESS flight is prematurely terminated, NASA shall refund the optional services charges for planned, but unused, extra days on orbit. If a complete-pallet or shared-element flight is prematurely terminated, NASA shall refund a pro rata...

14 CFR 1214.806 - Premature termination of Spacelab flights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... dedicated-Shuttle Spacelab flight, a dedicated-pallet flight, or dedicated-FMDM/MPESS flight is prematurely terminated, NASA shall refund the optional services charges for planned, but unused, extra days on orbit. If a complete-pallet or shared-element flight is prematurely terminated, NASA shall refund a pro rata...

14 CFR § 1214.806 - Premature termination of Spacelab flights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

.... If a dedicated-Shuttle Spacelab flight, a dedicated-pallet flight, or dedicated-FMDM/MPESS flight is prematurely terminated, NASA shall refund the optional services charges for planned, but unused, extra days on orbit. If a complete-pallet or shared-element flight is prematurely terminated, NASA shall refund a pro...

Repair Plate Research Results Released

Treesearch

Tom McLain

1993-01-01

The Pallet and Container Research Laboratory, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, in cooperation with NWPCA and the Southern Research Station (USDA Forest Service), embarked on a research project two years ago to evaluate the use of metal connector plates (MCP) for the repair and reinforcement of stringer-class pallets. This article discusses the...

Repair & Reinforcing Pallet Stringers With Metal Plates

Treesearch

John W. Clarke; Thomas E. McLain; Marshall S. White; Philip A. Araman

1993-01-01

Notches significantly reduce the bending strength and life expectancy of stringer-class pallets with partial 4-way entry. Common failures include cracking between the notches (BN), bending failures in the region above the notch (AN) and splitting of end feet. In recent years, several suppliers and manufacturers of metal connector plates (MCPs) have developed equipment...

7 CFR 989.158 - Natural condition raisins.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... only to raisins which have not been removed from their containers, with pallet control cards still... containing raisins that are wet, or of high moisture content in some areas of the box; (ii) dump raisins from... each pallet a prenumbered RAC control card (to be furnished by the Committee), and kept separate and...

7 CFR 989.158 - Natural condition raisins.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... only to raisins which have not been removed from their containers, with pallet control cards still... containing raisins that are wet, or of high moisture content in some areas of the box; (ii) dump raisins from... each pallet a prenumbered RAC control card (to be furnished by the Committee), and kept separate and...

7 CFR 989.158 - Natural condition raisins.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... only to raisins which have not been removed from their containers, with pallet control cards still... containing raisins that are wet, or of high moisture content in some areas of the box; (ii) dump raisins from... each pallet a prenumbered RAC control card (to be furnished by the Committee), and kept separate and...

7 CFR 989.158 - Natural condition raisins.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... only to raisins which have not been removed from their containers, with pallet control cards still... containing raisins that are wet, or of high moisture content in some areas of the box; (ii) dump raisins from... each pallet a prenumbered RAC control card (to be furnished by the Committee), and kept separate and...

7 CFR 989.158 - Natural condition raisins.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... only to raisins which have not been removed from their containers, with pallet control cards still... containing raisins that are wet, or of high moisture content in some areas of the box; (ii) dump raisins from... each pallet a prenumbered RAC control card (to be furnished by the Committee), and kept separate and...

Roller-transducer scanning of wooden pallet parts for defect detection

Treesearch

Mohammed F. Kabir; Daniel L. Schmoldt; Mark E. Schafer

2001-01-01

Ultrasonic scanning experiments were conducted on two species of pallet deckboards using rolling transducers in a pitch-catch arrangement. Sound and unsound knots, cross grain, bark pockets, holes, splits, decay, and wane were characterized using several ultrasound parameters. Almost all parameters displayed sensitivity to defects distinctly from clear wood regions—...

76 FR 16588 - Combined Mailings of Standard Mail and Periodicals Flats

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-24

... may be combined in carrier route, 5-digit (scheme), 3-digit, ADC, and Mixed ADC bundles when prepared...-digit scheme through NDC pallets must contain at least 250 pounds of combined Standard Mail and... scheme through NDC pallets must contain at least 250 pounds of combined Standard Mail and Periodicals...

78 FR 63915 - New Mailing Standards for Domestic Mailing Services Products

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-25

... locations. In addition, preparing FSS scheme pallets allows for the creation of larger pallets, which...-digit FSS scheme pools when addressed for delivery to any FSS 5-digit scheme combination per labeling... into a separate pool for each individual 5-digit FSS-scheme combination. Mailings that include 10 or...

Cargo-Positioning System for Next-Generation Spacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holladay, Jon; Colton, Jonathan

2006-01-01

A report discusses a proposed system for mounting loaded pallets in the cargo bay of a next-generation space-shuttle-like spacecraft, such that the center of mass of the cargo would lie within a 1-in. (2.54-cm) cube that would also contain the center of mass of the spacecraft. The system would include (1) an algorithm for planning the locations of the pallets, given the geometric and weight properties of the pallets, and the geometric restrictions of the cargo bay; (2) quick-connect/quick-disconnect mounting mechanisms similar to those now used on air hoses; (3) other mounting mechanisms, comprising mostly spring-loaded pins, in a locking subsystem that would prevent shifting of the pallets under load; and (4) mechanisms for performing fine position adjustments to satisfy the center-of-mass requirement. The position- adjusting mechanisms would be motor-driven lead-screw mechanisms in groups of three - one for positioning each pin of the locking subsystem along each of three mutually perpendicular coordinate axes. The system also would include a triple-threaded screw that would provide compensation for thermal expansion or contraction of the spacecraft.

Pallet cant soundness at Appalachian sawmills and marketing recommendations

Treesearch

Philip A. Araman; Matthew F. Winn; Mohammed F. Kabir; Xavier Torcheux; Guillaume Loizeaud

2002-01-01

Pallet cants were inspected at selected sawmills in Virginia and West Virginia. We were looking for unsound defects such as splits, wane, shake, holes, rot, decay, unsound knots, bark pockets, and mechanical defects. Red oak (Quercus rubra, L.), white oak (Quercus alba, L), yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera, L.) and bass-wood (Tilia americana, L.) cants were...

Unsound defect volume in hardwood pallet cants

Treesearch

Philip Araman; Matt Winn; Firoz Kabir; Xavier Torcheux; Guillaume Loizeaud

2003-01-01

A study was conducted to determine the percentage of unsound defect volume to sound/clear wood in pallet cants at selected sawmills in Virginia and West Virginia. Splits,wane, shake, holes, decay, unsound knots, bark pockets, and mechanical defects were all considered to be unsound. Data were collected from seven Appalachian area sawmills for four hardwood species: red...

Deck boards to floor boards

Treesearch

Carolee A. Boyles

2004-01-01

Research shows that discarded pallets account for more than 2% of the solid waste found in the nation’s municipal landfills. In addition, more than 38% of hardwoods harvested in the country goes into the manufacture of pallets. This article describes a collaboration between North Carolina State University, the U.S. Forest Service and Waste Reduction Partners to...

Spacelab Level 4 Programmatic Implementation Assessment Study. Volume 1: Representative payload definition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1978-01-01

Four types of Spacelab payloads were analyzed; these were considered to be representative of the Spacelab traffic model. The payloads were: (1) space processing - a single pallet payload; (2) combined astronomy - a five pallet payload; (3) life sciences - a long module payload; and (4) advanced technology lab - a short module plus train payload.

19 CFR 122.48a - Electronic information for air cargo required in advance of arrival.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... data for incoming cargo that is listed in paragraph (d)(2) of this section: (i) An Automated Broker... based on the smallest external packing unit (M) (for example, 2 pallets containing 50 pieces each would... quantity based on the smallest external packing unit (M) (for example, 2 pallets containing 50 pieces each...

19 CFR 122.48a - Electronic information for air cargo required in advance of arrival.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... data for incoming cargo that is listed in paragraph (d)(2) of this section: (i) An Automated Broker... based on the smallest external packing unit (M) (for example, 2 pallets containing 50 pieces each would... quantity based on the smallest external packing unit (M) (for example, 2 pallets containing 50 pieces each...

19 CFR 122.48a - Electronic information for air cargo required in advance of arrival.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... data for incoming cargo that is listed in paragraph (d)(2) of this section: (i) An Automated Broker... based on the smallest external packing unit (M) (for example, 2 pallets containing 50 pieces each would... quantity based on the smallest external packing unit (M) (for example, 2 pallets containing 50 pieces each...

EPA Announces the Availability of the Removal Administrative Record for the American Drum and Pallet Site in Memphis, Shelby County, Tennessee, the Daily News - Memphis, TN

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Contains proof of publication of announcement of availability of the removal administrative record for the American Drum and Pallet Site in Memphis, Shelby County, Tennessee, in the Daily News newspaper Region ID: 04 DocID: 10547927, DocDate: 12-24-2007

Cold temperature disinfestation of bagged flour

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

We conducted studies using a commercial freezer maintained at -17.8°C to determine the time needed to kill Tribolium castaneum eggs in a pallet of flour. Each bag weighed 22.7 kg, and there were 5 bags in each of 10 layers. The dimensions of the pallet were 109-cm wide by 132-cm long by 123-cm tall,...

Wood Use in the U.S. Pallet and Container Industry: 1995

Treesearch

Vijay S. Reddy; Robert J. Bush; Matthew S. Bumgardner; James L. Chamberlain; Philip A. Araman

1997-01-01

This report from the Center for Forest Products Marketing and Management at Virginia Tech provides results of a study ofwood material use in the pallet and container industry (Standard Industrial Classification codes 2441, 2448, and 2449). The report furnishes estimates of industry-wide use ofvarious wood materials (i.e., solid hardwood, solid softwood,oriented strand...

Ultrasonic detection of knots, cross grain and bark pockets in wooden pallet parts

Treesearch

Mohammed F. Kabir; Daniel L. Schmoldt; Mark E. Schafer

2000-01-01

This study investigates defect detection in wooden pallet parts using ultrasonic scanning. Yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera, L.) deckboards were scanned using two rolling transducers in a pitch-catch arrangement to detect unsound and sound knots, bark pockets and cross grain. Data were collected, stored, and processed using LabView? software. Six ultrasonic...

78 FR 76533 - New Mailing Standards for Domestic Mailing Services Products

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-18

... sequencing system (FSS), a mailer association suggested to change the required minimum for an FSS scheme... must make FSS scheme or FSS facility pallets when the quantity reaches 250 pounds, so that minimum is... Standard Mail, FSS scheme pallets may be entered at origin, or at DNDC, DSCF, or DFSS entry points, but the...

A revised econometric model of the domestic pallet market

Treesearch

Albert T. Schuler; Walter B. Wallin

1983-01-01

The purpose of this revised model is to project estimates of consumption and price of wooden pallets in the short term. This model differs from previous ones developed by Schuler and Wallin (1979 and 1980) in the following respects: The structure of the supply side of the market is more realistically identified (from an economic theory point of view) by including...

Robotics Strategy White Paper

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-19

Cargo packaging and pallet assembly. Use of robotics tools to support palletization falls under the supply functional area which tasks the Army to...system. 17 At first glance, remote tele-operated surgery capability appears to already exist in civilian hospitals (i.e., DaVinci Machine: http... tool free maintenance and anticipatory sustainment and improved distribution. The UJTL tasks suggest nominal improvements in the maintenance area

19 CFR 10.41a - Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids, pallets, and similar instruments of international...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... for inspection by Customs officials upon reasonable notice. (3) If the container does not exit the U.S... 19 Customs Duties 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids... Traffic § 10.41a Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids, pallets, and similar instruments of...

19 CFR 10.41a - Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids, pallets, and similar instruments of international...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... for inspection by Customs officials upon reasonable notice. (3) If the container does not exit the U.S... 19 Customs Duties 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids... Traffic § 10.41a Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids, pallets, and similar instruments of...

19 CFR 10.41a - Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids, pallets, and similar instruments of international...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... for inspection by Customs officials upon reasonable notice. (3) If the container does not exit the U.S... 19 Customs Duties 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids... Traffic § 10.41a Lift vans, cargo vans, shipping tanks, skids, pallets, and similar instruments of...

Recovery, reuse and recycling by the United States wood packaging industry: 1993-2006

Treesearch

Robert J. Bush; Philip A. Araman; E. Bradley Hager

2007-01-01

The packaging industry is an important market for wood materials, especially low grade hardwoods. Approximately one-third of U.S. hardwood lumber production is utilized in the production of pallets and containers. The industry recovers significant volumes of pallets and containers from the waste stream for re-use, repair, and recycling. Industry by-products (both wood...

Shaping-lathe headrig yields solid and molded-flake hardwood products.

Treesearch

P. Koch; R.A. Caughey

1978-01-01

A shaping-lathe headrig, operated one shift daily, can be used to manufacture hardwood cants to be resawed into pallet shook, one-piece and dowel-laminated crossties, posts and rail, and other solid wood products in lengths from 6 to 9 feet. Residual flakes machined by the headrig supply a three-shift operation in which molded pallets and 4- by 8-foot sheets of...

shaping-lathe headrig yields solid and molded-flake hardwood products

Treesearch

Peter Koch; R.A. Caughey

1978-01-01

A shaping-lathe headrig, operated one shift daily, can be used to manufacture hardwood cants to be resawed into pallet shook, one-piece and dowel-laminated crossties, posts and rails, and other solid wood products in lengths from 6 to 9 feet. Residual flakes machined by the headrig supply a three-shift operation in which molded pallets and 4- by 8-foot sheets of...

Shaping-lathe headrig will convert small hardwoods into pallet cants plus flakes for structural exterior flakeboard

Treesearch

Peter Koch

1975-01-01

Virtually all nations have an under-utilized resource of small-diameter, low-grade hardwoods of mixed species in a range of densities. The shaping-lathe headrig, now in the final stages of commercialization, is a key to utilizing these hardwoods for pallets, industrial lumber, and-with further development-railroad crossties. Lathe residues in the form of flakes can be...

Potential Material Sources for Board Products: Used Pallets and Wastewood at Landfills

Treesearch

Philip A. Araman; Robert J. Bush; Vijay S. Reddy

1997-01-01

Millions of tons of pallets and other types of wood waste are being sent to landfills every year. At many landfills wood is or could be reclaimed. One potential use for this material is as furnish for board products. To evaluate the potential to reclaim wood waste for useful products we surveyed municipal solid waste (MSW) and construction and demolition (C&D)...

Production planning, production systems for flexible automation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spur, G.; Mertins, K.

1982-09-01

Trends in flexible manufacturing system (FMS) applications are reviewed. Machining systems contain machines which complement each other and can replace each other. Computer controlled storage systems are widespread, with central storage capacity ranging from 20 pallet spaces to 200 magazine spaces. Handling function is fulfilled by pallet chargers in over 75% of FMS's. Data system degree of automation varies considerably. No trends are noted for transport systems.

Exciting News From Va. Tech - Repaired Pallets May Be Stronger Than the Original

Treesearch

John W. Clarke; Marshall S. White; T.E. McLain; Philip A. Araman

1995-01-01

Virginia Tech, in cooperation with the NWPCA and the Southern Research Station of the USDA Forest Service, conducted a research program on the use of metal plates for repair of stringer pallets. This study looked at common stringer failure locations: splits between the notches, splits above the notches, and splits in the end feet. One of the research objectives was to...

Yield of pallet cants and lumber from hardwood poletimber thinnings

Treesearch

E. Paul Craft; David M. Emanuel

1981-01-01

Woods-run bolts in 4- and 6-foot length from poletimber stand thininings were classified into five quality classes, and the absolute sweep was measured for each bolt. Cants 4 by 4 and 4 by 6 inches were sawn from these bolts. The cants were classified by an interim classification system for the production of pallet parts. In contrast to straight bolts, sweep from 0.6...

A quantitative study of the U.S. wood pallet industry based on supply chain management practices

Treesearch

Henry Quesada-Pineda; Scarlett Sanchez-Gomez; Philip A. Araman

2012-01-01

Pallets play an important role in the movement of goods from place to place. They are not only used in warehouses or distribution centers, but also in all those activities that require an efficient and effective method of transportation. To better understand business practices and external factors that impacts supply chain management (SCM), a survey of 1,500 U.S. wood...

Recycling and the Use of Wood Materials by the U.S. Pallet Industry

Treesearch

Robert J. Bush; Eric Hansen; Philip A. Araman

1994-01-01

Estimates of the use of new and recycled wood materials by the U.S. pallet industry are presented. The industry (including SICs 2441, 2448, 2449) consumed 4.74 billion board feet of solid hardwoods and 2.15 billion board feet of solid softwoods in 1992. The most common individual hardwood species were oak and yellow-poplar. Douglas-fir and southern yellow pine were the...

Letter from Brian Croft and Andrew Johnson, Tetra Tech EM, Inc., to Steve Spurlin, USEPA. Subject: Emergency Response Report, American Drum and Pallet Site, TN. EPA Contract Ep-W-05-054, TDD No. TTEMI-05-001-0040

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Contains April l4, 2008 letter submitting the emergency response report for the American Drum and Pallet Site in Memphis, Shelby County, Tennessee. This report summarizes field activities conducted at the site from June 11, 2007 through January 18, 2008.

Dynamics of the Pin Pallet Runaway Escapement

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-06-01

for Continued Work 29 References 32 I Appendixes A Kinematics of Coupled Motion 34 B Differential Equation of Coupled Motion 38 f C Moment Arms 42 D...Expressions for these quantities are derived in appendix D. The differential equations for the free motion of the pallet and the escape-wheel are...Coupled Motion (location 100) To solve the differential equation of coupled motion (see equation .B (-10) of appendix B)- the main program calls on

14. END VIEW OF THE PLUTONIUM STORAGE VAULT FROM THE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

14. END VIEW OF THE PLUTONIUM STORAGE VAULT FROM THE REMOTE CONTROL STATION. THE STACKER-RETRIEVER, A REMOTELY-OPERATED, MECHANIZED TRANSPORT SYSTEM, RETRIEVES CONTAINERS OF PLUTONIUM FROM SAFE GEOMETRY PALLETS STORED ALONG THE LENGTH OF THE VAULT. THE STACKER-RETRIEVER RUNS ALONG THE AISLE BETWEEN THE PALLETS OF THE STORAGE CHAMBER. (3/2/86) - Rocky Flats Plant, Plutonium Recovery Facility, Northwest portion of Rocky Flats Plant, Golden, Jefferson County, CO

Trends in the use of materials for pallets and other factors affecting the demand for hardwood products

Treesearch

Robert J. Bush; Jeffery J. Bejune; Bruce G. Hansen; Philip A. Araman

2002-01-01

The pallet and container industry plays a critical role in the forest products industry and the U.S. economy. The industry provides a large market for low-grade wood, employs more than 50,000 in the U.S., and its products facilitate the shipment of goods within and outside the country. Due to the importance of this industry, the Center for Forest Products Marketing and...

The United States Government Interagency Process and the Failure of Institution Building in Iraq

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-12

warehouses they were amazed to find pallets and pallets full of medical equipment from floor to ceiling that had had been in the warehouses for some... glass broken; and books and documents strewn about?”27 24 Durch, William ed. “Twenty-First-Century Peace Operations.” United States Institute of...health) to actors that potentially threaten domestic or international order (e.g., Egypt, Palestinian Authority, Lebanon ) Exploitation of legal

Effects of Contoured Pallets on AMC Mission Efficiency

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-06-01

carrier moves it on a B-747-100 as if it was a B-747-400, all while not planning to take advantage of the additional cargo capacity of the newer...nature of the cargo being moved and determine if opportunities existed to take advantage of increased MD-11 airlift. Each model had different...types of cargo can help efficiency by planning contoured requirements to take advantage of the fact that while moving these pallets underutilizes

Flexible Manufacturing System Handbook. Volume II. Description of the Technology

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-02-01

hubs, or wheels with considerable 4 FM5 Handbook, Volume II milling, drilling and/or tapping, are usually candidates for inclusion in a prismatic...0.06 inch) to transfer pallets to a machine or unload station. Wheel encoders can be used as less precise feedback for the drive system and its...must be used to control pallet transfer. The Cincinnati Milacron Variable Mission System uses this type of MHS, specifically the Eaton-Kenway Robo

Bridging the gap between research and application -- business plan spreadsheets are helping wood recovery efforts

Treesearch

Philip A. Araman; E. Hager; A.L. Hammett

1998-01-01

Wood pallets break or end up in the wrong places where they are no longer useful. They become a waste problem that needs to be dealt with. Many find their way to recovery and repair facilities, but many don’t and most likely end up in landfills. Our charge is to reduce landfilling of unwanted and discarded wood pallets and to push them into highest value uses. To help...

A storage gas tank is moved to a pallet in the O&C

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- In the Operations and Checkout Building, workers check out the placement of one of four gas tanks on the Spacelab Logistics Double Pallet. Part of the STS- 104 payload, the storage tanks two gaseous oxygen and two gaseous nitrogen -- comprise the high pressure gas assembly that will be attached to the Joint Airlock Module during two spacewalks. The tanks will support future spacewalk operations from the Station and augment the Service Module gas resupply system.

A storage gas tank is moved to a pallet in the O&C

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- Workers in the Operations and Checkout Building stand by while one of four gas tanks is moved toward the Spacelab Logistics Double Pallet. Part of the STS-104 payload, the storage tanks two gaseous oxygen and two gaseous nitrogen -- comprise the high pressure gas assembly that will be attached to the Joint Airlock Module during two spacewalks. The tanks will support future spacewalk operations from the Station and augment the Service Module gas resupply system.

A storage gas tank is moved to a pallet in the O&C

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- An overhead crane in the Operations and Checkout Building lowers one of four gas tanks onto the Spacelab Logistics Double Pallet while workers help guide it. Part of the STS-104 payload, the storage tanks two gaseous oxygen and two gaseous nitrogen -- comprise the high pressure gas assembly that will be attached to the Joint Airlock Module during two spacewalks. The tanks will support future spacewalk operations from the Station and augment the Service Module gas resupply system.

Micro-Laser Range Finder Development: Using the Monolithic Approach

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-02-01

components can be joined together, optically aligned to form the laser cavity and then sliced to produce MLC modules . This batch process can greatly reduce...the overall fabrication costs of the µLRF system. The MLC module is ultra-compact. Its overall size is approximately 56 mm (L) x 3 mm (W) x 3 mm (H) as...MLC module is placed on a laser pallet for stiffness, mechanical stability. The laser pallet size is selected as part of the integration design

Remote sensing technology research and instrumentation platform design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1992-01-01

An instrumented pallet concept and definition of an aircraft with performance and payload capability to meet NASA's airborne turbulent flux measurement needs for advanced multiple global climate research and field experiments is presented. The report addresses airborne measurement requirements for general circulation model sub-scale parameterization research, specifies instrumentation capable of making these measurements, and describes a preliminary support pallet design. Also, a review of aircraft types and a recommendation of a manned and an unmanned aircraft capable of meeting flux parameterization research needs is given.

Enhanced science capability on the International Space Station

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Felice, Ronald R.; Kienlen, Mike

2002-12-01

It is inevitable that the International Space Station (ISS) will play a significant role in the conduct of science in space. However, in order to provide this service to a wide and broad community and to perform it cost effectively, alternative concepts must be considered to complement NASA"s Institutional capability. Currently science payload forward and return data services must compete for higher priority ISS infrastructure support requirements. Furthermore, initial astronaut crews will be limited to a single shift. Much of their time and activities will be required to meet their physical needs (exercise, recreation, etc.), station maintenance, and station operations, leaving precious little time to actively conduct science payload operations. ISS construction plans include the provisioning of several truss mounted, space-hardened pallets, both zenith and nadir facing. The ISS pallets will provide a platform to conduct both earth and space sciences. Additionally, the same pallets can be used for life and material sciences, as astronauts could place and retrieve sealed canisters for long-term micro-gravity exposure. Thus the pallets provide great potential for enhancing ISS science return. This significant addition to ISS payload capacity has the potential to exacerbate priorities and service contention factors within the exiting institution. In order to have it all, i.e., more science and less contention, the pallets must be data smart and operate autonomously so that NASA institutional services are not additionally taxed. Specifically, the "Enhanced Science Capability on the International Space Station" concept involves placing data handling and spread spectrum X-band communications capabilities directly on ISS pallets. Spread spectrum techniques are considered as a means of discriminating between different pallets as well as to eliminate RFI. The data and RF systems, similar to that of "free flyers", include a fully functional command and data handling system, providing, in part, science solid state recorders and instrument command management sub-systems. This, together with just one direct-to-ground based X-Band station co-located with a science payload operations center provides for a direct data path to ground, bypassing NASA institutions. The science center exists to receive user service requests, perform required constraint checks necessary for safe instrument operations, and to disseminate user science data. Payload commands can be up-linked directly or, if required, relayed through the existing NASA institution. The concept is modular for the downlink Earth terminals; in that multiple downlink X-band ground stations can be utilized throughout the world. This has applications for Earth science data direct to regional centers similar to those services provided by the EOS Terra spacecraft. However, for the purposes of this concept, just one downlink site was selected in order to define the worst-case data acquisition scenario necessary to ascertain concept feasibility. The paper demonstrates that the concept is feasible and can lead to a design that significantly reduces operational dependency on the NASA institutions and astronauts while significantly increasing ISS science operational efficiency and access.

Shuttle Experimental Radar for Geological Exploration (SERGE); antenna and integration concept definition study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kierein, J. W.

1977-01-01

The baseline configuration defined has the SERGE antenna panel array mounted on the OFT-2 pallet sufficiently high in the bay that negligible amounts of radiation from the beam are reflected from orbiter surfaces into the shuttle payload bay. The array is symmetrically mounted to the pallet along the array long dimension with the pallet at the center. It utilizes a graphite epoxy trusswork support structure. The antenna panels are of SEASAT engineering model design and construction. The antenna array has 7 panels and a 7-way naturally tapered coax corporate feed system. The performance of the system is predicted to exceed 33 db gain, have -15 db sidelobes in the E-plane and even lower in the H-plane, and have and E-plane beamwidth less than 2.2 deg, all within performance specification. The primary support structure is predicted to exceed the specified greater than 25 hertz fundamental frequency, although individual panels will have hertz fundamental frequency.

Improvement in antioxidant functionality and shelf life of yukwa (fried rice snack) by turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) powder addition.

PubMed

Lim, Seung-Taik; Han, Jung-Ah

2016-05-15

The physico-chemical, oxidative and sensory characteristics of fried rice snack, yukwa with different amounts of turmeric powder (Curcuma longa) were investigated. The moisture content of the pallet ranged from 16.47% to 19.84%. After frying the pallet, a slight decrease in the degree of expansion was obtained with increasing turmeric powder content. The textural properties of yukwa were not changed until the turmeric powder content reached 5%; however, over 8% addition induced a decrease in the hardness and an increase in the crispiness. Oxidative deterioration was effectively inhibited by turmeric powder addition, and more turmeric powder in yukwa led to higher free radical scavenging activity. Based on the sensory characteristics, a 5% addition of turmeric powder was the most acceptable for the yukwa product. In the correlation results among variables, the moisture content of the pallet proved to be the most important factor for yukwa quality. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

View of the payload bay during STS-7

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1983-01-01

This 'astronaut's eye view' of the payload bay was taken through the aft flight deck window. It shows the Shuttle pallet satellite (SPAS-01), the experiment pallet for the NASA Office of Space and Terrestrial Applications (OSTA-2), the closed 'cradle' protecting the Telesat F Anik C2 satellite, the Canadian-built remote manipulator system (RMS) arm and a number of canisters for getaway special (GAS) experiments. MBB stands for Messerschmidt-Boelkow-Blohm, a West German firm which built the SPAS. The vertical stabilizer appears to be touching the Earth's horizon.

First Article Testing of the USMC Container Consolidation Pallet Manufactured by Grate Pallet Solutions

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-05-28

posts use a small sliding “ latch ” to insure they remain in place (Appendix 2, Figure 4). AFPTEF Report No. 09-R-02 USMC CCP AFPTEF Project No. 09...A total of 8 inflated air bladders, measuring 30 in. x 30 in. before inflation, shall be wedged between the end panel and each shelf load, and the...sliding “ latch ”. AFPTEF Report No. 09-R-02 USMC CCP AFPTEF Project No. 09-P-104 25 Figure 5. Corner post indexing tab and lockable slide

Modified Fittings Enhance Industrial Safety

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2012-01-01

Kennedy Space Center is not only home to one of the largest buildings in the world - the massive Vehicle Assembly Building - it also hosts a number of one-of-a-kind facilities. The more than 30-mile-long campus has witnessed every launch from the Space Shuttle Launch Pad, as well as many homecomings at the Shuttle Landing Facility. Just as important, the Space Station Processing Facility (SSPF) has seen each element of the International Space Station (ISS) that passes through Kennedy before it goes into orbit. The SSPF is where ISS components are checked, tested, and adjusted before being packed into the Space Shuttle for transport. In an environment like the SSPF - spanning 457,000 square feet of processing areas, operational control rooms, laboratories, logistics areas, and office space - large workstands and equipment used to support the processing of ISS components need to be moved around the facility. One of the devices employed for this task is an air pallet. An air pallet moves on cushions of air instead of wheels. Compressed air inflates the cushions underneath the pallet and is then expelled through exhaust holes. This forms a thin film of air between the cushions and the floor, lifting the platform off the floor and making it easy to move the heavy workstands, equipment, and ISS components. Concerned with the safety of the connections on the pressurized air hoses used for the air pallets, engineers at Kennedy modified an existing commercial cam and groove fitting to control the air supply hose in the event of an accidental release of a pressurized hose. This modification prevented the hose from detaching and, propelled by compressed air, striking workers or equipment. "At the time, these were not available on commercial coupling halves, so NASA made a modification and then put them into use. If a worker were to accidentally try to remove a pressurized hose from the pallet, it no longer rapidly separated, and it safely relieved the pressure," says Paul Schwindt, an engineer at Kennedy who together with Alan Littlefield, also an engineer at Kennedy, designed the modification.

Palbociclib as a first-line treatment in oestrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative, advanced breast cancer not cost-effective with current pricing: a health economic analysis of the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK).

PubMed

Matter-Walstra, K; Ruhstaller, T; Klingbiel, D; Schwenkglenks, M; Dedes, K J

2016-07-01

Endocrine therapy continues to be the optimal systemic treatment for metastatic ER(+)HER2(-) breast cancer. The CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib combined with letrozole has recently been shown to significantly improve progression-free survival. Here we examined the cost-effectiveness of this regimen for the Swiss healthcare system. A Markov cohort simulation based on the PALOMA-1 trial (Finn et al. in Lancet Oncol 16:25-35, 2015) was used as the clinical course. Input parameters were based on summary trial data. Costs were assessed from the Swiss healthcare system perspective. Adding palbociclib to letrozole (PALLET) compared to letrozole monotherapy was estimated to cost an additional CHF342,440 and gain 1.14 quality-adjusted life years, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of CHF301,227/QALY gained. In univariate sensitivity analyses, no tested variation in key parameters resulted in an ICER below a willingness-to-pay threshold of CHF100,000/QALY. PALLET had a 0 % probability of being cost-effective in probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Lowering PALLET's price by 75 % resulted in an ICER of CHF73,995/QALY and a 73 % probability of being cost-effective. At current prices, PALLET would cost the Swiss healthcare system an additional CHF155 million/year. Palbociclib plus letrozole cannot be considered cost-effective for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer in the Swiss healthcare system.

Optimization of a Lunar Pallet Lander Reinforcement Structure Using a Genetic Algorithm

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burt, Adam

2014-01-01

In this paper, a unique system level spacecraft design optimization will be presented. A Genetic Algorithm is used to design the global pattern of the reinforcing structure, while a gradient routine is used to adequately stiffen the sub-structure. The system level structural design includes determining the optimal physical location (and number) of reinforcing beams of a lunar pallet lander deck structure. Design of the substructure includes determining placement of secondary stiffeners and the number of rivets required for assembly.. In this optimization, several considerations are taken into account. The primary objective was to raise the primary natural frequencies of the structure such that the Pallet Lander primary structure does not significantly couple with the launch vehicle. A secondary objective is to determine how to properly stiffen the reinforcing beams so that the beam web resists the shear buckling load imparted by the spacecraft components mounted to the pallet lander deck during launch and landing. A third objective is that the calculated stress does not exceed the allowable strength of the material. These design requirements must be met while, minimizing the overall mass of the spacecraft. The final paper will discuss how the optimization was implemented as well as the results. While driven by optimization algorithms, the primary purpose of this effort was to demonstrate the capability of genetic algorithms to enable design automation in the preliminary design cycle. By developing a routine that can automatically generate designs through the use of Finite Element Analysis, considerable design efficiencies, both in time and overall product, can be obtained over more traditional brute force design methods.

Formation of biogenic amines and growth of spoilage-related microorganisms in pork stored under different packaging conditions applying PCA.

PubMed

Li, Miaoyun; Tian, Lu; Zhao, Gaiming; Zhang, Qiuhui; Gao, Xiaoping; Huang, Xianqing; Sun, Lingxia

2014-02-01

The objective of this study was to investigate the evolution of biogenic amines and spoilage-related microorganisms of chilled pork stored at 5 °C under various atmospheric conditions. The experimental packaging systems were pallet packaging, vacuum packaging (VP) and modified atmosphere packaging methods (MAP, 40%O2+40%CO2+20%N2), respectively. The results showed that about 74.26% of the variability could be explained by two first principal components analyzed by PCA in the pallet packaging, while in the vacuum and modified atmosphere packagings were about 85.21% and 79.14%, respectively. PC1 differentiated the indicators from packaging conditions. All the five microbial indicators and partial biogenic amines, gathering together, had high values at the positive side of PC1. Putrescine and cadaverine could reflect the spoilage evolution of fresh pork except for those in the pallet. Therefore, putrescine and cadaverine could be used as the spoilage indicators of chilled pork, of which the contents might reflect the spoilage degree. © 2013.

Design analysis of levitation facility for space processing applications. [Skylab program, space shuttles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Frost, R. T.; Kornrumpf, W. P.; Napaluch, L. J.; Harden, J. D., Jr.; Walden, J. P.; Stockhoff, E. H.; Wouch, G.; Walker, L. H.

1974-01-01

Containerless processing facilities for the space laboratory and space shuttle are defined. Materials process examples representative of the most severe requirements for the facility in terms of electrical power, radio frequency equipment, and the use of an auxiliary electron beam heater were used to discuss matters having the greatest effect upon the space shuttle pallet payload interfaces and envelopes. Improved weight, volume, and efficiency estimates for the RF generating equipment were derived. Results are particularly significant because of the reduced requirements for heat rejection from electrical equipment, one of the principal envelope problems for shuttle pallet payloads. It is shown that although experiments on containerless melting of high temperature refractory materials make it desirable to consider the highest peak powers which can be made available on the pallet, total energy requirements are kept relatively low by the very fast processing times typical of containerless experiments and allows consideration of heat rejection capabilities lower than peak power demand if energy storage in system heat capacitances is considered. Batteries are considered to avoid a requirement for fuel cells capable of furnishing this brief peak power demand.

Preliminary feasibility study of pallet-only mode for magnetospheric and plasmas in space payloads, volume 4

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1976-01-01

Results of studies performed on the magnetospheric and plasma portion of the AMPS are presented. Magnetospheric and plasma in space experiments and instruments are described along with packaging (palletization) concepts. The described magnetospheric and plasma experiments were considered as separate entities. Instrumentation ospheric and plasma experiments were considered as separate entities. Instrumentation requirements and operations were formulated to provide sufficient data for unambiguous interpretation of results without relying upon other experiments of the series. Where ground observations are specified, an assumption was made that large-scale additions or modifications to existing facilities were not required.

Robotic Materials Handling in Space: Mechanical Design of the Robot Operated Materials Processing System HitchHiker Experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Voellmer, George

1997-01-01

The Goddard Space Flight Center has developed the Robot Operated Materials Processing System (ROMPS) that flew aboard STS-64 in September, 1994. The ROMPS robot transported pallets containing wafers of different materials from their storage racks to a furnace for thermal processing. A system of tapered guides and compliant springs was designed to deal with the potential misalignments. The robot and all the sample pallets were locked down for launch and landing. The design of the passive lockdown system, and the interplay between it and the alignment system are presented.

Thermal integration of Spacelab experiments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Patterson, W. C.; Hopson, G. D.

1978-01-01

The method of thermally integrating the experiments for Spacelab is discussed. The scientific payload consists of a combination of European and United States sponsored experiments located in the module as well as on a single Spacelab pallet. The thermal integration must result in accomodating the individual experiment requirements as well as ensuring that the total payload is within the Spacelab Environmental Control System (ECS) resource capability. An integrated thermal/ECS analysis of the module and pallet is performed in concert with the mission timeline to ensure that the agreed upon experiment requirements are accommodated and to ensure the total payload is within the Spacelab ECS resources.

Comparison of localized injections of spinosad and selected insecticides for the control of Cryptotermes brevis (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) in naturally infested structural mesocosms.

PubMed

Woodrow, R Joseph; Grace, J Kenneth; Oshiro, Robert J

2006-08-01

We investigated the efficacy of various chemical injections against Cryptotermes brevis (Walker) (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae) in hardwood shipping pallets. We had three principle interests: efficacy in whole structures, relative efficacy of the active ingredients, and whether acoustic evidence augmented treatment site selection. Infested pallets were delineated into boards with four monitoring sites each. Six chemical treatments were compared: chlorpyrifos aerosol, aqueous disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT), resmethrin aerosol, distilled water (control), and two treatments of spinosad SC (one treatment applied based upon visual and the other treatment upon acoustic [AE] evidence). Individual boards were split apart; efficacy was determined by percentage mortality and pre- and posttreatment AE counts. Injections were constrained to a single point per board with the greatest level of termite activity. In whole pallets, mean percentage mortality ranged from 53.3 to 58.7% for the visual and AE spinosad treatments, respectively, whereas water averaged 6.8%. Remaining treatment mortalities were 33.2, 30.4, and 18.1% for chlorpyrifos, DOT, and resmethrin, respectively. Analysis of whole-pallet data indicated that none of the insecticides produced commercially acceptable mortality; localized injections of insecticides were not comparable with whole-structure treatments. We delineated independent groups of board sections (sectional aggregates; SA) that were connected by galleries. When treated SA were analyzed, spinosad and DOT treatments were significantly different from controls, whereas remaining treatments were not different from controls or spinosad and DOT. AE readings and visual termite evidence were compared with presence or absence of termites in SA, and it was determined that both AE and visual evidence were effective predictors of termite presence.

NGST/XRCF Design and Build Wavescope System Pallet

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Geary, Joe

1999-01-01

Based on the successful Wavescope demonstration at MSFC at the end of March, the decision was made by the optical testing team to purchase an upgraded Wavescope from AOA. The MSFC version would include: a higher resolution camera (1000 x 1000 pixels); a higher density lenslet array (150 x 150); updated software; and longer cables (to accommodate the remote operation of the Wavescope optical head which was resident in the Beam Guide Tube). The AOA proposal for the new instrument was received in mid-April, and delivered to MSFC in mid-July. A considerable amount of effort was expended to provide the infrastructure needed for Wavescope operation, and to incorporate it into the overall test system. This was provided by the Wavescope System Pallet (WSP) built by UAH. The WSP is illustrated. Several instruments are incorporated on this pallet. These include the: Wavescope optical head; a PDI wavefront sensor; a point spread function sensor; a Leica light-based distance measuring sensor. In addition there is a single mode fiber point source (fed from a separate source pallet) which serves both as a reference for the Wavescope and as a source point for the test mirror. There is a dual function lens which both collimates the beam from the test image point, and images the test mirror onto the lenslet array. There is a high quality Collimator which can provide a flat input wavefront directly into the Wavescope. There are also various aids such as an alignment laser, an alignment telescope, alignment sticks and apertures. The WSP was delivered to MSFC on 7/28/99. An picture shows the WSP installed in the Guide Tube at the X-Ray Calibration Facility (XRCF).

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - In the Orbiter Processing Facility, the nose cap from Atlantis is secured on a shipping pallet. The reinforced carbon-carbon (RCC) nose cap is being sent to the original manufacturing company, Vought in Ft. Worth, Texas, a subsidiary of Lockheed Martin, to undergo non-destructive testing such as CAT scan and thermography.

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-10-29

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - In the Orbiter Processing Facility, the nose cap from Atlantis is secured on a shipping pallet. The reinforced carbon-carbon (RCC) nose cap is being sent to the original manufacturing company, Vought in Ft. Worth, Texas, a subsidiary of Lockheed Martin, to undergo non-destructive testing such as CAT scan and thermography.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - In the Orbiter Processing Facility, the nose cap from Atlantis is lowered toward a shipping pallet. The reinforced carbon-carbon (RCC) nose cap is being sent to the original manufacturing company, Vought in Ft. Worth, Texas, a subsidiary of Lockheed Martin, to undergo non-destructive testing such as CAT scan and thermography.

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-10-29

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - In the Orbiter Processing Facility, the nose cap from Atlantis is lowered toward a shipping pallet. The reinforced carbon-carbon (RCC) nose cap is being sent to the original manufacturing company, Vought in Ft. Worth, Texas, a subsidiary of Lockheed Martin, to undergo non-destructive testing such as CAT scan and thermography.

Excalibur Strategic Configured Load (SCL) for the Heavy Expanded Mobility Tactical Truck (HEMTT). Testing IAW TP-94-01, Revision 2, June 2004, Transportability Testing Procedures

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-01

2-1 PART 3 - TEST EQUIPMENT 1. Semitrailer, flatbed , breakbulk/container transporter, 34 ton Model #: M872A1 Manufactured by Heller Truck Body... LAMINATING DUNNAGE. ADDITIONALLY, THE NAILING PATTERN FOR AN UP- DA39 PALLET UNITS CENTERED ON TOP OF PRIOR DA39 PALLET UNITS, PER PIECE OF LAMINATED ...ai FT (APPWO HEADER I" X V’ X 7-4- (AS RECID, 1 SHOWYN). LAMINATE EACH HEADER TO PREVIOUS HEADER W/9-10d NAILS. HEADER 2" x 8" x r-" (AS RECID, 3 SHOWN

Spacelab

NASA Image and Video Library

1985-07-01

This photograph shows the Instrument Pointing System (IPS) for Spacelab-2 being deployed in the cargo bay of the Space Shuttle Orbiter Challenger. The European Space Agency (ESA) developed this irnovative pointing system for the Spacelab program. Previously, instruments were pointed toward particular celestial objects or areas by maneuvering the Shuttle to an appropriate attitude. The IPS could aim instruments more accurately than the Shuttle and kept them fixed on a target as the Shuttle moved. On the first pallet, three solar instruments and one atmospheric instrument were mounted on the IPS. Spacelab-2 was the first pallet-only mission. One of the goals of the mission was to verify that the pallets' configuration was satisfactory for observations and research. Except for two biological experiments and an experiment that uses ground-based instruments, the Spacelab-2 scientific instruments needed direct exposure to space. The Spacelab-2 mission was designed to capitalize on the Shuttle-Spacelab capabilities to carry very large instruments, launch and retrieve satellites, and point several instruments independently with accuracy and stability. Spacelab-2 (STS-51F, 19th Shuttle mission) was launched on July 29, 1985 aboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Challenger. The Marshall Space Flight Center had overall management responsibilities of the Spacelab missions.

Spacelab

NASA Image and Video Library

1985-07-01

This photograph shows the Instrument Pointing System (IPS) for Spacelab-2 being deployed in the cargo bay of the Space Shuttle Orbiter Challenger. The European Space Agency (ESA) developed this irnovative pointing system for the Spacelab program. Previously, instruments were pointed toward particular celestial objects or areas by maneuvering the Shuttle to an appropriate attitude. The IPS could aim instruments more accurately than the Shuttle and kept them fixed on a target as the Shuttle moved. On the first pallet, three solar instruments and one atmospheric instrument were mounted on the IPS. Spacelab-2 was the first pallet-only mission. One of the goals of the mission was to verify that the pallets' configuration was satisfactory for observations and research. Except for two biological experiments and an experiment that used ground-based instruments, the Spacelab-2 scientific instruments needed direct exposure to space. The Spacelab-2 mission was designed to capitalize on the Shuttle-Spacelab capabilities to carry very large instruments, launch and retrieve satellites, and point several instruments independently with accuracy and stability. Spacelab-2 (STS-51F, 19th Shuttle mission) was launched on July 29, 1985 aboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Challenger. The Marshall Space Flight Center had overall management responsibilities of the Spacelab missions.

Application work risk of manual material handling operators using different lifting methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anizar; Matondang, AR; Sibarani, JA

2018-02-01

This study observed the activity of lifting and moving crates containing bottles at a pallet station in a carbonated drink factory. The activity of moving crates, each weighing 15 kg, is performed by four operators using different methods. An operator manually moves 250 crates daily and often takes rest during working. This study aims to find the most efficient method, that is using the least energy, to move crates. The workload is assessed using the method of Cardiovascular Strain Load (CVL) and energy expenditure. Operators’ arterial pulse is measured for 1 minute right before they start working and after they finish working; this is done to obtain work arterial pulse and rest arterial pulse. The way operators lift crates is analyzed using biomechanics. It is found that fatigue is experienced by all operators, with the exception of the 3rd operator who has a %CVL number below 30%. He positions the pallet to be parallel to the conveyor, and then stand in between during the lifting process. He only rotates his body to move the crate from the conveyor onto the pallet, requiring only little energy. This is one of the reasons why the %CVL number is lower than the other operators.

Earth Observations Capabilities of the International Space Station

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eppler, Dean B.; Scott, Karen P.

The International Space Station (ISS) is presently being assembled through the joint efforts of the United States, Russia, Canada, Japan, the European Space Agency and Brazil, and will be an orbiting, multi-use facility expected to remain on-orbit into the next decade. The orbital inclination of 51.6 degrees allows the ISS to overfly approximately 75% of the Earth's land area and approximately 95% of the Earth's population. Due to the westward precession of orbit tracks, the ISS will overfly the same location approximately every three days, with the identical lighting conditions being repeated every three months. The ISS has two basic capabilities for Earth observations: a fused silica window in the Destiny laboratory, and sites on the external truss and partner modules that accommodate external payloads. The Destiny laboratory has a window port built into its nadir facing side. The window consists of 3 panes of Corning 7940 fused silica which are approximately 56 cm in diameter, providing an approximately 51 cm clear aperture. In 1996, the ISS Program agreed to upgrade the glass in the Destiny window to a set of stringent optical performance requirements. The window has a wavefront error of 1/15 wavelength peak-to-valley over a 15.2 cm aperture relative to a reference wavelength of 632.8 nm, which will allow up to a 30 cm telescope to be flown. The flight article window was radiometrically calibrated in May of 2000, indicating that the window had better than 95% transmittance in the visible region, with a steep drop-off in the ultraviolet and a gradual drop-off in the infrared from the visible through the near and short wave infrared spectra. Utilization of the optical performance of the Destiny window requires the use of the Window Observational Research Facility (WORF). The WORF is essentially an Express rack with a 0.8 m^3 payload volume centered on the Destiny window. The payload volume provides mounting surfaces for window payload hardware, including a stiff lower payload shelf designed to minimize transmission of ISS vibrations into the payload. The interior of the WORF will be sealed by means of an aisle-side hatch. The interior of the payload volume will be painted flat black, to allow investigations of faint upper atmosphere phenomenon such as aurora. WORF will provide power, data and cooling water for up to three payloads simultaneously. Power will be 28 Volts DC. WORF will also provide an average downlink data on the order of 2 Mpbs. Investigators will be able to operate their payloads autonomously from their institution, with data going through the Huntsville Operations Support Center at Marshall Space Flight Center. It is generally expected that WORF payloads will operate autonomously, although crewmembers can operate payloads from the Destiny laboratory aisle using an externally mounted laptop. The WORF design accommodates crew observations as well. The WORF includes a variety of crew stabilization devices, as well as brackets to allow vibration-free operation of still cameras and video recorders. The four external payload accommodations that will be discussed are the USOS Truss Segment 3 (S3), the EXPRESS Pallet System (ExPS) when mounted on S3, the Columbus Exposed Payload Facility (CEPF), and the Japanese Experiment Module - Exposed Facility (JEM-EF). The S3 has four sites available for payloads. Two of these sites are on the nadir side of the truss and provide terrestrial viewing. The current NASA long-term plans are to mount an EXPRESS Pallet on each of the sites The ExPS is a facility that can be attached at the NASA primary external locations on the S3 Truss to support up to six smaller payloads. The ExPS consists of the EXPRESS Pallet, the EXPRESS Pallet Controller and the EXPRESS Pallet Adapters. User developed payloads are attached and interfaced to the EXPRESS Pallet Adapter and through this EXPRESS Pallet Adapter, the EXPRESS Pallet System provides the payloads with an attachment location, power, and data. The CEPF consists of two mounted structures attached to the starboard end-cone of the Columbus module. Each of these structures has accommodations for attaching two external payloads. One of the four sites provides and excellent nadir view and two of the other sites provides a significant nadir viewing opportunity. The mechanical attachment is compatible with that of the EXPRESS Pallet. The JEM-EF is module-sized structure attached to port end-cone of the JEM Pressurized Module. There are ten locations for attaching payloads and each of the locations provides simultaneous nadir and zenith viewing.

The European Spacelab structural design evolution

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thirkettle, A. J.

1982-01-01

Spacelab is a manned, reusable laboratory which is being developed for the European Space Agency (ESA). In its working mode it will fly in low earth orbit in the cargo bay of the Shuttle Transportation System (STS) Orbiter. A description is presented of the structural development of the various features of Spacelab. System requirements are considered along with structural requirements, quasi-static loads, acoustic loads, pressure loads, crash loads, ground loads, and the fatigue profile. Aspects of thermal environment generation are discussed, and questions regarding the design evolution of the pallet structure are examined. Details of pallet structure testing are reported, taking into account static strength tests, acoustic tests, the modal survey test, crash tests, and fatigue/fracture mechanics testing.

Plasma physics and environmental perturbation laboratory. [magnetospheric experiments from space shuttle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vogl, J. L.

1973-01-01

Current work aimed at identifying the active magnetospheric experiments that can be performed from the Space Shuttle, and designing a laboratory to carry out these experiments is described. The laboratory, known as the PPEPL (Plasma Physics and Environmental Perturbation Laboratory) consists of 35-ft pallet of instruments connected to a 25-ft pressurized control module. The systems deployed from the pallet are two 50-m booms, two subsatellites, a high-power transmitter, a multipurpose accelerator, a set of deployable canisters, and a gimbaled instrument platform. Missions are planned to last seven days, during which two scientists will carry out experiments from within the pressurized module. The type of experiments to be performed are outlined.

Phase A conceptual design study of the Atmospheric, Magnetospheric and Plasmas in Space (AMPS) payload

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

The 12 month Phase A Conceptual Design Study of the Atmospheric, Magnetospheric and Plasmas in Space (AMPS) payload performed within the Program Development Directorate of the Marshall Space Flight Center is presented. The AMPS payload makes use of the Spacelab pressurized module and pallet, is launched by the space shuttle, and will have initial flight durations of 7 days. Scientific instruments including particle accelerators, high power transmitters, optical instruments, and chemical release devices are mounted externally on the Spacelab pallet and are controlled by the experimenters from within the pressurized module. The capability of real-time scientist interaction on-orbit with the experiment is a major characteristic of AMPS.

TERSSE: Definition of the Total Earth Resources System for the Shuttle Era. Volume 6: An Early Shuttle Pallet Concept for the Earth Resources Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

A space shuttle sortie mission which can be performed inexpensively in the early shuttle era and which, if the necessary intermediate steps are accomplished provides a major technological advance for the user organization-the U.S. Bureau of Census is described. The orbital configuration created for the Urban Land Use/1980 Census mission is illustrated including sensors and ground support equipment along with the information flow for the mission. Factors discussed include: specific Census Bureau functions to be supported by the mission; hardware and flight operations necessary for implementation of the mission; and integration of the TERSSE pallet into a shuttle mission.

Dosimetry procedures for an industrial irradiation plant

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grahn, Ch.

Accurate and reliable dosimetry procedures constitute a very important part of process control and quality assurance at a radiation processing plant. γ-Dose measurements were made on the GBS 84 irradiator for food and other products on pallets or in containers. Chemical dosimeters wre exposed in the facility under conditions of the typical plant operation. The choice of the dosimeter systems employed was based on the experience in chemical dosimetry gained over several years. Dose uniformity information was obtained in air, spices, bulbs, feeds, cosmetics, plastics and surgical goods. Most products currently irradiated require dose uniformity which can be efficiently provided by pallet or box irradiators like GBS 84. The radiation performance characteristics and some dosimetry procedures are discussed.

KSC-99pp1186

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-10-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Escort vehicles prepare to leave the Shuttle Landing Facility with the S1 truss (at right) on its trek to the Operations and Checkout Building. Manufactured by the Boeing Co. in Huntington Beach, Calif., this component of the ISS is the first starboard (right-side) truss segment, whose main job is providing structural support for the orbiting research facility's radiator panels that cool the Space Station's complex power system. The S1 truss segment also will house communications systems, external experiment positions and other subsystems. Primarily constructed of aluminum, the truss segment is 45 feet long, 15 feet wide and 6 feet tall. When fully outfitted, it will weigh 31,137 pounds. The truss is slated for flight in 2001. The truss arrived at KSC aboard NASA's Super Guppy, seen in the background. The aircraft is uniquely built with a 25-foot diameter fuselage designed to handle oversized loads and a "fold-away" nose that opens 110 degrees for cargo loading. A system of rails in the cargo compartment, used with either Guppy pallets or fixtures designed for specific cargo, makes cargo loading simple and efficient. Rollers mounted in the rails allow pallets or fixtures to be moved by an electric winch mounted beneath the cargo floor. Automatic hydraulic lock pins in each rail secure the pallet for flight

STS-66 Official Crew insignia

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1994-01-01

Designed by the crew members, the STS-66 emblem depicts the Space Shuttle Atlantis launching into Earth orbit to study global environmental change. The payload for the Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (ATLAS-3) and complimentary experiments are part of a continuing study of the atmosphere and the Sun's influence on it. The Space Shuttle is trailed by gold plumes representing the astronaut symbol and is superimposed over the Earth, much of which is visible from the flight's high inclination orbit. Sensitive instruments aboard the ATLAS pallet in the Shuttle payload bay and on the free-flying Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmospheric-Shuttle Pallet Satellite (CHRISTA-SPAS) will gaze down on Earth and toward the Sun, illustrated by the stylized sunrise and visible spectrum.

Space Shuttle Projects

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-09-13

Designed by the mission crew members, the STS-66 emblem depicts the Space Shuttle Atlantis launching into Earth orbit to study global environmental change. The payload for the Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (ATLAS-3) and complementary experiments were part of a continuing study of the atmosphere and the Sun's influence on it. The Space Shuttle is trailed by gold plumes representing the astronaut symbol and is superimposed over Earth, much of which is visible from the flight's high inclination orbit. Sensitive instruments aboard the ATLAS pallet in the Shuttle payload bay and on the free-flying Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmospheric-Shuttle Pallet Satellite (CHRISTA-SPAS) that gazed down on Earth and toward the Sun, are illustrated by the stylized sunrise and visible spectrum.

STS-35 ASTRO-1 telescopes documented in OV-102's payload bay (PLB)

NASA Image and Video Library

1990-12-10

STS035-13-008 (2-10 Dec. 1990) --- The various components of the Astro-1 payload are seen backdropped against the blue and white Earth in this 35mm scene photographed through Columbia's aft flight deck windows. Parts of the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT), Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UIT) and the Wisconsin Ultraviolet Photo-Polarimeter Experiment (WUPPE) are visible on the Spacelab Pallet in the foreground. The Broad Band X-Ray Telescope (BBXRT) is behind this pallet and is not visible in this scene. The smaller cylinder in the foreground is the "Igloo," which is a pressurized container housing the Command and Data Management System, which interfaces with the in-cabin controllers to control the Instrument Pointing System (IPS) and the telescopes.

Improvement in fresh fruit and vegetable logistics quality: berry logistics field studies.

PubMed

do Nascimento Nunes, M Cecilia; Nicometo, Mike; Emond, Jean Pierre; Melis, Ricardo Badia; Uysal, Ismail

2014-06-13

Shelf life of fresh fruits and vegetables is greatly influenced by environmental conditions. Increasing temperature usually results in accelerated loss of quality and shelf-life reduction, which is not physically visible until too late in the supply chain to adjust logistics to match shelf life. A blackberry study showed that temperatures inside pallets varied significantly and 57% of the berries arriving at the packinghouse did not have enough remaining shelf life for the longest supply routes. Yet, the advanced shelf-life loss was not physically visible. Some of those pallets would be sent on longer supply routes than necessary, creating avoidable waste. Other studies showed that variable pre-cooling at the centre of pallets resulted in physically invisible uneven shelf life. We have shown that using simple temperature measurements much waste can be avoided using 'first expiring first out'. Results from our studies showed that shelf-life prediction should not be based on a single quality factor as, depending on the temperature history, the quality attribute that limits shelf life may vary. Finally, methods to use air temperature to predict product temperature for highest shelf-life prediction accuracy in the absence of individual sensors for each monitored product have been developed. Our results show a significant reduction of up to 98% in the root-mean-square-error difference between the product temperature and air temperature when advanced estimation methods are used.

KSC-99pp1181

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-10-06

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- NASA's Super Guppy airplane, with the International Space Station's (ISS) S1 truss aboard, rolls to a stop at KSC's Shuttle Landing Facility. Manufactured by the Boeing Co. in Huntington Beach, Calif., this component of the ISS is the first starboard (right-side) truss segment, whose main job is providing structural support for the orbiting research facility's radiator panels that cool the Space Station's complex power system. The S1 truss segment also will house communications systems, external experiment positions and other subsystems. Primarily constructed of aluminum, the truss segment is 45 feet long, 15 feet wide and 6 feet tall. When fully outfitted, it will weigh 31,137 pounds. The truss is slated for flight in 2001. The Super Guppy, with its 25-foot diameter fuselage designed to handle oversized loads, is well prepared to transport the truss and other ISS segments. Loading the Guppy is easy because of the unique "fold-away" nose of the aircraft that opens 110 degrees for cargo loading. A system of rails in the cargo compartment, used with either Guppy pallets or fixtures designed for specific cargo, makes cargo loading simple and efficient. Rollers mounted in the rails allow pallets or fixtures to be moved by an electric winch mounted beneath the cargo floor. Automatic hydraulic lock pins in each rail secure the pallet for flight. The truss is to be transferred to the Operations and Checkout Building

KSC-99pp1180

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-10-06

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- NASA's Super Guppy airplane, with the International Space Station's (ISS) S1 truss aboard, arrives at KSC's Shuttle Landing Facility from Marshall Space Flight Center. Manufactured by the Boeing Co. in Huntington Beach, Calif., this component of the ISS is the first starboard (right-side) truss segment, whose main job is providing structural support for the orbiting research facility's radiator panels that cool the Space Station's complex power system. The S1 truss segment also will house communications systems, external experiment positions and other subsystems. Primarily constructed of aluminum, the truss segment is 45 feet long, 15 feet wide and 6 feet tall. When fully outfitted, it will weigh 31,137 pounds. The truss is slated for flight in 2001. The Super Guppy, with its 25-foot diameter fuselage designed to handle oversized loads, is well prepared to transport the truss and other ISS segments. Loading the Guppy is easy because of the unique "fold-away" nose of the aircraft that opens 110 degrees for cargo loading. A system of rails in the cargo compartment, used with either Guppy pallets or fixtures designed for specific cargo, makes cargo loading simple and efficient. Rollers mounted in the rails allow pallets or fixtures to be moved by an electric winch mounted beneath the cargo floor. Automatic hydraulic lock pins in each rail secure the pallet for flight. The truss is to be moved to the Operations and Checkout Building

KSC-99pp1182

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-10-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At KSC's Shuttle Landing Facility, NASA's Super Guppy opens to reveal its cargo, the International Space Station's (ISS) S1 truss. Manufactured by the Boeing Co. in Huntington Beach, Calif., this component of the ISS is the first starboard (right-side) truss segment, whose main job is providing structural support for the orbiting research facility's radiator panels that cool the Space Station's complex power system. The S1 truss segment also will house communications systems, external experiment positions and other subsystems. Primarily constructed of aluminum, the truss segment is 45 feet long, 15 feet wide and 6 feet tall. When fully outfitted, it will weigh 31,137 pounds. The truss is slated for flight in 2001. The Super Guppy, with its 25-foot diameter fuselage designed to handle oversized loads, is well prepared to transport the truss and other ISS segments. Loading the Guppy is easy because of the unique "fold-away" nose of the aircraft that opens 110 degrees for cargo loading. A system of rails in the cargo compartment, used with either Guppy pallets or fixtures designed for specific cargo, makes cargo loading simple and efficient. Rollers mounted in the rails allow pallets or fixtures to be moved by an electric winch mounted beneath the cargo floor. Automatic hydraulic lock pins in each rail secure the pallet for flight. The truss is to be transferred to the Operations and Checkout Building

KSC-99pp1185

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-10-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At the Shuttle Landing Facility, workers attach cranes to the S1 truss, a segment of the International Space Station, to lift the truss to a payload transporter for its transfer to the Operations and Checkout Building. Manufactured by the Boeing Co. in Huntington Beach, Calif., this component of the ISS is the first starboard (right-side) truss segment, whose main job is providing structural support for the orbiting research facility's radiator panels that cool the Space Station's complex power system. The S1 truss segment also will house communications systems, external experiment positions and other subsystems. Primarily constructed of aluminum, the truss segment is 45 feet long, 15 feet wide and 6 feet tall. When fully outfitted, it will weigh 31,137 pounds. The truss is slated for flight in 2001. The truss arrived at KSC aboard NASA's Super Guppy, with a 25-foot diameter fuselage designed to handle oversized loads. Loading the Guppy is easy because of the unique "fold-away" nose of the aircraft that opens 110 degrees for cargo loading. A system of rails in the cargo compartment, used with either Guppy pallets or fixtures designed for specific cargo, makes cargo loading simple and efficient. Rollers mounted in the rails allow pallets or fixtures to be moved by an electric winch mounted beneath the cargo floor. Automatic hydraulic lock pins in each rail secure the pallet for flight

KSC-99pp1183

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-10-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At the Shuttle Landing Facility, the newly arrived S1 truss, a segment of the International Space Station (ISS), is offloaded from NASA's Super Guppy aircraft. Manufactured by the Boeing Co. in Huntington Beach, Calif., this component of the ISS is the first starboard (right-side) truss segment, whose main job is providing structural support for the orbiting research facility's radiator panels that cool the Space Station's complex power system. The S1 truss segment also will house communications systems, external experiment positions and other subsystems. Primarily constructed of aluminum, the truss segment is 45 feet long, 15 feet wide and 6 feet tall. When fully outfitted, it will weigh 31,137 pounds. The truss is slated for flight in 2001. The Super Guppy, with its 25-foot diameter fuselage designed to handle oversized loads, is well prepared to transport the truss and other ISS segments. Loading the Guppy is easy because of the unique "fold-away" nose of the aircraft that opens 110 degrees for cargo loading. A system of rails in the cargo compartment, used with either Guppy pallets or fixtures designed for specific cargo, makes cargo loading simple and efficient. Rollers mounted in the rails allow pallets or fixtures to be moved by an electric winch mounted beneath the cargo floor. Automatic hydraulic lock pins in each rail secure the pallet for flight. The truss is being transferred to the Operations and Checkout Building

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - A rudder speed brake actuator sits on an air-bearing pallet to undergo X-raying. Four actuators to be installed on the orbiter Discovery are being X-rayed at the Radiographic High-Energy X-ray Facility to determine if the gears were installed correctly. Discovery has been assigned to the first Return to Flight mission, STS-114, a logistics flight to the International Space Station.

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-03-08

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - A rudder speed brake actuator sits on an air-bearing pallet to undergo X-raying. Four actuators to be installed on the orbiter Discovery are being X-rayed at the Radiographic High-Energy X-ray Facility to determine if the gears were installed correctly. Discovery has been assigned to the first Return to Flight mission, STS-114, a logistics flight to the International Space Station.

Hand-portable gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometer for the determination of the freshness of fish

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Snyder, A. Peter; Harden, Charles S.; Davis, Dennis M.; Shoff, Donald B.; Maswadeh, Waleed M.

1995-01-01

A hand-held, portable gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometer (GC-IMS) device was used to detect the presence of volatile amine compounds in the headspace of decomposing fish. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) largely relies on olfactory discrimination with respect to fresh and spoiled, frozen and unfrozen fish. The fish are delivered at ship docks on pallets, and each pallet of fish can range from 30-40 thousand dollars in value. Fresh fish were placed in a teflon bag and the direct headspace was interrogated. In the first three days, only low molecular weight volatile amines were detected. On the fourth day, a number of spectral signatures were observed which indicated the presence of 1,5-diaminopentane, cadaverine. Analyses typically took from 0.5-1 minute.

48 CFR 211.275-1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Documents 211.275-1 Definitions. Bulk commodities, case, palletized unit load, passive RFID tag, and radio frequency identification are defined in the clause at 252.211-7006, Passive Radio Frequency Identification...

14 CFR 1214.810 - Integration of payloads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... performing the following typical Spacelab-payload mission management functions: (1) Analytical design of the... integration of experiments into racks and/or onto pallets. (5) Provision of payload unique software for use...

INFLIGHT - STS-7

NASA Image and Video Library

1983-06-27

Full views of "Challenger" in Space, taken by the Shuttle Pallet Satellite (SPAS), also views of Cargo Bay and Remote Manipulator System (RMS) extended. 1. SHUTTLE - RMS (STS-7) Also available in 4x5 CN

7 CFR 247.25 - Allowable uses of administrative funds and other funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... equipment include automated information systems, automated data processing equipment, and other computer... sale of packing containers or pallets, and the salvage of commodities. Program income does not include...

7 CFR 247.25 - Allowable uses of administrative funds and other funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... equipment include automated information systems, automated data processing equipment, and other computer... sale of packing containers or pallets, and the salvage of commodities. Program income does not include...

7 CFR 247.25 - Allowable uses of administrative funds and other funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... equipment include automated information systems, automated data processing equipment, and other computer... sale of packing containers or pallets, and the salvage of commodities. Program income does not include...

7 CFR 247.25 - Allowable uses of administrative funds and other funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... equipment include automated information systems, automated data processing equipment, and other computer... sale of packing containers or pallets, and the salvage of commodities. Program income does not include...

49 CFR 178.935 - Standards for wooden Large Packagings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... this section apply to wooden Large Packagings intended to contain solids. Wooden Large Packaging types... transportation. Where a detachable pallet is used, its top surface must be free from protrusions that might...

49 CFR 178.935 - Standards for wooden Large Packagings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... this section apply to wooden Large Packagings intended to contain solids. Wooden Large Packaging types... transportation. Where a detachable pallet is used, its top surface must be free from protrusions that might...

49 CFR 178.935 - Standards for wooden Large Packagings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... this section apply to wooden Large Packagings intended to contain solids. Wooden Large Packaging types... transportation. Where a detachable pallet is used, its top surface must be free from protrusions that might...

Manufacture of industrial products from oak

Treesearch

Hugh W. Reynolds

1971-01-01

The three largest and fastest growing markets for oak are railroad crossties, reusable pallets, and truck and container flooring. Manufacturers of oak lumber are advised to keep these products in mind when planning their production.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Workers at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station place one of four rudder speed brake actuators onto a pallet for X-ray. The actuators, to be installed on the orbiter Discovery, are being X-rayed at the Radiographic High-Energy X-ray Facility to determine if the gears were installed correctly. Discovery has been assigned to the first Return to Flight mission, STS-114, a logistics flight to the International Space Station.

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-03-08

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Workers at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station place one of four rudder speed brake actuators onto a pallet for X-ray. The actuators, to be installed on the orbiter Discovery, are being X-rayed at the Radiographic High-Energy X-ray Facility to determine if the gears were installed correctly. Discovery has been assigned to the first Return to Flight mission, STS-114, a logistics flight to the International Space Station.

Controlled impact demonstration on-board (interior) photographic system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

May, C. J.

1986-01-01

Langley Research Center (LaRC) was responsible for the design, manufacture, and integration of all hardware required for the photographic system used to film the interior of the controlled impact demonstration (CID) B-720 aircraft during actual crash conditions. Four independent power supplies were constructed to operate the ten high-speed 16 mm cameras and twenty-four floodlights. An up-link command system, furnished by Ames Dryden Flight Research Facility (ADFRF), was necessary to activate the power supplies and start the cameras. These events were accomplished by initiation of relays located on each of the photo power pallets. The photographic system performed beyond expectations. All four power distribution pallets with their 20 year old Minuteman batteries performed flawlessly. All 24 lamps worked. All ten on-board high speed (400 fps) 16 mm cameras containing good resolution film data were recovered.

Field studies in support of Nimbus-E surface composition mapping radiometer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lyon, R. J. P.; Green, A. A.

1973-01-01

If the outputs of the two channels are spacially registered and combined to generate a third variable which reflects the differences between the two outputs, then this variable can then be redisplayed in image form and its magnitude should be relatable to the silica content of the rocks imaged. Two methods were proposed for generating this third variable, the first is to take the difference in apparent temperature between the two channels and the second is to ratio the voltage outputs of the two channels. The responses of the two channel high resolution surface composition mapping radiometer and the thermal channels of the MSDS scanner were calculated from data recorded with the NASA IR pallet and simulate the output of these systems had they been flying over the same targets as the IR pallet.

STS-35 ASTRO-1 telescopes documented in OV-102's payload bay (PLB)

NASA Image and Video Library

1990-12-10

STS035-604-058 (2-10 Dec 1990) --- The various components of the Astro-1 payload are seen backdropped against the blue and white Earth in this scene photographed through Columbia's aft flight deck windows. Parts of the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT), Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UIT) and the Wisconsin Ultraviolet Photopolarimetry Experiment (WUPPE) are visible on the Spacelab pallet in the foreground. The Broad Band X-ray Telescope (BBXRT) is behind this pallet and is not visible in this scene. The smaller cylinder in the foreground is the "Igloo," which is a pressurized container housing the Command and Data Management System, which interfaces with the in-cabin controllers to control the Instrument Pointing System (IPS) and the telescopes. The photograph was made with a handheld Rolleiflex camera aimed through Columbia's aft flight deck windows.

[Biomechanical risk assessment of manual material handling in vegetables and fruit departments of supermarkets].

PubMed

Draicchio, F; Silvetti, A; Badellino, E; Vinci, F

2007-01-01

There is little in the literature about the risks of manual handling of material in supermarkets and what there is refers solely to storehouse work. This contrasts with the substantial number of studies of the risk of repeated arm movements among supermarket cash-desk staff. The scarcity of information is partly due to the difficulties of applying widely employed, standardized evaluation methods in this sector. One of the conditions limiting the application of the NIOSH protocol in this retail sector is that lifting tasks are so often closely tied to transport. The biomechanical analysis method we used brought to light considerable risks in many of the steps investigated: unpacking the pallet, unloading the crates from the pallet to the ground, lifting them from the floor onto display stands, and filling the boxes on the stands with goods before the shop opens. Images acquired on site were analyzed in the laboratory. We selected the most indicative images, which were then studied as regards posture and biomechanics using Apalys 3.0 software (ILMCAD GmbH, Ilmenau, Germany). Biomechemical analysis was done on the following movements: unloading crates from the pallet, positioning them on fruit and vegetable department display stands, and filling the boxes on the stands. We obtained a prediction of 2720 to 5472 N for the load at the lumbosacral junction (L5-S1). Simulation of the NIOSH index gave a value of 2.69 in the only case where the Waters protocol could be applied.

The effect of noble metal additives on the optimum operating temperature of SnO2 gas sensors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mohammad-Yousefi, S.; Rahbarpour, S.; Ghafoorifard, H.

2017-12-01

The effect of Pd and Au additives on gas sensing properties of SnO2 was investigated. SnO2 pallets were fabricated and sintered at 900 °C for 90 minutes. Several nanometer layers of Pd and Au were deposited on separate SnO2 pallets and were intentionally dispersed into the SnO2 pallets by long heat treatment (400 °C for 1 Day). All metal loaded samples showed significant enhancement in response level and optimum operating temperature compare to pure SnO2 gas sensors. The amount of enhancement was strongly dependent on the material and the thickness of deposited metal layer. Studying butanol response showed that increasing the thickness of metal causes the response level to increase. Further thickness increase caused contrary effect and decreased the performance of sensors. Best results were achieved at 10 nm-thick Au and 7 nm-thick Pd. Generally, Pd-SnO2 samples demonstrated better performance than Au-SnO2 ones, however, Au-SnO2 samples were proved to be good candidate to sense reducing gases with lower hydrogen atoms in their formula. Given experimental results were also good evidence of chemical activity of gold and simply confirms the relation between chemical activity and gold particle size. Results were qualitatively described by gas diffusion theory and surface reactions take place on metal particles.The first section in your paper

KSC-99pp1184

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-10-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- At the Shuttle Landing Facility, the S1 truss, a segment of the International Space Station, is moved away from the Super Guppy that brought it to KSC from Marshall Space Flight Center. Manufactured by the Boeing Co. in Huntington Beach, Calif., this component of the ISS is the first starboard (right-side) truss segment, whose main job is providing structural support for the orbiting research facility's radiator panels that cool the Space Station's complex power system. The S1 truss segment also will house communications systems, external experiment positions and other subsystems. Primarily constructed of aluminum, the truss segment is 45 feet long, 15 feet wide and 6 feet tall. When fully outfitted, it will weigh 31,137 pounds. The truss is slated for flight in 2001. The Super Guppy, with its 25-foot diameter fuselage designed to handle oversized loads, is well prepared to transport the truss and other ISS segments. Loading the Guppy is easy because of the unique "fold-away" nose of the aircraft that opens 110 degrees for cargo loading. A system of rails in the cargo compartment, used with either Guppy pallets or fixtures designed for specific cargo, makes cargo loading simple and efficient. Rollers mounted in the rails allow pallets or fixtures to be moved by an electric winch mounted beneath the cargo floor. Automatic hydraulic lock pins in each rail secure the pallet for flight. The truss is being transferred to the Operations and Checkout Building

STS-112 S1 Truss Payload arrives at KSC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1999-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- NASA's Super Guppy airplane, with the International Space Station's (ISS) S1 truss aboard, rolls to a stop at KSC's Shuttle Landing Facility. Manufactured by the Boeing Co. in Huntington Beach, Calif., this component of the I SS is the first starboard (right-side) truss segment, whose main job is providing structural support for the orbiting research facility's radiator panels that cool the Space Station's complex power system. The S1 truss segment also will house communicatio ns systems, external experiment positions and other subsystems. Primarily constructed of aluminum, the truss segment is 45 feet long, 15 feet wide and 6 feet tall. When fully outfitted, it will weigh 31,137 pounds. The truss is slated for flight in 2001. The Super Guppy, with its 25-foot diameter fuselage designed to handle oversized loads, is well prepared to transport the truss and other ISS segments. Loading the Guppy is easy because of the unique 'fold-away' nose of the aircraft that opens 110 degrees for cargo loading. A system of rails in the cargo compartment, used with either Guppy pallets or fixtures designed for specific cargo, makes cargo loading simple and efficient. Rollers mounted in the rails allow pallets or fixtures to be moved by an elec tric winch mounted beneath the cargo floor. Automatic hydraulic lock pins in each rail secure the pallet for flight. The truss is to be transferred to the Operations and Checkout Building

77 FR 74170 - Foreign-Trade Zone 84-Houston, TX; Notification of Proposed Production Activity; Mitsubishi...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-13

..., tubes, pipes, hoses, tires, rods, containers, handles, belts), pallets, wood packing boxes, cases, other..., wrenches, hand tools, flexible tubing, engines, parts of engines, water boilers, control panels, control...

Military Sealift Command

Science.gov Websites

well approximately 3 million gallons of jet fuel and 6 million gallons of diesel ship fuel to the USS replenishments-at-sea, delivering 740 pallets of food equipment, as well approximately 3 million gallons of jet

48 CFR 211.275-2 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... (RFID), in the form of a passive RFID tag, is required for cases and palletized unit loads packaging...://www.acq.osd.mil/log/rfid/ or to— (i) A location outside the contiguous United States when the shipment...

48 CFR 211.275-2 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... (RFID), in the form of a passive RFID tag, is required for cases and palletized unit loads packaging...://www.acq.osd.mil/log/rfid/ or to— (i) A location outside the contiguous United States when the shipment...

48 CFR 211.275-2 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... (RFID), in the form of a passive RFID tag, is required for cases and palletized unit loads packaging...://www.acq.osd.mil/log/rfid/ or to— (i) A location outside the contiguous United States when the shipment...

48 CFR 211.275-2 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... (RFID), in the form of a passive RFID tag, is required for cases and palletized unit loads packaging...://www.acq.osd.mil/log/rfid/ or to— (i) A location outside the contiguous United States when the shipment...

Knoxville World's Fair OSS-1 display

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1982-01-01

Knoxville World's Fair OSS-1 display. Photo is of an upright exhibit giving an explanation of each experiment in the OSS-1 pallet and a line drawing showing either the experiment or its location in the shuttle payload bay.

7 CFR 989.167 - Disposal of reserve raisins.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... respect to any varietal type of raisins, that a downward trend in the price received by producers for free... pallets used in the transfer to the handler from whom the raisins were transferred within 10 business days...

7 CFR 989.167 - Disposal of reserve raisins.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... respect to any varietal type of raisins, that a downward trend in the price received by producers for free... pallets used in the transfer to the handler from whom the raisins were transferred within 10 business days...

Europe creates a workplace in space

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Velupillai, D.

1982-05-01

The spacelab pallets, both long and short, and the equipment, operation, and safety features are described, noting that the project was undertaken by joint agreement between NASA and ESA. Fire extinguishers are included which can be controlled from the Orbiter, from which the oxygen supply originates. Spacelab has its own power and temperature control systems and is purely a work area, which makes it necessary for the crew to eat and sleep in the Shuttle cabin. The shell of the module is composed of aluminum alloy panels, and a 25 mm hole caused by a meteorite can be tolerated. Fracture mechanics simulations have contributed to a leak-before-burst philosophy for the safety of the vessel exterior. The large module is 7 m long and 4.06 m in diameter, while the short module is 2.7 m long and the same diameter. An unmanned igloo can also be flown with palleted instruments to provide power, control, and telemetry.

Addendum report to atmospheric science facility pallet-only mode space transportation system payload feasibility study, volume 3, revision A

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1976-01-01

The feasibility of accomplishing selected atmospheric science mission using a pallet-only mode was studied. Certain unresolved issues were identified. The first issue was that of assuring that the on-board computer facility was adequate to process scientific data, control subsystems such as instrument pointing, provide mission operational program capability, and accomplish display and control. The second issue evolved from an investigation of the availability of existing substitute instruments that could be used instead of the prime instrumentation where the development tests and schedules are incompatible with the realistic budgets and shuttle vehicle schedules. Some effort was expended on identifying candidate substitute instruments, and the performance, cost, and development schedule trade-offs found during that effort were significant enough to warrant a follow-on investigation. This addendum documents the results of that follow-on effort, as it applies to the Atmospheric Sciences Facility.

[Exposure to whole body vibrations in workers moving heavy items by mechanical vehicles in the warehouse of a large retail outlet].

PubMed

Siciliano, E; Rossi, A; Nori, L

2007-01-01

Efficient warehouse management and item transportation is of fundamental importance in the commercial outlet in exam. Whole body vibrations have been measured in various types of machines, some of which not widely studied yet, like the electrical pallet truck. In some tasks (fork lifts drivers) vibrations propagate through the driving seat whereas in some other tasks (electrical pallet trucks, stackers), operated in a standing posture, vibrations propagate through the lower limbs. Results have been provided for a homogeneous job tasks. In particular conditions, the action level of the Italian national (and European) regulations on occupational exposure to WBV may be exceeded. The authors propose a simple system of probabilistic classification of the risk of exposure to whole body vibrations, based on the respective areas of the distribution which lay within the three risk classes.

View of ASTRO-2 payload in cargo bay of STS-67 Endeavour

NASA Image and Video Library

1995-03-17

STS067-713-072 (2-18 March 1995) --- This 70mm cargo bay scene, backdropped against a desert area of Namibia, typifies the view that daily greeted the Astro-2 crew members during their almost 17-days aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour. Positioned on the Spacelab pallet amidst other hardware, the Astro-2 payload is in its operational mode. Visible here are the Instrument Pointing System (IPS), Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT), Star Tracker (ST), Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UIT), Wisconsin Ultraviolet Photo-Polarimeter Experiment (WUPPE), and Integrated Radiator System (IRS). At this angle, the Optical Sensor Package (OPS) is not seen. The Igloo, which supports the package of experiments, is in center foreground. Two Get-Away Special (GAS) canisters are in lower left foreground. The Extended Duration Orbiter (EDO) pallet, located aft of the cargo bay, is obscured by the Astro-2 payload. The Endeavour was 190 nautical miles above Earth.

Wear characterization of nano-hydroxyapatite with addition of titanium (HA-Ti)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rosmamuhamadani, R.; Arawi, A. Z. O.; Talari, M. K.; Mahat, M. M.; Bonnia, N. N.; Sabrina; Yahaya, M.; Sulaiman, S.; Ismail, M. I. S.

2018-04-01

Hydroxyapatite (Ca10 (PO4)6(OH)2, HA), is an attractive material of an inorganic compound whose chemical composition and crystallographic structures are similar to the composition of the bone. A natural source such as egg shells is composed of 94 wt. % of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), which can be calcined as calcium oxide (CaO) by the calcinations process. The efficient temperature to produce CaO is 900 °C for 2 hours. The synthesis of nano-HA was done by the mixing the diammonium phosphate (DAP) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and subjected into a microwave for 30 minutes at 1100 W irradiation power. Ball milling process was used for 30 minutes to mix the nano-HA with different compositions of titanium. These were pressed to form pallets by hand hydraulic pump (force=2300 psi). The pallets then were sintered at 1200 °C with the heating rate of 3 °C/min for 2 hours. The pallets were tested by several mechanical testing including hardness, compression strength and wear. From the results, HA-25wt. %Ti composite gave the highest hardness, compression and coefficient of friction for wear test values which were 89.6 Hv, 82.5MPa and 0.76μ respectively. It showed that by adding Ti to nano-HA, the mechanical properties of nano-HA could be enhanced. The microstructure analyses by optical micrograph showed that nano-HA-Ti particles displayed shape likes needle morphology. The particles showed the high tendency to form the agglomerations.

A manned lunar outpost. Design considerations for three key elements in an initial manned lunar outpost

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bell, Larry; Trotti, Guillermo; Brown, Jeff; Bhattacharya, Nilajan; Moore, Nathan; Polette, Tom; Toups, Larry

1988-01-01

The Initial Manned Lunar Outpost (IMLO) is proposed as the initial permanent base for manned activities on the Moon. The study concentrated on identifying the equipment, support systems, and initial base configuration necessary to accomplish the various science, industrial and exploration activities planned. The primary concepts of the MLO were the use of hard modules for habitation areas creating a flexible, modular transportation system; designing a multi-functional vehicle; and using an overhead radiation protection system. The transportation system, dubbed the Lunar Mobile Surface Transport System (LMSTS), carries the hard modules to the surface of the moon and provides a method to move them to the desired location through the use of interchangeable pallets. The avionics pallets are changed-out with wheel and hitch pallets, transforming the LMSTS into a "tractor trailer" used with the Multi-Functional Vehicle (MFV). The modules are placed under the Regolith Support Structure (RSS) which provides a stable environment and radiation protection for the entire base. The overhead structure was chosen over simply burying the modules to provide a study on the advantages and disadvantages of this type of system. The advantages include easy access to the exterior of the modules, providing a protected area for vehicles and equipment used in EVA, and creating an area of constant temperature. Disadvantages include a need for prefabrication of structural components, including the preconstruction and construction phases of the initial MLO. The design approach taken considered existing and near-term materials and technology only, without the consideration of possible future building technologies.

26. OVERALL SHOT OF BASEMENT, MILL NO. 1. ORIGINALLY MACHINE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

26. OVERALL SHOT OF BASEMENT, MILL NO. 1. ORIGINALLY MACHINE SHOP. PALLETS ON FLOOR ADDED IN LATE 20th C. FOR CLOTH STORAGE. - Prattville Manufacturing Company, Number One, 242 South Court Street, Prattville, Autauga County, AL

Earth Science

NASA Image and Video Library

1992-03-24

Space Shuttle Atlantis (STS-45) onboard photo of Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (Atlas-1) module in open cargo bay. Atlas-1 pallets are back dropped against the Atlas Mountains. Taken over Mali in the western Sahara, shows dunes in the Iguidi Dune Sea.

40 CFR 62.9190 - Identification of sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Identification of sources. 62.9190 Section 62.9190 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS...: (a) A&A Enterprises, Ardmore, Oklahoma. (b) Henryetta Pallet Company, Henryetta, Oklahoma. (c...

40 CFR 62.9190 - Identification of sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Identification of sources. 62.9190 Section 62.9190 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS...: (a) A&A Enterprises, Ardmore, Oklahoma. (b) Henryetta Pallet Company, Henryetta, Oklahoma. (c...

40 CFR 62.9190 - Identification of sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Identification of sources. 62.9190 Section 62.9190 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS...: (a) A&A Enterprises, Ardmore, Oklahoma. (b) Henryetta Pallet Company, Henryetta, Oklahoma. (c...

The SHOLO mill: return on investment versus mill design

Treesearch

Hugh W. Reynolds; Charles J. Gatchell; Charles J. Gatchell

1971-01-01

The newly developed SHOLO (from SHOrt Log) process can be used to convert low-grade hardwood logs into parts for standard warehouse pallets and pulp chips. Should you build a SHOLO mill? This paper has been prepared to help you decide.

A preliminary demonstration of "virtual warehousing" and cross-docking technique with active RFID combined with asset tracking equipment.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-11-01

The University of Denvers Intermodal Transportation Institute and System Planning : Corporations GlobalTrak system have successfully demonstrated the integration of GPS : tracking and active RFID monitoring of simulated cargo of pallet and cart...

Analysis of Dual Mode Systems in an Urban Area : Volume 2. Study Results.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1973-12-01

Various forms of Dual Mode transportation were analyzed in order to assess the economic viability of the dual mode concept. Specially designed new small Dual Mode vehicles, modifications of existing automobiles, and pallet systems, all operating in c...

Analysis of Dual Mode Systems in an Urban Area : Volume 1. Summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1973-12-01

Various forms of Dual Mode transportation were analyzed in order to assess the economic viability of the dual mode concept. Specially designed new small Dual Mode vehicles, modifications of existing automobiles, and pallet systems, all operating in c...

Development of a Smart Release Algorithm for Mid-Air Separation of Parachute Test Articles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moore, James W.

2011-01-01

The Crew Exploration Vehicle Parachute Assembly System (CPAS) project is currently developing an autonomous method to separate a capsule-shaped parachute test vehicle from an air-drop platform for use in the test program to develop and validate the parachute system for the Orion spacecraft. The CPAS project seeks to perform air-drop tests of an Orion-like boilerplate capsule. Delivery of the boilerplate capsule to the test condition has proven to be a critical and complicated task. In the current concept, the boilerplate vehicle is extracted from an aircraft on top of a Type V pallet and then separated from the pallet in mid-air. The attitude of the vehicles at separation is critical to avoiding re-contact and successfully deploying the boilerplate into a heatshield-down orientation. Neither the pallet nor the boilerplate has an active control system. However, the attitude of the mated vehicle as a function of time is somewhat predictable. CPAS engineers have designed an avionics system to monitor the attitude of the mated vehicle as it is extracted from the aircraft and command a release when the desired conditions are met. The algorithm includes contingency capabilities designed to release the test vehicle before undesirable orientations occur. The algorithm was verified with simulation and ground testing. The pre-flight development and testing is discussed and limitations of ground testing are noted. The CPAS project performed a series of three drop tests as a proof-of-concept of the release technique. These tests helped to refine the attitude instrumentation and software algorithm to be used on future tests. The drop tests are described in detail and the evolution of the release system with each test is described.

Aircraft voice intercommunications system design for Project Oculus

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wilhelm, Jay; Smith, James E.

2006-05-01

Project Oculus, an ongoing research platform for deploying airborne sensors on a C-130 aircraft, is currently in its pre-flight testing phase. The sensor platform is divided into two systems that rest on standard 463L pallets; a sensor deployment pallet and an operator station. The sensor pallet consists of a deployment arm and a pod, which can contain various sensors. The operator station houses power control equipment, data acquisition, and operators who control the sensors. Oculus is designed to fly on a C-130 aircraft, which has very high internal audible noise. Although Oculus' operator station contains noise-deadening material, a headset intercommunication system needs to be designed. This system must comply with different headset standards, communicate with the C-130 intercom, and be expandable to accommodate various audio sources like radios and satellites receivers. Throughout the years, intercom systems and headsets have evolved from the original standard consisting of an impedance rating of a speaker and a microphone. Early intercom systems were highly limited in functionality and quality due to simple electronics and common grounding. Advances in electronics allowed for the evolution of headset standards and intercom equipment, which permitted a multitude of new configurations and improved sound quality. With these advances, multiple headset standards and intercom interfaces have become popular among the military and civilian aviation. Due to the different standards for headsets, impedance matching plays a major role in the design of an intercom system. Oculus is a multi-mission platform and therefore must be designed to support a variety of standards including civilian and military headsets. This paper outlines the intercom units and parts considered for use in Oculus, and a design criteria for an extendable intercom system for Oculus.

75 FR 48298 - Groundfish Fisheries of the Exclusive Economic Zone Off Alaska; Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands Crab...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-10

... weight of crab but also the weight of packaging, pallets, and glaze. While deductions for these items can... number of active crab catcher/processors changes annually. As noted above, from four to six vessels have...

40 CFR 63.7740 - What are my monitoring requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Iron and Steel Foundries Continuous...) Inspect fans for wear, material buildup, and corrosion through quarterly visual inspections, vibration... more automated conveyor and pallet cooling lines and automated shakeout lines at a new iron and steel...

Evaluation of the Steris Sensitive Equipment Decontamination (SED) Apparatus on a 463L Pallet

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-09-01

to decontaminate representative articles of sensitive equipment and operationally relevant materials for biological-warfare agent surrogate... Articles of Sensitive Equipment .................................................................. 25 2.9 Sensitive Equipment Inspection...45 3.6.2 Test Article Initial Inspection .............................................................. 47 3.6.3 Test

EMERGENCY COLLECTION SYSTEM FOR SPILLED HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

EPA Science Inventory

A prepackaged pumping and storage system for the collection and temporary containment of hazardous land spills was designed and two models developed. Each model includes a pump, hoses, furled self-deploying 26,500 l (7000 gal) capacity plastic bag array all mounted on a pallet fo...

75 FR 52213 - Cold Treatment Regulations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-25

... enclosure as adequate to allow for fruit pulp temperatures to be taken prior to beginning treatment. In... the treatment enclosure, an official authorized by APHIS must take pulp temperatures manually from a... cooled, followed by pulp temperature readings being taken in fruit throughout the pallet. While readings...

America’s Air Force: A Call to the Future

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-07-01

the maturation of hydraulic fracturing technology (“ fracking ”) has fundamentally altered the global energy equation. The portability of information...response. Whether the response is a timely precision strike on a hostile target, or pallets of food, water , and blankets delivered to families

A novel fast and flexible technique of radical kinetic behaviour investigation based on pallet for plasma evaluation structure and numerical analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Malinowski, Arkadiusz; Takeuchi, Takuya; Chen, Shang; Suzuki, Toshiya; Ishikawa, Kenji; Sekine, Makoto; Hori, Masaru; Lukasiak, Lidia; Jakubowski, Andrzej

2013-07-01

This paper describes a new, fast, and case-independent technique for sticking coefficient (SC) estimation based on pallet for plasma evaluation (PAPE) structure and numerical analysis. Our approach does not require complicated structure, apparatus, or time-consuming measurements but offers high reliability of data and high flexibility. Thermal analysis is also possible. This technique has been successfully applied to estimation of very low value of SC of hydrogen radicals on chemically amplified ArF 193 nm photoresist (the main goal of this study). Upper bound of our technique has been determined by investigation of SC of fluorine radical on polysilicon (in elevated temperature). Sources of estimation error and ways of its reduction have been also discussed. Results of this study give an insight into the process kinetics, and not only they are helpful in better process understanding but additionally they may serve as parameters in a phenomenological model development for predictive modelling of etching for ultimate CMOS topography simulation.

RCRA Facility Investigation/Remedial Investigation Report for Gunsite 720 Rubble Pit Unit (631-16G) - March 1996

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Palmer, E.

1996-03-01

Gunsite 720 Rubble Pit Unit is located on the west side of SRS. In the early to mid 1980`s, while work was being performed in this area, nine empty, partially buried drums, labeled `du Pont Freon 11`, were found. As a result, Gunsite 720 became one of the original waste units specified in the SRS RCRA Facility Assessment (RFA). The drums were excavated on July 30, 1987 and placed on a pallet at the unit. Both the drums and pallet were removed and disposed of in October 1989. The area around the drums was screened during the excavation and themore » liquid (rainwater) that collected in the excavated drums was sampled prior to disposal. No evidence of hazardous materials was found. Based on the review of the analytical data and screening techniques used to evaluate all the chemicals of potential concern at Gunsite 720 Rubble Pit Unit, it is recommended that no further remedial action be performed at this unit.« less

Spacelab

NASA Image and Video Library

1990-12-02

Onboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Columbia (STS-35), the various components of the Astro-1 payload are seen backdropped against dark space. Parts of the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT), Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UIT), and the Wisconsin Ultraviolet Photo-Polarimetry Experiment (WUPPE) are visible on the Spacelab pallet. The Broad-Band X-Ray Telescope (BBXRT) is behind the pallet and is not visible in this scene. The smaller cylinder in the foreground is the igloo. The igloo was a pressurized container housing the Command Data Management System, that interfaced with the in-cabin controllers to control the Instrument Pointing System (IPS) and the telescopes. The Astro Observatory was designed to explore the universe by observing and measuring the ultraviolet radiation from celestial objects. Astronomical targets of observation selected for Astro missions included planets, stars, star clusters, galaxies, clusters of galaxies, quasars, remnants of exploded stars (supernovae), clouds of gas and dust (nebulae), and the interstellar medium. Managed by the Marshall Space Flight Center, the Astro-1 was launched aboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Columbia (STS-35) on December 2, 1990.

Optimization of a Lunar Pallet Lander Reinforcement Structure Using a Genetic Algorithm

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burt, Adam O.; Hull, Patrick V.

2014-01-01

This paper presents a design automation process using optimization via a genetic algorithm to design the conceptual structure of a Lunar Pallet Lander. The goal is to determine a design that will have the primary natural frequencies at or above a target value as well as minimize the total mass. Several iterations of the process are presented. First, a concept optimization is performed to determine what class of structure would produce suitable candidate designs. From this a stiffened sheet metal approach was selected leading to optimization of beam placement through generating a two-dimensional mesh and varying the physical location of reinforcing beams. Finally, the design space is reformulated as a binary problem using 1-dimensional beam elements to truncate the design space to allow faster convergence and additional mechanical failure criteria to be included in the optimization responses. Results are presented for each design space configuration. The final flight design was derived from these results.

Effects of transfer distance on spine kinematics for de-palletizing tasks.

PubMed

Mehta, Jay P; Kim, Tae Hoon; Weiler, Monica R; Lavender, Steven A

2014-01-01

One approach to reducing lateral bending and twisting in manual lifting tasks is to separate the lift's origin and destination, thereby encouraging lifters to step and turn their entire bodies. The objective of the current study was to determine how the degree to which one laterally bends and twists changes with transfer distance and initial lift height. Eighteen males lifted 10.9 kg boxes from a conveyor 0.5 m, 0.9 m, and 1.3 m above the floor and placed the boxes on a conveyor .50, .75, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50, or 1.75 m away at a height of .9 m. During picking, lateral bending and trunk extension velocities increased with increasing transfer distances. When placing the box, the degree of twisting decreased with increased transfer distance. In sum, when attempting to control the twisting and lateral bending during de-palletizing, the lift origin and destination should be separated by between 1 and 1.25 meters.

75 FR 4584 - Wire Decking From China

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-28

... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Investigation Nos. 701-TA-466 and 731-TA-1162 (Final)] Wire... subsidized and less-than-fair-value imports from China of wire decking, provided for in subheadings 9403.90... subject merchandise as ``welded-wire rack decking, which is also known as, among other things, ``pallet...

Simulation of the Dynamic Environment for Missile Component Testing: Demonstration

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-09-15

are most suitable for large cmmwn carriers such as large conventional trucks and flatbed transport vehicles. Nevertheless, as demnstrated in the same...ASSEMBLY " IA 11716775 LAMINATED ROTOR PALLET ASSEMBLY ASSEMBLY 11716771 11715757 RETAINiNG 11718476 ..° I DETENT ROTOR SRNG EBC 11718423; 11718477

9 CFR 354.230 - Equipment and utensils.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Section 354.230 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE... equipped with facilities for locking and sealing. (m) Freezing rooms should be adequately equipped to... constant as possible. Freezing room should be equipped with floor racks or pallets and fans to insure air...

75 FR 75157 - Importation of Wood Packaging Material From Canada

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-02

... glabripennis), European woodwasp (Sirex noctilio), the fungus Ophiostoma tetropii, and vascular wilt... Canadian manufacturers of pallets, which may affect importers and final consumers of goods transported on... affect domestic consumers and thus would not have a measurable impact on the flow of trade. The proposed...

Analysis of Dual Mode Systems in an Urban Area : Volume 3. Description of the Analysis Techniques and Data Sources.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1973-12-01

Various forms of Dual Mode transportation were analyzed in order to assess the economic viability of the dual mode concept. Specially designed new small Dual Mode vehicles, modifications of existing automobiles, and pallet systems, all operating in c...

Analysis of Dual Mode Systems in an Urban Area : Volume 3. Description of the Analysis Techniques and Data Sources

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1973-12-01

Various forms of Dual Mode transportation were analyzed in order to assess the economic viability of the dual mode concept. Specially designed new small Dual Mode vehicles, modifications of existing automobiles, and pallet systems, all operating in c...

49 CFR 178.708 - Standards for fiberboard IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...) Construction requirements for fiberboard IBCs are as follows: (1) Top lifting devices are prohibited in... foot-pounds of energy) measured according to ISO 3036 (IBR, see § 171.7 of this subchapter). (ii.... Where a detachable pallet is used, its top surface must be free from sharp protrusions that might damage...

49 CFR 178.708 - Standards for fiberboard IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...) Construction requirements for fiberboard IBCs are as follows: (1) Top lifting devices are prohibited in... foot-pounds of energy) measured according to ISO 3036 (IBR, see § 171.7 of this subchapter). (ii.... Where a detachable pallet is used, its top surface must be free from sharp protrusions that might damage...

49 CFR 178.708 - Standards for fiberboard IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...) Construction requirements for fiberboard IBCs are as follows: (1) Top lifting devices are prohibited in... foot-pounds of energy) measured according to ISO 3036 (IBR, see § 171.7 of this subchapter). (ii.... Where a detachable pallet is used, its top surface must be free from sharp protrusions that might damage...

49 CFR 178.708 - Standards for fiberboard IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...) Construction requirements for fiberboard IBCs are as follows: (1) Top lifting devices are prohibited in... foot-pounds of energy) measured according to ISO 3036 (IBR, see § 171.7 of this subchapter). (ii.... Where a detachable pallet is used, its top surface must be free from sharp protrusions that might damage...

76 FR 65640 - New Standards for Domestic Mailing Services

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-24

...). * * * * * [Revise item 2.2c as follows:] c. Each metered piece must bear full postage at the lowest First- Class... shape, weight, construction, and size to be considered. If the request describes a mailpiece that falls... preparation level (e.g., destination NDC pallets). c. Upon acknowledgement from the manager, Operations...

Teach Efficient Production with Modular Fixturing Pallets

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Creger, Don W.; Payne, Brent A.

2010-01-01

Advances in technology have yielded computer numerical control (CNC) machines and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software that saves time and increases productivity in today's industrial world. Training students to understand and use these technologies has become a key ingredient in preparing them for work in industry. Teachers of machining…

76 FR 13703 - New Origin Entry Separation & Containerization Standards

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-14

... requirements for mailings and the number of pieces required per presort level will remain the same. Except as... for Periodicals piece processing based on the origin entry point. Prepare container (pallet) placards... for a reduction of sack handling and the expedited processing of individual pieces, and will result in...

Environmental Technology Verification Report for Private Pallet Security Systems, LLC. MultiTrack™ Layered Tracking Systems

EPA Science Inventory

This test simulated shipments of hazardous waste contained in polyethylene (poly) drums, metal drums, and corrugated boxes through routine land transportation routes and across international ports of entry in the El Paso/Ciudad Juarez trade area. RFID tags were attached to four ...

49 CFR 178.812 - Top lift test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... renders the IBC, including the base pallets when applicable, unsafe for transportation, and no loss of... twice the maximum permissible gross mass with the load being evenly distributed. (2) Flexible IBC design types must be filled to six times the maximum net mass, the load being evenly distributed. (c) Test...

49 CFR 178.812 - Top lift test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... renders the IBC, including the base pallets when applicable, unsafe for transportation, and no loss of... twice the maximum permissible gross mass with the load being evenly distributed. (2) Flexible IBC design types must be filled to six times the maximum net mass, the load being evenly distributed. (c) Test...

49 CFR 178.812 - Top lift test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... renders the IBC, including the base pallets when applicable, unsafe for transportation, and no loss of... twice the maximum permissible gross mass with the load being evenly distributed. (2) Flexible IBC design types must be filled to six times the maximum net mass, the load being evenly distributed. (c) Test...

49 CFR 178.812 - Top lift test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... renders the IBC, including the base pallets when applicable, unsafe for transportation, and no loss of... twice the maximum permissible gross mass with the load being evenly distributed. (2) Flexible IBC design types must be filled to six times the maximum net mass, the load being evenly distributed. (c) Test...

77 FR 38759 - New Pallet Preparation Standards for Periodicals

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-29

... similar containers. DATES: Submit comments on or before July 30, 2012. ADDRESSES: Mail or deliver written... area distribution center (ADC) sacks (or similar containers), labeled according to labeling list L009; and in origin mixed ADC (OMX) sacks (or similar containers), labeled according to labeling list L201...

40 CFR Appendix Xi to Part 266 - Lead-Bearing Materials That May be Processed in Exempt Lead Smelters

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... analyses Acid filters Baghouse bags Clothing (e.g., coveralls, aprons, shoes, hats, gloves) Sweepings Air filter bags and cartridges Respiratory cartridge filters Shop abrasives Stacking boards Waste shipping... pallets Water treatment sludges, filter cakes, residues, and solids Emission control dusts, sludges...

40 CFR Appendix Xi to Part 266 - Lead-Bearing Materials That May be Processed in Exempt Lead Smelters

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... analyses Acid filters Baghouse bags Clothing (e.g., coveralls, aprons, shoes, hats, gloves) Sweepings Air filter bags and cartridges Respiratory cartridge filters Shop abrasives Stacking boards Waste shipping... pallets Water treatment sludges, filter cakes, residues, and solids Emission control dusts, sludges...

40 CFR Appendix Xi to Part 266 - Lead-Bearing Materials That May be Processed in Exempt Lead Smelters

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... analyses Acid filters Baghouse bags Clothing (e.g., coveralls, aprons, shoes, hats, gloves) Sweepings Air filter bags and cartridges Respiratory cartridge filters Shop abrasives Stacking boards Waste shipping... pallets Water treatment sludges, filter cakes, residues, and solids Emission control dusts, sludges...

40 CFR Appendix Xi to Part 266 - Lead-Bearing Materials That May be Processed in Exempt Lead Smelters

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... analyses Acid filters Baghouse bags Clothing (e.g., coveralls, aprons, shoes, hats, gloves) Sweepings Air filter bags and cartridges Respiratory cartridge filters Shop abrasives Stacking boards Waste shipping... pallets Water treatment sludges, filter cakes, residues, and solids Emission control dusts, sludges...

77 FR 63771 - Implementation of Full-Service Intelligent Mail Requirements for Automation Prices

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-17

... tray barcodes (IMtb) on trays, tubs, and sacks; apply unique Intelligent Mail container barcodes (IMcb) on placards for containers, such as pallets; schedule appointments through Facility Access and... preparation of mail, which provides high-value services and enables efficient mail processing. The strategic...

40 CFR Appendix Xi to Part 266 - Lead-Bearing Materials That May be Processed in Exempt Lead Smelters

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... analyses Acid filters Baghouse bags Clothing (e.g., coveralls, aprons, shoes, hats, gloves) Sweepings Air filter bags and cartridges Respiratory cartridge filters Shop abrasives Stacking boards Waste shipping... pallets Water treatment sludges, filter cakes, residues, and solids Emission control dusts, sludges...

76 FR 43731 - Notice of Permit Emergency Provision Under the Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-541)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-21

... plastic air force pallets and placed in a storage berm. At the time of packing, all containers were sound... problems. If SPoT proceeded as planned they would have been in the field late in the season when many of...

Effect of sulfuryl fluoride on the pinewood nematode in pine wood

Treesearch

L. David Dwinell; E. Thoms; S. Prabhakaran

2003-01-01

The pinewood nematode (PUTN) (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus), the causal agent of pine wilt disease, has been intercepted in pine chips, unseasoned pine lumber, and wood packing material (WPM). Likewise, the PWN's insect vectors, Monochamus spp. (pine sawyers), have been found in pallets, crates and dunnage. The PWN, which is...

7 CFR 58.241 - Packaging, repackaging and storage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Packaging, repackaging and storage. 58.241 Section 58... Service 1 Operations and Operating Procedures § 58.241 Packaging, repackaging and storage. (a) Containers... palleting or dry storage areas. (c) Repackaging. The entire repackaging operation shall be conducted in a...

7 CFR 58.241 - Packaging, repackaging and storage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Packaging, repackaging and storage. 58.241 Section 58... Service 1 Operations and Operating Procedures § 58.241 Packaging, repackaging and storage. (a) Containers... palleting or dry storage areas. (c) Repackaging. The entire repackaging operation shall be conducted in a...

Launch of the STS 51-F Challenger

NASA Image and Video Library

1985-07-29

51F-S-068 (29 July 1985) --- The Space Shuttle Challenger heads toward Earth-orbit with the Spacelab-2 experiment pallet and a team of astronauts and scientists onboard. This photograph was taken by Otis Imboden of the National Geographic Society for NASA from the press site at Kennedy Space Center (KSC).

49 CFR 178.930 - Standards for fiberboard Large Packagings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... puncture resistance of 15 Joules (11 foot-pounds of energy) measured according to ISO 3036 (IBR, see § 171... in handling and transport. Where a detachable pallet is used, its top surface must be free from protrusions that might damage the Large Packaging. (3) Strengthening devices, such as timber supports to...

49 CFR 178.708 - Standards for fiberboard IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... part of it. (c) Construction requirements for fiberboard IBCs are as follows: (1) Top lifting devices... puncture resistance of 15 Joules (11 foot-pounds of energy) measured according to ISO 3036 (IBR, see § 171... stability in handling and transport. Where a detachable pallet is used, its top surface must be free from...

49 CFR 178.930 - Standards for fiberboard Large Packagings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... puncture resistance of 15 Joules (11 foot-pounds of energy) measured according to ISO 3036 (IBR, see § 171... in handling and transport. Where a detachable pallet is used, its top surface must be free from protrusions that might damage the Large Packaging. (3) Strengthening devices, such as timber supports to...

49 CFR 178.930 - Standards for fiberboard Large Packagings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... puncture resistance of 15 Joules (11 foot-pounds of energy) measured according to ISO 3036 (IBR, see § 171... in handling and transport. Where a detachable pallet is used, its top surface must be free from protrusions that might damage the Large Packaging. (3) Strengthening devices, such as timber supports to...

49 CFR 178.930 - Standards for fiberboard Large Packagings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... puncture resistance of 15 Joules (11 foot-pounds of energy) measured according to ISO 3036 (IBR, see § 171... in handling and transport. Where a detachable pallet is used, its top surface must be free from protrusions that might damage the Large Packaging. (3) Strengthening devices, such as timber supports to...

49 CFR 178.930 - Standards for fiberboard Large Packagings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... puncture resistance of 15 Joules (11 foot-pounds of energy) measured according to ISO 3036 (IBR, see § 171... in handling and transport. Where a detachable pallet is used, its top surface must be free from protrusions that might damage the Large Packaging. (3) Strengthening devices, such as timber supports to...

Chapter 4:Grading and properties of hardwood structural lumber

Treesearch

David W. Green

2005-01-01

Structural lumber markets have traditionally been dominated by softwood species. Historically, however, hardwood species have been extensively used for certain structural products such as timbers for railway and highway bridges, railway ties, mine timbers, and for pallets and containers. In the 1920s, when uniform procedures were first developed for structural grading...

Cargo/Logistics Airlift System Study (CLASS), Volume 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Norman, J. M.; Henderson, R. D.; Macey, F. C.; Tuttle, R. P.

1978-01-01

Air containerization is discussed in terms of lower freight rates, size and pallet limitations, refrigeration, backhaul of empties, and ownership. It is concluded that there is a need for an advance air cargo system as indicated by the industry/transportation case studies, and a stimulation of the air cargo would result in freight rate reductions.

Collision loads on bridge piers : phase 2, report of guidelines for designing bridge piers and abutments for vehicle collisions

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-03-01

An instrumented, simulated bridge pier was constructed, and two full-scale collisions with an : 80,000-lb van-type tractor-trailer were performed on it. The trailer was ballasted with bags of sand on : pallets. The simulated pier was 36 inches in dia...

49 CFR 173.156 - Exceptions for limited quantity and ORM.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., carts, boxes or similar overpacks; (ii) Offered for transportation or transported by: (A) Rail; (B... transported to a disposal facility from one offeror. (2) The 30 kg (66 pounds) gross weight limitation does... a fiberboard box which is banded and secured to a wooden pallet by metal, fabric, or plastic straps...

$250,000 Emergency Action Memo from Steve Spurlin, EPA Region 4 to Addressees. Documenting the Decision to Initiate Emergency Response Actions at the Site

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Contains July 18, 2007 memo about the decision to initiate emergency response actions for the American Drum & Pallet Site·tocated in Memphis, Shelby County, Tennessee. Region ID: 04 DocID: 10517021, DocDate: 07-18-2007

Unwelcome Guests: Extoic Forest Pests

Treesearch

Sun Jiang-Hua

2002-01-01

Exotic forest pests cost China and the United States billions of dollars each year. Current regulatory systems worldwide are over-whelmed with the increasing volume of international trade. Trade in nursery stock, wood products, pallets and dunnage have proven the most common means of transport for exotic forest pests. Despite our best efforts, pests such as chestnut...

KSC-03PD-2978

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. In the Orbiter Processing Facility, the nose cap from Atlantis is lowered toward a shipping pallet. The reinforced carbon-carbon (RCC) nose cap is being sent to the original manufacturing company, Vought in Ft. Worth, Texas, a subsidiary of Lockheed Martin, to undergo non-destructive testing such as CAT scan and thermography.

KSC-03PD-2979

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. In the Orbiter Processing Facility, the nose cap from Atlantis is secured on a shipping pallet. The reinforced carbon-carbon (RCC) nose cap is being sent to the original manufacturing company, Vought in Ft. Worth, Texas, a subsidiary of Lockheed Martin, to undergo non-destructive testing such as CAT scan and thermography.

49 CFR 173.63 - Packaging exceptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... vehicle, freight container, or cargo-only aircraft; (2) Off-shore down-hole tool pallet carried on an off... tubing 12 feet long or longer may be packed as follows in which case they are excepted from the packaging... delay charges) may be packed as follows in which case they are excepted from the packaging requirements...

16 CFR 1207.5 - Design.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...±340 newtons/sq. meter) and the pallet does not tip over when in motion. Attach a felt pen or other... following methods or their equivalent: 1 See reference (f) of § 1207.11 for full discussion. (A) Motion..., feet and/or legs. The slider's starting reactions with the slide shall be only as strong as necessary...

16 CFR 1207.5 - Design.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...±340 newtons/sq. meter) and the pallet does not tip over when in motion. Attach a felt pen or other... following methods or their equivalent: 1 See reference (f) of § 1207.11 for full discussion. (A) Motion..., feet and/or legs. The slider's starting reactions with the slide shall be only as strong as necessary...

Stress Analysis of Pallet Lever Shaft

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-03-01

ductile, plastic failure. 34 ^Ki’ ■^ ’- l^f. REFERENCES 1. L. Farace , "Runaway Escapement Redesign M125A1 Modular Booster", Tech... Farace 1 Attn: MDC 1 Attn: MDC-A, Mr. F. Shinaly 1 Attn: MDM 1 Attn: MDS 1 Attn: MDS-S 1 Attn: FI 1 Attn: MT Frankford Arsenal (Cont) 1

15 CFR 30.26 - Reporting of vessels, aircraft, cargo vans, and other carriers and containers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... vehicles, trailers, pallets, cargo vans, lift vans, or similar shipping containers are not considered... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Reporting of vessels, aircraft, cargo vans, and other carriers and containers. 30.26 Section 30.26 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations...

15 CFR 30.26 - Reporting of vessels, aircraft, cargo vans, and other carriers and containers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... vehicles, trailers, pallets, cargo vans, lift vans, or similar shipping containers are not considered... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Reporting of vessels, aircraft, cargo vans, and other carriers and containers. 30.26 Section 30.26 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations...

15 CFR 30.26 - Reporting of vessels, aircraft, cargo vans, and other carriers and containers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... vehicles, trailers, pallets, cargo vans, lift vans, or similar shipping containers are not considered... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Reporting of vessels, aircraft, cargo vans, and other carriers and containers. 30.26 Section 30.26 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations...

15 CFR 30.26 - Reporting of vessels, aircraft, cargo vans, and other carriers and containers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... vehicles, trailers, pallets, cargo vans, lift vans, or similar shipping containers are not considered... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Reporting of vessels, aircraft, cargo vans, and other carriers and containers. 30.26 Section 30.26 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations...

15 CFR 30.26 - Reporting of vessels, aircraft, cargo vans, and other carriers and containers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... vehicles, trailers, pallets, cargo vans, lift vans, or similar shipping containers are not considered... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Reporting of vessels, aircraft, cargo vans, and other carriers and containers. 30.26 Section 30.26 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations...

Unitizing goods on pallets and slipsheets

Treesearch

J. F. Laundrie

1986-01-01

Packaging, handling, and shipping methods and facilities have changed drastically since World War II. Today, most products are individually packaged and then combined into unitized loads for more efficient handling, storage, and shipping. The purpose of this manual is to promote the most effective use of wood and wood fiber in current packaging and shipping practices...

Manpower and Personnel and Logistics Analysis in the Palletized Load System (PLS)

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-10-01

models used algonthms sanctioned byE AR 570-2 and were written in Microsoft Excel version 4.0 software. HARDMAN comparative methodology (HCM) formed the...357281300) contained forty-eight vehiclks. The medium ftrck company taxing the 5 ton tractorl with in Mg7l wailer (SRC 33721LI00) cotained sixty

The Impact of Wireless Technology on Loading Trucks at an Auto Parts Distribution Center

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goomas, David T.

2012-01-01

An intervention was introduced for truck loaders that used wireless vehicle mount computers that included auditory, visual feedback, and immediate data delivery. The implementation reliably reduced pallets from being loaded out of sequence for all outbound trucks in multistop routes. The role of the organizational behavior management (OBM)…

GSM Web-Based Centralized Remote Wireless Automatic Controlling and Monitoring of Aquafeeder

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wong, C. L.; Idris, A.; Hasan, Z.

2016-03-01

This project is about producing a prototype to feed fishes at fish ponds of remote location with the use of GSM mobile phone. An automatic fish feeder is an electric device that has been designed to give out the right amount of pellets at the designed time. In this project, the automatic feeder designed consists of photovoltaic solar cells that are used to generate electricity and storing it into batteries. Solar charge controllers can be used to determine the rate of which current is drawn and added from the batteries. GSM cellular communication is used to allow user to control from a distance. Commands or instructions are sent to the operating system which in return runs the servomotor and blower by blowing certain amount of fish pallets into the pond to feed the fishes. The duration of the feeding processes is fixed by the user, hence the amount of fish food pallets released are precisely the same for each time. This technology is especially useful for fish farmers where they can remotely feed their fishes.

Determination of calcium to phosphate elemental ratio in natural hydroxypatite using LIBS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mazalan, Elham; Chaudhary, Kashif; Haider, Zuhaib; Hadi, Siti Fatimah Abd; Ali, Jalil

2018-05-01

In this work, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is employed for determination of calcium to phosphate (Ca/P) ratio in hydroxyapatite (HA) extracted from animal bones. HA was extracted from the biological bones of lamb, bovine, and fish separately. Fresh bones were boiled in deuterium-depleted water (DDW) for 4 hours and immersed it in acetone for 15 hours followed by drying process in the oven. Dried bones were heated at 600 °C and crushed into powder form which was then mixed with potassium bromide (KBr) in a known quantity. The mixture for each sample was palletized into pellets of identical mass using a hydraulic press. The palletized samples of HA extracted from the bones were ablated with 10 ns Q-switched Nd-YAG laser pulses having an energy of 320 mJ/pulse. The optical emissions produced from the laser induced plasma were recorded. Ca and P emission lines are identified and the Ca/P is calculated. Ca/P ratio by LIBS analysis has been verified by EDX measurements and are found in good agreement.

Onboard photo:Astro-1 in Cargo Bay

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

Onboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Columbia (STS-35), the various components of the Astro-1 payload are seen backdropped against dark space. Parts of the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT), Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UIT), and the Wisconsin Ultraviolet Photo-Polarimetry Experiment (WUPPE) are visible on the Spacelab pallet. The Broad-Band X-Ray Telescope (BBXRT) is behind the pallet and is not visible in this scene. The smaller cylinder in the foreground is the igloo. The igloo was a pressurized container housing the Command Data Management System, that interfaced with the in-cabin controllers to control the Instrument Pointing System (IPS) and the telescopes. The Astro Observatory was designed to explore the universe by observing and measuring the ultraviolet radiation from celestial objects. Astronomical targets of observation selected for Astro missions included planets, stars, star clusters, galaxies, clusters of galaxies, quasars, remnants of exploded stars (supernovae), clouds of gas and dust (nebulae), and the interstellar medium. Managed by the Marshall Space Flight Center, the Astro-1 was launched aboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Columbia (STS-35) on December 2, 1990.

Onboard Photo:Astro-1 Ultraviolet Telescope in Cargo Bay

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

Onboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Columbia (STS-35), the various components of the Astro-1 payload are seen backdropped against a blue and white Earth. Parts of the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT), the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UIT), and the Wisconsin Ultraviolet Photo-Polarimetry Experiment (WUPPE) are visible on the Spacelab pallet. The Broad-Band X-Ray Telescope (BBXRT) is behind the pallet and is not visible in this scene. The smaller cylinder in the foreground is the igloo. The igloo was a pressurized container housing the Command Data Management System, that interfaced with the in-cabin controllers to control the Instrument Pointing System (IPS) and the telescopes. The Astro Observatory was designed to explore the universe by observing and measuring the ultraviolet radiation from celestial objects. Astronomical targets of observation selected for Astro missions included planets, stars, star clusters, galaxies, clusters of galaxies, quasars, remnants of exploded stars (supernovae), clouds of gas and dust (nebulae), and the interstellar medium. Managed by the Marshall Space Flight Center, the Astro-1 was launched aboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Columbia (STS-35) on December 2, 1990.

Design of Work Facilities for Reducing Musculoskeletal Disorders Risk in Paper Pallet Assembly Station

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mardi Safitri, Dian; Arfi Nabila, Zahra; Azmi, Nora

2018-03-01

Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) is one of the ergonomic risks due to manual activity, non-neutral posture and repetitive motion. The purpose of this study is to measure risk and implement ergonomic interventions to reduce the risk of MSD on the paper pallet assembly work station. Measurements to work posture are done by Ovako Working Posture Analysis (OWAS) methods and Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method, while the measurement of work repetitiveness was using Strain Index (SI) method. Assembly processes operators are identified has the highest risk level. OWAS score, Strain Index, and REBA values are 4, 20.25, and 11. Ergonomic improvements are needed to reduce that level of risk. Proposed improvements will be developed using the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method applied with Axiomatic House of Quality (AHOQ) and Morphological Chart. As the result, risk level based on OWAS score & REBA score turn out from 4 & 11 to be 1 & 2. Biomechanics analysis of the operator also shows the decreasing values for L4-L5 moment, compression, joint shear, and joint moment strength.

Cluster Development Test 2: An Assessment of a Failed Test

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Machin, Ricardo A.; Evans, Carol T.

2009-01-01

On 31 July 2008 the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Crew Exploration Vehicle Parachute Assembly System team conducted the final planned cluster test of the first generation parachute recovery system design. The two primary test objectives were to demonstrate the operation of the complete parachute system deployed from a full scale capsule simulator and to demonstrate the test technique of separating the capsule simulator from the Low Velocity Air Drop pallet used to extract the test article from a United States Air Force C-17 aircraft. The capsule simulator was the Parachute Test Vehicle with an accurate heat shield outer mold line and forward bay compartment of the Crew Exploration Vehicle Command Module. The Parachute Test Vehicle separated cleanly from the pallet following extraction, but failed to reach test conditions resulting in the failure of the test and the loss of the test assets. No personnel were injured. This paper will discuss the design of the test and the findings of the team that investigated the test, including a discussion of what were determined to be the root causes of the failure.

Spacelab

NASA Image and Video Library

1990-12-02

Onboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Columbia (STS-35), the various components of the Astro-1 payload are seen backdropped against a blue and white Earth. Parts of the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT), the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UIT), and the Wisconsin Ultraviolet Photo-Polarimetry Experiment (WUPPE) are visible on the Spacelab pallet. The Broad-Band X-Ray Telescope (BBXRT) is behind the pallet and is not visible in this scene. The smaller cylinder in the foreground is the igloo. The igloo was a pressurized container housing the Command Data Management System, that interfaced with the in-cabin controllers to control the Instrument Pointing System (IPS) and the telescopes. The Astro Observatory was designed to explore the universe by observing and measuring the ultraviolet radiation from celestial objects. Astronomical targets of observation selected for Astro missions included planets, stars, star clusters, galaxies, clusters of galaxies, quasars, remnants of exploded stars (supernovae), clouds of gas and dust (nebulae), and the interstellar medium. Managed by the Marshall Space Flight Center, the Astro-1 was launched aboard the Space Shuttle Orbiter Columbia (STS-35) on December 2, 1990.

Using a steamroom to sterilize pallets of Styroblock seedling containers

Treesearch

Andy Trent; Robert L. James; Clarke Fleege; Gary Hileman

2007-01-01

Styrofoam container blocks (for example, Styroblock, fig. 1), hereafter "blocks," are a popular system for growing seedlings in greenhouse nurseries. They come in a variety of sizes and can be reused several times. They must be sterilized before reuse because they may harbor pathogens that can cause diseases to seedlings. Potential pathogens, such as

Wood Products by Species and Quality in Upland Forests

Treesearch

David W. Patterson

2004-01-01

Products that can be produced from an upland forest depend on the species and quality of the trees present. Quality depends on growth rate and tree form. These variables are discussed as well as the products that can be produced such as veneer and plywood, grade lumber, handle stock, pallet stock, cross ties, and industrial lumber.

Parameters for scale-up of lethal microwave treatment to eradicate cerambycid larvae infesting solid wood packing materials

Treesearch

Mary R. Fleming; John J. Janowiak; Joseph Kearns; Jeffrey E. Shield; Rustum Roy; Dinesh K. Agrawal; Leah S. Bauer; Kelli Hoover

2004-01-01

The use of microwave irradiation to eradicate insects infesting wood used to manufacture packing materials such as pallets and crateswas evaluated. The focus of this preliminary studywas to determinewhich microwave parameters, including chamber-volume to sample-volumeratios,variations ofpower and time, and energydensity (total microwavepower/woodvolume), affect the...

NRL Fact Book

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

Distributed network-based battle management High performance computing supporting uniform and nonuniform memory access with single and multithreaded...pallet Airborne EO/IR and radar sensors VNIR through SWIR hyperspectral systems VNIR, MWIR, and LWIR high-resolution sys- tems Wideband SAR systems...meteorological sensors Hyperspectral sensor systems (PHILLS) Mid-wave infrared (MWIR) Indium Antimonide (InSb) imaging system Long-wave infrared ( LWIR

The Impact of Wireless Technology on Order Selection Audits at an Auto Parts Distribution Center

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goomas, David T.

2012-01-01

Audits of store order pallets or totes performed by auditors at five distribution centers (two experimental and three comparison distribution centers) were used to check for picking accuracy prior to being loaded onto a truck for store delivery. Replacing the paper audits with wireless handheld computers that included immediate auditory and visual…

Heat sterilization times of red pine boards

Treesearch

William T. Simpson

2004-01-01

The objective of this study was to determine the time required to heat the center of red pine boards to various temperatures for sterilization. This information will serve as a guideline for those concerned with heat sterilizing wood pallets and other wood shipping containers to meet heat treatment requirements for protection against invasive pests. Red pine boards, 4...

Packing in Two and Three Dimensions

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-06-01

square on the pallet is either completely covered or uncovered by a box. We first observe there must be at least one unit column with zero waste because...66 ( , , , , )EW N X Y a b X′ ′ ′ ′ ′ ′< . Any such unit column with zero waste must be covered with H-boxes because this corresponds to the

40 CFR Appendix Xii to Part 266 - Nickel or Chromium-Bearing Materials that may be Processed in Exempt Nickel-Chromium Recovery...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... sweepings Air filters Electroplating bath filters Wastewater filter media Wood pallets Disposable clothing... cartridge filters Paper hand towels B. Exempt Nickel or Chromium-Bearing Materials when Generated by Any... Nickel, chromium, and iron catalysts Nickel-cadmium and nickel-iron batteries Filter cake from wet...

40 CFR Appendix Xii to Part 266 - Nickel or Chromium-Bearing Materials that may be Processed in Exempt Nickel-Chromium Recovery...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... sweepings Air filters Electroplating bath filters Wastewater filter media Wood pallets Disposable clothing... cartridge filters Paper hand towels B. Exempt Nickel or Chromium-Bearing Materials when Generated by Any... Nickel, chromium, and iron catalysts Nickel-cadmium and nickel-iron batteries Filter cake from wet...

40 CFR Appendix Xii to Part 266 - Nickel or Chromium-Bearing Materials that may be Processed in Exempt Nickel-Chromium Recovery...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... sweepings Air filters Electroplating bath filters Wastewater filter media Wood pallets Disposable clothing... cartridge filters Paper hand towels B. Exempt Nickel or Chromium-Bearing Materials when Generated by Any... Nickel, chromium, and iron catalysts Nickel-cadmium and nickel-iron batteries Filter cake from wet...

40 CFR Appendix Xii to Part 266 - Nickel or Chromium-Bearing Materials that may be Processed in Exempt Nickel-Chromium Recovery...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... sweepings Air filters Electroplating bath filters Wastewater filter media Wood pallets Disposable clothing... cartridge filters Paper hand towels B. Exempt Nickel or Chromium-Bearing Materials when Generated by Any... Nickel, chromium, and iron catalysts Nickel-cadmium and nickel-iron batteries Filter cake from wet...

40 CFR Appendix Xii to Part 266 - Nickel or Chromium-Bearing Materials that may be Processed in Exempt Nickel-Chromium Recovery...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... sweepings Air filters Electroplating bath filters Wastewater filter media Wood pallets Disposable clothing... cartridge filters Paper hand towels B. Exempt Nickel or Chromium-Bearing Materials when Generated by Any... Nickel, chromium, and iron catalysts Nickel-cadmium and nickel-iron batteries Filter cake from wet...

Effect of stringer repair methods and repair frequency on GMA performance

Treesearch

John W. Clarke; Marshall S. White; Philip A. Araman

2005-01-01

Over 135 million wooden pallets were repaired for reuse in 1995. Notched stringers are one of the most commonly damaged components. Metal plates, half companion stringers, and full companion stringers are repair methods described in the U.S. industry standard published by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. This study evaluated the effect of these three...

Test Report: Assembly and Structural Loading of Army Research Lab’s High Strength Low Alloy - Vanadium (HSLA - V) Bridge

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-28

34 to 1" drive adapter MHE ============ 15,000 lbs forklift 6,000 lbs. forklift 5,000 pallet truck Two 30,000 lbs. 6’x16’ caster wheeled carts...Suggested modifications to reduce assembly time* ================================================== Use powered torque multipliers to torque bolts

Development of the Shaping-lathe Headrig

Treesearch

Peter Koch

1974-01-01

The drawing on the opposite page depicts the commercial version of the Koch shaping-lathe headrig. This first production model, design of which is based on data derived from prototype trials described in the present paper, will be commercially making southern hardwood flakes and pallet cants by early spring of 1975. It carries a 54-inch-long, six-knife cutterhead with...

76 FR 10757 - Combined Mailings of Standard Mail and Periodicals Flats

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-28

... (scheme), 3-digit, ADC, and Mixed ADC bundles when prepared according to 707.19.0 and these additional... to the standards in 8.0 and in the sequence listed below. Merged 5-digit scheme through NDC pallets... according to the standards in 8.0 and in the sequence listed below. Merged 5-digit scheme through NDC...

Comparative evaluation of Space Transportation System (STS)-3 flight and acoustic test random vibration response of the OSS-1 payload

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

On, F. J.

1983-01-01

A comparative evaluation of the Space Transportation System (STS)-3 flight and acoustic test random vibration response of the Office of Space Science-1 (OSS-1) payload is presented. The results provide insight into the characteristics of vibroacoustic response of pallet payload components in the payload bay during STS flights.

Design study of the deepsky ultraviolet survey telescope. [Spacelab payload

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Page, N. A.; Callaghan, F. G.; Killen, R. H.; Willis, W.

1977-01-01

Preliminary mechanical design and specifications are presented for a wide field ultraviolet telescope and detector to be carried as a Spacelab payload. Topics discussed include support structure stiffness (torsional and bending), mirror assembly, thermal control, optical alignment, attachment to the instrument pointing pallet, control and display, power requirements, acceptance and qualification test plans, cost analysis and scheduling. Drawings are included.

MS Hadfield works on the SLP during an EVA for STS-100

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-04-20

STS100-342-010 (19 April-1 May 2001) --- Astronaut Chris A. Hadfield, mission specialist representing the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), is seen near the Canadarm2 as the new robotics tool for the International Space Station (ISS) grasps the Spacelab pallet. Hadfield participated in two days of extravehicular activity (EVA) on the STS-100 mission.

Heat sterilization times of five hardwood species

Treesearch

William T. Simpson; Xiping Wang; John W. Forsman; John R. Erickson

2005-01-01

Heat sterilization of lumber, timbers, and pallets is currently used to kill insects, thus preventing their transfer between countries in international trade. An important factor in this treatment is the time required for the center of any wood configuration to reach the temperature necessary to kill the insect. This study explored the effect of size (1-, 1.5-, and 2.0...

Wood durability and stability without toxicity

Treesearch

Roger M. Rowell; Rebecca E. Ibach; Thomas Nilsson

2010-01-01

Part of a sustainable future for wood products depends on extending the lifetime of wood used in adverse environments. For some products such as the daily news paper, the average life of the products is one day. For packaging, the products average life time may be as few days to a few weeks. For pallets and wooden containers, the lifetime may be several months. For...

Detection of defects in red oak deckboards by ultrasonic scanning

Treesearch

Mohammed F. Kabir; Daniel L. Schmoldt; Mark E. Schafer

2000-01-01

Experiments were conducted to detect defects in red oak (Quercus rubra, L.) deckboards by ultrasonic scanning. Scanning of the deckboards was carried out with two rolling transducers in a pitch-catch arrangement with pallet parts moving between the transducers at 70 ft/m and 220 ft/m. Data were collected, stored and processed using LabViewTM software. The defects...

Logistics Handbook for Strategic Mobility Planning

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-04-01

tion 83 E. Flatrack Characteristics 85 F. Seashed Characteristics 88 G. Equipment Deployment and Storage Systems (EDSS) 88 H. Palletized Load...Equipment Deployment and Storage Systems (EDSS) 94 41 Containerizable Unit Equipment 97 42 Mobilization Station to Inland Waterway Dock Mileage 101...passengers worldwide, and the DOD Worldwide Personal Property Movement and Storage Program. 15 MTMC also provides interface between military shippers

Using low-grade hardwoods for CLT production: a yield analysis

Treesearch

R. Edward Thomas; Urs Buehlmann

2017-01-01

Low-grade hardwood logs are the by-product of logging operations and, more frequently today, urban tree removals. The market prices for these logs is low, as is the value recovered from their logs when producing traditional forest products such as pallet parts, railroad ties, landscaping mulch, or chips for pulp. However, the emergence of cross-laminated timber (CLT)...

Fish-eye view of Hurricane Kenneth in the Pacific Ocean

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-09-13

One of the STS-51 astronauts used a "fish-eye" lens on a 35mm cmaera to photograph this view of Hurricane Kenneth in the Pacific Ocean. The Orbiting Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer/Shuttle Pallet Satellite (ORFEUS/SPAS) is still in the cargo bay. The Remote Manipulator System (RMS) is extended towards the open payload bay.

Generation and Recovery of Solid Wood Waste in the U.S.

Treesearch

Bob Falk; David McKeever

2012-01-01

North America has a vast system of hardwood and softwood forests, and the wood harvested from this resource is widely used in many applications. These include lumber and other building materials, furniture, crating, containers, pallets and other consumer goods. This wide array of wood products generates not only a large amount of industrial wood by-product during the...

STS-39 SPAS-II IBSS is grappled by remote manipulator system (RMS)

NASA Image and Video Library

1991-05-06

STS039-19-015 (28 April- 6 May 1991) --- This STS-39 35mm scene shows the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) Shuttle Pallet Satellite (SPAS-II) on the end of the remote manipulator system (RMS) end effector. During the eight-day flight, SPAS collected data in both a free-flying mode and while attached to the RMS.

Fish-eye view of Hurricane Kenneth in the Pacific Ocean

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

One of the STS-51 astronauts used a 'fish-eye' lens on a 35mm cmaera to photograph this view of Hurricane Kenneth in the Pacific Ocean. The Orbiting Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer/Shuttle Pallet Satellite (ORFEUS/SPAS) is still in the cargo bay. The Remote Manipulator System (RMS) is extended towards the open payload bay.

The Viability of the Air Mobility Command Pure Pallet Program for US Army Reparable Retrograde Shipments

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-03-01

workload falls upon the Army depots in Anniston and Red River in Texarkana , Texas and must rely on the DOD transportation system for air and surface...Dover Air Force Base with final destinations of Red River Army Depot (DOD Activity Address Code: W45G19 and SW3227) in Texarkana , Texas and Anniston

EMC system test performance on Spacelab

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schwan, F.

1982-07-01

Electromagnetic compatibility testing of the Spacelab engineering model is discussed. Documentation, test procedures (including data monitoring and test configuration set up) and performance assessment approach are described. Equipment was assembled into selected representative flight configurations. The physical and functional interfaces between the subsystems were demonstrated within the integration and test sequence which culminated in the flyable configuration Long Module plus one Pallet.

Digital controller design: Continuous and discrete describing function analysis of the IPS system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1977-01-01

The dynamic equations and the mathematical model of the continuous-data IPS control system are developed. The IPS model considered included one flexible body mode and was hardmounted to the Orbiter/Pallet. The model contains equations describing a torque feed-forward loop (using accelerometers as inputs) which will aid in reducing the pointing errors caused by Orbiter disturbances.

Summary of CPAS EDU Testing Analysis Results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Romero, Leah M.; Bledsoe, Kristin J.; Davidson, John.; Engert, Meagan E.; Fraire, Usbaldo, Jr.; Galaviz, Fernando S.; Galvin, Patrick J.; Ray, Eric S.; Varela, Jose

2015-01-01

The Orion program's Capsule Parachute Assembly System (CPAS) project is currently conducting its third generation of testing, the Engineering Development Unit (EDU) series. This series utilizes two test articles, a dart-shaped Parachute Compartment Drop Test Vehicle (PCDTV) and capsule-shaped Parachute Test Vehicle (PTV), both of which include a full size, flight-like parachute system and require a pallet delivery system for aircraft extraction. To date, 15 tests have been completed, including six with PCDTVs and nine with PTVs. Two of the PTV tests included the Forward Bay Cover (FBC) provided by Lockheed Martin. Advancements in modeling techniques applicable to parachute fly-out, vehicle rate of descent, torque, and load train, also occurred during the EDU testing series. An upgrade from a composite to an independent parachute simulation allowed parachute modeling at a higher level of fidelity than during previous generations. The complexity of separating the test vehicles from their pallet delivery systems necessitated the use the Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems (ADAMS) simulator for modeling mated vehicle aircraft extraction and separation. This paper gives an overview of each EDU test and summarizes the development of CPAS analysis tools and techniques during EDU testing.

STS-66 Official Crew insignia

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-09-01

STS066-S-001 (October 1994) --- Designed by the crew members, the STS-66 insignia depicts the space shuttle Atlantis launching into Earth orbit to study global environmental change. The payload for the Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (ATLAS-3) and complementary experiments are part of a continuing study of the atmosphere and the sun's influence on it. The space shuttle is trailed by gold plumes representing the astronaut symbol and is superimposed over Earth, much of which is visible from the flight's high inclination orbit. Sensitive instruments aboard the ATLAS pallet in the shuttle payload bay and on the free-flying Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmospheric-Shuttle Pallet Satellite (CHRISTA-SPAS) will gaze down on Earth and toward the sun, illustrated by the stylized sunrise and visible spectrum. The NASA insignia design for space shuttle flights is reserved for use by the astronauts and for other official use as the NASA Administrator may authorize. Public availability has been approved only in the forms of illustrations by the various news media. When and if there is any change in this policy, which is not anticipated, the change will be publicly announced. Photo credit: NASA

Simulation of OSCM Concepts for HQ SACT

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-01

effective method for creating understanding, identifying problems and developing solutions. • Simulation of a goal driven organization is a cost...effective method to visualize some aspects of the problem space Toolbox • The team used Extend™, a COTS product from Imagine That!® (http...Nations flow Model OSCM ATARES flow Batching A/C & Pallets Model ISAF Airbridge flow Flying and unbatching A/C Fleet Create resources Calculate flight

The SHOLO mill: make pallet parts and pulp chips from low-grade hardwoods

Treesearch

Hugh W. Reynolds; Charles J. Gatchell; Charles J. Gatchell

1970-01-01

SHOLO (from SHOrt Log) is a new solution to the old problem of profitably converting low-grade hardwood logs into products or product parts. It does away with the traditional and often uneconomical procedure of sawing low-grade logs into standard lumber and then converting this standard lumber into product parts. Instead, the SHOLO process is used to convert low-grade...

Operational Planning of Channel Airlift Missions Using Forecasted Demand

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

tailored to the specific problem ( Metaheuristics , 2005). As seen in the section Cargo Loading Algorithm , heuristic methods are often iterative...that are equivalent to the forecasted cargo amount. The simulated pallets are then used in a heuristic cargo loading algorithm . The loading... algorithm places cargo onto available aircraft (based on real schedules) given the date and the destination and outputs statistics based on the aircraft ton

Achievements in the utilization of poplarwood : guideposts for the future

Treesearch

John J. Balatinecz; David E. Kretschmann; Andre Leclercq

2001-01-01

From an early status as a “weed tree,” poplar has become an important commercial genus in North America during the past 20 years. The many and varied uses of poplar wood now include pulp and paper, lumber, veneer, plywood, composite panels, structural composite lumber, containers, pallets, furniture components, match splints and chopsticks.The high cellulose and...

Performance Evaluation of Intelligent Systems at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-01

past few years, including performance evaluation of emergency response robots , sensor systems on unmanned ground vehicles, speech-to-speech translation...emergency response robots ; intelligent systems; mixed palletizing, testing, simulation; robotic vehicle perception systems; search and rescue robots ...ranging from autonomous vehicles to urban search and rescue robots to speech translation and manufacturing systems. The evaluations have occurred in

Ultrasonic technique for inspection of GPHS capsule girth weld integrity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Placr, Arnost

1993-05-01

An innovative nondestructive examination (NDE) technique for the inspection of integrity of General Purpose Heat Source (GPHS) capsule girth welds was developed employing a Lamb wave as the mode of the sound propagation. Reliability of the Lamb wave technique was tested on GPHS capsules using plutonium pallet simulators. All ten capsules, which were previously rejected, passed ultrasonic (UT) inspection using the Lamb wave technique.

Semi-commercial ultralow oxygen treatment for control of western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae), on harvested iceberg lettuce.

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Pallet scale two day ultralow oxygen (ULO) treatment with 30 ppm oxygen at 10°C ambient temperature was conducted on seven cultivars of vacuum cooled iceberg lettuce which had been stored for 1, 3, 4, and 6 days to develop a safe and effective treatment for control of western flower thrips, Franklin...

Warfighter Support: Army Has Taken Steps to Improve Reset Process, but More Complete Reporting of Equipment and Future Cost Is Needed

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-01

asphalt spreaders ), other semi-trucks and trailers, palletized loading systems, and heavy equipment transports. As table 3 shows, the actual reset...Copies of GAO Reports and Testimony Order by Phone Connect with GAO To Report Fraud, Waste, and Abuse in Federal Programs Congressional Relations Public Affairs Please Print on Recycled Paper.

Asian longhorned beetle in Austria: critical comments on phytosanitary measures and regulations

Treesearch

Hannes Krehan

2003-01-01

The ALB is indigenous to East Asia (China, Korea, Taiwan, but not actually present in Japan). It has been introduced twice into North America: New York City, N.Y (1996) and Chicago, Illinois (1998). The first record for Europe was in August 2001 in Braunau, Austria where it was likely introduced through wood packing material (i.g. pallets, crates, dunnage etc.) from...

The shaping-lathe headrig-- key to utilization of hardwoods growing on southern pine sites

Treesearch

P. Koch

1974-01-01

For every cubic foot of pine on southern pine sites, there is about 0.8 cubic foot of hardwood. The shaping-lathe headrig, now in the final stages of commercialization, is a key to utilizing these small mixed hardwoods for pallets and industrial lumber. Lathe residues in the form of flakes can be the raw material for a new major industry manufacturing exterior...

Solving the Pallet Loading Problem

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

solution M = N(X,Y,a,b) there must be at least one unit column with zero waste because W(M,X,Y,a,b) < X + a and therefore W(M 0,X + a, Y,a,b) < X + a for M0...P M + By. Any such unit column with zero waste must be covered with H-boxes because this corresponds to the only perfect Y-partition. If there is a

A Multi-Sensor Aerogeophysical Study of Afghanistan

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-01-01

magnetometer coupled with an Applied Physics 539 3-axis fluxgate mag- netometer for compensation of the aircraft field; • an Applanix DSS 301 digital...survey. DATA COlleCTION AND PROCeSSINg Photogrammetry More than 65,000 high-resolution photogram- metric images were collected using an Applanix Digital...HSI L-Band Polarimetric Imaging Radar KGPS Dual Gravity Meters Common Sensor Bomb-bay Pallet Applanix DSS Camera Sensor Suite • Magnetometer • Gravity

SRMS maneuvers the ICC-VLD during STS-127 / Expedition 20 Joint Operations

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-07-19

S127-E-006934 (19 July 2009) --- Backdropped by a blue and white Earth, the remote manipulator system (RMS) arm of the Space Shuttle Endeavour, is about to hand off the Integrated Cargo Carrier (ICC) to the International Space Station (out of frame). The ICC is an unpressurized flat bed pallet and keel yoke assembly that was carried into space in the shuttle's payload bay.

Effectiveness of the International Phytosanitary Standard ISPM No. 15 on reducing wood borer infestation rates in wood packaging material entering the United States

Treesearch

Robert A. Haack; Kerry O. Britton; Eckelhard G. Brockerhoff; Joseph F. Cavey; Lynn J. Garrett; Mark Kimberley; Frank Lowenstein; Amelia Nuding; Lars J. Olson; James Tumer; Kathryn N. Vasilaky

2014-01-01

Numerous bark- and wood-infesting insects have been introduced to new countries by international trade where some have caused severe environmental and economic damage. Wood packaging material (WPM), such as pallets, is one of the high risk pathways for the introduction of wood pests. International recognition of this risk resulted in adoption of International Standards...

Flexible Manufacturing System Handbook. Volume IV. Appendices

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-02-01

and Acceptance Test(s)" on page 26 of this Proposal Request. 1.1.10 Options 1. Centralized Automatic Chip/Coolant Recovery System a. Scope The...viable, from manual- ly moving the pallet/fixture/part combinations from machine to machine to fully automatic , unmanned material handling systems , such...English. Where dimensions are shown in metric units, the English system (inch) equivalent will also be shown. Hydraulic, pneumatic , and electrical

Predictors of severe trunk postures among short-haul truck drivers during non-driving tasks: an exploratory investigation involving video-assessment and driver behavioural self-monitoring.

PubMed

Olson, R; Hahn, D I; Buckert, A

2009-06-01

Short-haul truck (lorry) drivers are particularly vulnerable to back pain and injury due to exposure to whole body vibration, prolonged sitting and demanding material handling tasks. The current project reports the results of video-based assessments (711 stops) and driver behavioural self-monitoring (BSM) (385 stops) of injury hazards during non-driving work. Participants (n = 3) worked in a trailer fitted with a camera system during baseline and BSM phases. Descriptive analyses showed that challenging customer environments and non-standard ingress/egress were prevalent. Statistical modelling of video-assessment results showed that each instance of manual material handling increased the predicted mean for severe trunk postures by 7%, while customer use of a forklift, moving standard pallets and moving non-standard pallets decreased predicted means by 12%, 20% and 22% respectively. Video and BSM comparisons showed that drivers were accurate at self-monitoring frequent environmental conditions, but less accurate at monitoring trunk postures and rare work events. The current study identified four predictors of severe trunk postures that can be modified to reduce risk of injury among truck drivers and showed that workers can produce reliable self-assessment data with BSM methods for frequent and easily discriminated events environmental.

Capacity utilization study for aviation security cargo inspection queuing system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Allgood, Glenn O.; Olama, Mohammed M.; Lake, Joe E.; Brumback, Daryl

2010-04-01

In this paper, we conduct performance evaluation study for an aviation security cargo inspection queuing system for material flow and accountability. The queuing model employed in our study is based on discrete-event simulation and processes various types of cargo simultaneously. Onsite measurements are collected in an airport facility to validate the queuing model. The overall performance of the aviation security cargo inspection system is computed, analyzed, and optimized for the different system dynamics. Various performance measures are considered such as system capacity, residual capacity, throughput, capacity utilization, subscribed capacity utilization, resources capacity utilization, subscribed resources capacity utilization, and number of cargo pieces (or pallets) in the different queues. These metrics are performance indicators of the system's ability to service current needs and response capacity to additional requests. We studied and analyzed different scenarios by changing various model parameters such as number of pieces per pallet, number of TSA inspectors and ATS personnel, number of forklifts, number of explosives trace detection (ETD) and explosives detection system (EDS) inspection machines, inspection modality distribution, alarm rate, and cargo closeout time. The increased physical understanding resulting from execution of the queuing model utilizing these vetted performance measures should reduce the overall cost and shipping delays associated with new inspection requirements.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - At the Astrotech Space Operations processing facilities, NASA’s MESSENGER spacecraft is lifted off the pallet for transfer to a work stand. There employees of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, builders of the spacecraft, will perform an initial state-of-health check. Then processing for launch can begin, including checkout of the power systems, communications systems and control systems. The thermal blankets will also be attached for flight. MESSENGER - short for MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry and Ranging - will be launched May 11 on a six-year mission aboard a Boeing Delta II rocket. Liftoff is targeted for 2:26 a.m. EDT on Tuesday, May 11.

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-03-10

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - At the Astrotech Space Operations processing facilities, NASA’s MESSENGER spacecraft is lifted off the pallet for transfer to a work stand. There employees of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, builders of the spacecraft, will perform an initial state-of-health check. Then processing for launch can begin, including checkout of the power systems, communications systems and control systems. The thermal blankets will also be attached for flight. MESSENGER - short for MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry and Ranging - will be launched May 11 on a six-year mission aboard a Boeing Delta II rocket. Liftoff is targeted for 2:26 a.m. EDT on Tuesday, May 11.

Capacity Utilization Study for Aviation Security Cargo Inspection Queuing System

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Allgood, Glenn O; Olama, Mohammed M; Lake, Joe E

In this paper, we conduct performance evaluation study for an aviation security cargo inspection queuing system for material flow and accountability. The queuing model employed in our study is based on discrete-event simulation and processes various types of cargo simultaneously. Onsite measurements are collected in an airport facility to validate the queuing model. The overall performance of the aviation security cargo inspection system is computed, analyzed, and optimized for the different system dynamics. Various performance measures are considered such as system capacity, residual capacity, throughput, capacity utilization, subscribed capacity utilization, resources capacity utilization, subscribed resources capacity utilization, and number ofmore » cargo pieces (or pallets) in the different queues. These metrics are performance indicators of the system s ability to service current needs and response capacity to additional requests. We studied and analyzed different scenarios by changing various model parameters such as number of pieces per pallet, number of TSA inspectors and ATS personnel, number of forklifts, number of explosives trace detection (ETD) and explosives detection system (EDS) inspection machines, inspection modality distribution, alarm rate, and cargo closeout time. The increased physical understanding resulting from execution of the queuing model utilizing these vetted performance measures should reduce the overall cost and shipping delays associated with new inspection requirements.« less

Spacelab

NASA Image and Video Library

1981-01-01

Spacelab was a versatile laboratory carried in the Space Shuttle's cargo bay for special research flights. Its various elements could be combined to accommodate the many types of scientific research that could best be performed in space. Spacelab consisted of an enclosed, pressurized laboratory module and open U-shaped pallets located at the rear of the laboratory module. The laboratory module contained utilities, computers, work benches, and instrument racks to conduct scientific experiments in astronomy, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, and engineering. Equipment, such as telescopes, anternas, and sensors, was mounted on pallets for direct exposure to space. A 1-meter (3.3-ft.) diameter aluminum tunnel, resembling a z-shaped tube, connected the crew compartment (mid deck) to the module. The reusable Spacelab allowed scientists to bring experiment samples back to Earth for post-flight analysis. Spacelab was a cooperative venture of the European Space Agency (ESA) and NASA. ESA was responsible for funding, developing, and building of Spacelab, while NASA was responsible for the launch and operational use of Spacelab. Spacelab missions were cooperative efforts between scientists and engineers from around the world. Teams from NASA centers, universities, private industry, government agencies and international space organizations designed the experiments. The Marshall Space Flight Center was NASA's lead center for monitoring the development of Spacelab and managing the program.

Tethered Space Satellite-1 (TSS-1): Technical Roundabouts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

O'Connor, Brian; Stevens, Jennifer

2016-01-01

In the early 1990's US and Italian scientists collaborated to study the electrodynamics of dragging a satellite on a tether through the electrically charged portion of Earth's atmosphere called the ionosphere. An electrical current induced in the long wire could be used for power and thrust generation for a satellite. Other tether uses include momentum exchange, artificial gravity, deployment of sensors or antennas, and gravity-gradient stabilization for satellites. Before the Tethered Space Satellite (TSS-1), no long tether had ever been flown, so many questions existed on how it would actually behave. The TSS consisted of a satellite with science experiments attached to a 12.5 mile long, very thin (0.10 inch diameter) copper wire assembly wound around a spool in the deployer reel mechanism. With the Space Shuttle at an altitude of 160 nautical miles above earth, the satellite was to be deployed by raising it from the Shuttle bay on a boom facing away from Earth. Once cleared of the bay, the deployer mechanism was to slowly feed out the 12-plus miles of tether. Scientific data would be collected throughout the operation, after which the satellite would be reeled back in. Pre-flight testing system level tests involved setting up a tether receiver to catch the 12.5 mile tether onto another reel as it was being unwound by the deployer reel mechanism. Testing only the reel mechanism is straightforward. This test becomes more complicated when the TSS is mounted on the flight pallet at Kennedy Space Center (KSC). The system level tests must be passed before the pallet can be installed into the Space Shuttle cargo bay. A few months before flight, the TSS payload had been integrated onto the Spacelab pallet and system level tests, including unreeling and reeling the tether, had been successfully completed. Some of this testing equipment was then shipped back to the contractor Martin Marietta. Systems-level load analyses, which cannot be run until all information about each payload is finalized, was run in parallel with the physical integration of the hardware into the Shuttle payload bay. The coupled loads analysis, as it is called, incorporates any updates to the model due to system level tests, and any changes that were found during integration. The coupled loads analysis revealed that a single bolt attaching the deployer reel mechanism to the support structure had a "negative margin" - which is an indication that it might fail during operation. Hardware certification rules do not allow for hardware to fly with negative margins, so this issue had to be resolved before the flight. Since there is conservatism in engineering analysis, there is an option to "waive" the margin requirement, and fly the experiment as is. On the other hand, a structural failure of one payload could have serious or catastrophic consequences to other payloads and possibly the mission. Minor design changes or fixes might be feasible within the payload bay prior to launch. Any major design changes that required the spooling test to validate the hardware, or for the pallet to be removed, would cause TSS not to be ready for the Shuttle launch.

Tethered Space Satellite-1 (TSS-1): Wound About a Bolt

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

O'Connor, Brian; Stevens, Jennifer

2016-01-01

In the early 1990's US and Italian scientists collaborated to study the electrodynamics on a long tether between two satellites as it moved through the electrically charged portion of Earth's atmosphere called the ionosphere. Potential uses for the electrical current induced in the long wire include power and thrust generation for a satellite, momentum exchange, artificial gravity, deployment of sensors or antennas, and gravity-gradient stabilization. The Tethered Space Satellite (TSS) was a first-of-its-kind experiment with long tethers in space. It consisted of a satellite with science experiments attached to a 12.5 mile long, very thin (0.10 inch diameter) copper wire assembly wound around a spool in the deployer reel mechanism. The whole mechanism sits on a pallet that is installed into the Shuttle bay. At an altitude of 160 nautical miles above earth, the satellite would be deplodeployed from the Shuttle bay by raising it on a boom facing away from Earth. Once cleared of the bay, the deployer mechanism would slowly feed out the 12-plus miles of tether. Scientific data would be collected throughout the operation, after which the satellite would be reeled back in. A receiver spool to catch the 12.5 mile tether as it was being unwound by the deployer reel mechanism was set up to do the system-level test of deployer real mechanism prior to installing the loaded pallet into the Shuttle bay. The system level tests were required before the pallet could be installed into the Space Shuttle cargo bay. A few months before flight, the system level tests, including unreeling and reeling the tether, were completed at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and the TSS payload was installed onto the Spacelab pallet. Some of this testing equipment was then shipped back to the contractor, Martin Marietta. Integration with the Shuttle began. Systems-level load analyses, which cannot be run until all information about each payload is finalized, was run in parallel with the physical integration of the hardware into the Shuttle payload bay. An analysis, called Coupled loads analysis, incorporates any updates to the model due to system level tests of all the different payloads, and any changes that were found during integration. Engineering analysis examines the worst case scenarios for the loads the hardware will see. The two times during the mission where the dynamic loads are the worst were 1) the first 10-second portion of Shuttle lift off, and 2) a 2-second time during landing when the landing gears hit the ground. The coupled loads analysis using the final verification loads showed that a single bolt attaching the deployer reel mechanism to the support structure had a "negative margin" - which is an indication that it might fail - during touch down. Hardware certification rules do not allow for hardware to fly with negative margins. A structural failure of one payload could have serious or catastrophic consequences to other payloads, or may significantly damage the Orbiter. The issue had to be resolved before the flight.

Payload Crew Training Complex (PCTC) utilization and training plan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Self, M. R.

1980-01-01

The physical facilities that comprise the payload crew training complex (PCTC) are described including the host simulator; experiment simulators; Spacelab aft flight deck, experiment pallet, and experiment rack mockups; the simulation director's console; payload operations control center; classrooms; and supporting soft- and hardware. The parameters of a training philosophy for payload crew training at the PCTC are established. Finally the development of the training plan is addressed including discussions of preassessment, and evaluation options.

Power System Assessment for the Burnt Mountain Seismic Observatory

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-03-01

aluminum alloy anode, an oxygen cathode, a caustic (potassium hydroxide) electrolyte. tankage to hold the electrodes and electrolyte plus a small pump...ground shifting which is characteristic of tundra. Movement of the tundra can subject any buried lines to heavy shear loads which could stress the...with the forks fully engaged under the pallet, or by an overhead hoist or crane attached to the handling sling. All ma- terials handling equipment

TIMING APPARATUS

DOEpatents

Bennett, A.E.; Geisow, J.C.H.

1956-04-17

The timing device comprises an escapement wheel and pallet, a spring drive to rotate the escapement wheel to a zero position, means to wind the pretensioned spring proportional to the desired signal time, and a cam mechanism to control an electrical signal switch by energizing the switch when the spring has been wound to the desired position, and deenergizing it when it reaches the zero position. This device produces an accurately timed signal variably witain the control of the operator.

Report to Congress on the Activities of the DoD Office of Technology Transition

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-03-01

carbon aerogel paper as both the positive and negative electrodes. A microporous separator is placed between the two electrodes, creating a sandwich ...sized to occupy minimal pallet space on a cargo aircraft , and offers reduced water requirements and equipment weight. D-13 Advanced Composites Carry... Aircraft , National Center for Manufacturing Sciences (NCMS/CTMA) and the U.S. DoD partnership Conference National Aeronautical Systems and Technology

KSC-01pp0953

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-05-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- In the Operations and Checkout Building, workers check out the placement of one of four gas tanks on the Spacelab Logistics Double Pallet. Part of the STS-104 payload, the storage tanks two gaseous oxygen and two gaseous nitrogen comprise the high pressure gas assembly that will be attached to the Joint Airlock Module during two spacewalks. The tanks will support future spacewalk operations from the Station and augment the Service Module gas resupply system

Perceptions of the Pure Pallet Program

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-03-01

These values are used in computing the Kaiser - Meyer - Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy by comparin them with that item’s simple correlations...values are provided in Table 32 of Appendix G. The Kaiser - Meyer - Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy was computed, resulting in a value of .92...This comparison is expressed as an index with values between zero and one. Kaiser declares, as quoted by Spicer, that measur 0.90s as marvelous, in

Launch of the STS 51-F Challenger

NASA Image and Video Library

1985-07-29

51F-S-061 (29 July 1985) --- The 19th Space Shuttle mission gets off to a beginning as the Challenger soars toward earth orbit where it is scheduled to spend a week for a series of mostly scientific tasks. Challenger carries seven crewmembers and Spacelab 2 science pallets. A number of photographers record the event on camera. Launch occurred at 5:00 p.m. (EDT), July 29, 1985. The photo was taken by Otis Imboden.

The effect of curve sawing two-sided cants from small diameter hardwood sawlogs on lumber and pallet part yields

Treesearch

Peter Hamner; Marshall S. White; Philip A. Araman

2006-01-01

Curve sawing is a primary log breakdown process that incorporates gang-saw technology to allow two-sided cants from logs with sweep to be cut parallel to the log surface or log axis. Since curve-sawn logs with sweep are cut along the grain, the potential for producing high quality straight-grain lumber and cants increases, and strength, stiffness, and dimensional...

McDonnell Douglas Space Systems worker checks STS-46 TSS wiring at KSC O and C

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

In the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) Operations and Checkout (O and C) Building, a McDonnell Douglas Space Systems technician Hugh Beins, wearing a clean suit, inspects a complex array of wiring for the Tethered Satellite System (TSS) scheduled to fly on STS-46 aboard Atlantis, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104. Other technicians work on the spacelab enhanced multiplexer/demultiplexer pallet (EMP) and support struts in the background.

The development of a high-capacity instrument module heat transport system, appendixes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1981-01-01

Data sheets provide temperature requirements for 82 individual instruments that are under development or planned for grouping on a space platform or pallet. The scientific objectives of these instrument packages are related to solar physics, space plasma physics, astronomy, high energy astrophysics, resources observations, environmental observations, materials processing, and life sciences. System specifications are given for a high capacity instrument module heat transport system to be used with future payloads.

Analysis of Pacific Enroute Structure in Support of C-5M Super Galaxy

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-19

Christopher J. Keller, BS, MS Major, USAF Lt Col Adam Reiman , PhD Research Advisor AFIT-ENS-GRP-15-J-011 Abstract...Adam Reiman , for his guidance and support throughout the course of this research effort. His insights and experience were certainly appreciated. I...reasonable to expect a payload of approximately 160,000 pounds. Figure 1. Pallet weight distribution ( Reiman , et al., 2013:6) This research will

JEM RMS OPS

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-09-23

ISS020-E-042237 (23 Sept. 2009) --- NASA astronaut Nicole Stott and European Space Agency astronaut Frank De Winne, both Expedition 20 flight engineers, work the controls of the JEM Robotic Manipulator System (JEM-RMS) in the Kibo laboratory of the International Space Station. De Winne and Stott used the JEM-RMS to grapple the Exposed Pallet (EP) from the station’s Canadarm2 and berth it to the JEM Exposed Facility / Exposed Facility Unit 10 (JEF EFU10).

JEM RMS OPS

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-09-23

ISS020-E-042225 (23 Sept. 2009) --- NASA astronaut Nicole Stott and European Space Agency astronaut Frank De Winne, both Expedition 20 flight engineers, work the controls of the JEM Robotic Manipulator System (JEM-RMS) in the Kibo laboratory of the International Space Station. De Winne and Stott used the JEM-RMS to grapple the Exposed Pallet (EP) from the station’s Canadarm2 and berth it to the JEM Exposed Facility / Exposed Facility Unit 10 (JEF EFU10).

View of Spacelab 2 pallet in the open payload bay

NASA Image and Video Library

1985-07-29

51F-33-005 (29 July - 6 August 1985) --- Experiments and the instrument pointing system (IPS) for Spacelab 2 are backdropped against the Libya/Tunisia Mediterranean coast and black space in this 70mm view photographed through the aft flight deck windows of the Space Shuttle Challenger. Also partially visible among the cluster of Spacelab 2 hardware are the solar optical universal polarimeter (SOUP) experiment and the coronal helium abundance experiment (CHASE).

MS Hadfield and MS Parazynski raise the SSRMS from the SLP during an EVA for STS-100

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-04-22

STS100-714-027 (19 April-1 May 2001) --- Astronaut Chris A. Hadfield, mission specialist representing the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), stands on the portable foot restraint (PFR) connected to the Endeavour's remote manipulator system (RMS) robotic arm, during one of the two days of extravehicular activity (EVA) on the STS-100 mission. Astronaut Scott E. Parazynski, mission specialist, is seen at left near the Spacelab pallet.

Mitigating the Erratic Behavior of the Transportation Working Capital Fund Through Accurate Forecasting

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-19

trigger a massive tsunami hitting the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant creating the largest nuclear incident since the Chernobyl disaster in1986. The...progress. Though Kadena is several hundred miles closer to Osan than Misawa, once the pallet arrives at Kadena it will need to be processed and may...example is after rates are stabilized (fixed rate for the entire year of execution) there is a sudden spike in aviation fuel prices. A substantial

Tracking Air Force Pallets Using RFID Technology: A Concept Study.

DTIC Science & Technology

1995-09-01

cost savings in terms of overall mission impact ( Horngren , 1994: 704-705). To illustrate the far-reaching control advantages of RF/ED, 3-3 the...estimate of $1,500,000 accounts only for the base pay labor costs directly associated with the physical process of opening and gathering information on...The total figure of $15,625,000 accounts only for estimated shipping costs of reordered assets. It does not account for the additional burden on the in

Low HAP/VOC Compliant Resins for Military Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-09-01

the transmissions are return-shipped from theatre on base wood pallets, which further exposes them to significant damage. RRAD has explored the use...HMMWV transmission) shall be supported at one end of its base on a wood sill or block, 15 centimeters (cm) in height, and placed at right angles to...thickness of not more than 5 cm of wood between the barrier and container shall be provided for the container to strike against. The suspended container

Power consumption and lumber yields for reduced-kerf circular saws cutting hardwoods

Treesearch

Donald G. Cuppett

1982-01-01

Two 50-inch diameter headsaws were used for sawing (a) hardwood cants into boards, and (b) hardwood bolts into pallet parts. One saw had a 9x10 gage plate with 114-inch kerf teeth, and the other had a 7x8 gage plate with 9/32-inch kerf teeth. Power consumption for the two saws was determined with a watt-hour meter, measuring power used for paired cuts in 6-inch thick...

Design Concepts for Helicopter Pallets and Gondolas

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-11-01

Effectiveness 25 STABILITY 26 Towing Stability 26 Vertical Drag 31 CH-47 32 Table of Contents (continued) PAGE CH-54 35 Hm 36 Lift Point...enemy fire increases as the vehicle operates near the area or line of engagement. Therefore, it may be undesirable to expose the Hm (a high-value...i UPPER STRUCTURE LOADS &■ 30181 ^ S ^ ^ A" ^>- 1 9841 880 1408 ♦ 8 29018 9848 Figure 30. Gondola Loaded With M54 Truck and M149 Trailer

KSC-01pp0952

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-05-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- An overhead crane in the Operations and Checkout Building lowers one of four gas tanks onto the Spacelab Logistics Double Pallet while workers help guide it. Part of the STS-104 payload, the storage tanks two gaseous oxygen and two gaseous nitrogen comprise the high pressure gas assembly that will be attached to the Joint Airlock Module during two spacewalks. The tanks will support future spacewalk operations from the Station and augment the Service Module gas resupply system

Workshop on Critical ORI Issues Held in Bordeaux, France on OCtober 27 - 29, 1992. Program and Abstracts.

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-10-29

These people try to make their robotic vehicle as intelligent and autonomous as possible with the current state of technology. The robot only interacts... Robotics Peter J. Burt David Sarnoff Research Center Princeton, NJ 08543-5300 U.S.A. The ability of an operator to drive a remotely piloted vehicle depends...RESUPPLY - System which can rapidly and autonomously load and unload palletized ammunition. (18) AUTONOMOUS COMBAT EVACUATION VEHICLE - Robotic arms

Environmental Assessment: Construction and Operation of Defense Logistics Agency General Purpose Warehouse of Consolidation, Containerization and Palletization

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-08-16

lfwe may be of further assistance, please contact Elizabeth Shirk, Environmental Review Coordinator at (404) 65 I -6624, or Jackie Horlbeck...Section 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended. Bru ;ed on the information provided, HPD believes that the proposed undertaking...referenced above in any future correspondence regar·ding this matter. If we may be of further assistance, please contact Elizabeth Shirk, Environmental Review

The Application of Radio Frequency Identification Technology to Overcome Three Common Aerial Port Challenges: A Concept

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-06-01

better record keeping (d’Hont, 2004). Unilever , the 25th largest company in the world and manufacturer of toothpaste and shampoo, uses RFID...January 2004b. -----. “’Smart Pallet System’ at Unilever .” Excerpt from article from Texas Instruments company website, issue 16, 1996. n. pag...valuable background and perspective for this paper. Thank you Arlene for your patience during those long nights and several weekends when I needed to

Fouling and Boring of Glass Reinforced Plastic - Balsa Blocks in a Tropical Marine Environment,

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-03-01

borers had decomposed prior to examination of the blocks but eight molluscan species were identified from hard parts (pallets and shells ) found in the...or bivalve molluscs and these differ in their boring habit and subsequently the type of damage they cause. Crustacean borers excavate tunnels several...or teredo, excavate tunnels lined with calcium carbonate to accomodate their elongate bodies which, in some species, can be up to 2m long. They feed

New system speeds bundling of split firewood

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1979-01-01

A firewood compacting and strapping machine is manufactured by Carolson Stapler and Shippers Supply, Omaha, and FMC Industrial Packaging Division, Philadelphia. A hydraulic compactor applies 20,000 lbs of compressive force to each bundle of split logs, reducing each package to a diameter of about 12 inches. A polypropylene band is applied and heat sealed around each bundle. Bundles are stacked on end, twenty-four to a pallet, and the entire load is banded with one horizontal strap.

The Joint Modular Intermodal Container, is this the Future of Naval Logistics?

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-06-01

pallet size. Contrast this with the commercial shipping industry , which for the last 40 years has been moving non-bulk goods in hyper-efficient container...a Heavy UNREP station than a current STREAM .7station7. Figure 4: Heavy UNREP Enables New Loads to be passed Between Ships UACN et Enggines (12,000 ls...man-hours are being spent on inefficient and relatively inaccurate paper-based accounting methods. The industry standard for automated accounting

Aircraft Enroute Command and Control Comms Redesign Mechanical Documentation

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-01

and power equipment is secured. Custom racks , with 8 server rack bays, are mounted to the pallet, with 2 desk stations for equipment operators...conventional rack equipment. Equipment in the original system was larger and heavier than the new equipment selected for the NG-JC2S. Battery backup was...purposes. The equipment also needed to be easily removable in the event of equipment failure. Surplus rack space available in the NG-JC2S system allowed

Army Logistician. Volume 35, Issue 4, July-August 2003

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-08-01

DPOCs ). MPOCs and DPOCs are mobile MTMC offices that provide the same infor- mation technology capabilities that MTMC personnel have at their home...secondary ports, and DPOCs are shelterized and are used for major or regional conflicts. MPOCs and DPOCs provide MTMC with C4 systems to control and...finding items in the maze of pallets and con- tainers was like searching for the proverbial needle in a haystack. Now, thanks to MPOCs, DPOCs , MMCS, and

Whole-Body Vibration Assessment of the Palletized Load System

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-07-01

Xj’NurP! limit 40 SEL,- Health end safey exposure ,. m-, - Lor.gitunal RUN-i 7 P-sea FDOP: Fatiuc docfeoted proficiency boundary Y. Transverse RUN -1 7...boutdar- I*talyur .. at~ique-dccrcascd jiotl•cericy boundary |1Lalth ... |uaiLh and safety exposure limit 42 HSEL: Health and safey exposure limit X...iderrtlfy by block number) An evaluation of all new tactical vehicles and aircraft is required to a.sosas potential whole-body vibration (WBV) health

De Winne and Stott at JEM-RMS controls

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-09-23

ISS020-E-041828 (23 Sept. 2009) --- European Space Agency astronaut Frank De Winne and NASA astronaut Nicole Stott, both Expedition 20 flight engineers, work the controls of the JEM Robotic Manipulator System (JEM-RMS) in the Kibo laboratory of the International Space Station. De Winne and Stott used the JEM-RMS to grapple the Exposed Pallet (EP) from the station’s Canadarm2 and berth it to the JEM Exposed Facility / Exposed Facility Unit 10 (JEF EFU10).

Analysis of selected specimens from the STS-46 Energetic Oxygen Interaction with Materials-3 experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Golden, Johnny L.; Bourassa, Roger J.; Dursch, Harry W.; Pippin, H. Gary

1995-01-01

The Energetic Oxygen Interaction with Materials 3 (EOIM-3) experiment was flown on the STS-46 mission, which was launched on 31 Jul. 1992 and returned 8 Aug. 1992. Boeing specimens were located on both the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) tray and the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) tray integrated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). The EOIM-3 pallet was mounted in the Space Shuttle payload bay near the aft bulkhead. During the mission, the atomic oxygen (AO) exposure levels of specimens in these passive sample trays was about 2.3 x 10(exp 20) atoms/sq cm. The specimens also received an estimated 22 equivalent sun hours of solar exposure. In addition, it appears that the EOIM-3 pallet was exposed to a silicone contamination source and many specimens had a thin layer of silicon based deposit on their surfaces after the flight. The specimens on the MSFC tray included seven solid film lubricants, a selection of butyl rubber (B612) and silicone (S383) o-rings, three indirect scatter surfaces, and Silver/Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (Ag/FEP) and Chemglaze A276 specimens which had previously flown on trailing edge locations of the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF). The specimens on the JPL tray included composites previously flown on LDEF and two indirect scattering surfaces.

Astronauts Working in Spacelab

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1999-01-01

This Quick Time movie captures astronaut Jan Davis and her fellow crew members working in the Spacelab, a versatile laboratory carried in the Space Shuttle's cargo bay for special research flights. Its various elements can be combined to accommodate the many types of scientific research that can best be performed in space. Spacelab consisted of an enclosed, pressurized laboratory module and open U-shaped pallets located at the rear of the laboratory module. The laboratory module contained utilities, computers, work benches, and instrument racks to conduct scientific experiments in astronomy, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, and engineering. Equipment, such as telescopes, antennas, and sensors, is mounted on pallets for direct exposure to space. A 1-meter (3.3-ft.) diameter aluminum tunnel, resembling a z-shaped tube, connected the crew compartment (mid deck) to the module. The reusable Spacelab allowed scientists to bring experiment samples back to Earth for post-flight analysis. Spacelab was a cooperative venture of the European Space Agency (ESA) and NASA. ESA was responsible for funding, developing, and building Spacelab, while NASA was responsible for the launch and operational use of Spacelab. Spacelab missions were cooperative efforts between scientists and engineers from around the world. Teams from NASA centers, universities, private industry, government agencies and international space organizations designed the experiments. The Marshall Space Flight Center was NASA's lead center for monitoring the development of Spacelab and managing the program.

Global Interior Robot Localisation by a Colour Content Image Retrieval System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chaari, A.; Lelandais, S.; Montagne, C.; Ahmed, M. Ben

2007-12-01

We propose a new global localisation approach to determine a coarse position of a mobile robot in structured indoor space using colour-based image retrieval techniques. We use an original method of colour quantisation based on the baker's transformation to extract a two-dimensional colour pallet combining as well space and vicinity-related information as colourimetric aspect of the original image. We conceive several retrieving approaches bringing to a specific similarity measure [InlineEquation not available: see fulltext.] integrating the space organisation of colours in the pallet. The baker's transformation provides a quantisation of the image into a space where colours that are nearby in the original space are also nearby in the output space, thereby providing dimensionality reduction and invariance to minor changes in the image. Whereas the distance [InlineEquation not available: see fulltext.] provides for partial invariance to translation, sight point small changes, and scale factor. In addition to this study, we developed a hierarchical search module based on the logic classification of images following rooms. This hierarchical module reduces the searching indoor space and ensures an improvement of our system performances. Results are then compared with those brought by colour histograms provided with several similarity measures. In this paper, we focus on colour-based features to describe indoor images. A finalised system must obviously integrate other type of signature like shape and texture.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - At the Astrotech Space Operations processing facilities near KSC, workers check the moveable pallet holding NASA’s MESSENGER spacecraft. MESSENGER - short for MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry and Ranging - will be taken into a high bay clean room and employees of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, builders of the spacecraft, will perform an initial state-of-health check. Then processing for launch can begin, including checkout of the power systems, communications systems and control systems. The thermal blankets will also be attached for flight. MESSENGER will be launched May 11 on a six-year mission aboard a Boeing Delta II rocket. Liftoff is targeted for 2:26 a.m. EDT on Tuesday, May 11.

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-03-10

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - At the Astrotech Space Operations processing facilities near KSC, workers check the moveable pallet holding NASA’s MESSENGER spacecraft. MESSENGER - short for MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry and Ranging - will be taken into a high bay clean room and employees of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, builders of the spacecraft, will perform an initial state-of-health check. Then processing for launch can begin, including checkout of the power systems, communications systems and control systems. The thermal blankets will also be attached for flight. MESSENGER will be launched May 11 on a six-year mission aboard a Boeing Delta II rocket. Liftoff is targeted for 2:26 a.m. EDT on Tuesday, May 11.

Shuttle sortie electro-optical instruments study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

A study to determine the feasibility of adapting existing electro-optical instruments (designed and sucessfully used for ground operations) for use on a shuttle sortie flight and to perform satisfactorily in the space environment is considered. The suitability of these two instruments (a custom made image intensifier camera system and an off-the-shelf secondary electron conduction television camera) to support a barium ion cloud experiment was studied for two different modes of spacelab operation - within the pressurized module and on the pallet.

Preliminary Concept, Specifications, and Requirements for a Zero-Gravity Combustion Facility for Spacelab

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dewitt, Richard L.

1978-01-01

The preliminary concept, specifications, and requirements of a reusable zero gravity combustion facility (0-GCF) for use by experimenters aboard the spacelab payload of the space transportation system (STS) orbiter are described. The facility will be amenable to any mission of the STS orbiter in which a spacelab habitable segment and pallet segment are integral and for which orbital mission plans specify induced accelerations of 0.0001 g or less for sufficiently long periods so as not to impact experiment performance.

Low-Hazardous Air Pollutant (HAP)/Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) - Compliant Resins for Military Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-07-01

transmissions are return-shipped from theatre on base wood pallets, which further exposes them to significant damage. RRAD has explored the use of metal...drop test is as follows: The packed container (with appropriate HMMWV transmission) shall be supported at one end of its base on a wood sill or...length to prevent any interference or binding. A flat, vertical, stationary masonry or metal barrier, with a thickness of not more than 5 cm of wood

Electronically steerable millimeter wave antenna techniques for space shuttle applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kummer, W. H.

1975-01-01

A large multi-function antenna aperture and related components are described which will perform electronic steering of one or more beams for two of the three applications envisioned: (1) communications, (2) radar, and (3) radiometry. The array consists of a 6-meter folded antenna that fits into two pallets. The communications frequencies are 20 and 30 GHz, while the radar is to operate at 13.9 GHz. Weight, prime power, and volumes are given parametrically; antenna designs, electronics configurations, and mechanical design were studied.

Space platform utilities distribution study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lefever, A. E.

1980-01-01

Generic concepts for the installation of power data and thermal fluid distribution lines on large space platforms were discussed. Connections with central utility subsystem modules and pallet interfaces were also considered. Three system concept study platforms were used as basepoints for the detail development. The tradeoff of high voltage low voltage power distribution and the impact of fiber optics as a data distribution mechanism were analyzed. Thermal expansion and temperature control of utility lines and ducts were considered. Technology developments required for implementation of the generic distribution concepts were identified.

Bird's eye view of the STS-7 cargo bay inside the VPF

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1983-01-01

Bird's eye view of the STS-7 cargo bay inside the vertical processing facility during pre-move-to-pad preparations. From top to bottom (forward to aft), the payloads are West Germany/Rbb's SPAS-01 or shuttle pallet satellite; OSTA-2, the second shuttle experiment sponsored by NASA Office of Space and Terrestrial Applications; Palapa B-1, a second generation communications spacecraft designed and built for Indonesia and Anik C-2, a communications satellite owned and operated by Telesat of Canada.

A Framework to Determine New System Requirements Under Design Parameter and Demand Uncertainties

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-13

Demand fluctuation on a day to day basis – Routes flown vary based on demand – Limited aircraft types: C-5, C-17, C-130, Boeing 747 -F, KC-135, etc...dataset – Demand for subset served by C-5, C-17 and 747 -F (~75% of total demand) – Fixed density and dimension of pallet (463 L) • Our aircraft...fleet consists of only the C-5, C-17 and 747 -F. Source: www.amc.af.mil 30

And the World Turned: Spin Testing the DG-1000S

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-10-01

were exceeded: 1) 30 degrees of pitch 2) 60 degrees of roll , or 3) 90 degrees of heading change. It is important to note that measurement of these post... roll or yaw angles were continuing to change at a steady or increasing rate when these criteria were exceeded. See Table 1 for adapted MIL-F-83691B...bulkhead immediately behind the rear cockpit. The pallet included a MEMSIC NAV-440 inertial measurement unit ( IMU ) which was capable of measuring

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - The JEM Pressurized Module is seen in the hold of the ship that carried it from Japan. The National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) built the laboratory at the Tsukuba Space Center near Tokyo. The Pressurized Module is the first element of the JEM, Japan’s primary contribution to the space station, to be delivered to KSC. It will enhance the unique research capabilities of the orbiting complex by providing an additional shirt-sleeve environment for astronauts to conduct science experiments. The JEM also includes two logistics modules, an exposed pallet for space environment experiments and a robotic manipulator system that are still under construction in Japan. The various JEM components will be assembled in space over the course of three space shuttle missions.

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-05-30

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - The JEM Pressurized Module is seen in the hold of the ship that carried it from Japan. The National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA) built the laboratory at the Tsukuba Space Center near Tokyo. The Pressurized Module is the first element of the JEM, Japan’s primary contribution to the space station, to be delivered to KSC. It will enhance the unique research capabilities of the orbiting complex by providing an additional shirt-sleeve environment for astronauts to conduct science experiments. The JEM also includes two logistics modules, an exposed pallet for space environment experiments and a robotic manipulator system that are still under construction in Japan. The various JEM components will be assembled in space over the course of three space shuttle missions.

Heuristic Algorithms for Solving Two Dimensional Loading Problems.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-03-01

L6i MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART WTI0WAL BL4WA64OF STANDARDS- 1963-A -~~ le -I I ~- A-LA4C TEC1-NlCAL ’c:LJ? HEURISTIC ALGORITHMS FOR SOLVING...CONSIDER THE FOLLOWjING PROBLEM; ALLOCATE A SET OF ON’ DOXES, EACH HAVING A SPECIFIED LENGTH, WIDTH AND HEIGHT, TO A PALLET OF LENGTH " Le AND WIDTH "W...THE BOXES AND TI-EN-SELECT TI- lE BEST SOLUTION. SINCE THESE HEURISTICS ARE ESSENTIALLY A TRIAL AND ERROR PROCEDURE THEIR FORMULAS BECOME VERY

Platform Design for Fleet-Level Efficiency: Application for Air Mobility Command (AMC)

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-04-01

and networking that has been the hallmark of previous symposia. By purposely limiting attendance to 350 people, we encourage just that. This forum...F X Cap x C   (capacity) (7)       , , ,TO X X X XS Pallet AR W S T W D (aircraft take-off distance) (8) 6 36 XPallet (9...the solution space. Heuristic algorithms such as Simulated Annealing (SA), Genetic Algorithms ( GA ), and so forth, may be needed to solve the small

Delay Tolerant Networking on NASA's Space Communication and Navigation Testbed

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, Sandra; Eddy, Wesley

2016-01-01

This presentation covers the status of the implementation of an open source software that implements the specifications developed by the CCSDS Working Group. Interplanetary Overlay Network (ION) is open source software and it implements specifications that have been developed by two international working groups through IETF and CCSDS. ION was implemented on the SCaN Testbed, a testbed located on an external pallet on ISS, by the GRC team. The presentation will cover the architecture of the system, high level implementation details, and issues porting ION to VxWorks.

KSC-97PC999

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-07-07

The Space Shuttle Orbiter Discovery rolls over from Orbiter Processing Facility 2 on top of the orbiter transporter to the Vehicle Assembly Building for mating with its external tank and solid rocket boosters in preparation for the STS-85 mission. Several payloads will be aboard Discovery during the 11-day mission, including the Manipulator Flight Demonstration (MFD) and the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere-Shuttle Pallet Satellite-2 (CRISTA-SPAS-2), as well as the Technology Applications and Science-1 (TAS-1) and International Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker (IEH-2) experiments

KSC-97PC997

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-07-07

The Space Shuttle Orbiter Discovery rolls over from Orbiter Processing Facility 2 on top of the orbiter transporter to the Vehicle Assembly Building for mating with its external tank and solid rocket boosters in preparation for the STS-85 mission. Several payloads will be aboard Discovery during the 11-day mission, including the Manipulator Flight Demonstration (MFD) and the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere-Shuttle Pallet Satellite-2 (CRISTA-SPAS-2), as well as the Technology Applications and Science-1 (TAS-1) and International Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker (IEH-2) experiments

KSC-97PC996

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-07-07

The Space Shuttle Orbiter Discovery in Orbiter Processing Facility 2 begins its rollover on top of the orbiter transporter to the Vehicle Assembly Building for mating with its external tank and solid rocket boosters in preparation for the STS-85 mission. Several payloads will be aboard Discovery during the 11-day mission, including the Manipulator Flight Demonstration (MFD) and the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere-Shuttle Pallet Satellite-2 (CRISTA-SPAS-2), as well as the Technology Applications and Science-1 (TAS-1) and International Extreme Ultraviolet Hitchhiker (IEH-2) experiments

Recent sounding rocket highlights and a concept for melding sounding rocket and space shuttle activities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lane, J. H.; Mayo, E. E.

1980-01-01

Highlights include launching guided vehicles into the African Solar Eclipse, initiation of development of a Three-Stage Black Brant to explore the dayside polar cusp, large payload Aries Flights at White Sands Missile Range, and an active program with the Orion vehicle family using surplus motors. Sounding rocket philosophy and experience is being applied to the shuttle in a Get Away Special and Experiments of Opportunity Payloads Programs. In addition, an orbit selection and targeting software system to support shuttle pallet mounted experiments is under development.

Spacelab Accomplishments Forum 4

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Emond, J. (Editor); Bennet, N. (Compiler); McCauley, D. (Compiler); Murphy, K. (Compiler); Baugher, Charles R. (Technical Monitor)

1999-01-01

The Spacelab Module, exposed platforms, and supporting instrumentation were designed and developed by the European Space Agency to house advanced experiments inside the Space Shuttle cargo bay. The Spacelab program has hosted a cross-disciplinary research agenda over a 17-year flight history. Several variations of Spacelab were used to host payloads for almost every space research discipline that NASA pursues-life sciences, microgravity research, space sciences, and earth observation studies. After seventeen years of flight, Spacelab modules, pallets, or variations thereof flew on the Shuttle 36 times for a total of 375 flight days.

Pallet Management System: A Study of the Implementation of UID/RFID Technology for Tracking Shipping Materials Within the Department of Defense Distribution Network

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-01

numbers—into inventory, sales, purchasing, marketing , and similar database systems distributed throughout an enterprise.(Sweeney, 2005) It can be seen as...the following: • Data sharing , both inside and outside of an enterprise. • Efficient management of massive data produced by an RFID system...matrix can be read omni-directionally and can be scaled down so that it can be affixed to small items. The DoD brokered an agreement with EAN/ UCC , the

International Space Station (ISS)

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-04-28

A Canadian "handshake" in space occurred on April 28, 2001, as the Canadian-built space station robotic arm (Canadarm2) transferred its launch cradle over to Endeavour's robotic arm. Pictured is astronaut James S. Voss, Expedition Two flight engineer, working the controls of the new robotic arm. Marning the controls from the shuttle's aft flight deck, Canadian Mission Specialist Chris A. Hadfield of the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) was instrumental in the activity. The Space lab pallet that carried the Canadarm2 robotic arm to the station was developed at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama.

KSC01padig202

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-04-19

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Spring leaves frame the launch of Space Shuttle Endeavour on mission STS-100, the ninth flight to the International Space Station. Liftoff occurred at 2:40:42 p.m. EDT. The 11-day mission will deliver and integrate the Spacelab Logistics Pallet/Launch Deployment Assembly, which includes the Space Station Remote Manipulator System and the UHF Antenna. The mission includes two planned spacewalks for installation of the SSRMS on the Station. Also onboard is the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Raffaello, carrying resupply stowage racks and resupply/return stowage platform

KSC01PP0831

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-04-19

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Spring leaves frame Space Shuttle Endeavour as the water captures the launch of mission STS-100. Liftoff of Endeavour on the ninth flight to the International Space Station occurred at 2:40:42 p.m. EDT. The 11-day mission will deliver and integrate the Spacelab Logistics Pallet/Launch Deployment Assembly, which includes the Space Station Remote Manipulator System and the UHF Antenna. The mission includes two planned spacewalks for installation of the SSRMS on the Station. Also onboard is the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Raffaello, carrying resupply stowage racks and resupply/return stowage platforms

NASA Enterprise Visual Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lopez-Tellado, Maria; DiSanto, Brenda; Humeniuk, Robert; Bard, Richard, Jr.; Little, Mia; Edwards, Robert; Ma, Tien-Chi; Hollifield, Kenneith; White, Chuck

2007-01-01

NASA Enterprise Visual Analysis (NEVA) is a computer program undergoing development as a successor to Launch Services Analysis Tool (LSAT), formerly known as Payload Carrier Analysis Tool (PCAT). NEVA facilitates analyses of proposed configurations of payloads and packing fixtures (e.g. pallets) in a space shuttle payload bay for transport to the International Space Station. NEVA reduces the need to use physical models, mockups, and full-scale ground support equipment in performing such analyses. Using NEVA, one can take account of such diverse considerations as those of weight distribution, geometry, collision avoidance, power requirements, thermal loads, and mechanical loads.

KSC-97PC1027

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-07-08

The complete remote sensing pallet is lowered by technicians from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) of the California Institute of Technology to mate with the Cassini spacecraft in the Payload Hazardous Servicing Facility at KSC in July. A four-year, close-up study of the Saturnian system, the Cassini mission is scheduled for launch from Cape Canaveral Air Station in October 1997. It will take seven years for the spacecraft to reach Saturn. Scientific instruments carried aboard the spacecraft will study Saturn’s atmosphere, magnetic field, rings, and several moons. JPL is managing the Cassini project for NASA

KSC-97PC1026

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-07-08

Technicians from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) of the California Institute of Technology lift the remote sensing pallet in the Payload Hazardous Servicing Facility at KSC in July prior to installation on the Cassini spacecraft. A four- year, close-up study of the Saturnian system, the Cassini mission is scheduled for launch from Cape Canaveral Air Station in October 1997. It will take seven years for the spacecraft to reach Saturn. Scientific instruments carried aboard the spacecraft will study Saturn’s atmosphere, magnetic field, rings, and several moons. JPL is managing the Cassini project for NASA

STS-39 SPAS-II IBSS is grappled by RMS over OV-103's payload bay (PLB)

NASA Image and Video Library

1991-05-06

STS039-15-017 (3 May 1990) --- This STS-39 35mm scene shows the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) Shuttle Pallet Satellite (SPAS-II) during its berthing following a period of data collection. During the eight-day flight, SPAS collected data in both a free-flying mode and while attached to the end effector of Discovery's remote manipulator system (RMS). Additional cargo, elements of the Air Force Program (AFP) 675 package, is seen near Discovery's aft bulkhead in the 60-ft. long payload bay.

Wire Rope Failure on the Guppy Winch

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Figert, John

2016-01-01

On January 6, 2016 at El Paso, the Guppy winch motor was changed. After completion of the operational checks, the load bar was being reinstalled on the cargo pallet when the motor control FORWARD relay failed in the energized position. The pallet was pinned at all locations (each pin has a load capacity of 16,000 lbs.) while the winch was running. The wire rope snapped before aircraft power could be removed. After disassembly, the fractured wire rope was shipped to ES4 lab for further characterization of the wire rope portion of the failure. The system was being operated without a clear understanding of the system capability and function. The proximate cause was the failure of the K48 -Forward Winch Control Relay in the energized position, which allowed the motor to continuously run without command from the hand controller, and operation of the winch system with both controllers connected to the system. This prevented the emergency stop feature on the hand controller from functioning as designed. An electrical checkout engineering work instruction was completed and identified the failed relay and confirmed the emergency stop only paused the system when the STOP button on both connected hand controllers were depressed simultaneously. The winch system incorporates a torque limiting clutch. It is suspected that the clutch did not slip and the motor did not stall or overload the current limiter. Aircraft Engineering is looking at how to change the procedures to provide a checkout of the clutch and set to a slip torque limit appropriate to support operations.

JSC Shuttle Mission Simulator (SMS) visual system payload bay video image

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1981-01-01

This video image is of the STS-2 Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, payload bay (PLB) showing the Office of Space Terrestrial Applications 1 (OSTA-1) pallet (Shuttle Imaging Radar A (SIR-A) antenna (left) and SIR-A recorder, Shuttle Multispectral Infrared Radiometer (SMIRR), Feature Identification Location Experiment (FILE), Measurement of Air Pollution for Satellites (MAPS) (right)). The image is used in JSC's Fixed Based (FB) Shuttle Mission Simulator (SMS). It is projected inside the FB-SMS crew compartment during mission simulation training. The FB-SMS is located in the Mission Simulation and Training Facility Bldg 5.

US Army Qualification of Alternative Fuels Specified in MIL-DTL-83133H for Ground Systems Use. Final Qualification Report: JP-8 Containing Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosene Manufactured Via Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis or Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-01

environmental standards, and the Department of Energy (DOE) launched several initiatives to develop a new generation of ‘ultra-clean’ transportation fuels...Expanded Mobility Tactical Truck) – A4 HETS (Heavy Equipment Transporter System) – M1070A1 PLS (Palletized Load System) – A1 DDC 8V92TA 12.0 L...Modulus of Compressibility of Diesel/ Biodiesel /HVO Blends. Energy Fuels. 2011, 26, 1336-1343. 578789 Fuels. Coordinating Research Council, Inc. 2009

KSC-01pp0811

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-04-19

Happy to be suiting up for launch, STS-100 Mission Specialist Umberto Guidoni gives thumbs up. Guidoni is with the European Space Agency. The 11-day mission to the International Space Station will deliver and integrate the Spacelab Logistics Pallet/Launch Deployment Assembly, which includes the Space Station Remote Manipulator system and the UHF Antenna, and the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Raffaello. The mission includes two planned spacewalks for installation of the SSRMS. The mission is also the inaugural flight of Raffaello, carrying resupply stowage racks and resupply/return stowage platforms. Liftoff on mission STS-100 is scheduled at 2:41 p.m. EDT April 19

Pegasus air-launched space booster

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lindberg, Robert E.; Mosier, Marty R.

The launching of small satellites with the mother- aircraft-launched Pegasus booster yields substantial cost improvements over ground launching and enhances operational flexibility, since it allows launches to be conducted into any orbital inclination. The Pegasus launch vehicle is a three-stage solid-rocket-propelled system with delta-winged first stage. The major components of airborne support equipment, located on the mother aircraft, encompass a launch panel operator console, an electronic pallet, and a pylon adapter. Alternatives to the currently employed B-52 launch platform aircraft have been identified for future use. Attention is given to the dynamic, thermal, and acoustic environments experienced by the payload.

DSCOVR Spacecraft Arrival, Offload, & Unpacking

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-11-20

Preparations are underway to lift NOAA’s Deep Space Climate Observatory spacecraft, or DSCOVR, wrapped in plastic, from its transportation pallet at the Astrotech payload processing facility in Titusville, Florida, near Kennedy Space Center. DSCOVR is a partnership between NOAA, NASA and the U.S. Air Force. DSCOVR will maintain the nation's real-time solar wind monitoring capabilities which are critical to the accuracy and lead time of NOAA's space weather alerts and forecasts. Launch is currently scheduled for January 2015 aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 v 1.1 launch vehicle from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida.

DSCOVR Spacecraft Arrival, Offload, & Unpacking

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-11-20

A lifting device is attached to NOAA’s Deep Space Climate Observatory spacecraft, or DSCOVR, wrapped in plastic, to remove it from its transportation pallet at the Astrotech payload processing facility in Titusville, Florida, near Kennedy Space Center. DSCOVR is a partnership between NOAA, NASA and the U.S. Air Force. DSCOVR will maintain the nation's real-time solar wind monitoring capabilities which are critical to the accuracy and lead time of NOAA's space weather alerts and forecasts. Launch is currently scheduled for January 2015 aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 v 1.1 launch vehicle from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida.

Compilation of Safety Separation Data on Bulk Explosives and Munitions

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-05-01

Feet p M374 HE Single round 0.61 2.0 projectile, 81 mm Single round with shieldŕ 0.22** 0.73** 72 per pallet 9.14 30.0, XM78) HEDP 2 each PBXN -5...of TNT 14 Boxes of TNT 15 TNT in Tote Bins 16 Munitions 17 8-inch M 106 HE Projectile 17 8-Inch M509 HE Projectile 18 155 mm M 107 HE Projectile 19...maintained. MUNITIONS 8-Inch M106 HE Projectile (ref 14) Objective The objective was to determine the safe separation distance betwen single 8-inch M 106 HE

STS-39 SPAS-II/IBSS spacecraft is released by RMS above the Earth's surface

NASA Image and Video Library

1991-05-06

STS039-17-017 (3 May 1990) --- This STS-39 35mm scene shows the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization (SDIO) Shuttle Pallet Satellite (SPAS-II) as it approaches the remote manipulator system (RMS) end effector following a period of free-flight and data collection. During the eight-day flight, SPAS collected data in both a free-flying mode and while attached to the RMS. A huge blanket of white clouds obscures identifiable points on Earth, nearly 300 statute miles away. The target grappling apparatus on SPAS is clearly seen near bottom center of frame.

KSC01padig203

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-04-19

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Spring leaves frame the launch of Space Shuttle Endeavour, trailing flames and billows of smoke and steam, as it roars into the blue sky. Liftoff of the ninth flight to the International Space Station occurred at 2:40:42 p.m. EDT. The 11-day mission will deliver and integrate the Spacelab Logistics Pallet/Launch Deployment Assembly, which includes the Space Station Remote Manipulator System and the UHF Antenna. The mission includes two planned spacewalks for installation of the SSRMS on the Station. Also onboard is the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Raffaello, carrying resupply stowage racks and resupply/return stowage platforms

Palapa-B communications satellite launched from the Shuttle Challenger

NASA Image and Video Library

1983-06-24

S83-35764 (19 June 1983) --- The Indonesian Palapa B communications satellite is just about to clear the vertical stabilizer of the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Challenger to begin its way toward its Earth-orbital destination. Also visible in this 70mm exposure, photographed through the flight deck?s aft windows, are the Shuttle pallet satellite, the experiment package for NASA?s office of space and terrestrial applications (OSTA-2), the now vacated protective cradles for Palapa and Telesat Canada?s Anik C2 satellites, some getaway special (GAS) canisters and the Canadian-built remote manipulator system (RMS) arm.

KSC-97PC1028

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-07-08

The complete remote sensing pallet is lowered by technicians from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) of the California Institute of Technology and mated at the interface with the Cassini spacecraft in the Payload Hazardous Servicing Facility at KSC in July. A four-year, close-up study of the Saturnian system, the Cassini mission is scheduled for launch from Cape Canaveral Air Station in October 1997. It will take seven years for the spacecraft to reach Saturn. Scientific instruments carried aboard the spacecraft will study Saturn’s atmosphere, magnetic field, rings, and several moons. JPL is managing the Cassini project for NASA

[STS-7 Launch and Land

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1983-01-01

The prelaunch, launch, and landing activities of the STS-7 Space Shuttle mission are highlighted in this video, with brief footage of the deployment of the Shuttle Pallet Satellite (SPAS). The flight crew consisted of: Cmdr. Bob Crippen, Pilot Rich Hauck, and Mission Specialists John Fabian, Dr. Sally Ride, and Norm Thaggart. With this mission, Cmdr. Crippen became the first astronaut to fly twice in a Space Shuttle Mission and Dr. Sally Ride was the first American woman to fly in space. There is a large amount of footage of the Space Shuttle by the aircraft that accompanies the Shuttle launchings and landings.

DSCOVR Spacecraft Arrival, Offload, & Unpacking

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-11-20

NOAA’s Deep Space Climate Observatory spacecraft, or DSCOVR, wrapped in plastic, is transferred from its transportation pallet to a portable work stand at the Astrotech payload processing facility in Titusville, Florida, near Kennedy Space Center. DSCOVR is a partnership between NOAA, NASA and the U.S. Air Force. DSCOVR will maintain the nation's real-time solar wind monitoring capabilities which are critical to the accuracy and lead time of NOAA's space weather alerts and forecasts. Launch is currently scheduled for January 2015 aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 v 1.1 launch vehicle from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida.

Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS) EVA Fitchecks

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-09-28

In the high bay of Kennedy Space Center's Space Station Processing Facility, Chris Hardcastle of Stinger-Ghaffarian Technologies performs spacewalk tool fit-checks of the integrated Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance Sensor-1 (TSIS-1) payload and the EXPRESS Pallet Adapter. TSIS-1 is designed to measure the Sun's energy input into Earth by seeing how it is distributed across different wavelengths of light. These measurements help scientists establish Earth's total energy and how our planet's atmosphere responds to changes in the Sun's energy output. TSIS-1 will launch on SpaceX's 13th commercial resupply mission to the International Space Station.

Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS) EVA Fitchecks

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-09-28

In the high bay of Kennedy Space Center's Space Station Processing Facility, Chris Hardcastle of Stinger-Ghaffarian Technologies performs a sharp edge inspection of the integrated Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance Sensor-1 (TSIS-1) payload and the EXPRESS Pallet Adapter. TSIS-1 is designed to measure the Sun's energy input into Earth by seeing how it is distributed across different wavelengths of light. These measurements help scientists establish Earth's total energy and how our planet's atmosphere responds to changes in the Sun's energy output. TSIS-1 will launch on SpaceX's 13th commercial resupply mission to the International Space Station.

Production patterns of packaging waste categories generated at typical Mediterranean residential building worksites

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

González Pericot, N., E-mail: natalia.gpericot@upm.es; Villoria Sáez, P., E-mail: paola.villoria@upm.es; Del Río Merino, M., E-mail: mercedes.delrio@upm.es

2014-11-15

Highlights: • On-site segregation level: 1.80%; training and motivation strategies were not effective. • 70% Cardboard waste: from switches and sockets during the building services stage. • 40% Plastic waste: generated during structures and partition works due to palletizing. • >50% Wood packaging waste, basically pallets, generated during the envelope works. - Abstract: The construction sector is responsible for around 28% of the total waste volume generated in Europe, which exceeds the amount of household waste. This has led to an increase of different research studies focusing on construction waste quantification. However, within the research studies made, packaging waste hasmore » been analyzed to a limited extent. This article focuses on the packaging waste stream generated in the construction sector. To this purpose current on-site waste packaging management has been assessed by monitoring ten Mediterranean residential building works. The findings of the experimental data collection revealed that the incentive measures implemented by the construction company to improve on-site waste sorting failed to achieve the intended purpose, showing low segregation ratios. Subsequently, through an analytical study the generation patterns for packaging waste are established, leading to the identification of the prevailing kinds of packaging and the products responsible for their generation. Results indicate that plastic waste generation maintains a constant trend throughout the whole construction process, while cardboard becomes predominant towards the end of the construction works with switches and sockets from the electricity stage. Understanding the production patterns of packaging waste will be beneficial for adapting waste management strategies to the identified patterns for the specific nature of packaging waste within the context of construction worksites.« less

The Presence of Flour Affects the Efficacy of Aerosolized Insecticides used to Treat the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum

PubMed Central

Toews, Michael D.; Campbell, James F.; Arthur, Franklin H.

2010-01-01

Experiments were conducted in tightly sealed pilot scale warehouses to assess the efficacy of common aerosolized insecticides on all life stages of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) when exposed in dishes containing 0 to 2 g of wheat flour either under pallets or out in the open. Petri dishes containing 0, 0.1, 1, or 2 g of flour were prepared with 25 eggs, 3rd instars, pupae, or adults and then immediately treated with aerosolized solvent, Pyrethrins, or esfenvalerate. Twenty-four h after insecticide exposure, the dishes were brought to the laboratory and placed in a growth chamber and held for a 3 day moribund (knockdown) assessment and a 21 day mortality assessment. Mortality in untreated controls was generally less than 10%, with the exception of the 21 day counts of adults and eggs. Solvent-treated replications followed similar trends, except that additional mortality was observed in exposed larvae and pupae. In the insecticide-treated dishes, mortality of T. castaneum provisioned with flour generally showed a linear decrease with increasing flour deposits. Regardless of life stage, mortality did not exceed 60% when individuals were exposed in petri dishes containing 2 g of flour. Exposure location also made a significant difference in observed mortality. While mortality never exceeded 75% in dishes positioned under pallets, there was never less than 80% mortality in dishes exposed in the open. Although there was a perceptible increase in mortality with esfenvalerate compared to Pyrethrins, these differences were considerably less than the variation observed among flour deposits. The study suggests that sanitation and preparation prior to aerosol insecticide treatments were more important than choice of a particular insecticide. PMID:21268701

KSC01padig214

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-04-19

KENNEDY SPACE STATION, FLA. -- Space Shuttle Endeavour hurtles into a clear blue sky from Launch Pad 39A on mission STS-100. On the horizon is the Atlantic Ocean. Liftoff of the ninth flight to the International Space Station occurred at 2:40:42 p.m. EDT. The 11-day mission will deliver and integrate the Spacelab Logistics Pallet/Launch Deployment Assembly, which includes the Space Station Remote Manipulator System and the UHF Antenna. The mission includes two planned spacewalks for installation of the SSRMS on the Station. Also onboard is the Multi-Purpose Logistics Module Raffaello, carrying resupply stowage racks and resupply/return stowage platforms. (Photo by Red Huber, Orlando Sentinel)

The first Spacelab payload - A joint NASA/ESA venture

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kennedy, R.; Pace, R.; Collet, J.; Sanfourche, J. P.

1977-01-01

Planning for the 1980 qualification flight of Spacelab, which will involve a long module and one pallet, is discussed. The mission will employ two payload specialists, one sponsored by NASA and the other by ESA. Management of the Spacelab mission functions, including definition and execution of the on-board experiments, development of the experimental hardware and training of the payload specialists, is considered; studies proposed in the areas of atmospheric physics, space plasma physics, solar physics, earth observations, astronomy, astrophysics, life sciences and material sciences are reviewed. Analyses of the Spacelab environment and the Spacelab-to-orbiter and Spacelab-to-experiment interactions are also planned.

STS-80 Flight Day 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1996-01-01

On this second day of the STS-80 mission, the flight crew, Cmdr. Kenneth D. Cockrell, Pilot Kent V. Rominger, Mission Specialists, Tamara E. Jernigan, Thomas D. Jones, and F. Story Musgrave, complete the first major objective of the mission with the deployment of the Orbiting Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer (ORFEUS) on the reusable Shuttle Pallet Satellite. Release of ORFEUS from Columbia's robot arm came at 8 hours 15 minutes mission elapsed time. Three hours after the release, ground controllers inform the crew that the instrument package appears to be working properly. This begins two weeks of gathering data on the origin and makeup of stars.

STS-35 Astronomy Laboratory 1 (ASTRO-1) in OV-102's payload bay at KSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1990-05-07

S90-36708 (7 May 1990) --- STS-35 Astronomy Laboratory 1 (ASTRO-1) view shows its telescopes, instrument pointing system (IPS), and support equipment installed in Columbia's, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102's, payload bay (PLB) at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) Orbiter Processing Facility (OPF). In the foreground is the Spacelab Pallet System (SPS) igloo. The stowed IPS with its three ultraviolet telescopes appears in the center of the picture. In the background, the Broad Band X Ray Telescope (BBXRT) two axis pointing system (TAPS) is barely visible. View provided by KSC with alternate number KSC-90PC-423.

Graphic representation of STS-99 orbiter during mission

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-02-04

JSC2000E01551 (January 2000) --- An "exploded" drawing depicts the Space Shuttle Endeavour and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) mast, along with the pallet for SRTM and supportive antennae. The mast will be deployed and retracted by a motor-driven nut within the mast canister. This nut will pull the mast from its stowed configuration and allow it to unfold like an accordion. A crew member inside the shuttle will initiate the mast deployment, a chore which will take about 20 minutes. The mast also can be deployed manually during a contingency extravehicular activity (EVA) using a hand-held motor. The mast is 200 feet (60 meters) long.

Data requirements for verification of ram glow chemistry

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Swenson, G. R.; Mende, S. B.

1985-01-01

A set of questions is posed regarding the surface chemistry producing the ram glow on the space shuttle. The questions surround verification of the chemical cycle involved in the physical processes leading to the glow. The questions, and a matrix of measurements required for most answers, are presented. The measurements include knowledge of the flux composition to and from a ram surface as well as spectroscopic signatures from the U to visible to IR. A pallet set of experiments proposed to accomplish the measurements is discussed. An interim experiment involving an available infrared instrument to be operated from the shuttle Orbiter cabin is also be discussed.

Passive Thrust Oscillation Mitigation for the CEV Crew Pallet System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sammons, Matthew; Powell, Cory; Pellicciotti, Joseph; Buehrle, Ralph; Johnson, Keith

2012-01-01

The Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) was intended to be the next-generation human spacecraft for the Constellation Program. The CEV Isolator Strut mechanism was designed to mitigate loads imparted to the CEV crew caused by the Thrust Oscillation (TO) phenomenon of the proposed Ares I Launch Vehicle (LV). The Isolator Strut was also designed to be compatible with Launch Abort (LA) contingencies and landing scenarios. Prototype struts were designed, built, and tested in component, sub-system, and system-level testing. The design of the strut, the results of the tests, and the conclusions and lessons learned from the program will be explored in this paper.

VIEW OF INTERIOR OF SOUTHERN DUCTILE CASTING COMPANY, CENTERVILLE FOUNDRY ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

VIEW OF INTERIOR OF SOUTHERN DUCTILE CASTING COMPANY, CENTERVILLE FOUNDRY SHOWING MOLD MAKING WITH PNEWMATIC JOLT SQUEEZE COPE AND DRAG MOLDING MACHINES THAT INDIVIDUALLY MADE EITHER A COPE OR DRAG AND A SMALL WHEELED MATCHPLATE JOLT-SQUEEZE MACHINE THAT COMPRESSED AN ENTIRE MOLD AT A SINGLE TIME USING A DOUBLE-SIDED PATTERN (MATCHPLATE). ALSO SHOWN ARE RAILED PALLET CAR CONVEYORS THAT CARRIED COMPLETED MOLDS FROM MOLDING MACHINES TO POURING AREAS WHERE WORKERS USED SMALL OVERHEAD CRANE TO LIFT JACKETS AND WEIGHTS ONTO THE MOLDS TO HOLD THEM TOGETHER WHILE POURING. - Southern Ductile Casting Company, Centerville Foundry, 101 Airport Road, Centreville, Bibb County, AL

Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS) EVA Fitchecks

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-09-28

In the high bay of Kennedy Space Center's Space Station Processing Facility, Chris Hardcastle, left, of Stinger-Ghaffarian Technologies, and other payload team members performs spacewalk tool fit-checks of the integrated Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance Sensor-1 (TSIS-1) payload and the EXPRESS Pallet Adapter. TSIS-1 is designed to measure the Sun's energy input into Earth by seeing how it is distributed across different wavelengths of light. These measurements help scientists establish Earth's total energy and how our planet's atmosphere responds to changes in the Sun's energy output. TSIS-1 will launch on SpaceX's 13th commercial resupply mission to the International Space Station.

Total & Spectral Solar Irradiance Sensor (TSIS) EVA Tool Fitchecks

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-09-28

In the high bay of Kennedy Space Center's Space Station Processing Facility, Chris Hardcastle of Stinger-Ghaffarian Technologies, and other payload team members performs spacewalk tool fit-checks of the integrated Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance Sensor-1 (TSIS-1) payload and the EXPRESS Pallet Adapter. TSIS-1 is designed to measure the Sun's energy input into Earth by seeing how it is distributed across different wavelengths of light. These measurements help scientists establish Earth's total energy and how our planet's atmosphere responds to changes in the Sun's energy output. TSIS-1 will launch on SpaceX's 13th commercial resupply mission to the International Space Station.

Robotics EP Payloads

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-09-24

ISS020-E-041981 (24 Sept. 2009) --- The exterior of the Japanese Kibo complex of the International Space Station and the station's Canadarm2 (bottom) are featured in this image photographed by an Expedition 20 crew member on the station. European Space Agency astronaut Frank De Winne and NASA astronaut Nicole Stott, both Expedition 20 flight engineers, used the controls of the Japanese Experiment Module Robotic Manipulator System (JEM-RMS) in Kibo to grapple and transfer two Japanese payloads from the Exposed Pallet to their Exposed Facility locations -- first HICO/Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean & RAIDS/Remote Atmospheric and Ionospheric Detection System (HREP), then Superconducting Submillimeter-wave Limb-emission Sounder (SMILES).

Neutron-based nonintrusive inspection techniques

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gozani, Tsahi

1997-02-01

Non-intrusive inspection of large objects such as trucks, sea-going shipping containers, air cargo containers and pallets is gaining attention as a vital tool in combating terrorism, drug smuggling and other violation of international and national transportation and Customs laws. Neutrons are the preferred probing radiation when material specificity is required, which is most often the case. Great strides have been made in neutron based inspection techniques. Fast and thermal neutrons, whether in steady state or in microsecond, or even nanosecond pulses are being employed to interrogate, at high speeds, for explosives, drugs, chemical agents, and nuclear and many other smuggled materials. Existing neutron techniques will be compared and their current status reported.

The Canadian SSRMS is moved to test stand in the SSPF

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

Workers in the Space Station Processing Facility help guide the Canadian Space Agency's Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS) suspended from an overhead crane. The SSRMS is being moved to a test stand where it will be mated to its payload carrier. This pallet will later be installed into the payload bay of Space Shuttle Endeavour for launch to the International Space Station on STS-100 in April 2001. The 56-foot-long arm will be the primary means of transferring payloads between the orbiter payload bay and the Station. Its three segments comprise seven joints for highly flexible land precise movement, making it capable of moving around the Station's exterior like an inchworm.

Canadian robotic arm is moved to the payload canister for STS-100

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. - Centered over the payload canister in the Space Station Processing Facility, the overhead crane begins lowering the Canadian robotic arm, SSRMS, on its pallet inside. The arm is 57.7 feet (17.6 meters) long when fully extended and has seven motorized joints. It is capable of handling large payloads and assisting with docking the Space Shuttle. The SSRMS is self-relocatable with a Latching End Effector, so it can be attached to complementary ports spread throughout the Station'''s exterior surfaces. The SSRMS is part of the payload on mission STS-100, scheduled to launch April 19 at 2:41 p.m. EDT from Launch Pad 39A, KSC.

Canadian robotic arm is moved to the payload canister for STS-100

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. - An overhead crane moves along the top of the Space Station Processing Facility, carrying the Canadian robotic arm, SSRMS, on its pallet to the payload canister. The arm is 57.7 feet (17.6 meters) long when fully extended and has seven motorized joints. It is capable of handling large payloads and assisting with docking the Space Shuttle. The SSRMS is self-relocatable with a Latching End Effector, so it can be attached to complementary ports spread throughout the Station'''s exterior surfaces. The SSRMS is part of the payload on mission STS-100, scheduled to launch April 19 at 2:41 p.m. EDT from Launch Pad 39A, KSC.

Canadian robotic arm is moved to the payload canister for STS-100

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. - In the Space Station Processing Facility, an overhead crane lifts the pallet holding the Canadian robotic arm, SSRMS, to move it to the payload canister. The arm is 57.7 feet (17.6 meters) long when fully extended and has seven motorized joints. It is capable of handling large payloads and assisting with docking the Space Shuttle. The SSRMS is self- relocatable with a Latching End Effector, so it can be attached to complementary ports spread throughout the Station'''s exterior surfaces. The SSRMS is part of the payload on mission STS-100, scheduled to launch April 19 at 2:41 p.m. EDT from Launch Pad 39A, KSC.

KSC-2014-4547

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-11-20

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – A lifting device is attached to NOAA’s Deep Space Climate Observatory spacecraft, or DSCOVR, wrapped in plastic, to remove it from its transportation pallet at the Astrotech payload processing facility in Titusville, Florida, near Kennedy Space Center. DSCOVR is a partnership between NOAA, NASA and the U.S. Air Force. DSCOVR will maintain the nation's real-time solar wind monitoring capabilities which are critical to the accuracy and lead time of NOAA's space weather alerts and forecasts. Launch is currently scheduled for January 2015 aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 v 1.1 launch vehicle from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida. To learn more about DSCOVR, visit http://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/DSCOVR. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Vehicle/Atmosphere Interaction Glows: Far Ultraviolet, Visible, and Infrared

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Swenson, G.

1999-01-01

Spacecraft glow information has been gathered from a number of spacecraft including Atmospheric and Dynamic satellites, and Space Shuttles (numerous flights) with dedicated pallet flow observations on STS-39 (DOD) and STS-62 (NASA). In addition, a larger number of laboratory experiments with low energy oxygen beam studies have made important contributions to glow understanding. The following report provides information on three engineering models developed for spacecraft glow including the far ultraviolet to ultraviolet (1400-4000 A), and infrared (0.9-40 microns) spectral regions. The models include effects resulting from atmospheric density/altitude, spacecraft temperature, spacecraft material, and ram angle. Glow brightness would be predicted as a function of distance from surfaces for all wavelengths.

STS-35 Astronomy Laboratory 1 (ASTRO-1) in OV-102's payload bay at KSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1990-03-20

STS-35 Astronomy Laboratory 1 (ASTRO-1) is installed in Columbia's, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102's, payload bay (PLB) at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) Orbiter Processing Facility (OPF). On the left, in the aft PLB is the Broad Band X Ray Telescope (BBXRT) mounted on the two axis pointing system (TAPS). In the center, the three ultraviolet telescopes - Wisconsin Ultraviolet Photo-Polarimeter Experiment (WUPPE), the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT), and the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UIT) - are mounted on the instrument pointing system (IPS) and are in stowed position. At the far right is the Spacelab Pallet System (SPS) igloo. View provided by KSC with alternate number KSSC-90PC-421.

Engineering study for pallet adapting the Apollo laser altimeter and photographic camera system for the Lidar Test Experiment on orbital flight tests 2 and 4

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kuebert, E. J.

1977-01-01

A Laser Altimeter and Mapping Camera System was included in the Apollo Lunar Orbital Experiment Missions. The backup system, never used in the Apollo Program, is available for use in the Lidar Test Experiments on the STS Orbital Flight Tests 2 and 4. Studies were performed to assess the problem associated with installation and operation of the Mapping Camera System in the STS. They were conducted on the photographic capabilities of the Mapping Camera System, its mechanical and electrical interface with the STS, documentation, operation and survivability in the expected environments, ground support equipment, test and field support.

KSC-04PD-0427

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2004-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. At the Astrotech Space Operations processing facilities near KSC, workers check the moveable pallet holding NASAs MESSENGER spacecraft. MESSENGER short for MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry and Ranging will be taken into a high bay clean room and employees of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, builders of the spacecraft, will perform an initial state-of-health check. Then processing for launch can begin, including checkout of the power systems, communications systems and control systems. The thermal blankets will also be attached for flight. MESSENGER will be launched May 11 on a six-year mission aboard a Boeing Delta II rocket. Liftoff is targeted for 2:26 a.m. EDT on Tuesday, May 11.

Investigations in cosmic and gamma ray astronomy and nuclear instruments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gregory, J. C.

1982-01-01

The Nuclear Radiation Monitor (NRM) is flying on the Spacelab 2 vehicle as part of a set of instrumentation designed to measure the ambient physical environment on Spacelab in orbit. The NRM measures the natural and induced gamma ray activity. The instrument is constituted of a 25 sq in (NaI (T1)) crystal viewed with a single phototube and surrounded by a plastic anticoincidence shield. It is mounted on a pedestal and placed, with its electronics, on the Spacelab pallet. The detector head was designed and a development model fabricated and tested. Extensive software studies for on board and GSE microprocessors for use with the NRM were also made.

Shuttle considerations for the design of large space structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roebuck, J. A., Jr.

1980-01-01

Shuttle related considerations (constraints and guidelines) are compiled for use by designers of a potential class of large space structures which are transported to orbit and, deployed, fabricated or assembled in space using the Space Shuttle Orbiter. Considerations of all phases of shuttle operations from launch to ground turnaround operations are presented. Design of large space structures includes design of special construction fixtures and support equipment, special stowage cradles or pallets, special checkout maintenance, and monitoring equipment, and planning for packaging into the orbiter of all additional provisions and supplies chargeable to payload. Checklists of design issues, Shuttle capabilities constraints and guidelines, as well as general explanatory material and references to source documents are included.

STS-51 Discovery launch

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-09-12

STS051-S-108 (12 Sept. 1993) --- The Space Shuttle Discovery soars toward a nine-day stay in Earth-orbit to support the mission. Launch occurred at 7:45 a.m. (EDT) September 12, 1993. Note the diamond shock effect coming from the thrust of the three main engines. Onboard the shuttle were astronauts Frank L. Culbertson, Jr., William F. Readdy, Daniel W. Bursch, James H. Newman and Carl E. Walz, along with a number of payloads. The payloads included the Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS) with its Transfer Orbit Stage (TOS), the Orbiting Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer (ORFEUS) and its Shuttle Pallet Satellite (SPAS) carrier. This photograph was taken with a 35mm camera.

KSC-2011-1835

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-02-26

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- The left spent booster nose cap from space shuttle Discovery's final launch is secured to a pallet on Freedom Star, one of NASA's solid rocket booster retrieval ships and will be returned to Port Canaveral in Florida. The shuttle’s two solid rocket booster casings and associated flight hardware are recovered in the Atlantic Ocean after every launch by Liberty Star and Freedom Star. The boosters impact the Atlantic about seven minutes after liftoff and the retrieval ships are stationed about 10 miles from the impact area at the time of splashdown. After the spent segments are processed, they will be transported to Utah, where they will be refurbished and stored, if needed. Photo credit: NASA/Ben Smegelsky

Efficiency of a General Pin Pallet Runaway Escapement

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-06-01

wheel angle corresponding to entrance and exit motion are obtained from 2 2 2 2 t- - L + M -t (5 =2 tan [ N-M where L = 2a (g sina - rcosa) (6) max M = 2a...1 and 2, the maximum values of the escape wheel angle corresponding to entrance and exit motion are given by 2 + 2 2 N -N 0 0 where L - -2ra cosa (12...cos(* - a)( l + plo) + pl(I-sOsin() a) (29 FI -P 3 + (28) 2 I+ l -siy + s+picosy’) + r (s sincos( - ( ) A 2 - p p p cp c c 30 2 ++ i~~ ~ ~ ~~i( - a)R(coy

KSC-2014-4548

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-11-20

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – NOAA’s Deep Space Climate Observatory spacecraft, or DSCOVR, wrapped in plastic, is transferred from its transportation pallet to a portable work stand at the Astrotech payload processing facility in Titusville, Florida, near Kennedy Space Center. DSCOVR is a partnership between NOAA, NASA and the U.S. Air Force. DSCOVR will maintain the nation's real-time solar wind monitoring capabilities which are critical to the accuracy and lead time of NOAA's space weather alerts and forecasts. Launch is currently scheduled for January 2015 aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 v 1.1 launch vehicle from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Florida. To learn more about DSCOVR, visit http://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/DSCOVR. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Test for contamination of MgF2 - coated mirrors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bunner, A. N.; Bartoe, J. D.; Triolo, J.

1983-01-01

Graphs show preflight and postflight reflectivities in percent for exposed and covered mirrors carried on the OSS-1 payload pallet during STS-3. No changes greater than 1.8 sigma were observed except for a fingerprint. Weak evidence for degradation at 1216 A and 1600 A was found in several samples. There was no difference between flight mirrors and control mirrors. Covered samples suffered more than samples exposed to the Sun, but the differences are barely significant. The exposed side of the flight mirrors were somewhat dusty. No evidence was found for permanent solar-induced or shuttle-induced deterioration. There also was no evidence on oil-pumped vacuum versus oil-free vacuum during coating.

STS-80 Columbia, OV 102, liftoff from KSC Launch Pad 39B

NASA Image and Video Library

1996-11-19

STS080-S-007 (19 Nov. 1996) --- One of the nearest remote camera stations to Launch Pad B captured this profile image of space shuttle Columbia's liftoff from the Kennedy Space Center's (KSC) Launch Complex 39 at 2:55:47 p.m. (EST), November 19, 1996. Onboard are astronauts Kenneth D. Cockrell, mission commander; Kent V. Rominger, pilot; along with Story Musgrave, Tamara E. Jernigan and Thomas D. Jones, all mission specialists. The two primary payloads for STS-80 stowed in Columbia?s cargo bay for later deployment and testing are the Wake Shield Facility (WSF-3) and the Orbiting and Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer (ORFEUS) with its associated Shuttle Pallet Satellite (SPAS).

Launch Deployment Assembly Extravehicular Activity Neutral Buoyancy Development Test Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Loughead, T.

1996-01-01

This test evaluated the Launch Deployment Assembly (LDA) design for Extravehicular Activity (EVA) work sites (setup, igress, egress), reach and visual access, and translation required for cargo item removal. As part of the LDA design, this document describes the method and results of the LDA EVA Neutral Buoyancy Development Test to ensure that the LDA hardware support the deployment of the cargo items from the pallet. This document includes the test objectives, flight and mockup hardware description, descriptions of procedures and data collection used in the testing, and the results of the development test at the National Aeronautics and Space Administrations (NASA) Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Neutral Buoyancy Simulator (NBS).

10 Gbps Shuttle-to-Ground Adjunct Communication Link Capability Experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ceniceros, J. M.; Sandusky, J. V.; Hemmati, H.

1999-01-01

A 1.2 Gbps space-to-ground laser communication experiment being developed for use on an EXpedite the PRocessing of Experiments to the Space Station (EXPRESS) Pallet Adapter can be adapted to fit the Hitchhiker cross-bay-carrier pallet and upgraded to data rates exceeding 1O Gbps. So modified, this instrument would enable both real-time data delivery and increased data volume for payloads using the Space Shuttle. Applications such as synthetic aperture radar and multispectral imaging collect large data volumes at a high rate and would benefit from the capability for real-time data delivery and from increased data downlink volume. Current shuttle downlink capability is limited to 50 Mbps, forcing such instruments to store large amounts of data for later analysis. While the technology is not yet sufficiently proven to be relied on as the primary communication link, when in view of the ground station it would increase the shuttle downlink rate capability 200 times, with typical total daily downlinks of 200 GB - as much data as the shuttle could downlink if it were able to maintain its maximum data rate continuously for one day. The lasercomm experiment, the Optical Communication Demonstration and High-Rate Link Facility (OCDHRLF), is being developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's (JPL) Optical Communication Group through support from the International Space Station Engineering Research and Technology Development program. It is designed to work in conjunction with the Optical Communication Telescope Laboratory (OCTL) NASA's first optical communication ground station, which is under construction at JPL's Table Mountain Facility near Wrightwood, California. This paper discusses the modifications to the preliminary design of the flight system that would be necessary to adapt it to fit the Hitchhiker Cross-Bay Carrier. It also discusses orbit geometries which are favorable to the OCTL and potential non-NASA ground stations, anticipated burst-error-rates and bit-error-rates, and requirements for data collection on the ground.

Non-destructive automated sampling of mycotoxins in bulk food and feed - A new tool for required harmonization.

PubMed

Spanjer, M; Stroka, J; Patel, S; Buechler, S; Pittet, A; Barel, S

2001-06-01

Mycotoxins contamination is highly non-uniformly distributed as is well recog-nized by the EC, by not only setting legal limits in a series of commodities, but also schedule a sampling plan that takes this heterogeneity into account. In practice however, it turns out that it is very difficult to carry out this sampling plan in a harmonised way. Applying the sampling plan to a container filled with pallets of bags (i.e. with nuts or coffee beans) varies from very laborious to almost impossible. The presented non-destructive automated method to sample bulk food could help to overcome these practical problems and to enforcing of EC directives. It is derived from a tested and approved technology for detection of illicit substances in security applications. It has capability to collect and iden-tify ultra trace contaminants, i.e. from a fingerprint of chemical substance in a bulk of goods, a cargo pallet load (~ 1000 kg) with boxes and commodities.The technology, patented for explosives detection, uses physical and chemistry processes for excitation and remote rapid enhanced release of contaminant residues, vapours and particulate, of the inner/outer surfaces of inspected bulk and collect them on selective probes. The process is automated, takes only 10 minutes, is non-destructive and the bulk itself remains unharmed. The system design is based on applicable international regulations for shipped cargo hand-ling and transportation by road, sea and air. After this process the pallet can be loaded on a truck, ship or plane. Analysis can be carried out before the cargo leaves the place of shipping. The potent application of this technology for myco-toxins detection, has been demonstrated by preliminary feasibility experiments. Aflatoxins were detected in pistachios and ochratoxin A in green coffee beans bulk. Both commodities were naturally contaminated, priory found and confirm-ed by common methods as used at routine inspections. Once the contaminants are extracted from a bulk shipment, an appropriate existing analytical method, i.e. a CEN method, can be used to measure the mycotoxins.The system, routinely in use for explosives detection, was able to screen bulk food and feed for mycotoxins, through non-destructive automated sampling of a whole batch/lot/sublot of commodities. The opportunity to sample a whole bulk would provide more effective tools for inspection at seaports, production facili-ties and distri-bution points. It will advance the current process of myco-toxins check because: (i) Checks will be automated and harmonized, (ii) Checks will be non-destructive, (iii) Checks will be faster and allow a greater amount of bulk commodities to be inspected and (iv) The ability to check, with automated equipment, larger portions of lots of a shipment will increase the probability to detect the heterogeneous mycotoxins contamination in bulk foods. The poster provides some results of feasibility experiments indicating the capability of this technology for inspection of commodities bulks for the detection of mycotoxins, at legal limits, in naturally contaminated food.

Canadian robotic arm is moved to the payload canister for STS-100

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. - Workers on the floor of the Space Station Processing Facility follow along as the overhead crane carries the Canadian robotic arm, SSRMS, on its pallet to the payload canister. The arm is 57.7 feet (17.6 meters) long when fully extended and has seven motorized joints. It is capable of handling large payloads and assisting with docking the Space Shuttle. The SSRMS is self-relocatable with a Latching End Effector, so it can be attached to complementary ports spread throughout the Station'''s exterior surfaces. The SSRMS is part of the payload on mission STS-100, scheduled to launch April 19 at 2:41 p.m. EDT from Launch Pad 39A, KSC.

Canadian robotic arm is moved to the payload canister for STS-100

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. - In the Space Station Processing Facility, the overhead crane rolls along the ceiling with the pallet and Canadian robotic arm, SSRMS, toward the payload canister, at right. The arm is 57.7 feet (17.6 meters) long when fully extended and has seven motorized joints. It is capable of handling large payloads and assisting with docking the Space Shuttle. The SSRMS is self-relocatable with a Latching End Effector, so it can be attached to complementary ports spread throughout the Station'''s exterior surfaces. The SSRMS is part of the payload on mission STS-100, scheduled to launch April 19 at 2:41 p.m. EDT from Launch Pad 39A, KSC.

Canadian robotic arm is moved to the payload canister for STS-100

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. - In the Space Station Processing Facility, the overhead crane carrying the pallet and Canadian robotic arm, SSRMS, nears the payload canister at right where the equipment will be placed. The arm is 57.7 feet (17.6 meters) long when fully extended and has seven motorized joints. It is capable of handling large payloads and assisting with docking the Space Shuttle. The SSRMS is self-relocatable with a Latching End Effector, so it can be attached to complementary ports spread throughout the Station'''s exterior surfaces. The SSRMS is part of the payload on mission STS-100, scheduled to launch April 19 at 2:41 p.m. EDT from Launch Pad 39A, KSC.

KSC-2013-3031

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-07-11

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- The Optical Payload for Lasercomm Science, or OPALS, an optical technology demonstration experiment, sits on a pallet near the Space Station Processing Facility at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. OPALS arrived from the agency’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. NASA will use the International Space Station to test OPALS’ communications technology that could dramatically improve spacecraft communications, enhance commercial missions and strengthen transmission of scientific data. The experiment is slated to fly later this year aboard a SpaceX Dragon commercial resupply mission to the space station. The mission is expected to run 90 days after installation on the outside of the station. For more information about OPALS, visit: http://go.nasa.gov/10MMPDO. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

KSC-2013-3034

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-07-11

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- The Optical Payload for Lasercomm Science, or OPALS, an optical technology demonstration experiment, sits on a pallet inside the air lock entrance to the Space Station Processing Facility at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. OPALS arrived from the agency’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. NASA will use the International Space Station to test OPALS’ communications technology that could dramatically improve spacecraft communications, enhance commercial missions and strengthen transmission of scientific data. The experiment is slated to fly later this year aboard a SpaceX Dragon commercial resupply mission to the space station. The mission is expected to run 90 days after installation on the outside of the station. For more information about OPALS, visit: http://go.nasa.gov/10MMPDO. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

KSC-03PD-1756

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. Astronaut Soichi Noguchi, with the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA), stands next to the Japanese Experiment Module after its arrival at Port Canaveral, Fla. Built by the Tsukuba Space Center near Tokyo, the pressurized module is the first element of the JEM, Japans primary contribution to the space station, to be delivered to KSC. It will enhance the unique research capabilities of the orbiting complex by providing an additional shirt-sleeve environment for astronauts to conduct science experiments. The JEM also includes two logistics modules, an exposed pallet for space environment experiments and a robotic manipulator system that are still under construction in Japan. The various JEM components will be assembled in space over the course of three space shuttle missions.

View of the "handshake" of the SLP between the SSRMS and RMS during STS-100

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-04-28

S100-E-5898 (28 April 2001) --- A STS-100 crew member with a digital still camera recorded this image of an historical event through an overhead window on the aft flight deck of the Space Shuttle Endeavour. A Canadian “handshake in space” occurred at 4:02 p.m (CDT), April 28, 2001, as the Canadian-built space station robotic arm – operated by Expedition Two flight engineer Susan J. Helms –transferred its launch cradle over to Endeavour’s robotic arm, with Canadian Space Agency astronaut Chris A. Hadfield at the controls. The exchange of the pallet from station arm to shuttle arm marked the first ever robotic-to-robotic transfer in space.

The structural properties of barium cobalt hexaferrite powder prepared by a simple heat treatment method

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chauhan, Chetna, E-mail: chetna.chauhan@nirmauni.ac.in; Jotania, Rajshree, E-mail: rbjotania@gmail.com

2016-05-06

The W-type barium hexaferrite was prepared using a simple heat treatment method. The precursor was calcinated at 650°C for 3 hours and then slowly cooled to room temperature in order to obtain barium cobalt hexaferrite powder. The prepared powder was characterised by different experimental techniques like XRD, FTIR and SEM. The X-ray diffractogram of the sample shows W-and M phases. The particle size calculated by Debye Scherrer formula. The FTIR spectra of the sample was taken at room temperature by using KBr pallet method which confirms the formation of hexaferrite phase. The morphological study on the hexaferrite powder was carriedmore » out by SEM analysis.« less

Economic Analysis of Costs Incurred from Chemical Exposures in the Workplace Resulting in Non-Carcinogenic Responses as Additional Justification for Pollution Prevention Projects

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-08-26

Exposure 1CI RfC / RfD Hazard Pathway Total Chemical Index (mg/kg-d) (a/kg-d) Qotient Hazard Eposure index Hazard Index Exposure Pathway: Inhalation...4229 3.0 71651 16.9 CONTAINER 15808 11.1 273386 17.3 DOOR/WINDOW/GATE/FENCE 1476 1.0 22778 15.4 FORM/FRAME/ MOLD 94 0.1 1555 16.5 RACK/SHELF 1332 0.9...DOOR/WINDOW/GATE/FENCE 0 0.0 0 0.0 FORM/FRAME/ MOLD 0 0.0 0 0.0 RACK/SHELF 0 0.0 0 0.0 SKID/PALLET 0 0.0 0 0.0 MACHINES 1 7.1 3 3.0 CASTING/FORGING

Science on Spacelab. [astronomy, high energy astrophysics, life sciences, and solar, atmospheric and space physics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schmerling, E. R.

1977-01-01

Spacelab was developed by the European Space Agency for the conduction of scientific and technological experiments in space. Spacelab can be taken into earth orbit by the Space Shuttle and returned to earth after a period of 1-3 weeks. The Spacelab modular system of pallets, pressurized modules, and racks can contain large payloads with high power and telemetry requirements. A working group has defined the 'Atmospheres, Magnetospheres, and Plasmas-in-Space' project. The project objectives include the absolute measurement of solar flux in a number of carefully selected bands at the same time at which atmospheric measurements are made. NASA is committed to the concept that the scientist is to play a key role in its scientific programs.

STS-58 Crew Insignia

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

The STS-58 crew insignia depicts the Space Shuttle Columbia with a Spacelab module in its payload bay in orbit around Earth. The Spacelab and the lettering 'Spacelab Life Sciences II' highlight its primary mission. An Extended Duration Orbiter (EDO) support pallet is shown in the aft payload bay, stressing the length of the mission. The hexagonal shape of the patch depicts the carbon ring. Encircling the inner border of the patch is the double helix of DNA. Its yellow background represents the sun. Both medical and veterinary caducei are shown to represent the STS-58 life sciences experiments. The position of the spacecraft in orbit about Earth with the United States in the background symbolizes the ongoing support of the American people for scientific research.

Status of the prototype Pulsed Photonuclear Assessment (PPA) inspection system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jones, James L.; Blackburn, Brandon W.; Norman, Daren R.; Watson, Scott M.; Haskell, Kevin J.; Johnson, James T.; Hunt, Alan W.; Harmon, Frank; Moss, Calvin

2007-08-01

The Idaho National Laboratory, in collaboration with Idaho State University's Idaho Accelerator Center and the Los Alamos National Laboratory, continues to develop the Pulsed Photonuclear Assessment (PPA) technique for shielded nuclear material detection in large volume configurations, such as cargo containers. In recent years, the Department of Homeland Security has supported the development of a prototype PPA cargo inspection system. This PPA system integrates novel neutron and gamma-ray detectors for nuclear material detection along with a complementary and unique gray scale, density mapping component for significant shield material detection. This paper will present the developmental status of the prototype system, its detection performance using several INL Calibration Pallets, and planned enhancements to further increase its nuclear material detection capability.

Detection of shielded nuclear material in a cargo container

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jones, James L.; Norman, Daren R.; Haskell, Kevin J.; Sterbentz, James W.; Yoon, Woo Y.; Watson, Scott M.; Johnson, James T.; Zabriskie, John M.; Bennett, Brion D.; Watson, Richard W.; Moss, Cavin E.; Frank Harmon, J.

2006-06-01

The Idaho National Laboratory, along with Los Alamos National Laboratory and the Idaho State University's Idaho Accelerator Center, are developing electron accelerator-based, photonuclear inspection technologies for the detection of shielded nuclear material within air-, rail-, and especially, maritime-cargo transportation containers. This paper describes a developing prototypical cargo container inspection system utilizing the Pulsed Photonuclear Assessment (PPA) technology, incorporates interchangeable, well-defined, contraband shielding structures (i.e., "calibration" pallets) providing realistic detection data for induced radiation signatures from smuggled nuclear material, and provides various shielded nuclear material detection results. Using a 4.8-kg quantity of depleted uranium, neutron and gamma-ray detection responses are presented for well-defined shielded and unshielded configurations evaluated in a selected cargo container inspection configuration.

KSC-2011-1865

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-02-25

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- Crew members from Liberty Star, one of NASA's solid rocket booster retrieval ships, have recovered and secured the right spent booster nose cap to a pallet on the ship's deck that was recovered from the Atlantic Ocean after Discovery's final launch. The shuttle’s two solid rocket booster casings and associated flight hardware are recovered in the Atlantic Ocean after every launch by Freedom Star and Liberty Star. The boosters impact the Atlantic about seven minutes after liftoff and the retrieval ships are stationed about 10 miles from the impact area at the time of splashdown. After the spent segments are processed, they will be transported to Utah, where they will be refurbished and stored, if needed. Photo credit: NASA/Frank Michaux

Shuttle launched flight tests - Supporting technology for planetary entry missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vetter, H. C.; Mcneilly, W. R.; Siemers, P. M., III; Nachtsheim, P. R.

1975-01-01

The feasibility of conducting Space Shuttle-launched earth entry flight tests to enhance the technology base for second generation planetary entry missions is examined. Outer planet entry environments are reviewed, translated into earth entry requirements and used to establish entry test system design and cost characteristics. Entry speeds up to those needed to simulate radiative heating levels of more than 30 kW/sq cm are shown to be possible. A standardized recoverable test bed concept is described that is capable of accommodating a wide range of entry technology experiments. The economic advantage of shared Shuttle launches are shown to be achievable through a test system configured to the volume constraints of a single Spacelab pallet using existing propulsion components.

Human Factors Operability Timeline Analysis to Improve the Processing Flow of the Orion Spacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stambolian, Damon B.; Schlierf, Roland; Miller, Darcy; Posada, Juan; Haddock, Mike; Haddad, Mike; Tran, Donald; Henderon, Gena; Barth, Tim

2011-01-01

This slide presentation reviews the use of Human factors and timeline analysis to have a more efficient and effective processing flow. The solution involved developing a written timeline of events that included each activity within each functional flow block. Each activity had computer animation videos and pictures of the people involved and the hardware. The Human Factors Engineering Analysis Tool (HFEAT) was improved by modifying it to include the timeline of events. The HFEAT was used to define the human factors requirements and design solutions were developed for these requirements. An example of a functional flow block diagram is shown, and a view from one of the animations (i.e., short stack pallet) is shown and explained.

STS-3/OSS-1 Plasma Diagnostics Package (PDP) measurements of Orbiter transmitter and subsystem electromagnetic interference

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shawhan, S. D.; Murphy, G.

1983-01-01

The plasma diagnostics package receiver system is described to identify the various antennas and to characterize the complement of receivers which cover the frequency range of 30 Hz to 800 Hz and S-band at 2200 + or - 300 MHz. Sample results are presented to show the variability of electromagnetic effects associated with the orbiter and the time variability of these effects. The electric field and magnetic field maximum and minimum field strength spectra observed during the mission at the pallet location are plotted. Values are also derived for the maximum UHF transmitter and S-band transmitter field strengths. Calibration data to convert from the survey plots to actual narrowband and broadband field strengths are listed.

Measurements by the plasma diagnostics package on STS-3

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shawhan, S. D.; Murphy, G. B.

1982-01-01

A comprehensive set of measurements about the orbiter environment are provided by the plasma diagnostics package (PDP). Ion and electron particle densities, energies, and spatial distribution functions; ion mass for identification of particular molecular ion species; and magnetic fields, electric fields and electromagnetic waves over a broad frequency range are studied. Shuttle environmental measurements will be made both on the pallet and, by use of the remote manipulator system (RMS), the PDP will be maneuvered in and external to the bay area to continue environmental measurements and to carry on a joint plasma experiment with the Utah State University fast-pulsed electron generator. Results of orbiter environment EMI measurements and S-band field strengths as well as preliminary results from wake search operations indicating wake boundary identifiers are reported.

Spacelab payload accommodation handbook. Preliminary issue

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1976-01-01

The main characteristics of the Spacelab system are described. Sufficient information on Spacelab capabilities is provided to enable individual experimenters or payload planning groups to determine how their payload equipment can be accomodated by Spacelab topics discussed include major spacelab/experiment interfaces; Spacelab payload support systems and requirements the experiments must comply with to allow experiment design; and development and integration up to a level where a group of individual experiments are integrated into a complete Spacelab payload using Spacelab racks/floors and pallet segments. Integration of a complete Spacelab payload with Spacelab subsystems, primary module structure etc., integration of Spacelab with the Orbiter and basic operational aspects are also covered in this preliminary edition of the handbook which reflects the current Spacelab baseline design and is for information only.