Power superconducting power transmission cable

DOEpatents

Ashworth, Stephen P.

2003-01-01

The present invention is for a compact superconducting power transmission cable operating at distribution level voltages. The superconducting cable is a conductor with a number of tapes assembled into a subconductor. These conductors are then mounted co-planarly in an elongated dielectric to produce a 3-phase cable. The arrangement increases the magnetic field parallel to the tapes thereby reducing ac losses.

STABILIZED PINCH MACHINE

DOEpatents

Anderson, O.A.

1962-04-24

A device for heating and confining a high temperature gas or plasma utilizing the linear pinch effect is described. The pinch discharge produced is the form of an elongated cylinder. The electrical discharge current is returned in parallel along an axial and a concentric conductor whereby the magnetic field of the conductors compresses and stabilizes the pinch discharge against lateral instability. (AEC)

Artificial perfect electric conductor-perfect magnetic conductor anisotropic metasurface for generating orbital angular momentum of microwave with nearly perfect conversion efficiency

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Menglin L. N.; Jiang, Li Jun; Sha, Wei E. I.

2016-02-01

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) is a promising degree of freedom for fundamental studies in electromagnetics and quantum mechanics. The unlimited state space of OAM shows a great potential to enhance channel capacities of classical and quantum communications. By exploring the Pancharatnam-Berry phase concept and engineering anisotropic scatterers in a metasurface with spatially varying orientations, a plane wave with zero OAM can be converted to a vortex beam carrying nonzero OAM. In this paper, we proposed two types of novel perfect electric conductor-perfect magnetic conductor anisotropic metasurfaces. One is composed of azimuthally continuous loops and the other is constructed by azimuthally discontinuous dipole scatterers. Both types of metasurfaces are mounted on a mushroom-type high impedance surface. Compared to previous metasurface designs for generating OAM, the proposed ones achieve nearly perfect conversion efficiency. In view of the eliminated vertical component of electric field, the continuous metasurface shows very smooth phase pattern at the near-field region, which cannot be achieved by convectional metasurfaces composed of discrete scatterers. On the other hand, the metasurface with discrete dipole scatterers shows a great flexibility to generate OAM with arbitrary topological charges. Our work is fundamentally and practically important to high-performance OAM generation.

ELECTRICAL COIL STRUCTURE

DOEpatents

Baker, W.R.; Hartwig, A.

1962-09-25

A compactly wound electrical coil is designed for carrying intense pulsed currents such as are characteristic of controlled thermonuclear reaction devices. A flat strip of conductor is tightly wound in a spiral with a matching flat strip of insulator. To provide for a high fluid coolant flow through the coil with minimum pumping pressure, a surface of the conductor is scored with parallel transverse grooves which form short longitudinal coolant pasaages when the conductor is wound in the spiral configuration. Owing to this construction, the coil is extremely resistant to thermal and magnetic shock from sudden high currents. (AEC)

Simulation of stochastic wind action on transmission power lines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wielgos, Piotr; Lipecki, Tomasz; Flaga, Andrzej

2018-01-01

The paper presents FEM analysis of the wind action on overhead transmission power lines. The wind action is based on a stochastic simulation of the wind field in several points of the structure and on the wind tunnel tests on aerodynamic coefficients of the single conductor consisting of three wires. In FEM calculations the section of the transmission power line composed of three spans is considered. Non-linear analysis with deadweight of the structure is performed first to obtain the deformed shape of conductors. Next, time-dependent wind forces are applied to respective points of conductors and non-linear dynamic analysis is carried out.

Electro-optic component mounting device

DOEpatents

Gruchalla, M.E.

1994-09-13

A technique is provided for integrally mounting a device such as an electro-optic device in a transmission line to avoid series resonant effects. A center conductor of the transmission line has an aperture formed therein for receiving the device. The aperture splits the center conductor into two parallel sections on opposite sides of the device. For a waveguide application, the center conductor is surrounded by a conductive ground surface which is spaced apart from the center conductor with a dielectric material. One set of electrodes formed on the surface of the electro-optic device is directly connected to the center conductor and an electrode formed on the surface of the electro-optic device is directly connected to the conductive ground surface. The electrodes formed on the surface of the electro-optic device are formed on curved sections of the surface of the device to mate with correspondingly shaped electrodes on the conductor and ground surface to provide a uniform electric field across the electro-optic device. The center conductor includes a passage formed therein for passage of optical signals to an electro-optic device. 10 figs.

Application of the parametric proper generalized decomposition to the frequency-dependent calculation of the impedance of an AC line with rectangular conductors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sancarlos-González, Abel; Pineda-Sanchez, Manuel; Puche-Panadero, Ruben; Sapena-Bano, Angel; Riera-Guasp, Martin; Martinez-Roman, Javier; Perez-Cruz, Juan; Roger-Folch, Jose

2017-12-01

AC lines of industrial busbar systems are usually built using conductors with rectangular cross sections, where each phase can have several parallel conductors to carry high currents. The current density in a rectangular conductor, under sinusoidal conditions, is not uniform. It depends on the frequency, on the conductor shape, and on the distance between conductors, due to the skin effect and to proximity effects. Contrary to circular conductors, there are not closed analytical formulas for obtaining the frequency-dependent impedance of conductors with rectangular cross-section. It is necessary to resort to numerical simulations to obtain the resistance and the inductance of the phases, one for each desired frequency and also for each distance between the phases' conductors. On the contrary, the use of the parametric proper generalized decomposition (PGD) allows to obtain the frequency-dependent impedance of an AC line for a wide range of frequencies and distances between the phases' conductors by solving a single simulation in a 4D domain (spatial coordinates x and y, the frequency and the separation between conductors). In this way, a general "virtual chart" solution is obtained, which contains the solution for any frequency and for any separation of the conductors, and stores it in a compact separated representations form, which can be easily embedded on a more general software for the design of electrical installations. The approach presented in this work for rectangular conductors can be easily extended to conductors with an arbitrary shape.

Inspection criteria ensure quality control of parallel gap soldering

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burka, J. A.

1968-01-01

Investigation of parallel gap soldering of electrical leads resulted in recommendation on material preparation, equipment, process control, and visual inspection criteria to ensure reliable solder joints. The recommendations will minimize problems in heat-dwell time, amount of solder, bridging conductors, and damage of circuitry.

Preliminary fabrication and characterization of low-leakage hybrid coaxial cable

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rudnitsky, Arkady; Elbaz, David; Zalevsky, Zeev

2013-10-01

In this paper we present the fabrication and the initial characterization of a new type of coaxial cable having reduced leakage characteristics and the capability of transmitting optical signals, in additional to the RF signal, through the glass medium between the metallic conductors. The suggested decreased leakage and material loss is obtained by using different metallic shield geometry. The suggested model is composed of a central conductor surrounded by plurality of metallic wires circularly disposed.

Beam forming network

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cramer, P. W., Jr. (Inventor)

1985-01-01

The network, which is connected to a layer of 134 feed elements that transmit and receive microwaves, consists of a pair of circuit boards parallel to the feed element layer. One of the two boards has 87 dividers that each divide a signal to be transmitted into seven portions, and the other board has 134 combiners that each collect seven transmit signal portions and deliver the sum to one of the feed elements. A similar arrangement is used to handle received signals. The large number of interconnections are made by printed circuit conductors radiating from each of the numerous dividers and combiners, and by providing interconnection pins that interconnect the ends of pairs of conductors lying on the two boards. The printed circuit conductors extend in undulating paths that provide maximum separation of conductors to minimize crosstalk.

Music Careers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alfaro, Daniel

1977-01-01

Careers in the music field for Hispanos are available for the industrious, competitive, and talented person. Among the careers are: composer, orchestrator-arranger, church musician, conductor, teacher, music librarian, tuner-technician, copyist, and instrument repairer. (NQ)

Electro-optic component mounting device

DOEpatents

Gruchalla, Michael E.

1994-01-01

A technique is provided for integrally mounting a device such as an electro-optic device (50) in a transmission line to avoid series resonant effects. A center conductor (52) of the transmission line has an aperture (58) formed therein for receiving the device (50). The aperture (58) splits the center conductor into two parallel sections on opposite sides of the device. For a waveguide application, the center conductor is surrounded by a conductive ground surface (54), which is spaced apart from the center conductor with a dielectric material (56). One set of electrodes formed on the surface of the electro-optic device (50) is directly connected to the center conductor 52 and an electrode formed on the surface of the electro-optic device is directly connected to the conductive ground surface (54). The electrodes formed on the surface of the electro-optic device are formed on curved sections of the surface of the device to mate with correspondingly shaped electrodes on the conductor and ground surface to provide a uniform electric field across the electro-optic device. The center conductor includes a passage ( 60) formed therein for passage of optical signals to an electro-optic device.

Wireless Open-Circuit In-Plane Strain and Displacement Sensor Requiring No Electrical Connections

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Woodard, Stanley E. (Inventor)

2014-01-01

A wireless in-plane strain and displacement sensor includes an electrical conductor fixedly coupled to a substrate subject to strain conditions. The electrical conductor is shaped between its ends for storage of an electric field and a magnetic field, and remains electrically unconnected to define an unconnected open-circuit having inductance and capacitance. In the presence of a time-varying magnetic field, the electrical conductor so-shaped resonates to generate harmonic electric and magnetic field responses. The sensor also includes at least one electrically unconnected electrode having an end and a free portion extending from the end thereof. The end of each electrode is fixedly coupled to the substrate and the free portion thereof remains unencumbered and spaced apart from a portion of the electrical conductor so-shaped. More specifically, at least some of the free portion is disposed at a location lying within the magnetic field response generated by the electrical conductor. A motion guidance structure is slidingly engaged with each electrode's free portion in order to maintain each free portion parallel to the electrical conductor so-shaped.

Orbital effect for the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov phase in a quasi-two-dimensional superconductor in a parallel magnetic field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lebed, A. G.

2018-04-01

We theoretically study the orbital destructive effect against superconductivity in a parallel magnetic field in the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov (FFLO or LOFF) phase at zero temperature in a quasi-two-dimensional (Q2D) conductor. We demonstrate that at zero temperature a special parameter, λ =l⊥(H ) /d , is responsible for strength of the orbital effect, where l⊥(H ) is a typical "size" of the quasiclassical electron orbit in a magnetic field and d is the interplane distance. We discuss applications of our results to the existing experiments on the FFLO phase in the organic Q2D conductors κ -(ET) 2Cu (NCS) 2 and κ -(ET) 2Cu [N (CN) 2] Cl .

Analytical investigation in bending characteristic of twisted stacked-tape cable conductor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Takayasu, Makoto; Chiesa, Luisa

2015-12-01

An analytical model to evaluate bending strains of a twisted stack-tape cable (TSTC) conductor has been developed. Through a comparison with experimental results obtained for a soldered 32-tape YBCO TSTC conductor, it has been found that a Perfect-Slip Model (PSM) taking into account the slipping between tapes in a stacked-tape cable during bending gives much better estimation of the bending performance compared to a No-Slip Model (NSM). In the PSM case the tapes can slip so that the internal longitudinal axial strain can be released. The longitudinal strains of compression and tension regions along the tape are balanced in one twist-pitch and cancel out evenly in a long cable. Therefore, in a cable the strains due to bending can be minimized. This is an important advantage of a TSTC conductor. The effect of the cable diameter size on the bending strain is also expected to be minor, and all tapes composing a TSTC conductor have the same strain response under bending, therefore the cable critical current can be characterized from a single tape behaviour.

Interaction between EMP (Electromagnetic Pulses), Lightning and Static Electricity with Aircraft and Missile Avionics Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-05-01

integral fuel tanks, the various conductors in the fuel systems (e.g. pipes, fuel gauge wiring etc.) can be a fuel explosion risk of very high currents...without sparking. The energy contained in the sparking is most certainly a grave fuel explosion risk . Similar hazards must be avoided with any wiring or...conductors parallel to the cable, transmission lines can be formed. This mehod can only be used for shielded cables. The shield must be accessible somewhere

On the conversion of infrared radiation from fission reactor-based photon engine into parallel beam

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gulevich, Andrey V.; Levchenko, Vladislav E.; Loginov, Nicolay I.; Kukharchuk, Oleg F.; Evtodiev, Denis A.; Zrodnikov, Anatoly V.

2002-01-01

The efficiency of infrared radiation conversion from photon engine based on fission reactor into parallel photon beam is discussed. Two different ways of doing that are considered. One of them is to use the parabolic mirror to convert of infrared radiation into parallel photon beam. The another one is based on the use of special lattice consisting of numerous light conductors. The experimental facility and some results are described. .

Clinical evaluation of a thin bipolar pacing lead.

PubMed

Breivik, K; Danilovic, D; Ohm, O J; Guerola, M; Stertman, W A; Suntinger, A

1997-03-01

The main disadvantages of bipolar pacing leads have traditionally been related to their relative thickness and stiffness compared to unipolar leads. In a new "drawn filled tube" plus "coated wire" technology, each conductor strand is composed of MP35N tubing filled with silver core and coated with a thin ETFE polymer insulation material. This and parallel winding of single anode and cathode conductors into a single bifilar coil resulted in a bipolar lead (ThinLine, Intermedics) with a body diameter and flexibility similar to unipolar leads. The lead is tined, polyurethane, with the cathode and the anode made of iridium-oxide-coated titanium (IROX). The slotted 8-mm2 cathode tip is coated with polyethylene glycol, a blood soluble material. We present the clinical evaluation results from four pacemaker clinics, where 47 leads (23 atrial-J model 432-04 and 24 ventricular model 430-10) were implanted in 25 patients and followed for up to 2 years. The lead handling characteristics were found to be very satisfactory. Electrical parameters of the leads were measured at implant and noninvasively on postoperative days 1, 2, 21, 42, and months 3, 6, 12, and 24. Mean chronic pulse width thresholds at 2.5 V were 0.14 +/- 0.05 ms in the atrium and 0.10 +/- 0.02 ms in the ventricle, pacing impedances 443 +/- 104 omega and 520 +/- 241 omega, while median electrogram amplitudes were > or = 3.5 mV and > or = 7 mV, respectively. Pacing impedances and thresholds were found to be slightly but statistically significantly higher in unipolar than in bipolar configuration--the findings are explainable by the lead construction. One of 47 leads failed 3 weeks after implant; the conductors were short circuited due to an error during the manufacturing process. We conclude that the new lead thus far has demonstrated appropriate mechanical and electrical characteristics.

7 CFR 1724.51 - Design requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., galloping or conductor separation, design loads, structure strength limitations, insulator selection and design, guying requirements, and vibration considerations. For lines composed of steel or concrete poles, or steel towers, in which load information will be used to purchase the structures, the design data...

7 CFR 1724.51 - Design requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., galloping or conductor separation, design loads, structure strength limitations, insulator selection and design, guying requirements, and vibration considerations. For lines composed of steel or concrete poles, or steel towers, in which load information will be used to purchase the structures, the design data...

7 CFR 1724.51 - Design requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., galloping or conductor separation, design loads, structure strength limitations, insulator selection and design, guying requirements, and vibration considerations. For lines composed of steel or concrete poles, or steel towers, in which load information will be used to purchase the structures, the design data...

A probabilistic analysis of electrical equipment vulnerability to carbon fibers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Elber, W.

1980-01-01

The statistical problems of airborne carbon fibers falling onto electrical circuits were idealized and analyzed. The probability of making contact between randomly oriented finite length fibers and sets of parallel conductors with various spacings and lengths was developed theoretically. The probability of multiple fibers joining to bridge a single gap between conductors, or forming continuous networks is included. From these theoretical considerations, practical statistical analyses to assess the likelihood of causing electrical malfunctions was produced. The statistics obtained were confirmed by comparison with results of controlled experiments.

Wire-chamber radiation detector with discharge control

DOEpatents

Perez-Mendez, V.; Mulera, T.A.

1982-03-29

A wire chamber; radiation detector has spaced apart parallel electrodes and grids defining an ignition region in which charged particles or other ionizing radiations initiate brief localized avalanche discharges and defining an adjacent memory region in which sustained glow discharges are initiated by the primary discharges. Conductors of the grids at each side of the memory section extend in orthogonal directions enabling readout of the X-Y coordinates of locations at which charged particles were detected by sequentially transmitting pulses to the conductors of one grid while detecting transmissions of the pulses to the orthogonal conductors of the other grid through glow discharges. One of the grids bounding the memory region is defined by an array of conductive elements each of which is connected to the associated readout conductor through a separate resistance. The wire chamber avoids ambiguities and imprecisions in the readout of coordinates when large numbers of simultaneous or; near simultaneous charged particles have been detected. Down time between detection periods and the generation of radio frequency noise are also reduced.

Electrical contact structures for solid oxide electrolyte fuel cell

DOEpatents

Isenberg, Arnold O.

1984-01-01

An improved electrical output connection means is provided for a high temperature solid oxide electrolyte type fuel cell generator. The electrical connection of the fuel cell electrodes to the electrical output bus, which is brought through the generator housing to be connected to an electrical load line maintains a highly uniform temperature distribution. The electrical connection means includes an electrode bus which is spaced parallel to the output bus with a plurality of symmetrically spaced transversely extending conductors extending between the electrode bus and the output bus, with thermal insulation means provided about the transverse conductors between the spaced apart buses. Single or plural stages of the insulated transversely extending conductors can be provided within the high temperatures regions of the fuel cell generator to provide highly homogeneous temperature distribution over the contacting surfaces.

Breaking the Ice

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1989-01-01

Electro-Expulsive Separation System, a low power electro-thermal deicer, was invented by Leonard A. Haslim from the Ames Research Center, who was named 1988 NASA Inventor of the Year for his work. Sold under license by Dataproducts New England, Inc., it consists of an elastic, rubber-like deicer boot on the wing's leading edge with copper ribbons embedded in it. Conductors are separated by slits in between and parallel to the ribbons. When the system is switched on, a bank of capacitors in the power supply discharges into the conductors which induces the conductor pairs to repel each other. This results in a powerful force causing the slit voids to expand explosively, removing ice on the wing. EESS is more flexible, more effective, and easier to maintain than previous systems. Potential ship, bridge and industrial applications are under study.

Magnetophoretic Conductors and Diodes in a 3D Magnetic Field.

PubMed

Abedini-Nassab, Roozbeh; Joh, Daniel Y; Van Heest, Melissa; Baker, Cody; Chilkoti, Ashutosh; Murdoch, David M; Yellen, Benjamin B

2016-06-14

We demonstrate magnetophoretic conductor tracks that can transport single magnetized beads and magnetically labeled single cells in a 3-dimensional time-varying magnetic field. The vertical field bias, in addition to the in-plane rotating field, has the advantage of reducing the attraction between particles, which inhibits the formation of particle clusters. However, the inclusion of a vertical field requires the re-design of magnetic track geometries which can transport magnetized objects across the substrate. Following insights from magnetic bubble technology, we found that successful magnetic conductor geometries defined in soft magnetic materials must be composed of alternating sections of positive and negative curvature. In addition to the previously studied magnetic tracks taken from the magnetic bubble literature, a drop-shape pattern was found to be even more adept at transporting small magnetic beads and single cells. Symmetric patterns are shown to achieve bi-directional conduction, whereas asymmetric patterns achieve unidirectional conduction. These designs represent the electrical circuit corollaries of the conductor and diode, respectively. Finally, we demonstrate biological applications in transporting single cells and in the size based separation of magnetic particles.

Multiturn split-conductor transmission-line resonator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Haziza, Nathalie; Bittoun, Jacques; Kan, Siew

1997-05-01

A split-conductor parallel-plate transmission line resonator is a simple structure made from bending a strip of double-face copper-clad printed-circuit board into a loop with alternate electrical discontinuities (gaps) on opposite sides. Its natural resonant frequency (Fn) is determined by the transmission line characteristic impedance, the loop diameter or strip length, and the number (Ng) of gaps. It is easy to design high frequency resonators simply by increasing Ng. We propose here a single-gap multiturn resonator for low frequency operation as well as a simplified expression for the determination of Fn. A design procedure of this type of resonator is outlined and illustrative examples with parallel-plate as well as ordinary 50 Ω coaxial transmission lines are given. Also, for a given cable length, numerical calculation shows that the minimum resonator frequency can be attained with a form factor of the order of 2.

Symmetric Absorber-Coupled Far-Infrared Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detector

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

U-yen, Kongpop (Inventor); Wollack, Edward J. (Inventor); Brown, Ari D. (Inventor); Stevenson, Thomas R. (Inventor); Patel, Amil A. (Inventor)

2016-01-01

The present invention relates to a symmetric absorber-coupled far-infrared microwave kinetic inductance detector including: a membrane having an absorber disposed thereon in a symmetric cross bar pattern; and a microstrip including a plurality of conductor microstrip lines disposed along all edges of the membrane, and separated from a ground plane by the membrane. The conducting microstrip lines are made from niobium, and the pattern is made from a superconducting material with a transition temperature below niobium, including one of aluminum, titanium nitride, or molybdenum nitride. The pattern is disposed on both a top and a bottom of the membrane, and creates a parallel-plate coupled transmission line on the membrane that acts as a half-wavelength resonator at readout frequencies. The parallel-plate coupled transmission line and the conductor microstrip lines form a stepped impedance resonator. The pattern provides identical power absorption for both horizontal and vertical polarization signals.

Chiral surface and edge plasmons in ferromagnetic conductors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Steven S.-L.; Vignale, Giovanni

2018-06-01

The recently introduced concept of "surface Berry plasmons" is studied in the concrete instance of a ferromagnetic conductor in which the Berry curvature, generated by spin-orbit (SO) interaction, has opposite signs for carrier with spins parallel or antiparallel to the magnetization. By using collisionless hydrodynamic equations with appropriate boundary conditions, we study both the surface plasmons of a three-dimensional ferromagnetic conductor and the edge plasmons of a two-dimensional one. The anomalous velocity and the broken inversion symmetry at the surface or the edge of the conductor create a "handedness" whereby the plasmon frequency depends not only on the angle between the wave vector and the magnetization, but also on the direction of propagation along a given line. In particular, we find that the frequency of the edge plasmon depends on the direction of propagation along the edge. These Berry curvature effects are compared and contrasted with similar effects on plasmon dispersions induced by an external magnetic field in the absence of Berry curvature. We argue that Berry curvature effects may be used to control the direction of propagation of the surface plasmons via coupling with the magnetization of ferromagnetic conductors, and thus create a link between plasmonics and spintronics.

Photovoltaic cell array

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Eliason, J. T. (Inventor)

1976-01-01

A photovoltaic cell array consisting of parallel columns of silicon filaments is described. Each fiber is doped to produce an inner region of one polarity type and an outer region of an opposite polarity type to thereby form a continuous radial semi conductor junction. Spaced rows of electrical contacts alternately connect to the inner and outer regions to provide a plurality of electrical outputs which may be combined in parallel or in series.

Center conductor diagnostic for multipactor detection in inaccessible geometries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chaplin, Vernon H.; Hubble, Aimee A.; Clements, Kathryn A.; Graves, Timothy P.

2017-01-01

Electron collecting current probes are the most reliable diagnostic of multipactor and radiofrequency (RF) ionization breakdown; however, stand-alone probes can only be used in test setups where the breakdown region is physically accessible. This paper describes techniques for measuring multipactor current directly on the center conductor of a coaxial RF device (or more generally, on the signal line in any two-conductor RF system) enabling global multipactor detection with improved sensitivity compared to other common diagnostics such as phase null, third harmonic, and reflected power. The center conductor diagnostic may be AC coupled for use in systems with a low DC impedance between the center conductor and ground. The effect of DC bias on the breakdown threshold was studied: in coaxial geometry, the change in threshold was <1 dB for positive biases satisfying VD C/VR F 0 <0.8 , where VRF0 is the RF voltage amplitude at the unperturbed breakdown threshold. In parallel plate geometry, setting VD C/VR F 0 <0.2 was necessary to avoid altering the threshold by more than 1 dB. In most cases, the center conductor diagnostic functions effectively with no bias at all—this is the preferred implementation, but biases in the range VD C=0 -10 V may be applied if necessary. The polarity of the detected current signal may be positive or negative depending on whether there is net electron collection or emission globally.

Center conductor diagnostic for multipactor detection in inaccessible geometries.

PubMed

Chaplin, Vernon H; Hubble, Aimee A; Clements, Kathryn A; Graves, Timothy P

2017-01-01

Electron collecting current probes are the most reliable diagnostic of multipactor and radiofrequency (RF) ionization breakdown; however, stand-alone probes can only be used in test setups where the breakdown region is physically accessible. This paper describes techniques for measuring multipactor current directly on the center conductor of a coaxial RF device (or more generally, on the signal line in any two-conductor RF system) enabling global multipactor detection with improved sensitivity compared to other common diagnostics such as phase null, third harmonic, and reflected power. The center conductor diagnostic may be AC coupled for use in systems with a low DC impedance between the center conductor and ground. The effect of DC bias on the breakdown threshold was studied: in coaxial geometry, the change in threshold was <1 dB for positive biases satisfying V DC /V RF0 <0.8, where V RF0 is the RF voltage amplitude at the unperturbed breakdown threshold. In parallel plate geometry, setting V DC /V RF0 <0.2 was necessary to avoid altering the threshold by more than 1 dB. In most cases, the center conductor diagnostic functions effectively with no bias at all-this is the preferred implementation, but biases in the range V DC =0-10V may be applied if necessary. The polarity of the detected current signal may be positive or negative depending on whether there is net electron collection or emission globally.

A Musing on Schuller's "Musings"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Asia, Daniel

2013-01-01

For many years Gunther Schuller was at the center of the classical music world, as a player, composer, conductor, writer, record producer, polemicist and publisher for new music and jazz, educator, and president of New England Conservatory. His book, entitled, "Musings: The Musical Worlds of Gunther Schuller: A Collection of His…

Method for producing a tube

DOEpatents

Peterson, Kenneth A [Albuquerque, NM; Rohde, Steven B [Corrales, NM; Pfeifer, Kent B [Los Lunas, NM; Turner, Timothy S [Rio Rancho, NM

2007-01-02

A method is described for producing tubular substrates having parallel spaced concentric rings of electrical conductors that can be used as the drift tube of an Ion Mobility Spectrometer (IMS). The invention comprises providing electrodes on the inside of a tube that are electrically connected to the outside of the tube through conductors that extend between adjacent plies of substrate that are combined to form the tube. Tubular substrates are formed from flexible polymeric printed wiring board materials, ceramic materials and material compositions of glass and ceramic, commonly known as Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramic (LTCC). The adjacent plies are sealed together around the electrode.

Mesh-matrix analysis method for electromagnetic launchers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Elliott, David G.

1989-01-01

The mesh-matrix method is a procedure for calculating the current distribution in the conductors of electromagnetic launchers with coil or flat-plate geometry. Once the current distribution is known the launcher performance can be calculated. The method divides the conductors into parallel current paths, or meshes, and finds the current in each mesh by matrix inversion. The author presents procedures for writing equations for the current and voltage relations for a few meshes to serve as a pattern for writing the computer code. An available subroutine package provides routines for field and flux coefficients and equation solution.

Current balancing for battery strings

DOEpatents

Galloway, James H.

1985-01-01

A battery plant is described which features magnetic circuit means for balancing the electrical current flow through a pluraliircuitbattery strings which are connected electrically in parallel. The magnetic circuit means is associated with the battery strings such that the conductors carrying the electrical current flow through each of the battery strings pass through the magnetic circuit means in directions which cause the electromagnetic fields of at least one predetermined pair of the conductors to oppose each other. In an alternative embodiment, a low voltage converter is associated with each of the battery strings for balancing the electrical current flow through the battery strings.

Data communications in a parallel active messaging interface of a parallel computer

DOEpatents

Archer, Charles J; Blocksome, Michael A; Ratterman, Joseph D; Smith, Brian E

2013-11-12

Data communications in a parallel active messaging interface (`PAMI`) of a parallel computer composed of compute nodes that execute a parallel application, each compute node including application processors that execute the parallel application and at least one management processor dedicated to gathering information regarding data communications. The PAMI is composed of data communications endpoints, each endpoint composed of a specification of data communications parameters for a thread of execution on a compute node, including specifications of a client, a context, and a task, the compute nodes and the endpoints coupled for data communications through the PAMI and through data communications resources. Embodiments function by gathering call site statistics describing data communications resulting from execution of data communications instructions and identifying in dependence upon the call cite statistics a data communications algorithm for use in executing a data communications instruction at a call site in the parallel application.

Finite Ground Coplanar (FGC) Waveguide: Characteristics and Advantages Evaluated for Radiofrequency and Wireless Communication Circuits

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ponchak, George E.

1999-01-01

Researchers in NASA Lewis Research Center s Electron Device Technology Branch are developing transmission lines for radiofrequency and wireless circuits that are more efficient, smaller, and make lower cost circuits possible. Traditionally, radiofrequency and wireless circuits have employed a microstrip or coplanar waveguide to interconnect the various electrical elements that comprise a circuit. Although a coplanar waveguide (CPW) is widely viewed as better than a microstrip for most applications, it too has problems. To solve these problems, NASA Lewis and the University of Michigan developed a new version of a coplanar waveguide with electrically narrow ground planes. Through extensive numerical modeling and experimental measurements, we have characterized the propagation constant of the FGC waveguide, the lumped and distributed circuit elements integrated in the FGC waveguide, and the coupling between parallel transmission lines. Although the attenuation per unit length is higher for the FGC waveguide because of higher conductor loss, the attenuation is comparable when the ground plane width is twice the center conductor width as shown in the following graph. An upper limit to the line width is derived from observations that when the total line width is greater than ld/2, spurious resonances due to the parallel plate waveguide mode are established. Thus, the ground plane width must be less than ld/4 where ld is the wavelength in the dielectric. Since the center conductor width S is typically less than l/10 to maintain good transverse electromagnetic mode characteristics, it follows that a ground plane width of B = 2S would also be electrically narrow. Thus, we can now treat the ground strips of the FGC waveguide the same way that the center conductor is treated.

An analysis of texture, timbre, and rhythm in relation to form in Magnus Lindberg's "Gran Duo"

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wolfe, Brian Thomas

Gran Duo (1999-2000) by Magnus Lindberg (b. 1958) is the result of a commission by Sir Simon Rattle, former conductor of the City of Birmingham (England) Symphony Orchestra, and the Royal Festival Hall to commemorate the third millennium. Composed for twenty-four woodwinds and brass, Lindberg divides the woodwind and brass families into eight characters that serve as participants in an attentive twenty-minute conversation. The document includes biographical information about the composition to further understand Lindberg's writing style. The composer's use of computer-assisted composition techniques inspires an alternative structural analysis of Gran Duo. Spectral graphs provide a supplementary tool for score study assisting with the verification of formal structural elements. A tempo chart allows the conductor to easily identify form and tempo relationships between each of the nineteen sections throughout the five-movement composition. In order to reveal character areas and their relation to the structure of the work, the analysis of texture, timbre, and rhythm reveal the formal structure of the composition, which reflects a conversation between the brass and woodwinds in this setting for wind instruments.

Design of transparent conductors and periodic two-dimensional electron gases without doping

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Xiuwen; Zhang, Lijun; Zunger, Alex; Perkins, John; Materials by Design Team; John D. Perkins Collaboration

The functionality of transparency plus conductivity plays an important role in renewable energy and information technologies, including applications such as solar cells, touch-screen sensors, and flat panel display. However, materials with such seemingly contraindicated properties are difficult to come by. The traditional strategy for designing bulk transparent conductors (TCs) starts from a wide-gap insulator and finds ways to make it conductive by extensive doping. We propose a different strategy for TC design--starting with a metallic conductor and designing transparency by control of intrinsic interband transitions and intraband plasmonic frequency. We identified specific design principles for prototypical intrinsic TC classes and searched computationally for materials that satisfy them. The electron gases in the 3D intrinsic TCs demonstrate intriguing properties, such as periodic 2D electron gas regions with very high carrier density. We will discuss a more extended search of these functionalities, in parallel with stability and growability calculations

Parallel heater system for subsurface formations

DOEpatents

Harris, Christopher Kelvin [Houston, TX; Karanikas, John Michael [Houston, TX; Nguyen, Scott Vinh [Houston, TX

2011-10-25

A heating system for a subsurface formation is disclosed. The system includes a plurality of substantially horizontally oriented or inclined heater sections located in a hydrocarbon containing layer in the formation. At least a portion of two of the heater sections are substantially parallel to each other. The ends of at least two of the heater sections in the layer are electrically coupled to a substantially horizontal, or inclined, electrical conductor oriented substantially perpendicular to the ends of the at least two heater sections.

Redefining Music Technology: A Rough Guide to a Universe of Possibilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Criswell, Chad; Menasche, Emile

2009-01-01

As music making and technology grow more entwined, it is important for teachers to become familiar with available hardware, software, Web apps, yMIDI, sequencing, sampling and other emerging products. If music students in today's digital world wish to make a career out of doing what they love--whether as performers or conductors, composers or…

Low profile, highly configurable, current sharing paralleled wide band gap power device power module

DOEpatents

McPherson, Brice; Killeen, Peter D.; Lostetter, Alex; Shaw, Robert; Passmore, Brandon; Hornberger, Jared; Berry, Tony M

2016-08-23

A power module with multiple equalized parallel power paths supporting multiple parallel bare die power devices constructed with low inductance equalized current paths for even current sharing and clean switching events. Wide low profile power contacts provide low inductance, short current paths, and large conductor cross section area provides for massive current carrying. An internal gate & source kelvin interconnection substrate is provided with individual ballast resistors and simple bolted construction. Gate drive connectors are provided on either left or right size of the module. The module is configurable as half bridge, full bridge, common source, and common drain topologies.

Wire chamber radiation detector with discharge control

DOEpatents

Perez-Mendez, Victor; Mulera, Terrence A.

1984-01-01

A wire chamber radiation detector (11) has spaced apart parallel electrodes (16) and grids (17, 18, 19) defining an ignition region (21) in which charged particles (12) or other ionizing radiations initiate brief localized avalanche discharges (93) and defining an adjacent memory region (22) in which sustained glow discharges (94) are initiated by the primary discharges (93). Conductors (29, 32) of the grids (18, 19) at each side of the memory section (22) extend in orthogonal directions enabling readout of the X-Y coordinates of locations at which charged particles (12) were detected by sequentially transmitting pulses to the conductors (29) of one grid (18) while detecting transmissions of the pulses to the orthogonal conductors (36) of the other grid (19) through glow discharges (94). One of the grids (19) bounding the memory region (22) is defined by an array of conductive elements (32) each of which is connected to the associated readout conductor (36) through a separate resistance (37). The wire chamber (11) avoids ambiguities and imprecisions in the readout of coordinates when large numbers of simultaneous or near simultaneous charged particles (12) have been detected. Down time between detection periods and the generation of radio frequency noise are also reduced.

RAPID COMMUNICATION: Effect of strain, magnetic field and field angle on the critical current density of Y Ba2Cu3O7-δ coated conductors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van der Laan, D. C.; Ekin, J. W.; Douglas, J. F.; Clickner, C. C.; Stauffer, T. C.; Goodrich, L. F.

2010-07-01

A large, magnetic-field-dependent, reversible reduction in critical current density with axial strain in Y Ba2Cu3O7-δ coated conductors at 75.9 K has been measured. This effect may have important implications for the performance of Y Ba2Cu3O7-δ coated conductors in applications where the conductor experiences large stresses in the presence of a magnetic field. Previous studies have been performed only under tensile strain and could provide only a limited understanding of the in-field strain effect. We now have constructed a device for measuring the critical current density as a function of axial compressive and tensile strain and applied magnetic field as well as magnetic field angle, in order to determine the magnitude of this effect and to create a better understanding of its origin. The reversible reduction in critical current density with strain becomes larger with increasing magnetic field at all field angles. At 76 K the critical current density is reduced by about 30% at - 0.5% strain when a magnetic field of 5 T is applied parallel to the c-axis of the conductor or 8 T is applied in the ab-plane, compared to a reduction of only 13% in self-field. Differences in the strain response of the critical current density at various magnetic field angles indicate that the pinning mechanisms in Y Ba2Cu3O7-δ coated conductors are uniquely affected by strain. Contribution of NIST, not subject to US copyright.

Teaching and Using Audiation in Classroom Instruction and Applied Lessons with Advanced Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hiatt, James S.; Cross, Sam

2006-01-01

A musical ear is widely accepted as an essential ingredient in the education of successful music students. Most music educators believe that without a well-developed ear, it's impossible for a musician to function on a professional level as a teacher, conductor, performer, or composer. The purpose of this article is to introduce the concept of…

The dynamic resistance of YBCO coated conductor wire: effect of DC current magnitude and applied field orientation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Zhenan; Zhou, Wei; Li, Quan; Yao, Min; Fang, Jin; Amemiya, Naoyuki; Bumby, Chris W.

2018-07-01

Dynamic resistance, which occurs when a HTS coated conductor carries a DC current under an AC magnetic field, can have critical implications for the design of HTS machines. Here, we report measurements of dynamic resistance in a commercially available SuperPower 4 mm-wide YBCO coated conductor, carrying a DC current under an applied AC magnetic field of arbitrary orientation. The reduced DC current, I t/I c0, ranged from 0.01 to 0.9, where I t is the DC current level and I c0 is the self-field critical current of the conductor. The field angle (the angle between the magnetic field and the normal vector of the conductor wide-face) was varied between 0° and 90° at intervals of 10°. We show that the effective width of the conductor under study is ˜12% less than the physical wire width, and we attribute this difference to edge damage of the wire during or after manufacture. We then examine the measured dynamic resistance of this wire under perpendicular applied fields at very low DC current levels. In this regime we find that the threshold field, B th, of the conductor is well described by the nonlinear equation of Mikitik and Brandt. However, this model consistently underestimates the threshold field at higher current levels. As such, the dynamic resistance in a coated conductor under perpendicular magnetic fields is best described using two different equations for each of the low and high DC current regimes, respectively. At low DC currents where I t/I c0 ≤ 0.1, the nonlinear relationship of Mikitik and Brandt provides the closest agreement with experimental data. However, in the higher current regime where I t/I c0 ≥ 0.2, closer agreement is obtained using a simple linear expression which assumes a current-independent penetration field. We further show that for the conductor studied here, the measured dynamic resistance at different field angles is dominated by the perpendicular magnetic field component, with negligible contribution from the parallel component. Our findings now enable the dynamic resistance of a single conductor to be analytically determined for a very wide range of DC currents and at all applied field angles.

Fundamental Design based on Current Distribution in Coaxial Multi-Layer Cable-in-Conduit Conductor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hamajima, Takataro; Tsuda, Makoto; Yagai, Tsuyoshi; Takahata, Kazuya; Imagawa, Shinsaku

An imbalanced current distribution is often observed in cable-in-conduit (CIC) superconductors which are composed of multi-staged, triplet type sub-cables, and hence deteriorates the performance of the coils. Therefore, since it is very important to obtain a homogeneous current distribution in the superconducting strands, we propose a coaxial multi-layer type CIC conductor. We use a circuit model for all layers in the coaxial multi-layer CIC conductor, and derive a generalized formula governing the current distribution as explicit functions of the superconductor construction parameters, such as twist pitch, twist direction, radius of each layer, and number of superconducting (SC) strands and copper (Cu) strands. We apply the formula to design the coaxial multi-layer CIC which has the same number of SC strands and Cu strands of the CIC for Central Solenoid of ITER. We can design three kinds of the coaxial multi-layer CIC depending on distribution of SC and Cu strands on all layers. It is shown that the SC strand volume should be optimized as a function of SC and Cu strand distribution on the layers.

Solid oxide fuel cell generator

DOEpatents

Di Croce, A. Michael; Draper, Robert

1993-11-02

A solid oxide fuel cell generator has a plenum containing at least two rows of spaced apart, annular, axially elongated fuel cells. An electrical conductor extending between adjacent rows of fuel cells connects the fuel cells of one row in parallel with each other and in series with the fuel cells of the adjacent row.

Using Inquiry-Based Instruction for Teaching Science to Students with Learning Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aydeniz, Mehmet; Cihak, David F.; Graham, Shannon C.; Retinger, Larryn

2012-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of inquiry-based science instruction for five elementary students with learning disabilities (LD). Students participated in a series of inquiry-based activities targeting conceptual and application-based understanding of simple electric circuits, conductors and insulators, parallel circuits, and…

Solid oxide fuel cell generator

DOEpatents

Di Croce, A.M.; Draper, R.

1993-11-02

A solid oxide fuel cell generator has a plenum containing at least two rows of spaced apart, annular, axially elongated fuel cells. An electrical conductor extending between adjacent rows of fuel cells connects the fuel cells of one row in parallel with each other and in series with the fuel cells of the adjacent row. 5 figures.

Transitioning NWChem to the Next Generation of Manycore Machines

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bylaska, Eric J.; Apra, E; Kowalski, Karol

The NorthWest chemistry (NWChem) modeling software is a popular molecular chemistry simulation software that was designed from the start to work on massively parallel processing supercomputers [1-3]. It contains an umbrella of modules that today includes self-consistent eld (SCF), second order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2), coupled cluster (CC), multiconguration self-consistent eld (MCSCF), selected conguration interaction (CI), tensor contraction engine (TCE) many body methods, density functional theory (DFT), time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), real-time time-dependent density functional theory, pseudopotential plane-wave density functional theory (PSPW), band structure (BAND), ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD), Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics (MD), classical MD, hybrid quantum mechanicsmore » molecular mechanics (QM/MM), hybrid ab initio molecular dynamics molecular mechanics (AIMD/MM), gauge independent atomic orbital nuclear magnetic resonance (GIAO NMR), conductor like screening solvation model (COSMO), conductor-like screening solvation model based on density (COSMO-SMD), and reference interaction site model (RISM) solvation models, free energy simulations, reaction path optimization, parallel in time, among other capabilities [4]. Moreover, new capabilities continue to be added with each new release.« less

Metal nanostructures: from clusters to nanocatalysis and sensors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smirnov, B. M.

2017-12-01

The properties of metal clusters and nanostructures composed of them are reviewed. Various existing methods for the generation of intense beams of metal clusters and their subsequent conversion into nanostructures are compared. Processes of the flow of a buffer gas with active molecules through a nanostructure are analyzed as a basis of using nanostructures for catalytic applications. The propagation of an electric signal through a nanostructure is studied by analogy with a macroscopic metal. An analysis is given of how a nanostructure changes its resistance as active molecules attach to its surface and are converted into negative ions. These negative ions induce the formation of positively charged vacancies inside the metal conductor and attract the vacancies to together change the resistance of the metal nanostructure. The physical basis is considered for using metal clusters and nanostructures composed of them to create new materials in the form of a porous metal film on the surface of an object. The fundamentals of nanocatalysis are reviewed. Semiconductor conductometric sensors consisting of bound nanoscale grains or fibers acting as a conductor are compared with metal sensors conducting via a percolation cluster, a fractal fiber, or a bunch of interwoven nanofibers formed in superfluid helium. It is shown that sensors on the basis of metal nanostructures are characterized by a higher sensitivity than semiconductor ones, but are not selective. Measurements using metal sensors involve two stages, one of which measures to high precision the attachment rate of active molecules to the sensor conductor, and in the other one the surface of metal nanostructures is cleaned from the attached molecules using a gas discharge plasma (in particular, capillary discharge) with a subsequent chromatography analysis for products of cleaning.

Twisted, multifilament Nb3Sn superconductive ribbon

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Coles, W. D.

1972-01-01

An experimental study of superconductor stabilization has resulted in the successful application of the concepts of filamentary structure and conductor twist to Nb3Sn ribbon. The Nb3Sn is formed in parallel, helical paths, which are continuous around the ribbon. Short lengths (12-18cm) of 1.27 cm wide superconductive ribbon were produced. The filamentary and twist characteristics are incorporated in the ribbon by means of an inert mask formed on the ribbon surface early in the fabrication process. Diffusion reaction of the niobium and tin is prevented at the filament boundaries. Described are the conductor methods of fabrication, and test results obtained. The technology required to adapt the processes for the production of long lengths of ribbon is available.

Current noise generated by spin imbalance in presence of spin relaxation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khrapai, V. S.; Nagaev, K. E.

2017-01-01

We calculate current (shot) noise in a metallic diffusive conductor generated by spin imbalance in the absence of a net electric current. This situation is modeled in an idealized three-terminal setup with two biased ferromagnetic leads (F-leads) and one normal lead (N-lead). Parallel magnetization of the F-leads gives rise to spin-imbalance and finite shot noise at the N-lead. Finite spin relaxation results in an increase in the shot noise, which depends on the ratio of the length of the conductor ( L) and the spin relaxation length ( l s). For L >> l s the shot noise increases by a factor of two and coincides with the case of the antiparallel magnetization of the F-leads.

P wave crustal velocity structure in the greater Mount Rainier area from local earthquake tomography

USGS Publications Warehouse

Moran, S.C.; Lees, J.M.; Malone, S.D.

1999-01-01

We present results from a local earthquake tomographic imaging experiment in the greater Mount Rainier area. We inverted P wave arrival times from local earthquakes recorded at permanent and temporary Pacific Northwest Seismograph Network seismographs between 1980 and 1996. We used a method similar to that described by Lees and Crosson [1989], modified to incorporate the parameter separation method for decoupling the hypocenter and velocity problems. In the upper 7 km of the resulting model there is good correlation between velocity anomalies and surface geology. Many focal mechanisms within the St. Helens seismic zone have nodal planes parallel to the epicentral trend as well as to a north-south trending low-velocity trough, leading us to speculate that the trough represents a zone of structural weakness in which a moderate (M 6.5-7.0) earthquake could occur. In contrast, the western Rainier seismic zone does not correlate in any simple way with anomaly patterns or focal mechanism fault planes, leading us to infer that it is less likely to experience a moderate earthquake. A ???10 km-wide low-velocity anomaly occurs 5 to 18 km beneath the summit of Mount Rainier, which we interpret to be a signal of a region composed of hot, fractured rock with possible small amounts of melt or fluid. No systematic velocity pattern is observed in association with the southern Washington Cascades conductor. A midcrustal anomaly parallels the Olympic-Wallowa lineament as well as several other geophysical trends, indicating that it may play an important role in regional tectonics. Copyright 1999 by the American Geophysical Union.

PUMPS FOR LIQUID CURRENT-CONDUCTING MATERIAL

DOEpatents

Watt, D.A.

1958-12-23

An induction-type liquid conductor pump is described wherein the induced current flow is substantially tnansverse to the flow of the liquid in the duct, thus eliminating parallel current flow that tends to cause unwanted pressures resulting in turbulence, eddy-flow, heating losses, and reduced pumping efficiency. This improvement is achieved by offering the parallel current a path of lower impedance along the duct than that offered by the liquid so that the induced currents remaining in the liquid flow in a substantially transverse directlon. Thick copper bars are brazed to the liquid duct parallel to the flow, and additional induced currents are created in the copper bars of appropriate magnitude to balance the ohmic drop ln the current paths outside of the liquid metal.

Ac-loss measurement of a DyBCO-Roebel assembled coated conductor cable (RACC)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schuller, S.; Goldacker, W.; Kling, A.; Krempasky, L.; Schmidt, C.

2007-10-01

Low ac-loss HTS cables for transport currents well above 1 kA are required for application in transformers and generators and are taken into consideration for future generations of fusion reactor coils. Coated conductors (CC) are suitable candidates for high field application at an operation temperature around 50-77 K, which is a crucial precondition for economical cooling costs. We prepared a short length of a Roebel bar cable made of industrial DyBCO coated conductor (Theva Company, Germany). Meander shaped tapes of 4 mm width with a twist pitch of 122 mm were cut from 10 mm wide CC tapes using a specially designed tool. Eleven of these strands were assembled to a cable. The electrical and mechanical connection of the tapes was achieved using a silver powder filled conductive epoxy resin. Ac-losses of a short sample in an external ac field were measured as a function of frequency and field amplitude in transverse and parallel field orientations. In addition, the coupling current time constant of the sample was directly measured.

Upgrades to the NSTX HHFW antenna

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ellis, R.; Brunkhorst, C.; Hosea, J.

2014-02-01

The High Harmonic Fast Wave (HHFW) antenna for the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) at PPPL will be upgraded as part of the NSTX upgrade project. Higher magnetic fields and plasma current result in disruption forces on the current straps that can be up to four times the original design values. The current straps on the HHFW antenna are presently fed by coaxial feedthroughs with rigid center conductors. The additional forces on the current straps require a compliant section in the center conductor in order to minimize the forces on the feedthrough. The design of this compliant section has been an integrated effort involving electrostatic calculations in parallel with mechanical and thermal analyses, in order to arrive at a design that is optimized for mechanical, thermal and electrical considerations. The voltage standoff obtained from this design will be verified when a prototype antenna is evaluated on our RF test stand. This paper describes the design of the compliant section of the center conductor, mechanical, thermal and electrostatic calculations, and plans for full implementation of the upgrade on NSTX.

Hybrid electrolytes for lithium metal batteries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Keller, Marlou; Varzi, Alberto; Passerini, Stefano

2018-07-01

This perspective article discusses the most recent developments in the field of hybrid electrolytes, here referred to electrolytes composed of two, well-defined ion-conducting phases, for high energy density lithium metal batteries. The two phases can be both solid, as e.g., two inorganic conductors or one inorganic and one polymer conductor, or, differently, one liquid and one inorganic conductor. In this latter case, they are referred as quasi-solid hybrid electrolytes. Techniques for the appropriate characterization of hybrid electrolytes are discussed emphasizing the importance of ionic conduction and interfacial properties. On this view, multilayer systems are also discussed in more detail. Investigations on Lewis acid-base interactions, activation energies for lithium-ion transfer between the phases, and the formation of an interphase between the components are reviewed and analyzed. The application of different hybrid electrolytes in lithium metal cells with various cathode compositions is also discussed. Fabrication methods for the feasibility of large-scale applications are briefly analyzed and different cell designs and configurations, which are most suitable for the integration of hybrid electrolytes, are determined. Finally, the specific energy of cells containing different hybrid electrolytes is estimated to predict possible enhancement in energy with respect to the current lithium-ion battery technology.

First-principles study of hydrogen-bonded molecular conductor κ -H3(Cat-EDT-TTF/ST)2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tsumuraya, Takao; Seo, Hitoshi; Kato, Reizo; Miyazaki, Tsuyoshi

2015-07-01

We theoretically study hydrogen-bonded molecular conductors synthesized recently, κ -H3(Cat-EDT-TTF) 2 and its diselena analog, κ -H3(Cat-EDT-ST) 2, by first-principles density functional theory calculations. In these crystals, two H(Cat-EDT-TTF/ST) units share a hydrogen atom with a short O-H-O hydrogen bond. The calculated band structure near the Fermi level shows a quasi-two-dimensional character with a rather large interlayer dispersion due to the absence of insulating layers, in contrast with conventional molecular conductors. We discuss effective low-energy models based on H(Cat-EDT-TTF/ST) units and its dimers, respectively, where the microscopic character of the orbitals composing them are analyzed. Furthermore, we find a stable structure which is different from the experimentally determined structure, where the shared hydrogen atom becomes localized to one of the oxygen atoms, in which charge disproportionation between the two types of H(Cat-EDT-TTF) units is associated. The calculated potential energy surface for the H atom is very shallow near the minimum points; therefore the probability of the H atom can be delocalized between the two O atoms.

Experimentally determined transport and magnetization ac losses of small cable models constructed from YBCO coated conductors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Šouc, J.; Vojenčiak, M.; Gömöry, F.

2010-04-01

Several short cable models were constructed from YBCO coated conductor (YBCO CC) to study their basic dc and ac electrical properties. They were prepared using superconducting tapes helically wound on fiberglass former of different diameter (5, 8 and 10 mm) with different twist pitch (from 1.7 up to 2.4 cm). The number of parallel-connected tapes ranged from 1 up to 6. The standard length of the models was 11 cm. In one case a 35 cm long model has been manufactured in order to perform a bending test. We observed that the critical currents of the models were proportional to the number of tapes used for their construction. Transport and magnetization ac loss were measured at 36 and 72 Hz.

Advanced CerMet ceramic composites for medical applications.

PubMed

Dittmer, Robert; Schaefer, Christian M; Fischer, Jean-Francois; Hausch, Ulrich; Troetzschel, Jens; Specht, Heiko

2017-11-01

Implantable active devices such as pacemakers are facing rigorous requirements. Because they reside within the body for years, materials applied in this surrounding must exhibit biocompatibility and extraordinary reliability. They also have to provide a number of functional properties. In this work we present a method that enables the realization of a highly complex profile of properties by means of a dual composite approach. Using multilayer technology, an electrical conductor is embedded into a ceramic matrix, thus, creating conductive paths that are insulated from each other. In addition to this macroscopically hybrid architecture, this approach features a second composite aspect: the conductor is not composed of a single metallic phase, but is a ceramic-metal mixture. Owing to its interpenetrating microstructure, this CerMet allows for a strong and hermetic integration of the conductor into the ceramic matrix otherwise impossible due to mismatch in thermal expansion. In fact, the CerMet ceramic composite exhibits a higher strength than the pure ceramic as revealed by a three-point bending test study. At the same time, the CerMet offers high and virtually metal-like conductor properties, enabling a down-scaling of the conductive paths to 150µm diameter and smaller. Furthermore, the described composite is biocompatible, non-magnetic, and chemically inert, which is vital for the application in active, implantable, medical devices. Beside the general fabrication route, we present the microstructural, functional, and mechanical properties of this newly developed class of dual composites. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A linear induction motor with a coated conductor superconducting secondary

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Xin; Zheng, Shijun; Li, Jing; Ma, Guang Tong; Yen, Fei

2018-07-01

A linear induction motor system composed of a high-Tc superconducting secondary with close-ended coils made of REBCO coated conductor wire was designed and tested experimentally. The measured thrust, normal force and power loss are presented and explained by combining the flux dynamics inside superconductors with existing linear drive theory. It is found that an inherent capacitive component associated to the flux motion of vortices in the Type-II superconductor reduces the impedance of the coils; from such, the associated Lorentz forces are drastically increased. The resulting breakout thrust of the designed linear motor system was found to be extremely high (up to 4.7 kN/m2) while the associated normal forces only a fraction of the thrust. Compared to its conventional counterparts, high-Tc superconducting secondaries appear to be more feasible for use in maglev propulsion and electromagnetic launchers.

Analysis of current distribution in a large superconductor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hamajima, Takataro; Alamgir, A. K. M.; Harada, Naoyuki; Tsuda, Makoto; Ono, Michitaka; Takano, Hirohisa

An imbalanced current distribution which is often observed in cable-in-conduit (CIC) superconductors composed of multistaged, triplet type sub-cables, can deteriorate the performance of the coils. It is, hence very important to analyze the current distribution in a superconductor and find out methods to realize a homogeneous current distribution in the conductor. We apply magnetic flux conservation in a loop contoured by electric center lines of filaments in two arbitrary strands located on adjacent layers in a coaxial multilayer superconductor, and thereby analyze the current distribution in the conductor. A generalized formula governing the current distribution can be described as explicit functions of the superconductor construction parameters, such as twist pitch, twist direction and radius of individual layer. We numerically analyze a homogeneous current distribution as a function of the twist pitches of layers, using the fundamental formula. Moreover, it is demonstrated that we can control current distribution in the coaxial superconductor.

PREFACE: MEM07: The 5th Annual Workshop on Mechanical and Electromagnetic Properties of Composite Superconductors (Princeton, NJ, USA, 21 24 August 2007)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Larbalestier, D. C.; Osamura, K.; Hampshire, D. P.

2008-05-01

MEM07 was the 5th international workshop concentrating on the mechanical and electrical properties of composite superconductors, which are the technological conductor forms from which practical superconducting devices are made. Such superconducting conductors respond to important challenges we currently face, especially those concerned with the proper management of the world's energy resources. Superconductivity provides a means to address the challenges in the generation, transmission and distribution, and use of energy. For energy generation, the ITER Fusion Tokomak (now underway in France) provides exciting new challenges for the whole superconductivity community, due to the enormous size and strong fields of the plasma confinement superconducting magnets that will form the largest and most powerful superconducting machine yet built. Significant attention was paid at MEM07 to the modeling, characterization, testing and validation of the high-amperage Nb3Sn cable-in-conduit conductors needed for ITER. As for electric energy industry uses, there was much discussion of both first generation (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox conductors and the rapidly emerging second generation coated conductors made from YBa2Cu37-x. High-performing, affordable conductors of these materials are vital for large capacity transmission cables, energy storage systems, fault current limiters, generators and motors—many prototypes of which are being pursued in technologically advanced countries. There is a broad consensus that the prototype stage for high-current-high-field superconducting applications is nearing its end and that large scale applications are technologically feasible. However full industrialization of large-scale superconducting technologies in electric utility applications will benefit from continuous improvement in critical current, lower ac loss, higher strength and other vital conductor properties. The establishment of optimal procedures for the system design accompanying scale-up is a second vital task. As system design is dependent on material development, there is a critical need to study the key issues in developing high performance superconducting materials. The emphases of MEM07 were The mechanical properties of superconductors including the influence of stress and strain on the critical current of practical conductors including YBCO and ReBCO coated conductors, BSCCO tapes, MgB2 wires and Nb3Sn filamentary conductors. The intrinsic strain effects on critical current density in Nb3Sn, YBCO, BSCCO and MgB2. Recent advances in critical current, the mechanical properties and the reduction in ac losses of HTS tapes and wires. The compositional and microstructural dependence of E-J characteristics and explanations based on flux pinning, grain boundary weak-links and other mechanisms. Standardized test-methods: international cooperative research work to establish test methods for assessing the mechano-electromagnetic properties of superconductors based on the activities of IEC/TC90 and VAMAS/TWA-16. More than 60 researchers from more than 12 countries attended the MEM07 workshop, and about 40 presentations were made. A small selection of papers (15) from the workshop are included in this special issue of Superconductor Science and Technology. Taken together with papers published at earlier MEM meetings, this issue provides an updated view of some of the current state-of-the-art research in the mechano-electromagnetic properties of composite superconductors. The workshop was organized under the activities of the NEDO Grant Project (Applied Superconductivity, 2004EA004) and VAMAS/TWA-16. The meeting was organized by a committee composed of David Larbalestier (Conference Chair) aided by MEM05 and MEM06 Conference Chairs Kozo Osamura (Research Institute for Applied Sciences, Kyoto, Japan), Damian Hampshire (Durham University, UK) and Arman Nyilas (CEME). The Program Committee was composed of Ettore Salpietro (European Fusion Development Agreement), Neil Mitchell (ITER), Kozo Osamura, Damian Hampshire and Arman Nyilas. We express our great thanks to all those whose efforts were key in organizing the meeting, with very special thanks to our Meeting Planner Kate Liu who organized matters large and small with discretion and great efficiency.

Performance evaluation and comparison of three-terminal energy selective electron devices with different connective ways and filter configurations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peng, Wanli; Zhang, Yanchao; Yang, Zhimin; Chen, Jincan

2018-02-01

Three-terminal energy selective electron (ESE) devices consisting of three electronic reservoirs connected by two energy filters and an electronic conductor with negligible resistance may work as ESE refrigerators and amplifiers. They have three possible connective ways for the electronic conductor and six electronic transmission forms. The configuration of energy filters may be described by the different transmission functions such as the rectangular and Lorentz transmission functions. The ESE devices with three connective ways can be, respectively, regarded as three equivalent hybrid systems composed of an ESE heat engine and an ESE refrigerator/heat pump. With the help of the theory of the ESE devices operated between two electronic reservoirs, the coefficients of performance and cooling rates (heat-pumping rates) of hybrid systems are directly derived. The general performance characteristics of hybrid systems are revealed. The optimal regions of these devices are determined. The performances of the devices with three connective ways of the electronic conductor and two configurations of energy filters are compared in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of each of three-terminal ESE devices are expounded. The results obtained here may provide some guidance for the optimal design and operation of three-terminal ESE devices.

Electrical structure of Newberry Volcano, Oregon

USGS Publications Warehouse

Fitterman, D.V.; Stanley, W.D.; Bisdorf, R.J.

1988-01-01

From the interpretation of magnetotelluric, transient electromagnetic, and Schlumberger resistivity soundings, the electrical structure of Newberry Volcano in central Oregon is found to consist of four units. From the surface downward, the geoelectrical units are 1) very resistive, young, unaltered volcanic rock, (2) a conductive layer of older volcanic material composed of altered tuffs, 3) a thick resistive layer thought to be in part intrusive rocks, and 4) a lower-crustal conductor. This model is similar to the regional geoelectrical structure found throughout the Cascade Range. Inside the caldera, the conductive second layer corresponds to the steep temperature gradient and alteration minerals observed in the USGS Newberry 2 test-hole. Drill hole information on the south and north flanks of the volcano (test holes GEO N-1 and GEO N-3, respectively) indicates that outside the caldera the conductor is due to alteration minerals (primarily smectite) and not high-temperature pore fluids. On the flanks of Newberry the conductor is generally deeper than inside the caldera, and it deepens with distance from the summit. A notable exception to this pattern is seen just west of the caldera rim, where the conductive zone is shallower than at other flank locations. The volcano sits atop a rise in the resistive layer, interpreted to be due to intrusive rocks. -from Authors

Least squares reconstruction of non-linear RF phase encoded MR data.

PubMed

Salajeghe, Somaie; Babyn, Paul; Sharp, Jonathan C; Sarty, Gordon E

2016-09-01

The numerical feasibility of reconstructing MRI signals generated by RF coils that produce B1 fields with a non-linearly varying spatial phase is explored. A global linear spatial phase variation of B1 is difficult to produce from current confined to RF coils. Here we use regularized least squares inversion, in place of the usual Fourier transform, to reconstruct signals generated in B1 fields with non-linear phase variation. RF encoded signals were simulated for three RF coil configurations: ideal linear, parallel conductors and, circular coil pairs. The simulated signals were reconstructed by Fourier transform and by regularized least squares. The Fourier reconstruction of simulated RF encoded signals from the parallel conductor coil set showed minor distortions over the reconstruction of signals from the ideal linear coil set but the Fourier reconstruction of signals from the circular coil set produced severe geometric distortion. Least squares inversion in all cases produced reconstruction errors comparable to the Fourier reconstruction of the simulated signal from the ideal linear coil set. MRI signals encoded in B1 fields with non-linearly varying spatial phase may be accurately reconstructed using regularized least squares thus pointing the way to the use of simple RF coil designs for RF encoded MRI. Crown Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Optimized design of a low-resistance electrical conductor for the multimegahertz range

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kurs, André; Kesler, Morris; Johnson, Steven G.

2011-04-01

We propose a design for a conductive wire composed of several mutually insulated coaxial conducting shells. With the help of numerical optimization, it is possible to obtain electrical resistances significantly lower than those of a heavy-gauge copper wire or litz wire in the 2-20 MHz range. Moreover, much of the reduction in resistance can be achieved for just a few shells; in contrast, litz wire would need to contain ˜104 strands to perform comparably in this frequency range.

In-situ, Nanosecond, High Resolution TEM Instrumentation for Multi-Disciplinary Research and Education in Nanomaterials

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-10-30

rotation of the tilt table (Figure 3b). A torsion spring pushes the tilt table against the push bar, so that contact is maintained (Figure 3a). The tilt...designed flexible circuit board (Figure 3a), composed of copper conductors patterned on top of vacuum-compatible kapton polymer. The flexibility of...this board is important so that it does not hinder rotation of the tilt-table. The flexible PCB extends into the hollow holder shaft, and interfaces

Magnetization Losses in Multiply Connected YBa2Cu3O6+x-Coated Conductors (Postprint)

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-02-01

time-varying magnetic field. In these samples, the superconducting layer is divided into parallel stripes segregated by nonsuperconducting grooves... superconducting bridges is superimposed on the striated film. We find that the presence of the bridges does not substantially increase the magnetization ...perature of 10 K and then the field was turned off. As the result, the magnetic flux was trapped in the superconducting stripes bright bands

Lithospheric scale conductivity anomalies at the Proterozoic-Phanerozoic transition of Australia- Insights from AusLAMP MT data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Robertson, K. E.; Thiel, S.; Heinson, G. S.

2017-12-01

The intraplate deformation of the north-south trending Neoproterozoic Ikara-Flinders Ranges in South Australia, Australia, draws interest due to its high heat flow, elevated seismicity and the presence of diamondiferous kimberlites and mineral deposits. To the west lies the highly prospective Archean-Paleoproterozoic Gawler Craton, boasting the world's largest IOCG-U deposit, Olympic Dam. The Paleo-Mesoproterozoic Curnamona Province lies to the east, thought to have once been connected to the Gawler Craton and host to the world-class Broken Hill Ag-Pb-Zn deposit. A total of 162 long-period (10 s - 10,000 s) magnetotelluric (MT) stations from the Australia-wide AusLAMP (Australian Lithospheric Architecture Magnetotelluric Project) dataset were used to image the electrical resistivity beneath the Ikara-Flinders Ranges and adjacent Curnamona Province. The most recent acquisition extends this survey region northward to an area predominantly covered with Paleo-Mesozoic sedimentary basins including the most significant on-shore oil and gas region in Australia, the Cooper Basin. The resultant model from 3D inversions using ModEM software shows a relatively resistive Ikara-Flinders Ranges, with two parallel arcuate conductors (the WNAC and ENAC) at 20 to 80 km depth in the Nackara Arc. These conductors correlate well with locations of diamondiferous kimberlites which suggests that the conductors may have derived from the ascent of carbon-rich kimberlite-hosting magma and volatiles up large lithospheric scale structures. The conductors appear to have no correlation with regions of intraplate seismicity within the Ikara-Flinders Ranges which may mean that enhanced pore fluid pressure is not the main cause for the seismicity as was recently proposed. A large conductor covering most of the Curnamona Province (the CC) extends over depths of 10-40 km. The Curnamona Province's most recent tectonothermal activity is from Delamerian reworking during the Cambrian at its margins but is thought to exhibit a mostly cratonic core, supported by high wavespeeds imaged using seismic tomography. Given the pervasive nature of the conductor, it is attributed to a widespread fossil fluid flux event, perhaps either a long-lived response from Olarian (1.6 Ga) subduction-related fluids or a more recent event.

Facile Supramolecular Processing of Carbon Nanotubes and Polymers for Electromechanical Sensors.

PubMed

Kim, Chae Bin; Jeong, Ki Beom; Yang, Beom Joo; Song, Jong-Won; Ku, Bon-Cheol; Lee, Seunghyun; Lee, Seoung-Ki; Park, Chiyoung

2017-12-18

We herein report a facile, cost-competitive, and scalable method for producing viscoelastic conductors via one-pot melt-blending using polymers and supramolecular gels composed of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), diphenylamine (DP), and benzophenone (BP). When mixed, a non-volatile eutectic liquid (EL) produced by simply blending DP with BP (1:1 molar ratio) enabled not only the gelation of CNTs (EL-CNTs) but also the dissolution of a number of commodity polymers. To make use of these advantages, viscoelastic conductors were produced via one-pot melt-blending the EL and CNTs with a model thermoplastic elastomer, poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene) (SBS, styrene 30 wt %). The resulting composites displayed an excellent electromechanical sensory along with re-mendable properties. This simple method using cost-competitive EL components is expected to provide an alternative to the use of expensive ionic liquids as well as to facilitate the fabrication of novel composites for various purposes. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Magnetophoretic circuits for digital control of single particles and cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lim, Byeonghwa; Reddy, Venu; Hu, Xinghao; Kim, Kunwoo; Jadhav, Mital; Abedini-Nassab, Roozbeh; Noh, Young-Woock; Lim, Yong Taik; Yellen, Benjamin B.; Kim, Cheolgi

2014-05-01

The ability to manipulate small fluid droplets, colloidal particles and single cells with the precision and parallelization of modern-day computer hardware has profound applications for biochemical detection, gene sequencing, chemical synthesis and highly parallel analysis of single cells. Drawing inspiration from general circuit theory and magnetic bubble technology, here we demonstrate a class of integrated circuits for executing sequential and parallel, timed operations on an ensemble of single particles and cells. The integrated circuits are constructed from lithographically defined, overlaid patterns of magnetic film and current lines. The magnetic patterns passively control particles similar to electrical conductors, diodes and capacitors. The current lines actively switch particles between different tracks similar to gated electrical transistors. When combined into arrays and driven by a rotating magnetic field clock, these integrated circuits have general multiplexing properties and enable the precise control of magnetizable objects.

In situ hydrostatic pressure induced improvement of critical current density and suppression of magnetic relaxation in Y(Dy0.5)Ba2Cu3O7‑δ coated conductors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sang, Lina; Gutiérrez, Joffre; Cai, Chuanbing; Dou, Shixue; Wang, Xiaolin

2018-07-01

We report on the effect of in situ hydrostatic pressure on the enhancement of the in-magnetic-field critical current density parallel to the crystallographic c-axis and vortex pinning in epitaxial Y(Dy0.5)Ba2Cu3O7‑δ coated conductors prepared by metal organic deposition. Our results show that in situ hydrostatic pressure greatly enhances the critical current density at high fields and high temperatures. At 80 K and 5 T we observe a ten-fold increase in the critical current density under the pressure of 1.2 GPa, and the irreversibility line is shifted to higher fields without changing the critical temperature. The normalized magnetic relaxation rate shows that vortex creep rates are strongly suppressed due to applied pressure, and the pinning energy is significantly increased based on the collective creep theory. After releasing the pressure, we recover the original superconducting properties. Therefore, we speculate that the in situ hydrostatic pressure exerted on the coated conductor enhances the pinning of existing extended defects. This is totally different from what has been observed in REBa2Cu3O7‑δ melt-textured crystals, where the effect of pressure generates point-like defects.

Transmission acoustic microscopy investigation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maev, Roman; Kolosov, Oleg; Levin, Vadim; Lobkis, Oleg

The nature of acoustic contrast, i.e. the connection of the amplitude and phase of the output signal of the acoustic microscope with the local values of the acoustic parameters of the sample (density, elasticity, viscosity) is a central problem of acoustic microscopy. A considerable number of studies have been devoted to the formation of the output signal of the reflection scanning acoustic microscope. For the transmission acoustic microscope (TAM) this problem has remained almost unstudied. Experimental investigation of the confocal system of the TAM was carried out on an independently manufactured laboratory mockup of the TAM with the working frequency of the 420 MHz. Acoustic lenses with the radius of curvature of about 500 microns and aperture angle of 45 deg were polished out in the end faces of two cylindrical sound conductors made from Al2O3 single crystals with an axis parallel to the axis C of the crystal (the length of the sound conductor is 20 mm; diameter, 6 mm). At the end faces of the sound conductor, opposite to the lenses, CdS transducers with a diameter of 2 mm were disposed. The electric channel of the TAM provided a possibility for registering the amplitude of the microscope output signal in the case of the dynamic range of the 50 dB.

Decomposing the electromagnetic response of magnetic dipoles to determine the geometric parameters of a dipole conductor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Desmarais, Jacques K.; Smith, Richard S.

2016-03-01

A novel automatic data interpretation algorithm is presented for modelling airborne electromagnetic (AEM) data acquired over resistive environments, using a single-component (vertical) transmitter, where the position and orientation of a dipole conductor is allowed to vary in three dimensions. The algorithm assumes that the magnetic fields produced from compact vortex currents are expressed as a linear combinations of the fields arising from dipoles in the subsurface oriented parallel to the [1, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0], and [0, 0, 1], unit vectors. In this manner, AEM responses can be represented as 12 terms. The relative size of each term in the decomposition can be used to determine geometrical information about the orientation of the subsurface conductivity structure. The geometrical parameters of the dipole (location, depth, dip, strike) are estimated using a combination of a look-up table and a matrix inverted in a least-squares sense. Tests on 703 synthetic models show that the algorithm is capable of extracting most of the correct geometrical parameters of a dipole conductor when three-component receiver data is included in the interpretation procedure. The algorithm is unstable when the target is perfectly horizontal, as the strike is undefined. Ambiguities may occur in predicting the orientation of the dipole conductor if y-component data is excluded from the analysis. Application of our approach to an anomaly on line 15 of the Reid Mahaffy test site yields geometrical parameters in reasonable agreement with previous authors. However, our algorithm provides additional information on the strike and offset from the traverse line of the conductor. Disparities in the values of predicted dip and depth are within the range of numerical precision. The index of fit was better when strike and offset were included in the interpretation procedure. Tests on the data from line 15701 of the Chibougamau MEGATEM survey shows that the algorithm is applicable to situations where three-component AEM data is available.

Reactor vessel annealing system

DOEpatents

Miller, Phillip E.; Katz, Leonoard R.; Nath, Raymond J.; Blaushild, Ronald M.; Tatch, Michael D.; Kordalski, Frank J.; Wykstra, Donald T.; Kavalkovich, William M.

1991-01-01

A system for annealing a vessel (14) in situ by heating the vessel (14) to a defined temperature, composed of: an electrically operated heater assembly (10) insertable into the vessel (14) for heating the vessel (14) to the defined temperature; temperature monitoring components positioned relative to the heater assembly (10) for monitoring the temperature of the vessel (14); a controllable electric power supply unit (32-60) for supplying electric power required by the heater assembly (10); a control unit (80-86) for controlling the power supplied by the power supply unit (32-60); a first vehicle (2) containing the power supply unit (32-60); a second vehicle (4) containing the control unit (80-86); power conductors (18,22) connectable between the power supply unit (32-60) and the heater unit (10) for delivering the power supplied by the power supply unit (32-60) to the heater assembly (10); signal conductors (20,24) connectable between the temperature monitoring components and the control unit (80-86) for delivering temperature indicating signals from the temperature monitoring components to the control unit (80-86); and control conductors (8) connectable between the control unit (80-86) and the power supply unit (32-60) for delivering to the power supply unit (32-60) control signals for controlling the level of power supplied by the power supply unit (32-60) to the heater assembly (10).

High Speed FETs Fabricated in GaAs/AlGaAs Layered Structures Prepared by Molecular Beam Epitaxy.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-01-01

but proper measures, such as improved ohmic con - tacts, metal conductors and small geometrics are useful. In digital circuit applications in addition to...heterointerface encounter reduced scattering by ionized donors located in AlGaAs layer, the current con - ducting channel must be parallel to the...ments apply to the velocity saturated MOSFET as well. For the MESFET, in con - trast, the transconductance increases with increasing gate biases, since

Synthesis and structure of novel lithium-ion conductor Li{sub 7}Ge{sub 3}PS{sub 12}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Inoue, Yuki; Suzuki, Kota; Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori, Yokohama 226-8502

The novel lithium-ion conductor Li{sub 7}Ge{sub 3}PS{sub 12} was synthesized by slow cooling from the ternary Li{sub 2}S–GeS{sub 2}–P{sub 2}S{sub 5} system, and was shown to exhibit a cubic argyrodite-type structure. The phase composition was determined by varying the ratio of starting materials; the observed monophasic properties were close to those for the Li{sub 7}Ge{sub 3}PS{sub 12} composition. The lattice parameter (a =9.80192(3) Å) of Li{sub 7}Ge{sub 3}PS{sub 12} was slightly smaller than that of Li{sub 7}PS{sub 6} (a =9.993 Å), indicating that substitution of a Li cation by the smaller Ge cation contracted the cubic lattice. In addition, themore » novel structure consisted of a framework composed of four isolated (Ge/P)S{sub 4} tetrahedra. Li{sup +} ions occupied tetrahedral sites within the framework, forming a three-dimensional conduction pathway. Finally, Li{sub 7}Ge{sub 3}PS{sub 12} exhibited a high ionic conductivity of 1.1×10{sup −4} S cm{sup −1} at 25 °C and an activation energy of 25 kJ mol{sup −1}. - Graphical abstract: A novel Li{sub 7}Ge{sub 3}PS{sub 12} solid lithium ion conductor, with cubic argyrodite strucuture, shows high ion conductivity of 1.1×10{sup –4} S cm{sup –1} with an activation energy of 25 kJ mol{sup –1}. The argyrodite structure consists of (Ge/P)S{sub 4} tetrahedra units along with partial occupation of lithium and germanium at 48 h site. - Highlights: • A novel lithium-ion conductor Li{sub 7}Ge{sub 3}PS{sub 12} was detected. • This was achieved through slow cooling of the ternary Li{sub 2}S–GeS{sub 2}–P{sub 2}S{sub 5} system. • This novel conductor revealed a cubic argyrodite-type structure. • Li{sub 7}Ge{sub 3}PS{sub 12} exhibited a high ionic conductivity of 1.1×10{sup −4} S cm{sup −1} at 25 °C. • These properties will aid in the design of superior lithium-ion conductors.« less

A New Comprehensive Lightning Instrumentation System for Pad 39B at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mata, Carlos T.; Rakov, Vladimir A.; Mata, Angel G.; Bonilla Tatiana; Navedo, Emmanuel; Snyder, Gary P.

2010-01-01

A new comprehensive lightning instrumentation system has been designed for Launch Complex 39B at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida. This new instrumentation system includes the synchronized recording of six high-speed video cameras, currents through the nine downconductors of the new lightning protection system, four B-dot, 3-axis measurement stations, and five D-dot stations composed of two antennas each. The instrumentation system is composed of centralized transient recorders and digitizers that located close to the sensors in the field. The sensors and transient recorders communicate via optical fiber. The transient recorders are triggered by the B-dot sensors, the E-dot sensors, or the current through the downlead conductors. The high-speed cameras are triggered by the transient recorders when the latter perceives a qualified trigger.

Experimental Study of a Pack of Supercapacitors Used in Electric Vehicles.

PubMed

Mansour, Amari; Mohamed Hedi, Chabchoub; Faouzi, Bacha

2017-01-01

Electric vehicles have recently attracted research interest. An electric vehicle is composed of two energy sources, such as fuel cells and ultracapacitors, which are employed to provide, respectively, the steady-state and transient power demanded by the vehicle. A bidirectional DC-DC converter is needed to interface the ultracapacitor to a DC bus. The pack of ultracapacitor consists of many cells in series and possibly also in parallel. In this regard, this paper introduces a comparative study between two packs of supercapacitors. The first supercapacitor pack is composed of ten cells in series but the second supercapacitor pack is composed of five cells in series and two parallel circuits. Each cell is characterized by 2.5 V and 100 F. A number of practical tests are presented.

Experimental Study of a Pack of Supercapacitors Used in Electric Vehicles

PubMed Central

Mohamed Hedi, Chabchoub

2017-01-01

Electric vehicles have recently attracted research interest. An electric vehicle is composed of two energy sources, such as fuel cells and ultracapacitors, which are employed to provide, respectively, the steady-state and transient power demanded by the vehicle. A bidirectional DC-DC converter is needed to interface the ultracapacitor to a DC bus. The pack of ultracapacitor consists of many cells in series and possibly also in parallel. In this regard, this paper introduces a comparative study between two packs of supercapacitors. The first supercapacitor pack is composed of ten cells in series but the second supercapacitor pack is composed of five cells in series and two parallel circuits. Each cell is characterized by 2.5 V and 100 F. A number of practical tests are presented. PMID:28894785

Rippled disc electrostatic generator/motor configurations utilizing magnetic insulation

DOEpatents

Post, Richard F

2017-04-04

Electrostatic generators/motors designs are provided that generally may include a first rippled stator centered about a longitudinal axis; a second rippled stator centered about the axis, a first rippled rotor centered about the axis and located between the first rippled stator and the second rippled stator. A magnetic field having field lines about parallel with the average plane of at least one of the first rippled stator or the second rippled stator is provided with either a Halbach array configuration or a conductor array configuration.

The microlasertron: An efficient switched-power source of mm wavelength radiation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Palmer, R.B.

1986-12-01

An extension of W. Willis' ''Switched Power Linac'' is studied. Pulsed laser light falls on a photocathode wire, or wires, within a simple resonant structure. The resulting pulsed electron current between the wire and the structure wall drives the resonant field, and rf energy is extracted in the mm to cm wavelength range. Various geometries are presented, including one consisting of a simple array of parallel wires over a plane conductor. Results from a one-dimensional simulation are presented.

Experimental Study of Arcing on High-voltage Solar Arrays

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vayner, Boris; Galofaro, Joel; Ferguson, Dale

2005-01-01

The main obstacle to the implementation of a high-voltage solar array in space is arcing on the conductor-dielectric junctions exposed to the surrounding plasma. One obvious solution to this problem would be the installation of fully encapsulated solar arrays which were not having exposed conductors at all. However, there are many technological difficulties that must be overcome before the employment of fully encapsulated arrays will turn into reality. An alternative solution to raise arc threshold by modifications of conventionally designed solar arrays looks more appealing, at least in the nearest future. A comprehensive study of arc inception mechanism [1-4] suggests that such modifications can be done in the following directions: i) to insulate conductor-dielectric junction from a plasma environment (wrapthrough interconnects); ii) to change a coverglass geometry (overhang); iii) to increase a coverglass thickness; iiii) to outgas areas of conductor-dielectric junctions. The operation of high-voltage array in LEO produces also the parasitic current power drain on the electrical system. Moreover, the current collected from space plasma by solar arrays determines the spacecraft floating potential that is very important for the design of spacecraft and its scientific apparatus. In order to verify the validity of suggested modifications and to measure current collection five different solar array samples have been tested in large vacuum chamber. Each sample (36 silicon based cells) consists of three strings containing 12 cells connected in series. Thus, arc rate and current collection can be measured on every string independently, or on a whole sample when strings are connected in parallel. The heater installed in the chamber provides the possibility to test samples under temperature as high as 80 C that simulates the LEO operational temperature. The experimental setup is described below.

Experimental Study of Arcing on High-Voltage Solar Arrays

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vayner, Boris; Galofaro, Joel; Ferguson, Dale

2003-01-01

The main obstacle to the implementation of a high-voltage solar array in space is arcing on the conductor-dielectric junctions exposed to the surrounding plasma. One obvious solution to this problem would be the installation of fully encapsulated solar arrays which were not having exposed conductors at all. However, there are many technological difficulties that must be overcome before the employment of fully encapsulated arrays will turn into reality. An alternative solution to raise arc threshold by modifications of conventionally designed solar arrays looks more appealing, at least in the nearest future. A comprehensive study of arc inception mechanism suggests that such modifications can be done in the following directions: 1) To insulate conductor-dielectric junction from a plasma environment (wrapthrough interconnects); 2) To change a coverglass geometry (overhang); 3) To increase a coverglass thickness; 4) To outgas areas of conductor-dielectric junctions. The operation of high-voltage array in LEO produces also the parasitic current power drain on the electrical system. Moreover, the current collected from space plasma by solar arrays determines the spacecraft floating potential that is very important for the design of spacecraft and its scientific apparatus. In order to verify the validity of suggested modifications and to measure current collection five different solar array samples have been tested in a large vacuum chamber. Each sample (36 silicon based cells) consists of three strings containing 12 cells connected in series. Thus, arc rate and current collection can be measured on every string independently, or on a whole sample when strings are connected in parallel. The heater installed in the chamber provides the possibility to test samples under temperature as high as 80 C that stimulates the LEO operational temperature. The experimental setup is described below.

An active homopolar magnetic bearing with high temperature superconductor (HTS) coils and ferromagnetic cores

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brown, G. V.; Dirusso, E.; Provenza, A. J.

1995-01-01

A proof-of-feasibility demonstration showed that high temperature superconductor (HTS) coils can be used in a high-load, active magnetic bearing in liquid nitrogen. A homopolar radial bearing with commercially wound HTS (Bi 2223) bias and control coils produced over 200 lb (890 N) radial load capacity (measured non-rotating) and supported a shaft to 14000 rpm. The goal was to show that HTS coils can operate stably with ferromagnetic cores in a feedback controlled system at a current density similar to that in Cu in liquid nitrogen. Design compromises permitted use of circular coils with rectangular cross section. Conductor improvements will eventually permit coil shape optimization, higher current density and higher bearing load capacity. The bias coil, wound with non-twisted, multifilament HTS conductor, required negligible power to carry its direct current. The control coils were wound with monofilament HTS sheathed in Ag. These dissipated negligible power for direct current (i.e. for steady radial load components). When an alternating current (AC) was added, the AC component dissipated power which increased rapidly with frequency and quadratically with AC amplitude. In fact at frequencies above about 2 hz, the effective resistance of the control coil conductor actually exceeds that of the silver which is in electrical parallel with the oxide superconductor. This is at least qualitatively understandable in the context of a Bean-type model of flux and current penetration into a Type II superconductor. Fortunately the dynamic currents required for bearing stability are of small amplitude. These results show that while twisted multifilament conductor is not needed for stable levitation, twisted multifilaments will be required to reduce control power for sizable dynamic loads, such as those due to unbalance.

A 5.9 tesla conduction-cooled coil composed of a stack of four single pancakes wound with YBCO wide tapes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Iwai, Sadanori; Miyazaki, Hiroshi; Tosaka, Taizo; Tasaki, Kenji; Urata, Masami; Ioka, Shigeru; Ishii, Yusuke

2013-11-01

We have been developing a conduction-cooled coil wound with YBCO-coated conductors for HTS applications. Previously, we have fabricated a coil composed of a stack of 12 single pancakes wound with 4 mm-wide YBCO tapes. This coil had a central magnetic field as high as 5.1 T at 10 K under conduction-cooled conditions. In the present study, we fabricated and tested a coil composed of a stack of four single pancakes wound with 12 mm-wide YBCO tapes. The total size of the coil and the Jc value of the tapes were almost the same as those of the former coil. At 77 K, the voltage-current characteristics showed a high n-value of 24, confirming that the coil had no degradation. Furthermore, in a conduction-cooled configuration at 20 K to 60 K, the coil showed a high n-value of over 20. At 20 K, the central magnetic field reached 5.9 T at 903 A, which is 1.3-times higher than that of the former coil.

Device for balancing parallel strings

DOEpatents

Mashikian, Matthew S.

1985-01-01

A battery plant is described which features magnetic circuit means in association with each of the battery strings in the battery plant for balancing the electrical current flow through the battery strings by equalizing the voltage across each of the battery strings. Each of the magnetic circuit means generally comprises means for sensing the electrical current flow through one of the battery strings, and a saturable reactor having a main winding connected electrically in series with the battery string, a bias winding connected to a source of alternating current and a control winding connected to a variable source of direct current controlled by the sensing means. Each of the battery strings is formed by a plurality of batteries connected electrically in series, and these battery strings are connected electrically in parallel across common bus conductors.

The life, legacy, and premature death of Felix Mendelssohn.

PubMed

Cherington, M; Smith, R; Nielsen, P J

1999-01-01

Felix Mendelssohn is one of the great classical composers of all time. During his short lifetime in the first half of the nineteenth century, he reached enormous heights as a composer, conductor, and leader in the world of music. Nearly one hundred years after his death, the Nazi regime attempted, unsuccessfully, to erase his music and his memory from history. Since the end of World War II, there has been a resurgence in interest in the life and music of Felix Mendelssohn and that of his sister, Fanny. Felix Mendelssohn died in 1947 at the age of 38. Both of his sisters died suddenly at the ages of 42 and 45. There is insufficient laboratory or post-mortem data to make a medical diagnosis with certainty. However, based on the information available to us, we speculate that Mendelssohn suffered a subarachnoid or intracerebral hemorrhage. The differential diagnosis of familial stroke syndrome is discussed.

A new kind of low-inductance transformer type magnetic switch (TTMS) with coaxial cylindrical conductors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yu; Liu, Jinliang

2013-02-01

As important devices for voltage boosting and switching, respectively, pulse transformer and magnetic switch are widely used in pulsed power technology. In this paper, a new kind of transformer type magnetic switch (TTMS) with coaxial cylindrical conductors is put forward to combine the functions of voltage boosting and switching in one power device. As a compact combination device of discrete pulse transformer and magnetic switch, the compact TTMS decreases the required volume of magnetic cores in a large scale. The primary windings of the TTMS have a parallel combination structure so that the TTMS which only has 3 turns of secondary windings has a step-up ratio at 1:9. Before the magnetic core saturates, the TTMS has low unsaturated inductances of windings and good pulse response characteristics, so it can be used to substitute the Marx generator to charge the pulse forming line (PFL) at the ranges of several hundred kV and several hundred ns. After the core saturates, the cylindrical conductors can decrease the saturated inductance of the secondary windings of TTMS to a level less than 400 nH. As a result, the proposed TTMS can be used as the boosting transformer and main switch of helical Blumlein PFL to form the quasi-square voltage pulse on the 160 Ω load with a short pulse rise time only at 60 ns.

A new kind of low-inductance transformer type magnetic switch (TTMS) with coaxial cylindrical conductors.

PubMed

Zhang, Yu; Liu, Jinliang

2013-02-01

As important devices for voltage boosting and switching, respectively, pulse transformer and magnetic switch are widely used in pulsed power technology. In this paper, a new kind of transformer type magnetic switch (TTMS) with coaxial cylindrical conductors is put forward to combine the functions of voltage boosting and switching in one power device. As a compact combination device of discrete pulse transformer and magnetic switch, the compact TTMS decreases the required volume of magnetic cores in a large scale. The primary windings of the TTMS have a parallel combination structure so that the TTMS which only has 3 turns of secondary windings has a step-up ratio at 1:9. Before the magnetic core saturates, the TTMS has low unsaturated inductances of windings and good pulse response characteristics, so it can be used to substitute the Marx generator to charge the pulse forming line (PFL) at the ranges of several hundred kV and several hundred ns. After the core saturates, the cylindrical conductors can decrease the saturated inductance of the secondary windings of TTMS to a level less than 400 nH. As a result, the proposed TTMS can be used as the boosting transformer and main switch of helical Blumlein PFL to form the quasi-square voltage pulse on the 160 Ω load with a short pulse rise time only at 60 ns.

Enhanced critical currents of commercial 2G superconducting coated conductors through proton irradiation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Welp, Ulrich; Leroux, M.; Kihlstrom, K. J.; Kwok, W.-K.; Koshelev, A. E.; Miller, D. J.; Rupich, M. W.; Fleshler, S.; Malozemoff, A. P.; Kayani, A.

2015-03-01

We report on magnetization and transport measurements of the critical current density, Jc, of commercial 2G YBCO coated conductors before and after proton irradiation. The samples were irradiated along the c-axis with 4 MeV protons. Proton irradiation produces a mixed pinning landscape composed of pre-existing rare earth particles and a uniform distribution of irradiation induced nm-sized defects. This pinning landscape strongly reduces the suppression of Jc in magnetic fields resulting in a doubling of Jc in a field of ~ 4T. The irradiation dose-dependence of Jc is characterized by a temperature and field dependent sweat spot that at 5 K and 6 T occurs around 20x1016 p/cm2. Large-scale time dependent Ginzburg-Landau simulations yield a good description of our results. This work supported by the Center for Emergent Superconductivity, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. D.O.E., Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (KK, ML, AEK) and by the D.O.E, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 (UW, WKK).

Synthesis and structure of novel lithium-ion conductor Li7Ge3PS12

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Inoue, Yuki; Suzuki, Kota; Matsui, Naoki; Hirayama, Masaaki; Kanno, Ryoji

2017-02-01

The novel lithium-ion conductor Li7Ge3PS12 was synthesized by slow cooling from the ternary Li2S-GeS2-P2S5 system, and was shown to exhibit a cubic argyrodite-type structure. The phase composition was determined by varying the ratio of starting materials; the observed monophasic properties were close to those for the Li7Ge3PS12 composition. The lattice parameter (a =9.80192(3) Å) of Li7Ge3PS12 was slightly smaller than that of Li7PS6 (a =9.993 Å), indicating that substitution of a Li cation by the smaller Ge cation contracted the cubic lattice. In addition, the novel structure consisted of a framework composed of four isolated (Ge/P)S4 tetrahedra. Li+ ions occupied tetrahedral sites within the framework, forming a three-dimensional conduction pathway. Finally, Li7Ge3PS12 exhibited a high ionic conductivity of 1.1×10-4 S cm-1 at 25 °C and an activation energy of 25 kJ mol-1.

Time-domain analysis of planar microstrip devices using a generalized Yee-algorithm based on unstructured grids

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gedney, Stephen D.; Lansing, Faiza

1993-01-01

The generalized Yee-algorithm is presented for the temporal full-wave analysis of planar microstrip devices. This algorithm has the significant advantage over the traditional Yee-algorithm in that it is based on unstructured and irregular grids. The robustness of the generalized Yee-algorithm is that structures that contain curved conductors or complex three-dimensional geometries can be more accurately, and much more conveniently modeled using standard automatic grid generation techniques. This generalized Yee-algorithm is based on the the time-marching solution of the discrete form of Maxwell's equations in their integral form. To this end, the electric and magnetic fields are discretized over a dual, irregular, and unstructured grid. The primary grid is assumed to be composed of general fitted polyhedra distributed throughout the volume. The secondary grid (or dual grid) is built up of the closed polyhedra whose edges connect the centroid's of adjacent primary cells, penetrating shared faces. Faraday's law and Ampere's law are used to update the fields normal to the primary and secondary grid faces, respectively. Subsequently, a correction scheme is introduced to project the normal fields onto the grid edges. It is shown that this scheme is stable, maintains second-order accuracy, and preserves the divergenceless nature of the flux densities. Finally, for computational efficiency the algorithm is structured as a series of sparse matrix-vector multiplications. Based on this scheme, the generalized Yee-algorithm has been implemented on vector and parallel high performance computers in a highly efficient manner.

Production of yarns composed of oriented nanofibers for ophthalmological implants

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shynkarenko, A.; Klapstova, A.; Krotov, A.; Moucka, M.; Lukas, D.

2017-10-01

Parallelized nanofibrous structures are commonly used in medical sector, especially for the ophthalmological implants. In this research self-fabricated device is tested for improved collection and twisting of the parallel nanofibers. Previously manual techniques are used to collect the nanofibers and then twist is given, where as in our device different parameters can be optimized to obtained parallel nanofibers and further twisting can be given. The device is used to bring automation to the technique of achieving parallel fibrous structures for medical applications.

Polymeric membrane systems of potential use for battery separators

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Philipp, W. H.

1977-01-01

Two membrane systems were investigated that may have potential use as alkaline battery separators. One system comprises two miscible polymers: a support polymer (e.g., polyvinyl formal) and an ion conductor such as polyacrylic acid. The other system involves a film composed of two immiscible polymers: a conducting polymer (e.g., calcium polyacrylate) suspended in an inert polymer support matrix, polyphenylene oxide. Resistivities in 45-percent potassium hydroxide and qualitative mechanical properties are presented for films comprising various proportions of conducting and support polymers. In terms of these parameters, the results are encouraging for optimum ratios of conducting to support polymers.

AC Loss Minimization in High Temperature Superconductors - U.K.

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-11-07

high currents in high magnetic fields. The DC properties are very attractive, but to reduce the AC losses it is necessary to use a narrow conductor... NiFe in the whole magnetic field region (goHext=0.01 T - 6 T) roughly by a factor of 2, reflecting the sample Jc(B) dependencies. Also the magnetic ...ratio of the tape, there is no visible effect in a parallel magnetic field. Hysteresis losses in metallic substrates - CeO2:Pd/ NiFe and CeO2:Pd/NiCrW

The Cognitive Architecture for Chaining of Two Mental Operations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sackur, Jerome; Dehaene, Stanislas

2009-01-01

A simple view, which dates back to Turing, proposes that complex cognitive operations are composed of serially arranged elementary operations, each passing intermediate results to the next. However, whether and how such serial processing is achieved with a brain composed of massively parallel processors, remains an open question. Here, we study…

Joseph Haydn's encephalopathy: new aspects.

PubMed

Blahak, Christian; Bäzner, Hansjörg; Hennerici, Michael G

2015-01-01

With increasing age, Joseph Haydn complained of progressive forgetfulness preventing him from composing for about the last 8 years of his life. He spent his days more and more inactive and immobilized, suffering from a disabling gait disturbance. Still, most biographers consider diffuse atherosclerosis and congestive heart failure to be reasons for Haydn's medical condition and physical decline during the last years of his life. A more sophisticated and detailed inspection of documents and sources, however, leads to the diagnosis of subcortical vascular encephalopathy (SVE), caused by progressive cerebral small vessel disease. Important features of the disease are mood changes, urinary symptoms, and in particular a characteristic gait disturbance, while dementia is only mild and occurs later in the course. Haydn was severely disabled by the symptoms of SVE for several years and often reported difficulties in the completion of his last oratorio "Die Jahreszeiten" (The Seasons). Subsequently, the disease prevented him from composing another large oratorio, "Das jüngste Gericht" (The last judgement), which had been already drafted. Finally, the progress of SVE stopped his long career as a composer and conductor at the age of 73 years. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Influence of Music Style and Conductor Race on Perceptions of Ensemble and Conductor Performance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vanweelden, Kimberly; McGee, Isaiah R.

2007-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine music style and conductor race on perceptions of ensemble and conductor performance. Results found that conductor race and music style significantly affected ratings of ensemble and conductor performance. Evaluators rated a white conductor group higher than a black conductor group conducting the same…

Data communications in a parallel active messaging interface of a parallel computer

DOEpatents

Archer, Charles J; Blocksome, Michael A; Ratterman, Joseph D; Smith, Brian E

2014-02-11

Data communications in a parallel active messaging interface ('PAMI') or a parallel computer, the parallel computer including a plurality of compute nodes that execute a parallel application, the PAMI composed of data communications endpoints, each endpoint including a specification of data communications parameters for a thread of execution of a compute node, including specification of a client, a context, and a task, the compute nodes and the endpoints coupled for data communications instruction, the instruction characterized by instruction type, the instruction specifying a transmission of transfer data from the origin endpoint to a target endpoint and transmitting, in accordance witht the instruction type, the transfer data from the origin endpoin to the target endpoint.

Temperature limited heater utilizing non-ferromagnetic conductor

DOEpatents

Vinegar,; Harold J. , Harris; Kelvin, Christopher [Houston, TX

2012-07-17

A heater is described. The heater includes a ferromagnetic conductor and an electrical conductor electrically coupled to the ferromagnetic conductor. The ferromagnetic conductor is positioned relative to the electrical conductor such that an electromagnetic field produced by time-varying current flow in the ferromagnetic conductor confines a majority of the flow of the electrical current to the electrical conductor at temperatures below or near a selected temperature.

11% efficiency solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells with copper(II/I) hole transport materials

PubMed Central

Cao, Yiming; Saygili, Yasemin; Ummadisingu, Amita; Teuscher, Joël; Luo, Jingshan; Pellet, Norman; Giordano, Fabrizio; Zakeeruddin, Shaik Mohammed; Moser, Jacques -E.; Freitag, Marina; Hagfeldt, Anders; Grätzel, Michael

2017-01-01

Solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells currently suffer from issues such as inadequate nanopore filling, low conductivity and crystallization of hole-transport materials infiltrated in the mesoscopic TiO2 scaffolds, leading to low performances. Here we report a record 11% stable solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell under standard air mass 1.5 global using a hole-transport material composed of a blend of [Cu (4,4′,6,6′-tetramethyl-2,2′-bipyridine)2](bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide)2 and [Cu (4,4′,6,6′-tetramethyl-2,2′-bipyridine)2](bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide). The amorphous Cu(II/I) conductors that conduct holes by rapid hopping infiltrated in a 6.5 μm-thick mesoscopic TiO2 scaffold are crucial for achieving such high efficiency. Using time-resolved laser photolysis, we determine the time constants for electron injection from the photoexcited sensitizers Y123 into the TiO2 and regeneration of the Y123 by Cu(I) to be 25 ps and 3.2 μs, respectively. Our work will foster the development of low-cost solid-state photovoltaic based on transition metal complexes as hole conductors. PMID:28598436

Meandered-line antenna with integrated high-impedance surface.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Forman, Michael A.

2010-09-01

A reduced-volume antenna composed of a meandered-line dipole antenna over a finite-width, high-impedance surface is presented. The structure is novel in that the high-impedance surface is implemented with four Sievenpiper via-mushroom unit cells, whose area is optimized to match the meandered-line dipole antenna. The result is an antenna similar in performance to patch antenna but one fourth the area that can be deployed directly on the surface of a conductor. Simulations demonstrate a 3.5 cm ({lambda}/4) square antenna with a bandwidth of 4% and a gain of 4.8 dBi at 2.5 GHz.

Paralex: An Environment for Parallel Programming in Distributed Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-12-07

distributed systems is coni- parable to assembly language programming for traditional sequential systems - the user must resort to low-level primitives ...to accomplish data encoding/decoding, communication, remote exe- cution, synchronization , failure detection and recovery. It is our belief that... synchronization . Finally, composing parallel programs by interconnecting se- quential computations allows automatic support for heterogeneity and fault tolerance

Comparison of Educators' and Industrial Managers' Work Motivation Using Parallel Forms of the Work Components Study Questionnaire.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thornton, Billy W.; And Others

The idea that educators would differ from business managers on Herzberg's motivation factors and Blum's security orientations was posited. Parallel questionnaires were used to measure the motivational variables. The sample was composed of 432 teachers, 118 administrators, and 192 industrial managers. Data were analyzed using multivariate and…

An Inconvenient Truth: An Application of the Extended Parallel Process Model

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goodall, Catherine E.; Roberto, Anthony J.

2008-01-01

"An Inconvenient Truth" is an Academy Award-winning documentary about global warming presented by Al Gore. This documentary is appropriate for a lesson on fear appeals and the extended parallel process model (EPPM). The EPPM is concerned with the effects of perceived threat and efficacy on behavior change. Perceived threat is composed of an…

Conductor for a fluid-cooled winding

DOEpatents

Kenney, Walter J.

1983-01-01

A conductor and method of making the conductor are provided for use in winding electrical coils which are cooled by a fluid communicating with the conductor. The conductor is cold worked through twisting and reshaping steps to form a generally rectangular cross section conductor having a plurality of helical cooling grooves extending axially of the conductor. The conductor configuration makes it suitable for a wide variety of winding applications and permits the use of simple strip insulation between turns and perforated sheet insulation between layers of the winding.

Semi-flexible gas-insulated transmission line using sandwiched discs for intermittent flexing joints

DOEpatents

Kommineni, P.R.

1983-02-15

A gas-insulated transmission line includes an outer sheath, an inner conductor, an insulating gas electrically insulating the inner conductor from the outer sheath, and insulating supports insulatably supporting the inner conductor within the outer sheath. The inner conductor is provided with flexibility by the use of main conductor sections which are joined together through a conductor hub section and flexible flexing elements. Stress shields are provided to control the electric field at the locations of the conductor hub sections where the insulating supports are contacting the inner conductor. The flexing elements are formed by sandwiching together, by fusing, a pair of thin hollow discs which are fixedly secured to both the main conductor sections and the conductor hub section. 4 figs.

Adaptive parallel logic networks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Martinez, Tony R.; Vidal, Jacques J.

1988-01-01

Adaptive, self-organizing concurrent systems (ASOCS) that combine self-organization with massive parallelism for such applications as adaptive logic devices, robotics, process control, and system malfunction management, are presently discussed. In ASOCS, an adaptive network composed of many simple computing elements operating in combinational and asynchronous fashion is used and problems are specified by presenting if-then rules to the system in the form of Boolean conjunctions. During data processing, which is a different operational phase from adaptation, the network acts as a parallel hardware circuit.

CONFINEMENT OF HIGH TEMPERATURE PLASMA

DOEpatents

Koenig, H.R.

1963-05-01

The confinement of a high temperature plasma in a stellarator in which the magnetic confinement has tended to shift the plasma from the center of the curved, U-shaped end loops is described. Magnetic means are provided for counteracting this tendency of the plasma to be shifted away from the center of the end loops, and in one embodiment this magnetic means is a longitudinally extending magnetic field such as is provided by two sets of parallel conductors bent to follow the U-shaped curvature of the end loops and energized oppositely on the inside and outside of this curvature. (AEC)

An oppositely charged insect exclusion screen with gap-free multiple electric fields

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matsuda, Yoshinori; Kakutani, Koji; Nonomura, Teruo; Kimbara, Junji; Kusakari, Shin-ichi; Osamura, Kazumi; Toyoda, Hideyoshi

2012-12-01

An electric field screen was constructed to examine insect attraction mechanisms in multiple electric fields generated inside the screen. The screen consisted of two parallel insulated conductor wires (ICWs) charged with equal but opposite voltages and two separate grounded nets connected to each other and placed on each side of the ICW layer. Insects released inside the fields were charged either positively or negatively as a result of electricity flow from or to the insect, respectively. The force generated between the charged insects and opposite ICW charges was sufficient to capture all insects.

Superaligned carbon nanotube arrays, films, and yarns: a road to applications.

PubMed

Jiang, Kaili; Wang, Jiaping; Li, Qunqing; Liu, Liang; Li, Changhong; Fan, Shoushan

2011-03-04

A superaligned carbon nanotube (CNT) array is a special kind of vertically aligned CNT array with the capability of being converted into continuous fi lms and yarns. The as-produced CNT fi lms are transparent and highly conductive, with aligned CNTs parallel to the direction of drawing. After passing through volatile solutions or being twisted, CNT fi lms can be further condensed into shrunk yarns. These shrunk yarns possess high tensile strengths and Young’s moduli, and are good conductors. Many applications of CNT fi lms and shrunk yarns have been demonstrated, such as TEM grids, loudspeakers, touch screens, etc.

46 CFR 111.05-33 - Equipment safety grounding (bonding) conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Equipment safety grounding (bonding) conductors. 111.05... § 111.05-33 Equipment safety grounding (bonding) conductors. (a) Each equipment-grounding conductor must... 110.10-1). (b) Each equipment-grounding conductor (other than a system-grounding conductor) of a cable...

46 CFR 111.05-33 - Equipment safety grounding (bonding) conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Equipment safety grounding (bonding) conductors. 111.05... § 111.05-33 Equipment safety grounding (bonding) conductors. (a) Each equipment-grounding conductor must... 110.10-1). (b) Each equipment-grounding conductor (other than a system-grounding conductor) of a cable...

Semi-flexible gas-insulated transmission line using protection tube in conductor plug-in joint

DOEpatents

Kommineni, P.R.

1983-01-25

A gas-insulated transmission line includes an outer sheath, an inner conductor, an insulating gas electrically insulating the inner conductor from the outer sheath, and insulating supports insulatably supporting the inner conductor within the outer sheath. The inner conductor is provided with flexibility by main conductor sections which are joined together through a conductor hub section and flexible flexing elements. Stress shields are provided to control the electric field at the locations of the conductor hub sections where the insulating supports are contacting the inner conductor. A plug and socket arrangement is utilized for joining adjacent sections of the inner conductor, and a protection tube is utilized inside the hollow plug to maintain proper alignment of the joint when the transmission line is bent. 3 figs.

Semi-flexible gas-insulated transmission line using protection tube in conductor plug-in joint

DOEpatents

Kommineni, Prasad R.

1983-01-25

A gas-insulated transmission line includes an outer sheath, an inner conductor, an insulating gas electrically insulating the inner conductor from the outer sheath, and insulating supports insulatably supporting the inner conductor within the outer sheath. The inner conductor is provided with flexibility by main conductor sections which are joined together through a conductor hub section and flexible flexing elements. Stress shields are provided to control the electric field at the locations of the conductor hub sections where the insulating supports are contacting the inner conductor. A plug and socket arrangement is utilized for joining adjacent sections of the inner conductor, and a protection tube is utilized inside the hollow plug to maintain proper alignment of the joint when the transmission line is bent.

Terminal structure

DOEpatents

Schmidt, Frank [Langenhagen, DE; Allais, Arnaud [Hannover, DE; Mirebeau, Pierre [Villebon sur Yvette, FR; Ganhungu, Francois [Vieux-Reng, FR; Lallouet, Nicolas [Saint Martin Boulogne, FR

2009-10-20

A terminal structure (2) for a superconducting cable (1) is described. It consists of a conductor (2a) and an insulator (2b) that surrounds the conductor (2a), wherein the superconducting cable (1) has a core with a superconducting conductor (5) and a layer of insulation that surrounds the conductor (5), and wherein the core is arranged in such a way that it can move longitudinally in a cryostat. The conductor (2a) of the terminal structure (2) is electrically connected with the superconducting conductor (5) or with a normal conductor (6) that is connected with the superconducting conductor (5) by means of a tubular part (7) made of an electrically conductive material, wherein the superconducting conductor (5) or the normal conductor (6) can slide in the part (7) in the direction of the superconductor.

Semi-flexible gas-insulated transmission line using electric field stress shields

DOEpatents

Cookson, Alan H.; Dale, Steinar J.; Bolin, Philip C.

1982-12-28

A gas-insulated transmission line includes an outer sheath, an inner conductor, an insulating gas electrically insulating the inner conductor from the outer sheath, and insulating supports insulatably supporting the inner conductor within the outer sheath. The inner conductor is provided with flexibility by use of main conductor sections which are joined together through a conductor hub section and flexible flexing elements. Stress shields are provided to control the electric field at the locations of the conductor hub sections where the insulating supports are contacting the inner conductor. The flexing elements and the stress shields may also be utilized in connection with a plug and socket arrangement for providing electrical connection between main conductor sections.

Listening beneath the Words: Parallel Processes in Music and Psychotherapy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shapiro, Yakov; Marks-Tarlow,Terry; Fridman, Joseph

2017-01-01

The authors investigate the parallels between musical performance and psychoanalytical therapy, using the former as a metaphor for the way therapist and patient jointly compose the therapeutic experience and better the treatment it offers. [Note: The volume and issue number (v9 n1) shown on this PDF is incorrect. The correct citation is v9 n2.

Conductor and joint test results of JT-60SA CS and EF coils using the NIFS test facility

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Obana, Tetsuhiro; Takahata, Kazuya; Hamaguchi, Shinji; Kizu, Kaname; Murakami, Haruyuki; Chikaraishi, Hirotaka; Noguchi, Hiroki; Kobuchi, Takashi; Moriuchi, Sadatomo; Imagawa, Shinsaku; Mito, Toshiyuki; Tsuchiya, Katsuhiko; Natsume, Kyohei; Yoshida, Kiyoshi; Nomoto, Kazuhiro; Kim, Tae-hyun

2016-01-01

In 2007, JAEA and NIFS launched the test project to evaluate the performance of cable-in-conduit (CIC) conductors and conductor joints for the JT-60SA CS and EF coils. In this project, conductor tests for four types of coil conductor and joint tests for seven types of conductor joint have been conducted for the past eight years using the NIFS test facility. As a result, the test project indicated that the CIC conductors and conductor joints fulfill the design requirement for the CS and EF coils. In addition, the NIFS test facility is expected to be utilized as the test facility for the development of a conductor and conductor joint for the purpose of the DEMO nuclear fusion power plant, provided that the required magnetic field strength is within 9 T.

Thermal conductor for high-energy electrochemical cells

DOEpatents

Hoffman, Joseph A.; Domroese, Michael K.; Lindeman, David D.; Radewald, Vern E.; Rouillard, Roger; Trice, Jennifer L.

2000-01-01

A thermal conductor for use with an electrochemical energy storage device is disclosed. The thermal conductor is attached to one or both of the anode and cathode contacts of an electrochemical cell. A resilient portion of the conductor varies in height or position to maintain contact between the conductor and an adjacent wall structure of a containment vessel in response to relative movement between the conductor and the wall structure. The thermal conductor conducts current into and out of the electrochemical cell and conducts thermal energy between the electrochemical cell and thermally conductive and electrically resistive material disposed between the conductor and the wall structure. The thermal conductor may be fabricated to include a resilient portion having one of a substantially C-shaped, double C-shaped, Z-shaped, V-shaped, O-shaped, S-shaped, or finger-shaped cross-section. An elastomeric spring element may be configured so as to be captured by the resilient conductor for purposes of enhancing the functionality of the thermal conductor. The spring element may include a protrusion that provides electrical insulation between the spring conductor and a spring conductor of an adjacently disposed electrochemical cell in the presence of relative movement between the cells and the wall structure. The thermal conductor may also be fabricated from a sheet of electrically conductive material and affixed to the contacts of a number of electrochemical cells.

46 CFR 111.05-31 - Grounding conductors for systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Grounding conductors for systems. 111.05-31 Section 111... Grounding conductors for systems. (a) A conductor for grounding a direct-current system must be the larger of: (1) The largest conductor supplying the system; or (2) No. 8 AWG (8.4mm2). (b) A conductor for...

46 CFR 111.05-31 - Grounding conductors for systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Grounding conductors for systems. 111.05-31 Section 111... Grounding conductors for systems. (a) A conductor for grounding a direct-current system must be the larger of: (1) The largest conductor supplying the system; or (2) No. 8 AWG (8.4mm2). (b) A conductor for...

Semi-flexible gas-insulated transmission line using electric field stress shields

DOEpatents

Cookson, A.H.; Dale, S.J.; Bolin, P.C.

1982-12-28

A gas-insulated transmission line includes an outer sheath, an inner conductor, an insulating gas electrically insulating the inner conductor from the outer sheath, and insulating supports insulatably supporting the inner conductor within the outer sheath. The inner conductor is provided with flexibility by use of main conductor sections which are joined together through a conductor hub section and flexible flexing elements. Stress shields are provided to control the electric field at the locations of the conductor hub sections where the insulating supports are contacting the inner conductor. The flexing elements and the stress shields may also be utilized in connection with a plug and socket arrangement for providing electrical connection between main conductor sections. 10 figs.

Induction heaters used to heat subsurface formations

DOEpatents

Nguyen, Scott Vinh [Houston, TX; Bass, Ronald M [Houston, TX

2012-04-24

A heating system for a subsurface formation includes an elongated electrical conductor located in the subsurface formation. The electrical conductor extends between at least a first electrical contact and a second electrical contact. A ferromagnetic conductor at least partially surrounds and at least partially extends lengthwise around the electrical conductor. The electrical conductor, when energized with time-varying electrical current, induces sufficient electrical current flow in the ferromagnetic conductor such that the ferromagnetic conductor resistively heats to a temperature of at least about 300.degree. C.

Study of grain boundary transparency in (Y b1 -xC ax) B a2C u3O bicrystal thin films over a wide temperature, field, and field orientation range

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Pei; Abraimov, Dmytro; Polyanskii, Anatolii; Kametani, Fumitake; Larbalestier, David

2015-03-01

The residual low-angle grain boundary (GB) network is still the most important current-limiting mechanism operating in biaxially textured rare-earth barium-copper-oxide (REBCO) coated conductors. While Ca doping is well established to improve supercurrent flow across low-angle GBs in weak fields at high temperatures, Ca doping also depresses Tc, making it so far impractical for high-temperature applications of REBCO coated conductors. On the other hand, high-field-magnet applications of REBCO require low temperatures. Here we systematically evaluate the effectiveness of Ca doping in improving the GB transparency, rGB=JcGB/ Jcgrain , of low-angle Y b1 -xC axBaCuO [001] tilt bicrystal films down to 10 K and with magnetic fields perpendicular and parallel to the film surfaces, while varying the Ca and oxygen doping level. Using low-temperature scanning laser microscopy and magneto-optical imaging, we found rGB to strongly depend on the angle between magnetic field and the GB plane and clearly identified regimes in which JcGB can exceed Jcgrain(rGB>1 ) where the GB pinning is optimized by the field being parallel to the GB dislocations. However, even in this favorable situation, we found that rGB became much smaller at lower temperatures. Calculations of the GB Ca segregation profile predict that the high-Jc channels between the GB dislocation cores are almost Ca free. It may be therefore that the positive effects of Ca doping seen by many authors near Tc are partly a consequence of the higher Tc of these Ca-free channels.

Analyse dynamique des lignes de grande portee sous charges de vent

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ashby, Mathieu

There are two types of electric crossing : i) subterranean / submarine line ii) overhead-line crossing. We always consider the last one as a more economic option. The inconvenience of an overhead-line crossing would be the environmental constraints among which the existing obstacles, the clearance for the navigation and the aesthetics demanded by the public. The overhead-line crossings usually have conductors of long ranges which are outside of the field of application for the current transmission line codes. These are limited to reaches of a length included between 200 m and 800 m, as well as a height of support lower than 60 m. However, for reaches over 800 m and over a height over 60 m, the criteria of conception in the transmission line codes for the calculation of wind loads are not applicable. In this study we concentrate on loads on the supports owed to the limit wind applied to bare conductors and insulators chains The objective of the present study is to examine the effect of the temporal and spatial correlation of the wind load along the conductors on a finite element model. A special attention was brought to the evaluation of the importance of the dynamic load transmitted on by the conductors and the insulators chains for the case of a turbulent wind load. The numerical study on finite element model for the example of a overhead-line crossing was done with the software ADINA. The wind load for the finite element model for the example of a overhead-line crossing was generated by the software WindGen which uses the method of Simiu-Scanlan and the method of spectral representation developed by Shinozuka-Deodatis. Wind loads generated where integrated into the finite element model ADINA for a dynamic analysis of the overhead-line crossing. For the first part, the current methods are used to calculate the efforts in supports due to the wind loads with an engineering approach and a comparaison approach. The current methods are then compared with the efforts obtained from an advanced method, transient dynamic and spectral stochastic, and specifically for the case of a simple overhead-line and an overhead-line crossings. For the second part, the effect of the longitudinal correlation of the wind load on two parallel conductors was examined. Finally, dynamic experiments on an insulators chain were made to determine the variation of the damping and the rigidity of the system for different type of insulators, different speed of application of the load and the inclination of the insulator. Key words : transient dynamics, spectral stochastic, turbulent wind, conductor, aerodynamic damping, structural damping, spatial correlation, wind spectra

Method for making conductors for ferrite memory arrays. [from pre-formed metal conductors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Heckler, C. H.; Baba, P. D.; Bhiwandker, N. C. (Inventor)

1974-01-01

The ferrite memory arrays are made from pre-formed metal conductors for the ferrite arrays. The conductors are made by forming a thin sheet of a metallizing paste of metal alloy powder, drying the paste layer, bisque firing the dried sheet at a first temperature, and then punching the conductors from the fired sheet. During the bisque firing, the conductor sheet shrinks to 58 percent of its pre-fired volume and the alloy particles sinter together. The conductors are embedded in ferrite sheet material and finally fired at a second higher temperature during which firing the conductors shrink approximately the same degree as the ferrite material.

AC loss, interstrand resistance and mechanical properties of prototype EU DEMO TF conductors up to 30 000 load cycles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yagotintsev, K.; Nijhuis, A.

2018-07-01

Two prototype Nb3Sn cable-in-conduit conductors conductors were designed and manufactured for the toroidal field (TF) magnet system of the envisaged European DEMO fusion reactor. The AC loss, contact resistance and mechanical properties of two sample conductors were tested in the Twente Cryogenic Cable Press under cyclic load up to 30 000 cycles. Though both conductors were designed to operate at 82 kA in a background magnetic field of 13.6 T, they reflect different approaches with respect to the magnet winding pack assembly. The first approach is based on react and wind technology while the second is the more common wind and react technology. Each conductor was tested first for AC loss in virgin condition without handling. The impact of Lorentz load during magnet operation was simulated using the cable press. In the press each conductor specimen was subjected to transverse cyclic load up to 30 000 cycles in liquid helium bath at 4.2 K. Here a summary of results for AC loss, contact resistance, conductor deformation, mechanical heat production and conductor stiffness evolution during cycling of the load is presented. Both conductors showed similar mechanical behaviour but quite different AC loss. In comparison with previously tested ITER TF conductors, both DEMO TF conductors possess very low contact resistance resulting in high coupling loss. At the same time, load cycling has limited impact on properties of DEMO TF conductors in comparison with ITER TF conductors.

Testing of the 3M Company Composite Conductor

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stovall, John P; Rizy, D Tom; Kisner, Roger A

2010-10-01

The 3M Company has developed a high-temperature low-sag conductor referred to as Aluminum-Conductor Composite-Reinforced or ACCR. The conductor uses an aluminum metal matrix material to replace the steel in conventional conductors. The objective of this work is to accelerate the commercial acceptance by electric utilities of this new conductor design by testing four representative conductor classes in controlled conditions. A unique facility called the Powerline Conductor Accelerated Testing (PCAT) Facility was built at ORNL for testing overhead conductors. The PCAT has been uniquely designed for testing overhead bare transmission line conductors at high currents and temperatures after they have beenmore » installed and tensioned to the manufacturer's specifications. The ability to operate a transmission line conductor in this manner does not exist elsewhere in the United States. Four classes of ACCR cable designed by the 3M Company have been successfully test at ORNL small, medium, large and small/compact. Based on these and other manufacturer tests, the 3M Company has successfully introduced the ACCR into the commercial market and has completed over twenty installations for utility companies.« less

30 CFR Appendix I to Subpart D of... - Appendix I to Subpart D of Part 18

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... diameter of three-conductor portable power cables with tolerances in inches—601 to 5,000 volts. 8 Fuse... diameters. Table 1—Portable Power Cable Ampacities—600 Volts (Amperes Per Conductor Based on 60 °C. Copper Temperature—40 °C. Ambient) Conductor size—AWG or MCM Single conductor 2-conductor, round or flat 3-conductor...

30 CFR Appendix I to Subpart D of... - Appendix I to Subpart D of Part 18

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... diameter of three-conductor portable power cables with tolerances in inches—601 to 5,000 volts. 8 Fuse... diameters. Table 1—Portable Power Cable Ampacities—600 Volts (Amperes Per Conductor Based on 60 °C. Copper Temperature—40 °C. Ambient) Conductor size—AWG or MCM Single conductor 2-conductor, round or flat 3-conductor...

Hypercluster parallel processing library user's manual

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Quealy, Angela

1990-01-01

This User's Manual describes the Hypercluster Parallel Processing Library, composed of FORTRAN-callable subroutines which enable a FORTRAN programmer to manipulate and transfer information throughout the Hypercluster at NASA Lewis Research Center. Each subroutine and its parameters are described in detail. A simple heat flow application using Laplace's equation is included to demonstrate the use of some of the library's subroutines. The manual can be used initially as an introduction to the parallel features provided by the library. Thereafter it can be used as a reference when programming an application.

Snapshots of crystal growth: Nanoclusters of organic conductors on Au(111) surfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schott, J. H.; Ward, M. D.

1994-06-01

Mono- and multilayer crystalline nanoclusters of tetra-hiafulvalene-tetracyanoquinodimethane ((TTF) (TCNO)), a low-dimensional organic conductor in the bulk form, can be formed readily on Au(111) surfaces by vapor phase sublimation under ambient conditions. Scanning tunneling microscopy of monolayer (TTF)(TCNQ) films reveals a two-dimensional density of states (DOS) that is consistent with the arrangement of TTF and TCNO molecules in the ac face of bulk (TTF)(TCNO), in which the molecular planes are nearly parallel to the Au(111) substrate. In contrast, clusters with thicknesses corresponding to two or three molecular layers exhibit a transformation to a highly anisotropic DOS that can be attributed to interlayer molecular overlap in segregated TTF and TCNQ molecular chains along the c-axis, which can be described as 'molecular wires'. The orientation of the crystalline (TTF)(TCNO) clusters is preserved throughout the crystal growth sequence, leading to meso- and macroscopic (TTF)(TCNO) needles that are oriented perpendicular to the Au(111) substrate. These studies provide visualization of crystal growth from the initial stages of nucleation to macroscopic crystals, and a revealing example of the changes in electronic structure that occur during the evolution of molecular (TTF)(TCNQ) nuclei into a bulk crystalline phase.

An active magnetic bearing with high T(sub c) superconducting coils and ferromagnetic cores

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brown, G. V.; Dirusso, E.; Provenza, A. J.

1995-01-01

A proof-of-feasibility demonstration showed that high-T(sub c) superconductor (HTS) coils can be used in a high-load, active magnetic bearing in LN2. A homopolar radial bearing with commercially wound HTS (Bi 2223) bias and control coils produced over 890 N (200 lb) radial load capacity (measured non-rotatings) and supported a shaft to 14,000 rpm. The goal was to show that HTS coils can operate stably with ferromagnetic cores in a feedback controlled system at a current density similar to that for Cu in LN2. The bias coil, wound with non-twisted, multifilament HTS conductor, dissipated negligible power for its direct current. The control coils, wound with monofilament HTS sheathed in Ag, dissipated negligible power for direct current. AC losses increased rapidly with frequency and quadratically with AC amplitude. Above about 2 Hz, the effective resistance of the control coils exceeds that of the silver which is in electrical parallel with the oxide superconductor. These results show that twisted multifilament conductor is not needed for stable levitation but may be desired to reduce control power for sizable dynamic loads.

Microstructure Characteristics of High Lift Factor MOCVD REBCO Coated Conductors With High Zr Content

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Galstyan, E; Gharahcheshmeh, MH; Delgado, L

We report the microstructural characteristics of high levels of Zr-added REBa2Cu3O7-x (RE = Gd, Y rare earth) coated conductors fabricated by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD). The enhancements of the lift factor defined as a ratio of the in-field (3 T, B parallel to c-axis) critical current density (J(c)) at 30 K and self-field J(c) at 77 K have been achieved for Zr addition levels of 20 and 25 mol% via optimization of deposition parameters. The presence of strong flux pinning is attributed to the aligned nanocolumns of BaZrO3 and nanoprecipitates embedded in REBa2Cu3O7-x matrix with good crystal quality.more » A high density of BZO nanorods with a typical size 6-8 nm and spacing of 20 nm has been observed. Moreover, the high Zr content was found to induce a high density of intrinsic defects, including stacking faults and dislocations. The correlation between in-field performance along the c-axis and microstructure of (Gd, Y) BCO film with a high level of Zr addition is discussed.« less

Metallographic autopsies of full-scale ITER prototype cable-in-conduit conductors after full cyclic testing in SULTAN: III. The importance of strand surface roughness in long twist pitch conductors

DOE PAGES

Sanabria, Charlie; Lee, Peter J.; Starch, William; ...

2016-05-31

As part of the ITER conductor qualification process, 3 m long Cable-in-Conduit Conductors (CICCs) were tested at the SULTAN facility under conditions simulating ITER operation so as to establish the current sharing temperature, T cs, as a function of multiple full Lorentz force loading cycles. After a comprehensive evaluation of both the Toroidal Field (TF) and the Central Solenoid (CS) conductors, it was found that T cs degradation was common in long twist pitch TF conductors while short twist pitch CS conductors showed some T cs increase. However, one kind of TF conductors containing superconducting strand fabricated by the Bochvarmore » Institute of Inorganic Materials (VNIINM) avoided T cs degradation despite having long twist pitch. In our earlier metallographic autopsies of long and short twist pitch CS conductors, we observed a substantially greater transverse strand movement under Lorentz force loading for long twist pitch conductors, while short twist pitch conductors had negligible transverse movement. With help from the literature, we concluded that the transverse movement was not the source of T cs degradation but rather an increase of the compressive strain in the Nb 3Sn filaments possibly induced by longitudinal movement of the wires. Like all TF conductors this TF VNIINM conductor showed large transverse motions under Lorentz force loading, but Tcs actually increased, as in all short twist pitch CS conductors. We here propose that the high surface roughness of the VNIINM strand may be responsible for the suppression of the compressive strain enhancement (characteristic of long twist pitch conductors). Furthermore, it appears that increasing strand surface roughness could improve the performance of long twist pitch CICCs.« less

Metallographic autopsies of full-scale ITER prototype cable-in-conduit conductors after full cyclic testing in SULTAN: III. The importance of strand surface roughness in long twist pitch conductors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sanabria, Charlie; Lee, Peter J.; Starch, William

As part of the ITER conductor qualification process, 3 m long Cable-in-Conduit Conductors (CICCs) were tested at the SULTAN facility under conditions simulating ITER operation so as to establish the current sharing temperature, T cs, as a function of multiple full Lorentz force loading cycles. After a comprehensive evaluation of both the Toroidal Field (TF) and the Central Solenoid (CS) conductors, it was found that T cs degradation was common in long twist pitch TF conductors while short twist pitch CS conductors showed some T cs increase. However, one kind of TF conductors containing superconducting strand fabricated by the Bochvarmore » Institute of Inorganic Materials (VNIINM) avoided T cs degradation despite having long twist pitch. In our earlier metallographic autopsies of long and short twist pitch CS conductors, we observed a substantially greater transverse strand movement under Lorentz force loading for long twist pitch conductors, while short twist pitch conductors had negligible transverse movement. With help from the literature, we concluded that the transverse movement was not the source of T cs degradation but rather an increase of the compressive strain in the Nb 3Sn filaments possibly induced by longitudinal movement of the wires. Like all TF conductors this TF VNIINM conductor showed large transverse motions under Lorentz force loading, but Tcs actually increased, as in all short twist pitch CS conductors. We here propose that the high surface roughness of the VNIINM strand may be responsible for the suppression of the compressive strain enhancement (characteristic of long twist pitch conductors). Furthermore, it appears that increasing strand surface roughness could improve the performance of long twist pitch CICCs.« less

Design of a Wireless Sensor Module for Monitoring Conductor Galloping of Transmission Lines.

PubMed

Huang, Xinbo; Zhao, Long; Chen, Guimin

2016-10-09

Conductor galloping may cause flashovers and even tower collapses. The available conductor galloping monitoring methods often employ acceleration sensors to measure the conductor translations without considering the conductor twist. In this paper, a new sensor for monitoring conductor galloping of transmission lines based on an inertial measurement unit and wireless communication is proposed. An inertial measurement unit is used for collecting the accelerations and angular rates of a conductor, which are further transformed into the corresponding geographic coordinate frame using a quaternion transformation to reconstruct the galloping of the conductor. Both the hardware design and the software design are described in details. The corresponding test platforms are established, and the experiments show the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed monitoring sensor. The field operation of the proposed sensor in a conductor spanning 734 m also shows its effectiveness.

30 CFR 57.12011 - High-potential electrical conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false High-potential electrical conductors. 57.12011... Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12011 High-potential electrical conductors. High-potential electrical conductors shall be covered, insulated, or placed to prevent contact with low potential conductors. ...

33 CFR 183.445 - Conductors: Protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Conductors: Protection. 183.445 Section 183.445 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED... Conductors: Protection. (a) Each conductor or group of conductors that passes through a bulkhead, structural...

33 CFR 183.445 - Conductors: Protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Conductors: Protection. 183.445 Section 183.445 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED... Conductors: Protection. (a) Each conductor or group of conductors that passes through a bulkhead, structural...

33 CFR 159.71 - Electrical controls and conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... conductors. 159.71 Section 159.71 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND... Electrical controls and conductors. Electrical controls and conductors must be installed in accordance with good marine practice. Wire must be copper and must be stranded. Electrical controls and conductors must...

30 CFR 57.12004 - Electrical conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Electrical conductors. 57.12004 Section 57... Surface and Underground § 57.12004 Electrical conductors. Electrical conductors shall be of a sufficient... operations will not damage the insulating materials. Electrical conductors exposed to mechanical damage shall...

33 CFR 159.71 - Electrical controls and conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... conductors. 159.71 Section 159.71 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND... Electrical controls and conductors. Electrical controls and conductors must be installed in accordance with good marine practice. Wire must be copper and must be stranded. Electrical controls and conductors must...

30 CFR 57.12011 - High-potential electrical conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false High-potential electrical conductors. 57.12011... Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12011 High-potential electrical conductors. High-potential electrical conductors shall be covered, insulated, or placed to prevent contact with low potential conductors. ...

30 CFR 57.12004 - Electrical conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Electrical conductors. 57.12004 Section 57... Surface and Underground § 57.12004 Electrical conductors. Electrical conductors shall be of a sufficient... operations will not damage the insulating materials. Electrical conductors exposed to mechanical damage shall...

30 CFR 57.12004 - Electrical conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Electrical conductors. 57.12004 Section 57... Surface and Underground § 57.12004 Electrical conductors. Electrical conductors shall be of a sufficient... operations will not damage the insulating materials. Electrical conductors exposed to mechanical damage shall...

Design, development, fabrication and testing of high temperature Flat Conductor Cable (FCC)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rigling, W. S.

1974-01-01

The results are presented of a development program for a flat, 25-conductor signal cable and a flat, 3-conductor power cable. Flat cables employ conductors made of strips or flattened round copper conductors insulated with polyimide films. It is shown that conductor thickness ranges from 0.003 to 0.010 inch, and begins to soften and loose mechanical strength at temperatures above 200 C.

24 CFR 3280.815 - Polarization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) The identified (white) conductor shall be employed for grounding circuit conductors only and shall be... unswitched wire in switched circuits, except that a cable containing an identified conductor (white) shall be... unidentified conductor is the return conductor from the switch to the outlet. Painting of the terminal end of...

46 CFR 169.683 - Overcurrent protection, general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... provided for each ungrounded conductor for the purpose of opening the electric circuit if the current reaches a value that causes an excessive or dangerous temperature in the conductor or conductor insulation... ungrounded conductors of the circuit simultaneously. (c) Each conductor, including a generator lead and shore...

24 CFR 3280.815 - Polarization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...) The identified (white) conductor shall be employed for grounding circuit conductors only and shall be... unswitched wire in switched circuits, except that a cable containing an identified conductor (white) shall be... unidentified conductor is the return conductor from the switch to the outlet. Painting of the terminal end of...

Effects of length dispersity and film fabrication on the sheet resistance of copper nanowire transparent conductors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Borchert, James W.; Stewart, Ian E.; Ye, Shengrong; Rathmell, Aaron R.; Wiley, Benjamin J.; Winey, Karen I.

2015-08-01

Development of thin-film transparent conductors (TC) based on percolating networks of metal nanowires has leaped forward in recent years, owing to the improvement of nanowire synthetic methods and modeling efforts by several research groups. While silver nanowires are the first commercially viable iteration of this technology, systems based on copper nanowires are not far behind. Here we present an analysis of TCs composed of copper nanowire networks on sheets of polyethylene terephthalate that have been treated with various oxide-removing post treatments to improve conductivity. A pseudo-2D rod network modeling approach has been modified to include lognormal distributions in length that more closely reflect experimental data collected from the nanowire TCs. In our analysis, we find that the copper nanowire TCs are capable of achieving comparable electrical performance to silver nanowire TCs with similar dimensions. Lastly, we present a method for more accurately determining the nanowire area coverage in a TC over a large area using Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) to directly measure the metal content in the TCs. These developments will aid research and industry groups alike in the characterization of nanowire based TCs.Development of thin-film transparent conductors (TC) based on percolating networks of metal nanowires has leaped forward in recent years, owing to the improvement of nanowire synthetic methods and modeling efforts by several research groups. While silver nanowires are the first commercially viable iteration of this technology, systems based on copper nanowires are not far behind. Here we present an analysis of TCs composed of copper nanowire networks on sheets of polyethylene terephthalate that have been treated with various oxide-removing post treatments to improve conductivity. A pseudo-2D rod network modeling approach has been modified to include lognormal distributions in length that more closely reflect experimental data collected from the nanowire TCs. In our analysis, we find that the copper nanowire TCs are capable of achieving comparable electrical performance to silver nanowire TCs with similar dimensions. Lastly, we present a method for more accurately determining the nanowire area coverage in a TC over a large area using Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS) to directly measure the metal content in the TCs. These developments will aid research and industry groups alike in the characterization of nanowire based TCs. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Contains calibration curve for %T vs. area fraction. See DOI: 10.1039/c5nr03671b

Spin wave based parallel logic operations for binary data coded with domain walls

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Urazuka, Y.; Oyabu, S.; Chen, H.

2014-05-07

We numerically investigate the feasibility of spin wave (SW) based parallel logic operations, where the phase of SW packet (SWP) is exploited as a state variable and the phase shift caused by the interaction with domain wall (DW) is utilized as a logic inversion functionality. A designed functional element consists of parallel ferromagnetic nanowires (6 nm-thick, 36 nm-width, 5120 nm-length, and 200 nm separation) with the perpendicular magnetization and sub-μm scale overlaid conductors. The logic outputs for binary data, coded with the existence (“1”) or absence (“0”) of the DW, are inductively read out from interferometric aspect of the superposed SWPs, one of themmore » propagating through the stored data area. A practical exclusive-or operation, based on 2π periodicity in the phase logic, is demonstrated for the individual nanowire with an order of different output voltage V{sub out}, depending on the logic output for the stored data. The inductive output from the two nanowires exhibits well defined three different signal levels, corresponding to the information distance (Hamming distance) between 2-bit data stored in the multiple nanowires.« less

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Agosta, C. C.; Jin, J.; Coniglio, W. A.

We present upper critical field data for {kappa}-(BEDT-TTF){sub 2}Cu(NCS){sub 2} with the magnetic field close to parallel and parallel to the conducting layers. We show that we can eliminate the effect of vortex dynamics in these layered materials if the layers are oriented within 0.3-inch of parallel to the applied magnetic field. Eliminating vortex effects leaves one remaining feature in the data that corresponds to the Pauli paramagnetic limit (H{sub p}). We propose a semiempirical method to calculate the H{sub p} in quasi-2D superconductors. This method takes into account the energy gap of each of the quasi-2D superconductors, which ismore » calculated from specific-heat data, and the influence of many-body effects. The calculated Pauli paramagnetic limits are then compared to critical field data for the title compound and other organic conductors. Many of the examined quasi-2D superconductors, including the above organic superconductors and CeCoIn{sub 5}, exhibit upper critical fields that exceed their calculated H{sub p} suggesting unconventional superconductivity. We show that the high-field low-temperature state in {kappa}-(BEDT-TTF){sub 2}Cu(NCS){sub 2} is consistent with the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov state.« less

Development of chipless, wireless current sensor system based on giant magnetoimpedance magnetic sensor and surface acoustic wave transponder.

PubMed

Kondalkar, Vijay V; Li, Xiang; Park, Ikmo; Yang, Sang Sik; Lee, Keekeun

2018-02-05

A chipless, wireless current sensor system was developed using a giant magnetoimpedance (GMI) magnetic sensor and one-port surface acoustic wave (SAW) reflective delay line for real-time power monitoring in a current-carrying conductor. The GMI sensor has a high-quality crystalline structure in each layer, which contributes to a high sensitivity and good linearity in a magnetic field of 3-16 Oe. A 400 MHz RF energy generated from the interdigital transducer (IDT)-type reflector on the one-port SAW delay line was used as an activation source for the GMI magnetic sensor. The one-port SAW delay line replaces the presently existing transceiver system, which is composed of thousands of transistors, thus enabling chipless and wireless operation. We confirmed a large variation in the amplitude of the SAW reflection peak with a change in the impedance of the GMI sensor caused by the current flow through the conductor. Good linearity and sensitivity of ~0.691 dB/A were observed for currents in the range 1-12 A. Coupling of Mode (COM) modeling and impedance matching analysis were also performed to predict the device performance in advance and these were compared with the experimental results.

New double molybdate Na9Fe(MoO4)6: Synthesis, structure, properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Savina, Aleksandra A.; Solodovnikov, Sergey F.; Basovich, Olga M.; Solodovnikova, Zoya A.; Belov, Dmitry A.; Pokholok, Konstantin V.; Gudkova, Irina A.; Stefanovich, Sergey Yu.; Lazoryak, Bogdan I.; Khaikina, Elena G.

2013-09-01

A new double molybdate Na9Fe(MoO4)6 was synthesized using solid state reactions and studied with X-ray powder diffraction, second harmonic generation (SHG) technique, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray fluorescence analysis, Mössbauer and dielectric impedance spectroscopy. Single crystals of Na9Fe(MoO4)6 were obtained and its structure was solved (the space group R3¯, a=14.8264(2), c=19.2402(3) Å, V=3662.79(9) Å3, Z=6, R=0.0132). The structure is related to that of sodium ion conductor II-Na3Fe2(AsO4)3. The basic structure units are polyhedral clusters composed of central FeО6 octahedron sharing edges with three Na(1)О6 octahedra. The clusters share common vertices with bridging МоО4 tetrahedra to form an open 3D framework where the cavities are occupied by Na(2) and Na(3) atoms. The compound melts incongruently at 904.7±0.2 K. Arrhenius type temperature dependence of electric conductivity σ has been registered in solid state (σ=6.8×10-2 S сm-1 at 800 K), thus allowing considering Na9Fe(MoO4)6 as a new sodium ion conductor.

Endpoint-based parallel data processing in a parallel active messaging interface of a parallel computer

DOEpatents

Archer, Charles J; Blocksome, Michael E; Ratterman, Joseph D; Smith, Brian E

2014-02-11

Endpoint-based parallel data processing in a parallel active messaging interface ('PAMI') of a parallel computer, the PAMI composed of data communications endpoints, each endpoint including a specification of data communications parameters for a thread of execution on a compute node, including specifications of a client, a context, and a task, the compute nodes coupled for data communications through the PAMI, including establishing a data communications geometry, the geometry specifying, for tasks representing processes of execution of the parallel application, a set of endpoints that are used in collective operations of the PAMI including a plurality of endpoints for one of the tasks; receiving in endpoints of the geometry an instruction for a collective operation; and executing the instruction for a collective opeartion through the endpoints in dependence upon the geometry, including dividing data communications operations among the plurality of endpoints for one of the tasks.

Endpoint-based parallel data processing in a parallel active messaging interface of a parallel computer

DOEpatents

Archer, Charles J.; Blocksome, Michael A.; Ratterman, Joseph D.; Smith, Brian E.

2014-08-12

Endpoint-based parallel data processing in a parallel active messaging interface (`PAMI`) of a parallel computer, the PAMI composed of data communications endpoints, each endpoint including a specification of data communications parameters for a thread of execution on a compute node, including specifications of a client, a context, and a task, the compute nodes coupled for data communications through the PAMI, including establishing a data communications geometry, the geometry specifying, for tasks representing processes of execution of the parallel application, a set of endpoints that are used in collective operations of the PAMI including a plurality of endpoints for one of the tasks; receiving in endpoints of the geometry an instruction for a collective operation; and executing the instruction for a collective operation through the endpoints in dependence upon the geometry, including dividing data communications operations among the plurality of endpoints for one of the tasks.

30 CFR 56.12005 - Protection of power conductors from mobile equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Protection of power conductors from mobile... MINES Electricity § 56.12005 Protection of power conductors from mobile equipment. Mobile equipment shall not run over power conductors, nor shall loads be dragged over power conductors, unless the...

An Exploratory Comparison of Novice, Intermediate, and Expert Orchestral Conductors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bergee, Martin J.

2005-01-01

This study compared novice, "intermediate" (graduate student), and expert orchestral conductors. Two novice conductors, one graduate student in orchestral conducting, and one expert conductor led a university symphony orchestra in part of the first movement of Brahms's Symphony No. 2. Wired for sound, conductors attempted to verbalize their…

30 CFR 56.12005 - Protection of power conductors from mobile equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Protection of power conductors from mobile... MINES Electricity § 56.12005 Protection of power conductors from mobile equipment. Mobile equipment shall not run over power conductors, nor shall loads be dragged over power conductors, unless the...

Electro-expulsive separation system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Haslim, Leonard A. (Inventor); Lee, Robert D. (Inventor)

1987-01-01

An electro-expulsive system has one or more overlapped conductors, each comprising a flexible ribbon conductor, which is folded back on itself. The conductors are embedded in an elastomeric material. Large current pulses are fed to the conductors from power storage units. As a result of the antiparallel currents, the opposed segments of a conductor are forcefully separated and the elastomeric material is distended. Voids in the elastomer aid the separation of the conductor segments. The distention is almost instantaneous when a current pulse reaches the conductor and the distention tends to remove any solid body on the surface of the elastomeric material.

Multifilamentary niobium tin magnet conductors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Larbalestier, D.C.; Madsen, P.E.; Lee, J.A.

1975-03-01

Practical magnet conductors of multifilamentary Nb$sub 3$Sn have been produced. Evaluation of these bronze route conductors is described. Conductors studied range from a 1369 filament all-bronze matrix conductor to 5143 and approximately 42,000 filament conductors, containing internal high purity copper protected by diffusion barriers. Filament sizes vary from approximately 3 to 8 $mu$m diameter. The effect of heat treatment conditions on critical current and transition temperature is presented and it is shown that overall critical current densities greater than those available in niobium titanium can now be produced in multifilamentary Nb$sub 3$Sn magnet conductor.

Diamagnetic composite material structure for reducing undesired electromagnetic interference and eddy currents in dielectric wall accelerators and other devices

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Caporaso, George J.; Poole, Brian R.; Hawkins, Steven A.

2015-06-30

The devices, systems and techniques disclosed here can be used to reduce undesired effects by magnetic field induced eddy currents based on a diamagnetic composite material structure including diamagnetic composite sheets that are separated from one another to provide a high impedance composite material structure. In some implementations, each diamagnetic composite sheet includes patterned conductor layers are separated by a dielectric material and each patterned conductor layer includes voids and conductor areas. The voids in the patterned conductor layers of each diamagnetic composite sheet are arranged to be displaced in position from one patterned conductor layer to an adjacent patternedmore » conductor layer while conductor areas of the patterned conductor layers collectively form a contiguous conductor structure in each diamagnetic composite sheet to prevent penetration by a magnetic field.« less

Coupling time constants of striated and copper-plated coated conductors and the potential of striation to reduce shielding-current-induced fields in pancake coils

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amemiya, Naoyuki; Tominaga, Naoki; Toyomoto, Ryuki; Nishimoto, Takuma; Sogabe, Yusuke; Yamano, Satoshi; Sakamoto, Hisaki

2018-07-01

The shielding-current-induced field is a serious concern for the applications of coated conductors to magnets. The striation of the coated conductor is one of the countermeasures, but it is effective only after the decay of the coupling current, which is characterised with the coupling time constant. In a non-twisted striated coated conductor, the coupling time constant is determined primarily by its length and the transverse resistance between superconductor filaments, because the coupling current could flow along its entire length. We measured and numerically calculated the frequency dependences of magnetisation losses in striated and copper-plated coated conductors with various lengths and their stacks at 77 K and determined their coupling time constants. Stacked conductors simulate the turns of a conductor wound into a pancake coil. Coupling time constants are proportional to the square of the conductor length. Stacking striated coated conductors increases the coupling time constants because the coupling currents in stacked conductors are coupled to one another magnetically to increase the mutual inductances for the coupling current paths. We carried out the numerical electromagnetic field analysis of conductors wound into pancake coils and determined their coupling time constants. They can be explained by the length dependence and mutual coupling effect observed in stacked straight conductors. Even in pancake coils with practical numbers of turns, i.e. conductor lengths, the striation is effective to reduce the shielding-current-induced fields for some dc applications.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stovall, J.P.; RIzy, D.T.; Kisner, R.A.

The 3M Company has developed a high-temperature low-sag conductor referred to as Aluminum- Conductor Composite-Reinforced or ACCR. The conductor uses an aluminum metal matrix material to replace the steel in conventional conductors so the core has a lower density and higher conductivity. The objective of this work is to accelerate the commercial acceptance by electric utilities of these new conductor designs by testing four representative conductor classes in controlled conditions. Overhead transmission lines use bare aluminum conductor strands wrapped around a steel core strands to transmit electricity. The typical cable is referred to as aluminum-conductor steel-reinforced (ACSR). The outer strandsmore » are aluminum, chosen for its conductivity, low weight, and low cost. The center strand is of steel for the strength required to support the weight without stretching the aluminum due to its ductility. The power density of a transmission corridor has been directly increased by increasing the voltage level. Transmission voltages have increased from 115-kV to 765- kV over the past 80 years. In the United States, further increasing the voltage level is not feasible at this point in time, so in order to further increase the power density of a transmission corridor, conductor designs that increase the current carrying capability have been examined. One of the key limiting factors in the design of a transmission line is the conductor sag which determines the clearance of the conductor above ground or underlying structures needed for electrical safety. Increasing the current carrying capability of a conductor increases the joule heating in the conductor which increases the conductor sag. A conductor designed for high-temperature and lowsag operation requires an engineered modification of the conductor materials. To make an advanced cable, the 3M Company solution has been the development of a composite conductor consisting of Nextel ceramic fibers to replace the steel core and an aluminum-zirconium alloy to improve the outer strands. The result is a cable that can carry more current than steelaluminum lines without sagging as much at higher temperatures. A unique facility called the Powerline Conductor Accelerated Testing (PCAT) Facility was built at ORNL for testing overhead conductors. The PCAT has been uniquely designed for testing overhead bare transmission line conductors at high currents and temperatures after they have been installed and tensioned to the manufacturer's specifications. The ability to operate a transmission line conductor in this manner does not exist elsewhere in the United States. Four classes of ACCR cable designed by 3M have been successfully test at ORNL – small, medium, large and small/compact. Based on these and other manufacturer tests, the 3M Company has successfully introduced the ACCR into the commercial market and has completed over twenty installations for utility companies.« less

Alternating current loss characteristics in (bismuth,lead)SCCO and yttrium barium copper oxide superconducting tapes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nguyen, Doan Ngoc

Alternating current (AC) loss and current carrying capacity are two of the most crucial considerations in large-scale power applications of high temperature superconducting (HTS) conductors. AC losses result in an increased thermal load for cooling machines, and thus increased operating costs. Furthermore, AC losses can stimulate quenching phenomena or at least decrease the stability margin for superconducting devices. Thus, understanding AC losses is essential for the development of HTS AC applications. The main focus of this dissertation is to make reliable total AC loss measurements and interpret the experimental results in a theoretical framework. With a specially designed magnet, advanced total AC loss measurement system in liquid nitrogen (77 K) has been successfully built. Both calorimetric and electromagnetic methods were employed to confirm the validity of the measured results and to have a more thorough understanding of AC loss in HTS conductors. The measurement is capable of measuring total AC loss in HTS tapes over a wide range of frequency and amplitude of transport current and magnetic field. An accurate phase control technique allows measurement of total AC loss with any phase difference between the transport current and magnetic field by calorimetric method. In addition, a novel total AC loss measurement system with variable temperatures from 30 K to 100 K was successfully built and tested. Understanding the dependence of AC losses on temperature will enable optimization of the operating temperature and design of HTS devices. As a part of the dissertation, numerical calculations using Brandt's model were developed to study electrodynamics and total AC loss in HTS conductors. In the calculations, the superconducting electrical behavior is assumed to follow a power-law model. In general, the practical properties of conductors, including field-dependence of critical current density Jc, n-value and non-uniform distribution of Jc, can be accounted for in the numerical calculations. The numerical calculations are also capable of investigating eddy current loss in the stabilizer and ferromagnetic loss in the substrate of YBa2Cu3O 7-delta (YBCO) coated conductor. AC loss characteristics and electrodynamics in several (Bi,Pb)2 Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox (Bi-2223) and YBCO tapes were studied experimentally and numerically. It was found that AC loss behavior Ax in HTS tapes is strongly affected by the sample parameters such as cross-section, structure, dimensions, critical current distribution as well as by operation parameters including temperature, frequency, the phase difference between transport current and magnetic field, the orientation of magnetic field. The Ni-5%W substrate in YBCO conductors generates some ferromagnetic loss but this loss component is significantly reduced by a small parallel DC magnetic field. At a given AC magnetic field B0, there is a temperature Tmax at which the magnetization loss is maximum. The design of HTS devices needs to be optimized to avoid operating at that temperature. In general, the total AC loss in HTS tapes is still high for many power device applications, especially for those that present a rather high AC applied magnetic field. The development of low loss conductors is therefore crucial for HTS large-scale applications.

Data communications in a parallel active messaging interface of a parallel computer

DOEpatents

Archer, Charles J; Blocksome, Michael A; Ratterman, Joseph D; Smith, Brian E

2013-10-29

Data communications in a parallel active messaging interface (`PAMI`) of a parallel computer, the parallel computer including a plurality of compute nodes that execute a parallel application, the PAMI composed of data communications endpoints, each endpoint including a specification of data communications parameters for a thread of execution on a compute node, including specifications of a client, a context, and a task, the compute nodes and the endpoints coupled for data communications through the PAMI and through data communications resources, including receiving in an origin endpoint of the PAMI a data communications instruction, the instruction characterized by an instruction type, the instruction specifying a transmission of transfer data from the origin endpoint to a target endpoint and transmitting, in accordance with the instruction type, the transfer data from the origin endpoint to the target endpoint.

30 CFR 57.12080 - Bare conductor guards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Bare conductor guards. 57.12080 Section 57... Underground Only § 57.12080 Bare conductor guards. Trolley wires and bare power conductors shall be guarded at... conductors are less than 7 feet above the rail, they shall be guarded at all points where persons work or...

30 CFR 77.804 - High-voltage trailing cables; minimum design requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... equipped with metallic shields around each power conductor with one or more ground conductors having a total cross-sectional area of not less than one-half the power conductor, and with an insulated conductor for the ground continuity check circuit. External ground check conductors may be used if they are...

30 CFR 57.12080 - Bare conductor guards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Bare conductor guards. 57.12080 Section 57... Underground Only § 57.12080 Bare conductor guards. Trolley wires and bare power conductors shall be guarded at... conductors are less than 7 feet above the rail, they shall be guarded at all points where persons work or...

Conductor load bearing roller for a gas-insulated transmission line having a corrugated outer conductor

DOEpatents

Fischer, William H.; Yoon, Kue H.

1984-04-10

A gas-insulated transmission line includes a corrugated outer conductor, an inner conductor disposed within and insulated from the outer conductor by means of support insulators and an insulating gas, and a transport device for supporting and permitting movement of the inner conductor/insulating support assembly axially along the corrugated outer conductor without radial displacement. The transport device includes two movable contacts, such as skids or rollers, supported on a common pivot lever, the pivot lever being rotatably disposed about a pivot lever axis, which pivot lever axis is in turn disposed on the periphery of a support insulator or particle trap if one is used. The movable contacts are separated axially a distance equal to the axial distance between the peaks and valleys of the corrugations of the outer conductor and separated radially a distance equal to the radial distance between the peaks and valleys of the corrugations of the outer conductor. The transport device has the pivot lever axis disposed perpendicular to the direction of travel of the inner conductor/insulating support assembly.

Nanoscale electromechanical parametric amplifier

DOEpatents

Aleman, Benjamin Jose; Zettl, Alexander

2016-09-20

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to a parametric amplifier. In one aspect, a device includes an electron source electrode, a counter electrode, and a pumping electrode. The electron source electrode may include a conductive base and a flexible conductor. The flexible conductor may have a first end and a second end, with the second end of the flexible conductor being coupled to the conductive base. A cross-sectional dimension of the flexible conductor may be less than about 100 nanometers. The counter electrode may be disposed proximate the first end of the flexible conductor and spaced a first distance from the first end of the flexible conductor. The pumping electrode may be disposed proximate a length of the flexible conductor and spaced a second distance from the flexible conductor.

A Testing Platform for Validation of Overhead Conductor Aging Models and Understanding Thermal Limits

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Irminger, Philip; Starke, Michael R; Dimitrovski, Aleksandar D

2014-01-01

Power system equipment manufacturers and researchers continue to experiment with novel overhead electric conductor designs that support better conductor performance and address congestion issues. To address the technology gap in testing these novel designs, Oak Ridge National Laboratory constructed the Powerline Conductor Accelerated Testing (PCAT) facility to evaluate the performance of novel overhead conductors in an accelerated fashion in a field environment. Additionally, PCAT has the capability to test advanced sensors and measurement methods for accessing overhead conductor performance and condition. Equipped with extensive measurement and monitoring devices, PCAT provides a platform to improve/validate conductor computer models and assess themore » performance of novel conductors. The PCAT facility and its testing capabilities are described in this paper.« less

A 1 kA-class cryogen-free critical current characterization system for superconducting coated conductors.

PubMed

Strickland, N M; Hoffmann, C; Wimbush, S C

2014-11-01

A cryogenic electrical transport measurement system is described that is particularly designed to meet the requirements for routine and effective characterization of commercial second generation high-temperature superconducting (HTS) wires in the form of coated conductors based on YBa2Cu3O7. Specific design parameters include a base temperature of 20 K, an applied magnetic field capability of 8 T (provided by a HTS split-coil magnet), and a measurement current capacity approaching 1 kA. The system accommodates samples up to 12 mm in width (the widest conductor size presently commercially available) and 40 mm long, although this is not a limiting size. The sample is able to be rotated freely with respect to the magnetic field direction about an axis parallel to the current flow, producing field angle variations in the standard maximum Lorentz force configuration. The system is completely free of liquid cryogens for both sample cooling and magnet cool-down and operation. Software enables the system to conduct a full characterization of the temperature, magnetic field, and field angle dependence of the critical current of a sample without any user interaction. The system has successfully been used to measure a wide range of experimental and commercially-available superconducting wire samples sourced from different manufacturers across the full range of operating conditions. The system encapsulates significant advances in HTS magnet design and efficient cryogen-free cooling technologies together with the capability for routine and automated high-current electrical transport measurements at cryogenic temperatures. It will be of interest to both research scientists investigating superconductor behavior and commercial wire manufacturers seeking to accurately characterize the performance of their product under all desired operating conditions.

Development of a persistent superconducting joint between Bi-2212/Ag-alloy multifilamentary round wires

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Peng; Trociewitz, Ulf P.; Davis, Daniel S.; Bosque, Ernesto S.; Hilton, David K.; Kim, Youngjae; Abraimov, Dmytro V.; Starch, William L.; Jiang, Jianyi; Hellstrom, Eric E.; Larbalestier, David C.

2017-02-01

Superconducting joints are one of the key components needed to make Ag-alloy clad Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x (Bi-2212) superconducting round wire (RW) successful for high-field, high-homogeneity magnet applications, especially for nuclear magnetic resonance magnets in which persistent current mode operation is highly desired. In this study, a procedure for fabricating superconducting joints between Bi-2212 RWs during coil reaction was developed. Melting temperatures of Bi-2212 powder with different amounts of Ag addition were investigated by differential thermal analysis so as to provide information for selecting the proper joint matrix. Test joints of 1.3 mm dia. wires heat treated in 1 bar flowing oxygen using the typical partial melt Bi-2212 heat treatment (HT) had transport critical currents I c of ˜900 A at 4.2 K and self-field, decreasing to ˜480 A at 14 T evaluated at 0.1 μV cm-1 at 4.2 K. Compared to the I c of the open-ended short conductor samples with identical 1 bar HT, the I c values of the superconducting joint are ˜20% smaller than that of conductor samples measured in parallel field but ˜20% larger than conductor samples measured in perpendicular field. Microstructures examined by scanning electron microscopy clearly showed the formation of a superconducting Bi-2212 interface between the two Bi-2212 RWs. Furthermore, a Bi-2212 RW closed-loop solenoid with a superconducting joint heat treated in 1 bar flowing oxygen showed an estimated joint resistance below 5 × 10-12 Ω based on its field decay rate. This value is sufficiently low to demonstrate the potential for persistent operation of large inductance Bi-2212 coils.

Wireless tamper detection sensor and sensing system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Woodard, Stanley E. (Inventor); Taylor, Bryant D. (Inventor)

2011-01-01

A wireless tamper detection sensor is defined by a perforated electrical conductor. The conductor is shaped to form a geometric pattern between first and second ends thereof such that the conductor defines an open-circuit that can store and transfer electrical and magnetic energy. The conductor resonates in the presence of a time-varying magnetic field to generate a harmonic response. The harmonic response changes when the conductor experiences a change in its geometric pattern due to severing of the conductor along at least a portion of the perforations. A magnetic field response recorder is used to wirelessly transmit the time-varying magnetic field and wirelessly detecting the conductor's harmonic response.

Size-Dependent Rupture Strain of Elastically Stretchable Metal Conductors

PubMed Central

Graudejus, O.; Jia, Z.; Li, T.; Wagner, S.

2012-01-01

Experiments show that the rupture strain of gold conductors on elastomers decreases as the conductors are made long and narrow. Rupture is caused by the irreversible coalescence of microcracks into one long crack. A mechanics model identifies a critical crack length ℓcr, above which the long crack propagates across the entire conductor width. ℓcr depends on the fracture toughness of the gold film and the width of the conductor. The model provides guidance for the design of highly stretchable conductors. PMID:22773917

Radiofrequency energy deposition and radiofrequency power requirements in parallel transmission with increasing distance from the coil to the sample.

PubMed

Deniz, Cem M; Vaidya, Manushka V; Sodickson, Daniel K; Lattanzi, Riccardo

2016-01-01

We investigated global specific absorption rate (SAR) and radiofrequency (RF) power requirements in parallel transmission as the distance between the transmit coils and the sample was increased. We calculated ultimate intrinsic SAR (UISAR), which depends on object geometry and electrical properties but not on coil design, and we used it as the reference to compare the performance of various transmit arrays. We investigated the case of fixing coil size and increasing the number of coils while moving the array away from the sample, as well as the case of fixing coil number and scaling coil dimensions. We also investigated RF power requirements as a function of lift-off, and tracked local SAR distributions associated with global SAR optima. In all cases, the target excitation profile was achieved and global SAR (as well as associated maximum local SAR) decreased with lift-off, approaching UISAR, which was constant for all lift-offs. We observed a lift-off value that optimizes the balance between global SAR and power losses in coil conductors. We showed that, using parallel transmission, global SAR can decrease at ultra high fields for finite arrays with a sufficient number of transmit elements. For parallel transmission, the distance between coils and object can be optimized to reduce SAR and minimize RF power requirements associated with homogeneous excitation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

A 32-channel lattice transmission line array for parallel transmit and receive MRI at 7 tesla.

PubMed

Adriany, Gregor; Auerbach, Edward J; Snyder, Carl J; Gözübüyük, Ark; Moeller, Steen; Ritter, Johannes; Van de Moortele, Pierre-François; Vaughan, Tommy; Uğurbil, Kâmil

2010-06-01

Transmit and receive RF coil arrays have proven to be particularly beneficial for ultra-high-field MR. Transmit coil arrays enable such techniques as B(1) (+) shimming to substantially improve transmit B(1) homogeneity compared to conventional volume coil designs, and receive coil arrays offer enhanced parallel imaging performance and SNR. Concentric coil arrangements hold promise for developing transceiver arrays incorporating large numbers of coil elements. At magnetic field strengths of 7 tesla and higher where the Larmor frequencies of interest can exceed 300 MHz, the coil array design must also overcome the problem of the coil conductor length approaching the RF wavelength. In this study, a novel concentric arrangement of resonance elements built from capacitively-shortened half-wavelength transmission lines is presented. This approach was utilized to construct an array with whole-brain coverage using 16 transceiver elements and 16 receive-only elements, resulting in a coil with a total of 16 transmit and 32 receive channels. (c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

46 CFR 111.60-4 - Minimum cable conductor size.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Minimum cable conductor size. 111.60-4 Section 111.60-4...-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Wiring Materials and Methods § 111.60-4 Minimum cable conductor size. Each cable conductor must be #18 AWG (0.82 mm2) or larger except— (a) Each power and lighting cable conductor must be...

46 CFR 111.60-4 - Minimum cable conductor size.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Minimum cable conductor size. 111.60-4 Section 111.60-4...-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Wiring Materials and Methods § 111.60-4 Minimum cable conductor size. Each cable conductor must be #18 AWG (0.82 mm2) or larger except— (a) Each power and lighting cable conductor must be...

Wiring assembly and method of forming a channel in a wiring assembly for receiving conductor and providing separate regions of conductor contact with the channel

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stelzer, Gerald; Meinke, Rainer; Senti, Mark

A conductor assembly and method for constructing an assembly of the type which, when conducting current, generates a magnetic field or which, in the presence of a changing magnetic field, induces a voltage. In one embodiment the method provides a first insulative layer tubular in shape and including a surface along which a conductor segment may be positioned. A channel formed in the surface of the insulative layer defines a first conductor path and includes a surface of first contour in cross section along a first plane transverse to the conductor path. A segment of conductor having a surface ofmore » second contour in cross section is positioned at least partly in the channel and extends along the conductor path. Along the first plane, contact between the conductor surface of second contour and the channel surface of first contour includes at least two separate regions of contact.« less

Bipolar pulse forming line

DOEpatents

Rhodes, Mark A.

2008-10-21

A bipolar pulse forming transmission line module for linear induction accelerators having first, second, third, fourth, and fifth planar conductors which form an interleaved stack with dielectric layers between the conductors. Each conductor has a first end, and a second end adjacent an acceleration axis. The first and second planar conductors are connected to each other at the second ends, the fourth and fifth planar conductors are connected to each other at the second ends, and the first and fifth planar conductors are connected to each other at the first ends via a shorting plate adjacent the first ends. The third planar conductor is electrically connectable to a high voltage source, and an internal switch functions to short a high voltage from the first end of the third planar conductor to the first end of the fourth planar conductor to produce a bipolar pulse at the acceleration axis with a zero net time integral. Improved access to the switch is enabled by an aperture through the shorting plate and the proximity of the aperture to the switch.

Push-pull radio frequency circuit with integral transistion to waveguide output

DOEpatents

Bennett, Wilfred P.

1987-01-01

A radio frequency circuit for ICRF heating includes a resonant push-pull circuit, a double ridged rectangular waveguide, and a coupling transition which joins the waveguide to the resonant circuit. The resonant circuit includes two cylindrical conductors mounted side by side and two power vacuum tubes attached to respective ends of a cylindrical conductor. A conductive yoke is located at the other end of the cylindrical conductors to short circuit the two cylindrical conductors. The coupling transition includes two relatively flat rectangular conductors extending perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of a respective cylindrical conductor to which the flat conductor is attached intermediate the ends thereof. Conductive side covers and end covers are also provided for forming pockets in the waveguide into which the flat conductors extend when the waveguide is attached to a shielding enclosure surrounding the resonant circuit.

33 CFR 183.435 - Conductors in circuits of 50 volts or more.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Conductors in circuits of 50... Requirements § 183.435 Conductors in circuits of 50 volts or more. (a) Each conductor in a circuit that has a... nominal circuit voltage of each of three or more current carrying conductors in a duct, bundle, or cable...

33 CFR 183.435 - Conductors in circuits of 50 volts or more.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Conductors in circuits of 50... Requirements § 183.435 Conductors in circuits of 50 volts or more. (a) Each conductor in a circuit that has a... nominal circuit voltage of each of three or more current carrying conductors in a duct, bundle, or cable...

33 CFR 183.435 - Conductors in circuits of 50 volts or more.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Conductors in circuits of 50... Requirements § 183.435 Conductors in circuits of 50 volts or more. (a) Each conductor in a circuit that has a... nominal circuit voltage of each of three or more current carrying conductors in a duct, bundle, or cable...

33 CFR 183.435 - Conductors in circuits of 50 volts or more.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Conductors in circuits of 50... Requirements § 183.435 Conductors in circuits of 50 volts or more. (a) Each conductor in a circuit that has a... nominal circuit voltage of each of three or more current carrying conductors in a duct, bundle, or cable...

33 CFR 183.435 - Conductors in circuits of 50 volts or more.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Conductors in circuits of 50... Requirements § 183.435 Conductors in circuits of 50 volts or more. (a) Each conductor in a circuit that has a... nominal circuit voltage of each of three or more current carrying conductors in a duct, bundle, or cable...

Electric generator

DOEpatents

Foster, Jr., John S.; Wilson, James R.; McDonald, Jr., Charles A.

1983-01-01

1. In an electrical energy generator, the combination comprising a first elongated annular electrical current conductor having at least one bare surface extending longitudinally and facing radially inwards therein, a second elongated annular electrical current conductor disposed coaxially within said first conductor and having an outer bare surface area extending longitudinally and facing said bare surface of said first conductor, the contiguous coaxial areas of said first and second conductors defining an inductive element, means for applying an electrical current to at least one of said conductors for generating a magnetic field encompassing said inductive element, and explosive charge means disposed concentrically with respect to said conductors including at least the area of said inductive element, said explosive charge means including means disposed to initiate an explosive wave front in said explosive advancing longitudinally along said inductive element, said wave front being effective to progressively deform at least one of said conductors to bring said bare surfaces thereof into electrically conductive contact to progressively reduce the inductance of the inductive element defined by said conductors and transferring explosive energy to said magnetic field effective to generate an electrical potential between undeformed portions of said conductors ahead of said explosive wave front.

Keeping an eye on the conductor: neural correlates of visuo-motor synchronization and musical experience.

PubMed

Ono, Kentaro; Nakamura, Akinori; Maess, Burkhard

2015-01-01

For orchestra musicians, synchronized playing under a conductor's direction is necessary to achieve optimal performance. Previous studies using simple auditory/visual stimuli have reported cortico-subcortical networks underlying synchronization and that training improves the accuracy of synchronization. However, it is unclear whether people who played regularly under a conductor and non-musicians activate the same networks when synchronizing with a conductor's gestures. We conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment testing nonmusicians and musicians who regularly play music under a conductor. Participants were required to tap the rhythm they perceived from silent movies displaying either conductor's gestures or a swinging metronome. Musicians performed tapping under a conductor with more precision than nonmusicians. Results from fMRI measurement showed greater activity in the anterior part of the left superior frontal gyrus (SFG) in musicians with more frequent practice under a conductor. Conversely, tapping with the metronome did not show any difference between musicians and nonmusicians, indicating that the expertize effect in tapping under the conductor does not result in a general increase in tapping performance for musicians. These results suggest that orchestra musicians have developed an advanced ability to predict conductor's next action from the gestures.

Electric/magnetic field sensor

DOEpatents

Schill, Jr., Robert A.; Popek, Marc [Las Vegas, NV

2009-01-27

A UNLV novel electric/magnetic dot sensor includes a loop of conductor having two ends to the loop, a first end and a second end; the first end of the conductor seamlessly secured to a first conductor within a first sheath; the second end of the conductor seamlessly secured to a second conductor within a second sheath; and the first sheath and the second sheath positioned adjacent each other. The UNLV novel sensor can be made by removing outer layers in a segment of coaxial cable, leaving a continuous link of essentially uncovered conductor between two coaxial cable legs.

Conductor-polymer composite electrode materials

DOEpatents

Ginley, D.S.; Kurtz, S.R.; Smyrl, W.H.; Zeigler, J.M.

1984-06-13

A conductive composite material useful as an electrode, comprises a conductor and an organic polymer which is reversibly electrochemically dopable to change its electrical conductivity. Said polymer continuously surrounds the conductor in intimate electrical contact therewith and is prepared by electrochemical growth on said conductor or by reaction of its corresponding monomer(s) on said conductor which has been pre-impregnated or pre-coated with an activator for said polymerization. Amount of the conductor is sufficient to render the resultant composite electrically conductive even when the polymer is in an undoped insulating state.

Flat conductor cable design, manufacture, and installation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Angele, W.; Hankins, J. D.

1973-01-01

Pertinent information for hardware selection, design, manufacture, and quality control necessary for flat conductor cable interconnecting harness application is presented. Comparisons are made between round wire cable and flat conductor cable. The flat conductor cable interconnecting harness systems show major cost, weight, and space savings, plus increased system performance and reliability. The design application section includes electrical characteristics, harness design and development, and a full treatise on EMC considerations. Manufacturing and quality control sections pertain primarily to the developed conductor-contact connector system and special flat conductor cable to round wire cable transitions.

Endpoint-based parallel data processing with non-blocking collective instructions in a parallel active messaging interface of a parallel computer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Archer, Charles J; Blocksome, Michael A; Cernohous, Bob R

Endpoint-based parallel data processing with non-blocking collective instructions in a PAMI of a parallel computer is disclosed. The PAMI is composed of data communications endpoints, each including a specification of data communications parameters for a thread of execution on a compute node, including specifications of a client, a context, and a task. The compute nodes are coupled for data communications through the PAMI. The parallel application establishes a data communications geometry specifying a set of endpoints that are used in collective operations of the PAMI by associating with the geometry a list of collective algorithms valid for use with themore » endpoints of the geometry; registering in each endpoint in the geometry a dispatch callback function for a collective operation; and executing without blocking, through a single one of the endpoints in the geometry, an instruction for the collective operation.« less

Conductors for commercial MRI magnets beyond NbTi: requirements and challenges.

PubMed

Parizh, Michael; Lvovsky, Yuri; Sumption, Michael

2017-01-01

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), a powerful medical diagnostic tool, is the largest commercial application of superconductivity. The superconducting magnet is the largest and most expensive component of an MRI system. The magnet configuration is determined by competing requirements including optimized functional performance, patient comfort, ease of siting in a hospital environment, minimum acquisition and lifecycle cost including service. In this paper, we analyze conductor requirements for commercial MRI magnets beyond traditional NbTi conductors, while avoiding links to a particular magnet configuration or design decisions. Potential conductor candidates include MgB 2 , ReBCO and BSCCO options. The analysis shows that no MRI-ready non-NbTi conductor is commercially available at the moment. For some conductors, MRI specifications will be difficult to achieve in principle. For others, cost is a key barrier. In some cases, the prospects for developing an MRI-ready conductor are more favorable, but significant developments are still needed. The key needs include the development of, or significant improvements in: (a) conductors specifically designed for MRI applications, with form-fit-and-function readily integratable into the present MRI magnet technology with minimum modifications. Preferably, similar conductors should be available from multiple vendors; (b) conductors with improved quench characteristics, i.e. the ability to carry significant current without damage while in the resistive state; (c) insulation which is compatible with manufacturing and refrigeration technologies; (d) dramatic increases in production and long-length quality control, including large-volume conductor manufacturing technology. In-situ MgB 2 is, perhaps, the closest to meeting commercial and technical requirements to become suitable for commercial MRI. Conductor technology is an important, but not the only, issue in introduction of HTS / MgB 2 conductor into commercial MRI magnets. These new conductors, even when they meet the above requirements, will likely require numerous modifications and developments in the associated magnet technology.

Conductors for commercial MRI magnets beyond NbTi: requirements and challenges

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Parizh, Michael; Lvovsky, Yuri; Sumption, Michael

2017-01-01

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a powerful medical diagnostic tool, is the largest commercial application of superconductivity. The superconducting magnet is the largest and most expensive component of an MRI system. The magnet configuration is determined by competing requirements including optimized functional performance, patient comfort, ease of siting in a hospital environment, minimum acquisition and lifecycle cost including service. In this paper, we analyze conductor requirements for commercial MRI magnets beyond traditional NbTi conductors, while avoiding links to a particular magnet configuration or design decisions. Potential conductor candidates include MgB2, ReBCO and BSCCO options. The analysis shows that no MRI-ready non-NbTi conductor is commercially available at the moment. For some conductors, MRI specifications will be difficult to achieve in principle. For others, cost is a key barrier. In some cases, the prospects for developing an MRI-ready conductor are more favorable, but significant developments are still needed. The key needs include the development of, or significant improvements in: (a) conductors specifically designed for MRI applications, with form-fit-and-function readily integratable into the present MRI magnet technology with minimum modifications. Preferably, similar conductors should be available from multiple vendors; (b) conductors with improved quench characteristics, i.e. the ability to carry significant current without damage while in the resistive state; (c) insulation which is compatible with manufacturing and refrigeration technologies; (d) dramatic increases in production and long-length quality control, including large-volume conductor manufacturing technology. In-situ MgB2 is, perhaps, the closest to meeting commercial and technical requirements to become suitable for commercial MRI. Conductor technology is an important, but not the only, issue in introduction of HTS/MgB2 conductor into commercial MRI magnets. These new conductors, even when they meet the above requirements, will likely require numerous modifications and developments in the associated magnet technology.

Conductors for commercial MRI magnets beyond NbTi: requirements and challenges

PubMed Central

Parizh, Michael; Lvovsky, Yuri; Sumption, Michael

2016-01-01

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), a powerful medical diagnostic tool, is the largest commercial application of superconductivity. The superconducting magnet is the largest and most expensive component of an MRI system. The magnet configuration is determined by competing requirements including optimized functional performance, patient comfort, ease of siting in a hospital environment, minimum acquisition and lifecycle cost including service. In this paper, we analyze conductor requirements for commercial MRI magnets beyond traditional NbTi conductors, while avoiding links to a particular magnet configuration or design decisions. Potential conductor candidates include MgB2, ReBCO and BSCCO options. The analysis shows that no MRI-ready non-NbTi conductor is commercially available at the moment. For some conductors, MRI specifications will be difficult to achieve in principle. For others, cost is a key barrier. In some cases, the prospects for developing an MRI-ready conductor are more favorable, but significant developments are still needed. The key needs include the development of, or significant improvements in: (a) conductors specifically designed for MRI applications, with form-fit-and-function readily integratable into the present MRI magnet technology with minimum modifications. Preferably, similar conductors should be available from multiple vendors; (b) conductors with improved quench characteristics, i.e. the ability to carry significant current without damage while in the resistive state; (c) insulation which is compatible with manufacturing and refrigeration technologies; (d) dramatic increases in production and long-length quality control, including large-volume conductor manufacturing technology. In-situ MgB2 is, perhaps, the closest to meeting commercial and technical requirements to become suitable for commercial MRI. Conductor technology is an important, but not the only, issue in introduction of HTS / MgB2 conductor into commercial MRI magnets. These new conductors, even when they meet the above requirements, will likely require numerous modifications and developments in the associated magnet technology. PMID:28626340

Miniature intermittent contact switch

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sword, A.

1972-01-01

Design of electric switch for providing intermittent contact is presented. Switch consists of flexible conductor surrounding, but separated from, fixed conductor. Flexing of outside conductor to contact fixed conductor completes circuit. Advantage is small size of switch compared to standard switches.

Reactive conductors for increased efficiency of exploding foil initiators and other detonators

DOEpatents

Morris, Christopher J.; Wilkins, Paul; May, Chadd; Zakar, Eugene

2015-05-05

Provided among other things are reactive energetic material systems used for conductors in detonators for increased efficiencies. According to an embodiment, a detonator may include: a conductor including at least two constituents including (i) an electrically conductive constituent, and (ii) an electrically non-conductive constituent, that when subjected to sufficient electrical energy, result in an exothermic reaction; and a flyer plate having a non-conductive surface in contact with said conductor. When the sufficient electrical energy is supplied to said conductor, rapid heating and vaporization of at least a portion of the conductor occurs so as to explosively drive at least a portion of the flyer plate away from said conductor. In an embodiment, a multilayer conductor may be formed of alternating layers of at least one electrically conductive layer, and at least one electrically non-conductive layer, that when subjected to sufficient electrical energy, result in an exothermic reaction.

Vertically aligned gas-insulated transmission line having particle traps at the inner conductor

DOEpatents

Dale, Steinar J.

1984-01-01

Gas insulated electrical apparatus having first and second conductors separated by an insulating support within an insulating gas environment, and particle traps disposed along the surface of the high potential conductor for trapping and inactivating foreign particles which may be present within the insulating gas medium. Several embodiments of the invention were developed which are particularly suited for vertically aligned gas insulated transmission lines. The particle traps are grooves or cavities formed into the walls of the tubular inner conductor, without extending into the hollow portion of the conductor. In other embodiments, the traps are appendages or insert flanges extending from the inner conductor, with the insulator supports contacting the appendages instead of the inner conductor.

High-field double-pancake superconducting coils and a method of winding

DOEpatents

Materna, P.A.

1984-01-31

A double-pancake coil having first and second pancakes may comprise a plurality of conductor means, each conductor means having a different grade and having one or more conductors, wherein each pancake of said double-pancake coil is comprised of inner and outer turns; wherein said inner turns are comprised of at least one of said conductor means wound about an axis and nested within one another; wherein said outer turns are comprised of said inner conductor means and at least one other conductor means co-wound about said inner turns and nested within one another; wherein each of said conductor means is wound along said axis from said first pancake to said second pancake at a different turn.

High-field double-pancake superconducting coils and a method of winding

DOEpatents

Materna, Peter A.

1985-01-01

A double-pancake coil having first and second pancakes may comprise a plurality of conductor means, each conductor means having a different grade and having one or more conductors, wherein each pancake of said double-pancake coil is comprised of inner and outer turns; wherein said inner turns are comprised of at least one of said conductor means wound about an axis and nested within one another; wherein said outer turns are comprised of said inner conductor means and at least one other conductor means co-wound about said inner turns and nested within one another; wherein each of said conductor means is wound along said axis from said first pancake to said second pancake at a different turn.

30 CFR 56.12010 - Isolation or insulation of communication conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... conductors. 56.12010 Section 56.12010 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... MINES Electricity § 56.12010 Isolation or insulation of communication conductors. Telephone and low... energized power conductors or any other power source. ...

30 CFR 56.12010 - Isolation or insulation of communication conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... conductors. 56.12010 Section 56.12010 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... MINES Electricity § 56.12010 Isolation or insulation of communication conductors. Telephone and low... energized power conductors or any other power source. ...

30 CFR Appendix I to Subpart D of... - Appendix I to Subpart D of Part 18

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 60 °C. copper temperature (40 °C. ambient) Resistance at 60 °C. copper temperature (ohms) 6 550 50 0... Temperature—40 °C. Ambient) Conductor size—AWG or MCM Single conductor 2-conductor, round or flat 3-conductor... 2—Portable Cord Ampacities—600 Volts (Amperes Per Conductor Based on 60 °C. Copper Temperature—40 °C...

Superconducting magnet cooling system

DOEpatents

Vander Arend, Peter C.; Fowler, William B.

1977-01-01

A device is provided for cooling a conductor to the superconducting state. The conductor is positioned within an inner conduit through which is flowing a supercooled liquid coolant in physical contact with the conductor. The inner conduit is positioned within an outer conduit so that an annular open space is formed therebetween. Through the annular space is flowing coolant in the boiling liquid state. Heat generated by the conductor is transferred by convection within the supercooled liquid coolant to the inner wall of the inner conduit and then is removed by the boiling liquid coolant, making the heat removal from the conductor relatively independent of conductor length.

Conductive Carbon Nanotube Inks for Use with Desktop Inkjet Printing Technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roberson, Luke; Williams, Martha; Tate, LaNetra; Fortier, Craig; Smith, David; Davia, Kyle; Gibson, Tracy; Snyder, Sarah

2013-01-01

Inkjet printing is a common commercial process. In addition to the familiar use in printing documents from computers, it is also used in some industrial applications. For example, wire manufacturers are required by law to print the wire type, gauge, and safety information on the exterior of each foot of manufactured wire, and this is typically done with inkjet or laser printers. The goal of this work was the creation of conductive inks that can be applied to a wire or flexible substrates via inkjet printing methods. The use of inkjet printing technology to print conductive inks has been in testing for several years. While researchers have been able to get the printing system to mechanically work, the application of conductive inks on substrates has not consistently produced adequate low resistances in the kilohm range. Conductive materials can be applied using a printer in single or multiple passes onto a substrate including textiles, polymer films, and paper. The conductive materials are composed of electrical conductors such as carbon nanotubes (including functionalized carbon nanotubes and metal-coated carbon nanotubes); graphene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (e.g., pentacene and bisperipentacene); metal nanoparticles; inherently conductive polymers (ICP); and combinations thereof. Once the conductive materials are applied, the materials are dried and sintered to form adherent conductive materials on the substrate. For certain formulations, increased conductivity can be achieved by printing on substrates supported by low levels of magnetic field alignment. The adherent conductive materials can be used in applications such as damage detection, dust particle removal, smart coating systems, and flexible electronic circuitry. By applying alternating layers of different electrical conductors to form a layered composite material, a single homogeneous layer can be produced with improved electrical properties. It is believed that patterning alternate layers of different conductors may improve electrical pathways through alignment of the conductors and band gap optimization. One feature of this innovation is that flexible conductive traces could be accomplished with a conductive ink having a surface resistivity of less than 10 ohms/square. Another result was that a composite material comprising a mixture of carbon nanotubes and metallic nanoparticles could be applied by inkjet printing to flexible substrates, and the resulting applied material was one to two orders of magnitude more conductive than a material made by printing inks containing carbon nanotubes alone.

Method and apparatus for preparing multiconductor cable with flat conductors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marcell, G. V. (Inventor)

1969-01-01

A method and apparatus for preparing flat conductor cable having a plurality of ribbon-like conductors disposed upon and adhesively bonded to the surface of a substrate is described. The conductors are brought into contact with the substrate surface, and while maintained in axial tension on said substrate, the combination is seated on a yieldably compressible layer to permit the conductor to become embedded into the surface of the substrate film.

33 CFR 159.73 - Conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Conductors. 159.73 Section 159.73 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION MARINE SANITATION DEVICES Design, Construction, and Testing § 159.73 Conductors. Current carrying conductors must be...

30 CFR 7.403 - Application requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., round or flat). (iii) Number and size (gauge) of each conductor. (iv) Voltage rating for all cables containing electric conductors. (v) For electric cables, current-carrying capacity of each conductor, with corresponding ambient temperature upon which the current rating (ampacity) is based, of each power conductor. (2...

33 CFR 159.73 - Conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Conductors. 159.73 Section 159.73 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) POLLUTION MARINE SANITATION DEVICES Design, Construction, and Testing § 159.73 Conductors. Current carrying conductors must be...

30 CFR 57.12010 - Isolation or insulation of communication conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... conductors. 57.12010 Section 57.12010 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... conductors. Telephone and low-potential signal wire shall be protected, by isolation or suitable insulation, or both, from contacting energized power conductors or any other power source. ...

30 CFR 57.12010 - Isolation or insulation of communication conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... conductors. 57.12010 Section 57.12010 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... conductors. Telephone and low-potential signal wire shall be protected, by isolation or suitable insulation, or both, from contacting energized power conductors or any other power source. ...

Electrostatic separation for recycling conductors, semiconductors, and nonconductors from electronic waste.

PubMed

Xue, Mianqiang; Yan, Guoqing; Li, Jia; Xu, Zhenming

2012-10-02

Electrostatic separation has been widely used to separate conductors and nonconductors for recycling e-waste. However, the components of e-waste are complex, which can be classified as conductors, semiconductors, and nonconductors according to their conducting properties. In this work, we made a novel attempt to recover the mixtures containing conductors (copper), semiconductors (extrinsic silicon), and nonconductors (woven glass reinforced resin) by electrostatic separation. The results of binary mixtures separation show that the separation of conductor and nonconductor, semiconductor and nonconductor need a higher voltage level while the separation of conductor and semiconductor needs a higher roll speed. Furthermore, the semiconductor separation efficiency is more sensitive to the high voltage level and the roll speed than the conductor separation efficiency. An integrated process was proposed for the multiple mixtures separation. The separation efficiency of conductors and semiconductors can reach 82.5% and 88%, respectively. This study contributes to the efficient recycling of valuable resources from e-waste.

A computer program to perform dynamic thermal analysis for bare overhead conductors during short-time overload conditions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shrestha, P.; Pham, K.

1995-12-31

Under emergency conditions, a bare overhead conductor can carry an increased amount of current that is well in excess of its normal rating. When there is this increase in current flow on a bare overhead conductor, the temperature does not rise instantaneously. but increases along a curve determined by the current, the conductor properties and the ambient conditions. The conductor temperature at the end of a short-time overload period must be restricted to its maximum design value. This paper presents a simplified approach in analyzing the dynamic performance for bare overhead conductors during short-time overload condition. A computer program wasmore » developed to calculate the short-time ratings for bare overhead conductors. The following parameters: current induced heating. solar load, convective/conductive cooling, radiative cooling, altitude, wind velocity and ampacity of the bare conductor were considered. Several sample graphical output lots are included with the paper.« less

Structure for monolithic optical circuits

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Evanchuk, Vincent L. (Inventor)

1984-01-01

A method for making monolithic optical circuits, with related optical devices as required or desired, on a supporting surface (10) consists of coating the supporting surface with reflecting metal or cladding resin, spreading a layer of liquid radiation sensitive plastic (12) on the surface, exposing the liquid plastic with a mask (14) to cure it in a desired pattern of light conductors (16, 18, 20), washing away the unexposed liquid plastic, and coating the conductors thus formed with reflective metal or cladding resin. The index of refraction for the cladding (22) is selected to be lower than for the conductors so that light in the conductors will be reflected by the interface with the cladding. For multiple level conductors, as where one conductor must cross over another, the process may be repeated to fabricate a bridge with columns (24, 26) of conductors to the next level, and conductor (28) between the columns. For more efficient transfer of energy over the bridge, faces at 45.degree. may be formed to reflect light up and across the bridge.

On the correct choice of equivalent circuit for fitting bulk impedance data of ionic/electronic conductors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hernández, Miguel A.; Masó, Nahum; West, Anthony R.

Bulk conductivity data of ionically and electronically conducting solid electrolytes and electronic ceramics invariably show a frequency dependence that cannot be modelled by a single-valued resistor. To model this, common practice is to add a constant phase element (CPE) in parallel with the bulk resistance. To fit experimental data on a wide variety of materials, however, it is also essential to include the limiting, high frequency permittivity of the material in the equivalent circuit. Failure to do so can lead to incorrect values for the sample resistance and CPE parameters and to an inappropriate circuit for materials that are electricallymore » heterogeneous.« less

Influence of Different Geometric Representations of the Volume Conductor on Nerve Activation during Electrical Stimulation

PubMed Central

Gómez-Tames, José; González, José; Yu, Wenwei

2014-01-01

Volume conductor models with different geometric representations, such as the parallel layer model (PM), the cylindrical layer model (CM), or the anatomically based model (AM), have been employed during the implementation of bioelectrical models for electrical stimulation (FES). Evaluating their strengths and limitations to predict nerve activation is fundamental to achieve a good trade-off between accuracy and computation time. However, there are no studies aimed at clarifying the following questions. (1) Does the nerve activation differ between CM and PM? (2) How well do CM and PM approximate an AM? (3) What is the effect of the presence of blood vessels and nerve trunk on nerve activation prediction? Therefore, in this study, we addressed these questions by comparing nerve activation between CM, PM, and AM models by FES. The activation threshold was used to evaluate the models under different configurations of superficial electrodes (size and distance), nerve depths, and stimulation sites. Additionally, the influences of the sciatic nerve, femoral artery, and femoral vein were inspected for a human thigh. The results showed that the CM and PM had a high error rate, but the variation of the activation threshold followed the same tendency for electrode size and interelectrode distance variation as AM. PMID:25276222

Development of coated conductors by inclined substrate deposition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balachandran, U.; Ma, B.; Li, M.; Fisher, B. L.; Koritala, R. E.; Miller, D. J.; Dorris, S. E.

2003-10-01

Inclined substrate deposition (ISD) offers the potential for rapid production of high-quality biaxially textured buffer layers suitable for YBa 2Cu 3O 7- δ (YBCO)-coated conductors. We have grown biaxially textured magnesium oxide (MgO) films on Hastelloy C276 (HC) substrates by ISD at deposition rates of 20-100 Å/s. Scanning electron microscopy of the ISD MgO films showed columnar grain structures with a roof-tile-shaped surface. X-ray pole figure analysis revealed that the c-axis of the ISD MgO films is titled at an angle ≈32° from the substrate normal. A small full-width at half maximum of ≈9° was observed for the φ-scan of MgO films. YBCO films were grown on ISD MgO buffered HC substrates by pulsed laser deposition and were determined to be biaxially aligned with the c-axis parallel to the substrate normal. The orientation relationship between the ISD template and the top YBCO film was investigated by X-ray pole figure analysis and transmission electron microscopy. A transport critical current density of Jc=5.5×10 5 A/cm 2 at 77 K in self-field was measured on a YBCO film that was 0.46-μm thick, 4-mm wide, 10-mm long.

Downhole transmission system

DOEpatents

Hall, David R [Provo, UT; Fox, Joe [Spanish Fork, UT

2008-01-15

A transmission system in a downhole component comprises a data transmission element in both ends of the downhole component. Each data transmission element houses an electrically conducting coil in a MCEI circular trough. An electrical conductor connects both the transmission elements. The electrical conductor comprises at least three electrically conductive elements insulated from each other. In the preferred embodiment the electrical conductor comprises an electrically conducting outer shield, an electrically conducting inner shield and an electrical conducting core. In some embodiments of the present invention, the electrical conductor comprises an electrically insulating jacket. In other embodiments, the electrical conductor comprises a pair of twisted wires. In some embodiments, the electrical conductor comprises semi-conductive material.

Multiwire conductor having greatly increased interwire resistance and method for making same

DOEpatents

Luhman, Thomas; Suenaga, Masaki

1984-01-17

An improved multiwire conductor of the type which is mechanically stabilized by a tin based solder filler. A solder filled conductor is heated to a temperature above its melting point for a period long enough to allow a substantial amount of copper to be dissolved from the wires comprising the conductor. The copper forms the brittle intermetallic compound Cu.sub.5 Sn.sub.6 with tin in the solder. After cooling the conductor is flexed causing a random cracking of the solder, and thereby increasing the interwire resistance of the conductor. The subject invention is particularly adapted for use with braided, ribbon-type solder filled superconductors.

Multiwire conductor having increased interwire resistance and good mechanical stability and method for making same

DOEpatents

Luhman, Thomas; Klamut, Carl

1984-02-14

An improved multiwire conductor of the type which is mechanically stabilized by a solder filler. A solder filled conductor is heated to a temperature sufficient to make the solder brittle, but below the melting point of the solder. While still hot, the conductor is flexed, causing the solder to separate from the wires comprising the conductor, thereby increasing the interwire resistance. In one embodiment the conductor may be heated to a temperature above the eutectic temperature of the solder so that a controlled amount of solder is removed. The subject invention is particularly suited for use with braided, ribbon-type, solder filled superconductors.

Multiwire conductor having increased interwire resistance and good mechanical stability and method for making same

DOEpatents

Luhman, T.; Klamut, C.

1982-03-15

An improved multiwire conductor of the type which is mechanically stabilized by a solder filler. A solder filled conductor is heated to a temperature sufficient to make the solder brittle, but below the melting point of the solder. While still hot, the conductor is flexed, causing the solder to separate from the wires comprising the conductor, thereby increasing the interwire resistance. In one embodiment the conductor may be heated to a temperature above the eutectic temperature of the solder so that a controlled amount of solder is removed. The subject invention is particularly suited for use with braided, ribbon-type, solder filled superconductors.

30 CFR 75.1002 - Installation of electric equipment and conductors; permissibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... conductors; permissibility. 75.1002 Section 75.1002 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION... Wires and Trolley Feeder Wires § 75.1002 Installation of electric equipment and conductors... equipment is located within 150 feet of pillar workings or longwall faces. (b) Electric conductors and...

30 CFR 75.513 - Electric conductor; capacity and insulation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Electric conductor; capacity and insulation. 75.513 Section 75.513 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COAL... § 75.513 Electric conductor; capacity and insulation. [Statutory Provision] All electric conductors...

30 CFR 75.700 - Grounding metallic sheaths, armors, and conduits enclosing power conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... conduits enclosing power conductors. 75.700 Section 75.700 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH... Grounding § 75.700 Grounding metallic sheaths, armors, and conduits enclosing power conductors. [Statutory Provisions] All metallic sheaths, armors, and conduits enclosing power conductors shall be electrically...

30 CFR 77.700 - Grounding metallic sheaths, armors, and conduits enclosing power conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... conduits enclosing power conductors. 77.700 Section 77.700 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH..., and conduits enclosing power conductors. Metallic sheaths, armors, and conduits enclosing power conductors shall be electrically continuous throughout and shall be grounded by methods approved by an...

30 CFR 75.700 - Grounding metallic sheaths, armors, and conduits enclosing power conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... conduits enclosing power conductors. 75.700 Section 75.700 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH... Grounding § 75.700 Grounding metallic sheaths, armors, and conduits enclosing power conductors. [Statutory Provisions] All metallic sheaths, armors, and conduits enclosing power conductors shall be electrically...

46 CFR 129.380 - Overcurrent protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... protection must be provided for each ungrounded conductor, to open the electric circuit if the current reaches a value that causes an excessive or dangerous temperature in the conductor or its insulation. (b) Each conductor of a control, interlock, or indicator circuit, such as a conductor for an instrument...

46 CFR 120.380 - Overcurrent protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... for each ungrounded conductor for the purpose of opening the electric circuit if the current reaches a value that causes an excessive or dangerous temperature in the conductor or conductor insulation. (b) The grounded conductor of a circuit must not be disconnected by a switch or circuit breaker, unless...

46 CFR 120.380 - Overcurrent protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... for each ungrounded conductor for the purpose of opening the electric circuit if the current reaches a value that causes an excessive or dangerous temperature in the conductor or conductor insulation. (b) The grounded conductor of a circuit must not be disconnected by a switch or circuit breaker, unless...

30 CFR 77.700 - Grounding metallic sheaths, armors, and conduits enclosing power conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... conduits enclosing power conductors. 77.700 Section 77.700 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH..., and conduits enclosing power conductors. Metallic sheaths, armors, and conduits enclosing power conductors shall be electrically continuous throughout and shall be grounded by methods approved by an...

30 CFR 75.1002 - Installation of electric equipment and conductors; permissibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... conductors; permissibility. 75.1002 Section 75.1002 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION... Wires and Trolley Feeder Wires § 75.1002 Installation of electric equipment and conductors... equipment is located within 150 feet of pillar workings or longwall faces. (b) Electric conductors and...

30 CFR 75.513 - Electric conductor; capacity and insulation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Electric conductor; capacity and insulation. 75.513 Section 75.513 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COAL... § 75.513 Electric conductor; capacity and insulation. [Statutory Provision] All electric conductors...

46 CFR 111.05-33 - Equipment safety grounding (bonding) conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Equipment safety grounding (bonding) conductors. 111.05... ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Equipment Ground, Ground Detection, and Grounded Systems § 111.05-33 Equipment safety grounding (bonding) conductors. (a) Each equipment-grounding conductor must...

46 CFR 111.05-33 - Equipment safety grounding (bonding) conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Equipment safety grounding (bonding) conductors. 111.05... ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Equipment Ground, Ground Detection, and Grounded Systems § 111.05-33 Equipment safety grounding (bonding) conductors. (a) Each equipment-grounding conductor must...

46 CFR 111.05-33 - Equipment safety grounding (bonding) conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Equipment safety grounding (bonding) conductors. 111.05... ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Equipment Ground, Ground Detection, and Grounded Systems § 111.05-33 Equipment safety grounding (bonding) conductors. (a) Each equipment-grounding conductor must...

33 CFR 159.71 - Electrical controls and conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Electrical controls and... Electrical controls and conductors. Electrical controls and conductors must be installed in accordance with good marine practice. Wire must be copper and must be stranded. Electrical controls and conductors must...

33 CFR 159.71 - Electrical controls and conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Electrical controls and... Electrical controls and conductors. Electrical controls and conductors must be installed in accordance with good marine practice. Wire must be copper and must be stranded. Electrical controls and conductors must...

33 CFR 159.71 - Electrical controls and conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Electrical controls and... Electrical controls and conductors. Electrical controls and conductors must be installed in accordance with good marine practice. Wire must be copper and must be stranded. Electrical controls and conductors must...

Resistive coating for current conductors in cryogenic applications

DOEpatents

Hirayama, Chikara; Wagner, George R.

1982-05-18

This invention relates to a resistive or semiconducting coating for use on current conductors in cryogenic applications. This includes copper-clad superconductor wire, copper wire used for stabilizing superconductor magnets, and for hyperconductors. The coating is a film of cuprous sulfide (Cu.sub.2 S) that has been found not to degrade the properties of the conductors. It is very adherent to the respective conductors and satisfies the mechanical, thermal and electrical requirements of coatings for the conductors.

Study on galloping behavior of iced eight bundle conductor transmission lines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Linshu; Yan, Bo; Zhang, Liang; Zhou, Song

2016-02-01

Wind tunnel test was carried out to obtain the aerodynamic coefficients of an eight bundle conductor accreted with crescent-shaped ice. A user-defined cable element with torsional degree of freedom is developed in ABAQUS software to capture the torsional deformation of the iced conductors during galloping. By means of the user-defined cable element, different damping ratios in in-plane, out-of-plane and torsional directions of the conductors can be defined and the aerodynamic forces varying with their motion status can be exerted on the conductors conveniently when ABAQUS is used to simulate galloping of transmission lines. A wind tunnel test to model galloping of an iced eight bundle conductor segment was carried out, and the validity of the numerical simulation method is demonstrated by the agreement of the galloping orbit of the bundle conductor segment model recorded in the test and that by the numerical simulation. Furthermore, galloping behavior, including dynamic responses, galloping orbits, frequencies, vibration modes and amplitudes, of typical iced eight bundle conductor transmission lines in the cases of different span lengths, initial tensions in sub-conductors, wind velocities, angles of wind attack and damping ratios is studied, and the galloping behavior of the lines with internal resonance conditions is discussed. The obtained results may provide a fundamental tool for the development of anti-galloping techniques of eight bundle conductor transmission lines.

High pressure, high current, low inductance, high reliability sealed terminals

DOEpatents

Hsu, John S [Oak Ridge, TN; McKeever, John W [Oak Ridge, TN

2010-03-23

The invention is a terminal assembly having a casing with at least one delivery tapered-cone conductor and at least one return tapered-cone conductor routed there-through. The delivery and return tapered-cone conductors are electrically isolated from each other and positioned in the annuluses of ordered concentric cones at an off-normal angle. The tapered cone conductor service can be AC phase conductors and DC link conductors. The center core has at least one service conduit of gate signal leads, diagnostic signal wires, and refrigerant tubing routed there-through. A seal material is in direct contact with the casing inner surface, the tapered-cone conductors, and the service conduits thereby hermetically filling the interstitial space in the casing interior core and center core. The assembly provides simultaneous high-current, high-pressure, low-inductance, and high-reliability service.

Fabrication and modeling of stretchable conductors for traumatic brain injury research

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cao, Wenzhe

Stretchable electronics are an emergent class of electronics that can retain their electric functionality under large mechanical deformation, such as stretching, bending and compression. Like traditional electric circuits, stretchable electronics rely on electrical conductors, but in this specific instance the conductors must also be stretchable. This thesis research had three goals: (1) fabricate elastically stretchable conductors that retain their electrical conductance when stretched by tens of percent of strain; (2) understand the underlying stretching mechanism of gold conductors on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates; (3) produce a special device---a stretchable microelectrode array, which contains a matrix of stretchable conductors that enables a new approach to studying traumatic brain injury. We first developed and optimized the micro-fabrication process to make elastically stretchable thin gold film conductors on PDMS substrates. The conductors can retain electrical conduction while being stretched reversibly to 140% uniaxially and 16% radially. We further developed a fabrication process to encapsulate the conductors with either a commercially available photopatternable silicone (PPS) or with PDMS. 100 microm by 100 microm vias were patterned in the encapsulation layer to expose electrical contacts. PPS encapsulated conductors can be stretched uniaxially to 80%, and the PDMS encapsulated conductor can be stretched to ˜15%, without losing electrical conduction. We also introduced acrylate-based shape memory polymers (SMPs) as a new type of substrate for stretchable conductors. Their stiffness can be tuned by varying the monomer composition or by changing the ambient temperature. Thin gold film conductors deposited on pre-strained SMPs remain conductive when first stretched and then relaxed to their pre-strain value. Moreover, an SMP can also serve as a stretchable carrier to make pre-strained conductors on an overlying PDMS membrane. The resistance of gold conductors made on pre-strained PDMS changes less during stretching than that made on non-pre-strained PDMS substrate. We built a model of the electrical resistance in function of strain. The model is based on the topography of the thin gold film on PDMS. This model is a first attempt at predicting electrical resistance of stretchable thin gold film conductors. Lastly, we fabricated stretchable microelectrode arrays (SMEAs). They were utilized at Columbia University to study traumatic brain injury (TBI). Tissues cultured on SMEA remained viable for 19 days, and the electrodes were able to both stimulate and record neural tissue activity before, during and after stretching. Therefore SMEAs are able to bring together mechanical injury, electrophysiological recording and pharmacological studies. The SMEAs could serve as in vitro platforms for high throughput therapeutic screening and discovery for traumatic injury. The ability to reproducibly fabricate stretchable conductors using micro-fabrication technology will facilitate adoption by industry. The ability to understand the stretching mechanism will enable us to design more robust material systems. The SMEA prototypes demonstrate that stretchable conductors are practical, and their mechanical compatibility with biological systems also makes them candidates for use in biomedical devices.

30 CFR 57.12048 - Communication conductors on power poles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Communication conductors on power poles. 57... MINES Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12048 Communication conductors on power poles. Telegraph, telephone, or signal wires shall not be installed on the same crossarm with power conductors. When carried...

46 CFR 183.372 - Equipment and conductor grounding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Equipment and conductor grounding. 183.372 Section 183... conductor grounding. (a) All metallic enclosures and frames of electrical equipment must be permanently... equipment must be bonded together to a common ground by a normally non-current carrying conductor. Metallic...

30 CFR 57.12005 - Protection of power conductors from mobile equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Protection of power conductors from mobile... NONMETAL MINES Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12005 Protection of power conductors from mobile equipment. Mobile equipment shall not run over power conductors, nor shall loads be dragged over power...

33 CFR 183.455 - Overcurrent protection: General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

....455 Overcurrent protection: General. (a) Each ungrounded current-carrying conductor must be protected... breaker or fuse must be placed at the source of power for each circuit or conductor except: (1) If it is... seven inches of the source of power for each circuit or conductor measured along the conductor. (2) If...

46 CFR 120.372 - Equipment and conductor grounding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Equipment and conductor grounding. 120.372 Section 120... INSTALLATION Power Sources and Distribution Systems § 120.372 Equipment and conductor grounding. (a) All... together to a common ground by a normally non-current carrying conductor. Metallic cases of instruments and...

46 CFR 183.380 - Overcurrent protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...) Overcurrent protection must be provided for each ungrounded conductor for the purpose of opening the electric circuit if the current reaches a value that causes an excessive or dangerous temperature in the conductor or conductor insulation. (b) The grounded conductor of a circuit must not be disconnected by a switch...

46 CFR 183.372 - Equipment and conductor grounding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Equipment and conductor grounding. 183.372 Section 183... conductor grounding. (a) All metallic enclosures and frames of electrical equipment must be permanently... equipment must be bonded together to a common ground by a normally non-current carrying conductor. Metallic...

46 CFR 183.380 - Overcurrent protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...) Overcurrent protection must be provided for each ungrounded conductor for the purpose of opening the electric circuit if the current reaches a value that causes an excessive or dangerous temperature in the conductor or conductor insulation. (b) The grounded conductor of a circuit must not be disconnected by a switch...

30 CFR 77.503 - Electric conductors; capacity and insulation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Electric conductors; capacity and insulation... UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Electrical Equipment-General § 77.503 Electric conductors; capacity and insulation. Electric conductors shall be sufficient in size and have adequate current carrying capacity and be of such...

30 CFR 57.12048 - Communication conductors on power poles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Communication conductors on power poles. 57... MINES Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12048 Communication conductors on power poles. Telegraph, telephone, or signal wires shall not be installed on the same crossarm with power conductors. When carried...

30 CFR 75.513-1 - Electric conductor; size.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Electric conductor; size. 75.513-1 Section 75.513-1 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COAL MINE SAFETY... Electric conductor; size. An electric conductor is not of sufficient size to have adequate carrying...

30 CFR 56.12048 - Communication conductors on power poles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Communication conductors on power poles. 56... Electricity § 56.12048 Communication conductors on power poles. Telegraph, telephone, or signal wires shall not be installed on the same crossarm with power conductors. When carried on poles supporting...

30 CFR 77.503 - Electric conductors; capacity and insulation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Electric conductors; capacity and insulation... UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Electrical Equipment-General § 77.503 Electric conductors; capacity and insulation. Electric conductors shall be sufficient in size and have adequate current carrying capacity and be of such...

21 CFR 868.1920 - Esophageal stethoscope with electrical conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Esophageal stethoscope with electrical conductors... stethoscope with electrical conductors. (a) Identification. An esophageal stethoscope with electrical conductors is a device that is inserted into the esophagus to listen to a patient's heart and breath sounds...

30 CFR 56.12048 - Communication conductors on power poles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Communication conductors on power poles. 56... Electricity § 56.12048 Communication conductors on power poles. Telegraph, telephone, or signal wires shall not be installed on the same crossarm with power conductors. When carried on poles supporting...

46 CFR 120.372 - Equipment and conductor grounding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Equipment and conductor grounding. 120.372 Section 120... INSTALLATION Power Sources and Distribution Systems § 120.372 Equipment and conductor grounding. (a) All... together to a common ground by a normally non-current carrying conductor. Metallic cases of instruments and...

33 CFR 183.455 - Overcurrent protection: General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

....455 Overcurrent protection: General. (a) Each ungrounded current-carrying conductor must be protected... breaker or fuse must be placed at the source of power for each circuit or conductor except: (1) If it is... seven inches of the source of power for each circuit or conductor measured along the conductor. (2) If...

30 CFR 57.12005 - Protection of power conductors from mobile equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Protection of power conductors from mobile... NONMETAL MINES Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12005 Protection of power conductors from mobile equipment. Mobile equipment shall not run over power conductors, nor shall loads be dragged over power...

21 CFR 868.1920 - Esophageal stethoscope with electrical conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Esophageal stethoscope with electrical conductors... stethoscope with electrical conductors. (a) Identification. An esophageal stethoscope with electrical conductors is a device that is inserted into the esophagus to listen to a patient's heart and breath sounds...

30 CFR 75.513-1 - Electric conductor; size.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Electric conductor; size. 75.513-1 Section 75.513-1 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COAL MINE SAFETY... Electric conductor; size. An electric conductor is not of sufficient size to have adequate carrying...

29 CFR 1910.305 - Wiring methods, components, and equipment for general use.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... distribution center. (B) Conductors shall be run as multiconductor cord or cable assemblies. However, if... persons, feeders may be run as single insulated conductors. (v) The following requirements apply to branch... shall be multiconductor cord or cable assemblies or open conductors. If run as open conductors, they...

29 CFR 1910.305 - Wiring methods, components, and equipment for general use.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... distribution center. (B) Conductors shall be run as multiconductor cord or cable assemblies. However, if... persons, feeders may be run as single insulated conductors. (v) The following requirements apply to branch... shall be multiconductor cord or cable assemblies or open conductors. If run as open conductors, they...

29 CFR 1910.305 - Wiring methods, components, and equipment for general use.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... distribution center. (B) Conductors shall be run as multiconductor cord or cable assemblies. However, if... persons, feeders may be run as single insulated conductors. (v) The following requirements apply to branch... shall be multiconductor cord or cable assemblies or open conductors. If run as open conductors, they...

29 CFR 1910.305 - Wiring methods, components, and equipment for general use.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... distribution center. (B) Conductors shall be run as multiconductor cord or cable assemblies. However, if... persons, feeders may be run as single insulated conductors. (v) The following requirements apply to branch... shall be multiconductor cord or cable assemblies or open conductors. If run as open conductors, they...

29 CFR 1910.305 - Wiring methods, components, and equipment for general use.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... distribution center. (B) Conductors shall be run as multiconductor cord or cable assemblies. However, if... persons, feeders may be run as single insulated conductors. (v) The following requirements apply to branch... shall be multiconductor cord or cable assemblies or open conductors. If run as open conductors, they...

30 CFR 75.513-1 - Electric conductor; size.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Electric conductor; size. 75.513-1 Section 75... AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Electrical Equipment-General § 75.513-1 Electric conductor; size. An electric conductor is not of sufficient size to have adequate carrying...

30 CFR 75.513-1 - Electric conductor; size.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Electric conductor; size. 75.513-1 Section 75... AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Electrical Equipment-General § 75.513-1 Electric conductor; size. An electric conductor is not of sufficient size to have adequate carrying...

30 CFR 75.513-1 - Electric conductor; size.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Electric conductor; size. 75.513-1 Section 75... AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Electrical Equipment-General § 75.513-1 Electric conductor; size. An electric conductor is not of sufficient size to have adequate carrying...

30 CFR 77.508 - Lightning arresters, ungrounded and exposed power conductors and telephone wires.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... power conductors and telephone wires. 77.508 Section 77.508 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH... arresters, ungrounded and exposed power conductors and telephone wires. All ungrounded, exposed power conductors and telephone wires shall be equipped with suitable lightning arresters which are adequately...

30 CFR 77.508 - Lightning arresters, ungrounded and exposed power conductors and telephone wires.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... power conductors and telephone wires. 77.508 Section 77.508 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH... arresters, ungrounded and exposed power conductors and telephone wires. All ungrounded, exposed power conductors and telephone wires shall be equipped with suitable lightning arresters which are adequately...

Conditioning flat conductors for flat conductor cable production

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1968-01-01

Apparatus can straighten, anneal, clean, and a tension to stretch a cable one percent to assure uniform cross-sectional area. A conductor passes through temperature controlled distilled water and through a toroid coil. As The conductor enters the water, steam performs the cleaning action. Quenching and annealing also take place.

46 CFR 111.50-3 - Protection of conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Protection of conductors. 111.50-3 Section 111.50-3...-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Overcurrent Protection § 111.50-3 Protection of conductors. (a) Purpose. The purpose of overcurrent protection for conductors is to open the electric circuit if the current reaches a...

46 CFR 111.50-3 - Protection of conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Protection of conductors. 111.50-3 Section 111.50-3...-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Overcurrent Protection § 111.50-3 Protection of conductors. (a) Purpose. The purpose of overcurrent protection for conductors is to open the electric circuit if the current reaches a...

30 CFR 77.700-1 - Approved methods of grounding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... in resistance grounded systems, where the enclosed conductors are a part of the system, will be approved if a solid connection is made to the neutral conductor; in all other systems, the following... earth; (b) A solid connection to a grounding conductor, other than the neutral conductor of a resistance...

30 CFR 77.700-1 - Approved methods of grounding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... in resistance grounded systems, where the enclosed conductors are a part of the system, will be approved if a solid connection is made to the neutral conductor; in all other systems, the following... earth; (b) A solid connection to a grounding conductor, other than the neutral conductor of a resistance...

The Nature of Bonding in Bulk Tellurium Composed of One-Dimensional Helical Chains.

PubMed

Yi, Seho; Zhu, Zhili; Cai, Xiaolin; Jia, Yu; Cho, Jun-Hyung

2018-05-07

Bulk tellurium (Te) is composed of one-dimensional (1D) helical chains which have been considered to be coupled by van der Waals (vdW) interactions. However, on the basis of first-principles density functional theory calculations, we here propose a different bonding nature between neighboring chains: i.e., helical chains made of normal covalent bonds are connected together by coordinate covalent bonds. It is revealed that the lone pairs of electrons of Te atoms participate in forming coordinate covalent bonds between neighboring chains, where each Te atom behaves as both an electron donor to neighboring chains and an electron acceptor from neighboring chains. This ligand-metal-like bonding nature in bulk Te results in the same order of bulk moduli along the directions parallel and perpendicular to the chains, contrasting with the large anisotropy of bulk moduli in vdW crystals. We further find that the electron effective masses parallel and perpendicular to the chains are almost the same as each other, consistent with the observed nearly isotropic electrical resistivity. It is thus demonstrated that the normal/coordinate covalent bonds parallel/perpendicular to the chains in bulk Te lead to a minor anisotropy in structural and transport properties.

The effect of conductor permeability on electric current transducers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mirzaei, M.; Ripka, P.; Chirtsov, A.; Kaspar, P.; Vyhnanek, J.

2018-04-01

In this paper, experimental works and theoretical analysis are presented to analyze the influence of the conductor permeability on the precision of yokeless current sensors. The results of finite-element method (FEM) fit well the measured field values around the conductor. Finally we evaluate the difference in magnetic fields distribution around non-magnetic and magnetic conductor. The calculated values show that the permeability of the ferromagnetic conductor significally affects the reading of the electric current sensors even at DC.

Cable for prospecting

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lebouc, L.; Marmignon, J.

1983-03-29

A cable for prospecting, said cable including a core of conductor wires surrounded by insulating material and by armour formed by at least one layer of helically wound steel wires. It includes, from its center to its periphery, inside the armour, an axial monofilament made of a polymer that withstands high temperatures, said monofilament forming the insulation of an inner conductor, an outer conductor and a sheath made of a thermoplastic substance that withstands high temperatures, said inner conductor serving a different electrical function than said core of conductor wires.

Temperature profile detector

DOEpatents

Tokarz, Richard D.

1983-01-01

A temperature profile detector shown as a tubular enclosure surrounding an elongated electrical conductor having a plurality of meltable conductive segments surrounding it. Duplicative meltable segments are spaced apart from one another along the length of the enclosure. Electrical insulators surround these elements to confine molten material from the segments in bridging contact between the conductor and a second electrical conductor, which might be the confining tube. The location and rate of growth of the resulting short circuits between the two conductors can be monitored by measuring changes in electrical resistance between terminals at both ends of the two conductors. Additional conductors and separate sets of meltable segments operational at differing temperatures can be monitored simultaneously for measuring different temperature profiles.

Cryogenic vacuumm RF feedthrough device

DOEpatents

Wu, Genfa [Yorktown, VA; Phillips, Harry Lawrence [Hayes, VA

2008-12-30

A cryogenic vacuum rf feedthrough device comprising: 1) a probe for insertion into a particle beam; 2) a coaxial cable comprising an inner conductor and an outer conductor, a dielectric/insulating layer surrounding the inner conductor, the latter being connected to the probe for the transmission of higher mode rf energy from the probe; and 3) a high thermal conductivity stub attached to the coaxial dielectric about and in thermal contact with the inner conductor which high thermal conductivity stub transmits heat generated in the vicinity of the probe efficiently and radially from the area of the probe and inner conductor all while maintaining useful rf transmission line characteristics between the inner and outer coaxial conductors.

Multiwire conductor having greatly increased interwire resistance and method for making same

DOEpatents

Luhman, T.; Suenaga, M.

1982-03-15

An improved multiwire conductor of the type which is mechanically stabilized by a tin based solder filler is described. A solder filled conductor is heated to a temperature above its melting point for a period long enough to allow a substantial amount of copper to be dissolved from the wires comprising the conductor. The copper forms the brittle intermetallic compound Cu/sub 5/Sn/sub 6/ with tin in the solder. After cooling the conductor is flexed causing a random cracking of the solder, and thereby increasing the interwire resistance of the conductor. The subject invention is particularly adapted for use with braided, ribbon-type solder filled superconductors.

Electron launching voltage monitor

DOEpatents

Mendel, Clifford W.; Savage, Mark E.

1992-01-01

An electron launching voltage monitor measures MITL voltage using a relationship between anode electric field and electron current launched from a cathode-mounted perturbation. An electron launching probe extends through and is spaced from the edge of an opening in a first MITL conductor, one end of the launching probe being in the gap between the MITL conductor, the other end being adjacent a first side of the first conductor away from the second conductor. A housing surrounds the launching probe and electrically connects the first side of the first conductor to the other end of the launching probe. A detector detects the current passing through the housing to the launching probe, the detected current being representative of the voltage between the conductors.

Unsplit bipolar pulse forming line

DOEpatents

Rhodes, Mark A [Pleasanton, CA

2011-05-24

A bipolar pulse forming transmission line module and system for linear induction accelerators having first, second, third, and fourth planar conductors which form a sequentially arranged interleaved stack having opposing first and second ends, with dielectric layers between the conductors. The first and second planar conductors are connected to each other at the first end, and the first and fourth planar conductors are connected to each other at the second end via a shorting plate. The third planar conductor is electrically connectable to a high voltage source, and an internal switch functions to short at the first end a high voltage from the third planar conductor to the fourth planar conductor to produce a bipolar pulse at the acceleration axis with a zero net time integral. Improved access to the switch is enabled by an aperture through the shorting plate and the proximity of the aperture to the switch.

30 CFR 75.804 - Underground high-voltage cables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... grounded systems shall be equipped with metallic shields around each power conductor with one or more ground conductors having a total cross sectional area of not less than one-half the power conductor, and with an insulated external conductor not smaller than No. 8 (A.W.G.) or an insulated internal ground...

30 CFR 75.804 - Underground high-voltage cables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... grounded systems shall be equipped with metallic shields around each power conductor with one or more ground conductors having a total cross sectional area of not less than one-half the power conductor, and with an insulated external conductor not smaller than No. 8 (A.W.G.) or an insulated internal ground...

Current sensor

DOEpatents

Yakymyshyn, Christopher Paul; Brubaker, Michael Allen; Yakymyshyn, Pamela Jane

2007-01-16

A current sensor is described that uses a plurality of magnetic field sensors positioned around a current carrying conductor. The sensor can be hinged to allow clamping to a conductor. The current sensor provides high measurement accuracy for both DC and AC currents, and is substantially immune to the effects of temperature, conductor position, nearby current carrying conductors and aging.

46 CFR 111.60-4 - Minimum cable conductor size.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Minimum cable conductor size. 111.60-4 Section 111.60-4 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS... conductor must be #18 AWG (0.82 mm2) or larger except— (a) Each power and lighting cable conductor must be...

46 CFR 111.60-4 - Minimum cable conductor size.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Minimum cable conductor size. 111.60-4 Section 111.60-4 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS... conductor must be #18 AWG (0.82 mm2) or larger except— (a) Each power and lighting cable conductor must be...

46 CFR 111.60-4 - Minimum cable conductor size.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Minimum cable conductor size. 111.60-4 Section 111.60-4 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS... conductor must be #18 AWG (0.82 mm2) or larger except— (a) Each power and lighting cable conductor must be...

Electromagnetic wrap

DOEpatents

Tremblay, Paul L [Idaho Falls, ID; Scott, Jill R [Idaho Falls, ID

2010-09-28

A device and method for altering the line reactance of a transmission line having a transmission line, a first floating conductor and a grounding (shielding) conductor. The first floating conductor is positioned between and electrically insulated from the transmission line and the grounding conductor. A source and a load are connected at opposite ends of the transmission line.

66. DETAIL OF LAUNCH CONDUCTOR AND ASSISTANT LAUNCH CONDUCTOR PANELS ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

66. DETAIL OF LAUNCH CONDUCTOR AND ASSISTANT LAUNCH CONDUCTOR PANELS IN CONSOLE LOCATED CENTRALLY IN SLC-3E CONTROL ROOM. FROM LEFT TO RIGHT IN BACKGROUND: LAUNCH OPERATOR, LAUNCH ANALYST, AND FACILITIES PANELS. - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Launch Operations Building, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

Method of making and structure for monolithic optical circuits

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Evanchuk, Vincent L. (Inventor)

1983-01-01

A method for making monolithic optical circuits, with related optical devices as required or desired, on a supporting surface (10) consists of coating the supporting surface with reflecting metal or cladding resin, spreading a layer of liquid radiation senstivie plastic (12) on the surface, exposing the liquid plastic with a mask (14) to cure it in a desired pattern of light conductors (16, 18, 20), washing away the unexposed liquid plastic, and coating the conductors thus formed with reflective metal or cladding resin. The index of refraction for the cladding (22) is selected to be lower than for the conductors so that light in the conductors will be reflected by the interface with the cladding. For multiple level conductors, as where one conductor must cross over another, the process may be repeated to fabricate a bridge with columns (24, 26) of conductors to the next level, and conductor (28) between the columns. For more efficient transfer of energy over the bridge, faces at 45.degree. may be formed to reflect light up and across the bridge.

Distinct lateral inhibitory circuits drive parallel processing of sensory information in the mammalian olfactory bulb

PubMed Central

Geramita, Matthew A; Burton, Shawn D; Urban, Nathan N

2016-01-01

Splitting sensory information into parallel pathways is a common strategy in sensory systems. Yet, how circuits in these parallel pathways are composed to maintain or even enhance the encoding of specific stimulus features is poorly understood. Here, we have investigated the parallel pathways formed by mitral and tufted cells of the olfactory system in mice and characterized the emergence of feature selectivity in these cell types via distinct lateral inhibitory circuits. We find differences in activity-dependent lateral inhibition between mitral and tufted cells that likely reflect newly described differences in the activation of deep and superficial granule cells. Simulations show that these circuit-level differences allow mitral and tufted cells to best discriminate odors in separate concentration ranges, indicating that segregating information about different ranges of stimulus intensity may be an important function of these parallel sensory pathways. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.16039.001 PMID:27351103

Progressing in cable-in-conduit for fusion magnets: from ITER to low cost, high performance DEMO

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Uglietti, D.; Sedlak, K.; Wesche, R.; Bruzzone, P.; Muzzi, L.; della Corte, A.

2018-05-01

The performance of ITER toroidal field (TF) conductors still have a significant margin for improvement because the effective strain between ‑0.62% and ‑0.95% limits the strands’ critical current between 15% and 45% of the maximum achievable. Prototype Nb3Sn cable-in-conduit conductors have been designed, manufactured and tested in the frame of the EUROfusion DEMO activities. In these conductors the effective strain has shown a clear improvement with respect to the ITER conductors, reaching values between ‑0.55% and ‑0.28%, resulting in a strand critical current which is two to three times higher than in ITER conductors. In terms of the amount of Nb3Sn strand required for the construction of the DEMO TF magnet system, such improvement may lead to a reduction of at least a factor of two with respect to a similar magnet built with ITER type conductors; a further saving of Nb3Sn is possible if graded conductors/windings are employed. In the best case the DEMO TF magnet could require fewer Nb3Sn strands than the ITER one, despite the larger size of DEMO. Moreover high performance conductors could be operated at higher fields than ITER TF conductors, enabling the construction of low cost, compact, high field tokamaks.

Computer model of a reverberant and parallel circuit coupling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kalil, Camila de Andrade; de Castro, Maria Clícia Stelling; Cortez, Célia Martins

2017-11-01

The objective of the present study was to deepen the knowledge about the functioning of the neural circuits by implementing a signal transmission model using the Graph Theory in a small network of neurons composed of an interconnected reverberant and parallel circuit, in order to investigate the processing of the signals in each of them and the effects on the output of the network. For this, a program was developed in C language and simulations were done using neurophysiological data obtained in the literature.

Electrostatic MEMS devices with high reliability

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Goldsmith, Charles L; Auciello, Orlando H; Sumant, Anirudha V

The present invention provides for an electrostatic microelectromechanical (MEMS) device comprising a dielectric layer separating a first conductor and a second conductor. The first conductor is moveable towards the second conductor, when a voltage is applied to the MEMS device. The dielectric layer recovers from dielectric charging failure almost immediately upon removal of the voltage from the MEMS device.

33 CFR 183.430 - Conductors in circuits of less than 50 volts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Conductors in circuits of less... Requirements § 183.430 Conductors in circuits of less than 50 volts. (a) Each conductor in a circuit that has a... Standard 1128. (b) This section does not apply to communication systems; electronic navigation equipment...

33 CFR 183.430 - Conductors in circuits of less than 50 volts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Conductors in circuits of less... Requirements § 183.430 Conductors in circuits of less than 50 volts. (a) Each conductor in a circuit that has a... Standard 1128. (b) This section does not apply to communication systems; electronic navigation equipment...

33 CFR 183.430 - Conductors in circuits of less than 50 volts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Conductors in circuits of less... Requirements § 183.430 Conductors in circuits of less than 50 volts. (a) Each conductor in a circuit that has a... Standard 1128. (b) This section does not apply to communication systems; electronic navigation equipment...

33 CFR 183.430 - Conductors in circuits of less than 50 volts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Conductors in circuits of less... Requirements § 183.430 Conductors in circuits of less than 50 volts. (a) Each conductor in a circuit that has a... Standard 1128. (b) This section does not apply to communication systems; electronic navigation equipment...

33 CFR 183.430 - Conductors in circuits of less than 50 volts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Conductors in circuits of less... Requirements § 183.430 Conductors in circuits of less than 50 volts. (a) Each conductor in a circuit that has a... Standard 1128. (b) This section does not apply to communication systems; electronic navigation equipment...

Convectively cooled electrical grid structure

DOEpatents

Paterson, J.A.; Koehler, G.W.

1980-11-10

Undesirable distortions of electrical grid conductors from thermal cycling are minimized and related problems such as unwanted thermionic emission and structural failure from overheating are avoided by providing for a flow of fluid coolant within each conductor. The conductors are secured at each end to separate flexible support elements which accommodate to individual longitudinal expansion and contraction of each conductor while resisting lateral displacements, the coolant flow preferably being directed into and out of each conductor through passages in the flexible support elements. The grid may have a modular or divided construction which facilitates manufacture and repairs.

Temperature limited heaters using phase transformation of ferromagnetic material

DOEpatents

Vitek, John Michael [Oak Ridge, TN; Brady, Michael Patrick [Oak Ridge, TN

2009-10-06

Systems, methods, and heaters for treating a subsurface formation are described herein. Systems and methods for making heaters are described herein. At least one heater includes a ferromagnetic conductor and an electrical conductor. The electrical conductor is electrically coupled to the ferromagnetic conductor. The heater provides a first amount of heat at a lower temperature. The heater may provide a second reduced amount of heat when the heater reaches a selected temperature, or enters a selected temperature range, at which the ferromagnetic conductor undergoes a phase transformation.

Liquid level detector

DOEpatents

Tokarz, Richard D.

1982-01-01

A liquid level sensor having a pair of upright conductors spaced by an insulator defining a first high resistance path between the conductors. An electrically conductive path is interposed between the upright conductors at a discrete location at which liquid level is to be measured. It includes a liquid accessible gap of a dimension such that the electrical resistance across the conductor when the gap is filled with the liquid is detectably less than when the gap is emptied. The conductor might also be physically altered by temperature changes to serve also as an indicator of elevated temperature.

High temperature superconducting composite conductor and method for manufacturing the same

DOEpatents

Holesinger, Terry G.; Bingert, John F.

2002-01-01

A high temperature superconducting composite conductor is provided including a high temperature superconducting material surrounded by a noble metal layer, the high temperature superconducting composite conductor characterized as having a fill factor of greater than about 40. Additionally, the conductor can be further characterized as containing multiple cores of high temperature superconducting material surrounded by a noble metal layer, said multiple cores characterized as having substantially uniform geometry in the cross-sectional dimensions. Processes of forming such a high temperature superconducting composite conductor are also provided.

Liquid-level detector

DOEpatents

Not Available

1981-01-29

Aliquid level sensor is described which has a pair of upright conductors spaced by an insulator defining a first high resistance path between the conductors. An electrically conductive path is interposed between the upright conductors at a discrete location at which liquid level is to be measured. It includes a liquid accessible gap of a dimension such that the electrical resistance across the conductor when the gap is filled with the liquid is detectably less than when the gap is emptied. The conductor might also be physically altered by temperature changes to serve also as an indicator of elevated temperature.

Electron launching voltage monitor

DOEpatents

Mendel, C.W.; Savage, M.E.

1992-03-17

An electron launching voltage monitor measures MITL voltage using a relationship between anode electric field and electron current launched from a cathode-mounted perturbation. An electron launching probe extends through and is spaced from the edge of an opening in a first MITL conductor, one end of the launching probe being in the gap between the MITL conductor, the other end being adjacent a first side of the first conductor away from the second conductor. A housing surrounds the launching probe and electrically connects the first side of the first conductor to the other end of the launching probe. A detector detects the current passing through the housing to the launching probe, the detected current being representative of the voltage between the conductors. 5 figs.

75 FR 69165 - Conductor Certification

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-10

...FRA proposes to prescribe regulations for certification of conductors, as required by the Rail Safety Improvement Act of 2008. The proposed rule would require railroads to have a formal program for certifying conductors. As part of that program, railroads would be required to have a formal process for training prospective conductors and determining that all persons are competent before permitting them to serve as a conductor. FRA is proposing this regulation to ensure that only those persons who meet minimum Federal safety standards serve as conductors, to reduce the rate and number of accidents and incidents, and to improve railroad safety. Although this NPRM does not propose any specific amendments to the regulation governing locomotive engineer certification, it does highlight areas in that regulation that may require conforming changes.

Development of the heat treatment system for the 40 T hybrid magnet superconducting outsert.

PubMed

Chen, W G; Chen, Z M; Chen, Z Y; Huang, P C; He, P; Zhu, J W

2011-10-01

The heat treatment of Nb(3)Sn coil with the glass fabric insulation is one of the key and critical processes for the outsert solenoids of the 40 T hybrid magnet, which could be wound with cable-in-conduit conductors using the insulation-wind-and-react technique. The manufacturing of the large vertical type vacuum/Ar atmosphere-protection heat treatment system has been completed and recently installed in the High Magnetic Filed Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The heat treatment system composed mainly the furnace, the purging gas supply system, the control system, the gas impurities monitoring system, and so on. At present, the regulation and testing of the heat treatment system has been successfully finished, and all of technical parameters meet or exceed specifications.

The numerical study of the influence of rheological parameters stratified flows characteristics in cable dies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kozitsyna, M. V.; Trufanova, N. M.

2017-01-01

Today the process of coextrusion is the most technological in the cable production with cross-linked polyethylene, composed of two or more layers of polymeric insulation. Since the covering technology is a simultaneous imposition of all necessary layers (two semiconducting shields on the insulation and conductor and one - on insulation), the main focus of this study is the analysis of significance of various factors influence on stratified flows characteristics. This paper has considered the flow of two abnormally viscous liquids in the cable head. The problem has been solved through a three-dimensional statement by applying the finite element method in the Ansys software package. The influence has been estimated by varying the rheological properties of materials to create all necessary layers thickness.

Development of the heat treatment system for the 40 T hybrid magnet superconducting outsert

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, W. G.; Chen, Z. M.; Chen, Z. Y.; Huang, P. C.; He, P.; Zhu, J. W.

2011-10-01

The heat treatment of Nb3Sn coil with the glass fabric insulation is one of the key and critical processes for the outsert solenoids of the 40 T hybrid magnet, which could be wound with cable-in-conduit conductors using the insulation-wind-and-react technique. The manufacturing of the large vertical type vacuum/Ar atmosphere-protection heat treatment system has been completed and recently installed in the High Magnetic Filed Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The heat treatment system composed mainly the furnace, the purging gas supply system, the control system, the gas impurities monitoring system, and so on. At present, the regulation and testing of the heat treatment system has been successfully finished, and all of technical parameters meet or exceed specifications.

An Investigation of Low Earth Orbit Internal Charging

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

NeergaardParker, Linda; Minow, Joseph I.; Willis, Emily M.

2014-01-01

Low Earth orbit is usually considered a relatively benign environment for internal charging threats due to the low flux of penetrating electrons with energies of a few MeV that are encountered over an orbit. There are configurations, however, where insulators and ungrounded conductors used on the outside of a spacecraft hull may charge when exposed to much lower energy electrons of some 100's keV in a process that is better characterized as internal charging than surface charging. For example, the minimal radiation shielding afforded by thin thermal control materials such as metalized polymer sheets (e.g., aluminized Kapton or Mylar) and multilayer insulation may allow electrons of 100's of keV to charge underlying materials. Yet these same thermal control materials protect the underlying insulators and ungrounded conductors from surface charging currents due to electrons and ions at energies less than a few keV as well as suppress the photoemission, secondary electron, and backscattered electron processes associated with surface charging. We investigate the conditions required for this low Earth orbit "internal charging" to occur and evaluate the environments for which the process may be a threat to spacecraft. First, we describe a simple one-dimensional internal charging model that is used to compute the charge accumulation on materials under thin shielding. Only the electron flux that penetrates exposed surface shielding material is considered and we treat the charge balance in underlying insulation as a parallel plate capacitor accumulating charge from the penetrating electron flux and losing charge due to conduction to a ground plane. Charge dissipation due to conduction can be neglected to consider the effects of charging an ungrounded conductor. In both cases, the potential and electric field is computed as a function of time. An additional charge loss process is introduced due to an electrostatic discharge current when the electric field reaches a prescribed breakdown strength. For simplicity, the amount of charge lost in the discharge is treated as a random percentage of the total charge between a set maximum and minimum amount so a user can consider partial discharges of insulating materials (small loss of charge) or arcing from a conductor (large loss of charge). We apply the model to electron flux measurements from the NOAA-19 spacecraft to demonstrate that charging can reach levels where electrostatic discharges occur and estimate the magnitude of the discharge.

Three-dimensional lithospheric electrical structure of Southern Granulite Terrain, India and its tectonic implications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Patro, Prasanta K.; Sarma, S. V. S.; Naganjaneyulu, K.

2014-01-01

crustal as well as the upper mantle lithospheric electrical structure of the Southern Granulite Terrain (SGT) is evaluated, using the magnetotelluric (MT) data from two parallel traverses: one is an 500 km long N-S trending traverse across SGT and another a 200 km long traverse. Data space Occam 3-D inversion was used to invert the MT data. The electrical characterization of lithospheric structure in SGT shows basically a highly resistive (several thousands of Ohm meters) upper crustal layer overlying a moderately resistive (a few hundred Ohm meters) lower crustal layer which in turn is underlain by the upper mantle lithosphere whose resistivity shows significant changes along the traverse. The highly resistive upper crustal layer is interspersed with four major conductive features with three of them cutting across the crustal column, bringing out a well-defined crustal block structure in SGT with individual highly resistive blocks showing correspondence to the geologically demarcated Salem, Madurai, and Trivandrum blocks. The 3-D model also brought out a well-defined major crustal conductor located in the northern half of the Madurai block. The electrical characteristics of this south dipping conductor and its close spatial correlation with two of the major structural elements, viz., Karur-Oddanchatram-Kodaikanal Shear Zone and Karur-Kamban-Painavu-Trichur Shear Zone, suggest that this conductive feature is closely linked to the subduction-collision tectonic processes in the SGT, and it is inferred that the Archean Dharwar craton/neoproterozoic SGT terrain boundary lies south of the Palghat-Cauvery shear zone. The results also showed that the Achankovil shear zone is characterized by a well-defined north dipping conductive feature. The resistive block adjoining this conductor on the southern side, representing the Trivandrum block, is shown to be downthrown along this north dipping crustal conductor relative to the Madurai block, suggesting a northward movement of Trivandrum block colliding against the Madurai block. The lithospheric upper mantle electrical structure of the SGT up to a depth of 100 km may be broadly divided into two distinctly different segments, viz., northern and southern segments. The northern lithospheric segment, over a major part, is characterized by a thick resistive upper mantle, while the southern one is characterized by a dominantly conductive medium suggesting a relatively thinned lithosphere in the southern segment.

Carbon nanotube wires and cables: Near-term applications and future perspectives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jarosz, Paul; Schauerman, Christopher; Alvarenga, Jack; Moses, Brian; Mastrangelo, Thomas; Raffaelle, Ryne; Ridgley, Richard; Landi, Brian

2011-11-01

Wires and cables are essential to modern society, and opportunities exist to develop new materials with reduced resistance, mass, and/or susceptibility to fatigue. This article describes how carbon nanotubes (CNTs) offer opportunities for integration into wires and cables for both power and data transmission due to their unique physical and electronic properties. Macroscopic CNT wires and ribbons are presently shown as viable replacements for metallic conductors in lab-scale demonstrations of coaxial, USB, and Ethernet cables. In certain applications, such as the outer conductor of a coaxial cable, CNT materials may be positioned to displace metals to achieve substantial benefits (e.g. reduction in cable mass per unit length (mass/length) up to 50% in some cases). Bulk CNT materials possess several unique properties which may offer advantages over metallic conductors, such as flexure tolerance and environmental stability. Specifically, CNT wires were observed to withstand greater than 200,000 bending cycles without increasing resistivity. Additionally, CNT wires exhibit no increase in resistivity after 80 days in a corrosive environment (1 M HCl), and little change in resistivity with temperature (<1% from 170-330 K). This performance is superior to conventional metal wires and truly novel for a wiring material. However, for CNTs to serve as a full replacement for metals, the electrical conductivity of CNT materials must be improved. Recently, the conductivity of a CNT wire prepared through simultaneous densification and doping has exceeded 1.3 × 106 S/m. This level of conductivity brings CNTs closer to copper (5.8 × 107 S/m) and competitive with some metals (e.g. gold) on a mass-normalized basis. Developments in manipulation of CNT materials (e.g. type enrichment, doping, alignment, and densification) have shown progress towards this goal. In parallel with efforts to improve bulk conductivity, integration of CNT materials into cabling architectures will require development in electrical contacting. Several methods for contacting bulk CNT materials to metals are demonstrated, including mechanical crimping and ultrasonic bonding, along with a method for reducing contact resistance by tailoring the CNT-metal interface via electroless plating. Collectively, these results summarize recent progress in CNT wiring technologies and illustrate that nanoscale conductors may become a disruptive technology in cabling designs.

Carbon nanotube wires and cables: near-term applications and future perspectives.

PubMed

Jarosz, Paul; Schauerman, Christopher; Alvarenga, Jack; Moses, Brian; Mastrangelo, Thomas; Raffaelle, Ryne; Ridgley, Richard; Landi, Brian

2011-11-01

Wires and cables are essential to modern society, and opportunities exist to develop new materials with reduced resistance, mass, and/or susceptibility to fatigue. This article describes how carbon nanotubes (CNTs) offer opportunities for integration into wires and cables for both power and data transmission due to their unique physical and electronic properties. Macroscopic CNT wires and ribbons are presently shown as viable replacements for metallic conductors in lab-scale demonstrations of coaxial, USB, and Ethernet cables. In certain applications, such as the outer conductor of a coaxial cable, CNT materials may be positioned to displace metals to achieve substantial benefits (e.g. reduction in cable mass per unit length (mass/length) up to 50% in some cases). Bulk CNT materials possess several unique properties which may offer advantages over metallic conductors, such as flexure tolerance and environmental stability. Specifically, CNT wires were observed to withstand greater than 200,000 bending cycles without increasing resistivity. Additionally, CNT wires exhibit no increase in resistivity after 80 days in a corrosive environment (1 M HCl), and little change in resistivity with temperature (<1% from 170-330 K). This performance is superior to conventional metal wires and truly novel for a wiring material. However, for CNTs to serve as a full replacement for metals, the electrical conductivity of CNT materials must be improved. Recently, the conductivity of a CNT wire prepared through simultaneous densification and doping has exceeded 1.3 × 10(6) S/m. This level of conductivity brings CNTs closer to copper (5.8 × 10(7) S/m) and competitive with some metals (e.g. gold) on a mass-normalized basis. Developments in manipulation of CNT materials (e.g. type enrichment, doping, alignment, and densification) have shown progress towards this goal. In parallel with efforts to improve bulk conductivity, integration of CNT materials into cabling architectures will require development in electrical contacting. Several methods for contacting bulk CNT materials to metals are demonstrated, including mechanical crimping and ultrasonic bonding, along with a method for reducing contact resistance by tailoring the CNT-metal interface via electroless plating. Collectively, these results summarize recent progress in CNT wiring technologies and illustrate that nanoscale conductors may become a disruptive technology in cabling designs.

Research on the Test of Transmission Line Galloping

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Lichun; Li, Qing; lv, Zhongbin; Ji, Kunpeng; Liu, Bin

2018-03-01

The load of iced transmission line and the load generated by galloping after the conductor are covered by ice all may cause severe circuit faults, such as tripping, conductor breaking, armor clamp damage and even tower collapse, thus severely threatening running safety of power system. The generation and development processes of galloping of power transmission line is very complicated, and numerous factors may influence the galloping excitation, such as environmental factors, terrain factors and structural parameters of power transmission line; in which, the ice covering of conductor is one of necessary factors causing galloping. Therefore, researches on ice covering increasing test of different types of conductors under different meteorological conditions have been conducted in large-sized multi-functional phytotron, thus obtaining the relation curve of ice covering increasing of conductor along with time under different conditions, and analyzing factors influencing increasing of ice covering. The research result shows that under the same ice covering conditions, the increasing of ice covering of conductor with small diameter is relatively rapid; both environmental temperature and wind speed have obvious influence on increasing of ice covering of conductor, and the environmental temperature will decide the type of ice covering of conductor surface. Meanwhile, after wind tunnel tests targeting conductors with different ice covering shapes, pneumatic stability loss characteristics of conductors with different ice shapes have been obtained. Research results have important scientific reference value for revealing the mechanism of galloping of iced power transmission line, and have relatively high engineering practicability value for promoting realization of early warning system for galloping of iced power transmission line.

Assessment of the noise annoyance among subway train conductors in Tehran, Iran.

PubMed

Hamidi, Mansoureh; Kavousi, Amir; Zaheri, Somayeh; Hamadani, Abolfazl; Mirkazemi, Roksana

2014-01-01

Subway transportation system is a new phenomenon in Iran. Noise annoyance interferes with the individual's task performance, and the required alertness in the driving of subway trains. This is the first study conducted to measure the level of noise and noise annoyance among conductors of subway organization in Tehran, Iran. This cross sectional study was conducted among 167 randomly selected train conductors. Information related to noise annoyance was collected by using a self-administered questionnaire. The dosimetry and sound metering was done for the conductors and inside the cabins. There were 41 sound metering measuring samples inside the conductors' cabin, and there were 12 samples of conductors' noise exposure. The results of sound level meter showed that the mean Leq was 73.0 dBA ± 8.7 dBA and the dosimetry mean measured Leq was 82.1 dBA ± 6.8 dBA. 80% of conductors were very annoyed/annoyed by noise in their work place. 53.9% of conductors reported that noise affected their work performance and 63.5% reported that noise causes that they lose their concentration. The noise related to movement of train wheels on rail was reported as the worst by 83.2% followed by the noise of brakes (74.3%) and the ventilation noise (71.9%). 56.9% of conductors reported that they are suffering from sleeplessness, 40.1% from tinnitus and 80.2% feeling fatigue and sleepy. The study results showed the high level of noise and noise annoyance among train conductors and the poor health outcome of their exposure to this level of noise.

ELECTRON DISCHARGE DEVICE

DOEpatents

Graham, M.H.

1962-09-18

A barrier-grid storage tube and an improved means for writing and reading of information in such a tube are described. A triax cable is provided in the reading and writing circuit and includes a coiled portion. The inner conductor of the cable is connected to the back plate of the barrier grid target assembly of the storage tube, the middle conductor of the cable is connected to a shielding member encompassing the target assembly and this member supports the barrier grid of the assembly, and the outer conductor of the cable is connected to an external shreld surrounding the target assembly. A source of writing sr- gnals is connected between the rnner conductor and middle conductor of said cable. Both the middle and outer conductors are connected to ground at the source end, and a small trimmer condenser is connected between the external shield and the source end of the inner conductor of the cable to compensate for the direct back plate-to-ground capacity due to the imperfect shielding of the barrier grid. The coiled portion of the cable provides for an output signal to a secondary corl coupled thereto. The grounded outer conductor serves as a means for preventing an output signal being applied to the coiled portion of the cable on application of writing signals to the inner and middle conductors of the cable. (AEC)

Effects of Conductor Baton Use on Band and Choral Musicians' Perceptions of Conductor Expressivity and Clarity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nápoles, Jessica; Silvey, Brian A.

2017-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine participants' (college band and choral musicians, N = 143) perceptions of conductor clarity and expressivity after viewing band and choral directors conducting with or without a baton. One band and one choral conductor each prepared and conducted two excerpts of Guy Forbes's "O Nata Lux", a piece…

High conductivity composite metal

DOEpatents

Zhou, Ruoyi; Smith, James L.; Embury, John David

1998-01-01

Electrical conductors and methods of producing them, where the conductors possess both high strength and high conductivity. Conductors are comprised of carbon steel and a material chosen from a group consisting of copper, nickel, silver, and gold. Diffusion barriers are placed between these two materials. The components of a conductor are assembled and then the assembly is subjected to heat treating and mechanical deformation steps.

Microminiature coaxial cable and methods manufacture

DOEpatents

Bongianni, Wayne L.

1986-01-01

A coaxial cable is provided having a ribbon inner conductor surrounded by a dielectric and a circumferential conductor. The coaxial cable may be microminiature comprising a very thin ribbon strip conductor from between 5 to 15 .mu.m thick and from 150 to 200 .mu.m wide, having a surrounding foamed dielectric or parylene applied thereon by a vapor plasma process and an outer conductor of an adhering high conductivity metal vacuum deposited on the dielectric. Alternately the foam dielectric embodiment may have a contiguous parylene coating applied adjacent the inner conductor or the outer conductor or both. Also, the cable may be fabricated by forming a thin ribbon of strip conductive material into an inner conductor, applying thereabout a dielectric by spraying on a solution of polystyrene and polyethylene and then vacuum depositing and adhering high conductivity metal about the dielectric. The cable strength may be increased by adding glass microfilament fibers or glass microballoons to the solution of polystyrene and polyethylene. Further, the outer conductive layer may be applied by electroless deposition in an aqueous solution rather than by vacuum deposition. A thin coating of parylene is preferably applied to the outer conductor to prevent its oxidation and inhibit mechanical abrasion.

Microminiature coaxial cable and method of manufacture

DOEpatents

Bongianni, W.L.

1989-03-28

A coaxial cable is provided having a ribbon inner conductor surrounded by a dielectric and a circumferential conductor. The coaxial cable may be microminiature comprising a very thin ribbon strip conductor from between 5 to 15 [mu]m thick and from 150 to 200 [mu]m wide, having a surrounding foamed dielectric or parylene applied thereon by a vapor plasma process and an outer conductor of an adhering high conductivity metal vacuum deposited on the dielectric. Alternately, the foam dielectric embodiment may have a contiguous parylene coating applied adjacent the inner conductor or the outer conductor or both. Also, the cable may be fabricated by forming a thin ribbon of strip conductive material into an inner conductor, applying thereabout a dielectric by spraying on a solution of polystyrene and polyethylene and then vacuum depositing and adhering high conductivity metal about the dielectric. The cable strength may be increased by adding glass microfilament fibers or glass microspheres to the solution of polystyrene and polyethylene. Further, the outer conductive layer may be applied by electroless deposition in an aqueous solution rather than by vacuum deposition. A thin coating of parylene is preferably applied to the outer conductor to prevent its oxidation and inhibit mechanical abrasion. 2 figs.

Microminiature coaxial cable and method of manufacture

DOEpatents

Bongianni, Wayne L.

1989-01-01

A coaxial cable is provided having a ribbon inner conductor surrounded by a dielectric and a circumferential conductor. The coaxial cable may be microminiature comprising a very thin ribbon strip conductor from between 5 to 15 .mu.m thick and from 150 to 200 .mu.m wide, having a surrounding foamed dielectric or parylene applied thereon by a vapor plasma process and an outer conductor of an adhering high conductivity metal vacuum deposited on the dielectric. Alternately, the foam dielectric embodiment may have a contiguous parylene coating applied adjacent the inner conductor or the outer conductor or both. Also, the cable may be fabricated by forming a thin ribbon of strip conductive material into an inner conductor, applying thereabout a dielectric by spraying on a solution of polystyrene and polyethylene and then vacuum depositing and adhering high conductivity metal about the dielectric. The cable strength may be increased by adding glass microfilament fibers or glass microspheres to the solution of polystyrene and polyethylene. Further, the outer conductive layer may be applied by electroless deposition in an aqueous solution rather than by vacuum deposition. A thin coating of parylene is preferably applied to the outer conductor to prevent its oxidation and inhibit mechanical abrasion.

Microminiature coaxial cable and methods of manufacture

DOEpatents

Bongianni, W.L.

1983-12-29

A coaxial cable is provided having a ribbon inner conductor surrounded by a dielectric and a circumferential conductor. The coaxial cable may be microminiature comprising a very thin ribbon strip conductor from between 5 to 15 ..mu..m thick and from 150 to 200 ..mu..m wide, having a surrounding foamed dielectric or parylene applied thereon by a vapor plasma process and an outer conductor of an adhering high conductivity metal vacuum deposited on the dieleectric. Alternately the foam dielectric embodiment may have a contiguous parylene coating applied adjacent the inner conductor or the outer conductor or both. Also, the cable may be fabricated by forming a thin ribbon of strip conductive material into an inner conductor, applying thereabout a dielectric by spraying on a solution of polystyrene and polyethylene and then vacuum depositing and adhering high conductivity metal about the dielectric. The cable strength may be increased by adding glass microfilament fibers or glass microballoons to the solution of polystyrene and polyethylene. Further, the outer conductive layer may be applied by electroless deposition in an aqueous solution rather than by vacuum deposition. A thin coating of parylene is preferably applied to the outer conductor to prevent its oxidation and inhibit mechanical abrasion.

Microminiature coaxial cable and methods manufacture

DOEpatents

Bongianni, W.L.

1986-04-08

A coaxial cable is provided having a ribbon inner conductor surrounded by a dielectric and a circumferential conductor. The coaxial cable may be microminiature comprising a very thin ribbon strip conductor from between 5 to 15 [mu]m thick and from 150 to 200 [mu]m wide, having a surrounding foamed dielectric or parylene applied thereon by a vapor plasma process and an outer conductor of an adhering high conductivity metal vacuum deposited on the dielectric. Alternately the foam dielectric embodiment may have a contiguous parylene coating applied adjacent the inner conductor or the outer conductor or both. Also, the cable may be fabricated by forming a thin ribbon of strip conductive material into an inner conductor, applying thereabout a dielectric by spraying on a solution of polystyrene and polyethylene and then vacuum depositing and adhering high conductivity metal about the dielectric. The cable strength may be increased by adding glass microfilament fibers or glass microballoons to the solution of polystyrene and polyethylene. Further, the outer conductive layer may be applied by electroless deposition in an aqueous solution rather than by vacuum deposition. A thin coating of parylene is preferably applied to the outer conductor to prevent its oxidation and inhibit mechanical abrasion. 2 figs.

Skin Effect Modeling in Conductors of Arbitrary Shape Through a Surface Admittance Operator and the Contour Integral Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Patel, Utkarsh R.; Triverio, Piero

2016-09-01

An accurate modeling of skin effect inside conductors is of capital importance to solve transmission line and scattering problems. This paper presents a surface-based formulation to model skin effect in conductors of arbitrary cross section, and compute the per-unit-length impedance of a multiconductor transmission line. The proposed formulation is based on the Dirichlet-Neumann operator that relates the longitudinal electric field to the tangential magnetic field on the boundary of a conductor. We demonstrate how the surface operator can be obtained through the contour integral method for conductors of arbitrary shape. The proposed algorithm is simple to implement, efficient, and can handle arbitrary cross-sections, which is a main advantage over the existing approach based on eigenfunctions, which is available only for canonical conductor's shapes. The versatility of the method is illustrated through a diverse set of examples, which includes transmission lines with trapezoidal, curved, and V-shaped conductors. Numerical results demonstrate the accuracy, versatility, and efficiency of the proposed technique.

Superconducting energy storage magnet

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Boom, Roger W. (Inventor); Eyssa, Yehia M. (Inventor); Abdelsalam, Mostafa K. (Inventor); Huang, Xianrui (Inventor)

1993-01-01

A superconducting magnet is formed having composite conductors arrayed in coils having turns which lie on a surface defining substantially a frustum of a cone. The conical angle with respect to the central axis is preferably selected such that the magnetic pressure on the coil at the widest portion of the cone is substantially zero. The magnet structure is adapted for use as an energy storage magnet mounted in an earthen trench or tunnel where the strength the surrounding soil is lower at the top of the trench or tunnel than at the bottom. The composite conductor may be formed having a ripple shape to minimize stresses during charge up and discharge and has a shape for each ripple selected such that the conductor undergoes a minimum amount of bending during the charge and discharge cycle. By minimizing bending, the working of the normal conductor in the composite conductor is minimized, thereby reducing the increase in resistance of the normal conductor that occurs over time as the conductor undergoes bending during numerous charge and discharge cycles.

High voltage feedthrough bushing

DOEpatents

Brucker, John P.

1993-01-01

A feedthrough bushing for a high voltage diode provides for using compression sealing for all sealing surfaces. A diode assembly includes a central conductor extending through the bushing and a grading ring assembly circumferentially surrounding and coaxial with the central conductor. A flexible conductive plate extends between and compressively seals against the central conductor and the grading ring assembly, wherein the flexibility of the plate allows inner and outer portions of the plate to axially translate for compression sealing against the central conductor and the grading ring assembly, respectively. The inner portion of the plate is bolted to the central conductor for affecting sealing. A compression beam is also bolted to the central conductor and engages the outer portion of the plate to urge the outer portion toward the grading ring assembly to obtain compression sealing therebetween.

Casimir effect for perfect electromagnetic conductors (PEMCs): a sum rule for attractive/repulsive forces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rode, Stefan; Bennett, Robert; Yoshi Buhmann, Stefan

2018-04-01

We discuss the Casimir effect for boundary conditions involving perfect electromagnetic conductors, which interpolate between perfect electric conductors and perfect magnetic conductors. Based on the corresponding reciprocal Green’s tensor we construct the Green’s tensor for two perfectly reflecting plates with magnetoelectric coupling (non-reciprocal media) within the framework of macroscopic quantum electrodynamics. We calculate the Casimir force between two arbitrary perfect electromagnetic conductor plates, resulting in a universal analytic expression that connects the attractive Casimir force with the repulsive Boyer force. We relate the results to a duality symmetry of electromagnetism.

Conductor requirements for high-temperature superconducting utility power transformers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pleva, E. F.; Mehrotra, V.; Schwenterly, S W

High-temperature superconducting (HTS) coated conductors in utility power transformers must satisfy a set of operating requirements that are driven by two major considerations-HTS transformers must be economically competitive with conventional units, and the conductor must be robust enough to be used in a commercial manufacturing environment. The transformer design and manufacturing process will be described in order to highlight the various requirements that it imposes on the HTS conductor. Spreadsheet estimates of HTS transformer costs allow estimates of the conductor cost required for an HTS transformer to be competitive with a similarly performing conventional unit.

Formation of 2D nanoparticles with block structure in simultaneous electric explosion of conductors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kryzhevich, Dmitrij S., E-mail: kryzhev@ispms.ru, E-mail: kost@ispms.ru; Zolnikov, Konstantin P., E-mail: kryzhev@ispms.ru, E-mail: kost@ispms.ru; Abdrashitov, Andrei V.

2014-11-14

A molecular dynamics simulation of nanoparticle formation in simultaneous electric explosion of conductors is performed. Interatomic interaction is described using potentials calculated in the framework of the embedded atom method. High-rate heating results in failure of the conductors with the formation of nanoparticles. The influence of the heating rate, temperature distribution over the specimen cross-section and the distance between simultaneously exploded conductors on the structure of formed nanoparticles is studied. The calculation results show that the electric explosion of conductors allows the formation of nanoparticles with block structure.

Convectively cooled electrical grid structure

DOEpatents

Paterson, James A.; Koehler, Gary W.

1982-01-01

Undesirable distortions of electrical grid conductors (12) from thermal cycling are minimized and related problems such as unwanted thermionic emission and structural failure from overheating are avoided by providing for a flow of fluid coolant within each conductor (12). The conductors (12) are secured at each end to separate flexible support elements (16) which accommodate to individual longitudinal expansion and contraction of each conductor (12) while resisting lateral displacements, the coolant flow preferably being directed into and out of each conductor through passages (48) in the flexible support elements (16). The grid (11) may have a modular or divided construction which facilitates manufacture and repairs.

A Multi-Time Scale Morphable Software Milieu for Polymorphous Computing Architectures (PCA) - Composable, Scalable Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-10-01

MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency AFRL/IFTC 3701 North Fairfax Drive...Scalable Parallel Libraries for Large-Scale Concurrent Applications," Technical Report UCRL -JC-109251, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

46 CFR 111.05-37 - Overcurrent devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... devices. (a) A permanently grounded conductor must not have an overcurrent device unless the overcurrent device simultaneously opens each ungrounded conductor of the circuit. (b) The neutral conductor of the...

77 FR 61657 - Petition for Waiver of Compliance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-10

.... The railroad now requests a similar waiver from the conductor certification regulations for purposes... encourage conductor reporting of close calls and protect conductors and Amtrak from discipline or sanctions...

46 CFR 111.05-37 - Overcurrent devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... devices. (a) A permanently grounded conductor must not have an overcurrent device unless the overcurrent device simultaneously opens each ungrounded conductor of the circuit. (b) The neutral conductor of the...

There were giants in the Earth in those days: the ancient catchment and aqueduct of 'Triglio' near Taranto (Italy)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spilotro, Giuseppe; Fidelibus, Maria Dolores; Canora, Filomena; Pellicani, Roberta

2014-05-01

In the area between the towns of Crispiano, Statte and Taranto, partly along the Gravina (canyon) of the Triglio, a huge aqueduct, which presently reaches Taranto, develops. The water intake apparatus, which is constituted by small underground tunnels some kilometers long and with regularly spaced pits for the digging and for the aeration of the conduct, is very notable. As a matter of fact, the water intake works deep inside very permeable calcareous rocks testify the capability of withdrawal water even from an unfriendly environment like a karst vadose zone in a semi-arid region. The first part of the work is attributed at Roman age and more precisely in the interval between the 1st century BC and AC. In 950 A.D., after the fall of the Roman Empire, Nicephorus II Phocas, Emperor of the East, rebuilds Taranto after the wars and restructures the Triglio Aqueduct that remains outside the city walls. In 1334, Catherine II of Valois, Princess of Taranto, completes the aqueduct bringing it into the city. In the nineteenth century, the aqueduct becomes the "Public Source" and the Apulian Aqueduct Authority uses the structure to provide water until 1922, when the city began to be served by the Sele. The aqueduct presently extends for about 12 km and can be divided into three parts: (1) water intake apparatus, hypogeum stretch for water interception, formed by branches of tunnels converging in a single pipe; (2) hypogeum conductor apparatus, which is a unique underground pipeline entirely excavated in the rock; (3) epigeum conductor apparatus, the final stretch of the aqueduct where it emerges from the ground level. The trend of the tunnels of the water intake apparatus has been reconstructed through studies carried out by Speleo Group Statte and other researchers. The water intake apparatus is composed by tunnels and pits excavated into a calcareous mass, draining the karst vadose zone and the alluvial deposits, where the tunnel is parallel to the water course of the canyon. Based on the average climatic conditions, it was possible to estimate an uptake of the order of 20 l/s. The tunnels of the Triglio aqueduct develops, for the entire length, into two types of calcareous rock: the Calcarenite of Gravina and the Limestone of Altamura. The interception apparatus is developed almost entirely in the Calcarenite of Gravina, while the hypogeum conductor system is developed in both lithologies. The attribution of the work to the Romans is not reflected in the purpose, as the port of Taranto was close to an area rich in springs. Moreover, the sophistication and the type of work recalls the "qanat" or "foggare" deriving from Persian, Arab or North African culture. it is therefore possible reposition the water intake apparatus as a work created by Arab hydrogeologists, which were in the southern Italy region around 900 AD. More probably, aqueduct was for human and agricultural service of some settlement placed at an altitude of about 100-150 m above the sea level. Only later (1300 BC), the water of Triglio, excellent in quality, was brought to Taranto to substitute local polluted water. It is interesting to note that the aqueduct, thanks to the use of intercepted waters and not of water from an aquifer, perfectly worked almost 1000 years under several cycles of climate changes, the last of which, the little ice Age, ended in the area about 150 years ago.

Contactless experiments on individual DNA molecules show no evidence for molecular wire behavior.

PubMed

Gómez-Navarro, C; Moreno-Herrero, F; de Pablo, P J; Colchero, J; Gómez-Herrero, J; Baró, A M

2002-06-25

A fundamental requirement for a molecule to be considered a molecular wire (MW) is the ability to transport electrical charge with a reasonably low resistance. We have carried out two experiments that measure first, the charge transfer from an electrode to the molecule, and second, the dielectric response of the MW. The latter experiment requires no contacts to either end of the molecule. From our experiments we conclude that adsorbed individual DNA molecules have a resistivity similar to mica, glass, and silicon oxide substrates. Therefore adsorbed DNA is not a conductor, and it should not be considered as a viable candidate for MW applications. Parallel studies on other nanowires, including single-walled carbon nanotubes, showed conductivity as expected.

Frictional Magneto-Coulomb Drag in Graphene Double-Layer Heterostructures.

PubMed

Liu, Xiaomeng; Wang, Lei; Fong, Kin Chung; Gao, Yuanda; Maher, Patrick; Watanabe, Kenji; Taniguchi, Takashi; Hone, James; Dean, Cory; Kim, Philip

2017-08-04

Coulomb interaction between two closely spaced parallel layers of conductors can generate the frictional drag effect by interlayer Coulomb scattering. Employing graphene double layers separated by few-layer hexagonal boron nitride, we investigate density tunable magneto- and Hall drag under strong magnetic fields. The observed large magnetodrag and Hall-drag signals can be related with Laudau level filling status of the drive and drag layers. We find that the sign and magnitude of the drag resistivity tensor can be quantitatively correlated to the variation of magnetoresistivity tensors in the drive and drag layers, confirming a theoretical formula for magnetodrag in the quantum Hall regime. The observed weak temperature dependence and ∼B^{2} dependence of the magnetodrag are qualitatively explained by Coulomb scattering phase-space argument.

Charging system and method for multicell storage batteries

DOEpatents

Cox, Jay A.

1978-01-01

A battery-charging system includes a first charging circuit connected in series with a plurality of battery cells for controlled current charging. A second charging circuit applies a controlled voltage across each individual cell for equalization of the cells to the fully charged condition. This controlled voltage is determined at a level above the fully charged open-circuit voltage but at a sufficiently low level to prevent corrosion of cell components by electrochemical reaction. In this second circuit for cell equalization, a transformer primary receives closely regulated, square-wave voltage which is coupled to a plurality of equal secondary coil windings. Each secondary winding is connected in parallel to each cell of a series-connected pair of cells through half-wave rectifiers and a shared, intermediate conductor.

46 CFR 111.15-20 - Conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... REQUIREMENTS Storage Batteries and Battery Chargers: Construction and Installation § 111.15-20 Conductors. (a) Each conductor penetration to a battery room must be made watertight. (b) The termination of each cable...

46 CFR 111.15-20 - Conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... REQUIREMENTS Storage Batteries and Battery Chargers: Construction and Installation § 111.15-20 Conductors. (a) Each conductor penetration to a battery room must be made watertight. (b) The termination of each cable...

46 CFR 111.15-20 - Conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... REQUIREMENTS Storage Batteries and Battery Chargers: Construction and Installation § 111.15-20 Conductors. (a) Each conductor penetration to a battery room must be made watertight. (b) The termination of each cable...

46 CFR 111.15-20 - Conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... REQUIREMENTS Storage Batteries and Battery Chargers: Construction and Installation § 111.15-20 Conductors. (a) Each conductor penetration to a battery room must be made watertight. (b) The termination of each cable...

46 CFR 111.15-20 - Conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... REQUIREMENTS Storage Batteries and Battery Chargers: Construction and Installation § 111.15-20 Conductors. (a) Each conductor penetration to a battery room must be made watertight. (b) The termination of each cable...

High conductivity composite metal

DOEpatents

Zhou, R.; Smith, J.L.; Embury, J.D.

1998-01-06

Electrical conductors and methods of producing them are disclosed, where the conductors possess both high strength and high conductivity. Conductors are comprised of carbon steel and a material chosen from a group consisting of copper, nickel, silver, and gold. Diffusion barriers are placed between these two materials. The components of a conductor are assembled and then the assembly is subjected to heat treating and mechanical deformation steps. 10 figs.

30 CFR 75.805 - Couplers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... shall be grounded to the ground conductor in the cable. The coupler shall be constructed so that the ground check continuity conductor shall be broken first and the ground conductors shall be broken last...

Sample and length-dependent variability of 77 and 4.2 K properties in nominally identical RE123 coated conductors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rossi, L.; Hu, X.; Kametani, F.; Abraimov, D.; Polyanskii, A.; Jaroszynski, J.; Larbalestier, D. C.

2016-05-01

We present a broad study by multiple techniques of the critical current and critical current density of a small but representative set of nominally identical commercial RE123 (REBa2Cu3O7-δ , RE = rare Earth, here Y and Gd) coated conductors (CC) recently fabricated by SuperPower Inc. to the same nominal high pinning specification with BaZrO3 and RE2O3 nanoprecipitate pinning centers. With high-field low-temperature applications to magnet technology in mind, we address the nature of their tape-to-tape variations and length-wise I c inhomogeneities by measurements on a scale of about 2 cm rather than the 5 m scale normally supplied by the vendor and address the question of whether these variations have their origin in cross-sectional or in vortex pinning variations. Our principal method has been a continuous measurement transport critical current tool (YateStar) that applies about 0.5 T perpendicular and parallel to the tape at 77 K, thus allowing variations of c-axis and ab-plane properties to be clearly distinguished in the temperature and field regime where strong pinning defects are obvious. We also find such in-field measurements at 77 K to be more valuable in predicting 4.2 K, high-field properties than self-field, 77 K properties because the pinning centers controlling 77 K performance play a decisive role in introducing point defects that also add strongly to J c at 4.2 K. We find that the dominant source of I c variation is due to pinning center fluctuations that control J c, rather than to production defects that locally reduce the active cross-section. Given the 5-10 nm scale of these pinning centers, it appears that the route to greater I c homogeneity is through more stringent control of the REBCO growth conditions in these Zr-doped coated conductors.

Wind Tunnel Tests on Aerodynamic Characteristics of two types of Iced Conductors with Elastic Support

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yi, You; Cheng, He; Xinxin, Wang

2018-01-01

The wind tunnel tests were carried out to obtain the variation laws of static aerodynamic characteristics of crescent and D-shape iced conductor with different wind velocities, wind attack angles and torsional elastic support stiffness. Test results show that the variation of wind velocity has a relatively large influence on the aerodynamic coefficients of crescent conductor with torsional elastic support 1. However, the influence on that of D-shape conductor is not obvious. With the increase of the torsional elastic support stiffness, the lift and moment coefficient curves of the crescent iced conductor form an obvious peak phenomenon in the range of 0 ° ∼30°. Meanwhile, the wind attack angle position corresponding to the maximum value of the lift and moment coefficients of the D-shape iced conductor appear a backward moving phenomenon.

Resistive foil edge grading for accelerator and other high voltage structures

DOEpatents

Caporaso, George J.; Sampayan, Stephen F.; Sanders, David M.

2014-06-10

In a structure or device having a pair of electrical conductors separated by an insulator across which a voltage is placed, resistive layers are formed around the conductors to force the electric potential within the insulator to distribute more uniformly so as to decrease or eliminate electric field enhancement at the conductor edges. This is done by utilizing the properties of resistive layers to allow the voltage on the electrode to diffuse outwards, reducing the field stress at the conductor edge. Preferably, the resistive layer has a tapered resistivity, with a lower resistivity adjacent to the conductor and a higher resistivity away from the conductor. Generally, a resistive path across the insulator is provided, preferably by providing a resistive region in the bulk of the insulator, with the resistive layer extending over the resistive region.

Progress on the Use of Internal Fins as Barriers to Reduce Magnetization on High Current Density Mono Element Internal Tin Conductors (MEIT)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zeitlin, Bruce A.; Gregory, Eric; Pyon, Taeyoung; Scanlan, R. M.; Polyanskii, Anatolii A.; Lee, Peter J.

2004-06-01

A number of configurations of a mono element internal tin conductor (MEIT) were fabricated to explore the effect of internal fins on the effective filament size (Deff) and its effect on wire processing. A current density of 2.85 × 109 A/m2 (12 T) was achieved in a high tin, high Nb conductor. Wire lengths as long as 15.8 km at 0.254 mm diameter with breaks averaging 3 per unit length were achieved. Magnetization measurements and Magneto-Optical (MO) images were taken of the finned and non-fin conductor which indicated the fins appeared to be effective. The Deff achieved in the fin conductor was 80 μm compared with an equivalent conductor without a fin of 165 μm.

Magnetic circuit for hall effect plasma accelerator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Manzella, David H. (Inventor); Jacobson, David T. (Inventor); Hofer, Richard (Inventor); Peterson, Peter (Inventor); Jankovsky, Robert S. (Inventor)

2009-01-01

A Hall effect plasma accelerator includes inner and outer electromagnets, circumferentially surrounding the inner electromagnet along a thruster centerline axis and separated therefrom, inner and outer magnetic conductors, in physical connection with their respective inner and outer electromagnets, with the inner magnetic conductor having a mostly circular shape and the outer magnetic conductor having a mostly annular shape, a discharge chamber, located between the inner and outer magnetic conductors, a magnetically conducting back plate, in magnetic contact with the inner and outer magnetic conductors, and a combined anode electrode/gaseous propellant distributor, located at a bottom portion of the discharge chamber. The inner and outer electromagnets, the inner and outer magnetic conductors and the magnetically conducting back plate form a magnetic circuit that produces a magnetic field that is largely axial and radially symmetric with respect to the thruster centerline.

Elastically stretchable thin film conductors on an elastomeric substrate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jones Harris, Joyelle Elizabeth

Imagine a large, flat screen television that can be rolled into a small cylinder after purchase in the store and then unrolled and mounted onto the wall of a home. The electronic devices within the television must be able to withstand large deformation and tensile strain. Consider a robot that is covered with an electronic skin that simulates human skin. The skin would enable the machine to lift an elderly person with care and sensitivity. The skin will endure repeated deformation with the highest tensile strains being experienced at the robot's joints. These applications and many others will benefit from stretchable electronic circuitry. While several different methods have been employed to create stretchable electronics, all methods use a common tool -- stretchable conductors. Therefore, the goal of this thesis work was to fabricate elastically stretchable conductors that can be used in stretchable electronics. We deposited Au thin films on an elastomeric substrate, and the resulting conductors remained electrically continuous when stretched by 30% and more. We developed photolithographic processes that can be used to pattern elastically stretchable conductors with a 10 mum resolution. We fabricated bi-level stretchable conductors that are separated by an elastomeric insulator and are electrically connected through via holes in the insulator. We applied our bi-level conductors to create a stretchable resistor-inductor-capacitor (RLC) circuit with a tunable resonant frequency. We also used stretchable conductors to measure action potentials in biological samples. This thesis describes the fabrication and application of our elastically stretchable conductors.

Development of a Novel Hybrid Multi-Junction Architecture for Silicon Solar Cells

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-03-26

W Watts KOH Potassium Hydroxide xj Junction depth k Thermal conductivity z Normal distance l Conductor length σ Stefan...outermost orbit [9]. A material conducts electricity when its valence electrons move into the conduction band and become conductor electrons. Conductor ...become a conductor , it must absorb enough energy to overcome the band gap, which is the energy difference between the valence band and the conduction

Design and Preparation of Two ReBCO-CORC® Cable-In-Conduit Conductors for Fusion and Detector Magnets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mulder, T.; van der Laan, D.; Weiss, J. D.; Dudarev, A.; Dhallé, M.; ten Kate, H. H. J.

2017-12-01

Two new ReBCO-CORC® based cable-in-conduit conductors (CICC) are developed by CERN in collaboration with ACT-Boulder. Both conductors feature a critical current of about 80 kA at 4.5 K and 12 T. One conductor is designed for operation in large detector magnets, while the other is aimed for application in fusion type magnets. The conductors use a six-around-one cable geometry with six flexible ReBCO CORC® strands twisted around a central tube. The fusion CICC is designed to be cooled by the internal forced flow of either helium gas or supercritical helium to cope with high heat loads in superconducting magnets in large fusion experimental reactors. In addition, the cable is enclosed by a stainless steel jacket to accommodate with the high level of Lorentz forces present in such magnets. Detector type magnets require stable, high-current conductors. Therefore, the detector CORC® CICC comprises an OFHC copper jacket with external conduction cooling, which is advantageous due to its simplicity. A 2.8 m long sample of each conductor is manufactured and prepared for testing in the Sultan facility at PSI Villigen. In the paper, the conductor design and assembly steps for both CORC® CICCs are highlighted.

Practical fit functions for transport critical current versus field magnitude and angle data from (RE)BCO coated conductors at fixed low temperatures and in high magnetic fields

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hilton, D. K.; Gavrilin, A. V.; Trociewitz, U. P.

2015-07-01

Applications of (RE = Y, Gd)BCO coated conductors for the generation of high magnetic fields are increasing sharply, this while (RE)BCO coated conductors themselves are evolving rapidly. This article describes and demonstrates recently developed and applied mathematical models that systematically and comprehensively characterize the transport critical current angular dependence of a batch of (RE)BCO coated conductor in high magnetic fields at fixed temperatures with an uncertainty of 10% or better. The model development was based on analysis of experimental data sets from various published sources and coated conductors with different microstructures. These derivations directly are applicable to the accurate prediction of the performance in high magnetic fields of coils wound with (RE)BCO coated conductors. In particular, a nonlinear fit is discussed in this article of transport critical current at T = 4.2 K versus field and angle data. This fit was used to estimate the hysteresis losses of (RE)BCO coated conductors in high magnetic fields, and to design the inserts wound with such conductors of the all-superconducting 32 T magnet being constructed at the NHMFL. A series of such fits, recently developed at several fixed temperatures, continues to be used to simulate the quench behavior of that magnet.

The cognitive architecture for chaining of two mental operations.

PubMed

Sackur, Jérôme; Dehaene, Stanislas

2009-05-01

A simple view, which dates back to Turing, proposes that complex cognitive operations are composed of serially arranged elementary operations, each passing intermediate results to the next. However, whether and how such serial processing is achieved with a brain composed of massively parallel processors, remains an open question. Here, we study the cognitive architecture for chained operations with an elementary arithmetic algorithm: we required participants to add (or subtract) two to a digit, and then compare the result with five. In four experiments, we probed the internal implementation of this task with chronometric analysis, the cued-response method, the priming method, and a subliminal forced-choice procedure. We found evidence for an approximately sequential processing, with an important qualification: the second operation in the algorithm appears to start before completion of the first operation. Furthermore, initially the second operation takes as input the stimulus number rather than the output of the first operation. Thus, operations that should be processed serially are in fact executed partially in parallel. Furthermore, although each elementary operation can proceed subliminally, their chaining does not occur in the absence of conscious perception. Overall, the results suggest that chaining is slow, effortful, imperfect (resulting partly in parallel rather than serial execution) and dependent on conscious control.

Materials and methods for autonomous restoration of electrical conductivity

DOEpatents

Blaiszik, Benjamin J; Odom, Susan A; Caruso, Mary M; Jackson, Aaron C; Baginska, Marta B; Ritchey, Joshua A; Finke, Aaron D; White, Scott R; Moore, Jeffrey S; Sottos, Nancy R; Braun, Paul V; Amine, Khalil

2014-03-25

An autonomic conductivity restoration system includes a solid conductor and a plurality of particles. The particles include a conductive fluid, a plurality of conductive microparticles, and/or a conductive material forming agent. The solid conductor has a first end, a second end, and a first conductivity between the first and second ends. When a crack forms between the first and second ends of the conductor, the contents of at least a portion of the particles are released into the crack. The cracked conductor and the released contents of the particles form a restored conductor having a second conductivity, which may be at least 90% of the first conductivity.

RADIO FREQUENCY ATTENUATOR

DOEpatents

Giordano, S.

1963-11-12

A high peak power level r-f attenuator that is readily and easily insertable along a coaxial cable having an inner conductor and an outer annular conductor without breaking the ends thereof is presented. Spaced first and second flares in the outer conductor face each other with a slidable cylindrical outer conductor portion therebetween. Dielectric means, such as water, contact the cable between the flares to attenuate the radio-frequency energy received thereby. The cylindrical outer conductor portion is slidable to adjust the voltage standing wave ratio to a low level, and one of the flares is slidable to adjust the attenuation level. An integral dielectric container is also provided. (AFC)

Development of a 0.014-in., anti-solenoid loop MR imaging guidewire for intravascular 3.0-T MR imaging.

PubMed

Gu, Huidong; Zhang, Feng; Meng, Yanfeng; Qiu, Bensheng; Yang, Xiaoming

2011-09-01

This study aimed to develop a 0.014-in., anti-solenoid loop (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging guidewire (MRIG) for intravascular 3.0-T MR imaging. We first designed the ASL MRIG, which was made of a coaxial cable with its extended inner conductor and outer conductor connected to two micro-anti-solenoids. We then evaluated in vitro the functionality of the ASL MRIG by imaging a "vessel" in a phantom and achieving signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and SNR contour map of the new 0.014-in. ASL MRIG. Subsequently, we validated in vivo the feasibility of using the ASL MRIG to generate intravenous 3.0-T MR images of parallel iliofemoral arteries of near-human-sized living pigs. In vitro evaluation showed that the 0.014-in. ASL MRIG functioned well as a receiver coil with the 3.0-T MR scanner, clearly displaying the vessel wall with even distribution of MR signals and SNR contours from the ASL MRIG. Of the in vivo studies, the new ASL MRIG enabled us to successfully generate intravenous 3.0-T MR imaging of the iliofemoral arteries. This study confirms that it is possible to build such small-looped MRIG at 0.014 in. for intravascular 3.0-T MR imaging. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Geophysical investigations of the Umm ar Rummf copper prospect, Al Qunfudhah Quadrangle, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

USGS Publications Warehouse

Sadek, Hamdy S.; Blank, H. Richard

1983-01-01

The Umm ar Rummf copper prospect, located about 30 km east of Al Qunfudhah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, consists of zones of malachite disseminations and fracture fillings in outcrops of north-trending impure quartzite of the Bahah group. Systematic Crone electromagnetic and self-potential surveys indicate that weakly conductive tabular bodies having a weak to moderate self-potential effect extend downdip from two discontinuously exposed, parallel ridges of mineralized quartzite. Crone electromagnetic data were quantitatively interpreted using characteristic parameter lines adapted for use at 1830 and 5010 Hz, the frequencies employed at Umm ar Rummf. Depths to the top of the conductors were computed to be from 20 to 40 m or about the thickness of the oxidized zone, which behaves as a variably conductive overburden. Both tabular conductors can also be traced geophysically to the north and south of the copper-bearing outcrops. The association of the geophysical anomalies with copper-mineralized rocks has been proved by drilling. Reconnaissance MAXMIN electromagnetic profiles across the target using a wide coil separation show broad, low-amplitude anomalies that may indicate mineralized rocks at depth, and reconnaissance ground-magnetic profiles show strong total-field intensity anomalies associated with basaltic dikes of probable Tertiary age. In the central part of the area of investigation, these dikes produce large disturbances of the electrical fields.

Electrical anisotropy in the presence of oceans—a sensitivity study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cembrowski, Marcel; Junge, Andreas

2018-05-01

Electrical anisotropy in the presence of oceans is particularly relevant at continent-ocean subduction zones (e.g. Cascadian and Andean Margin), where seismic anisotropy has been found with trench-parallel or perpendicular fast direction. The identification of electrical anisotropy at such locations sheds new light on the relation between seismic and electrical anisotropies. At areas confined by two opposite oceans, for example the Pyrenean Area and Central America, we demonstrate that the superposed responses of both oceans generate a uniform and large phase split of the main phase tensor axes. The pattern of the tipper arrows is comparatively complicated and it is often difficult to associate their length and orientation to the coast effect. On the basis of simple forward models involving opposite oceans and anisotropic layers, we show that both structures generate similar responses. In the case of a deep anisotropic layer, the resistivity and phase split generated by the oceans alone will be increased or decreased depending on the azimuth of the conducting horizontal principal axes. The 3-D isotropic inversion of the anisotropic forward responses reproduces the input data reasonably well. The anisotropy is explained by large opposed conductors outside the station grid and by tube-like elongated conductors representing a macroscopic anisotropy. If the conductive direction is perpendicular to the shorelines, the anisotropy is not recovered by 3-D isotropic inversion.

78 FR 25347 - Petition for Amending Waiver of Compliance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-30

... regulations contained at 49 CFR Part 242, Conductor Certification, in Docket Number FRA-2012-0054. On January... of 49 CFR 242.403 to encourage conductor reporting of close calls, and to protect conductors and...

Fatigue tests of YBCO coated conductors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bamba, S.; Tanaka, Y.; Ando, T.; Ueda, H.; Ishiyama, A.; Yamada, Y.; Shiohara, Y.

2008-02-01

In this paper, we report the fatigue characteristics of IBAD/PLD YBCO coated conductors. A YBCO coated conductor used in the superconducting coil of a SMES system is repeatedly subjected to mechanical tensile or compressive strain due to the Lorentz force during electrical charging or discharging. The superconducting characteristic of this conductor may deteriorate because of this cyclic strain. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effect of cyclic strain on the superconducting characteristics of YBCO coated conductors that have a laminated structure. We developed an experimental apparatus with a U-shaped sample holder in order to apply cyclic strain to the sample tape. This apparatus was used to perform the fatigue tests on YBCO coated conductors in liquid nitrogen in the absence of an external magnetic field. The strain cycles with the maximum strain epsilonmax (zero external strain → epsilonmax → zero external strain) were applied and repeated up to 5000 times, and the Ic measurements were performed at epsilonmax. Therefore, the application of cyclic strain with epsilonmax ranging from 0.3% to 0.5% did not result in any significant deterioration of the superconducting characteristics of the conductor.

A discrete method for modal analysis of overhead line conductor bundles

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Migdalovici, M.A.; Sireteanu, T.D.; Albrecht, A.A.

The paper presents a mathematical model and a semi-analytical procedure to calculate the vibration modes and eigenfrequencies of single or bundled conductors with spacers which are needed for evaluation of the wind induced vibration of conductors and for optimization of spacer-dampers placement. The method consists in decomposition of conductors in modules and the expansion by polynomial series of unknown displacements on each module. A complete system of polynomials are deduced for this by Legendre polynomials. Each module is considered either boundary conditions at the extremity of the module or the continuity conditions between the modules and also a number ofmore » projections of module equilibrium equation on the polynomials from the expansion series of unknown displacement. The global system of the eigenmodes and eigenfrequencies is of the matrix form: A X + {omega}{sup 2} M X = 0. The theoretical considerations are exemplified on one conductor and on bundle of two conductors with spacers. From this, a method for forced vibration calculus of a single or bundled conductors is also presented.« less

46 CFR 169.672 - Wiring for power and lighting circuits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...) Wiring for power and lighting circuits must have copper conductors, of 14 AWG or larger, and— (1) Meet... must have stranded conductors. (c) Conductors must be sized so that— (1) They are adequate for the...

Method and system for evaluating integrity of adherence of a conductor bond to a mating surface of a substrate

DOEpatents

Telschow, K.L.; Siu, B.K.

1996-07-09

A method of evaluating integrity of adherence of a conductor bond to a substrate includes: (a) impinging a plurality of light sources onto a substrate; (b) detecting optical reflective signatures emanating from the substrate from the impinged light; (c) determining location of a selected conductor bond on the substrate from the detected reflective signatures; (d) determining a target site on the selected conductor bond from the detected reflective signatures; (e) optically imparting an elastic wave at the target site through the selected conductor bond and into the substrate; (f) optically detecting an elastic wave signature emanating from the substrate resulting from the optically imparting step; and (g) determining integrity of adherence of the selected conductor bond to the substrate from the detected elastic wave signature emanating from the substrate. A system is disclosed which is capable of conducting the method. 13 figs.

Method and system for evaluating integrity of adherence of a conductor bond to a mating surface of a substrate

DOEpatents

Telschow, Kenneth L.; Siu, Bernard K.

1996-01-01

A method of evaluating integrity of adherence of a conductor bond to a substrate includes: a) impinging a plurality of light sources onto a substrate; b) detecting optical reflective signatures emanating from the substrate from the impinged light; c) determining location of a selected conductor bond on the substrate from the detected reflective signatures; d) determining a target site on the selected conductor bond from the detected reflective signatures; e) optically imparting an elastic wave at the target site through the selected conductor bond and into the substrate; f) optically detecting an elastic wave signature emanating from the substrate resulting from the optically imparting step; and g) determining integrity of adherence of the selected conductor bond to the substrate from the detected elastic wave signature emanating from the substrate. A system is disclosed which is capable of conducting the method.

Carbon Nanotube Based Light Sensor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wincheski, russell A. (Inventor); Smits, Jan M. (Inventor); Jordan, Jeffrey D. (Inventor); Watkins, Anthony Neal (Inventor); Ingram, JoAnne L. (Inventor)

2006-01-01

A light sensor substrate comprises a base made from a semi-conductive material and topped with a layer of an electrically non-conductive material. A first electrode and a plurality of carbon nanotube (CNT)-based conductors are positioned on the layer of electrically non-conductive material with the CNT-based conductors being distributed in a spaced apart fashion about a periphery of the first electrode. Each CNT-based conductor is coupled on one end thereof to the first electrode and extends away from the first electrode to terminate at a second free end. A second or gate electrode is positioned on the non-conductive material layer and is spaced apart from the second free end of each CNT-based conductor. Coupled to the first and second electrode is a device for detecting electron transfer along the CNT-based conductors resulting from light impinging on the CNT-based conductors.

Downhole transmission system comprising a coaxial capacitor

DOEpatents

Hall, David R [Provo, UT; Pixton, David S [Lehi, UT; Johnson, Monte L [Orem, UT; Bartholomew, David B [Springville, UT; Hall, Jr., H. Tracy; Rawle, Michael [Springville, UT

2011-05-24

A transmission system in a downhole component comprises a plurality of data transmission elements. A coaxial cable having an inner conductor and an outer conductor is disposed within a passage in the downhole component such that at least one capacitor is disposed in the passage and having a first terminal coupled to the inner conductor and a second terminal coupled to the outer conductor. Preferably the transmission element comprises an electrically conducting coil. Preferably, within the passage a connector is adapted to electrically connect the inner conductor of the coaxial cable and the lead wire. The coaxial capacitor may be disposed between and in electrically communication with the connector and the passage. In another embodiment a connector is adapted to electrical connect a first and a second portion of the inner conductor of the coaxial cable and a coaxial capacitor is in electrical communication with the connector and the passage.

Aeolian vibration control of overhead electrical transmission line conductors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sireteanu, T.; Migdalovici, M.; Videa, E.

The paper presents a mathematical model and an analytical procedure to control the wind induced vibration of a single conductor such that the dynamic strain about the suspension clamp is kept within the imposed safety limits. The method is based on the energy balance principle which takes into account the wind energy input, the energy dissipated by the conductor self-damping properties and by the Stockbridge dampers which are frequently used for the aeolian vibration control. The damping characteristics of the Stockbridge dampers are expressed in terms of their mechanical impedance determined experimentally on a vibration exciter. The method can bemore » used to establish whether or not it is necessary to equip the conductor by Stockbridge dampers, which type of damper is more suitable for a given conductor, span length and EDS (every day stress), the necessary number of dampers as well as their optimum spacing on the conductor.« less

Decoupled Ion Transport in a Protein-Based Solid Ion Conductor.

PubMed

Fu, Xuewei; Jewel, Yead; Wang, Yu; Liu, Jin; Zhong, Wei-Hong

2016-11-03

Simultaneous achievement of good electrochemical and mechanical properties is crucial for practical applications of solid ion conductors. Conventional polymer conductors suffer from low conductivity, low transference number, and deteriorated mechanical properties with the enhancement of conductivity, resulting from the coupling between ion transport and polymer movement. Here we present a successful fabrication and fundamental understanding of a high performance soy protein-based solid conductor. The conductor shows ionic conductivity of ∼10 -5 S/cm, transference number of 0.94, and modulus of 1 GPa at room temperature, and still remains flexible and easily processable. Molecular simulations indicate that this is due to appropriate manipulation of the protein structures for effective exploitation of protein functional groups. A decoupled transport mechanism, which is able to explain all results, is proposed. The new insights can be utilized to provide guidelines for design, optimization, and fabrication of high performance biosolid conductors.

System, method and computer-readable medium for locating physical phenomena

DOEpatents

Weseman, Matthew T [Idaho Falls, ID; Rohrbaugh, David T [Idaho Falls, ID; Richardson, John G [Idaho Falls, ID

2008-02-26

A method, system and computer product for detecting the location of a deformation of a structure includes baselining a defined energy transmitting characteristic for each of the plurality of laterally adjacent conductors attached to the structure. Each of the plurality of conductors includes a plurality of segments coupled in series and having an associated unit value representative of the defined energy transmitting characteristic. The plurality of laterally adjacent conductors includes a plurality of identity groups with each identity group including at least one of the plurality of segments from each of the plurality of conductors. Each of the plurality of conductors are monitored for a difference in the defined energy transmitting characteristic when compared with a baseline energy transmitting characteristic for each of the plurality of conductors. When the difference exceeds a threshold value, a location of the deformation along the structure is calculated.

Downhole tool adapted for telemetry

DOEpatents

Hall, David R.; Fox, Joe

2010-12-14

A cycleable downhole tool such as a Jar, a hydraulic hammer, and a shock absorber adapted for telemetry. This invention applies to other tools where the active components of the tool are displaced when the tool is rotationally or translationally cycled. The invention consists of inductive or contact transmission rings that are connected by an extensible conductor. The extensible conductor permits the transmission of the signal before, after, and during the cycling of the tool. The signal may be continuous or intermittent during cycling. The invention also applies to downhole tools that do not cycle, but in operation are under such stress that an extensible conductor is beneficial. The extensible conductor may also consist of an extensible portion and a fixed portion. The extensible conductor also features clamps that maintain the conductor under stresses greater than that seen by the tool, and seals that are capable of protecting against downhole pressure and contamination.

Load-resistant coaxial transmission line

DOEpatents

Hall, David R.; Fox, Joe

2006-01-03

A transmission line for downhole tools that make up all or part of a tool string for drilling and production of oil, gas, and geothermal wells that can withstand the dynamic gravitational forces and other accelerations associated with downhole excavations. The transmission line has a metal tube, or outer conductor, that houses a coaxial wire inner conductor. A non-metallic dielectric material is interposed between the inner and outer conductors. The outer and inner conductors and the dielectric are sufficiently compressed together so that independent motion between them is abated. Compression of the components of the transmission line may be achieved by drawing the transmission through one or more dies in order to draw down the outer conductor onto the dielectric, or by expanding the inner conductor against the dielectric using a mandrel or hydraulic pressure. Non-metallic bead segments may be used in aid of the compression necessary to resist the dynamic forces and accelerations of drilling.

Analysis of waveguides containing EMCs (electromagnetic conductors) or PEMCs (perfect electromagnetic conductors)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prudêncio, Filipa R.; Matos, Sérgio A.; Paiva, Carlos R.

2014-11-01

The concept of a perfect electromagnetic conductor (PEMC) was introduced to generalize and unify two well-known and apparently disjoint concepts in electromagnetics: the perfect electric conductor (PEC) and the perfect magnetic conductor (PMC). Although the PEMC has proven a fertile tool in electromagnetic analyses dealing with new and complex boundaries, its corresponding definition as a medium has, nevertheless, raised several problems. In fact, according to its initial 3D definition, the PEMC cannot be considered a unique and well-defined medium: it leads to extraneous fields without physical meaning. By using a previously published generalization of a PEMC that regards this concept both as a boundary and as a medium - which was dubbed an MIM (Minkowskian isotropic medium) and acts, in practice, as an actual electromagnetic conductor (EMC) - it is herein presented a straightforward analysis of waveguides containing PEMCs that readily and systematically follows from the general framework of waveguides containing EMCs.

Insulation defects in Riata implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads.

PubMed

Sato, Akinori; Chinushi, Masaomi; Iijima, Kenichi; Izumi, Daisuke; Furushima, Hiroshi

2012-01-01

The structures composing implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) leads have become more complicated and thinner with technological advances. Silicon insulation defects with and without clinically manifested electrical abnormalities have been reported in Riata leads (St. Jude Medical). The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and clinical implications of insulation defects in Riata leads implanted at our hospital. The subjects included 10 consecutive patients who received 8-French Riata ICD leads with dual-coil conductors (model 1580 or 1581) between 2006 and 2010 at our hospital. Operative records, chest X-rays and interrogation data were reviewed. In all cases, Atlas+ (St. Jude Medical) was used as an ICD generator and the Riata leads were implanted transvenously and fixed to the right ventricular apex. During a mean follow-up period of 52±9 (36-70) months, chest X-rays revealed insulation defects in Riata leads and conductor wires projecting from the bodies of the Riata leads in two of 10 (20%) patients. One of the patients received inappropriate ICD therapies due to T-wave oversensing based on attenuation of R waves and augmentation of T waves 41 months after implantation. In the other patient, an insulation defect without any clinically manifested electrical troubles was detected 50 months after implantation. Riata leads have a high incidence of insulation defects, which may be occasionally accompanied by inappropriate ICD discharges. For patients with Riata leads, careful observation of any changes in the lead-electrical measurements and a routine chest X-ray follow-up are necessary.

Extensive Evaluation of the Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents Method in Predicting Liquid-Liquid Equilibria in Ternary Systems of Ionic Liquids with Molecular Compounds.

PubMed

Paduszyński, Kamil

2018-04-12

A conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) is nowadays one of the most popular and commonly applied tools for the estimation of thermodynamic properties of complex fluids. The goal of this work is to provide a comprehensive review and analysis of the performance of this approach in calculating liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) phase diagrams in ternary systems composed of ionic liquid and two molecular compounds belonging to diverse families of chemicals (alkanes, aromatics, S/N-compounds, alcohols, ketones, ethers, carboxylic acid, esters, and water). The predictions are presented for extensive experimental database, including 930 LLE data sets and more than 9000 data points (LLE tie lines) reported for 779 unique ternary mixtures. An impact of the type of molecular binary subsystem on the accuracy of predictions is demonstrated and discussed on the basis of representative examples. The model's capability of capturing qualitative trends in the LLE distribution ratio and selectivity is also checked for a number of structural effects. Comparative analysis of two levels of quantum chemical theory (BP-TZVP-COSMO vs BP-TZVPD-FINE) for the input molecular data for COSMO-RS is presented. Finally, some general recommendations for the applicability of the model are indicated based on the analysis of the global performance as well as on the results obtained for systems relevant from the point of view of important separation problems.

Stretchable conductors by kirigami patterning of aramid-silver nanocomposites with zero conductance gradient

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lyu, Jing; Hammig, Mark D.; Liu, Lehao; Xu, Lizhi; Chi, Hang; Uher, Ctirad; Li, Tiehu; Kotov, Nicholas A.

2017-10-01

Materials that are both stretchable and electrically conductive enable a broad spectrum of applications in sensing, actuating, electronics, optics and energy storage. The materials engineering concept of stretchable conductors is primarily based on combining nanowires, nanoribbons, nanoparticles, or nanocarbons with rubbery polymers to obtain composites with different abilities to transport charge and alter their nanoscale organization under strain. Although some of these composites reveal remarkably interesting multiscale reconfigurability and self-assembly phenomena, decreasing conductance with increased strain has restricted their widespread implementation. In a broader physical sense, the dependence of conductance on stress is undesirable because it requires a correlated change of electrical inputs. In this paper, we describe highly conductive and deformable sheets with a conductivity as high as 230 000 S cm-1, composed of silver nanoparticles, infiltrated within a porous aramid nanofiber (ANF) matrix. By forming a kirigami pattern, consisting of a regularized network of notches cut within the films, their ultimate tensile strain is improved from ˜2% to beyond 100%. The use of ANFs derived from well-known ultrastrong Kevlar™ fibers imparts high mechanical performance to the base composite. Importantly, the conductance of the films remains constant, even under large deformation resulting in a material with a zero conductance gradient. Unlike other nanocomposites for which strain and conductance are strongly coupled, the kirigami nanocomposite provides a pathway to demanding applications for flexible and stretchable electronics with power/voltage being unaffected by the deformation mode and temperature.

Computational strategies for three-dimensional flow simulations on distributed computer systems. Ph.D. Thesis Semiannual Status Report, 15 Aug. 1993 - 15 Feb. 1994

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Weed, Richard Allen; Sankar, L. N.

1994-01-01

An increasing amount of research activity in computational fluid dynamics has been devoted to the development of efficient algorithms for parallel computing systems. The increasing performance to price ratio of engineering workstations has led to research to development procedures for implementing a parallel computing system composed of distributed workstations. This thesis proposal outlines an ongoing research program to develop efficient strategies for performing three-dimensional flow analysis on distributed computing systems. The PVM parallel programming interface was used to modify an existing three-dimensional flow solver, the TEAM code developed by Lockheed for the Air Force, to function as a parallel flow solver on clusters of workstations. Steady flow solutions were generated for three different wing and body geometries to validate the code and evaluate code performance. The proposed research will extend the parallel code development to determine the most efficient strategies for unsteady flow simulations.

46 CFR 120.370 - General grounding requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... hull must not carry current as a conductor except for the following systems: (1) Impressed current... grounding pole and a grounding conductor in the portable cord. (c) Each nonmetallic mast and top mast must have a lightning ground conductor. ...

46 CFR 120.370 - General grounding requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... hull must not carry current as a conductor except for the following systems: (1) Impressed current... grounding pole and a grounding conductor in the portable cord. (c) Each nonmetallic mast and top mast must have a lightning ground conductor. ...

Stators with improved conductor assembly and method of making same

DOEpatents

Dang, Dang Dinh; Blissenbach, Rolf; Schauer, David; Wattleworth, John; Milani, Michael; Hatch, Erik

2013-07-30

A stator includes a stator core, a plurality of slots, and a conductor. The plurality of slots are formed within the stator core. The conductor is disposed continuously within at least two of the plurality of openings.

46 CFR 120.370 - General grounding requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... hull must not carry current as a conductor except for the following systems: (1) Impressed current... grounding pole and a grounding conductor in the portable cord. (c) Each nonmetallic mast and top mast must have a lightning ground conductor. ...

46 CFR 120.370 - General grounding requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... hull must not carry current as a conductor except for the following systems: (1) Impressed current... grounding pole and a grounding conductor in the portable cord. (c) Each nonmetallic mast and top mast must have a lightning ground conductor. ...

46 CFR 120.370 - General grounding requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... hull must not carry current as a conductor except for the following systems: (1) Impressed current... grounding pole and a grounding conductor in the portable cord. (c) Each nonmetallic mast and top mast must have a lightning ground conductor. ...

Charge and discharge characteristics of lithium-ion graphite electrodes in solid-state cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lemont, S.; Billaud, D.

Lithium ions have been electrochemically intercalated into graphite in solid-state cells operating with solid polymer electrolytes based on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) complexed with lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4). The working composite electrode is composed of active-divided natural graphite associated with P(EO) 8-LiClO 4 acting as a binder and a Li + ionic conductor. Intercalation and de-intercalation of Li + were performed using galvanostatic or voltammetry techniques. The curves obtained in our solid-state cells were compared with those performed in liquid ethylene carbonate-LiClO 4 electrolyte. It is shown that in solid-state cells, side reactions occur both in the reduction and in the oxidation processes which leads to some uncertainty in the determination of the maximum reversible capacity of the graphite material.

A biotechnological T-shirt monitors the patient's heart during hemodialysis.

PubMed

Lacquaniti, Antonio; Donato, Valentina; Lucisano, Silvia; Buemi, Antoine; Buemi, Michele

2012-01-01

Uremic patients are characterized by a "pro-arrhythmic substrate." Arrhythmia appearance during hemodialysis (HD) is an unexpected event with a high incidence of mortality and morbidity and difficult to record in patients repeatedly checked using electrocardiogram (ECG). Furthermore the carrying out of this important examination by classical devices during HD is uncomfortable and sometimes stressful for the patient. It may be very useful to monitor the patient's cardiac activity during the whole HD session. We tried to overcome these difficulties using Whealthy(®) (Wearable Health Care System), a wearable system in a T-shirt composed of conductors and piezoresistive materials, integrated to form fibers and threads connected to tissular sensors, electrodes, and connectors. ECG and pneumographic impedance signals are acquired by the electrodes in the tissue, and the data are registered by a small computer and transmitted via GPRS or Bluetooth.

One-Step Fabrication of Stretchable Copper Nanowire Conductors by a Fast Photonic Sintering Technique and Its Application in Wearable Devices.

PubMed

Ding, Su; Jiu, Jinting; Gao, Yue; Tian, Yanhong; Araki, Teppei; Sugahara, Tohru; Nagao, Shijo; Nogi, Masaya; Koga, Hirotaka; Suganuma, Katsuaki; Uchida, Hiroshi

2016-03-09

Copper nanowire (CuNW) conductors have been considered to have a promising perspective in the area of stretchable electronics due to the low price and high conductivity. However, the fabrication of CuNW conductors suffers from harsh conditions, such as high temperature, reducing atmosphere, and time-consuming transfer step. Here, a simple and rapid one-step photonic sintering technique was developed to fabricate stretchable CuNW conductors on polyurethane (PU) at room temperature in air environment. It was observed that CuNWs were instantaneously deoxidized, welded and simultaneously embedded into the soft surface of PU through the one-step photonic sintering technique, after which highly conductive network and strong adhesion between CuNWs and PU substrates were achieved. The CuNW/PU conductor with sheet resistance of 22.1 Ohm/sq and transmittance of 78% was achieved by the one-step photonic sintering technique within only 20 μs in air. Besides, the CuNW/PU conductor could remain a low sheet resistance even after 1000 cycles of stretching/releasing under 10% strain. Two flexible electronic devices, wearable sensor and glove-shaped heater, were fabricated using the stretchable CuNW/PU conductor, demonstrating that our CuNW/PU conductor could be integrated into various wearable electronic devices for applications in food, clothes, and medical supplies fields.

Data communications in a parallel active messaging interface of a parallel computer

DOEpatents

Blocksome, Michael A.; Ratterman, Joseph D.; Smith, Brian E.

2014-09-02

Eager send data communications in a parallel active messaging interface (`PAMI`) of a parallel computer, the PAMI composed of data communications endpoints that specify a client, a context, and a task, including receiving an eager send data communications instruction with transfer data disposed in a send buffer characterized by a read/write send buffer memory address in a read/write virtual address space of the origin endpoint; determining for the send buffer a read-only send buffer memory address in a read-only virtual address space, the read-only virtual address space shared by both the origin endpoint and the target endpoint, with all frames of physical memory mapped to pages of virtual memory in the read-only virtual address space; and communicating by the origin endpoint to the target endpoint an eager send message header that includes the read-only send buffer memory address.

Data communications in a parallel active messaging interface of a parallel computer

DOEpatents

Blocksome, Michael A.; Ratterman, Joseph D.; Smith, Brian E.

2014-09-16

Eager send data communications in a parallel active messaging interface (`PAMI`) of a parallel computer, the PAMI composed of data communications endpoints that specify a client, a context, and a task, including receiving an eager send data communications instruction with transfer data disposed in a send buffer characterized by a read/write send buffer memory address in a read/write virtual address space of the origin endpoint; determining for the send buffer a read-only send buffer memory address in a read-only virtual address space, the read-only virtual address space shared by both the origin endpoint and the target endpoint, with all frames of physical memory mapped to pages of virtual memory in the read-only virtual address space; and communicating by the origin endpoint to the target endpoint an eager send message header that includes the read-only send buffer memory address.

Cooperative parallel adaptive neighbourhood search for the disjunctively constrained knapsack problem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Quan, Zhe; Wu, Lei

2017-09-01

This article investigates the use of parallel computing for solving the disjunctively constrained knapsack problem. The proposed parallel computing model can be viewed as a cooperative algorithm based on a multi-neighbourhood search. The cooperation system is composed of a team manager and a crowd of team members. The team members aim at applying their own search strategies to explore the solution space. The team manager collects the solutions from the members and shares the best one with them. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated on a group of benchmark data sets. The results obtained are compared to those reached by the best methods from the literature. The results show that the proposed method is able to provide the best solutions in most cases. In order to highlight the robustness of the proposed parallel computing model, a new set of large-scale instances is introduced. Encouraging results have been obtained.

Data communications for a collective operation in a parallel active messaging interface of a parallel computer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Faraj, Daniel A.

Algorithm selection for data communications in a parallel active messaging interface (`PAMI`) of a parallel computer, the PAMI composed of data communications endpoints, each endpoint including specifications of a client, a context, and a task, endpoints coupled for data communications through the PAMI, including associating in the PAMI data communications algorithms and bit masks; receiving in an origin endpoint of the PAMI a collective instruction, the instruction specifying transmission of a data communications message from the origin endpoint to a target endpoint; constructing a bit mask for the received collective instruction; selecting, from among the associated algorithms and bit masks,more » a data communications algorithm in dependence upon the constructed bit mask; and executing the collective instruction, transmitting, according to the selected data communications algorithm from the origin endpoint to the target endpoint, the data communications message.« less

Data communications in a parallel active messaging interface of a parallel computer

DOEpatents

Davis, Kristan D.; Faraj, Daniel A.

2014-07-22

Algorithm selection for data communications in a parallel active messaging interface (`PAMI`) of a parallel computer, the PAMI composed of data communications endpoints, each endpoint including specifications of a client, a context, and a task, endpoints coupled for data communications through the PAMI, including associating in the PAMI data communications algorithms and ranges of message sizes so that each algorithm is associated with a separate range of message sizes; receiving in an origin endpoint of the PAMI a data communications instruction, the instruction specifying transmission of a data communications message from the origin endpoint to a target endpoint, the data communications message characterized by a message size; selecting, from among the associated algorithms and ranges, a data communications algorithm in dependence upon the message size; and transmitting, according to the selected data communications algorithm from the origin endpoint to the target endpoint, the data communications message.

Data communications in a parallel active messaging interface of a parallel computer

DOEpatents

Davis, Kristan D; Faraj, Daniel A

2013-07-09

Algorithm selection for data communications in a parallel active messaging interface (`PAMI`) of a parallel computer, the PAMI composed of data communications endpoints, each endpoint including specifications of a client, a context, and a task, endpoints coupled for data communications through the PAMI, including associating in the PAMI data communications algorithms and ranges of message sizes so that each algorithm is associated with a separate range of message sizes; receiving in an origin endpoint of the PAMI a data communications instruction, the instruction specifying transmission of a data communications message from the origin endpoint to a target endpoint, the data communications message characterized by a message size; selecting, from among the associated algorithms and ranges, a data communications algorithm in dependence upon the message size; and transmitting, according to the selected data communications algorithm from the origin endpoint to the target endpoint, the data communications message.

Parallel volume ray-casting for unstructured-grid data on distributed-memory architectures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ma, Kwan-Liu

1995-01-01

As computing technology continues to advance, computational modeling of scientific and engineering problems produces data of increasing complexity: large in size and unstructured in shape. Volume visualization of such data is a challenging problem. This paper proposes a distributed parallel solution that makes ray-casting volume rendering of unstructured-grid data practical. Both the data and the rendering process are distributed among processors. At each processor, ray-casting of local data is performed independent of the other processors. The global image composing processes, which require inter-processor communication, are overlapped with the local ray-casting processes to achieve maximum parallel efficiency. This algorithm differs from previous ones in four ways: it is completely distributed, less view-dependent, reasonably scalable, and flexible. Without using dynamic load balancing, test results on the Intel Paragon using from two to 128 processors show, on average, about 60% parallel efficiency.

Data communications for a collective operation in a parallel active messaging interface of a parallel computer

DOEpatents

Faraj, Daniel A

2013-07-16

Algorithm selection for data communications in a parallel active messaging interface (`PAMI`) of a parallel computer, the PAMI composed of data communications endpoints, each endpoint including specifications of a client, a context, and a task, endpoints coupled for data communications through the PAMI, including associating in the PAMI data communications algorithms and bit masks; receiving in an origin endpoint of the PAMI a collective instruction, the instruction specifying transmission of a data communications message from the origin endpoint to a target endpoint; constructing a bit mask for the received collective instruction; selecting, from among the associated algorithms and bit masks, a data communications algorithm in dependence upon the constructed bit mask; and executing the collective instruction, transmitting, according to the selected data communications algorithm from the origin endpoint to the target endpoint, the data communications message.

Data communications in a parallel active messaging interface of a parallel computer

DOEpatents

Archer, Charles J; Blocksome, Michael A; Ratterman, Joseph D; Smith, Brian E

2015-02-03

Data communications in a parallel active messaging interface (`PAMI`) of a parallel computer, the PAMI composed of data communications endpoints, each endpoint including a specification of data communications parameters for a thread of execution on a compute node, including specifications of a client, a context, and a task, endpoints coupled for data communications through the PAMI and through data communications resources, including receiving in an origin endpoint of the PAMI a SEND instruction, the SEND instruction specifying a transmission of transfer data from the origin endpoint to a first target endpoint; transmitting from the origin endpoint to the first target endpoint a Request-To-Send (`RTS`) message advising the first target endpoint of the location and size of the transfer data; assigning by the first target endpoint to each of a plurality of target endpoints separate portions of the transfer data; and receiving by the plurality of target endpoints the transfer data.

Data communications in a parallel active messaging interface of a parallel computer

DOEpatents

Archer, Charles J; Blocksome, Michael A; Ratterman, Joseph D; Smith, Brian E

2014-11-18

Data communications in a parallel active messaging interface (`PAMI`) of a parallel computer, the PAMI composed of data communications endpoints, each endpoint including a specification of data communications parameters for a thread of execution on a compute node, including specifications of a client, a context, and a task, endpoints coupled for data communications through the PAMI and through data communications resources, including receiving in an origin endpoint of the PAMI a SEND instruction, the SEND instruction specifying a transmission of transfer data from the origin endpoint to a first target endpoint; transmitting from the origin endpoint to the first target endpoint a Request-To-Send (`RTS`) message advising the first target endpoint of the location and size of the transfer data; assigning by the first target endpoint to each of a plurality of target endpoints separate portions of the transfer data; and receiving by the plurality of target endpoints the transfer data.

33 CFR 183.402 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... limited to, conductors, solenoids, motors, generators, alternators, distributors, resistors, appliances and electrical control devices. Pigtails means external power conductors or wires that are part of..., molded plastic, or flexible tubing, around one or more insulated conductors. [CGD 73-217, 42 FR 5944, Jan...

33 CFR 183.402 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... limited to, conductors, solenoids, motors, generators, alternators, distributors, resistors, appliances and electrical control devices. Pigtails means external power conductors or wires that are part of..., molded plastic, or flexible tubing, around one or more insulated conductors. [CGD 73-217, 42 FR 5944, Jan...

High-temperature flat-conductor cable

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rigling, W. S.

1976-01-01

Temperature limit of 25-conductor signal cable and 3-conductor power cable, fabricated using woven and roll laminated technique, increased from 200 C to 350 C when polyimide/fluorinated ethylene propylene or polytetrafluoroethylene insulation films and fluorinated ethylene propylene as adhesive medium is applied.

Task Analysis for the Jobs of Freight Train Conductor and Brakeman

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1975-05-31

This document describes the results of a research effort undertaken to detail the tasks of freight train conductors and brakemen. Included with text are detailed operational sequence diagrams for both conductor and brakeman. This task : analysis is s...

Thunderclouds and Lightning Conductors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, P. F.

1973-01-01

Discusses the historical background of the development of lightning conductors, describes the nature of thunderclouds and the lightning flash, and provides a calculation of the electric field under a thundercloud. Also discussed are point discharge currents and the attraction theory of the lightning conductor. (JR)

33 CFR 183.425 - Conductors: General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... than 30 inches. (g) This section does not apply to communications systems; electronic navigation equipment; electronic circuits having a current flow of less than one ampere; conductors which are totally inside an equipment housing; resistance conductors that control circuit amperage; high voltage secondary...

33 CFR 183.425 - Conductors: General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... than 30 inches. (g) This section does not apply to communications systems; electronic navigation equipment; electronic circuits having a current flow of less than one ampere; conductors which are totally inside an equipment housing; resistance conductors that control circuit amperage; high voltage secondary...

33 CFR 183.425 - Conductors: General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... than 30 inches. (g) This section does not apply to communications systems; electronic navigation equipment; electronic circuits having a current flow of less than one ampere; conductors which are totally inside an equipment housing; resistance conductors that control circuit amperage; high voltage secondary...

33 CFR 183.425 - Conductors: General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... than 30 inches. (g) This section does not apply to communications systems; electronic navigation equipment; electronic circuits having a current flow of less than one ampere; conductors which are totally inside an equipment housing; resistance conductors that control circuit amperage; high voltage secondary...

33 CFR 183.425 - Conductors: General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... than 30 inches. (g) This section does not apply to communications systems; electronic navigation equipment; electronic circuits having a current flow of less than one ampere; conductors which are totally inside an equipment housing; resistance conductors that control circuit amperage; high voltage secondary...

Overhead electric power transmission line jumpering system for bundles of five or more subconductors

DOEpatents

Winkelman, Paul F.

1982-01-01

Jumpering of electric power transmission lines at a dead end tower. Two transmission line conductor bundles each contain five or more spaced apart subconductors (5) arranged in the shape of a cylinder having a circular cross section. The ends of each bundle of subconductors are attached with insulators to a dead end tower (1). Jumpering allows the electric current to flow between the two bundles of subconductors using jumper buses, internal jumper conductors, and external jumper conductors. One or more current collecting jumper buses (37) are located inside each bundle of subconductors with each jumper bus being attached to the end of a subconductor. Small-diameter internal jumper conductors (33) are located in the inherently electrically shielded area inside each bundle of subconductors with each subconductor (except ones having an attached jumper bus) having one internal jumper conductor connected between that subconductor's end and a jumper bus. Large-diameter external jumper conductors (9) are located outside each bundle of subconductors with one or more external jumper conductors being connected between the jumper buses in one bundle of subconductors and the jumper buses in the other bundle.

46 CFR 129.370 - Equipment grounding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... and to a common ground by a conductor not normally carrying current. (b) Each metallic case of... grounding conductor must be sized to comply with section 250-95 of NEC (NFPA 70). (d) Each nonmetallic mast and topmast must have a lightning-ground conductor. ...

46 CFR 129.370 - Equipment grounding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... and to a common ground by a conductor not normally carrying current. (b) Each metallic case of... grounding conductor must be sized to comply with section 250-95 of NEC (NFPA 70). (d) Each nonmetallic mast and topmast must have a lightning-ground conductor. ...

A device for testing cables

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hayhurst, Arthur Ray (Inventor)

1993-01-01

A device for testing current paths is attachable to a conductor. The device automatically checks the current paths of the conductor for continuity of a center conductor, continuity of a shield, and a short circuit between the shield and the center conductor. The device includes a pair of connectors and a circuit to provide for testing of the conductive paths of a cable to be tested with the circuit paths of the circuit. The circuit paths in the circuit include indicators to simultaneously indicate the results of the testing.

Radial electron-beam-breakup transit-time oscillator

DOEpatents

Kwan, Thomas J. T.; Mostrom, Michael A.

1998-01-01

A radial electron-beam-breakup transit-time oscillator (RBTO) provides a compact high power microwave generator. The RBTO includes a coaxial vacuum transmission line having an outer conductor and an inner conductor. The inner conductor defines an annular cavity with dimensions effective to support an electromagnetic field in a TEM.sub.00m mode. A radial field emission cathode is formed on the outer conductor for providing an electron beam directed toward the annular cavity electrode. Microwave energy is then extracted from the annular cavity electrode.

Solid cartridge for a pulse weld forming electrode and method of joining tubular members

DOEpatents

Bonnen, John Joseph Francis; Golovashchenko, Sergey Fedorovich; Mamutov, Alexander; Maison, Lloyd Douglas; Dawson, Scott Alwyn; deVries, James

2016-02-23

A cartridge assembly is disclosed for a pulse welding a first tube supported on a mandrel to a second tube. An outer tool is assembled over the second tube and a stored charge is discharged in the cartridge assembly. The cartridge comprises an annular conductor and a solid casing enveloping the conductor. The stored charge is electrically connected to the conductor and discharged through the conductor to compress the second tube and pulse weld the second tube to the first tube.

Electrically conductive connection for an electrode

DOEpatents

Hornack, Thomas R.; Chilko, Robert J.

1986-01-01

An electrically conductive connection for an electrode assembly of an electrolyte cell in which aluminum is produced by electrolysis in a molten salt is described. The electrode assembly comprises an electrode flask and a conductor rod. The flask has a collar above an area of minimum flask diameter. The electrically conductive connection comprises the electrode flask, the conductor rod and a structure bearing against the collar and the conductor rod for pulling the conductor rod into compressive and electrical contact with the flask.

Electrically conductive connection for an electrode

DOEpatents

Hornack, T.R.; Chilko, R.J.

1986-09-02

An electrically conductive connection for an electrode assembly of an electrolyte cell in which aluminum is produced by electrolysis in a molten salt is described. The electrode assembly comprises an electrode flask and a conductor rod. The flask has a collar above an area of minimum flask diameter. The electrically conductive connection comprises the electrode flask, the conductor rod and a structure bearing against the collar and the conductor rod for pulling the conductor rod into compressive and electrical contact with the flask. 2 figs.

30 CFR 7.302 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... conduit box when specified. A motor assembly is comprised of one or more explosion-proof enclosures. Plane joint. A joint comprised of two adjoining surfaces in parallel planes. Step (rabbet) joint. A joint.... A step joint may be composed of a cylindrical portion and a plane portion or of two or more plane...

Male motion coordination in swarming Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The Anopheles gambiae species complex comprises the primary vectors of malaria in much of sub-Saharan Africa; most of the mating in these species occurs in swarms composed almost entirely of males. Intermittent, parallel flight patterns in such swarms have been observed, but a detailed description o...

Stress-tuned conductor-polymer composite for use in sensors

DOEpatents

Martin, James E; Read, Douglas H

2013-10-22

A method for making a composite polymeric material with electrical conductivity determined by stress-tuning of the conductor-polymer composite, and sensors made with the stress-tuned conductor-polymer composite made by this method. Stress tuning is achieved by mixing a miscible liquid into the polymer precursor solution or by absorbing into the precursor solution a soluble compound from vapor in contact with the polymer precursor solution. The conductor may or may not be ordered by application of a magnetic field. The composite is formed by polymerization with the stress-tuning agent in the polymer matrix. The stress-tuning agent is removed following polymerization to produce a conductor-polymer composite with a stress field that depends on the amount of stress-tuning agent employed.

Compact orthogonal NMR field sensor

DOEpatents

Gerald, II, Rex E.; Rathke, Jerome W [Homer Glen, IL

2009-02-03

A Compact Orthogonal Field Sensor for emitting two orthogonal electro-magnetic fields in a common space. More particularly, a replacement inductor for existing NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) sensors to allow for NMR imaging. The Compact Orthogonal Field Sensor has a conductive coil and a central conductor electrically connected in series. The central conductor is at least partially surrounded by the coil. The coil and central conductor are electrically or electro-magnetically connected to a device having a means for producing or inducing a current through the coil and central conductor. The Compact Orthogonal Field Sensor can be used in NMR imaging applications to determine the position and the associated NMR spectrum of a sample within the electro-magnetic field of the central conductor.

Professional Orchestral Conductors' Use of Selected Teaching Behaviors in Rehearsal

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whitaker, Jennifer A.

2017-01-01

This descriptive study examined professional conductors' use of rehearsal time in sequential pattern components, discussing task presentation targets, and using verbal imagery and modeling techniques. Commercially available videos of 15 professional conductors rehearsing prominent orchestras were scripted, coded, and timed for selected teaching…

30 CFR 75.601-3 - Short circuit protection; dual element fuses; current ratings; maximum values.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... devices shall not exceed the maximum values specified in this section: Conductor size (AWG or MGM) Single conductor cable Ampacity Max. fuse rating Two conductor cable Ampacity Max. fuse rating 14 15 15 12 20 20 10...

46 CFR 183.370 - General grounding requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... requirements. (a) A vessel's hull must not carry current as a conductor except for the following systems: (1... more, must have a grounding pole and a grounding conductor in the portable cord. (c) Each nonmetallic mast and top mast must have a lightning ground conductor. ...

46 CFR 183.370 - General grounding requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... requirements. (a) A vessel's hull must not carry current as a conductor except for the following systems: (1... more, must have a grounding pole and a grounding conductor in the portable cord. (c) Each nonmetallic mast and top mast must have a lightning ground conductor. ...

29 CFR 1910.304 - Wiring design and protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... grounding-type receptacles. (v) Receptacles connected to circuits having different voltages, frequencies, or... poles shall provide a horizontal climbing space not less than the following: (i) Power conductors below communication conductors—762 mm (30 in.); (ii) Power conductors alone or above communication conductors: (A) 300...

29 CFR 1910.304 - Wiring design and protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... grounding-type receptacles. (v) Receptacles connected to circuits having different voltages, frequencies, or... poles shall provide a horizontal climbing space not less than the following: (i) Power conductors below communication conductors—762 mm (30 in.); (ii) Power conductors alone or above communication conductors: (A) 300...

29 CFR 1910.304 - Wiring design and protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... grounding-type receptacles. (v) Receptacles connected to circuits having different voltages, frequencies, or... poles shall provide a horizontal climbing space not less than the following: (i) Power conductors below communication conductors—762 mm (30 in.); (ii) Power conductors alone or above communication conductors: (A) 300...

29 CFR 1910.304 - Wiring design and protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... grounding-type receptacles. (v) Receptacles connected to circuits having different voltages, frequencies, or... poles shall provide a horizontal climbing space not less than the following: (i) Power conductors below communication conductors—762 mm (30 in.); (ii) Power conductors alone or above communication conductors: (A) 300...

29 CFR 1910.304 - Wiring design and protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... grounding-type receptacles. (v) Receptacles connected to circuits having different voltages, frequencies, or... poles shall provide a horizontal climbing space not less than the following: (i) Power conductors below communication conductors—762 mm (30 in.); (ii) Power conductors alone or above communication conductors: (A) 300...

46 CFR 183.370 - General grounding requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... requirements. (a) A vessel's hull must not carry current as a conductor except for the following systems: (1... more, must have a grounding pole and a grounding conductor in the portable cord. (c) Each nonmetallic mast and top mast must have a lightning ground conductor. ...

High density associative memory

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moopenn, Alexander W. (Inventor); Thakoor, Anilkumar P. (Inventor); Daud, Taher (Inventor); Lambe, John J. (Inventor)

1989-01-01

A multi-layered, thin-film, digital memory having associative recall. There is a first memory matrix and a second memory matrix. Each memory matrix comprises, a first layer comprising a plurality of electrically separated row conductors; a second layer comprising a plurality of electrically separated column conductors intersecting but electrically separated from the row conductors; and, a plurality of resistance elements electrically connected between the row condutors and the column conductors at respective intersections of the row conductors and the column conductors, each resistance element comprising, in series, a first resistor of sufficiently high ohmage to conduct a sensible element current therethrough with virtually no heat-generating power consumption when a low voltage as employed in thin-film applications is applied thereacross and a second resistor of sufficiently high ohmage to conduct no sensible current therethrough when a low voltage as employed in thin-film applications is applied thereacross, the second resistor having the quality of breaking down to create a short therethrough upon the application of a breakdown level voltage across the first and second resistors.

Analysis of Lightning-induced Impulse Magnetic Fields in the Building with an Insulated Down Conductor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Du, Patrick Y.; Zhou, Qi-Bin

This paper presents an analysis of lightning-induced magnetic fields in a building. The building of concern is protected by the lightning protection system with an insulated down conductor. In this paper a system model for metallic structure of the building is constructed first using the circuit approach. The circuit model of the insulated down conductor is discussed extensively, and explicit expressions of the circuit parameters are presented. The system model was verified experimentally in the laboratory. The modeling approach is applied to analyze the impulse magnetic fields in a full-scale building during a direct lightning strike. It is found that the impulse magnetic field is significantly high near the down conductor. The field is attenuated if the down conductor is moved to a column in the building. The field can be reduced further if the down conductor is housed in an earthed metal pipe. Recommendations for protecting critical equipment against lightning-induced magnetic fields are also provided in the paper.

Free Molecular Heat Transfer Programs for Setup and Dynamic Updating the Conductors in Thermal Desktop

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Malroy, Eric T.

2007-01-01

The programs, arrays and logic structure were developed to enable the dynamic update of conductors in thermal desktop. The MatLab program FMHTPRE.m processes the Thermal Desktop conductors and sets up the arrays. The user needs to manually copy portions of the output to different input regions in Thermal Desktop. Also, Fortran subroutines are provided that perform the actual updates to the conductors. The subroutines are setup for helium gas, but the equations can be modified for other gases. The maximum number of free molecular conductors allowed is 10,000 for a given radiation task. Additional radiation tasks for FMHT can be generated to account for more conductors. Modifications to the Fortran subroutines may be warranted, when the mode of heat transfer is in the mixed or continuum mode. The FMHT Thermal Desktop model should be activated by using the "Case Set Manager" once the model is setup. Careful setup of the model is needed to avoid excessive solve times.

Magneto-chiral anisotropy of the free electron on a helix

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krstić, V.; Rikken, G. L. J. A.

2002-09-01

The free electron on a helix as a simple model of a molecular chiral conductor is considered. In the presence of a static magnetic field parallel to the helix axis, it is found that both ballistic and diffusive electrical transport along the helix show a conductivity that depends linearly on the current and the magnetic field and on the handedness of the helix. These results agree qualitatively with the recently experimentally observed electrical magneto-chiral anisotropy in carbon nanotubes [V. Krstić, S. Roth, M. Burghard, K. Kern, G.L.J.A. Rikken, Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Stuttgart, Germany; Grenoble High Magnetic Field Laboratory, MPI-CNRS, Grenoble, France; Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Pulsés, CNRS/INSA/UPS, UMS 5462, Toulouse, France].

Capacitance probe for fluid flow and volume measurements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Arndt, G. Dickey (Inventor); Nguyen, Thanh X. (Inventor); Carl, James R. (Inventor)

1995-01-01

Method and apparatus for making measurements on fluids are disclosed, including the use of a capacitive probe for measuring the flow volume of a material within a flow stream. The capacitance probe has at least two elongate electrodes and, in a specific embodiment of the invention, has three parallel elongate electrodes with the center electrode being an extension of the center conductor of a co-axial cable. A conductance probe is also provided to provide more accurate flow volume data in response to conductivity of the material within the flow stream. A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides for a gas flow stream through a microgravity environment that allows for monitoring a flow volume of a fluid sample, such as a urine sample, that is entrained within the gas flow stream.

Capacitance Probe for Fluid Flow and Volume Measurements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Arndt, G. Dickey (Inventor); Nguyen, Thanh X. (Inventor); Carl, James R. (Inventor)

1997-01-01

Method and apparatus for making measurements on fluids are disclosed, including the use of a capacitive probe for measuring the flow volume of a material within a flow stream. The capacitance probe has at least two elongate electrodes and, in a specific embodiment of the invention, has three parallel elongate electrodes with the center electrode being an extension of the center conductor of a co-axial cable. A conductance probe is also provided to provide more accurate flow volume data in response to conductivity of the material within the flow stream. A preferred embodiment of the present invention provides for a gas flow stream through a micro-gravity environment that allows for monitoring a flow volume of a fluid sample, such as a urine sample, that is entrained within the gas flow stream.

Charge dissipative dielectric for cryogenic devices

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cantor, Robin Harold (Inventor); Hall, John Addison (Inventor)

2007-01-01

A Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) is disclosed comprising a pair of resistively shunted Josephson junctions connected in parallel within a superconducting loop and biased by an external direct current (dc) source. The SQUID comprises a semiconductor substrate and at least one superconducting layer. The metal layer(s) are separated by or covered with a semiconductor material layer having the properties of a conductor at room temperature and the properties of an insulator at operating temperatures (generally less than 100 Kelvins). The properties of the semiconductor material layer greatly reduces the risk of electrostatic discharge that can damage the device during normal handling of the device at room temperature, while still providing the insulating properties desired to allow normal functioning of the device at its operating temperature. A method of manufacturing the SQUID device is also disclosed.

Development of an YBCO coil with SSTC conductors for high field application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shi, Y.; Liu, H. J.; Liu, F.; Tan, Y. F.; Jin, H.; Yu, M.; Lei, L.; Guo, L.; Hong, Z. Y.

2018-07-01

With the continuous reduction of the production costs and improvement of the transport performance, YBCO coated conductor is the most promising candidate for the high field magnet application due to its high irreversibility field and strong mechanical properties. Presently a stable production capacity of the YBCO conductors has been achieved by Shanghai Superconducting Technology Co., Ltd (SSTC) in China. Therefore, the demand in high field application with YBCO conductors is growing in China. This paper describes the design, fabrication and preliminary experiment of a solenoid coil with YBCO conductors supplied by SSTC to validate the possibility of high field application. Four same double pancakes were manufactured and assembled for the YBCO coil where the outer diameter and height was 54.3 and 48 mm respectively to match the dimensional limitation of the 14 T background magnets. The critical current (Ic) of YBCO conductors was obtained by measuring as a function of the applied field perpendicular to the YBCO conductor surface which provides the necessary input parameters for preliminary performance evaluation of the coil. Finally the preliminary test and discussion at 77 and 4.2 K were carried out. The consistency of four double pancakes Ic was achieved. The measured results indicate that the fabrication technology of HTS coil is reliable which gives the conference for the in-field test in high field application. This YBCO coil is the first demonstration of the SSTC YBCO coated conductors.

Gender recognition depends on type of movement and motor skill. Analyzing and perceiving biological motion in musical and nonmusical tasks.

PubMed

Wöllner, Clemens; Deconinck, Frederik J A

2013-05-01

Gender recognition in point-light displays was investigated with regard to body morphology cues and motion cues of human motion performed with different levels of technical skill. Gestures of male and female orchestral conductors were recorded with a motion capture system while they conducted excerpts from a Mendelssohn string symphony to musicians. Point-light displays of conductors were presented to observers under the following conditions: visual-only, auditory-only, audiovisual, and two non-conducting conditions (walking and static images). Observers distinguished between male and female conductors in gait and static images, but not in visual-only and auditory-only conducting conditions. Across all conductors, gender recognition for audiovisual stimuli was better than chance, yet significantly less reliable than for gait. Separate analyses for two groups of conductors indicated an expertise effect in that novice conductors' gender was perceived above chance level for visual-only and audiovisual conducting, while skilled conducting gestures of experts did not afford gender-specific cues. In these conditions, participants may have ignored the body morphology cues that led to correct judgments for static images. Results point to a response bias such that conductors were more often judged to be male. Thus judgment accuracy depended both on the conductors' level of expertise as well as on the observers' concepts, suggesting that perceivable differences between men and women may diminish for highly trained movements of experienced individuals. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

30 CFR 7.402 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... cable splice kit which becomes part of a splice. Conductor. A bare or insulated wire or combination of... assembly of one or more insulated conductors of electric current under a common or integral jacket. A cable may also contain one or more uninsulated conductors. Jacket. A nonmetallic abrasion-resistant outer...

30 CFR 7.402 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... cable splice kit which becomes part of a splice. Conductor. A bare or insulated wire or combination of... assembly of one or more insulated conductors of electric current under a common or integral jacket. A cable may also contain one or more uninsulated conductors. Jacket. A nonmetallic abrasion-resistant outer...

Cognitive and Collaborative Demands of Freight Conductor Activities: Results and Implications of a Cognitive Task Analysis.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-09-19

This paper reports the results of a cognitive task analysis (CTA) that examined the cognitive and collaborative demands placed on conductors and the knowledge and skills that experienced conductors have developed that enable them to operate safely an...

Cognitive and collaborative demands of freight conductor activities: results and implications of a cognitive task analysis

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-07-31

This report presents the results of a cognitive task analysis (CTA) that examined the cognitive and collaborative demands placed on conductors, as well as the knowledge and skills that experienced conductors have developed that enable them to operate...

30 CFR 57.12011 - High-potential electrical conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false High-potential electrical conductors. 57.12011 Section 57.12011 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND... Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12011 High-potential electrical conductors. High-potential electrical...

30 CFR 57.12011 - High-potential electrical conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false High-potential electrical conductors. 57.12011 Section 57.12011 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND... Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12011 High-potential electrical conductors. High-potential electrical...

30 CFR 57.12011 - High-potential electrical conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false High-potential electrical conductors. 57.12011 Section 57.12011 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND... Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12011 High-potential electrical conductors. High-potential electrical...

Parallel transmit excitation at 1.5 T based on the minimization of a driving function for device heating

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gudino, N., E-mail: natalia.gudino@nih.gov; Sonmez, M.; Nielles-Vallespin, S.

2015-01-15

Purpose: To provide a rapid method to reduce the radiofrequency (RF) E-field coupling and consequent heating in long conductors in an interventional MRI (iMRI) setup. Methods: A driving function for device heating (W) was defined as the integration of the E-field along the direction of the wire and calculated through a quasistatic approximation. Based on this function, the phases of four independently controlled transmit channels were dynamically changed in a 1.5 T MRI scanner. During the different excitation configurations, the RF induced heating in a nitinol wire immersed in a saline phantom was measured by fiber-optic temperature sensing. Additionally, amore » minimization of W as a function of phase and amplitude values of the different channels and constrained by the homogeneity of the RF excitation field (B{sub 1}) over a region of interest was proposed and its results tested on the benchtop. To analyze the validity of the proposed method, using a model of the array and phantom setup tested in the scanner, RF fields and SAR maps were calculated through finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. In addition to phantom experiments, RF induced heating of an active guidewire inserted in a swine was also evaluated. Results: In the phantom experiment, heating at the tip of the device was reduced by 92% when replacing the body coil by an optimized parallel transmit excitation with same nominal flip angle. In the benchtop, up to 90% heating reduction was measured when implementing the constrained minimization algorithm with the additional degree of freedom given by independent amplitude control. The computation of the optimum phase and amplitude values was executed in just 12 s using a standard CPU. The results of the FDTD simulations showed similar trend of the local SAR at the tip of the wire and measured temperature as well as to a quadratic function of W, confirming the validity of the quasistatic approach for the presented problem at 64 MHz. Imaging and heating reduction of the guidewire were successfully performed in vivo with the proposed hardware and phase control. Conclusions: Phantom and in vivo data demonstrated that additional degrees of freedom in a parallel transmission system can be used to control RF induced heating in long conductors. A novel constrained optimization approach to reduce device heating was also presented that can be run in just few seconds and therefore could be added to an iMRI protocol to improve RF safety.« less

Common Evolutionary Origin for the Rotor Domain of Rotary Atpases and Flagellar Protein Export Apparatus

PubMed Central

Kishikawa, Jun-ichi; Ibuki, Tatsuya; Nakamura, Shuichi; Nakanishi, Astuko; Minamino, Tohru; Miyata, Tomoko; Namba, Keiichi; Konno, Hiroki; Ueno, Hiroshi; Imada, Katsumi; Yokoyama, Ken

2013-01-01

The V1- and F1- rotary ATPases contain a rotor that rotates against a catalytic A3B3 or α3β3 stator. The rotor F1-γ or V1-DF is composed of both anti-parallel coiled coil and globular-loop parts. The bacterial flagellar type III export apparatus contains a V1/F1-like ATPase ring structure composed of FliI6 homo-hexamer and FliJ which adopts an anti-parallel coiled coil structure without the globular-loop part. Here we report that FliJ of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium shows a rotor like function in Thermus thermophilus A3B3 based on both biochemical and structural analysis. Single molecular analysis indicates that an anti-parallel coiled-coil structure protein (FliJ structure protein) functions as a rotor in A3B3. A rotary ATPase possessing an F1-γ-like protein generated by fusion of the D and F subunits of V1 rotates, suggesting F1-γ could be the result of a fusion of the genes encoding two separate rotor subunits. Together with sequence comparison among the globular part proteins, the data strongly suggest that the rotor domains of the rotary ATPases and the flagellar export apparatus share a common evolutionary origin. PMID:23724081

33 CFR 183.460 - Overcurrent protection: Special applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Requirements § 183.460 Overcurrent protection: Special applications. (a) Each ungrounded output conductor from... conductor is in the main power feed circuit from the battery to an engine cranking motor. The circuit breaker or fuse must be within 72 inches of the battery measured along the conductor, unless, for boats...

33 CFR 183.460 - Overcurrent protection: Special applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Requirements § 183.460 Overcurrent protection: Special applications. (a) Each ungrounded output conductor from... conductor is in the main power feed circuit from the battery to an engine cranking motor. The circuit breaker or fuse must be within 72 inches of the battery measured along the conductor, unless, for boats...

78 FR 37657 - Petition for a Waiver of Compliance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-21

... of Conductors, at two of its maintenance operations. BTNA's first operation serves the Southern... Docket Number FRA-2013-0014. The conductor certification regulations provide that every train or yard crew, as defined in 49 CFR 218.5, Definitions, are required to have a certified conductor as a member...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Peterson, Kenneth A.; Knudson, Richard T.; Smith, Frank R.

Generally annular full tape thickness conductors are formed in single or multiple tape layers, and then stacked to produce an annular solid conductive wall for enclosing an electromagnetic isolation cavity. The conductors may be formed using punch and fill operations, or by flowing conductor-containing material onto the tape edge surfaces that define the interior sidewalls of the cavity.

46 CFR 111.50-3 - Protection of conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Protection of conductors. 111.50-3 Section 111.50-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS... of overcurrent protection for conductors is to open the electric circuit if the current reaches a...

46 CFR 111.50-3 - Protection of conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Protection of conductors. 111.50-3 Section 111.50-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS... of overcurrent protection for conductors is to open the electric circuit if the current reaches a...

46 CFR 111.50-3 - Protection of conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Protection of conductors. 111.50-3 Section 111.50-3 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS... of overcurrent protection for conductors is to open the electric circuit if the current reaches a...

30 CFR 75.703-3 - Approved methods of grounding offtrack mobile, portable and stationary direct-current machines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... separate grounding conductor located within the trailing cable of mobile and portable equipment and... conductor located within the direct-current power cable feeding stationary equipment and connected between... ground conductor connected between stationary equipment and the direct-current grounding medium; or, (d...

30 CFR 75.703-3 - Approved methods of grounding offtrack mobile, portable and stationary direct-current machines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... separate grounding conductor located within the trailing cable of mobile and portable equipment and... conductor located within the direct-current power cable feeding stationary equipment and connected between... ground conductor connected between stationary equipment and the direct-current grounding medium; or, (d...

30 CFR 75.703-3 - Approved methods of grounding offtrack mobile, portable and stationary direct-current machines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... separate grounding conductor located within the trailing cable of mobile and portable equipment and... conductor located within the direct-current power cable feeding stationary equipment and connected between... ground conductor connected between stationary equipment and the direct-current grounding medium; or, (d...

30 CFR 75.703-3 - Approved methods of grounding offtrack mobile, portable and stationary direct-current machines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... separate grounding conductor located within the trailing cable of mobile and portable equipment and... conductor located within the direct-current power cable feeding stationary equipment and connected between... ground conductor connected between stationary equipment and the direct-current grounding medium; or, (d...

30 CFR 75.703-3 - Approved methods of grounding offtrack mobile, portable and stationary direct-current machines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... separate grounding conductor located within the trailing cable of mobile and portable equipment and... conductor located within the direct-current power cable feeding stationary equipment and connected between... ground conductor connected between stationary equipment and the direct-current grounding medium; or, (d...

Doped LZO buffer layers for laminated conductors

DOEpatents

Paranthaman, Mariappan Parans [Knoxville, TN; Schoop, Urs [Westborough, MA; Goyal, Amit [Knoxville, TN; Thieme, Cornelis Leo Hans [Westborough, MA; Verebelyi, Darren T [Oxford, MA; Rupich, Martin W [Framingham, MA

2010-03-23

A laminated conductor includes a metallic substrate having a surface, a biaxially textured buffer layer supported by the surface of the substrate, the biaxially textured buffer layer comprising LZO and a dopant for mitigating metal diffusion through the LZO, and a biaxially textured conductor layer supported by the biaxially textured buffer layer.

30 CFR 57.12069 - Lightning protection for telephone wires and ungrounded conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Lightning protection for telephone wires and... AND NONMETAL MINES Electricity Surface Only § 57.12069 Lightning protection for telephone wires and ungrounded conductors. Each ungrounded conductor or telephone wire that leads underground and is directly...

30 CFR 56.12069 - Lightning protection for telephone wires and ungrounded conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Lightning protection for telephone wires and... NONMETAL MINES Electricity § 56.12069 Lightning protection for telephone wires and ungrounded conductors. Each ungrounded power conductor or telephone wire that leads underground and is directly exposed to...

30 CFR 56.12069 - Lightning protection for telephone wires and ungrounded conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Lightning protection for telephone wires and... NONMETAL MINES Electricity § 56.12069 Lightning protection for telephone wires and ungrounded conductors. Each ungrounded power conductor or telephone wire that leads underground and is directly exposed to...

30 CFR 57.12069 - Lightning protection for telephone wires and ungrounded conductors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Lightning protection for telephone wires and... AND NONMETAL MINES Electricity Surface Only § 57.12069 Lightning protection for telephone wires and ungrounded conductors. Each ungrounded conductor or telephone wire that leads underground and is directly...

Ceramic to metal attachment system. [Ceramic electrode to metal conductor in MHD generator

DOEpatents

Marchant, D.D.

1983-06-10

A composition and method are described for attaching a ceramic electrode to a metal conductor. A layer of randomly interlocked metal fibers saturated with polyimide resin is sandwiched between the ceramic electrode and the metal conductor. The polyimide resin is then polymerized providing bonding.

Assessment of sodium conductor distribution cable

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

1979-06-01

The study assesses the barriers and incentives for using sodium conductor distribution cable. The assessment considers environmental, safety, energy conservation, electrical performance and economic factors. Along with all of these factors considered in the assessment, the sodium distribution cable system is compared to the present day alternative - an aluminum conductor system. (TFD)

The Principal as Orchestral Conductor.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Luce, David R.

1992-01-01

A new way of viewing the principal is to think of the principal as an orchestral conductor. Insights gained from this perspective may help in progressing toward more healthy and productive school organizations. Both the conductor and the principal are highly visible by virtue of their positions and function as intermediaries in their respective…