Canonical quantization of classical mechanics in curvilinear coordinates. Invariant quantization procedure

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Błaszak, Maciej, E-mail: blaszakm@amu.edu.pl; Domański, Ziemowit, E-mail: ziemowit@amu.edu.pl

In the paper is presented an invariant quantization procedure of classical mechanics on the phase space over flat configuration space. Then, the passage to an operator representation of quantum mechanics in a Hilbert space over configuration space is derived. An explicit form of position and momentum operators as well as their appropriate ordering in arbitrary curvilinear coordinates is demonstrated. Finally, the extension of presented formalism onto non-flat case and related ambiguities of the process of quantization are discussed. -- Highlights: •An invariant quantization procedure of classical mechanics on the phase space over flat configuration space is presented. •The passage tomore » an operator representation of quantum mechanics in a Hilbert space over configuration space is derived. •Explicit form of position and momentum operators and their appropriate ordering in curvilinear coordinates is shown. •The invariant form of Hamiltonian operators quadratic and cubic in momenta is derived. •The extension of presented formalism onto non-flat case and related ambiguities of the quantization process are discussed.« less

Design of double fuzzy clustering-driven context neural networks.

PubMed

Kim, Eun-Hu; Oh, Sung-Kwun; Pedrycz, Witold

2018-08-01

In this study, we introduce a novel category of double fuzzy clustering-driven context neural networks (DFCCNNs). The study is focused on the development of advanced design methodologies for redesigning the structure of conventional fuzzy clustering-based neural networks. The conventional fuzzy clustering-based neural networks typically focus on dividing the input space into several local spaces (implied by clusters). In contrast, the proposed DFCCNNs take into account two distinct local spaces called context and cluster spaces, respectively. Cluster space refers to the local space positioned in the input space whereas context space concerns a local space formed in the output space. Through partitioning the output space into several local spaces, each context space is used as the desired (target) local output to construct local models. To complete this, the proposed network includes a new context layer for reasoning about context space in the output space. In this sense, Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering is useful to form local spaces in both input and output spaces. The first one is used in order to form clusters and train weights positioned between the input and hidden layer, whereas the other one is applied to the output space to form context spaces. The key features of the proposed DFCCNNs can be enumerated as follows: (i) the parameters between the input layer and hidden layer are built through FCM clustering. The connections (weights) are specified as constant terms being in fact the centers of the clusters. The membership functions (represented through the partition matrix) produced by the FCM are used as activation functions located at the hidden layer of the "conventional" neural networks. (ii) Following the hidden layer, a context layer is formed to approximate the context space of the output variable and each node in context layer means individual local model. The outputs of the context layer are specified as a combination of both weights formed as linear function and the outputs of the hidden layer. The weights are updated using the least square estimation (LSE)-based method. (iii) At the output layer, the outputs of context layer are decoded to produce the corresponding numeric output. At this time, the weighted average is used and the weights are also adjusted with the use of the LSE scheme. From the viewpoint of performance improvement, the proposed design methodologies are discussed and experimented with the aid of benchmark machine learning datasets. Through the experiments, it is shown that the generalization abilities of the proposed DFCCNNs are better than those of the conventional FCNNs reported in the literature. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

14 CFR 234.5 - Form of reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

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14 CFR Appendix A to Part 415 - FAA/USSPACECOM Launch Notification Form

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2011-01-01

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HEATING ATTIC AIR USING SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY FOR SPACE HEATING AND DRYING APPLICATIONS

EPA Science Inventory

This unit is expected to replace the conventional forms of drying and will be able to supplement space heating. Replacement of these current forms of drying and space heating will result in the reduction of energy consumption from this sector which will also lead to cost savin...

Nightfall: Machine Autonomy in Air-to-Air Combat

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-01

without permission. If it is reproduced, the Air and Space Power Journal requests a courtesy line. Report Documentation Page Form ApprovedOMB No. 0704-0188...PAGE unclassified Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 May–June 2014 Air & Space Power Journal | 49 Byrnes Nightfall Feature...systems. May–June 2014 Air & Space Power Journal | 50 Byrnes Nightfall Feature FQ-X Design and Features The form of a machine like FQ-X, whose purpose is to

Space Station

NASA Image and Video Library

1991-01-01

In 1982, the Space Station Task Force was formed, signaling the initiation of the Space Station Freedom Program, and eventually resulting in the Marshall Space Flight Center's responsibilities for Space Station Work Package 1.

Evolution Of The Concept Of Dimension

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Journeau, Philippe F.

2007-04-01

Concepts of time elapsing `in' a space measuring the real emerge over the centuries. But Kant refutes absolute time and defines it, with space, as forms reacting to Newtonian mechanics. Einstein and Minkowski open a 20th century where time is a dimension, a substratum of reality `with' space rather than `in' it. Kaluza-Klein and String theories then develop a trend of additional spatial dimensions while de Broglie and Bohm open the possiblity that form, to begin with wave, be a reality together `with' a space-time particle. Other recent theories, such as spin networks, causal sets and twistor theory, even head to the idea of other "systems of dimensions." On the basis of such progresses and recent experiments the paper then considers a background independent fourfold time-form-action-space system of dimensions.

FormTracer. A mathematica tracing package using FORM

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cyrol, Anton K.; Mitter, Mario; Strodthoff, Nils

2017-10-01

We present FormTracer, a high-performance, general purpose, easy-to-use Mathematica tracing package which uses FORM. It supports arbitrary space and spinor dimensions as well as an arbitrary number of simple compact Lie groups. While keeping the usability of the Mathematica interface, it relies on the efficiency of FORM. An additional performance gain is achieved by a decomposition algorithm that avoids redundant traces in the product tensors spaces. FormTracer supports a wide range of syntaxes which endows it with a high flexibility. Mathematica notebooks that automatically install the package and guide the user through performing standard traces in space-time, spinor and gauge-group spaces are provided. Program Files doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/7rd29h4p3m.1 Licensing provisions: GPLv3 Programming language: Mathematica and FORM Nature of problem: Efficiently compute traces of large expressions Solution method: The expression to be traced is decomposed into its subspaces by a recursive Mathematica expansion algorithm. The result is subsequently translated to a FORM script that takes the traces. After FORM is executed, the final result is either imported into Mathematica or exported as optimized C/C++/Fortran code. Unusual features: The outstanding features of FormTracer are the simple interface, the capability to efficiently handle an arbitrary number of Lie groups in addition to Dirac and Lorentz tensors, and a customizable input-syntax.

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Making media work in space: an interdisciplinary perspective on media and communication requirements for current and future space communities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Babidge, S.; Cokley, J.; Gordon, F.; Louw, E.

2005-10-01

As humans expand into space communities will form. These have already begun to form in small ways, such as long-duration missions on the International Space Station and the space shuttle, and small-scale tourist excursions into space. Social, behavioural and communications data emerging from such existing communities in space suggest that the physically-bounded, work-oriented and traditionally male-dominated nature of these extremely remote groups present specific problems for the resident astronauts, groups of them viewed as ‘communities’, and their associated groups who remain on Earth, including mission controllers, management and astronauts’ families. Notionally feminine group attributes such as adaptive competence, social adaptation skills and social sensitivity will be crucial to the viability of space communities and in the absence of gender equity, ‘staying in touch’ by means of ‘news from home’ becomes more important than ever. A template of news and media forms and technologies is suggested to service those needs and enhance the social viability of future terraforming activities.

Establishing conversation spaces in hastily formed networks: the worst fire in modern Swedish history.

PubMed

Lundberg, Jonas; Törnqvist, Eva K; Nadjm-Tehrani, Simin

2014-10-01

In presenting examples from the most extensive and demanding fire in modern Swedish history, this paper describes challenges facing hastily formed networks in exceptional situations. Two concepts that have been used in the analysis of the socio-technical systems that make up a response are conversation space and sensemaking. This paper argues that a framework designed to promote understanding of the sensemaking process must take into consideration the time and the location at which an individual is engaged in an event. In hastily formed networks, location is partly mediated through physical systems that form conversation spaces of players and their interaction practices. This paper identifies and discusses four challenges to the formation of shared conversation spaces. It is based on the case study of the 2006 Bodträskfors forest fire in Sweden and draws on the experiences of organised volunteers and firefighters who participated in a hastily formed network created to combat the fire. © 2014 The Author(s). Disasters © Overseas Development Institute, 2014.

Perceptual geometry of space and form: visual perception of natural scenes and their virtual representation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Assadi, Amir H.

2001-11-01

Perceptual geometry is an emerging field of interdisciplinary research whose objectives focus on study of geometry from the perspective of visual perception, and in turn, apply such geometric findings to the ecological study of vision. Perceptual geometry attempts to answer fundamental questions in perception of form and representation of space through synthesis of cognitive and biological theories of visual perception with geometric theories of the physical world. Perception of form and space are among fundamental problems in vision science. In recent cognitive and computational models of human perception, natural scenes are used systematically as preferred visual stimuli. Among key problems in perception of form and space, we have examined perception of geometry of natural surfaces and curves, e.g. as in the observer's environment. Besides a systematic mathematical foundation for a remarkably general framework, the advantages of the Gestalt theory of natural surfaces include a concrete computational approach to simulate or recreate images whose geometric invariants and quantities might be perceived and estimated by an observer. The latter is at the very foundation of understanding the nature of perception of space and form, and the (computer graphics) problem of rendering scenes to visually invoke virtual presence.

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2012-10-31

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Results of studies on long-term exposition of dormant forms of various organisms in outer space environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Novikova, Nataliya; Gusev, Oleg; Sugimoto, Manabu; Deshevaya, Elena; Levinskikh, Margarita; Sychev, Vladimir; Okuda, Takashi; Orlov, Oleg; Alekseev, Victor; Poddubko, Svetlana; Polikarpov, Nikolay

The planetary quarantine is one of the key problems of deep space exploration. Risks of the possible transfer of biological objects across interplanetary space should be necessarily assessed during space exploration. The risks associated with a possible transfer of biological objects and primarily microorganisms in interplanetary space is a priority for space studies We can assume, that on the exterior side of both unmanned and manned space stations there can be millions of microbial cells, many of which are in spore forms, the stability of which towards the unfavorable factors is extremely high. However, direct evidence to support this assumption, obtained only in recent years. “Biorisk” is an apparatus designed for conduction of space experiments focused on long-term exposition of latent stages of different forms of organism on the outer side of Russian Segment of International Space Station was developed and used in SSC RF - Institute for Biomedical Problems RAS. The purpose of this experiment is to determine the principle capability of preservation of life capacity in test-cultures of microorganisms during long-term exposure (comparable with the term of interplanetary flight) in space. The first experiment was performed using spores of bacteria (Bacillus) and fungi (Penicillium, Aspergillus and Cladosporium) housed in 3 boxes that were exposed to outer space for 7, 12 or 18 months. It was for the first time demonstrated that bacterial and fungal spores could survive an exposure to outer space during the time period comparable with the duration of a return mission to Mars. Moreover, the microbial strains proved viable and highly active. The second experiment was expanded by flying, in addition to the above spores, dormant forms of higher plants, insects, lower crustaceans and vertebrates. The 31-month experiment showed that, in spite of harsher than in the first study temperatures, some specimens remained viable and capable of further multiplication. In summary, our experiments provided evidence that not only bacterial and fungal spores but also dormant forms of organisms that reached higher levels of evolutionary development had the capability to survive a long-term exposure to outer space. This observation suggests that they can be transferred on outer walls of space platforms during interplanetary missions. Our findings are of scientific interest as well as of importance for the development of planetary quarantine concepts related to future space flight.

Structure theorems for game trees

PubMed Central

Govindan, Srihari; Wilson, Robert

2002-01-01

Kohlberg and Mertens [Kohlberg, E. & Mertens, J. (1986) Econometrica 54, 1003–1039] proved that the graph of the Nash equilibrium correspondence is homeomorphic to its domain when the domain is the space of payoffs in normal-form games. A counterexample disproves the analog for the equilibrium outcome correspondence over the space of payoffs in extensive-form games, but we prove an analog when the space of behavior strategies is perturbed so that every path in the game tree has nonzero probability. Without such perturbations, the graph is the closure of the union of a finite collection of its subsets, each diffeomorphic to a corresponding path-connected open subset of the space of payoffs. As an application, we construct an algorithm for computing equilibria of an extensive-form game with a perturbed strategy space, and thus approximate equilibria of the unperturbed game. PMID:12060702

Structure theorems for game trees.

PubMed

Govindan, Srihari; Wilson, Robert

2002-06-25

Kohlberg and Mertens [Kohlberg, E. & Mertens, J. (1986) Econometrica 54, 1003-1039] proved that the graph of the Nash equilibrium correspondence is homeomorphic to its domain when the domain is the space of payoffs in normal-form games. A counterexample disproves the analog for the equilibrium outcome correspondence over the space of payoffs in extensive-form games, but we prove an analog when the space of behavior strategies is perturbed so that every path in the game tree has nonzero probability. Without such perturbations, the graph is the closure of the union of a finite collection of its subsets, each diffeomorphic to a corresponding path-connected open subset of the space of payoffs. As an application, we construct an algorithm for computing equilibria of an extensive-form game with a perturbed strategy space, and thus approximate equilibria of the unperturbed game.

The processing of materials in outer space

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gelles, S. H.; Colling, E. W.

1977-01-01

Zero-gravity environment may lead to fabrication of new and improved materials. According to comprehensive study of application of this promising technology to superconducting and electrical contact materials, outer space processing could improve microstructure and homogeneity of many single and multicomponent systems formed from solidification of fluid phases. New structures that are impossible to form terrestrially may also be accessible in space environment.

Subarachnoid, subdural and interdural spaces at the clival region: an anatomical study.

PubMed

Ayberk, Giyas; Ozveren, Mehmet Faik; Aslan, Sevil; Yaman, Mesut Emre; Yaman, Onur; Kayaci, Selim; Tekdemir, Ibrahim

2011-01-01

We aimed to show the significance of the anterior pontine membrane as a determining structure between the subdural and subarachnoid space in the clival region. Five adult cadaver heads and five cerebral hemispheres were used. The skull vault and hemipheres were removed by sectioning through the pontomesencephalic junction. Five other heads hemispheres were removed but the arachnoid membrane was protected and the cerebral side of the clival dura mater was dissected. In another specimen, the dural porus of the abducens nerve was sectioned for histological evaluation. Three cases of hematoma at the clivus were presented to support our findings. The anterior pontine membrane is the arachnoid membrane forming the anterior wall of the prepontine cistern with its lateral extension at the skull base. This membrane forms the subdural and subarachnoid spaces by forming a barrier between the clival dura mater and neurovascular structures of the brainstem. There were rigid fibrous trabeculations between both cerebral and periosteal dural layers forming the basilar plexus as the interdural space in the clivus. The anterior pontine membrane separates the subdural and subarachnoid spaces at the clival region. The hematomas of the clival region require to be evaluated with consideration given to the existance of the subdural space.

Cavitation of intercellular spaces is critical to establishment of hydraulic properties of compression wood of Chamaecyparis obtusa seedlings

PubMed Central

Nakaba, Satoshi; Hirai, Asami; Kudo, Kayo; Yamagishi, Yusuke; Yamane, Kenichi; Kuroda, Katsushi; Nugroho, Widyanto Dwi; Kitin, Peter; Funada, Ryo

2016-01-01

Background and Aims When the orientation of the stems of conifers departs from the vertical as a result of environmental influences, conifers form compression wood that results in restoration of verticality. It is well known that intercellular spaces are formed between tracheids in compression wood, but the function of these spaces remains to be clarified. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of these spaces in artificially induced compression wood in Chamaecyparis obtusa seedlings. Methods We monitored the presence or absence of liquid in the intercellular spaces of differentiating xylem by cryo-scanning electron microscopy. In addition, we analysed the relationship between intercellular spaces and the hydraulic properties of the compression wood. Key Results Initially, we detected small intercellular spaces with liquid in regions in which the profiles of tracheids were not rounded in transverse surfaces, indicating that the intercellular spaces had originally contained no gases. In the regions where tracheids had formed secondary walls, we found that some intercellular spaces had lost their liquid. Cavitation of intercellular spaces would affect hydraulic conductivity as a consequence of the induction of cavitation in neighbouring tracheids. Conclusions Our observations suggest that cavitation of intercellular spaces is the critical event that affects not only the functions of intercellular spaces but also the hydraulic properties of compression wood. PMID:26818592

The Space Infrared Interferometric Telescope (SPIRIT): The Mission Design Solution Space and the Art of the Possible

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Leisawitz, David; Hyde, T. Tupper; Rinehart, Stephen A.; Weiss, Michael

2008-01-01

Although the Space Infrared Interferometric Telescope (SPIRIT) was studied as a candidate NASA Origins Probe mission, the real world presents a broader set of options, pressures, and constraints. Fundamentally, SPIRIT is a far-IR observatory for high-resolution imaging and spectroscopy designed to address a variety of compelling scientific questions. How do planetary systems form from protostellar disks, dousing some planets in water while leaving others dry? Where do planets form, and why are some ice giants while others are rocky? How did high-redshift galaxies form and merge to form the present-day population of galaxies? This paper takes a pragmatic look at the mission design solution space for SPIRIT, presents Probe-class and facility-class mission scenarios, and describes optional design changes. The costs and benefits of various mission design alternatives are roughly evaluated, giving a basis for further study and to serve as guidance to policy makers.

Concentric tube support assembly

DOEpatents

Rubio, Mark F.; Glessner, John C.

2012-09-04

An assembly (45) includes a plurality of separate pie-shaped segments (72) forming a disk (70) around a central region (48) for retaining a plurality of tubes (46) in a concentrically spaced apart configuration. Each segment includes a support member (94) radially extending along an upstream face (96) of the segment and a plurality of annularly curved support arms (98) transversely attached to the support member and radially spaced apart from one another away from the central region for receiving respective upstream end portions of the tubes in arc-shaped spaces (100) between the arms. Each segment also includes a radial passageway (102) formed in the support member for receiving a fluid segment portion (106) and a plurality of annular passageways (104) formed in the support arms for receiving respective arm portions (108) of the fluid segment portion from the radial passageway and for conducting the respective arm portions into corresponding annular spaces (47) formed between the tubes retained by the disk.

Scattering forms and the positive geometry of kinematics, color and the worldsheet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arkani-Hamed, Nima; Bai, Yuntao; He, Song; Yan, Gongwang

2018-05-01

The search for a theory of the S-Matrix over the past five decades has revealed surprising geometric structures underlying scattering amplitudes ranging from the string worldsheet to the amplituhedron, but these are all geometries in auxiliary spaces as opposed to the kinematical space where amplitudes actually live. Motivated by recent advances providing a reformulation of the amplituhedron and planar N = 4 SYM amplitudes directly in kinematic space, we propose a novel geometric understanding of amplitudes in more general theories. The key idea is to think of amplitudes not as functions, but rather as differential forms on kinematic space. We explore the resulting picture for a wide range of massless theories in general spacetime dimensions. For the bi-adjoint ϕ 3 scalar theory, we establish a direct connection between its "scattering form" and a classic polytope — the associahedron — known to mathematicians since the 1960's. We find an associahedron living naturally in kinematic space, and the tree level amplitude is simply the "canonical form" associated with this "positive geometry". Fundamental physical properties such as locality and unitarity, as well as novel "soft" limits, are fully determined by the combinatorial geometry of this polytope. Furthermore, the moduli space for the open string worldsheet has also long been recognized as an associahedron. We show that the scattering equations act as a diffeomorphism between the interior of this old "worldsheet associahedron" and the new "kinematic associahedron", providing a geometric interpretation and simple conceptual derivation of the bi-adjoint CHY formula. We also find "scattering forms" on kinematic space for Yang-Mills theory and the Non-linear Sigma Model, which are dual to the fully color-dressed amplitudes despite having no explicit color factors. This is possible due to a remarkable fact—"Color is Kinematics"— whereby kinematic wedge products in the scattering forms satisfy the same Jacobi relations as color factors. Finally, all our scattering forms are well-defined on the projectivized kinematic space, a property which can be seen to provide a geometric origin for color-kinematics duality.

Black Holes Make Stars, which explains the Mystery of the Newly Discovered Phoenix Galaxy (while Dark Matter is described in the explanation)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cimorelli, Salvatore A.; Samuels, Chares

2013-07-01

A prevailing theory is stars change their energy field and are reduced to Black Holes (BH). Consider there are as many types of BH as there are of stars, and a greatly expanded modified Black Hole (from the original 'Big Bang'), can become a Star. We theorize that something is not made of nothing; and the universe was created by a massive Black Hole in c-1 space, which had enough mass to produce what is contained in our universe, today. We categorized BH, by their mass. Our concept could explain 'the Mystery of the Newly Discovered 'PHOENIX GALAXY' and presents a new theory of what forms of dark matter could exist. We define and categorize BH and the space they inhabit. These are linked to the formation of galaxies, stars, planets and planetary processes. Space itself is categorized as to its purpose and properties as it relates to the various categories of BH and processes ongoing within their space(s). We propose a category-1 (c-1) BH formed the universe, by generating billions of catagory-2 (c-2) BH in c-2 space inside the universe, 10% of which formed galaxies and 90% remain as dark matter in the form of c-2 and c-3 BH which are still evolving. C-2 BH can burst and form a galaxy, containing c-3 space, filled with c-3 and c-4 BH. C-3 BH are significantly more modified and expanded than c-2 BH and are formed from burst c-2 BH on their own or by colliding with another c-2 BH and bursting to form gas and dust clouds inside the galaxy, peppered with c-3 and c-4 BH which eventually are seen as new stars forming in the dust clouds (described later). We envision three mechanisms (a,b,&c) for stellar origin, formation and evolution . The first type "a" is well known (accepted); whereas, the other two "b&c" are new and will be presented. This explains how some super-cluster complexes can occur in 13.4 billion years rather than over 40 billion years.

Microgravity

NASA Image and Video Library

1995-10-25

The Isothermal Dendritic Growth Experiment (IDGE), flown on three Space Shuttle missions, is yielding new insights into virtually all industrially relevant metal and alloy forming operations. IDGE used transparent organic liquids that form dendrites (treelike structures) similar to the crystals that form inside metal alloys. Comparing Earth-based and space-based dentrite growth velocity, tip size and shape provid a better understanding of the fundamentals of dentritic growth, including gravity's effects. These shadowgraphic images show succinonitrile (SCN) dentrites growing in a melt (liquid). The space-grown crystals also have cleaner, better defined sidebranches. IDGE was developed by Rensselaer Polytechnic Institude (RPI) and NASA/ Glenn Research Center(GRC). Advanced follow-on experiments are being developed for flight on the International Space Station. Photo gredit: NASA/Glenn Research Center

Multivariable Hermite polynomials and phase-space dynamics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dattoli, G.; Torre, Amalia; Lorenzutta, S.; Maino, G.; Chiccoli, C.

1994-01-01

The phase-space approach to classical and quantum systems demands for advanced analytical tools. Such an approach characterizes the evolution of a physical system through a set of variables, reducing to the canonically conjugate variables in the classical limit. It often happens that phase-space distributions can be written in terms of quadratic forms involving the above quoted variables. A significant analytical tool to treat these problems may come from the generalized many-variables Hermite polynomials, defined on quadratic forms in R(exp n). They form an orthonormal system in many dimensions and seem the natural tool to treat the harmonic oscillator dynamics in phase-space. In this contribution we discuss the properties of these polynomials and present some applications to physical problems.

Navigating Mythic Space in the Digital Age

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Foley, Drew Thomas

2012-01-01

In prior ages, alternate worlds are associated with symbolic expressions of storied space, here termed "mythic space." The digital age brings new forms of virtual space that are co-existent with physical space. These virtual spaces may be understood as a contemporary representation of mythic space. This dissertation explores the paths by…

Alpha-canonical form representation of the open loop dynamics of the Space Shuttle main engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Duyar, Almet; Eldem, Vasfi; Merrill, Walter C.; Guo, Ten-Huei

1991-01-01

A parameter and structure estimation technique for multivariable systems is used to obtain a state space representation of open loop dynamics of the space shuttle main engine in alpha-canonical form. The parameterization being used is both minimal and unique. The simplified linear model may be used for fault detection studies and control system design and development.

Noise and Dynamical Pattern Selection in Solidification

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kurtze, Douglas A.

1997-01-01

The overall goal of this project was to understand in more detail how a pattern-forming system can adjust its spacing. "Pattern-forming systems," in this context, are nonequilibrium contina whose state is determined by experimentally adjustable control parameter. Below some critical value of the control system then has available to it a range of linearly stable, spatially periodic steady states, each characterized by a spacing which can lie anywhere within some band of values. These systems like directional solidification, where the solidification front is planar when the ratio of growth velocity to thermal gradient is below its critical value, but takes on a cellular shape above critical. They also include systems without interfaces, such as Benard convection, where it is the fluid velocity field which changes from zero to something spatially periodic as the control parameter is increased through its critical value. The basic question to be addressed was that of how the system chooses one of its myriad possible spacings when the control parameter is above critical, and in particular the role of noise in the selection process. Previous work on explosive crystallization had suggested that one spacing in the range should be preferred, in the sense that weak noise should eventually drive the system to that spacing. That work had also suggested a heuristic argument for identifying the preferred spacing. The project had three main objectives: to understand in more detail how a pattern-forming system can adjust its spacing; to investigate how noise drives a system to its preferred spacing; and to extend the heuristic argument for a preferred spacing in explosive crystallization to other pattern-forming systems.

Development studies of Aurelia (jellyfish) ephyrae which developed during the SLS-1 mission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Spangenberg, D. B.; Jernigan, T.; Mccombs, R.; Lowe, B. T.; Sampson, M.; Slusser, J.

1994-01-01

Aurelia polyps (scyphistomae) and ephyrae were exposed to microgravity for nine days aboard the space shuttle during the SLS-1 mission. During strobilation, polyps segment transversely and each segment develops into an ephyra. Polyps were induced to strobilate at 28 C, using iodine or thyroxine, at L(Launch)-48h, L-24h, and L+8h. Ephyrae developed in the groups tested in space and on Earth. The number of ephyrae formed per polyp was slightly higher in the L+8h groups as compared with those induced at L-24h and L-48h. On Earth, iodine is used by jellyfish to synthesize jellyfish-thyroxine (Jf T(sub 4)), needed for ephyra production. Since iodine-treated polyps strobilated and formed ephyrae in space, it appears that jellyfish can synthesize Jf-T(sub 4) in space. Indeed, two groups of polyps not given inducer formed ephryae in space, presumably due to enhanced Jf-T(sub 4) synthesis, utilization or accumulation. Some ephyrae that formed in space were also fixed in space on Mission Day (MD) 8; others were fixed post-flight. Examination of living ephyrae with the light microscope and fixed ones with the Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopes revealed that those which developed in space were morphologically very similar to those which developed on Earth. Quantitation of arm numbers determined that there were no significant differences between space and Earth-developed ephyrae. Pulsing abnormalities, however, were found in greater number (18.3%) in space-developed ephyrae than in Earth-developed controls (2.9%). These abnormalities suggest abnormal development of the graviceptors, the neuromuscular system, or a defect in the integration between these systems in apparently microgravity-sensitive animals.

Spaces of differential forms and maps with controlled distortion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vodop'yanov, Sergei K.

2010-09-01

We study necessary and sufficient conditions for an approximately differentiable map f\\colon M\\to M' between Riemannian manifolds to induce a bounded transfer operator of differential forms with respect to the norms of Lebesgue spaces. As a corollary, we see that every homeomorphism f\\colon M\\to M' of class \\operatorname{ACL}(M) whose transfer operator of differential forms with norm in L_p is an isomorphism must necessarily be either quasi-conformal or quasi-isometric. We give some applications of our results to the study of the functoriality of cohomology in Lebesgue spaces.

Some Remarks on Space-Time Decompositions, and Degenerate Metrics, in General Relativity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bengtsson, Ingemar

Space-time decomposition of the Hilbert-Palatini action, written in a form which admits degenerate metrics, is considered. Simple numerology shows why D = 3 and 4 are singled out as admitting a simple phase space. The canonical structure of the degenerate sector turns out to be awkward. However, the real degenerate metrics obtained as solutions are the same as those that occur in Ashtekar's formulation of complex general relativity. An exact solution of Ashtekar's equations, with degenerate metric, shows that the manifestly four-dimensional form of the action, and its 3 + 1 form, are not quite equivalent.

Article and method of forming an article

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lacy, Benjamin Paul; Kottilingam, Srikanth Chandrudu; Dutta, Sandip

Provided are an article and a method of forming an article. The method includes providing a metallic powder, heating the metallic powder to a temperature sufficient to joint at least a portion of the metallic powder to form an initial layer, sequentially forming additional layers in a build direction by providing a distributed layer of the metallic powder over the initial layer and heating the distributed layer of the metallic powder, repeating the steps of sequentially forming the additional layers in the build direction to form a portion of the article having a hollow space formed in the build direction,more » and forming an overhang feature extending into the hollow space. The article includes an article formed by the method described herein.« less

Commercialization in NASA Space Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gilbert, Charlene E.

1998-01-01

Various issues associated with commercialization in NASA space operations are presented in viewgraph form. Specific topics include: 1) NASA's financial outlook; 2) Space operations; 3) Space operations technology; and 4) Strategies associated with these operations.

Space Station

NASA Image and Video Library

1972-01-01

This is an artist's concept of a modular space station. In 1970 the Marshall Space Flight Center arnounced the completion of a study concerning a modular space station that could be launched by the planned-for reusable Space Shuttle. The study envisioned a space station composed of cylindrical sections 14 feet in diameter and of varying lengths joined to form any one of a number of possible shapes. The sections were restricted to 14 feet in diameter and 58 feet in length to be consistent with a shuttle cargo bay size of 15 by 60 feet. Center officials said that the first elements of the space station could be in orbit by about 1978 and could be manned by three or six men. This would be an interim space station with sections that could be added later to form a full 12-man station by the early 1980s.

Cavitation of intercellular spaces is critical to establishment of hydraulic properties of compression wood of Chamaecyparis obtusa seedlings.

PubMed

Nakaba, Satoshi; Hirai, Asami; Kudo, Kayo; Yamagishi, Yusuke; Yamane, Kenichi; Kuroda, Katsushi; Nugroho, Widyanto Dwi; Kitin, Peter; Funada, Ryo

2016-03-01

When the orientation of the stems of conifers departs from the vertical as a result of environmental influences, conifers form compression wood that results in restoration of verticality. It is well known that intercellular spaces are formed between tracheids in compression wood, but the function of these spaces remains to be clarified. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of these spaces in artificially induced compression wood in Chamaecyparis obtusa seedlings. We monitored the presence or absence of liquid in the intercellular spaces of differentiating xylem by cryo-scanning electron microscopy. In addition, we analysed the relationship between intercellular spaces and the hydraulic properties of the compression wood. Initially, we detected small intercellular spaces with liquid in regions in which the profiles of tracheids were not rounded in transverse surfaces, indicating that the intercellular spaces had originally contained no gases. In the regions where tracheids had formed secondary walls, we found that some intercellular spaces had lost their liquid. Cavitation of intercellular spaces would affect hydraulic conductivity as a consequence of the induction of cavitation in neighbouring tracheids. Our observations suggest that cavitation of intercellular spaces is the critical event that affects not only the functions of intercellular spaces but also the hydraulic properties of compression wood. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

OAST Space Theme Workshop. Volume 3: Working group summary. 6: Power (P-2). A. Statement. B. Technology needs (form 1). C. Priority assessment (form 2)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1976-01-01

Power requirements for the multipurpose space power platform, for space industrialization, SETI, the solar system exploration facility, and for global services are assessed for various launch dates. Priorities and initiatives for the development of elements of space power systems are described for systems using light power input (solar energy source) or thermal power input, (solar, chemical, nuclear, radioisotopes, reactors). Systems for power conversion, power processing, distribution and control are likewise examined.

Movement and Maneuver in Deep Space: A Framework to Leverage Advanced Propulsion

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-04-01

array of benefits for the current National Security Enterprise, and for this reason alone demands attention in the form of disciplined investment...discusses a theoretical organization formed and chartered to develop, test, and acquire deep space propulsion technology and includes what the...different forms , particularly via multi-mode propulsion where both chemical thrusters and electric propulsion devices operate on a common

The impact of space travel on dosage form design and use.

PubMed

Aronsohn, A; Brazeau, G; Hughes, J

1999-07-01

The author speculates on potential factors that may influence the utilization of dosage forms in space. A key assumption is that most of the arguments will be based on current understanding of how dosage forms work on earth. Factors discussed include dosage form stability; and administration of drugs, particularly inhalation and aerosols. A sample experiment used a tissue culture model of drug transfer for passively absorbed drugs to address how alterations in hydrostatic pressure would change paracellular transport.

Transportation and platforms perspective

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bennett, Gary L.

1992-01-01

The topics covered are presented in viewgraph form and include the following: Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology; space research and technology (R&T); space R&T mission statement; Space R&T program development; R&T strategy; Office of Space Science and Applications (OSSA) technology needs; transportation technology; and space platforms technology.

Comparison of Magnetorheological Fluids on Earth and in Space

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

These are video microscope images of magnetorheological (MR) fluids, illuminated with a green light. Those on Earth, left, show the MR fluid forming columns or spikes structures. On the right, the fluids in microgravity aboard the International Space Station (ISS), formed broader columns.

14 CFR 125.403 - Flight release form.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Flight release form. 125.403 Section 125.403 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED... release must contain, or have attached to it, weather reports, available weather forecasts, or a...

14 CFR 125.403 - Flight release form.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Flight release form. 125.403 Section 125.403 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED... release must contain, or have attached to it, weather reports, available weather forecasts, or a...

A canonical state-space representation for SISO systems using multipoint Jordan CFE. [Continued-Fraction Expansion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hwang, Chyi; Guo, Tong-Yi; Shieh, Leang-San

1991-01-01

A canonical state-space realization based on the multipoint Jordan continued-fraction expansion (CFE) is presented for single-input-single-output (SISO) systems. The similarity transformation matrix which relates the new canonical form to the phase-variable canonical form is also derived. The presented canonical state-space representation is particularly attractive for the application of SISO system theory in which a reduced-dimensional time-domain model is necessary.

Removal of cellular debris formed in the Disse space in patients with cholestasis.

PubMed

Dubuisson, L; Bioulac-Sage, P; Boussarie, L; Quinton, A; Saric, J; de Mascarel, A; Balabaud, C

1987-01-01

Using electron microscopy, we investigated how cellular debris, formed in the Disse space during cholestasis, was cleared. Ten patients with cholestasis of varied origin and severity were studied and compared with 10 controls without liver disease. In cholestatic patients, sinusoidal cells contained variable amounts of amylase PAS-positive material. In clean perfusion-fixed sinusoids the endothelial cells often appeared swollen and active, with few fenestrations. Hepatocyte blebs and cellular debris were sometimes seen in the Disse space. Two mechanisms were apparently involved in the clearing process: phagocytosis by macrophages either infiltrated into the Disse space, or forming the barrier; and the passage of debris from the Disse space into the sinusoidal lumen through the endothelial wall. Debris was either forced through enlarged pores or through the wall, with a progressive invagination followed by an outpouching in the lumen. The force, possibly provided by endothelial massage, may not be sufficient to push out cellular debris from the Disse space; morphological data seemed to indicate that endothelial damage may be a necessary factor. Debris present in the lumen was phagocytized by numerous active macrophages. Cellular debris was not observed in the Disse space of control patients.

Space Shuttle Projects Overview to Columbia Air Forces War College

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Singer, Jody; McCool, Alex (Technical Monitor)

2000-01-01

This paper presents, in viewgraph form, a general overview of space shuttle projects. Some of the topics include: 1) Space Shuttle Projects; 2) Marshall Space Flight Center Space Shuttle Projects Office; 3) Space Shuttle Propulsion systems; 4) Space Shuttle Program Major Sites; 5) NASA Office of Space flight (OSF) Center Roles in Space Shuttle Program; 6) Space Shuttle Hardware Flow; and 7) Shuttle Flights To Date.

14 CFR Appendix C to Part 330 - Forms for Air Taxi Operators

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Forms for Air Taxi Operators C Appendix C to Part 330 Aeronautics and Space OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (AVIATION... Part 330—Forms for Air Taxi Operators ER20AU02.009 ER20AU02.010 ER20AU02.011 ER20AU02.012 ER20AU02.013...

Dynamic analysis of suspension cable based on vector form intrinsic finite element method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qin, Jian; Qiao, Liang; Wan, Jiancheng; Jiang, Ming; Xia, Yongjun

2017-10-01

A vector finite element method is presented for the dynamic analysis of cable structures based on the vector form intrinsic finite element (VFIFE) and mechanical properties of suspension cable. Firstly, the suspension cable is discretized into different elements by space points, the mass and external forces of suspension cable are transformed into space points. The structural form of cable is described by the space points at different time. The equations of motion for the space points are established according to the Newton’s second law. Then, the element internal forces between the space points are derived from the flexible truss structure. Finally, the motion equations of space points are solved by the central difference method with reasonable time integration step. The tangential tension of the bearing rope in a test ropeway with the moving concentrated loads is calculated and compared with the experimental data. The results show that the tangential tension of suspension cable with moving loads is consistent with the experimental data. This method has high calculated precision and meets the requirements of engineering application.

Expression, purification and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of the transcriptional factor PyrR from Bacillus halodurans

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Arreola, Rodrigo; Vega-Miranda, Anita; Gómez-Puyou, Armando

The gene-regulation factor PyrR from B. halodurans has been crystallized in two crystal forms. Preliminary crystallographic analysis showed that the protein forms tetramers in both space groups. The PyrR transcriptional regulator is widely distributed in bacteria. This RNA-binding protein is involved in the control of genes involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis, in which uridyl and guanyl nucleotides function as effectors. Here, the crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of two crystal forms of Bacillus halodurans PyrR are reported. One of the forms belongs to the monoclinic space group P2{sub 1} with unit-cell parameters a = 59.7, b = 87.4, c =more » 72.1 Å, β = 104.4°, while the other form belongs to the orthorhombic space group P22{sub 1}2{sub 1} with unit-cell parameters a = 72.7, b = 95.9, c = 177.1 Å. Preliminary X-ray diffraction data analysis and molecular-replacement solution revealed the presence of four and six monomers per asymmetric unit; a crystallographic tetramer is formed in both forms.« less

NASA STI Database, Aerospace Database and ARIN coverage of 'space law'

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Buchan, Ronald L.

1992-01-01

The space-law coverage provided by the NASA STI Database, the Aerospace Database, and ARIN is briefly described. Particular attention is given to the space law content of the two Databases and of ARIN, the NASA Thesauras space law terminology, space law publication forms, and the availability of the space law literature.

Microgravity

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-02-27

NASA research Dr. Donald Frazier uses a blue laser shining through a quartz window into a special mix of chemicals to generate a polymer film on the inside quartz surface. As the chemicals respond to the laser light, they adhere to the glass surface, forming opticl films. Dr. Frazier and Dr. Mark S. Paley developed the process in the Space Sciences Laboratory at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, AL. Working aboard the Space Shuttle, a science team led by Dr. Frazier formed thin-films potentially useful in optical computers with fewer impurities than those formed on Earth. Patterns of these films can be traced onto the quartz surface. In the optical computers on the future, these films could replace electronic circuits and wires, making the systems more efficient and cost-effective, as well as lighter and more compact. Photo credit: NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center

Microgravity

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-05-26

NASA researcher Dr. Donald Frazier uses a blue laser shining through a quartz window into a special mix of chemicals to generate a polymer film on the inside quartz surface. As the chemicals respond to the laser light, they adhere to the glass surface, forming optical films. Dr. Frazier and Dr. Mark S. Paley developed the process in the Space Sciences Laboratory at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, AL. Working aboard the Space Shuttle, a science team led by Dr. Frazier formed thin-films potentially useful in optical computers with fewer impurities than those formed on Earth. Patterns of these films can be traced onto the quartz surface. In the optical computers of the future, thee films could replace electronic circuits and wires, making the systems more efficient and cost-effective, as well as lighter and more compact. Photo credit: NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center

Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) Key Project: the Birth and Death of Planets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stencel, Robert E.; Creech-Eakman, Michelle; Fajardo-Acosta, Sergio; Backman, Dana

1999-01-01

This program was designed to continue to analyze observations of stars thought to be forming protoplanets, using the European Space Agency's Infrared Space Observatory, ISO, as one of NASA Key Projects with ISO. A particular class of Infrared Astronomy Satellite (IRAS) discovered stars, known after the prototype, Vega, are principal targets for these observations aimed at examining the evidence for processes involved in forming, or failing to form, planetary systems around other stars. In addition, this program continued to provide partial support for related science in the WIRE, SOFIA and Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF) projects, plus approved ISO supplementary time observations under programs MCREE1 29 and VEGADMAP. Their goals include time dependent changes in SWS spectra of Long Period Variable stars and PHOT P32 mapping experiments of recognized protoplanetary disk candidate stars.

Construction in space - Toward a fresh definition of the man/machine relation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Watters, H. H.; Stokes, J. W.

1979-01-01

The EVA (extravehicular activity) project forming part of the space construction process is reviewed. The manual EVA constuction, demonstrated by the crew of Skylab 3 by assembling a modest space structure in the form of the twin-pole sunshade, is considered, indicating that the experiment dispelled many doubts about man's ability to execute routine and contingency EVA operations. Tests demonstrating the feasibility of remote teleoperator rendezvous, station keeping, and docking operations, using hand controllers for direct input and television for feedback, are noted. Future plans for designing space construction machines are mentioned.

All ASD complex and real 4-dimensional Einstein spaces with Λ≠0 admitting a nonnull Killing vector

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chudecki, Adam

2016-12-01

Anti-self-dual (ASD) 4-dimensional complex Einstein spaces with nonzero cosmological constant Λ equipped with a nonnull Killing vector are considered. It is shown that any conformally nonflat metric of such spaces can be always brought to a special form and the Einstein field equations can be reduced to the Boyer-Finley-Plebański equation (Toda field equation). Some alternative forms of the metric are discussed. All possible real slices (neutral, Euclidean and Lorentzian) of ASD complex Einstein spaces with Λ≠0 admitting a nonnull Killing vector are found.

Space station needs, attributes and architectural options study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1983-01-01

All the candidate Technology Development missions investigated during the space station needs, attributes, and architectural options study are described. All the mission data forms plus additional information such as, cost, drawings, functional flows, etc., generated in support of these mission is included with a computer generated mission data form.

75 FR 41921 - Agency Information Collection; Activity Under OMB Review; Report of Passengers Denied Confirmed...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-19

... Confirmed Space AGENCY: Research & Innovative Technology Administration (RITA), Bureau of Transportation... Title: Report of passengers Denied Confirmed Space. Form No.: Form 251. Type Of Review: Re-instatement..., travelers and travel agents can select carriers with lower incidences of bumping passengers. This...

77 FR 33808 - Agency Information Collection; Activity Under OMB Review: Report of Passengers Denied Confirmed...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-07

... Confirmed Space--BTS Form 251 AGENCY: Research & Innovative Technology Administration (RITA), Bureau of.... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: OMB Approval No. 2138-0018 Title: Report of Passengers Denied Confirmed Space. Form... quarterly, travelers and travel agents can select carriers with lower incidences of bumping passengers. This...

14 CFR 121.689 - Flight release form: Supplemental operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Flight release form: Supplemental operations. 121.689 Section 121.689 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... the flight is released. (b) The aircraft flight release must contain, or have attached to it, weather...

14 CFR 121.689 - Flight release form: Supplemental operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Flight release form: Supplemental operations. 121.689 Section 121.689 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... the flight is released. (b) The aircraft flight release must contain, or have attached to it, weather...

14 CFR 121.689 - Flight release form: Supplemental operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Flight release form: Supplemental operations. 121.689 Section 121.689 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... the flight is released. (b) The aircraft flight release must contain, or have attached to it, weather...

14 CFR 121.689 - Flight release form: Supplemental operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Flight release form: Supplemental operations. 121.689 Section 121.689 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... the flight is released. (b) The aircraft flight release must contain, or have attached to it, weather...

14 CFR 121.689 - Flight release form: Supplemental operations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Flight release form: Supplemental operations. 121.689 Section 121.689 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... the flight is released. (b) The aircraft flight release must contain, or have attached to it, weather...

Effects of space vacuum and solar ultraviolet irradiation (254 nanometers) on the colony forming ability of Bacillus subtilis spores

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Buecker, H.; Horneck, G.; Wollenhaupt, H.

1973-01-01

Bacillus subtilis spores are highly resistant to harsh environments. Therefore, in the Apollo 16 Microbial Response to Space Environment Experiment (M191), these spores were exposed to space vacuum or solar ultraviolet irradiation, or both, to estimate the change of survival for terrestrial organisms in space. The survival of the spores was determined in terms of colony-forming ability. Comparison of the flight results with results of simulation experiments on earth applying high vacuum or ultraviolet irradiation, or both, revealed no remarkable difference. Simultaneous exposure to both these space factors resulted in a synergistic effect (that is, an ultraviolet supersensitivity). Therefore, the change of survival in space is assumed to depend on the degree of protection against solar ultraviolet irradiation.

Space fabrication: Graphite composite truss welding and cap forming subsystems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jenkins, L. M.; Browning, D. L.

1980-01-01

An automated beam builder for the fabrication of space structures is described. The beam builder forms a triangular truss 1.3 meters on a side. Flat strips of preconsolidated graphite fiber fabric in a polysulfone matrix are coiled in a storage canister. Heaters raise the material to forming temperature then the structural cap section is formed by a series of rollers. After cooling, cross members and diagonal tension cords are ultrasonically welded in place to complete the truss. The stability of fabricated structures and composite materials is also examined.

Early wide spacing in red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.): effects on stem form and stem growth.

Treesearch

Bernard T. Bormann

1985-01-01

A thinning trial was established in 1962 in a 7-year-old red alder stand in northwestern Washington. Spacings were 8 x 8 ft (dense), 12 x 12 it (intermediate), and 16 x 16 ft (open). The effect of early thinning on growth and stem form was measured in 1982, 20 years after spacing treatment. There was negligible tree lean and sweep in open and intermediate stands except...

On a Poisson homogeneous space of bilinear forms with a Poisson-Lie action

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chekhov, L. O.; Mazzocco, M.

2017-12-01

Let \\mathscr A be the space of bilinear forms on C^N with defining matrices A endowed with a quadratic Poisson structure of reflection equation type. The paper begins with a short description of previous studies of the structure, and then this structure is extended to systems of bilinear forms whose dynamics is governed by the natural action A\\mapsto B ABT} of the {GL}_N Poisson-Lie group on \\mathscr A. A classification is given of all possible quadratic brackets on (B, A)\\in {GL}_N× \\mathscr A preserving the Poisson property of the action, thus endowing \\mathscr A with the structure of a Poisson homogeneous space. Besides the product Poisson structure on {GL}_N× \\mathscr A, there are two other (mutually dual) structures, which (unlike the product Poisson structure) admit reductions by the Dirac procedure to a space of bilinear forms with block upper triangular defining matrices. Further generalisations of this construction are considered, to triples (B,C, A)\\in {GL}_N× {GL}_N× \\mathscr A with the Poisson action A\\mapsto B ACT}, and it is shown that \\mathscr A then acquires the structure of a Poisson symmetric space. Generalisations to chains of transformations and to the quantum and quantum affine algebras are investigated, as well as the relations between constructions of Poisson symmetric spaces and the Poisson groupoid. Bibliography: 30 titles.

A space crane concept for performing on-orbit assembly

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dorsey, John T.

1992-01-01

The topics are presented in viewgraph form and include: in-space assembly and construction enhances future mission planning flexibility; in-space assembly and construction facility concept; space crane concept with mobile base; fundamental characteristics; space crane research approach; spacecraft component positioning and assembly test-bed; and articulating joint testbed.

Paradigm shift regarding the transversalis fascia, preperitoneal space, and Retzius' space.

PubMed

Asakage, N

2018-06-01

There has been confusion in the anatomical recognition when performing inguinal hernia operations in Japan. From now on, a paradigm shift from the concept of two-dimensional layer structure to the three-dimensional space recognition is necessary to promote an understanding of anatomy. Along with the formation of the abdominal wall, the extraperitoneal space is formed by the transversalis fascia and preperitoneal space. The transversalis fascia is a somatic vascular fascia originating from an arteriovenous fascia. It is a dense areolar tissue layer at the outermost of the extraperitoneal space that runs under the diaphragm and widely lines the body wall muscle. The umbilical funiculus is taken into the abdominal wall and transformed into the preperitoneal space that is a local three-dimensional cavity enveloping preperitoneal fasciae composed of the renal fascia, vesicohypogastric fascia, and testiculoeferential fascia. The Retzius' space is an artificial cavity formed at the boundary between the transversalis fascia and preperitoneal space. In the underlay mesh repair, the mesh expands in the range spanning across the Retzius' space and preperitoneal space.

SOAR 89: Space Station. Space suit test program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kosmo, Joseph J.; West, Philip; Rouen, Michael

1990-01-01

The elements of the test program for the space suit to be used on Space Station Freedom are noted in viewgraph form. Information is given on evaluation objectives, zero gravity evaluation, mobility evaluation, extravehicular activity task evaluation, and shoulder joint evaluation.

Assessment of Identity Status in College Women Using Outer Space and Inner Space Interviews.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hopkins, Linda B.

1982-01-01

Investigated the validity of two approaches to the assessment of female identity status: the standard Outer Space interview used with males, and an Inner Space interview specifically developed for females. Found that, contrary to Erikson's theory, college women form their identities around Outer Space as well as Inner Space issues. (Author/GC)

Space Science

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-01-01

Pictured is the chosen artist's rendering of NASA's next generation space telescope, a successor to the Hubble Space Telescope, was named the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in honor of NASA's second administrator, James E. Webb. To further our understanding of the way our present universe formed following the the big bang, NASA is developing the JWST to observe the first stars and galaxies in the universe. This grand effort will help to answer the following fundamental questions: How galaxies form and evolve, how stars and planetary systems form and interact, how the universe builds up its present elemental/chemical composition, and what dark matter is. To see into the depths of space, the JWST is currently plarning to carry instruments that are sensitive to the infrared wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum. The new telescope will carry a near-infrared camera, a multi-object spectrometer, and a mid-infrared camera/spectrometer. The JWST is scheduled for launch in 2010 aboard an expendable launch vehicle. It will take about 3 months for the spacecraft to reach its destination, an orbit of 940,000 miles in space. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) is supporting Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in developing the JWST by creating an ultra-lightweight mirror for the telescope at MSFC's Space Optics Manufacturing Technology Center. GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland, manages the JWST, and TRW will design and fabricate the observatory's primary mirror and spacecraft. The program has a number of industry, academic, and government partners, as well as the European Space Agency and the Canadian Space Agency. (Image: Courtesy of TRW)

Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Shear Formed Aluminum Alloys for Airframe and Space Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Troeger, L. P.; Domack, M. S.; Wagner, J. A.

1998-01-01

Advanced manufacturing processes such as near-net-shape forming can reduce production costs and increase the reliability of launch vehicle and airframe structural components through the reduction of material scrap and part count and the minimization of joints. The current research is an investigation of the processing-microstructure-property relationship for shear formed cylinders of the Al-Cu-Li-Mg-Ag alloy 2195 for space applications and the Al-Cu-Mg-Ag alloy C415 for airframe applications. Cylinders which have undergone various amounts of shear-forming strain have been studied to assess the microstructure and mechanical properties developed during and after shear forming.

Information sciences and human factors overview

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holcomb, Lee B.

1988-01-01

An overview of program objectives of the Information Sciences and Human Factors Division of NASA's Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology is given in viewgraph form. Information is given on the organizational structure, goals, the research and technology base, telerobotics, systems autonomy in space operations, space sensors, humans in space, space communications, space data systems, transportation vehicle guidance and control, spacecraft control, and major program directions in space.

The Â-genus as a Projective Volume form on the Derived Loop Space

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grady, Ryan

2018-06-01

In the present work, we extend our previous work with Gwilliam by realizing \\hat {A}(X) as the projective volume form associated to the BV operator in our quantization of a one-dimensional sigma model. We also discuss the associated integration/expectation map. We work in the formalism of L ∞ spaces, objects of which are computationally convenient presentations for derived stacks. Both smooth and complex geometry embed into L ∞ spaces and we specialize our results in both of these cases.

TWISTED RIBBON FUEL ELEMENT

DOEpatents

Breden, C.R.; Schultz, A.B.

1961-06-01

A reactor core formed of bundles of parallel fuel elements in the form of ribbons is patented. The fuel ribbons are twisted about their axes so as to have contact with one another at regions spaced lengthwise of the ribbons and to be out of contact with one another at locations between these spaced regions. The contact between the ribbons is sufficient to allow them to be held together in a stable bundle in a containing tube without intermediate support, while permitting enough space between the ribbon for coolant flowing.

Advances in Sensors and Their Integration into Aircraft Guidance and Control Systems,

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-06-01

this function taking account of the limitations of the existing air- craft systems such as:- (a) Cockpit space (b) use of existing controls particularly...electrostatically focused under the influence of high potentials to form an electron image on a thin silicon wafer target upon which a very tightly spaced ...matrix of p-n junctions have been formed. The spacing of the diodes is of the order of n m. A gain mechanism is caused because the photo electrons

Urban Technology, Conflict Education, and Disputed Space

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stienen, Angela

2009-01-01

This article examines an urban project in Medellin, Colombia's second city, that sought to form social life by forming space: the city's metropolitan railway (Metro), which started operations at the end of 1995 and became the impetus of the inner city's renewal during the 1990s. The article begins with some background information on Medellin's…

Killing Forms on the Five-Dimensional Einstein-Sasaki Y(p, q) Spaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Visinescu, Mihai

2012-12-01

We present the complete set of Killing-Yano tensors on the five-dimensional Einstein-Sasaki Y(p, q) spaces. Two new Killing-Yano tensors are identified, associated with the complex volume form of the Calabi-Yau metric cone. The corresponding hidden symmetries are not anomalous and the geodesic equations are superintegrable.

14 CFR Appendix C to Part 330 - Forms for Air Taxi Operators

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Forms for Air Taxi Operators C Appendix C to Part 330 Aeronautics and Space OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (AVIATION PROCEEDINGS) PROCEDURAL REGULATIONS PROCEDURES FOR COMPENSATION OF AIR CARRIERS Pt. 330, App. C Appendix C to...

Rapid Speech Transmission Index predictions and auralizations of unusual instructional spaces at MIT's new Stata Center

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Conant, David A.

2005-04-01

The Stata Center for Computer, Information and Intelligence Sciences, recently opened at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, includes a variety of oddly-shaped seminar rooms in addition to lecture spaces of somewhat more conventional form. The architects design approach prohibited following conventional, well understood room-acoustical behavior yet MIT and the design team were keenly interested in ensuring that these spaces functioned exceptionally well, acoustically. CATT-Acoustic room modeling was employed to assess RASTI through multiple design iterations for all these spaces. Presented here are computational and descriptive results achieved for these rooms which are highly-regarded by faculty. They all sound peculiarly good, given their unusual form. In addition, binaural auralizations for selected spaces are provided.

NASA Scientists Push the Limits of Computer Technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1998-01-01

Dr. Donald Frazier,NASA researcher, uses a blue laser shining through a quarts window into a special mix of chemicals to generate a polymer film on the inside quartz surface. As the chemicals respond to the laser light, they adhere to the glass surface, forming optical films. Dr. Frazier and Dr. Mark S. Paley developed the process in the Space Sciences Laboratory at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, AL. Working aboard the Space Shuttle, a science team led by Dr. Frazier formed thin films potentially useful in optical computers with fewer impurities than those formed on Earth. Patterns of these films can be traced onto the quartz surface. In the optical computers of the future, these films could replace electronic circuits and wires, making the systems more efficient and cost-effective, as well as lighter and more compact. Photo credit: NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center.

NASA Scientists Push the Limits of Computer Technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1998-01-01

NASA research Dr. Donald Frazier uses a blue laser shining through a quartz window into a special mix of chemicals to generate a polymer film on the inside quartz surface. As the chemicals respond to the laser light, they adhere to the glass surface, forming opticl films. Dr. Frazier and Dr. Mark S. Paley developed the process in the Space Sciences Laboratory at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, AL. Working aboard the Space Shuttle, a science team led by Dr. Frazier formed thin-films potentially useful in optical computers with fewer impurities than those formed on Earth. Patterns of these films can be traced onto the quartz surface. In the optical computers on the future, these films could replace electronic circuits and wires, making the systems more efficient and cost-effective, as well as lighter and more compact. Photo credit: NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center

NASA Scientists Push the Limits of Computer Technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1999-01-01

NASA researcher Dr. Donald Frazier uses a blue laser shining through a quartz window into a special mix of chemicals to generate a polymer film on the inside quartz surface. As the chemicals respond to the laser light, they adhere to the glass surface, forming optical films. Dr. Frazier and Dr. Mark S. Paley developed the process in the Space Sciences Laboratory at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, AL. Working aboard the Space Shuttle, a science team led by Dr. Frazier formed thin-films potentially useful in optical computers with fewer impurities than those formed on Earth. Patterns of these films can be traced onto the quartz surface. In the optical computers of the future, thee films could replace electronic circuits and wires, making the systems more efficient and cost-effective, as well as lighter and more compact. Photo credit: NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center

Space polypropulsion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kellett, B. J.; Griffin, D. K.; Bingham, R.; Campbell, R. N.; Forbes, A.; Michaelis, M. M.

2008-05-01

Hybrid space propulsion has been a feature of most space missions. Only the very early rocket propulsion experiments like the V2, employed a single form of propulsion. By the late fifties multi-staging was routine and the Space Shuttle employs three different kinds of fuel and rocket engines. During the development of chemical rockets, other forms of propulsion were being slowly tested, both theoretically and, relatively slowly, in practice. Rail and gas guns, ion engines, "slingshot" gravity assist, nuclear and solar power, tethers, solar sails have all seen some real applications. Yet the earliest type of non-chemical space propulsion to be thought of has never been attempted in space: laser and photon propulsion. The ideas of Eugen Saenger, Georgii Marx, Arthur Kantrowitz, Leik Myrabo, Claude Phipps and Robert Forward remain Earth-bound. In this paper we summarize the various forms of nonchemical propulsion and their results. We point out that missions beyond Saturn would benefit from a change of attitude to laser-propulsion as well as consideration of hybrid "polypropulsion" - which is to say using all the rocket "tools" available rather than possibly not the most appropriate. We conclude with three practical examples, two for the next decades and one for the next century; disposal of nuclear waste in space; a grand tour of the Jovian and Saturnian moons - with Huygens or Lunoxod type, landers; and eventually mankind's greatest space dream: robotic exploration of neighbouring planetary systems.

Space Science

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-04-21

NASA's Space Optics Manufacturing Center has been working to expand our view of the universe via sophisticated new telescopes. The Optics Center's goal is to develop low-cost, advanced space optics technologies for the NASA program in the 21st century - including the long-term goal of imaging Earth-like planets in distant solar systems. To reduce the cost of mirror fabrication, Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) has developed replication techniques, the machinery, and materials to replicate electro-formed nickel mirrors. The process allows fabricating precisely shaped mandrels to be used and reused as masters for replicating high-quality mirrors. Dr. Joe Ritter examines a replicated electro-formed nickel-alloy mirror which exemplifies the improvements in mirror fabrication techniques, with benefits such as dramtic weight reduction that have been achieved at the Marshall Space Flight Center's Space Optics Manufacturing Technology Center (SOMTC).

Glovebox Integrated Microgravity Isolation Technology (g-LIMIT): A Linearized State-Space Model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hampton, R. David; Calhoun, Philip C.; Whorton, Mark S.

2001-01-01

Vibration acceleration levels on large space platforms exceed the requirements of many space experiments. The Glovebox Integrated Microgravity Isolation Technology (g-LIMIT) is being built by the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center to attenuate these disturbances to acceptable levels. G-LIMIT uses Lorentz (voice-coil) magnetic actuators to levitate and isolate payloads at the individual experiment/sub-experiment (versus rack) level. Payload acceleration, relative position, and relative orientation measurements are fed to a state-space controller. The controller, in turn, determines the actuator Currents needed for effective experiment isolation. This paper presents the development of an algebraic, state-space model of g-LIMIT, in a form suitable for optimal controller design. The equations are first derived using Newton's Second Law directly, then simplified to a linear form for the purpose of controller design.

The design of free structure granular mappings: the use of the principle of justifiable granularity.

PubMed

Pedrycz, Witold; Al-Hmouz, Rami; Morfeq, Ali; Balamash, Abdullah

2013-12-01

The study introduces a concept of mappings realized in presence of information granules and offers a design framework supporting the formation of such mappings. Information granules are conceptually meaningful entities formed on a basis of a large number of experimental input–output numeric data available for the construction of the model. We develop a conceptually and algorithmically sound way of forming information granules. Considering the directional nature of the mapping to be formed, this directionality aspect needs to be taken into account when developing information granules. The property of directionality implies that while the information granules in the input space could be constructed with a great deal of flexibility, the information granules formed in the output space have to inherently relate to those built in the input space. The input space is granulated by running a clustering algorithm; for illustrative purposes, the focus here is on fuzzy clustering realized with the aid of the fuzzy C-means algorithm. The information granules in the output space are constructed with the aid of the principle of justifiable granularity (being one of the underlying fundamental conceptual pursuits of Granular Computing). The construct exhibits two important features. First, the constructed information granules are formed in the presence of information granules already constructed in the input space (and this realization is reflective of the direction of the mapping from the input to the output space). Second, the principle of justifiable granularity does not confine the realization of information granules to a single formalism such as fuzzy sets but helps form the granules expressed any required formalism of information granulation. The quality of the granular mapping (viz. the mapping realized for the information granules formed in the input and output spaces) is expressed in terms of the coverage criterion (articulating how well the experimental data are “covered” by information granules produced by the granular mapping for any input experimental data). Some parametric studies are reported by quantifying the performance of the granular mapping (expressed in terms of the coverage and specificity criteria) versus the values of a certain parameters utilized in the construction of output information granules through the principle of justifiable granularity. The plots of coverage–specificity dependency help determine a knee point and reach a sound compromise between these two conflicting requirements imposed on the quality of the granular mapping. Furthermore, quantified is the quality of the mapping with regard to the number of information granules (implying a certain granularity of the mapping). A series of experiments is reported as well.

Two-Dimensional Micropatterns of Self-Assembled Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgels for Patterned Adhesion and Temperature-Responsive Detachment of Fibroblasts

PubMed Central

Tsai, Hsin-Yi; Vats, Kanika; Yates, Matthew Z.; Benoit, Danielle S. W.

2013-01-01

Thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels were patterned on polystyrene substrates via dip coating, creating cytocompatible substrates that provided spatial control over cell adhesion. This simple dip coating method, which exploits variable substrate withdrawal speeds form particle suspension formed stripes of densely-packed PNIPAM microgels, while spacings between the stripes contained sparsely-distributed PNIPAM microgels. The assembly of three different PNIPAM microgel patterns, namely patterns composed of 50 μm stripes/50 μm spacings, 50 μm stripes/100 μm spacings, and 100 μm stripes/100 μm spacings was verified using high-resolution optical micrographs and ImageJ analysis. PNIPAM microgels existed as monolayers within stripes and spacings, as revealed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Upon cell seeding on PNIPAM micropatterned substrates, NIH3T3 fibroblast cells preferentially adhered within spacings to form cell patterns. Three days after cell seeding, cells proliferated to form confluent cell layers. The thermoresponsiveness of the underlying PNIPAM microgels was then utilized to recover fibroblast cell sheets from substrates simply by lowering the temperature, without disrupting the underlying PNIPAM microgel patterns. Harvested cell sheets similar to these have been used for multiple tissue engineering applications. Also, this simple, low cost, template-free dip coating technique can be utilized to micropattern multifunctional PNIPAM microgels, generating complex stimuli-responsive substrates to study cell-material interactions and allow drug delivery to cells in a spatially and temporally-controlled manners. PMID:23968193

Urban Form, Air Pollution, and Health.

PubMed

Hankey, Steve; Marshall, Julian D

2017-12-01

Urban form can impact air pollution and public health. We reviewed health-related articles that assessed (1) the relationships among urban form, air pollution, and health as well as (2) aspects of the urban environment (i.e., green space, noise, physical activity) that may modify those relationships. Simulation and empirical studies demonstrate an association between compact growth, improved regional air quality, and health. Most studies are cross-sectional and focus on connections between transportation emissions and land use. The physical and mental health impacts of green space, public spaces that promote physical activity, and noise are well-studied aspects of the urban environment and there is evidence that these factors may modify the relationship between air pollution and health. Urban form can support efforts to design clean, health-promoting cities. More work is needed to operationalize specific strategies and to elucidate the causal pathways connecting various aspects of health.

Space Station Freedom

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Keyes, Gilbert

1991-01-01

Information is given in viewgraph form on Space Station Freedom. Topics covered include future evolution, man-tended capability, permanently manned capability, standard payload rack dimensions, the Crystals by Vapor Transport Experiment (CVTE), commercial space projects interfaces, and pricing policy.

48 CFR 1852.228-72 - Cross-waiver of liability for space shuttle services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... and the parties related entities to encourage participation in space exploration, use, and investment... for space shuttle services. 1852.228-72 Section 1852.228-72 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT...

Seeking fluid possibility and solid ground: space and movement in mental health service users' experiences of 'crisis'.

PubMed

McGrath, Laura; Reavey, Paula

2015-03-01

Since the closure of the UK asylums, 'the community' has become short hand for describing a variety of disparate and complex spaces, in which service users manage their experiences of distress. An examination of such spaces here forms the basis of an analysis of the way in which service users move through and within space, to establish agency and dis/order while distressed. Seventeen participants, with various experiences of mental distress took part in a qualitative study, and a further textual analysis was conducted on eight published autobiographies. In the context of the interviews, participants presented drawings of the spaces they occupy during times of crisis, wellbeing and recovery. All texts were analysed using a thematic approach, informed by theories of embodiment and relational space. In this paper, the focus is directed towards two key patterns of movement, in order to explore ways in which participants experiencing various forms of mental health crisis used space in order to maintain and manage feelings of agency. Firstly, incidents where participants described moving towards fluid, outside spaces are explored, with agency being established through seeking, and utilising, greater possibilities for action and engaging others. In addition, the opposite pattern of movement is also explored, using incidents where participants described moving indoors, using the private space of the home to establish order and restore feelings of agency and strength, in contrast to overwhelming experiences in public space. Connections between these patterns of movement and particular forms of distress are discussed. It is argued that community and private spaces are integral to the ways in which selfhood, agency and action is experienced in mental distress, which in turn has implications for policy, treatment and community action. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Dispersive analysis of the pion transition form factor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hoferichter, M.; Kubis, B.; Leupold, S.; Niecknig, F.; Schneider, S. P.

2014-11-01

We analyze the pion transition form factor using dispersion theory. We calculate the singly-virtual form factor in the time-like region based on data for the cross section, generalizing previous studies on decays and scattering, and verify our result by comparing to data. We perform the analytic continuation to the space-like region, predicting the poorly-constrained space-like transition form factor below , and extract the slope of the form factor at vanishing momentum transfer . We derive the dispersive formalism necessary for the extension of these results to the doubly-virtual case, as required for the pion-pole contribution to hadronic light-by-light scattering in the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon.

30 CFR 33.31 - Test space.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Test space. 33.31 Section 33.31 Mineral... § 33.31 Test space. (a) Drilling tests shall be conducted in a test space formed by two curtains suspended across a mine opening in such a manner that the volume of the test space shall be approximately 2...

30 CFR 33.31 - Test space.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Test space. 33.31 Section 33.31 Mineral... § 33.31 Test space. (a) Drilling tests shall be conducted in a test space formed by two curtains suspended across a mine opening in such a manner that the volume of the test space shall be approximately 2...

Role of Dentate Gyrus in Aligning Internal Spatial Map to External Landmark

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Jong Won; Kim, Woon Ryoung; Sun, Woong; Jung, Min Whan

2009-01-01

Humans and animals form internal representations of external space based on their own body movement (dead reckoning) as well as external landmarks. It is poorly understood, however, how different types of information are integrated to form a unified representation of external space. To examine the role of dentate gyrus (DG) in this process, we…

48 CFR 1852.228-76 - Cross-waiver of liability for international space station activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... by Space Objects, which entered into force on September 1, 1972, where the person, entity, or... for international space station activities. 1852.228-76 Section 1852.228-76 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND...

48 CFR 1852.228-76 - Cross-waiver of liability for international space station activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... by Space Objects, which entered into force on September 1, 1972, where the person, entity, or... for international space station activities. 1852.228-76 Section 1852.228-76 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND...

48 CFR 1852.228-76 - Cross-waiver of liability for space station activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... for space station activities. 1852.228-76 Section 1852.228-76 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Texts of Provisions and Clauses 1852.228-76 Cross-waiver of liability for space station activities...

Lightlike hypersurfaces along spacelike submanifolds in anti-de Sitter space

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Izumiya, Shyuichi, E-mail: izumiya@math.sci.hokudai.ac.jp

2015-11-15

Anti-de Sitter space is the Lorentzian space form with negative curvature. In this paper, we consider lightlike hypersurfaces along spacelike submanifolds in anti-de Sitter space with general codimension. In particular, we investigate the singularities of lightlike hypersurfaces as an application of the theory of Legendrian singularities.

78 FR 48542 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Requests for Comments; Clearance of Renewed Approval of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-08

... Flight Requirements for Crew and Space Flight Participants AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA...-0720. Title: Human Space Flight Requirements for Crew and Space Flight Participants. Form Numbers... information collection. Background: The FAA has established requirements for human space flight of crew and...

78 FR 29425 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Requests for Comments; Clearance of Renewed Approval of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-20

... Flight Requirements for Crew and Space Flight Participants AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA...-0720. Title: Human Space Flight Requirements for Crew and Space Flight Participants. Form Numbers... information collection. Background: The FAA has established requirements for human space flight of crew and...

48 CFR 1852.235-70 - Center for AeroSpace Information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true Center for AeroSpace... SPACE ADMINISTRATION CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Texts of Provisions and Clauses 1852.235-70 Center for AeroSpace Information. As prescribed in 1835.070(a), insert the...

Always-on Education and Hybrid Learning Spaces

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trentin, Guglielmo

2016-01-01

The possibility of being always connected to the Internet and/or the mobile network (hence the term "always-on") is increasingly blurring the borderline between physical and digital spaces, introducing a new concept of space, known as "hybrid." Innovative forms of teaching have been developing in hybrid spaces for some time…

48 CFR 1852.235-70 - Center for AeroSpace Information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Center for AeroSpace... SPACE ADMINISTRATION CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Texts of Provisions and Clauses 1852.235-70 Center for AeroSpace Information. As prescribed in 1835.070(a), insert the...

48 CFR 1852.235-70 - Center for AeroSpace Information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Center for AeroSpace... SPACE ADMINISTRATION CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Texts of Provisions and Clauses 1852.235-70 Center for AeroSpace Information. As prescribed in 1835.070(a), insert the...

48 CFR 1852.228-72 - Cross-waiver of liability for space shuttle services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... participation in space exploration, use, and investment. The purpose of this clause is to extend this cross... for space shuttle services. 1852.228-72 Section 1852.228-72 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT...

Urban form relationships with walk trip frequency and distance among youth.

PubMed

Frank, Lawrence; Kerr, Jacqueline; Chapman, Jim; Sallis, James

2007-01-01

To assess the relationship among objectively measured urban form variables, age, and walking in youth. Cross-sectional analyses of travel diary data mapped against urban form characteristics within a 1-km buffer of participant's place of residence. Setting. Youth in the Atlanta, Georgia region with selection stratified by income, household size, and residential density. A total of 3161 5- to 20-year-olds who completed 2-day travel diaries. Diaries of those under 15 years were completed by a parent or legal guardian. Walking distances were calculated from a 2-day travel diary. Residential density, intersection density, land use mix, and commercial and recreation space were assessed within a 1-km network distance around residences. Analysis. Logistic regression analyses were performed for each urban form variable by age groups controlling for the demographic variables. All variables were then entered simultaneously into an analysis of the whole sample. All five urban form variables tested were related to walking. Recreation space was the only variables associated with walking across the four different age groups. All the urban form variables were related to walking in the 12 to 15 years age cohort. For this group, the odds of walking were 3. 7 times greater for those in highest- versus lowest-density tertile and 2.6 times greater for those with at least one commercial and 2.5 times greater for those with at least one recreational destination within 1 km from home. In the analysis of the full sample, number of cars, recreation space, and residential density were most strongly related to walking. Access to recreation or open space was the most important urban form variable related to walking for all age groups. Children aged 12 to 15 years old may be particularly influenced by urban form.

Myelography

MedlinePlus

... and the injection of contrast material in the space around the spinal cord and nerve roots (the subarachnoid space ) using a real-time form of x-ray ... the contrast material is injected into the subarachnoid space, the radiologist is able to view and evaluate ...

Engine Air Intake Manifold Having Built In Intercooler

DOEpatents

Freese, V, Charles E.

2000-09-12

A turbocharged V type engine can be equipped with an exhaust gas recirculation cooler integrated into the intake manifold, so as to achieve efficiency, cost reductions and space economization improvements. The cooler can take the form of a tube-shell heat exchanger that utilizes a cylindrical chamber in the air intake manifold as the heat exchanger housing. The intake manifold depends into the central space formed by the two banks of cylinders on the V type engine, such that the central space is effectively utilized for containing the manifold and cooler.

Comment on "Classification of aerosol properties derived from AERONET direct sun data" by Gobbi et al. (2007)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

O'Neill, N. T.

2010-10-01

It is pointed out that the graphical, aerosol classification method of Gobbi et al. (2007) can be interpreted as a manifestation of fundamental analytical relations whose existance depends on the simple assumption that the optical effects of aerosols are essentially bimodal in nature. The families of contour lines in their "Ada" curvature space are essentially empirical and discretized illustrations of analytical parabolic forms in (α, α') space (the space formed by the continuously differentiable Angstrom exponent and its spectral derivative).

Space Science

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-10-01

This king-size copper disk, manufactured at the Space Optics Manufacturing and Technology Center (SOMTC) at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), is a special mold for making high resolution monitor screens. This master mold will be used to make several other molds, each capable of forming hundreds of screens that have a type of lens called a Fresnel lens. Weighing much less than conventional optics, Fresnel lenses have multiple concentric grooves, each formed to a precise angle, that together create the curvature needed to focus and project images. MSFC leads NASA's space optics manufacturing technology development as a technology leader for diamond turning. The machine used to manufacture this mold is among many one-of-a-kind pieces of equipment of MSFC's SOMTC.

The Virtual Space Telescope: A New Class of Science Missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shah, Neerav; Calhoun, Philip

2016-01-01

Many science investigations proposed by GSFC require two spacecraft alignment across a long distance to form a virtual space telescope. Forming a Virtual Space telescope requires advances in Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GNC) enabling the distribution of monolithic telescopes across multiple space platforms. The capability to align multiple spacecraft to an intertial target is at a low maturity state and we present a roadmap to advance the system-level capability to be flight ready in preparation of various science applications. An engineering proof of concept, called the CANYVAL-X CubeSat MIssion is presented. CANYVAL-X's advancement will decrease risk for a potential starshade mission that would fly with WFIRST.

US space commerce, 1991

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pace, Scott

1992-01-01

The topics are presented in viewgraph form and include the following: the US share of commercial payloads in comparison with Ariane's share; world communications satellite orders; the US share of prime contracts for construction of commercial communications satellites; emerging markets; space activities at the Commerce Department (DOC); Office of Space Commerce (OSC) mission description; key drivers for commercial space; and general DOC space policy themes.

The image of public space on planned housing based on environmental and behavior cognition mapping (case study: Cemara Asri Estate)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nirfalini Aulia, Dwira; Zahara, Aina

2018-03-01

Public spaces in a planned housing is a place of social interaction for every visitor of public space. The research on public space image uses four public spaces that meet the criteria of public space such as pedestrian sidewalks, public park, water front and worship place. Research on the perception of public space is interesting to investigate because housing development is part of the forming of a society that should design with proper architectural considerations. The purpose of this research is to know the image of public space on the planned housing in Medan City based on the mapping of environmental and behavior cognition and to know the difference between the image that happened to four group respondent. The research method of architecture used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method with case study approach (most similar case). Analysis of data used using mental maps and questionnaires. Then the image of public space is formed based on the elements of public space, wayfinding, route choice, and movement. The image difference that occurs to the housing residents and architecture students, design and planning are outstanding, visitors to the public housing space is good, people who have never visited the public space is inadequate.

Theorising "Sacred" Space in Educational Contexts: A Case Study of Three English Midlands Sixth Form Colleges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parker, Stephen G.

2009-01-01

Sixth Form Colleges (along with the general Further Education sector) in England and Wales have of late begun to appoint new chaplains and to set aside space for quiet, prayer and reflection. This article explores this phenomenon as exhibited by three colleges in the English Midlands, utilising spatial theory and the sociology of…

Layered Structure and Swelling Behavior of a Multiple Hydrate-Forming Pharmaceutical Compound

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kiang, Y.; Xu, W; Stephens, P

2009-01-01

Investigation of one anhydrous and four hydrated forms of a pharmaceutical compound (1) using both single-crystal and high-resolution powder X-ray diffraction methods revealed a two-dimensional framework which, upon exposure to moisture, absorbed water between the layers, causing the lattice to expand by as much as 20% of the axial length along a. The single-crystal structure was solved and refined for the pentahydrate form in space group C2 with unit cell parameters a = 36.961(5) Angstroms, b = 7.458(2) Angstroms, c = 20.691(4) Angstroms, e = 99.461(1), and V = 5626(4) Angstroms3. In the single-crystal structure the water layers were parallelmore » to the bc plane and sandwiched by the crystalline compound 1 framework. Upon a change of relative humidity, water goes in and out of the interlayer space with the retention of the layer structure of the development compound. Starting from the anhydrous form, each additional water of hydration increased the interlayer spacing of the pharmaceutical solid by 1.3 Angstroms, half the size of a water molecule. In an exploratory formulation, this expansion of interlayer spacing caused tablets to crack upon storage at high relative humidity.« less

NASA/DOD Flight Experiments Technical Interchange Meeting Proceedings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1992-01-01

This document contains the proceedings of the Flight Experiments Technical Interchange Meeting held in Monterey California, October 5-9, 1992. Technical sessions 4 through 8 addressing space structures, propulsion, space power systems, space environments and effects, and space operations are covered. Many of the papers are presented in outline and viewgraph form.

30 CFR 33.31 - Test space.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Test space. 33.31 Section 33.31 Mineral... MINING PRODUCTS DUST COLLECTORS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH ROCK DRILLING IN COAL MINES Test Requirements § 33.31 Test space. (a) Drilling tests shall be conducted in a test space formed by two curtains...

30 CFR 33.31 - Test space.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Test space. 33.31 Section 33.31 Mineral... MINING PRODUCTS DUST COLLECTORS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH ROCK DRILLING IN COAL MINES Test Requirements § 33.31 Test space. (a) Drilling tests shall be conducted in a test space formed by two curtains...

30 CFR 33.31 - Test space.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Test space. 33.31 Section 33.31 Mineral... MINING PRODUCTS DUST COLLECTORS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH ROCK DRILLING IN COAL MINES Test Requirements § 33.31 Test space. (a) Drilling tests shall be conducted in a test space formed by two curtains...

INTERAGENCY DNAPL CONSORTIUM: A COMMITMENT TO SUCCESSFULLY ACCOMPLISH A COMPLEX DEMONSTRATION OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR DNAPL REMEDIATION

EPA Science Inventory

The USDOE, Office of Science and Technology (DOE-OST); USEPA/NRMRL; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center (NASA-KSC); and the USAir Force 45th Space Wing (rtth Space Wing) have combined resources to form the Interagency Dense Non Aqueous Phase Liquid...

Development of channel organization and roughness following sediment pulses in single‐thread, gravel bed rivers

USGS Publications Warehouse

Madej, Mary Ann

2001-01-01

Large, episodic inputs of coarse sediment (sediment pulses) in forested, mountain streams may result in changes in the size and arrangement of bed forms and in channel roughness. A conceptual model of channel organization delineates trajectories of response to sediment pulses for many types of gravel bed channels. Channels exhibited self‐organizing behavior to various degrees based on channel gradient, presence of large in‐channel wood or other forcing elements, the size of the sediment pulse, and the number of bed‐mobilizing flows since disturbance. Typical channel changes following a sediment pulse were initial decreases in water depth, in variability of bed elevations, and in the regularity of bed form spacing. Trajectories of change subsequently showed increased average water depth, more variable and complex bed topography, and increased uniformity of bed form spacing. Bed form spacing in streams with abundant forcing elements developed at a shorter spatial scale (two to five channel widths) than in streams without such forcing mechanisms (five to 10 channel widths). Channel roughness increased as bed forms developed.

Photodiode arrays having minimized cross-talk between diodes

DOEpatents

Guckel, Henry; McNamara, Shamus P.

2000-10-17

Photodiode arrays are formed with close diode-to-diode spacing and minimized cross-talk between diodes in the array by isolating the diodes from one another with trenches that are formed between the photodiodes in the array. The photodiodes are formed of spaced regions in a base layer, each spaced region having an impurity type opposite to that of the base layer to define a p-n junction between the spaced regions and the base layer. The base layer meets a substrate at a boundary, with the substrate being much more heavily doped than the base layer with the same impurity type. The trenches extend through the base layer and preferably into the substrate. Minority carriers generated by absorption of light photons in the base layer can only migrate to an adjacent photodiode through the substrate. The lifetime and the corresponding diffusion length of the minority carriers in the substrate is very short so that all minority carriers recombine in the substrate before reaching an adjacent photodiode.

75 FR 80080 - Notice of Information Collection

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-21

... items used in or supplied for human space missions or approved JSC projects. The form also provides... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice: (10-166)] Notice of Information Collection AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). ACTION: Notice of information collection...

75 FR 65671 - Notice of Information Collection

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-26

... items used in or supplied for human space missions or approved JSC projects. The form also provides... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice: (10-134)] Notice of Information Collection AGENCY: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). ACTION: Notice of information collection...

From Glass Formation to Icosahedral Ordering by Curving Three-Dimensional Space.

PubMed

Turci, Francesco; Tarjus, Gilles; Royall, C Patrick

2017-05-26

Geometric frustration describes the inability of a local molecular arrangement, such as icosahedra found in metallic glasses and in model atomic glass formers, to tile space. Local icosahedral order, however, is strongly frustrated in Euclidean space, which obscures any causal relationship with the observed dynamical slowdown. Here we relieve frustration in a model glass-forming liquid by curving three-dimensional space onto the surface of a 4-dimensional hypersphere. For sufficient curvature, frustration vanishes and the liquid "freezes" in a fully icosahedral structure via a sharp "transition." Frustration increases upon reducing the curvature, and the transition to the icosahedral state smoothens while glassy dynamics emerge. Decreasing the curvature leads to decoupling between dynamical and structural length scales and the decrease of kinetic fragility. This sheds light on the observed glass-forming behavior in Euclidean space.

An intradural-extramedullary gas-forming spinal abscess in a patient with diabetes mellitus.

PubMed

Nadkarni, Trimurti; Shah, Abhidha; Kansal, Ritesh; Goel, Atul

2010-02-01

Spinal infections are commonly reported to be located in the extradural or intramedullary spaces. Infection involving the intradural-extramedullary space are uncommon. We report a patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and an infected foot ulcer who presented with a cervical cord abscess and intradural gas. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment are necessary for a favourable outcome in gas-forming intradural spinal abscesses. To our knowledge, a gas-forming intradural spinal abscess has not been reported previously and we discuss the relevant literature. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

On the Tetragonal Forms of KMo 4O 6

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McCarroll, W. H.; Ramanujachary, K. V.; Greenblatt, M.; Marsh, Richard E.

1995-06-01

A reexamination of the X-ray diffraction data for the tetragonal form of KMo4O6 prepared by fused salt electrolysis leads to the conclusion that the crystal structure is better described by using space group P 4/mbm and not P4¯ as previously reported. However, refinement in the new space group does not result in any significant changes in the atomic arrangement. Possible reasons for the significant difference between the c lattice parameter of this form of KMo4O6 and that prepared at high pressures are also discussed.

Space station automation study. Volume 1: Executive summary. Autonomous systems and assembly

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1984-01-01

The space station automation study (SSAS) was to develop informed technical guidance for NASA personnel in the use of autonomy and autonomous systems to implement space station functions. The initial step taken by NASA in organizing the SSAS was to form and convene a panel of recognized expert technologists in automation, space sciences and aerospace engineering to produce a space station automation plan.

Function, form, and technology - The evolution of Space Station in NASA

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fries, S. D.

1985-01-01

The history of major Space Station designs over the last twenty-five years is reviewed. The evolution of design concepts is analyzed with respect to the changing functions of Space Stations; and available or anticipated technology capabilities. Emphasis is given to the current NASA Space Station reference configuration, the 'power tower'. Detailed schematic drawings of the different Space Station designs are provided.

Fiber Reinforced Composite Cores and Panels

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Day, Stephen W. (Inventor); Campbell, G. Scott (Inventor); Tilton, Danny E. (Inventor); Stoll, Frederick (Inventor); Sheppard, Michael (Inventor); Banerjee, Robin (Inventor)

2013-01-01

A fiber reinforced core panel is formed from strips of plastics foam helically wound with layers of rovings to form webs which may extend in a wave pattern or may intersect transverse webs. Hollow tubes may replace foam strips. Axial rovings cooperate with overlying helically wound rovings to form a beam or a column. Wound roving patterns may vary along strips for structural efficiency. Wound strips may alternate with spaced strips, and spacers between the strips enhance web buckling strength. Continuously wound rovings between spaced strips permit folding to form panels with reinforced edges. Continuously wound strips are helically wrapped to form annular structures, and composite panels may combine both thermoset and thermoplastic resins. Continuously wound strips or strip sections may be continuously fed either longitudinally or laterally into molding apparatus which may receive skin materials to form reinforced composite panels.

On the dualization of scalars into ( d - 2)-forms in supergravity. Momentum maps, R-symmetry and gauged supergravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bandos, Igor A.; Ortín, Tomás

2016-08-01

We review and investigate different aspects of scalar fields in supergravity theories both when they parametrize symmetric spaces and when they parametrize spaces of special holonomy which are not necessarily symmetric (Kähler and Quaternionic-Kähler spaces): their rôle in the definition of derivatives of the fermions covariant under the R-symmetry group and (in gauged supergravities) under some gauge group, their dualization into ( d - 2)-forms, their role in the supersymmetry transformation rules (via fermion shifts, for instance) etc. We find a general definition of momentum map that applies to any manifold admitting a Killing vector and coincides with those of the holomorphic and tri-holomorphic momentum maps in Kähler and quaternionic-Kähler spaces and with an independent definition that can be given in symmetric spaces. We show how the momen-tum map occurs ubiquitously: in gauge-covariant derivatives of fermions, in fermion shifts, in the supersymmetry transformation rules of ( d - 2)-forms etc. We also give the general structure of the Noether-Gaillard-Zumino conserved currents in theories with fields of different ranks in any dimension.

Literacy Networks: Following the Circulation of Texts, Bodies, and Objects in the Schooling and Online Gaming of One Youth

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leander, Kevin M.; Lovvorn, Jason F.

2006-01-01

In this article, we offer an approach to conceiving of the relation between literacy practices and space-time. Literacy, embedded in other forms of activity, has a unique role in producing and organizing space-time relations, and such relations provide for different forms of cognition and learning. Closely examining how literacy practices produce…

48 CFR 1852.227-85 - Invention reporting and rights-Foreign.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Texts of... States of America as represented by the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space... and Space Administration only an irrevocable, nontransferable, nonexclusive, royalty-free license to...

48 CFR 1852.227-85 - Invention reporting and rights-Foreign.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Texts of... States of America as represented by the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space... and Space Administration only an irrevocable, nontransferable, nonexclusive, royalty-free license to...

48 CFR 1852.227-85 - Invention reporting and rights-Foreign.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Texts of... States of America as represented by the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space... and Space Administration only an irrevocable, nontransferable, nonexclusive, royalty-free license to...

48 CFR 1852.227-85 - Invention reporting and rights-Foreign.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Texts of... States of America as represented by the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space... and Space Administration only an irrevocable, nontransferable, nonexclusive, royalty-free license to...

Earth's horizon

NASA Image and Video Library

2005-07-30

S114-E-6076 (30 July 2005) --- The blackness of space and Earth’s horizon form the backdrop for this view of the extended Space Shuttle Discovery’s remote manipulator system (RMS) robotic arm while docked to the International Space Station during the STS-114 mission.

Ultrastructural study of the human neurohypophysis. III. Vascular and perivascular structures.

PubMed

Seyama, S; Pearl, G S; Takei, Y

1980-01-01

The vascular and perivascular regions of the human neurohypophysis were studied electron microscopically. The abluminal basement membrane, perivascular space, luminal basement membrane and endothelium are interposed between the neural parenchyma and the blood stream. The capillaries are fenestrated, with pores measuring 30 to 50 nm in diameter. The perivascular and intercellular spaces form prominent networks that penetrate between rows of neurohypophysial parenchymal cells. The perivascular space contains pericytes, histiocytes, fibroblasts and mast cells, with ultrastructural features typical of each cell type. No transitional forms between histiocytes and pericytes were observed. A schema for the extracellular flow of neurohypophysial hormones through the sinusoidal and perivascular spaces is proposed, suggesting an important role for the pituicytes and their intercellular junctions in the control of hormone release.

Shuttle-launch triangular space station

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schneider, W. C. (Inventor); Berka, R. B. (Inventor); Kavanaugh, C. (Inventor); Nagy, K. (Inventor); Parish, R. C. (Inventor); Schliesing, J. A. (Inventor); Smith, P. D. (Inventor); Stebbins, F. J. (Inventor); Wesselski, C. J. (Inventor)

1986-01-01

A triangular space station deployable in orbit is described. The framework is comprized of three trusses, formed of a pair of generally planar faces consistine of foldable struts. The struts expand and lock into rigid structural engagement forming a repetition of equilater triangles and nonfolding diagonal struts interconnecting the two faces. The struts are joined together by node fittings. The framework can be packaged into a size and configuration transportable by a space shuttle. When deployed, the framework provides a large work/construction area and ample planar surface area for solar panels and thermal radiators. A plurity of modules are secured to the framework and then joined by tunnels to make an interconnected modular display. Thruster units for the space station orientation and altitude maintenance are provided.

Space Science

NASA Image and Video Library

1999-04-01

NASA's Space Optics Manufacturing Center has been working to expand our view of the universe via sophisticated new telescopes. The Optics Center's goal is to develop low-cost, advanced space optics technologies for the NASA program in the 21st century - including the long-term goal of imaging Earth-like planets in distant solar systems. To reduce the cost of mirror fabrication, Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) has developed replication techniques, the machinery, and materials to replicate electro-formed nickel mirrors. Optics replication uses reusable forms, called mandrels, to make telescope mirrors ready for final finishing. MSFC optical physicist Bill Jones monitors a device used to chill a mandrel, causing it to shrink and separate from the telescope mirror without deforming the mirror's precisely curved surface.

Copper Disk Manufactured at the Space Optics Manufacturing and Technology Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

This king-size copper disk, manufactured at the Space Optics Manufacturing and Technology Center (SOMTC) at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), is a special mold for making high resolution monitor screens. This master mold will be used to make several other molds, each capable of forming hundreds of screens that have a type of lens called a Fresnel lens. Weighing much less than conventional optics, Fresnel lenses have multiple concentric grooves, each formed to a precise angle, that together create the curvature needed to focus and project images. MSFC leads NASA's space optics manufacturing technology development as a technology leader for diamond turning. The machine used to manufacture this mold is among many one-of-a-kind pieces of equipment of MSFC's SOMTC.

Crystallization and crystal manipulation of a steric chaperone in complex with its lipase substrate

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pauwels, Kris, E-mail: krpauwel@vub.ac.be; Loris, Remy; Vandenbussche, Guy

2005-08-01

Crystals of the lipase of B. glumae in complex with its specific foldase were obtained in two forms. Crystallization, crystal manipulation and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis are described. Bacterial lipases that are secreted via the type II secretion pathway require a lipase-specific foldase in order to obtain their native and biologically active conformation in the periplasmic space. The lipase–foldase complex from Burkholderia glumae (319 and 333 residues, respectively) was crystallized in two crystal forms. One crystal form belongs to space group P3{sub 1}21 (P3{sub 2}21), with unit-cell parameters a = b = 122.3, c = 98.2 Å. A procedure ismore » presented which improved the diffraction of these crystals from ∼5 to 2.95 Å. For the second crystal form, which belonged to space group C2 with unit-cell parameters a = 183.0, b = 75.7, c = 116.6 Å, X-ray data were collected to 1.85 Å.« less

OAST Space Theme Workshop. Volume 3: Working group summary. 7: Material (M-1). A. Statement. B. Technology needs (form 1). C. Priority assessment (form 2)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1976-01-01

The approach of matching technology areas with various themes needs was not effective for the materials and thermal control discipline because of the diversity of requirements for each. Top priorities were evolved from the advanced space transportation system and the space power platform because these are essential building blocks in fulfilling some of the other themes. Important needs identified include life long-life cryogenic cooling systems for sensors, masers, and other devices and the needs for lightweight nuclear shielding materials for nuclear electric propulsion.

Positive phase space distributions and uncertainty relations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kruger, Jan

1993-01-01

In contrast to a widespread belief, Wigner's theorem allows the construction of true joint probabilities in phase space for distributions describing the object system as well as for distributions depending on the measurement apparatus. The fundamental role of Heisenberg's uncertainty relations in Schroedinger form (including correlations) is pointed out for these two possible interpretations of joint probability distributions. Hence, in order that a multivariate normal probability distribution in phase space may correspond to a Wigner distribution of a pure or a mixed state, it is necessary and sufficient that Heisenberg's uncertainty relation in Schroedinger form should be satisfied.

Space form of motionsickness

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Komendantov, G. L.; Kopanev, V. I.

1975-01-01

Spacesickness under weightlessness conditions is explained mainly by disruption of the activity of the functional system perceiving space and participating in carrying out the balancing function, consisting, in particular, of the vestibular, proprioceptive, interoceptive, visual and cutaneomechanical analyzers. It can be assumed that, under specific conditions, Coriolis acceleration also is a cause of spacesickness. Adaptation is possible by formation of a new functional system which is adequate to the new mechanical conditions of weightlessness. Selection, training, creation of optimum conditions in the spacecraft cabin, medicinal, and technical improvement of spacecraft play an important role in prophylaxis of the space form of seasickness.

User-Friendly Interface Developed for a Web-Based Service for SpaceCAL Emulations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Liszka, Kathy J.; Holtz, Allen P.

2004-01-01

A team at the NASA Glenn Research Center is developing a Space Communications Architecture Laboratory (SpaceCAL) for protocol development activities for coordinated satellite missions. SpaceCAL will provide a multiuser, distributed system to emulate space-based Internet architectures, backbone networks, formation clusters, and constellations. As part of a new effort in 2003, building blocks are being defined for an open distributed system to make the satellite emulation test bed accessible through an Internet connection. The first step in creating a Web-based service to control the emulation remotely is providing a user-friendly interface for encoding the data into a well-formed and complete Extensible Markup Language (XML) document. XML provides coding that allows data to be transferred between dissimilar systems. Scenario specifications include control parameters, network routes, interface bandwidths, delay, and bit error rate. Specifications for all satellite, instruments, and ground stations in a given scenario are also included in the XML document. For the SpaceCAL emulation, the XML document can be created using XForms, a Webbased forms language for data collection. Contrary to older forms technology, the interactive user interface makes the science prevalent, not the data representation. Required versus optional input fields, default values, automatic calculations, data validation, and reuse will help researchers quickly and accurately define missions. XForms can apply any XML schema defined for the test mission to validate data before forwarding it to the emulation facility. New instrument definitions, facilities, and mission types can be added to the existing schema. The first prototype user interface incorporates components for interactive input and form processing. Internet address, data rate, and the location of the facility are implemented with basic form controls with default values provided for convenience and efficiency using basic XForms operations. Because different emulation scenarios will vary widely in their component structure, more complex operations are used to add and delete facilities.

Third Spaces of Dialogue for Multi-Faith Realities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zaver, Arzina

2013-01-01

This article focuses on the need for dialogue in the form of a "third space" for multi-faith realities. In exploring the idea of a "third space," the author draws on the use of the term borrowed from Homi Bahha. Third space, as it is defined in the context of this article, understands the complexities of hybridity, or multiple…

Strategic avionics technology definition studies. Subtask 3-1A: Electrical Actuation (ELA) systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pond, Charles L.; Mcdermott, William A.; Lum, Ben T. F.

1993-01-01

Electrical actuator (ELA) power efficiency and requirements are examined for space system application. Requirements for Space Shuttle effector systems are presented, along with preliminary ELA trades and selection to form a preliminary ELA system baseline. Power and energy requirements for this baseline ELA system are applicable to the Space Shuttle and similar space vehicles.

Research on the reasonable pile spacing of micro pile composite soil nailing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Jun yan; Liu, Yan; Song, Xiang hua

2017-08-01

Through the numerical simulation software FLAC3D, study on the synergetic effect of micro pile composite soil nailing will be studied. By adjusting the micro pile spacing and analysing the displacement field and stress field of soil, we can find that supporting effect of the soil nail hasn’t work yet when the micro pile spacing is 2D. The soil arching between piles has been formed in the pile spacing 4D ∼ 6D. The composite effect of micro pile and soil nailing will be the best and the soil arch behind piles will be firstly formed in 6D, the horizontal saddle soil arch will be formed between the nails. The nail head coincidence pressure area and micro pile pressure area are overlapping to maintain stability in the soil between piles. When the micro pile spacing is 9D, the arch behind piles will be failure, the soil flows around, but the saddle arch between the nails into circular arch, the supporting effect of the soil nailing is enhanced. When the micro pile spacing is 12D, the arch of the nails becomes smaller, sliding surface appears primitively. Based on the conclusions above, it is suggested that the micro pile spacing between 2D ∼ 6D is suitable for the micro pile and soil nailing composite support. The conclusion can provide theoretical basis for the design and construction of micro pile composite soil nailing.

SpaceCube Version 1.5

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Geist, Alessandro; Lin, Michael; Flatley, Tom; Petrick, David

2013-01-01

SpaceCube 1.5 is a high-performance and low-power system in a compact form factor. It is a hybrid processing system consisting of CPU (central processing unit), FPGA (field-programmable gate array), and DSP (digital signal processor) processing elements. The primary processing engine is the Virtex- 5 FX100T FPGA, which has two embedded processors. The SpaceCube 1.5 System was a bridge to the SpaceCube 2.0 and SpaceCube 2.0 Mini processing systems. The SpaceCube 1.5 system was the primary avionics in the successful SMART (Small Rocket/Spacecraft Technology) Sounding Rocket mission that was launched in the summer of 2011. For SMART and similar missions, an avionics processor is required that is reconfigurable, has high processing capability, has multi-gigabit interfaces, is low power, and comes in a rugged/compact form factor. The original SpaceCube 1.0 met a number of the criteria, but did not possess the multi-gigabit interfaces that were required and is a higher-cost system. The SpaceCube 1.5 was designed with those mission requirements in mind. The SpaceCube 1.5 features one Xilinx Virtex-5 FX100T FPGA and has excellent size, weight, and power characteristics [4×4×3 in. (approx. = 10×10×8 cm), 3 lb (approx. = 1.4 kg), and 5 to 15 W depending on the application]. The estimated computing power of the two PowerPC 440s in the Virtex-5 FPGA is 1100 DMIPS each. The SpaceCube 1.5 includes two Gigabit Ethernet (1 Gbps) interfaces as well as two SATA-I/II interfaces (1.5 to 3.0 Gbps) for recording to data drives. The SpaceCube 1.5 also features DDR2 SDRAM (double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory); 4- Gbit Flash for storing application code for the CPU, FPGA, and DSP processing elements; and a Xilinx Platform Flash XL to store FPGA configuration files or application code. The system also incorporates a 12 bit analog to digital converter with the ability to read 32 discrete analog sensor inputs. The SpaceCube 1.5 design also has a built-in accelerometer. In addition, the system has 12 receive and transmit RS- 422 interfaces for legacy support. The SpaceCube 1.5 processor card represents the first NASA Goddard design in a compact form factor featuring the Xilinx Virtex- 5. The SpaceCube 1.5 incorporates backward compatibility with the Space- Cube 1.0 form factor and stackable architecture. It also makes use of low-cost commercial parts, but is designed for operation in harsh environments.

Overview of DOE space nuclear propulsion programs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Newhouse, Alan R.

1993-01-01

An overview of Department of Energy space nuclear propulsion programs is presented in outline and graphic form. DOE's role in the development and safety assurance of space nuclear propulsion is addressed. Testing issues and facilities are discussed along with development needs and recent research activities.

Mapping Children--Mapping Space.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pick, Herbert L., Jr.

Research is underway concerning the way the perception, conception, and representation of spatial layout develops. Three concepts are important here--space itself, frame of reference, and cognitive map. Cognitive map refers to a form of representation of the behavioral space, not paired associate or serial response learning. Other criteria…

Measuring the Value of AI in Space Science and Exploration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blair, B.; Parr, J.; Diamond, B.; Pittman, B.; Rasky, D.

2017-10-01

FDL is tackling knowledge gaps useful to the space program by forming small teams of industrial partners, cutting-edge AI researchers and space science domain experts, and tasking them to solve problems that are important to NASA as well as humanity's future.

Dispersive analysis of the pion transition form factor.

PubMed

Hoferichter, M; Kubis, B; Leupold, S; Niecknig, F; Schneider, S P

We analyze the pion transition form factor using dispersion theory. We calculate the singly-virtual form factor in the time-like region based on data for the [Formula: see text] cross section, generalizing previous studies on [Formula: see text] decays and [Formula: see text] scattering, and verify our result by comparing to [Formula: see text] data. We perform the analytic continuation to the space-like region, predicting the poorly-constrained space-like transition form factor below [Formula: see text], and extract the slope of the form factor at vanishing momentum transfer [Formula: see text]. We derive the dispersive formalism necessary for the extension of these results to the doubly-virtual case, as required for the pion-pole contribution to hadronic light-by-light scattering in the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon.

Fuzzy topological digital space and digital fuzzy spline of electroencephalography during epileptic seizures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shah, Mazlina Muzafar; Wahab, Abdul Fatah

2017-08-01

Epilepsy disease occurs because of there is a temporary electrical disturbance in a group of brain cells (nurons). The recording of electrical signals come from the human brain which can be collected from the scalp of the head is called Electroencephalography (EEG). EEG then considered in digital format and in fuzzy form makes it a fuzzy digital space data form. The purpose of research is to identify the area (curve and surface) in fuzzy digital space affected by inside epilepsy seizure in epileptic patient's brain. The main focus for this research is to generalize fuzzy topological digital space, definition and basic operation also the properties by using digital fuzzy set and the operations. By using fuzzy digital space, the theory of digital fuzzy spline can be introduced to replace grid data that has been use previously to get better result. As a result, the flat of EEG can be fuzzy topological digital space and this type of data can be use to interpolate the digital fuzzy spline.

Formation of buckminsterfullerene (C60) in interstellar space

PubMed Central

Berné, Olivier; Tielens, A. G. G. M.

2012-01-01

Buckminsterfullerene (C60) was recently confirmed as the largest molecule identified in space. However, it remains unclear how and where this molecule is formed. It is generally believed that C60 is formed from the buildup of small carbonaceous compounds in the hot and dense envelopes of evolved stars. Analyzing infrared observations, obtained by Spitzer and Herschel, we found that C60 is efficiently formed in the tenuous and cold environment of an interstellar cloud illuminated by strong ultraviolet (UV) radiation fields. This implies that another formation pathway, efficient at low densities, must exist. Based on recent laboratory and theoretical studies, we argue that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are converted into graphene, and subsequently C60, under UV irradiation from massive stars. This shows that alternative—top-down—routes are key to understanding the organic inventory in space. PMID:22198841

Formation of buckminsterfullerene (C60) in interstellar space.

PubMed

Berné, Olivier; Tielens, A G G M

2012-01-10

Buckminsterfullerene (C(60)) was recently confirmed as the largest molecule identified in space. However, it remains unclear how and where this molecule is formed. It is generally believed that C(60) is formed from the buildup of small carbonaceous compounds in the hot and dense envelopes of evolved stars. Analyzing infrared observations, obtained by Spitzer and Herschel, we found that C(60) is efficiently formed in the tenuous and cold environment of an interstellar cloud illuminated by strong ultraviolet (UV) radiation fields. This implies that another formation pathway, efficient at low densities, must exist. Based on recent laboratory and theoretical studies, we argue that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are converted into graphene, and subsequently C(60), under UV irradiation from massive stars. This shows that alternative--top-down--routes are key to understanding the organic inventory in space.

Formation of buckminsterfullerene (C60) in interstellar space

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berné, Olivier; Tielens, Alexander G. G. M.

2012-01-01

Buckminsterfullerene (C60) was recently confirmed to be the largest molecule identified in space. However, it remains unclear how, and where this molecule is formed. It is generally believed that C60 is formed from the build up of small carbonaceous compounds, in the hot and dense envelopes of evolved stars. Analyzing infrared observations, obtained by Spitzer and Herschel, we found that C60 is efficiently formed in the tenuous and cold environment of an interstellar cloud illuminated by strong ultraviolet (UV) radiation fields. This implies that another formation pathway, efficient at low densities, must exist. Based on recent laboratory and theoretical studies, we argue that Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons are converted into graphene, and subsequently C60, under UV irradiation from massive stars. This shows that alternative - top-down - routes are key to understanding the organic inventory in space.

de Sitter space as a tensor network: Cosmic no-hair, complementarity, and complexity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bao, Ning; Cao, ChunJun; Carroll, Sean M.; Chatwin-Davies, Aidan

2017-12-01

We investigate the proposed connection between de Sitter spacetime and the multiscale entanglement renormalization ansatz (MERA) tensor network, and ask what can be learned via such a construction. We show that the quantum state obeys a cosmic no-hair theorem: the reduced density operator describing a causal patch of the MERA asymptotes to a fixed point of a quantum channel, just as spacetimes with a positive cosmological constant asymptote to de Sitter space. The MERA is potentially compatible with a weak form of complementarity (local physics only describes single patches at a time, but the overall Hilbert space is infinite dimensional) or, with certain specific modifications to the tensor structure, a strong form (the entire theory describes only a single patch plus its horizon, in a finite-dimensional Hilbert space). We also suggest that de Sitter evolution has an interpretation in terms of circuit complexity, as has been conjectured for anti-de Sitter space.

Comparing artistic and geometrical perspective depictions of space in the visual field

PubMed Central

Baldwin, Joseph; Burleigh, Alistair; Pepperell, Robert

2014-01-01

Which is the most accurate way to depict space in our visual field? Linear perspective, a form of geometrical perspective, has traditionally been regarded as the correct method of depicting visual space. But artists have often found it is limited in the angle of view it can depict; wide-angle scenes require uncomfortably close picture viewing distances or impractical degrees of enlargement to be seen properly. Other forms of geometrical perspective, such as fisheye projections, can represent wider views but typically produce pictures in which objects appear distorted. In this study we created an artistic rendering of a hemispherical visual space that encompassed the full visual field. We compared it to a number of geometrical perspective projections of the same space by asking participants to rate which best matched their visual experience. We found the artistic rendering performed significantly better than the geometrically generated projections. PMID:26034563

Comparing artistic and geometrical perspective depictions of space in the visual field.

PubMed

Baldwin, Joseph; Burleigh, Alistair; Pepperell, Robert

2014-01-01

Which is the most accurate way to depict space in our visual field? Linear perspective, a form of geometrical perspective, has traditionally been regarded as the correct method of depicting visual space. But artists have often found it is limited in the angle of view it can depict; wide-angle scenes require uncomfortably close picture viewing distances or impractical degrees of enlargement to be seen properly. Other forms of geometrical perspective, such as fisheye projections, can represent wider views but typically produce pictures in which objects appear distorted. In this study we created an artistic rendering of a hemispherical visual space that encompassed the full visual field. We compared it to a number of geometrical perspective projections of the same space by asking participants to rate which best matched their visual experience. We found the artistic rendering performed significantly better than the geometrically generated projections.

The discovery of structural form

PubMed Central

Kemp, Charles; Tenenbaum, Joshua B.

2008-01-01

Algorithms for finding structure in data have become increasingly important both as tools for scientific data analysis and as models of human learning, yet they suffer from a critical limitation. Scientists discover qualitatively new forms of structure in observed data: For instance, Linnaeus recognized the hierarchical organization of biological species, and Mendeleev recognized the periodic structure of the chemical elements. Analogous insights play a pivotal role in cognitive development: Children discover that object category labels can be organized into hierarchies, friendship networks are organized into cliques, and comparative relations (e.g., “bigger than” or “better than”) respect a transitive order. Standard algorithms, however, can only learn structures of a single form that must be specified in advance: For instance, algorithms for hierarchical clustering create tree structures, whereas algorithms for dimensionality-reduction create low-dimensional spaces. Here, we present a computational model that learns structures of many different forms and that discovers which form is best for a given dataset. The model makes probabilistic inferences over a space of graph grammars representing trees, linear orders, multidimensional spaces, rings, dominance hierarchies, cliques, and other forms and successfully discovers the underlying structure of a variety of physical, biological, and social domains. Our approach brings structure learning methods closer to human abilities and may lead to a deeper computational understanding of cognitive development. PMID:18669663

Interactive Astronomy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Jean K.

1997-01-01

Presents guiding principles for developing interactive lessons for the World Wide Web. Describes "Amazing Space: Education Online from the Hubble Space Telescope", a program where students study spectacular Hubble Space Telescope images of stars and star-forming regions to learn about the life cycle of stars and the creation of atoms. (JRH)

46 CFR 147.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... navigation; workshops, other than those forming part of machinery spaces; and store rooms adjacent to these spaces. Combustible liquid means combustible liquid as the term is defined in 49 CFR 173.120(b... § 147.3 Definitions. As used in this part: Accommodation, control, or service spaces means living...

46 CFR 147.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... navigation; workshops, other than those forming part of machinery spaces; and store rooms adjacent to these spaces. Combustible liquid means combustible liquid as the term is defined in 49 CFR 173.120(b... § 147.3 Definitions. As used in this part: Accommodation, control, or service spaces means living...

46 CFR 147.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... navigation; workshops, other than those forming part of machinery spaces; and store rooms adjacent to these spaces. Combustible liquid means combustible liquid as the term is defined in 49 CFR 173.120(b... § 147.3 Definitions. As used in this part: Accommodation, control, or service spaces means living...

46 CFR 147.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... navigation; workshops, other than those forming part of machinery spaces; and store rooms adjacent to these spaces. Combustible liquid means combustible liquid as the term is defined in 49 CFR 173.120(b... § 147.3 Definitions. As used in this part: Accommodation, control, or service spaces means living...

46 CFR 147.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... navigation; workshops, other than those forming part of machinery spaces; and store rooms adjacent to these spaces. Combustible liquid means combustible liquid as the term is defined in 49 CFR 173.120(b... § 147.3 Definitions. As used in this part: Accommodation, control, or service spaces means living...

Probabilistic structural analysis methods for space transportation propulsion systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chamis, C. C.; Moore, N.; Anis, C.; Newell, J.; Nagpal, V.; Singhal, S.

1991-01-01

Information on probabilistic structural analysis methods for space propulsion systems is given in viewgraph form. Information is given on deterministic certification methods, probability of failure, component response analysis, stress responses for 2nd stage turbine blades, Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) structural durability, and program plans. .

Subperitoneal extension of disease processes between the chest, abdomen, and the pelvis.

PubMed

Osman, Sherif; Moshiri, Mariam; Robinson, Tracy J; Gunn, Martin; Lehnert, Bruce; Sundarkumar, Dinesh; Katz, Douglas S

2015-08-01

The subserous space is a large, anatomically continuous potential space that interconnects the chest, abdomen, and pelvis. The subserous space is formed from areolar and adipose tissue, and contains branches of the vascular, lymphatic, and nervous systems. As such, it provides one large continuous space in which many disease processes can spread between the chest, abdomen, and the pelvis.

Low temperature storage container for transporting perishables to space station

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Owen, James W. (Inventor); Dean, William G. (Inventor)

1989-01-01

Two storage containers are disclosed within which food or biological samples may be stored for transfer in a module by the space shuttle to a space station while maintaining the food or samples at very low temperatures. The container is formed in two parts, each part having an inner shell and an outer shell disposed about the inner shell. The space between the shells is filled with a continuous wrap multi-layer insulation and a getter material. The two parts of the container have interlocking members and when connected together are sealed for preventing leakage from the space between the shells. After the two parts are filled with frozen food or samples they are connected together and a vacuum is drawn in the space between the shells and the container is stored in the module. For the extremely low temperature requirements of biological samples, an internal liner having a phase change material charged by a refrigerant coil is disposed in the space between the shells, and the container is formed from glass fiber material including honeycomb structural elements. All surfaces of the glass fiber which face the vacuum space are lined with a metal foil.

The ability to survive intracellular freezing in nematodes is related to the pattern and distribution of ice formed.

PubMed

Raymond, Méliane R; Wharton, David A

2016-07-01

A few species of nematodes can survive extensive intracellular freezing throughout all their tissues, an event that is usually thought to be fatal to cells. How are they able to survive in this remarkable way? The pattern and distribution of ice formed, after freezing at -10°C, can be observed using freeze substitution and transmission electron microscopy, which preserves the former position of ice as white spaces. We compared the pattern and distribution of ice formed in a nematode that survives intracellular freezing well (Panagrolaimus sp. DAW1), one that survives poorly (Panagrellus redivivus) and one with intermediate levels of survival (Plectus murrayi). We also examined Panagrolaimus sp. in which the survival of freezing had been compromised by starvation. Levels of survival were as expected and the use of vital dyes indicated cellular damage in those that survived poorly (starved Panagrolaimus sp. and P. murrayi). In fed Panagrolaimus sp. the intracellular ice spaces were small and uniform, whereas in P. redivivus and starved Panagrolaimus sp. there were some large spaces that may be causing cellular damage. The pattern and distribution of ice formed was different in P. murrayi, with a greater number of individuals having no ice or only small intracellular ice spaces. Control of the size of the ice formed is thus important for the survival of intracellular freezing in nematodes. © 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

The Wake Shield Facility: A space experiment platform

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Allen, Joseph P.

1991-01-01

Information is given in viewgraph form on Wakeshield, a space experiment platform. The Wake Shield Facility (WSF) flight program objectives, product applications, commercial development approach, and cooperative experiments are listed. The program objectives are to produce new industry-driven electronic, magnetic, and superconducting thin-film materials and devices both in terrestrial laboratories and in space; utilize the ultra-vacuum of space for thin film epitaxial growth and materials processing; and develop commercial space hardware for research and development and enhanced access to space.

The space shuttle payload planning working groups. Volume 10: Space technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

The findings and recommendations of the Space Technology group of the space shuttle payload planning activity are presented. The elements of the space technology program are: (1) long duration exposure facility, (2) advanced technology laboratory, (3) physics and chemistry laboratory, (4) contamination experiments, and (5) laser information/data transmission technology. The space technology mission model is presented in tabular form. The proposed experiments to be conducted by each test facility are described. Recommended approaches for user community interfacing are included.

Space Separatism: Degree of Differentiation

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-01

Separate Service” (Norfolk, VA: Joint Forces Staff College, 6 September 2002); MAJ William S. Moncrief , “Building a United States Space Force,” Army Space...unclassified b. ABSTRACT unclassified c . THIS PAGE unclassified Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 November–December 2014 Air...FY14_Green_Book.pdf. 32. Story, “Separate Space Force,” 2–5. 33. Moncrief , “Building a United States Space Force,” 34–38. 34. DODD 3100.10, Space Policy, 3. 35. Lt

On the Essence of Space

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kalanov, Temur Z.

2003-04-01

A new theory of space is suggested. It represents the new point of view which has arisen from the critical analysis of the foundations of physics (in particular the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics), mathematics, cosmology and philosophy. The main idea following from the analysis is that the concept of movement represents a key to understanding of the essence of space. The starting-point of the theory is represented by the following philosophical (dialectical materialistic) principles. (a) The principle of the materiality (of the objective reality) of the Nature: the Nature (the Universe) is a system (a set) of material objects (particles, bodies, fields); each object has properties, features, and the properties, the features are inseparable characteristics of material object and belong only to material object. (b) The principle of the existence of material object: an object exists as the objective reality, and movement is a form of existence of object. (c) The principle (definition) of movement of object: the movement is change (i.e. transition of some states into others) in general; the movement determines a direction, and direction characterizes the movement. (d) The principle of existence of time: the time exists as the parameter of the system of reference. These principles lead to the following statements expressing the essence of space. (1) There is no space in general, and there exist space only as a form of existence of the properties and features of the object. It means that the space is a set of the measures of the object (the measure is the philosophical category meaning unity of the qualitative and quantitative determinacy of the object). In other words, the space of the object is a set of the states of the object. (2) The states of the object are manifested only in a system of reference. The main informational property of the unitary system researched physical object + system of reference is that the system of reference determines (measures, calculates) the parameters of the subsystem researched physical object (for example, the coordinates of the object M); the parameters characterize the system of reference (for example, the system of coordinates S). (3) Each parameter of the object is its measure. Total number of the mutually independent parameters of the object is called dimension of the space of the object. (4) The set of numerical values (i.e. the range, the spectrum) of each parameter is the subspace of the object. (The coordinate space, the momentum space and the energy space are examples of the subspaces of the object). (5) The set of the parameters of the object is divided into two non intersecting (opposite) classes: the class of the internal parameters and the class of the non internal (i.e. external) parameters. The class of the external parameters is divided into two non intersecting (opposite) subclasses: the subclass of the absolute parameters (characterizing the form, the sizes of the object) and the subclass of the non absolute (relative) parameters (characterizing the position, the coordinates of the object). (6) Set of the external parameters forms the external space of object. It is called geometrical space of object. (7) Since a macroscopic object has three mutually independent sizes, the dimension of its external absolute space is equal to three. Consequently, the dimension of its external relative space is also equal to three. Thus, the total dimension of the external space of the macroscopic object is equal to six. (8) In general case, the external absolute space (i.e. the form, the sizes) and the external relative space (i.e. the position, the coordinates) of any object are mutually dependent because of influence of a medium. The geometrical space of such object is called non Euclidean space. If the external absolute space and the external relative space of some object are mutually independent, then the external relative space of such object is the homogeneous and isotropic geometrical space. It is called Euclidean space of the object. Consequences: (i) the question of true geometry of the Universe is incorrect; (ii) the theory of relativity has no physical meaning.

OAST Space Theme Workshop. Volume 2: Theme summary. 2: Space industrialization (no. 8). A. Theme statement. B. 26 April 1976 presentation. C. Summary statement. D. Initiative action (form 5)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1976-01-01

Enabling technology needs and other requirements to support space industrialization include: large space structures; fabrication and joining processes; single stage to orbit and heavy lift launch vehicles; nuclear and solar space power systems; robotics, manipulators, and teleoperators; biotechnology in space; artificial gravity; the utilization of lunar materials for construction; and the extraction of oxygen and metals from lunar resources. New initiatives (FY 1978) directly supportive or partly related to space industrialization are listed.

Multilayer capacitor suitable for substrate integration and multimegahertz filtering

DOEpatents

Ngo, Khai D. T.

1990-01-01

A multilayer capacitor comprises stacked, spaced-apart electrodes of sheet form, dielectric layers between the electrodes, and first and second groups of spaced-apart conductive vias extending transversely of the sheet-form electrodes and through aligned holes in the dielectric layers. Alternate electrodes are instantaneously positive, and the remaining electrodes are instantaneously negative. Each via of the first group is electrically connected to the positive electrodes and passes insulatingly through the negative electrodes. Similarly, each via of the second group is electrically connected to the negative electrodes and passes insulatingly through the positive electrodes. Each via has, in the plane of the electrodes, a cross-sectional form in the shape of an elongated rib of greater length than width. The elongated ribs of the first group are disposed in a first plurality of rows with their lengths in spaced-apart, aligned relationship, and the ribs of the second group are disposed in a second plurality of rows with their lengths in spaced-apart, aligned relationship. The first plurality of rows is disposed substantially orthogonally with respect to the second plurality of rows.

Microgravity

NASA Image and Video Library

1985-08-08

The lack of normal convection in microgravity is demonstrated by a carbonated soft drink floating in the middeck of the Space Shuttle. While the droplet is oscillating slightly and starting to assume a spherical shape, it is filled with carbon dioxide bubbles in a range of sizes. On Earth, the bubbles would quickly foat up to form a head. In space, they are suspended. They may drift with time and eventually the surface tension between individual bubbles breaks, allowing larger bubbles to form. This image was taken during STS-51F mission (Spacelab 2) which carried test models of dispensers from two pupular soft drink manufacturers. Photo credit: NASA/Johnson Space Center (JSC)

Study of the effects of the outer space environment on dormant forms of microorganisms, fungi and plants in the `Expose-R' experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Novikova, N.; Deshevaya, E.; Levinskikh, M.; Polikarpov, N.; Poddubko, S.; Gusev, O.

2015-01-01

Investigations of the effects of solar radiation combined with the spaceflight factors on biological objects were performed in the «EXPOSE-R» experiment on the outer surface of ISS. After more than 1 year of outer space exposure, the spores of microorganisms and fungi, as well as two species of plant seeds were analysed for viability and the set of biological properties. The experiment provided evidence that not only bacterial and fungal spores but also dormant forms of plants had the capability to survive a long-term exposure to outer space.

Implementation of control point form of algebraic grid-generation technique

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Choo, Yung K.; Miller, David P.; Reno, Charles J.

1991-01-01

The control point form (CPF) provides explicit control of physical grid shape and grid spacing through the movement of the control points. The control point array, called a control net, is a space grid type arrangement of locations in physical space with an index for each direction. As an algebraic method CPF is efficient and works well with interactive computer graphics. A family of menu-driven, interactive grid-generation computer codes (TURBO) is being developed by using CPF. Key features of TurboI (a TURBO member) are discussed and typical results are presented. TurboI runs on any IRIS 4D series workstation.

Growth of zeolite crystals in the microgravity environment of space

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sacco, A., Jr.; Sand, L. B.; Collette, D.; Dieselman, K.; Crowley, J.; Feitelberg, A.

1986-01-01

Zeolites are hydrated, crystalline aluminosilicates with alkali and alkaling earth metals substituted into cation vacancies. Typically zeolite crystals are 3 to 8 microns. Larger cyrstals are desirable. Large zeolite crystals were produced (100 to 200 microns); however, they have taken restrictively long times to grow. It was proposed if the rate of nucleation or in some other way the number of nuclei can be lowered, fewer, larger crystals will be formed. The microgravity environment of space may provide an ideal condition to achieve rapid growth of large zeolite crystals. The objective of the project is to establish if large zeolite crystals can be formed rapidly in space.

14 CFR 1260.59A - Invention reporting and rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Invention reporting and rights. 1260.59A Section 1260.59A Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION GRANTS AND... operation thereof. (c) Reporting shall be made on NASA Form 1679 Disclosure of Invention and New Technology...

14 CFR 1260.59A - Invention reporting and rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Invention reporting and rights. 1260.59A Section 1260.59A Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION GRANTS AND... operation thereof. (c) Reporting shall be made on NASA Form 1679 Disclosure of Invention and New Technology...

14 CFR 1260.59A - Invention reporting and rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Invention reporting and rights. 1260.59A Section 1260.59A Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION GRANTS AND... operation thereof. (c) Reporting shall be made on NASA Form 1679 Disclosure of Invention and New Technology...

Cryocoolers for Space

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Castles, Stephen

2000-01-01

This paper presents Cryocoolers for Space in viewgraph form. The topics include: 1) U.S. Cryocoolers for 4 to 6 Kelvin; 2) Turbo Brayton Cryocooler-Features; 3) HST/NICMOS (Hubble Space Telescope/Near Infrared Camera and Multiobject Spectrometer) 75 Kelvin Cryocooler; 4) Turbo-Brayton Cryocooler-NGST Design; and 5) Two-stage Sorption J-T Cryocooler.

Hubble Space Telescope approaches Shuttle Endeavour

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-12-04

STS061-93-031 (4 Dec 1993) --- Part of the vast Indian Ocean forms the backdrop for this scene of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) as it approaches the Space Shuttle Endeavour. Denham Sound and Shark Bay, on Australia's west coast, are just below the waiting mechanical arm at lower right corner.

48 CFR 1852.228-78 - Cross-waiver of liability for NASA expendable launch vehicle launches.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... space exploration, use, and investment. The purpose of this clause is to extend this cross-waiver... Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND... shall be broadly construed to achieve the objective of encouraging participation in space activities. (b...

47 CFR 25.116 - Amendments to applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...” space station applications, within the meaning of § 25.112 will not be considered. (c) Any application.... Amendments to space station applications must be filed on Form 312 and Schedule S. Amendments to space... amendment resolves frequency conflicts with authorized stations or other pending applications but does not...

47 CFR 25.116 - Amendments to applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...” space station applications, within the meaning of § 25.112 will not be considered. (c) Any application.... Amendments to space station applications must be filed on Form 312 and Schedule S. Amendments to space... amendment resolves frequency conflicts with authorized stations or other pending applications but does not...

Space Weathering on Airless Bodies.

PubMed

Pieters, Carle M; Noble, Sarah K

2016-10-01

Space weathering refers to alteration that occurs in the space environment with time. Lunar samples, and to some extent meteorites, have provided a benchmark for understanding the processes and products of space weathering. Lunar soils are derived principally from local materials but have accumulated a range of optically active opaque particles (OAOpq) that include nanophase metallic iron on/in rims formed on individual grains (imparting a red slope to visible and near-infrared reflectance) and larger iron particles (which darken across all wavelengths) such as are often found within the interior of recycled grains. Space weathering of other anhydrous silicate bodies, such as Mercury and some asteroids, produce different forms and relative abundance of OAOpq particles depending on the particular environment. If the development of OAOpq particles is minimized (such as at Vesta), contamination by exogenic material and regolith mixing become the dominant space weathering processes. Volatile-rich bodies and those composed of abundant hydrous minerals (dwarf planet Ceres, many dark asteroids, outer solar system satellites) are affected by space weathering processes differently than the silicate bodies of the inner solar system. However, the space weathering products of these bodies are currently poorly understood and the physics and chemistry of space weathering processes in different environments are areas of active research.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Akkelin, S.V.; Sinyukov, Yu.M.

A method allowing analysis of the overpopulation of phase space in heavy ion collisions in a model-independent way is proposed within the hydrodynamic approach. It makes it possible to extract a chemical potential of thermal pions at freeze-out, irrespective of the form of freeze-out (isothermal) hypersurface in Minkowski space and transverse flows on it. The contributions of resonance (with masses up to 2 GeV) decays to spectra, interferometry volumes, and phase-space densities are calculated and discussed in detail. The estimates of average phase-space densities and chemical potentials of thermal pions are obtained for SPS and RHIC energies. They demonstrate thatmore » multibosonic phenomena at those energies might be considered as a correction factor rather than as a significant physical effect. The analysis of the evolution of the pion average phase-space density in chemically frozen hadron systems shows that it is almost constant or slightly increases with time while the particle density and phase-space density at each space point decreases rapidly during the system's expansion. We found that, unlike the particle density, the average phase-space density has no direct link to the freeze-out criterion and final thermodynamic parameters, being connected rather to the initial phase-space density of hadronic matter formed in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions.« less

The Volume Field Model about Strong Interaction and Weak Interaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Rongwu

2016-03-01

For a long time researchers have believed that strong interaction and weak interaction are realized by exchanging intermediate particles. This article proposes a new mechanism as follows: Volume field is a form of material existence in plane space, it takes volume-changing motion in the form of non-continuous motion, volume fields have strong interaction or weak interaction between them by overlapping their volume fields. Based on these concepts, this article further proposes a ``bag model'' of volume field for atomic nucleus, which includes three sub-models of the complex structure of fundamental body (such as quark), the atom-like structure of hadron, and the molecule-like structure of atomic nucleus. This article also proposes a plane space model and formulates a physics model of volume field in the plane space, as well as a model of space-time conversion. The model of space-time conversion suggests that: Point space-time and plane space-time convert each other by means of merging and rupture respectively, the essence of space-time conversion is the mutual transformations of matter and energy respectively; the process of collision of high energy hadrons, the formation of black hole, and the Big Bang of universe are three kinds of space-time conversions.

Space Weathering on Airless Bodies

PubMed Central

Pieters, Carle M.; Noble, Sarah K.

2018-01-01

Space weathering refers to alteration that occurs in the space environment with time. Lunar samples, and to some extent meteorites, have provided a benchmark for understanding the processes and products of space weathering. Lunar soils are derived principally from local materials but have accumulated a range of optically active opaque particles (OAOpq) that include nanophase metallic iron on/in rims formed on individual grains (imparting a red slope to visible and near-infrared reflectance) and larger iron particles (which darken across all wavelengths) such as are often found within the interior of recycled grains. Space weathering of other anhydrous silicate bodies, such as Mercury and some asteroids, produce different forms and relative abundance of OAOpq particles depending on the particular environment. If the development of OAOpq particles is minimized (such as at Vesta), contamination by exogenic material and regolith mixing become the dominant space weathering processes. Volatile-rich bodies and those composed of abundant hydrous minerals (dwarf planet Ceres, many dark asteroids, outer solar system satellites) are affected by space weathering processes differently than the silicate bodies of the inner solar system. However, the space weathering products of these bodies are currently poorly understood and the physics and chemistry of space weathering processes in different environments are areas of active research. PMID:29862145

Space: the final frontier.

PubMed

Medenbach, James J

2005-11-01

Few things are misunderstood more by biotech startup management teams than the importance of creating working space conductive to innovation and productivity, and compatible with the company's vision. Aesthetics, form and function matter.

41 CFR 61-250.11 - On what form must the data required by this part be submitted?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... boxes. Type of Form: If a reporting organization submits only one VETS-100 Report form for a single location, check the Single Establishment box. If the reporting organization submits more than one form... the space provided. For each form, only one box should be checked within this block. COMPANY...

41 CFR 61-250.11 - On what form must the data required by this part be submitted?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... boxes. Type of Form: If a reporting organization submits only one VETS-100 Report form for a single location, check the Single Establishment box. If the reporting organization submits more than one form... the space provided. For each form, only one box should be checked within this block. COMPANY...

41 CFR 61-250.11 - On what form must the data required by this part be submitted?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... boxes. Type of Form: If a reporting organization submits only one VETS-100 Report form for a single location, check the Single Establishment box. If the reporting organization submits more than one form... the space provided. For each form, only one box should be checked within this block. COMPANY...

On Some Aspects of Study on Dimensions and Proportions of Church Architecture

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kolobaeva, T. V.

2017-11-01

Architecture forms and arranges the environment required for a comfortable life and human activity. The modern principles of architectural space arrangement and form making are represented by a reliable system of buildings which are used in design. Architects apply these principles and knowledge of space arrangement in regard to the study of special and regulatory literature when performing a particular creative task. This system of accumulated knowledge is perceived in the form of an existing stereotype with no regard for understanding of the form making and experience inherent to the architects and thinkers of previous ages. We make an attempt to restore this connection as the form-making specific regularities known by ancient architects should be taken into account. The paper gives an insight into some aspects of traditional dimensions and proportions of church architecture.

Negative ion source with hollow cathode discharge plasma

DOEpatents

Hershcovitch, Ady; Prelec, Krsto

1983-01-01

A negative ion source of the type where negative ions are formed by bombarding a low-work-function surface with positive ions and neutral particles from a plasma, wherein a highly ionized plasma is injected into an anode space containing the low-work-function surface. The plasma is formed by hollow cathode discharge and injected into the anode space along the magnetic field lines. Preferably, the negative ion source is of the magnetron type.

RF Sytems in Space. Volume II. Space-Based Radar Analyses.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-04-01

Electron Environment 124 5.2 Trapped Proton Environment 125 5.3 Average Expected Exposure to Solar Protons 126 5.4 Total Dose Versus Shielding Thickness...degradation will be unacceptable. Unless some form of compensation is employed, the antenna will not meet its design specification over the required...field-of-view. Section 3.2 also evaluates the effectiveness of phase compensation to correct for the aperture distortions. Two forms of phase compensa

Beach-cusp formation

USGS Publications Warehouse

Sallenger, A.H.

1979-01-01

Field experiments on beach-cusp formation were undertaken to document how the cuspate form develops and to test the edge-wave hypothesis on the uniform spacing of cusps. These involved observations of cusps forming from an initially plane foreshore. The cuspate form was observed to be a product of swash modification of an intertidal beach ridge as follows. A ridge, cut by a series of channels quasi-equally spaced along its length, was deposited onto the lower foreshore. The ridge migrated shoreward with flood tide, while the longshore positions of the channels remained fixed. On ebb tide, changes in swash circulation over the ridge allowed the upwash to flow shoreward through the channels and the channel mouths were eroded progressively wider until adjacent mouths met, effecting a cuspate shape. Measured spacings of cusps, ranging in size from less than 1 m to more than 12 m, agree well with computed spacings due to either zero-mode subharmonic or zero-mode synchronous edge waves. Edge-wave-induced longshore variations in run up will cause water ponded behind a ridge to converge at points of low swash and flow seaward as relatively narrow currents eroding channels spaced at one edge-wave wavelength for synchronous edge waves or one half wavelength for subharmonic edge waves. The channels are subsequently modified into cusp troughs as described above.

Realization of bicovariant differential calculus on the Lie algebra type noncommutative spaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meljanac, Stjepan; Krešić–Jurić, Saša; Martinić, Tea

2017-07-01

This paper investigates bicovariant differential calculus on noncommutative spaces of the Lie algebra type. For a given Lie algebra g0, we construct a Lie superalgebra g =g0⊕g1 containing noncommutative coordinates and one-forms. We show that g can be extended by a set of generators TAB whose action on the enveloping algebra U (g ) gives the commutation relations between monomials in U (g0 ) and one-forms. Realizations of noncommutative coordinates, one-forms, and the generators TAB as formal power series in a semicompleted Weyl superalgebra are found. In the special case dim(g0 ) =dim(g1 ) , we also find a realization of the exterior derivative on U (g0 ) . The realizations of these geometric objects yield a bicovariant differential calculus on U (g0 ) as a deformation of the standard calculus on the Euclidean space.

A unified design space of synthetic stripe-forming networks

PubMed Central

Schaerli, Yolanda; Munteanu, Andreea; Gili, Magüi; Cotterell, James; Sharpe, James; Isalan, Mark

2014-01-01

Synthetic biology is a promising tool to study the function and properties of gene regulatory networks. Gene circuits with predefined behaviours have been successfully built and modelled, but largely on a case-by-case basis. Here we go beyond individual networks and explore both computationally and synthetically the design space of possible dynamical mechanisms for 3-node stripe-forming networks. First, we computationally test every possible 3-node network for stripe formation in a morphogen gradient. We discover four different dynamical mechanisms to form a stripe and identify the minimal network of each group. Next, with the help of newly established engineering criteria we build these four networks synthetically and show that they indeed operate with four fundamentally distinct mechanisms. Finally, this close match between theory and experiment allows us to infer and subsequently build a 2-node network that represents the archetype of the explored design space. PMID:25247316

Toward the classification of differential calculi on κ-Minkowski space and related field theories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jurić, Tajron; Meljanac, Stjepan; Pikutić, Danijel; Štrajn, Rina

2015-07-01

Classification of differential forms on κ-Minkowski space, particularly, the classification of all bicovariant differential calculi of classical dimension is presented. By imposing super-Jacobi identities we derive all possible differential algebras compatible with the κ-Minkowski algebra for time-like, space-like and light-like deformations. Embedding into the super-Heisenberg algebra is constructed using non-commutative (NC) coordinates and one-forms. Particularly, a class of differential calculi with an undeformed exterior derivative and one-forms is considered. Corresponding NC differential calculi are elaborated. Related class of new Drinfeld twists is proposed. It contains twist leading to κ-Poincaré Hopf algebra for light-like deformation. Corresponding super-algebra and deformed super-Hopf algebras, as well as the symmetries of differential algebras are presented and elaborated. Using the NC differential calculus, we analyze NC field theory, modified dispersion relations, and discuss further physical applications.

Webb Telescope Tested for Space, Ready for Science

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-01-10

NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope is a civilization scale mission, set to look back to the first galaxies formed after the Big Bang and help answer the question “are we alone in the universe?” After passing a key test at Johnson Space Center designed to simulate the cold vacuum of space, Webb is ready for the next step ahead of a launch in 2019

Results of the First US Manned Orbital Space Flight

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1962-01-01

The results of the first United States manned orbital space flight conducted on February 20, 1962 are presented. The prelaunch activities, spacecraft description, flight operations, flight data, and postflight analyses presented form a continuation of the information previously published for the two United States manned suborbital space flights conducted on May 5, 1961, and July 21, 1961, respectively, by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

Space Station needs, attributes and architectural options. Volume 2, book 1, part 1: Mission requirements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1983-01-01

The baseline mission model used to develop the space station mission-related requirements is described as well as the 90 civil missions that were evaluated, (including the 62 missions that formed the baseline model). Mission-related requirements for the space station baseline are defined and related to space station architectural development. Mission-related sensitivity analyses are discussed.

Space Situational Awareness: Difficult, Expensive and Necessary

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-01

Senior Leader Perspective November–December 2014 Air & Space Power Journal | 6 Space Situational Awareness Difficult, Expensive—and Necessary Dr...authors thank Gen William Shelton for his thoughtful and insightful comments. Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed or implied in the Journal ...permission. If it is reproduced, the Air and Space Power Journal requests a courtesy line. Report Documentation Page Form ApprovedOMB No. 0704-0188

Structural, thermodynamic, and kinetic aspects of the trimorphism of hydrocortisone.

PubMed

Suitchmezian, Viktor; Jess, Inke; Näther, Christian

2008-10-01

Hydrocortisone was investigated for polymorphism and pseudopolymorphism and three different polymorphic modifications (I-III) and one 2-propanol solvate were found. Forms I and III crystallize in the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), whereas form II and the 2-propanol solvate crystallize monoclinic in space group P2(1). In all the modifications the molecules are connected by intermolecular O--H...O hydrogen bonding. In the 2-propanol solvate, channels are formed in which the solvent molecules are embedded. Solvent-mediated conversion experiments reveal that the commercially available form I represents the thermodynamically most stable modification at room temperature, whereas forms II and III are metastable. On heating, form III transforms into form II in an endothermic reaction, which shows that an enantiotropic relationship exists between these forms. Form I exhibits the highest melting point and the highest heat of fusion and thus represents the thermodynamically most stable form over the whole temperature range. DSC measurements indicate that form I behaves monotropic to forms II and III. Desolvation of the 2-propanol solvate at higher temperatures results in a transformation into form II, whereas the removal of 2-propanol at room temperature and in vacuum reduced pressure leads to the formation of form III. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association

The Relationship among User, Activity and Space of Street Furniture Placed at Kanuni Campus - Karadeniz Technical University

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kurdoğlu, B. C.; Çelik, K. T.; Konakoğlu, S. S. Kurt; Erbaş, Y. S.

2016-10-01

The purpose of this study, 2369 street furniture at the campus mentioned to the thesis study named "Generating a GIS-Based Campus Street Furniture Information System (YEDBIS): Example of Kanuni Campus - Karadeniz Technical University" are to question the harmony statuses of space form, actual activity in space, space size, natural materials used space, usage density of space, surface materials of space, users, and the other of them. The harmony statuses of the street furniture were fixed by observation works and field determinations at the campus. Findings obtained observations were recorded to identification cards by writing "0" value for disharmony, "1" value for partly harmony and "2" value for harmony. Then, the data were analyzed in YEDBIS, which is based on GIS. Then, the data were analyzed in YEDBIS, which is based on GIS, by using ArcMap 10.0 programme. However, due to the absence of web support generated for the YEDBIS, with current data querying and analysis of this data was carried out only in a computer where YEDBIS is located. The results of the analysis indicates that 2369 street furniture were found to be disharmony with space form, with surface materials of space, with natural materials used space and with other street furniture in space, and to be partly harmony actual activity in space, space size, usage density of space and users. Also, the regions and nearby around of the buildings at the campus where were disharmony, partly harmony and harmony of the street furniture were established by using YEDBIS.

Flight projects overview

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Levine, Jack

1988-01-01

Information is given in viewgraph form on the activities of the Flight Projects Division of NASA's Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology. Information is given on space research and technology strategy, current space flight experiments, the Long Duration Exposure Facility, the Orbiter Experiment Program, the Lidar In-Space Technology Experiment, the Ion Auxiliary Propulsion System, the Arcjet Flight Experiment, the Telerobotic Intelligent Interface Flight Experiment, the Cryogenic Fluid Management Flight Experiment, the Industry/University In-Space Flight Experiments, and the Aeroassist Flight Experiment.

Disposal of radioactive iodine in space

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burns, R. E.; Defield, J. G.

1978-01-01

The possibility of space disposal of iodine waste from nuclear power reactors is investigated. The space transportation system utilized relies upon the space shuttle, a liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen orbit transfer vehicle, and a solid propellant final stage. The iodine is assumed to be in the form of either an iodide or an iodate, and calculations assume that the final destination is either solar orbit or solar system escape. It is concluded that space disposal of iodine is feasible.

Partnerships form the basis for implementing a National Space Weather Plan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spann, James F.; Giles, Barbara L.

2017-08-01

The 2017 Space Weather Enterprise Forum, held June 27, focused on the vital role of partnerships in order to establish an effective and successful national space weather program. Experts and users from the many government agencies, industry, academia, and policy makers gathered to discuss space weather impacts and mitigation strategies, the relevant services and supporting infrastructure, and the vital role cross-cutting partnerships must play for successful implementation of the National Space Weather Action Plan.

Oxygen in Orion

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-08-01

This graphic illustrates where astronomers at last found oxygen molecules in space -- near the star-forming core of the Orion nebula. The squiggly lines, or spectra, reveal the signatures of oxygen molecules, detected by ESA Hershel Space Observatory.

On the background independence of two-dimensional topological gravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Imbimbo, Camillo

1995-04-01

We formulate two-dimensional topological gravity in a background covariant Lagrangian framework. We derive the Ward identities which characterize the dependence of physical correlators on the background world-sheet metric defining the gauge-slice. We point out the existence of an "anomaly" in Ward identitites involving correlators of observables with higher ghost number. This "anomaly" represents an obstruction for physical correlators to be globally defined forms on moduli space which could be integrated in a background independent way. Starting from the anomalous Ward identities, we derive "descent" equations whose solutions are cocycles of the Lie algebra of the diffeomorphism group with values in the space of local forms on the moduli space. We solve the descent equations and provide explicit formulas for the cocycles, which allow for the definition of background independent integrals of physical correlators on the moduli space.

OAST Theme Workshop. Volume 3: Working group summary. 8: Structures, dynamics (M-2). A. Statement. B. Technology needs (form 1). C. Priority assessments (form 2)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1976-01-01

A technology program on large space structures was defined to respond to common need perceived for five of the six themes. Greatly expanded power, facilities, and communications/sensing requirements appear to demand a new structures technology for construction in space. Requirements to construct huge structural arrays with precision surfaces in space will need creative research efforts to identify practical structural elements and construction techniques. Requirements for advanced transportation structures were defined to respond to the space transportation theme. Because of the criticality of thermal structures to achieve lower cost transportation systems, renewed emphasis on technology in this area is recommended. A second technology needing renewed emphasis is the area of recovery and landing technology structures to permit full reuse of launch vehicle propulsion elements.

A closed form, physical optics expression for the radar cross section of a perfectly conducting flat plate over a dielectric half-space

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anastassiu, Hristos T.

2003-04-01

The physical optics approximation is employed in the derivation of a closed form expression for the radar cross section (RCS) of a flat, perfectly conducting plate of various shapes, located over a dielectric, possibly lossy half-space. The half-space is assumed to lie in the far field region of the plate. The well-known "four-path model" is invoked in a first-order approximation of the half-space contribution to the scattering mechanisms. Numerical results are compared to a reference, Moment Method solution, and the agreement is investigated, to assess the accuracy of the approximations used. The analytical expressions derived can facilitate very fast RCS calculations for realistic scatterers, such as ships in a sea environment, or aircraft flying low over the ground.

Subsampling for dataset optimisation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ließ, Mareike

2017-04-01

Soil-landscapes have formed by the interaction of soil-forming factors and pedogenic processes. In modelling these landscapes in their pedodiversity and the underlying processes, a representative unbiased dataset is required. This concerns model input as well as output data. However, very often big datasets are available which are highly heterogeneous and were gathered for various purposes, but not to model a particular process or data space. As a first step, the overall data space and/or landscape section to be modelled needs to be identified including considerations regarding scale and resolution. Then the available dataset needs to be optimised via subsampling to well represent this n-dimensional data space. A couple of well-known sampling designs may be adapted to suit this purpose. The overall approach follows three main strategies: (1) the data space may be condensed and de-correlated by a factor analysis to facilitate the subsampling process. (2) Different methods of pattern recognition serve to structure the n-dimensional data space to be modelled into units which then form the basis for the optimisation of an existing dataset through a sensible selection of samples. Along the way, data units for which there is currently insufficient soil data available may be identified. And (3) random samples from the n-dimensional data space may be replaced by similar samples from the available dataset. While being a presupposition to develop data-driven statistical models, this approach may also help to develop universal process models and identify limitations in existing models.

Renal stone risk assessment during Space Shuttle flights

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Whitson, P. A.; Pietrzyk, R. A.; Pak, C. Y.

1997-01-01

PURPOSE: The metabolic and environmental factors influencing renal stone formation before, during, and after Space Shuttle flights were assessed. We established the contributing roles of dietary factors in relationship to the urinary risk factors associated with renal stone formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 24-hr. urine samples were collected prior to, during space flight, and following landing. Urinary and dietary factors associated with renal stone formation were analyzed and the relative urinary supersaturation of calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate (brushite), sodium urate, struvite and uric acid were calculated. RESULTS: Urinary composition changed during flight to favor the crystallization of calcium-forming salts. Factors that contributed to increased potential for stone formation during space flight were significant reductions in urinary pH and increases in urinary calcium. Urinary output and citrate, a potent inhibitor of calcium-containing stones, were slightly reduced during space flight. Dietary intakes were significantly reduced for a number of variables, including fluid, energy, protein, potassium, phosphorus and magnesium. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first in-flight characterization of the renal stone forming potential in astronauts. With the examination of urinary components and nutritional factors, it was possible to determine the factors that contributed to increased risk or protected from risk. In spite of the protective components, the negative contributions to renal stone risk predominated and resulted in a urinary environment that favored the supersaturation of stone-forming salts. Dietary and pharmacologic therapies need to be assessed to minimize the potential for renal stone formation in astronauts during/after space flight.

Lived-In Room: Classroom Space as Teacher

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harouni, Houman

2013-01-01

This paper is a portrait of a public elementary school classroom in light of the relationships, history, and ideas that have formed its physical space. In describing Judy Richard's classroom, the author shows how a creative teacher's commitment to seeing her classroom as a living space inevitably brings her to overstep the narrow limits of the…

48 CFR 1852.228-78 - Cross-waiver of liability for NASA expendable launch vehicle launches.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Damage Caused by Space Objects, entered into force on 1 September 1972, in which the person, entity, or... Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND... parties related entities to encourage participation in space exploration, use, and investment. The purpose...

Youth Spaces and the Power and Possibility of Performance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cytrynbaum, Joe

2010-01-01

In this paper, the author looks closely at two spaces where students engaged in practices and forms of cultural production with transformative possibilities. Specifically, the author sought out spaces where youth came together for one of two important purposes: to cross boundaries of difference or to affirm and re-imagine identities. The two…

Preliminary risk assessment for nuclear waste disposal in space, volume 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rice, E. E.; Denning, R. S.; Friedlander, A. L.

1982-01-01

Safety guidelines are presented. Waste form, waste processing and payload fabrication facilities, shipping casks and ground transport vehicles, payload primary container/core, radiation shield, reentry systems, launch site facilities, uprooted space shuttle launch vehicle, Earth packing orbits, orbit transfer systems, and space destination are discussed. Disposed concepts and risks are then discussed.

Diameter-density relationships provide tentative spacing guidelines for Eucalyptus saligna in Hawaii

Treesearch

Dean S. DeBell; Craig D. Whitesell

1988-01-01

Trials have been established in Hawaii to develop spacing guidelines for Eucalyptus saligna plantations. Substantial competition-related mortality occurred in densely planted plots of three spacing trials. Data on stand diameter and surviving number of trees on these plots were plotted in logarithmic form to estimate a "self-thinning" or...

Collaborative Spaces for GIS-Based Multimedia Cartography in Blended Environments

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Balram, Shivanand; Dragicevic, Suzana

2008-01-01

The interaction spaces between instructors and learners in the traditional face-to-face classroom environment are being changed by the diffusion and adoption of many forms of computer-based pedagogy. An integrated understanding of these evolving interaction spaces together with how they interconnect and leverage learning are needed to develop…

A European Space for Education Looking for Its Public

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wahlstrom, Ninni

2010-01-01

The open method of coordination (OMC) within the Lisbon strategy is discussed in terms of a European Space for Education and "programme ontology". The focus is on indicators and the European dimension, and how they "work" in the forming of contents and identities in this European Space for Education. The OMC is analyzed in…

14 CFR 125.403 - Flight release form.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Flight release form. 125.403 Section 125... Flight release form. (a) The flight release may be in any form but must contain at least the following information concerning each flight: (1) Company or organization name. (2) Make, model, and registration number...

14 CFR 125.403 - Flight release form.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Flight release form. 125.403 Section 125... Flight release form. (a) The flight release may be in any form but must contain at least the following information concerning each flight: (1) Company or organization name. (2) Make, model, and registration number...

14 CFR 125.403 - Flight release form.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Flight release form. 125.403 Section 125... Flight release form. (a) The flight release may be in any form but must contain at least the following information concerning each flight: (1) Company or organization name. (2) Make, model, and registration number...

Experiment 9: ASTROCULTURE: Growth and Starch Accumulation of Potato Tuber

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tibbitts, Theodore W.; Brown, Christopher S.; Croxdale, Judith G.; Wheeler, Raymond M.

1998-01-01

Potato explants (leaf, small stem section, and axillary bud) flown on STS-73 developed tubers of 1.5 cm diameter and 1.7 g mass during the 16-day period of space flight. The experiment was undertaken in the ASTROCULTURE(TM) experiment package under controlled temperature, humidity, lighting, and carbon dioxide concentrations. The tubers that formed in the explant system under microgravity had the same gross morphology, the same anatomical configuration of cells and tissues, and the same sizes, shapes, and surface character of starch granules as tubers formed in a 1 g environment. The total accumulation of starch and other energy containing compounds was similar in space flight and ground control tubers. Enzyme activity of starch synthase, starch phosphorylase, and total hydrolase was similar in space flight and ground controls, but activity of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase was reduced in the space flight tuber tissue. This experiment documented that potatoes will metabolize and accumulate starch as effectively in space flight as on the ground. Thus, this data provides the potential for effective utilization of potatoes in life support systems of space bases.

QMI: Rising to the Space Station Design Challenge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carswell, W. E.; Farmer, J.; Coppens, C.; Breeding, S.; Rose, F.

2002-01-01

The Quench Module Insert (QMI) materials processing furnace is being designed to operate for 8000 hours over four years on the International Space Station as part of the first Materials Science Research Rack of the Materials Science Research Facility. The Bridgman-type furnace is being built for the directional solidification processing of metals and alloys in the microgravity environment of space. Most notably it will be used for processing aluminum and related alloys. Designing for the space station environment presents intriguing design challenges in the form of a ten-year life requirement coupled with both limited opportunities for maintenance and resource constraints in the form of limited power and space. The long life requirement has driven the design of several features in the furnace, including the design of the heater core, the selection and placement of the thermocouples, overall performance monitoring, and the design of the chill block. The power and space limitations have been addressed through a compact furnace design using efficient vacuum insulation. Details on these design features, as well as development test performance results to date, are presented.

QMI: Rising to the Space Station Design Challenge

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Carswell, W. E.; Farmer, J.; Coppens, C.; Breeding, S.; Rose, F.; Curreri, Peter A. (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

The Quench Module Insert (QMI) materials processing furnace is being designed to operate for 8000 hours over four years on the International Space Station (ISS) as part of the first Materials Science Research Rack (MSRR-1) of the Materials Science Research Facility (MSRF). The Bridgman-type furnace is being built for the directional solidification processing of metals and alloys in the microgravity environment of space. Most notably it will be used for processing aluminum and related alloys. Designing for the space station environment presents intriguing design challenges in the form of a ten-year life requirement coupled with both limited opportunities for maintenance and resource constraints in the form of limited power and space. The long life requirement has driven the design of several features in the furnace, including the design of the heater core, the selection and placement of the thermocouples, overall performance monitoring, and the design of the chill block. The power and space limitations have been addressed through a compact furnace design using efficient vacuum insulation. Details on these design features, as well as development test performance results to date, are presented.

Two new advanced forms of spectrometry for space and commercial applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schlager, Kenneth J.

1991-01-01

Reagentless ultraviolet absorption spectrometry (UVAS) and Liquid Atomic Emission Spectrometry (LAES) represent new forms of spectrometry with extensive potential in both space and commercial applications. Originally developed under KSC sponsorship for monitoring nutrient solutions for the Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS), both UVAS and LAES have extensive analytical capabilities for both organic and inorganic chemical compounds. Both forms of instrumentation involve the use of remote fiber optic probes and real-time measurements for on-line process monitoring. Commercial applications exist primarily in environmental analysis and for process control in the chemical, pulp and paper, food processing, metal plating, and water/wastewater treatment industries.

Room temperature stretch forming of scale space shuttle external tank dome gores. Volume 1: Technical

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Blunck, R. D.; Krantz, D. E.

1974-01-01

An account of activities and data gathered in the Room Temperature Stretch Forming of One-third Scale External Tank Bulkhead Gores for space shuttle study, and a tooling design and production cost study are reported. The following study phases are described: (1) the stretch forming of three approximately one-third scale external tank dome gores from single sheets of 2219-T37 aluminum alloy; (2) the designing of a full scale production die, including a determination of tooling requirements; and (3) the determination of cost per gore at the required production rates, including manufacturing, packaging, and shipping.

The spatial study of unplanned settlements on the coastal of Belawan Medan fishermen village

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marpaung, B. O. Y.; Winny Silaban, Nadia

2018-03-01

One of the determining factors that formed informal settlements is the high demand for homes that are not comparable with the homes that were provided by the government. The settlement of Fisherman Village in Belawan Medan was built without a plan by settlers and was not involve government interference so that the spatial pattern formed uncontrollable. The shape of space that stretches represents the distribution of unplanned space. The purpose of this study is to find the structure of settlement and the relationship between the space structures with the spatial pattern in Belawan Medan Fishermen Village. In the process of collecting data, the researcher makes the maps of the observation area, the structure of the space, and the relationship between one space function with the other space functions. Also, the researchers identify the spacing pattern and the effect of one spatial element against the other. This study found a similar spatial pattern between one unplanned settlement and another unplanned settlement and there are also some tendencies of Belawan Medan Fishermen Village settlers when building the built environment in the relationship between building masses and the road network.

Metaspace: Financial plan for development in space

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Odonnell, Declan Joseph

There are no sources for private development monies in space. There are no laws to regulate development in space and protect private investment. In order to cure these basic business problems, we may create a new nation in space, called the Metanation, to provide political focus and financial capacity. It will assume jurisdiction in outer space after a convention in the year 2000 A.D. It would offer to combine with space agencies of earth nations to form a relevant governance and policy entity for mankind and help develop our common heritage aloft.

NASA Office of Aeronautical and Space Technology Summer Workshop. Volume 7: Materials panel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

Materials technology requirements pertinent to structures, power, and propulsion for future space missions are identified along with candidate space flight experiments. Most requirements are mission driven, only four (all relating to space processing of materials) are considered to be opportunity driven. Exploitation of the space environment in performing basic research to improve the understanding of materials phenomena (such as solidification) and manufacturing and assembly in space to support missions such as solar energy stations which require the forming, erection, joining, and repair of structures in space are among the topics discussed.

77 FR 37660 - ICWG Meeting for the NAVSTAR GPS Public Signals in Space

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-22

... comments must be submitted in Comments Resolution Matrix (CRM) form. These forms along with the Was/Is...-GPS-705, and IS-GPS-800. Please provide them in the CRM form and submit to Tony Marquez by July 20...

48 CFR 1846.670-5 - Forms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true Forms. 1846.670-5 Section 1846.670-5 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE Material Inspection and Receiving Reports 1846.670-5 Forms. (a...

Negative ion source with hollow cathode discharge plasma

DOEpatents

Hershcovitch, A.; Prelec, K.

1980-12-12

A negative ion source of the type where negative ions are formed by bombarding a low-work-function surface with positive ions and neutral particles from a plasma, wherein a highly ionized plasma is injected into an anode space containing the low-work-function surface is described. The plasma is formed by hollow cathode discharge and injected into the anode space along the magnetic field lines. Preferably, the negative ion source is of the magnetron type.

Propagation Effects in Space-Based Surveillance Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-02-01

This report describes the first year’s effort to investigate propagation effects in space - based radars. A model was developed for analyzing the...deleterious systems effects by first developing a generalized aperture distribution that ultimately can be applied to any space - based radar configuration...The propagation effects are characterized in terms of the SATCOM model striation parameters. The form of a generalized channel model for space - based radars

Basic research for the geodynamics program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

The mathematical models of space very long base interferometry (VLBI) observables suitable for least squares covariance analysis were derived and estimatability problems inherent in the space VLBI system were explored, including a detailed rank defect analysis and sensitivity analysis. An important aim is to carry out a comparative analysis of the mathematical models of the ground-based VLBI and space VLBI observables in order to describe the background in detail. Computer programs were developed in order to check the relations, assess errors, and analyze sensitivity. In order to investigate the estimatability of different geodetic and geodynamic parameters from the space VLBI observables, the mathematical models for time delay and time delay rate observables of space VLBI were analytically derived along with the partial derivatives with respect to the parameters. Rank defect analysis was carried out both by analytical and numerical testing of linear dependencies between the columns of the normal matrix thus formed. Definite conclusions were formed about the rank defects in the system.

Micro Machining Enhances Precision Fabrication

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2007-01-01

Advanced thermal systems developed for the Space Station Freedom project are now in use on the International Space Station. These thermal systems employ evaporative ammonia as their coolant, and though they employ the same series of chemical reactions as terrestrial refrigerators, the space-bound coolers are significantly smaller. Two Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contracts between Creare Inc. of Hanover, NH and Johnson Space Center developed an ammonia evaporator for thermal management systems aboard Freedom. The principal investigator for Creare Inc., formed Mikros Technologies Inc. to commercialize the work. Mikros Technologies then developed an advanced form of micro-electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM) to make tiny holes in the ammonia evaporator. Mikros Technologies has had great success applying this method to the fabrication of micro-nozzle array systems for industrial ink jet printing systems. The company is currently the world leader in fabrication of stainless steel micro-nozzles for this market, and in 2001 the company was awarded two SBIR research contracts from Goddard Space Flight Center to advance micro-fabrication and high-performance thermal management technologies.

Positive geometries and canonical forms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arkani-Hamed, Nima; Bai, Yuntao; Lam, Thomas

2017-11-01

Recent years have seen a surprising connection between the physics of scattering amplitudes and a class of mathematical objects — the positive Grassmannian, positive loop Grassmannians, tree and loop Amplituhedra — which have been loosely referred to as "positive geometries". The connection between the geometry and physics is provided by a unique differential form canonically determined by the property of having logarithmic singularities (only) on all the boundaries of the space, with residues on each boundary given by the canonical form on that boundary. The structures seen in the physical setting of the Amplituhedron are both rigid and rich enough to motivate an investigation of the notions of "positive geometries" and their associated "canonical forms" as objects of study in their own right, in a more general mathematical setting. In this paper we take the first steps in this direction. We begin by giving a precise definition of positive geometries and canonical forms, and introduce two general methods for finding forms for more complicated positive geometries from simpler ones — via "triangulation" on the one hand, and "push-forward" maps between geometries on the other. We present numerous examples of positive geometries in projective spaces, Grassmannians, and toric, cluster and flag varieties, both for the simplest "simplex-like" geometries and the richer "polytope-like" ones. We also illustrate a number of strategies for computing canonical forms for large classes of positive geometries, ranging from a direct determination exploiting knowledge of zeros and poles, to the use of the general triangulation and push-forward methods, to the representation of the form as volume integrals over dual geometries and contour integrals over auxiliary spaces. These methods yield interesting representations for the canonical forms of wide classes of positive geometries, ranging from the simplest Amplituhedra to new expressions for the volume of arbitrary convex polytopes.

Space disposal of nuclear wastes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Priest, C. C.; Nixon, R. F.; Rice, E. E.

1980-01-01

The DOE has been studying several options for nuclear waste disposal, among them space disposal, which NASA has been assessing. Attention is given to space disposal destinations noting that a circular heliocentric orbit about halfway between Earth and Venus is the reference option in space disposal studies. Discussion also covers the waste form, showing that parameters to be considered include high waste loading, high thermal conductivity, thermochemical stability, resistance to leaching, fabrication, resistance to oxidation and to thermal shock. Finally, the Space Shuttle nuclear waste disposal mission profile is presented.

The influence of space charge shielding on dielectric multipactor

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chang, C.; Liu, G. Z.; Tang, C. X.

2009-05-15

A model of space charge influenced by multipactor electrons and plasma has been established. The positive space charge potential/field for vacuum dielectric multipactor is analytically studied. After considering the plasma, the positive space charge field is further shielded, and multipactor saturates at higher surface accumulated field, compared with that for only considering multipactor electrons. The negative space charge potential/field for dielectric breakdown at high pressure is analyzed. It is found that the negative potential can be nonmonotonously varied, forming a minimum potential well.

Collaboration Between Government and Commercial Space Weather Information Providers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Intriligator, Devrie

2007-10-01

Many systems and situations require up-to-date space weather information. These include navigation systems in cars, boats, and commercial freight; the specific location information needed for construction and oil drilling; communications; airline navigation; avionic systems; and passengers and personnel on polar airline flights. Thus, as the world's industries become increasingly more reliant on satellite data and more vulnerable to space weather conditions, new collaborations will have to be formed between commercial providers of space weather information and the government scientists who monitor space weather.

Protein crystallization aboard the Space Shuttle and the Mir space station

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Delbaere, Louis T. J.; Vandonselaar, Margaret; Prasad, Lata; Quail, J. W.; Birnbaum, George I.; Delucas, Lawrence J.; Moore, Karen; Bugg, Charles E.

1993-01-01

Two different protein crystallizations, namely ,the free Fab fragment of the Je142 monoclonal antibody and the complex of Fab fragment/HPr with antigen, were performed aboard the Discovery Space Shuttle flights and the Mir space station, respectively. Medium sized crystals of the Je142 Fab fragment were obtained. The Je142 Fab fragment/Hpr complex produced two medium-sized crystals after two months aboard the Mir space station. Microgravity was found to eliminate the tendency of these crystals to form clusters.

Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin

PubMed Central

Briggs, David C.; Smedley, James G.; McClane, Bruce A.; Basak, Ajit K.

2010-01-01

Clostridium perfringens is a Gram-positive anaerobic species of bacterium that is notable for its ability to produce a plethora of toxins, including membrane-active toxins (α-toxins), pore-forming toxins (∊-toxins) and binary toxins (ι-toxins). Here, the crystallization of the full-length wild-type C. perfringens enterotoxin is reported, which is the causative agent of the second most prevalent food-borne illness in the United States and has been implicated in many other gastrointestinal pathologies. Several crystal forms were obtained. However, only two of these optimized crystal forms (I and II) were useable for X-ray diffraction data collection. The form I crystals diffracted to d min = 2.7 Å and belonged to space group C2, while the form II crystals diffracted to d min = 4 Å and belonged to space group P213. PMID:20606275

Role of Thyroxine in Space-Developed Jellyfish

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Spangenberg, Dorothy B.

1997-01-01

The Aurelia Metamorphosis Test System was previously used to determine the effects of the space environment on the development and behavior of tiny (1-2 mm) jellyfish ephyrae during the SLS-1 and IML-2 missions. Results from the SLS-1 experiment included the discovery that statolith numbers were significantly reduced in Earth-formed ephyrae flown for nine days in space as compared with ground-based controls. In addition, upon return to Earth, six times more ephyrae which had developed in space than those developed on Earth had pulsing abnormalities, indicating that either these animals did not form their neuromuscular structures normally while in space or they were unable to adapt to the Ig environment upon return to Earth. The metamorphosis process, which enables the formation of ephyrae from polyps is influenced by a hormone, Jf-T4 Oellyfish thyroxine) which is synthesized following iodine administration. Two groups of polyps in space, however, formed ephyrae without iodine administration indicating that Jf-T4 synthesis, utilization, or excretion was different in. the ephyrae. Increased synthesis or build-up in the media of the hormone may also be linked to the increased demineralization of statoliths found in space-exposed ephyrae. In previous experiments, we found that externally administered thyroxine causes increased demineralization of statoliths on Earth. Abnormal pulsina in ephyrae following return to Earth during the SLS-1 mission may also be traced to increased Jf-T4 levels. Thyroxine is known to be important to the normal development and function of the nervous system, heart, and skeletal muscles in higher animals. For this third Jellyfish-in-Space experiment, we proposed to quantitate the levels of Jf- T4 and of T4 receptors in space-developed ephyrae and media and to compare these levels with those of animals developing and at Ig in space and on Earth. We expected to be able to determine whether Jf-T4 synthesis and/or secretion is different in space-flownjellyfish than in controls and to determine which cells (nerve, muscle, lithocytes, etc.)may have enhanced Jf-T4 levels. However, NASA deselected this experiment in August, 1997.

Shape determination and control for large space structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Weeks, C. J.

1981-01-01

An integral operator approach is used to derive solutions to static shape determination and control problems associated with large space structures. Problem assumptions include a linear self-adjoint system model, observations and control forces at discrete points, and performance criteria for the comparison of estimates or control forms. Results are illustrated by simulations in the one dimensional case with a flexible beam model, and in the multidimensional case with a finite model of a large space antenna. Modal expansions for terms in the solution algorithms are presented, using modes from the static or associated dynamic mode. These expansions provide approximated solutions in the event that a used form analytical solution to the system boundary value problem is not available.

Cloning, preparation and preliminary crystallographic studies of penicillin V acylase autoproteolytic processing mutants

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chandra, P. Manish; Brannigan, James A., E-mail: jab@ysbl.york.ac.uk; Prabhune, Asmita

The production, crystallization and characterization of three inactive mutants of penicillin V acylase from B. sphaericus in their respective precursor and processed forms are reported. The space groups are different for the native enzyme and the mutants. The crystallization of three catalytically inactive mutants of penicillin V acylase (PVA) from Bacillus sphaericus in precursor and processed forms is reported. The mutant proteins crystallize in different primitive monoclinic space groups that are distinct from the crystal forms for the native enzyme. Directed mutants and clone constructs were designed to study the post-translational autoproteolytic processing of PVA. The catalytically inactive mutants willmore » provide three-dimensional structures of precursor PVA forms, plus open a route to the study of enzyme–substrate complexes for this industrially important enzyme.« less

Plants in Space

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tomic, A. T.

2018-04-01

I do not believe that humans in current form are able to reach any interstellar distances. Probably genetic and cyber biology will come up with the solutions, but until then we still can try to grow plants in space.

Metropolization Process for enhancing local and regional planning : an experience of cirebon metropolitan, West Java

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Supriyadi Rustidja, E.

2018-03-01

Metropolitan develops in line with resource utilization, investment, and transactions of regional activities. Metropolization of an area gives emerge urban economy that changes the situation, form, and pattern of urban space interactions. On the other hand, metropolism concerns the strategy of changing variation of urban space, so that metropolitan invasion not only form of urban space but also the process of interaction among stakeholders in developing metropolitan area. Based on participatory research, this article explores metropolitan invasion process for enhancing local and regional planning, both indigenous and intrusive cataclysmic. The study find that the primeval, rural, and urban as elemental environment must be considered in developing metropolitan, not merely form the structure and pattern of urban space. The metropolization process also requires the strategic of rural urban linkage, context setting and local assessment, strategic community investment, and interculturalist approach. The other findings of the study show that metropolization in Cirebon Metropolitan, West Java emphasizing on promotion of competitiveness strategy, value chain urban activities, and networking of urban areas. Cirebon Metropolitan must promote the realization of growth centers and connect the interregional activities of metropolitan area for providing sustainable economic growth.

14 CFR 330.29 - What information must air taxi operators submit on Form 330 (Final) and Form 330-C?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false What information must air taxi operators... COMPENSATION OF AIR CARRIERS Application Procedures § 330.29 What information must air taxi operators submit on Form 330 (Final) and Form 330-C? As an air taxi operator, you must complete Form 330 (Final) in...

14 CFR 330.29 - What information must air taxi operators submit on Form 330 (Final) and Form 330-C?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false What information must air taxi operators... COMPENSATION OF AIR CARRIERS Application Procedures § 330.29 What information must air taxi operators submit on Form 330 (Final) and Form 330-C? As an air taxi operator, you must complete Form 330 (Final) in...

14 CFR § 1260.59A - Invention reporting and rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Invention reporting and rights. § 1260.59A Section § 1260.59A Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION GRANTS AND... operation thereof. (c) Reporting shall be made on NASA Form 1679 Disclosure of Invention and New Technology...

OpenAnalogInput(): Hybrid Spaces, Self-Making and Power in the Internet of Things

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Duarte, Fernanda da Costa Portugal

2015-01-01

This dissertation investigates how the emergence of the Internet of Things and the embeddedness of sensors and networked connectivity onto things, physical spaces and biological bodies rearticulates embodied spaces, devises practices of self-making and forms of power in the governance of the self and society. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).…

A decade on board America's Space Shuttle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

Spectacular moments from a decade (1981-1991) of Space Shuttle missions, captured on film by the astronauts who flew the missions, are presented. First hand accounts of astronauts' experiences aboard the Shuttle are given. A Space Shuttle mission chronology featuring flight number, vehicle name, crew, launch and landing dates, and mission highlights is given in tabular form.

"Fallen Angel": Making a Space for Queer Identities in Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Addison, Nicholas

2012-01-01

This paper is an examination of an artwork produced by a sixth-form student who explores the prohibited spaces of queer lives. She does so through the production of an installation, a dominant format in contemporary art, in which space is a central semiotic vehicle. Rather than choosing a confessional strategy, she distances herself from her own…

Embedding of the brane into six dimensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gogberashvili, Merab

2002-10-01

Embedding of the brane metric into Euclidean (2+4)-space is found. Brane geometry can be visualized as the surface of the hypersphere in six dimensions which ``radius'' is governed by the cosmological constant. Minkowski space in this picture is placed on the intersection of this surface with the plane formed by the extra space-like and time-like coordinates.

Learning Bridges: A Role for Mobile Technologies in Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vavoula, Giasemi; Sharples, Mike; Lonsdale, Peter; Rudman, Paul; Meek, Julia

2007-01-01

MyArtSpace is a service for children to spread their learning between schools and museums using mobile phones linked to a personal Web space. Using MyArtSpace as an example, the authors discuss the possibilities for mobile technology to form bridges between formal and informal learning. They also offer guidelines for designing such bridges.…

Space Science Education: An Experimental Study. Report of the Study Commission on Space Science Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vick, Raymond

The implications of space science terminology and concepts for elementary science teaching are explored. Twenty-two concepts were identified which elementary and junior high school teachers were invited to introduce in their teaching. Booklets explaining the concepts were distributed together with report forms for teacher feedback. The numbers of…

Electro-Formed Mirrors for Both X-Ray and Visible Astronomy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ritter, J.; Smith, W. Scott; Rose, M. Frank (Technical Monitor)

2000-01-01

The Space Optics Manufacturing Technology Center of NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center is involved in the development of nickel and nickel alloy electroformed mirrors for rapid production of space-based optical systems. The current state of the process is discussed- for both cylindrical x-ray mirrors and normal incidence mirrors for visible and infrared applications.

Engaging Public Space: Art Education Pedagogies for Social Justice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Duncum, Paul

2011-01-01

Considering social justice to be founded on human rights, which, in turn, are grounded in freedom of thought, expression, and assembly, this essay reviews efforts by art educators to engage with public space as a form of social justice pedagogy. Public space, whether actual or virtual, is understood to be inherently devoted to contestation in the…

Orbital disc insulator for SF.sub.6 gas-insulated bus

DOEpatents

Bacvarov, Dosio C.; Gomarac, Nicholas G.

1977-01-01

An insulator for supporting a high voltage conductor within a gas-filled grounded housing consists of radially spaced insulation rings fitted to the exterior of the bus and the interior of the grounded housing respectively, and the spaced rings are connected by trefoil type rings which are integrally formed with the spaced insulation rings.

Spatializing Marxist Educational Theory: School, the Built Environment, Fixed Capital and (Relational) Space

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ford, Derek R.

2014-01-01

Over the last two decades, educational theory has begun to incorporate analyses of space where formerly temporal considerations dominated. In this article, Marxist educational theory is spatialized by considering the school as (1) a form of fixed capital, (2) a crucial aspect of the built environment and (3) a relational space. The author begins…

Introduction to the Space Transportation System. [space shuttle cost effectiveness

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilson, R. G.

1973-01-01

A new space transportation concept which is consistent with the need for more cost effective space operations has been developed. The major element of the Space Transportation System (STS) is the Space Shuttle. The rest of the system consists of a propulsive stage which can be carried within the space shuttle to obtain higher energy orbits. The final form of this propulsion stage will be called the Space Tug. A third important element, which is not actually a part of the STS since it has no propulsive capacity, is the Space Laboratory. The major element of the Space Shuttle is an aircraft-like orbiter which contains the crew, the cargo, and the liquid rocket engines in the rear.

A bivariate rational interpolation with a bi-quadratic denominator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Duan, Qi; Zhang, Huanling; Liu, Aikui; Li, Huaigu

2006-10-01

In this paper a new rational interpolation with a bi-quadratic denominator is developed to create a space surface using only values of the function being interpolated. The interpolation function has a simple and explicit rational mathematical representation. When the knots are equally spaced, the interpolating function can be expressed in matrix form, and this form has a symmetric property. The concept of integral weights coefficients of the interpolation is given, which describes the "weight" of the interpolation points in the local interpolating region.

Cosmic Journeys: To the Edge of Gravity, Space and Time...

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wanjek, Christopher

2000-01-01

A star explodes, blowing its contents into interstellar space. At its core, a black hole may form. Or maybe a neutron star or white dwarf, depending on the size of the original star. Over the next million years, a new star may form from the left over gas. The ever-changing Universe is the ultimate recycler. NASA's Cosmic Journeys is a set of missions that will of explore the Universe's many mysteries. An summary of future missions is presented.

Large-basis ab initio no-core shell model and its application to {sup 12}C

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Navratil, P.; Vary, J. P.; Barrett, B. R.

2000-11-01

We present the framework for the ab initio no-core nuclear shell model and apply it to obtain properties of {sup 12}C. We derive two-body effective interactions microscopically for specific model spaces from the realistic CD-Bonn and the Argonne V8' nucleon-nucleon (NN) potentials. We then evaluate binding energies, excitation spectra, radii, and electromagnetic transitions in the 0{Dirac_h}{Omega}, 2{Dirac_h}{Omega}, and 4{Dirac_h}{Omega} model spaces for the positive-parity states and the 1{Dirac_h}{Omega}, 3{Dirac_h}{Omega}, and 5{Dirac_h}{Omega} model spaces for the negative-parity states. Dependence on the model-space size, on the harmonic-oscillator frequency, and on the type of the NN potential, used for the effective interaction derivation,more » are studied. In addition, electromagnetic and weak neutral elastic charge form factors are calculated in the impulse approximation. Sensitivity of the form-factor ratios to the strangeness one-body form-factor parameters and to the influence of isospin-symmetry violation is evaluated and discussed. Agreement between theory and experiment is favorable for many observables, while others require yet larger model spaces and/or three-body forces. The limitations of the present results are easily understood by virtue of the trends established and previous phenomenological results.« less

SpaceCube Mini

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lin, Michael; Petrick, David; Geist, Alessandro; Flatley, Thomas

2012-01-01

This version of the SpaceCube will be a full-fledged, onboard space processing system capable of 2500+ MIPS, and featuring a number of plug-andplay gigabit and standard interfaces, all in a condensed 3x3x3 form factor [less than 10 watts and less than 3 lb (approximately equal to 1.4 kg)]. The main processing engine is the Xilinx SIRF radiation- hardened-by-design Virtex-5 FX-130T field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Even as the SpaceCube 2.0 version (currently under test) is being targeted as the platform of choice for a number of the upcoming Earth Science Decadal Survey missions, GSFC has been contacted by customers who wish to see a system that incorporates key features of the version 2.0 architecture in an even smaller form factor. In order to fulfill that need, the SpaceCube Mini is being designed, and will be a very compact and low-power system. A similar flight system with this combination of small size, low power, low cost, adaptability, and extremely high processing power does not otherwise exist, and the SpaceCube Mini will be of tremendous benefit to GSFC and its partners. The SpaceCube Mini will utilize space-grade components. The primary processing engine of the Mini is the Xilinx Virtex-5 SIRF FX-130T radiation-hardened-by-design FPGA for critical flight applications in high-radiation environments. The Mini can also be equipped with a commercial Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA with integrated PowerPCs for a low-cost, high-power computing platform for use in the relatively radiation- benign LEOs (low-Earth orbits). In either case, this version of the Space-Cube will weigh less than 3 pounds (.1.4 kg), conform to the CubeSat form-factor (10x10x10 cm), and will be low power (less than 10 watts for typical applications). The SpaceCube Mini will have a radiation-hardened Aeroflex FPGA for configuring and scrubbing the Xilinx FPGA by utilizing the onboard FLASH memory to store the configuration files. The FLASH memory will also be used for storing algorithm and application code for the PowerPCs and the Xilinx FPGA. In addition, it will feature highspeed DDR SDRAM (double data rate synchronous dynamic random-access memory) to store the instructions and data of active applications. This version will also feature SATA-II and Gigabit Ethernet interfaces. Furthermore, there will also be general-purpose, multi-gigabit interfaces. In addition, the system will have dozens of transceivers that can support LVDS (low-voltage differential signaling), RS-422, or SpaceWire. The SpaceCube Mini includes an I/O card that can be customized to meet the needs of each mission. This version of the SpaceCube will be designed so that multiple Minis can be networked together using SpaceWire, Ethernet, or even a custom protocol. Scalability can be provided by networking multiple SpaceCube Minis together. Rigid-Flex technology is being targeted for the construction of the SpaceCube Mini, which will make the extremely compact and low-weight design feasible. The SpaceCube Mini is designed to fit in the compact CubeSat form factor, thus allowing deployment in a new class of missions that the previous SpaceCube versions were not suited for. At the time of this reporting, engineering units should be available in the summer 2012.

Earth Observation from Space: Competition or Cooperation?

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-04-01

or remote sensing from space (2). Earth observations or remote sensing includes all forms of observation by sensors borne by a space object including...3). The capabilities of remote sensing are as varied as the sensors that are built and put in orbit, but =- • I •1 capabilities fall into two...adversary or ally. For example, the ability of one nation to observe and study another through space-borne sensors permits strategic assessment of a

Spherical harmonics and rigged Hilbert spaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Celeghini, E.; Gadella, M.; del Olmo, M. A.

2018-05-01

This paper is devoted to study discrete and continuous bases for spaces supporting representations of SO(3) and SO(3, 2) where the spherical harmonics are involved. We show how discrete and continuous bases coexist on appropriate choices of rigged Hilbert spaces. We prove the continuity of relevant operators and the operators in the algebras spanned by them using appropriate topologies on our spaces. Finally, we discuss the properties of the functionals that form the continuous basis.

14 CFR 413.7 - Application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Aeronautics and Space COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION, FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION LICENSING LICENSE APPLICATION PROCEDURES § 413.7 Application. (a) Form. An application must be in writing, in English and filed in duplicate with the Federal Aviation Administration, Associate...

Extended RMS

NASA Image and Video Library

2005-08-02

ISS011-E-11416 (2 August 2005) --- A line of thunderstorms form the backdrop for this view of the extended Space Shuttle Discovery’;s remote manipulator system (RMS) robotic arm while docked to the International Space Station during the STS-114 mission.

Unwinding the amplituhedron in binary

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arkani-Hamed, Nima; Thomas, Hugh; Trnka, Jaroslav

2018-01-01

We present new, fundamentally combinatorial and topological characterizations of the amplituhedron. Upon projecting external data through the amplituhedron, the resulting configuration of points has a specified (and maximal) generalized "winding number". Equivalently, the amplituhedron can be fully described in binary: canonical projections of the geometry down to one dimension have a specified (and maximal) number of "sign flips" of the projected data. The locality and unitarity of scattering amplitudes are easily derived as elementary consequences of this binary code. Minimal winding defines a natural "dual" of the amplituhedron. This picture gives us an avatar of the amplituhedron purely in the configuration space of points in vector space (momentum-twistor space in the physics), a new interpretation of the canonical amplituhedron form, and a direct bosonic understanding of the scattering super-amplitude in planar N = 4 SYM as a differential form on the space of physical kinematical data.

Threaded Fastener Positive Anti-Rotation Locking Device

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hartman, Timm E. (Inventor); Hanlon, Casey (Inventor); Laidlaw, Mitchell (Inventor); Geck, Kellan (Inventor)

2015-01-01

An apparatus includes a shaft, a device, a fastener, and an anti-rotation clip. The shaft is configured for rotation. The device is mounted on, and surrounds at least a portion of, the shaft, and has first and second protrusions that are formed on one side and are spaced apart to define a tab space. The fastener is rotationally mounted relative to the shaft, and includes a tab slot formed in its outer surface that extends radially inwardly and is disposed radially inwardly of the tab space. The anti-rotation clip includes a main body portion and a head portion that has a first tab portion and a second tab portion. At least a portion the main body portion is disposed between the device and the fastener, the first tab is disposed in the tab space, and the second tab is disposed in the tab slot.

Hot gas path component trailing edge having near wall cooling features

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lacy, Benjamin Paul; Kottilingam, Srikanth Chandrudu; Miranda, Carlos Miguel

A hot gas path component includes a substrate having an outer surface and an inner surface. The inner surface defines an interior space. The outer surface defines a pressure side surface and a suction side surface. The pressure and suction side surfaces are joined together at a leading edge and at a trailing edge. A first cooling passage is formed in the suction side surface of the substrate. It is coupled in flow communication to the interior space. A second cooling passage, separate from the first cooling passage, is formed in the pressure side surface. The second cooling passage ismore » coupled in flow communication to the interior space. A cover is disposed over at least a portion of the first and second cooling passages. The interior space channels a cooling fluid to the first and second cooling passages, which channel the cooling fluid therethrough to remove heat from the component.« less

Electrode assembly for use in a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell

DOEpatents

Raistrick, Ian D.

1989-01-01

A gas reaction fuel cell may be provided with a solid polymer electrolyte membrane. Porous gas diffusion electrodes are formed of carbon particles supporting a catalyst which is effective to enhance the gas reactions. The carbon particles define interstitial spaces exposing the catalyst on a large surface area of the carbon particles. A proton conducting material, such as a perfluorocarbon copolymer or ruthenium dioxide contacts the surface areas of the carbon particles adjacent the interstitial spaces. The proton conducting material enables protons produced by the gas reactions adjacent the supported catalyst to have a conductive path with the electrolyte membrane. The carbon particles provide a conductive path for electrons. A suitable electrode may be formed by dispersing a solution containing a proton conducting material over the surface of the electrode in a manner effective to coat carbon surfaces adjacent the interstitial spaces without impeding gas flow into the interstitial spaces.

Morphology of human embryonic kidney cells in culture after space flight

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Todd, P.; Kunze, M. E.; Williams, K.; Morrison, D. R.; Lewis, M. L.; Barlow, G. H.

1985-01-01

The ability of human embyronic kidney cells to differentiate into small epithelioid, large epithelioid, domed, and fenestrated morphological cell types following space flight is examined. Kidney cells exposed to 1 day at 1 g, then 1 day in orbit, and a 12 minute passage through the electrophoretic separator are compared with control cultures. The data reveal that 70 percent of small epithelioid, 16 percent of large epithelioid, 9 percent of dome-forming, and 5 percent of fenestrated cells formed in the space exposed cells; the distributions correlate well with control data. The formation of domed cells from cells cultured from low electrophoretic mobility fractions and small epithelioid cells from high mobility fractions is unaffected by space flight conditions. It is concluded that storage under microgravity conditions does not influence the morphological differentiation of human embryonic kidney cells in low-passage culture.

Space Science

NASA Image and Video Library

2001-05-01

This photograph shows Wes Brown, Marshall Space Flight Center's (MSFC's) lead diamond tuner, an expert in the science of using diamond-tipped tools to cut metal, inspecting the mold's physical characteristics to ensure the uniformity of its more than 6,000 grooves. This king-size copper disk, manufactured at the Space Optics Manufacturing and Technology Center (SOMTC) at MSFC, is a special mold for making high resolution monitor screens. This master mold will be used to make several other molds, each capable of forming hundreds of screens that have a type of lens called a fresnel lens. Weighing much less than conventional optics, fresnel lenses have multiple concentric grooves, each formed to a precise angle, that together create the curvature needed to focus and project images. The MSFC leads NASA's space optics manufacturing technology development as a technology leader for diamond turning. The machine used to manufacture this mold is among many one-of-a-kind pieces of equipment of MSFC's SOMTC.

Nonholonomic relativistic diffusion and exact solutions for stochastic Einstein spaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vacaru, S. I.

2012-03-01

We develop an approach to the theory of nonholonomic relativistic stochastic processes in curved spaces. The Itô and Stratonovich calculus are formulated for spaces with conventional horizontal (holonomic) and vertical (nonholonomic) splitting defined by nonlinear connection structures. Geometric models of the relativistic diffusion theory are elaborated for nonholonomic (pseudo) Riemannian manifolds and phase velocity spaces. Applying the anholonomic deformation method, the field equations in Einstein's gravity and various modifications are formally integrated in general forms, with generic off-diagonal metrics depending on some classes of generating and integration functions. Choosing random generating functions we can construct various classes of stochastic Einstein manifolds. We show how stochastic gravitational interactions with mixed holonomic/nonholonomic and random variables can be modelled in explicit form and study their main geometric and stochastic properties. Finally, the conditions when non-random classical gravitational processes transform into stochastic ones and inversely are analyzed.

Material Science

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-01-22

On Earth when scientists melt metals, bubbles that form in the molten material can rise to the surface, pop and disappear. In microgravity -- the near-weightless environment created as the International Space Station orbits Earth -- the lighter bubbles do not rise and disappear. Prior space experiments have shown that bubbles often become trapped in the final metal or crystal sample -similar to the bubbles trapped in this sample. In the solid, these bubbles, or porosity, are defects that diminish both the material's strength and usefulness. The Pore Formation and Mobility Investigation will melt samples of a transparent modeling material, succinonitrile and succinonitrile water mixtures, shown here in an ampoule being examined by Dr. Richard Grugel, the principal investigator for the experiment at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Ala. As the samples are processed in space, Grugel will be able to observe how bubbles form in the samples and study their movements and interactions.

Black Holes Categorization, Along with the Space(s) they Inhabit, to Explain the Astro-Geophysical Processes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cimorelli, S. A.; Samuels, C.

2011-12-01

We define and categorize black holes (BH) and the space they inhabit. We describe mechanisms for their formation and mechanisms of black hole collisions and explosions/bursts, inside of the universe. These are linked to the formation of galaxies, stars, planets and planetary processes. Insight is gained regarding the formation and evolution of galaxies and the matter contained therein. Space itself must be categorized as to its purpose and properties as it relates to the various categories of black holes and processes ongoing within the space in which the processes occur. What we herein refer to as category-1 (c-1) black hole, formed the universe, by generating catagory-2 (c-2) black holes, say about 10% of which formed galaxies and 90% remain as dark matter in the form of c-2 BHs that are still evolving. C-1 BHs can explode/burst by collision or on their own, and give off great numbers (e.g., trillions) of c-2 BHs inside the universe, in c-2 space, which can become galaxies and which is the start of the universe. C-2 BHs can explode/burst and form a galaxy, containing c-3 space, filled with c-3 BHs. C-3 BHs are somewhat more modified and expanded than c-2 BHs and are formed from exploded/burst c-2 BHs on their own due to instabilities or by colliding with another c-2 BH and exploding/bursting to form gas and dust clouds peppered with c-3 BHs. Additionally, remnants from the exploded c-2 BH may include a range of sizes from minute particles that would contribute to the formation of massive gas and dust clouds peppered with the c-3 BHs; to about 10 to 20 solar masses that form large stars; and others, much smaller (tiny) stars that eventually become planets and moons. Some, eventually explode/burst inside the galaxy to produce the gas and dust clouds that we see inside the galaxy. These gas and dust clouds are peppered with c-4 BHs that eventually are seen as new stars forming in the dust clouds (described below). We envision three mechanisms (a,b,&c) for stellar origin, formation and evolution. The first type 'a' is well known (accepted); whereas, the other two 'b&c' are new and presented herein. The presently generally accepted process 'a,' consists of an accretion and gravitation process where mass comes together from interstellar gas and dust, left over from previous stars' deaths/explosions; or, from some other gas and dust accumulation. In addition, to this process, we propose a process 'b,' where a star originates as an expanded, modified Black Hole (BH) (described later with Figure 4) with none or little help from accretion/gravitation, begins to radiate, and continues to grow into a star. A third process 'c,' is also possible in which a star would originate from a combination of the two mechanisms 'a & b' described above. This latter mechanism is perhaps the most common type. This type starts as an expanded, modified BH inside of a gas and dust cloud. This, then serves as the nucleus that starts the subsequent accretion/gravitation process; however, it greatly accelerates the accretion/gravitation formation process as in the standard process. This mechanism could then explain how some super-cluster complexes, which have been estimated to take 40 to 60 billion years to form, can occur in a universe of a much younger age, as exists.

Black Holes Categorization, along with the Space(s) they inhabit, to explain the Astro-Geophysical Processes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cimorelli, S. A.; Samuels, C.

2012-04-01

We define and categorize black holes (BH) and the space they inhabit. We describe mechanisms for their formation and mechanisms of black hole collisions and explosions/bursts, inside of the universe. These are linked to the formation of galaxies, stars, planets and planetary processes. Insight is gained regarding the formation and evolution of galaxies and the matter contained therein. Space itself must be categorized as to its purpose and properties as it relates to the various categories of black holes and processes ongoing within the space in which the processes occur. What we herein refer to as category-1 (c-1) black hole, formed the universe, by generating catagory-2 (c-2) black holes, say about 10% of which formed galaxies and 90% remain as dark matter in the form of c-2 BHs that are still evolving. C-1 BHs can explode/burst by collision or on their own, and give off great numbers (e.g., trillions) of c-2 BHs inside the universe, in c-2 space, which can become galaxies and which is the start of the universe. C-2 BHs can explode/burst and form a galaxy, containing c-3 space, filled with c-3 BHs. C-3 BHs are somewhat more modified and expanded than c-2 BHs and are formed from exploded/burst c-2 BHs on their own due to instabilities or by colliding with another c-2 BH and exploding/bursting to form gas and dust clouds peppered with c-3 BHs. Additionally, remnants from the exploded c-2 BH may include a range of sizes from minute particles that would contribute to the formation of massive gas and dust clouds peppered with the c-3 BHs; to about 10 to 20 solar masses that form large stars; and others, much smaller (tiny) stars that eventually become planets and moons. Some, eventually explode/burst inside the galaxy to produce the gas and dust clouds that we see inside the galaxy. These gas and dust clouds are peppered with c-4 BHs that eventually are seen as new stars forming in the dust clouds (described below). We envision three mechanisms (a,b,&c) for stellar origin, formation and evolution. The first type 'a' is well known (accepted); whereas, the other two 'b&c' are new and presented herein. The presently generally accepted process 'a,' consists of an accretion and gravitation process where mass comes together from interstellar gas and dust, left over from previous stars' deaths/explosions; or, from some other gas and dust accumulation. In addition, to this process, we propose a process 'b,' where a star originates as an expanded, modified Black Hole (BH) (described later with Figure 4) with none or little help from accretion/gravitation, begins to radiate, and continues to grow into a star. A third process 'c,' is also possible in which a star would originate from a combination of the two mechanisms 'a & b' described above. This latter mechanism is perhaps the most common type. This type starts as an expanded, modified BH inside of a gas and dust cloud. This, then serves as the nucleus that starts the subsequent accretion/gravitation process; however, it greatly accelerates the accretion/gravitation formation process as in the standard process. This mechanism could then explain how some super-cluster complexes, which have been estimated to take 40 to 60 billion years to form, can occur in a universe of a much younger age of 13.5 billion, as exists.

Beyond the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI): Developing a Natural Space Index for population-level health research.

PubMed

Rugel, Emily J; Henderson, Sarah B; Carpiano, Richard M; Brauer, Michael

2017-11-01

Natural spaces can provide psychological benefits to individuals, but population-level epidemiologic studies have produced conflicting results. Refining current exposure-assessment methods is necessary to advance our understanding of population health and to guide the design of health-promoting urban forms. The aim of this study was to develop a comprehensive Natural Space Index that robustly models potential exposure based on the presence, form, accessibility, and quality of multiple forms of greenspace (e.g., parks and street trees) and bluespace (e.g., oceans and lakes). The index was developed for greater Vancouver, Canada. Greenness presence was derived from remote sensing (NDVI/EVI); forms were extracted from municipal and private databases; and accessibility was based on restrictions such as private ownership. Quality appraisals were conducted for 200 randomly sampled parks using the Public Open Space Desktop Appraisal Tool (POSDAT). Integrating these measures in GIS, exposure was assessed for 60,242 postal codes using 100- to 1,600-m buffers based on hypothesized pathways to mental health. A single index was then derived using principal component analysis (PCA). Comparing NDVI with alternate approaches for assessing natural space resulted in widely divergent results, with quintile rankings shifting for 22-88% of postal codes, depending on the measure. Overall park quality was fairly low (mean of 15 on a scale of 0-45), with no significant difference seen by neighborhood-level household income. The final PCA identified three main sets of variables, with the first two components explaining 68% of the total variance. The first component was dominated by the percentages of public and private greenspace and bluespace and public greenspace within 250m, while the second component was driven by lack of access to bluespace within 1 km. Many current approaches to modeling natural space may misclassify exposures and have limited specificity. The Natural Space Index represents a novel approach at a regional scale with application to urban planning and policy-making. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Supervised space robots are needed in space exploration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Erickson, Jon D.

1994-01-01

High level systems engineering models were developed to simulate and analyze the types, numbers, and roles of intelligent systems, including supervised autonomous robots, which will be required to support human space exploration. Conventional and intelligent systems were compared for two missions: (1) a 20-year option 5A space exploration; and (2) the First Lunar Outpost (FLO). These studies indicate that use of supervised intelligent systems on planet surfaces will 'enable' human space exploration. The author points out that space robotics can be considered a form of the emerging technology of field robotics and solutions to many space applications will apply to problems relative to operating in Earth-based hazardous environments.

Space transfer services as a precursor to space business parks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smitherman, David V.

1998-01-01

Boeing Defense and Space Group and NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center conducted a study in 1996-1997 on the topic of commercial space business parks under the sponsorship of the former Office of Advanced Concepts at NASA Headquarters (Marshall 1997). The findings of this 7-month study are used to present possible strategies for near-term commercial developments in space. Related data from NASA studies on public space travel, and commercial space transportation are included along with the author's observations. It is hoped that this analysis will assist future entrepreneurs in the development of commercial space business parks. In conclusion, it appears that a market could soon become viable for commercial space transfer services, and that this market could form the infrastructure to grow the first commercial space business park.

Use of phytochrome-dependent reaction in evaluating the effect of space flight factors on the plant organism

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shteyne, B. A.; Nevzgodina, L. V.; Miller, A. T.

1982-01-01

The effects of space flight factors on lettuce seeds aboard the Kosmos-936 and Kosmos-1129 satellites for 20 days were studied. The phytochrome dependent (PD) reaction of light sensitive seeds was a sensitive criterion for evaluating the biological effects of space flight factors. The PD reaction of air dry lettuce seeds was suppressed after space flight, especially if the seeds were exposed to open space during the flight. Space flight affects the physiological activity of both phytochrome forms, and both the phi sub 730 dependent reactions of lettuce seeds were suppressed.

NAROM - a national laboratory for space education and student rockets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hansen, Arne Hjalmar; Larsen, May Aimee; Østbø, Morten

2001-08-01

Despite a considerable growth in space related industry and scientific research over the past few decades, space related education has largely been neglected in our country. NAROM - the National Centre for Space Related Education - was formed last year to organize space related educational activities, to promote recruitment, to promote appreciation for the benefits of space activities, and to stimulate interest for science in general. This year, nine students from Narvik Engineering College have participated in the Hotel Payload Project (HPP) at Anøya Rocket Range. They have thus played an active and essential role in an ongoing engineering project.

NAROM- a national Laboratory for space education

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hansen, Arne Hjalmar; Østbø, Morten

2002-07-01

Despite a considerable growth in space related industry and scientific research over the past few decades, space related education has largely been neglected in our country. NAROM - the National Centre for Space Related Education - was formed last year to organize space related educational activities, to promote recruitment, to promote appreciation for the benefits of space activities, and to stimulate interest for science in general. This year, nine students from Narvik Engineering College have participated in the Hotel Payload Project (HPP) at Andøya Rocket Range. They have thus played an active and essential role in an ongoing engineering project.

jsc2018m000274_Alpha-Space-Small-Business-Makes-Big-Strides_MP4

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-03-30

The path to discovery and exploration is paved with determination, innovation, and most of all, big ideas. The International Space Station is home to many of those ideas and creating new ways for small businesses, entrepreneurs and researchers to test their science and technology in space every day.Formed in 2015 in response to the need for a commercial payload that would be available to private companies aboard the space station, Alpha Space is a woman- and minority-owned small business responsible for developing the Materials International Space Station Experiment Flight Facility (MISSE-FF).

OAST Space Theme Workshop. Volume 2: Theme summary. 1: Space power (no. 7). A. Theme statement. B. 26 April 1976 presentation. C. Summary. D. Initiative action

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1976-01-01

A long-lived space-based system that converts on-orbit solar and/or nuclear energy to a suitable form for distribution to using space systems is described. Mission applications, requirements, issues, problems, benefits, and technology thrusts are identified for the multipurpose power platform. Power levels of at least 10-100Kw are required for space manufacturing, satellites, and space station operations. Two Mw are needed for a proposed passive radar system. Propulsion system requirements are in the 100Kw-100Mw range.

NASA Johnson Space Center Biomedical Research Resources

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Paloski, W. H.

1999-01-01

Johnson Space Center (JSC) medical sciences laboratories constitute a national resource for support of medical operations and life sciences research enabling a human presence in space. They play a critical role in evaluating, defining, and mitigation the untoward effect of human adaption to space flight. Over the years they have developed the unique facilities and expertise required to perform: biomedical sample analysis and physiological performance tests supporting medical evaluations of space flight crew members and scientific investigations of the operationally relevant medical, physiological, cellular, and biochemical issues associated with human space flight. A general overview of these laboratories is presented in viewgraph form.

Consumerism, disorientation and postmodern space: a modest test of an immodest theory.

PubMed

Woodward, I; Emmison, M; Smith, P

2000-06-01

There has recently been an explosion of theoretical literature on social space. A central claim in this literature is that postmodern spaces are experienced as confusing or disorienting by human subjects. This claim remains untested. The paper reports results from a small-scale survey conducted in one form of postmodern space--the shopping mall. It suggests that unsupported assertions about the disorienting effects of postmodern space and their associated influence on consumerist activities should be treated with scepticism. Through practice humans are able to develop routines which enable them to competently navigate these spaces.

Low-cost Active Structural Control Space Experiment (LASC)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Robinett, Rush; Bukley, Angelia P.

1992-01-01

The DOE Lab Director's Conference identified the need for the DOE National Laboratories to actively and aggressively pursue ways to apply DOE technology to problems of national need. Space structures are key elements of DOD and NASA space systems and a space technology area in which DOE can have a significant impact. LASC is a joint agency space technology experiment (DOD Phillips, NASA Marshall, and DOE Sandia). The topics are presented in viewgraph form and include the following: phase 4 investigator testbed; control of large flexible structures in orbit; INFLEX; Controls, Astrophysics; and structures experiments in space; SARSAT; and LASC mission objectives.

Metallic nanospheres embedded in nanowires initiated on nanostructures and methods for synthesis thereof

DOEpatents

Zaidi, Saleem [Albuquerque, NM; Tringe, Joseph W [Walnut Creek, CA; Vanamu, Ganesh [Sunnyvale, CA; Prinja, Rajiv [Albuquerque, NM

2012-01-10

A nanostructure includes a nanowire having metallic spheres formed therein, the spheres being characterized as having at least one of about a uniform diameter and about a uniform spacing there between. A nanostructure in another embodiment includes a substrate having an area with a nanofeature; and a nanowire extending from the nanofeature, the nanowire having metallic spheres formed therein, the spheres being characterized as having at least one of about a uniform diameter and about a uniform spacing there between. A method for forming a nanostructure is also presented. A method for reading and writing data is also presented. A method for preparing nanoparticles is also presented.

OAST Space Theme Workshop. Volume 3: Working Group Summary. 5: Propulsion (P-1). A. Summary Statement. B. Technology Needs (Form 1). C. Priority Assessments (Form 2)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1976-01-01

All themes require some form of advanced propulsion capabilities to achieve their stated objectives. Requirements cover a broad spectrum ranging from a new generation of heavy lift launch vehicles to low thrust, long lift system for on-orbit operations. The commonality extant between propulsive technologies was established and group technologies were grouped into vehicle classes by functional capability. The five classes of launch vehicles identified by the space transportation theme were augmented with a sixth class, encompassing planetary and on-orbit operations. Propulsion technologies in each class were then ranked, and assigned priority numbers. Prioritized technologies were matched to theme requirements.

Hot gas path component cooling system having a particle collection chamber

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Miranda, Carlos Miguel; Lacy, Benjamin Paul

A cooling system for a hot gas path component includes a substrate having an outer surface and an inner surface. The inner surface defines at least one interior space. A passage is formed in the substrate between the outer surface and the inner surface. An access passage is formed in the substrate and extends from the outer surface to the inner space. The access passage is formed at a first acute angle to the passage and includes a particle collection chamber. The access passage is configured to channel a cooling fluid to the passage. Furthermore, the passage is configured tomore » channel the cooling fluid therethrough to cool the substrate.« less

National facilities study. Volume 5: Space research and development facilities task group

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1994-01-01

With the beginnings of the U.S. space program, there was a pressing need to develop facilities that could support the technology research and development, testing, and operations of evolving space systems. Redundancy in facilities that was once and advantage in providing flexibility and schedule accommodation is instead fast becoming a burden on scarce resources. As a result, there is a clear perception in many sectors that the U.S. has many space R&D facilities that are under-utilized and which are no longer cost-effective to maintain. At the same time, it is clear that the U.S. continues to possess many space R&D facilities which are the best -- or among the best -- in the world. In order to remain world class in key areas, careful assessment of current capabilities and planning for new facilities is needed. The National Facility Study (NFS) was initiated in 1992 to develop a comprehensive and integrated long-term plan for future aerospace facilities that meets current and projected government and commercial needs. In order to assess the nation's capability to support space research and development (R&D), a Space R&D Task Group was formed. The Task Group was co-chaired by NASA and DOD. The Task Group formed four major, technologically- and functionally- oriented working groups: Human and Machine Operations; Information and Communications; Propulsion and Power; and Materials, Structures, and Flight Dynamics. In addition to these groups, three supporting working groups were formed: Systems Engineering and Requirements; Strategy and Policy; and Costing Analysis. The Space R&D Task Group examined several hundred facilities against the template of a baseline mission and requirements model (developed in common with the Space Operations Task Group) and a set of excursions from the baseline. The model and excursions are described in Volume 3 of the NFS final report. In addition, as a part of the effort, the group examined key strategic issues associated with space R&D facilities planning for the U.S., and these are discussed in Section 4 of this volume.

Walking through Architectural Spaces: The Impact of Interior Forms on Human Brain Dynamics

PubMed Central

Banaei, Maryam; Hatami, Javad; Yazdanfar, Abbas; Gramann, Klaus

2017-01-01

Neuroarchitecture uses neuroscientific tools to better understand architectural design and its impact on human perception and subjective experience. The form or shape of the built environment is fundamental to architectural design, but not many studies have shown the impact of different forms on the inhabitants’ emotions. This study investigated the neurophysiological correlates of different interior forms on the perceivers’ affective state and the accompanying brain activity. To understand the impact of naturalistic three-dimensional (3D) architectural forms, it is essential to perceive forms from different perspectives. We computed clusters of form features extracted from pictures of residential interiors and constructed exemplary 3D room models based on and representing different formal clusters. To investigate human brain activity during 3D perception of architectural spaces, we used a mobile brain/body imaging (MoBI) approach recording the electroencephalogram (EEG) of participants while they naturally walk through different interior forms in virtual reality (VR). The results revealed a strong impact of curvature geometries on activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Theta band activity in ACC correlated with specific feature types (rs (14) = 0.525, p = 0.037) and geometry (rs (14) = −0.579, p = 0.019), providing evidence for a role of this structure in processing architectural features beyond their emotional impact. The posterior cingulate cortex and the occipital lobe were involved in the perception of different room perspectives during the stroll through the rooms. This study sheds new light on the use of mobile EEG and VR in architectural studies and provides the opportunity to study human brain dynamics in participants that actively explore and realistically experience architectural spaces. PMID:29033807

Walking through Architectural Spaces: The Impact of Interior Forms on Human Brain Dynamics.

PubMed

Banaei, Maryam; Hatami, Javad; Yazdanfar, Abbas; Gramann, Klaus

2017-01-01

Neuroarchitecture uses neuroscientific tools to better understand architectural design and its impact on human perception and subjective experience. The form or shape of the built environment is fundamental to architectural design, but not many studies have shown the impact of different forms on the inhabitants' emotions. This study investigated the neurophysiological correlates of different interior forms on the perceivers' affective state and the accompanying brain activity. To understand the impact of naturalistic three-dimensional (3D) architectural forms, it is essential to perceive forms from different perspectives. We computed clusters of form features extracted from pictures of residential interiors and constructed exemplary 3D room models based on and representing different formal clusters. To investigate human brain activity during 3D perception of architectural spaces, we used a mobile brain/body imaging (MoBI) approach recording the electroencephalogram (EEG) of participants while they naturally walk through different interior forms in virtual reality (VR). The results revealed a strong impact of curvature geometries on activity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Theta band activity in ACC correlated with specific feature types ( r s (14) = 0.525, p = 0.037) and geometry ( r s (14) = -0.579, p = 0.019), providing evidence for a role of this structure in processing architectural features beyond their emotional impact. The posterior cingulate cortex and the occipital lobe were involved in the perception of different room perspectives during the stroll through the rooms. This study sheds new light on the use of mobile EEG and VR in architectural studies and provides the opportunity to study human brain dynamics in participants that actively explore and realistically experience architectural spaces.

Gouy phase for relativistic quantum particles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ducharme, R.; da Paz, I. G.

2015-08-01

Exact Hermite-Gaussian solutions to the Klein-Gordon equation for particle beams are obtained here that depend on the 4-position of the beam waist. These are Bateman-Hillion solutions that are shown to include Gouy phase and preserve their forms under Lorentz transformations. As the wave function contains two time coordinates, the particle current must be interpreted in a constraint space to reduce the number of independent coordinates. The form of the constraint space is not certain except in the nonrelativistic limit, but a trial form is proposed, enabling the observable properties of the beam to be calculated for future comparison to experiment. These results can be relevant in the theoretical development of singular electron optics since it was shown that the Gouy phase is crucial in this field as well as to investigate a possible Gouy phase effect in Zitterbewegung phenomenon of spin-zero particles. Additionally, the traditional argument that beam solutions belong to a complex shifted spacetime is shown to necessitate a corresponding Born reciprocal shift in 4-momentum space.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vankerschaver, Joris; Liao, Cuicui; Leok, Melvin

The main goal of this paper is to derive an alternative characterization of the multisymplectic form formula for classical field theories using the geometry of the space of boundary values. We review the concept of Type-I/II generating functionals defined on the space of boundary data of a Lagrangian field theory. On the Lagrangian side, we define an analogue of Jacobi's solution to the Hamilton–Jacobi equation for field theories, and we show that by taking variational derivatives of this functional, we obtain an isotropic submanifold of the space of Cauchy data, described by the so-called multisymplectic form formula. As an examplemore » of the latter, we show that Lorentz's reciprocity principle in electromagnetism is a particular instance of the multisymplectic form formula. We also define a Hamiltonian analogue of Jacobi's solution, and we show that this functional is a Type-II generating functional. We finish the paper by defining a similar framework of generating functions for discrete field theories, and we show that for the linear wave equation, we recover the multisymplectic conservation law of Bridges.« less

On the identifiability of inertia parameters of planar Multi-Body Space Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nabavi-Chashmi, Seyed Yaser; Malaek, Seyed Mohammad-Bagher

2018-04-01

This work describes a new formulation to study the identifiability characteristics of Serially Linked Multi-body Space Systems (SLMBSS). The process exploits the so called "Lagrange Formulation" to develop a linear form of Equations of Motion w.r.t the system Inertia Parameters (IPs). Having developed a specific form of regressor matrix, we aim to expedite the identification process. The new approach allows analytical as well as numerical identification and identifiability analysis for different SLMBSSs' configurations. Moreover, the explicit forms of SLMBSSs identifiable parameters are derived by analyzing the identifiability characteristics of the robot. We further show that any SLMBSS designed with Variable Configurations Joint allows all IPs to be identifiable through comparing two successive identification outcomes. This feature paves the way to design new class of SLMBSS for which accurate identification of all IPs is at hand. Different case studies reveal that proposed formulation provides fast and accurate results, as required by the space applications. Further studies might be necessary for cases where planar-body assumption becomes inaccurate.

Microcapsule and methods of making and using microcapsules

DOEpatents

Okawa, David C.; Pastine, Stefan J.; Zettl, Alexander K.; Frechet, Jean M.J.

2014-09-02

An embodiment of a microcapsule includes a shell surrounding a space, a liquid within the shell, and a light absorbing material within the liquid. An embodiment of a method of making microcapsules includes forming a mixture of a light absorbing material and an organic solution. An emulsion of the mixture and an aqueous solution is then formed. A polymerization agent is added to the emulsion, which causes microcapsules to be formed. Each microcapsule includes a shell surrounding a space, a liquid within the shell, and light absorbing material within the liquid. An embodiment of a method of using microcapsules includes providing phototriggerable microcapsules within a bulk material. Each of the phototriggerable microcapsules includes a shell surrounding a space, a chemically reactive material within the shell, and a light absorbing material within the shell. At least some of the phototriggerable microcapsules are exposed to light, which causes the chemically reactive material to release from the shell and to come into contact with bulk material.

FUEL ELEMENT FOR NUCLEAR REACTORS

DOEpatents

Bassett, C.H.

1961-07-11

Nuclear reactor fuel elements of the type in which the flssionsble material is in ceramic form, such as uranium dioxide, are described. The fuel element is comprised of elongated inner and outer concentric spaced tubular members providing an annular space therebetween for receiving the fissionable material, the annular space being closed at both ends and the inner tube being open at both ends. The fuel is in the form of compressed pellets of ceramic fissionsble material having the configuration of split bushings formed with wedge surfaces and arranged in seriated inner and outer concentric groups which are urged against the respective tubes in response to relative axial movement of the pellets in the direction toward each other. The pairs of pellets are axially urged together by a resilient means also enclosed within the annulus. This arrangement-permits relative axial displacement of the pellets during use dial stresses on the inner and outer tube members and yet maintains the fuel pellets in good thermal conductive relationship therewith.

Algebraic Structure of tt * Equations for Calabi-Yau Sigma Models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alim, Murad

2017-08-01

The tt * equations define a flat connection on the moduli spaces of {2d, \\mathcal{N}=2} quantum field theories. For conformal theories with c = 3 d, which can be realized as nonlinear sigma models into Calabi-Yau d-folds, this flat connection is equivalent to special geometry for threefolds and to its analogs in other dimensions. We show that the non-holomorphic content of the tt * equations, restricted to the conformal directions, in the cases d = 1, 2, 3 is captured in terms of finitely many generators of special functions, which close under derivatives. The generators are understood as coordinates on a larger moduli space. This space parameterizes a freedom in choosing representatives of the chiral ring while preserving a constant topological metric. Geometrically, the freedom corresponds to a choice of forms on the target space respecting the Hodge filtration and having a constant pairing. Linear combinations of vector fields on that space are identified with the generators of a Lie algebra. This Lie algebra replaces the non-holomorphic derivatives of tt * and provides these with a finer and algebraic meaning. For sigma models into lattice polarized K3 manifolds, the differential ring of special functions on the moduli space is constructed, extending known structures for d = 1 and 3. The generators of the differential rings of special functions are given by quasi-modular forms for d = 1 and their generalizations in d = 2, 3. Some explicit examples are worked out including the case of the mirror of the quartic in {\\mathbbm{P}^3}, where due to further algebraic constraints, the differential ring coincides with quasi modular forms.

Negative space charge effects in photon-enhanced thermionic emission solar converters

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Segev, G.; Weisman, D.; Rosenwaks, Y.

2015-07-06

In thermionic energy converters, electrons in the gap between electrodes form a negative space charge and inhibit the emission of additional electrons, causing a significant reduction in conversion efficiency. However, in Photon Enhanced Thermionic Emission (PETE) solar energy converters, electrons that are reflected by the electric field in the gap return to the cathode with energy above the conduction band minimum. These electrons first occupy the conduction band from which they can be reemitted. This form of electron recycling makes PETE converters less susceptible to negative space charge loss. While the negative space charge effect was studied extensively in thermionicmore » converters, modeling its effect in PETE converters does not account for important issues such as this form of electron recycling, nor the cathode thermal energy balance. Here, we investigate the space charge effect in PETE solar converters accounting for electron recycling, with full coupling of the cathode and gap models, and addressing conservation of both electric and thermal energy. The analysis shows that the negative space charge loss is lower than previously reported, allowing somewhat larger gaps compared to previous predictions. For a converter with a specific gap, there is an optimal solar flux concentration. The optimal solar flux concentration, the cathode temperature, and the efficiency all increase with smaller gaps. For example, for a gap of 3 μm the maximum efficiency is 38% and the optimal flux concentration is 628, while for a gap of 5 μm the maximum efficiency is 31% and optimal flux concentration is 163.« less

Evaluation of physical and chemical changes in pharmaceuticals flown on space missions.

PubMed

Du, Brian; Daniels, Vernie R; Vaksman, Zalman; Boyd, Jason L; Crady, Camille; Putcha, Lakshmi

2011-06-01

Efficacy and safety of medications used for the treatment of astronauts in space may be compromised by altered stability in space. We compared physical and chemical changes with time in 35 formulations contained in identical pharmaceutical kits stowed on the International Space Station (ISS) and on Earth. Active pharmaceutical content (API) was determined by ultra- and high-performance liquid chromatography after returning to Earth. After stowage for 28 months in space, six medications aboard the ISS and two of matching ground controls exhibited changes in physical variables; nine medications from the ISS and 17 from the ground met the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) acceptance criteria for API content after 28 months of storage. A higher percentage of medications from each flight kit had lower API content than the respective ground controls. The number of medications failing API requirement increased as a function of time in space, independent of expiration date. The rate of degradation was faster in space than on the ground for many of the medications, and most solid dosage forms met USP standard for dissolution after storage in space. Cumulative radiation dose was higher and increased with time in space, whereas temperature and humidity remained similar to those on the ground. Exposure to the chronic low dose of ionizing radiation aboard the spacecraft as well as repackaging of solid dosage forms in flight-specific dispensers may adversely affect stability of pharmaceuticals. Characterization of degradation profiles of unstable formulations and identification of chemical attributes of stability in space analog environments on Earth will facilitate development of space-hardy medications.

Investigation of multidimensional control systems in the state space and wavelet medium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fedosenkov, D. B.; Simikova, A. A.; Fedosenkov, B. A.

2018-05-01

The notions are introduced of “one-dimensional-point” and “multidimensional-point” automatic control systems. To demonstrate the joint use of approaches based on the concepts of state space and wavelet transforms, a method for optimal control in a state space medium represented in the form of time-frequency representations (maps), is considered. The computer-aided control system is formed on the basis of the similarity transformation method, which makes it possible to exclude the use of reduced state variable observers. 1D-material flow signals formed by primary transducers are converted by means of wavelet transformations into multidimensional concentrated-at-a point variables in the form of time-frequency distributions of Cohen’s class. The algorithm for synthesizing a stationary controller for feeding processes is given here. The conclusion is made that the formation of an optimal control law with time-frequency distributions available contributes to the improvement of transient processes quality in feeding subsystems and the mixing unit. Confirming the efficiency of the method presented is illustrated by an example of the current registration of material flows in the multi-feeding unit. The first section in your paper.

System Engineering the Space Infrared Interferometric Telescope (SPIRIT)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hyde, Tristram T.; Leisawitz, David T.; Rinehart, Stephen

2007-01-01

The Space Infrared Interferometric Telescope (SPIRIT) was designed to accomplish three scientific objectives: (1) learn how planetary systems form from protostellar disks and how they acquire their inhomogeneous chemical composition; (2) characterize the family of extrasolar planetary systems by imaging the structure in debris disks to understand how and where planets of different types form; and (3) learn how high-redshift galaxies formed and merged to form the present-day population of galaxies. SPIRIT will accomplish these objectives through infrared observations with a two aperture interferometric instrument. This paper gives an overview of SPIRIT design and operation, and how the three design cycle concept study was completed. The error budget for several key performance values allocates tolerances to all contributing factors, and a performance model of the spacecraft plus instrument system demonstrates meeting those allocations with margin.

Birkhoff Normal Form for Some Nonlinear PDEs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bambusi, Dario

We consider the problem of extending to PDEs Birkhoff normal form theorem on Hamiltonian systems close to nonresonant elliptic equilibria. As a model problem we take the nonlinear wave equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions on [0,π] g is an analytic skewsymmetric function which vanishes for u=0 and is periodic with period 2π in the x variable. We prove, under a nonresonance condition which is fulfilled for most g's, that for any integer M there exists a canonical transformation that puts the Hamiltonian in Birkhoff normal form up to a reminder of order M. The canonical transformation is well defined in a neighbourhood of the origin of a Sobolev type phase space of sufficiently high order. Some dynamical consequences are obtained. The technique of proof is applicable to quite general semilinear equations in one space dimension.

Algebra of implicitly defined constraints for gravity as the general form of embedding theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Paston, S. A.; Semenova, E. N.; Franke, V. A.; Sheykin, A. A.

2017-01-01

We consider the embedding theory, the approach to gravity proposed by Regge and Teitelboim, in which 4D space-time is treated as a surface in high-dimensional flat ambient space. In its general form, which does not contain artificially imposed constraints, this theory can be viewed as an extension of GR. In the present paper we study the canonical description of the embedding theory in this general form. In this case, one of the natural constraints cannot be written explicitly, in contrast to the case where additional Einsteinian constraints are imposed. Nevertheless, it is possible to calculate all Poisson brackets with this constraint. We prove that the algebra of four emerging constraints is closed, i.e., all of them are first-class constraints. The explicit form of this algebra is also obtained.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aoki, Ken-ichi; Tanaka, Nobutada, E-mail: ntanaka@pharm.showa-u.ac.jp; Ishikura, Shuhei

Pig heart carbonyl reductase has been crystallized in the presence of NADPH. Diffraction data have been collected using synchrotron radiation. Pig heart carbonyl reductase (PHCR), which belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family, has been crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. Two crystal forms (I and II) have been obtained in the presence of NADPH. Form I crystals belong to the tetragonal space group P4{sub 2}, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 109.61, c = 94.31 Å, and diffract to 1.5 Å resolution. Form II crystals belong to the tetragonal space group P4{sub 1}2{sub 1}2, with unit-cell parameters amore » = b = 120.10, c = 147.00 Å, and diffract to 2.2 Å resolution. Both crystal forms are suitable for X-ray structure analysis at high resolution.« less

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Geometry of spin coherent states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chryssomalakos, C.; Guzmán-González, E.; Serrano-Ensástiga, E.

2018-04-01

Spin states of maximal projection along some direction in space are called (spin) coherent, and are, in many respects, the ‘most classical’ available. For any spin s, the spin coherent states form a 2-sphere in the projective Hilbert space \

Scientists Toast the Discovery of Vinyl Alcohol in Interstellar Space

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2001-10-01

Astronomers using the National Science Foundation's 12 Meter Telescope at Kitt Peak, AZ, have discovered the complex organic molecule vinyl alcohol in an interstellar cloud of dust and gas near the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. The discovery of this long-sought compound could reveal tantalizing clues to the mysterious origin of complex organic molecules in space. Vinyl Alcohol and its fellow isomers "The discovery of vinyl alcohol is significant," said Barry Turner, a scientist at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO) in Charlottesville, Va., "because it gives us an important tool for understanding the formation of complex organic compounds in interstellar space. It may also help us better understand how life might arise elsewhere in the Cosmos." Vinyl alcohol is an important intermediary in many organic chemistry reactions on Earth, and the last of the three stable members of the C2H4O group of isomers (molecules with the same atoms, but in different arrangements) to be discovered in interstellar space. Turner and his colleague A. J. Apponi of the University of Arizona's Steward Observatory in Tucson detected the vinyl alcohol in Sagittarius B -- a massive molecular cloud located some 26,000 light-years from Earth near the center of our Galaxy. The astronomers were able to detect the specific radio signature of vinyl alcohol during the observational period of May and June of 2001. Their results have been accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters. Of the approximately 125 molecules detected in interstellar space, scientists believe that most are formed by gas-phase chemistry, in which smaller molecules (and occasionally atoms) manage to "lock horns" when they collide in space. This process, though efficient at creating simple molecules, cannot explain how vinyl alcohol and other complex chemicals are formed in detectable amounts. For many years now, scientists have been searching for the right mechanism to explain how the building blocks for vinyl alcohol and other chemicals are able to form the necessary chemical bonds to make larger molecules - those containing as many as six or more atoms. "It has been an ongoing quest to understand exactly how these more complex molecules form and become distributed throughout the interstellar medium," said Turner. Since the 1970s, scientists have speculated that molecules could form on the microscopic dust grains in interstellar clouds. These dust grains are thought to trap the fast-moving molecules. The surface of these grains would then act as a catalyst, similar to a car's catalytic converter, and enable the chemical reactions that form vinyl alcohol and the other complex molecules. The problem with this theory, however, is that the newly formed molecules would remain trapped on the dust grains at the low temperature characteristic of most of interstellar space, and the energy necessary to "knock them off" would also be strong enough to break the chemical bonds that formed them. "This last process has not been well understood," explained Turner. "The current theory explains well how molecules like vinyl alcohol could form, but it doesn't address how these new molecules are liberated from the grains where they are born." To better understand how this might be accomplished, the scientists considered the volatile and highly energetic region of space where these molecules were detected. Turner and others speculate that since this cloud lies near an area of young, energetic star formation, the energy from these stars could evaporate the icy surface layers of the grains. This would liberate the molecules from their chilly nurseries, depositing them into interstellar space where they can be detected by sensitive radio antennas on Earth. Astronomers are able to detect the faint radio signals that these molecules emit as they jump between quantum energy states in the act of rotating or vibrating. Turner cautions, however, that even though this discovery has shed new light on how certain highly complex species form in space, the final answer is still not in hand. "Although vinyl alcohol and its isomeric partners may well have formed on grains," said Turner "another important possibility has been found. The grain evaporative processes near star formation appear to release copious amounts of somewhat simpler molecules such as formaldehyde (H2CO) and methanol (CH3OH), which may be reacting in the gas phase to produce detectable amounts of vinyl alcohol and its isomers." A program to search for other families of isomers is planned, which the astronomers believe could distinguish between these two possibilities. The astronomers used 2- and 3-mm band radio frequencies to make their observations with the 12 Meter Telescope. This telescope was taken off-line by the NRAO to make way for the Atacama Large Millimeter Array, and is now operated by the Steward Observatory of the University of Arizona. Built in 1967, the telescope has had a long and productive history in detecting molecules in space. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation, operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc.

Variational submanifolds of Euclidean spaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krupka, D.; Urban, Z.; Volná, J.

2018-03-01

Systems of ordinary differential equations (or dynamical forms in Lagrangian mechanics), induced by embeddings of smooth fibered manifolds over one-dimensional basis, are considered in the class of variational equations. For a given non-variational system, conditions assuring variationality (the Helmholtz conditions) of the induced system with respect to a submanifold of a Euclidean space are studied, and the problem of existence of these "variational submanifolds" is formulated in general and solved for second-order systems. The variational sequence theory on sheaves of differential forms is employed as a main tool for the analysis of local and global aspects (variationality and variational triviality). The theory is illustrated by examples of holonomic constraints (submanifolds of a configuration Euclidean space) which are variational submanifolds in geometry and mechanics.

Design of a patterned nanostructure array using a nanosecond pulsed laser

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yoshida, Yutaka; Ohnishi, Ko; Matsuo, Yasutaka; Watanabe, Seiichi

2018-04-01

For design the patterned nanostructure array (PNSA) on material surface using a nanosecond pulsed laser, we investigated the influence of phase shift between scattered lights on silicon (Si) substrate using 30-nm-wide gold lines (GLs) spacings. At a spacing of 5,871 nm, ten nanodot (ND) arrays were formed at intervals of 533 nm by nanosecond pulsed laser. The results show that the formation of the PNSA was affected by the resonance of scattered light. We conclude that ND arrays were formed with a spacing of Λ = nλ. And we have designed PNSA comprising two ND arrays on the substrate. The PNSA with dimensions of 1,600 nm × 1,600 nm was prepared using GLs.

Shell Separation for Mirror Replication

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1999-01-01

NASA's Space Optics Manufacturing Center has been working to expand our view of the universe via sophisticated new telescopes. The Optics Center's goal is to develop low-cost, advanced space optics technologies for the NASA program in the 21st century - including the long-term goal of imaging Earth-like planets in distant solar systems. To reduce the cost of mirror fabrication, Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) has developed replication techniques, the machinery, and materials to replicate electro-formed nickel mirrors. Optics replication uses reusable forms, called mandrels, to make telescope mirrors ready for final finishing. MSFC optical physicist Bill Jones monitors a device used to chill a mandrel, causing it to shrink and separate from the telescope mirror without deforming the mirror's precisely curved surface.

Convergence of moment expansions for expectation values with embedded random matrix ensembles and quantum chaos

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kota, V. K. B.

2003-07-01

Smoothed forms for expectation values < K> E of positive definite operators K follow from the K-density moments either directly or in many other ways each giving a series expansion (involving polynomials in E). In large spectroscopic spaces one has to partition the many particle spaces into subspaces. Partitioning leads to new expansions for expectation values. It is shown that all the expansions converge to compact forms depending on the nature of the operator K and the operation of embedded random matrix ensembles and quantum chaos in many particle spaces. Explicit results are given for occupancies < ni> E, spin-cutoff factors < JZ2> E and strength sums < O†O> E, where O is a one-body transition operator.

Individuation in Quantum Mechanics and Space-Time

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jaeger, Gregg

2010-10-01

Two physical approaches—as distinct, under the classification of Mittelstaedt, from formal approaches—to the problem of individuation of quantum objects are considered, one formulated in spatiotemporal terms and one in quantum mechanical terms. The spatiotemporal approach itself has two forms: one attributed to Einstein and based on the ontology of space-time points, and the other proposed by Howard and based on intersections of world lines. The quantum mechanical approach is also provided here in two forms, one based on interference and another based on a new Quantum Principle of Individuation (QPI). It is argued that the space-time approach to individuation fails and that the quantum approach offers several advantages over it, including consistency with Leibniz’s Principle of Identity of Indiscernibles.

Vertical cities - the new form of high-rise construction evolution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akristiniy, Vera A.; Boriskina, Yulia I.

2018-03-01

The article considers the basic principles of the vertical cities formation for the creation of a comfortable urban environment in conditions of rapid population growth and limited territories. As urban growth increases, there is a need for new concepts and approaches to urban space planning through the massive introduction of high-rise construction. The authors analyzed and systematized the list of high-tech solutions for arrangement the space of vertical cities, which are an integral part of the creation of the methodology for forming a high-rise buildings. Their concept differs in scale, presence of the big areas of public spaces, tendencies to self-sufficiency and sustainability, opportunity to offer the new unique comfortable environment to the population living in them.

Optimisation in radiotherapy. III: Stochastic optimisation algorithms and conclusions.

PubMed

Ebert, M

1997-12-01

This is the final article in a three part examination of optimisation in radiotherapy. Previous articles have established the bases and form of the radiotherapy optimisation problem, and examined certain types of optimisation algorithm, namely, those which perform some form of ordered search of the solution space (mathematical programming), and those which attempt to find the closest feasible solution to the inverse planning problem (deterministic inversion). The current paper examines algorithms which search the space of possible irradiation strategies by stochastic methods. The resulting iterative search methods move about the solution space by sampling random variates, which gradually become more constricted as the algorithm converges upon the optimal solution. This paper also discusses the implementation of optimisation in radiotherapy practice.

The Modeling and Control of Acoustic/Structure Interaction Problems via Piezoceramic Actuators: 2-D Numerical Examples

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-04-01

the voltage applied to the it" patch, K ’ is a parameter which depends on the geometry and piezoceramic...in the state space II L 2(fQ) x L2 (F0 ). Here L2(Q) is the quotient space of L2 over the constant functions. The use of the quotient space results...form of the problem, we also define the Hilbert space V = fti(Q) x H(F 0 ) where h!(Q) is the quotient space of Il’ over the constant functions

Analysis and testing of a space crane articulating joint testbed

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sutter, Thomas R.; Wu, K. Chauncey

1992-01-01

The topics are presented in viewgraph form and include: space crane concept with mobile base; mechanical versus structural articulating joint; articulating joint test bed and reference truss; static and dynamic characterization completed for space crane reference truss configuration; improved linear actuators reduce articulating joint test bed backlash; 1-DOF space crane slew maneuver; boom 2 tip transient response finite element dynamic model; boom 2 tip transient response shear-corrected component modes torque driver profile; peak root member force vs. slew time torque driver profile; and open loop control of space crane motion.

Hawking radiation and classical tunneling: A ray phase space approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tracy, E. R.; Zhigunov, D.

2016-01-01

Acoustic waves in fluids undergoing the transition from sub- to supersonic flow satisfy governing equations similar to those for light waves in the immediate vicinity of a black hole event horizon. This acoustic analogy has been used by Unruh and others as a conceptual model for "Hawking radiation." Here, we use variational methods, originally introduced by Brizard for the study of linearized MHD, and ray phase space methods, to analyze linearized acoustics in the presence of background flows. The variational formulation endows the evolution equations with natural Hermitian and symplectic structures that prove useful for later analysis. We derive a 2 × 2 normal form governing the wave evolution in the vicinity of the "event horizon." This shows that the acoustic model can be reduced locally (in ray phase space) to a standard (scalar) tunneling process weakly coupled to a unidirectional non-dispersive wave (the "incoming wave"). Given the normal form, the Hawking "thermal spectrum" can be derived by invoking standard tunneling theory, but only by ignoring the coupling to the incoming wave. Deriving the normal form requires a novel extension of the modular ray-based theory used previously to study tunneling and mode conversion in plasmas. We also discuss how ray phase space methods can be used to change representation, which brings the problem into a form where the wave functions are less singular than in the usual formulation, a fact that might prove useful in numerical studies.

Productivity of Populus in monoclonal and polyclonal blocks at three spacings.

Treesearch

Dean S. DeBell; Constance A. Harrington

1997-01-01

Four Populus clones were grown at three spacings (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 m) in monoclonal plots and in polyclonal plots with all clones in intimate mixture. After the third year, many individual tree and stand traits differed significantly by clone, spacing, deployment method, and their interactions. Differences among clones in growth and stem form were...

The Photovoltaic Array Space Power plus Diagnostics (PASP Plus) Flight Experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Piszczor, Michael F.; Curtis, Henry B.; Guidice, Donald A.; Severance, Paul S.

1992-01-01

An overview of the Photovoltaic Array Space Power Plus Diagnostics (PASP Plus) flight experiment is presented in outline and graphic form. The goal of the experiment is to test a variety of photovoltaic cell and array technologies under various space environmental conditions. Experiment objectives, flight hardware, experiment control and diagnostic instrumentation, and illuminated thermal vacuum testing are addressed.

Shipboard Facilities Maintenance and Manpower Utilization: Problem and Approach

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-11-01

sweeping, butting, polishing, lacquering, stenciling, vacuuming and shampooing , garbage disposal and trash removal, and all manner of sanitary and...spaces, passageways, heads and showers, crew lounge, mess decks, exterior deck and ship sides, and all office spaces; and limited facilities...maintenance in all passageways, heads , mess decks, office spaces, and berthing areas. They will also per- form sanitization and exterior deck and

Extended RMS

NASA Image and Video Library

2005-07-30

S114-E-6077 (30 July 2005) --- The blackness of space and Earth’s horizon form the backdrop for this view while Space Shuttle Discovery was docked to the International Space Station during the STS-114 mission. A portion of Discovery’s remote manipulator system (RMS) robotic arm is visible at lower right and a section of the Station’s truss is visible top frame.

Dissipation and entropy production in open quantum systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Majima, H.; Suzuki, A.

2010-11-01

A microscopic description of an open system is generally expressed by the Hamiltonian of the form: Htot = Hsys + Henviron + Hsys-environ. We developed a microscopic theory of entropy and derived a general formula, so-called "entropy-Hamiltonian relation" (EHR), that connects the entropy of the system to the interaction Hamiltonian represented by Hsys-environ for a nonequilibrium open quantum system. To derive the EHR formula, we mapped the open quantum system to the representation space of the Liouville-space formulation or thermo field dynamics (TFD), and thus worked on the representation space Script L := Script H otimes , where Script H denotes the ordinary Hilbert space while the tilde Hilbert space conjugates to Script H. We show that the natural transformation (mapping) of nonequilibrium open quantum systems is accomplished within the theoretical structure of TFD. By using the obtained EHR formula, we also derived the equation of motion for the distribution function of the system. We demonstrated that by knowing the microscopic description of the interaction, namely, the specific form of Hsys-environ on the representation space Script L, the EHR formulas enable us to evaluate the entropy of the system and to gain some information about entropy for nonequilibrium open quantum systems.

Space disposal of nuclear wastes. Volume 1: Socio-political aspects

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Laporte, T.; Rochlin, G. I.; Metlay, D.; Windham, P.

1976-01-01

The history and interpretation of radioactive waste management in the U.S., criteria for choosing from various options for waste disposal, and the impact of nuclear power growth from 1975 to 2000 are discussed. Preconditions for the existence of high level wastes in a form suitable for space disposal are explored. The role of the NASA space shuttle program in the space disposal of nuclear wastes, and the impact on program management, resources and regulation are examined.

Impact interaction of shells and structural elements of spacecrafts with the particles of space debris and micrometeoroids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gerasimov, A. V.; Pashkov, S. V.; Khristenko, Yu. F.

2017-10-01

Space debris formed during the launch and operation of spacecrafts in the circumterrestrial space, and the flows of micrometeoroids from the depths of space pose a real threat to manned and automatic vehicles. Providing the fracture resistance of aluminum, glass and ceramic spacecraft elements is an important practical task. These materials are widely used in spacecraft elements such as bodies, tanks, windows, glass in optical devices, heat shields, etc.

Glass composition and process for sealing void spaces in electrochemical devices

DOEpatents

Meinhardt, Kerry D [Richland, WA; Kirby, Brent W [Kennewick, WA

2012-05-01

A glass foaming material and method are disclosed for filling void spaces in electrochemical devices. The glass material includes a reagent that foams at a temperature above the softening point of the glass. Expansion of the glass fills void spaces including by-pass and tolerance channels of electrochemical devices. In addition, cassette to cassette seals can also be formed while channels and other void spaces are filled, reducing the number of processing steps needed.

Comparison of Fit of Dentures Fabricated by Traditional Techniques Versus CAD/CAM Technology.

PubMed

McLaughlin, J Bryan; Ramos, Van; Dickinson, Douglas P

2017-11-14

To compare the shrinkage of denture bases fabricated by three methods: CAD/CAM, compression molding, and injection molding. The effect of arch form and palate depth was also tested. Nine titanium casts, representing combinations of tapered, ovoid, and square arch forms and shallow, medium, and deep palate depths, were fabricated using electron beam melting (EBM) technology. For each base fabrication method, three poly(vinyl siloxane) impressions were made from each cast, 27 dentures for each method. Compression-molded dentures were fabricated using Lucitone 199 poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA), and injection molded dentures with Ivobase's Hybrid Pink PMMA. For CAD/CAM, denture bases were designed and milled by Avadent using their Light PMMA. To quantify the space between the denture and the master cast, silicone duplicating material was placed in the intaglio of the dentures, the titanium master cast was seated under pressure, and the silicone was then trimmed and recovered. Three silicone measurements per denture were recorded, for a total of 243 measurements. Each silicone measurement was weighed and adjusted to the surface area of the respective arch, giving an average and standard deviation for each denture. Comparison of manufacturing methods showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.0001). Using a ratio of the means, compression molding had on average 41% to 47% more space than injection molding and CAD/CAM. Comparison of arch/palate forms showed a statistically significant difference (p = 0.023), with shallow palate forms having more space with compression molding. The ovoid shallow form showed CAD/CAM and compression molding had more space than injection molding. Overall, injection molding and CAD/CAM fabrication methods produced equally well-fitting dentures, with both having a better fit than compression molding. Shallow palates appear to be more affected by shrinkage than medium or deep palates. Shallow ovoid arch forms appear to benefit from the use of injection molding compared to CAD/CAM and compression molding. © 2017 by the American College of Prosthodontists.

Macro Level Simulation Model Of Space Shuttle Processing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

The contents include: 1) Space Shuttle Processing Simulation Model; 2) Knowledge Acquisition; 3) Simulation Input Analysis; 4) Model Applications in Current Shuttle Environment; and 5) Model Applications for Future Reusable Launch Vehicles (RLV's). This paper is presented in viewgraph form.

75 FR 13310 - Notice of Information Collection

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-19

... collection techniques or the use of other forms of information technology. Brenda Maxwell, NASA PRA Clearance... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [NOTICE 10-027] Notice of Information Collection... information collection. SUMMARY: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, as part of its continuing...

RMS arm extended over Earth view

NASA Image and Video Library

2005-08-02

ISS011-E-11414 (2 August 2005) --- A line of thunderstorms form the backdrop for this view of the extended Space Shuttle Discovery’s remote manipulator system (RMS) robotic arm while docked to the International Space Station during the STS-114 mission.

14 CFR 1213.100 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION RELEASE OF INFORMATION TO NEWS AND INFORMATION... is defined as information in any form provided to news and information media, especially information..., but are not limited to, press releases, media advisories, news features, and Web postings. Not...

Trends in space launch services : globalization and commercial development : Quarterly Launch Report : special report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-01-01

Launch service providers are leading the globalization of the space industry by forming international partnerships. The end of the Cold : War has created an environment that favors cooperation between manufacturers of high technology launch systems, ...

Conformal Collineations of the Ricci and Energy-Momentum Tensors in Static Plane Symmetric Space-Times

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akhtar, S. S.; Hussain, T.; Bokhari, A. H.; Khan, F.

2018-04-01

We provide a complete classification of static plane symmetric space-times according to conformal Ricci collineations (CRCs) and conformal matter collineations (CMCs) in both the degenerate and nondegenerate cases. In the case of a nondegenerate Ricci tensor, we find a general form of the vector field generating CRCs in terms of unknown functions of t and x subject to some integrability conditions. We then solve the integrability conditions in different cases depending upon the nature of the Ricci tensor and conclude that the static plane symmetric space-times have a 7-, 10- or 15-dimensional Lie algebra of CRCs. Moreover, we find that these space-times admit an infinite number of CRCs if the Ricci tensor is degenerate. We use a similar procedure to study CMCs in the case of a degenerate or nondegenerate matter tensor. We obtain the exact form of some static plane symmetric space-time metrics that admit nontrivial CRCs and CMCs. Finally, we present some physical applications of our obtained results by considering a perfect fluid as a source of the energy-momentum tensor.

Biomineral nanoparticles are space-filling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Li; Killian, Christopher E.; Kunz, Martin; Tamura, Nobumichi; Gilbert, P. U. P. A.

2011-02-01

Sea urchin biominerals have been shown to form from aggregating nanoparticles of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), which then crystallize into macroscopic single crystals of calcite. Here we measure the surface areas of these biominerals and find them to be comparable to those of space-filling macroscopic geologic calcite crystals. These biominerals differ from synthetic mesocrystals, which are invariably porous. We propose that space-filling ACC is the structural precursor for echinoderm biominerals.Sea urchin biominerals have been shown to form from aggregating nanoparticles of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), which then crystallize into macroscopic single crystals of calcite. Here we measure the surface areas of these biominerals and find them to be comparable to those of space-filling macroscopic geologic calcite crystals. These biominerals differ from synthetic mesocrystals, which are invariably porous. We propose that space-filling ACC is the structural precursor for echinoderm biominerals. This article was submitted as part of a Themed Issue on Crystallization and Formation Mechanisms of Nanostructures. Other papers on this topic can be found in issue 11 of vol. 2 (2010). This issue can be found from the Nanoscale homepage [http://www.rsc.org/nanoscale

Jellyfish: Special Tools for Biological Research on Earth and in Space

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Spangenberg, Dorothy B.

1991-01-01

The most intriguing nature of the jellyfish polyps is their ability to metamorphose, giving rise to tiny immature medusae called ephyrae which have a different form or shape from the polyps. The Aurelia Metamorphosis Test System was used to determine the subtle effects of hydrocarbons found in oil spills and the effects of X-irradiation on developing ephyrae. Currently, this test system is used to determine the effects of the gravity-less environment of outer space on the development and behavior of ephyrae. For this purpose, the effects of clinostat rotation on development of the ephyrae and their gravity receptor are being studied. The behavior of the ephyrae during 0 gravity achieved for short intervals of 30 seconds in parabolic flight is examined. The developing ephyrae and the mature ephyrae are exposed to gravity-less environment of outer space via a six or seven day shuttle experiment. If gravity receptors do form in outer space, they will be studied in detail using various types of microscopes, including the electron microscope, to determin whether they developed normally in space as compared with control on Earth.

Vacuum Plasma Spray Forming of Tungsten Lorentz Force Accelerator Components

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zimmerman, Frank R.

2001-01-01

The Vacuum Plasma Spray (VPS) Laboratory at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center has developed and demonstrated a fabrication technique using the VPS process to form anode sections for a Lorentz force accelerator from tungsten. Lorentz force accelerators are an attractive form of electric propulsion that provides continuous, high-efficiency propulsion at useful power levels for such applications as orbit transfers or deep space missions. The VPS process is used to deposit refractory metals such as tungsten onto a graphite mandrel of the desired shape. Because tungsten is reactive at high temperatures, it is thermally sprayed in an inert environment where the plasma gun melts and accelerates the metal powder onto the mandrel. A three-axis robot inside the chamber controls the motion of the plasma spray torch. A graphite mandrel acts as a male mold, forming the required contour and dimensions of the inside surface of the anode. This paper describes the processing techniques, design considerations, and process development associated with the VPS forming of the Lorentz force accelerator.

Crystal structures and properties of two new pseudopolymorphic modifications of the glucocorticoide triamcinolone diacetate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suitchmezian, Viktor; Jeß, Inke; Näther, Christian

2006-11-01

Two new solvates of triamcinolone diacetate were found in addition, to those reported previously. The acetonitrile solvate (form E) crystallizes monoclinic in space group P2 1, whereas the methylene chloride solvate (form F) crystallizes orthorhombic in space group P2 12 12 1. In all forms the triamcinolone diacetate molecules are linked by intermolecular hydrogen bonding. From this arrangement channels are formed in which the solvent molecules are embedded. Both forms were investigated by differential thermoanalysis and thermogravimetry. On heating, for each form a mass loss is observed, which is accompanied with endothermic events in the DTA curve. Mass spectroscopic investigations clearly shows that in this step the solvent molecules are emitted. In these measurements one cannot differ between desolvation and melting. If the residues formed after the first TG steps are investigated by X-ray powder diffraction, only amorphous samples are obtained. If the solvents are removed at room temperature under normal pressure or in vacuum the commercial available form of triamcinolone diacetate is obtained which is also used in therapy. If the acetonitrile solvate is tempered at 80 °C for several days significant changes in the powder pattern are observed, which may indicate the formation of a new polymorphic form.

Space commerce in a global economy: Comparison of US and Australian approaches

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stone, Barbara A.; Page, John R.

1993-01-01

The United States and Australia are among the 20 or more nations of the world having industries currently engaging in some form of space commerce. As a matter of national policy, the United States has encouraged private investment and involvement in space activities since 1984, when the Congress declared it in the best interest of the Nation that NASA '...seek and encourage to the maximum extent possible, the fullest commercial use of space.' Australia's space policy, announced in 1986, has the objective of encouraging greater involvement by industry in space research and development, and the development of commercial space activities. This paper discusses the underlying policies, current status, and prospects for the future of commercial space business activities in the two countries.

Modelling of Tethered Space-Web Structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McKenzie, D. J.; Cartnell, M. P.

Large structures in space are an essential milestone in the path of many projects, from solar power collectors to space stations. In space, as on Earth, these large projects may be split up into more manageable sections, dividing the task into multiple replicable parts. Specially constructed spider robots could assemble these structures piece by piece over a membrane or space- web, giving a method for building a structure while on orbit. The modelling and applications of these space-webs are discussed, along with the derivation of the equations of motion of the structure. The presentation of some preliminary results from the solution of these equations will show that space-webs can take a variety of different forms, and give some guidelines for configuring the space-web system.

BPS Jumping Loci are Automorphic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kachru, Shamit; Tripathy, Arnav

2018-06-01

We show that BPS jumping loci-loci in the moduli space of string compactifications where the number of BPS states jumps in an upper semi-continuous manner—naturally appear as Fourier coefficients of (vector space-valued) automorphic forms. For the case of T 2 compactification, the jumping loci are governed by a modular form studied by Hirzebruch and Zagier, while the jumping loci in K3 compactification appear in a story developed by Oda and Kudla-Millson in arithmetic geometry. We also comment on some curious related automorphy in the physics of black hole attractors and flux vacua.

The data array, a tool to interface the user to a large data base

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Foster, G. H.

1974-01-01

Aspects of the processing of spacecraft data is considered. Use of the data array in a large address space as an intermediate form in data processing for a large scientific data base is advocated. Techniques for efficient indexing in data arrays are reviewed and the data array method for mapping an arbitrary structure onto linear address space is shown. A compromise between the two forms is given. The impact of the data array on the user interface are considered along with implementation.

Research in Knowledge Representation for Natural Language Communication and Planning Assistance

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-10-01

elements of PFR Instants of time are represented as individuals where they form a continuum Let "seconds" map real numbers to instants where "seconds(n...34 denotes n seconds. Points in space form a 3-dimensional continuum. Changing relations are represented as functions on instants of time. Formulas and...occupies at time t. "occ.space(x)(t)" is defined iff x is a physical object, I is an instant of lime, and x exists at t Further, x must occupy a non

Phase 3 study of selected tether applications in space. Volume 2: Study results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1986-01-01

Engineering designs were developed relative to a tethered launch assist from the Shuttle for payloads up to 10,000 kg mass and the tethering of a 15,000 kg science platform from the space station. These designs are used for a cost benefit analysis which assesses the feasibility of using such systems as a practical alternative to what would otherwise be accomplished by conventional means. The term conventional as related to both these applications is intended to apply to the use of some form(s) of chemical propulsion system.

Managing Space Situational Awareness Using the Space Surveillance Network

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-11-14

This  report examines  the  use   of  utility metrics  from  two  forms  of  expected  information  gain for each object‐sensor pair as well as the...examines the use of utility metrics from two forms of expected information gain for each object-sensor pair as well as the approximated stability of the...estimation errors in order to work towards a tasking strategy. The information theoretic approaches use the calculation of Fisher information gain

MEA/A-1 experiment 81F01 conducted on STS-7 flight, June 1983. Containerless processing of glass forming melts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Day, D. E.; Ray, C. S.

1983-01-01

The space processing of containerless, glassforming melts on board the space shuttle flight STS-7 is investigated. Objectives include; (1) obtain quantitative evidence for the supression of heterogeneous nucleation/crystallization, (2) study melt homogenization without gravity driven convection, (3) procedural development for bubble free, high purity homogeneous melts inmicro-g, (4) comparative analysis of melts on Earth and in micro g, and (5) assess the apparatus for processing multicomponent, glass forming melts in a low gravity environment.

Renal-Stone Risk Assessment During Space Shuttle Flights

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Whitson, Peggy A.; Pietrzyk, Robert A.; Pak, Charles Y. C.

1996-01-01

The metabolic and environmental factors influencing renal stone formation before, during, and after Space Shuttle flights were assessed. We established the contributing roles of dietary factors in relationship to the urinary risk factors associated with renal stone formation. 24-hr urine samples were collected prior to, during space flight, and following landing. Urinary factors associated with renal stone formation were analyzed and the relative urinary supersaturation ratios of calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate (brushite), sodium urate, struvite and uric acid were calculated. Food and fluid consumption was recorded for a 48-hr period ending with the urine collection. Urinary composition changed during flight to favor the crystallization of stone-forming salts. Factors that contributed to increased potential for stone formation during space flight were significant reductions in urinary pH and increases in urinary calcium. Urinary output and citrate, a potent inhibitor of calcium-containing stones, were slightly reduced during space flight. Dietary intakes were significantly reduced for a number of variables, including fluid, energy, protein, potassium, phosphorus and magnesium. This is the first in-flight characterization of the renal stone forming potential in astronauts. With the examination of urinary components and nutritional factors, it was possible to determine the factors that contributed to increased risk or protected from risk. In spite of the protective components, the negative contributions to renal stone risk predominated and resulted in a urinary environment that favored the supersaturation of stone-forming salts. The importance of the hypercalciuria was noted since renal excretion was high relative to the intake.

14 CFR 385.4 - Form of staff action.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Form of staff action. 385.4 Section 385.4...) ORGANIZATION STAFF ASSIGNMENTS AND REVIEW OF ACTION UNDER ASSIGNMENTS General Provisions § 385.4 Form of staff action. Unless otherwise specified, staff action shall be by order or informal writing (letters...

14 CFR 385.4 - Form of staff action.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Form of staff action. 385.4 Section 385.4...) ORGANIZATION STAFF ASSIGNMENTS AND REVIEW OF ACTION UNDER ASSIGNMENTS General Provisions § 385.4 Form of staff action. Unless otherwise specified, staff action shall be by order or informal writing (letters...

14 CFR 385.4 - Form of staff action.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Form of staff action. 385.4 Section 385.4...) ORGANIZATION STAFF ASSIGNMENTS AND REVIEW OF ACTION UNDER ASSIGNMENTS General Provisions § 385.4 Form of staff action. Unless otherwise specified, staff action shall be by order or informal writing (letters...

14 CFR 385.4 - Form of staff action.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Form of staff action. 385.4 Section 385.4...) ORGANIZATION STAFF ASSIGNMENTS AND REVIEW OF ACTION UNDER ASSIGNMENTS General Provisions § 385.4 Form of staff action. Unless otherwise specified, staff action shall be by order or informal writing (letters...

14 CFR 385.4 - Form of staff action.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Form of staff action. 385.4 Section 385.4...) ORGANIZATION STAFF ASSIGNMENTS AND REVIEW OF ACTION UNDER ASSIGNMENTS General Provisions § 385.4 Form of staff action. Unless otherwise specified, staff action shall be by order or informal writing (letters...

Space and Industrial Brine Drying Technologies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, Harry W.; Wisniewski, Richard S.; Flynn, Michael; Shaw, Hali

2014-01-01

This survey describes brine drying technologies that have been developed for use in space and industry. NASA has long considered developing a brine drying system for the International Space Station (ISS). Possible processes include conduction drying in many forms, spray drying, distillation, freezing and freeze drying, membrane filtration, and electrical processes. Commercial processes use similar technologies. Some proposed space systems combine several approaches. The current most promising candidates for use on the ISS use either conduction drying with membrane filtration or spray drying.

Hidden symmetries in Sasaki-Einstein geometries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Slesar, V.; Visinescu, M.; Vîlcu, G. E.

2017-07-01

We describe a method for constructing Killing-Yano tensors on Sasaki spaces using their geometrical properties, without the need of solving intricate generalized Killing equations. We obtain the Killing-Yano tensors on toric Sasaki-Einstein spaces using the fact that the metric cones of these spaces are Calabi-Yau manifolds which in turn are described in terms of toric data. We extend the search of Killing-Yano tensors on mixed 3-Sasakian manifolds. We illustrate the method by explicit construction of Killing forms on some spaces of current interest.

Sparse aperiodic arrays for optical beam forming and LIDAR.

PubMed

Komljenovic, Tin; Helkey, Roger; Coldren, Larry; Bowers, John E

2017-02-06

We analyze optical phased arrays with aperiodic pitch and element-to-element spacing greater than one wavelength at channel counts exceeding hundreds of elements. We optimize the spacing between waveguides for highest side-mode suppression providing grating lobe free steering in full visible space while preserving the narrow beamwidth. Optimum waveguide placement strategies are derived and design guidelines for sparse (> 1.5 λ and > 3 λ average element spacing) optical phased arrays are given. Scaling to larger array areas by means of tiling is considered.

Clock Technology Development in the Laser Cooling and Atomic Physics (LCAP) Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Seidel, Dave; Thompson, R. J.; Klipstein, W. M.; Kohel, J.; Maleki, L.

2000-01-01

This paper presents the Laser Cooling and Atomic Physics (LCAP) program. It focuses on clock technology development. The topics include: 1) Overview of LCAP Flight Projects; 2) Space Clock 101; 3) Physics with Clocks in microgravity; 4) Space Clock Challenges; 5) LCAP Timeline; 6) International Space Station (ISS) Science Platforms; 7) ISS Express Rack; 8) Space Qualification of Components; 9) Laser Configuration; 10) Clock Rate Comparisons: GPS Carrier Phase Frequency Transfer; and 11) ISS Model Views. This paper is presented in viewgraph form.

Certain problems of space biotechnology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gilyarov, V. N.

1980-01-01

Experiments in the field of biotechnology conducted by the USA Apollo and Skylab space probes are described, as well as the joint Soviet-American Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP). Experiments in electrophoretic separation in space of biological compounds in a liquid medium are detailed. Space processing of vaccines and separation of human and animal cells are described. Methyl-cellulose, a coating for use in electrophoresis was developed. Erythropoietin, which stimulates the formation of red blood corpuscles in bone marrow, was obtained in pure form.

TRASYS form factor matrix normalization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tsuyuki, Glenn T.

1992-01-01

A method has been developed for adjusting a TRASYS enclosure form factor matrix to unity. This approach is not limited to closed geometries, and in fact, it is primarily intended for use with open geometries. The purpose of this approach is to prevent optimistic form factors to space. In this method, nodal form factor sums are calculated within 0.05 of unity using TRASYS, although deviations as large as 0.10 may be acceptable, and then, a process is employed to distribute the difference amongst the nodes. A specific example has been analyzed with this method, and a comparison was performed with a standard approach for calculating radiation conductors. In this comparison, hot and cold case temperatures were determined. Exterior nodes exhibited temperature differences as large as 7 C and 3 C for the hot and cold cases, respectively when compared with the standard approach, while interior nodes demonstrated temperature differences from 0 C to 5 C. These results indicate that temperature predictions can be artificially biased if the form factor computation error is lumped into the individual form factors to space.

Meals in orbit. [Space Shuttle food service planning

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

Space foods which will be available to the Space Shuttle crew are discussed in view of the research and development of proper nutrition in space that began with the pastelike tube meals of the Mercury and Gemini astronauts. The variety of food types proposed for the Space Shuttle crew which include thermostabilized, intermediate moisture, rehydratable, irradiated, freeze-dried and natural forms are shown to be a result of the successive improvements in the Apollo, Skylab and Apollo Soyuz test project flights. The Space Shuttle crew will also benefit from an increase of caloric content (3,000 cal./day), the convenience of a real oven and a comfortable dining and kitchen area.

Why Space Telescopes Are Amazing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rigby, Jane R.

2012-01-01

One of humanity's best ideas has been to put telescopes in space. The dark stillness of space allows telescopes to perform much better than they can on even the darkest and clearest of Earth's mountaintops. In addition, from space we can detect colors of light, like X-rays and gamma rays, that are blocked by the Earth's atmosphere I'll talk about NASA's team of great observatories: the Hubble Space Telescope, Spitzer Space Telescope, and Chandra X-ray Observatory} and how they've worked together to answer key questions: When did the stars form? Is there really dark matter? Is the universe really expanding ever faster and faster?

Space - It's not just for governments anymore

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stone, Barbara A.; Kleber, Peter

1992-01-01

Space initiatives have traditionally been in the exclusive domain of national government. Over the last decades, this has begun to change dramatically as commercial development of space has attracted increasing international attention. Businesses in at least 20 countries worldwide now engage in some form of space commerce. These businesses, which range from strictly entrepreneurial to government corporations, are seeking to do business in every commercial space sector. This paper details the current status and prospects for the future of space commerce in the United States and Europe, focusing on the programs of France, Germany, and Italy. Included are analyses of representative successes and failures of these activities.

Study of space charge layer in silver bromide microcrystals by means of ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tani, Tadaaki; Inami, Yoshiyasu

2000-09-01

Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy has been successfully used to measure the heights of the tops of the valence bands of the surfaces of AgBr layers on Ag substrates for the verification of the space charge layer model. According to this model, the positive space charge layer (composed of negative charges with excess negative kink sites on the surface and corresponding positive charges with interstitial silver ions in the interior) is formed in silver halides, causing the difference in the electronic energy levels between their surface and interior. The depression of the positive space charge layer of AgBr caused by such adsorbates as photographic stabilizers and antifoggants was estimated from the decrease in the ionic conductivity of cubic AgBr microcrystals by the adsorbates. It was confirmed by the decrease in the heights of the tops of the valence bands of the surfaces of AgBr layers caused by the adsorbates in the presence of thin gelatin membranes on their surfaces. This result provided the explanation for the fact that the adsorbates increased the number of the microcrystals which formed latent image centers on the surface and decreased the number of the microcrystals, which formed latent image centers in the interior.

Einstein-Cartan Theory of Gravitation: Kinematical Parameters and Maxwell Equations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Katkar, L. N.

2015-03-01

In the space-time manifold of Einstein-Cartan Theory (ECT) of gravitation, the expressions for the time-like kinematical parameters are derived and the propagation equation for expansion is obtained.It has been observed that when the spin tensor is u-orthogonal the spin of the gravitating matter has no influence on the propagation equation of expansion while it has influence when it is not u-orthogonal. The usual formula for the curl of gradient of a scalar function is not zero in ECT. So is the case with the divergence of the curl of a vector.Their expressions on the space-time manifold of ECT are derived. A new derivative operator d ∗ is introduced to develop the calculus on space-time manifold of ECT. It is obtained by taking the covariant derivative of an associated tensor of a form with respect to an asymmetric connections. We have used this differential operator to obtain the form of the Maxwell's equations in the ECT of gravitation. Cartan's equations of structure are also derived through the new derivative operator. It has been shown that unlike the consequences of exterior derivative in Einstein space-time, the repetition of d ∗ on a form of any degree is not zero.

Method and apparatus for depositing a coating on a tape carrier

DOEpatents

Storer, Jonathan; Matias, Vladimir

2010-06-15

A system and method for depositing ceramic materials, such as nitrides and oxides, including high temperature superconducting oxides on a tape substrate. The system includes a tape support assembly that comprises a rotatable drum. The rotatable drum supports at least one tape substrate axially disposed on the surface of the drum during the deposition of metals on the tape and subsequent oxidation to form the ceramic materials. The drum is located within a stator having a slot that is axially aligned with the drum. A space exists between the drum and stator. The space is filled with a predetermined partial pressure of a reactive gas. The drum, stator, and space are heated to a predetermined temperature. To form the ceramic material on the tape substrate, the drum is first rotated to align the tape substrate with the slot, and at least one metal is deposited on the substrate. The drum then continues to rotate, bringing the tape substrate into the space, where the metal deposited on the tape substrate reacts with the reactive gas to form the ceramic material. In one embodiment, the tape support system also includes a pay-out/take-up system that co-rotates with the drum and provides a continuous length of tape substrate.

Detection of the Compressed Primary Stellar Wind in eta Carinae*

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Teodoro, M.; Madura, T. I.; Gull, T. R.; Corcoran, M. F.; Hamaguchi, K.

2013-01-01

A series of three Hubble Space Telescope Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (HST/STIS) spectroscopic mappings, spaced approximately one year apart, reveal three partial arcs in [Fe II] and [Ni II] emissions moving outward from ? Carinae. We identify these arcs with the shell-like structures, seen in the 3D hydrodynamical simulations, formed by compression of the primary wind by the secondary wind during periastron passages.

Development and Application of Methods for Estimating Operating Characteristics of Discrete Test Item Responses without Assuming any Mathematical Form.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Samejima, Fumiko

In latent trait theory the latent space, or space of the hypothetical construct, is usually represented by some unidimensional or multi-dimensional continuum of real numbers. Like the latent space, the item response can either be treated as a discrete variable or as a continuous variable. Latent trait theory relates the item response to the latent…

Consortium for the Application of Space Data to Education - CASDE

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zygielbaum, A.; Rundquist, D.; Stork, E. J.

1995-01-01

From Background section: The Conortium for the Application of Space Data to Education (CASDE) was formed to make space data holdings more easily accessible to educators and students. CASDE will take an even greater step and work with educators to develop specific sets of data and information, and concomitant software to apply these holdings to specific curricula in a diverse set of subjects.

Synthesis of macroporous structures

DOEpatents

Stein, Andreas; Holland, Brian T.; Blanford, Christopher F.; Yan, Hongwei

2004-01-20

The present application discloses a method of forming an inorganic macroporous material. In some embodiments, the method includes: providing a sample of organic polymer particles having a particle size distribution of no greater than about 10%; forming a colloidal crystal template of the sample of organic polymer particles, the colloidal crystal template including a plurality of organic polymer particles and interstitial spaces therebetween; adding an inorganic precursor composition including a noncolloidal inorganic precursor to the colloidal crystal template such that the precursor composition permeates the interstitial spaces between the organic polymer particles; converting the noncolloidal inorganic precursor to a hardened inorganic framework; and removing the colloidal crystal template from the hardened inorganic framework to form a macroporous material. Inorganic macroporous materials are also disclosed.

Hidden symmetries on Kerr-NUT-(A)dS metrics of Einstein-Sasaki type

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Visinescu, Mihai

2013-01-01

The hidden symmetries of higher dimensional Euclideanised Kerr-NUT-(A)dS metrics are investigated. In certain scaling limits these metrics are related to the Einstein-Sasaki ones. The complete set of Killing-Yano tensors of the Einstein-Sasaki spaces are presented. For this purpose the Killing forms of the Calabi-Yau cone over the Einstein-Sasaki manifold are constructed. Two new Killing forms on Einstein-Sasaki manifolds are identified associated with the complex volume form of the cone manifolds. As a concrete example we present the complete set of Killing-Yano tensors on the five-dimensional Einstein-Sasaki Y(p, q) spaces. The corresponding hidden symmetries are not anomalous and the geodesic equations are superintegrable.

Photonic crystal devices formed by a charged-particle beam

DOEpatents

Lin, Shawn-Yu; Koops, Hans W. P.

2000-01-01

A photonic crystal device and method. The photonic crystal device comprises a substrate with at least one photonic crystal formed thereon by a charged-particle beam deposition method. Each photonic crystal comprises a plurality of spaced elements having a composition different from the substrate, and may further include one or more impurity elements substituted for spaced elements. Embodiments of the present invention may be provided as electromagnetic wave filters, polarizers, resonators, sources, mirrors, beam directors and antennas for use at wavelengths in the range from about 0.2 to 200 microns or longer. Additionally, photonic crystal devices may be provided with one or more electromagnetic waveguides adjacent to a photonic crystal for forming integrated electromagnetic circuits for use at optical, infrared, or millimeter-wave frequencies.

Simulation of Aluminum Micro-mirrors for Space Applications at Cryogenic Temperatures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kuhn, J. L.; Dutta, S. B.; Greenhouse, M. A.; Mott, D. B.

2000-01-01

Closed form and finite element models are developed to predict the device response of aluminum electrostatic torsion micro-mirrors fabricated on silicon substrate for space applications at operating temperatures of 30K. Initially, closed form expressions for electrostatic pressure arid mechanical restoring torque are used to predict the pull-in and release voltages at room temperature. Subsequently, a detailed mechanical finite element model is developed to predict stresses and vertical beam deflection induced by the electrostatic and thermal loads. An incremental and iterative solution method is used in conjunction with the nonlinear finite element model and closed form electrostatic equations to solve. the coupled electro-thermo-mechanical problem. The simulation results are compared with experimental measurements at room temperature of fabricated micro-mirror devices.

Data systems and computer science space data systems: Onboard networking and testbeds

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dalton, Dan

1991-01-01

The technical objectives are to develop high-performance, space-qualifiable, onboard computing, storage, and networking technologies. The topics are presented in viewgraph form and include the following: justification; technology challenges; program description; and state-of-the-art assessment.

14 CFR § 1213.100 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION RELEASE OF INFORMATION TO NEWS AND..., which is defined as information in any form provided to news and information media, especially... include, but are not limited to, press releases, media advisories, news features, and Web postings. Not...

14 CFR 1213.100 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION RELEASE OF INFORMATION TO NEWS AND..., which is defined as information in any form provided to news and information media, especially... include, but are not limited to, press releases, media advisories, news features, and Web postings. Not...

14 CFR 1213.100 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION RELEASE OF INFORMATION TO NEWS AND..., which is defined as information in any form provided to news and information media, especially... include, but are not limited to, press releases, media advisories, news features, and Web postings. Not...

Vertical integration from the large Hilbert space

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Erler, Theodore; Konopka, Sebastian

2017-12-01

We develop an alternative description of the procedure of vertical integration based on the observation that amplitudes can be written in BRST exact form in the large Hilbert space. We relate this approach to the description of vertical integration given by Sen and Witten.

Logic Design Pathology and Space Flight Electronics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Katz, Richard B.; Barto, Rod L.; Erickson, Ken

1999-01-01

This paper presents a look at logic design from early in the US Space Program and examines faults in recent logic designs. Most examples are based on flight hardware failures and analysis of new tools and techniques. The paper is presented in viewgraph form.

Life Sciences MIS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dittman, R. A.; Marks, V.

1983-01-01

Management Information System, MIS, provides Life Sciences Projects Division at Johnson Space Center with automated system for project managment. MIS utilizes Tektronix 4027 color graphics display terminal and form-fillout capability. User interface with MIS data base is through series of forms.

Cool Stars May Have Different Prebiotic Chemical Mix

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-04-07

NASA Spitzer Space Telescope detected a prebiotic, or potentially life-forming, molecule called hydrogen cyanide HCN in the planet-forming disks around yellow stars like our sun, but not in the disks around cooler, reddish stars.

Fluid Physics

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-12-12

These are video microscope images of magnetorheological (MR) fluids, illuminated with a green light. Those on Earth, left, show the MR fluid forming columns or spikes structures. On the right, the fluids in microgravity aboard the International Space Station (ISS), formed broader columns.

77 FR 55837 - Information Collection Being Reviewed by the Federal Communications Commission

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-11

..., Satellite Network Stations and Space Stations. Form No.: FCC Form 312; Schedule S. Type of Review: Extension... determine the technical and legal qualifications of applicants or licensees to operate a station, transfer...

Life and Death in a Star-Forming Cloud

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-11-14

W44 is located around 10,000 light-years away, within a forest of dense star-forming clouds in the constellation of Aquila, the Eagle. This image combines data from ESA Herschel and XXM-Newton space observatories.

Self-equilibrated Tapered Three-stage Tensegrity Mast

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oh, C. L.; Choong, K. K.; Nishimura, T.; Lee, S. W.

2018-04-01

Investigation of tensegrity structures for the space application is ongoing owing to the characteristics of being lightweight and flexible. Tensegrity structures consist of struts and cables are self-stressed and stable under gravitational loading. Form-finding is an important process to obtain the configuration of tensegrity structures that are in self-equilibrated state. Form-finding of tensegrity structures involves a complex computational strategy in solving the geometrical and forces of the structures. This paper aims to form-finding for a tapered three-stage tensegrity mast. The form-finding strategy involves the assemblage of the tensegrity mast, establishment of equilibrium equations and determination of one possible set of coefficient beta. Several cases of configurations with various twist angles with range of 20°-40° are investigated. A configuration with 9 struts and 42 cables satisfying the material elastic conditions was successfully found. The scalable self-equilibrated tensegrity mast is recommended for space applications.

Preliminary crystallographic analysis of the oxidized form of a two mono-nuclear iron centres protein from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ATCC 27774.

PubMed Central

Coelho, A. V.; Matias, P. M.; Carrondo, M. A.; Tavares, P.; Moura, J. J.; Moura, I.; Fülop, V.; Hajdu, J.; Le Gall, J.

1996-01-01

Crystals of the fully oxidized form of desulfoferrodoxin were obtained by vapor diffusion from a solution containing 20% PEG 4000, 0.1 M HEPES buffer, pH 7.5, and 0.2 M CaCl2. Trigonal and/or rectangular prisms could be obtained, depending on the temperature used for the crystal growth. Trigonal prisms belong to the rhombohedral space group R32, with a = 112.5 A and c = 63.2 A; rectangular prisms belong to the monoclinic space group C2, with a = 77.7 A, b = 80.9 A, c = 53.9 A, and beta = 98.1 degrees. The crystallographic asymmetric unit of the rhombohedral crystal form contains one molecule. There are two molecules in the asymmetric unit of the monoclinic form, in agreement with the self-rotation function. PMID:8762151

Analysis of space systems for the space disposal of nuclear waste follow-on study. Volume 2. Technical report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

1982-01-01

Some of the conclusions reached as a result of this study are summarized. Waste form parameters for the reference cermet waste form are available only by analogy. Detail design of the waste payload would require determination of actual waste form properties. The billet configuration constraints for the cermet waste form limit the packing efficiency to slightly under 75% net volume. The effect of this packing inefficiency in reducing the net waste form per waste payload can be seen graphically. The cermet waste form mass per unit mass of waste payload is lower than that of the iodine waste form evenmore » though the cermet has a higher density (6.5 versus 5.5). This is because the lead iodide is cast achieving almost 100% efficiency in packing. This inefficiency in the packing of the cermet results in a 20% increase in number of flights which increases both cost and risk. Alternative systems for waste mixes requiring low flight rates (technetium-99, iodine-129) can make effective use of the existing 65K space transportation system in either single- or dual-launch scenarios. A comprehensive trade study would be required to select the optimum orbit transfer system for low-launch-rate systems. This study was not conducted as part of the present effort due to selection of the cermet waste form as the reference for the study. Several candidates look attractive for both single- and dual-launch systems (see sec. 4.4), but due to the relatively small number of missions, a comprehensive comparison of life cycle costs including DDT and E would be required to select the best system. The reference system described in sections 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, and 8.0 offers the best combination of cost, risk, and alignment with ongoing NASA technology development efforts for disposal of the reference cermet waste form.« less

The two-mass contribution to the three-loop gluonic operator matrix element Agg,Q(3)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ablinger, J.; Blümlein, J.; De Freitas, A.; Goedicke, A.; Schneider, C.; Schönwald, K.

2018-07-01

We calculate the two-mass QCD contributions to the massive operator matrix element Agg,Q at O (αs3) in analytic form in Mellin N- and z-space, maintaining the complete dependence on the heavy quark mass ratio. These terms are important ingredients for the matching relations of the variable flavor number scheme in the presence of two heavy quark flavors, such as charm and bottom. In Mellin N-space the result is given in the form of nested harmonic, generalized harmonic, cyclotomic and binomial sums, with arguments depending on the mass ratio. The Mellin inversion of these quantities to z-space gives rise to generalized iterated integrals with square root valued letters in the alphabet, depending on the mass ratio as well. Numerical results are presented.

Optimization with Fuzzy Data via Evolutionary Algorithms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kosiński, Witold

2010-09-01

Order fuzzy numbers (OFN) that make possible to deal with fuzzy inputs quantitatively, exactly in the same way as with real numbers, have been recently defined by the author and his 2 coworkers. The set of OFN forms a normed space and is a partially ordered ring. The case when the numbers are presented in the form of step functions, with finite resolution, simplifies all operations and the representation of defuzzification functionals. A general optimization problem with fuzzy data is formulated. Its fitness function attains fuzzy values. Since the adjoint space to the space of OFN is finite dimensional, a convex combination of all linear defuzzification functionals may be used to introduce a total order and a real-valued fitness function. Genetic operations on individuals representing fuzzy data are defined.

Finding our Origins with the Hubble and James Webb Space Telescopes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gardner, Jonathan P.

2009-01-01

NASA is planning a successor to the Hubble Space Telescope designed to study the origins of galaxies, stars, planets and life in the universe. In this talk, Dr. Gardner will discuss the origin and evolution of galaxies, beginning with the Big Bang and tracing what we have learned with Hubble through to the present day. He will show that results from studies with Hubble have led to plans for its successor, the James Webb Space Telescope. Webb is scheduled to launch in 2014, and is designed to find the first galaxies that formed in the distant past and to penetrate the dusty clouds of gas where stars are still forming today. He will compare Webb to Hubble, and discuss recent progress in the construction of the observatory.

Theoretical study of production of unique glasses in space. [kinetic relationships describing nucleation and crystallization phenomena

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Larsen, D. C.; Sievert, J. L.

1975-01-01

The potential of producing the glassy form of selected materials in the weightless, containerless nature of space processing is examined through the development of kinetic relationships describing nucleation and crystallization phenomena. Transformation kinetics are applied to a well-characterized system (SiO2), an excellent glass former (B2O3), and a poor glass former (Al2O3) by conventional earth processing methods. Viscosity and entropy of fusion are shown to be the primary materials parameters controlling the glass forming tendency. For multicomponent systems diffusion-controlled kinetics and heterogeneous nucleation effects are considered. An analytical empirical approach is used to analyze the mullite system. Results are consistent with experimentally observed data and indicate the promise of mullite as a future space processing candidate.

OAST Space Theme Workshop. Volume 3: Working group summary. 9: Aerothermodynamics (M-3). A: Statement. B: Technology needs (form 1). C. Priority assessment (form 2). D. Additional assessments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1976-01-01

Twelve aerothermodynamic space technology needs were identified to reduce the design uncertainties in aerodynamic heating and forces experienced by heavy lift launch vehicles, orbit transfer vehicles, and advanced single stage to orbit vehicles for the space transportation system, and for probes, planetary surface landers, and sample return vehicles for solar system exploration vehicles. Research and technology needs identified include: (1) increasing the fluid dynamics capability by at least two orders of magnitude by developing an advanced computer processor for the solution of fluid dynamic problems with improved software; (2) predicting multi-engine base flow fields for launch vehicles; and (3) developing methods to conserve energy in aerothermodynamic ground test facilities.

Finding our Origins with the Hubble and James Webb Space Telescopes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gardner, Jonathan

2008-01-01

NASA is planning a successor to the Hubble Space Telescope designed to study the origins of galaxies, stars, planets and life in the universe. In this talk, Dr. Gardner will discuss the origin and evolution of galaxies, beginning with the Big Bang and tracing what we have learned with Hubble through to the present day. He will show that results from studies with Hubble have led to plans for its successor, the James Webb Space Telescope. Webb is scheduled to launch in 2013, and is designed to find the first galaxies that formed in the distant past and to penetrate the dusty clouds of gas where stars are still forming today. He will compare Webb to Hubble, and discuss recent progress in the construction of the observatory.

Finding our Origins with the Hubble and James Webb Space Telescopes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gardner, Jonathan P.

2007-01-01

NASA is planning a successor to the Hubble Space Telescope designed to study the origins of galaxies, stars, planets and life in the universe. In this talk, Dr. Gardner will discuss the origin and evolution of galaxies, beginning with the Big Bang and tracing what we have learned with Hubble through to the present day. He will show that results from studies with Hubble have led to plans for its successor, the James Webb Space Telescope. Webb is scheduled to launch in 201 3, and is designed to find the first galaxies that formed in the distant past and to penetrate the dusty clouds of gas where stars are still forming today. He will compare Webb to Hubble, and discuss recent progress in the construction of the observatory.

Stability of Dosage Forms in the Pharmaceutical Payload Aboard Space Missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Du, Brian J.; Daniels, Vernie; Boyd, Jason L.; Crady, Camille; Satterfield, Rick; Younker, Diane R.; Putcha, Lakshmi

2009-01-01

Efficacious pharmaceuticals with adequate shelf lives are essential for successful space medical operations. Stability of pharmaceuticals, therefore, is of paramount importance for assuring the health and wellness of astronauts on future space exploration missions. Unique physical and environmental factors of space missions may contribute to the instability of pharmaceuticals, e.g., radiation, humidity and temperature variations. Degradation of pharmaceutical formulations can result in inadequate efficacy and/or untoward toxic effects, which could compromise astronaut safety and health. Methods: Four identical pharmaceutical payload kits containing 31 medications in different dosage forms (liquid, tablet, capsule, ointment and suppository) were transported to the International Space Station aboard the Space Shuttle (STS-121). One of the 4 kits was stored on the Shuttle and the other 3 were stored on the International Space Station (ISS) for return to Earth at 6-month interval aboard a pre-designated Shuttle flight for each kit. The kit stored on the Shuttle was returned to Earth aboard STS-121 and 2 kits from ISS were returned on STS 117 and STS-122. Results: Analysis of standard physical and chemical parameters of degradation was completed for pharmaceuticals returned by STS-121 after14 days, STS - 117 after11 months and STS 122 after 19 months storage aboard ISS. Analysis of all flight samples along with ground-based matching controls was completed and results were compiled. Conclusion: Evaluation of results from the shuttle (1) and ISS increments (2) indicate that the number of formulations degraded in space increased with duration of storage in space and was higher in space compared to their ground-based counterparts. Rate of degradation for some of the formulations tested was faster in space than on Earth. Additionally, some of the formulations included in the medical kits were unstable, more so in space than on the ground. These results indicate that the space flight environment may adversely affect the shelf life of pharmaceuticals aboard space missions.

THE SEMIGROUP OF METRIC MEASURE SPACES AND ITS INFINITELY DIVISIBLE PROBABILITY MEASURES

PubMed Central

EVANS, STEVEN N.; MOLCHANOV, ILYA

2015-01-01

A metric measure space is a complete, separable metric space equipped with a probability measure that has full support. Two such spaces are equivalent if they are isometric as metric spaces via an isometry that maps the probability measure on the first space to the probability measure on the second. The resulting set of equivalence classes can be metrized with the Gromov–Prohorov metric of Greven, Pfaffelhuber and Winter. We consider the natural binary operation ⊞ on this space that takes two metric measure spaces and forms their Cartesian product equipped with the sum of the two metrics and the product of the two probability measures. We show that the metric measure spaces equipped with this operation form a cancellative, commutative, Polish semigroup with a translation invariant metric. There is an explicit family of continuous semicharacters that is extremely useful for, inter alia, establishing that there are no infinitely divisible elements and that each element has a unique factorization into prime elements. We investigate the interaction between the semigroup structure and the natural action of the positive real numbers on this space that arises from scaling the metric. For example, we show that for any given positive real numbers a, b, c the trivial space is the only space that satisfies a ⊞ b = c . We establish that there is no analogue of the law of large numbers: if X1, X2, … is an identically distributed independent sequence of random spaces, then no subsequence of 1n⊞k=1nXk converges in distribution unless each Xk is almost surely equal to the trivial space. We characterize the infinitely divisible probability measures and the Lévy processes on this semigroup, characterize the stable probability measures and establish a counterpart of the LePage representation for the latter class. PMID:28065980

Space transfer vehicles and space basing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kelley, Joe

1991-01-01

The topics covered include the following: (1) space basing agenda; (2) mission scenario 4E-5B, crew and Lunar Excursion Vehicle (LEV) delivery; (3) final concept candidate, crew concept 4E-2B; (4) space transfer vehicle (STV) concept 4E-5B; (5) configuration summary for crew concept 4E-5B; (6) configuration definition for crew concept 4E-5B; (7) low earth orbit node assembly and checkout operations; (8) criteria for operation objectives; (9) LTV and STV main engines; (10) Space Station Freedom impacts; (11) aerobrakes; and (12) on orbit operations. This document is presented in viewgraph form.

Urban Public Space Context and Cognitive Psychology Evolution in Information Environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Feng, Chen; Xu, Hua-wei

2017-11-01

The rapid development of information technology has had a great impact on the understanding of urban environment, which brings different spatially psychological experience. Information and image transmission has been full with the streets, both the physical space and virtual space have been unprecedentedly blended together through pictures, images, electronic media and other tools, which also stimulates people’s vision and psychology and gives birth to a more complex form of urban space. Under the dual role of spatial mediumlization and media spatialization, the psychological cognitive pattern of urban public space context is changing.

G-38, 39 and 40: An artist's exploration of space. [using the space environment to create orbiting sphere configurations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcshane, J. W.; Coursen, C. D.

1984-01-01

Three experiments are described which use space processing technology in the formation of and coating of bubbles and spheres to be orbited as sculptures visible from Earth. In one experiment, a 22,000 m1 sphere is to ride into orbit containing a 15 psi Earth atmosphere. Once in orbit, a controller directs a valve to open, linking the sphere to a vacuum of space. Technologies used in the fabrication of these art forms include vacuum film deposition and large bubble formation in the space environment.

A special form of SPD covariance matrix for interpretation and visualization of data manipulated with Riemannian geometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Congedo, Marco; Barachant, Alexandre

2015-01-01

Currently the Riemannian geometry of symmetric positive definite (SPD) matrices is gaining momentum as a powerful tool in a wide range of engineering applications such as image, radar and biomedical data signal processing. If the data is not natively represented in the form of SPD matrices, typically we may summarize them in such form by estimating covariance matrices of the data. However once we manipulate such covariance matrices on the Riemannian manifold we lose the representation in the original data space. For instance, we can evaluate the geometric mean of a set of covariance matrices, but not the geometric mean of the data generating the covariance matrices, the space of interest in which the geometric mean can be interpreted. As a consequence, Riemannian information geometry is often perceived by non-experts as a "black-box" tool and this perception prevents a wider adoption in the scientific community. Hereby we show that we can overcome this limitation by constructing a special form of SPD matrix embedding both the covariance structure of the data and the data itself. Incidentally, whenever the original data can be represented in the form of a generic data matrix (not even square), this special SPD matrix enables an exhaustive and unique description of the data up to second-order statistics. This is achieved embedding the covariance structure of both the rows and columns of the data matrix, allowing naturally a wide range of possible applications and bringing us over and above just an interpretability issue. We demonstrate the method by manipulating satellite images (pansharpening) and event-related potentials (ERPs) of an electroencephalography brain-computer interface (BCI) study. The first example illustrates the effect of moving along geodesics in the original data space and the second provides a novel estimation of ERP average (geometric mean), showing that, in contrast to the usual arithmetic mean, this estimation is robust to outliers. In conclusion, we are able to show that the Riemannian concepts of distance, geometric mean, moving along a geodesic, etc. can be readily transposed into a generic data space, whatever this data space represents.

Hydropower application of confined space regulations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Franseen, H.W.

1995-12-31

OSHA`s {open_quotes}Permit Required Confined Space{close_quotes} rules, 1910.146, became effective April 15, 1993. Their rules define a {open_quotes}confined space{close_quotes} and {open_quotes}permit required confined space{close_quotes}; provide general requirements for those entering the confined space, for the attendant and entry supervisor; define what a confined space program and permit system should be; and describe training requirements and rescue considerations. Tapoco Inc., began preparing confined space procedures in 1992 using Alcoa Engineering Standards and OSHA`s proposed rules. A joint union management team was formed, and this team began evaluating spaces which meet the confined space definition. In 1993, employees were trained, and all entriesmore » into spaces were done according to Alcoa`s and OSHA`s proposed rules. Rescue teams have been trained at each site. Some unique confined spaces and or unique entry conditions have been encountered which have required extensive evaluation.« less

Space Research Institute (IKI) Exhibition as an Educational Project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sadovski, Andrei; Antonenko, Elena

2016-07-01

The Exhibition "Space Science: Part and Future" in Space Research Institute (IKI) was opened in 2007 in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of the first man-made satellite launch. It covers the latest and the most important findings in space research, shows instruments which are used in space exploration, and presents past, current, and future Russian science missions. Prototypes of space instruments developed by Russian specialists and mockups of spacecraft and spaceships flown to space are displayed, together with information posters, describing space missions, their purposes and results. The Exhibition takes a great part in school space education. Its stuff actively works with schoolchildren, undergraduate students and also makes a great contribution in popularization of space researches. Moreover the possibility to learn about scientific space researches first-hand is priceless. We describe the main parts of the Exhibition and forms of it work and also describe the collaboration with other museums and educational organizations.

14 CFR 1267.605 - Award.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE... grant or cooperative agreement, in the form of money or property in lieu of money. (2) A block grant or... that provides services instead of money. (2) Loans. (3) Loan guarantees. (4) Interest subsidies. (5...

14 CFR 1267.605 - Award.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE... grant or cooperative agreement, in the form of money or property in lieu of money. (2) A block grant or... that provides services instead of money. (2) Loans. (3) Loan guarantees. (4) Interest subsidies. (5...

14 CFR 1267.605 - Award.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE... grant or cooperative agreement, in the form of money or property in lieu of money. (2) A block grant or... that provides services instead of money. (2) Loans. (3) Loan guarantees. (4) Interest subsidies. (5...

14 CFR 1267.605 - Award.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE... grant or cooperative agreement, in the form of money or property in lieu of money. (2) A block grant or... that provides services instead of money. (2) Loans. (3) Loan guarantees. (4) Interest subsidies. (5...

49 CFR 193.2007 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... impounding space forming a barrier to prevent liquid from flowing in an unintended direction. Emergency means... impounding space, including dikes and floors for conducting the flow of spilled hazardous liquids to an..., or gas which is toxic or corrosive. Hazardous fluid means gas or hazardous liquid. Hazardous liquid...

49 CFR 193.2007 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... impounding space forming a barrier to prevent liquid from flowing in an unintended direction. Emergency means... impounding space, including dikes and floors for conducting the flow of spilled hazardous liquids to an..., or gas which is toxic or corrosive. Hazardous fluid means gas or hazardous liquid. Hazardous liquid...

49 CFR 193.2007 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... impounding space forming a barrier to prevent liquid from flowing in an unintended direction. Emergency means... impounding space, including dikes and floors for conducting the flow of spilled hazardous liquids to an..., or gas which is toxic or corrosive. Hazardous fluid means gas or hazardous liquid. Hazardous liquid...

49 CFR 193.2007 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... impounding space forming a barrier to prevent liquid from flowing in an unintended direction. Emergency means... impounding space, including dikes and floors for conducting the flow of spilled hazardous liquids to an..., or gas which is toxic or corrosive. Hazardous fluid means gas or hazardous liquid. Hazardous liquid...

On Row Rank Equal Column Rank

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Khalili, Parviz

2009-01-01

We will prove a well-known theorem in Linear Algebra, that is, for any "m x n" matrix the dimension of row space and column space are the same. The proof is based on the subject of "elementary matrices" and "reduced row-echelon" form of a matrix.

Space languages

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hays, Dan

1987-01-01

Applications of linguistic principles to potential problems of human and machine communication in space settings are discussed. Variations in language among speakers of different backgrounds and change in language forms resulting from new experiences or reduced contact with other groups need to be considered in the design of intelligent machine systems.

Drawing Lines with Light in Holographic Space

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chang, Yin-Ren; Richardson, Martin

2013-02-01

This paper explores the dynamic and expressive possibilities of holographic art through a comparison of art history and technical media such as photography, film and holographic technologies. Examples of modern art and creative expression of time and motions are examined using the early 20th century art movement, Cubism, where subjects are portrayed to be seen simultaneously from different angles. Folding space is represented as subject matter as it can depict space from multiple points of time. The paper also investigates the way holographic art has explored time and space. The lenticular lens-based media reveal a more subjective poetic art in the form of the lyrical images and messages as spectators pass through time, or walk along with the piece of work through an interactive process. It is argued that photographic practice is another example of artistic representation in the form of aesthetic medium of time movement and as such shares a common ground with other dynamic expression that require time based interaction.

NASA's Internal Space Weather Working Group

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

St. Cyr, O. C.; Guhathakurta, M.; Bell, H.; Niemeyer, L.; Allen, J.

2011-01-01

Measurements from many of NASA's scientific spacecraft are used routinely by space weather forecasters, both in the U.S. and internationally. ACE, SOHO (an ESA/NASA collaboration), STEREO, and SDO provide images and in situ measurements that are assimilated into models and cited in alerts and warnings. A number of years ago, the Space Weather laboratory was established at NASA-Goddard, along with the Community Coordinated Modeling Center. Within that organization, a space weather service center has begun issuing alerts for NASA's operational users. NASA's operational user community includes flight operations for human and robotic explorers; atmospheric drag concerns for low-Earth orbit; interplanetary navigation and communication; and the fleet of unmanned aerial vehicles, high altitude aircraft, and launch vehicles. Over the past three years we have identified internal stakeholders within NASA and formed a Working Group to better coordinate their expertise and their needs. In this presentation we will describe this activity and some of the challenges in forming a diverse working group.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - United Space Alliance employee Anthony Simmons electrowelds a crack formed in the insulator inside a Reinforced Carbon Carbon panel. The gray carbon composite RCC panels are attached to the leading edge of the wing of the orbiters to withstand the aerodynamic forces experienced during launch and reentry, which can reach as high as 800 pounds per square foot. The operating range of RCC is from minus 250º F to about 3,000º F, the temperature produced by friction with the atmosphere during reentry.

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-09-16

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - United Space Alliance employee Anthony Simmons electrowelds a crack formed in the insulator inside a Reinforced Carbon Carbon panel. The gray carbon composite RCC panels are attached to the leading edge of the wing of the orbiters to withstand the aerodynamic forces experienced during launch and reentry, which can reach as high as 800 pounds per square foot. The operating range of RCC is from minus 250º F to about 3,000º F, the temperature produced by friction with the atmosphere during reentry.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - United Space Alliance employee Anthony Simmons prepares to electroweld a crack formed in the insulator inside a Reinforced Carbon Carbon panel. The gray carbon composite RCC panels are attached to the leading edge of the wing of the orbiters to withstand the aerodynamic forces experienced during launch and reentry, which can reach as high as 800 pounds per square foot. The operating range of RCC is from minus 250º F to about 3,000º F, the temperature produced by friction with the atmosphere during reentry.

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-09-16

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - United Space Alliance employee Anthony Simmons prepares to electroweld a crack formed in the insulator inside a Reinforced Carbon Carbon panel. The gray carbon composite RCC panels are attached to the leading edge of the wing of the orbiters to withstand the aerodynamic forces experienced during launch and reentry, which can reach as high as 800 pounds per square foot. The operating range of RCC is from minus 250º F to about 3,000º F, the temperature produced by friction with the atmosphere during reentry.

OAST Space Theme Workshop. Volume 3: Working group summary. 2: Data handling, communications (E-2). A. Statement. B. Technology needs (form 1). C. Priority assessment (form 2)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1976-01-01

Technologies required to support the stated OAST thrust to increase information return by X1000, while reducing costs by a factor of 10 are identified. The most significant driver is the need for an overall end-to-end data system management technology. Maximum use of LSI component technology and trade-offs between hardware and software are manifest in most all considerations of technology needs. By far, the greatest need for data handling technology was identified for the space Exploration and Global Services themes. Major advances are needed in NASA's ability to provide cost effective mass reduction of space data, and automated assessment of earth looking imagery, with a concomitant reduction in cost per useful bit. A combined approach embodying end-to-end system analysis, with onboard data set selection, onboard data processing, highly parallel image processing (both ground and space), low cost, high capacity memories, and low cost user data distribution systems would be necessary.

Open superstring field theory based on the supermoduli space

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ohmori, Kantaro; Okawa, Yuji

2018-04-01

We present a new approach to formulating open superstring field theory based on the covering of the supermoduli space of super-Riemann surfaces and explicitly construct a gauge-invariant action in the Neveu-Schwarz sector up to quartic interactions. The cubic interaction takes a form of an integral over an odd modulus of disks with three punctures and the associated ghost is inserted. The quartic interaction takes a form of an integral over one even modulus and two odd moduli, and it can be interpreted as the integral over the region of the supermoduli space of disks with four punctures which is not covered by Feynman diagrams with two cubic vertices and one propagator. As our approach is based on the covering of the supermoduli space, the resulting theory naturally realizes an A ∞ structure, and the two-string product and the three-string product used in defining the cubic and quartic interactions are constructed to satisfy the A ∞ relations to this order.

OAST Space Theme Workshop. Volume 3: Working group summary. 1: Navigation, guidance, control (E-1) A. Statement. B. Technology needs (form 1). C. Priority assessment (form 2)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1976-01-01

The six themes identified by the Workshop have many common navigation guidance and control needs. All the earth orbit themes have a strong requirement for attitude, figure and stabilization control of large space structures, a requirement not currently being supported. All but the space transportation theme have need for precision pointing of spacecraft and instruments. In addition all the themes have requirements for increasing autonomous operations for such activities as spacecraft and experiment operations, onboard mission modification, rendezvous and docking, spacecraft assembly and maintenance, navigation and guidance, and self-checkout, test and repair. Major new efforts are required to conceptualize new approaches to large space antennas and arrays that are lightweight, readily deployable, and capable of precise attitude and figure control. Conventional approaches offer little hope of meeting these requirements. Functions that can benefit from increasing automation or autonomous operations are listed.

Copper Disk Manufactured at the Space Optics Manufacturing and Technology Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

This photograph shows Wes Brown, Marshall Space Flight Center's (MSFC's) lead diamond tuner, an expert in the science of using diamond-tipped tools to cut metal, inspecting the mold's physical characteristics to ensure the uniformity of its more than 6,000 grooves. This king-size copper disk, manufactured at the Space Optics Manufacturing and Technology Center (SOMTC) at MSFC, is a special mold for making high resolution monitor screens. This master mold will be used to make several other molds, each capable of forming hundreds of screens that have a type of lens called a fresnel lens. Weighing much less than conventional optics, fresnel lenses have multiple concentric grooves, each formed to a precise angle, that together create the curvature needed to focus and project images. The MSFC leads NASA's space optics manufacturing technology development as a technology leader for diamond turning. The machine used to manufacture this mold is among many one-of-a-kind pieces of equipment of MSFC's SOMTC.

ESA situational awareness of space weather

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luntama, Juha-Pekka; Glover, Alexi; Keil, Ralf; Kraft, Stefan; Lupi, Adriano

2016-07-01

ESA SSA Period 2 started at the beginning of 2013 and will last until the end of 2016. For the Space Weather Segment, transition to Period 2 introduced an increasing amount of development of new space weather service capability in addition to networking existing European assets. This transition was started already towards the end of SSA Period 1 with the initiation of the SSA Space Weather Segment architecture definition studies and activities enhancing existing space weather assets. The objective of Period 2 has been to initiate SWE space segment developments in the form of hosted payload missions and further expand the federated service network. A strong focus has been placed on demonstration and testing of European capabilities in the range of SWE service domains with a view to establishing core products which can form the basis of SWE service provision during SSA Period 3. This focus has been particularly addressed in the SSA Expert Service Centre (ESC) Definition and Development activity that was started in September 2015. This presentation will cover the current status of the SSA SWE Segment and the achievements during SSA Programme Periods 1 and 2. Particular attention is given to the federated approach that allow building the end user services on the best European expertise. The presentation will also outline the plans for the Space Weather capability development in the framework of the ESA SSA Programme in 2017-2020.

Radiation Protection Studies of International Space Station Extravehicular Activity Space Suits

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cucinotta, Francis A. (Editor); Shavers, Mark R. (Editor); Saganti, Premkumar B. (Editor); Miller, Jack (Editor)

2003-01-01

This publication describes recent investigations that evaluate radiation shielding characteristics of NASA's and the Russian Space Agency's space suits. The introduction describes the suits and presents goals of several experiments performed with them. The first chapter provides background information about the dynamic radiation environment experienced at ISS and summarized radiation health and protection requirements for activities in low Earth orbit. Supporting studies report the development and application of a computer model of the EMU space suit and the difficulty of shielding EVA crewmembers from high-energy reentrant electrons, a previously unevaluated component of the space radiation environment. Chapters 2 through 6 describe experiments that evaluate the space suits' radiation shielding characteristics. Chapter 7 describes a study of the potential radiological health impact on EVA crewmembers of two virtually unexamined environmental sources of high-energy electrons-reentrant trapped electrons and atmospheric albedo or "splash" electrons. The radiological consequences of those sources have not been evaluated previously and, under closer scrutiny. A detailed computational model of the shielding distribution provided by components of the NASA astronauts' EMU is being developed for exposure evaluation studies. The model is introduced in Chapters 8 and 9 and used in Chapter 10 to investigate how trapped particle anisotropy impacts female organ doses during EVA. Chapter 11 presents a review of issues related to estimating skin cancer risk form space radiation. The final chapter contains conclusions about the protective qualities of the suit brought to light form these studies, as well as recommendations for future operational radiation protection.

A study on Rayleigh wave dispersion in bone according to Mindlin's Form II gradient elasticity.

PubMed

Vavva, Maria G; Gergidis, Leonidas N; Protopappas, Vasilios C; Charalambopoulos, Antonios; Polyzos, Demosthenes; Fotiadis, Dimitrios I

2014-05-01

The classical elasticity cannot effectively describe bone's mechanical behavior since only homogeneous media and local stresses are assumed. Additionally, it cannot predict the dispersive nature of the Rayleigh wave which has been reported in experimental studies and was also demonstrated in a previous computational study by adopting Mindlin's Form II gradient elasticity. In this work Mindlin's theory is employed to analytically determine the dispersion of Rayleigh waves in a strain gradient elastic half-space. An isotropic semi-infinite space is considered with properties equal to those of bone and dynamic behavior suffering from microstructural effects. Microstructural effects are considered by incorporating four intrinsic parameters in the stress analysis. The results are presented in the form of group and phase velocity dispersion curves and compared with existing computational results and semi-analytical curves calculated for a simpler case of Rayleigh waves in dipolar gradient elastic half-spaces. Comparisons are also performed with the velocity of the first-order antisymmetric mode propagating in a dipolar plate so as to observe the Rayleigh asymptotic behavior. It is shown that Mindlin's Form II gradient elasticity can effectively describe the dispersive nature of Rayleigh waves. This study could be regarded as a step toward the ultrasonic characterization of bone.

No more CKY two-forms in the NHEK

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mitsuka, Yoshihiro; Moutsopoulos, George

2012-02-01

We show that in the near-horizon limit of a Kerr-NUT-AdS black hole, the space of conformal Killing-Yano two-forms does not enhance and remains of dimension 2. The same holds for an analogous polar limit in the case of extremal NUT charge. We also derive the conformal Killing-Yano p-form equation for any background in an arbitrary dimension in the form of parallel transport.

Interventionist Art Education: Contingent Communities, Social Dialogue, and Public Collaboration

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Richardson, Jack

2010-01-01

Recent nontraditional forms of public art have been described as interventionist, referring to art that establishes its purpose and form through the social exchanges and altered behaviors that arise as a result of its disruption of quotidian patterns of social experience in public spaces. The form of the work is revealed through the contingent…

Curriculum Integration in Arts Education: Connecting Multiple Art Forms through the Idea of "Space"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bautista, Alfredo; Tan, Liang See; Ponnusamy, Letchmi Devi; Yau, Xenia

2016-01-01

Arts integration research has focused on documenting how the teaching of specific art forms can be integrated with "core" academic subject matters (e.g. science, mathematics and literacy). However, the question of how the teaching of multiple art forms themselves can be integrated in schools remains to be explored by educational…

Symmetrical polyhedra (simple crystal forms) as orbits of noncrystallographic point symmetry groups

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ovsetsina, T. I.; Chuprunov, E. V.

2017-09-01

Simple crystal forms are analyzed as the orbits of noncrystallographic point symmetry groups on a set of smooth or structured ("hatched") planes of crystal space. Polyhedra with symmetrically equivalent faces, obtained using noncrystallographic point symmetry groups, are considered. All possible versions of simple forms for all noncrystallographic groups are listed in a unified table.

75 FR 25833 - Notice of Funding Availability of Applications (NOFA) for Section 514 Farm Labor Housing Loans...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-10

... written commitments from the funding source at pre-application. If leverage funds are in the form of tax...-spaced between items and not be in narrative form. (a) Applicant's name. (b) Applicant's Taxpayer... and financial capability to carry out the obligation of the loan. (iii) Standard Form 424...

14 CFR 1264.125 - Form, filing, and service of papers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Form, filing, and service of papers. 1264... IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROGRAM FRAUD CIVIL PENALTIES ACT OF 1986 § 1264.125 Form, filing, and service of papers...) Every pleading and paper filed in the proceeding shall contain a caption setting forth the title of the...

Two Years of the STEREO Heliospheric Imagers: Invited Review

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-01

impact of CMEs and CIRs on planets. The very nature of this area of research—which brings together aspects of solar physics, space -environmentphysics...Include area code) Standard Form 298 (Rev 8/98) Prescribed by ANSI Sid Z39 18 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES (Continued) 1. Space Science and Technology...Department, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, 0X11OQX UK. 2. Space Environment Physics Group, School of Physics

Space Transportation Main Engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Monk, Jan C.

1992-01-01

The topics are presented in viewgraph form and include the following: Space Transportation Main Engine (STME) definition, design philosophy, robust design, maximum design condition, casting vs. machined and welded forgings, operability considerations, high reliability design philosophy, engine reliability enhancement, low cost design philosophy, engine systems requirements, STME schematic, fuel turbopump, liquid oxygen turbopump, main injector, and gas generator. The major engine components of the STME and the Space Shuttle Main Engine are compared.

We Have the Spaceship; But Where's the Start Button: Human Engineering Issues in the Age of Long Duration Space Exploration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hamilton, George S.; Adams, Christopher W.

2005-01-01

As long duration space exploration and habitation becomes more commonplace, a number of Human Engineering factors (Gravitational Adaptation, 2-D to 3-D Movement Adaptation, Design Form/Function, and Space Ergonomics to name a few) will become more pronounced. More research and development is needed in these areas or the explorers may find themselves in painful or dangerous situations.

Sellers translates along the S1 Truss during EVA3 on STS-121 / Expedition 13 joint operations

NASA Image and Video Library

2006-07-12

S121-E-07413 (12 July 2006) --- Astronaut Piers J. Sellers, STS-121 mission specialist, translates along a truss on the International Space Station during the mission's third and final session of extravehicular activity (EVA) while Space Shuttle Discovery was docked with the station. A blue and white Earth and the blackness of space form the backdrop for the image.

Biomineral nanoparticles are space-filling.

PubMed

Yang, Li; Killian, Christopher E; Kunz, Martin; Tamura, Nobumichi; Gilbert, P U P A

2011-02-01

Sea urchin biominerals have been shown to form from aggregating nanoparticles of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), which then crystallize into macroscopic single crystals of calcite. Here we measure the surface areas of these biominerals and find them to be comparable to those of space-filling macroscopic geologic calcite crystals. These biominerals differ from synthetic mesocrystals, which are invariably porous. We propose that space-filling ACC is the structural precursor for echinoderm biominerals.

Affected in the nightclub. A case study of regular clubbers' conflictual practices in nightclubs.

PubMed

Demant, Jakob

2013-05-01

The nightclub as a space is presented as a free and hedonistic place for pleasure. This space is also part of a wider socio-spatial-economic framework in which various forms of regulation apply to clubbers and the cultivation of affects. This paper researches marginal and contested forms of experiences within a club as a way of understanding the complexities of pleasure. The study does so by addressing experiences through the concept of affects, which is situated within a framework of a non-representational theory of space. Anxiety, pride, anger, shame and embarrassment are embodied simultaneously with the affects of love, joy, sympathy and so on. Alcohol, illicit drugs, bouncers, music and other human or non-human actants are part of the place. It is within this heterogeneous assemblage that affects become embodied. The data consists of 273 cases from a large Copenhagen nightclub where guests have complained about being rejected or being given quarantine. The paper suggests that if the space of the club is approached as being more than a mono-affectual space of either risk or pleasure, then it would be possible to reduce conflicts and produce more inclusive spaces. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Status of Fuel Development and Manufacturing for Space Nuclear Reactors at BWX Technologies

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Carmack, W.J.; Husser, D.L.; Mohr, T.C.

2004-02-04

New advanced nuclear space propulsion systems will soon seek a high temperature, stable fuel form. BWX Technologies Inc (BWXT) has a long history of fuel manufacturing. UO2, UCO, and UCx have been fabricated at BWXT for various US and international programs. Recent efforts at BWXT have focused on establishing the manufacturing techniques and analysis capabilities needed to provide a high quality, high power, compact nuclear reactor for use in space nuclear powered missions. To support the production of a space nuclear reactor, uranium nitride has recently been manufactured by BWXT. In addition, analytical chemistry and analysis techniques have been developedmore » to provide verification and qualification of the uranium nitride production process. The fabrication of a space nuclear reactor will require the ability to place an unclad fuel form into a clad structure for assembly into a reactor core configuration. To this end, BWX Technologies has reestablished its capability for machining, GTA welding, and EB welding of refractory metals. Specifically, BWX Technologies has demonstrated GTA welding of niobium flat plate and EB welding of niobium and Nb-1Zr tubing. In performing these demonstration activities, BWX Technologies has established the necessary infrastructure to manufacture UO2, UCx, or UNx fuel, components, and complete reactor assemblies in support of space nuclear programs.« less

Geometry of Conservation Laws for a Class of Parabolic Partial Differential Equations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clelland, Jeanne Nielsen

1996-08-01

I consider the problem of computing the space of conservation laws for a second-order, parabolic partial differential equation for one function of three independent variables. The PDE is formulated as an exterior differential system {cal I} on a 12 -manifold M, and its conservation laws are identified with the vector space of closed 3-forms in the infinite prolongation of {cal I} modulo the so -called "trivial" conservation laws. I use the tools of exterior differential systems and Cartan's method of equivalence to study the structure of the space of conservation laws. My main result is:. Theorem. Any conservation law for a second-order, parabolic PDE for one function of three independent variables can be represented by a closed 3-form in the differential ideal {cal I} on the original 12-manifold M. I show that if a nontrivial conservation law exists, then {cal I} has a deprolongation to an equivalent system {cal J} on a 7-manifold N, and any conservation law for {cal I} can be expressed as a closed 3-form on N which lies in {cal J}. Furthermore, any such system in the real analytic category is locally equivalent to a system generated by a (parabolic) equation of the formA(u _{xx}u_{yy}-u_sp {xy}{2}) + B_1u_{xx }+2B_2u_{xy} +B_3u_ {yy}+C=0crwhere A, B_{i}, C are functions of x, y, t, u, u_{x}, u _{y}, u_{t}. I compute the space of conservation laws for several examples, and I begin the process of analyzing the general case using Cartan's method of equivalence. I show that the non-linearizable equation u_{t} = {1over2}e ^{-u}(u_{xx}+u_ {yy})has an infinite-dimensional space of conservation laws. This stands in contrast to the two-variable case, for which Bryant and Griffiths showed that any equation whose space of conservation laws has dimension 4 or more is locally equivalent to a linear equation, i.e., is linearizable.

The International Space University

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Davidian, Kenneth J.

1990-01-01

The International Space University (ISU) was founded on the premise that any major space program in the future would require international cooperation as a necessary first step toward its successful completion. ISU is devoted to being a leading center for educating future authorities in the world space industry. ISU's background, goals, current form, and future plans are described. The results and benefits of the type of education and experience gained from ISU include technical reports describing the design projects undertaken by the students, an exposure to the many different disciplines which are a part of a large space project, an awareness of the existing activities from around the world in the space community, and an international professional network which spans all aspects of space activities and covers the globe.

21 CFR 600.11 - Physical establishment, equipment, animals, and care.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... in space used for the manufacture of products except that manufacturing space which is used only...-forming microorganism(s) from the manufacturing area for subsequent manufacture of other products. These... designed to mechanically isolate equipment or an area that involves manufacturing using live vaccine...

14 CFR 1203.500 - Use of derivative classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Section 1203.500 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION INFORMATION SECURITY... generate in new form information that is already classified, and of those who apply markings in accordance..., restating, or summarizing of classified information has changed the level of or removed the basis for...

Marshall Space Flight Center Small Business Opportunities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Garrison, Lynn

2007-01-01

This viewgraph presentation reviews the small business opportunities that are available with the Marshall Space Flight Center. It includes information on all forms of opportunities available and information sources: subcontracting, websites, contacts and a separate section on Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) & Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Programs

An Online Learning Space Facilitating Supervision Pedagogies in Science

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Picard, M. Y.; Wilkinson, K.; Wirthensohn, M.

2011-01-01

Quality research supervision leading to timely completion and student satisfaction involves explicit pedagogy and effective communication. This article describes the development within an action research cycle of an online learning space designed to achieve these goals. The research "spirals" involved interventions in the form of instructive…

75 FR 4110 - NASA Advisory Council; Technology and Innovation Committee; Meeting.

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-26

... NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION [Notice (10-010)] NASA Advisory Council; Technology... amended, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) announce a meeting of the newly formed Technology and Innovation Committee of the NASA Advisory Council (NAC). This will be the first meeting of...

14 CFR 1203.500 - Use of derivative classification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Section 1203.500 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION INFORMATION SECURITY... generate in new form information that is already classified, and of those who apply markings in accordance..., restating, or summarizing of classified information has changed the level of or removed the basis for...

14 CFR § 1267.605 - Award.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION GOVERNMENTWIDE REQUIREMENTS FOR DRUG-FREE... grant or cooperative agreement, in the form of money or property in lieu of money. (2) A block grant or... that provides services instead of money. (2) Loans. (3) Loan guarantees. (4) Interest subsidies. (5...

Summary: The Need for More Effective Facilities Management.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kaiser, Harvey H.

1980-01-01

Comprehensive facilities management is seen as becoming an important factor in higher education. Alternatives to new construction exist in the form of rehabilitation and renovation; deferred maintenance must be addressed and gradually reduced; better use of space must occur through diversion of surplus space, increased utilization, and…

A view of the Columbia's OMS engine pods during a burn

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-11-18

STS093-347-031 (22-27 July 1999) --- Black space forms the backdrop for this scene of the Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS) engine pods during a thruster burn photographed by one of the astronauts on the aft flight deck of the Space Shuttle Columbia.

Tunneling time in space fractional quantum mechanics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hasan, Mohammad; Mandal, Bhabani Prasad

2018-02-01

We calculate the time taken by a wave packet to travel through a classically forbidden region of space in space fractional quantum mechanics. We obtain the close form expression of tunneling time from a rectangular barrier by stationary phase method. We show that tunneling time depends upon the width b of the barrier for b → ∞ and therefore Hartman effect doesn't exist in space fractional quantum mechanics. Interestingly we found that the tunneling time monotonically reduces with increasing b. The tunneling time is smaller in space fractional quantum mechanics as compared to the case of standard quantum mechanics. We recover the Hartman effect of standard quantum mechanics as a special case of space fractional quantum mechanics.

Requirements for Space Settlement Design

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gale, Anita E.; Edwards, Richard P.

2004-02-01

When large space settlements are finally built, inevitably the customers who pay for them will start the process by specifying requirements with a Request for Proposal (RFP). Although we are decades away from seeing the first of these documents, some of their contents can be anticipated now, and provide insight into the variety of elements that must be researched and developed before space settlements can happen. Space Settlement Design Competitions for High School students present design challenges in the form of RFPs, which predict basic requirements for space settlement attributes in the future, including structural features, infrastructure, living conveniences, computers, business areas, and safety. These requirements are generically summarized, and unique requirements are noted for specific space settlement locations and applications.

Pathways of abdominal tumour spread: the role of the subperitoneal space

PubMed Central

Newmark, Geraldine M.; Thakrar, Kiran H.; Mehta, Uday K.; Berlin, Jonathan W.

2009-01-01

Abstract The subperitoneal space is a large, unifying, anatomically continuous potential space that connects the peritoneal cavity with the retroperitoneum. This space is formed by the subserosal areolar tissue that lines the inner surfaces of the peritoneum and the musculature of the abdomen and pelvis. It contains the branches of the vascular, lymphatic, and nervous systems that supply the viscera. The subperitoneal space extends into the peritoneal cavity and is invested between the layers of the mesenteries and ligaments that support and interconnect the abdominal and pelvic organs. As such, it provides one large continuous space in which infectious, neoplastic, inflammatory, and hemorrhagic disease may spread in many directions. PMID:20080454

Space commercialization trends and consequences for the workforce

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peeters, W.

2003-08-01

Space Commercialization has considerably changed the space era over the last few years. Besides a number of facilitators, such as improved regulatory frameworks, it can clearly be demonstrated that reduced public funding has been the prime catalyst for this commercialization process. Space industry has proactively reacted to this new situation by forming strategic alliances, in the first place to be able to reach the global space market. This effect, in turn, induces a number of new skills which are needed for the future space work force. Transnational activities require a more international approach and better understanding of cultural differences, far beyond linguistic ones. Transfer of workforce from other sectors remains difficult, mainly due to the uniqueness of the space sector. Tailored space education curricula will therefore be needed to prepare the new space workforce for timely take over from the present — rapidly aging — space professionals without the risk of losing know-how.

Dusty Beginnings of a Star

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-11-23

Are brown dwarfs born like stars, as in this rendering, or do they form like planets orbiting another star? A study by researchers using data from NASA Spitzer Space Telescope has led to the preliminary conclusion that they are formed much like a star.

Nylon screws make inexpensive coil forms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Aucoin, G.; Rosenthal, C.

1978-01-01

Standard nylon screws act as coil form copper wire laid down in spiral thread. Completed coil may be bonded to printed-circuit board. However, it is impossible to tune coil by adjusting spacing between windings, technique sometimes used with air-core coils.

Endoscopic fringe projection for in-situ inspection of a sheet-bulk metal forming process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matthias, Steffen; Kästner, Markus; Reithmeier, Eduard

2015-05-01

Sheet-bulk metal forming is a new production process capable of performing deep-drawing and massive forming steps in a single operation. However, due to the high forming forces of the forming process, continuous process control is required in order to detect wear on the forming tool before production quality is impacted. To be able to measure the geometry of the forming tool in the limited space of forming presses, a new inspection system is being developed within the SFB/TR 73 collaborative research center. In addition to the limited space, the process restricts the amount of time available for inspection. Existing areal optical measurement systems suffer from shadowing when measuring the tool's inner elements, as they cannot be placed in the limited space next to the tool, while tactile measurement systems cannot meet the time restrictions for measuring the areal geometries. The new inspection system uses the fringe projection optical measurement principle to capture areal geometry data from relevant parts of the forming tool in short time. Highresolution image fibers are used to connect the system's compact sensor head to a base unit containing both camera and projector of the fringe projection system, which can be positioned outside of the moving parts of the press. To enable short measurement times, a high intensity laser source is used in the projector in combination with a digital micro-mirror device. Gradient index lenses are featured in the sensor head to allow for a very compact design that can be used in the narrow space above the forming tool inside the press. The sensor head is attached to an extended arm, which also guides the image fibers to the base unit. A rotation stage offers the possibility to capture measurements of different functional elements on the circular forming tool by changing the orientation of the sensor head next to the forming tool. During operation of the press, the arm can be travelled out of the moving parts of the forming press. To further reduce the measurement times of the fringe projection system, the inverse fringe projection principle has been adapted to the system to detect geometry deviations in a single camera image. Challenges arise from vibrations of both the forming machine and the positioning stages, which are transferred via the extended arm to the sensor head. Vibrations interfere with the analysis algorithms of both encoded and inverse fringe projection and thus impair measurement accuracy. To evaluate the impact of vibrations on the endoscopic system, results of measurements of simple geometries under the influence of vibrations are discussed. The effect of vibrations is imitated by displacing the measurement specimen during the measurement with a linear positioning stage. The concept of the new inspection system is presented within the scope of the TR 73 demonstrational sheet-bulk metal forming process. Finally, the capabilities of the endoscopic fringe projection system are shown by measurements of gearing structures on a forming tool compared to a CAD-reference.

Generalizations of γ-open set in topological spaces

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bhattacharya, Baby, E-mail: babybhatt75@gmail.com; Paul, Arnab, E-mail: mrarnabpaul87@gmail.com

The main aim of this work is to study three generalized forms of γ-open set due to D. Andrijevic (D. Andrijevic, On the Topology Generated by pre-open sets, Presented at the Sixth Prague Topological Symposium, 39 (1987), 367-376)in a topological space. Out of which the dual appearance of one is the stronger form of b-locally closed set in the sense of Arafa A. Nasef (A. A Nasef,On b-locally closed sets and related topics, CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS 12(2001) 1909-1915). Also, we introduce the concept of different types of continuity and study their basic properties by using these newly defined sets.more » Finally, we establish the interrelationships among themselves together with some already existing generalized forms of continuity.« less

Robotics in space-age manufacturing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, Chip

1991-01-01

Robotics technologies are developed to improve manufacturing of space hardware. The following applications of robotics are covered: (1) welding for the space shuttle and space station Freedom programs; (2) manipulation of high-pressure water for shuttle solid rocket booster refurbishment; (3) automating the application of insulation materials; (4) precision application of sealants; and (5) automation of inspection procedures. Commercial robots are used for these development programs, but they are teamed with advanced sensors, process controls, and computer simulation to form highly productive manufacturing systems. Many of the technologies are also being actively pursued in private sector manufacturing operations.

Every timelike geodesic in Anti-de Sitter spacetime is a circle of the same radius

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sokołowski, Leszek M.; Golda, Zdzisław A.

2016-10-01

In this paper, we refine and analytically prove an old proposition due to Calabi and Markus on the shape of timelike geodesics of anti-de Sitter space in the ambient flat space. We prove that each timelike geodesic forms in the ambient space a circle of the radius determined by Λ, lying on a Euclidean two-plane. Then, we outline an alternative proof for AdS4. We also make a comment on the shape of timelike geodesics in de Sitter space.