39 CFR 3001.10 - Form and number of copies of documents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... service must be printed from a text-based pdf version of the document, where possible. Otherwise, they may... generated in either Acrobat (pdf), Word, or WordPerfect, or Rich Text Format (rtf). [67 FR 67559, Nov. 6...

Relationship between Two Types of Coil Packing Densities Relative to Aneurysm Size.

PubMed

Park, Keun Young; Kim, Byung Moon; Ihm, Eun Hyun; Baek, Jang Hyun; Kim, Dong Joon; Kim, Dong Ik; Huh, Seung Kon; Lee, Jae Whan

2015-01-01

Coil packing density (PD) can be calculated via a formula (PDF ) or software (PDS ). Two types of PD can be different from each other for same aneurysm. This study aimed to evaluate the interobserver agreement and relationships between the 2 types of PD relative to aneurysm size. Consecutive 420 saccular aneurysms were treated with coiling. PD (PDF , [coil volume]/[volume calculated by formula] and PDS, [coil volume]/[volume measured by software]) was calculated and prospectively recorded. Interobserver agreement was evaluated between PDF and PDS . Additionally, the relationships between PDF and PDS relative to aneurysm size were subsequently analyzed. Interobserver agreement for PDF and PDS was excellent (Intraclass correlation coefficient, PDF ; 0.967 and PDS ; 0.998). The ratio of PDF and PDS was greater for smaller aneurysms and converged toward 1.0 as the maximum dimension (DM ) of aneurysm increased. Compared with PDS , PDF was overestimated by a mean of 28% for DM < 5 mm, by 17% for 5 mm ≤ DM < 10 mm, and by 9% for DM ≥ 10 mm (P < 0.01). Interobserver agreement for PDF and PDS was excellent. However, PDF was overestimated in smaller aneurysms and converged to PDS as aneurysm size increased. Copyright © 2014 by the American Society of Neuroimaging.

A theory-based parameterization for heterogeneous ice nucleation and implications for the simulation of ice processes in atmospheric models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Savre, J.; Ekman, A. M. L.

2015-05-01

A new parameterization for heterogeneous ice nucleation constrained by laboratory data and based on classical nucleation theory is introduced. Key features of the parameterization include the following: a consistent and modular modeling framework for treating condensation/immersion and deposition freezing, the possibility to consider various potential ice nucleating particle types (e.g., dust, black carbon, and bacteria), and the possibility to account for an aerosol size distribution. The ice nucleating ability of each aerosol type is described using a contact angle (θ) probability density function (PDF). A new modeling strategy is described to allow the θ PDF to evolve in time so that the most efficient ice nuclei (associated with the lowest θ values) are progressively removed as they nucleate ice. A computationally efficient quasi Monte Carlo method is used to integrate the computed ice nucleation rates over both size and contact angle distributions. The parameterization is employed in a parcel model, forced by an ensemble of Lagrangian trajectories extracted from a three-dimensional simulation of a springtime low-level Arctic mixed-phase cloud, in order to evaluate the accuracy and convergence of the method using different settings. The same model setup is then employed to examine the importance of various parameters for the simulated ice production. Modeling the time evolution of the θ PDF is found to be particularly crucial; assuming a time-independent θ PDF significantly overestimates the ice nucleation rates. It is stressed that the capacity of black carbon (BC) to form ice in the condensation/immersion freezing mode is highly uncertain, in particular at temperatures warmer than -20°C. In its current version, the parameterization most likely overestimates ice initiation by BC.

Publisher Correction: Selective enhancement of optical nonlinearity in two-dimensional organic-inorganic lead iodide perovskites.

PubMed

Saouma, F O; Stoumpos, C C; Wong, J; Kanatzidis, M G; Jang, J I

2017-11-23

In the PDF version of this article, Eq. 5 is missing all elements after the equals sign. The correct version of Eq. 5 is given below. The HTML version of the paper was correct from the time of publication.[Formula: see text].

Author Correction: The genetic prehistory of the Baltic Sea region.

PubMed

Mittnik, Alissa; Wang, Chuan-Chao; Pfrengle, Saskia; Daubaras, Mantas; Zariņa, Gunita; Hallgren, Fredrik; Allmäe, Raili; Khartanovich, Valery; Moiseyev, Vyacheslav; Tõrv, Mari; Furtwängler, Anja; Valtueña, Aida Andrades; Feldman, Michal; Economou, Christos; Oinonen, Markku; Vasks, Andrejs; Balanovska, Elena; Reich, David; Jankauskas, Rimantas; Haak, Wolfgang; Schiffels, Stephan; Krause, Johannes

2018-04-11

The original version of this Article omitted references to previous work, which are detailed in the associated Author Correction. These omissions have been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

76 FR 27309 - Committee on Measures of Student Success

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-11

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77 FR 37893 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

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2012-06-25

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76 FR 50198 - Committee on Measures of Student Success

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-12

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Author Correction: Towards an arthritis flare-responsive drug delivery system.

PubMed

Joshi, Nitin; Yan, Jing; Levy, Seth; Bhagchandani, Sachin; Slaughter, Kai V; Sherman, Nicholas E; Amirault, Julian; Wang, Yufeng; Riegel, Logan; He, Xueyin; Rui, Tan Shi; Valic, Michael; Vemula, Praveen K; Miranda, Oscar R; Levy, Oren; Gravallese, Ellen M; Aliprantis, Antonios O; Ermann, Joerg; Karp, Jeffrey M

2018-05-11

In the original version of this Article, financial support was not fully acknowledged. The PDF and HTML versions of the Article have now been corrected to include support from the National Football League Players Association.

Author Correction: Stay alert, don't get hurt.

PubMed

Mahler, Stephen V

2018-06-01

In the version of this article initially published, paragraph 8 mentioned intra-accumbens administration of SB334867. This should have read systemic (intraperitoneal) administration. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF.

PubMed

Ellis, W C; Mahlooji, M; Lascano, C E; Matis, J H

2005-07-01

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.

78 FR 15009 - Extension of Deadline; Gaining Early Awareness and Readiness for Undergraduate Programs (GEAR UP...

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2013-03-08

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77 FR 48974 - Applications for New Awards; Comprehensive Centers Program (CFDA 84.283B); Correction

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2012-08-15

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77 FR 27219 - Applications for New Awards; Promise Neighborhoods Program-Implementation Grant Competition...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-09

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Publisher Correction: Discordant congenital Zika syndrome twins show differential in vitro viral susceptibility of neural progenitor cells.

PubMed

Caires-Júnior, Luiz Carlos; Goulart, Ernesto; Melo, Uirá Souto; Araujo, Bruno Henrique Silva; Alvizi, Lucas; Soares-Schanoski, Alessandra; de Oliveira, Danyllo Felipe; Kobayashi, Gerson Shigeru; Griesi-Oliveira, Karina; Musso, Camila Manso; Amaral, Murilo Sena; daSilva, Lucas Ferreira; Astray, Renato Mancini; Suárez-Patiño, Sandra Fernanda; Ventini, Daniella Cristina; da Silva, Sérgio Gomes; Yamamoto, Guilherme Lopes; Ezquina, Suzana; Naslavsky, Michel Satya; Telles-Silva, Kayque Alves; Weinmann, Karina; van der Linden, Vanessa; van der Linden, Helio; de Oliveira, João Ricardo Mendes; Arrais, Nivia Maria Rodrigues; Melo, Adriana; Figueiredo, Thalita; Santos, Silvana; Meira, Joanna Goes Castro; Passos, Saulo Duarte; de Almeida, Roque Pacheco; Bispo, Ana Jovina Barreto; Cavalheiro, Esper Abrão; Kalil, Jorge; Cunha-Neto, Edécio; Nakaya, Helder; Andreata-Santos, Robert; de Souza Ferreira, Luis Carlos; Verjovski-Almeida, Sergio; Ho, Paulo Lee; Passos-Bueno, Maria Rita; Zatz, Mayana

2018-03-13

The original PDF version of this Article contained errors in the spelling of Luiz Carlos Caires-Júnior, Uirá Souto Melo, Bruno Henrique Silva Araujo, Alessandra Soares-Schanoski, Murilo Sena Amaral, Kayque Alves Telles-Silva, Vanessa van der Linden, Helio van der Linden, João Ricardo Mendes de Oliveira, Nivia Maria Rodrigues Arrais, Joanna Goes Castro Meira, Ana Jovina Barreto Bispo, Esper Abrão Cavalheiro, and Robert Andreata-Santos, which were incorrectly given as Luiz Carlos de Caires Jr., UiráSouto Melo, Bruno Silva Henrique Araujo, Alessandra Soares Schanoski, MuriloSena Amaral, Kayque Telles Alves Silva, Vanessa Van der Linden, Helio Van der Linden, João Mendes Ricardo de Oliveira, Nivia Rodrigues Maria Arrais, Joanna Castro Goes Meira, Ana JovinaBarreto Bispo, EsperAbrão Cavalheiro, and Robert Andreata Santos. Furthermore, in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article, the top panel of Fig. 3e was incorrectly labeled '10608-1' and should have been '10608-4', and financial support from CAPES and DECIT-MS was inadvertently omitted from the Acknowledgements section. These errors have now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

75 FR 81157 - Version One Regional Reliability Standard for Transmission Operations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-27

... processing software should be filed in native applications or print-to-PDF format and not in a scanned format..., Inc. v. FERC, 564 F.3d 1342 (D.C. Cir. 2009). \\3\\ NERC designates the version number of a Reliability...

Author Correction: Genome-wide analysis of multi- and extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PubMed

Coll, Francesc; Phelan, Jody; Hill-Cawthorne, Grant A; Nair, Mridul B; Mallard, Kim; Ali, Shahjahan; Abdallah, Abdallah M; Alghamdi, Saad; Alsomali, Mona; Ahmed, Abdallah O; Portelli, Stephanie; Oppong, Yaa; Alves, Adriana; Bessa, Theolis Barbosa; Campino, Susana; Caws, Maxine; Chatterjee, Anirvan; Crampin, Amelia C; Dheda, Keertan; Furnham, Nicholas; Glynn, Judith R; Grandjean, Louis; Ha, Dang Minh; Hasan, Rumina; Hasan, Zahra; Hibberd, Martin L; Joloba, Moses; Jones-López, Edward C; Matsumoto, Tomoshige; Miranda, Anabela; Moore, David J; Mocillo, Nora; Panaiotov, Stefan; Parkhill, Julian; Penha, Carlos; Perdigão, João; Portugal, Isabel; Rchiad, Zineb; Robledo, Jaime; Sheen, Patricia; Shesha, Nashwa Talaat; Sirgel, Frik A; Sola, Christophe; Sousa, Erivelton Oliveira; Streicher, Elizabeth M; Van Helden, Paul; Viveiros, Miguel; Warren, Robert M; McNerney, Ruth; Pain, Arnab; Clark, Taane G

2018-05-01

In the version of this article initially published, the URL listed for TubercuList was incorrect. The correct URL is https://mycobrowser.epfl.ch/. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.

Author Correction: Protein-peptide association kinetics beyond the seconds timescale from atomistic simulations.

PubMed

Paul, Fabian; Wehmeyer, Christoph; Abualrous, Esam T; Wu, Hao; Crabtree, Michael D; Schöneberg, Johannes; Clarke, Jane; Freund, Christian; Weikl, Thomas R; Noé, Frank

2018-03-09

In the original version of this Article, the Acknowledgement section omitted financial support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft grant SFB 958/A4. This error has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Author Correction: REST regulates the cell cycle for cardiac development and regeneration.

PubMed

Zhang, Donghong; Wang, Yidong; Lu, Pengfei; Wang, Ping; Yuan, Xinchun; Yan, Jianyun; Cai, Chenleng; Chang, Ching-Pin; Zheng, Deyou; Wu, Bingruo; Zhou, Bin

2018-01-12

The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Jianyun Yan, which was incorrectly given as Jiangyun Yan. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Berg, Larry K.; Gustafson, William I.; Kassianov, Evgueni I.

A new treatment for shallow clouds has been introduced into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The new scheme, called the cumulus potential (CuP) scheme, replaces the ad-hoc trigger function used in the Kain-Fritsch cumulus parameterization with a trigger function related to the distribution of temperature and humidity in the convective boundary layer via probability density functions (PDFs). An additional modification to the default version of WRF is the computation of a cumulus cloud fraction based on the time scales relevant for shallow cumuli. Results from three case studies over the U.S. Department of Energy’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM)more » site in north central Oklahoma are presented. These days were selected because of the presence of shallow cumuli over the ARM site. The modified version of WRF does a much better job predicting the cloud fraction and the downwelling shortwave irradiance thancontrol simulations utilizing the default Kain-Fritsch scheme. The modified scheme includes a number of additional free parameters, including the number and size of bins used to define the PDF, the minimum frequency of a bin within the PDF before that bin is considered for shallow clouds to form, and the critical cumulative frequency of bins required to trigger deep convection. A series of tests were undertaken to evaluate the sensitivity of the simulations to these parameters. Overall, the scheme was found to be relatively insensitive to each of the parameters.« less

Constraints on the Profiles of Total Water PDF in AGCMs from AIRS and a High-Resolution Model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Molod, Andrea

2012-01-01

Atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) cloud parameterizations generally include an assumption about the subgrid-scale probability distribution function (PDF) of total water and its vertical profile. In the present study, the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) monthly-mean cloud amount and relative humidity fields are used to compute a proxy for the second moment of an AGCM total water PDF called the RH01 diagnostic, which is the AIRS mean relative humidity for cloud fractions of 0.1 or less. The dependence of the second moment on horizontal grid resolution is analyzed using results from a high-resolution global model simulation.The AIRS-derived RH01 diagnostic is generally larger near the surface than aloft, indicating a narrower PDF near the surface, and varies with the type of underlying surface. High-resolution model results show that the vertical structure of profiles of the AGCM PDF second moment is unchanged as the grid resolution changes from 200 to 100 to 50 km, and that the second-moment profiles shift toward higher values with decreasing grid spacing.Several Goddard Earth Observing System, version 5 (GEOS-5), AGCM simulations were performed with several choices for the profile of the PDF second moment. The resulting cloud and relative humidity fields were shown to be quite sensitive to the prescribed profile, and the use of a profile based on the AIRS-derived proxy results in improvements relative to observational estimates. The AIRS-guided total water PDF profiles, including their dependence on underlying surface type and on horizontal resolution, have been implemented in the version of the GEOS-5 AGCM used for publicly released simulations.

Modelling and validation of particle size distributions of supported nanoparticles using the pair distribution function technique

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gamez-Mendoza, Liliana; Terban, Maxwell W.; Billinge, Simon J. L.

The particle size of supported catalysts is a key characteristic for determining structure–property relationships. It is a challenge to obtain this information accurately andin situusing crystallographic methods owing to the small size of such particles (<5 nm) and the fact that they are supported. In this work, the pair distribution function (PDF) technique was used to obtain the particle size distribution of supported Pt catalysts as they grow under typical synthesis conditions. The PDF of Pt nanoparticles grown on zeolite X was isolated and refined using two models: a monodisperse spherical model (single particle size) and a lognormal size distribution.more » The results were compared and validated using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) results. Both models describe the same trends in average particle size with temperature, but the results of the number-weighted lognormal size distributions can also accurately describe the mean size and the width of the size distributions obtained from STEM. Since the PDF yields crystallite sizes, these results suggest that the grown Pt nanoparticles are monocrystalline. This work shows that refinement of the PDF of small supported monocrystalline nanoparticles can yield accurate mean particle sizes and distributions.« less

Author Correction: Time-dependent memory transformation along the hippocampal anterior-posterior axis.

PubMed

Dandolo, Lisa C; Schwabe, Lars

2018-05-24

In the originally published version of this Article, the rightmost graph in Fig. 2c was inadvertently replaced with a duplicate of the central panel. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Erratum to "Combustion oscillation study in a kerosene fueled rocket-based combined-cycle engine combustor" [Acta Astronaut. 129 (2016) 260-270

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Zhi-Wei; He, Guo-Qiang; Qin, Fei; Xue, Rui; Wei, Xiang-Geng; Shi, Lei

2017-03-01

The publisher regrets that in the above article we found that Table 1 is present online, in the html version in ScienceDirect, but has been omitted in error from the final version of the PDF online and in the print version. The table can be found below:

Publisher Correction: Role of outer surface probes for regulating ion gating of nanochannels.

PubMed

Li, Xinchun; Zhai, Tianyou; Gao, Pengcheng; Cheng, Hongli; Hou, Ruizuo; Lou, Xiaoding; Xia, Fan

2018-02-08

The original version of this Article contained an error in Fig. 3. The scale bars in Figs 3c and 3d were incorrectly labelled as 50 μA. In the correct version, the scale bars are labelled as 0.5 μA. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Author Correction: Nitrogen-rich organic soils under warm well-drained conditions are global nitrous oxide emission hotspots.

PubMed

Pärn, Jaan; Verhoeven, Jos T A; Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus; Dise, Nancy B; Ullah, Sami; Aasa, Anto; Egorov, Sergey; Espenberg, Mikk; Järveoja, Järvi; Jauhiainen, Jyrki; Kasak, Kuno; Klemedtsson, Leif; Kull, Ain; Laggoun-Défarge, Fatima; Lapshina, Elena D; Lohila, Annalea; Lõhmus, Krista; Maddison, Martin; Mitsch, William J; Müller, Christoph; Niinemets, Ülo; Osborne, Bruce; Pae, Taavi; Salm, Jüri-Ott; Sgouridis, Fotis; Sohar, Kristina; Soosaar, Kaido; Storey, Kathryn; Teemusk, Alar; Tenywa, Moses M; Tournebize, Julien; Truu, Jaak; Veber, Gert; Villa, Jorge A; Zaw, Seint Sann; Mander, Ülo

2018-04-26

The original version of this Article contained an error in the first sentence of the Acknowledgements section, which incorrectly referred to the Estonian Research Council grant identifier as "PUTJD618". The correct version replaces the grant identifier with "PUTJD619". This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Publisher Correction: Sumatran tiger survival threatened by deforestation despite increasing densities in parks.

PubMed

Luskin, Matthew Scott; Albert, Wido Rizki; Tobler, Mathias W

2018-02-12

In the original version of the Article, reference 18 was incorrectly numbered as reference 30, and references 19 to 30 were incorrectly numbered as 18 to 29. These errors have now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the manuscript.

Author Correction: Rationalizing the light-induced phase separation of mixed halide organic-inorganic perovskites.

PubMed

Draguta, Sergiu; Sharia, Onise; Yoon, Seog Joon; Brennan, Michael C; Morozov, Yurii V; Manser, Joseph S; Kamat, Prashant V; Schneider, William F; Kuno, Masaru

2018-01-11

The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Joseph S. Manser, which was incorrectly given as Joseph M. Manser. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Publisher Correction: Cluster richness-mass calibration with cosmic microwave background lensing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Geach, James E.; Peacock, John A.

2018-03-01

Owing to a technical error, the `Additional information' section of the originally published PDF version of this Letter incorrectly gave J.A.P. as the corresponding author; it should have read J.E.G. This has now been corrected. The HTML version is correct.

Publisher Correction: Ticks parasitised feathered dinosaurs as revealed by Cretaceous amber assemblages.

PubMed

Peñalver, Enrique; Arillo, Antonio; Delclòs, Xavier; Peris, David; Grimaldi, David A; Anderson, Scott R; Nascimbene, Paul C; Fuente, Ricardo Pérez-de la

2018-01-30

The originally published version of this Article was updated shortly after publication to add the word 'Ticks' to the title, following its inadvertent removal during the production process. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Modelling and validation of particle size distributions of supported nanoparticles using the pair distribution function technique

DOE PAGES

Gamez-Mendoza, Liliana; Terban, Maxwell W.; Billinge, Simon J. L.; ...

2017-04-13

The particle size of supported catalysts is a key characteristic for determining structure–property relationships. It is a challenge to obtain this information accurately and in situ using crystallographic methods owing to the small size of such particles (<5 nm) and the fact that they are supported. In this work, the pair distribution function (PDF) technique was used to obtain the particle size distribution of supported Pt catalysts as they grow under typical synthesis conditions. The PDF of Pt nanoparticles grown on zeolite X was isolated and refined using two models: a monodisperse spherical model (single particle size) and a lognormalmore » size distribution. The results were compared and validated using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) results. Both models describe the same trends in average particle size with temperature, but the results of the number-weighted lognormal size distributions can also accurately describe the mean size and the width of the size distributions obtained from STEM. Since the PDF yields crystallite sizes, these results suggest that the grown Pt nanoparticles are monocrystalline. As a result, this work shows that refinement of the PDF of small supported monocrystalline nanoparticles can yield accurate mean particle sizes and distributions.« less

Modelling and validation of particle size distributions of supported nanoparticles using the pair distribution function technique

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gamez-Mendoza, Liliana; Terban, Maxwell W.; Billinge, Simon J. L.

The particle size of supported catalysts is a key characteristic for determining structure–property relationships. It is a challenge to obtain this information accurately and in situ using crystallographic methods owing to the small size of such particles (<5 nm) and the fact that they are supported. In this work, the pair distribution function (PDF) technique was used to obtain the particle size distribution of supported Pt catalysts as they grow under typical synthesis conditions. The PDF of Pt nanoparticles grown on zeolite X was isolated and refined using two models: a monodisperse spherical model (single particle size) and a lognormalmore » size distribution. The results were compared and validated using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) results. Both models describe the same trends in average particle size with temperature, but the results of the number-weighted lognormal size distributions can also accurately describe the mean size and the width of the size distributions obtained from STEM. Since the PDF yields crystallite sizes, these results suggest that the grown Pt nanoparticles are monocrystalline. As a result, this work shows that refinement of the PDF of small supported monocrystalline nanoparticles can yield accurate mean particle sizes and distributions.« less

Publisher Correction: The C-terminal tails of endogenous GluA1 and GluA2 differentially contribute to hippocampal synaptic plasticity and learning.

PubMed

Zhou, Zikai; Liu, An; Xia, Shuting; Leung, Celeste; Qi, Junxia; Meng, Yanghong; Xie, Wei; Park, Pojeong; Collingridge, Graham L; Jia, Zhengping

2018-05-11

In the version of this article initially published, the wrong version of Supplementary Fig. 10 was posted and the city for affiliation 4, the Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, was given as Nanjing instead of Nantong. The errors have been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.

Denver UASI All-Hazards Regional Recovery Framework. Version 1.1

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-10-31

Consequences of the Chernobyl Accident and Their Remediation: Twenty Years of Experience, 2006, at http://www-pub.iaea.org/mtcd/publications/pdf...pub1239_web.pdf 22 This report presents the findings and recommendations of the Chernobyl Forum concerning the environmental effects of the... Chernobyl accident. Recovery Criteria and Guidelines Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. Hazardous Materials and Waste Management

Probability density of aperture-averaged irradiance fluctuations for long range free space optical communication links.

PubMed

Lyke, Stephen D; Voelz, David G; Roggemann, Michael C

2009-11-20

The probability density function (PDF) of aperture-averaged irradiance fluctuations is calculated from wave-optics simulations of a laser after propagating through atmospheric turbulence to investigate the evolution of the distribution as the aperture diameter is increased. The simulation data distribution is compared to theoretical gamma-gamma and lognormal PDF models under a variety of scintillation regimes from weak to strong. Results show that under weak scintillation conditions both the gamma-gamma and lognormal PDF models provide a good fit to the simulation data for all aperture sizes studied. Our results indicate that in moderate scintillation the gamma-gamma PDF provides a better fit to the simulation data than the lognormal PDF for all aperture sizes studied. In the strong scintillation regime, the simulation data distribution is gamma gamma for aperture sizes much smaller than the coherence radius rho0 and lognormal for aperture sizes on the order of rho0 and larger. Examples of how these results affect the bit-error rate of an on-off keyed free space optical communication link are presented.

Publisher Correction: Natural variation in the parameters of innate immune cells is preferentially driven by genetic factors.

PubMed

Patin, Etienne; Hasan, Milena; Bergstedt, Jacob; Rouilly, Vincent; Libri, Valentina; Urrutia, Alejandra; Alanio, Cécile; Scepanovic, Petar; Hammer, Christian; Jönsson, Friederike; Beitz, Benoît; Quach, Hélène; Lim, Yoong Wearn; Hunkapiller, Julie; Zepeda, Magge; Green, Cherie; Piasecka, Barbara; Leloup, Claire; Rogge, Lars; Huetz, François; Peguillet, Isabelle; Lantz, Olivier; Fontes, Magnus; Di Santo, James P; Thomas, Stéphanie; Fellay, Jacques; Duffy, Darragh; Quintana-Murci, Lluís; Albert, Matthew L

2018-06-01

In the version of this article initially published, the name of one author was incorrect (James P. Santo). The correct name is James P. Di Santo. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.

Author Correction: Smac mimetics and oncolytic viruses synergize in driving anticancer T-cell responses through complementary mechanisms.

PubMed

Kim, Dae-Sun; Dastidar, Himika; Zhang, Chunfen; Zemp, Franz J; Lau, Keith; Ernst, Matthias; Rakic, Andrea; Sikdar, Saif; Rajwani, Jahanara; Naumenko, Victor; Balce, Dale R; Ewanchuk, Ben W; Tailor, Pankaj; Yates, Robin M; Jenne, Craig; Gafuik, Chris; Mahoney, Douglas J

2018-05-24

The originally published version of this article contained an error in the spelling of the author Pankaj Tailor, which was incorrectly given as Pankaj Taylor. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the article.

Author Correction: Single-nucleus analysis of accessible chromatin in developing mouse forebrain reveals cell-type-specific transcriptional regulation.

PubMed

Preissl, Sebastian; Fang, Rongxin; Huang, Hui; Zhao, Yuan; Raviram, Ramya; Gorkin, David U; Zhang, Yanxiao; Sos, Brandon C; Afzal, Veena; Dickel, Diane E; Kuan, Samantha; Visel, Axel; Pennacchio, Len A; Zhang, Kun; Ren, Bing

2018-03-01

In the version of this article initially published online, the accession code was given as GSE1000333. The correct code is GSE100033. The error has been corrected in the print, HTML and PDF versions of the article.

Author Correction: Targeted inhibition of STAT/TET1 axis as a therapeutic strategy for acute myeloid leukemia.

PubMed

Jiang, Xi; Hu, Chao; Ferchen, Kyle; Nie, Ji; Cui, Xiaolong; Chen, Chih-Hong; Cheng, Liting; Zuo, Zhixiang; Seibel, William; He, Chunjiang; Tang, Yixuan; Skibbe, Jennifer R; Wunderlich, Mark; Reinhold, William C; Dong, Lei; Shen, Chao; Arnovitz, Stephen; Ulrich, Bryan; Lu, Jiuwei; Weng, Hengyou; Su, Rui; Huang, Huilin; Wang, Yungui; Li, Chenying; Qin, Xi; Mulloy, James C; Zheng, Yi; Diao, Jiajie; Jin, Jie; Li, Chong; Liu, Paul P; He, Chuan; Chen, Yuan; Chen, Jianjun

2018-02-09

The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author James C. Mulloy, which was incorrectly given as James Mulloy. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Robust functional statistics applied to Probability Density Function shape screening of sEMG data.

PubMed

Boudaoud, S; Rix, H; Al Harrach, M; Marin, F

2014-01-01

Recent studies pointed out possible shape modifications of the Probability Density Function (PDF) of surface electromyographical (sEMG) data according to several contexts like fatigue and muscle force increase. Following this idea, criteria have been proposed to monitor these shape modifications mainly using High Order Statistics (HOS) parameters like skewness and kurtosis. In experimental conditions, these parameters are confronted with small sample size in the estimation process. This small sample size induces errors in the estimated HOS parameters restraining real-time and precise sEMG PDF shape monitoring. Recently, a functional formalism, the Core Shape Model (CSM), has been used to analyse shape modifications of PDF curves. In this work, taking inspiration from CSM method, robust functional statistics are proposed to emulate both skewness and kurtosis behaviors. These functional statistics combine both kernel density estimation and PDF shape distances to evaluate shape modifications even in presence of small sample size. Then, the proposed statistics are tested, using Monte Carlo simulations, on both normal and Log-normal PDFs that mimic observed sEMG PDF shape behavior during muscle contraction. According to the obtained results, the functional statistics seem to be more robust than HOS parameters to small sample size effect and more accurate in sEMG PDF shape screening applications.

An unbiased Hessian representation for Monte Carlo PDFs.

PubMed

Carrazza, Stefano; Forte, Stefano; Kassabov, Zahari; Latorre, José Ignacio; Rojo, Juan

We develop a methodology for the construction of a Hessian representation of Monte Carlo sets of parton distributions, based on the use of a subset of the Monte Carlo PDF replicas as an unbiased linear basis, and of a genetic algorithm for the determination of the optimal basis. We validate the methodology by first showing that it faithfully reproduces a native Monte Carlo PDF set (NNPDF3.0), and then, that if applied to Hessian PDF set (MMHT14) which was transformed into a Monte Carlo set, it gives back the starting PDFs with minimal information loss. We then show that, when applied to a large Monte Carlo PDF set obtained as combination of several underlying sets, the methodology leads to a Hessian representation in terms of a rather smaller set of parameters (MC-H PDFs), thereby providing an alternative implementation of the recently suggested Meta-PDF idea and a Hessian version of the recently suggested PDF compression algorithm (CMC-PDFs). The mc2hessian conversion code is made publicly available together with (through LHAPDF6) a Hessian representations of the NNPDF3.0 set, and the MC-H PDF set.

An assumed joint-Beta PDF approach for supersonic turbulent combustion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baurle, R. A.; Alexopoulos, G. A.; Hassan, H. A.; Drummond, J. P.

1992-01-01

In a recent experiment, Cheng et al. (1991) used ultraviolet spontaneous vibrational Raman scattering and laser-induced predissociative fluorescence techniques for simultaneous measurements of temperature and concentrations of O2, H2, H2O, OH, and N2 (and their rms) in supersonic turbulent reacting shear layers. Because present computational techniques are not suited for prediction of all of the above measurements, a new approach has been developed and is being used to predict all relevant flow properties and their rms (where appropriate). The approach explores the use of a joint-Beta PDF for concentrations. It was found that the general expression of this PDF was impractical because of decoding problems resulting from determining the various parameters of the PDF. Thus, a special case of this general expression was considered. Calculations using this simplified version of the joint-Beta PDF were not consistent with the available data from the experiment.

Local structure and lattice dynamics study of low dimensional materials using atomic pair distribution function and high energy resolution inelastic x-ray scattering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shi, Chenyang

Structure and dynamics lie at the heart of the materials science. A detailed knowledge of both subjects would be foundational in understanding the materials' properties and predicting their potential applications. However, the task becomes increasingly dicult as the particle size is reduced to the nanometer scale. For nanostructured materials their laboratory x-ray scattering patterns are overlapped and broadened, making structure determination impossible. Atomic pair distribution function technique based on either synchrotron x-ray or neutron scattering data is known as the tool of choice for probing local structures. However, to solve the "structure problem" in low-dimensional materials with PDF is still challenging. For example for 2D materials of interest in this thesis the crystallographic modeling approach often yields unphysical thermal factors along stacking direction where new chemical intuitions about their actual structures and new modeling methodology/program are needed. Beyond this, lattice dynamical investigations on nanosized particles are extremely dicult. Laboratory tools such as Raman and infra-red only probe phonons at Brillouin zone center. Although in literature there are a great number of theoretical studies of their vibrational properties based on either empirical force elds or density functional theory, various approximations made in theories make the theoretical predictions less reliable. Also, there lacks the direct experiment result to validate the theory against. In this thesis, we studied the structure and dynamics of a wide variety of technologically relevant low-dimensional materials through synchrotron based x-ray PDF and high energy resolution inelastic x-ray scattering (HERIX) techniques. By collecting PDF data and employing advanced modeling program such as DiPy-CMI, we successfully determined the atomic structures of (i) emerging Ti3C2, Nb4C3 MXenes (transition metal carbides and/or nitrides) that are promising for energy storage applications, and of (ii) zirconium phenylphosphonate ion exchange materials that are proposed to separate lanthanide ions from actinide ions in nuclear waste. Both material systems have two-dimensional layered nanocrystalline structure where we observed that the stacking of layers are not in good registry, also known as turbostratic" disorder. Consequently the signals from a single layer of atoms dominate the experimental PDF{thus building up a single slab model and simulating PDF using Debye function analysis was sucient to capture the main structural features in the measured PDF data. The information on correlation length of layers along the stacking direction, however, is contained in low-Q diraction peaks in either laboratory x-ray or synchrotron x-ray scattering patterns. On the lattice dynamics side, we rst investigated the trend of atomic bonding strength in size dependent platinum nanoparticles based on temperature dependent PDF data and measured Debye temperatures. An anomalous bond softening was observed at a particle size less than 2 nm. Since Debye model gives a simple quadratic phonon density of states (PDOS) curve, which is a simplified version of real lattice dynamics, we are motivated to measure full PDOS curves on three CdSe nanoclusters by using non-resonant inelastic x-ray scattering technique. We observed an overall blue-shift of PDOS curves with decreased sizes. Our current exemplary studies will open the door to a large number of future structural and lattice dynamical studies on a much broader range of low-dimensional material systems.

Measuring droplet size distributions from overlapping interferometric particle images.

PubMed

Bocanegra Evans, Humberto; Dam, Nico; van der Voort, Dennis; Bertens, Guus; van de Water, Willem

2015-02-01

Interferometric particle imaging provides a simple way to measure the probability density function (PDF) of droplet sizes from out-focus images. The optical setup is straightforward, but the interpretation of the data is a problem when particle images overlap. We propose a new way to analyze the images. The emphasis is not on a precise identification of droplets, but on obtaining a good estimate of the PDF of droplet sizes in the case of overlapping particle images. The algorithm is tested using synthetic and experimental data. We next use these methods to measure the PDF of droplet sizes produced by spinning disk aerosol generators. The mean primary droplet diameter agrees with predictions from the literature, but we find a broad distribution of satellite droplet sizes.

Erratum: Erratum: Annealing effect of fluorine-doped SnO2/WO3 core-shell inverse opal nanoarchitecture for photoelectrochemical water splitting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cho, Seo Yoon; Kang, Soon Hyung; Yun, Gun; Balamurugan, Maheswari; Ahn, Kwang-Soon

2018-03-01

In the version of this article initially published, the name of co- author Maheswari was incorrect. The correct name is Maheswari Arunachalam. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.

Smart Grid Educational Series | Energy Systems Integration Facility | NREL

Science.gov Websites

generation through transmission, all the way to the distribution infrastructure. Download presentation | Text on key takeaways from breakout group discussions. Learn more about the workshop. Text Version Text presentation PDF | Text Version Using MultiSpeak Data Model Standard & Essence Anomaly Detection for ICS

Author Correction: Nanoscale control of competing interactions and geometrical frustration in a dipolar trident lattice.

PubMed

Farhan, Alan; Petersen, Charlotte F; Dhuey, Scott; Anghinolfi, Luca; Qin, Qi Hang; Saccone, Michael; Velten, Sven; Wuth, Clemens; Gliga, Sebastian; Mellado, Paula; Alava, Mikko J; Scholl, Andreas; van Dijken, Sebastiaan

2017-12-12

The original version of this article contained an error in the legend to Figure 4. The yellow scale bar should have been defined as '~600 nm', not '~600 µm'. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the article.

Author Correction: Energy use and life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of drones for commercial package delivery.

PubMed

Stolaroff, Joshuah K; Samaras, Constantine; O'Neill, Emma R; Lubers, Alia; Mitchell, Alexandra S; Ceperley, Daniel

2018-03-08

In the original version of this Article, the first sentence of the sixth paragraph of the "Comparing emissions" section, the Results originally incorrectly read as 'In the base case, delivery of a small (0.5 kg) package with the small quadrotor drone has lower impacts than delivery by diesel truck, ranging from a 59% reduction in GHGs in California, to a 17% reduction in Missouri'. The correct version states '54%' instead of '59%' and '23%' instead of '17%'.The fourth sentence of the same paragraph originally incorrectly read as 'In the base case, delivery of a medium-sized (8 kg) package has 17% lower GHGs than delivery by truck in California, is about equivalent to delivery trucks for the U.S. average electricity mix, but has 77% higher GHGs than truck delivery in Missouri, which has a carbon-intensive electricity grid'. The correct version states 'In the base case, delivery of a medium-sized (8 kg) package has 9% lower GHGs than delivery by truck in California, is about 24% higher than delivery trucks for the U.S. average electricity mix, and has 50% higher GHGs than truck delivery in Missouri, which has a carbon-intensive electricity grid.The last sentence of the seventh paragraph of the same section originally incorrectly read as 'Because of the importance of electricity used to power the octocopter, charging with low-carbon electricity of 200 g GHG/kWh can reduce delivered package GHGs by 34% compared to diesel trucks'. The correct version states '37%' instead of '34%'.These errors have been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

What about Breastfeeding?

MedlinePlus

... Fundraising Ideas Vehicle Donation Volunteer Efforts What about Breastfeeding? skip to submenu What We Do Cleft & Craniofacial Educational Materials What about Breastfeeding? To download the PDF version of this factsheet, ...

The Impact of the Medicare-Eligible Retiree Health Care Fund on Navy Military Treatment Facilities’ Demand-to-Capacity Solution

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-01

Physical Therapy, Optometry, Audiology, Tele-Dermatology and Eyes, Nose & Throat (ENT); (3) Dental Care, i.e., General Dentistry , Oral Surgery...Physical Therapy, Chiropractic, Optometry, Audiology, Public Health and Eyes, Nose & Throat (ENT); (3) Dental Care, including General Dentistry ...guidelines. Version 3.2. Unified biostatistical utility. Retrieved September 14, 2010, from http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/601517p.pdf

Navajo coal and air quality in Shiprock, New Mexico

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bunnell, Joseph E.; Garcia, Linda V.

2006-01-01

Among the Navajo people, high levels of respiratory disease, such as asthma, exist in a population with low rates of cigarette smoking. Air quality outdoors and indoors affects respiratory health. Many Navajo Nation residents burn locally mined coal in their homes for heat, as coal is the most economical energy source. The U.S. Geological Survey and Dine College, in cooperation with the Navajo Division of Health, are conducting a study in the Shiprock, New Mexico, area to determine if indoor use of this coal might be contributing to some of the respiratory health problems experienced by the residents. Researchers in this study will (1) examine respiratory health data, (2) identify stove type and use, (3) analyze samples of coal that are used locally, and (4) measure and characterize air quality inside selected homes. This Fact Sheet summarizes the interim results of the study in both English and Navajo. This Fact Sheet is available in three versions: * English [800-KB PDF file ] * Navajo [computer must have Navajo language fonts installed - 304-KB PDF file] * Image of the Navajo language version [19.8-MB PDF file

Erratum: Erratum: Dual roles of a flouride-doped SnO2/TiO2 bilayer based on inverse opal/nanoparticle structure for water oxidation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yun, Gun; Balamurugan, Maheswari; Ahn, Kwang-Soon; Lee, Sang-Kwon; Kang, Soon Hyung; Lim, Dong-Ha

2018-03-01

In the version of this article initially published, the name of co- author Maheswari was incorrect. The correct name is Maheswari Arunachalam. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.

Publisher Correction: Embryonic defects induced by maternal obesity in mice derive from Stella insufficiency in oocytes.

PubMed

Han, Longsen; Ren, Chao; Li, Ling; Li, Xiaoyan; Ge, Juan; Wang, Haichao; Miao, Yi-Liang; Guo, Xuejiang; Moley, Kelle H; Shu, Wenjie; Wang, Qiang

2018-05-01

In the version of this article originally published, the positions of Wenjie Shu and Qiang Wang in the author list were reversed and incorrect images were displayed in the HTML for Supplementary Figs. 1-12. The errors have been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.

Author Correction: The F-box protein FKF1 inhibits dimerization of COP1 in the control of photoperiodic flowering.

PubMed

Lee, Byoung-Doo; Kim, Mi Ri; Kang, Min-Young; Cha, Joon-Yung; Han, Su-Hyun; Nawkar, Ganesh M; Sakuraba, Yasuhito; Lee, Sang Yeol; Imaizumi, Takato; McClung, C Robertson; Kim, Woe-Yeon; Paek, Nam-Chon

2018-02-02

The previously published version of this Article contained errors in Figure 5. In panel c, the second and fourth blot images were incorrectly labeled 'α-Myc' and should have been labelled 'α-HA'. These errors have been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Author Correction: Uplift of the central transantarctic mountains.

PubMed

Wannamaker, Phil; Hill, Graham; Stodt, John; Maris, Virginie; Ogawa, Yasuo; Selway, Kate; Boren, Goran; Bertrand, Edward; Uhlmann, Daniel; Ayling, Bridget; Green, A Marie; Feucht, Daniel

2018-02-16

The original version of this Article incorrectly referenced the Figures in the Supplementary Information. References in the main Article to Supplementary Figure 7 through to Supplementary Figure 20 were previously incorrectly cited as Supplementary Figure 5 through to Supplementary Figure 18, respectively. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Author Correction: Circuit dissection of the role of somatostatin in itch and pain.

PubMed

Huang, Jing; Polgár, Erika; Solinski, Hans Jürgen; Mishra, Santosh K; Tseng, Pang-Yen; Iwagaki, Noboru; Boyle, Kieran A; Dickie, Allen C; Kriegbaum, Mette C; Wildner, Hendrik; Zeilhofer, Hanns Ulrich; Watanabe, Masahiko; Riddell, John S; Todd, Andrew J; Hoon, Mark A

2018-06-01

In the version of this article initially published online, the labels were switched for the right-hand pair of bars in Fig. 4e. The left one of the two should be Chloroquine + veh, the right one Chloroquine + CNO. The error has been corrected in the print, HTML and PDF versions of the article.

19 CFR 351.303 - Filing, document identification, format, translation, service, and certification of documents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... submit a public version of a database in pdf format. The public version of the database must be publicly... interested party that files with the Department a request for an expedited antidumping review, an..., whichever is later. If the interested party that files the request is unable to locate a particular exporter...

Pharmacogenomics Fact Sheet

MedlinePlus

... News & Meetings Science Education About NIGMS NIGMS Home > Science Education > Pharmacogenomics Pharmacogenomics Tagline (Optional) Middle/Main Content Area PDF Version (376 KB) Other Fact Sheets What is pharmacogenomics? Pharmacogenomics (sometimes called pharmacogenetics) ...

Publisher Correction: A Co3O4-CDots-C3N4 three component electrocatalyst design concept for efficient and tunable CO2 reduction to syngas.

PubMed

Guo, Sijie; Zhao, Siqi; Wu, Xiuqin; Li, Hao; Zhou, Yunjie; Zhu, Cheng; Yang, Nianjun; Jiang, Xin; Gao, Jin; Bai, Liang; Liu, Yang; Lifshitz, Yeshayahu; Lee, Shuit-Tong; Kang, Zhenhui

2018-02-08

The original HTML version of this Article omitted to list Yeshayahu Lifshitz as a corresponding author and incorrectly listed Shuit-Tong Lee as a corresponding author.Correspondingly, the original PDF version of this Article incorrectly stated that "Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to X.J. (email: xin.jiang@uni-siegen.de), or to Y.L. (email: yangl@suda.edu.cn), or to S.-T.L. (email: shayli@technion.ac.il), or to Z.K. (email: zhkang@suda.edu.cn)", instead of the correct "Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to X.J. (email: xin.jiang@uni-siegen.de), or to Y. Liu (email: yangl@suda.edu.cn), or to Y. Lifshitz (email: shayli@technion.ac.il), or to Z.K. (email: zhkang@suda.edu.cn)".This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Review of Particle Physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Patrignani, C.; Particle Data Group

2016-10-01

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,062 new measurements from 721 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 117 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including those on Pentaquarks and Inflation. The complete Review is published online in a journal and on the website of the Particle Data Group (http://pdg.lbl.gov). The printed PDG Book contains the Summary Tables and all review articles but no longer includes the detailed tables from the Particle Listings. A Booklet with the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the review articles is also available. Contents Abstract, Contributors, Highlights and Table of ContentsAcrobat PDF (150 KB) IntroductionAcrobat PDF (456 KB) Particle Physics Summary Tables Gauge and Higgs bosonsAcrobat PDF (155 KB) LeptonsAcrobat PDF (134 KB) QuarksAcrobat PDF (84 KB) MesonsAcrobat PDF (871 KB) BaryonsAcrobat PDF (300 KB) Searches (Supersymmetry, Compositeness, etc.)Acrobat PDF (91 KB) Tests of conservation lawsAcrobat PDF (330 KB) Reviews, Tables, and Plots Detailed contents for this sectionAcrobat PDF (37 KB) Constants, Units, Atomic and Nuclear PropertiesAcrobat PDF (278 KB) Standard Model and Related TopicsAcrobat PDF (7.3 MB) Astrophysics and CosmologyAcrobat PDF (2.7 MB) Experimental Methods and CollidersAcrobat PDF (3.8 MB) Mathematical Tools or Statistics, Monte Carlo, Group Theory Acrobat PDF (1.3 MB) Kinematics, Cross-Section Formulae, and PlotsAcrobat PDF (3.9 MB) Particle Listings Illustrative key and abbreviationsAcrobat PDF (235 KB) Gauge and Higgs bosonsAcrobat PDF (2 MB) LeptonsAcrobat PDF (1.5 MB) QuarksAcrobat PDF (1.2 MB) Mesons: Light unflavored and strangeAcrobat PDF (4 MB) Mesons: Charmed and bottomAcrobat PDF (7.4 MB) Mesons: OtherAcrobat PDF (3.1 MB) BaryonsAcrobat PDF (3.97 MB) Miscellaneous searchesAcrobat PDF (2.4 MB) IndexAcrobat PDF (160 KB)

Publisher Correction: Oncolytic viruses as engineering platforms for combination immunotherapy.

PubMed

Twumasi-Boateng, Kwame; Pettigrew, Jessica L; Kwok, Y Y Eunice; Bell, John C; Nelson, Brad H

2018-05-04

In the online html version of this article, the affiliations for Jessica L. Pettigrew and John C. Bell were not correct. Jessica L. Pettigrew is at the Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada and John C. Bell is at the Center for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. This is correct in the print and PDF versions of the article and has been corrected in the html version.

Author Correction: Targeted gadofullerene for sensitive magnetic resonance imaging and risk-stratification of breast cancer.

PubMed

Han, Zheng; Wu, Xiaohui; Roelle, Sarah; Chen, Chuheng; Schiemann, William P; Lu, Zheng-Rong

2018-01-08

In the original version of this Article, the penultimate sentence of the Abstract incorrectly read 'The dose of the contrast agent for effective molecular MRI is only slightly lower than that of ZD2-Cy5.5 (0.5 µmol kg -1 ) in fluorescence imaging.' The correct version states 'higher' in place of 'lower'. This error has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Publisher Correction: Whole genome sequencing in psychiatric disorders: the WGSPD consortium.

PubMed

Sanders, Stephan J; Neale, Benjamin M; Huang, Hailiang; Werling, Donna M; An, Joon-Yong; Dong, Shan; Abecasis, Goncalo; Arguello, P Alexander; Blangero, John; Boehnke, Michael; Daly, Mark J; Eggan, Kevin; Geschwind, Daniel H; Glahn, David C; Goldstein, David B; Gur, Raquel E; Handsaker, Robert E; McCarroll, Steven A; Ophoff, Roel A; Palotie, Aarno; Pato, Carlos N; Sabatti, Chiara; State, Matthew W; Willsey, A Jeremy; Hyman, Steven E; Addington, Anjene M; Lehner, Thomas; Freimer, Nelson B

2018-03-16

In the version of this article initially published, the consortium authorship and corresponding authors were not presented correctly. In the PDF and print versions, the Whole Genome Sequencing for Psychiatric Disorders (WGSPD) consortium was missing from the author list at the beginning of the paper, where it should have appeared as the seventh author; it was present in the author list at the end of the paper, but the footnote directing readers to the Supplementary Note for a list of members was missing. In the HTML version, the consortium was listed as the last author instead of as the seventh, and the line directing readers to the Supplementary Note for a list of members appeared at the end of the paper under Author Information but not in association with the consortium name itself. Also, this line stated that both member names and affiliations could be found in the Supplementary Note; in fact, only names are given. In all versions of the paper, the corresponding author symbols were attached to A. Jeremy Willsey, Steven E. Hyman, Anjene M. Addington and Thomas Lehner; they should have been attached, respectively, to Steven E. Hyman, Anjene M. Addington, Thomas Lehner and Nelson B. Freimer. As a result of this shift, the respective contact links in the HTML version did not lead to the indicated individuals. The errors have been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.

Trauma Fact Sheet

MedlinePlus

... News & Meetings Science Education About NIGMS NIGMS Home > Science Education > Physical Trauma Physical Trauma Tagline (Optional) Middle/Main Content Area PDF Version (420 KB) Other Fact Sheets What is physical trauma? Physical trauma is ...

Author Correction: RNA cytosine methylation and methyltransferases mediate chromatin organization and 5-azacytidine response and resistance in leukaemia.

PubMed

Cheng, Jason X; Chen, Li; Li, Yuan; Cloe, Adam; Yue, Ming; Wei, Jiangbo; Watanabe, Kenneth A; Shammo, Jamile M; Anastasi, John; Shen, Qingxi J; Larson, Richard A; He, Chuan; Le Beau, Michelle M; Vardiman, James W

2018-06-06

In the originally published version of this Article, the GAPDH loading control blot in Fig. 1a was inadvertently replaced with a duplicate of the DNMT2 blot in the same panel during assembly of the figure. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Publisher Correction: Polymorphic design of DNA origami structures through mechanical control of modular components.

PubMed

Lee, Chanseok; Lee, Jae Young; Kim, Do-Nyun

2018-02-07

The originally published version of this Article contained an error in Figure 5. In panel f, the right y-axis 'Strain energy (kbT)' was labelled 'Probability' and the left y-axis 'Probability' was labelled 'Strain energy (kbT)'. This error has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Author Correction: Watt-level 10-gigahertz solid-state laser enabled by self-defocusing nonlinearities in an aperiodically poled crystal.

PubMed

Mayer, A S; Phillips, C R; Keller, U

2018-04-11

The original version of this Article contained an error in Fig. 3a, in which the delay axis was incorrectly labeled in increments of 0.5 ps instead of the correct 0.2 ps. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Author Correction: High frequency temperature variability reduces the risk of coral bleaching.

PubMed

Safaie, Aryan; Silbiger, Nyssa J; McClanahan, Timothy R; Pawlak, Geno; Barshis, Daniel J; Hench, James L; Rogers, Justin S; Williams, Gareth J; Davis, Kristen A

2018-06-05

The original version of the Article was missing an acknowledgement of a funding source. The authors acknowledge that A. Safaie and K.Davis were supported by National Science Foundation Award No. 1436254 and G. Pawlak was supported by Award No. 1436522. This omission has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Author Correction: Spiraling pathways of global deep waters to the surface of the Southern Ocean.

PubMed

Tamsitt, Veronica; Drake, Henri F; Morrison, Adele K; Talley, Lynne D; Dufour, Carolina O; Gray, Alison R; Griffies, Stephen M; Mazloff, Matthew R; Sarmiento, Jorge L; Wang, Jinbo; Weijer, Wilbert

2018-01-15

The original version of this Article contained errors in Fig. 6. In panel a, the grey highlights obscured the curves for CESM, CM2.6 and SOSE, and the labels indicating SWIR, KP, MR, PAR, and DP were inadvertently omitted. These have now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Author Correction: Re-designing Interleukin-12 to enhance its safety and potential as an anti-tumor immunotherapeutic agent.

PubMed

Wang, Pengju; Li, Xiaozhu; Wang, Jiwei; Gao, Dongling; Li, Yuenan; Li, Haoze; Chu, Yongchao; Zhang, Zhongxian; Liu, Hongtao; Jiang, Guozhong; Cheng, Zhenguo; Wang, Shengdian; Dong, Jianzeng; Feng, Baisui; Chard, Louisa S; Lemoine, Nicholas R; Wang, Yaohe

2018-01-10

The originally published version of this Article contained errors in Figure 4. In panel b, the square and diamond labels associated with the uppermost survival curve were incorrectly displayed as 'n' and 'u', respectively. These errors have now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

SU-F-T-94: Plan2pdf - a Software Tool for Automatic Plan Report for Philips Pinnacle TPS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wu, C

Purpose: To implement an automatic electronic PDF plan reporting tool for Philips Pinnacle treatment planning system (TPS) Methods: An electronic treatment plan reporting software is developed by us to enable fully automatic PDF report from Pinnacle TPS to external EMR programs such as MOSAIQ. The tool is named “plan2pdf”. plan2pdf is implemented using Pinnacle scripts, Java and UNIX shell scripts, without any external program needed. plan2pdf supports full auto-mode and manual mode reporting. In full auto-mode, with a single mouse click, plan2pdf will generate a detailed Pinnacle plan report in PDF format, which includes customizable cover page, Pinnacle plan summary,more » orthogonal views through each plan POI and maximum dose point, DRR for each beam, serial transverse views captured throughout the dose grid at a user specified interval, DVH and scorecard windows. The final PDF report is also automatically bookmarked for each section above for convenient plan review. The final PDF report can either be saved on a user specified folder on Pinnacle, or it can be automatically exported to an EMR import folder via a user configured FTP service. In manual capture mode, plan2pdf allows users to capture any Pinnacle plan by full screen, individual window or rectangular ROI drawn on screen. Furthermore, to avoid possible patients’ plan mix-up during auto-mode reporting, a user conflict check feature is included in plan2pdf: it prompts user to wait if another patient is being exported by plan2pdf by another user. Results: plan2pdf is tested extensively and successfully at our institution consists of 5 centers, 15 dosimetrists and 10 physicists, running Pinnacle version 9.10 on Enterprise servers. Conclusion: plan2pdf provides a highly efficient, user friendly and clinical proven platform for all Philips Pinnacle users, to generate a detailed plan report in PDF format for external EMR systems.« less

Applying an economical scale-aware PDF-based turbulence closure model in NOAA NCEP GCMs.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Belochitski, A.; Krueger, S. K.; Moorthi, S.; Bogenschutz, P.; Cheng, A.

2017-12-01

A novel unified representation of sub-grid scale (SGS) turbulence, cloudiness, and shallow convection is being implemented into the NOAA NCEP Global Forecasting System (GFS) general circulation model. The approach, known as Simplified High Order Closure (SHOC), is based on predicting a joint PDF of SGS thermodynamic variables and vertical velocity, and using it to diagnose turbulent diffusion coefficients, SGS fluxes, condensation, and cloudiness. Unlike other similar methods, comparatively few new prognostic variables needs to be introduced, making the technique computationally efficient. In the base version of SHOC it is SGS turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), and in the developmental version — SGS TKE, and variances of total water and moist static energy (MSE). SHOC is now incorporated into a version of GFS that will become a part of the NOAA Next Generation Global Prediction System based around NOAA GFDL's FV3 dynamical core, NOAA Environmental Modeling System (NEMS) coupled modeling infrastructure software, and a set novel physical parameterizations. Turbulent diffusion coefficients computed by SHOC are now used in place of those produced by the boundary layer turbulence and shallow convection parameterizations. Large scale microphysics scheme is no longer used to calculate cloud fraction or the large-scale condensation/deposition. Instead, SHOC provides these quantities. Radiative transfer parameterization uses cloudiness computed by SHOC. An outstanding problem with implementation of SHOC in the NCEP global models is excessively large high level tropical cloudiness. Comparison of the moments of the SGS PDF diagnosed by SHOC to the moments calculated in a GigaLES simulation of tropical deep convection case (GATE), shows that SHOC diagnoses too narrow PDF distributions of total cloud water and MSE in the areas of deep convective detrainment. A subsequent sensitivity study of SHOC's diagnosed cloud fraction (CF) to higher order input moments of the SGS PDF demonstrated that CF is improved if SHOC is provided with correct variances of total water and MSE. Consequently, SHOC was modified to include two new prognostic equations for variances of total water and MSE, and coupled with the Chikira-Sugiyama parameterization of deep convection to include effects of detrainment on the prognostic variances.

Resources | Division of Cancer Prevention

Cancer.gov

Manual of Operations Version 3, 12/13/2012 (PDF, 162KB) Database Sources Consortium for Functional Glycomics databases Design Studies Related to the Development of Distributed, Web-based European Carbohydrate Databases (EUROCarbDB) |

The Origin of the Department of the Navy’s Biofuel Initiative and the Volatility Problem for Defense Energy

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-06-01

2014%20Oct%2009%20Rel1.pdf Mankiw , N. G. (2009). Principles of economics (5th ed.) [PDF version]. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning...putting in the time and resources to make this research possible. I really enjoyed your class, MN4970 Energy Economics , because it taught me to think...contributor to our economic prosperity. If we do not develop the policies that encourage the private sector to seize the opportunity, the United States

Sepsis Fact Sheet

MedlinePlus

... News & Meetings Science Education About NIGMS NIGMS Home > Science Education > Sepsis Sepsis Tagline (Optional) Middle/Main Content Area PDF Version (392 KB) En español Other Fact Sheets What is sepsis? Sepsis is a serious ...

Anesthesia Fact Sheet

MedlinePlus

... News & Meetings Science Education About NIGMS NIGMS Home > Science Education > Anesthesia Anesthesia Tagline (Optional) Middle/Main Content Area En español PDF Version (464 KB) Other Fact Sheets What is anesthesia? Anesthesia is a medical ...

PDF Version of EPA Communication Product Standards Stylebook

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This stylebook provides style and format guidance for most media, including print documents, audiovisual, broadcast, presentation and exhibit work. Also find templates and samples, copyright requirements, publishing information, and logo use standards.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Data and Statistics

MedlinePlus

... Statistics Recommend on Facebook Tweet Share Compartir COPD Death Rates in the United States Printable Version [PDF 202KB] Although age-adjusted death rates for COPD declined among US men from 1999 ( ...

Immunization Schedules for Adults

MedlinePlus

... color [2 pages] PDF black & white [2 pages] Spanish Version (en español) Vacunas recomendadas para adultos según ... easy-to-read format in English and/or Spanish on your website. See examples of how the ...

NASA Scope and Subject Category Guide

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2011-01-01

This guide provides a simple, effective tool to assist aerospace information analysts and database builders in the high-level subject classification of technical materials. Each of the 76 subject categories comprising the classification scheme is presented with a description of category scope, a listing of subtopics, cross references, and an indication of particular areas of NASA interest. The guide also includes an index of nearly 3,000 specific research topics cross referenced to the subject categories. The portable document format (PDF) version of the guide contains links in the index from each input subject to its corresponding categories. In addition to subject classification, the guide can serve as an aid to searching databases that use the classification scheme, and is also an excellent selection guide for those involved in the acquisition of aerospace literature. The CD-ROM contains both HTML and PDF versions.

Publisher Correction: The global distribution of tetrapods reveals a need for targeted reptile conservation.

PubMed

Roll, Uri; Feldman, Anat; Novosolov, Maria; Allison, Allen; Bauer, Aaron M; Bernard, Rodolphe; Böhm, Monika; Castro-Herrera, Fernando; Chirio, Laurent; Collen, Ben; Colli, Guarino R; Dabool, Lital; Das, Indraneil; Doan, Tiffany M; Grismer, Lee L; Hoogmoed, Marinus; Itescu, Yuval; Kraus, Fred; LeBreton, Matthew; Lewin, Amir; Martins, Marcio; Maza, Erez; Meirte, Danny; Nagy, Zoltán T; de C Nogueira, Cristiano; Pauwels, Olivier S G; Pincheira-Donoso, Daniel; Powney, Gary D; Sindaco, Roberto; Tallowin, Oliver J S; Torres-Carvajal, Omar; Trape, Jean-François; Vidan, Enav; Uetz, Peter; Wagner, Philipp; Wang, Yuezhao; Orme, C David L; Grenyer, Richard; Meiri, Shai

2017-11-01

In this Article originally published, owing to a technical error, the author 'Laurent Chirio' was mistakenly designated as a corresponding author in the HTML version, the PDF was correct. This error has now been corrected in the HTML version. Further, in Supplementary Table 3, the authors misspelt the surname of 'Danny Meirte'; this file has now been replaced.

Publisher Correction: Evolutionary adaptations to new environments generally reverse plastic phenotypic changes.

PubMed

Ho, Wei-Chin; Zhang, Jianzhi

2018-02-21

The originally published HTML version of this Article contained errors in the three equations in the Methods sub-section 'Metabolic network analysis', whereby the Greek letter eta (η) was inadvertently used in place of beta (β) during the production process. These errors have now been corrected in the HTML version of the Article; the PDF was correct at the time of publication.

Author Correction: Conventional CD4+ T cells present bacterial antigens to induce cytotoxic and memory CD8+ T cell responses.

PubMed

Cruz-Adalia, Aránzazu; Ramirez-Santiago, Guillermo; Osuna-Pérez, Jesús; Torres-Torresano, Mónica; Zorita, Virgina; Martínez-Riaño, Ana; Boccasavia, Viola; Borroto, Aldo; Martínez Del Hoyo, Gloria; González-Granado, José María; Alarcón, Balbino; Sánchez-Madrid, Francisco; Veiga, Esteban

2018-01-31

The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author José María González-Granado, which was incorrectly given as José María Gozález-Granado. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Publisher Correction: Random access quantum information processors using multimode circuit quantum electrodynamics.

PubMed

Naik, R K; Leung, N; Chakram, S; Groszkowski, Peter; Lu, Y; Earnest, N; McKay, D C; Koch, Jens; Schuster, D I

2018-01-09

In the original version of this Article, the affiliation details for Peter Groszkowski and Jens Koch were incorrectly given as 'Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA', instead of the correct 'Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA'. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Author Correction: Competition between crystal and fibril formation in molecular mutations of amyloidogenic peptides.

PubMed

Reynolds, Nicholas P; Adamcik, Jozef; Berryman, Joshua T; Handschin, Stephan; Zanjani, Ali Asghar Hakami; Li, Wen; Liu, Kun; Zhang, Afang; Mezzenga, Raffaele

2017-12-20

The original version of this article contained an error in Fig. 5c. The label for the back series of columns was incorrectly given as '1.5 mM pH 2', rather than the correct '1.5 mM pH 7'. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the article.

Multipurpose Grants to States and Tribes Frequent Questions PDF version

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

These are frequently asked questions about the grant guidance to states and tribes for FY 2016 multipurpose grant funding. EPA will add additional questions and answers as more questions come into the agency.

Publisher Correction: 78,000-year-old record of Middle and Later Stone Age innovation in an East African tropical forest.

PubMed

Shipton, Ceri; Roberts, Patrick; Archer, Will; Armitage, Simon J; Bita, Caesar; Blinkhorn, James; Courtney-Mustaphi, Colin; Crowther, Alison; Curtis, Richard; Errico, Francesco d'; Douka, Katerina; Faulkner, Patrick; Groucutt, Huw S; Helm, Richard; Herries, Andy I R; Jembe, Severinus; Kourampas, Nikos; Lee-Thorp, Julia; Marchant, Rob; Mercader, Julio; Marti, Africa Pitarch; Prendergast, Mary E; Rowson, Ben; Tengeza, Amini; Tibesasa, Ruth; White, Tom S; Petraglia, Michael D; Boivin, Nicole

2018-06-05

The originally published version of this Article contained an error in Fig. 3, whereby an additional unrelated graph was overlaid on top of the magnetic susceptibility plot. Furthermore, the Article title contained an error in the capitalisation of 'Stone Age'. Both of these errors have now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Publisher Correction: Rotating robots move collectively and self-organize.

PubMed

Scholz, Christian; Engel, Michael; Pöschel, Thorsten

2018-04-11

The original version of this Article contained an error in Fig. 5. In Fig. 5e, the scale on the y-axis originally incorrectly went from '0' to '1.10 -4 '. The correct scale goes from '0' to '0.4'. In Fig 5f, the x-axis labels were incorrectly shifted to the right. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

FAA Air Transportation Modernization and Safety Improvement Act

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Rep. Rangel, Charles B. [D-NY-15

2009-03-18

08/10/2010 Became Public Law No: 111-226. (TXT | PDF) (All Actions) Notes: As enacted, the bill funds education jobs and Medicaid, but in a previous version funded aviation programs. The title shown at the top of the page is that of the last version of the bill that contained a title. Tracker: This bill has the status Became LawHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Probability density functions of power-in-bucket and power-in-fiber for an infrared laser beam propagating in the maritime environment.

PubMed

Nelson, Charles; Avramov-Zamurovic, Svetlana; Korotkova, Olga; Malek-Madani, Reza; Sova, Raymond; Davidson, Frederic

2013-11-01

Irradiance fluctuations of an infrared laser beam from a shore-to-ship data link ranging from 5.1 to 17.8 km are compared to lognormal (LN), gamma-gamma (GG) with aperture averaging, and gamma-Laguerre (GL) distributions. From our data analysis, the LN and GG probability density function (PDF) models were generally in good agreement in near-weak to moderate fluctuations. This was also true in moderate to strong fluctuations when the spatial coherence radius was smaller than the detector aperture size, with the exception of the 2.54 cm power-in-bucket (PIB) where the LN PDF model fit best. For moderate to strong fluctuations, the GG PDF model tended to outperform the LN PDF model when the spatial coherence radius was greater than the detector aperture size. Additionally, the GL PDF model had the best or next to best overall fit in all cases with the exception of the 2.54 cm PIB where the scintillation index was highest. The GL PDF model also appears to be robust for off-of-beam center laser beam applications.

Effect of forest cover on water treatment costs

Treesearch

Travis Warziniack; ChiHo Sham; Robert Morgan; Yasha Feferholtz

2017-01-01

Please note: Due to copyright restrictions, this PDF is the submitted manuscript of the publication. The published version can be purchased on the Water Economics and Policy website here: http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/...

Suggested Format for Acute Toxicity Studies

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This document suggests the format for final reports on pesticide studies (right column of the tables in the document) and provides instructions for the creation of PDF Version 1.3 electronic submission documents (left column of the tables).

Workshop on New Views of the Moon 2: Understanding the Moon Through the Integration of Diverse Datasets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1999-01-01

This volume contains abstracts that have been accepted for presentation at the Workshop on New Views of the Moon II: Understanding the Moon Through the Integration of Diverse Datasets, September 22-24, 1999, in Flagstaff, Arizona. The workshop conveners are Lisa Gaddis (U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff and Charles K. Shearer (University of New Mexico). Color versions of some of the images contained in this volume are available on the meeting Web site (http://cass.jsc.nasa.gov/meetings/moon99/pdf/program.pdf).

US Topo Product Standard

USGS Publications Warehouse

Cooley, Michael J.; Davis, Larry R.; Fishburn, Kristin A.; Lestinsky, Helmut; Moore, Laurence R.

2011-01-01

A full-size style sheet template in PDF that defines the placement of map elements, marginalia, and font sizes and styles accompanies this standard. The GeoPDF US Topo maps are fashioned to conform to this style sheet so that a user can print out a map at the 1:24,000-scale using the dimensions of the traditional standard 7.5-minute quadrangle. Symbology and type specifications for feature content are published separately. In addition, the GeoPDF design allows for custom printing, so that a user may zoom in and out, turn layers on and off, and view or print any combination of layers or any map portion at any desired scale.

Biological Environmental Sampling Technologies Assessment

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-01

unlimited. 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT: U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Research and Technology Directorate, BioSensors ...format (pdf) electronic version of this report: ECBC R&T Directorate, Biosciences Division, BioSensors Branch RDCB-DRB-S ATTN: Gostomski, J

Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2010

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Rep. Murtha, John P. [D-PA-12

2009-07-24

12/19/2009 Became Public Law No: 111-118. (TXT | PDF) (All Actions) Notes: Because the FY2010 DOD Appropriations Act was approved by both chambers by exchanging different versions of H.R. 3326, no conference report was issued. Section 1014 of the final version provides that the explanatory statement inserted in the Congressional Record on December 16... Tracker: This bill has the status Became LawHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Publisher Correction: Precisely printable and biocompatible silk fibroin bioink for digital light processing 3D printing.

PubMed

Kim, Soon Hee; Yeon, Yeung Kyu; Lee, Jung Min; Chao, Janet Ren; Lee, Young Jin; Seo, Ye Been; Sultan, Md Tipu; Lee, Ok Joo; Lee, Ji Seung; Yoon, Sung-Il; Hong, In-Sun; Khang, Gilson; Lee, Sang Jin; Yoo, James J; Park, Chan Hum

2018-06-11

The original version of this Article contained errors in Figs. 5 and 6. In Fig. 5b, the second panel on the bottom row was stretched out of proportion. In Fig. 6d, the first panel was also stretched out of proportion. In Fig. 6f, the fifth panel inadvertently repeated the fourth. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Q-Boosted Optomechanical Resonators

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-11-18

Devices ( ORCHID ) Lead Organization: University of California at Berkeley Project Title: Q-Boosted Optomechanical Resonators Technical...be a PDF. Please do not password protect or secure the PDF . The maximum file size for the Report Document is 50MB. 150915 UCB Nguyen ORCHID

76 FR 45794 - Notice of Public Information Collection(s) Being Reviewed by the Federal Communications...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-01

... must be submitted electronically in machine-readable format. PDF images created by scanning a paper document may not be submitted, except in cases in which a word- processing version of the document is not...

Multifractal analysis with the probability density function at the three-dimensional anderson transition.

PubMed

Rodriguez, Alberto; Vasquez, Louella J; Römer, Rudolf A

2009-03-13

The probability density function (PDF) for critical wave function amplitudes is studied in the three-dimensional Anderson model. We present a formal expression between the PDF and the multifractal spectrum f(alpha) in which the role of finite-size corrections is properly analyzed. We show the non-Gaussian nature and the existence of a symmetry relation in the PDF. From the PDF, we extract information about f(alpha) at criticality such as the presence of negative fractal dimensions and the possible existence of termination points. A PDF-based multifractal analysis is shown to be a valid alternative to the standard approach based on the scaling of inverse participation ratios.

Sensitivity to Pigment-Dispersing Factor (PDF) Is Cell-Type Specific among PDF-Expressing Circadian Clock Neurons in the Madeira Cockroach.

PubMed

Gestrich, Julia; Giese, Maria; Shen, Wen; Zhang, Yi; Voss, Alexandra; Popov, Cyril; Stengl, Monika; Wei, HongYing

2018-02-01

Transplantation studies have pinpointed the circadian clock of the Madeira cockroach to the accessory medulla (AME) of the brain's optic lobes. The AME is innervated by approximately 240 adjacent neuropeptidergic neurons, including 12 pigment-dispersing factor (PDF)-expressing neurons anterior to the AME (aPDFMEs). Four of the aPDFMEs project contralaterally, controlling locomotor activity rhythms of the night-active cockroach. The present in vitro Ca 2+ imaging analysis focuses on contralaterally projecting AME neurons and their responses to PDF, GABA, and acetylcholine (ACh). First, rhodamine-dextran backfills from the contralateral optic stalk identified contralaterally projecting AME neurons, which were then dispersed in primary cell cultures. After characterization of PDF, GABA, and ACh responses, PDF immunocytochemistry identified ipsilaterally and contralaterally projecting PDFMEs. All PDF-sensitive clock neurons, PDF-immunoreactive clock neurons, and the majority of ipsilaterally and contralaterally projecting cells were excited by ACh. GABA inhibited all PDF-expressing clock neurons, and about half of other ipsilaterally projecting and most contralaterally projecting clock neurons. For the first time, we identified PDF autoreceptors in PDF-secreting cockroach circadian pacemakers. The medium-sized aPDFMEs and all other contralaterally projecting PDF-sensitive clock cells were inhibited by PDF. The ipsilaterally remaining small PDF-sensitive clock cells were activated by PDF. Only the largest aPDFME did not express PDF autoreceptors. We hypothesize that opposing PDF signaling generates 2 different ensembles of clock cells with antiphasic activity, regulating and maintaining a constant phase relationship between rest and activity cycles of the night-active cockroach.

MISR Level 3 Radiance Versioning

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2016-11-04

... ESDT Product File Name Prefix Current Quality Designations MIL3DRD, MIL3MRD, MIL3QRD, and MIL3YRD ... Data Product Specification Rev K  (PDF). Update to work with new format of the input PGE 1 files.   F02_0007 ...

Publisher Correction: Hierarchical self-entangled carbon nanotube tube networks.

PubMed

Schütt, Fabian; Signetti, Stefano; Krüger, Helge; Röder, Sarah; Smazna, Daria; Kaps, Sören; Gorb, Stanislav N; Mishra, Yogendra Kumar; Pugno, Nicola M; Adelung, Rainer

2018-01-09

The original version of this Article was missing the ORCID ID of Professor Nicola Pugno.Also in the original version of this Article, the third to last sentence of the fourth paragraph of the Results incorrectly read 'However, the stepwise addition of CNTs increases the self-entanglement and thereby the compressive strength value as well as the Young's modulus (up to 2.5 MPa (normalized by density 6.4) and 24.5 MPa (normalized by density 62 MPa cm 3 g -1 ).' The correct version adds the units 'MPa cm 3 g -1 ' to '6.4'.Finally, in the original version of this Article, the y-axis label of Figure 3f incorrectly read 'Comp. strengthy'. The new version corrects that to 'Comp. Strength'.These errors have now been corrected in both the PDF and the HTML versions of the Article.

Bayesian assessment of uncertainty in aerosol size distributions and index of refraction retrieved from multiwavelength lidar measurements.

PubMed

Herman, Benjamin R; Gross, Barry; Moshary, Fred; Ahmed, Samir

2008-04-01

We investigate the assessment of uncertainty in the inference of aerosol size distributions from backscatter and extinction measurements that can be obtained from a modern elastic/Raman lidar system with a Nd:YAG laser transmitter. To calculate the uncertainty, an analytic formula for the correlated probability density function (PDF) describing the error for an optical coefficient ratio is derived based on a normally distributed fractional error in the optical coefficients. Assuming a monomodal lognormal particle size distribution of spherical, homogeneous particles with a known index of refraction, we compare the assessment of uncertainty using a more conventional forward Monte Carlo method with that obtained from a Bayesian posterior PDF assuming a uniform prior PDF and show that substantial differences between the two methods exist. In addition, we use the posterior PDF formalism, which was extended to include an unknown refractive index, to find credible sets for a variety of optical measurement scenarios. We find the uncertainty is greatly reduced with the addition of suitable extinction measurements in contrast to the inclusion of extra backscatter coefficients, which we show to have a minimal effect and strengthens similar observations based on numerical regularization methods.

Geologic map of the Devore 7.5' quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California

USGS Publications Warehouse

Morton, Douglas M.; Matti, Jonathan C.

2001-01-01

This Open-File Report contains a digital geologic map database of the Devore 7.5' quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California, that includes: 1. ARC/INFO (Environmental Systems Research Institute) version 7.2.1 coverages of the various components of the geologic map 2. A PostScript (.ps) file to plot the geologic map on a topographic base, containing a Correlation of Map Units diagram, a Description of Map Units, an index map, and a regional structure map 3. Portable Document Format (.pdf) files of: a. This Readme; includes an Appendix, containing metadata details found in devre_met.txt b. The same graphic as plotted in 2 above. (Test plots from this .pdf do not produce 1:24,000-scale maps. Adobe Acrobat page-size settings control map scale.) The Correlation of Map Units and Description of Map Units are in the editorial format of USGS Miscellaneous Investigations Series maps (I-maps) but have not been edited to comply with I-map standards. Within the geologic-map data package, map units are identified by such standard geologic-map criteria as formation name, age, and lithology. Even though this is an author-prepared report, every attempt has been made to closely adhere to the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U.S. Geological Survey. Descriptions of units can be obtained by viewing or plotting the .pdf file (3b above) or plotting the postscript file (2 above). If roads in some areas, especially forest roads that parallel topographic contours, do not show well on plots of the geologic map, we recommend use of the USGS Devore 7.5’ topographic quadrangle in conjunction with the geologic map.

Publisher Correction: Bottom-up linking of carbon markets under far-sighted cap coordination and reversibility

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heitzig, Jobst; Kornek, Ulrike

2018-06-01

In the PDF version of this Article originally published, in equation (6) gi' was incorrectly formatted as gi', and at the end of the Methods section wi was incorrectly formatted as wi. These have now been corrected.

Journées 2014 "Systèmes de référence spatio-temporels": Recent developments and prospects in ground-based and space astrometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Malkin, Z.; Capitaine, N.

2015-08-01

The Journées 2014 "Systèmes de référence spatio-temporels", with the sub-title "Recent developments and prospects in ground-based and space astrometry", were organized from 22 to 24 September 2014 at Pulkovo Observatory, St.Petersburg, Russia. The scientific programme of the Journees 2014 was focused on the issues related to the astronomical space and time reference systems and their relativistic aspects, realization of the next ICRF, astrometric catalogs, Earth rotation and geodynamics, astronomical almanacs and software, and planetary ephemerides. A special session was devoted to the history of the Pulkovo observatory. The sessions included several discussions on issues related to e.g. the Working Group on "Theory of Earth Rotation" or the future of almanac services. A general discussion was devoted to the re-organization of the IAU structure. Electronic version of the Proceedings: http://syrte.obspm.fr/jsr/journees2014/pdf/ PDF file of the Proceedings: http://syrte.obspm.fr/jsr/journees2014/pdf/ProcJSR2014_270415.pdf

Lotka-Volterra system in a random environment.

PubMed

Dimentberg, Mikhail F

2002-03-01

Classical Lotka-Volterra (LV) model for oscillatory behavior of population sizes of two interacting species (predator-prey or parasite-host pairs) is conservative. This may imply unrealistically high sensitivity of the system's behavior to environmental variations. Thus, a generalized LV model is considered with the equation for preys' reproduction containing the following additional terms: quadratic "damping" term that accounts for interspecies competition, and term with white-noise random variations of the preys' reproduction factor that simulates the environmental variations. An exact solution is obtained for the corresponding Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov equation for stationary probability densities (PDF's) of the population sizes. It shows that both population sizes are independent gamma-distributed stationary random processes. Increasing level of the environmental variations does not lead to extinction of the populations. However it may lead to an intermittent behavior, whereby one or both population sizes experience very rare and violent short pulses or outbreaks while remaining on a very low level most of the time. This intermittency is described analytically by direct use of the solutions for the PDF's as well as by applying theory of excursions of random functions and by predicting PDF of peaks in the predators' population size.

Lotka-Volterra system in a random environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dimentberg, Mikhail F.

2002-03-01

Classical Lotka-Volterra (LV) model for oscillatory behavior of population sizes of two interacting species (predator-prey or parasite-host pairs) is conservative. This may imply unrealistically high sensitivity of the system's behavior to environmental variations. Thus, a generalized LV model is considered with the equation for preys' reproduction containing the following additional terms: quadratic ``damping'' term that accounts for interspecies competition, and term with white-noise random variations of the preys' reproduction factor that simulates the environmental variations. An exact solution is obtained for the corresponding Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov equation for stationary probability densities (PDF's) of the population sizes. It shows that both population sizes are independent γ-distributed stationary random processes. Increasing level of the environmental variations does not lead to extinction of the populations. However it may lead to an intermittent behavior, whereby one or both population sizes experience very rare and violent short pulses or outbreaks while remaining on a very low level most of the time. This intermittency is described analytically by direct use of the solutions for the PDF's as well as by applying theory of excursions of random functions and by predicting PDF of peaks in the predators' population size.

78 FR 24107 - Version 5 Critical Infrastructure Protection Reliability Standards

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-24

... native applications or print-to-PDF format and not a scanned format. Mail/Hand Delivery: Those unable to... criteria that characterize their impact for the application of cyber security requirements commensurate... recognition. Requirement R2 requires testing to verify response plan effectiveness and consistent application...

Author Correction: Culex pipiens crossing type diversity is governed by an amplified and polymorphic operon of Wolbachia.

PubMed

Bonneau, Manon; Atyame, Celestine; Beji, Marwa; Justy, Fabienne; Cohen-Gonsaud, Martin; Sicard, Mathieu; Weill, Mylène

2018-04-11

In the originally published HTML and PDF versions of this Article, gel images in Figures 7c and 8c were not prepared as per the Nature journal policy. These figure panels have now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.In Fig. 7c, the lane labelled 'Ha' was inappropriately duplicated to represent the lane labelled 'Ich13'. The corrected version of Fig. 7c includes PCR-RFLP on DNA from the Ichkeul 13 line, which had been run on a separate gel. The original unprocessed gel images are provided in Supplementary Figure 1 associated with this correction, with the relevant corresponding bands denoted. A repeat experiment of the PCR-RFLP test is also presented as Supplementary Figure 2.In Fig. 8c, the image was assembled from two separate gels without clear demarcation. The corrected Fig. 8c clearly separates lanes from the two gels, and the original unprocessed gel images are provided in the Supplementary Information associated with this correction.These corrections do not alter the original meaning of the experiments, their results, their interpretation, or the conclusions of the paper. We apologize for any confusion this may have caused to the readers of Nature Communications.

75 FR 36066 - Promise Neighborhoods Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-24

... official version of this document is the document published in the Federal Register. Free Internet access... Federal Relay Service, toll free, at 1-800-877-8339. Electronic Access to This Document: You can view this... Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) on the Internet at the following site: http://www.ed.gov/news...

The Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project: scientific assessment.

Treesearch

1999-01-01

This CD-ROM contains digital versions (PDF) of the major scientific documents prepared for the Interior Columbia Basin Ecosystem Management Project (ICBEMP). "A Framework for Ecosystem Management in the Interior Columbia Basin and Portions of the Klamath and Great Basins" describes a general planning model for ecosystem management. The "Highlighted...

10 CFR 2.1011 - Management of electronic information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... participants shall make textual (or, where non-text, image) versions of their documents available on a web... of the following acceptable formats: ASCII, native word processing (Word, WordPerfect), PDF Normal, or HTML. (iv) Image files must be formatted as TIFF CCITT G4 for bi-tonal images or PNG (Portable...

10 CFR 2.1011 - Management of electronic information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... participants shall make textual (or, where non-text, image) versions of their documents available on a web... of the following acceptable formats: ASCII, native word processing (Word, WordPerfect), PDF Normal, or HTML. (iv) Image files must be formatted as TIFF CCITT G4 for bi-tonal images or PNG (Portable...

Author correction: Micromotor-enabled active drug delivery for in vivo treatment of stomach infection.

PubMed

de Ávila, Berta Esteban-Fernández; Angsantikul, Pavimol; Li, Jinxing; Angel Lopez-Ramirez, Miguel; Ramírez-Herrera, Doris E; Thamphiwatana, Soracha; Chen, Chuanrui; Delezuk, Jorge; Samakapiruk, Richard; Ramez, Valentin; Obonyo, Marygorret; Zhang, Liangfang; Wang, Joseph

2017-10-31

Marygorret Obonyo, who provided the H. pylori SS1 strain for this work and participated in the design of H. pylori infection studies, was inadvertently omitted from the author list. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014

THOMAS, 113th Congress

Rep. Deutch, Theodore E. [D-FL-21

2013-10-22

12/26/2013 Became Public Law No: 113-66. (TXT | PDF) (All Actions) Notes: See the committee print of the House Armed Services Committee for additional details of the agreed to version of the bill. Tracker: This bill has the status Became LawHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Erratum to: The standard operating procedure of the DOE-JGI Microbial Genome Annotation Pipeline (MGAP v.4)

DOE PAGES

Huntemann, Marcel; Ivanova, Natalia N.; Mavromatis, Konstantinos; ...

2016-03-21

After publication of this study [1], we noticed that the Strain ID summary was not removed from the PDF due to a copyediting error. The original version of this article was corrected. The publisher apologizes for any inconvenience caused.

Nuclear Wallet Cards

Science.gov Websites

Index Nuclear Wallet Cards Contents Current Version Radioactive Nuclides (Homeland Security) Nuclear Materials Management & Safeguards System 8th Edition 2011 Nuclear Wallet Cards Resources Search Nuclear Wallet Cards 8th Edition PDF Format 8thEdition, Android Market Download Nuclear Wallet Cards Nuclear

Regional Geologic Map of San Andreas and Related Faults in Carrizo Plain, Temblor, Caliente and La Panza Ranges and Vicinity, California; A Digital Database

USGS Publications Warehouse

Dibblee, T. W.; Digital database compiled by Graham, S. E.; Mahony, T.M.; Blissenbach, J.L.; Mariant, J.J.; Wentworth, C.M.

1999-01-01

This Open-File Report is a digital geologic map database. The report serves to introduce and describe the digital data. There is no paper map included in the Open-File Report. The report includes PostScript and PDF plot files that can be used to plot images of the geologic map sheet and explanation sheet. This digital map database is prepared from a previously published map by Dibblee (1973). The geologic map database delineates map units that are identified by general age, lithology, and clast size following the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U.S. Geological Survey. For descriptions of the units, their stratigraphic relations, and sources of geologic mapping, consult the explanation sheet (of99-14_4b.ps or of99-14_4d.pdf), or the original published paper map (Dibblee, 1973). The scale of the source map limits the spatial resolution (scale) of the database to 1:125,000 or smaller. For those interested in the geology of Carrizo Plain and vicinity who do not use an ARC/INFO compatible Geographic Information System (GIS), but would like to obtain a paper map and explanation, PDF and PostScript plot files containing map images of the data in the digital database, as well as PostScript and PDF plot files of the explanation sheet and explanatory text, have been included in the database package (please see the section 'Digital Plot Files', page 5). The PostScript plot files require a gzip utility to access them. For those without computer capability, we can provide users with the PostScript or PDF files on tape that can be taken to a vendor for plotting. Paper plots can also be ordered directly from the USGS (please see the section 'Obtaining Plots from USGS Open-File Services', page 5). The content and character of the database, methods of obtaining it, and processes of extracting the map database from the tar (tape archive) file are described herein. The map database itself, consisting of six ARC/INFO coverages, can be obtained over the Internet or by magnetic tape copy as described below. The database was compiled using ARC/INFO, a commercial Geographic Information System (Environmental Systems Research Institute, Redlands, California), with version 3.0 of the menu interface ALACARTE (Fitzgibbon and Wentworth, 1991, Fitzgibbon, 1991, Wentworth and Fitzgibbon, 1991). The ARC/INFO coverages are stored in uncompressed ARC export format (ARC/INFO version 7.x). All data files have been compressed, and may be uncompressed with gzip, which is available free of charge over the Internet via links from the USGS Public Domain Software page (http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/doc/edchome/ndcdb/public.html). ARC/INFO export files (files with the .e00 extension) can be converted into ARC/INFO coverages in ARC/INFO (see below) and can be read by some other Geographic Information Systems, such as MapInfo via ArcLink and ESRI's ArcView.

Turbulence-induced relative velocity of dust particles. III. The probability distribution

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pan, Liubin; Padoan, Paolo; Scalo, John, E-mail: lpan@cfa.harvard.edu, E-mail: ppadoan@icc.ub.edu, E-mail: parrot@astro.as.utexas.edu

2014-09-01

Motivated by its important role in the collisional growth of dust particles in protoplanetary disks, we investigate the probability distribution function (PDF) of the relative velocity of inertial particles suspended in turbulent flows. Using the simulation from our previous work, we compute the relative velocity PDF as a function of the friction timescales, τ{sub p1} and τ{sub p2}, of two particles of arbitrary sizes. The friction time of the particles included in the simulation ranges from 0.1τ{sub η} to 54T {sub L}, where τ{sub η} and T {sub L} are the Kolmogorov time and the Lagrangian correlation time of themore » flow, respectively. The relative velocity PDF is generically non-Gaussian, exhibiting fat tails. For a fixed value of τ{sub p1}, the PDF shape is the fattest for equal-size particles (τ{sub p2} = τ{sub p1}), and becomes thinner at both τ{sub p2} < τ{sub p1} and τ{sub p2} > τ{sub p1}. Defining f as the friction time ratio of the smaller particle to the larger one, we find that, at a given f in (1/2) ≲ f ≲ 1, the PDF fatness first increases with the friction time τ{sub p,h} of the larger particle, peaks at τ{sub p,h} ≅ τ{sub η}, and then decreases as τ{sub p,h} increases further. For 0 ≤ f ≲ (1/4), the PDF becomes continuously thinner with increasing τ{sub p,h}. The PDF is nearly Gaussian only if τ{sub p,h} is sufficiently large (>>T {sub L}). These features are successfully explained by the Pan and Padoan model. Using our simulation data and some simplifying assumptions, we estimated the fractions of collisions resulting in sticking, bouncing, and fragmentation as a function of the dust size in protoplanetary disks, and argued that accounting for non-Gaussianity of the collision velocity may help further alleviate the bouncing barrier problem.« less

Watershed Management Optimization Support Tool (WMOST) ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA's Watershed Management Optimization Support Tool (WMOST) version 2 is a decision support tool designed to facilitate integrated water management by communities at the small watershed scale. WMOST allows users to look across management options in stormwater (including green infrastructure), wastewater, drinking water, and land conservation programs to find the least cost solutions. The pdf version of these presentations accompany the recorded webinar with closed captions to be posted on the WMOST web page. The webinar was recorded at the time a training workshop took place for EPA's Watershed Management Optimization Support Tool (WMOST, v2).

Publisher Correction: Aerodynamic generation of electric fields in turbulence laden with charged inertial particles.

PubMed

Di Renzo, M; Urzay, J

2018-05-21

The original version of this Article contained an error in the last sentence of the second paragraph of the 'Atmospheric rarefaction effects' section of the Results, which incorrectly read 'The other one emulates the rarefied, CO 2 -rich Martian atmosphere (μ ♂ = 1.3 × 10 -5 N s m -2 ) at 6.9 mbar and 210 K, which gives ρ ♂ = 1.6 × 10 -12 kg m -3 .' The correct version states 'ρ ♂ = 1.6 × 10 -2 kg m -3 ' in place of 'ρ ♂ = 1.6 × 10 -12 kg m -3 '. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Background field removal technique using regularization enabled sophisticated harmonic artifact reduction for phase data with varying kernel sizes.

PubMed

Kan, Hirohito; Kasai, Harumasa; Arai, Nobuyuki; Kunitomo, Hiroshi; Hirose, Yasujiro; Shibamoto, Yuta

2016-09-01

An effective background field removal technique is desired for more accurate quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) prior to dipole inversion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of regularization enabled sophisticated harmonic artifact reduction for phase data with varying spherical kernel sizes (REV-SHARP) method using a three-dimensional head phantom and human brain data. The proposed REV-SHARP method used the spherical mean value operation and Tikhonov regularization in the deconvolution process, with varying 2-14mm kernel sizes. The kernel sizes were gradually reduced, similar to the SHARP with varying spherical kernel (VSHARP) method. We determined the relative errors and relationships between the true local field and estimated local field in REV-SHARP, VSHARP, projection onto dipole fields (PDF), and regularization enabled SHARP (RESHARP). Human experiment was also conducted using REV-SHARP, VSHARP, PDF, and RESHARP. The relative errors in the numerical phantom study were 0.386, 0.448, 0.838, and 0.452 for REV-SHARP, VSHARP, PDF, and RESHARP. REV-SHARP result exhibited the highest correlation between the true local field and estimated local field. The linear regression slopes were 1.005, 1.124, 0.988, and 0.536 for REV-SHARP, VSHARP, PDF, and RESHARP in regions of interest on the three-dimensional head phantom. In human experiments, no obvious errors due to artifacts were present in REV-SHARP. The proposed REV-SHARP is a new method combined with variable spherical kernel size and Tikhonov regularization. This technique might make it possible to be more accurate backgroud field removal and help to achive better accuracy of QSM. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Protocol for the E-Area Low Level Waste Facility Disposal Limits Database

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Swingle, R

2006-01-31

A database has been developed to contain the disposal limits for the E-Area Low Level Waste Facility (ELLWF). This database originates in the form of an EXCEL{copyright} workbook. The pertinent sheets are translated to PDF format using Adobe ACROBAT{copyright}. The PDF version of the database is accessible from the Solid Waste Division web page on SHRINE. In addition to containing the various disposal unit limits, the database also contains hyperlinks to the original references for all limits. It is anticipated that database will be revised each time there is an addition, deletion or revision of any of the ELLWF radionuclidemore » disposal limits.« less

75 FR 16763 - Ready-to-Learn Television Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-02

... official version of this document is the document published in the Federal Register. Free Internet access... Service, toll free, at 1-800-877-8339. Electronic Access to This Document: You can view this document, as... Portable Document Format (PDF) on the Internet at the following site: http://www.ed.gov/news/fedregister...

75 FR 38797 - Predominantly Black Institutions Formula Grant Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-06

... official version of this document is the document published in the Federal Register. Free Internet access... (FRS), toll free, at 1-800-877-8339. Electronic Access to This Document: You can view this document, as... Portable Document Format (PDF) on the Internet at the following site: http://www.ed.gov/news/fedregister...

10 CFR 2.1011 - Management of electronic information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... production and service: (i) The participants shall make textual (or, where non-text, image) versions of their... set and be in one of the following acceptable formats: ASCII, native word processing (Word, WordPerfect), PDF Normal, or HTML. (iv) Image files must be formatted as TIFF CCITT G4 for bi-tonal images or...

Ike Skelton National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Rep. Skelton, Ike [D-MO-4

2010-12-15

01/07/2011 Became Public Law No: 111-383. (TXT | PDF) (All Actions) Notes: See the committee print of the House Armed Services Committee for additional details of the agreed to version of the bill. Tracker: This bill has the status Became LawHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

75 FR 18170 - Ready-to-Learn Television Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-09

... official version of this document is the document published in the Federal Register. Free Internet access... Federal Relay Service, toll free, at 1-800-877-8339. Electronic Access to This Document: You can view this... Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) on the Internet at the following site: http://www.ed.gov/news...

Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014

THOMAS, 113th Congress

Rep. Black, Diane [R-TN-6

2013-07-22

10/17/2013 Became Public Law No: 113-46. (TXT | PDF) (All Actions) Notes: The final version of the bill makes continuing appropriations through January 15, 2014, thus ending the government shutdown, and increases the debt limit through February 7, 2014. Tracker: This bill has the status Became LawHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

PISMA: A Visual Representation of Motif Distribution in DNA Sequences.

PubMed

Alcántara-Silva, Rogelio; Alvarado-Hermida, Moisés; Díaz-Contreras, Gibrán; Sánchez-Barrios, Martha; Carrera, Samantha; Galván, Silvia Carolina

2017-01-01

Because the graphical presentation and analysis of motif distribution can provide insights for experimental hypothesis, PISMA aims at identifying motifs on DNA sequences, counting and showing them graphically. The motif length ranges from 2 to 10 bases, and the DNA sequences range up to 10 kb. The motif distribution is shown as a bar-code-like, as a gene-map-like, and as a transcript scheme. We obtained graphical schemes of the CpG site distribution from 91 human papillomavirus genomes. Also, we present 2 analyses: one of DNA motifs associated with either methylation-resistant or methylation-sensitive CpG islands and another analysis of motifs associated with exosome RNA secretion. PISMA is developed in Java; it is executable in any type of hardware and in diverse operating systems. PISMA is freely available to noncommercial users. The English version and the User Manual are provided in Supplementary Files 1 and 2, and a Spanish version is available at www.biomedicas.unam.mx/wp-content/software/pisma.zip and www.biomedicas.unam.mx/wp-content/pdf/manual/pisma.pdf.

PISMA: A Visual Representation of Motif Distribution in DNA Sequences

PubMed Central

Alcántara-Silva, Rogelio; Alvarado-Hermida, Moisés; Díaz-Contreras, Gibrán; Sánchez-Barrios, Martha; Carrera, Samantha; Galván, Silvia Carolina

2017-01-01

Background: Because the graphical presentation and analysis of motif distribution can provide insights for experimental hypothesis, PISMA aims at identifying motifs on DNA sequences, counting and showing them graphically. The motif length ranges from 2 to 10 bases, and the DNA sequences range up to 10 kb. The motif distribution is shown as a bar-code–like, as a gene-map–like, and as a transcript scheme. Results: We obtained graphical schemes of the CpG site distribution from 91 human papillomavirus genomes. Also, we present 2 analyses: one of DNA motifs associated with either methylation-resistant or methylation-sensitive CpG islands and another analysis of motifs associated with exosome RNA secretion. Availability and Implementation: PISMA is developed in Java; it is executable in any type of hardware and in diverse operating systems. PISMA is freely available to noncommercial users. The English version and the User Manual are provided in Supplementary Files 1 and 2, and a Spanish version is available at www.biomedicas.unam.mx/wp-content/software/pisma.zip and www.biomedicas.unam.mx/wp-content/pdf/manual/pisma.pdf. PMID:28469418

Species survival and scaling laws in hostile and disordered environments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rocha, Rodrigo P.; Figueiredo, Wagner; Suweis, Samir; Maritan, Amos

2016-10-01

In this work we study the likelihood of survival of single-species in the context of hostile and disordered environments. Population dynamics in this environment, as modeled by the Fisher equation, is characterized by negative average growth rate, except in some random spatially distributed patches that may support life. In particular, we are interested in the phase diagram of the survival probability and in the critical size problem, i.e., the minimum patch size required for surviving in the long-time dynamics. We propose a measure for the critical patch size as being proportional to the participation ratio of the eigenvector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue of the linearized Fisher dynamics. We obtain the (extinction-survival) phase diagram and the probability distribution function (PDF) of the critical patch sizes for two topologies, namely, the one-dimensional system and the fractal Peano basin. We show that both topologies share the same qualitative features, but the fractal topology requires higher spatial fluctuations to guarantee species survival. We perform a finite-size scaling and we obtain the associated scaling exponents. In addition, we show that the PDF of the critical patch sizes has an universal shape for the 1D case in terms of the model parameters (diffusion, growth rate, etc.). In contrast, the diffusion coefficient has a drastic effect on the PDF of the critical patch sizes of the fractal Peano basin, and it does not obey the same scaling law of the 1D case.

Digital geologic map of the Butler Peak 7.5' quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California

USGS Publications Warehouse

Miller, Fred K.; Matti, Jonathan C.; Brown, Howard J.; digital preparation by Cossette, P. M.

2000-01-01

Open-File Report 00-145, is a digital geologic map database of the Butler Peak 7.5' quadrangle that includes (1) ARC/INFO (Environmental Systems Research Institute) version 7.2.1 Patch 1 coverages, and associated tables, (2) a Portable Document Format (.pdf) file of the Description of Map Units, Correlation of Map Units chart, and an explanation of symbols used on the map, btlrpk_dcmu.pdf, (3) a Portable Document Format file of this Readme, btlrpk_rme.pdf (the Readme is also included as an ascii file in the data package), and (4) a PostScript plot file of the map, Correlation of Map Units, and Description of Map Units on a single sheet, btlrpk.ps. No paper map is included in the Open-File report, but the PostScript plot file (number 4 above) can be used to produce one. The PostScript plot file generates a map, peripheral text, and diagrams in the editorial format of USGS Geologic Investigation Series (I-series) maps.

Stochastic Analysis and Probabilistic Downscaling of Soil Moisture

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deshon, J. P.; Niemann, J. D.; Green, T. R.; Jones, A. S.

2017-12-01

Soil moisture is a key variable for rainfall-runoff response estimation, ecological and biogeochemical flux estimation, and biodiversity characterization, each of which is useful for watershed condition assessment. These applications require not only accurate, fine-resolution soil-moisture estimates but also confidence limits on those estimates and soil-moisture patterns that exhibit realistic statistical properties (e.g., variance and spatial correlation structure). The Equilibrium Moisture from Topography, Vegetation, and Soil (EMT+VS) model downscales coarse-resolution (9-40 km) soil moisture from satellite remote sensing or land-surface models to produce fine-resolution (10-30 m) estimates. The model was designed to produce accurate deterministic soil-moisture estimates at multiple points, but the resulting patterns do not reproduce the variance or spatial correlation of observed soil-moisture patterns. The primary objective of this research is to generalize the EMT+VS model to produce a probability density function (pdf) for soil moisture at each fine-resolution location and time. Each pdf has a mean that is equal to the deterministic soil-moisture estimate, and the pdf can be used to quantify the uncertainty in the soil-moisture estimates and to simulate soil-moisture patterns. Different versions of the generalized model are hypothesized based on how uncertainty enters the model, whether the uncertainty is additive or multiplicative, and which distributions describe the uncertainty. These versions are then tested by application to four catchments with detailed soil-moisture observations (Tarrawarra, Satellite Station, Cache la Poudre, and Nerrigundah). The performance of the generalized models is evaluated by comparing the statistical properties of the simulated soil-moisture patterns to those of the observations and the deterministic EMT+VS model. The versions of the generalized EMT+VS model with normally distributed stochastic components produce soil-moisture patterns with more realistic statistical properties than the deterministic model. Additionally, the results suggest that the variance and spatial correlation of the stochastic soil-moisture variations do not vary consistently with the spatial-average soil moisture.

Effects of crystallite size on the structure and magnetism of ferrihydrite

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Xiaoming; Zhu, Mengqiang; Koopal, Luuk K.

2015-12-15

The structure and magnetic properties of nano-sized (1.6 to 4.4 nm) ferrihydrite samples are systematically investigated through a combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray pair distribution function (PDF), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and magnetic analyses. The XRD, PDF and Fe K-edge XAS data of the ferrihydrite samples are all fitted well with the Michel ferrihydrite model, indicating similar local-, medium- and long-range ordered structures. PDF and XAS fitting results indicate that, with increasing crystallite size, the average coordination numbers of Fe–Fe and the unit cell parameter c increase, while Fe2 and Fe3 vacancies and the unit cell parameter a decrease.more » Mössbauer results indicate that the surface layer is relatively disordered, which might have been caused by the random distribution of Fe vacancies. These results support Hiemstra's surface-depletion model in terms of the location of disorder and the variations of Fe2 and Fe3 occupancies with size. Magnetic data indicate that the ferrihydrite samples show antiferromagnetism superimposed with a ferromagnetic-like moment at lower temperatures (100 K and 10 K), but ferrihydrite is paramagnetic at room temperature. In addition, both the magnetization and coercivity decrease with increasing ferrihydrite crystallite size due to strong surface effects in fine-grained ferrihydrites. Smaller ferrihydrite samples show less magnetic hyperfine splitting and a lower unblocking temperature (T B) than larger samples. The dependence of magnetic properties on grain size for nano-sized ferrihydrite provides a practical way to determine the crystallite size of ferrihydrite quantitatively in natural environments or artificial systems.« less

Extraction of a Weak Co-Channel Interfering Communication Signal Using Complex Independent Component Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-06-01

zarzoso/ biblio /tnn10.pdf"> % "Robust independent component analysis by iterative maximization</a> % <a href = "http://www.i3s.unice.fr/~zarzoso... biblio /tnn10.pdf"> % of the kurtosis contrast with algebraic optimal step size"</a>, % IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, vol. 21, no. 2, % pp

76 FR 5363 - Intent To Compromise Claim Against the State of Oklahoma Department of Education

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-31

... must have Adobe Acrobat Reader, which is available free at this site. Note: The official version of this document is the document published in the Federal Register. Free Internet access to the official... Document Format (PDF) on the Internet at the following site: http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin...

Carl Levin and Howard P. "Buck" McKeon National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015

THOMAS, 113th Congress

Rep. Barletta, Lou [R-PA-11

2014-01-31

12/19/2014 Became Public Law No: 113-291. (TXT | PDF) (All Actions) Notes: See the committee print, containing the legislative text and joint explanatory statement, accompanying the enrolled version of H.R.3979. Tracker: This bill has the status Became LawHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

77 FR 28857 - Development of the State and Local Implementation Grant Program for the Nationwide Public Safety...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-16

..., .pdf, or Word format (please specify version), which should be labeled with the name and organizational... workers have long been hindered by incompatible, and often outdated, communications equipment and this Act... broadband network (PSBN), based on a single, national network architecture.\\2\\ FirstNet is responsible for...

Publisher Correction: Protein-altering variants associated with body mass index implicate pathways that control energy intake and expenditure in obesity.

PubMed

Turcot, Valérie; Lu, Yingchang; Highland, Heather M; Schurmann, Claudia; Justice, Anne E; Fine, Rebecca S; Bradfield, Jonathan P; Esko, Tõnu; Giri, Ayush; Graff, Mariaelisa; Guo, Xiuqing; Hendricks, Audrey E; Karaderi, Tugce; Lempradl, Adelheid; Locke, Adam E; Mahajan, Anubha; Marouli, Eirini; Sivapalaratnam, Suthesh; Young, Kristin L; Alfred, Tamuno; Feitosa, Mary F; Masca, Nicholas G D; Manning, Alisa K; Medina-Gomez, Carolina; Mudgal, Poorva; Ng, Maggie C Y; Reiner, Alex P; Vedantam, Sailaja; Willems, Sara M; Winkler, Thomas W; Abecasis, Gonçalo; Aben, Katja K; Alam, Dewan S; Alharthi, Sameer E; Allison, Matthew; Amouyel, Philippe; Asselbergs, Folkert W; Auer, Paul L; Balkau, Beverley; Bang, Lia E; Barroso, Inês; Bastarache, Lisa; Benn, Marianne; Bergmann, Sven; Bielak, Lawrence F; Blüher, Matthias; Boehnke, Michael; Boeing, Heiner; Boerwinkle, Eric; Böger, Carsten A; Bork-Jensen, Jette; Bots, Michiel L; Bottinger, Erwin P; Bowden, Donald W; Brandslund, Ivan; Breen, Gerome; Brilliant, Murray H; Broer, Linda; Brumat, Marco; Burt, Amber A; Butterworth, Adam S; Campbell, Peter T; Cappellani, Stefania; Carey, David J; Catamo, Eulalia; Caulfield, Mark J; Chambers, John C; Chasman, Daniel I; Chen, Yii-Der I; Chowdhury, Rajiv; Christensen, Cramer; Chu, Audrey Y; Cocca, Massimiliano; Collins, Francis S; Cook, James P; Corley, Janie; Corominas Galbany, Jordi; Cox, Amanda J; Crosslin, David S; Cuellar-Partida, Gabriel; D'Eustacchio, Angela; Danesh, John; Davies, Gail; Bakker, Paul I W; Groot, Mark C H; Mutsert, Renée; Deary, Ian J; Dedoussis, George; Demerath, Ellen W; Heijer, Martin; Hollander, Anneke I; Ruijter, Hester M; Dennis, Joe G; Denny, Josh C; Di Angelantonio, Emanuele; Drenos, Fotios; Du, Mengmeng; Dubé, Marie-Pierre; Dunning, Alison M; Easton, Douglas F; Edwards, Todd L; Ellinghaus, David; Ellinor, Patrick T; Elliott, Paul; Evangelou, Evangelos; Farmaki, Aliki-Eleni; Farooqi, I Sadaf; Faul, Jessica D; Fauser, Sascha; Feng, Shuang; Ferrannini, Ele; Ferrieres, Jean; Florez, Jose C; Ford, Ian; Fornage, Myriam; Franco, Oscar H; Franke, Andre; Franks, Paul W; Friedrich, Nele; Frikke-Schmidt, Ruth; Galesloot, Tessel E; Gan, Wei; Gandin, Ilaria; Gasparini, Paolo; Gibson, Jane; Giedraitis, Vilmantas; Gjesing, Anette P; Gordon-Larsen, Penny; Gorski, Mathias; Grabe, Hans-Jörgen; Grant, Struan F A; Grarup, Niels; Griffiths, Helen L; Grove, Megan L; Gudnason, Vilmundur; Gustafsson, Stefan; Haessler, Jeff; Hakonarson, Hakon; Hammerschlag, Anke R; Hansen, Torben; Harris, Kathleen Mullan; Harris, Tamara B; Hattersley, Andrew T; Have, Christian T; Hayward, Caroline; He, Liang; Heard-Costa, Nancy L; Heath, Andrew C; Heid, Iris M; Helgeland, Øyvind; Hernesniemi, Jussi; Hewitt, Alex W; Holmen, Oddgeir L; Hovingh, G Kees; Howson, Joanna M M; Hu, Yao; Huang, Paul L; Huffman, Jennifer E; Ikram, M Arfan; Ingelsson, Erik; Jackson, Anne U; Jansson, Jan-Håkan; Jarvik, Gail P; Jensen, Gorm B; Jia, Yucheng; Johansson, Stefan; Jørgensen, Marit E; Jørgensen, Torben; Jukema, J Wouter; Kahali, Bratati; Kahn, René S; Kähönen, Mika; Kamstrup, Pia R; Kanoni, Stavroula; Kaprio, Jaakko; Karaleftheri, Maria; Kardia, Sharon L R; Karpe, Fredrik; Kathiresan, Sekar; Kee, Frank; Kiemeney, Lambertus A; Kim, Eric; Kitajima, Hidetoshi; Komulainen, Pirjo; Kooner, Jaspal S; Kooperberg, Charles; Korhonen, Tellervo; Kovacs, Peter; Kuivaniemi, Helena; Kutalik, Zoltán; Kuulasmaa, Kari; Kuusisto, Johanna; Laakso, Markku; Lakka, Timo A; Lamparter, David; Lange, Ethan M; Lange, Leslie A; Langenberg, Claudia; Larson, Eric B; Lee, Nanette R; Lehtimäki, Terho; Lewis, Cora E; Li, Huaixing; Li, Jin; Li-Gao, Ruifang; Lin, Honghuang; Lin, Keng-Hung; Lin, Li-An; Lin, Xu; Lind, Lars; Lindström, Jaana; Linneberg, Allan; Liu, Ching-Ti; Liu, Dajiang J; Liu, Yongmei; Lo, Ken S; Lophatananon, Artitaya; Lotery, Andrew J; Loukola, Anu; Luan, Jian'an; Lubitz, Steven A; Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka; Männistö, Satu; Marenne, Gaëlle; Mazul, Angela L; McCarthy, Mark I; McKean-Cowdin, Roberta; Medland, Sarah E; Meidtner, Karina; Milani, Lili; Mistry, Vanisha; Mitchell, Paul; Mohlke, Karen L; Moilanen, Leena; Moitry, Marie; Montgomery, Grant W; Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O; Moore, Carmel; Mori, Trevor A; Morris, Andrew D; Morris, Andrew P; Müller-Nurasyid, Martina; Munroe, Patricia B; Nalls, Mike A; Narisu, Narisu; Nelson, Christopher P; Neville, Matt; Nielsen, Sune F; Nikus, Kjell; Njølstad, Pål R; Nordestgaard, Børge G; Nyholt, Dale R; O'Connel, Jeffrey R; O'Donoghue, Michelle L; Olde Loohuis, Loes M; Ophoff, Roel A; Owen, Katharine R; Packard, Chris J; Padmanabhan, Sandosh; Palmer, Colin N A; Palmer, Nicholette D; Pasterkamp, Gerard; Patel, Aniruddh P; Pattie, Alison; Pedersen, Oluf; Peissig, Peggy L; Peloso, Gina M; Pennell, Craig E; Perola, Markus; Perry, James A; Perry, John R B; Pers, Tune H; Person, Thomas N; Peters, Annette; Petersen, Eva R B; Peyser, Patricia A; Pirie, Ailith; Polasek, Ozren; Polderman, Tinca J; Puolijoki, Hannu; Raitakari, Olli T; Rasheed, Asif; Rauramaa, Rainer; Reilly, Dermot F; Renström, Frida; Rheinberger, Myriam; Ridker, Paul M; Rioux, John D; Rivas, Manuel A; Roberts, David J; Robertson, Neil R; Robino, Antonietta; Rolandsson, Olov; Rudan, Igor; Ruth, Katherine S; Saleheen, Danish; Salomaa, Veikko; Samani, Nilesh J; Sapkota, Yadav; Sattar, Naveed; Schoen, Robert E; Schreiner, Pamela J; Schulze, Matthias B; Scott, Robert A; Segura-Lepe, Marcelo P; Shah, Svati H; Sheu, Wayne H-H; Sim, Xueling; Slater, Andrew J; Small, Kerrin S; Smith, Albert V; Southam, Lorraine; Spector, Timothy D; Speliotes, Elizabeth K; Starr, John M; Stefansson, Kari; Steinthorsdottir, Valgerdur; Stirrups, Kathleen E; Strauch, Konstantin; Stringham, Heather M; Stumvoll, Michael; Sun, Liang; Surendran, Praveen; Swift, Amy J; Tada, Hayato; Tansey, Katherine E; Tardif, Jean-Claude; Taylor, Kent D; Teumer, Alexander; Thompson, Deborah J; Thorleifsson, Gudmar; Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur; Thuesen, Betina H; Tönjes, Anke; Tromp, Gerard; Trompet, Stella; Tsafantakis, Emmanouil; Tuomilehto, Jaakko; Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne; Tyrer, Jonathan P; Uher, Rudolf; Uitterlinden, André G; Uusitupa, Matti; Laan, Sander W; Duijn, Cornelia M; Leeuwen, Nienke; van Setten, Jessica; Vanhala, Mauno; Varbo, Anette; Varga, Tibor V; Varma, Rohit; Velez Edwards, Digna R; Vermeulen, Sita H; Veronesi, Giovanni; Vestergaard, Henrik; Vitart, Veronique; Vogt, Thomas F; Völker, Uwe; Vuckovic, Dragana; Wagenknecht, Lynne E; Walker, Mark; Wallentin, Lars; Wang, Feijie; Wang, Carol A; Wang, Shuai; Wang, Yiqin; Ware, Erin B; Wareham, Nicholas J; Warren, Helen R; Waterworth, Dawn M; Wessel, Jennifer; White, Harvey D; Willer, Cristen J; Wilson, James G; Witte, Daniel R; Wood, Andrew R; Wu, Ying; Yaghootkar, Hanieh; Yao, Jie; Yao, Pang; Yerges-Armstrong, Laura M; Young, Robin; Zeggini, Eleftheria; Zhan, Xiaowei; Zhang, Weihua; Zhao, Jing Hua; Zhao, Wei; Zhao, Wei; Zhou, Wei; Zondervan, Krina T; Rotter, Jerome I; Pospisilik, John A; Rivadeneira, Fernando; Borecki, Ingrid B; Deloukas, Panos; Frayling, Timothy M; Lettre, Guillaume; North, Kari E; Lindgren, Cecilia M; Hirschhorn, Joel N; Loos, Ruth J F

2018-05-01

In the version of this article originally published, one of the two authors with the name Wei Zhao was omitted from the author list and the affiliations for both authors were assigned to the single Wei Zhao in the author list. In addition, the ORCID for Wei Zhao (Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA) was incorrectly assigned to author Wei Zhou. The errors have been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.

What is science?

USGS Publications Warehouse

Shrake, D.L.; Elfner, L.E.; Hummon, W.; Janson, R.W.; Free, M.

2006-01-01

In 2000 The Ohio Academy of Science published its definition of "Science." Response to this definition led the Academy to produce a position paper entitled What is Science? The Academy officially adopted the position paper version of What is Science?, http: //www.ohiosci.org/ Whatisscience.pdf, at the April 2004 Ohio Academy of Science Annual Meeting. Response to this fact sheet demonstrated a need to further expand this document. Thus, this expanded version builds on the April 2004 position paper, What is Science? This paper clarifies what is science, the scientific method, a scientific hypothesis, a scientific theory, the importance of science, and what is not science.

Publisher Correction: RING tetramerization is required for nuclear body biogenesis and PML sumoylation.

PubMed

Wang, Pengran; Benhenda, Shirine; Wu, Haiyan; Lallemand-Breitenbach, Valérie; Zhen, Tao; Jollivet, Florence; Peres, Laurent; Li, Yuwen; Chen, Sai-Juan; Chen, Zhu; de Thé, Hugues; Meng, Guoyu

2018-05-04

In the originally published version of this Article, the authors Sai-Juan Chen and Zhu Chen were incorrectly listed as being affiliated with 'University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U944, CNRS UMR7212, Equipe labellisée LNCC, Hôpital St. Louis 1, Paris 75475, France', and the affiliation 'Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences and Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China' was inadvertently omitted. These errors have now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Transcriptional regulation of the human mitochondrial peptide deformylase (PDF).

PubMed

Pereira-Castro, Isabel; Costa, Luís Teixeira da; Amorim, António; Azevedo, Luisa

2012-05-18

The last years of research have been particularly dynamic in establishing the importance of peptide deformylase (PDF), a protein of the N-terminal methionine excision (NME) pathway that removes formyl-methionine from mitochondrial-encoded proteins. The genomic sequence of the human PDF gene is shared with the COG8 gene, which encodes a component of the oligomeric golgi complex, a very unusual case in Eukaryotic genomes. Since PDF is crucial in maintaining mitochondrial function and given the atypical short distance between the end of COG8 coding sequence and the PDF initiation codon, we investigated whether the regulation of the human PDF is affected by the COG8 overlapping partner. Our data reveals that PDF has several transcription start sites, the most important of which only 18 bp from the initiation codon. Furthermore, luciferase-activation assays using differently-sized fragments defined a 97 bp minimal promoter region for human PDF, which is capable of very strong transcriptional activity. This fragment contains a potential Sp1 binding site highly conserved in mammalian species. We show that this binding site, whose mutation significantly reduces transcription activation, is a target for the Sp1 transcription factor, and possibly of other members of the Sp family. Importantly, the entire minimal promoter region is located after the end of COG8's coding region, strongly suggesting that the human PDF preserves an independent regulation from its overlapping partner. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Computations of steady-state and transient premixed turbulent flames using pdf methods

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hulek, T.; Lindstedt, R.P.

1996-03-01

Premixed propagating turbulent flames are modeled using a one-point, single time, joint velocity-composition probability density function (pdf) closure. The pdf evolution equation is solved using a Monte Carlo method. The unclosed terms in the pdf equation are modeled using a modified version of the binomial Langevin model for scalar mixing of Valino and Dopazo, and the Haworth and Pope (HP) and Lagrangian Speziale-Sarkar-Gatski (LSSG) models for the viscous dissipation of velocity and the fluctuating pressure gradient. The source terms for the presumed one-step chemical reaction are extracted from the rate of fuel consumption in laminar premixed hydrocarbon flames, computed usingmore » a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism. Steady-state and transient solutions are obtained for planar turbulent methane-air and propane-air flames. The transient solution method features a coupling with a Finite Volume (FV) code to obtain the mean pressure field. The results are compared with the burning velocity measurements of Abdel-Gayed et al. and with velocity measurements obtained in freely propagating propane-air flames by Videto and Santavicca. The effects of different upstream turbulence fields, chemical source terms (different fuels and strained/unstrained laminar flames) and the influence of the velocity statistics models (HP and LSSG) are assessed.« less

Publisher Correction: Unravelling the immune signature of Plasmodium falciparum transmission-reducing immunity.

PubMed

Stone, Will J R; Campo, Joseph J; Ouédraogo, André Lin; Meerstein-Kessel, Lisette; Morlais, Isabelle; Da, Dari; Cohuet, Anna; Nsango, Sandrine; Sutherland, Colin J; van de Vegte-Bolmer, Marga; Siebelink-Stoter, Rianne; van Gemert, Geert-Jan; Graumans, Wouter; Lanke, Kjerstin; Shandling, Adam D; Pablo, Jozelyn V; Teng, Andy A; Jones, Sophie; de Jong, Roos M; Fabra-García, Amanda; Bradley, John; Roeffen, Will; Lasonder, Edwin; Gremo, Giuliana; Schwarzer, Evelin; Janse, Chris J; Singh, Susheel K; Theisen, Michael; Felgner, Phil; Marti, Matthias; Drakeley, Chris; Sauerwein, Robert; Bousema, Teun; Jore, Matthijs M

2018-04-11

The original version of this Article contained errors in Fig. 3. In panel a, bars from a chart depicting the percentage of antibody-positive individuals in non-infectious and infectious groups were inadvertently included in place of bars depicting the percentage of infectious individuals, as described in the Article and figure legend. However, the p values reported in the Figure and the resulting conclusions were based on the correct dataset. The corrected Fig. 3a now shows the percentage of infectious individuals in antibody-negative and -positive groups, in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article. The incorrect and correct versions of Figure 3a are also presented for comparison in the accompanying Publisher Correction as Figure 1.The HTML version of the Article also omitted a link to Supplementary Data 6. The error has now been fixed and Supplementary Data 6 is available to download.

75 FR 37793 - Science Advisory Board Staff Office; Notification of a Public Meeting of the Science Advisory...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-30

... supplied to the DFO in the following formats: One hard copy with original signature, and one electronic copy via e-mail (acceptable file format: Adobe Acrobat PDF, WordPerfect, MS Word, MS PowerPoint, or Rich Text files in IBM-PC/ Windows 98/2000/XP format). Submitters are requested to provide two versions...

75 FR 1381 - Science Advisory Board Staff Office; Notification of a Public Teleconference of the Clean Air...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-11

... supplied to the DFO in the following formats: one hard copy with original signature and one electronic copy via e-mail (acceptable file format: Adobe Acrobat PDF, MS Word, WordPerfect, MS PowerPoint, or Rich Text files in IBM-PC/Windows 98/2000/XP format). Submitters are asked to provide versions of each...

Annotated Bibliography of Research in the Teaching of English

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beach, Richard; Brendler, Beth; Dillon, Deborah; Dockter, Jessie; Ernst, Stacy; Frederick, Amy; Galda, Lee; Helman, Lori; Kapoor, Richa; Ngo, Bic; O'Brien, David; Scharber, Cassie; Jorgensen, Karen; Liang, Lauren; Braaksma, Martine; Janssen, Tanja

2010-01-01

This article presents an annotated bibliography of "Research in the Teaching of English" (RTE). The 2010 version of the bibliography involves a major change--the bibliography is available solely as a downloadable pdf file at http://www.ncte.org/journals/rte/issues/v45-2. As the length of the bibliography has grown from 15 pages in 2003 to 88 pages…

Nurses Christian Fellowship International: Partners in Care.

PubMed

White, Barbara

2013-01-01

The Nurses Christian Fellowship International Quadrennial Conference was held November 5-10, 2012, in Santiago, Chile. The theme, "Partners in Care: Unity in diversity through Christ" brought together nurses from all over the world for Bible teaching, education, networking, and fellowship. Plenary and session abstracts are available as supplemental digital content through the HTML and PDF versions of this article at journalofchristiannursing.com.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Friar, James Lewis; Goldman, Terrance J.; Pérez-Mercader, J.

In this paper, we apply the Law of Total Probability to the construction of scale-invariant probability distribution functions (pdf's), and require that probability measures be dimensionless and unitless under a continuous change of scales. If the scale-change distribution function is scale invariant then the constructed distribution will also be scale invariant. Repeated application of this construction on an arbitrary set of (normalizable) pdf's results again in scale-invariant distributions. The invariant function of this procedure is given uniquely by the reciprocal distribution, suggesting a kind of universality. Finally, we separately demonstrate that the reciprocal distribution results uniquely from requiring maximum entropymore » for size-class distributions with uniform bin sizes.« less

Data files from the Grays Harbor Sediment Transport Experiment Spring 2001

USGS Publications Warehouse

Landerman, Laura A.; Sherwood, Christopher R.; Gelfenbaum, Guy; Lacy, Jessica; Ruggiero, Peter; Wilson, Douglas; Chisholm, Tom; Kurrus, Keith

2005-01-01

This publication consists of two DVD-ROMs, both of which are presented here. This report describes data collected during the Spring 2001 Grays Harbor Sediment Transport Experiment, and provides additional information needed to interpret the data. Two DVDs accompany this report; both contain documentation in html format that assist the user in navigating through the data. DVD-ROM-1 contains a digital version of this report in .pdf format, raw Aquatec acoustic backscatter (ABS) data in .zip format, Sonar data files in .avi format, and coastal processes and morphology data in ASCII format. ASCII data files are provided in .zip format; bundled coastal processes ASCII files are separated by deployment and instrument; bundled morphology ASCII files are separated into monthly data collection efforts containing the beach profiles collected (or extracted from the surface map) at that time; weekly surface maps are also bundled together. DVD-ROM-2 contains a digital version of this report in .pdf format, the binary data files collected by the SonTek instrumentation, calibration files for the pressure sensors, and Matlab m-files for loading the ABS data into Matlab and cleaning-up the optical backscatter (OBS) burst time-series data.

First passage Brownian functional properties of snowmelt dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dubey, Ashutosh; Bandyopadhyay, Malay

2018-04-01

In this paper, we model snow-melt dynamics in terms of a Brownian motion (BM) with purely time dependent drift and difusion and examine its first passage properties by suggesting and examining several Brownian functionals which characterize the lifetime and reactivity of such stochastic processes. We introduce several probability distribution functions (PDFs) associated with such time dependent BMs. For instance, for a BM with initial starting point x0, we derive analytical expressions for : (i) the PDF P(tf|x0) of the first passage time tf which specify the lifetime of such stochastic process, (ii) the PDF P(A|x0) of the area A till the first passage time and it provides us numerous valuable information about the total fresh water availability during melting, (iii) the PDF P(M) associated with the maximum size M of the BM process before the first passage time, and (iv) the joint PDF P(M; tm) of the maximum size M and its occurrence time tm before the first passage time. These P(M) and P(M; tm) are useful in determining the time of maximum fresh water availability and in calculating the total maximum amount of available fresh water. These PDFs are examined for the power law time dependent drift and diffusion which matches quite well with the available data of snowmelt dynamics.

Publisher Correction: N6-methyladenosine RNA modification regulates embryonic neural stem cell self-renewal through histone modifications.

PubMed

Wang, Yang; Li, Yue; Yue, Minghui; Wang, Jun; Kumar, Sandeep; Wechsler-Reya, Robert J; Zhang, Zhaolei; Ogawa, Yuya; Kellis, Manolis; Duester, Gregg; Zhao, Jing Crystal

2018-06-07

In the version of this article initially published online, there were errors in URLs for www.southernbiotech.com, appearing in Methods sections "m6A dot-blot" and "Western blot analysis." The first two URLs should be https://www.southernbiotech.com/?catno=4030-05&type=Polyclonal#&panel1-1 and the third should be https://www.southernbiotech.com/?catno=6170-05&type=Polyclonal. In addition, some Methods URLs for bioz.com, www.abcam.com and www.sysy.com were printed correctly but not properly linked. The errors have been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of this article.

Modeling envelope statistics of blood and myocardium for segmentation of echocardiographic images.

PubMed

Nillesen, Maartje M; Lopata, Richard G P; Gerrits, Inge H; Kapusta, Livia; Thijssen, Johan M; de Korte, Chris L

2008-04-01

The objective of this study was to investigate the use of speckle statistics as a preprocessing step for segmentation of the myocardium in echocardiographic images. Three-dimensional (3D) and biplane image sequences of the left ventricle of two healthy children and one dog (beagle) were acquired. Pixel-based speckle statistics of manually segmented blood and myocardial regions were investigated by fitting various probability density functions (pdf). The statistics of heart muscle and blood could both be optimally modeled by a K-pdf or Gamma-pdf (Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit test). Scale and shape parameters of both distributions could differentiate between blood and myocardium. Local estimation of these parameters was used to obtain parametric images, where window size was related to speckle size (5 x 2 speckles). Moment-based and maximum-likelihood estimators were used. Scale parameters were still able to differentiate blood from myocardium; however, smoothing of edges of anatomical structures occurred. Estimation of the shape parameter required a larger window size, leading to unacceptable blurring. Using these parameters as an input for segmentation resulted in unreliable segmentation. Adaptive mean squares filtering was then introduced using the moment-based scale parameter (sigma(2)/mu) of the Gamma-pdf to automatically steer the two-dimensional (2D) local filtering process. This method adequately preserved sharpness of the edges. In conclusion, a trade-off between preservation of sharpness of edges and goodness-of-fit when estimating local shape and scale parameters is evident for parametric images. For this reason, adaptive filtering outperforms parametric imaging for the segmentation of echocardiographic images.

Preliminary geologic map of the Elsinore 7.5' Quadrangle, Riverside County, California

USGS Publications Warehouse

Morton, Douglas M.; Weber, F. Harold; Digital preparation: Alvarez, Rachel M.; Burns, Diane

2003-01-01

Open-File Report 03-281 contains a digital geologic map database of the Elsinore 7.5’ quadrangle, Riverside County, California that includes: 1. ARC/INFO (Environmental Systems Research Institute, http://www.esri.com) version 7.2.1 coverages of the various elements of the geologic map. 2. A Postscript file to plot the geologic map on a topographic base, and containing a Correlation of Map Units diagram (CMU), a Description of Map Units (DMU), and an index map. 3. Portable Document Format (.pdf) files of: a. This Readme; includes in Appendix I, data contained in els_met.txt b. The same graphic as plotted in 2 above. Test plots have not produced precise 1:24,000-scale map sheets. Adobe Acrobat page size setting influences map scale. The Correlation of Map Units and Description of Map Units is in the editorial format of USGS Geologic Investigations Series (I-series) maps but has not been edited to comply with I-map standards. Within the geologic map data package, map units are identified by standard geologic map criteria such as formation-name, age, and lithology. Where known, grain size is indicated on the map by a subscripted letter or letters following the unit symbols as follows: lg, large boulders; b, boulder; g, gravel; a, arenaceous; s, silt; c, clay; e.g. Qyfa is a predominantly young alluvial fan deposit that is arenaceous. Multiple letters are used for more specific identification or for mixed units, e.g., Qfysa is a silty sand. In some cases, mixed units are indicated by a compound symbol; e.g., Qyf2sc. Even though this is an Open-File Report and includes the standard USGS Open-File disclaimer, the report closely adheres to the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U.S. Geological Survey. Descriptions of units can be obtained by viewing or plotting the .pdf file (3b above) or plotting the postscript file (2 above).

Building Identification Wizard: Version 1.5.1

DTIC Science & Technology

2018-04-01

35 6.1 Exporting to a web or PDF File...applications. Users also have access to other WCP reports from regions of interest that are formatted as HTML and are viewable in any web browser. The WCP...feature, shown in Figure 23, checks for updates on the WCP web server by comparing a byte count of the contents of the files that are installed on

Ubiquity of Benford's law and emergence of the reciprocal distribution

DOE PAGES

Friar, James Lewis; Goldman, Terrance J.; Pérez-Mercader, J.

2016-04-07

In this paper, we apply the Law of Total Probability to the construction of scale-invariant probability distribution functions (pdf's), and require that probability measures be dimensionless and unitless under a continuous change of scales. If the scale-change distribution function is scale invariant then the constructed distribution will also be scale invariant. Repeated application of this construction on an arbitrary set of (normalizable) pdf's results again in scale-invariant distributions. The invariant function of this procedure is given uniquely by the reciprocal distribution, suggesting a kind of universality. Finally, we separately demonstrate that the reciprocal distribution results uniquely from requiring maximum entropymore » for size-class distributions with uniform bin sizes.« less

Size effects on negative thermal expansion in cubic ScF{sub 3}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yang, C.; Guo, X. G.; Zhang, K.

2016-07-11

Scandium trifluoride (ScF{sub 3}), adopting a cubic ReO{sub 3}-type structure at ambient pressure, undergoes a pronounced negative thermal expansion (NTE) over a wide range of temperatures (10 K–1100 K). Here, we report the size effects on the NTE properties of ScF{sub 3}. The magnitude of NTE is reduced with diminishing the crystal size. As revealed by the specific heat measurement, the low-energy phonon vibrations which account for the NTE behavior are stiffened as the crystal size decreases. With decreasing the crystal size, the peaks in high-energy X-ray pair distribution function (PDF) become broad, which cannot be illuminated by local symmetry breaking. Instead,more » the broadened PDF peaks are strongly indicative of enhanced atomic displacements which are suggested to be responsible for the stiffening of NTE-related lattice vibrations. The present study suggests that the NTE properties of ReO{sub 3}-type and other open-framework materials can be effectively adjusted by controlling the crystal size.« less

Is the Moon Illusion a Celestial Ames Demonstration?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brecher, Kenneth

2010-01-01

To most naked eye observers, the Moon appears larger when seen near the horizon than it does when seen near the zenith. This "Moon Illusion” has been reported from as early as the fourth century BC and has been the subject of hundreds of papers and two books. Its explanation does not lie in the realm of physics (atmospheric refraction) or astronomy (eccentric lunar orbit) but, rather, in the realm of visual perception. Theories for the cause of the effect abound but, at present, there is no universally accepted explanation. Because the effect can be easily observed in many locations and during the course of an academic year, the moon illusion can provide a nice astronomical example that involves both direct observations and theoretical analysis. As part of the NSF funded "Project LITE: Light Inquiry Through Experiments", we have been developing inexpensive experiments and demonstrations that can be done at home. One of these is a miniature version of the classic "Ames Room". The life size version was originally developed by Adelbert Ames, Jr. and can be seen in many science museums. Our "digital” Ames Room has been designed to be printed on heavy paper using an inexpensive inkjet printer from a PDF file that is posted on the Project LITE web site http://lite.bu.edu and then cut and folded to make the room. When viewed through one wall using a commonly available door viewer, it dramatically demonstrates how the eye and brain system assesses the relative size of objects by making comparisons with the surrounding environment in which the objects are placed. In this presentation we will discuss some insights that the Ames Room provides that may offer clues to the correct explanation for the Moon Illusion. Project LITE is supported by the NSF through DUE Grant # 0715975.

Evaluation of arctic multibeam sonar data quality using nadir crossover error analysis and compilation of a full-resolution data product

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Flinders, Ashton F.; Mayer, Larry A.; Calder, Brian A.; Armstrong, Andrew A.

2014-05-01

We document a new high-resolution multibeam bathymetry compilation for the Canada Basin and Chukchi Borderland in the Arctic Ocean - United States Arctic Multibeam Compilation (USAMBC Version 1.0). The compilation preserves the highest native resolution of the bathymetric data, allowing for more detailed interpretation of seafloor morphology than has been previously possible. The compilation was created from multibeam bathymetry data available through openly accessible government and academic repositories. Much of the new data was collected during dedicated mapping cruises in support of the United States effort to map extended continental shelf regions beyond the 200 nm Exclusive Economic Zone. Data quality was evaluated using nadir-beam crossover-error statistics, making it possible to assess the precision of multibeam depth soundings collected from a wide range of vessels and sonar systems. Data were compiled into a single high-resolution grid through a vertical stacking method, preserving the highest quality data source in any specific grid cell. The crossover-error analysis and method of data compilation can be applied to other multi-source multibeam data sets, and is particularly useful for government agencies targeting extended continental shelf regions but with limited hydrographic capabilities. Both the gridded compilation and an easily distributed geospatial PDF map are freely available through the University of New Hampshire's Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping (ccom.unh.edu/theme/law-sea). The geospatial pdf is a full resolution, small file-size product that supports interpretation of Arctic seafloor morphology without the need for specialized gridding/visualization software.

Origin of stretched-exponential photoluminescence relaxation in size-separated silicon nanocrystals

DOE PAGES

Brown, Samuel L.; Krishnan, Retheesh; Elbaradei, Ahmed; ...

2017-05-25

A detailed understanding of the photoluminescence (PL) from silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) is convoluted by the complexity of the decay mechanism, including a stretched-exponential relaxation and the presence of both nanosecond and microsecond time scales. In this publication, we analyze the microsecond PL decay of size-resolved SiNC fractions in both full-spectrum (FS) and spectrally resolved (SR) configurations, where the stretching exponent and lifetime are used to deduce a probability distribution function (PDF) of decay rates. For the PL decay measured at peak emission, we find a systematic shift and narrowing of the PDF in comparison to the FS measurements. In amore » similar fashion, we resolve the PL lifetime of the ‘blue’, ‘peak’, and ‘red’ regions of the spectrum and map PL decays of different photon energy onto their corresponding location in the PDF. Furthermore, a general trend is observed where higher and lower photon energies are correlated with shorter and longer lifetimes, respectively, which we relate to the PL line width and electron-phonon coupling.« less

R6 FIFRA e-Notice of Arrival

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This database processes approximately 3,000 Notice of Arrival (NOA) reporting forms from importers and exporters of pesticide products. This is an electronic version of the EPA Form 3540-1. The external user fills out the NOA and submits it electronically. The form is then processed by the Pesticides section and either approved or disapproved. The system then generates an Adobe PDF version of the EPA Form 3540-1 with signature or disapproval and emailed to the external user. The e-filing system eliminates the need for the Region to invest in paper, copying, storage and mailing expenses, while at the same time allowing the regulated community to conduct its business with us in a more expeditious manner.

Risk assessment of turbine rotor failure using probabilistic ultrasonic non-destructive evaluations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guan, Xuefei; Zhang, Jingdan; Zhou, S. Kevin; Rasselkorde, El Mahjoub; Abbasi, Waheed A.

2014-02-01

The study presents a method and application of risk assessment methodology for turbine rotor fatigue failure using probabilistic ultrasonic nondestructive evaluations. A rigorous probabilistic modeling for ultrasonic flaw sizing is developed by incorporating the model-assisted probability of detection, and the probability density function (PDF) of the actual flaw size is derived. Two general scenarios, namely the ultrasonic inspection with an identified flaw indication and the ultrasonic inspection without flaw indication, are considered in the derivation. To perform estimations for fatigue reliability and remaining useful life, uncertainties from ultrasonic flaw sizing and fatigue model parameters are systematically included and quantified. The model parameter PDF is estimated using Bayesian parameter estimation and actual fatigue testing data. The overall method is demonstrated using a realistic application of steam turbine rotor, and the risk analysis under given safety criteria is provided to support maintenance planning.

Cell-size distribution in epithelial tissue formation and homeostasis

PubMed Central

Primo, Luca; Celani, Antonio

2017-01-01

How cell growth and proliferation are orchestrated in living tissues to achieve a given biological function is a central problem in biology. During development, tissue regeneration and homeostasis, cell proliferation must be coordinated by spatial cues in order for cells to attain the correct size and shape. Biological tissues also feature a notable homogeneity of cell size, which, in specific cases, represents a physiological need. Here, we study the temporal evolution of the cell-size distribution by applying the theory of kinetic fragmentation to tissue development and homeostasis. Our theory predicts self-similar probability density function (PDF) of cell size and explains how division times and redistribution ensure cell size homogeneity across the tissue. Theoretical predictions and numerical simulations of confluent non-homeostatic tissue cultures show that cell size distribution is self-similar. Our experimental data confirm predictions and reveal that, as assumed in the theory, cell division times scale like a power-law of the cell size. We find that in homeostatic conditions there is a stationary distribution with lognormal tails, consistently with our experimental data. Our theoretical predictions and numerical simulations show that the shape of the PDF depends on how the space inherited by apoptotic cells is redistributed and that apoptotic cell rates might also depend on size. PMID:28330988

Cell-size distribution in epithelial tissue formation and homeostasis.

PubMed

Puliafito, Alberto; Primo, Luca; Celani, Antonio

2017-03-01

How cell growth and proliferation are orchestrated in living tissues to achieve a given biological function is a central problem in biology. During development, tissue regeneration and homeostasis, cell proliferation must be coordinated by spatial cues in order for cells to attain the correct size and shape. Biological tissues also feature a notable homogeneity of cell size, which, in specific cases, represents a physiological need. Here, we study the temporal evolution of the cell-size distribution by applying the theory of kinetic fragmentation to tissue development and homeostasis. Our theory predicts self-similar probability density function (PDF) of cell size and explains how division times and redistribution ensure cell size homogeneity across the tissue. Theoretical predictions and numerical simulations of confluent non-homeostatic tissue cultures show that cell size distribution is self-similar. Our experimental data confirm predictions and reveal that, as assumed in the theory, cell division times scale like a power-law of the cell size. We find that in homeostatic conditions there is a stationary distribution with lognormal tails, consistently with our experimental data. Our theoretical predictions and numerical simulations show that the shape of the PDF depends on how the space inherited by apoptotic cells is redistributed and that apoptotic cell rates might also depend on size. © 2017 The Author(s).

An actuarial approach to retrofit savings in buildings

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Subbarao, Krishnappa; Etingov, Pavel V.; Reddy, T. A.

An actuarial method has been developed for determining energy savings from retrofits from energy use data for a number of buildings. This method should be contrasted with the traditional method of using pre- and post-retrofit data on the same building. This method supports the U.S. Department of Energy Building Performance Database of real building performance data and related tools that enable engineering and financial practitioners to evaluate retrofits. The actuarial approach derives, from the database, probability density functions (PDFs) for energy savings from retrofits by creating peer groups for the user’s pre post buildings. From the energy use distribution ofmore » the two groups, the savings PDF is derived. This provides the basis for engineering analysis as well as financial risk analysis leading to investment decisions. Several technical issues are addressed: The savings PDF is obtained from the pre- and post-PDF through a convolution. Smoothing using kernel density estimation is applied to make the PDF more realistic. The low data density problem can be mitigated through a neighborhood methodology. Correlations between pre and post buildings are addressed to improve the savings PDF. Sample size effects are addressed through the Kolmogorov--Smirnov tests and quantile-quantile plots.« less

On the link between column density distribution and density scaling relation in star formation regions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Veltchev, Todor; Donkov, Sava; Stanchev, Orlin

2017-07-01

We present a method to derive the density scaling relation ∝ L^{-α} in regions of star formation or in their turbulent vicinities from straightforward binning of the column-density distribution (N-pdf). The outcome of the method is studied for three types of N-pdf: power law (7/5≤α≤5/3), lognormal (0.7≲α≲1.4) and combination of lognormals. In the last case, the method of Stanchev et al. (2015) was also applied for comparison and a very weak (or close to zero) correlation was found. We conclude that the considered `binning approach' reflects rather the local morphology of the N-pdf with no reference to the physical conditions in a considered region. The rough consistency of the derived slopes with the widely adopted Larson's (1981) value α˜1.1 is suggested to support claims that the density-size relation in molecular clouds is indeed an artifact of the observed N-pdf.

The Islamic State Battle Plan: Press Release Natural Language Processing

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-01

Processing, text mining , corpus, generalized linear model, cascade, R Shiny, leaflet, data visualization 15. NUMBER OF PAGES 83 16. PRICE CODE...Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism TDM Term Document Matrix TF Term Frequency TF-IDF Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency tm text mining (R...package=leaflet. Feinerer I, Hornik K (2015) Text Mining Package “tm,” Version 0.6-2. (Jul 3) https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/tm/tm.pdf

A Validation Summary of the NCC Turbulent Reacting/non-reacting Spray Computations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Raju, M. S.; Liu, N.-S. (Technical Monitor)

2000-01-01

This pper provides a validation summary of the spray computations performed as a part of the NCC (National Combustion Code) development activity. NCC is being developed with the aim of advancing the current prediction tools used in the design of advanced technology combustors based on the multidimensional computational methods. The solution procedure combines the novelty of the application of the scalar Monte Carlo PDF (Probability Density Function) method to the modeling of turbulent spray flames with the ability to perform the computations on unstructured grids with parallel computing. The calculation procedure was applied to predict the flow properties of three different spray cases. One is a nonswirling unconfined reacting spray, the second is a nonswirling unconfined nonreacting spray, and the third is a confined swirl-stabilized spray flame. The comparisons involving both gas-phase and droplet velocities, droplet size distributions, and gas-phase temperatures show reasonable agreement with the available experimental data. The comparisons involve both the results obtained from the use of the Monte Carlo PDF method as well as those obtained from the conventional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solution. Detailed comparisons in the case of a reacting nonswirling spray clearly highlight the importance of chemistry/turbulence interactions in the modeling of reacting sprays. The results from the PDF and non-PDF methods were found to be markedly different and the PDF solution is closer to the reported experimental data. The PDF computations predict that most of the combustion occurs in a predominantly diffusion-flame environment. However, the non-PDF solution predicts incorrectly that the combustion occurs in a predominantly vaporization-controlled regime. The Monte Carlo temperature distribution shows that the functional form of the PDF for the temperature fluctuations varies substantially from point to point. The results also bring to the fore some of the deficiencies associated with the use of assumed-shape PDF methods in spray computations.

A random variance model for detection of differential gene expression in small microarray experiments.

PubMed

Wright, George W; Simon, Richard M

2003-12-12

Microarray techniques provide a valuable way of characterizing the molecular nature of disease. Unfortunately expense and limited specimen availability often lead to studies with small sample sizes. This makes accurate estimation of variability difficult, since variance estimates made on a gene by gene basis will have few degrees of freedom, and the assumption that all genes share equal variance is unlikely to be true. We propose a model by which the within gene variances are drawn from an inverse gamma distribution, whose parameters are estimated across all genes. This results in a test statistic that is a minor variation of those used in standard linear models. We demonstrate that the model assumptions are valid on experimental data, and that the model has more power than standard tests to pick up large changes in expression, while not increasing the rate of false positives. This method is incorporated into BRB-ArrayTools version 3.0 (http://linus.nci.nih.gov/BRB-ArrayTools.html). ftp://linus.nci.nih.gov/pub/techreport/RVM_supplement.pdf

PDF-based heterogeneous multiscale filtration model.

PubMed

Gong, Jian; Rutland, Christopher J

2015-04-21

Motivated by modeling of gasoline particulate filters (GPFs), a probability density function (PDF) based heterogeneous multiscale filtration (HMF) model is developed to calculate filtration efficiency of clean particulate filters. A new methodology based on statistical theory and classic filtration theory is developed in the HMF model. Based on the analysis of experimental porosimetry data, a pore size probability density function is introduced to represent heterogeneity and multiscale characteristics of the porous wall. The filtration efficiency of a filter can be calculated as the sum of the contributions of individual collectors. The resulting HMF model overcomes the limitations of classic mean filtration models which rely on tuning of the mean collector size. Sensitivity analysis shows that the HMF model recovers the classical mean model when the pore size variance is very small. The HMF model is validated by fundamental filtration experimental data from different scales of filter samples. The model shows a good agreement with experimental data at various operating conditions. The effects of the microstructure of filters on filtration efficiency as well as the most penetrating particle size are correctly predicted by the model.

PLAY ANALYSIS AND DIGITAL PORTFOLIO OF MAJOR OIL RESERVOIRS IN THE PERMIAN BASIN: APPLICATION AND TRANSFER OF ADVANCED GEOLOGICAL AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIES FOR INCREMENTAL PRODUCTION OPPORTUNITIES

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shirley P. Dutton; Eugene M. Kim; Ronald F. Broadhead

2004-05-01

The Permian Basin of west Texas and southeast New Mexico has produced >30 Bbbl (4.77 x 10{sup 9} m{sup 3}) of oil through 2000, most of it from 1,339 reservoirs having individual cumulative production >1 MMbbl (1.59 x 10{sup 5} m{sup 3}). These significant-sized reservoirs are the focus of this report. Thirty-two Permian Basin oil plays were defined, and each of the 1,339 significant-sized reservoirs was assigned to a play. The reservoirs were mapped and compiled in a Geographic Information System (GIS) by play. Associated reservoir information within linked data tables includes Railroad Commission of Texas reservoir number and districtmore » (Texas only), official field and reservoir name, year reservoir was discovered, depth to top of the reservoir, production in 2000, and cumulative production through 2000. Some tables also list subplays. Play boundaries were drawn for each play; the boundaries include areas where fields in that play occur but are <1 MMbbl (1.59 x 10{sup 5} m{sup 3}) of cumulative production. This report contains a summary description of each play, including key reservoir characteristics and successful reservoir-management practices that have been used in the play. The CD accompanying the report contains a pdf version of the report, the GIS project, pdf maps of all plays, and digital data files. Oil production from the reservoirs in the Permian Basin having cumulative production >1 MMbbl (1.59 x 10{sup 5} m{sup 3}) was 301.4 MMbbl (4.79 x 10{sup 7} m{sup 3}) in 2000. Cumulative Permian Basin production through 2000 from these significant-sized reservoirs was 28.9 Bbbl (4.59 x 10{sup 9} m{sup 3}). The top four plays in cumulative production are the Northwest Shelf San Andres Platform Carbonate play (3.97 Bbbl [6.31 x 10{sup 8} m{sup 3}]), the Leonard Restricted Platform Carbonate play (3.30 Bbbl 5.25 x 10{sup 8} m{sup 3}), the Pennsylvanian and Lower Permian Horseshoe Atoll Carbonate play (2.70 Bbbl [4.29 x 10{sup 8} m{sup 3}]), and the San Andres Platform Carbonate play (2.15 Bbbl [3.42 x 10{sup 8} m{sup 3}]).« less

Terror and Terrorism: A History of Ideas and Philosophical-Ethical Reflections

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-08-01

Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. For a PDF version of this article, click here. Introduction The essay addresses the question of the...ever more dangerous violent acts inspired by religious motives. Islamic extremists, “ bible -prone” right wingers, and “Judgment Day” sectarians pursue...terrorist organizations is their shared goal of fighting and bringing down the “big Satan ,” the United States.[17] On the Mental Foundation and Psychic

Combustion Of Poultry-Derived Fuel in a CFBC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jia, Lufei; Anthony, Edward J.

Poultry farming generates large quantities of waste. Current disposal practice is to spread the poultry wastes onto farmland as fertilizer. However, as the factory farms for poultry grow both in numbers and size, the amount of poultry wastes generated has increased significandy in recent years. In consequence, excessive application of poultry wastes on farmland is resulting in more and more contaminants entering the surface water. One of the options being considered is the use of poultry waste as power plant fuel. Since poultry-derived fuel (PDF) is biomass, its co-firing will have the added advantage of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from power generation. To evaluate the combustion characteristics of co-firing PDF with coal, combustion tests of mixtures of coal and PDF were conducted in CanmetENERGY's pilot-scale CFBC. The goal of the tests was to verify that PDF can be co-fired with coal and, more importantly, that emissions from the combustion process are not adversely affected by the presence of PDF in the fuel feed. The test results were very promising and support the view that co-firing in an existing coal-fired CFBC is an effective method of utilizing this potential fuel, both resolving a potential waste disposal problem and reducing the amount of CO2 released by the boiler.

Accessible and informative sectioned images, color-coded images, and surface models of the ear.

PubMed

Park, Hyo Seok; Chung, Min Suk; Shin, Dong Sun; Jung, Yong Wook; Park, Jin Seo

2013-08-01

In our previous research, we created state-of-the-art sectioned images, color-coded images, and surface models of the human ear. Our ear data would be more beneficial and informative if they were more easily accessible. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to distribute the browsing software and the PDF file in which ear images are to be readily obtainable and freely explored. Another goal was to inform other researchers of our methods for establishing the browsing software and the PDF file. To achieve this, sectioned images and color-coded images of ear were prepared (voxel size 0.1 mm). In the color-coded images, structures related to hearing, equilibrium, and structures originated from the first and second pharyngeal arches were segmented supplementarily. The sectioned and color-coded images of right ear were added to the browsing software, which displayed the images serially along with structure names. The surface models were reconstructed to be combined into the PDF file where they could be freely manipulated. Using the browsing software and PDF file, sectional and three-dimensional shapes of ear structures could be comprehended in detail. Furthermore, using the PDF file, clinical knowledge could be identified through virtual otoscopy. Therefore, the presented educational tools will be helpful to medical students and otologists by improving their knowledge of ear anatomy. The browsing software and PDF file can be downloaded without charge and registration at our homepage (http://anatomy.dongguk.ac.kr/ear/). Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

ROOT — A C++ framework for petabyte data storage, statistical analysis and visualization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Antcheva, I.; Ballintijn, M.; Bellenot, B.; Biskup, M.; Brun, R.; Buncic, N.; Canal, Ph.; Casadei, D.; Couet, O.; Fine, V.; Franco, L.; Ganis, G.; Gheata, A.; Maline, D. Gonzalez; Goto, M.; Iwaszkiewicz, J.; Kreshuk, A.; Segura, D. Marcos; Maunder, R.; Moneta, L.; Naumann, A.; Offermann, E.; Onuchin, V.; Panacek, S.; Rademakers, F.; Russo, P.; Tadel, M.

2011-06-01

A new stable version ("production version") v5.28.00 of ROOT [1] has been published [2]. It features several major improvements in many areas, most noteworthy data storage performance as well as statistics and graphics features. Some of these improvements have already been predicted in the original publication Antcheva et al. (2009) [3]. This version will be maintained for at least 6 months; new minor revisions ("patch releases") will be published [4] to solve problems reported with this version. New version program summaryProgram title: ROOT Catalogue identifier: AEFA_v2_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEFA_v2_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: GNU Lesser Public License v.2.1 No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 2 934 693 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 1009 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: C++ Computer: Intel i386, Intel x86-64, Motorola PPC, Sun Sparc, HP PA-RISC Operating system: GNU/Linux, Windows XP/Vista/7, Mac OS X, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, Solaris, HP-UX, AIX Has the code been vectorized or parallelized?: Yes RAM: > 55 Mbytes Classification: 4, 9, 11.9, 14 Catalogue identifier of previous version: AEFA_v1_0 Journal reference of previous version: Comput. Phys. Commun. 180 (2009) 2499 Does the new version supersede the previous version?: Yes Nature of problem: Storage, analysis and visualization of scientific data Solution method: Object store, wide range of analysis algorithms and visualization methods Reasons for new version: Added features and corrections of deficiencies Summary of revisions: The release notes at http://root.cern.ch/root/v528/Version528.news.html give a module-oriented overview of the changes in v5.28.00. Highlights include File format Reading of TTrees has been improved dramatically with respect to CPU time (30%) and notably with respect to disk space. Histograms A new TEfficiency class has been provided to handle the calculation of efficiencies and their uncertainties, TH2Poly for polygon-shaped bins (e.g. maps), TKDE for kernel density estimation, and TSVDUnfold for singular value decomposition. Graphics Kerning is now supported in TLatex, PostScript and PDF; a table of contents can be added to PDF files. A new font provides italic symbols. A TPad containing GL can be stored in a binary (i.e. non-vector) image file; add support for full-scene anti-aliasing. Usability enhancements to EVE. Math New interfaces for generating random number according to a given distribution, goodness of fit tests of unbinned data, binning multidimensional data, and several advanced statistical functions were added. RooFit Introduction of HistFactory; major additions to RooStats. TMVA Updated to version 4.1.0, adding e.g. the support for simultaneous classification of multiple output classes for several multivariate methods. PROOF Many new features, adding to PROOF's usability, plus improvements and fixes. PyROOT Support of Python 3 has been added. Tutorials Several new tutorials were provided for above new features (notably RooStats). A detailed list of all the changes is available at http://root.cern.ch/root/htmldoc/examples/V5. Additional comments: For an up-to-date author list see: http://root.cern.ch/drupal/content/root-development-team and http://root.cern.ch/drupal/content/former-root-developers. The distribution file for this program is over 30 Mbytes and therefore is not delivered directly when download or E-mail is requested. Instead a html file giving details of how the program can be obtained is sent. Running time: Depending on the data size and complexity of analysis algorithms. References: id="pr0100" view="all">http://root.cern.ch. http://root.cern.ch/drupal/content/production-version-528. I. Antcheva, M. Ballintijn, B. Bellenot, M. Biskup, R. Brun, N. Buncic, Ph. Canal, D. Casadei, O. Couet, V. Fine, L. Franco, G. Ganis, A. Gheata, D. Gonzalez Maline, M. Goto, J. Iwaszkiewicz, A. Kreshuk, D. Marcos Segura, R. Maunder, L. Moneta, A. Naumann, E. Offermann, V. Onuchin, S. Panacek, F. Rademakers, P. Russo, M. Tadel, ROOT — A C++ framework for petabyte data storage, statistical analysis and visualization, Comput. Phys. Commun. 180 (2009) 2499. http://root.cern.ch/drupal/content/root-version-v5-28-00-patch-release-notes.

Temporal length-scale cascade and expansion rate on planar liquid jet instability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sirignano, William; Zandian, Arash; Hussain, Fazle

2016-11-01

Using the local radius of curvature of the surface and the local transverse dimension of the two-phase (i.e., spray) domain as length scales, we obtained two PDFs over a wide range of length-scales at different times and for different Reynolds and Weber (We) numbers. The PDFs were developed via post-processing of DNS Navier-Stokes results for a 3D planar liquid sheet segment with level-set and Volume-of-Fluid surface tracking, giving better statistical data for the length scales compared to the former methods. The radius PDF shows that, with increasing We , the average radius of curvature decreases, number of small droplets increases, and cascade occurs at a faster rate. In time, the mean of the radius PDF decreases while the rms increases. The other PDF represents the spray expansion in a more realistic and meaningful form, showing that the spray angle is larger at higher We and density-ratios. Both the mean and the rms of the spray-size PDF increase with time. The PDFs also track the transitions between symmetric and anti-symmetric modes.

[Advantages and disadvantages of different methods for the implementation and the support of standard operating procedures: From PDF files to an app- and webbased SOP management system].

PubMed

Bauer, M; Riech, S; Brandes, I; Waeschle, R M

2015-11-01

The quality assurance of care and patient safety, with increasing cost pressure and performance levels is of major importance in the high-risk and high cost area of the operating room (OR). Standard operating procedures (SOP) are an established tool for structuring and standardization of the clinical treatment pathways and show multiple benefits for quality assurance and process optimization. An internal project was initiated in the department of anesthesiology and a continuous improvement process was carried out to build up a comprehensive SOP library. In the first step the spectrum of procedures in anesthesiology was transferred to PDF-based SOPs. The further development to an app-based SOP library (Aesculapp) was due to the high resource expenditure for the administration and maintenance of the large PDF-based SOP collection and to deficits in the mobile availability. The next developmental stage, the SOP healthcare information assistant (SOPHIA) included a simplified and advanced update feature, an archive feature previously missing and notably the possibility to share the SOP library with other departments including the option to adapt each SOP to the individual situation. A survey of the personnel showed that the app-based allocation of SOPs (Aesculapp, SOPHIA) had a higher acceptance than the PDF-based developmental stage SOP form. The SOP management system SOPHIA combines the benefits of the forerunner version Aesculapp with improved options for intradepartmental maintenance and administration of the SOPs and the possibility of an export and editing function for interinstitutional exchange of SOPs.

Do Interactive Globes and Games Help Students Learn Planetary Science?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Coba, Filis; Burgin, Stephen; De Paor, Declan; Georgen, Jennifer

2016-01-01

The popularity of animations and interactive visualizations in undergraduate science education might lead one to assume that these teaching aids enhance student learning. We tested this assumption for the case of the Google Earth virtual globe with a comparison of control and treatment student groups in a general education class of over 370 students at a large public university. Earth and Planetary Science course content was developed in two formats: using Keyhole Markup Language (KML) to create interactive tours in Google Earth (the treatment group) and Portable Document Format (PDF) for on-screen reading (the control group). The PDF documents contained identical text and images to the placemark balloons or "tour stops" in the Google Earth version. Some significant differences were noted between the two groups based on the immediate post-questionnaire with the KML students out-performing the PDF students, but not on the delayed measure. In a separate but related project, we undertake preliminary investigations into methods of teaching basic concepts in planetary mantle convection using numerical simulations. The goal of this project is to develop an interface with a two-dimensional finite element model that will allow students to vary parameters such as the temperatures assigned to the boundaries of the model domain, to help them actively explore important variables that control convection.

Multiscaling properties of coastal waters particle size distribution from LISST in situ measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pannimpullath Remanan, R.; Schmitt, F. G.; Loisel, H.; Mériaux, X.

2013-12-01

An eulerian high frequency sampling of particle size distribution (PSD) is performed during 5 tidal cycles (65 hours) in a coastal environment of the eastern English Channel at 1 Hz. The particle data are recorded using a LISST-100x type C (Laser In Situ Scattering and Transmissometry, Sequoia Scientific), recording volume concentrations of particles having diameters ranging from 2.5 to 500 mu in 32 size classes in logarithmic scale. This enables the estimation at each time step (every second) of the probability density function of particle sizes. At every time step, the pdf of PSD is hyperbolic. We can thus estimate PSD slope time series. Power spectral analysis shows that the mean diameter of the suspended particles is scaling at high frequencies (from 1s to 1000s). The scaling properties of particle sizes is studied by computing the moment function, from the pdf of the size distribution. Moment functions at many different time scales (from 1s to 1000 s) are computed and their scaling properties considered. The Shannon entropy at each time scale is also estimated and is related to other parameters. The multiscaling properties of the turbidity (coefficient cp computed from the LISST) are also consider on the same time scales, using Empirical Mode Decomposition.

Margin selection to compensate for loss of target dose coverage due to target motion during external‐beam radiation therapy of the lung

PubMed Central

Osei, Ernest; Barnett, Rob

2015-01-01

The aim of this study is to provide guidelines for the selection of external‐beam radiation therapy target margins to compensate for target motion in the lung during treatment planning. A convolution model was employed to predict the effect of target motion on the delivered dose distribution. The accuracy of the model was confirmed with radiochromic film measurements in both static and dynamic phantom modes. 502 unique patient breathing traces were recorded and used to simulate the effect of target motion on a dose distribution. A 1D probability density function (PDF) representing the position of the target throughout the breathing cycle was generated from each breathing trace obtained during 4D CT. Changes in the target D95 (the minimum dose received by 95% of the treatment target) due to target motion were analyzed and shown to correlate with the standard deviation of the PDF. Furthermore, the amount of target D95 recovered per millimeter of increased field width was also shown to correlate with the standard deviation of the PDF. The sensitivity of changes in dose coverage with respect to target size was also determined. Margin selection recommendations that can be used to compensate for loss of target D95 were generated based on the simulation results. These results are discussed in the context of clinical plans. We conclude that, for PDF standard deviations less than 0.4 cm with target sizes greater than 5 cm, little or no additional margins are required. Targets which are smaller than 5 cm with PDF standard deviations larger than 0.4 cm are most susceptible to loss of coverage. The largest additional required margin in this study was determined to be 8 mm. PACS numbers: 87.53.Bn, 87.53.Kn, 87.55.D‐, 87.55.Gh

Natural-Color Image Mosaics of Afghanistan: Digital Databases and Maps

USGS Publications Warehouse

Davis, Philip A.; Hare, Trent M.

2007-01-01

Explanation: The 50 tiled images in this dataset are natural-color renditions of the calibrated six-band Landsat mosaics created from Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data. Natural-color images depict the surface as seen by the human eye. The calibration of the Landsat ETM+ maps produced by Davis (2006) are relative reflectance and need to be grounded with ground-reflectance data, but the difficulties in performing fieldwork in Afghanistan precluded ground-reflectance surveys. For natural color calibration, which involves only the blue, green, and red color bands of Landsat, we could use ground photographs, Munsell color readings of ground surfaces, or another image base that accurately depicts the surface color. Each map quadrangle is 1? of latitude by? of longitude. The numbers assigned to each map quadrangle refer to the latitude and longitude coordinates of the lower left corner of the quadrangle. For example, quadrangle Q2960 has its lower left corner at lat 29? N., long 60? E. Each quadrangle overlaps adjacent quadrangles by 100 pixels (2.85 km). Only the 14.25-m-spacial-resolution UTM and 28.5-m-spacial-resolution WGS84 geographic geotiff datasets are available in this report to decrease the amount of space needed. The images are (three-band, eight-bit) geotiffs with embedded georeferencing. As such, most software will not require the associated world files. An index of all available images in geographic is displayed here: Index_Geo_DD.pdf. The country of Afghanistan spans three UTM zones: (41-43). Maps are stored as geoTIFFs in their respective UTM zone projection. Indexes of all available topographic map sheets in their respective UTM zone are displayed here: Index_UTM_Z41.pdf, Index_UTM_Z42.pdf, Index_UTM_Z43.pdf. You will need Adobe Reader to view the PDF files. Download a copy of the latest version of Adobe Reader for free.

Axonal neuropathy with unusual clinical course in young Snowshoe cats.

PubMed

2018-06-01

Lara A Matiasek, Alejandro Luján Feliu-Pascual, G Diane Shelton, Luisa De Risio and Kaspar Matiasek J Feline Med Surg 2009; 11: 1005-1010 Readers should note that the version of the article that appeared in print in December 2009 and the PDF that is published online incorrectly lists one of the author's names as Diane G Shelton. The correct name is G Diane Shelton. The full text xml online has been amended as of June 2018.

Computer programs for computing particle-size statistics of fluvial sediments

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stevens, H.H.; Hubbell, D.W.

1986-01-01

Two versions of computer programs for inputing data and computing particle-size statistics of fluvial sediments are presented. The FORTRAN 77 language versions are for use on the Prime computer, and the BASIC language versions are for use on microcomputers. The size-statistics program compute Inman, Trask , and Folk statistical parameters from phi values and sizes determined for 10 specified percent-finer values from inputed size and percent-finer data. The program also determines the percentage gravel, sand, silt, and clay, and the Meyer-Peter effective diameter. Documentation and listings for both versions of the programs are included. (Author 's abstract)

Buckets: Aggregative, Intelligent Agents for Publishing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nelson, Michael L.; Maly, Kurt; Shen, Stewart N. T.; Zubair, Mohammad

1998-01-01

Buckets are an aggregative, intelligent construct for publishing in digital libraries. The goal of research projects is to produce information. This information is often instantiated in several forms, differentiated by semantic types (report, software, video, datasets, etc.). A given semantic type can be further differentiated by syntactic representations as well (PostScript version, PDF version, Word version, etc.). Although the information was created together and subtle relationships can exist between them, different semantic instantiations are generally segregated along currently obsolete media boundaries. Reports are placed in report archives, software might go into a software archive, but most of the data and supporting materials are likely to be kept in informal personal archives or discarded altogether. Buckets provide an archive-independent container construct in which all related semantic and syntactic data types and objects can be logically grouped together, archived, and manipulated as a single object. Furthermore, buckets are active archival objects and can communicate with each other, people, or arbitrary network services.

Inverse estimation of the spheroidal particle size distribution using Ant Colony Optimization algorithms in multispectral extinction technique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, Zhenzong; Qi, Hong; Wang, Yuqing; Ruan, Liming

2014-10-01

Four improved Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithms, i.e. the probability density function based ACO (PDF-ACO) algorithm, the Region ACO (RACO) algorithm, Stochastic ACO (SACO) algorithm and Homogeneous ACO (HACO) algorithm, are employed to estimate the particle size distribution (PSD) of the spheroidal particles. The direct problems are solved by the extended Anomalous Diffraction Approximation (ADA) and the Lambert-Beer law. Three commonly used monomodal distribution functions i.e. the Rosin-Rammer (R-R) distribution function, the normal (N-N) distribution function, and the logarithmic normal (L-N) distribution function are estimated under dependent model. The influence of random measurement errors on the inverse results is also investigated. All the results reveal that the PDF-ACO algorithm is more accurate than the other three ACO algorithms and can be used as an effective technique to investigate the PSD of the spheroidal particles. Furthermore, the Johnson's SB (J-SB) function and the modified beta (M-β) function are employed as the general distribution functions to retrieve the PSD of spheroidal particles using PDF-ACO algorithm. The investigation shows a reasonable agreement between the original distribution function and the general distribution function when only considering the variety of the length of the rotational semi-axis.

Publications - GMC 363 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Science.gov Websites

Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Comments: Excel files of grain size data and point count . http://doi.org/10.14509/20244 Publication Products Report Report Information gmc363.pdf (6.6 M) Excel

Publications - RDF 2015-17 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Science.gov Websites

/10.14509/29519 Publication Products Report Report Information rdf2015_017.pdf (347.0 K) Digital Geospatial Data Digital Geospatial Data Tonsina geochemistry: DGGS samples Data File Format File Size Info

The Lambert Way to Gaussianize Heavy-Tailed Data with the Inverse of Tukey's h Transformation as a Special Case

PubMed Central

Goerg, Georg M.

2015-01-01

I present a parametric, bijective transformation to generate heavy tail versions of arbitrary random variables. The tail behavior of this heavy tail Lambert  W × F X random variable depends on a tail parameter δ ≥ 0: for δ = 0, Y ≡ X, for δ > 0 Y has heavier tails than X. For X being Gaussian it reduces to Tukey's h distribution. The Lambert W function provides an explicit inverse transformation, which can thus remove heavy tails from observed data. It also provides closed-form expressions for the cumulative distribution (cdf) and probability density function (pdf). As a special case, these yield analytic expression for Tukey's h pdf and cdf. Parameters can be estimated by maximum likelihood and applications to S&P 500 log-returns demonstrate the usefulness of the presented methodology. The R package LambertW implements most of the introduced methodology and is publicly available on CRAN. PMID:26380372

ELECTROKINETIC PHENOMENA. II : THE FACTOR OF PROPORTIONALITY FOR CATAPHORETIC AND ELECTROENDOSMOTIC MOBILITIES.

PubMed

Abramson, H A

1930-07-20

Two theories which predict different values for the ratio of V(E), the electroendosmotic velocity of a liquid past a surface, to V(p), the electric mobility of a particle of the same surface through the same liquid are discussed. The theory demanding that See PDF for Equation was supported by certain data of van der Grinten for a glass surface. Re-calculation of van der Grinten's data reveals that the ratio varies between 2.1 and 2.8. These results are in accord with previous data of Abramson. It is pointed out that glass is unsuitable for the investigation. The ratio See PDF for Equation is here determined for a flat surface and particles when both are covered by the same proteins. Under these conditions See PDF for Equation The theory is similarly tested for a round surface using a micro-cataphoresis cell. It is shown that See PDF for Equation for a round surface is approximately 1.00. These findings are confirmatory of previous data supporting the view that cataphoretic mobility is independent of the size and shape of the particles when all particles compared have similar surface constitutions.

Oxyanion Induced Variations in Domain Structure for Amorphous Cobalt Oxide Oxygen Evolving Catalysts, Resolved by X-ray Pair Distribution Function Analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kwon, Gihan; Kokhan, Oleksandr; Han, Ali

Amorphous thin film oxygen evolving catalysts, OECs, of first-row transition metals show promise to serve as self-assembling photoanode materials in solar-driven, photoelectrochemical `artificial leaf' devices. This report demonstrates the ability to use high-energy X-ray scattering and atomic pair distribution function analysis, PDF, to resolve structure in amorphous metal oxide catalyst films. The analysis is applied here to resolve domain structure differences induced by oxyanion substitution during the electrochemical assembly of amorphous cobalt oxide catalyst films, Co-OEC. PDF patterns for Co-OEC films formed using phosphate, Pi, methylphosphate, MPi, and borate, Bi, electrolyte buffers show that the resulting domains vary in sizemore » following the sequence Pi < MPi < Bi. The increases in domain size for CoMPi and CoBi were found to be correlated with increases in the contributions from bilayer and trilayer stacked domains having structures intermediate between those of the LiCoOO and CoO(OH) mineral forms. The lattice structures and offset stacking of adjacent layers in the partially stacked CoMPi and CoBi domains were best matched to those in the LiCoOO layered structure. The results demonstrate the ability of PDF analysis to elucidate features of domain size, structure, defect content and mesoscale organization for amorphous metal oxide catalysts that are not readily accessed by other X-ray techniques. Finally, PDF structure analysis is shown to provide a way to characterize domain structures in different forms of amorphous oxide catalysts, and hence provide an opportunity to investigate correlations between domain structure and catalytic activity.« less

Oxyanion Induced Variations in Domain Structure for Amorphous Cobalt Oxide Oxygen Evolving Catalysts, Resolved by X-ray Pair Distribution Function Analysis

DOE PAGES

Kwon, Gihan; Kokhan, Oleksandr; Han, Ali; ...

2015-12-01

Amorphous thin film oxygen evolving catalysts, OECs, of first-row transition metals show promise to serve as self-assembling photoanode materials in solar-driven, photoelectrochemical `artificial leaf' devices. This report demonstrates the ability to use high-energy X-ray scattering and atomic pair distribution function analysis, PDF, to resolve structure in amorphous metal oxide catalyst films. The analysis is applied here to resolve domain structure differences induced by oxyanion substitution during the electrochemical assembly of amorphous cobalt oxide catalyst films, Co-OEC. PDF patterns for Co-OEC films formed using phosphate, Pi, methylphosphate, MPi, and borate, Bi, electrolyte buffers show that the resulting domains vary in sizemore » following the sequence Pi < MPi < Bi. The increases in domain size for CoMPi and CoBi were found to be correlated with increases in the contributions from bilayer and trilayer stacked domains having structures intermediate between those of the LiCoOO and CoO(OH) mineral forms. The lattice structures and offset stacking of adjacent layers in the partially stacked CoMPi and CoBi domains were best matched to those in the LiCoOO layered structure. The results demonstrate the ability of PDF analysis to elucidate features of domain size, structure, defect content and mesoscale organization for amorphous metal oxide catalysts that are not readily accessed by other X-ray techniques. Finally, PDF structure analysis is shown to provide a way to characterize domain structures in different forms of amorphous oxide catalysts, and hence provide an opportunity to investigate correlations between domain structure and catalytic activity.« less

A Defect Structure for 6-Line Ferrihydrite Nanoparticles (Invited)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gilbert, B.; Spagnoli, D.; Fakra, S.; Petkov, V.; Penn, R. L.; Banfield, J. F.; Waychunas, G.

2010-12-01

Ferrihydrite is an environmental iron oxyhydroxide mineral that is only found in the form of nanoscale particles yet exerts significant impacts on the biogeochemistry of soils, sediments and surface waters. This material has remained poorly characterized due to significant experimental challenges in determining stoichiometry and structure. In a breakthrough, Michel et al., Science 316, 1726 (2007), showed that real-space pair distribution function (PDF) data from ferrihydrite samples with a range of particle sizes could be modeled by a single newly proposed crystal phase. However, ambiguity remained as to the relationship between this model and real ferrihydrite structure because that model does not perfectly reproduce the reciprocal-space X-ray diffraction data (XRD). Subsequently, Michel et al. PNAS 107, 2787 (2010), demonstrated that ferrihydrite could be thermally coarsened to form an annealed nanomaterial for which both XRD and PDF data are reproduced by a refined version of their original structure. These findings confirmed that the Michel et al. structure is a true mineral phase, but do not resolve the question of how to adequately describe the structure of ferrihydrite nanoparticles formed by low-temperature precipitation in surface waters. There is agreement that a model based upon a single unit cell cannot capture the structural diversity present in real nanoparticles, which can include defects, vacancies and disorder, particularly surface strain. However, for the Michel et al. model of ferrihydrite the disagreement between simulated and experimental XRD is significant, indicating either that the underlying structural model is incorrect; that the assumption that a single phase is sufficient to describe the nanomaterial is not valid; or that ferrihydrite nanoparticles possess an unusually large amount of disorder that must be characterized. Thus, quantitative tests of explicit structural configurations are essential to understand the real nanoparticle disorder and to test the correctness of an underlying phase described by a single unit cell. We reviewed the crystal chemistry of the Michel et al. structure and alternatives and developed hypotheses for plausible structural defects. We developed a novel reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) algorithm that generates defects and disorder within full-nanoparticle structural models and simulates the corresponding PDF and wide-angle XRD patterns for comparison with experimental data. This successfully generated full-nanoparticle structures that are in agreement with both real- and reciprocal-space X-ray scattering data. RMC-derived structures may be incorrect, and are not unique, and must therefore be evaluated for chemical plausibility as emphasized by Manceau, Clay Minerals 44, 19 (2009). Nevertheless, the results show that the inclusion of disorder and defects in full-nanoparticle model of ferrihydrite can resolve the discrepancy between XRD and PDF results found for a model based upon a single unit cell.

DYNA3D Code Practices and Developments

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lin, L.; Zywicz, E.; Raboin, P.

2000-04-21

DYNA3D is an explicit, finite element code developed to solve high rate dynamic simulations for problems of interest to the engineering mechanics community. The DYNA3D code has been under continuous development since 1976[1] by the Methods Development Group in the Mechanical Engineering Department of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The pace of code development activities has substantially increased in the past five years, growing from one to between four and six code developers. This has necessitated the use of software tools such as CVS (Concurrent Versions System) to help manage multiple version updates. While on-line documentation with an Adobe PDF manualmore » helps to communicate software developments, periodically a summary document describing recent changes and improvements in DYNA3D software is needed. The first part of this report describes issues surrounding software versions and source control. The remainder of this report details the major capability improvements since the last publicly released version of DYNA3D in 1996. Not included here are the many hundreds of bug corrections and minor enhancements, nor the development in DYNA3D between the manual release in 1993[2] and the public code release in 1996.« less

CALIPSO Data Products Catalog

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2013-11-12

... layer base temperature The parameter "single shot cloud cleared fraction" was added to Lidar Level 2 5-km cloud and aerosol ... convention. Adjusted spacing for content to fit on one page.   DPC Release 2.4 PDF: Size ~3 MB December 2007 ...

Publications - RDF 2007-1 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Science.gov Websites

://doi.org/10.14509/15759 Publication Products Report Report Information rdf2007_001.pdf (443.0 K) Digital Geospatial Data Digital Geospatial Data Fairbanks Mining District Geochemical Data Data File Format File Size

Publications - RDF 2011-4 v. 2 | Alaska Division of Geological &

Science.gov Websites

://doi.org/10.14509/23002 Publication Products Report Report Information rdf2011_004.pdf (519.0 K) Digital Geospatial Data Digital Geospatial Data Moran Geochemistry Data File Format File Size Info Download moran

Daylighting simulation: methods, algorithms, and resources

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Carroll, William L.

This document presents work conducted as part of Subtask C, ''Daylighting Design Tools'', Subgroup C2, ''New Daylight Algorithms'', of the IEA SHC Task 21 and the ECBCS Program Annex 29 ''Daylight in Buildings''. The search for and collection of daylighting analysis methods and algorithms led to two important observations. First, there is a wide range of needs for different types of methods to produce a complete analysis tool. These include: Geometry; Light modeling; Characterization of the natural illumination resource; Materials and components properties, representations; and Usability issues (interfaces, interoperability, representation of analysis results, etc). Second, very advantageously, there have beenmore » rapid advances in many basic methods in these areas, due to other forces. They are in part driven by: The commercial computer graphics community (commerce, entertainment); The lighting industry; Architectural rendering and visualization for projects; and Academia: Course materials, research. This has led to a very rich set of information resources that have direct applicability to the small daylighting analysis community. Furthermore, much of this information is in fact available online. Because much of the information about methods and algorithms is now online, an innovative reporting strategy was used: the core formats are electronic, and used to produce a printed form only secondarily. The electronic forms include both online WWW pages and a downloadable .PDF file with the same appearance and content. Both electronic forms include live primary and indirect links to actual information sources on the WWW. In most cases, little additional commentary is provided regarding the information links or citations that are provided. This in turn allows the report to be very concise. The links are expected speak for themselves. The report consists of only about 10+ pages, with about 100+ primary links, but with potentially thousands of indirect links. For purposes of the printed version, a list of the links is explicitly provided. This document exists in HTML form at the URL address: http://eande.lbl.gov/Task21/dlalgorithms.html. An equivalent downloadable PDF version, also with live links, at the URL address: http://eande.lbl.gov/Task21/dlalgorithms.pdf. A printed report can be derived directly from either of the electronic versions by simply printing either of them. In addition to the live links in the electronic forms, all report forms, electronic and paper, also have explicitly listed link addresses so that they can be followed up or referenced manually.« less

On the road to metallic nanoparticles by rational design: bridging the gap between atomic-level theoretical modeling and reality by total scattering experiments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prasai, Binay; Wilson, A. R.; Wiley, B. J.; Ren, Y.; Petkov, Valeri

2015-10-01

The extent to which current theoretical modeling alone can reveal real-world metallic nanoparticles (NPs) at the atomic level was scrutinized and demonstrated to be insufficient and how it can be improved by using a pragmatic approach involving straightforward experiments is shown. In particular, 4 to 6 nm in size silica supported Au100-xPdx (x = 30, 46 and 58) explored for catalytic applications is characterized structurally by total scattering experiments including high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) coupled to atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis. Atomic-level models for the NPs are built by molecular dynamics simulations based on the archetypal for current theoretical modeling Sutton-Chen (SC) method. Models are matched against independent experimental data and are demonstrated to be inaccurate unless their theoretical foundation, i.e. the SC method, is supplemented with basic yet crucial information on the length and strength of metal-to-metal bonds and, when necessary, structural disorder in the actual NPs studied. An atomic PDF-based approach for accessing such information and implementing it in theoretical modeling is put forward. For completeness, the approach is concisely demonstrated on 15 nm in size water-dispersed Au particles explored for bio-medical applications and 16 nm in size hexane-dispersed Fe48Pd52 particles explored for magnetic applications as well. It is argued that when ``tuned up'' against experiments relevant to metals and alloys confined to nanoscale dimensions, such as total scattering coupled to atomic PDF analysis, rather than by mere intuition and/or against data for the respective solids, atomic-level theoretical modeling can provide a sound understanding of the synthesis-structure-property relationships in real-world metallic NPs. Ultimately this can help advance nanoscience and technology a step closer to producing metallic NPs by rational design.The extent to which current theoretical modeling alone can reveal real-world metallic nanoparticles (NPs) at the atomic level was scrutinized and demonstrated to be insufficient and how it can be improved by using a pragmatic approach involving straightforward experiments is shown. In particular, 4 to 6 nm in size silica supported Au100-xPdx (x = 30, 46 and 58) explored for catalytic applications is characterized structurally by total scattering experiments including high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) coupled to atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis. Atomic-level models for the NPs are built by molecular dynamics simulations based on the archetypal for current theoretical modeling Sutton-Chen (SC) method. Models are matched against independent experimental data and are demonstrated to be inaccurate unless their theoretical foundation, i.e. the SC method, is supplemented with basic yet crucial information on the length and strength of metal-to-metal bonds and, when necessary, structural disorder in the actual NPs studied. An atomic PDF-based approach for accessing such information and implementing it in theoretical modeling is put forward. For completeness, the approach is concisely demonstrated on 15 nm in size water-dispersed Au particles explored for bio-medical applications and 16 nm in size hexane-dispersed Fe48Pd52 particles explored for magnetic applications as well. It is argued that when ``tuned up'' against experiments relevant to metals and alloys confined to nanoscale dimensions, such as total scattering coupled to atomic PDF analysis, rather than by mere intuition and/or against data for the respective solids, atomic-level theoretical modeling can provide a sound understanding of the synthesis-structure-property relationships in real-world metallic NPs. Ultimately this can help advance nanoscience and technology a step closer to producing metallic NPs by rational design. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: XRD patterns, TEM and 3D structure modelling methodology. See DOI: 10.1039/c5nr04678e

Development of a standard soil-to-skin adherence probability density function for use in Monte Carlo analyses of dermal exposure.

PubMed

Finley, B L; Scott, P K; Mayhall, D A

1994-08-01

It has recently been suggested that "standard" data distributions for key exposure variables should be developed wherever appropriate for use in probabilistic or "Monte Carlo" exposure analyses. Soil-on-skin adherence estimates represent an ideal candidate for development of a standard data distribution: There are several readily available studies which offer a consistent pattern of reported results, and more importantly, soil adherence to skin is likely to vary little from site-to-site. In this paper, we thoroughly review each of the published soil adherence studies with respect to study design, sampling, and analytical methods, and level of confidence in the reported results. Based on these studies, probability density functions (PDF) of soil adherence values were examined for different age groups and different sampling techniques. The soil adherence PDF developed from adult data was found to resemble closely the soil adherence PDF based on child data in terms of both central tendency (mean = 0.49 and 0.63 mg-soil/cm2-skin, respectively) and 95th percentile values (1.6 and 2.4 mg-soil/cm2-skin, respectively). Accordingly, a single, "standard" PDF is presented based on all data collected for all age groups. This standard PDF is lognormally distributed; the arithmetic mean and standard deviation are 0.52 +/- 0.9 mg-soil/cm2-skin. Since our review of the literature indicates that soil adherence under environmental conditions will be minimally influenced by age, sex, soil type, or particle size, this PDF should be considered applicable to all settings. The 50th and 95th percentile values of the standard PDF (0.25 and 1.7 mg-soil/cm2-skin, respectively) are very similar to recent U.S. EPA estimates of "average" and "upper-bound" soil adherence (0.2 and 1.0 mg-soil/cm2-skin, respectively).

Author Correction: CryoEM structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae U1 snRNP offers insight into alternative splicing.

PubMed

Li, Xueni; Liu, Shiheng; Jiang, Jiansen; Zhang, Lingdi; Espinosa, Sara; Hill, Ryan C; Hansen, Kirk C; Zhou, Z Hong; Zhao, Rui

2018-04-11

The originally published version of this Article contained several errors in Figure 2, panel a: the basepair register in SL3-4 of yeast U1 snRNA was depicted incorrectly; the basepair for A287-U295 in yeast U1 snRNA was erroneously present; basepairs for U84-G119, G309-U532, A288-U295 and U289-A294 in yeast U1 snRNA were missing; the bulging nucleotide in SL3 of human U1 snRNA was depicted as G instead of C; and the dashed boxes defining the 5' ss binding site and Sm site in both human and yeast snRNAs were not drawn accurately. These have now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Author Correction: Tropical explosive volcanic eruptions can trigger El Niño by cooling tropical Africa.

PubMed

Khodri, Myriam; Izumo, Takeshi; Vialard, Jérôme; Janicot, Serge; Cassou, Christophe; Lengaigne, Matthieu; Mignot, Juliette; Gastineau, Guillaume; Guilyardi, Eric; Lebas, Nicolas; Robock, Alan; McPhaden, Michael J

2018-02-22

The original version of this Article omitted a reference to previous work in 'Mann, M.E., Cane, M.A., Zebiak, S.E., Clement, A., Volcanic and Solar Forcing of the Tropical Pacific Over the Past 1000 Years, J. Climate 18, 447-456 (2005)'. This has been added as reference 62 at the end of the fourth sentence of the fourth paragraph of the Introduction: 'Early studies using simple coupled ocean-atmosphere models 26 proposed that following volcano-induced surface cooling, upwelling in the eastern equatorial Pacific acting on a reduced vertical temperature contrast between the ocean surface and interior leads to anomalous warming in this region, thereby favouring El Niño development the following year 12, 27, 62 .' This has been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Development and evaluation of online evidence based guideline bank system.

PubMed

Park, Myonghwa

2006-01-01

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the online evidence-based nursing practice guideline bank system to support the best evidence-based decision in the clinical and community practice settings. The main homepage consisted of seven modules for introduction of site, EBN, guideline bank, guideline development, guideline review, related sites, and community. The major contents in the guidelines were purpose, developer, intended audience, method of development, target population, testing, knowledge components, and evaluation. Electronic versions of the guidelines were displayed by XML, PDF, and PDA versions. The system usability were evaluated by general users, guideline developers, and guideline reviewers on the web and the results showed high scores of satisfaction. This online evidence-based guideline bank system could support nurses' best and cost-effective clinical decision using the sharable standardized guidelines with education module of evidence based nursing.

Hybrid finite-volume/transported PDF method for the simulation of turbulent reactive flows

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Raman, Venkatramanan

A novel computational scheme is formulated for simulating turbulent reactive flows in complex geometries with detailed chemical kinetics. A Probability Density Function (PDF) based method that handles the scalar transport equation is coupled with an existing Finite Volume (FV) Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) flow solver. The PDF formulation leads to closed chemical source terms and facilitates the use of detailed chemical mechanisms without approximations. The particle-based PDF scheme is modified to handle complex geometries and grid structures. Grid-independent particle evolution schemes that scale linearly with the problem size are implemented in the Monte-Carlo PDF solver. A novel algorithm, in situ adaptive tabulation (ISAT) is employed to ensure tractability of complex chemistry involving a multitude of species. Several non-reacting test cases are performed to ascertain the efficiency and accuracy of the method. Simulation results from a turbulent jet-diffusion flame case are compared against experimental data. The effect of micromixing model, turbulence model and reaction scheme on flame predictions are discussed extensively. Finally, the method is used to analyze the Dow Chlorination Reactor. Detailed kinetics involving 37 species and 158 reactions as well as a reduced form with 16 species and 21 reactions are used. The effect of inlet configuration on reactor behavior and product distribution is analyzed. Plant-scale reactors exhibit quenching phenomena that cannot be reproduced by conventional simulation methods. The FV-PDF method predicts quenching accurately and provides insight into the dynamics of the reactor near extinction. The accuracy of the fractional time-stepping technique in discussed in the context of apparent multiple-steady states observed in a non-premixed feed configuration of the chlorination reactor.

Retracted Publications Within Radiology Journals.

PubMed

Rosenkrantz, Andrew B

2016-02-01

The purpose of this study was to characterize trends related to retracted publications within radiology journals. PubMed was queried to identify all articles with the publication type "retracted publication" or "notification of retraction." Articles published within radiology journals were identified using Journal Citation Reports' journal categories. Available versions of original articles and publication notices were accessed from journal websites. Citations to retracted publications were identified using Web of Science. Overall trends were assessed. Forty-eight retracted original research articles were identified within radiology journals since 1983, which included 1.1% of all PubMed "retracted publication" entries. Distinct PubMed entries were available for the retracted publication and retraction notification in 39 of 48 articles. The original PDF was available for 37 articles, although the articles were not watermarked as retracted in 23 cases. In six cases with a watermarked PDF, further searches identified nonwatermarked versions. Original HTML versions were available for 13 articles but 11 were not watermarked. The mean (± SD) delay between publication and retraction was 2.7 ± 2.8 years (range, 0-16 years). The mean number of citations to retracted articles was 10.9 ± 17.1 (range, 0-94 citations). Reasons for retraction included problematic or incorrect methods or results (although it typically was unclear whether these represented honest errors or misconduct) in 33.3% of cases, complete or partial duplicate publication in 33.3% of cases, plagiarism in 14.6% of cases, a permission issue in 8.3% of cases, the publisher's error in 6.3% of cases, and no identified reason in 6.3% of cases. One or no retractions occurred annually from 1986 to 2001, although two or more retractions occurred annually in nine of the 12 years from 2002 through 2013. Retraction represents an uncommon, yet potentially increasing, issue within radiology journals that publishers have inconsistently and insufficiently addressed. Greater awareness and training in proper biomedical research conduct, as well as establishment and enforcement of standardized publishers' policies, are warranted.

Montana geoenvironmental explorer

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lee, Greg K.

2001-01-01

This report is the result of a multidisciplinary effort to assess relative potential for acidic, metal-rich drainage in the State of Montana; evaluate alternative GIS-based modeling strategies; and provide the statewide digital spatial data produced and compiled for the project. The CD is usable on various computer systems (Windows 95, 98, NT, and 2000; MacOS 7.1 or later; many versions of UNIX and Linux; and OS/2). This report and maps are in PDF format, and the data have been provided in various GIS formats. Software for viewing the report and data is included.

New Author Choice for Open Access

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2007-04-01

AGU journals now offer authors the opportunity to make their articles open for others to read for free. Authors choosing this option pay a fee based on article length and number of figures; these charges are designed to offset the potential loss of subscription income. This new option, called Author Choice, provides •Unlimited access to the article for all readers from the moment of publication. • Permission to deposit the PDF version in institutional repositories so long as the repository accepts AGU copyright permissions. • Continued copyright protection to prevent unauthorized uses of the author's work.

The Development and Validation of a Bilingual Version of the Vocabulary Size Test

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Karami, Hossein

2012-01-01

This paper reports an attempt to develop and validate a bilingual Persian version of the Vocabulary Size Test (VST). Due to the particular educational system in Iran, there is a dire need for a test that can effectively estimate English learners' vocabulary sizes. Previous research (Nguyen and Nation, 2011) has indicated that bilingual versions of…

Fact Sheets

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Optimization of a Deep Convective Cloud Technique in Evaluating the Long-Term Radiometric Stability of MODIS Reflective Solar Bands

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mu, Qiaozhen; Wu, Aisheng; Xiong, Xiaoxiong; Doelling, David R.; Angal, Amit; Chang, Tiejun; Bhatt, Rajendra

2017-01-01

MODIS reflective solar bands are calibrated on-orbit using a solar diffuser and near-monthly lunar observations. To monitor the performance and effectiveness of the on-orbit calibrations, pseudo-invariant targets such as deep convective clouds (DCCs), Libya-4, and Dome-C are used to track the long-term stability of MODIS Level 1B product. However, the current MODIS operational DCC technique (DCCT) simply uses the criteria set for the 0.65- m band. We optimize several critical DCCT parameters including the 11- micrometer IR-band Brightness Temperature (BT11) threshold for DCC identification, DCC core size and uniformity to help locate DCCs at convection centers, data collection time interval, and probability distribution function (PDF) bin increment for each channel. The mode reflectances corresponding to the PDF peaks are utilized as the DCC reflectances. Results show that the BT11 threshold and time interval are most critical for the Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) bands. The Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function model is most effective in reducing the DCC anisotropy for the visible channels. The uniformity filters and PDF bin size have minimal impacts on the visible channels and a larger impact on the SWIR bands. The newly optimized DCCT will be used for future evaluation of MODIS on-orbit calibration by MODIS Characterization Support Team.

Uncertainty propagation in orbital mechanics via tensor decomposition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Yifei; Kumar, Mrinal

2016-03-01

Uncertainty forecasting in orbital mechanics is an essential but difficult task, primarily because the underlying Fokker-Planck equation (FPE) is defined on a relatively high dimensional (6-D) state-space and is driven by the nonlinear perturbed Keplerian dynamics. In addition, an enormously large solution domain is required for numerical solution of this FPE (e.g. encompassing the entire orbit in the x-y-z subspace), of which the state probability density function (pdf) occupies a tiny fraction at any given time. This coupling of large size, high dimensionality and nonlinearity makes for a formidable computational task, and has caused the FPE for orbital uncertainty propagation to remain an unsolved problem. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this paper presents the first successful direct solution of the FPE for perturbed Keplerian mechanics. To tackle the dimensionality issue, the time-varying state pdf is approximated in the CANDECOMP/PARAFAC decomposition tensor form where all the six spatial dimensions as well as the time dimension are separated from one other. The pdf approximation for all times is obtained simultaneously via the alternating least squares algorithm. Chebyshev spectral differentiation is employed for discretization on account of its spectral ("super-fast") convergence rate. To facilitate the tensor decomposition and control the solution domain size, system dynamics is expressed using spherical coordinates in a noninertial reference frame. Numerical results obtained on a regular personal computer are compared with Monte Carlo simulations.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brown, Samuel L.; Krishnan, Retheesh; Elbaradei, Ahmed

A detailed understanding of the photoluminescence (PL) from silicon nanocrystals (SiNCs) is convoluted by the complexity of the decay mechanism, including a stretched-exponential relaxation and the presence of both nanosecond and microsecond time scales. In this publication, we analyze the microsecond PL decay of size-resolved SiNC fractions in both full-spectrum (FS) and spectrally resolved (SR) configurations, where the stretching exponent and lifetime are used to deduce a probability distribution function (PDF) of decay rates. For the PL decay measured at peak emission, we find a systematic shift and narrowing of the PDF in comparison to the FS measurements. In amore » similar fashion, we resolve the PL lifetime of the ‘blue’, ‘peak’, and ‘red’ regions of the spectrum and map PL decays of different photon energy onto their corresponding location in the PDF. Furthermore, a general trend is observed where higher and lower photon energies are correlated with shorter and longer lifetimes, respectively, which we relate to the PL line width and electron-phonon coupling.« less

Berkeley Lab - Materials Sciences Division

Science.gov Websites

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Coulomb Mechanics And Landscape Geometry Explain Landslide Size Distribution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jeandet, L.; Steer, P.; Lague, D.; Davy, P.

2017-12-01

It is generally observed that the dimensions of large bedrock landslides follow power-law scaling relationships. In particular, the non-cumulative frequency distribution (PDF) of bedrock landslide area is well characterized by a negative power-law above a critical size, with an exponent 2.4. However, the respective role of bedrock mechanical properties, landscape shape and triggering mechanisms on the scaling properties of landslide dimensions are still poorly understood. Yet, unravelling the factors that control this distribution is required to better estimate the total volume of landslides triggered by large earthquakes or storms. To tackle this issue, we develop a simple probabilistic 1D approach to compute the PDF of rupture depths in a given landscape. The model is applied to randomly sampled points along hillslopes of studied digital elevation models. At each point location, the model determines the range of depth and angle leading to unstable rupture planes, by applying a simple Mohr-Coulomb rupture criterion only to the rupture planes that intersect downhill surface topography. This model therefore accounts for both rock mechanical properties, friction and cohesion, and landscape shape. We show that this model leads to realistic landslide depth distribution, with a power-law arising when the number of samples is high enough. The modeled PDF of landslide size obtained for several landscapes match the ones from earthquakes-driven landslides catalogues for the same landscape. In turn, this allows us to invert landslide effective mechanical parameters, friction and cohesion, associated to those specific events, including Chi-Chi, Wenchuan, Niigata and Gorkha earthquakes. The cohesion and friction ranges (25-35 degrees and 5-20 kPa) are in good agreement with previously inverted values. Our results demonstrate that reduced complexity mechanics is efficient to model the distribution of unstable depths, and show the role of landscape variability in landslide size distribution.

Author Correction: North Atlantic variability and its links to European climate over the last 3000 years.

PubMed

Moffa-Sánchez, Paola; Hall, Ian R

2018-02-15

In the original version of this Article, the third sentence of the first paragraph of the "Changes in the input of polar waters into the Labrador Sea" section of the Results originally incorrectly read 'During the spring-summer months, after the winter convection has ceased in the Labrador Sea, its northwest boundary currents (the EGC and IC) support restratification of the surface ocean through lateral transport.' The correct version states 'northeast' instead of 'northwest'. The fifth sentence of the second paragraph of the same section originally incorrectly read "In contrast, in the western section of the Nordic Seas, under the presence of warm Atlantic waters of the Norwegian Current, Nps was found to calcify deeper in the water column (100-200 m), whereas in the east under the influence of the EGC polar waters it calcified closer to the surface at a similar depth as Tq 23 ." The correct version states 'eastern' instead of 'western' and 'west' instead of 'east'.The seventh sentence of the same paragraph originally incorrectly read "Small/large differences in Δδ 18 O Nps-Tq indicating increased/decreased presence of warm and salty Atlantic IC waters vs. polar EGC waters in the upper water column, respectively." The correct version starts 'Large/small' rather than 'Small/large'.These errors have been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Probability Density Functions of Observed Rainfall in Montana

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Larsen, Scott D.; Johnson, L. Ronald; Smith, Paul L.

1995-01-01

The question of whether a rain rate probability density function (PDF) can vary uniformly between precipitation events is examined. Image analysis on large samples of radar echoes is possible because of advances in technology. The data provided by such an analysis easily allow development of radar reflectivity factors (and by extension rain rate) distribution. Finding a PDF becomes a matter of finding a function that describes the curve approximating the resulting distributions. Ideally, one PDF would exist for all cases; or many PDF's that have the same functional form with only systematic variations in parameters (such as size or shape) exist. Satisfying either of theses cases will, validate the theoretical basis of the Area Time Integral (ATI). Using the method of moments and Elderton's curve selection criteria, the Pearson Type 1 equation was identified as a potential fit for 89 percent of the observed distributions. Further analysis indicates that the Type 1 curve does approximate the shape of the distributions but quantitatively does not produce a great fit. Using the method of moments and Elderton's curve selection criteria, the Pearson Type 1 equation was identified as a potential fit for 89% of the observed distributions. Further analysis indicates that the Type 1 curve does approximate the shape of the distributions but quantitatively does not produce a great fit.

Automotive Research Center

Science.gov Websites

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ACHP | Case Digest - Protecting Historic Properties: Section 106 in Action

Science.gov Websites

Digest index. Previous issues: Summer 2012 (PDF) Spring 2012 (PDF) Winter 2012 (PDF) Fall 2011 (PDF ) Summer 2011 (PDF) Spring 2011 (PDF) Winter 2011 (PDF) Fall 2010 (PDF) Summer 2010 (PDF) Winter 2010 (PDF ) Fall 2009 (PDF) Summer 2009 (PDF) Spring 2009 (PDF) Winter 2009 (PDF) Fall 2008 (PDF) Summer 2008 (PDF

Open access for the non-English-speaking world: overcoming the language barrier

PubMed Central

Fung, Isaac CH

2008-01-01

This editorial highlights the problem of language barrier in scientific communication in spite of the recent success of Open Access Movement. Four options for English-language journals to overcome the language barrier are suggested: 1) abstracts in alternative languages provided by authors, 2) Wiki open translation, 3) international board of translator-editors, and 4) alternative language version of the journal. The Emerging Themes in Epidemiology announces that with immediate effect, it will accept translations of abstracts or full texts by authors as Additional files. Editorial note: In an effort towards overcoming the language barrier in scientific publication, ETE will accept translations of abstracts or the full text of published articles. Each translation should be submitted separately as an Additional File in PDF format. ETE will only peer review English-language versions. Therefore, translations will not be scrutinized in the review-process and the responsibility for accurate translation rests with the authors. PMID:18173854

Airframe integrity based on Bayesian approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hurtado Cahuao, Jose Luis

Aircraft aging has become an immense challenge in terms of ensuring the safety of the fleet while controlling life cycle costs. One of the major concerns in aircraft structures is the development of fatigue cracks in the fastener holes. A probabilistic-based method has been proposed to manage this problem. In this research, the Bayes' theorem is used to assess airframe integrity by updating generic data with airframe inspection data while such data are compiled. This research discusses the methodology developed for assessment of loss of airframe integrity due to fatigue cracking in the fastener holes of an aging platform. The methodology requires a probability density function (pdf) at the end of SAFE life. Subsequently, a crack growth regime begins. As the Bayesian analysis requires information of a prior initial crack size pdf, such a pdf is assumed and verified to be lognormally distributed. The prior distribution of crack size as cracks grow is modeled through a combined Inverse Power Law (IPL) model and lognormal relationships. The first set of inspections is used as the evidence for updating the crack size distribution at the various stages of aircraft life. Moreover, the materials used in the structural part of the aircrafts have variations in their properties due to their calibration errors and machine alignment. A Matlab routine (PCGROW) is developed to calculate the crack distribution growth through three different crack growth models. As the first step, the material properties and the initial crack size are sampled. A standard Monte Carlo simulation is employed for this sampling process. At the corresponding aircraft age, the crack observed during the inspections, is used to update the crack size distribution and proceed in time. After the updating, it is possible to estimate the probability of structural failure as a function of flight hours for a given aircraft in the future. The results show very accurate and useful values related to the reliability and integrity of airframes in aging aircrafts. Inspection data shown in this dissertation are not the actual data from known aircrafts and are only used to demonstrate the methodologies.

An information-theoretical perspective on weighted ensemble forecasts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weijs, Steven V.; van de Giesen, Nick

2013-08-01

This paper presents an information-theoretical method for weighting ensemble forecasts with new information. Weighted ensemble forecasts can be used to adjust the distribution that an existing ensemble of time series represents, without modifying the values in the ensemble itself. The weighting can, for example, add new seasonal forecast information in an existing ensemble of historically measured time series that represents climatic uncertainty. A recent article in this journal compared several methods to determine the weights for the ensemble members and introduced the pdf-ratio method. In this article, a new method, the minimum relative entropy update (MRE-update), is presented. Based on the principle of minimum discrimination information, an extension of the principle of maximum entropy (POME), the method ensures that no more information is added to the ensemble than is present in the forecast. This is achieved by minimizing relative entropy, with the forecast information imposed as constraints. From this same perspective, an information-theoretical view on the various weighting methods is presented. The MRE-update is compared with the existing methods and the parallels with the pdf-ratio method are analysed. The paper provides a new, information-theoretical justification for one version of the pdf-ratio method that turns out to be equivalent to the MRE-update. All other methods result in sets of ensemble weights that, seen from the information-theoretical perspective, add either too little or too much (i.e. fictitious) information to the ensemble.

LSPRAY-IV: A Lagrangian Spray Module

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Raju, M. S.

2012-01-01

LSPRAY-IV is a Lagrangian spray solver developed for application with parallel computing and unstructured grids. It is designed to be massively parallel and could easily be coupled with any existing gas-phase flow and/or Monte Carlo Probability Density Function (PDF) solvers. The solver accommodates the use of an unstructured mesh with mixed elements of either triangular, quadrilateral, and/or tetrahedral type for the gas flow grid representation. It is mainly designed to predict the flow, thermal and transport properties of a rapidly vaporizing spray. Some important research areas covered as a part of the code development are: (1) the extension of combined CFD/scalar-Monte- Carlo-PDF method to spray modeling, (2) the multi-component liquid spray modeling, and (3) the assessment of various atomization models used in spray calculations. The current version contains the extension to the modeling of superheated sprays. The manual provides the user with an understanding of various models involved in the spray formulation, its code structure and solution algorithm, and various other issues related to parallelization and its coupling with other solvers.

Evaluating Data Abstraction Assistant, a novel software application for data abstraction during systematic reviews: protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Saldanha, Ian J; Schmid, Christopher H; Lau, Joseph; Dickersin, Kay; Berlin, Jesse A; Jap, Jens; Smith, Bryant T; Carini, Simona; Chan, Wiley; De Bruijn, Berry; Wallace, Byron C; Hutfless, Susan M; Sim, Ida; Murad, M Hassan; Walsh, Sandra A; Whamond, Elizabeth J; Li, Tianjing

2016-11-22

Data abstraction, a critical systematic review step, is time-consuming and prone to errors. Current standards for approaches to data abstraction rest on a weak evidence base. We developed the Data Abstraction Assistant (DAA), a novel software application designed to facilitate the abstraction process by allowing users to (1) view study article PDFs juxtaposed to electronic data abstraction forms linked to a data abstraction system, (2) highlight (or "pin") the location of the text in the PDF, and (3) copy relevant text from the PDF into the form. We describe the design of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) that compares the relative effectiveness of (A) DAA-facilitated single abstraction plus verification by a second person, (B) traditional (non-DAA-facilitated) single abstraction plus verification by a second person, and (C) traditional independent dual abstraction plus adjudication to ascertain the accuracy and efficiency of abstraction. This is an online, randomized, three-arm, crossover trial. We will enroll 24 pairs of abstractors (i.e., sample size is 48 participants), each pair comprising one less and one more experienced abstractor. Pairs will be randomized to abstract data from six articles, two under each of the three approaches. Abstractors will complete pre-tested data abstraction forms using the Systematic Review Data Repository (SRDR), an online data abstraction system. The primary outcomes are (1) proportion of data items abstracted that constitute an error (compared with an answer key) and (2) total time taken to complete abstraction (by two abstractors in the pair, including verification and/or adjudication). The DAA trial uses a practical design to test a novel software application as a tool to help improve the accuracy and efficiency of the data abstraction process during systematic reviews. Findings from the DAA trial will provide much-needed evidence to strengthen current recommendations for data abstraction approaches. The trial is registered at National Information Center on Health Services Research and Health Care Technology (NICHSR) under Registration # HSRP20152269: https://wwwcf.nlm.nih.gov/hsr_project/view_hsrproj_record.cfm?NLMUNIQUE_ID=20152269&SEARCH_FOR=Tianjing%20Li . All items from the World Health Organization Trial Registration Data Set are covered at various locations in this protocol. Protocol version and date: This is version 2.0 of the protocol, dated September 6, 2016. As needed, we will communicate any protocol amendments to the Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (JHBSPH) and Brown University. We also will make appropriate as-needed modifications to the NICHSR website in a timely fashion.

Uncertainty Quantification of Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity in CCSM4

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Covey, C. C.; Lucas, D. D.; Tannahill, J.; Klein, R.

2013-12-01

Uncertainty in the global mean equilibrium surface warming due to doubled atmospheric CO2, as computed by a "slab ocean" configuration of the Community Climate System Model version 4 (CCSM4), is quantified using 1,039 perturbed-input-parameter simulations. The slab ocean configuration reduces the model's e-folding time when approaching an equilibrium state to ~5 years. This time is much less than for the full ocean configuration, consistent with the shallow depth of the upper well-mixed layer of the ocean represented by the "slab." Adoption of the slab ocean configuration requires the assumption of preset values for the convergence of ocean heat transport beneath the upper well-mixed layer. A standard procedure for choosing these values maximizes agreement with the full ocean version's simulation of the present-day climate when input parameters assume their default values. For each new set of input parameter values, we computed the change in ocean heat transport implied by a "Phase 1" model run in which sea surface temperatures and sea ice concentrations were set equal to present-day values. The resulting total ocean heat transport (= standard value + change implied by Phase 1 run) was then input into "Phase 2" slab ocean runs with varying values of atmospheric CO2. Our uncertainty estimate is based on Latin Hypercube sampling over expert-provided uncertainty ranges of N = 36 adjustable parameters in the atmosphere (CAM4) and sea ice (CICE4) components of CCSM4. Two-dimensional projections of our sampling distribution for the N(N-1)/2 possible pairs of input parameters indicate full coverage of the N-dimensional parameter space, including edges. We used a machine learning-based support vector regression (SVR) statistical model to estimate the probability density function (PDF) of equilibrium warming. This fitting procedure produces a PDF that is qualitatively consistent with the raw histogram of our CCSM4 results. Most of the values from the SVR statistical model are within ~0.1 K of the raw results, well below the inter-decile range inferred below. Independent validation of the fit indicates residual errors that are distributed about zero with a standard deviation of 0.17 K. Analysis of variance shows that the equilibrium warming in CCSM4 is mainly linear in parameter changes. Thus, in accord with the Central Limit Theorem of statistics, the PDF of the warming is approximately Gaussian, i.e. symmetric about its mean value (3.0 K). Since SVR allows for highly nonlinear fits, the symmetry is not an artifact of the fitting procedure. The 10-90 percentile range of the PDF is 2.6-3.4 K, consistent with earlier estimates from CCSM4 but narrower than estimates from other models, which sometimes produce a high-temperature asymmetric tail in the PDF. This work was performed under auspices of the US Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344, and was funded by LLNL's Uncertainty Quantification Strategic Initiative (Laboratory Directed Research and Development Project 10-SI-013).

2MASS wide-field extinction maps. V. Corona Australis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alves, João; Lombardi, Marco; Lada, Charles J.

2014-05-01

We present a near-infrared extinction map of a large region (~870 deg2) covering the isolated Corona Australis complex of molecular clouds. We reach a 1-σ error of 0.02 mag in the K-band extinction with a resolution of 3 arcmin over the entire map. We find that the Corona Australis cloud is about three times as large as revealed by previous CO and dust emission surveys. The cloud consists of a 45 pc long complex of filamentary structure from the well known star forming Western-end (the head, N ≥ 1023 cm-2) to the diffuse Eastern-end (the tail, N ≤ 1021 cm-2). Remarkably, about two thirds of the complex both in size and mass lie beneath AV ~ 1 mag. We find that the probability density function (PDF) of the cloud cannot be described by a single log-normal function. Similar to prior studies, we found a significant excess at high column densities, but a log-normal + power-law tail fit does not work well at low column densities. We show that at low column densities near the peak of the observed PDF, both the amplitude and shape of the PDF are dominated by noise in the extinction measurements making it impractical to derive the intrinsic cloud PDF below AK < 0.15 mag. Above AK ~ 0.15 mag, essentially the molecular component of the cloud, the PDF appears to be best described by a power-law with index -3, but could also described as the tail of a broad and relatively low amplitude, log-normal PDF that peaks at very low column densities. FITS files of the extinction maps are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/565/A18

Stochastic approach to plasticity and yield in amorphous solids.

PubMed

Hentschel, H G E; Jaiswal, Prabhat K; Procaccia, Itamar; Sastry, Srikanth

2015-12-01

We focus on the probability distribution function (PDF) P(Δγ;γ) where Δγ are the measured strain intervals between plastic events in a athermal strained amorphous solids, and γ measures the accumulated strain. The tail of this distribution as Δγ→0 (in the thermodynamic limit) scales like Δγ(η). The exponent η is related via scaling relations to the tail of the PDF of the eigenvalues of the plastic modes of the Hessian matrix P(λ) which scales like λ(θ), η=(θ-1)/2. The numerical values of η or θ can be determined easily in the unstrained material and in the yielded state of plastic flow. Special care is called for in the determination of these exponents between these states as γ increases. Determining the γ dependence of the PDF P(Δγ;γ) can shed important light on plasticity and yield. We conclude that the PDF's of both Δγ and λ are not continuous functions of γ. In slowly quenched amorphous solids they undergo two discontinuous transitions, first at γ=0(+) and then at the yield point γ=γ(Y) to plastic flow. In quickly quenched amorphous solids the second transition is smeared out due to the nonexisting stress peak before yield. The nature of these transitions and scaling relations with the system size dependence of 〈Δγ〉 are discussed.

A Discrete Probability Function Method for the Equation of Radiative Transfer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sivathanu, Y. R.; Gore, J. P.

1993-01-01

A discrete probability function (DPF) method for the equation of radiative transfer is derived. The DPF is defined as the integral of the probability density function (PDF) over a discrete interval. The derivation allows the evaluation of the PDF of intensities leaving desired radiation paths including turbulence-radiation interactions without the use of computer intensive stochastic methods. The DPF method has a distinct advantage over conventional PDF methods since the creation of a partial differential equation from the equation of transfer is avoided. Further, convergence of all moments of intensity is guaranteed at the basic level of simulation unlike the stochastic method where the number of realizations for convergence of higher order moments increases rapidly. The DPF method is described for a representative path with approximately integral-length scale-sized spatial discretization. The results show good agreement with measurements in a propylene/air flame except for the effects of intermittency resulting from highly correlated realizations. The method can be extended to the treatment of spatial correlations as described in the Appendix. However, information regarding spatial correlations in turbulent flames is needed prior to the execution of this extension.

Scaling analysis of Anderson localizing optical fibers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abaie, Behnam; Mafi, Arash

2017-02-01

Anderson localizing optical fibers (ALOF) enable a novel optical waveguiding mechanism; if a narrow beam is scanned across the input facet of the disordered fiber, the output beam follows the transverse position of the incoming wave. Strong transverse disorder induces several localized modes uniformly spread across the transverse structure of the fiber. Each localized mode acts like a transmission channel which carries a narrow input beam along the fiber without transverse expansion. Here, we investigate scaling of transverse size of the localized modes of ALOF with respect to transverse dimensions of the fiber. Probability density function (PDF) of the mode-area is applied and it is shown that PDF converges to a terminal shape at transverse dimensions considerably smaller than the previous experimental implementations. Our analysis turns the formidable numerical task of ALOF simulations into a much simpler problem, because the convergence of mode-area PDF to a terminal shape indicates that a much smaller disordered fiber, compared to previous numerical and experimental implementations, provides all the statistical information required for the precise analysis of the fiber.

[Development of a current version of a software application for research and practice in human nutrition (GRUNUMUR 2.0)].

PubMed

Pérez-Llamas, F; Garaulet, M; Torralba, C; Zamora, S

2012-01-01

The aim of this paper is the description of a new version of the software application GRUNUMUR, a useful tool for human nutrition studies designed by the Nutrition Research Group from the Murcia University. Similar to the first, this second version offers the possibility to address different types of study: dietary habits (24 h recall, 7-days dietary record and Food Frequency Questionnaire), epidemiological, anthropometrical and clinical studies. The new version, called GRUNUMUR 2.0, compatible with the first one, has an online help system for all functions of the application, providing the user tasks, allows safe storage of a virtually unlimited number of results, in an orderly and organized way, you can retrieve it when required, through a system of backups and scheduled maintenance and unattended (tasks performed by a server), another advantage is its total accessibility, both from the university intranet (www.um.es) and from the internet, it works via Web Browser (http://senver.inf.um.es/esen), and finally, allows data to be exported to Excel for further processing with other applications as well as publishing reports in PDF, to deliver study participants if necessary. The new version has been validated by comparing the extracted results with those obtained from the other software with no significant differences for any of the variables analyzed. The application GRUNUMUR 2.0 is a tool improved, useful and reliable for addressing human nutrition studies.

Predictions for Sivers single spin asymmetries in one- and two-hadron electroproduction at CLAS12 and EIC

DOE PAGES

Matevosyan, Hrayr H.; Kotzinian, Aram; Aschenauer, Elke -Caroline; ...

2015-09-23

The study of the Sivers effect, describing correlations between the transverse polarization of the nucleon and its constituent (unpolarized) parton's transverse momentum, has been the topic of a great deal of experimental, phenomenological and theoretical effort in recent years. Semi-Inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering measurements of the corresponding single spin asymmetries (SSA) at the upcoming CLAS12 experiment at JLab and the proposed Electron-Ion Collider will help to pinpoint the flavor structure and the momentum dependence of the Sivers parton distribution function describing this effect. Here we describe a modified version of themore » $$\\tt{PYTHIA}$$ Monte Carlo event generator that includes the Sivers effect. Then we use it to estimate the size of these SSAs, in the kinematics of these experiments, for both one and two hadron final states of pions and kaons. For this purpose we utilize the existing Sivers parton distribution function (PDF) parametrization extracted from HERMES and COMPASS experiments. Furthermore, we also show that the the leading order approximation commonly used in such extractions provides significantly underestimated values of Sivers PDFs, as the omitted parton showers and non-DIS processes play an important role in these SSAs at lower light-cone momentum fraction, for example in the COMPASS kinematics.« less

Dielectric spectroscopy of Dy2O3 doped (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 piezoelectric ceramics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mahesh, P.; Subhash, T.; Pamu, D.

2014-06-01

We report the dielectric properties of ( K 0.5 Na 0.5 ) NbO 3 ceramics doped with x wt% of Dy 2 O 3 (x= 0.0-1.5 wt%) using the broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction studies showed the formation of perovskite structure signifying that Dy 2 O 3 diffuse into the KNN lattice. Samples doped with x > 0.5 wt% exhibit smaller grain size and lower relative densities. The dielectric properties of KNN ceramics doped with Dy 2 O 3 are enhanced by increasing the Dy 3+ content; among the compositions studied, x = 0.5 wt% exhibited the highest dielectric constant and lowest loss at 1MHz over the temperature range of 30°C to 400°C. All the samples exhibit maximum dielectric constant at the Curie temperature (˜ 326°C) and a small peak in the dielectric constant at around 165°C is due to a structural phase transition. At the request of all authors, and by agreement with the Proceedings Editors, a corrected version of this article was published on 19 June 2014. The full text of the Corrigendum is attached to the corrected article PDF file.

The path to CAM6: coupled simulations with CAM5.4 and CAM5.5

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bogenschutz, Peter A.; Gettelman, Andrew; Hannay, Cecile; Larson, Vincent E.; Neale, Richard B.; Craig, Cheryl; Chen, Chih-Chieh

2018-01-01

This paper documents coupled simulations of two developmental versions of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) towards CAM6. The configuration called CAM5.4 introduces new microphysics, aerosol, and ice nucleation changes, among others to CAM. The CAM5.5 configuration represents a more radical departure, as it uses an assumed probability density function (PDF)-based unified cloud parameterization to replace the turbulence, shallow convection, and warm cloud macrophysics in CAM. This assumed PDF method has been widely used in the last decade in atmosphere-only climate simulations but has never been documented in coupled mode. Here, we compare the simulated coupled climates of CAM5.4 and CAM5.5 and compare them to the control coupled simulation produced by CAM5.3. We find that CAM5.5 has lower cloud forcing biases when compared to the control simulations. Improvements are also seen in the simulated amplitude of the Niño-3.4 index, an improved representation of the diurnal cycle of precipitation, subtropical surface wind stresses, and double Intertropical Convergence Zone biases. Degradations are seen in Amazon precipitation as well as slightly colder sea surface temperatures and thinner Arctic sea ice. Simulation of the 20th century results in a credible simulation that ends slightly colder than the control coupled simulation. The authors find this is due to aerosol indirect effects that are slightly stronger in the new version of the model and propose a solution to ameliorate this. Overall, in these early coupled simulations, CAM5.5 produces a credible climate that is appropriate for science applications and is ready for integration into the National Center for Atmospheric Research's (NCAR's) next-generation climate model.

Preliminary geologic map of the Perris 7.5' quadrangle, Riverside County, California

USGS Publications Warehouse

Morton, Douglas M.; Digital preparation by Bovard, Kelly R.; Alvarez, Rachel M.

2003-01-01

Open-File Report 03-270 contains a digital geologic map database of the Perris 7.5’ quadrangle, Riverside County, California that includes: 1. ARC/INFO (Environmental Systems Research Institute, http://www.esri.com) version 7.2.1 coverages of the various elements of the geologic map. 2. A Postscript file to plot the geologic map on a topographic base, and containing a Correlation of Map Units diagram (CMU), a Description of Map Units (DMU), and an index map. 3. Portable Document Format (.pdf) files of: a. A Readme file b. The same graphic as described in 2 above. Test plots have not produced precise 1:24,000- scale map sheets. Adobe Acrobat page size setting influences map scale. The Correlation of Map Units and Description of Map Units is in the editorial format of USGS Geologic Investigations Series (I-series) maps but has not been edited to comply with I-map standards. Within the geologic map data package, map units are identified by standard geologic map criteria such as formationname, age, and lithology. Where known, grain size is indicated on the map by a subscripted letter or letters following the unit symbols as follows: lg, large boulders; b, boulder; g, gravel; a, arenaceous; s, silt; c, clay; e.g. Qyfa is a predominantly young alluvial fan deposit that is arenaceous. Multiple letters are used for more specific identification or for mixed units, e.g., Qfysa is a silty sand. In some cases, mixed units are indicated by a compound symbol; e.g., Qyf2sc.

Climatological characteristics of raindrop size distributions within a topographically complex area

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suh, S.-H.; You, C.-H.; Lee, D.-I.

2015-04-01

Raindrop size distribution (DSD) characteristics within the complex area of Busan, Korea (35.12° N, 129.10° E) were studied using a Precipitation Occurrence Sensor System (POSS) disdrometer over a four-year period from 24 February 2001 to 24 December 2004. Average DSD parameters in Busan, a mid-latitude site, were compared with corresponding parameters recorded in the high-latitude site of Järvenpää, Finland. Mean values of median drop diameter (D0) and the shape parameter (μ) in Busan are smaller than those in Järvenpää, whereas the mean normalized intercept parameter (Nw) and rainfall rate (R) are higher in Busan. To analyze the climatological DSD characteristics in more detail, the entire period of recorded rainfall was divided into 10 categories with different temporal and spatial scales. When only convective rainfall was considered, mean Dm and Nw values for all these categories converged around a maritime cluster, except for rainfall associated with typhoons. The convective rainfall of a typhoon showed much smaller Dm and larger Nw compared with the other rainfall categories. In terms of diurnal DSD variability, we observe maritime (continental) precipitation during the daytime (DT) (nighttime, NT), which likely results from sea (land) breeze identified through wind direction analysis. These features also appeared in the seasonal diurnal distribution. The DT and NT Probability Density Function (PDF) during the summer was similar to the PDF of the entire study period. However, the DT and NT PDF during the winter season displayed an inverse distribution due to seasonal differences in wind direction.

On the road to metallic nanoparticles by rational design: bridging the gap between atomic-level theoretical modeling and reality by total scattering experiments.

PubMed

Prasai, Binay; Wilson, A R; Wiley, B J; Ren, Y; Petkov, Valeri

2015-11-14

The extent to which current theoretical modeling alone can reveal real-world metallic nanoparticles (NPs) at the atomic level was scrutinized and demonstrated to be insufficient and how it can be improved by using a pragmatic approach involving straightforward experiments is shown. In particular, 4 to 6 nm in size silica supported Au(100-x)Pd(x) (x = 30, 46 and 58) explored for catalytic applications is characterized structurally by total scattering experiments including high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) coupled to atomic pair distribution function (PDF) analysis. Atomic-level models for the NPs are built by molecular dynamics simulations based on the archetypal for current theoretical modeling Sutton-Chen (SC) method. Models are matched against independent experimental data and are demonstrated to be inaccurate unless their theoretical foundation, i.e. the SC method, is supplemented with basic yet crucial information on the length and strength of metal-to-metal bonds and, when necessary, structural disorder in the actual NPs studied. An atomic PDF-based approach for accessing such information and implementing it in theoretical modeling is put forward. For completeness, the approach is concisely demonstrated on 15 nm in size water-dispersed Au particles explored for bio-medical applications and 16 nm in size hexane-dispersed Fe48Pd52 particles explored for magnetic applications as well. It is argued that when "tuned up" against experiments relevant to metals and alloys confined to nanoscale dimensions, such as total scattering coupled to atomic PDF analysis, rather than by mere intuition and/or against data for the respective solids, atomic-level theoretical modeling can provide a sound understanding of the synthesis-structure-property relationships in real-world metallic NPs. Ultimately this can help advance nanoscience and technology a step closer to producing metallic NPs by rational design.

Mars Global Digital Dune Database: MC2-MC29

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hayward, Rosalyn K.; Mullins, Kevin F.; Fenton, L.K.; Hare, T.M.; Titus, T.N.; Bourke, M.C.; Colaprete, Anthony; Christensen, P.R.

2007-01-01

Introduction The Mars Global Digital Dune Database presents data and describes the methodology used in creating the database. The database provides a comprehensive and quantitative view of the geographic distribution of moderate- to large-size dune fields from 65? N to 65? S latitude and encompasses ~ 550 dune fields. The database will be expanded to cover the entire planet in later versions. Although we have attempted to include all dune fields between 65? N and 65? S, some have likely been excluded for two reasons: 1) incomplete THEMIS IR (daytime) coverage may have caused us to exclude some moderate- to large-size dune fields or 2) resolution of THEMIS IR coverage (100m/pixel) certainly caused us to exclude smaller dune fields. The smallest dune fields in the database are ~ 1 km2 in area. While the moderate to large dune fields are likely to constitute the largest compilation of sediment on the planet, smaller stores of sediment of dunes are likely to be found elsewhere via higher resolution data. Thus, it should be noted that our database excludes all small dune fields and some moderate to large dune fields as well. Therefore the absence of mapped dune fields does not mean that such dune fields do not exist and is not intended to imply a lack of saltating sand in other areas. Where availability and quality of THEMIS visible (VIS) or Mars Orbiter Camera narrow angle (MOC NA) images allowed, we classifed dunes and included dune slipface measurements, which were derived from gross dune morphology and represent the prevailing wind direction at the last time of significant dune modification. For dunes located within craters, the azimuth from crater centroid to dune field centroid was calculated. Output from a general circulation model (GCM) is also included. In addition to polygons locating dune fields, the database includes over 1800 selected Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) infrared (IR), THEMIS visible (VIS) and Mars Orbiter Camera Narrow Angle (MOC NA) images that were used to build the database. The database is presented in a variety of formats. It is presented as a series of ArcReader projects which can be opened using the free ArcReader software. The latest version of ArcReader can be downloaded at http://www.esri.com/software/arcgis/arcreader/download.html. The database is also presented in ArcMap projects. The ArcMap projects allow fuller use of the data, but require ESRI ArcMap? software. Multiple projects were required to accommodate the large number of images needed. A fuller description of the projects can be found in the Dunes_ReadMe file and the ReadMe_GIS file in the Documentation folder. For users who prefer to create their own projects, the data is available in ESRI shapefile and geodatabase formats, as well as the open Geographic Markup Language (GML) format. A printable map of the dunes and craters in the database is available as a Portable Document Format (PDF) document. The map is also included as a JPEG file. ReadMe files are available in PDF and ASCII (.txt) files. Tables are available in both Excel (.xls) and ASCII formats.

A statistical study of gyro-averaging effects in a reduced model of drift-wave transport

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fonseca, Julio; Del-Castillo-Negrete, Diego B.; Sokolov, Igor M.

2016-08-25

Here, a statistical study of finite Larmor radius (FLR) effects on transport driven by electrostatic driftwaves is presented. The study is based on a reduced discrete Hamiltonian dynamical system known as the gyro-averaged standard map (GSM). In this system, FLR effects are incorporated through the gyro-averaging of a simplified weak-turbulence model of electrostatic fluctuations. Formally, the GSM is a modified version of the standard map in which the perturbation amplitude, K 0, becomes K 0J 0(more » $$\\hat{p}$$), where J 0 is the zeroth-order Bessel function and $$\\hat{p}$$ s the Larmor radius. Assuming a Maxwellian probability density function (pdf) for $$\\hat{p}$$ , we compute analytically and numerically the pdf and the cumulative distribution function of the effective drift-wave perturba- tion amplitude K 0J 0($$\\hat{p}$$). Using these results, we compute the probability of loss of confinement (i.e., global chaos), P c provides an upper bound for the escape rate, and that P t rovides a good estimate of the particle trapping rate. Lastly. the analytical results are compared with direct numerical Monte-Carlo simulations of particle transport.« less

Correction to: The effect of cationically-modified phosphorylcholine polymers on human osteoblasts in vitro and their effect on bone formation in vivo.

PubMed

Lawton, Jonathan M; Habib, Mariam; Ma, Bingkui; Brooks, Roger A; Best, Serena M; Lewis, Andrew L; Rushton, Neil; Bonfield, William

2018-02-22

The article "The effect of cationically modified phosphorylcholine polymers on human osteoblasts in vitro and their effect on bone formation in vivo", written by Jonathan M. Lawton, Mariam Habib, Bingkui Ma, Roger A. Brooks, Serena M. Best, Andrew L. Lewis, Neil Rushton and William Bonfield, was originally published Online First without open access. After publication in volume 28, issue 9, page 144 it was noticed that the copyright was wrong in the PDF version of the article. The copyright of the article should read as " © The Author(s) 2017".

Correction to: Risk of Adverse Outcomes for Older People with Dementia Prescribed Antipsychotic Medication: A Population Based e-Cohort Study.

PubMed

Dennis, Michael; Shine, Laura; John, Ann; Marchant, Amanda; McGregor, Joanna; Lyons, Ronan A; Brophy, Sinead

2018-06-01

This article was originally published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0), but has now been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The PDF and HTML versions of the paper have been modified accordingly.

HELAC-PHEGAS: A generator for all parton level processes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cafarella, Alessandro; Papadopoulos, Costas G.; Worek, Malgorzata

2009-10-01

The updated version of the HELAC-PHEGAS event generator is presented. The matrix elements are calculated through Dyson-Schwinger recursive equations using color connection representation. Phase-space generation is based on a multichannel approach, including optimization. HELAC-PHEGAS generates parton level events with all necessary information, in the most recent Les Houches Accord format, for the study of any process within the Standard Model in hadron and lepton colliders. New version program summaryProgram title: HELAC-PHEGAS Catalogue identifier: ADMS_v2_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/ADMS_v2_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 35 986 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 380 214 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Fortran Computer: All Operating system: Linux Classification: 11.1, 11.2 External routines: Optionally Les Houches Accord (LHA) PDF Interface library ( http://projects.hepforge.org/lhapdf/) Catalogue identifier of previous version: ADMS_v1_0 Journal reference of previous version: Comput. Phys. Comm. 132 (2000) 306 Does the new version supersede the previous version?: Yes, partly Nature of problem: One of the most striking features of final states in current and future colliders is the large number of events with several jets. Being able to predict their features is essential. To achieve this, the calculations need to describe as accurately as possible the full matrix elements for the underlying hard processes. Even at leading order, perturbation theory based on Feynman graphs runs into computational problems, since the number of graphs contributing to the amplitude grows as n!. Solution method: Recursive algorithms based on Dyson-Schwinger equations have been developed recently in order to overcome the computational obstacles. The calculation of the amplitude, using Dyson-Schwinger recursive equations, results in a computational cost growing asymptotically as 3 n, where n is the number of particles involved in the process. Off-shell subamplitudes are introduced, for which a recursion relation has been obtained allowing to express an n-particle amplitude in terms of subamplitudes, with 1-, 2-, … up to (n-1) particles. The color connection representation is used in order to treat amplitudes involving colored particles. In the present version HELAC-PHEGAS can be used to efficiently obtain helicity amplitudes, total cross sections, parton-level event samples in LHA format, for arbitrary multiparticle processes in the Standard Model in leptonic, pp¯ and pp collisions. Reasons for new version: Substantial improvements, major functionality upgrade. Summary of revisions: Color connection representation, efficient integration over PDF via the PARNI algorithm, interface to LHAPDF, parton level events generated in the most recent LHA format, k reweighting for Parton Shower matching, numerical predictions for amplitudes for arbitrary processes for phase-space points provided by the user, new user interface and the possibility to run over computer clusters. Running time: Depending on the process studied. Usually from seconds to hours. References:A. Kanaki, C.G. Papadopoulos, Comput. Phys. Comm. 132 (2000) 306. C.G. Papadopoulos, Comput. Phys. Comm. 137 (2001) 247. URL: http://www.cern.ch/helac-phegas.

Author Correction: Floats with bio-optical sensors reveal what processes trigger the North Atlantic bloom.

PubMed

Mignot, A; Ferrari, R; Claustre, H

2018-05-04

In the original version of this Article, the data accession https://doi.org/10.17882/42182 was omitted from the Data Availability statement.In the first paragraph of the Methods subsection entitled 'Float data processing', the WET Labs ECO-triplet fluorometer was incorrectly referred to as 'WETLabs ECO PUK'. In the final paragraph of this subsection, the WET Labs ECO-series fluorometer was incorrectly referred to as 'WETLabs 413 ECO-series'.In the Methods subsection 'Float estimates of phytoplankton carbon biomass', the average particulate organic carbon-bbp ratio of 37,537 mgC m -2 was incorrectly given as 37,357 mgC m -2 .In the second paragraph of the Methods subsection 'Float estimates of population division rates', the symbol for Celsius (C) was omitted from the phrase 'a 10°C increase in temperature'.These errors have now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Marine Mammal Stock Assessment Reports (SARs) by Region :: NOAA Fisheries

Science.gov Websites

Regional Fishery Management Councils Congress Activities Budget Testimony Educators and Students Education 2016 Pacific [pdf] Summary Table: 2016 Pacific [pdf] 2016 Atlantic [pdf] Summary Table: 2016 Atlantic [pdf] 2016 Alaska [pdf] Summary Table: 2016 Alaska [pdf] 2015 2015 Pacific [pdf] Summary Table: 2015

ALSSAT Version 6.0

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yeh, Hue-Hsia; Brown, Cheryl; Jeng, Frank

2012-01-01

Advanced Life Support Sizing Analysis Tool (ALSSAT) at the time of this reporting has been updated to version 6.0. A previous version was described in Tool for Sizing Analysis of the Advanced Life Support System (MSC- 23506), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 29, No. 12 (December 2005), page 43. To recapitulate: ALSSAT is a computer program for sizing and analyzing designs of environmental-control and life-support systems for spacecraft and surface habitats to be involved in exploration of Mars and the Moon. Of particular interest for analysis by ALSSAT are conceptual designs of advanced life-support (ALS) subsystems that utilize physicochemical and biological processes to recycle air and water and process human wastes to reduce the need of resource resupply. ALSSAT is a means of investigating combinations of such subsystems technologies featuring various alternative conceptual designs and thereby assisting in determining which combination is most cost-effective. ALSSAT version 6.0 has been improved over previous versions in several respects, including the following additions: an interface for reading sizing data from an ALS database, computational models of a redundant regenerative CO2 and Moisture Removal Amine Swing Beds (CAMRAS) for CO2 removal, upgrade of the Temperature & Humidity Control's Common Cabin Air Assembly to a detailed sizing model, and upgrade of the Food-management subsystem.

Redacting with Confidence: How to Safely Publish Sanitized Reports Converted from Word to PDF

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-02-02

select Insert->Picture-> Autoshapes from the top menu bar (this opens the AutoShapes toolbar). Select the rectangle from the Autoshapes toolbar as in... AutoShape from the menu as in Figure 6 (this opens the Format AutoShape dialog box), select the Size tab, enter the desired height and width of the

Arabidopsis Elongator subunit 2 positively contributes to resistance to the necrotrophic fungal pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria brassicicola.

PubMed

Wang, Chenggang; Ding, Yezhang; Yao, Jin; Zhang, Yanping; Sun, Yijun; Colee, James; Mou, Zhonglin

2015-09-01

The evolutionarily conserved Elongator complex functions in diverse biological processes including salicylic acid-mediated immune response. However, how Elongator functions in jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET)-mediated defense is unknown. Here, we show that Elongator is required for full induction of the JA/ET defense pathway marker gene PLANT DEFENSIN1.2 (PDF1.2) and for resistance to the necrotrophic fungal pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria brassicicola. A loss-of-function mutation in the Arabidopsis Elongator subunit 2 (ELP2) alters B. cinerea-induced transcriptome reprogramming. Interestingly, in elp2, expression of WRKY33, OCTADECANOID-RESPONSIVE ARABIDOPSIS AP2/ERF59 (ORA59), and PDF1.2 is inhibited, whereas transcription of MYC2 and its target genes is enhanced. However, overexpression of WRKY33 or ORA59 and mutation of MYC2 fail to restore PDF1.2 expression and B. cinerea resistance in elp2, suggesting that ELP2 is required for induction of not only WRKY33 and ORA59 but also PDF1.2. Moreover, elp2 is as susceptible as coronatine-insensitive1 (coi1) and ethylene-insensitive2 (ein2) to B. cinerea, indicating that ELP2 is an important player in B. cinerea resistance. Further analysis of the lesion sizes on the double mutants elp2 coi1 and elp2 ein2 and the corresponding single mutants revealed that the function of ELP2 overlaps with COI1 and is additive to EIN2 for B. cinerea resistance. Finally, basal histone acetylation levels in the coding regions of WRKY33, ORA59, and PDF1.2 are reduced in elp2 and a functional ELP2-GFP fusion protein binds to the chromatin of these genes, suggesting that constitutive ELP2-mediated histone acetylation may be required for full activation of the WRKY33/ORA59/PDF1.2 transcriptional cascade. © 2015 The Authors The Plant Journal © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Surficial Geologic Map of the Ashby-Lowell-Sterling-Billerica 11-Quadrangle Area in Northeast-Central Massachusetts

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stone, Byron D.; Stone, Janet R.

2007-01-01

The surficial geologic map shows the distribution of nonlithified earth materials at land surface in an area of eleven 7.5-minute quadrangles (total 505 mi2) in northeast-central Massachusetts. The geologic map differentiates surficial materials of Quaternary age on the basis of their lithologic characteristics (such as grain size and sedimentary structures), constructional geomorphic features, stratigraphic relationships, and age. Surficial earth materials significantly affect human use of the land, and an accurate description of their distribution is particularly important for water resources, construction aggregate resources, earth-surface hazards assessments, and land-use decisions. This compilation of surficial geologic materials is an interim product that defines the areas of exposed bedrock, and the boundaries between glacial till, glacial stratified deposits, and overlying postglacial deposits. This work is part of a comprehensive study to produce a statewide digital map of the surficial geology at a 1:24,000-scale level of accuracy. This report includes explanatory text (PDF), a regional map at 1:50,000 scale (PDF), quadrangle maps at 1:24,000 scale (PDF files), GIS data layers (ArcGIS shapefiles), metadata for the GIS layers, scanned topographic base maps (TIF), and a readme.txt file.

Surficial Geologic Map of the Salem Depot-Newburyport East-Wilmington-Rockport 16-Quadrangle Area in Northeast Massachusetts

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stone, Byron D.; Stone, Janet Radway; DiGiacomo-Cohen, Mary L.

2006-01-01

The surficial geologic map shows the distribution of nonlithified earth materials at land surface in an area of 16 7.5-minute quadrangles (total 658 mi2) in northeast Massachusetts. The geologic map differentiates surficial materials of Quaternary age on the basis of their lithologic characteristics (grain size, sedimentary structures, mineral and rock-particle composition), constructional geomorphic features, stratigraphic relationships, and age. Surficial earth materials significantly affect human use of the land, and an accurate description of their distribution is particularly important for water resources, construction aggregate resources, earth-surface hazards assessments, and land-use decisions. This compilation of surficial geologic materials is an interim product that defines the areas of exposed bedrock, and the boundaries between glacial till, glacial stratified deposits, and overlying postglacial deposits. This work is part of a comprehensive study to produce a statewide digital map of the surficial geology at a 1:24,000-scale level of accuracy. This report includes explanatory text (PDF), a regional map at 1:50,000 scale (PDF), quadrangle maps at 1:24,000 scale (PDF files), GIS data layers (ArcGIS shapefiles), metadata for the GIS layers, scanned topographic base maps (TIF), and a readme.txt file.

Dual PDF signaling pathways reset clocks via TIMELESS and acutely excite target neurons to control circadian behavior.

PubMed

Seluzicki, Adam; Flourakis, Matthieu; Kula-Eversole, Elzbieta; Zhang, Luoying; Kilman, Valerie; Allada, Ravi

2014-03-01

Molecular circadian clocks are interconnected via neural networks. In Drosophila, PIGMENT-DISPERSING FACTOR (PDF) acts as a master network regulator with dual functions in synchronizing molecular oscillations between disparate PDF(+) and PDF(-) circadian pacemaker neurons and controlling pacemaker neuron output. Yet the mechanisms by which PDF functions are not clear. We demonstrate that genetic inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) in PDF(-) clock neurons can phenocopy PDF mutants while activated PKA can partially rescue PDF receptor mutants. PKA subunit transcripts are also under clock control in non-PDF DN1p neurons. To address the core clock target of PDF, we rescued per in PDF neurons of arrhythmic per⁰¹ mutants. PDF neuron rescue induced high amplitude rhythms in the clock component TIMELESS (TIM) in per-less DN1p neurons. Complete loss of PDF or PKA inhibition also results in reduced TIM levels in non-PDF neurons of per⁰¹ flies. To address how PDF impacts pacemaker neuron output, we focally applied PDF to DN1p neurons and found that it acutely depolarizes and increases firing rates of DN1p neurons. Surprisingly, these effects are reduced in the presence of an adenylate cyclase inhibitor, yet persist in the presence of PKA inhibition. We have provided evidence for a signaling mechanism (PKA) and a molecular target (TIM) by which PDF resets and synchronizes clocks and demonstrates an acute direct excitatory effect of PDF on target neurons to control neuronal output. The identification of TIM as a target of PDF signaling suggests it is a multimodal integrator of cell autonomous clock, environmental light, and neural network signaling. Moreover, these data reveal a bifurcation of PKA-dependent clock effects and PKA-independent output effects. Taken together, our results provide a molecular and cellular basis for the dual functions of PDF in clock resetting and pacemaker output.

Dual PDF Signaling Pathways Reset Clocks Via TIMELESS and Acutely Excite Target Neurons to Control Circadian Behavior

PubMed Central

Seluzicki, Adam; Flourakis, Matthieu; Kula-Eversole, Elzbieta; Zhang, Luoying; Kilman, Valerie; Allada, Ravi

2014-01-01

Molecular circadian clocks are interconnected via neural networks. In Drosophila, PIGMENT-DISPERSING FACTOR (PDF) acts as a master network regulator with dual functions in synchronizing molecular oscillations between disparate PDF(+) and PDF(−) circadian pacemaker neurons and controlling pacemaker neuron output. Yet the mechanisms by which PDF functions are not clear. We demonstrate that genetic inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) in PDF(−) clock neurons can phenocopy PDF mutants while activated PKA can partially rescue PDF receptor mutants. PKA subunit transcripts are also under clock control in non-PDF DN1p neurons. To address the core clock target of PDF, we rescued per in PDF neurons of arrhythmic per01 mutants. PDF neuron rescue induced high amplitude rhythms in the clock component TIMELESS (TIM) in per-less DN1p neurons. Complete loss of PDF or PKA inhibition also results in reduced TIM levels in non-PDF neurons of per01 flies. To address how PDF impacts pacemaker neuron output, we focally applied PDF to DN1p neurons and found that it acutely depolarizes and increases firing rates of DN1p neurons. Surprisingly, these effects are reduced in the presence of an adenylate cyclase inhibitor, yet persist in the presence of PKA inhibition. We have provided evidence for a signaling mechanism (PKA) and a molecular target (TIM) by which PDF resets and synchronizes clocks and demonstrates an acute direct excitatory effect of PDF on target neurons to control neuronal output. The identification of TIM as a target of PDF signaling suggests it is a multimodal integrator of cell autonomous clock, environmental light, and neural network signaling. Moreover, these data reveal a bifurcation of PKA-dependent clock effects and PKA-independent output effects. Taken together, our results provide a molecular and cellular basis for the dual functions of PDF in clock resetting and pacemaker output. PMID:24643294

6th NCEP/NWS Ensemble User Workshop

Science.gov Websites

5th Ensemble Users Workshop pdf<> Discussion Hogsett/Bright pdf Session 2: NCEP Centers Review Chair: Jun Du Israel Jirak NCEP SPC's Review pdf David Bright NCEP AWC's Review pdf Wallace Hogsett NCEP WPC's Review pdf Joseph Sienkiewicz NCEP OPC's Review pdf Dave Unger NCEP CPC's Review pdf<>

Defense.gov - Special Report: VOTE

Science.gov Websites

Voting Action Plan (pdf) 2013 USMC Voting Action Plan (pdf) 2013 Army Voting Action Plan (pdf) Air Force Voting Plan 2012-13 (pdf) Army Voting Action Plan 2012 (pdf) Marine Corps Voting Action Plan 2012 (pdf ) Navy Voting Action Plan (pdf) Overseas Vote Foundation Project Vote Smart Preparing for the 2012

PDF receptor signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans modulates locomotion and egg-laying.

PubMed

Meelkop, Ellen; Temmerman, Liesbet; Janssen, Tom; Suetens, Nick; Beets, Isabel; Van Rompay, Liesbeth; Shanmugam, Nilesh; Husson, Steven J; Schoofs, Liliane

2012-09-25

In Caenorhabditis elegans, pdfr-1 encodes three receptors of the secretin receptor family. These G protein-coupled receptors are activated by three neuropeptides, pigment dispersing factors 1a, 1b and 2, which are encoded by pdf-1 and pdf-2. We isolated a PDF receptor loss-of-function allele (lst34) by means of a mutagenesis screen and show that the PDF signaling system is involved in locomotion and egg-laying. We demonstrate that the pdfr-1 mutant phenocopies the defective locomotor behavior of the pdf-1 mutant and that pdf-1 and pdf-2 behave antagonistically. All three PDF receptor splice variants are involved in the regulation of locomotor behavior. Cell specific rescue experiments show that this pdf mediated behavior is regulated by neurons rather than body wall muscles. We also show that egg-laying patterns of pdf-1 and pdf-2 mutants are affected, but not those of pdfr-1 mutants, pointing to a novel role for the PDF-system in the regulation of egg-laying. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

32 CFR 108.2 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Internet at http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/300005p.pdf. 2 Copies available on the Internet at http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/220502p.pdf. 3 Copies available on the Internet at http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/231008p.pdf. ...

32 CFR 108.2 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Internet at http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/300005p.pdf. 2 Copies available on the Internet at http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/220502p.pdf. 3 Copies available on the Internet at http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/231008p.pdf. ...

32 CFR 108.2 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Internet at http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/300005p.pdf. 2 Copies available on the Internet at http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/220502p.pdf. 3 Copies available on the Internet at http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/231008p.pdf. ...

78 FR 76154 - Allocations, Waivers, and Alternative Requirements for Grantees Receiving Community Development...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-16

...://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-03-05/pdf/2013-05170.pdf http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-04-19/pdf/2013-09228.pdf http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-08-02/pdf/2013-18643.pdf . For grantees receiving...

C-C1-04: How to Win Friends and Influence People with the SAS Output Delivery System

PubMed Central

Tolbert, William

2010-01-01

Background and Aims: Long-time SAS users remember the days when SAS output was embarrassingly ugly. Version 7 saw the introduction of the Output Delivery System (ODS). ODS has matured into a very capable subsystem that gives users powerful reporting options. This presentation will highlight useful features and outline a macro-based system for handling multiple ODS destinations simultaneously. Nowadays there is no excuse for ugly SAS output! When building reports, SAS users should think about the needs of those using the reports. Some people just want to review frequency tables, and are happy to do so on a monitor. Others want to be able to print data for review in a meeting. And, there are always those that want to work with the data in a spreadsheet. Consider the ideal formats for each of the users outlined above. For the casual data browser, HTML output is ideal. For printing, PDF is preferred. And for the additional analysis, Excel is a popular option. With ODS, we can meet all of these needs. Methods: Because ODS permits opening multiple output destinations simultaneously, a single procedure can be used to generate data in HTML, PDF, and Excel at once. The presentation will demonstrate the following: o- basic ODS syntax for HTML, PDF, and Excel output o- custom HTML table of contents o- using the ExcelXP tagset for multi-tab spreadsheets o- a custom macro for managing multiple ODS destinations simultaneously o- simple PROC Template code for easy customization o- techniques for consistent output from multiple platforms. Results: The techniques outlined here have been well-received in a variety of business reporting environments. Conclusions: The SAS ODS provides a wide array of reporting options. Don’t limit yourself to just one type of output.

Blocking endocytosis in Drosophila's circadian pacemaker neurons interferes with the endogenous clock in a PDF-dependent way.

PubMed

Wülbeck, Corinna; Grieshaber, Eva; Helfrich-Förster, Charlotte

2009-10-01

The neuropeptide pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) plays an essential role in the circadian clock of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, but many details of PDF signaling in the clock network are still unknown. We tried to interfere with PDF signaling by blocking the GTPase Shibire in PDF neurons. Shibire is an ortholog of the mammalian Dynamins and is essential for endocytosis of clathrin-coated vesicles at the plasma membrane. Such endocytosis is used for neurotransmitter reuptake by presynaptic neurons, which is a prerequisite of synaptic vesicle recycling, and receptor-mediated endocytosis in the postsynaptic neuron, which leads to signal termination. By blocking Shibire function via overexpression of a dominant negative mutant form of Shibire in PDF neurons, we slowed down the behavioral rhythm by 3 h. This effect was absent in PDF receptor null mutants, indicating that we interfered with PDF receptor-mediated endocytosis. Because we obtained similar behavioral phenotypes by increasing the PDF level in regions close to PDF neurons, we conclude that blocking Shibire did prolong PDF signaling in the neurons that respond to PDF. Obviously, terminating the PDF signaling via receptor-mediated endocytosis is a crucial step in determining the period of behavioral rhythms.

Effect of chemistry and turbulence on NO formation in oxygen-natural gas flames

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Samaniego, J. -M.; Egolfopoulos, F. N.; Bowman, C. T.

1996-01-01

The effects of chemistry and turbulence on NO formation in oxygen-natural turbulent diffusion flames gas flames have been investigated. The chemistry of nitric oxides has been studied numerically in the counterflow configuration. Systematic calculations with the GRI 2.11 mechanism for combustion of methane and NO chemistry were conducted to provide a base case. It was shown that the 'simple' Zeldovich mechanism accounts for more than 75% of N2 consumption in the flame in a range of strain-rates varying between 10 and 1000 s-l. The main shortcomings of this mechanism are: 1) overestimation (15%) of the NO production rate at low strain-rates because it does not capture the reburn due to the hydrocarbon chemistry, and 2) underestimation (25%) of the NO production rate at high strainrates because it ignores NO production through the prompt mechanism. Reburn through the Zeldovich mechanism alone proves to be significant at low strain-rates. A one-step model based on the Zeldovich mechanism and including reburn has been developed. It shows good agreement with the GRI mechanism at low strain-rates but underestimates significantly N2 consumption (about 50%) at high strain-rates. The role of turbulence has been assessed by using an existing 3-D DNS data base of a diffusion flame in decaying turbulence. Two PDF closure models used in practical industrial codes for turbulent NO formation have been tested. A simpler version of the global one-step chemical scheme for NO compared to that developed in this study was used to test the closure assumptions of the PDF models, because the data base could not provide all the necessary ingredients. Despite this simplification, it was possible to demonstrate that the current PDF models for NO overestimate significantly the NO production rate due to the fact that they neglect the correlations between the fluctuations in oxygen concentration and temperature. A single scalar PDF model for temperature that accounts for such correlations based on laminar flame considerations has been developed and showed excellent agreement with the values given by the DNS.

VizieR Online Data Catalog: SKY2000 Master Catalog, Version 5 (Myers+ 2006)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Myers, J. R.; Sande, C. B.; Miller, A. C.; Warren, W. H., Jr.; Tracewell, D. A.

2015-02-01

The SKYMAP Star Catalog System consists of a Master Catalog stellar database and a collection of utility software designed to create and maintain the database and to generate derivative mission star catalogs (run catalogs). It contains an extensive compilation of information on almost 300000 stars brighter than 8.0mag. The original SKYMAP Master Catalog was generated in the early 1970's. Incremental updates and corrections were made over the following years but the first complete revision of the source data occurred with Version 4.0. This revision also produced a unique, consolidated source of astrometric information which can be used by the astronomical community. The derived quantities were removed and wideband and photometric data in the R (red) and I (infrared) systems were added. Version 4 of the SKY2000 Master Catalog was completed in April 2002; it marks the global replacement of the variability identifier and variability data fields. More details can be found in the description file sky2kv4.pdf. The SKY2000 Version 5 Revision 4 Master Catalog differs from Revision 3 in that MK and HD spectral types have been added from the Catalogue of Stellar Spectral Classifications (B. A. Skiff of Lowell Observatory, 2005), which has been assigned source code 50 in this process. 9622 entries now have MK types from this source, while 3976 entries have HD types from this source. SKY2000 V5 R4 also differs globally from preceding MC versions in that the Galactic coordinate computations performed by UPDATE have been increased in accuracy, so that differences from the same quantities from other sources are now typically in the last decimal places carried in the MC. This version supersedes the previous versions 1(V/95), 2(V/102), 3(V/105) and 4(V/109). (6 data files).

Faradaurate-940: Synthesis, Mass Spectrometry, STEM, PDF, and SAXS Study of Au~940(SR)~160 Nanocrystals

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kumara, Chanaka; Zuo, Xiaobing; Cullen, David A

2014-01-01

Obtaining monodisperse nanocrystals, and determining its composition to the atomic level and its atomic structure is highly desirable, but is generally lacking. Here, we report the discovery and comprehensive characterization of a 3-nm plasmonic nanocrystal with a composition of Au940 20(SCH2CH2Ph)160 4, which is, the largest mass spectrometrically characterized gold thiolate nanoparticle produced to date. The compositional assignment has been made using electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS). The MS results show an unprecedented size monodispersity, where the number of Au atoms vary by only 40 atoms (940 20). The mass spectrometrically-determined sizemore » and composition are supported by aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and synchrotron-based methods such as atomic pair distribution function (PDF) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Lower resolution STEM images show an ensemble of particles 1000 s per frame visually demonstrating monodispersity. Modelling of SAXS on statistically significant nanoparticle population approximately 1012 individual nanoparticles - shows that the diameter is 3.0 0.2nm, supporting mass spectrometry and electron microscopy results on monodispersity. Atomic PDF based on high energy X-ray diffraction experiments show decent match with either a Marks decahedral or truncated octrahedral structure. Atomic resolution STEM images of single particles and its FFT suggest face-centered cubic (fcc) arrangement. UV-visible spectroscopy data shows that the 940-atom size supports a surface plasmon resonance peak at 505 nm. These monodisperse plasmonic nanoparticles minimize averaging effects and has potential application in solar cells, nano-optical devices, catalysis and drug delivery.« less

Analysis of scattering statistics and governing distribution functions in optical coherence tomography.

PubMed

Sugita, Mitsuro; Weatherbee, Andrew; Bizheva, Kostadinka; Popov, Ivan; Vitkin, Alex

2016-07-01

The probability density function (PDF) of light scattering intensity can be used to characterize the scattering medium. We have recently shown that in optical coherence tomography (OCT), a PDF formalism can be sensitive to the number of scatterers in the probed scattering volume and can be represented by the K-distribution, a functional descriptor for non-Gaussian scattering statistics. Expanding on this initial finding, here we examine polystyrene microsphere phantoms with different sphere sizes and concentrations, and also human skin and fingernail in vivo. It is demonstrated that the K-distribution offers an accurate representation for the measured OCT PDFs. The behavior of the shape parameter of K-distribution that best fits the OCT scattering results is investigated in detail, and the applicability of this methodology for biological tissue characterization is demonstrated and discussed.

KSC-2011-7229

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-09-28

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- Payload canister #2 awaits decommissioning outside the Reutilization, Recycling and Marketing Facility on Ransom Road at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The two payload canisters used to transport space shuttle payloads to the launch pad for installation in the shuttles' cargo bays are being decommissioned following the end of the Space Shuttle Program. Each canister weighs 110,000 pounds and is 65 feet long, 22 feet wide, and 18 feet, 7 inches high. The canisters were prescreened through NASA Headquarters as possible artifacts, but their size makes them difficult to transport to locations off the center. Federal and state agencies now will be given the opportunity to screen the canisters for potential use before a final decision is made on their disposition. For more information, visit http://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/pdf/167403main_CRF-06.pdf. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

Glenoid version and size: does gender, ethnicity, or body size play a role?

PubMed

Piponov, Hristo Ivanov; Savin, David; Shah, Neal; Esposito, Domenic; Schwartz, Brian; Moretti, Vincent; Goldberg, Benjamin

2016-11-01

Variations in glenoid morphology among patients of different gender, body habitus, and ethnicity have been of interest for surgeons. Understanding these anatomical variations is a critical step in restoring normal glenohumeral structure during shoulder reconstruction surgery. Retrospective review of 108 patient shoulder CT scans was performed and glenoid version, AP diameter and height were measured. Statistical multiple regression models were used to investigate the ability of gender and ethnicity to predict glenoid AP diameter, height, and version independently of patient weight and height. The mean glenoid AP diameter was 24.7 ± 3.5, the mean glenoid height was 31.7 ± 3.7, and the mean glenoid version was 0.05 ± 9.05. According to our regression models, males would be expected to exhibit 8.4° more glenoid retroversion than females (p = 0.003) and have 2.9 mm larger glenoid height compared to females (p = 0.002). The predicted male glenoid AP diameter was 3.4 mm higher than that in females (p < 0.001). Hispanics demonstrated 6.4° more glenoid anteversion compared to African-Americans (p = 0.04). Asians exhibited 4.1 mm smaller glenoid AP diameters than African-Americans (p = 0.002). An increase of 25 kg in patient weight resulted in 1 mm increase in AP diameter (p = 0.01). Gender is the strongest independent predictor of glenoid size and version. Males exhibited a larger size and more retroverted glenoid. Patient height was found to be predictive of glenoid size only in patients of the same gender. Although variations in glenoid size and version are observed among ethnicities, larger sample size ethnic groups will be necessary to explore the precise relations. Surgeons should consider gender and ethnic variations in the pre-operative planning and surgical restoration of the native glenohumeral relationship. Anatomic Study.

32 CFR 117.55 - Responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...))” (available at http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/514301p.pdf) and DoD Instruction 5220.22, “National Industrial Security Program” (see http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/522022p.pdf): (1...://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/522022p.pdf). (1) Make FOCI determinations on a case-by-case...

32 CFR 108.4 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Copies available on the Internet at http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/100013p.pdf. (2) Non... Internet at http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/605501p.pdf. (3) Any health care services...://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/302041p.pdf. (h) Emergency Health Care. The Secretaries of the...

The Italian primary school-size distribution and the city-size: a complex nexus

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Belmonte, Alessandro; di Clemente, Riccardo; Buldyrev, Sergey V.

2014-06-01

We characterize the statistical law according to which Italian primary school-size distributes. We find that the school-size can be approximated by a log-normal distribution, with a fat lower tail that collects a large number of very small schools. The upper tail of the school-size distribution decreases exponentially and the growth rates are distributed with a Laplace PDF. These distributions are similar to those observed for firms and are consistent with a Bose-Einstein preferential attachment process. The body of the distribution features a bimodal shape suggesting some source of heterogeneity in the school organization that we uncover by an in-depth analysis of the relation between schools-size and city-size. We propose a novel cluster methodology and a new spatial interaction approach among schools which outline the variety of policies implemented in Italy. Different regional policies are also discussed shedding lights on the relation between policy and geographical features.

Signaling of Pigment-Dispersing Factor (PDF) in the Madeira Cockroach Rhyparobia maderae

PubMed Central

Funk, Nico W.; Giese, Maria; Baz, El-Sayed; Stengl, Monika

2014-01-01

The insect neuropeptide pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) is a functional ortholog of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, the coupling factor of the mammalian circadian pacemaker. Despite of PDF's importance for synchronized circadian locomotor activity rhythms its signaling is not well understood. We studied PDF signaling in primary cell cultures of the accessory medulla, the circadian pacemaker of the Madeira cockroach. In Ca2+ imaging studies four types of PDF-responses were distinguished. In regularly bursting type 1 pacemakers PDF application resulted in dose-dependent long-lasting increases in Ca2+ baseline concentration and frequency of oscillating Ca2+ transients. Adenylyl cyclase antagonists prevented PDF-responses in type 1 cells, indicating that PDF signaled via elevation of intracellular cAMP levels. In contrast, in type 2 pacemakers PDF transiently raised intracellular Ca2+ levels even after blocking adenylyl cyclase activity. In patch clamp experiments the previously characterized types 1–4 could not be identified. Instead, PDF-responses were categorized according to ion channels affected. Application of PDF inhibited outward potassium or inward sodium currents, sometimes in the same neuron. In a comparison of Ca2+ imaging and patch clamp experiments we hypothesized that in type 1 cells PDF-dependent rises in cAMP concentrations block primarily outward K+ currents. Possibly, this PDF-dependent depolarization underlies PDF-dependent phase advances of pacemakers. Finally, we propose that PDF-dependent concomitant modulation of K+ and Na+ channels in coupled pacemakers causes ultradian membrane potential oscillations as prerequisite to efficient synchronization via resonance. PMID:25269074

Modeling the Bergeron-Findeisen Process Using PDF Methods With an Explicit Representation of Mixing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jeffery, C.; Reisner, J.

2005-12-01

Currently, the accurate prediction of cloud droplet and ice crystal number concentration in cloud resolving, numerical weather prediction and climate models is a formidable challenge. The Bergeron-Findeisen process in which ice crystals grow by vapor deposition at the expense of super-cooled droplets is expected to be inhomogeneous in nature--some droplets will evaporate completely in centimeter-scale filaments of sub-saturated air during turbulent mixing while others remain unchanged [Baker et al., QJRMS, 1980]--and is unresolved at even cloud-resolving scales. Despite the large body of observational evidence in support of the inhomogeneous mixing process affecting cloud droplet number [most recently, Brenguier et al., JAS, 2000], it is poorly understood and has yet to be parameterized and incorporated into a numerical model. In this talk, we investigate the Bergeron-Findeisen process using a new approach based on simulations of the probability density function (PDF) of relative humidity during turbulent mixing. PDF methods offer a key advantage over Eulerian (spatial) models of cloud mixing and evaporation: the low probability (cm-scale) filaments of entrained air are explicitly resolved (in probability space) during the mixing event even though their spatial shape, size and location remain unknown. Our PDF approach reveals the following features of the inhomogeneous mixing process during the isobaric turbulent mixing of two parcels containing super-cooled water and ice, respectively: (1) The scavenging of super-cooled droplets is inhomogeneous in nature; some droplets evaporate completely at early times while others remain unchanged. (2) The degree of total droplet evaporation during the initial mixing period depends linearly on the mixing fractions of the two parcels and logarithmically on Damköhler number (Da)---the ratio of turbulent to evaporative time-scales. (3) Our simulations predict that the PDF of Lagrangian (time-integrated) subsaturation (S) goes as S-1 at high Da. This behavior results from a Gaussian mixing closure and requires observational validation.

An LES-PBE-PDF approach for modeling particle formation in turbulent reacting flows

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sewerin, Fabian; Rigopoulos, Stelios

2017-10-01

Many chemical and environmental processes involve the formation of a polydispersed particulate phase in a turbulent carrier flow. Frequently, the immersed particles are characterized by an intrinsic property such as the particle size, and the distribution of this property across a sample population is taken as an indicator for the quality of the particulate product or its environmental impact. In the present article, we propose a comprehensive model and an efficient numerical solution scheme for predicting the evolution of the property distribution associated with a polydispersed particulate phase forming in a turbulent reacting flow. Here, the particulate phase is described in terms of the particle number density whose evolution in both physical and particle property space is governed by the population balance equation (PBE). Based on the concept of large eddy simulation (LES), we augment the existing LES-transported probability density function (PDF) approach for fluid phase scalars by the particle number density and obtain a modeled evolution equation for the filtered PDF associated with the instantaneous fluid composition and particle property distribution. This LES-PBE-PDF approach allows us to predict the LES-filtered fluid composition and particle property distribution at each spatial location and point in time without any restriction on the chemical or particle formation kinetics. In view of a numerical solution, we apply the method of Eulerian stochastic fields, invoking an explicit adaptive grid technique in order to discretize the stochastic field equation for the number density in particle property space. In this way, sharp moving features of the particle property distribution can be accurately resolved at a significantly reduced computational cost. As a test case, we consider the condensation of an aerosol in a developed turbulent mixing layer. Our investigation not only demonstrates the predictive capabilities of the LES-PBE-PDF model but also indicates the computational efficiency of the numerical solution scheme.

Proton Dose Assessment to the Human Eye Using Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport Code (MCNPX)

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-08-01

current treatments are applied using an infrared diode laser 10 (projecting a spot size of 2-3 mm), used for about 1 minute per exposure. The laser heats...1983. Shultis J, Faw R. An MCNP Primer. Available at: http:// ww2 .mne.ksu.edu/-jks/MCNPprmr.pdf. Accessed 3 January 2006. Stys P, Lopachin R

The neuropeptide PDF acts directly on evening pacemaker neurons to regulate multiple features of circadian behavior.

PubMed

Lear, Bridget C; Zhang, Luoying; Allada, Ravi

2009-07-01

Discrete clusters of circadian clock neurons temporally organize daily behaviors such as sleep and wake. In Drosophila, a network of just 150 neurons drives two peaks of timed activity in the morning and evening. A subset of these neurons expresses the neuropeptide pigment dispersing factor (PDF), which is important for promoting morning behavior as well as maintaining robust free-running rhythmicity in constant conditions. Yet, how PDF acts on downstream circuits to mediate rhythmic behavior is unknown. Using circuit-directed rescue of PDF receptor mutants, we show that PDF targeting of just approximately 30 non-PDF evening circadian neurons is sufficient to drive morning behavior. This function is not accompanied by large changes in core molecular oscillators in light-dark, indicating that PDF RECEPTOR likely regulates the output of these cells under these conditions. We find that PDF also acts on this focused set of non-PDF neurons to regulate both evening activity phase and period length, consistent with modest resetting effects on core oscillators. PDF likely acts on more distributed pacemaker neuron targets, including the PDF neurons themselves, to regulate rhythmic strength. Here we reveal defining features of the circuit-diagram for PDF peptide function in circadian behavior, revealing the direct neuronal targets of PDF as well as its behavioral functions at those sites. These studies define a key direct output circuit sufficient for multiple PDF dependent behaviors.

Joint constraints on galaxy bias and σ{sub 8} through the N-pdf of the galaxy number density

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Arnalte-Mur, Pablo; Martínez, Vicent J.; Vielva, Patricio

We present a full description of the N-probability density function of the galaxy number density fluctuations. This N-pdf is given in terms, on the one hand, of the cold dark matter correlations and, on the other hand, of the galaxy bias parameter. The method relies on the assumption commonly adopted that the dark matter density fluctuations follow a local non-linear transformation of the initial energy density perturbations. The N-pdf of the galaxy number density fluctuations allows for an optimal estimation of the bias parameter (e.g., via maximum-likelihood estimation, or Bayesian inference if there exists any a priori information on themore » bias parameter), and of those parameters defining the dark matter correlations, in particular its amplitude (σ{sub 8}). It also provides the proper framework to perform model selection between two competitive hypotheses. The parameters estimation capabilities of the N-pdf are proved by SDSS-like simulations (both, ideal log-normal simulations and mocks obtained from Las Damas simulations), showing that our estimator is unbiased. We apply our formalism to the 7th release of the SDSS main sample (for a volume-limited subset with absolute magnitudes M{sub r} ≤ −20). We obtain b-circumflex  = 1.193 ± 0.074 and σ-bar{sub 8} = 0.862 ± 0.080, for galaxy number density fluctuations in cells of the size of 30h{sup −1}Mpc. Different model selection criteria show that galaxy biasing is clearly favoured.« less

Generation of TNFalpha and interleukin-6 by peritoneal macrophages after overnight dwells with bicarbonate- or lactate-buffered dialysis fluid.

PubMed

Liberek, Tomasz; Lichodziejewska-Niemierko, Monika; Knopinska-Posluszny, Wanda; Schaub, Thomas P; Kirchgessner, Judith; Passlick-Deetjen, Jutta; Rutkowski, Boleslaw

2002-01-01

In order to evaluate the biocompatibility profile of a newly designed peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF), we evaluated peritoneal leukocyte (PMphi) cytokine release following overnight in vivo dwells using standard, lactate-buffered, single-chamber bag PDF (Lac-PDF) and purely bicarbonate-buffered, double-chamber bag PDF containing 34 (Bic-PDF) or 39 (Bic Hi-PDF) mmol/L bicarbonate. A randomized, open, crossover clinical trial with single weekly test dwells was performed in stable, long-term continuous ambulatory PD patients (n = 8). During 8-hour overnight dwells, PMphi were exposed to different PDF containing 1.5% glucose. After drainage, peritoneal cells were isolated and incubated with RPMI 1640 medium for 2 or 3 hours, with and without stimulation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Ex vivo release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 was measured by specific ELISA technique. After pre-exposure to Lac-PDF, PMphi generated 242 +/- 279 pg TNFalpha/10(6) cells and 157 +/- 105 pg IL-6/10(6) cells. When pre-exposed to Bic-PDF and Bic Hi-PDF, TNFa and IL-6 production of PMphi was not significantly different from Lac-PDF. After LPS stimulation (100 ng/mL), PMD secretion of TNFalpha and IL-6 pre-exposed to three PDF revealed no significant differences between groups: TNFalpha was 2,864 +/- 1,216, 2,910 +/- 1,202, and 3,291 +/- 558 pg/10(6) cells after overnight dwells with Lac-PDF, Bic-PDF, and Bic Hi-PDF, respectively. Comparably, LPS-stimulated (100 pg/ mL) PMphi showed IL-6 secretion of 891 +/- 335, 1,380 +/- 1,149, and 1,442 +/- 966 pg/10(6) cells for Lac-PDF, Bic-PDF, and Bic Hi-PDF. After long-term overnight dwells, initial pH, the different buffers, and varying glucose degradation product levels of PDF do not strongly affect PMphi function with respect to cytokine release. The lack of significant differences between fluids may result from the complete dialysate equilibration achieved during the overnight intraperitoneal dwell.

Prevalence and associated variables of postdialysis fatigue: results of a prospective multicenter study.

PubMed

Bossola, Maurizio; Marzetti, Emanuele; Di Stasio, Enrico; Monteburini, Tania; Cenerelli, Stefano; Mazzoli, Katia; Parodi, Emanuele; Sirolli, Vittorio; Santarelli, Stefano; Ippoliti, Fabio; Nebiolo, Pier Eugenio; Bonomini, Mario; Melatti, Roberta; Vulpio, Carlo

2017-04-17

Little is known about postdialysis fatigue (PDF), a debilitating symptom of hemodialysis patients. In 5 hemodialysis units of northern-centre Italy, patients were regarded to suffer from PDF if they spontaneously offered this complaint when asked the open-ended question: Do you feel better or worse after dialysis? If worse, please specify in which way. A complaint of fatigue would be probed further with questions directed at its duration, frequency and intensity, allowing creation of a fatigue index of severity (one third of the sum of these three parameters, each rated from 1 to 5). Patients were stratified into three groups according the severity of PDF: 1) score = 0; 2) score = 1-3; 3) score > 3. We studied 271 patients: 164 had PDF and 107 had not. PDF patients had significantly longer time of recovery after dialysis (TIRD). TIRD was significantly associated with PDF duration, intensity, and frequency. Patients with PDF were older and had a lower ADL score. At multivariate analysis, PDF was significantly associated with TIRD. In multivariate model that did not include TIRD, PDF was independently associated with age and ADL. Sixty patients had moderate PDF and 104 severe PDF. In patients with severe PDF, age and dialytic age were higher, ADL and IADL scores were lower, TIRD was longer and the ultrafiltration rate was lower. At multivariate analysis, PDF severity was independently associated with TIRD. In the model without TIRD, PDF severity was associated with ADL only. PDF is frequent and associated with age and ADL. Dialytic variables seem unrelated to PDF. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

The Circadian Neuropeptide PDF Signals Preferentially through a Specific Adenylate Cyclase Isoform AC3 in M Pacemakers of Drosophila

PubMed Central

Duvall, Laura B.; Taghert, Paul H.

2012-01-01

The neuropeptide Pigment Dispersing Factor (PDF) is essential for normal circadian function in Drosophila. It synchronizes the phases of M pacemakers, while in E pacemakers it decelerates their cycling and supports their amplitude. The PDF receptor (PDF-R) is present in both M and subsets of E cells. Activation of PDF-R stimulates cAMP increases in vitro and in M cells in vivo. The present study asks: What is the identity of downstream signaling components that are associated with PDF receptor in specific circadian pacemaker neurons? Using live imaging of intact fly brains and transgenic RNAi, we show that adenylate cyclase AC3 underlies PDF signaling in M cells. Genetic disruptions of AC3 specifically disrupt PDF responses: they do not affect other Gs-coupled GPCR signaling in M cells, they can be rescued, and they do not represent developmental alterations. Knockdown of the Drosophila AKAP-like scaffolding protein Nervy also reduces PDF responses. Flies with AC3 alterations show behavioral syndromes consistent with known roles of M pacemakers as mediated by PDF. Surprisingly, disruption of AC3 does not alter PDF responses in E cells—the PDF-R(+) LNd. Within M pacemakers, PDF-R couples preferentially to a single AC, but PDF-R association with a different AC(s) is needed to explain PDF signaling in the E pacemakers. Thus critical pathways of circadian synchronization are mediated by highly specific second messenger components. These findings support a hypothesis that PDF signaling components within target cells are sequestered into “circadian signalosomes,” whose compositions differ between E and M pacemaker cell types. PMID:22679392

The circadian neuropeptide PDF signals preferentially through a specific adenylate cyclase isoform AC3 in M pacemakers of Drosophila.

PubMed

Duvall, Laura B; Taghert, Paul H

2012-01-01

The neuropeptide Pigment Dispersing Factor (PDF) is essential for normal circadian function in Drosophila. It synchronizes the phases of M pacemakers, while in E pacemakers it decelerates their cycling and supports their amplitude. The PDF receptor (PDF-R) is present in both M and subsets of E cells. Activation of PDF-R stimulates cAMP increases in vitro and in M cells in vivo. The present study asks: What is the identity of downstream signaling components that are associated with PDF receptor in specific circadian pacemaker neurons? Using live imaging of intact fly brains and transgenic RNAi, we show that adenylate cyclase AC3 underlies PDF signaling in M cells. Genetic disruptions of AC3 specifically disrupt PDF responses: they do not affect other Gs-coupled GPCR signaling in M cells, they can be rescued, and they do not represent developmental alterations. Knockdown of the Drosophila AKAP-like scaffolding protein Nervy also reduces PDF responses. Flies with AC3 alterations show behavioral syndromes consistent with known roles of M pacemakers as mediated by PDF. Surprisingly, disruption of AC3 does not alter PDF responses in E cells--the PDF-R(+) LNd. Within M pacemakers, PDF-R couples preferentially to a single AC, but PDF-R association with a different AC(s) is needed to explain PDF signaling in the E pacemakers. Thus critical pathways of circadian synchronization are mediated by highly specific second messenger components. These findings support a hypothesis that PDF signaling components within target cells are sequestered into "circadian signalosomes," whose compositions differ between E and M pacemaker cell types.

A G protein-coupled receptor, groom-of-PDF, is required for PDF neuron action in circadian behavior.

PubMed

Lear, Bridget C; Merrill, C Elaine; Lin, Jui-Ming; Schroeder, Analyne; Zhang, Luoying; Allada, Ravi

2005-10-20

The neuropeptide Pigment-Dispersing Factor (PDF) plays a critical role in mediating circadian control of behavior in Drosophila. Here we identify mutants (groom-of-PDF; gop) that display phase-advanced evening activity and poor free-running rhythmicity, phenocopying pdf mutants. In gop mutants, a spontaneous retrotransposon disrupts a coding exon of a G protein-coupled receptor, CG13758. Disruption of the receptor is accompanied by phase-advanced oscillations of the core clock protein PERIOD. Moreover, effects on circadian timing induced by perturbation of PDF neurons require gop. Yet PDF oscillations themselves remain robust in gop mutants, suggesting that GOP acts downstream of PDF. gop is expressed most strongly in the dorsal brain in regions that lie in proximity to PDF-containing nerve terminals. Taken together, these studies implicate GOP as a PDF receptor in Drosophila.

Fallon, Nevada FORGE Well 21-31 Wireline Logs

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Blankenship, Doug

Included are the following wireline logs from the Fallon FORGE Well 21-31. Ormat_Forge 21-31_8.5 inch section: FMI data in PDF and DLIS formats; MSCT data in PDF format; Pressure and Temperature data in PDF, LAS, and DLIS formats; Sonic Scanner data in PDF, DLIS, and LAS formats (LAS format contains Stoneley Slowness, Shear Slowness, and Compressional Slowness logs); Triple Combo in PDF, DLIS, and LAS formats; and USIT data in DLIS and PDF formats. Ormat_Forge_21-31_12.25 inch section: Resistivity data in PDF and LAS formats; Sonic Scanner data in PDF, DLIS, and LAS formats (LAS format contains Stoneley Slowness, Shear Slowness,more » and Compressional Slowness logs); Triple Combo in PDF and LAS formats; and Caliper data in PDF format (DLIS format for caliper data is included in the Sonic Scanner DLIS).« less

Signaling of pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) in the Madeira cockroach Rhyparobia maderae.

PubMed

Wei, Hongying; Yasar, Hanzey; Funk, Nico W; Giese, Maria; Baz, El-Sayed; Stengl, Monika

2014-01-01

The insect neuropeptide pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) is a functional ortholog of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, the coupling factor of the mammalian circadian pacemaker. Despite of PDF's importance for synchronized circadian locomotor activity rhythms its signaling is not well understood. We studied PDF signaling in primary cell cultures of the accessory medulla, the circadian pacemaker of the Madeira cockroach. In Ca²⁺ imaging studies four types of PDF-responses were distinguished. In regularly bursting type 1 pacemakers PDF application resulted in dose-dependent long-lasting increases in Ca²⁺ baseline concentration and frequency of oscillating Ca²⁺ transients. Adenylyl cyclase antagonists prevented PDF-responses in type 1 cells, indicating that PDF signaled via elevation of intracellular cAMP levels. In contrast, in type 2 pacemakers PDF transiently raised intracellular Ca²⁺ levels even after blocking adenylyl cyclase activity. In patch clamp experiments the previously characterized types 1-4 could not be identified. Instead, PDF-responses were categorized according to ion channels affected. Application of PDF inhibited outward potassium or inward sodium currents, sometimes in the same neuron. In a comparison of Ca²⁺ imaging and patch clamp experiments we hypothesized that in type 1 cells PDF-dependent rises in cAMP concentrations block primarily outward K⁺ currents. Possibly, this PDF-dependent depolarization underlies PDF-dependent phase advances of pacemakers. Finally, we propose that PDF-dependent concomitant modulation of K⁺ and Na⁺ channels in coupled pacemakers causes ultradian membrane potential oscillations as prerequisite to efficient synchronization via resonance.

International GPS Service 2001 - 2002 Technical Reports

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gowey, Ken (Editor); Neilan, Ruth (Editor); Moore, Angelyn (Editor)

2004-01-01

Applications of the Global Positioning System (GPS) to Earth Science are numerous. The International GPS Service (IGS), a federation of government agencies and universities, plays an increasingly critical role in support of GPS-related research and engineering activities. Contributions from the IGS Governing Board and Central Bureau, analysis and data centers, station operators, and others constitute the 2001 / 2002 Technical Reports. Hard copies of each volume can be obtained by contacting the IGS Central Bureau at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. This report is published in black and white. To view graphs or plots that use color to represent data trends or information, please refer to the online PDF version at http://igscb.jpl.nasa.gov/overview/pubs.html.

NASA Software Safety Standard

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rosenberg, Linda

1997-01-01

If software is a critical element in a safety critical system, it is imperative to implement a systematic approach to software safety as an integral part of the overall system safety programs. The NASA-STD-8719.13A, "NASA Software Safety Standard", describes the activities necessary to ensure that safety is designed into software that is acquired or developed by NASA, and that safety is maintained throughout the software life cycle. A PDF version, is available on the WWW from Lewis. A Guidebook that will assist in the implementation of the requirements in the Safety Standard is under development at the Lewis Research Center (LeRC). After completion, it will also be available on the WWW from Lewis.

Correction to: Evaluation of cell binding to collagen and gelatin: a study of the effect of 2D and 3D architecture and surface chemistry.

PubMed

Davidenko, Natalia; Schuster, Carlos F; Bax, Daniel V; Farndale, Richard W; Hamaia, Samir; Best, Serena M; Cameron, Ruth E

2018-03-21

The article "Evaluation of cell binding to collagen and gelatin: a study of the effect of 2D and 3D architecture and surface chemistry", written by Natalia Davidenko, Carlos F. Schuster, Daniel V. Bax, Richard W. Farndale, Samir Hamaia, Serena M. Best and Ruth E. Cameron, was originally published Online First without open access. After publication in volume 27, issue 10, page 148 it was noticed that the copyright was wrong in the PDF version of the article. The copyright of the article should read as "© The Author(s) 2016". The Open Access license terms were also missing.

A computer simulated phantom study of tomotherapy dose optimization based on probability density functions (PDF) and potential errors caused by low reproducibility of PDF.

PubMed

Sheng, Ke; Cai, Jing; Brookeman, James; Molloy, Janelle; Christopher, John; Read, Paul

2006-09-01

Lung tumor motion trajectories measured by four-dimensional CT or dynamic MRI can be converted to a probability density function (PDF), which describes the probability of the tumor at a certain position, for PDF based treatment planning. Using this method in simulated sequential tomotherapy, we study the dose reduction of normal tissues and more important, the effect of PDF reproducibility on the accuracy of dosimetry. For these purposes, realistic PDFs were obtained from two dynamic MRI scans of a healthy volunteer within a 2 week interval. The first PDF was accumulated from a 300 s scan and the second PDF was calculated from variable scan times from 5 s (one breathing cycle) to 300 s. Optimized beam fluences based on the second PDF were delivered to the hypothetical gross target volume (GTV) of a lung phantom that moved following the first PDF The reproducibility between two PDFs varied from low (78%) to high (94.8%) when the second scan time increased from 5 s to 300 s. When a highly reproducible PDF was used in optimization, the dose coverage of GTV was maintained; phantom lung receiving 10%-20% prescription dose was reduced by 40%-50% and the mean phantom lung dose was reduced by 9.6%. However, optimization based on PDF with low reproducibility resulted in a 50% underdosed GTV. The dosimetric error increased nearly exponentially as the PDF error increased. Therefore, although the dose of the tumor surrounding tissue can be theoretically reduced by PDF based treatment planning, the reliability and applicability of this method highly depend on if a reproducible PDF exists and is measurable. By correlating the dosimetric error and PDF error together, a useful guideline for PDF data acquisition and patient qualification for PDF based planning can be derived.

A computer simulated phantom study of tomotherapy dose optimization based on probability density functions (PDF) and potential errors caused by low reproducibility of PDF

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sheng, Ke; Cai Jing; Brookeman, James

2006-09-15

Lung tumor motion trajectories measured by four-dimensional CT or dynamic MRI can be converted to a probability density function (PDF), which describes the probability of the tumor at a certain position, for PDF based treatment planning. Using this method in simulated sequential tomotherapy, we study the dose reduction of normal tissues and more important, the effect of PDF reproducibility on the accuracy of dosimetry. For these purposes, realistic PDFs were obtained from two dynamic MRI scans of a healthy volunteer within a 2 week interval. The first PDF was accumulated from a 300 s scan and the second PDF wasmore » calculated from variable scan times from 5 s (one breathing cycle) to 300 s. Optimized beam fluences based on the second PDF were delivered to the hypothetical gross target volume (GTV) of a lung phantom that moved following the first PDF. The reproducibility between two PDFs varied from low (78%) to high (94.8%) when the second scan time increased from 5 s to 300 s. When a highly reproducible PDF was used in optimization, the dose coverage of GTV was maintained; phantom lung receiving 10%-20% prescription dose was reduced by 40%-50% and the mean phantom lung dose was reduced by 9.6%. However, optimization based on PDF with low reproducibility resulted in a 50% underdosed GTV. The dosimetric error increased nearly exponentially as the PDF error increased. Therefore, although the dose of the tumor surrounding tissue can be theoretically reduced by PDF based treatment planning, the reliability and applicability of this method highly depend on if a reproducible PDF exists and is measurable. By correlating the dosimetric error and PDF error together, a useful guideline for PDF data acquisition and patient qualification for PDF based planning can be derived.« less

Remote control of renal physiology by the intestinal neuropeptide pigment-dispersing factor in Drosophila.

PubMed

Talsma, Aaron D; Christov, Christo P; Terriente-Felix, Ana; Linneweber, Gerit A; Perea, Daniel; Wayland, Matthew; Shafer, Orie T; Miguel-Aliaga, Irene

2012-07-24

The role of the central neuropeptide pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) in circadian timekeeping in Drosophila is remarkably similar to that of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in mammals. Like VIP, PDF is expressed outside the circadian network by neurons innervating the gut, but the function and mode of action of this PDF have not been characterized. Here we investigate the visceral roles of PDF by adapting cellular and physiological methods to the study of visceral responses to PDF signaling in wild-type and mutant genetic backgrounds. We find that intestinal PDF acts at a distance on the renal system, where it regulates ureter contractions. We show that PdfR, PDF's established receptor, is expressed by the muscles of the excretory system, and present evidence that PdfR-induced cAMP increases underlie the myotropic effects of PDF. These findings extend the similarities between PDF and VIP beyond their shared central role as circadian regulators, and uncover an unexpected endocrine mode of myotropic action for an intestinal neuropeptide on the renal system.

Remote control of renal physiology by the intestinal neuropeptide pigment-dispersing factor in Drosophila

PubMed Central

Talsma, Aaron D.; Christov, Christo P.; Terriente-Felix, Ana; Linneweber, Gerit A.; Perea, Daniel; Wayland, Matthew; Shafer, Orie T.; Miguel-Aliaga, Irene

2012-01-01

The role of the central neuropeptide pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) in circadian timekeeping in Drosophila is remarkably similar to that of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in mammals. Like VIP, PDF is expressed outside the circadian network by neurons innervating the gut, but the function and mode of action of this PDF have not been characterized. Here we investigate the visceral roles of PDF by adapting cellular and physiological methods to the study of visceral responses to PDF signaling in wild-type and mutant genetic backgrounds. We find that intestinal PDF acts at a distance on the renal system, where it regulates ureter contractions. We show that PdfR, PDF's established receptor, is expressed by the muscles of the excretory system, and present evidence that PdfR-induced cAMP increases underlie the myotropic effects of PDF. These findings extend the similarities between PDF and VIP beyond their shared central role as circadian regulators, and uncover an unexpected endocrine mode of myotropic action for an intestinal neuropeptide on the renal system. PMID:22778427

Cyclic AMP imaging sheds light on PDF signaling in circadian clock neurons.

PubMed

Tomchik, Seth M; Davis, Ronald L

2008-04-24

In Drosophila, the neuropeptide PDF is required for circadian rhythmicity, but it is unclear where PDF acts. In this issue of Neuron, Shafer et al. use a novel bioimaging methodology to demonstrate that PDF elevates cAMP in nearly all clock neurons. Thus, PDF apparently exerts more widespread effects on the circadian clock network than suggested by previous studies of PDF receptor expression.

Simulations and parameterisation of shallow volcanic plumes of Piton de la Fournaise, Reunion Island, using Meso-NH version 4-9-3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sivia, S. G.; Gheusi, F.; Mari, C.; Di Muro, A.

2015-05-01

In mesoscale models (resolution ~ 1 km) used for regional dispersion of pollution plumes the volcanic heat sources and emissions of gases and aerosols, as well as the induced atmospheric convective motions, are all sub-grid-scale processes (mostly true for weak effusive eruptions) which need to be parameterised. We propose a modified formulation of the EDMF scheme (eddy diffusivity/mass flux) proposed by Pergaud et al. (2009) which is based on a single sub-grid updraft model. It is used to represent volcano induced updrafts tested for a case study of the January 2010 summit eruption of Piton de la Fournaise (PdF) volcano. The validation of this modified formulation using a reference large eddy simulation (LES) focuses on the ability of the model to transport tracer concentrations up to 1-2 km above the ground in the lower troposphere as is the case of majority of PdF eruptions. The modelled volcanic plume agrees reasonably with the profiles of SO2 (sulfur dioxide) tracer concentrations and specific humidity found from the reference LES. Sensitivity tests performed for the modified formulation of the EDMF scheme emphasise the sensitivity of the parameterisation to ambient fresh air entrainment at the plume base.

Canvas and cosmos: Visual art techniques applied to astronomy data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

English, Jayanne

Bold color images from telescopes act as extraordinary ambassadors for research astronomers because they pique the public’s curiosity. But are they snapshots documenting physical reality? Or are we looking at artistic spacescapes created by digitally manipulating astronomy images? This paper provides a tour of how original black and white data, from all regimes of the electromagnetic spectrum, are converted into the color images gracing popular magazines, numerous websites, and even clothing. The history and method of the technical construction of these images is outlined. However, the paper focuses on introducing the scientific reader to visual literacy (e.g. human perception) and techniques from art (e.g. composition, color theory) since these techniques can produce not only striking but politically powerful public outreach images. When created by research astronomers, the cultures of science and visual art can be balanced and the image can illuminate scientific results sufficiently strongly that the images are also used in research publications. Included are reflections on how they could feedback into astronomy research endeavors and future forms of visualization as well as on the relevance of outreach images to visual art. (See the color online PDF version at http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0218271817300105; the figures can be enlarged in PDF viewers.)

A Novel and Freely Available Interactive 3d Model of the Internal Carotid Artery.

PubMed

Valera-Melé, Marc; Puigdellívol-Sánchez, Anna; Mavar-Haramija, Marija; Juanes-Méndez, Juan A; San-Román, Luis; de Notaris, Matteo; Prats-Galino, Alberto

2018-03-05

We describe a new and freely available 3D interactive model of the intracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) and the skull base that also allows to display and compare its main segment classifications. High-resolution 3D human angiography (isometric voxel's size 0.36 mm) and Computed Tomography angiography images were exported to Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) format for processing in a 3D software platform and embedding in a 3D Portable Document Format (PDF) document that can be freely downloaded at http://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/handle/2445/112442 and runs under Acrobat Reader on Mac and Windows computers and Windows 10 tablets. The 3D-PDF allows for visualisation and interaction through JavaScript-based functions (including zoom, rotation, selective visualization and transparentation of structures or a predefined sequence view of the main segment classifications if desired). The ICA and its main branches and loops, the Gasserian ganglion, the petrolingual ligament and the proximal and distal dural rings within the skull base environment (anterior and posterior clinoid processes, silla turcica, ethmoid and sphenoid bones, orbital fossae) may be visualized from different perspectives. This interactive 3D-PDF provides virtual views of the ICA and becomes an innovative tool to improve the understanding of the neuroanatomy of the ICA and surrounding structures.

Surficial Geologic Map of the Clinton-Concord-Grafton-Medfield 12-Quadrangle Area in East Central Massachusetts

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stone, Janet R.; Stone, Byron D.

2006-01-01

The surficial geologic map shows the distribution of nonlithified earth materials at land surface in an area of twelve 7.5-minute quadrangles (total 660 square miles) in east-central Massachusetts. The geologic map differentiates surficial materials of Quaternary age on the basis of their lithologic characteristics (grain size, sedimentary structures, mineral and rock-particle composition), constructional geomorphic features, stratigraphic relationships, and age. Surficial earth materials significantly affect human use of the land, and an accurate description of their distribution is particularly important for water resources, construction aggregate resources, earth-surface hazards assessments, and land-use decisions. This compilation of surficial geologic materials is an interim product that defines the areas of exposed bedrock, and the boundaries between glacial till, glacial stratified deposits, and overlying postglacial deposits. This work is part of a comprehensive study to produce a statewide digital map of the surficial geology at a 1:24,000-scale level of accuracy. This report includes explanatory text (PDF), a regional map at 1:50,000 scale (PDF), quadrangle maps at 1:24,000 scale (12 PDF files), GIS data layers (ArcGIS shapefiles), scanned topographic base maps (TIF), metadata for the GIS layers, and a readme.txt file.

Recent progress in the joint velocity-scalar PDF method

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Anand, M. S.

1995-01-01

This viewgraph presentation discusses joint velocity-scalar PDF method; turbulent combustion modeling issues for gas turbine combustors; PDF calculations for a recirculating flow; stochastic dissipation model; joint PDF calculations for swirling flows; spray calculations; reduced kinetics/manifold methods; parallel processing; and joint PDF focus areas.

77 FR 58991 - State-Level Guarantee Fee Pricing

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-25

.../relatedservicinginfo/pdf/foreclosuretimeframes.pdf and http://www.freddiemac.com/learn/pdfs/service/exhibit83.pdf . The... Relative to the National Average Estimated Cost per day Foreclosure average Total time to relative to Rank.../guides/ssg/relatedservicinginfo/pdf/foreclosuretimeframes.pdf and http://www.freddiemac.com/learn/pdfs...

Continuous particle separation using pressure-driven flow-induced miniaturizing free-flow electrophoresis (PDF-induced μ-FFE).

PubMed

Jeon, Hyungkook; Kim, Youngkyu; Lim, Geunbae

2016-01-28

In this paper, we introduce pressure-driven flow-induced miniaturizing free-flow electrophoresis (PDF-induced μ-FFE), a novel continuous separation method. In our separation system, the external flow and electric field are applied to particles, such that particle movement is affected by pressure-driven flow, electroosmosis, and electrophoresis. We then analyzed the hydrodynamic drag force and electrophoretic force applied to the particles in opposite directions. Based on this analysis, micro- and nano-sized particles were separated according to their electrophoretic mobilities with high separation efficiency. Because the separation can be achieved in a simple T-shaped microchannel, without the use of internal electrodes, it offers the advantages of low-cost, simple device fabrication and bubble-free operation, compared with conventional μ-FFE methods. Therefore, we expect the proposed separation method to have a wide range of filtering/separation applications in biochemical analysis.

Insights into nucleon structure from parton distributions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Melnitchouk, Wally

2017-05-01

We review recent progress in understanding the substructure of the nucleon from global QCD analysis of parton distribution functions (PDFs). New high-precision data onW-boson production in p ¯ p collisions have significantly reduced the uncertainty on the d=u PDF ratio at large values of x, indirectly constraining models of the medium modification of bound nucleons. Drell-Yan data from pp and pd scattering reveal new information on the d¯-u¯ asymmetry, clarifying the role of chiral symmetry breaking in the nucleon. In the strange sector, a new chiral SU(3) analysis finds a valence-like component of the strange-quark PDF, giving rise to amore » nontrivial s- ¯ s asymmetry at moderate x values. We also review recent analyses of charm in the nucleon, which have found conflicting indications of the size of the nonperturbative charm component.« less

Continuous particle separation using pressure-driven flow-induced miniaturizing free-flow electrophoresis (PDF-induced μ-FFE)

PubMed Central

Jeon, Hyungkook; Kim, Youngkyu; Lim, Geunbae

2016-01-01

In this paper, we introduce pressure-driven flow-induced miniaturizing free-flow electrophoresis (PDF-induced μ-FFE), a novel continuous separation method. In our separation system, the external flow and electric field are applied to particles, such that particle movement is affected by pressure-driven flow, electroosmosis, and electrophoresis. We then analyzed the hydrodynamic drag force and electrophoretic force applied to the particles in opposite directions. Based on this analysis, micro- and nano-sized particles were separated according to their electrophoretic mobilities with high separation efficiency. Because the separation can be achieved in a simple T-shaped microchannel, without the use of internal electrodes, it offers the advantages of low-cost, simple device fabrication and bubble-free operation, compared with conventional μ-FFE methods. Therefore, we expect the proposed separation method to have a wide range of filtering/separation applications in biochemical analysis. PMID:26819221

KSC-2011-7227

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-09-28

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- Cranes lift payload canister #2 from the transporter that delivered it to the Reutilization, Recycling and Marketing Facility on Ransom Road at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The two payload canisters used to transport space shuttle payloads to the launch pad for installation in the shuttles' cargo bays are being decommissioned following the end of the Space Shuttle Program. Each canister weighs 110,000 pounds and is 65 feet long, 22 feet wide, and 18 feet, 7 inches high. The canisters were prescreened through NASA Headquarters as possible artifacts, but their size makes them difficult to transport to locations off the center. Federal and state agencies now will be given the opportunity to screen the canisters for potential use before a final decision is made on their disposition. For more information, visit http://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/pdf/167403main_CRF-06.pdf. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

KSC-2011-7231

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-09-30

At NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, NASA's payload transportation canisters are displayed end-to-end outside the Reutilization, Recycling and Marketing Facility on Ransom Road. The two payload canisters are being decommissioned following the end of the Space Shuttle Program. The canisters delivered to the launch pad all space shuttle and space station cargo that required vertical installation into the shuttles' payload bays. Each canister weighs 110,000 pounds and is 65 feet long, 22 feet wide, and 18 feet, 7 inches high. The canisters were prescreened through NASA Headquarters as possible artifacts, but their size makes them difficult to transport to locations off the center. Federal and state agencies now will be given the opportunity to screen the canisters for potential use before a final decision is made on their disposition. For more information, visit http://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/pdf/167403main_CRF-06.pdf. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

KSC-2011-7230

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-09-30

At NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, NASA's payload transportation canisters rest end-to-end outside the Reutilization, Recycling and Marketing Facility on Ransom Road, their mission accomplished. The two payload canisters are being decommissioned following the end of the Space Shuttle Program. The canisters delivered to the launch pad all space shuttle and space station cargo that required vertical installation into the shuttles' payload bays. Each canister weighs 110,000 pounds and is 65 feet long, 22 feet wide, and 18 feet, 7 inches high. The canisters were prescreened through NASA Headquarters as possible artifacts, but their size makes them difficult to transport to locations off the center. Federal and state agencies now will be given the opportunity to screen the canisters for potential use before a final decision is made on their disposition. For more information, visit http://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/pdf/167403main_CRF-06.pdf. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

Disaster Preparation and Recovery - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Telephone Alerts - العربية (Arabic) PDF Healthy Roads Media Tornadoes - English PDF Tornadoes - العربية (Arabic) PDF Healthy Roads Media Volunteers Needed - ... Telephone Alerts - bosanski (Bosnian) MP4 Healthy Roads Media Tornadoes - English PDF Tornadoes - bosanski (Bosnian) PDF Tornadoes - English ...

Metabolic inactivation of the circadian transmitter, pigment dispersing factor (PDF), by neprilysin-like peptidases in Drosophila.

PubMed

Isaac, R Elwyn; Johnson, Erik C; Audsley, Neil; Shirras, Alan D

2007-12-01

Recent studies have firmly established pigment dispersing factor (PDF), a C-terminally amidated octodecapeptide, as a key neurotransmitter regulating rhythmic circadian locomotory behaviours in adult Drosophila melanogaster. The mechanisms by which PDF functions as a circadian peptide transmitter are not fully understood, however; in particular, nothing is known about the role of extracellular peptidases in terminating PDF signalling at synapses. In this study we show that PDF is susceptible to hydrolysis by neprilysin, an endopeptidase that is enriched in synaptic membranes of mammals and insects. Neprilysin cleaves PDF at the internal Ser7-Leu8 peptide bond to generate PDF1-7 and PDF8-18. Neither of these fragments were able to increase intracellular cAMP levels in HEK293 cells cotransfected with the Drosophila PDF receptor cDNA and a firefly luciferase reporter gene, confirming that such cleavage results in PDF inactivation. The Ser7-Leu8 peptide bond was also the principal cleavage site when PDF was incubated with membranes prepared from heads of adult Drosophila. This endopeptidase activity was inhibited by the neprilysin inhibitors phosphoramidon (IC(50,) 0.15 micromol l(-1)) and thiorphan (IC(50,) 1.2 micromol l(-1)). We propose that cleavage by a member of the Drosophila neprilysin family of endopeptidases is the most likely mechanism for inactivating synaptic PDF and that neprilysin might have an important role in regulating PDF signals within circadian neural circuits.

Persistent Deterioration of Functioning (PDF) and change in well-being in older persons.

PubMed

Jonker, Angèle A; Comijs, Hannie C; Knipscheer, Kees C; Deeg, Dorly J

2008-10-01

It is often assumed that aging is accompanied by diverse and constant functional and cognitive decline, and it is therefore surprising that the well-being of older persons does not appear to decline in the same way. This study investigates longitudinally whether well-being in older persons changes due to Persistent Deterioration of Functioning (PDF). Data were collected in the context of the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). Conditions of PDF are persistent decline in cognitive functioning, physical functioning and increase in chronic diseases. Measurements of well-being included life satisfaction, positive affect, and valuation of life. T-tests were used to analyse mean difference scores for well-being, and univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to examine changes in three well-being outcomes in relation to PDF. Cross-sectional analyses showed significant differences and associations between the two PDF subgroups and non- PDF for well-being at T3. In longitudinal analyses, we found significant decreases in and associations with wellbeing over time in respondents fulfilling one PDF condition (mild PDF). For respondents fulfilling two or more PDF conditions (severe PDF), longitudinally no significant associations were found. Cognitive aspects of well-being (life satisfaction and valuation of life) and the affective element (positive affect) of well-being appear to be influenced negatively by mild PDF, whereas well-being does not seem to be diminished in persons with more severe PDF. This may be due to the ability to accept finally the inevitable situation of severe PDF.

Kinetic and dynamic probability-density-function descriptions of disperse turbulent two-phase flows

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Minier, Jean-Pierre; Profeta, Christophe

2015-11-01

This article analyzes the status of two classical one-particle probability density function (PDF) descriptions of the dynamics of discrete particles dispersed in turbulent flows. The first PDF formulation considers only the process made up by particle position and velocity Zp=(xp,Up) and is represented by its PDF p (t ;yp,Vp) which is the solution of a kinetic PDF equation obtained through a flux closure based on the Furutsu-Novikov theorem. The second PDF formulation includes fluid variables into the particle state vector, for example, the fluid velocity seen by particles Zp=(xp,Up,Us) , and, consequently, handles an extended PDF p (t ;yp,Vp,Vs) which is the solution of a dynamic PDF equation. For high-Reynolds-number fluid flows, a typical formulation of the latter category relies on a Langevin model for the trajectories of the fluid seen or, conversely, on a Fokker-Planck equation for the extended PDF. In the present work, a new derivation of the kinetic PDF equation is worked out and new physical expressions of the dispersion tensors entering the kinetic PDF equation are obtained by starting from the extended PDF and integrating over the fluid seen. This demonstrates that, under the same assumption of a Gaussian colored noise and irrespective of the specific stochastic model chosen for the fluid seen, the kinetic PDF description is the marginal of a dynamic PDF one. However, a detailed analysis reveals that kinetic PDF models of particle dynamics in turbulent flows described by statistical correlations constitute incomplete stand-alone PDF descriptions and, moreover, that present kinetic-PDF equations are mathematically ill posed. This is shown to be the consequence of the non-Markovian characteristic of the stochastic process retained to describe the system and the use of an external colored noise. Furthermore, developments bring out that well-posed PDF descriptions are essentially due to a proper choice of the variables selected to describe physical systems and guidelines are formulated to emphasize the key role played by the notion of slow and fast variables.

Accurate and quantitative polarization-sensitive OCT by unbiased birefringence estimator with noise-stochastic correction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kasaragod, Deepa; Sugiyama, Satoshi; Ikuno, Yasushi; Alonso-Caneiro, David; Yamanari, Masahiro; Fukuda, Shinichi; Oshika, Tetsuro; Hong, Young-Joo; Li, En; Makita, Shuichi; Miura, Masahiro; Yasuno, Yoshiaki

2016-03-01

Polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) is a functional extension of OCT that contrasts the polarization properties of tissues. It has been applied to ophthalmology, cardiology, etc. Proper quantitative imaging is required for a widespread clinical utility. However, the conventional method of averaging to improve the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and the contrast of the phase retardation (or birefringence) images introduce a noise bias offset from the true value. This bias reduces the effectiveness of birefringence contrast for a quantitative study. Although coherent averaging of Jones matrix tomography has been widely utilized and has improved the image quality, the fundamental limitation of nonlinear dependency of phase retardation and birefringence to the SNR was not overcome. So the birefringence obtained by PS-OCT was still not accurate for a quantitative imaging. The nonlinear effect of SNR to phase retardation and birefringence measurement was previously formulated in detail for a Jones matrix OCT (JM-OCT) [1]. Based on this, we had developed a maximum a-posteriori (MAP) estimator and quantitative birefringence imaging was demonstrated [2]. However, this first version of estimator had a theoretical shortcoming. It did not take into account the stochastic nature of SNR of OCT signal. In this paper, we present an improved version of the MAP estimator which takes into account the stochastic property of SNR. This estimator uses a probability distribution function (PDF) of true local retardation, which is proportional to birefringence, under a specific set of measurements of the birefringence and SNR. The PDF was pre-computed by a Monte-Carlo (MC) simulation based on the mathematical model of JM-OCT before the measurement. A comparison between this new MAP estimator, our previous MAP estimator [2], and the standard mean estimator is presented. The comparisons are performed both by numerical simulation and in vivo measurements of anterior and posterior eye segment as well as in skin imaging. The new estimator shows superior performance and also shows clearer image contrast.

Compilation of Disruptions to Airports by Volcanic Activity (Version 1.0, 1944-2006)

USGS Publications Warehouse

Guffanti, Marianne; Mayberry, Gari C.; Casadevall, Thomas J.; Wunderman, Richard

2008-01-01

Volcanic activity has caused significant hazards to numerous airports worldwide, with local to far-ranging effects on travelers and commerce. To more fully characterize the nature and scope of volcanic hazards to airports, we collected data on incidents of airports throughout the world that have been affected by volcanic activity, beginning in 1944 with the first documented instance of damage to modern aircraft and facilities in Naples, Italy, and extending through 2006. Information was gleaned from various sources, including news outlets, volcanological reports (particularly the Smithsonian Institution's Bulletin of the Global Volcanism Network), and previous publications on the topic. This report presents the full compilation of the data collected. For each incident, information about the affected airport and the volcanic source has been compiled as a record in a Microsoft Access database. The database is incomplete in so far as incidents may not have not been reported or documented, but it does present a good sample from diverse parts of the world. Not included are en-route diversions to avoid airborne ash clouds at cruise altitudes. The database has been converted to a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. To make the PDF version of table 1 in this open-file report resemble the spreadsheet, order the PDF pages as 12, 17, 22; 13, 18, 23; 14, 19, 24; 15, 20, 25; and 16, 21, 26. Analysis of the database reveals that, at a minimum, 101 airports in 28 countries were impacted on 171 occasions from 1944 through 2006 by eruptions at 46 volcanoes. The number of affected airports (101) probably is better constrained than the number of incidents (171) because recurring disruptions at a given airport may have been lumped together or not reported by news agencies, whereas the initial disruption likely is noticed and reported and thus the airport correctly counted.

Conditional probability distribution function of "energy transfer rate" (PDF(ɛ|PVI)) as compared with its counterpart of temperature (PDF(T|PVI)) at the same condition of fluctuation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, Jiansen; Wang, Yin; Pei, Zhongtian; Zhang, Lei; Tu, Chuanyi

2017-04-01

Energy transfer rate of turbulence is not uniform everywhere but suggested to follow a certain distribution, e.g., lognormal distribution (Kolmogorov 1962). The inhomogeneous transfer rate leads to emergence of intermittency, which may be identified with some parameter, e.g., normalized partial variance increments (PVI) (Greco et al., 2009). Large PVI of magnetic field fluctuations are found to have a temperature distribution with the median and mean values higher than that for small PVI level (Osman et al., 2012). However, there is a large proportion of overlap between temperature distributions associated with the smaller and larger PVIs. So it is recognized that only PVI cannot fully determine the temperature, since the one-to-one mapping relationship does not exist. One may be curious about the reason responsible for the considerable overlap of conditional temperature distribution for different levels of PVI. Usually the hotter plasma with higher temperature is speculated to be heated more with more dissipation of turbulence energy corresponding to more energy cascading rate, if the temperature fluctuation of the eigen wave mode is not taken into account. To explore the statistical relationship between turbulence cascading and plasma thermal state, we aim to study and reveal, for the first time, the conditional probability function of "energy transfer rate" under different levels of PVI condition (PDF(ɛ|PVI)), and compare it with the conditional probability function of temperature. The conditional probability distribution function, PDF(ɛ|PVI), is derived from PDF(PVI|ɛ)·PDF(ɛ)/PDF(PVI) according to the Bayesian theorem. PDF(PVI) can be obtained directly from the data. PDF(ɛ) is derived from the conjugate-gradient inversion of PDF(PVI) by assuming reasonably that PDF(δB|σ) is a Gaussian distribution, where PVI=|δB|/ σ and σ ( ɛι)1/3. PDF(ɛ) can also be acquired from fitting PDF(δB) with an integral function ∫PDF(δB|σ)PDF(σ)d σ. As a result, PDF(ɛ|PVI) is found to shift to higher median value of ɛ with increasing PVI but with a significant overlap of PDFs for different PVIs. Therefore, PDF(ɛ|PVI) is similar to PDF(T|PVI) in the sense of slow migration along with increasing PVI. The detailed comparison between these two conditional PDFs are also performed.

China in Mexico: More Opportunity than Risk

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-10-17

FDI Quality, and Plant Mortality,” World Development 37, 6 (2011): 1069- 1082 , http://ea.panam.edu/cbes/pdf/WorkingPaper1- 06.pdf. 26 Ayala, “The...1069- 1082 , http://ea.panam.edu/cbes/pdf/WorkingPaper1- 06.pdf. 9 What the study did identify were policies pursuing “proximity dependent...Mortality.” World Development 37, 6, (2011): 1069- 1082 . http://ea.panam.edu/cbes/pdf/WorkingPaper1-06.pdf. 19 Sauvant, Karl P., and Ken Davies

Pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) has different effects on Drosophila's circadian clocks in the accessory medulla and in the dorsal brain.

PubMed

Wülbeck, Corinna; Grieshaber, Eva; Helfrich-Förster, Charlotte

2008-10-01

The neuropeptide pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) is a key transmitter in the circadian clock of Drosophila melanogaster. Here we studied the rhythmic behavior of neural mutants with modified arborizations of the large PDF neurons. In sine oculis(1) (so(1)) mutants we found a higher density of PDF fibers in the fly's pacemaker center, the accessory medulla. These flies exhibited a significantly longer period (24.6 h) than control flies. When PDF levels were elevated to very high levels in the dorsal brain as true for so(mda) mutants and small optic lobes;so(1) double mutants (sol(1);so( 1)), a short-period component split off the long period in behavioral rhythmicity. The short period became shorter the higher the amount of PDF in this brain region and reached a value of approximately 21 h. The period alterations were clearly dependent on PDF, because so(1);Pdf 01 and so(mda);Pdf 01 double mutants showed a single free-running component with a period similar to Pdf 01 mutants (approximately 22.5 h) and significantly longer than the short period of so(mda) mutants. These observations indicate that PDF feeds back on the clock neurons and changes their period. Obviously, PDF lengthens the period of some clock neurons and shortens that of others.

Health Information in Hindi (हिन्दी)

MedlinePlus

... हिन्दी (Hindi) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Power Outages - English PDF Power Outages - हिन्दी (Hindi) Bilingual PDF Health Information ... हिन्दी (Hindi) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Nuclear Scans Bone Scan - English PDF Bone Scan - हि ...

The in vitro toxicity of peritoneal dialysis fluid.

PubMed

Manuprasert, Wasin; Kanchanabuch, Sirigul; Eiam-Ong, Somchai; Kanjanabuch, Talerngsak

2011-09-01

To investigate the toxicity of peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) components on peritoneal changes in primary human mesothelial cell. To investigate the mechanism of changes, primary human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) were isolated from human omental tissue and were exposed for 15 hours with the various concentrations of conventional PDF and various PDF components. The mesothelial injury was determined by calculating a ratio of supernatant and total intracellular LDH while mesothelial apoptosis was assessed and counted by positive TUNEL staining and flow cytometry, respectively. PDF caused mesothelial detachment, de-differentiation, cell injuries, and apoptosis and this depended on the concentrations of PDF. The acidic condition and high glucose concentration likely played a major role in the HPMC injuries and detachment while individual PDF component could not yield mesothelial apoptosis as severe as the whole PDF effects. Thus, the additive effects of PDF composition, instead of the effect of each component, contributed to dialysis-related HPMC damages. PDF showed concentration dependent fashion-induced HPMC injury, dedifferentiation, and apoptosis. All of the abnormalities occurred by the additive effects of PDF components.

Scalar Dissipation Modeling for Passive and Active Scalars: a priori Study Using Direct Numerical Simulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Selle, L. C.; Bellan, Josette

2006-01-01

Transitional databases from Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of three-dimensional mixing layers for single-phase flows and two-phase flows with evaporation are analyzed and used to examine the typical hypothesis that the scalar dissipation Probability Distribution Function (PDF) may be modeled as a Gaussian. The databases encompass a single-component fuel and four multicomponent fuels, two initial Reynolds numbers (Re), two mass loadings for two-phase flows and two free-stream gas temperatures. Using the DNS calculated moments of the scalar-dissipation PDF, it is shown, consistent with existing experimental information on single-phase flows, that the Gaussian is a modest approximation of the DNS-extracted PDF, particularly poor in the range of the high scalar-dissipation values, which are significant for turbulent reaction rate modeling in non-premixed flows using flamelet models. With the same DNS calculated moments of the scalar-dissipation PDF and making a change of variables, a model of this PDF is proposed in the form of the (beta)-PDF which is shown to approximate much better the DNS-extracted PDF, particularly in the regime of the high scalar-dissipation values. Several types of statistical measures are calculated over the ensemble of the fourteen databases. For each statistical measure, the proposed (beta)-PDF model is shown to be much superior to the Gaussian in approximating the DNS-extracted PDF. Additionally, the agreement between the DNS-extracted PDF and the (beta)-PDF even improves when the comparison is performed for higher initial Re layers, whereas the comparison with the Gaussian is independent of the initial Re values. For two-phase flows, the comparison between the DNS-extracted PDF and the (beta)-PDF also improves with increasing free-stream gas temperature and mass loading. The higher fidelity approximation of the DNS-extracted PDF by the (beta)-PDF with increasing Re, gas temperature and mass loading bodes well for turbulent reaction rate modeling.

Comparing Growth Rates after Hospital Discharge of Preterm Infants Fed with Either Post-Discharge Formula or High-Protein, Medium-Chain Triglyceride Containing Formula.

PubMed

Ekcharoen, Chanikarn; Tantibhaedhyangkul, Ruangvith

2015-12-01

To evaluate whether a high energy, high-protein, MCT-containing formula (HPMCT) is as appropriate as a post-discharge formula (PDF) for feeding preterm infants after hospital discharge by comparing growth, adverse effects, and cost per gram of bodyweight gain. The present study was a randomized controlled trial. The calculated sample size was 20 infants for each intervention group. After the consent procedure, preterm infants who had postconceptional age (PCA) 35⁺¹ to 36⁺⁰ weeks and weight between 1,800 and 3,000 g at hospital discharge were randomly enrolled to receive either PDF or HPMCT starting from the discharge day. Intervention period lasted at least 28 days and until the infant's weight was at least 3,000 g or PCA was at least 40⁺⁰ weeks. Body weight, length, and head circumference were measured on days 0, 14, 28, 56, and 84 after hospital discharge. Formula intakes and adverse symptoms (abdominal distension, diarrhea, and constipation) were recorded by parents before each visit in diaries provided by the study group. Cost was calculated from estimated actual formula intakes. There were six and five infants enrolled into PDF and HPMCT group, respectively. Demographic data were not different between the two groups. There were no significant differences of growth rates in both groups at days 28, 56, and 84 after hospital discharge. Adverse effects and costs were not different either. PDF and HPMCT might be comparably appropriate for feeding catching-up preterm infants after hospital discharge, as noted from growth rates, adverse effects, and costs. However, further studies involving biochemical and neurodevelopmental evaluation, with long-term follow-up in larger populations are needed to clearly compare both formulas.

Modeling Pair Distribution Functions of Rare-Earth Phosphate Glasses Using Principal Component Analysis.

PubMed

Cole, Jacqueline M; Cheng, Xie; Payne, Michael C

2016-11-07

The use of principal component analysis (PCA) to statistically infer features of local structure from experimental pair distribution function (PDF) data is assessed on a case study of rare-earth phosphate glasses (REPGs). Such glasses, codoped with two rare-earth ions (R and R') of different sizes and optical properties, are of interest to the laser industry. The determination of structure-property relationships in these materials is an important aspect of their technological development. Yet, realizing the local structure of codoped REPGs presents significant challenges relative to their singly doped counterparts; specifically, R and R' are difficult to distinguish in terms of establishing relative material compositions, identifying atomic pairwise correlation profiles in a PDF that are associated with each ion, and resolving peak overlap of such profiles in PDFs. This study demonstrates that PCA can be employed to help overcome these structural complications, by statistically inferring trends in PDFs that exist for a restricted set of experimental data on REPGs, and using these as training data to predict material compositions and PDF profiles in unknown codoped REPGs. The application of these PCA methods to resolve individual atomic pairwise correlations in t(r) signatures is also presented. The training methods developed for these structural predictions are prevalidated by testing their ability to reproduce known physical phenomena, such as the lanthanide contraction, on PDF signatures of the structurally simpler singly doped REPGs. The intrinsic limitations of applying PCA to analyze PDFs relative to the quality control of source data, data processing, and sample definition, are also considered. While this case study is limited to lanthanide-doped REPGs, this type of statistical inference may easily be extended to other inorganic solid-state materials and be exploited in large-scale data-mining efforts that probe many t(r) functions.

Military Review: The Professional Journal of the U.S. Army, Volume 90, Number 1, January-February 2000

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-02-01

Bulletin 100-99-5/6 Now available in Adobe Acrobat ( pdf ) format CONTENTS Editorial PDF 2 Korean Conflict: A 50-Year Perspective 3 Task Force Smith...Revisited PDF by Lieutenant Colonel Joseph G.D. Babb, US Army, Retired 14 Harnessing Thunderbolts PDF by Major Kelly C. Jordan, US Army 20 North Korea...and the Bomb PDF by Stanley Weintraub 28 Busting Through PDF by Colonel John F. Antal, US Army 40 Planning for Major Theater Wars: Examining the

Functional PDF Signaling in the Drosophila Circadian Neural Circuit Is Gated by Ral A-Dependent Modulation.

PubMed

Klose, Markus; Duvall, Laura; Li, Weihua; Liang, Xitong; Ren, Chi; Steinbach, Joe Henry; Taghert, Paul H

2016-05-18

The neuropeptide PDF promotes the normal sequencing of circadian behavioral rhythms in Drosophila, but its signaling mechanisms are not well understood. We report daily rhythmicity in responsiveness to PDF in critical pacemakers called small LNvs. There is a daily change in potency, as great as 10-fold higher, around dawn. The rhythm persists in constant darkness and does not require endogenous ligand (PDF) signaling or rhythmic receptor gene transcription. Furthermore, rhythmic responsiveness reflects the properties of the pacemaker cell type, not the receptor. Dopamine responsiveness also cycles, in phase with that of PDF, in the same pacemakers, but does not cycle in large LNv. The activity of RalA GTPase in s-LNv regulates PDF responsiveness and behavioral locomotor rhythms. Additionally, cell-autonomous PDF signaling reversed the circadian behavioral effects of lowered RalA activity. Thus, RalA activity confers high PDF responsiveness, providing a daily gate around the dawn hours to promote functional PDF signaling. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Widespread receptivity to neuropeptide PDF throughout the neuronal circadian clock network of Drosophila revealed by real-time cyclic AMP imaging.

PubMed

Shafer, Orie T; Kim, Dong Jo; Dunbar-Yaffe, Richard; Nikolaev, Viacheslav O; Lohse, Martin J; Taghert, Paul H

2008-04-24

The neuropeptide PDF is released by sixteen clock neurons in Drosophila and helps maintain circadian activity rhythms by coordinating a network of approximately 150 neuronal clocks. Whether PDF acts directly on elements of this neural network remains unknown. We address this question by adapting Epac1-camps, a genetically encoded cAMP FRET sensor, for use in the living brain. We find that a subset of the PDF-expressing neurons respond to PDF with long-lasting cAMP increases and confirm that such responses require the PDF receptor. In contrast, an unrelated Drosophila neuropeptide, DH31, stimulates large cAMP increases in all PDF-expressing clock neurons. Thus, the network of approximately 150 clock neurons displays widespread, though not uniform, PDF receptivity. This work introduces a sensitive means of measuring cAMP changes in a living brain with subcellular resolution. Specifically, it experimentally confirms the longstanding hypothesis that PDF is a direct modulator of most neurons in the Drosophila clock network.

Functional PDF Signaling in the Drosophila Circadian Neural Circuit is Gated by Ral A-Dependent Modulation

PubMed Central

Liang, Xitong; Ren, Chi; Steinbach, Joe Henry; Taghert, Paul H.

2016-01-01

The neuropeptide PDF promotes the normal sequencing of circadian behavioral rhythms in Drosophila, but its signaling mechanisms are not well understood. We report daily rhythmicity in responsiveness to PDF in critical pacemakers called small LNvs. There is a daily change in potency, as great as 10-fold higher, around dawn. The rhythm persists in constant darkness, does not require endogenous ligand (PDF) signaling, or rhythmic receptor gene transcription. Furthermore, rhythmic responsiveness reflects the properties of the pacemaker cell type, not the receptor. Dopamine responsiveness also cycles, in phase with that of PDF, in the same pacemakers, but does not cycle in large LNv. The activity of RalA GTPase in s-LNv regulates PDF responsiveness and behavioral locomotor rhythms. Additional, cell autonomous PDF signaling reversed the circadian behavioral effects of lowered RalA activity. Thus RalA activity confers high PDF responsiveness, providing a daily gate around the dawn hours to promote functional PDF signaling. PMID:27161526

Overexpression of peptide deformylase in breast, colon, and lung cancers.

PubMed

Randhawa, Harsharan; Chikara, Shireen; Gehring, Drew; Yildirim, Tuba; Menon, Jyotsana; Reindl, Katie M

2013-07-01

Human mitochondrial peptide deformylase (PDF) has been proposed as a novel cancer therapeutic target. However, very little is known about its expression and regulation in human tissues. The purpose of this study was to characterize the expression pattern of PDF in cancerous tissues and to identify mechanisms that regulate its expression. The mRNA expression levels of PDF and methionine aminopeptidase 1D (MAP1D), an enzyme involved in a related pathway with PDF, were determined using tissue panels containing cDNA from patients with various types of cancer (breast, colon, kidney, liver, lung, ovarian, prostate, or thyroid) and human cell lines. Protein levels of PDF were also determined in 2 colon cancer patients via western blotting. Colon cancer cells were treated with inhibitors of ERK, Akt, and mTOR signaling pathways and the resulting effects on PDF and MAP1D mRNA levels were determined by qPCR for colon and lung cancer cell lines. Finally, the effects of a PDF inhibitor, actinonin, on the proliferation of breast, colon, and prostate cell lines were determined using the CyQUANT assay. PDF and MAP1D mRNA levels were elevated in cancer cell lines compared to non-cancer lines. PDF mRNA levels were significantly increased in breast, colon, and lung cancer samples while MAP1D mRNA levels were increased in just colon cancers. The expression of PDF and MAP1D varied with stage in these cancers. Further, PDF protein expression was elevated in colon cancer tissue samples. Inhibition of the MEK/ERK, but not PI3K or mTOR, pathway reduced the expression of PDF and MAP1D in both colon and lung cancer cell lines. Further, inhibition of PDF with actinonin resulted in greater reduction of breast, colon, and prostate cancer cell proliferation than non-cancer cell lines. This is the first report showing that PDF is over-expressed in breast, colon, and lung cancers, and the first evidence that the MEK/ERK pathway plays a role in regulating the expression of PDF and MAP1D. The over-expression of PDF in several cancers and the inhibition of cancer cell growth by a PDF inhibitor suggest this enzyme may act as an oncogene to promote cancer cell proliferation.

Overexpression of peptide deformylase in breast, colon, and lung cancers

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Human mitochondrial peptide deformylase (PDF) has been proposed as a novel cancer therapeutic target. However, very little is known about its expression and regulation in human tissues. The purpose of this study was to characterize the expression pattern of PDF in cancerous tissues and to identify mechanisms that regulate its expression. Methods The mRNA expression levels of PDF and methionine aminopeptidase 1D (MAP1D), an enzyme involved in a related pathway with PDF, were determined using tissue panels containing cDNA from patients with various types of cancer (breast, colon, kidney, liver, lung, ovarian, prostate, or thyroid) and human cell lines. Protein levels of PDF were also determined in 2 colon cancer patients via western blotting. Colon cancer cells were treated with inhibitors of ERK, Akt, and mTOR signaling pathways and the resulting effects on PDF and MAP1D mRNA levels were determined by qPCR for colon and lung cancer cell lines. Finally, the effects of a PDF inhibitor, actinonin, on the proliferation of breast, colon, and prostate cell lines were determined using the CyQUANT assay. Results PDF and MAP1D mRNA levels were elevated in cancer cell lines compared to non-cancer lines. PDF mRNA levels were significantly increased in breast, colon, and lung cancer samples while MAP1D mRNA levels were increased in just colon cancers. The expression of PDF and MAP1D varied with stage in these cancers. Further, PDF protein expression was elevated in colon cancer tissue samples. Inhibition of the MEK/ERK, but not PI3K or mTOR, pathway reduced the expression of PDF and MAP1D in both colon and lung cancer cell lines. Further, inhibition of PDF with actinonin resulted in greater reduction of breast, colon, and prostate cancer cell proliferation than non-cancer cell lines. Conclusions This is the first report showing that PDF is over-expressed in breast, colon, and lung cancers, and the first evidence that the MEK/ERK pathway plays a role in regulating the expression of PDF and MAP1D. The over-expression of PDF in several cancers and the inhibition of cancer cell growth by a PDF inhibitor suggest this enzyme may act as an oncogene to promote cancer cell proliferation. PMID:23815882

Health Information in Somali (Af-Soomaali )

MedlinePlus

... Af-Soomaali (Somali) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Pendulum Exercises for Shoulder - Af-Soomaali (Somali) Bilingual PDF ... Af-Soomaali (Somali) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Pendulum Exercises for Shoulder - Af-Soomaali (Somali) Bilingual PDF ...

Alzheimer's Caregivers: MedlinePlus Health Topic

MedlinePlus

... in Older Adults (National Institute on Aging) - PDF Wandering and Alzheimer's Disease (National Institute on Aging) - PDF ... in Older Adults (National Institute on Aging) - PDF Wandering and Alzheimer's Disease (National Institute on Aging) - PDF ...

Comparative analysis of Pdf-mediated circadian behaviors between Drosophila melanogaster and D. virilis.

PubMed

Bahn, Jae Hoon; Lee, Gyunghee; Park, Jae H

2009-03-01

A group of small ventrolateral neurons (s-LN(v)'s) are the principal pacemaker for circadian locomotor rhythmicity of Drosophila melanogaster, and the pigment-dispersing factor (Pdf) neuropeptide plays an essential role as a clock messenger within these neurons. In our comparative studies on Pdf-associated circadian rhythms, we found that daily locomotor activity patterns of D. virilis were significantly different from those of D. melanogaster. Activities of D. virilis adults were mainly restricted to the photophase under light:dark cycles and subsequently became arrhythmic or weakly rhythmic in constant conditions. Such activity patterns resemble those of Pdf(01) mutant of D. melanogaster. Intriguingly, endogenous D. virilis Pdf (DvPdf) expression was not detected in the s-LN(v)-like neurons in the adult brains, implying that the Pdf(01)-like behavioral phenotypes of D. virilis are attributed in part to the lack of DvPdf in the s-LN(v)-like neurons. Heterologous transgenic analysis showed that cis-regulatory elements of the DvPdf transgene are capable of directing their expression in all endogenous Pdf neurons including s-LN(v)'s, as well as in non-Pdf clock neurons (LN(d)'s and fifth s-LN(v)) in a D. melanogaster host. Together these findings suggest a significant difference in the regulatory mechanisms of Pdf transcription between the two species and such a difference is causally associated with species-specific establishment of daily locomotor activity patterns.

HSP induction in mesothelial cells by peritoneal dialysis fluid depends on biocompatibility test system.

PubMed

Bender, Thorsten O; Kratochwill, Klaus; Böhm, Michael; Jörres, Achim; Aufricht, Christoph

2011-05-01

We have previously shown that exposure of mesothelial cells (MC) to peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDF) not only caused toxic injury, but also induced cytoprotective heat shock proteins (HSP). This study was performed in order to compare HSP expression in MC upon PDF exposure in three currently used biocompatibility test systems. Omentum-derived human peritoneal MC underwent 3 modalities of exposure to heat- or filter-sterilized PDF: (A) pure PDF for 60 minutes followed by a recovery-period in pure culture medium for 24 hours; (B) 1:1 mixture of PDF and culture medium for 24 hours or (C) pure PDF for 60 minutes followed by a recovery-period in a 1:1 mixture of PDF and culture medium for 24 hours. Biocompatibility was assessed by LDH-release into the supernatant and HSP-72 expression in MC lysates. Short-term exposure of MC to pure PDF (Modality A) resulted in concordant LDH release and upregulation of HSP-72, regardless of heat or filter sterilization. In contrast, both test systems that exposed MC to heat-sterilized PDF during the recovery period (Modalities B and C) resulted in severe cellular lethality but low HSP-72 expression. This study clearly shows that HSP expression in MC upon PDF exposure depends on the biocompatibility test system. The presence of heat-sterilized PDF during recovery resulted in significant downregulation of Hsp-72 despite severe cell injury. Therefore, Hsp-72 expression reflects adequate cellular stress responses rather than PDF cytotoxicity.

New Approaches for Very Large-Scale Integer Programming

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-24

existing algorithms. This research has been presented at several conferences and has and will appear in archival journals. 15. SUBJECT TERMS integer...This research has been presented at several conferences and has and will appear in archival journals. Distribution Statement This is block 12 on the...pdf Upload a Report Document, if any. The maximum file size for the Report Document is 50MB. Archival Publications (published) during reporting

Supernova Cosmology Project

Science.gov Websites

universe. PDF Top panel only of previous Hubble diagram Figure 6 PDF Figure 8 Confidence regions for Omega_Mass vs Omega_Lambda PDF Figure 8 with results from CMB and galaxy cluster data added. PDF Figure 12 Joint measurements of Omega_Mass and w assuming a flat universe and w constant in time. PDF These slides

78 FR 27431 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-3D PDF Consortium...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-10

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78 FR 72713 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-3D PDF Consortium...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-03

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32 CFR 105.1 - Purpose

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...,” December 16, 2011, can be found at http://www.sapr.mil/media/pdf/policy/DTM-11-063.pdf and DTM 11-062... Report on Care for Victims of Sexual Assault,” April 2004, can be found at http://www.sapr.mil/media/pdf.../media/pdf/policy/DTM-11-063.pdf; (14) DTM 11-062, “Document Retention in Cases of Restricted and...

32 CFR 105.1 - Purpose

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...,” December 16, 2011, can be found at http://www.sapr.mil/media/pdf/policy/DTM-11-063.pdf and DTM 11-062... Report on Care for Victims of Sexual Assault,” April 2004, can be found at http://www.sapr.mil/media/pdf.../media/pdf/policy/DTM-11-063.pdf; (14) DTM 11-062, “Document Retention in Cases of Restricted and...

High-energy X-ray focusing and applications to pair distribution function investigation of Pt and Au nanoparticles at high pressures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hong, Xinguo; Ehm, Lars; Zhong, Zhong

We report development of micro-focusing optics for high-energy x-rays by combining a sagittally bent Laue crystal monchromator with Kirkpatrick-Baez (K–B) X-ray focusing mirrors. The optical system is able to provide a clean, high-flux X-ray beam suitable for pair distribution function (PDF) measurements at high pressure using a diamond anvil cell (DAC). A focused beam of moderate size (10–15 μm) has been achieved at energies of 66 and 81keV. PDF data for nanocrystalline platinum (n-Pt) were collected at 12.5 GPa with a single 5 s X-ray exposure, showing that the in-situ compression, decompression, and relaxation behavior of samples in the DACmore » can be investigated with this technique. PDFs of n-Pt and nano Au (n-Au) under quasi-hydrostatic loading to as high as 71GPa indicate the existence of substantial reduction of grain or domain size for Pt and Au nanoparticles at pressures below 10 GPa. In conclusion, the coupling of sagittally bent Laue crystals with K–B mirrors provides a useful means to focus high-energy synchrotron X-rays from a bending magnet or wiggler source.« less

High-energy X-ray focusing and applications to pair distribution function investigation of Pt and Au nanoparticles at high pressures

DOE PAGES

Hong, Xinguo; Ehm, Lars; Zhong, Zhong; ...

2016-02-23

We report development of micro-focusing optics for high-energy x-rays by combining a sagittally bent Laue crystal monchromator with Kirkpatrick-Baez (K–B) X-ray focusing mirrors. The optical system is able to provide a clean, high-flux X-ray beam suitable for pair distribution function (PDF) measurements at high pressure using a diamond anvil cell (DAC). A focused beam of moderate size (10–15 μm) has been achieved at energies of 66 and 81keV. PDF data for nanocrystalline platinum (n-Pt) were collected at 12.5 GPa with a single 5 s X-ray exposure, showing that the in-situ compression, decompression, and relaxation behavior of samples in the DACmore » can be investigated with this technique. PDFs of n-Pt and nano Au (n-Au) under quasi-hydrostatic loading to as high as 71GPa indicate the existence of substantial reduction of grain or domain size for Pt and Au nanoparticles at pressures below 10 GPa. In conclusion, the coupling of sagittally bent Laue crystals with K–B mirrors provides a useful means to focus high-energy synchrotron X-rays from a bending magnet or wiggler source.« less

High-energy X-ray focusing and applications to pair distribution function investigation of Pt and Au nanoparticles at high pressures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hong, Xinguo; Ehm, Lars; Zhong, Zhong; Ghose, Sanjit; Duffy, Thomas S.; Weidner, Donald J.

2016-02-01

We report development of micro-focusing optics for high-energy x-rays by combining a sagittally bent Laue crystal monchromator with Kirkpatrick-Baez (K-B) X-ray focusing mirrors. The optical system is able to provide a clean, high-flux X-ray beam suitable for pair distribution function (PDF) measurements at high pressure using a diamond anvil cell (DAC). A focused beam of moderate size (10-15 μm) has been achieved at energies of 66 and 81 keV. PDF data for nanocrystalline platinum (n-Pt) were collected at 12.5 GPa with a single 5 s X-ray exposure, showing that the in-situ compression, decompression, and relaxation behavior of samples in the DAC can be investigated with this technique. PDFs of n-Pt and nano Au (n-Au) under quasi-hydrostatic loading to as high as 71 GPa indicate the existence of substantial reduction of grain or domain size for Pt and Au nanoparticles at pressures below 10 GPa. The coupling of sagittally bent Laue crystals with K-B mirrors provides a useful means to focus high-energy synchrotron X-rays from a bending magnet or wiggler source.

High-energy X-ray focusing and applications to pair distribution function investigation of Pt and Au nanoparticles at high pressures

PubMed Central

Hong, Xinguo; Ehm, Lars; Zhong, Zhong; Ghose, Sanjit; Duffy, Thomas S.; Weidner, Donald J.

2016-01-01

We report development of micro-focusing optics for high-energy x-rays by combining a sagittally bent Laue crystal monchromator with Kirkpatrick-Baez (K–B) X-ray focusing mirrors. The optical system is able to provide a clean, high-flux X-ray beam suitable for pair distribution function (PDF) measurements at high pressure using a diamond anvil cell (DAC). A focused beam of moderate size (10–15 μm) has been achieved at energies of 66 and 81 keV. PDF data for nanocrystalline platinum (n-Pt) were collected at 12.5 GPa with a single 5 s X-ray exposure, showing that the in-situ compression, decompression, and relaxation behavior of samples in the DAC can be investigated with this technique. PDFs of n-Pt and nano Au (n-Au) under quasi-hydrostatic loading to as high as 71 GPa indicate the existence of substantial reduction of grain or domain size for Pt and Au nanoparticles at pressures below 10 GPa. The coupling of sagittally bent Laue crystals with K–B mirrors provides a useful means to focus high-energy synchrotron X-rays from a bending magnet or wiggler source. PMID:26902122

An effective inversion algorithm for retrieving bimodal aerosol particle size distribution from spectral extinction data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, Zhenzong; Qi, Hong; Yao, Yuchen; Ruan, Liming

2014-12-01

The Ant Colony Optimization algorithm based on the probability density function (PDF-ACO) is applied to estimate the bimodal aerosol particle size distribution (PSD). The direct problem is solved by the modified Anomalous Diffraction Approximation (ADA, as an approximation for optically large and soft spheres, i.e., χ⪢1 and |m-1|⪡1) and the Beer-Lambert law. First, a popular bimodal aerosol PSD and three other bimodal PSDs are retrieved in the dependent model by the multi-wavelength extinction technique. All the results reveal that the PDF-ACO algorithm can be used as an effective technique to investigate the bimodal PSD. Then, the Johnson's SB (J-SB) function and the modified beta (M-β) function are employed as the general distribution function to retrieve the bimodal PSDs under the independent model. Finally, the J-SB and M-β functions are applied to recover actual measurement aerosol PSDs over Beijing and Shanghai obtained from the aerosol robotic network (AERONET). The numerical simulation and experimental results demonstrate that these two general functions, especially the J-SB function, can be used as a versatile distribution function to retrieve the bimodal aerosol PSD when no priori information about the PSD is available.

Daily rhythms in locomotor circuits in Drosophila involve PDF

PubMed Central

Pírez, Nicolás; Christmann, Bethany L.

2013-01-01

The neuropeptide pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) has been studied extensively in Drosophila, and its role in circadian time-keeping has been firmly established. The role of PDF outside of the clock circuit, however, is poorly understood. A recent study suggested that PDF may act on the ellipsoid body (EB) to link the clock and sleep/activity circuits. We performed whole brain optical imaging with the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based cAMP sensor Epac1-camps expressed under control of the pdfR promoter to address how the clock and sleep deprivation affect the physiology of these cells. Basal cAMP levels in EB were regulated both by PDF and synaptic inputs that are controlled by the circadian clock. Acute application of PDF to the brain caused a significant, and PDF-receptor-dependent, increase in cAMP in EB cells. Application of TTX to block circuit-mediated effects of PDF increased the morning response but not the response at night, implying the existence of a temporally regulated, PDF-stimulated input that blocks cAMP generation. ACh produced both direct (TTX-insensitive) and indirect (TTX-sensitive) increases in cAMP during the day but was totally TTX-insensitive at night, indicating that ACh-stimulated inputs to the EB are suppressed at night. Sleep deprivation did not affect the cAMP responses of these cells to either PDF or ACh. These results suggest a novel role for PDF as a modulator of activity outside of the clock circuit. By elucidating the mechanisms by which the neuropeptide PDF act on its target cells, our work contributes to our understating of how the central clock coordinates activity and sleep. PMID:23678016

PDF and cAMP enhance PER stability in Drosophila clock neurons

PubMed Central

Li, Yue; Guo, Fang; Shen, James; Rosbash, Michael

2014-01-01

The neuropeptide PDF is important for Drosophila circadian rhythms: pdf01 (pdf-null) animals are mostly arrhythmic or short period in constant darkness and have an advanced activity peak in light–dark conditions. PDF contributes to the amplitude, synchrony, as well as the pace of circadian rhythms within clock neurons. PDF is known to increase cAMP levels in PDR receptor (PDFR)-containing neurons. However, there is no known connection of PDF or of cAMP with the Drosophila molecular clockworks. We discovered that the mutant period gene perS ameliorates the phenotypes of pdf-null flies. The period protein (PER) is a well-studied repressor of clock gene transcription, and the perS protein (PERS) has a markedly short half-life. The result therefore suggests that the PDF-mediated increase in cAMP might lengthen circadian period by directly enhancing PER stability. Indeed, increasing cAMP levels and cAMP-mediated protein kinase A (PKA) activity stabilizes PER, in S2 tissue culture cells and in fly circadian neurons. Adding PDF to fly brains in vitro has a similar effect. Consistent with these relationships, a light pulse causes more prominent PER degradation in pdf01 circadian neurons than in wild-type neurons. The results indicate that PDF contributes to clock neuron synchrony by increasing cAMP and PKA, which enhance PER stability and decrease clock speed in intrinsically fast-paced PDFR-containing clock neurons. We further suggest that the more rapid degradation of PERS bypasses PKA regulation and makes the pace of clock neurons more uniform, allowing them to avoid much of the asynchrony caused by the absence of PDF. PMID:24707054

Daily rhythms in locomotor circuits in Drosophila involve PDF.

PubMed

Pírez, Nicolás; Christmann, Bethany L; Griffith, Leslie C

2013-08-01

The neuropeptide pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) has been studied extensively in Drosophila, and its role in circadian time-keeping has been firmly established. The role of PDF outside of the clock circuit, however, is poorly understood. A recent study suggested that PDF may act on the ellipsoid body (EB) to link the clock and sleep/activity circuits. We performed whole brain optical imaging with the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based cAMP sensor Epac1-camps expressed under control of the pdfR promoter to address how the clock and sleep deprivation affect the physiology of these cells. Basal cAMP levels in EB were regulated both by PDF and synaptic inputs that are controlled by the circadian clock. Acute application of PDF to the brain caused a significant, and PDF-receptor-dependent, increase in cAMP in EB cells. Application of TTX to block circuit-mediated effects of PDF increased the morning response but not the response at night, implying the existence of a temporally regulated, PDF-stimulated input that blocks cAMP generation. ACh produced both direct (TTX-insensitive) and indirect (TTX-sensitive) increases in cAMP during the day but was totally TTX-insensitive at night, indicating that ACh-stimulated inputs to the EB are suppressed at night. Sleep deprivation did not affect the cAMP responses of these cells to either PDF or ACh. These results suggest a novel role for PDF as a modulator of activity outside of the clock circuit. By elucidating the mechanisms by which the neuropeptide PDF act on its target cells, our work contributes to our understating of how the central clock coordinates activity and sleep.

PDF and cAMP enhance PER stability in Drosophila clock neurons.

PubMed

Li, Yue; Guo, Fang; Shen, James; Rosbash, Michael

2014-04-01

The neuropeptide PDF is important for Drosophila circadian rhythms: pdf(01) (pdf-null) animals are mostly arrhythmic or short period in constant darkness and have an advanced activity peak in light-dark conditions. PDF contributes to the amplitude, synchrony, as well as the pace of circadian rhythms within clock neurons. PDF is known to increase cAMP levels in PDR receptor (PDFR)-containing neurons. However, there is no known connection of PDF or of cAMP with the Drosophila molecular clockworks. We discovered that the mutant period gene per(S) ameliorates the phenotypes of pdf-null flies. The period protein (PER) is a well-studied repressor of clock gene transcription, and the per(S) protein (PERS) has a markedly short half-life. The result therefore suggests that the PDF-mediated increase in cAMP might lengthen circadian period by directly enhancing PER stability. Indeed, increasing cAMP levels and cAMP-mediated protein kinase A (PKA) activity stabilizes PER, in S2 tissue culture cells and in fly circadian neurons. Adding PDF to fly brains in vitro has a similar effect. Consistent with these relationships, a light pulse causes more prominent PER degradation in pdf(01) circadian neurons than in wild-type neurons. The results indicate that PDF contributes to clock neuron synchrony by increasing cAMP and PKA, which enhance PER stability and decrease clock speed in intrinsically fast-paced PDFR-containing clock neurons. We further suggest that the more rapid degradation of PERS bypasses PKA regulation and makes the pace of clock neurons more uniform, allowing them to avoid much of the asynchrony caused by the absence of PDF.

Shoulder Injuries and Disorders - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Af-Soomaali (Somali) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Pendulum Exercises for Shoulder - Af-Soomaali (Somali) Bilingual PDF ... Exercises - español (Spanish) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Pendulum Exercises for Shoulder - English PDF Pendulum Exercises for ...

Factsheets - Division of Mining, Land, and Water

Science.gov Websites

Recreational Mining Area PDF Commercial Recreation Day Use Registration PDF Commercial Recreation Facility Programs PDF Off-Road Travel On The North Slope On State Land PDF Permits for Commercial Recreation

The Italian primary school-size distribution and the city-size: a complex nexus

PubMed Central

Belmonte, Alessandro; Di Clemente, Riccardo; Buldyrev, Sergey V.

2014-01-01

We characterize the statistical law according to which Italian primary school-size distributes. We find that the school-size can be approximated by a log-normal distribution, with a fat lower tail that collects a large number of very small schools. The upper tail of the school-size distribution decreases exponentially and the growth rates are distributed with a Laplace PDF. These distributions are similar to those observed for firms and are consistent with a Bose-Einstein preferential attachment process. The body of the distribution features a bimodal shape suggesting some source of heterogeneity in the school organization that we uncover by an in-depth analysis of the relation between schools-size and city-size. We propose a novel cluster methodology and a new spatial interaction approach among schools which outline the variety of policies implemented in Italy. Different regional policies are also discussed shedding lights on the relation between policy and geographical features. PMID:24954714

Evaluation of the reproducibility of lung motion probability distribution function (PDF) using dynamic MRI.

PubMed

Cai, Jing; Read, Paul W; Altes, Talissa A; Molloy, Janelle A; Brookeman, James R; Sheng, Ke

2007-01-21

Treatment planning based on probability distribution function (PDF) of patient geometries has been shown a potential off-line strategy to incorporate organ motion, but the application of such approach highly depends upon the reproducibility of the PDF. In this paper, we investigated the dependences of the PDF reproducibility on the imaging acquisition parameters, specifically the scan time and the frame rate. Three healthy subjects underwent a continuous 5 min magnetic resonance (MR) scan in the sagittal plane with a frame rate of approximately 10 f s-1, and the experiments were repeated with an interval of 2 to 3 weeks. A total of nine pulmonary vessels from different lung regions (upper, middle and lower) were tracked and the dependences of their displacement PDF reproducibility were evaluated as a function of scan time and frame rate. As results, the PDF reproducibility error decreased with prolonged scans and appeared to approach equilibrium state in subjects 2 and 3 within the 5 min scan. The PDF accuracy increased in the power function with the increase of frame rate; however, the PDF reproducibility showed less sensitivity to frame rate presumably due to the randomness of breathing which dominates the effects. As the key component of the PDF-based treatment planning, the reproducibility of the PDF affects the dosimetric accuracy substantially. This study provides a reference for acquiring MR-based PDF of structures in the lung.

32 CFR 65.5 - Responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

.../corres/pdf/133605p.pdf) and DoD Instruction 7730.54 (available at http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/773054p.pdf) and listed in table 1 of appendix A to this part, when specified. A Military...

Phase III Archives | NOAA Gulf Spill Restoration

Science.gov Websites

III Early Restoration Plan and Draft Early Restoration PEIS Executive Summary (pdf, 3.4 MB) Project Summary Table (pdf, 80 KB) Public Repositories (pdf, 113 KB) Press Release (pdf, 501 KB) Press Release

32 CFR 158.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... guidance in DoD Directive 3020.49 (see http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/302049p.pdf) and the authority in DOD Directive 5134.01 (see http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/513401p.pdf). ...

32 CFR 158.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... guidance in DoD Directive 3020.49 (see http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/302049p.pdf) and the authority in DOD Directive 5134.01 (see http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/513401p.pdf). ...

32 CFR 158.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... guidance in DoD Directive 3020.49 (see http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/302049p.pdf) and the authority in DOD Directive 5134.01 (see http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/513401p.pdf). ...

PDF approach for compressible turbulent reacting flows

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hsu, A. T.; Tsai, Y.-L. P.; Raju, M. S.

1993-01-01

The objective of the present work is to develop a probability density function (pdf) turbulence model for compressible reacting flows for use with a CFD flow solver. The probability density function of the species mass fraction and enthalpy are obtained by solving a pdf evolution equation using a Monte Carlo scheme. The pdf solution procedure is coupled with a compressible CFD flow solver which provides the velocity and pressure fields. A modeled pdf equation for compressible flows, capable of capturing shock waves and suitable to the present coupling scheme, is proposed and tested. Convergence of the combined finite-volume Monte Carlo solution procedure is discussed, and an averaging procedure is developed to provide smooth Monte-Carlo solutions to ensure convergence. Two supersonic diffusion flames are studied using the proposed pdf model and the results are compared with experimental data; marked improvements over CFD solutions without pdf are observed. Preliminary applications of pdf to 3D flows are also reported.

77 FR 38831 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-3D PDF Consortium...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-29

... Production Act of 1993--3D PDF Consortium, Inc. Notice is hereby given that, on June 4, 2012, pursuant to.... (``the Act''), 3D PDF Consortium, Inc. (``3D PDF'') has filed written notifications simultaneously with... research project. Membership in this group research project remains open, and 3D PDF intends to file...

Induction of cell death in renal cell carcinoma with combination of D-fraction and vitamin C.

PubMed

Alexander, Bobby; Fishman, Andrew I; Eshghi, Majid; Choudhury, Muhammad; Konno, Sensuke

2013-09-01

Although several conventional therapeutic options for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are currently available, the unsatisfactory outcomes demand establishing more effective interventions. D-fraction (PDF), a bioactive proteoglucan of Maitake mushroom, demonstrates anticancer and immunomodulatory activities, which are also shown to be potentiated by vitamin C (VC). We thus hypothesized that a combination of PDF and VC (PDF + VC) could be an alternative approach to more effectively inhibit the growth of RCC. We examined the dose-dependent effects of PDF + VC on RCC cell viability and also performed biochemical assays to explore the growth regulatory mechanism. Human RCC, ACHN cell line, was employed and exposed to varying concentrations of PDF or VC and their combinations. Cell viability at specified times was determined by MTT assay. Lipid peroxidation assay, cell cycle analysis, and Western blot analysis were also performed. PDF or VC alone led to the significant reduction in cell viability at 72 hours with PDF >500 µg/mL and VC ≥300 µM. When various combinations of PDF and VC were tested, the combination of the ineffective concentrations of PDF (300 µg/mL) and VC (200 µM) resulted in ~90% cell death in 24 hours. Lipid peroxidation assay then indicated significantly (~2.5 fold) elevated oxidative stress with this PDF + VC. Cell cycle analysis also indicated a G1 cell cycle arrest following a 6-hour PDF + VC treatment. Western blots further revealed a downregulation of Bcl2, an upregulation of Bax, and proteolytic activation of PARP (poly[ADP-ribose] polymerase) in PDF + VC-treated cells, indicating induction of apoptosis. The present study demonstrates that the combination of PDF and VC can become highly cytotoxic, inducing severe cell death in ACHN cells. This cytotoxic mechanism appears to be primarily attributed to oxidative stress, accompanied by a G1 cell cycle arrest. Such cell death induced by PDF + VC could be more likely linked to apoptosis, as indicated by the modulation of apoptosis regulators (Bcl2, Bax, and PARP). Therefore, as PDF and VC may work synergistically to induce apoptotic cell death, they may have clinical implications in an alternative, improved therapeutic modality for advanced RCC.

Conservational PDF Equations of Turbulence

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shih, Tsan-Hsing; Liu, Nan-Suey

2010-01-01

Recently we have revisited the traditional probability density function (PDF) equations for the velocity and species in turbulent incompressible flows. They are all unclosed due to the appearance of various conditional means which are modeled empirically. However, we have observed that it is possible to establish a closed velocity PDF equation and a closed joint velocity and species PDF equation through conditions derived from the integral form of the Navier-Stokes equations. Although, in theory, the resulted PDF equations are neither general nor unique, they nevertheless lead to the exact transport equations for the first moment as well as all higher order moments. We refer these PDF equations as the conservational PDF equations. This observation is worth further exploration for its validity and CFD application

Mmp1 processing of the PDF neuropeptide regulates circadian structural plasticity of pacemaker neurons.

PubMed

Depetris-Chauvin, Ana; Fernández-Gamba, Agata; Gorostiza, E Axel; Herrero, Anastasia; Castaño, Eduardo M; Ceriani, M Fernanda

2014-10-01

In the Drosophila brain, the neuropeptide PIGMENT DISPERSING FACTOR (PDF) is expressed in the small and large Lateral ventral neurons (LNvs) and regulates circadian locomotor behavior. Interestingly, PDF immunoreactivity at the dorsal terminals changes across the day as synaptic contacts do as a result of a remarkable remodeling of sLNv projections. Despite the relevance of this phenomenon to circuit plasticity and behavior, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this work we provide evidence that PDF along with matrix metalloproteinases (Mmp1 and 2) are key in the control of circadian structural remodeling. Adult-specific downregulation of PDF levels per se hampers circadian axonal remodeling, as it does altering Mmp1 or Mmp2 levels within PDF neurons post-developmentally. However, only Mmp1 affects PDF immunoreactivity at the dorsal terminals and exerts a clear effect on overt behavior. In vitro analysis demonstrated that PDF is hydrolyzed by Mmp1, thereby suggesting that Mmp1 could directly terminate its biological activity. These data demonstrate that Mmp1 modulates PDF processing, which leads to daily structural remodeling and circadian behavior.

Mmp1 Processing of the PDF Neuropeptide Regulates Circadian Structural Plasticity of Pacemaker Neurons

PubMed Central

Depetris-Chauvin, Ana; Fernández-Gamba, Ágata; Gorostiza, E. Axel; Herrero, Anastasia; Castaño, Eduardo M.; Ceriani, M. Fernanda

2014-01-01

In the Drosophila brain, the neuropeptide PIGMENT DISPERSING FACTOR (PDF) is expressed in the small and large Lateral ventral neurons (LNvs) and regulates circadian locomotor behavior. Interestingly, PDF immunoreactivity at the dorsal terminals changes across the day as synaptic contacts do as a result of a remarkable remodeling of sLNv projections. Despite the relevance of this phenomenon to circuit plasticity and behavior, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this work we provide evidence that PDF along with matrix metalloproteinases (Mmp1 and 2) are key in the control of circadian structural remodeling. Adult-specific downregulation of PDF levels per se hampers circadian axonal remodeling, as it does altering Mmp1 or Mmp2 levels within PDF neurons post-developmentally. However, only Mmp1 affects PDF immunoreactivity at the dorsal terminals and exerts a clear effect on overt behavior. In vitro analysis demonstrated that PDF is hydrolyzed by Mmp1, thereby suggesting that Mmp1 could directly terminate its biological activity. These data demonstrate that Mmp1 modulates PDF processing, which leads to daily structural remodeling and circadian behavior. PMID:25356918

Deep PDF parsing to extract features for detecting embedded malware.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Munson, Miles Arthur; Cross, Jesse S.

2011-09-01

The number of PDF files with embedded malicious code has risen significantly in the past few years. This is due to the portability of the file format, the ways Adobe Reader recovers from corrupt PDF files, the addition of many multimedia and scripting extensions to the file format, and many format properties the malware author may use to disguise the presence of malware. Current research focuses on executable, MS Office, and HTML formats. In this paper, several features and properties of PDF Files are identified. Features are extracted using an instrumented open source PDF viewer. The feature descriptions of benignmore » and malicious PDFs can be used to construct a machine learning model for detecting possible malware in future PDF files. The detection rate of PDF malware by current antivirus software is very low. A PDF file is easy to edit and manipulate because it is a text format, providing a low barrier to malware authors. Analyzing PDF files for malware is nonetheless difficult because of (a) the complexity of the formatting language, (b) the parsing idiosyncrasies in Adobe Reader, and (c) undocumented correction techniques employed in Adobe Reader. In May 2011, Esparza demonstrated that PDF malware could be hidden from 42 of 43 antivirus packages by combining multiple obfuscation techniques [4]. One reason current antivirus software fails is the ease of varying byte sequences in PDF malware, thereby rendering conventional signature-based virus detection useless. The compression and encryption functions produce sequences of bytes that are each functions of multiple input bytes. As a result, padding the malware payload with some whitespace before compression/encryption can change many of the bytes in the final payload. In this study we analyzed a corpus of 2591 benign and 87 malicious PDF files. While this corpus is admittedly small, it allowed us to test a system for collecting indicators of embedded PDF malware. We will call these indicators features throughout the rest of this report. The features are extracted using an instrumented PDF viewer, and are the inputs to a prediction model that scores the likelihood of a PDF file containing malware. The prediction model is constructed from a sample of labeled data by a machine learning algorithm (specifically, decision tree ensemble learning). Preliminary experiments show that the model is able to detect half of the PDF malware in the corpus with zero false alarms. We conclude the report with suggestions for extending this work to detect a greater variety of PDF malware.« less

What is the variability in US west coast winter precipitation during strong El Niño events?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, Arun; Chen, Mingyue

2017-10-01

Motivated by the fact that the spatial pattern of the observed precipitation anomalies during 2015/16 winter (a year of strong El Niño) over the west coast of the US and that of the El Niño composite precipitation pattern had considerable differences, the variability in the winter precipitation during strong El Niño events is assessed. The analysis is based on a set of hindcasts (1982-2011) and real-time forecasts (2012-2015) from NCEP Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2), and the following aspects for seasonal mean precipitation variability were examined: (1) the mean signal during strong El Niño based on the composite analysis, and further, the variability from the composite on an event-to-event basis; (2) probability of occurrence for precipitation anomalies to be opposite to the signal (inferred as the composite mean); (3) the probability to have precipitation anomaly in different categories varying from wet to dry; and (4) variations in the characteristics of precipitation from OND, NDJ, to DJF (early to late boreal winter). The results show that the model forecasted seasonal mean precipitation composite for strong El Niño was similar to the linear regression signal with the Niño 3.4 index in observations, with negative anomalies over the Pacific Northwest and positive anomalies over California. However, although in response to an El Niño event, the California precipitation PDF was shifted towards positive values relative to the climatological PDF, the overlap between climatological PDF and the PDF for El Niño events was considerable. This is because of the large variability in seasonal mean outcomes of precipitation from one forecast to another, and therefore, chances to have precipitation anomalies with their sign opposite to the composite El Niño signal remain appreciable. In this paradigm, although the seasonal mean precipitation during 2015/16 winter over the west coast of the US differed from the mean signal for a strong El Niño event, the observed anomalies were well within the envelope of possible outcomes. This has significant implications for seasonal predictability and prediction skill, and further, poses challenges for decision makers in the uptake of seasonal forecast information.

Web Standard: PDF - When to Use, Document Metadata, PDF Sections

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

PDF files provide some benefits when used appropriately. PDF files should not be used for short documents ( 5 pages) unless retaining the format for printing is important. PDFs should have internal file metadata and meet section 508 standards.

Whittier Tunnel, Transportation & Public Facilities, State of Alaska

Science.gov Websites

ONLINE (or choose to download in Adobe PDF or Excel format) Summer May 1 - Sept 30 PDF document | Excel document Winter Oct 1 - Apr 30 PDF document | Excel document Current Regulations: PDF document | Word

Floods - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Arabic (العربية) Expand Section Floods and Flash Flooding - English PDF Floods and Flash Flooding - العربية (Arabic) PDF ... Bosnian (bosanski) Expand Section Floods and Flash Flooding - English PDF Floods and Flash Flooding - bosanski (Bosnian) PDF ...

ISER - Electric Disturbance Events (OE-417)

Science.gov Websites

Training. (PDF 1.1 MB) (DOC 1 MB) OE-417 Form and Instructions Survey Form (PDF 136 KB) ( DOC 104 KB) Form Instructions (PDF 383 KB) (DOC 104 KB) Annual Summaries Current Year Summary (PDF 71 KB) (XLS 43 KB) Archives -417 Survey Form E-Filing System Training. (PDF 1.1 MB) (DOC 1 MB) OE-417 FORM AND INSTRUCTIONS Survey

A compression algorithm for the combination of PDF sets.

PubMed

Carrazza, Stefano; Latorre, José I; Rojo, Juan; Watt, Graeme

The current PDF4LHC recommendation to estimate uncertainties due to parton distribution functions (PDFs) in theoretical predictions for LHC processes involves the combination of separate predictions computed using PDF sets from different groups, each of which comprises a relatively large number of either Hessian eigenvectors or Monte Carlo (MC) replicas. While many fixed-order and parton shower programs allow the evaluation of PDF uncertainties for a single PDF set at no additional CPU cost, this feature is not universal, and, moreover, the a posteriori combination of the predictions using at least three different PDF sets is still required. In this work, we present a strategy for the statistical combination of individual PDF sets, based on the MC representation of Hessian sets, followed by a compression algorithm for the reduction of the number of MC replicas. We illustrate our strategy with the combination and compression of the recent NNPDF3.0, CT14 and MMHT14 NNLO PDF sets. The resulting compressed Monte Carlo PDF sets are validated at the level of parton luminosities and LHC inclusive cross sections and differential distributions. We determine that around 100 replicas provide an adequate representation of the probability distribution for the original combined PDF set, suitable for general applications to LHC phenomenology.

Comparative analysis of non-destructive methods to control fissile materials in large-size containers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Batyaev, V. F.; Sklyarov, S. V.

2017-09-01

The analysis of various non-destructive methods to control fissile materials (FM) in large-size containers filled with radioactive waste (RAW) has been carried out. The difficulty of applying passive gamma-neutron monitoring FM in large containers filled with concreted RAW is shown. Selection of an active non-destructive assay technique depends on the container contents; and in case of a concrete or iron matrix with very low activity and low activity RAW the neutron radiation method appears to be more preferable as compared with the photonuclear one. Note to the reader: the pdf file has been changed on September 22, 2017.

The Korean version of the Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire. Cross cultural adaptation, reliability, validity and responsiveness.

PubMed

Kim, J K; Lim, H M

2015-02-01

The purpose of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire to produce an equivalent Korean version. A total of 53 patients completed the Korean version of the Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire pre-operatively and 3 months after open carpal tunnel release. All 53 also completed the Korean version of the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire pre-operatively and 3 months post-operatively. Reliability was measured by determining the test-retest reliability and internal consistency. Test-retest reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients and paired t-tests, and internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha coefficients. Pearson correlation analysis was carried out on the Korean version of the Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire scores and the Korean version of the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores to assess construct validity. Responsiveness was evaluated using effect sizes and standardized response means. The reliability of the Korean version of the Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire was good. The scores in the Korean version of the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand strongly correlated with the scores in the Korean version of the Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire. Standardized response mean and effect size were both large for the Korean version of the Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire. The study shows that the Korean version of the Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire is a reliable, valid and responsive instrument for measuring outcomes in carpal tunnel syndrome. © The Author(s) 2014.

Fire Safety - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Arabic (العربية) Expand Section Fire Safety at Home - English PDF Fire Safety at Home - العربية (Arabic) PDF ... Bosnian (bosanski) Expand Section Fire Safety at Home - English PDF Fire Safety at Home - bosanski (Bosnian) PDF ...

A Comprehensive Restoration Plan for the Gulf of Mexico | NOAA Gulf Spill

Science.gov Websites

Consequences and Compliance with Other Laws (pdf, 12 MB) Chapter 7: Governance (pdf, 7.42 MB) Chapter 7 : Governance (pdf, 7.42 MB) (Vietnamese translation) Chapter 8: Trustee Responses to Public Comments (pdf, 537

Foam Flow Through a 2D Porous Medium: Evolution of the Bubble Size Distribution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meheust, Y.; Géraud, B.; Cantat, I.; Dollet, B.

2017-12-01

Foams have been used for decades as displacing fluids for EOR and aquifer remediation, and more recently as carriers of chemical amendments for remediation of the vadose zone. Bulk foams are shear-thinning fluids; but for foams with bubbles of order at least the typical pore size of the porous medium, the rheology cannot be described at the continuum scale, as viscous dissipation occurs mostly at the contact between soap films and solid walls. We have investigated the flow of an initially monodisperse foam through a transparent 2D porous medium[1]. The resulting complex flow phenomenology has been characterized quantitatively from optical measurements of the bubble dynamics. In addition to preferential flow path and local flow intermittency, we observe an irreversible evolution of the probability density function (PDF) for bubbles size as bubbles travel along the porous medium. This evolution is due to bubble fragmentation by lamella division, which is by far the dominant mechanism of film creation/destruction. We measure and characterize this evolution of the PDF as a function of the experimental parameters, and model it numerically based on a fragmentation equation, with excellent agreement. The model uses two ingredients obtained from the experimental data, namely the statistics of the bubble fragmentation rate and of the fragment size distributions[2]. It predicts a nearly-universal scaling of all PDFs as a function of the bubble area normalized by the initial mean bubble area. All the PDFs measured in various experiments, with different mean flow velocities, initial bubble sizes and foam qualities, collapse on a master distribution which is only dependent on the geometry of the medium.References:[1] B. Géraud, S. A. Jones, I. Cantat, B. Dollet & Y. Méheust (2016), WRR 52(2), 773-790. [2] B. Géraud, Y. Méheust, I. Cantat & B. Dollet (2017), Lamella division in a foam flowing through a two-dimensional porous medium: A model fragmentation process, PRL 118, 098003.

E AND M CIRCADIAN PACEMAKER NEURONS USE DIFFERENT PDF RECEPTOR SIGNALOSOME COMPONENTS IN DROSOPHILA

PubMed Central

Duvall, Laura B.

2014-01-01

We used real-time imaging to detect cAMP levels in neurons of intact fly brains to study mechanisms of circadian pacemaker synchronization by the neuropeptide PDF in Drosophila. PDF receptor (PDF-R) is expressed by both M (sLNv) and E (LNd) pacemaker sub-classes and is coupled to Gsα in both cases. We previously reported that PDF-R in M pacemakers elevates cAMP levels by activating the ortholog of mammalian Adenylate Cyclase 3 (AC3), but that AC3 disruptions had no effect on E pacemaker sensitivity to PDF. Here we show that PDF-R in E pacemakers activates a different AC isoform, AC78C, an ortholog of mammalian AC8. Knockdown of AC78C by transgenic RNAi substantially reduces, but does not completely abrogate, PDF responses in these E pacemakers. The knockdown effect is intact when restricted to mature stages, suggesting a physiological and not a development role for AC78C in E pacemakers. The AC78C phenotype is rescued by over-expression of AC78C, but not by over-expression of the rutabaga AC. AC78C over-expression does not disrupt PDF responses in these E pacemakers, and neither AC78C knockdown nor its over-expression disrupted locomotor rhythms. Finally, knockdown of two AKAPs, nervy and AKAP 200 partially reduces LNd PDF responses. These findings begin to identify the components of E pacemaker PDF-R signalosomes and indicate they are distinct from PDF-R signalosomes in M pacemakers: we propose they contain AC78C and at least one other AC. PMID:23929551

E and M circadian pacemaker neurons use different PDF receptor signalosome components in drosophila.

PubMed

Duvall, Laura B; Taghert, Paul H

2013-08-01

We used real-time imaging to detect cAMP levels in neurons of intact fly brains to study the mechanisms of circadian pacemaker synchronization by the neuropeptide pigment dispersing factor (PDF) in Drosophila. PDF receptor (PDF-R) is expressed by both M (sLNv) and E (LNd) pacemaker subclasses and is coupled to G(sα) in both cases. We previously reported that PDF-R in M pacemakers elevates cAMP levels by activating the ortholog of mammalian adenylate cyclase 3 (AC3) but that AC3 disruptions had no effect on E pacemaker sensitivity to PDF. Here, we show that PDF-R in E pacemakers activates a different AC isoform, AC78C, an ortholog of mammalian AC8. Knockdown of AC78C by transgenic RNAi substantially reduces, but does not completely abrogate, PDF responses in these E pacemakers. The knockdown effect is intact when restricted to mature stages, suggesting a physiological and not a development role for AC78C in E pacemakers. The AC78C phenotype is rescued by the overexpression of AC78C but not by overexpression of the rutabaga AC. AC78C overexpression does not disrupt PDF responses in these E pacemakers, and neither AC78C knockdown nor its overexpression disrupted locomotor rhythms. Finally, knockdown of 2 AKAPs, nervy and AKAP200, partially reduces LNd PDF responses. These findings begin to identify the components of E pacemaker PDF-R signalosomes and indicate that they are distinct from PDF-R signalosomes in M pacemakers: we propose they contain AC78C and at least 1 other AC.

Effect of harvest time and physical form of alfalfa silage on chewing time and particle size distribution in boli, rumen content and faeces.

PubMed

Kornfelt, L F; Weisbjerg, M R; Nørgaard, P

2013-02-01

The study examined the effects of physical form and harvest time of alfalfa silage on eating and ruminating activity and particle size distribution in feed boli, rumen content and faeces in dry cows. The alfalfa crop was harvested at two stages of growth (early: NDF 37%, late: NDF 44% in dry matter (DM)), and from each harvest, a chopped (theoretical cutting length: 19 mm) and an unchopped crop was ensiled in bales. The silages were fed restrictively to four rumen cannulated non-lactating Jersey cows (391 ± 26 kg) in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The cows were fed restrictively 80% of their ad libitum intake twice daily. Chewing activity was recorded for 96 h continuously. Swallowed boli, rumen content, rumen fluid and faeces samples were collected, washed in nylon bags (0.01 mm pore size) and freeze-dried before dry sieving through 4.750, 2.360, 1.000, 0.500 and 0.212 mm pore sizes into six fractions. The length (PL) and width (PW) of particles within each fraction was measured by the use of image analysis. The eating activity (min/kg dry matter intake (P < 0.01) and min/kg NDF (P < 0.05)) was affected by harvest time. The mean ruminating time (min/kg DM) was affected by harvest time (P < 0.01), physical form (P < 0.05) and NDF intake per kg BW (P < 0.01). The proportion of washed particle DM of total DM in boli, rumen content, rumen fluid and faeces was affected by harvest time (P < 0.01) and highest by feeding late-harvested alfalfa silage. Two peaks on the probability density distribution function (PDF) of PW and PL values of boli, rumen content and faeces were identified. Chopping of the silage decreased the mean PL and PW, the most frequent PL (mode) and 95% percentile PL and PW values in boli. In the rumen content, chopping increased the mean PW (P < 0.05). The dimension sizes of faeces particles were not significantly affected by chopping. The mode PW value was lower in rumen content and faeces than in boli (P < 0.001), and the mode PL value was higher in boli and lower in faeces compared with rumen contents (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the mean total chewing activity per kg NDF decreased due to chopping and early harvest time. The mean PL and PW in boli decreased due to chopping and late harvest. The two peak values on the PDF (PL) and PDF (PW) of boli, rumen content and faeces particles are most likely related to the leaf and the stem residues.

32 CFR 159.6 - Procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/520008r.pdf. 10 Available athttp://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives... hostile acts or demonstrated hostile intent. 11 Available athttp://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/110022p.pdf. (D) Documentation of individual training covering weapons familiarization and qualification...

Mobile Interactive Training: Tablets, Readers, and Phones - Oh, My!

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-12-01

the interactive PDF, it was not possible to devise a one-size- fits -all solution. Instead, each type of interaction had to be addressed...determined they could automate this process by using Flash to export the individual frames of the slideshow and to produce a text file with the appropriate...now to create Web-enabled HUDs that can be integrated into eyeglasses and contact lenses. Only one thing remains constant with every new Web

WE-D-204-06: An Open Source ImageJ CatPhan Analysis Tool

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nelson, G

2015-06-15

Purpose: The CatPhan is a popular QA device for assessing CT image quality. There are a number of software options which perform analysis of the CatPhan. However, there is often little ability for the user to adjust the analysis if it isn’t running properly, and these are all expensive options. An open source tool is an effective solution. Methods: To use the software, the user imports the CT as an image sequence in ImageJ. The user then scrolls to the slice with the lateral dots. The user then runs the plugin. If tolerance constraints are not already created, the usermore » is prompted to enter them or to use generic tolerances. Upon completion of the analysis, the plugin calls pdfLaTex to compile the pdf report. There is a csv version of the report as well. A log of the results from all CatPhan scans is kept as a csv file. The user can use this to baseline the machine. Results: The tool is capable of detecting the orientation of the phantom. If the CatPhan was scanned backwards, one can simply flip the stack of images horizontally and proceed with the analysis. The analysis includes Sensitometry (estimating the effective beam energy), HU values and linearity, Low Contrast Visibility (using LDPE & Polystyrene), Contrast Scale, Geometric Accuracy, Slice Thickness Accuracy, Spatial resolution (giving the MTF using the line pairs as well as the point spread function), CNR, Low Contrast Detectability (including the raw data), Uniformity (including the Cupping Effect). Conclusion: This is a robust tool that analyzes more components of the CatPhan than other software options (with the exception of ImageOwl). It produces an elegant pdf and keeps a log of analyses for long-term tracking of the system. Because it is open source, users are able to customize any component of it.« less

Drift-free kinetic equations for turbulent dispersion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bragg, A.; Swailes, D. C.; Skartlien, R.

2012-11-01

The dispersion of passive scalars and inertial particles in a turbulent flow can be described in terms of probability density functions (PDFs) defining the statistical distribution of relevant scalar or particle variables. The construction of transport equations governing the evolution of such PDFs has been the subject of numerous studies, and various authors have presented formulations for this type of equation, usually referred to as a kinetic equation. In the literature it is often stated, and widely assumed, that these PDF kinetic equation formulations are equivalent. In this paper it is shown that this is not the case, and the significance of differences among the various forms is considered. In particular, consideration is given to which form of equation is most appropriate for modeling dispersion in inhomogeneous turbulence and most consistent with the underlying particle equation of motion. In this regard the PDF equations for inertial particles are considered in the limit of zero particle Stokes number and assessed against the fully mixed (zero-drift) condition for fluid points. A long-standing question regarding the validity of kinetic equations in the fluid-point limit is answered; it is demonstrated formally that one version of the kinetic equation (derived using the Furutsu-Novikov method) provides a model that satisfies this zero-drift condition exactly in both homogeneous and inhomogeneous systems. In contrast, other forms of the kinetic equation do not satisfy this limit or apply only in a limited regime.

Drift-free kinetic equations for turbulent dispersion.

PubMed

Bragg, A; Swailes, D C; Skartlien, R

2012-11-01

The dispersion of passive scalars and inertial particles in a turbulent flow can be described in terms of probability density functions (PDFs) defining the statistical distribution of relevant scalar or particle variables. The construction of transport equations governing the evolution of such PDFs has been the subject of numerous studies, and various authors have presented formulations for this type of equation, usually referred to as a kinetic equation. In the literature it is often stated, and widely assumed, that these PDF kinetic equation formulations are equivalent. In this paper it is shown that this is not the case, and the significance of differences among the various forms is considered. In particular, consideration is given to which form of equation is most appropriate for modeling dispersion in inhomogeneous turbulence and most consistent with the underlying particle equation of motion. In this regard the PDF equations for inertial particles are considered in the limit of zero particle Stokes number and assessed against the fully mixed (zero-drift) condition for fluid points. A long-standing question regarding the validity of kinetic equations in the fluid-point limit is answered; it is demonstrated formally that one version of the kinetic equation (derived using the Furutsu-Novikov method) provides a model that satisfies this zero-drift condition exactly in both homogeneous and inhomogeneous systems. In contrast, other forms of the kinetic equation do not satisfy this limit or apply only in a limited regime.

Recent advances in PDF modeling of turbulent reacting flows

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Leonard, Andrew D.; Dai, F.

1995-01-01

This viewgraph presentation concludes that a Monte Carlo probability density function (PDF) solution successfully couples with an existing finite volume code; PDF solution method applied to turbulent reacting flows shows good agreement with data; and PDF methods must be run on parallel machines for practical use.

Fatigue - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... a new window. Arabic (العربية) Expand Section Fatigue - English PDF Fatigue - العربية (Arabic) PDF American Cancer Society ... Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect) (繁體中文) Expand Section Fatigue - English PDF Fatigue - 繁體中文 (Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)) PDF ...

The ABCs of PDFs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adler, Steve

2000-01-01

Explains the use of Adobe Acrobat's Portable Document Format (PDF) for school Web sites and Intranets. Explains the PDF workflow; components for Web-based PDF delivery, including the Web server, preparing content of the PDF files, and the browser; incorporating PDFs into the Web site; incorporating multimedia; and software. (LRW)

Numerical solutions of the complete Navier-Stokes equations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hassan, H. A.

1993-01-01

The objective of this study is to compare the use of assumed pdf (probability density function) approaches for modeling supersonic turbulent reacting flowfields with the more elaborate approach where the pdf evolution equation is solved. Assumed pdf approaches for averaging the chemical source terms require modest increases in CPU time typically of the order of 20 percent above treating the source terms as 'laminar.' However, it is difficult to assume a form for these pdf's a priori that correctly mimics the behavior of the actual pdf governing the flow. Solving the evolution equation for the pdf is a theoretically sound approach, but because of the large dimensionality of this function, its solution requires a Monte Carlo method which is computationally expensive and slow to coverage. Preliminary results show both pdf approaches to yield similar solutions for the mean flow variables.

Blocking synaptic transmission with tetanus toxin light chain reveals modes of neurotransmission in the PDF-positive circadian clock neurons of Drosophila melanogaster.

PubMed

Umezaki, Yujiro; Yasuyama, Kouji; Nakagoshi, Hideki; Tomioka, Kenji

2011-09-01

Circadian locomotor rhythms of Drosophila melanogaster are controlled by a neuronal circuit composed of approximately 150 clock neurons that are roughly classified into seven groups. In the circuit, a group of neurons expressing pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) play an important role in organizing the pacemaking system. Recent studies imply that unknown chemical neurotransmitter(s) (UNT) other than PDF is also expressed in the PDF-positive neurons. To explore its role in the circadian pacemaker, we examined the circadian locomotor rhythms of pdf-Gal4/UAS-TNT transgenic flies in which chemical synaptic transmission in PDF-positive neurons was blocked by expressed tetanus toxin light chain (TNT). In constant darkness (DD), the flies showed a free-running rhythm, which was similar to that of wild-type flies but significantly different from pdf null mutants. Under constant light conditions (LL), however, they often showed complex rhythms with a short period and a long period component. The UNT is thus likely involved in the synaptic transmission in the clock network and its release caused by LL leads to arrhythmicity. Immunocytochemistry revealed that LL induced phase separation in TIMELESS (TIM) cycling among some of the PDF-positive and PDF-negative clock neurons in the transgenic flies. These results suggest that both PDF and UNT play important roles in the Drosophila circadian clock, and activation of PDF pathway alone by LL leads to the complex locomotor rhythm through desynchronized oscillation among some of the clock neurons. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

IceCube

Science.gov Websites

. PDF file High pT muons in Cosmic-Ray Air Showers with IceCube. PDF file IceCube Performance with Artificial Light Sources: the road to a Cascade Analyses + Energy scale calibration for EHE. PDF file , 2006. PDF file Thorsten Stetzelberger "IceCube DAQ Design & Performance" Nov 2005 PPT

Statistical Analysis of PDF's for Na Released by Photons from Solid Surfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gamborino, D.; Wurz, P.

2018-05-01

We analyse the adequacy of three model speed PDF's previously used to describe the desorption of Na from a solid surface either by ESD or PSD. We found that the Maxwell PDF is too wide compared to measurements and non-thermal PDF's are better suited.

Publications | Transportation Research | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Overview Thumbnail image of publication cover Sustainable TransportationPDF This overview fact sheet image of publication cover Alternative Fuels Data CenterPDF Thumbnail image of publication cover Clean CitiesPDF Thumbnail image of publication cover Fleet ToolsPDF Thumbnail image of publication cover Fuels

PDF for Healthcare and Child Health Data Forms.

PubMed

Zuckerman, Alan E; Schneider, Joseph H; Miller, Ken

2008-11-06

PDF-H is a new best practices standard that uses XFA forms and embedded JavaScript to combine PDF forms with XML data. Preliminary experience with AAP child health forms shows that the combination of PDF with XML is a more effective method to visualize familiar data on paper and the web than the traditional use of XML and XSLT. Both PDF-H and HL7 Clinical Document Architecture can co-exist using the same data for different display formats.

Mesoscopic fluctuations and intermittency in aging dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sibani, P.

2006-01-01

Mesoscopic aging systems are characterized by large intermittent noise fluctuations. In a record dynamics scenario (Sibani P. and Dall J., Europhys. Lett., 64 (2003) 8) these events, quakes, are treated as a Poisson process with average αln (1 + t/tw), where t is the observation time, tw is the age and α is a parameter. Assuming for simplicity that quakes constitute the only source of de-correlation, we present a model for the probability density function (PDF) of the configuration autocorrelation function. Beside α, the model has the average quake size 1/q as a parameter. The model autocorrelation PDF has a Gumbel-like shape, which approaches a Gaussian for large t/tw and becomes sharply peaked in the thermodynamic limit. Its average and variance, which are given analytically, depend on t/tw as a power law and a power law with a logarithmic correction, respectively. Most predictions are in good agreement with data from the literature and with the simulations of the Edwards-Anderson spin-glass carried out as a test.

KSC-2011-7228

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-09-28

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- This transporter has moved its last space shuttle payload canister. The transporter was enlisted to move payload canister #2 from the Canister Rotation Facility to the Reutilization, Recycling and Marketing Facility on Ransom Road at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The two payload canisters used to transport space shuttle payloads to the launch pad for installation in the shuttles' cargo bays are being decommissioned following the end of the Space Shuttle Program. Each canister weighs 110,000 pounds and is 65 feet long, 22 feet wide, and 18 feet, 7 inches high. The canisters were prescreened through NASA Headquarters as possible artifacts, but their size makes them difficult to transport to locations off the center. Federal and state agencies now will be given the opportunity to screen the canisters for potential use before a final decision is made on their disposition. For more information, visit http://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/pdf/167403main_CRF-06.pdf. Photo credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann

Pdf - Transport equations for chemically reacting flows

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kollmann, W.

1989-01-01

The closure problem for the transport equations for pdf and the characteristic functions of turbulent, chemically reacting flows is addressed. The properties of the linear and closed equations for the characteristic functional for Eulerian and Lagrangian variables are established, and the closure problem for the finite-dimensional case is discussed for pdf and characteristic functions. It is shown that the closure for the scalar dissipation term in the pdf equation developed by Dopazo (1979) and Kollmann et al. (1982) results in a single integral, in contrast to the pdf, where double integration is required. Some recent results using pdf methods obtained for turbulent flows with combustion, including effects of chemical nonequilibrium, are discussed.

[Practical experience about the compatibility of PDF converter in ECG information system].

PubMed

Yang, Gang; Lu, Weishi; Zhou, Jiacheng

2009-11-01

To find a way to view ECG from different manufacturers in electrocardiogram information system. Different format ECG data were transmitted to ECG center by different ways. Corresponding analysis software was used to make the diagnosis reports in the center. Then we use PDF convert to change all ECG reports into PDF format. The electrocardiogram information system manage these PDF format ECG data for clinic user. The ECG reports form several major ECG manufacturers were transformed to PDF format successfully. In the electrocardiogram information system it is freely to view the ECG figure. PDF format ECG report is a practicable way to solve the compatibility problem in electrocardiogram information system.

A time dependent mixing model to close PDF equations for transport in heterogeneous aquifers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schüler, L.; Suciu, N.; Knabner, P.; Attinger, S.

2016-10-01

Probability density function (PDF) methods are a promising alternative to predicting the transport of solutes in groundwater under uncertainty. They make it possible to derive the evolution equations of the mean concentration and the concentration variance, used in moment methods. The mixing model, describing the transport of the PDF in concentration space, is essential for both methods. Finding a satisfactory mixing model is still an open question and due to the rather elaborate PDF methods, a difficult undertaking. Both the PDF equation and the concentration variance equation depend on the same mixing model. This connection is used to find and test an improved mixing model for the much easier to handle concentration variance. Subsequently, this mixing model is transferred to the PDF equation and tested. The newly proposed mixing model yields significantly improved results for both variance modelling and PDF modelling.

Tooth Decay - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Cantonese dialect)) PDF California Dental Association Early Childhood Caries - English PDF Early Childhood Caries - 繁體中文 (Chinese, Traditional (Cantonese dialect)) PDF California Dental ...

Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)

Science.gov Websites

Estimates for FY 2019 (Green Book) PDF icon Excel icon (Zip File) Operations and Maintenance Overview Operation and Maintenance Overview PDF icon Budget Documents Military Personnel Programs (M-1) PDF icon Excel icon - Budget Appendix Display (M-1) Excel icon Operation and Maintenance Programs (O-1) PDF icon

Publications - PDF 96-18 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Science.gov Websites

content DGGS PDF 96-18 Publication Details Title: Major and trace element analyses of Cretaceous plutonic Bibliographic Reference Newberry, R.J., 1996, Major and trace element analyses of Cretaceous plutonic rocks in pdf1996_018.pdf (571.0 K) Keywords Geochemistry; Geology; Igneous Rocks; Major Oxides; Plutonic Rocks

32 CFR 117.53 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...,” (available at http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/520507p.pdf). Classified contract. As defined in... Military and Associated Terms” (available at http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/new_pubs/jp1_02.pdf). Company. As..., “Joint Communication System” (available at http://www.dtic.mil/doctrine/new_pubs/jp6_0.pdf). Contractor...

Compressible cavitation with stochastic field method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Class, Andreas; Dumond, Julien

2012-11-01

Non-linear phenomena can often be well described using probability density functions (pdf) and pdf transport models. Traditionally the simulation of pdf transport requires Monte-Carlo codes based on Lagrange particles or prescribed pdf assumptions including binning techniques. Recently, in the field of combustion, a novel formulation called the stochastic field method solving pdf transport based on Euler fields has been proposed which eliminates the necessity to mix Euler and Lagrange techniques or prescribed pdf assumptions. In the present work, part of the PhD Design and analysis of a Passive Outflow Reducer relying on cavitation, a first application of the stochastic field method to multi-phase flow and in particular to cavitating flow is presented. The application considered is a nozzle subjected to high velocity flow so that sheet cavitation is observed near the nozzle surface in the divergent section. It is demonstrated that the stochastic field formulation captures the wide range of pdf shapes present at different locations. The method is compatible with finite-volume codes where all existing physical models available for Lagrange techniques, presumed pdf or binning methods can be easily extended to the stochastic field formulation.

Pigment-Dispersing Factor-expressing neurons convey circadian information in the honey bee brain

PubMed Central

Beer, Katharina; Kolbe, Esther; Kahana, Noa B.; Yayon, Nadav; Weiss, Ron; Menegazzi, Pamela; Bloch, Guy

2018-01-01

Pigment-Dispersing Factor (PDF) is an important neuropeptide in the brain circadian network of Drosophila and other insects, but its role in bees in which the circadian clock influences complex behaviour is not well understood. We combined high-resolution neuroanatomical characterizations, quantification of PDF levels over the day and brain injections of synthetic PDF peptide to study the role of PDF in the honey bee Apis mellifera. We show that PDF co-localizes with the clock protein Period (PER) in a cluster of laterally located neurons and that the widespread arborizations of these PER/PDF neurons are in close vicinity to other PER-positive cells (neurons and glia). PDF-immunostaining intensity oscillates in a diurnal and circadian manner with possible influences for age or worker task on synchrony of oscillations in different brain areas. Finally, PDF injection into the area between optic lobes and the central brain at the end of the subjective day produced a consistent trend of phase-delayed circadian rhythms in locomotor activity. Altogether, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that PDF is a neuromodulator that conveys circadian information from pacemaker cells to brain centres involved in diverse functions including locomotion, time memory and sun-compass orientation. PMID:29321240

Author Correction: Ultra-thin high-efficiency mid-infraredtransmissive Huygens meta-optics.

PubMed

Zhang, Li; Ding, Jun; Zheng, Hanyu; An, Sensong; Lin, Hongtao; Zheng, Bowen; Du, Qingyang; Yin, Gufan; Michon, Jerome; Zhang, Yifei; Fang, Zhuoran; Shalaginov, Mikhail Y; Deng, Longjiang; Gu, Tian; Zhang, Hualiang; Hu, Juejun

2018-06-14

The original version of this Article omitted the following from the Acknowledgements:'J.D. and H. Zhang acknowledge initial funding for design of the meta-atoms provided by the National Science Foundation under award CMMI-1266251. Z.L. and H. Zheng contributed to the Device Fabrication section and were independently funded as visiting scholars by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under award 51772042 and the "111" project (No. B13042) led by Professor Huaiwu Zhang. Later work contained within the Device Modeling and Device Characterization sections and some revisions to the manuscript were funded under Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Defense Sciences Office (DSO) Program: EXTREME Optics and Imaging (EXTREME) under Agreement No. HR00111720029. The authors also acknowledge fabrication facility support by the Harvard University Center for Nanoscale Systems funded by the National Science Foundation under award 0335765. The views, opinions and/or findings expressed are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official views or policies of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government.' This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Buffer-dependent regulation of aquaporin-1 expression and function in human peritoneal mesothelial cells.

PubMed

Zhai, Yihui; Bloch, Jacek; Hömme, Meike; Schaefer, Julia; Hackert, Thilo; Philippin, Bärbel; Schwenger, Vedat; Schaefer, Franz; Schmitt, Claus P

2012-07-01

Biocompatible peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDF) are buffered with lactate and/or bicarbonate. We hypothesized that the reduced toxicity of the biocompatible solutions might unmask specific effects of the buffer type on mesothelial cell functions. Human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMC) were incubated with bicarbonate (B-)PDF or lactate-buffered (L-)PDF followed by messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein analysis. Gene silencing was achieved using small interfering RNA (siRNA), functional studies using Transwell culture systems, and monolayer wound-healing assays. Incubation with B-PDF increased HPMC migration in the Transwell and monolayer wound-healing assay to 245 ± 99 and 137 ± 11% compared with L-PDF. Gene silencing showed this effect to be entirely dependent on the expression of aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) and independent of AQP-3. Exposure of HPMC to B-PDF increased AQP-1 mRNA and protein abundance to 209  ± 80 and 197  ±  60% of medium control; the effect was pH dependent. L-PDF reduced AQP-1 mRNA. Addition of bicarbonate to L-PDF increased AQP-1 abundance by threefold; mRNA half-life remained unchanged. Immunocytochemistry confirmed opposite changes of AQP-1 cell-membrane abundance with B-PDF and L-PDF. Peritoneal mesothelial AQP-1 abundance and migration capacity is regulated by pH and buffer agents used in PD solutions. In vivo studies are required to delineate the impact with respect to long-term peritoneal membrane integrity and function.

A circadian neuropeptide PDF in the honeybee, Apis mellifera: cDNA cloning and expression of mRNA.

PubMed

Sumiyoshi, Miho; Sato, Seiji; Takeda, Yukimasa; Sumida, Kazunori; Koga, Keita; Itoh, Tsunao; Nakagawa, Hiroyuki; Shimohigashi, Yasuyuki; Shimohigashi, Miki

2011-12-01

Pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) is a pacemaker hormone regulating the locomotor rhythm in insects. In the present study, we cloned the cDNAs encoding the Apis PDF precursor protein, and found that there are at least seven different pdf mRNAs yielded by an alternative splicing site and five alternative polyadenylation sites in the 5'UTR and 3'UTR regions. The amino acid sequence of Apis PDF peptide has a characteristic novel amino acid residue, aspargine (Asn), at position 17. Quantitative real-time PCR of total and 5'UTR insertion-type pdf mRNAs revealed, for the first time, that the expression levels change in a circadian manner with a distinct trough at the beginning of night in LD conditions, and at the subjective night under DD conditions. In contrast, the expression level of 5'UTR deletion-type pdf mRNAs was about half of that of the insertion type, and the expression profile failed to show a circadian rhythm. As the expression profile of the total pdf mRNA exhibited a circadian rhythm, transcription regulated at the promoter region was supposed to be controlled by some of the clock components. Whole mount in situ hybridization revealed that 14 lateral neurons at the frontal margin of the optic lobe express these mRNA isoforms. PDF expressing cells examined with a newly produced antibody raised against Apis PDF were also found to have a dense supply of axon terminals in the optic lobes and the central brain.

Peptide Deformylase Inhibitors as Potent Antimycobacterial Agents▿ †

PubMed Central

Teo, Jeanette W. P.; Thayalan, Pamela; Beer, David; Yap, Amelia S. L.; Nanjundappa, Mahesh; Ngew, Xinyi; Duraiswamy, Jeyaraj; Liung, Sarah; Dartois, Veronique; Schreiber, Mark; Hasan, Samiul ; Cynamon, Michael; Ryder, Neil S.; Yang, Xia; Weidmann, Beat; Bracken, Kathryn ; Dick, Thomas; Mukherjee, Kakoli

2006-01-01

Peptide deformylase (PDF) catalyzes the hydrolytic removal of the N-terminal formyl group from nascent proteins. This is an essential step in bacterial protein synthesis, making PDF an attractive target for antibacterial drug development. Essentiality of the def gene, encoding PDF from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, was demonstrated through genetic knockout experiments with Mycobacterium bovis BCG. PDF from M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv was cloned, expressed, and purified as an N-terminal histidine-tagged recombinant protein in Escherichia coli. A novel class of PDF inhibitors (PDF-I), the N-alkyl urea hydroxamic acids, were synthesized and evaluated for their activities against the M. tuberculosis PDF enzyme as well as their antimycobacterial effects. Several compounds from the new class had 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of <100 nM. Some of the PDF-I displayed antibacterial activity against M. tuberculosis, including MDR strains with MIC90 values of <1 μM. Pharmacokinetic studies of potential leads showed that the compounds were orally bioavailable. Spontaneous resistance towards these inhibitors arose at a frequency of ≤5 × 10−7 in M. bovis BCG. DNA sequence analysis of several spontaneous PDF-I-resistant mutants revealed that half of the mutants had acquired point mutations in their formyl methyltransferase gene (fmt), which formylated Met-tRNA. The results from this study validate M. tuberculosis PDF as a drug target and suggest that this class of compounds have the potential to be developed as novel antimycobacterial agents. PMID:16966397

Effects of a new bicarbonate/lactate-buffered neutral peritoneal dialysis fluid for peritoneal failure in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.

PubMed

Hoshino, Taro; Ishii, Hiroki; Kitano, Taisuke; Shindo, Mitsutoshi; Miyazawa, Haruhisa; Yamada, Hodaka; Ito, Kiyonori; Ueda, Yuichiro; Kaku, Yoshio; Hirai, Keiji; Mori, Honami; Ookawara, Susumu; Tabei, Kaoru; Morishita, Yoshiyuki

2016-02-01

The highly concentrated lactate in peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) has been considered to contribute to peritoneal failure in patients undergoing PD. A new PDF containing a lower lactate concentration, physiological bicarbonate concentration, and neutral pH (bicarbonate/lactate-buffered neutral PDF) was recently developed. We compared the clinical effects of this bicarbonate/lactate-buffered neutral PDF and a lactate-buffered neutral PDF. Patients undergoing PD were changed from a lactate-buffered neutral PDF to a bicarbonate/lactate-buffered neutral PDF. We then investigated the changes in peritoneal functions as estimated by a peritoneal equilibration test (PET) and the following surrogate markers of peritoneal membrane failure in the drained dialysate: fibrin degradation products (FDP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). Fourteen patients undergoing PD were enrolled. The PET results were not different before and after use of the bicarbonate/lactate-buffered neutral PDF. The FDP concentration significantly decreased from 15.60 ± 13.90 to 6.04 ± 3.49 μg/mL (p = 0.02) and the VEGF concentration significantly decreased from 37.83 ± 15.82 to 27.70 ± 3.80 pg/mL (p = 0.02), while the CA125 and IL-6 concentrations remained unchanged before and after use of the bicarbonate/lactate-buffered neutral PDF. TGF-β1 was not detected in most patients. The bicarbonate/lactate-buffered neutral PDF decreased the FDP and VEGF concentrations in the drained dialysate. These results suggest that the decreased lactate level achieved by administration of bicarbonate with a neutral pH in PDF may contribute to decreased peritoneal membrane failure in patients undergoing PD.

Alanyl-glutamine dipeptide restores the cytoprotective stress proteome of mesothelial cells exposed to peritoneal dialysis fluids.

PubMed

Kratochwill, Klaus; Boehm, Michael; Herzog, Rebecca; Lichtenauer, Anton Michael; Salzer, Elisabeth; Lechner, Michael; Kuster, Lilian; Bergmeister, Konstantin; Rizzi, Andreas; Mayer, Bernd; Aufricht, Christoph

2012-03-01

Exposure of mesothelial cells to peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDF) results in cytoprotective cellular stress responses (CSR) that counteract PDF-induced damage. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the CSR may be inadequate in relevant models of peritoneal dialysis (PD) due to insufficient levels of glutamine, resulting in increased vulnerability against PDF cytotoxicity. We particularly investigated the role of alanyl-glutamine (Ala-Gln) dipeptide on the cytoprotective PDF stress proteome. Adequacy of CSR was investigated in two human in vitro models (immortalized cell line MeT-5A and mesothelial cells derived from peritoneal effluent of uraemic patients) following exposure to heat-sterilized glucose-based PDF (PD4-Dianeal, Baxter) diluted with medium and, in a comparative proteomics approach, at different levels of glutamine ranging from depletion (0 mM) via physiological (0.7 mM) to pharmacological levels (8 mM administered as Ala-Gln). Despite severe cellular injury, expression of cytoprotective proteins was dampened upon PDF exposure at physiological glutamine levels, indicating an inadequate CSR. Depletion of glutamine aggravated cell injury and further reduced the CSR, whereas addition of Ala-Gln at pharmacological level restored an adequate CSR, decreasing cellular damage in both PDF exposure systems. Ala-Gln specifically stimulated chaperoning activity, and cytoprotective processes were markedly enhanced in the PDF stress proteome. Taken together, this study demonstrates an inadequate CSR of mesothelial cells following PDF exposure associated with low and physiological levels of glutamine, indicating a new and potentially relevant pathomechanism. Supplementation of PDF with pharmacological doses of Ala-Gln restored the cytoprotective stress proteome, resulting in improved resistance of mesothelial cells to exposure to PDF. Future work will study the clinical relevance of CSR-mediated cytoprotection.

Structural isoforms of the circadian neuropeptide PDF expressed in the optic lobes of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus: immunocytochemical evidence from specific monoclonal antibodies.

PubMed

Honda, Takeshi; Matsushima, Ayami; Sumida, Kazunori; Chuman, Yoshiro; Sakaguchi, Kazuyasu; Onoue, Hitoshi; Meinertzhagen, Ian A; Shimohigashi, Yasuyuki; Shimohigashi, Miki

2006-11-20

Pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) is an 18-mer peptide that acts as a principal neurotransmitter of the insect circadian clock. Our previous study, utilizing anti-Uca beta-PDH polyclonal antibody (pAb) to immunolabel the optic lobe of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus, suggested the existence of an alternative PDF-like peptide in the outer cells of the first neuropile, or lamina (La), which were much less immunoreactive than the inner cells of the second neuropile, the medulla (Me). To obtain structural information about such a PDF-like peptide, we prepared 10 anti-Gryllus PDF monoclonal (mAb) and pAb antibodies and analyzed their detailed epitope specificities. The PDFMe and PDFLa inner cells and their axonal projections were clearly immunoreactive to all these antibodies, revealing the widespread immunocytochemical organization of the PDF system in the optic lobe, as seen previously with anti-Uca beta-PDH pAb and anti-Gryllus PDF mAb, the epitope structures of which were also clarified in this study. The lamina outer cells, which we found lacked a target pdf mRNA, displayed specific immunoreactivities, indicating that the cells contain a distinct PDF-like peptide possessing both N- and C-terminal structures. These cells were not immunolabeled by some other monoclonal antibodies, however, implying that the PDFLa outer cells have a PDF isoform peptide devoid of Asn at positions 6 and 16. This isoform was also identified in a varicose arborization in the lamina. These results suggest not only the structure of the peptide, but also the possibility of additional functions of this novel PDF isoform.

A Climatology of Polar Stratospheric Cloud Types by MIPAS-Envisat

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spang, Reinhold; Hoffmann, Lars; Griessbach, Sabine; Orr, Andrew; Höpfner, Michael; Müller, Rolf

2015-04-01

For Chemistry Climate Models (CCM) it is still a challenging task to properly represent the evolution of the polar vortices over the entire winter season. The models usually do not include comprehensive microphysical modules to evolve the formation of different types of polar stratospheric clouds (PSC) over the winter. Consequently, predictions on the development and recovery of the future ozone hole have relatively large uncertainties. A climatological record of hemispheric measurement of PSC types could help to better validate and improve the PSC schemes in CCMs. The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) instrument onboard the ESA Envisat satellite operated from July 2002 to April 2012. The infra-red limb emission measurements compile a unique dataset of day and night measurements of polar stratospheric clouds up to the poles. From the spectral measurements in the 4.15-14.6 microns range it is possible to select a number of atmospheric window regions and spectral signatures to classify PSC cloud types like nitric acid hydrates, sulfuric ternary solution droplets, and ice particles. The cloud detection sensitivity is similar to space borne lidars, but MIPAS adds complementary information due to its different measurement technique (limb instead of nadir) and wavelength region. Here we will describe a new classification method for PSCs based on the combination of multiple brightness temperature differences (BTD) and colour ratios. Probability density functions (PDF) of the MIPAS measurements in conjunction with a database of radiative transfer model calculations of realistic PSC particle size distributions enable the definition of regions attributed to specific or mixed types clouds. Applying a naive bias classifier for independent criteria to all defined classes in four 2D PDF distributions, it is possible to assign the most likely PSC type to any measured cloud spectrum. Statistical Monte Carlo test have been applied to quantify uncertainties and the sensitivity to a priori information of the approach. The processing of the complete MIPAS data set of almost 10 years of PSC observations with a first version of the new classification approach is completed. Results for various northern and southern hemisphere winters will be presented. The temporal evolution of the PSC types with respect to the temporal development of the meteorological conditions of the polar vortex as well as comparison with space and ground based lidar measurements will be investigated.

Application and Evaluation of Interactive 3D PDF for Presenting and Sharing Planning Results for Liver Surgery in Clinical Routine

PubMed Central

Newe, Axel; Becker, Linda; Schenk, Andrea

2014-01-01

Background & Objectives The Portable Document Format (PDF) is the de-facto standard for the exchange of electronic documents. It is platform-independent, suitable for the exchange of medical data, and allows for the embedding of three-dimensional (3D) surface mesh models. In this article, we present the first clinical routine application of interactive 3D surface mesh models which have been integrated into PDF files for the presentation and the exchange of Computer Assisted Surgery Planning (CASP) results in liver surgery. We aimed to prove the feasibility of applying 3D PDF in medical reporting and investigated the user experience with this new technology. Methods We developed an interactive 3D PDF report document format and implemented a software tool to create these reports automatically. After more than 1000 liver CASP cases that have been reported in clinical routine using our 3D PDF report, an international user survey was carried out online to evaluate the user experience. Results Our solution enables the user to interactively explore the anatomical configuration and to have different analyses and various resection proposals displayed within a 3D PDF document covering only a single page that acts more like a software application than like a typical PDF file (“PDF App”). The new 3D PDF report offers many advantages over the previous solutions. According to the results of the online survey, the users have assessed the pragmatic quality (functionality, usability, perspicuity, efficiency) as well as the hedonic quality (attractiveness, novelty) very positively. Conclusion The usage of 3D PDF for reporting and sharing CASP results is feasible and well accepted by the target audience. Using interactive PDF with embedded 3D models is an enabler for presenting and exchanging complex medical information in an easy and platform-independent way. Medical staff as well as patients can benefit from the possibilities provided by 3D PDF. Our results open the door for a wider use of this new technology, since the basic idea can and should be applied for many medical disciplines and use cases. PMID:25551375

Application and evaluation of interactive 3D PDF for presenting and sharing planning results for liver surgery in clinical routine.

PubMed

Newe, Axel; Becker, Linda; Schenk, Andrea

2014-01-01

The Portable Document Format (PDF) is the de-facto standard for the exchange of electronic documents. It is platform-independent, suitable for the exchange of medical data, and allows for the embedding of three-dimensional (3D) surface mesh models. In this article, we present the first clinical routine application of interactive 3D surface mesh models which have been integrated into PDF files for the presentation and the exchange of Computer Assisted Surgery Planning (CASP) results in liver surgery. We aimed to prove the feasibility of applying 3D PDF in medical reporting and investigated the user experience with this new technology. We developed an interactive 3D PDF report document format and implemented a software tool to create these reports automatically. After more than 1000 liver CASP cases that have been reported in clinical routine using our 3D PDF report, an international user survey was carried out online to evaluate the user experience. Our solution enables the user to interactively explore the anatomical configuration and to have different analyses and various resection proposals displayed within a 3D PDF document covering only a single page that acts more like a software application than like a typical PDF file ("PDF App"). The new 3D PDF report offers many advantages over the previous solutions. According to the results of the online survey, the users have assessed the pragmatic quality (functionality, usability, perspicuity, efficiency) as well as the hedonic quality (attractiveness, novelty) very positively. The usage of 3D PDF for reporting and sharing CASP results is feasible and well accepted by the target audience. Using interactive PDF with embedded 3D models is an enabler for presenting and exchanging complex medical information in an easy and platform-independent way. Medical staff as well as patients can benefit from the possibilities provided by 3D PDF. Our results open the door for a wider use of this new technology, since the basic idea can and should be applied for many medical disciplines and use cases.

AN ATTEMPT TO FIND AN A PRIORI MEASURE OF STEP SIZE. COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF PRINCIPLES FOR PROGRAMMING MATHEMATICS IN AUTOMATED INSTRUCTION, TECHNICAL REPORT NO. 13.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

ROSEN, ELLEN F.; STOLUROW, LAWRENCE M.

IN ORDER TO FIND A GOOD PREDICTOR OF EMPIRICAL DIFFICULTY, AN OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF STEP SIZE, TEN PROGRAMER-JUDGES RATED CHANGE IN COMPLEXITY IN TWO VERSIONS OF A MATHEMATICS PROGRAM, AND THESE RATINGS WERE THEN COMPARED WITH MEASURES OF EMPIRICAL DIFFICULTY OBTAINED FROM STUDENT RESPONSE DATA. THE TWO VERSIONS, A 54 FRAME BOOKLET AND A 35…

A VLSI implementation of DCT using pass transistor technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kamath, S.; Lynn, Douglas; Whitaker, Sterling

1992-01-01

A VLSI design for performing the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) operation on image blocks of size 16 x 16 in a real time fashion operating at 34 MHz (worst case) is presented. The process used was Hewlett-Packard's CMOS26--A 3 metal CMOS process with a minimum feature size of 0.75 micron. The design is based on Multiply-Accumulate (MAC) cells which make use of a modified Booth recoding algorithm for performing multiplication. The design of these cells is straight forward, and the layouts are regular with no complex routing. Two versions of these MAC cells were designed and their layouts completed. Both versions were simulated using SPICE to estimate their performance. One version is slightly faster at the cost of larger silicon area and higher power consumption. An improvement in speed of almost 20 percent is achieved after several iterations of simulation and re-sizing.

Modelling end Measurement of Atmospheric Turbulence over Land

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-07-01

standard, auxquels on ajoute le rayonnement solaire et les parametres caracteristiques du terrain. On compare les resultats obtenus aux mesures de Cn 2 et...outer scale L0 repre- sents the minimum scale size over which turbulence energy is injected into the air through P498995.PDF [Page: 13 of 36...which viscous dissipation converts the turbulent energy into heat. In the surface layer t0 is of the order of millimeters. The region between t0 and

Crackling to periodic transition in a granular stick-slip experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abed Zadeh, Aghil; BaréS, Jonathan; Behringer, Robert

We perform a stick-slip experiment to characterize avalanches in time and space for granular materials. In our experiment, a constant speed stage pulls a slider which rests on a vertical bed of circular photo-elastic particles in a 2D system. The stage is connected to the slider by a spring. We measure the force on the spring by a force sensor attached to the spring. We study the avalanche size statistics, and other seismicity laws of slip avalanches. Using the power spectrum of the force signal and avalanche statistics, we analyze the effect of the loading speed and of the spring stiffness and we capture a transition from crackling to periodic regime by changing these parameters. From a more local point of view and by using a high speed camera and the photo-elastic properties of our particles, we characterize the local stress change and flow of particles during slip avalanches. By image processing, we detect the local avalanches as connected components in space and time, and we study the avalanche size probability density functions (PDF). The PDF of avalanches obey power laws both at global and local scales, but with different exponents. We try to understand the correlation of local avalanches in space and the way they coarse grain to the global avalanches. NSF Grant DMR-1206351, NASA Grant NNX15AD38G, and the William M. Keck Foundation.

Learning From Our Past: How a Vietnam-Era Pacification Program Can Help Us Win in Afghanistan

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-09-01

Economies, March 26, 2004), http://www.uib.es/depart/deaweb/ smed /pdf/collier.pdf (accessed August 25, 2009). 34 Nicole J. Ball, “Strengthening Democratic...Challenge Paper. Centre for the Study of African Economies, March 26, 2004, http://www.uib.es/depart/deaweb/ smed /pdf/collier.pdf (accessed August 25, 2009

An easy and effective approach to manage radiologic portable document format (PDF) files using iTunes.

PubMed

Qian, Li Jun; Zhou, Mi; Xu, Jian Rong

2008-07-01

The objective of this article is to explain an easy and effective approach for managing radiologic files in portable document format (PDF) using iTunes. PDF files are widely used as a standard file format for electronic publications as well as for medical online documents. Unfortunately, there is a lack of powerful software to manage numerous PDF documents. In this article, we explain how to use the hidden function of iTunes (Apple Computer) to manage PDF documents as easily as managing music files.

Earth in Space: A CD-ROM Version for Pre-College Teachers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pedigo, P.

2003-12-01

Earth in Space, a magazine about the Earth and space sciences for pre-college science teachers, was published by AGU between 1987 and 2001 (9 issues each year). The goal of Earth in Space was to make research at the frontiers of the geosciences accessible to teachers and students and engage them in thinking about scientific careers. Each issue contained two or three recent research articles, rewritten for a high school level audience from the original version published in peer-reviewed AGU journals, which were supplemented with short news items and biographic information about the authors. As part of a 2003 summer internship with AGU, sponsored by the AGU Committee on Education and Human Resources (CEHR) and the American Institute of Physics, this collection of Earth in Space magazines was converted into an easily accessible electronic resource for K-12 teachers and students. Every issue was scanned into a PDF file. The entire collection of articles was cataloged in a database indexed to key topic terms (e.g., volcanoes, global climate change, space weather). A front-page was designed in order to facilitate rapid access to articles concerning specific topics within the Earth and space sciences of particular interest to high school students. A compact CD-ROM version of this resource will be distributed to science teachers at future meetings of the National Science Teachers Association and will be made available through AGU's Outreach and Research Support program.

Pain Relievers - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... español (Spanish) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Fentanyl - Opioid addiction, part 6 - English PDF Fentanyl - Opioid addiction, part 6 - español (Spanish) PDF Fentanyl - Opioid addiction, ...

CADNA_C: A version of CADNA for use with C or C++ programs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lamotte, Jean-Luc; Chesneaux, Jean-Marie; Jézéquel, Fabienne

2010-11-01

The CADNA library enables one to estimate round-off error propagation using a probabilistic approach. The CADNA_C version enables this estimation in C or C++ programs, while the previous version had been developed for Fortran programs. The CADNA_C version has the same features as the previous one: with CADNA the numerical quality of any simulation program can be controlled. Furthermore by detecting all the instabilities which may occur at run time, a numerical debugging of the user code can be performed. CADNA provides new numerical types on which round-off errors can be estimated. Slight modifications are required to control a code with CADNA, mainly changes in variable declarations, input and output. New version program summaryProgram title: CADNA_C Catalogue identifier: AEGQ_v1_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEGQ_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 60 075 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 710 781 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: C++ Computer: PC running LINUX with an i686 or an ia64 processor, UNIX workstations including SUN, IBM Operating system: LINUX, UNIX Classification: 6.5 Catalogue identifier of previous version: AEAT_v1_0 Journal reference of previous version: Comput. Phys. Comm. 178 (2008) 933 Does the new version supersede the previous version?: No Nature of problem: A simulation program which uses floating-point arithmetic generates round-off errors, due to the rounding performed at each assignment and at each arithmetic operation. Round-off error propagation may invalidate the result of a program. The CADNA library enables one to estimate round-off error propagation in any simulation program and to detect all numerical instabilities that may occur at run time. Solution method: The CADNA library [1-3] implements Discrete Stochastic Arithmetic [4,5] which is based on a probabilistic model of round-off errors. The program is run several times with a random rounding mode generating different results each time. From this set of results, CADNA estimates the number of exact significant digits in the result that would have been computed with standard floating-point arithmetic. Reasons for new version: The previous version (AEAT_v1_0) enables the estimation of round-off error propagation in Fortran programs [2]. The new version has been developed to enable this estimation in C or C++ programs. Summary of revisions: The CADNA_C source code consists of one assembly language file (cadna_rounding.s) and twenty-three C++ language files (including three header files). cadna_rounding.s is a symbolic link to the assembly file corresponding to the processor and the C++ compiler used. This assembly file contains routines which are frequently called in the CADNA_C C++ files to change the rounding mode. The C++ language files contain the definition of the stochastic types on which the control of accuracy can be performed, CADNA_C specific functions (for instance to enable or disable the detection of numerical instabilities), the definition of arithmetic and relational operators which are overloaded for stochastic variables and the definition of mathematical functions which can be used with stochastic arguments. As a remark, on 64-bit processors, the mathematical library associated with the GNU C++ compiler may provide incorrect results or generate severe bugs with rounding towards -∞ and +∞, which the random rounding mode is based on. Therefore, if CADNA_C is used on a 64-bit processor with the GNU C++ compiler, mathematical functions are computed with rounding to the nearest, otherwise they are computed with the random rounding mode. It must be pointed out that the knowledge of the accuracy of the argument of a mathematical function is never lost. Additional comments: In the library archive, users are advised to read the INSTALL file first. The doc directory contains a user guide named ug.cadna.pdf and a reference guide named, ref_cadna.pdf. The user guide shows how to control the numerical accuracy of a program using CADNA, provides installation instructions and describes test runs.The reference guide briefly describes each function of the library. The source code (which consists of C++ and assembly files) is located in the src directory. The examples directory contains seven test runs which illustrate the use of the CADNA library and the benefits of Discrete Stochastic Arithmetic. Running time: The version of a code which uses CADNA runs at least three times slower than its floating-point version. This cost depends on the computer architecture and can be higher if the detection of numerical instabilities is enabled. In this case, the cost may be related to the number of instabilities detected.

Impacts of icodextrin on integrin-mediated wound healing of peritoneal mesothelial cells.

PubMed

Matsumoto, Mika; Tamura, Masahito; Miyamoto, Tetsu; Furuno, Yumi; Kabashima, Narutoshi; Serino, Ryota; Shibata, Tatsuya; Kanegae, Kaori; Takeuchi, Masaaki; Abe, Haruhiko; Okazaki, Masahiro; Otsuji, Yutaka

2012-06-14

Exposure to glucose and its metabolites in peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) results in structural alterations of the peritoneal membrane. Icodextrin-containing PDF eliminates glucose and reduces deterioration of peritoneal membrane function, but direct effects of icodextrin molecules on peritoneal mesothelial cells have yet to be elucidated. We compared the impacts of icodextrin itself with those of glucose under PDF-free conditions on wound healing processes of injured mesothelial cell monolayers, focusing on integrin-mediated cell adhesion mechanisms. Regeneration processes of the peritoneal mesothelial cell monolayer were investigated employing an in vitro wound healing assay of cultured rat peritoneal mesothelial cells treated with icodextrin powder- or glucose-dissolved culture medium without PDF, as well as icodextrin- or glucose-containing PDF. The effects of icodextrin on integrin-mediated cell adhesions were examined by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting against focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Cell migration over fibronectin was inhibited in conventional glucose-containing PDF, while icodextrin-containing PDF exerted no significant inhibitory effects. Culture medium containing 1.5% glucose without PDF also inhibited wound healing of mesothelial cells, while 7.5% icodextrin-dissolved culture medium without PDF had no inhibitory effects. Glucose suppressed cell motility by inhibiting tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK, formation of focal adhesions, and cell spreading, while icodextrin had no effects on any of these mesothelial cell functions. Our results demonstrate icodextrin to have no adverse effects on wound healing processes of peritoneal mesothelial cells. Preservation of integrin-mediated cell adhesion might be one of the molecular mechanisms accounting for the superior biocompatibility of icodextrin-containing PDF. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Oscillating PDF in termini of circadian pacemaker neurons and synchronous molecular clocks in downstream neurons are not sufficient for sustenance of activity rhythms in constant darkness.

PubMed

Prakash, Pavitra; Nambiar, Aishwarya; Sheeba, Vasu

2017-01-01

In Drosophila, neuropeptide Pigment Dispersing Factor (PDF) is expressed in small and large ventral Lateral Neurons (sLNv and lLNv), among which sLNv are critical for activity rhythms in constant darkness. Studies show that this is mediated by rhythmic accumulation and likely secretion of PDF from sLNv dorsal projections, which in turn synchronises molecular oscillations in downstream circadian neurons. Using targeted expression of a neurodegenerative protein Huntingtin in LNv, we evoke a selective loss of neuropeptide PDF and clock protein PERIOD from sLNv soma. However, PDF is not lost from sLNv dorsal projections and lLNv. These flies are behaviourally arrhythmic in constant darkness despite persistence of PDF oscillations in sLNv dorsal projections and synchronous PERIOD oscillations in downstream circadian neurons. We find that PDF oscillations in sLNv dorsal projections are not sufficient for sustenance of activity rhythms in constant darkness and this is suggestive of an additional component that is possibly dependent on sLNv molecular clock and PDF in sLNv soma. Additionally, despite loss of PERIOD in sLNv, their activity rhythms entrain to light/dark cycles indicating that sLNv molecular clocks are not necessary for entrainment. Under constant light, these flies lack PDF from both soma and dorsal projections of sLNv, and when subjected to light/dark cycles, show morning and evening anticipation and accurately phased morning and evening peaks. Thus, under light/dark cycles, PDF in sLNv is not necessary for morning anticipation.

Oscillating PDF in termini of circadian pacemaker neurons and synchronous molecular clocks in downstream neurons are not sufficient for sustenance of activity rhythms in constant darkness

PubMed Central

Prakash, Pavitra; Nambiar, Aishwarya; Sheeba, Vasu

2017-01-01

In Drosophila, neuropeptide Pigment Dispersing Factor (PDF) is expressed in small and large ventral Lateral Neurons (sLNv and lLNv), among which sLNv are critical for activity rhythms in constant darkness. Studies show that this is mediated by rhythmic accumulation and likely secretion of PDF from sLNv dorsal projections, which in turn synchronises molecular oscillations in downstream circadian neurons. Using targeted expression of a neurodegenerative protein Huntingtin in LNv, we evoke a selective loss of neuropeptide PDF and clock protein PERIOD from sLNv soma. However, PDF is not lost from sLNv dorsal projections and lLNv. These flies are behaviourally arrhythmic in constant darkness despite persistence of PDF oscillations in sLNv dorsal projections and synchronous PERIOD oscillations in downstream circadian neurons. We find that PDF oscillations in sLNv dorsal projections are not sufficient for sustenance of activity rhythms in constant darkness and this is suggestive of an additional component that is possibly dependent on sLNv molecular clock and PDF in sLNv soma. Additionally, despite loss of PERIOD in sLNv, their activity rhythms entrain to light/dark cycles indicating that sLNv molecular clocks are not necessary for entrainment. Under constant light, these flies lack PDF from both soma and dorsal projections of sLNv, and when subjected to light/dark cycles, show morning and evening anticipation and accurately phased morning and evening peaks. Thus, under light/dark cycles, PDF in sLNv is not necessary for morning anticipation. PMID:28558035

PDF cycling in the dorsal protocerebrum of the Drosophila brain is not necessary for circadian clock function.

PubMed

Kula, Elzbieta; Levitan, Edwin S; Pyza, Elzbieta; Rosbash, Michael

2006-04-01

In Drosophila, the neuropeptide pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) is a likely circadian molecule, secreted by central pacemaker neurons (LNvs). PDF is expressed in both small and large LNvs (sLNvs and lLNvs), and there are striking circadian oscillations of PDF staining intensity in the small cell termini, which require a functional molecular clock. This cycling may be relevant to the proposed role of PDF as a synchronizer of the clock system or as an output signal connecting pacemaker cells to locomotor activity centers. In this study, the authors use a generic neuropeptide fusion protein (atrial natriuretic factor-green fluorescent protein [ANF-GFP]) and show that it can be expressed in the same neurons as PDF itself. Yet, ANF-GFP as well as PDF itself does not manifest any cyclical accumulation in sLNv termini in adult transgenic flies. Surprisingly, the absence of detectable PDF cycling is not accompanied by any detectable behavioral pheno-type, since these transgenic flies have normal morning and evening anticipation in a light-dark cycle (LD) and are fully rhythmic in constant darkness (DD). The molecular clock is also not compromised. The results suggest that robust PDF cycling in sLNv termini plays no more than a minor role in the Drosophila circadian system and is apparently not even necessary for clock output function.

77 FR 71831 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-3D PDF Consortium...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-04

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77 FR 56861 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-3d PDF Consortium...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-14

... Production Act of 1993--3d PDF Consortium, Inc. Notice is hereby given that, on August 20, 2012, pursuant to.... (``the Act''), 3D Consortium, Inc. (``3D PDF'') has filed written notifications simultaneously with the... remains open, and 3D PDF intends to file additional written notifications disclosing all changes in...

The CRYPTOCHROME photoreceptor gates PDF neuropeptide signaling to set circadian network hierarchy in Drosophila.

PubMed

Zhang, Luoying; Lear, Bridget C; Seluzicki, Adam; Allada, Ravi

2009-12-15

Circadian clocks in the brain are organized as coupled oscillators that integrate seasonal cues such as light and temperature to time daily behaviors. In Drosophila, the PIGMENT DISPERSING FACTOR (PDF) neuropeptide-expressing morning (M) and non-PDF evening (E) cells are coupled cell groups important for morning and evening behavior, respectively. Depending on day length, either M cells (short days) or E cells (long days) dictate both the morning and the evening phase, a phenomenon that we term network hierarchy. To examine the role of PDF in light-dark conditions, we examined flies lacking both the PDF receptor (PDFR) and the circadian photoreceptor CRYPTOCHROME (CRY). We found that subsets of E cells exhibit molecular oscillations antiphase to those of wild-type flies, single cry mutants, or single Pdfr mutants, demonstrating a potent role for PDF in light-mediated entrainment, specifically in the absence of CRY. Moreover, we find that the evening behavioral phase is more strongly reset by PDF(+) M cells in the absence of CRY. On the basis of our findings, we propose that CRY can gate PDF signaling to determine behavioral phase and network hierarchy.

Structures of E. coli peptide deformylase bound to formate: insight into the preference for Fe2+ over Zn2+ as the active site metal.

PubMed

Jain, Rinku; Hao, Bing; Liu, Ren-Peng; Chan, Michael K

2005-04-06

E. coli peptide deformylase (PDF) catalyzes the deformylation of nascent polypeptides generated during protein synthesis. While PDF was originally thought to be a zinc enzyme, subsequent studies revealed that the active site metal is iron. In an attempt to understand this unusual metal preference, high-resolution structures of Fe-, Co-, and Zn-PDF were determined in complex with its deformylation product, formate. In all three structures, the formate ion binds the metal and forms hydrogen-bonding interactions with the backbone nitrogen of Leu91, the amide side chain of Gln50, and the carboxylate side chain of Glu133. One key difference, however, is how the formate binds the metal. In Fe-PDF and Co-PDF, formate binds in a bidentate fashion, while in Zn-PDF, it binds in a monodentate fashion. Importantly, these structural results provide the first clues into the origins of PDF's metal-dependent activity differences. On the basis of these structures, we propose that the basis for the higher activity of Fe-PDF stems from the better ability of iron to bind and activate the tetrahedral transition state required for cleavage of the N-terminal formyl group.

The promoter of a plant defensin gene directs specific expression in nematode-induced syncytia in Arabidopsis roots.

PubMed

Siddique, Shahid; Wieczorek, Krzysztof; Szakasits, Dagmar; Kreil, David P; Bohlmann, Holger

2011-10-01

The beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii induces a feeding site, called syncytium, in roots of host plants. In Arabidopsis, one of the genes whose expression is strongly induced in these structures is Pdf2.1 which codes for an antimicrobial plant defensin. Arabidopsis has 13 plant defensin genes. Besides Pdf2.1, the Pdf2.2 and Pdf2.3 genes were strongly expressed in syncytia and therefore the expression of all three Pdf genes was studied in detail. The promoter of the Pdf2.1 gene turned out to be an interesting candidate to drive a syncytium-specific expression of foreign genes as RT-PCR showed that apart from the feeding site it was only expressed in siliques (seeds). The Pdf2.2 and Pdf2.3 genes were in addition expressed in seedlings, roots, leaves, stems, and flowers. These results were supported by the analysis of promoter::GUS lines. After infection with H. schachtii all GUS lines showed a strong staining in syncytia at 5 and 15 dpi. This expression pattern was confirmed by in situ RT-PCR. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

MISR UAE2 Aerosol Versioning

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2013-03-21

... The "Beta" designation means particle microphysical property validation is in progress, uncertainty envelopes on particle size distribution, ... UAE-2 campaign activities are part of the validation process, so two versions of the MISR aerosol products are included in this ...

Pair distribution function analysis applied to decahedral gold nanoparticles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nakotte, H.; Silkwood, C.; Page, K.; Wang, H.-W.; Olds, D.; Kiefer, B.; Manna, S.; Karpov, D.; Fohtung, E.; Fullerton, E. E.

2017-11-01

The five-fold symmetry of face-centered cubic (fcc) derived nanoparticles is inconsistent with the translational symmetry of a Bravais lattice and generally explained by multiple twinning of a tetrahedral subunit about a (joint) symmetry axis, with or without structural modification to the fcc motif. Unlike in bulk materials, five-fold twinning in cubic nanoparticles is common and strongly affects their structural, chemical, and electronic properties. To test and verify theoretical approaches, it is therefore pertinent that the local structural features of such materials can be fully characterized. The small size of nanoparticles severely limits the application of traditional analysis techniques, such as Bragg diffraction. A complete description of the atomic arrangement in nanoparticles therefore requires a departure from the concept of translational symmetry, and prevents fully evaluating all the structural features experimentally. We describe how recent advances in instrumentation, together with the increasing power of computing, are shaping the development of alternative analysis methods of scattering data for nanostructures. We present the application of Debye scattering and pair distribution function (PDF) analysis towards modeling of the total scattering data for the example of decahedral gold nanoparticles. PDF measurements provide a statistical description of the pair correlations of atoms within a material, allowing one to evaluate the probability of finding two atoms within a given distance. We explored the sensitivity of existing synchrotron x-ray PDF instruments for distinguishing four different simple models for our gold nanoparticles: a multiply twinned fcc decahedron with either a single gap or multiple distributed gaps, a relaxed body-centered orthorhombic (bco) decahedron, and a hybrid decahedron. The data simulations of the models were then compared with experimental data from synchrotron x-ray total scattering. We present our experimentally derived atomistic models of the gold nanoparticles, with surprising results and a perspective on remaining challenges. Our findings provide evidence for the suitability of PDF analysis in the characterization of other nanosized particles that may have commercial applications.

Modeling pair distribution functions of rare-earth phosphate glasses using principal component analysis

DOE PAGES

Cole, Jacqueline M.; Cheng, Xie; Payne, Michael C.

2016-10-18

The use of principal component analysis (PCA) to statistically infer features of local structure from experimental pair distribution function (PDF) data is assessed on a case study of rare-earth phosphate glasses (REPGs). Such glasses, co-doped with two rare-earth ions (R and R’) of different sizes and optical properties, are of interest to the laser industry. The determination of structure-property relationships in these materials is an important aspect of their technological development. Yet, realizing the local structure of co-doped REPGs presents significant challenges relative to their singly-doped counterparts; specifically, R and R’ are difficult to distinguish in terms of establishing relativemore » material compositions, identifying atomic pairwise correlation profiles in a PDF that are associated with each ion, and resolving peak overlap of such profiles in PDFs. This study demonstrates that PCA can be employed to help overcome these structural complications, by statistically inferring trends in PDFs that exist for a restricted set of experimental data on REPGs, and using these as training data to predict material compositions and PDF profiles in unknown co-doped REPGs. The application of these PCA methods to resolve individual atomic pairwise correlations in t(r) signatures is also presented. The training methods developed for these structural predictions are pre-validated by testing their ability to reproduce known physical phenomena, such as the lanthanide contraction, on PDF signatures of the structurally simpler singly-doped REPGs. The intrinsic limitations of applying PCA to analyze PDFs relative to the quality control of source data, data processing, and sample definition, are also considered. Furthermore, while this case study is limited to lanthanide-doped REPGs, this type of statistical inference may easily be extended to other inorganic solid-state materials, and be exploited in large-scale data-mining efforts that probe many t(r) functions.« less

Newly Developed Neutralized pH Icodextrin Dialysis Fluid: Nonclinical Evaluation.

PubMed

Yamaguchi, Naoya; Miyamoto, Keiichi; Murata, Tomohiro; Ishikawa, Eiji; Horiuchi, Takashi

2016-08-01

A two-compartment system (NICOPELIQ; NICO, Terumo Co., Tokyo, Japan) has recently been developed to neutralize icodextrin peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF). In this study, a nonclinical evaluation of NICO was carried out to evaluate biocompatibility as well as water transport ability. Glucose degradation products (GDPs) in the icodextrin PDFs were analyzed via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The cell viability of human peritoneal mesothelial cells derived from peritoneal dialysis effluent (PDE-HPMCs) was evaluated as well as the amount of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released after exposure to different PDFs (NICO and EXTRANEAL [EX, Baxter Healthcare Corp., Chicago, IL, USA]) and neutralized pH glucose PDF MIDPELIQ 250 (M250, Terumo). The water transport ability of NICO, EX, and M250 was tested using dialysis tube membranes with various pore sizes: 1, 2, 6-8, and 12-16 kDa. Although cell viability decreased by 30% after 30 min exposure to NICO, it was maintained for 6 h while a significant decrease was observed after 6 h exposure to EX. However, following adjustment of the pH to the same pre-exposure pH value, there was no significant difference in cell viability within the same pH group despite a doubling of the difference in the total amount of GDPs (44.6 ± 8.6 µM in NICO and 91.9 ± 9.5 µM in EX, respectively). In contrast, a significant decrease in cell viability was observed when the pH decreased to less than pH 6. Levels of released LDH, a cytotoxic marker, were within 5% after a 6-h exposure of NICO to PDE-HPMCs. There was no significant difference in water transport ability represented as overall osmotic gradients between NICO and EX. In conclusion, neutralization of icodextrin PDF is beneficial for maintaining cell viability and minimizing LDH release while water transport ability is comparable to the conventional icodextrin PDF. © 2016 International Center for Artificial Organs and Transplantation and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Stochastic-field cavitation model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dumond, J.; Magagnato, F.; Class, A.

2013-07-01

Nonlinear phenomena can often be well described using probability density functions (pdf) and pdf transport models. Traditionally, the simulation of pdf transport requires Monte-Carlo codes based on Lagrangian "particles" or prescribed pdf assumptions including binning techniques. Recently, in the field of combustion, a novel formulation called the stochastic-field method solving pdf transport based on Eulerian fields has been proposed which eliminates the necessity to mix Eulerian and Lagrangian techniques or prescribed pdf assumptions. In the present work, for the first time the stochastic-field method is applied to multi-phase flow and, in particular, to cavitating flow. To validate the proposed stochastic-field cavitation model, two applications are considered. First, sheet cavitation is simulated in a Venturi-type nozzle. The second application is an innovative fluidic diode which exhibits coolant flashing. Agreement with experimental results is obtained for both applications with a fixed set of model constants. The stochastic-field cavitation model captures the wide range of pdf shapes present at different locations.

A cavitation model based on Eulerian stochastic fields

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Magagnato, F.; Dumond, J.

2013-12-01

Non-linear phenomena can often be described using probability density functions (pdf) and pdf transport models. Traditionally the simulation of pdf transport requires Monte-Carlo codes based on Lagrangian "particles" or prescribed pdf assumptions including binning techniques. Recently, in the field of combustion, a novel formulation called the stochastic-field method solving pdf transport based on Eulerian fields has been proposed which eliminates the necessity to mix Eulerian and Lagrangian techniques or prescribed pdf assumptions. In the present work, for the first time the stochastic-field method is applied to multi-phase flow and in particular to cavitating flow. To validate the proposed stochastic-field cavitation model, two applications are considered. Firstly, sheet cavitation is simulated in a Venturi-type nozzle. The second application is an innovative fluidic diode which exhibits coolant flashing. Agreement with experimental results is obtained for both applications with a fixed set of model constants. The stochastic-field cavitation model captures the wide range of pdf shapes present at different locations.

Constraints on the gluon PDF from top quark pair production at hadron colliders

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Czakon, Michal; Mangano, Michelangelo L.; Mitov, Alexander; Rojo, Juan

2013-07-01

Using the recently derived NNLO cross sections [1], we provide NNLO+NNLL theoretical predictions for top quark pair production based on all the available NNLO PDF sets, and compare them with the most precise LHC and Tevatron data. In this comparison we study in detail the PDF uncertainty and the scale, m t and α s dependence of the theoretical predictions for each PDF set. Next, we observe that top quark pair production provides a powerful direct constraint on the gluon PDF at large x, and include Tevatron and LHC top pair data consistently into a global NNLO PDF fit. We then explore the phenomenological consequences of the reduced gluon PDF uncertainties, by showing how they can improve predictions for Beyond the Standard Model processes at the LHC. Finally, we update to full NNLO+NNLL the theoretical predictions for the ratio of top quark cross sections between different LHC center of mass energies, as well as the cross sections for hypothetical heavy fourth-generation quark production at the LHC.

Stochastic-field cavitation model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dumond, J., E-mail: julien.dumond@areva.com; AREVA GmbH, Erlangen, Paul-Gossen-Strasse 100, D-91052 Erlangen; Magagnato, F.

2013-07-15

Nonlinear phenomena can often be well described using probability density functions (pdf) and pdf transport models. Traditionally, the simulation of pdf transport requires Monte-Carlo codes based on Lagrangian “particles” or prescribed pdf assumptions including binning techniques. Recently, in the field of combustion, a novel formulation called the stochastic-field method solving pdf transport based on Eulerian fields has been proposed which eliminates the necessity to mix Eulerian and Lagrangian techniques or prescribed pdf assumptions. In the present work, for the first time the stochastic-field method is applied to multi-phase flow and, in particular, to cavitating flow. To validate the proposed stochastic-fieldmore » cavitation model, two applications are considered. First, sheet cavitation is simulated in a Venturi-type nozzle. The second application is an innovative fluidic diode which exhibits coolant flashing. Agreement with experimental results is obtained for both applications with a fixed set of model constants. The stochastic-field cavitation model captures the wide range of pdf shapes present at different locations.« less

The PDF4LHC report on PDFs and LHC data: Results from Run I and preparation for Run II

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rojo, Juan; Accardi, Alberto; Ball, Richard D.

2015-09-16

The accurate determination of Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs) of the proton is an essential ingredient of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) program. PDF uncertainties impact a wide range of processes, from Higgs boson characterization and precision Standard Model measurements to New Physics searches. A major recent development in modern PDF analyses has been to exploit the wealth of new information contained in precision measurements from the LHC Run I, as well as progress in tools and methods to include these data in PDF fits. In this report we summarize the information that PDF-sensitive measurements at the LHC have provided somore » far, and review the prospects for further constraining PDFs with data from the recently started Run II. As a result, this document aims to provide useful input to the LHC collaborations to prioritize their PDF-sensitive measurements at Run II, as well as a comprehensive reference for the PDF-fitting collaborations.« less

Virginia Natural Heritage Program

Science.gov Websites

Heritage About Natural Heritage Overview, Mission Natural Heritage Inventory Community Ecology Program ) | Strategic Plan (PDF) | Executive Progress Report (PDF) | Code of Ethics (PDF) Your browser does not support

Staying Well

MedlinePlus

... Brochure Vitamins, Minerals, and Herbs in MS: An Introduction (.pdf) Practical guide to diet supplements for people ... you Vitamins, Minerals, and Herbs in MS: An Introduction (.pdf) Download Brochure Taming Stress (.pdf) Download Brochure ...

A compound scattering pdf for the ultrasonic echo envelope and its relationship to K and Nakagami distributions.

PubMed

Shankar, P Mohana

2003-03-01

A compound probability density function (pdf) is presented to describe the envelope of the backscattered echo from tissue. This pdf allows local and global variation in scattering cross sections in tissue. The ultrasonic backscattering cross sections are assumed to be gamma distributed. The gamma distribution also is used to model the randomness in the average cross sections. This gamma-gamma model results in the compound scattering pdf for the envelope. The relationship of this compound pdf to the Rayleigh, K, and Nakagami distributions is explored through an analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio of the envelopes and random number simulations. The three parameter compound pdf appears to be flexible enough to represent envelope statistics giving rise to Rayleigh, K, and Nakagami distributions.

A multi-scalar PDF approach for LES of turbulent spray combustion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Raman, Venkat; Heye, Colin

2011-11-01

A comprehensive joint-scalar probability density function (PDF) approach is proposed for large eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent spray combustion and tests are conducted to analyze the validity and modeling requirements. The PDF method has the advantage that the chemical source term appears closed but requires models for the small scale mixing process. A stable and consistent numerical algorithm for the LES/PDF approach is presented. To understand the modeling issues in the PDF method, direct numerical simulation of a spray flame at three different fuel droplet Stokes numbers and an equivalent gaseous flame are carried out. Assumptions in closing the subfilter conditional diffusion term in the filtered PDF transport equation are evaluated for various model forms. In addition, the validity of evaporation rate models in high Stokes number flows is analyzed.

Probability density function approach for compressible turbulent reacting flows

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hsu, A. T.; Tsai, Y.-L. P.; Raju, M. S.

1994-01-01

The objective of the present work is to extend the probability density function (PDF) tubulence model to compressible reacting flows. The proability density function of the species mass fractions and enthalpy are obtained by solving a PDF evolution equation using a Monte Carlo scheme. The PDF solution procedure is coupled with a compression finite-volume flow solver which provides the velocity and pressure fields. A modeled PDF equation for compressible flows, capable of treating flows with shock waves and suitable to the present coupling scheme, is proposed and tested. Convergence of the combined finite-volume Monte Carlo solution procedure is discussed. Two super sonic diffusion flames are studied using the proposed PDF model and the results are compared with experimental data; marked improvements over solutions without PDF are observed.

A comprehensive model to determine the effects of temperature and species fluctuations on reactions in turbulent reacting flows

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Antaki, P. J.

1981-01-01

The joint probability distribution function (pdf), which is a modification of the bivariate Gaussian pdf, is discussed and results are presented for a global reaction model using the joint pdf. An alternative joint pdf is discussed. A criterion which permits the selection of temperature pdf's in different regions of turbulent, reacting flow fields is developed. Two principal approaches to the determination of reaction rates in computer programs containing detailed chemical kinetics are outlined. These models represent a practical solution to the modeling of species reaction rates in turbulent, reacting flows.

Easy-to-Read

MedlinePlus

... and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases) Also in Spanish Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Understanding Chemotherapy (National Cancer Institute) - PDF ... Therapy (National Cancer Institute) - PDF Also in Spanish Acute Myeloid Leukemia Understanding Chemotherapy (National Cancer Institute) - PDF ...

Postpartum Depression - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Русский (Russian) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Postpartum Depression - English PDF Postpartum Depression - Русский (Russian) PDF Postpartum Depression - English MP3 ...

Geomorphic Framework to assess changes to aquatic habitat due to flow regulation and channel and floodplain alteration, Cedar River, Washington

USGS Publications Warehouse

Gendaszek, Andrew S.; Magirl, Christopher S.; Czuba, Christiana R.; Konrad, Christopher P.; Little, Rand

2010-01-01

Flow regulation, bank armoring, and floodplain alteration since the early 20th century have contributed to significant changes in the hydrologic regime and geomorphic processes of the Cedar River in Washington State. The Cedar River originates in the Cascade Range, provides drinking water to the Seattle metropolitan area, and supports several populations of anadromous salmonids. Flow regulation currently has limited influence on the magnitude, duration, and timing of high-flow events, which affect the incubation of salmonids as well as the production and maintenance of their habitat. Unlike structural changes to the channel and floodplain, flow regulation may be modified in the short-term to improve the viability of salmon populations. An understanding of the effects of flow regulation on those populations must be discerned over a range of scales from individual floods that affect the size of individual year classes to decadal high flow regime that influences the amount and quality of channel and off-channel habitat available for spawning and rearing. We present estimates of reach-scale sediment budgets and changes to channel morphology derived from historical orthoimagery, specific gage analyses at four long-term streamflow-gaging stations to quantify trends in aggradation, and hydrologic statistics of the magnitude and duration of peak streamflows. These data suggest a gradient of channel types from unconfined, sediment-rich segments to confined, sediment-poor segments that are likely to have distinct responses to high flows. Particle-size distribution data and longitudinal water surface and streambed profiles for the 56 km downstream of Chester Morse Lake measured in 2010 show the spatial extent of preferred salmonid habitat along the Cedar River. These historical and current data constitute a geomorphic framework to help assess different river management scenarios for salmonid habitat and population viability. PDF version of a presentation on changes to aquatic habitat at the Cedar River in Washington state. Presented at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting 2010.

A European Humus Forms Reference Base

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zanella, A.; Englisch, M.; Ponge, J.-F.; Jabiol, B.; Sartori, G.; Gardi, C.

2012-04-01

From 2003 on, a panel of experts in humus and humus dynamics (Humus group) has been working about a standardisation and improvement of existing national humus classifications. Some important goals have been reached, in order to share data and experiences: a) definition of specific terms; b) description of 15 types of diagnostic horizons; c) of 10 basic humus forms references; d) subdivision of each main reference in 2-4 sub-unities; e) elaboration of a general European Humus Form Reference Base (http://hal-agroparistech.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/56/17/95/PDF/Humus_Forms_ERB_31_01_2011.pdf); f) publication of the scientific significance of this base of classification as an article [A European morpho-functional classification of humus forms. Geoderma, 164 (3-4), 138-145]. The classification will be updated every 2 years and presently the Humus group is assessing biological (general: soil, vegetation, biome; specific: fungi, bacteria, pedofauna), physical (air temperature, rainfall) and chemical (pH, mineral elements, organic matter, quality and quantity of humic components…) factors which characterize basic humus forms and their varieties. The content of the new version of the classification is planned to be more "practical", like an ecological manual which lists associated humus forms and environmental data in the aim to contribute to a more precise environmental diagnosis of every analysed terrestrial and semiterrestrial European ecosystem. The Humus group is also involved in an endeavour to include humus forms in the World Reference Base for Soils (WRB-FAO) according to nomenclatural principles erected for soil profiles. Thirty basic references have been defined, complemented by a set of qualifiers (prefixes and suffixes), allowing to classify European humus forms and probably a large majority of humus forms known worldwide. The principles of the classification, the diagnostic horizons and humus forms main references are presented at the General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union with the aim to stimulate members' curiosity. Interested people are invited to test the classification system in various field areas and to collaborate with the Humus group. Critical observations and field data/impressions are welcome as every other suggestions which can help in elaborating the 2013 version of the European humus forms classification.

77 FR 23754 - Notice Pursuant to the National Cooperative Research and Production Act of 1993-3D PDF Consortium...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-20

... Production Act of 1993--3D PDF Consortium, Inc. Notice is hereby given that, on March 27, 2012, pursuant to.... (``the Act''), 3D PDF Consortium, Inc. (``3D PDF'') has filed written notifications simultaneously with... Corporation, Boulder, CO; Aras Corporation, Andover, MA; Tetra 4D, LLC, Seattle, WA; Tech Soft 3D, Berkeley...

An Overview of the NCC Spray/Monte-Carlo-PDF Computations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Raju, M. S.; Liu, Nan-Suey (Technical Monitor)

2000-01-01

This paper advances the state-of-the-art in spray computations with some of our recent contributions involving scalar Monte Carlo PDF (Probability Density Function), unstructured grids and parallel computing. It provides a complete overview of the scalar Monte Carlo PDF and Lagrangian spray computer codes developed for application with unstructured grids and parallel computing. Detailed comparisons for the case of a reacting non-swirling spray clearly highlight the important role that chemistry/turbulence interactions play in the modeling of reacting sprays. The results from the PDF and non-PDF methods were found to be markedly different and the PDF solution is closer to the reported experimental data. The PDF computations predict that some of the combustion occurs in a predominantly premixed-flame environment and the rest in a predominantly diffusion-flame environment. However, the non-PDF solution predicts wrongly for the combustion to occur in a vaporization-controlled regime. Near the premixed flame, the Monte Carlo particle temperature distribution shows two distinct peaks: one centered around the flame temperature and the other around the surrounding-gas temperature. Near the diffusion flame, the Monte Carlo particle temperature distribution shows a single peak. In both cases, the computed PDF's shape and strength are found to vary substantially depending upon the proximity to the flame surface. The results bring to the fore some of the deficiencies associated with the use of assumed-shape PDF methods in spray computations. Finally, we end the paper by demonstrating the computational viability of the present solution procedure for its use in 3D combustor calculations by summarizing the results of a 3D test case with periodic boundary conditions. For the 3D case, the parallel performance of all the three solvers (CFD, PDF, and spray) has been found to be good when the computations were performed on a 24-processor SGI Origin work-station.

Improved biocompatibility of bicarbonate/lactate-buffered PDF is not related to pH.

PubMed

Zareie, Mohammad; Keuning, Eelco D; ter Wee, Piet M; Schalkwijk, Casper G; Beelen, Robert H J; van den Born, Jacob

2006-01-01

Chronic exposure to conventional peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) is associated with functional and structural alterations of the peritoneal membrane. The bioincompatibility of conventional PDF can be due to hypertonicity, high glucose concentration, lactate buffering system, presence of glucose degradation products (GDPs) and/or acidic pH. Although various investigators have studied the sole effects of hyperosmolarity, high glucose, GDPs and lactate buffer in experimental PD, less attention has been paid to the chronic impact of low pH in vivo. Rats received daily 10 ml of either conventional lactate-buffered PDF (pH 5.2; n=7), a standard bicarbonate/lactate-buffered PDF with physiological pH (n=8), bicarbonate/lactate-buffered PDF with acidic pH (adjusted to pH 5.2 with 1 N hydrochloride, n=5), or bicarbonate/lactate buffer, without glucose, pH 7.4 (n=7). Fluids were instilled via peritoneal catheters connected to implanted subcutaneous mini vascular access ports for 8 weeks. Control animals with or without peritoneal catheters served as control groups (n=8/group). Various functional (2 h PET) and morphological/cellular parameters were analyzed. Compared with control groups and the buffer group, conventional lactate-buffered PDF induced a number of morphological/cellular changes, including angiogenesis and fibrosis in various peritoneal tissues (all parameters P<0.05), accompanied by increased glucose absorption and reduced ultrafiltration capacity. Daily exposure to standard or acidified bicarbonate/lactate-buffered PDF improved the performance of the peritoneal membrane, evidenced by reduced new vessel formation in omentum (P<0.02) and parietal peritoneum (P<0.008), reduced fibrosis (P<0.02) and improved ultrafiltration capacity. No significant differences were found between standard and acidified bicarbonate/lactate-buffered PDF. During PET, acidic PDF was neutralized within 15 to 20 min. The bicarbonate/lactate-buffered PDF, acidity per se did not contribute substantially to peritoneal worsening in our in vivo model for PD, which might be explained by the buffering capacity of the peritoneum.

On Variations in the Level of PER in Glial Clocks of Drosophila Optic Lobe and Its Negative Regulation by PDF Signaling.

PubMed

Górska-Andrzejak, Jolanta; Chwastek, Elżbieta M; Walkowicz, Lucyna; Witek, Kacper

2018-01-01

We show that the level of the core protein of the circadian clock Period (PER) expressed by glial peripheral oscillators depends on their location in the Drosophila optic lobe. It appears to be controlled by the ventral lateral neurons (LNvs) that release the circadian neurotransmitter Pigment Dispersing Factor (PDF). We demonstrate that glial cells of the distal medulla neuropil (dMnGl) that lie in the vicinity of the PDF-releasing terminals of the LNvs possess receptors for PDF (PDFRs) and express PER at significantly higher level than other types of glia. Surprisingly, the amplitude of PER molecular oscillations in dMnGl is increased twofold in PDF-free environment, that is in Pdf 0 mutants. The Pdf 0 mutants also reveal an increased level of glia-specific protein REPO in dMnGl. The photoreceptors of the compound eye (R-cells) of the PDF-null flies, on the other hand, exhibit de-synchrony of PER molecular oscillations, which manifests itself as increased variability of PER-specific immunofluorescence among the R-cells. Moreover, the daily pattern of expression of the presynaptic protein Bruchpilot (BRP) in the lamina terminals of the R-cells is changed in Pdf 0 mutant. Considering that PDFRs are also expressed by the marginal glia of the lamina that surround the R-cell terminals, the LNv pacemakers appear to be the likely modulators of molecular cycling in the peripheral clocks of both the glial cells and the photoreceptors of the compound eye. Consequently, some form of PDF-based coupling of the glial clocks and the photoreceptors of the eye with the central LNv pacemakers must be operational.

On Variations in the Level of PER in Glial Clocks of Drosophila Optic Lobe and Its Negative Regulation by PDF Signaling

PubMed Central

Górska-Andrzejak, Jolanta; Chwastek, Elżbieta M.; Walkowicz, Lucyna; Witek, Kacper

2018-01-01

We show that the level of the core protein of the circadian clock Period (PER) expressed by glial peripheral oscillators depends on their location in the Drosophila optic lobe. It appears to be controlled by the ventral lateral neurons (LNvs) that release the circadian neurotransmitter Pigment Dispersing Factor (PDF). We demonstrate that glial cells of the distal medulla neuropil (dMnGl) that lie in the vicinity of the PDF-releasing terminals of the LNvs possess receptors for PDF (PDFRs) and express PER at significantly higher level than other types of glia. Surprisingly, the amplitude of PER molecular oscillations in dMnGl is increased twofold in PDF-free environment, that is in Pdf0 mutants. The Pdf0 mutants also reveal an increased level of glia-specific protein REPO in dMnGl. The photoreceptors of the compound eye (R-cells) of the PDF-null flies, on the other hand, exhibit de-synchrony of PER molecular oscillations, which manifests itself as increased variability of PER-specific immunofluorescence among the R-cells. Moreover, the daily pattern of expression of the presynaptic protein Bruchpilot (BRP) in the lamina terminals of the R-cells is changed in Pdf0 mutant. Considering that PDFRs are also expressed by the marginal glia of the lamina that surround the R-cell terminals, the LNv pacemakers appear to be the likely modulators of molecular cycling in the peripheral clocks of both the glial cells and the photoreceptors of the compound eye. Consequently, some form of PDF-based coupling of the glial clocks and the photoreceptors of the eye with the central LNv pacemakers must be operational. PMID:29615925

Evolution of pigment-dispersing factor neuropeptides in Panarthropoda: Insights from Onychophora (velvet worms) and Tardigrada (water bears).

PubMed

Mayer, Georg; Hering, Lars; Stosch, Juliane M; Stevenson, Paul A; Dircksen, Heinrich

2015-09-01

Pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) denotes a conserved family of homologous neuropeptides present in several invertebrate groups, including mollusks, nematodes, insects, and crustaceans (referred to here as pigment-dispersing hormone [PDH]). With regard to their encoding genes (pdf, pdh), insects possess only one, nematodes two, and decapod crustaceans up to three, but their phylogenetic relationship is unknown. To shed light on the origin and diversification of pdf/pdh homologs in Panarthropoda (Onychophora + Tardigrada + Arthropoda) and other molting animals (Ecdysozoa), we analyzed the transcriptomes of five distantly related onychophorans and a representative tardigrade and searched for putative pdf homologs in publically available genomes of other protostomes. This revealed only one pdf homolog in several mollusk and annelid species; two in Onychophora, Priapulida, and Nematoda; and three in Tardigrada. Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the last common ancestor of Panarthropoda possessed two pdf homologs, one of which was lost in the arthropod or arthropod/tardigrade lineage, followed by subsequent duplications of the remaining homolog in some taxa. Immunolocalization of PDF-like peptides in six onychophoran species, by using a broadly reactive antibody that recognizes PDF/PDH peptides in numerous species, revealed an elaborate system of neurons and fibers in their central and peripheral nervous systems. Large varicose projections in the heart suggest that the PDF neuropeptides functioned as both circulating hormones and locally released transmitters in the last common ancestor of Onychophora and Arthropoda. The lack of PDF-like-immunoreactive somata associated with the onychophoran optic ganglion conforms to the hypothesis that onychophoran eyes are homologous to the arthropod median ocelli. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Qualitative Considerations of Nuclear Forces at Lower Numbers and Implications for Future Arms Control Negotiations

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-07-01

focused on increasing the size of the nuclear arsenal. Forsyth, Jr., James Wood, Col B. Chance Saltzman , and Gary Schaub, Jr. “Remembrance of...control. Appendices include reviews of the last two NPRs and a history of strategic arms control. Johnson, Dana J., Christopher J. Bowie, Robert...www.gao.gov/new.items/d11387.pdf Forsyth, James Wood Jr., B. Chance Saltzman , and Gary Schaub, Jr. “Remembrance of Things Past,” Strategic Studies

76 FR 6499 - Public Availability of FY 2010 Service Contract Inventories

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-04

...-contract-inventories-guidance-11052010.pdf . Office of Acquisitions and Contract Management has posted its...://multimedia.peacecorps.gov/multimedia/pdf/policies/PC_Service_Contracts_FY2010.pdf . FOR FURTHER INFORMATION...

Identification of a new peptide deformylase gene from enterococcus faecium and establishment of a new screening model targeted on PDF for novel antibiotics.

PubMed

Tang, Xian-Bing; Si, Shu-Yi; Zhang, Yue-Qin

2004-09-01

To identify a new peptide deformylase (PDF) gene (Genebank Accession AY238515) from Enterococcus faecium and to establish a new screening model targeted on PDF. A new PDF gene was identified by BLAST analysis and PCR and was subsequently over-expressed in the prokaryotic expression host E. coli B121(DE3). Over-expressed protein was purified for enzymatic assay by metal affinity chromatography and a new screening model was established for novel antibiotics. A new PDF gene of Enterococcus faecium was identified successfully. Ten positive samples were picked up from 8000 compound library and the microbial fermentation broth samples. A new PDF of gene Enterococcus faecium was first identified and the model had a high efficacy. Positive samples screened may be antibacterial agents of broad spectrum.

Local structure studies of materials using pair distribution function analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peterson, Joseph W.

A collection of pair distribution function studies on various materials is presented in this dissertation. In each case, local structure information of interest pushes the current limits of what these studies can accomplish. The goal is to provide insight into the individual material behaviors as well as to investigate ways to expand the current limits of PDF analysis. Where possible, I provide a framework for how PDF analysis might be applied to a wider set of material phenomena. Throughout the dissertation, I discuss 0 the capabilities of the PDF method to provide information pertaining to a material's structure and properties, ii) current limitations in the conventional approach to PDF analysis, iii) possible solutions to overcome certain limitations in PDF analysis, and iv) suggestions for future work to expand and improve the capabilities PDF analysis.

PDF-modulated visual inputs and cryptochrome define diurnal behavior in Drosophila.

PubMed

Cusumano, Paola; Klarsfeld, André; Chélot, Elisabeth; Picot, Marie; Richier, Benjamin; Rouyer, François

2009-11-01

Morning and evening circadian oscillators control the bimodal activity of Drosophila in light-dark cycles. The lateral neurons evening oscillator (LN-EO) is important for promoting diurnal activity at dusk. We found that the LN-EO autonomously synchronized to light-dark cycles through either the cryptochrome (CRY) that it expressed or the visual system. In conditions in which CRY was not activated, flies depleted for pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) or its receptor lost the evening activity and displayed reversed PER oscillations in the LN-EO. Rescue experiments indicated that normal PER cycling and the presence of evening activity relied on PDF secretion from the large ventral lateral neurons and PDF receptor function in the LN-EO. The LN-EO thus integrates light inputs and PDF signaling to control Drosophila diurnal behavior, revealing a new clock-independent function for PDF.

PDF4LHC recommendations for LHC Run II

DOE PAGES

Butterworth, Jon; Carrazza, Stefano; Cooper-Sarkar, Amanda; ...

2016-01-06

We provide an updated recommendation for the usage of sets of parton distribution functions (PDFs) and the assessment of PDF and PDF+αs uncertainties suitable for applications at the LHC Run II. We review developments since the previous PDF4LHC recommendation, and discuss and compare the new generation of PDFs, which include substantial information from experimental data from the Run I of the LHC. We then propose a new prescription for the combination of a suitable subset of the available PDF sets, which is presented in terms of a single combined PDF set. Lastly, we finally discuss tools which allow for themore » delivery of this combined set in terms of optimized sets of Hessian eigenvectors or Monte Carlo replicas, and their usage, and provide some examples of their application to LHC phenomenology.« less

The photon content of the proton

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Manohar, Aneesh V.; Nason, Paolo; Salam, Gavin P.; Zanderighi, Giulia

2017-12-01

The photon PDF of the proton is needed for precision comparisons of LHC cross sections with theoretical predictions. In a recent paper, we showed how the photon PDF could be determined in terms of the electromagnetic proton structure functions F 2 and F L measured in electron-proton scattering experiments, and gave an explicit formula for the PDF including all terms up to next-to-leading order. In this paper we give details of the derivation. We obtain the photon PDF using the factorisation theorem and applying it to suitable BSM hard scattering processes. We also obtain the same PDF in a process-independent manner using the usual definition of PDFs in terms of light-cone Fourier transforms of products of operators. We show how our method gives an exact representation for the photon PDF in terms of F 2 and F L , valid to all orders in QED and QCD, and including all non-perturbative corrections. This representation is then used to give an explicit formula for the photon PDF to one order higher than our previous result. We also generalise our results to obtain formulæ for the polarised photon PDF, as well as the photon TMDPDF. Using our formula, we derive the P γ i subset of DGLAP splitting functions to order αα s and α 2, which agree with known results. We give a detailed explanation of the approach that we follow to determine a photon PDF and its uncertainty within the above framework.

The GABAA Receptor RDL Acts in Peptidergic PDF Neurons to Promote Sleep in Drosophila

PubMed Central

Chung, Brian Y.; Kilman, Valerie L.; Keath, J. Russel; Pitman, Jena L.; Allada, Ravi

2011-01-01

SUMMARY Sleep is regulated by a circadian clock that largely times sleep and wake to occur at specific times of day and a sleep homeostat that drives sleep as a function of duration of prior wakefulness[1]. To better understand the role of the circadian clock in sleep regulation, we have been using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster[2]. Fruit flies display all of the core behavioral features of sleep including relative immobility, elevated arousal thresholds and homeostatic regulation[2, 3]. We assessed sleep-wake modulation by a core set of 20 circadian pacemaker neurons that express the neuropeptide PDF. We find that PDF neuron ablation, loss of pdf or its receptor pdfr results in increased sleep during the late night in light:dark (LD) conditions and more prominent increases on the first subjective day of constant darkness (DD). Flies deploy similar genetic and neurotransmitter pathways to regulate sleep as their mammalian counterparts, including GABA[4]. We find that RNAi-mediated knockdown of the GABAA receptor gene, Resistant to dieldrin (Rdl), in PDF neurons, reduced sleep consistent with a role for GABA in inhibiting PDF neuron function. Patch clamp electrophysiology reveals GABA-activated picrotoxin-sensitive chloride currents on PDF+ neurons. In addition, RDL is detectable most strongly on the large subset of PDF+ pacemaker neurons. These results suggest that GABAergic inhibition of arousal promoting PDF neurons is an important mode of sleep-wake regulation in vivo. PMID:19230663

Diet History Questionnaire II: Size Formats

Cancer.gov

Two serving size formats are used on the NCI versions of the DHQ as shown below. Format 1 is used for nearly all serving size questions. Format 2 is used only in special cases, where 'never' is allowed as a response.

Two Bull Mine - Div. of Mining, Land, and Water

Science.gov Websites

27.21.080(d) and 11 AAC 90.129(b). DMLW - Mining is issuing a Final Findings of Fact and Decision for the renewal of the Two Bull Mine permit. Final Findings and Decision PDF (9/2/2016) Public Notice of Final Findings and Decision PDF (9/2/2016) Preliminary Findings of Fact PDF (3/11/2016) Public Notice PDF (3/11

Probabilistic density function method for nonlinear dynamical systems driven by colored noise.

PubMed

Barajas-Solano, David A; Tartakovsky, Alexandre M

2016-05-01

We present a probability density function (PDF) method for a system of nonlinear stochastic ordinary differential equations driven by colored noise. The method provides an integrodifferential equation for the temporal evolution of the joint PDF of the system's state, which we close by means of a modified large-eddy-diffusivity (LED) closure. In contrast to the classical LED closure, the proposed closure accounts for advective transport of the PDF in the approximate temporal deconvolution of the integrodifferential equation. In addition, we introduce the generalized local linearization approximation for deriving a computable PDF equation in the form of a second-order partial differential equation. We demonstrate that the proposed closure and localization accurately describe the dynamics of the PDF in phase space for systems driven by noise with arbitrary autocorrelation time. We apply the proposed PDF method to analyze a set of Kramers equations driven by exponentially autocorrelated Gaussian colored noise to study nonlinear oscillators and the dynamics and stability of a power grid. Numerical experiments show the PDF method is accurate when the noise autocorrelation time is either much shorter or longer than the system's relaxation time, while the accuracy decreases as the ratio of the two timescales approaches unity. Similarly, the PDF method accuracy decreases with increasing standard deviation of the noise.

The GABA(A) receptor RDL acts in peptidergic PDF neurons to promote sleep in Drosophila.

PubMed

Chung, Brian Y; Kilman, Valerie L; Keath, J Russel; Pitman, Jena L; Allada, Ravi

2009-03-10

Sleep is regulated by a circadian clock that times sleep and wake to specific times of day and a homeostat that drives sleep as a function of prior wakefulness. To analyze the role of the circadian clock, we have used the fruit fly Drosophila. Flies display the core behavioral features of sleep, including relative immobility, elevated arousal thresholds, and homeostatic regulation. We assessed sleep-wake modulation by a core set of circadian pacemaker neurons that express the neuropeptide PDF. We find that disruption of PDF function increases sleep during the late night in light:dark and the first subjective day of constant darkness. Flies deploy genetic and neurotransmitter pathways to regulate sleep that are similar to those of their mammalian counterparts, including GABA. We find that RNA interference-mediated knockdown of the GABA(A) receptor gene, Resistant to dieldrin (Rdl), in PDF neurons reduces sleep, consistent with a role for GABA in inhibiting PDF neuron function. Patch-clamp electrophysiology reveals GABA-activated picrotoxin-sensitive chloride currents on PDF+ neurons. In addition, RDL is detectable most strongly on the large subset of PDF+ pacemaker neurons. These results suggest that GABAergic inhibition of arousal-promoting PDF neurons is an important mode of sleep-wake regulation in vivo.

Characterization of PDF-immunoreactive neurons in the optic lobe and cerebral lobe of the cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus.

PubMed

Abdelsalam, Salaheldin; Uemura, Hiroyuki; Umezaki, Yujiro; Saifullah, A S M; Shimohigashi, Miki; Tomioka, Kenji

2008-07-01

Pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) is a neuropeptide playing important roles in insect circadian systems. In this study, we morphologically and physiologically characterized PDF-immunoreactive neurons in the optic lobe and the brain of the cricket Gryllus bimaculatus. PDF-immunoreactivity was detected in cells located in the proximal medulla (PDFMe cells) and those in the dorsal and ventral regions of the outer chiasma (PDFLa cells). The PDFMe cells had varicose processes spread over the frontal surface of the medulla and the PDFLa cells had varicose mesh-like innervations in almost whole lamina, suggesting their modulatory role in the optic lobe. Some of PDFMe cells had a hairpin-shaped axonal process running toward the lamina then turning back to project into the brain where they terminated at various protocerebral areas. The PDFMe cells had a low frequency spontaneous spike activity that was higher during the night and was often slightly increased by light pulses. Six pairs of PDF-immunoreactive neurons were also found in the frontal ganglion. Competitive ELISA with anti-PDF antibodies revealed daily cycling of PDF both in the optic lobe and cerebral lobe with an increase during the night that persisted in constant darkness. The physiological role of PDF is discussed based on these results.

An Examination of the Design, Development, and Implementation of an Internet Protocol Version 6 Network: The ADTRAN Inc. Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perigo, Levi

2013-01-01

In this dissertation, the author examined the capabilities of Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) in regard to replacing Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) as the internetworking technology for Medium-sized Businesses (MBs) in the Information Systems (IS) field. Transition to IPv6 is inevitable, and, thus, organizations are adopting this protocol…

A PDF closure model for compressible turbulent chemically reacting flows

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kollmann, W.

1992-01-01

The objective of the proposed research project was the analysis of single point closures based on probability density function (pdf) and characteristic functions and the development of a prediction method for the joint velocity-scalar pdf in turbulent reacting flows. Turbulent flows of boundary layer type and stagnation point flows with and without chemical reactions were be calculated as principal applications. Pdf methods for compressible reacting flows were developed and tested in comparison with available experimental data. The research work carried in this project was concentrated on the closure of pdf equations for incompressible and compressible turbulent flows with and without chemical reactions.

Planning Archives | NOAA Gulf Spill Restoration

Science.gov Websites

Artificial Reef Creation Off the Texas Coast (pdf, 1.2 MB) Galveston Island State Park Beach Redevelopment Marsh Creation (pdf, 620 KB) Louisiana: Oyster Cultch (pdf, 522 KB) Mississippi: Artificial Reef Habitat

32 CFR 65.5 - Responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Data System (RCCPDS)” (see http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/773054m_vol1.pdf). (11) Direct... of Active Duty Military Personnel Records” (see http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/133605p...

Is 30-second update fast enough for convection-resolving data assimilation?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miyoshi, Takemasa; Ruiz, Juan; Lien, Guo-Yuan; Teramura, Toshiki; Kondo, Keiichi; Maejima, Yasumitsu; Honda, Takumi; Otsuka, Shigenori

2017-04-01

For local severe weather forecasting at 100-m resolution with 30-minute lead time, we have been working on the "Big Data Assimilation" (BDA) effort for super-rapid 30-second cycle of an ensemble Kalman filter. We have presented two papers with the concept and case studies (Miyoshi et al. 2016, BAMS; Proceedings of the IEEE). We focus on the non-Gaussian PDF in this study. We were hoping that we could assume the Gaussian error distribution in 30-second forecasts before strong nonlinear dynamics distort the error distribution for rapidly-changing convective storms. However, using 1000 ensemble members, the reduced-resolution version of the BDA system at 1-km grid spacing with 30-second updates showed ubiquity of highly non-Gaussian PDF. Although our results so far with multiple case studies were quite successful, this gives us a doubt about our Gaussian assumption even if the data assimilation interval is short enough compared with the system's chaotic time scale. We therefore pose a question if the 30-second update is fast enough for convection-resolving data assimilation under the Gaussian assumption. To answer this question, we aim to gain combined knowledge from BDA case studies, 1000-member experiments, 30-second breeding experiments, and toy-model experiments with dense and frequent observations. In this presentation, we will show the most up-to-date results of the BDA research, and will discuss about the question if the 30-second update is fast enough for convective-scale data assimilation.

Preliminary evidence for good psychometric properties of the Norwegian version of the Brief Problems Monitor (BPM).

PubMed

Richter, Jörg

2015-04-01

Methods to assess intervention progress and outcome for frequent use are needed. To provide preliminary information about psychometric properties for the Norwegian version of the Brief Problems Monitor. Cronbach's alpha scores and intra-class correlation coefficients as indicators for internal consistency (reliability) and Pearson correlation coefficients between corresponding subscales of the long and short ASEBA form versions as well as multiple regression coefficients to explore the predictive power of the reduced item-set related to the corresponding scale-scores of the long version were calculated in large, representative data sets of Norwegian children and adolescents. Cronbach's alpha scores of the Norwegian version of the BPM subscales varied between 0.67 (attention BPM-youth) and 0.88 (attention BPM-teacher) and between 0.90 (BPM-youth) and 0.96 (BPM-teacher) for its total problem score. Corresponding subscales from the long versions and the BPM as well as the total problems scores were closely correlated with coefficients of high effect size (all r > 0.80). The variance of the items of the BPM explained about three-quarters or more of the variance in the corresponding subscales of the long version. The Norwegian BPM has good psychometric properties in terms of 1) being acceptable to good internal consistency and in terms of 2) regression coefficients of high effect size from the BPM items to the problem-scale scores of the long versions as validity indicators. Its use in clinical practice and research can be recommended.

Detailed analysis of the supermarket task included on the Japanese version of the Rapid Dementia Screening Test.

PubMed

Moriyama, Yasushi; Yoshino, Aihide; Muramatsu, Taro; Mimura, Masaru

2017-05-01

The supermarket task, which is included in the Japanese version of the Rapid Dementia Screening Test, requires the quick (1 min) generation of words for things that can be bought in a supermarket. Cluster size and switches are investigated during this task. We investigated how the severity of dementia related to cluster size and switches on the supermarket task in patients with Alzheimer's disease. We administered the Japanese version of the Rapid Dementia Screening Test to 250 patients with very mild to severe Alzheimer's disease and to 49 healthy volunteers. Patients had Mini-Mental State Examination scores from 12 to 26 and Clinical Dementia Rating scale scores from 0.5 to 3. Patients were divided into four groups based on their Clinical Dementia Rating score (0.5, 1, 2, 3). We performed statistical analyses between the four groups and control subjects based on cluster size and switch scores on the supermarket task. The score for cluster size and switches deteriorated according to the severity of dementia. Moreover, for subjects with a Clinical Dementia Rating score of 0.5, cluster size was impaired, but switches were intact. Our findings indicate that the scores for cluster size and switches on the supermarket task may be useful for detecting the severity of symptoms of dementia in patients with Alzheimer's disease. © 2016 The Authors. Psychogeriatrics © 2016 Japanese Psychogeriatric Society.

Oral Cancer - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... a new window. Burmese (myanma bhasa) Expand Section Betel Nut - English PDF Betel Nut - myanma bhasa (Burmese) PDF Orange County North ... California Dental Association Karen (S’gaw Karen) Expand Section Betel Nut - English PDF Betel Nut - S’gaw Karen (Karen) ...

Birth Control - Multiple Languages

MedlinePlus

... Burmese (myanma bhasa) Expand Section Birth Control Methods - English PDF Birth Control Methods - myanma bhasa (Burmese) PDF ... Mandarin dialect) (简体中文) Expand Section Before Your Vasectomy - English PDF Before Your Vasectomy - 简体中文 (Chinese, Simplified (Mandarin ...

Uncertainty quantification tools for multiphase gas-solid flow simulations using MFIX

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fox, Rodney O.; Passalacqua, Alberto

2016-02-01

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been widely studied and used in the scientific community and in the industry. Various models were proposed to solve problems in different areas. However, all models deviate from reality. Uncertainty quantification (UQ) process evaluates the overall uncertainties associated with the prediction of quantities of interest. In particular it studies the propagation of input uncertainties to the outputs of the models so that confidence intervals can be provided for the simulation results. In the present work, a non-intrusive quadrature-based uncertainty quantification (QBUQ) approach is proposed. The probability distribution function (PDF) of the system response can bemore » then reconstructed using extended quadrature method of moments (EQMOM) and extended conditional quadrature method of moments (ECQMOM). The report first explains the theory of QBUQ approach, including methods to generate samples for problems with single or multiple uncertain input parameters, low order statistics, and required number of samples. Then methods for univariate PDF reconstruction (EQMOM) and multivariate PDF reconstruction (ECQMOM) are explained. The implementation of QBUQ approach into the open-source CFD code MFIX is discussed next. At last, QBUQ approach is demonstrated in several applications. The method is first applied to two examples: a developing flow in a channel with uncertain viscosity, and an oblique shock problem with uncertain upstream Mach number. The error in the prediction of the moment response is studied as a function of the number of samples, and the accuracy of the moments required to reconstruct the PDF of the system response is discussed. The QBUQ approach is then demonstrated by considering a bubbling fluidized bed as example application. The mean particle size is assumed to be the uncertain input parameter. The system is simulated with a standard two-fluid model with kinetic theory closures for the particulate phase implemented into MFIX. The effect of uncertainty on the disperse-phase volume fraction, on the phase velocities and on the pressure drop inside the fluidized bed are examined, and the reconstructed PDFs are provided for the three quantities studied. Then the approach is applied to a bubbling fluidized bed with two uncertain parameters, particle-particle and particle-wall restitution coefficients. Contour plots of the mean and standard deviation of solid volume fraction, solid phase velocities and gas pressure are provided. The PDFs of the response are reconstructed using EQMOM with appropriate kernel density functions. The simulation results are compared to experimental data provided by the 2013 NETL small-scale challenge problem. Lastly, the proposed procedure is demonstrated by considering a riser of a circulating fluidized bed as an example application. The mean particle size is considered to be the uncertain input parameter. Contour plots of the mean and standard deviation of solid volume fraction, solid phase velocities, and granular temperature are provided. Mean values and confidence intervals of the quantities of interest are compared to the experiment results. The univariate and bivariate PDF reconstructions of the system response are performed using EQMOM and ECQMOM.« less

PDF receptor signaling in Drosophila contributes to both circadian and geotactic behaviors.

PubMed

Mertens, Inge; Vandingenen, Anick; Johnson, Erik C; Shafer, Orie T; Li, W; Trigg, J S; De Loof, Arnold; Schoofs, Liliane; Taghert, Paul H

2005-10-20

The neuropeptide Pigment-Dispersing Factor (PDF) is a principle transmitter regulating circadian locomotor rhythms in Drosophila. We have identified a Class II (secretin-related) G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is specifically responsive to PDF and also to calcitonin-like peptides and to PACAP. In response to PDF, the PDF receptor (PDFR) elevates cAMP levels when expressed in HEK293 cells. As predicted by in vivo studies, cotransfection of Neurofibromatosis Factor 1 significantly improves coupling of PDFR to adenylate cyclase. pdfr mutant flies display increased circadian arrhythmicity, and also display altered geotaxis that is epistatic to that of pdf mutants. PDFR immunosignals are expressed by diverse neurons, but only by a small subset of circadian pacemakers. These data establish the first synapse within the Drosophila circadian neural circuit and underscore the importance of Class II peptide GPCR signaling in circadian neural systems.

Case Report: Diagnosis of a Rare Plaque-Like Dermal Fibroma Successfully Treated With Mohs Surgery.

PubMed

Gill, Pavandeep; Arlette, John; Shiau, Carolyn J; Abi Daoud, Marie S

CD34-positive plaque-like dermal fibroma (PDF) is a poorly characterised benign dermal neoplasm that has a wide differential diagnosis. It can be mistaken for other entities on superficial biopsy and be overtreated, leading to unnecessary worry and extensive surgery. To report on an uncommon presentation of this entity, the histopathologic differential diagnosis of PDF, and a novel treatment method. Clinical and histopathological information was obtained for a PDF lesion on a 75-year-old man. On superficial biopsy, the PDF lesion was misinterpreted as a possible neurothekeoma. Successful Mohs surgery and genetic testing confirmed the diagnosis of PDF, and the patient received appropriate tissue-sparing surgical management. This case adds to our current knowledge about PDF and highlights the importance of early recognition of these lesions to direct appropriate diagnostic testing (full-thickness biopsy) and management. This case confirms successful management with Mohs surgery.

Carrier Modulation Via Waveform Probability Density Function

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, Glenn L.

2006-01-01

Beyond the classic modes of carrier modulation by varying amplitude (AM), phase (PM), or frequency (FM), we extend the modulation domain of an analog carrier signal to include a class of general modulations which are distinguished by their probability density function histogram. Separate waveform states are easily created by varying the pdf of the transmitted waveform. Individual waveform states are assignable as proxies for digital one's or zero's. At the receiver, these states are easily detected by accumulating sampled waveform statistics and performing periodic pattern matching, correlation, or statistical filtering. No fundamental physical laws are broken in the detection process. We show how a typical modulation scheme would work in the digital domain and suggest how to build an analog version. We propose that clever variations of the modulating waveform (and thus the histogram) can provide simple steganographic encoding.

Carrier Modulation Via Waveform Probability Density Function

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, Glenn L.

2004-01-01

Beyond the classic modes of carrier modulation by varying amplitude (AM), phase (PM), or frequency (FM), we extend the modulation domain of an analog carrier signal to include a class of general modulations which are distinguished by their probability density function histogram. Separate waveform states are easily created by varying the pdf of the transmitted waveform. Individual waveform states are assignable as proxies for digital ONEs or ZEROs. At the receiver, these states are easily detected by accumulating sampled waveform statistics and performing periodic pattern matching, correlation, or statistical filtering. No fundamental natural laws are broken in the detection process. We show how a typical modulation scheme would work in the digital domain and suggest how to build an analog version. We propose that clever variations of the modulating waveform (and thus the histogram) can provide simple steganographic encoding.

Fatigue strength reduction model: RANDOM3 and RANDOM4 user manual, appendix 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Boyce, Lola; Lovelace, Thomas B.

1989-01-01

The FORTRAN programs RANDOM3 and RANDOM4 are documented. They are based on fatigue strength reduction, using a probabilistic constitutive model. They predict the random lifetime of an engine component to reach a given fatigue strength. Included in this user manual are details regarding the theoretical backgrounds of RANDOM3 and RANDOM4. Appendix A gives information on the physical quantities, their symbols, FORTRAN names, and both SI and U.S. Customary units. Appendix B and C include photocopies of the actual computer printout corresponding to the sample problems. Appendices D and E detail the IMSL, Version 10(1), subroutines and functions called by RANDOM3 and RANDOM4 and SAS/GRAPH(2) programs that can be used to plot both the probability density functions (p.d.f.) and the cumulative distribution functions (c.d.f.).

GPFA-AB_Phase1GeologicReservoirsContentModel10_26_2015.xls

DOE Data Explorer

Teresa E. Jordan

2015-09-30

This dataset conforms to the Tier 3 Content Model for Geologic Reservoirs Version 1.0. It contains the known hydrocarbon reservoirs within the study area of the GPFA-AB Phase 1 Task 2, Natural Reservoirs Quality Analysis (Project DE-EE0006726). The final values for Reservoir Productivity Index (RPI) and uncertainty (in terms of coefficient of variation, CV) are included. RPI is in units of liters per MegaPascal-second (L/MPa-s), quantified using permeability, thickness of formation, and depth. A higher RPI is more optimal. Coefficient of Variation (CV) is the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean RPI for each reservoir. A lower CV is more optimal. Details on these metrics can be found in the Reservoirs_Methodology_Memo.pdf uploaded to the Geothermal Data Repository Node of the NGDS in October of 2015.

Systems of fuzzy equations in structural mechanics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Skalna, Iwona; Rama Rao, M. V.; Pownuk, Andrzej

2008-08-01

Systems of linear and nonlinear equations with fuzzy parameters are relevant to many practical problems arising in structure mechanics, electrical engineering, finance, economics and physics. In this paper three methods for solving such equations are discussed: method for outer interval solution of systems of linear equations depending linearly on interval parameters, fuzzy finite element method proposed by Rama Rao and sensitivity analysis method. The performance and advantages of presented methods are described with illustrative examples. Extended version of the present paper can be downloaded from the web page of the UTEP [I. Skalna, M.V. Rama Rao, A. Pownuk, Systems of fuzzy equations in structural mechanics, The University of Texas at El Paso, Department of Mathematical Sciences Research Reports Series, , Texas Research Report No. 2007-01, 2007].

Microgravity

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-07-07

The Transient Dentritic Solidification Experiment (TDSE) is being developed as a candidate for flight aboard the International Space Station. TDSE will study the growth of dentrites (treelike crystalline structures) in a transparent material (succinonitrile or SCN) that mimics the behavior of widely used iron-based metals. Basic work by three Space Shuttle flights (STS-62, STS-75, and STS-87) of the Isothermal Dendritic Growth Experiment (IDGE) is yielding new insights into virtually all industrially relevant metal and alloy forming operations. The TDSE is similar to IDGE, but will maintain a constant temperature while varying pressure on the dentrites. Shown here is a cutaway of the isothermal bath containing its growth cell at the heart of the TDSE. The principal investigator is Matthew Koss of College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, MA. Note: an Acrobat PDF version is available from http://microgravity.nasa.gov/gallery