A national survey of pediatric dentists on antibiotic use in children.

PubMed

Sivaraman, Sujatha S; Hassan, Mohamed; Pearson, Julie M

2013-01-01

The purposes of this study were to: (1) examine the antibiotic prescribing practices of pediatric dentists and adherence to professional guidelines; and (2) assess their knowledge of and attitudes toward antibiotic resistance. A cross-sectional survey regarding antibiotic use, resistance, and knowledge of antibiotic stewardship programs was emailed to 4,636 members of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD). 987 surveys (21 percent) were completed; 984 were analyzed. Lack of adherence to AAPD antibiotic guidelines was noted. There was a trend toward overuse of antibiotics for the following conditions: irreversible pulpitis with (32 percent) and without vital pulp (42 percent); localized dentoalveolar abscess with (68 percent) and without draining fistula (39 percent); mitral valve relapse with regurgitation (43 percent); intrusion (15 percent); extrusion (13 percent); and rheumatoid arthritis (12 percent). Determinants of antibiotic use were: facial swelling (88 percent); pain relief (15 percent); unavailable appointment for several weeks (six percent); and parental satisfaction (four percent). Although 98 percent of respondents believed that antibiotic resistance is of growing concern, only 15 percent were aware of antibiotic stewardship programs. AAPD members overprescribe antibiotics. Educational programs to increase knowledge of antibiotic resistance and stewardship programs should be implemented to increase adherence to professional guidelines.

21 CFR 172.841 - Polydextrose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... consists either of approximately 89 percent D-glucose, 10 percent sorbitol, and 1 percent citric acid or of approximately 90 percent D-glucose, 10 percent sorbitol, and 0.1 percent phosphoric acid, on a weight basis. (2...

21 CFR 172.841 - Polydextrose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... consists either of approximately 89 percent D-glucose, 10 percent sorbitol, and 1 percent citric acid or of approximately 90 percent D-glucose, 10 percent sorbitol, and 0.1 percent phosphoric acid, on a weight basis. (2...

21 CFR 172.841 - Polydextrose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... consists either of approximately 89 percent D-glucose, 10 percent sorbitol, and 1 percent citric acid or of approximately 90 percent D-glucose, 10 percent sorbitol, and 0.1 percent phosphoric acid, on a weight basis. (2...

21 CFR 172.841 - Polydextrose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... consists either of approximately 89 percent D-glucose, 10 percent sorbitol, and 1 percent citric acid or of approximately 90 percent D-glucose, 10 percent sorbitol, and 0.1 percent phosphoric acid, on a weight basis. (2...

Estimated use of water in the United States in 2015

USGS Publications Warehouse

Dieter, Cheryl A.; Maupin, Molly A.; Caldwell, Rodney R.; Harris, Melissa A.; Ivahnenko, Tamara I.; Lovelace, John K.; Barber, Nancy L.; Linsey, Kristin S.

2018-06-19

Water use in the United States in 2015 was estimated to be about 322 billion gallons per day (Bgal/d), which was 9 percent less than in 2010. The 2015 estimates put total withdrawals at the lowest level since before 1970, following the same overall trend of decreasing total withdrawals observed from 2005 to 2010. Freshwater withdrawals were 281 Bgal/d, or 87 percent of total withdrawals, and saline-water withdrawals were 41.0 Bgal/d, or 13 percent of total withdrawals. Fresh surface-water withdrawals (198 Bgal/d) were 14 percent less than in 2010, and fresh groundwater withdrawals (82.3 Bgal/day) were about 8 percent greater than in 2010. Saline surface-water withdrawals were 38.6 Bgal/d, or 14 percent less than in 2010. Total saline groundwater withdrawals in 2015 were 2.34 Bgal/d, mostly for mining use.Thermoelectric power and irrigation remained the two largest uses of water in 2015, and total withdrawals decreased for thermoelectric power but increased for irrigation. With­drawals in 2015 for thermoelectric power were 18 percent less and withdrawals for irrigation were 2 percent greater than in 2010. Similarly, other uses showed reductions compared to 2010, specifically public supply (–7 percent), self-supplied domestic (–8 percent), self-supplied industrial (–9 percent), and aquaculture (–16 percent). In addition to irrigation (2 percent), mining (1 percent) reported larger withdrawals in 2015 than in 2010. Livestock withdrawals remained essentially the same in 2015 compared to 2010 (0 percent change). Thermoelectric power, irrigation, and public-supply withdrawals accounted for 90 percent of total withdrawals in 2015.Withdrawals for thermoelectric power were 133 Bgal/d in 2015 and represented the lowest levels since before 1970. Surface-water withdrawals accounted for more than 99 percent of total thermoelectric-power withdrawals, and 72 percent of those surface-water withdrawals were from freshwater sources. Saline surface-water withdrawals for thermoelectric power accounted for 97 percent of total saline surface-water withdrawals for all uses. Thermoelectric-power withdrawals accounted for 41 percent of total withdrawals for all uses, and freshwater withdrawals for thermoelectric power accounted for 34 percent of the total freshwater withdrawals for all uses. Total consumptive use for thermoelectric power was 4.31 Bgal/d in 2015 or 3 percent of the total thermoelectric-power withdrawals.Irrigation withdrawals were 118 Bgal/d in 2015, an increase of 2 percent from 2010 (116 Bgal/d), but were approximately equal to withdrawals estimated in the 1960s. Irrigation withdrawals, all freshwater, accounted for 42 percent of total freshwater withdrawals for all uses and 64 percent of total freshwater withdrawals for all uses excluding thermoelectric power. Surface-water withdrawals (60.9 Bgal/d) accounted for 52 percent of the total irrigation withdrawals, or about 8 percent less than in 2010. Ground­water withdrawals for irrigation were 57.2 Bgal/d in 2015, about 16 percent more than in 2010. About 63,500 thousand acres (or 63.5 million acres) were irrigated in 2015, an increase from 2010 of about 1,130 thousand acres (2 percent). The number of acres irrigated using sprinkler and microirrigation systems accounted for 63 percent of the total irrigated lands in 2015. Total consumptive use for irrigation was 73.2 Bgal/d in 2015 or 62 percent of the total use (withdrawals and reclaimed wastewater).Public-supply withdrawals in 2015 were 39.0 Bgal/d, or 7 percent less than in 2010, continuing the declines observed from 2005 to 2010. Total population in the United States increased from 312.6 million people in 2010 to 325.0 million people in 2015, an increase of 4 percent. Public-supply withdrawals accounted for 14 percent of the total freshwater withdrawals for all uses and 21 percent of freshwater with­drawals for all uses, excluding thermoelectric power. The number of people that received potable water from public-supply facilities in 2015 was 283 million, or about 87 percent of the total United States population. This percentage is 1 percent greater than in 2010. Self-supplied domestic withdrawals were 3.26 Bgal/d, or 8 percent less than in 2010. More than 98 percent of the self-supplied domestic withdrawals were from groundwater sources.Self-supplied industrial withdrawals were 14.8 Bgal/d in 2015, a 9 percent decline from 2010, continuing the downward trend since the peak of 47 Bgal/d in 1970. Total self-supplied industrial withdrawals were 5 percent of total withdrawals for all uses and 8 percent of total withdrawals for all uses, excluding thermoelectric power. Most of the total self-supplied industrial withdrawals were from surface-water sources (82 percent), and nearly all (94 percent) of those surface-water withdrawals were from freshwater sources. Nearly all of the groundwater withdrawals for self-supplied industrial use (98 percent) were from freshwater sources.Total aquaculture withdrawals were 7.55 Bgal/d in 2015, or 16 percent less than in 2010, and surface water was the primary source (79 percent). Most of the surface-water withdrawals occurred at facilities that operated flow-through raceways, which returned the water to the source directly after use. Aquaculture withdrawals accounted for 2 percent of the total withdrawals for all uses and 4 percent of the total withdrawals for all uses, excluding thermoelectric.Total mining withdrawals in 2015 were 4.00 Bgal/d, or about 1 percent of total withdrawals from all uses and 2 percent of total withdrawals from all uses, excluding thermoelectric. Mining withdrawals increased 1 percent from 2010 to 2015. Groundwater withdrawals accounted for 72 percent of the total mining withdrawals, and most of the groundwater was saline (65 percent). Most (77 percent) of the surface-water withdrawals for mining was freshwater.Livestock withdrawals in 2015 were 2.00 Bgal/d, the same as in 2010. All livestock withdrawals were from freshwater sources, mostly from groundwater (62 percent). Livestock withdrawals accounted for about 1 percent of total freshwater withdrawals for all uses, excluding thermoelectric power.In 2015, more than 50 percent of the total withdrawals in the United States were accounted for by 12 States (California, Texas, Idaho, Florida, Arkansas, New York, Illinois, Colorado, North Carolina, Michigan, Montana, and Nebraska). California accounted for almost 9 percent of the total withdrawals and 9 percent of freshwater withdrawals in the United States, predominantly for irrigation. Texas accounted for almost 7 percent of total withdrawals, predominantly for thermoelectric power, irrigation, and public supply. Florida accounted for 23 percent of the total saline-water withdrawals in the United States, mostly from surface-water sources for thermoelectric power. Texas and California accounted for 59 percent of the total saline groundwater withdrawals in the United States, mostly for mining.

Strategic Analysis of the 2014 Wounded Warrior Project Annual Alumni Survey: A Way Forward

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-01-01

77 percent); back, neck, or shoulder problems (73 percent); depression (69 percent); anxiety (65 percent); tinnitus (56 percent); knee injuries or...percent); tinnitus (56 percent); knee injury or problem (52 percent); and migraine or other severe headache (50 percent). We did not weight the...of the Total Number of Respondents TBI 9,049 42.9 43.2 Tinnitus 11,745 55.7 54.5 Other severe physical injury 3,740 17.8 17.8 Other severe mental

Work environment perceptions of full-time dental educators: does gender matter?

PubMed

Nesbitt, Paula E; Inglehart, Marita R; Sinkford, Jeanne C

2003-08-01

This study investigates whether female and male full-time dental faculty members in U.S. dental schools differ in their workplace experiences and perceptions. A questionnaire was mailed to the 2,203 U.S. members of the American Dental Education Association (ADEA) in May 2001, and 870 faculty members responded (response rate: 40 percent). The data of the 738 full-time employed faculty members (female: 257, 34.8 percent; male: 481, 65.1 percent) were analyzed. The results showed that male and female faculty did not differ significantly in the average hours per week worked (men: 46.1 vs. women: 47.1), in the amount of time spent on research (11.67 percent vs. 12.76 percent), and in available grant support (20.1 percent vs. 19.7 percent). Men were more likely than women to have office space (99.2 percent vs. 96.5 percent; p = .0 12), secretarial support (87 percent vs. 75.8 percent; p = .000), protected time for research (37.8 percent vs. 31.6 percent; p = .056), and lab space (23.2 percent vs. 10.6 percent; p = .000). Compared to men, women spent more time on teaching (men: 16.84 percent vs. women: 19 percent; p = .078), and perceived the work environment as less supportive (30 percent vs. 9.3 percent; p = .000). While 73.8 percent of men felt welcome as members of the dental school community, only 50.2 percent of the women felt welcome (p = .000). Male and female respondents differed significantly in the degree of experienced and perceived harassment. We thus concluded that female and male faculty members differ in their experiences and perceptions of the academic climate at U.S. dental schools. These results may be useful when school leaders explore effective recruitment and retention strategies for dental faculty members.

Sociodemographic profile and career decisions of Australian oral health profession students.

PubMed

Mariño, Rodrigo; Au-Yeung, Winnie; Habibi, Elmira; Morgan, Michael

2012-09-01

This study collected and analyzed recent information regarding the sociodemographic profile and career decisions of Australian oral health profession students (earning B.D.Sc. and B.O.H. degrees) and the reasons for their career choice. Data were collected during the 2009-10 academic year via a web-based survey. A total of 829 students participated; the response rates for each oral health course at the seven participating universities ranged from 15.0 percent to 88.7 percent. The respondents had an average age of 21.4 years, ranging from eighteen to fifty-one. The majority of the respondents were female (61.4 percent), single (91.0 percent), and of Asian ethnicity (65.0 percent), and almost half had attended a public secondary school (49.7 percent). Most of the responding students either lived in rented accommodation (44.0 percent) or with their parents (28.6 percent), and 41.5 percent reported having an urban address. Most respondents' fathers (67.2 percent) and mothers (54.8 percent) had completed undergraduate or postgraduate education and were employed in managerial or professional occupations (68.5 percent and 54.9 percent, respectively). Most of the students said they had selected their course in high school (66.8 percent) and were most influenced in their career choice by self-motivation (85.3 percent) and caring for and helping other people (86.6 percent). The majority of the respondents reported wishing to work in a city (51.5 percent), practicing general dentistry (31.8 percent) in either the public or private sector (40.2 percent each). This article provides a preliminary look at the future dental workforce of Australia, identifying issues for further analysis and assisting each university to address current inequalities and challenges.

Performance of a Natural Language Processing (NLP) Tool to Extract Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) Reports from Structured and Semistructured Veteran Affairs (VA) Data.

PubMed

Sauer, Brian C; Jones, Barbara E; Globe, Gary; Leng, Jianwei; Lu, Chao-Chin; He, Tao; Teng, Chia-Chen; Sullivan, Patrick; Zeng, Qing

2016-01-01

Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are objective estimates of lung function, but are not reliably stored within the Veteran Health Affairs data systems as structured data. The aim of this study was to validate the natural language processing (NLP) tool we developed-which extracts spirometric values and responses to bronchodilator administration-against expert review, and to estimate the number of additional spirometric tests identified beyond the structured data. All patients at seven Veteran Affairs Medical Centers with a diagnostic code for asthma Jan 1, 2006-Dec 31, 2012 were included. Evidence of spirometry with a bronchodilator challenge (BDC) was extracted from structured data as well as clinical documents. NLP's performance was compared against a human reference standard using a random sample of 1,001 documents. In the validation set NLP demonstrated a precision of 98.9 percent (95 percent confidence intervals (CI): 93.9 percent, 99.7 percent), recall of 97.8 percent (95 percent CI: 92.2 percent, 99.7 percent), and an F-measure of 98.3 percent for the forced vital capacity pre- and post pairs and precision of 100 percent (95 percent CI: 96.6 percent, 100 percent), recall of 100 percent (95 percent CI: 96.6 percent, 100 percent), and an F-measure of 100 percent for the forced expiratory volume in one second pre- and post pairs for bronchodilator administration. Application of the NLP increased the proportion identified with complete bronchodilator challenge by 25 percent. This technology can improve identification of PFTs for epidemiologic research. Caution must be taken in assuming that a single domain of clinical data can completely capture the scope of a disease, treatment, or clinical test.

Performance of a Natural Language Processing (NLP) Tool to Extract Pulmonary Function Test (PFT) Reports from Structured and Semistructured Veteran Affairs (VA) Data

PubMed Central

Sauer, Brian C.; Jones, Barbara E.; Globe, Gary; Leng, Jianwei; Lu, Chao-Chin; He, Tao; Teng, Chia-Chen; Sullivan, Patrick; Zeng, Qing

2016-01-01

Introduction/Objective: Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are objective estimates of lung function, but are not reliably stored within the Veteran Health Affairs data systems as structured data. The aim of this study was to validate the natural language processing (NLP) tool we developed—which extracts spirometric values and responses to bronchodilator administration—against expert review, and to estimate the number of additional spirometric tests identified beyond the structured data. Methods: All patients at seven Veteran Affairs Medical Centers with a diagnostic code for asthma Jan 1, 2006–Dec 31, 2012 were included. Evidence of spirometry with a bronchodilator challenge (BDC) was extracted from structured data as well as clinical documents. NLP’s performance was compared against a human reference standard using a random sample of 1,001 documents. Results: In the validation set NLP demonstrated a precision of 98.9 percent (95 percent confidence intervals (CI): 93.9 percent, 99.7 percent), recall of 97.8 percent (95 percent CI: 92.2 percent, 99.7 percent), and an F-measure of 98.3 percent for the forced vital capacity pre- and post pairs and precision of 100 percent (95 percent CI: 96.6 percent, 100 percent), recall of 100 percent (95 percent CI: 96.6 percent, 100 percent), and an F-measure of 100 percent for the forced expiratory volume in one second pre- and post pairs for bronchodilator administration. Application of the NLP increased the proportion identified with complete bronchodilator challenge by 25 percent. Discussion/Conclusion: This technology can improve identification of PFTs for epidemiologic research. Caution must be taken in assuming that a single domain of clinical data can completely capture the scope of a disease, treatment, or clinical test. PMID:27376095

Water withdrawals in Florida, 2012

USGS Publications Warehouse

Marella, Richard L.

2015-09-01

The largest percentage of freshwater withdrawals was from the South Florida Water Management District (46 percent), followed by the St. Johns River Water Management District (20 percent), Southwest Florida Water Management District (19 percent), Northwest Florida Water Management District (9 percent), and Suwannee River Water Management District (6 percent). The South Florida Water Management District accounted for the largest percentage of freshwater withdrawals for public-supply use (46 percent), commercial-industrial-mining self-supplied use (24 percent), agricultural self-supplied use (59 percent), and recreational-landscape irrigation use (63 percent). The Northwest Florida Water Management District accounted for the largest percentage of freshwater withdrawals for power-generation use (44 percent), and the Southwest Florida Water Management District accounted for the largest percentage of saline-water withdrawals for power-generation use (58 percent).

21 CFR 573.310 - Crambe meal, heat toasted.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...; oil, not more than 4 percent; crude protein, not less than 24 percent; crude fiber, not more than 26 percent; glucosinolate calculated as epi-progoitrin, not more than 4 percent; goitrin, not more than 0.1 percent; nitrile calculated as 1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene, not more than 1.4 percent. At least 50 percent...

21 CFR 573.310 - Crambe meal, heat toasted.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...; oil, not more than 4 percent; crude protein, not less than 24 percent; crude fiber, not more than 26 percent; glucosinolate calculated as epi-progoitrin, not more than 4 percent; goitrin, not more than 0.1 percent; nitrile calculated as 1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene, not more than 1.4 percent. At least 50 percent...

21 CFR 573.310 - Crambe meal, heat toasted.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...; oil, not more than 4 percent; crude protein, not less than 24 percent; crude fiber, not more than 26 percent; glucosinolate calculated as epi-progoitrin, not more than 4 percent; goitrin, not more than 0.1 percent; nitrile calculated as 1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene, not more than 1.4 percent. At least 50 percent...

21 CFR 573.310 - Crambe meal, heat toasted.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...; oil, not more than 4 percent; crude protein, not less than 24 percent; crude fiber, not more than 26 percent; glucosinolate calculated as epi-progoitrin, not more than 4 percent; goitrin, not more than 0.1 percent; nitrile calculated as 1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene, not more than 1.4 percent. At least 50 percent...

21 CFR 573.310 - Crambe meal, heat toasted.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...; oil, not more than 4 percent; crude protein, not less than 24 percent; crude fiber, not more than 26 percent; glucosinolate calculated as epi-progoitrin, not more than 4 percent; goitrin, not more than 0.1 percent; nitrile calculated as 1-cyano-2-hydroxy-3-butene, not more than 1.4 percent. At least 50 percent...

21 CFR 352.10 - Sunscreen active ingredients.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... methoxycinnamate up to 7.5 percent. (k) Octyl salicylate up to 5 percent. (l) Oxybenzone up to 6 percent. (m.... (l) Octocrylene up to 10 percent. (m) Oxybenzone up to 6 percent. (n) Padimate O up to 8 percent. ...

21 CFR 352.10 - Sunscreen active ingredients.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... methoxycinnamate up to 7.5 percent. (k) Octyl salicylate up to 5 percent. (l) Oxybenzone up to 6 percent. (m.... (l) Octocrylene up to 10 percent. (m) Oxybenzone up to 6 percent. (n) Padimate O up to 8 percent. ...

21 CFR 352.10 - Sunscreen active ingredients.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... methoxycinnamate up to 7.5 percent. (k) Octyl salicylate up to 5 percent. (l) Oxybenzone up to 6 percent. (m.... (l) Octocrylene up to 10 percent. (m) Oxybenzone up to 6 percent. (n) Padimate O up to 8 percent. ...

21 CFR 352.10 - Sunscreen active ingredients.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... methoxycinnamate up to 7.5 percent. (k) Octyl salicylate up to 5 percent. (l) Oxybenzone up to 6 percent. (m.... (l) Octocrylene up to 10 percent. (m) Oxybenzone up to 6 percent. (n) Padimate O up to 8 percent. ...

21 CFR 352.10 - Sunscreen active ingredients.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... methoxycinnamate up to 7.5 percent. (k) Octyl salicylate up to 5 percent. (l) Oxybenzone up to 6 percent. (m.... (l) Octocrylene up to 10 percent. (m) Oxybenzone up to 6 percent. (n) Padimate O up to 8 percent. ...

Bauxite and alumina

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bray, E.L.

2012-01-01

The United States is import-reliant for nearly all of the bauxite that it consumes. Small amounts of bauxite and bauxitic clays are produced in Alabama, Arkansas and Georgia for nonmetallurgical uses. Metallurgical-grade bauxite (crude dry) imports in 2011 totaled 9.54 Mt (10.5 million st), 18 percent more than the quantity imported in 2010. Jamaica (54 percent). Guinea (25 percent) and Brazil (18 percent) were the leading suppliers to the United States in 2011. In 2011,117 kt (129,000 st) of refractory-grade calcined bauxite was imported, a 69-percent decrease compared with imports in 2010. This decrease was partly attributed to an increase in net imports of refractory products such as bricks and crucibles, which were 39 percent higher than in the prior year. Imports of refractory-grade calcined bauxite from Brazil declined by 99 percent and by 75 percent from Greece. Restrictions on exports of raw materials from China also might have contributed a small amount to the decrease in imports. Imports from China declined by 45 percent. Guyana (42 percent), China (35 percent) and Greece (22 percent) were the leading sources of U.S. refractory-grade calcined bauxite imports. Imports of nonrefractory-grade calcined bauxite in 2011 totaled 236 kt (260,000 st), 23 percent less than the quantity imported in 2010. Guyana (51 percent), Australia (37 percent) and China (7 percent) were the leading sources

Feeding the pipeline: academic skills training for predental students.

PubMed

Markel, Geraldine; Woolfolk, Marilyn; Inglehart, Marita Rohr

2008-06-01

This article reports the outcomes of an evaluation conducted to determine if an academic skills training program for undergraduate predental students from underrepresented minority backgrounds increased the students' standardized academic skills test scores for vocabulary, reading comprehension, reading rates, spelling, and math as well as subject-specific test results in biology, chemistry, and physics. Data from standardized academic skill tests and subject-specific tests were collected at the beginning and end of the 1998 to 2006 Pipeline Programs, six-week summer enrichment programs for undergraduate predental students from disadvantaged backgrounds. In total, 179 students (75.4 percent African American, 7.3 percent Hispanic, 5.6 percent Asian American, 5 percent white) attended the programs during these nine summers. Scores on the Nelson-Denny Reading Test showed that the students improved their vocabulary scores (percentile ranks before/after: 46.80 percent/59.56 percent; p<.001), reading comprehension scores (47.21 percent/62.67 percent; p<.001), and reading rates (34.01 percent/78.31 percent; p<.001) from the beginning to the end of the summer programs. Results on the Wide Range Achievement Test III showed increases in spelling (73.58 percent/86.22 percent; p<.001) and math scores (56.98 percent/81.28 percent; p<.001). The students also improved their subject-specific scores in biology (39.07 percent/63.42 percent; p<.001), chemistry (20.54 percent/51.01 percent; p<.001), and physics (35.12 percent/61.14 percent; p<.001). To increase the number of underrepresented minority students in the dental school admissions pool, efforts are needed to prepare students from disadvantaged backgrounds for this process. These data demonstrate that a six-week enrichment program significantly improved the academic skills and basic science knowledge scores of undergraduate predental students. These improvements have the potential to enhance the performance of these students in college courses and thus increase their level of competitiveness in the dental school admissions process.

A ten-year study of penetrating injuries of the colon.

PubMed

Adesanya, Adedoyin A; Ekanem, Ekanem E

2004-12-01

Colon injury has been associated with a high risk of septic complications and mortality. We prospectively studied the pattern, management, outcome, and prognostic factors in patients who sustained penetrating colon injuries. Sixty patients who presented to our hospital with penetrating colon injuries over a ten-year period (1992 to 2001) were studied. Colon wounds were caused by gunshots in 55 (91.7 percent) patients and knife stabs in 5 (8.3 percent). There was a delay of more than 12 hours before laparotomy in 30 (50 percent) patients. Moderate or major fecal contamination of the peritoneal cavity occurred in 58 (96.7 percent) patients. The average penetrating abdominal trauma index score was 25.9 and 20 (33.3 percent) patients sustained Flint Grade 3 colon injury. Associated intra-abdominal injuries occurred in the small bowel (73.3 percent), liver (25 percent), stomach (23.3 percent), and mesentery (16.7 percent). Right colon wounds (35) were managed by primary repair in 24 (68.6 percent) patients and proximal diverting colostomy in 11 (31.4 percent), whereas left colon wounds (25) were managed by diverting colostomy in 22 (88.0 percent) patients and primary repair in 3 (12.0 percent) patients. Common complications included wound infection (56.7 percent), septicemia (31.7 percent), and enterocutaneous fistula (16.7 percent). The overall mortality rate was 33.3 percent and colon injury-related mortality was 21.7 percent. Presence of destructive colon injury was associated with a greater than fourfold increased incidence of death. Other significant risk factors included shock on admission, major fecal contamination, duration of operation more than four hours, penetrating abdominal trauma index score >25, and more than two postoperative complications. There was no difference in outcome between patients who had primary repair and those undergoing diverting colostomy. Colostomy closure-related morbidity was 21 percent and mortality was 5.3 percent. A more liberal use of primary repair is required in our patients with penetrating injuries of the colon.

Ground-Water Quality of the Northern High Plains Aquifer, 1997, 2002-04

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stanton, Jennifer S.; Qi, Sharon L.

2007-01-01

An assessment of ground-water quality in the northern High Plains aquifer was completed during 1997 and 2002-04. Ground-water samples were collected at 192 low-capacity, primarily domestic wells in four major hydrogeologic units of the northern High Plains aquifer-Ogallala Formation, Eastern Nebraska, Sand Hills, and Platte River Valley. Each well was sampled once, and water samples were analyzed for physical properties and concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, pesticides and pesticide degradates, dissolved solids, major ions, trace elements, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), radon, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Tritium and microbiology were analyzed at selected sites. The results of this assessment were used to determine the current water-quality conditions in this subregion of the High Plains aquifer and to relate ground-water quality to natural and human factors affecting water quality. Water-quality analyses indicated that water samples rarely exceeded established U.S. Environmental Protection Agency public drinking-water standards for those constituents sampled; 13 of the constituents measured or analyzed exceeded their respective standards in at least one sample. The constituents that most often failed to meet drinking-water standards were dissolved solids (13 percent of samples exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Secondary Drinking-Water Regulation) and arsenic (8 percent of samples exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Maximum Contaminant Level). Nitrate, uranium, iron, and manganese concentrations were larger than drinking-water standards in 6 percent of the samples. Ground-water chemistry varied among hydrogeologic units. Wells sampled in the Platte River Valley and Eastern Nebraska units exceeded water-quality standards more often than the Ogallala Formation and Sand Hills units. Thirty-one percent of the samples collected in the Platte River Valley unit had nitrate concentrations greater than the standard, 22 percent exceeded the manganese standard, 19 percent exceeded the sulfate standard, 26 percent exceeded the uranium standard, and 38 percent exceeded the dissolved-solids standard. In addition, 78 percent of samples had at least one detectable pesticide and 22 percent of samples had at least one detectable VOC. In the Eastern Nebraska unit, 30 percent of the samples collected had dissolved-solids concentrations larger than the standard, 23 percent exceeded the iron standard, 13 percent exceeded the manganese standard, 10 percent exceeded the arsenic standard, 7 percent exceeded the sulfate standard, 7 percent exceeded the uranium standard, and 7 percent exceeded the selenium standard. No samples exceeded the nitrate standard. Thirty percent of samples had at least one detectable pesticide compound and 10 percent of samples had at least one detectable VOC. In contrast, the Sand Hills and Ogallala Formation units had fewer detections of anthropogenic compounds and drinking-water exceedances. In the Sand Hills unit, 15 percent of the samples exceeded the arsenic standard, 4 percent exceeded the nitrate standard, 4 percent exceeded the uranium standard, 4 percent exceeded the iron standard, and 4 percent exceeded the dissolved-solids standard. Fifteen percent of samples had at least one pesticide compound detected and 4 percent had at least one VOC detected. In the Ogallala Formation unit, 6 percent of water samples exceeded the arsenic standard, 4 percent exceeded the dissolved-solids standard, 3 percent exceeded the nitrate standard, 2 percent exceeded the manganese standard, 1 percent exceeded the iron standard, 1 percent exceeded the sulfate standard, and 1 percent exceeded the uranium standard. Eight percent of samples collected in the Ogallala Formation unit had at least one pesticide detected and 6 percent had at least one VOC detected. Differences in ground-water chemistry among the hydrogeologic units were attributed to variable depth to water, depth of the well screen below the water table, reduction-oxidation conditions, ground-water residence time, interactions with surface water, composition of aquifer sediments, extent of cropland, extent of irrigated land, and fertilizer application rates.

An evaluation of 10 percent and 20 percent benzocaine gels in patients with acute toothaches: efficacy, tolerability and compliance with label dose administration directions.

PubMed

Hersh, Elliot V; Ciancio, Sebastian G; Kuperstein, Arthur S; Stoopler, Eric T; Moore, Paul A; Boynes, Sean G; Levine, Steven C; Casamassimo, Paul; Leyva, Rina; Mathew, Tanya; Shibly, Othman; Creighton, Paul; Jeffers, Gary E; Corby, Patricia M A; Turetzky, Stanley N; Papas, Athena; Wallen, Jillian; Idzik-Starr, Cynthia; Gordon, Sharon M

2013-05-01

The authors evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of 10 percent and 20 percent benzocaine gels compared with those of a vehicle (placebo) gel for the temporary relief of toothache pain. They also assessed the compliance with the label dose administration directions on the part of participants with toothache pain. Under double-masked conditions, 576 participants self-applied study gel to an open tooth cavity and surrounding oral tissues. Participants evaluated their pain intensity and pain relief for 120 minutes. The authors determined the amount of gel the participants applied. The responders' rates (the primary efficacy parameter), defined as the percentage of participants who had an improvement in pain intensity as exhibited by a pain score reduction of at least one unit on the dental pain scale from baseline for two consecutive assessments any time between the five- and 20-minute points, were 87.3 percent, 80.7 percent and 70.4 percent, respectively, for 20 percent benzocaine gel, 10 percent benzocaine gel and vehicle gel. Both benzocaine gels were significantly (P ≤ .05) better than vehicle gel; the 20 percent benzocaine gel also was significantly (P ≤ .05) better than the 10 percent benzocaine gel. The mean amount of gel applied was 235.6 milligrams, with 88.2 percent of participants applying 400 mg or less. Both 10 percent and 20 percent benzocaine gels were more efficacious than the vehicle gel, and the 20 percent benzocaine gel was more efficacious than the 10 percent benzocaine gel. All treatments were well tolerated by participants. Practical Implications. Patients can use 10 percent and 20 percent benzocaine gels to temporarily treat toothache pain safely.

An evaluation of 10 percent and 20 percent benzocaine gels in patients with acute toothaches

PubMed Central

Hersh, Elliot V.; Ciancio, Sebastian G.; Kuperstein, Arthur S.; Stoopler, Eric T.; Moore, Paul A.; Boynes, Sean G.; Levine, Steven C.; Casamassimo, Paul; Leyva, Rina; Mathew, Tanya; Shibly, Othman; Creighton, Paul; Jeffers, Gary E.; Corby, Patricia M.A.; Turetzky, Stanley N.; Papas, Athena; Wallen, Jillian; Idzik-Starr, Cynthia; Gordon, Sharon M.

2013-01-01

Background The authors evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of 10 percent and 20 percent benzocaine gels compared with those of a vehicle (placebo) gel for the temporary relief of toothache pain. They also assessed the compliance with the label dose administration directions on the part of participants with toothache pain. Methods Under double-masked conditions, 576 participants self-applied study gel to an open tooth cavity and surrounding oral tissues. Participants evaluated their pain intensity and pain relief for 120 minutes. The authors determined the amount of gel the participants applied. Results The responders’ rates (the primary efficacy parameter), defined as the percentage of participants who had an improvement in pain intensity as exhibited by a pain score reduction of at least one unit on the dental pain scale from baseline for two consecutive assessments any time between the five- and 20-minute points, were 87.3 percent, 80.7 percent and 70.4 percent, respectively, for 20 percent benzocaine gel, 10 percent benzocaine gel and vehicle gel. Both benzocaine gels were significantly (P ≤ .05) better than vehicle gel; the 20 percent benzocaine gel also was significantly (P ≤ .05) better than the 10 percent benzocaine gel. The mean amount of gel applied was 235.6 milligrams, with 88.2 percent of participants applying 400 mg or less. Conclusions Both 10 percent and 20 percent benzocaine gels were more efficacious than the vehicle gel, and the 20 percent benzocaine gel was more efficacious than the 10 percent benzocaine gel. All treatments were well tolerated by participants. Practical Implications Patients can use 10 percent and 20 percent benzocaine gels to temporarily treat toothache pain safely. PMID:23633700

Clinical implications of chromosomal abnormalities in gastric adenocarcinomas

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wu, Chew-Wun; Chen, Gen-Der; Fann, Cathy S.-J.

2003-06-23

Gastric carcinoma (GC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and has a very poor prognosis. Genetic imbalances in 62 primary gastric adenocarcinomas of various histopathologic types and pathologic stages and six gastric cancer-derived cell lines were analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization, and the relationship of genomic abnormalities to clinical features in primary GC was evaluated at a genome-wide level. Eighty-four percent of the tumors and all six cell lines showed DNA copy number changes. The recurrent chromosomal abnormalities including gains at 15 regions and losses at 8 regions were identified. Statistical analyses revealed that gains at 17q24-qter (53more » percent), 20q13-qter (48 percent), 1p32-p36 (42 percent), 22q12-qter (27 percent), 17p13-pter (24 percent), 16p13-pter (21 percent), 6p21-pter (19 percent), 20p12-pter (19 percent), 7p21-pter (18 percent), 3q28-qter (8 percent), and 13q13-q14 (8 percent), and losses at 18q12-qter (11 percent), 3p12 (8 percent), 3p25-pter (8 percent), 5q14-q23 (8 percent), and 9p21-p23 (5 percent), are associated with unique patient or tumor-related features. GCs of differing histopathologic features were shown to be associated with distinct patterns of genetic alterations, supporting the notion that they evolve through distinct genetic pathways. Metastatic tumors were also associated with specific genetic changes. These regions may harbor candidate genes involved in the pathogenesis of this malignancy.« less

76 FR 49726 - Continuation of Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Orders: Stainless Steel Sheet and Strip in...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-11

... between 0.20 and 0.80 percent manganese. This steel also contains, by weight, phosphorus of 0.025 percent... percent, phosphorus of no more than 0.045 percent, sulfur of no more than 0.03 percent, lanthanum of less....05 percent or less, with phosphorus and sulfur each comprising, by weight, 0.03 percent or less. This...

75 FR 76700 - Stainless Steel Sheet and Strip in Coils From Taiwan: Final Results of Antidumping Duty...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-09

... percent manganese. This steel also contains, by weight, phosphorus of 0.025 percent or less, silicon of... percent, phosphorus of no more than 0.045 percent, sulfur of no more than 0.03 percent, lanthanum of less....05 percent or less, with phosphorus and sulfur each comprising, by weight, 0.03 percent or less. This...

75 FR 67685 - Notice of Initiation and Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty Changed Circumstances Review...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-03

... bismuth, 0.08 percent or more of sulfur, more than 0.04 percent of phosphorus, more than 0.05 percent of... percent or less, in the aggregate, of phosphorus and sulfur, (4) 0.006 percent or less of nitrogen, and (5... soluble aluminum, (3) 0.040 percent or less, in the aggregate, of phosphorus and sulfur, (4) 0.008 percent...

Comparison of base flows to selected streamflow statistics representative of 1930-2002 in West Virginia

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wiley, Jeffrey B.

2012-01-01

Base flows were compared with published streamflow statistics to assess climate variability and to determine the published statistics that can be substituted for annual and seasonal base flows of unregulated streams in West Virginia. The comparison study was done by the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water and Waste Management. The seasons were defined as winter (January 1-March 31), spring (April 1-June 30), summer (July 1-September 30), and fall (October 1-December 31). Differences in mean annual base flows for five record sub-periods (1930-42, 1943-62, 1963-69, 1970-79, and 1980-2002) range from -14.9 to 14.6 percent when compared to the values for the period 1930-2002. Differences between mean seasonal base flows and values for the period 1930-2002 are less variable for winter and spring, -11.2 to 11.0 percent, than for summer and fall, -47.0 to 43.6 percent. Mean summer base flows (July-September) and mean monthly base flows for July, August, September, and October are approximately equal, within 7.4 percentage points of mean annual base flow. The mean of each of annual, spring, summer, fall, and winter base flows are approximately equal to the annual 50-percent (standard error of 10.3 percent), 45-percent (error of 14.6 percent), 75-percent (error of 11.8 percent), 55-percent (error of 11.2 percent), and 35-percent duration flows (error of 11.1 percent), respectively. The mean seasonal base flows for spring, summer, fall, and winter are approximately equal to the spring 50- to 55-percent (standard error of 6.8 percent), summer 45- to 50-percent (error of 6.7 percent), fall 45-percent (error of 15.2 percent), and winter 60-percent duration flows (error of 8.5 percent), respectively. Annual and seasonal base flows representative of the period 1930-2002 at unregulated streamflow-gaging stations and ungaged locations in West Virginia can be estimated using previously published values of statistics and procedures.

Methods for assessing patient-clinician communication about depression in primary care: what you see depends on how you look.

PubMed

Henry, Stephen G; Feng, Bo; Franks, Peter; Bell, Robert A; Tancredi, Daniel J; Gottfeld, Dustin; Kravitz, Richard L

2014-10-01

To advance research on depression communication and treatment by comparing assessments of communication about depression from patient report, clinician report, and chart review to assessments from transcripts. One hundred sixty-four primary care visits from seven health care systems (2010-2011). Presence or absence of discussion about depressive symptoms, treatment recommendations, and follow-up was measured using patient and clinician postvisit questionnaires, chart review, and coding of audio transcripts. Sensitivity and specificity of indirect measures compared to transcripts were calculated. Patient report was sensitive for mood (83 percent) and sleep (83 percent) but not suicide (55 percent). Patient report was specific for suicide (86 percent) but not for other symptoms (44-75 percent). Clinician report was sensitive for all symptoms (83-98 percent) and specific for sleep, memory, and suicide (80-87 percent), but not for other symptoms (45-48 percent). Chart review was not sensitive for symptoms (50-73 percent), but it was specific for sleep, memory, and suicide (88-96 percent). All indirect measures had low sensitivity for treatment recommendations (patient report: 24-42 percent, clinician report 38-50 percent, chart review 49-67 percent) but high specificity (89-96 percent). For definite follow-up plans, all three indirect measures were sensitive (82-96 percent) but not specific (40-57 percent). Clinician report and chart review generally had the most favorable sensitivity and specificity for measuring discussion of depressive symptoms and treatment recommendations, respectively. © Health Research and Educational Trust.

Audit of Psychoactive Drug Prescriptions in Group Homes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gowdey, Charles W.; And Others

1987-01-01

The survey found that of the 1,389 mentally retarded persons living in community supervised residential settings in Southwestern Ontario, 49 percent received some type of psychoactive drug. Specifically, 23 percent received anticonvulsants; 14 percent, neuroleptics; 5 percent, sedative/hypnotics; 3 percent, antidepressants; 3 percent,…

7 CFR 810.206 - Grades and grade requirements for barley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... weight per bushel (pounds) Sound barley (percent) Maximum Limits of— Damaged kernels 1 (percent) Heat damaged kernels (percent) Foreign material (percent) Broken kernels (percent) Thin barley (percent) U.S... or otherwise of distinctly low quality. 1 Includes heat-damaged kernels. Injured-by-frost kernels and...

Thermoplastic rubber comprising ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, asphalt and fluxing oil

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hendel, F. J. (Inventor)

1970-01-01

A thermoplastic rubber is made from a mixture of between about 10 percent and about 50 percent of asphalt, between about 5 percent and about 30 percent fluxing oil, and between about 35 percent and about 70 percent of a copolymer of polyethylene and vinyl acetate.

21 CFR 184.1296 - Ferric ammonium citrate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... citrate (iron (III) ammonium citrate) is prepared by the reaction of ferric hydroxide with citric acid... 18.5 percent iron, approximately 9 percent ammonia, and 65 percent citric acid and occurs as reddish... composed of 14.5 to 16 percent iron, approximately 7.5 percent ammonia, and 75 percent citric acid and...

21 CFR 184.1296 - Ferric ammonium citrate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... citrate (iron (III) ammonium citrate) is prepared by the reaction of ferric hydroxide with citric acid... 18.5 percent iron, approximately 9 percent ammonia, and 65 percent citric acid and occurs as reddish... composed of 14.5 to 16 percent iron, approximately 7.5 percent ammonia, and 75 percent citric acid and...

21 CFR 184.1296 - Ferric ammonium citrate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... citrate (iron (III) ammonium citrate) is prepared by the reaction of ferric hydroxide with citric acid... 18.5 percent iron, approximately 9 percent ammonia, and 65 percent citric acid and occurs as reddish... composed of 14.5 to 16 percent iron, approximately 7.5 percent ammonia, and 75 percent citric acid and...

21 CFR 184.1296 - Ferric ammonium citrate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... citrate (iron (III) ammonium citrate) is prepared by the reaction of ferric hydroxide with citric acid... 18.5 percent iron, approximately 9 percent ammonia, and 65 percent citric acid and occurs as reddish... composed of 14.5 to 16 percent iron, approximately 7.5 percent ammonia, and 75 percent citric acid and...

21 CFR 177.1210 - Closures with sealing gaskets for food containers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... cetyl sulfate 1 percent. Sodium decylbenzenesulfonate Do. Sodium decyl sulfate Do. Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate 0.05 percent. Sodium lauryl sulfate 1 percent. Sodium lignin sulfonate 0.2 percent. Sodium myristyl sulfate (sodium tetradecyl sulfate) 0.6 percent. Sodium nitrite 0.2 percent; for use only in...

76 FR 67407 - Carbon and Certain Alloy Steel Wire Rod From Mexico: Notice of Preliminary Results of Antidumping...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-01

... percent of phosphorus, more than 0.05 percent of selenium, or more than 0.01 percent of tellurium). Also....01 percent of aluminum, (3) 0.040 percent or less, in the aggregate, of phosphorus and sulfur, (4) 0... phosphorus and sulfur, (4) 0.008 percent or less of nitrogen, and (5) either not more than 0.15 percent, in...

A multidisciplinary protocol for planned skin-preserving delayed breast reconstruction for patients with locally advanced breast cancer requiring postmastectomy radiation therapy: 3-year follow-up.

PubMed

Kronowitz, Steven J; Lam, Candace; Terefe, Welela; Hunt, Kelly K; Kuerer, Henry M; Valero, Vicente; Lance, Samuel; Robb, Geoffrey L; Feng, Lei; Buchholz, Thomas A

2011-06-01

The authors examined the safety of a protocol for planned skin-preserving delayed breast reconstruction after postmastectomy radiotherapy with placement of a tissue expander for patients with locally advanced breast cancer (stages IIB and III). The authors compared 47 patients treated according to the protocol between December 2003 and May 2008 with 47 disease-stage-matched control patients who underwent standard delayed reconstruction after postmastectomy radiotherapy (no skin preservation or tissue expander) during the same period. Protocol-group complication rates were 21 percent for skin-preserving mastectomy and placement of the expander (stage 1), 5 percent for postmastectomy radiotherapy, 25 percent for expander reinflation after radiotherapy, and 24 percent for skin-preserving delayed reconstruction. The complication rate for standard delayed reconstruction was 38 percent. Tissue-expander loss rates were 32 percent overall, 9 percent for stage 1, 5 percent for postmastectomy radiotherapy, and 22 percent for reinflation. Wound-healing complications after reconstruction occurred in 3 percent of protocol-group and 10 percent of control-group patients. The median follow-up time for patients still alive at last follow-up was 40 months (range, 8.5 to 85.3 months). Three-year recurrence-free survival rates were 92 percent (95 percent CI, 83 to 100 percent) and 86 percent (95 percent CI, 76 to 98 percent) for the protocol and control groups, respectively (p = 0.87). In patients with locally advanced breast cancer, skin-preserving mastectomy with a deflated tissue expander on the chest wall during postmastectomy radiotherapy does not increase locoregional recurrence risk and is associated with lower complication rates of definitive reconstruction.

Health technology assessment agencies: an international overview of organizational aspects.

PubMed

Martelli, Francesco; La Torre, Giuseppe; Di Ghionno, Elena; Staniscia, Tommaso; Neroni, Massimo; Cicchetti, Americo; Von Bremen, Konrade; Ricciardi, Walter

2007-01-01

The aim of the study is to make an international comparison of Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Agencies, to show their similarities and differences. An e-mail questionnaire was sent to thirty HTA agencies internationally. Questions related to the structure of the agency, the relationship with health-related institutions, the prescriptiveness of the decisions taken, the main core and the modalities to spread the assessment, and the type of funding. Twenty-four HTA Agencies answered the questionnaire: 25 percent in America, 4.2 percent in Australia, and 70.8 percent in Europe. Fifty-four percent of HTA Agencies are governmental institutions (83.3 percent have central government funding), while 62.5 percent have relationships with health-related governmental institutions. Of the agencies, 87 percent reported that their decisions are not prescriptive, while for 20.8 percent and 8.3 percent of them stated that this was the case totally or partially, respectively, especially for the governmental and American Agencies. Seventeen agencies (70.8 percent) declared their work on multiannual programs (77 percent of the governmental HTA Agencies and 100 percent of the American ones). The assessments mainly addressed diagnostic procedures (85.7 percent) and pharmaceuticals (25 percent). The most common way to disseminate results is by means of paper report (91.7 percent), followed by the Internet (16.7 percent), and seminars to expert audiences (12.5 percent). The comparative analysis of HTA Agencies showed that governmental and American Agencies have a profound impact on the prescriptiveness of their assessment, and this could be linked to the fact that these types of Agencies work on multiannual programs. European and American HTA Agencies have many similarities in terms of type of assessment, funding, and dissemination of results.

21 CFR 172.841 - Polydextrose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...-glucose, 10 percent sorbitol, and 1 percent citric acid or of approximately 90 percent D-glucose, 10 percent sorbitol, and 0.1 percent phosphoric acid, on a weight basis. (2) Polydextrose may be partially...

7 CFR 1421.107 - Warehouse receipts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...) Mustard Seed: 10.0 percent; (4) Rapeseed: 10.0 percent; (5) Safflower Seed: 10.0 percent; (6) Sunflower Seed: 10.0 percent; (7) Crambe: 10.0 percent; and (8) Sesame Seed: 10.0 percent. (i)(1) If, under..., such certificate must state that no lien for processing will be asserted by the warehouse operator...

7 CFR 1421.107 - Warehouse receipts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...) Mustard Seed: 10.0 percent; (4) Rapeseed: 10.0 percent; (5) Safflower Seed: 10.0 percent; (6) Sunflower Seed: 10.0 percent; (7) Crambe: 10.0 percent; and (8) Sesame Seed: 10.0 percent. (i)(1) If, under..., such certificate must state that no lien for processing will be asserted by the warehouse operator...

7 CFR 1421.107 - Warehouse receipts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...) Mustard Seed: 10.0 percent; (4) Rapeseed: 10.0 percent; (5) Safflower Seed: 10.0 percent; (6) Sunflower Seed: 10.0 percent; (7) Crambe: 10.0 percent; and (8) Sesame Seed: 10.0 percent. (i)(1) If, under..., such certificate must state that no lien for processing will be asserted by the warehouse operator...

7 CFR 1421.107 - Warehouse receipts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...) Mustard Seed: 10.0 percent; (4) Rapeseed: 10.0 percent; (5) Safflower Seed: 10.0 percent; (6) Sunflower Seed: 10.0 percent; (7) Crambe: 10.0 percent; and (8) Sesame Seed: 10.0 percent. (i)(1) If, under..., such certificate must state that no lien for processing will be asserted by the warehouse operator...

7 CFR 1421.107 - Warehouse receipts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) Mustard Seed: 10.0 percent; (4) Rapeseed: 10.0 percent; (5) Safflower Seed: 10.0 percent; (6) Sunflower Seed: 10.0 percent; (7) Crambe: 10.0 percent; and (8) Sesame Seed: 10.0 percent. (i)(1) If, under..., such certificate must state that no lien for processing will be asserted by the warehouse operator...

Material tradeoffs to minimize flooding reactivity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Protsik, R.; Cowan, C. L.; Kangilaski, M.; Vaidyanathan, S.

1987-01-01

In the GE 100 KWe SP-100 design, the array of fuel pins in the core was surrounded by a thin neutron barrier made of a mixture of Nb-1 percent Zr and 20 percent B4C. The purpose of this barrier was to prevent the return to the reactor of thermalized neutrons in the event of a reactor flooding accident. Neutronically, the barrier produced a reduction in k sub eff of 15 percent. However, a mixture of Nb-1 percent Zr and B4C is a development item and may not be possible to produce. Several alternatives to this design were investigated. These include the use of W-26 percent Re for the fuel barrier and the introduction of fuel pin ducts made of Ta-8 percent W-2 percent Hf, Hf-10 percent Nb or pure Re. The use of W-26 percent Re for the fuel barrier material in place of W, and the use of T111, Hf-10 percent Nb, or Re duct material in place of Nb-1 percent Zr or Nb-1 percent Zr-20 percent B4C were found to substantially decrease k sub eff in the flooding situation. The best choice neutronically for duct material is Hf-10 percent Nb, because of its small impact on the k sub eff of the normal core.

Closing the Engineering Gender Gap: Viewers like You

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sullivan, Brigid

2007-01-01

A study published in the "Journal of Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering" found that girls are completing high school science and math courses at the same rate as boys: 94 percent of girls took biology (compared with 91 percent of boys), 64 percent took chemistry (57 percent for boys) and 26 percent studied physics (32 percent of…

A method for estimating mean and low flows of streams in national forests of Montana

USGS Publications Warehouse

Parrett, Charles; Hull, J.A.

1985-01-01

Equations were developed for estimating mean annual discharge, 80-percent exceedance discharge, and 95-percent exceedance discharge for streams on national forest lands in Montana. The equations for mean annual discharge used active-channel width, drainage area and mean annual precipitation as independent variables, with active-channel width being most significant. The equations for 80-percent exceedance discharge and 95-percent exceedance discharge used only active-channel width as an independent variable. The standard error or estimate for the best equation for estimating mean annual discharge was 27 percent. The standard errors of estimate for the equations were 67 percent for estimating 80-percent exceedance discharge and 75 percent for estimating 95-percent exceedance discharge. (USGS)

The Plastic Surgery Hand Curriculum.

PubMed

Silvestre, Jason; Levin, L Scott; Serletti, Joseph M; Chang, Benjamin

2015-12-01

Designing an effective hand rotation for plastic surgery residents is difficult. The authors address this limitation by elucidating the critical components of the hand curriculum during plastic surgery residency. Hand questions on the Plastic Surgery In-Service Training Exam for six consecutive years (2008 to 2013) were characterized by presence of imaging, vignette setting, question taxonomy, answer domain, anatomy, and topic. Answer references were quantified by source and year of publication. Two hundred sixty-six questions were related to hand surgery (22.7 percent of all questions; 44.3 per year) and 61 were accompanied by an image (22.9 percent). Vignettes tended to be clinic- (50.0 percent) and emergency room-based (35.3 percent) (p < 0.001). Questions required decision-making (60.5 percent) over interpretation (25.9 percent) and recall skills (13.5 percent) (p < 0.001). Answers focused on interventions (57.5 percent) over anatomy/pathology (25.2 percent) and diagnoses (17.3 percent) (p < 0.001). Nearly half of the questions focused on the digits. The highest yield topics were trauma (35.3 percent), reconstruction (24.4 percent), and aesthetic and functional problems (14.2 percent). The Journal of Hand Surgery (American volume) (20.5 percent) and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (18.0 percent) were the most-cited journals, and the median publication lag was 7 years. Green's Operative Hand Surgery was the most-referenced textbook (41.8 percent). These results will enable trainees to study hand surgery topics with greater efficiency. Faculty can use these results to ensure that tested topics are covered during residency training. Thus, a benchmark is established to improve didactic, clinical, and operative experiences in hand surgery.

Parental knowledge, attitudes and antibiotic use for acute upper respiratory tract infection in children attending a primary healthcare clinic in Malaysia.

PubMed

Chan, G C; Tang, S F

2006-04-01

A study was carried out in a primary healthcare clinic in the Hulu Langat district of Malaysia to assess the parental knowledge, attitudes and antibiotic use for common childhood acute upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). A cross-sectional study involving 421 parents, who were surveyed by using an interviewer-administered questionnaire, from April to June 2001. Approximately 59 percent of parents from this study believed that weather was the main cause of acute URTI of their children, 13 percent thought it was due to food, and only about 27 percent said it was caused by germs. Nearly 68 percent, 69 percent and 76 percent of them believed that antibiotics was helpful in treating the common cold, cough and fever, respectively. 29 percent of parents who thought that their child with acute URTI needed antibiotics were not prescribed with any. On the other hand, 17 percent believed that antibiotics were unnecessary when prescribed. 28 percent of parents had requested for antibiotics, and 93 percent received what they requested for their child with acute URTI. About 31 percent of parents who did not request any antibiotics claimed that private general practitioners habitually prescribed antibiotics. The antibiotic compliance was poor with only 74 percent completing the entire course, with 85 percent of them stopping once they improved symptomatically. 15 percent of parents gave "leftover" antibiotics, 24 percent gave "shared" antibiotics, and 5.5 percent bought antibiotics for their child with acute URTI without consulting a doctor. This study shows that parents often have inadequate knowledge and misconceptions on antibiotic use for acute URTI in children. Improved parental education may reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescription and antimicrobial resistance in the community.

Estimated use of water in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River basin during 1990, with state summaries from 1970 to 1990

USGS Publications Warehouse

Marella, R.L.; Fanning, J.L.; Mooty, W.S.

1993-01-01

The Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint River basin covers approximately 19,800 square miles in parts of Alabama, Florida, and Georgia. Most of the basin lies within Georgia as does most of the population. Most of the water withdrawn in the basin in 1990 was withdrawn in Georgia (82 percent). Withdrawals in Florida and Alabama each accounted for 9 percent of the total withdrawal in the basin. Water with- drawn in the basin for 1990 totaled 2,098 million gallons per day, of which approximately 17 percent (351 million gallons per day) was consumed. Of the total water used, nearly 86 percent was withdrawn from surface-water sources, and the remaining 14 percent was withdrawn from ground-water sources. Nearly 63 percent of the surface water used in the basin during 1990 was for thermoelectric power generation; other surface water uses included public supply (24 percent), self-supplied commercial- industrial use (12 percent), and agricultural use (4 percent). Nearly 58 percent of the ground water used in the basin for 1990 was used for agricultural irrigation; other ground-water uses included public supply (21 percent), self-supplied domestic use (11 percent), self-supplied commercial-industrial use (9 percent), and thermoelectric power generation (less than 1 percent). The Chattahoochee River supplied most of the surface water used in the basin (64 percent) and the Floridan aquifer system supplied most of the ground water used (44 percent) in 1990. During 1990, 39,815 Mgal/d of water was used to produce 35,843 gigawatthours of electricity. Of that total, 1.076 Mgal/d was used to produced 33,460 gigawwatthours of electricity at 8 fossil fuel facilities and 38,740 Mgal/d was used to produce 2,384 gigawatthours of electricity at 14 hydroelectric facilities.

Intraosseous anesthesia: a review.

PubMed

Brown, R

1999-10-01

The recent introduction of intraosseous injection devices has renewed interest in the modality of local anesthesia. Three devices currently available are the Stabident System, the Hypo Brand Intraosseous Needle, and the Cyberjet System. The Stabident System is the most popular and the only one for which published research is available. Primary intraosseous anesthesia is 45 percent to 93 percent effective but of short duration. Supplemental intraosseous anesthesia is 80 percent to 90 percent effective and provides profound anesthesia of long duration (60 minutes or longer). It is used when a prior conventional infiltration or nerve block is inadequate. During use of an anesthetic solution with a vasoconstrictor for intraosseous anesthesia, 46 percent to 100 percent of patients reported an increase in heart rate. There was a 2 percent to 27 percent incidence of moderate and sometimes severe pain during the intraosseous procedure. Postoperative complications occurred in 2 percent to 15 percent of patients and lasted one to 14 days.

Design of a large span-distributed load flying-wing cargo airplane with laminar flow control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lovell, W. A.; Price, J. E.; Quartero, C. B.; Turriziani, R. V.; Washburn, G. F.

1978-01-01

A design study was conducted to add laminar flow control to a previously design span-distributed load airplane while maintaining constant range and payload. With laminar flow control applied to 100 percent of the wing and vertical tail chords, the empty weight increased by 4.2 percent, the drag decreased by 27.4 percent, the required engine thrust decreased by 14.8 percent, and the fuel consumption decreased by 21.8 percent. When laminar flow control was applied to a lesser extent of the chord (approximately 80 percent), the empty weight increased by 3.4 percent, the drag decreased by 20.0 percent, the required engine thrust decreased by 13.0 percent, and the fuel consumption decreased by 16.2 percent. In both cases the required take-off gross weight of the aircraft was less than the original turbulent aircraft.

21 CFR 347.10 - Skin protectant active ingredients.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... vitamin A and 400 U.S.P. Units cholecalciferol. (f) Colloidal oatmeal, 0.007 percent minimum; 0.003... percent. (k) Lanolin, 12.5 to 50 percent. (l) Mineral oil, 50 to 100 percent; 30 to 35 percent in...

21 CFR 347.10 - Skin protectant active ingredients.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... vitamin A and 400 U.S.P. Units cholecalciferol. (f) Colloidal oatmeal, 0.007 percent minimum; 0.003... percent. (k) Lanolin, 12.5 to 50 percent. (l) Mineral oil, 50 to 100 percent; 30 to 35 percent in...

21 CFR 347.10 - Skin protectant active ingredients.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... vitamin A and 400 U.S.P. Units cholecalciferol. (f) Colloidal oatmeal, 0.007 percent minimum; 0.003... percent. (k) Lanolin, 12.5 to 50 percent. (l) Mineral oil, 50 to 100 percent; 30 to 35 percent in...

Peace Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boulding, Kenneth E.

1977-01-01

Describes the impact of interdisciplinary thinking on research activities of individuals within the peace research movement. Identifies peace researchers by disciplinary affiliation as 35 percent political scientists, 21 percent sociologists, 14 percent lawyers, 8 percent general systems practitioners, and approximately 6 percent each from the…

21 CFR 347.10 - Skin protectant active ingredients.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... vitamin A and 400 U.S.P. Units cholecalciferol. (f) Colloidal oatmeal, 0.007 percent minimum; 0.003... percent. (k) Lanolin, 12.5 to 50 percent. (l) Mineral oil, 50 to 100 percent; 30 to 35 percent in...

Projections of forest contributions to global carbon cycles

Treesearch

Michael E. Goerndt; Stephen R. Shifley; Patrick D. Miles; Dave Wear; Francisco X. Aguilar

2016-01-01

Forests cover 42 percent of the Northern United States, and collectively they store 13 billion tons of carbon in live trees (29 percent), roots (6 percent), forest floor (9 percent), dead trees (6 percent), and soils (50 percent). About half the biomass of a live tree (dry weight basis) is sequestered carbon (Woodall et al. 2011) - not the largest but the most dynamic...

America’s Water Future and Deep Energy

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-21

demonstrate decreased productivity, increased medical costs, and social instability. Many diarrheal diseases, such as cholera , Cryptosporidium, E. coli...and Mexico , ten percent.19 The five biggest nation state sources of net crude oil and petroleum product imports were Canada, twenty-five percent...Saudi Arabia, twelve percent; Nigeria, eleven percent; Venezuela, ten percent; and Mexico , nine percent.20 Crude oil is a naturally occurring

Ductile tungsten-nickel-alloy and method for manufacturing same

DOEpatents

Ludwig, Robert L.

1978-01-01

The tensile elongation of a tungsten-nickel-iron alloy containing essentially 95 weight percent reprocessed tungsten, 3.5 weight percent nickel, and 1.5 weight percent iron is increased from a value of less than about 1 percent up to about 23 percent by the addition of less than 0.5 weight percent of a reactive metal consisting of niobium and zirconium.

7 CFR 61.103 - Determination of quality index.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... percent of foreign matter, not more than 12.0 percent of moisture, and not more than 1.8 percent of free..., contain foreign matter, moisture, or free fatty acids in the oil in the seed, in excess of the percentages... of 1.0 percent. (3) One-tenth of a unit for each 0.1 percent of moisture in excess of 12.0 percent...

7 CFR 61.103 - Determination of quality index.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... percent of foreign matter, not more than 12.0 percent of moisture, and not more than 1.8 percent of free..., contain foreign matter, moisture, or free fatty acids in the oil in the seed, in excess of the percentages... of 1.0 percent. (3) One-tenth of a unit for each 0.1 percent of moisture in excess of 12.0 percent...

7 CFR 61.103 - Determination of quality index.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... percent of foreign matter, not more than 12.0 percent of moisture, and not more than 1.8 percent of free..., contain foreign matter, moisture, or free fatty acids in the oil in the seed, in excess of the percentages... of 1.0 percent. (3) One-tenth of a unit for each 0.1 percent of moisture in excess of 12.0 percent...

Influences of the Tamarisk Leaf Beetle (Diorhabda carinulata) on the diet of insectivorous birds along the Dolores River in Southwestern Colorado

USGS Publications Warehouse

Puckett, Sarah L.; van Riper, Charles

2014-01-01

We examined the effects of a biologic control agent, the tamarisk leaf beetle (Diorhabda carinulata), on native avifauna in southwestern Colorado, specifically, addressing whether and to what degree birds eat tamarisk leaf beetles. In 2010, we documented avian foraging behavior, characterized the arthropod community, sampled bird diets, and undertook an experiment to determine whether tamarisk leaf beetles are palatable to birds. We observed that tamarisk leaf beetles compose 24.0 percent (95-percent-confidence interval, 19.9-27.4 percent) and 35.4 percent (95-percent-confidence interval, 32.4-45.1 percent) of arthropod abundance and biomass in the study area, respectively. Birds ate few tamarisk leaf beetles, despite a superabundance of D. carinulata in the environment. The frequency of occurrence of tamarisk leaf beetles in bird diets was 2.1 percent (95-percent-confidence interval, 1.3- 2.9 percent) by abundance and 3.4 percent (95-percent-confidence interval, 2.6-4.2 percent) by biomass. Thus, tamarisk leaf beetles probably do not contribute significantly to the diets of birds in areas where biologic control of tamarisk is being applied.

21 CFR 349.12 - Ophthalmic demulcents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...) Polyethylene glycol 300, 0.2 to 1 percent. (3) Polyethylene glycol 400, 0.2 to 1 percent. (4) Polysorbate 80, 0.2 to 1 percent. (5) Propylene glycol, 0.2 to 1 percent. (e) Polyvinyl alcohol, 0.1 to 4 percent. (f...

21 CFR 349.12 - Ophthalmic demulcents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...) Polyethylene glycol 300, 0.2 to 1 percent. (3) Polyethylene glycol 400, 0.2 to 1 percent. (4) Polysorbate 80, 0.2 to 1 percent. (5) Propylene glycol, 0.2 to 1 percent. (e) Polyvinyl alcohol, 0.1 to 4 percent. (f...

21 CFR 349.12 - Ophthalmic demulcents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...) Polyethylene glycol 300, 0.2 to 1 percent. (3) Polyethylene glycol 400, 0.2 to 1 percent. (4) Polysorbate 80, 0.2 to 1 percent. (5) Propylene glycol, 0.2 to 1 percent. (e) Polyvinyl alcohol, 0.1 to 4 percent. (f...

Water withdrawals, use, and trends in Florida, 2010

USGS Publications Warehouse

Marella, Richard L.

2014-01-01

In 2010, the total amount of water withdrawn in Florida was estimated to be 14,988 million gallons per day (Mgal/d). Saline water accounted for 8,589 Mgal/d (57 percent) and freshwater accounted for 6,399 Mgal/d (43 percent). Groundwater accounted for 4,166 Mgal/d (65 percent) of freshwater withdrawals, and surface water accounted for the remaining 2,233 Mgal/d (35 percent). Surface water accounted for nearly all (99.9 percent) saline-water withdrawals. An additional 659 Mgal/d of reclaimed wastewater was used in Florida during 2010. Freshwater withdrawals were greatest in Palm Beach County (707 Mgal/d), and saline-water withdrawals were greatest in Hillsborough County (1,715 Mgal/d). Fresh groundwater provided drinking water (public supplied and self-supplied) for 17.33 million people (92 percent of Florida’s population), and fresh surface water provided drinking water for 1.47 million people (8 percent). The statewide public-supply gross per capita use for 2010 was 134 gallons per day, whereas the statewide public-supply domestic per capita use was 85 gallons per day. The majority of groundwater withdrawals (almost 62 percent) in 2010 were obtained from the Floridan aquifer system, which is present throughout most of the State. The majority of fresh surface-water withdrawals (56 percent) came from the southern Florida hydrologic unit subregion and is associated with Lake Okeechobee and the canals in the Everglades Agricultural Area of Glades, Hendry, and Palm Beach Counties, as well as the Caloosahatchee River and its tributaries in the agricultural areas of Collier, Glades, Hendry, and Lee Counties. Overall, agricultural irrigation accounted for 40 percent of the total freshwater withdrawals (ground and surface), followed by public supply with 35 percent. Public supply accounted for 48 percent of groundwater withdrawals, followed by agricultural self-supplied (34 percent), commercial-industrial-mining self-supplied (7 percent), recreational-landscape irrigation and domestic self-supplied (5 percent each), and power generation (less than 1 percent). Agricultural self-supplied accounted for 51 percent of fresh surface-water withdrawals, followed by power generation (25 percent), public supply (11 percent), recreational-landscape irrigation (9 percent), and commercial-industrial-mining self-supplied (4 percent). Power generation accounted for nearly all (99.8 percent) saline-water withdrawals. Of the 18.80 million people who resided in Florida during 2010, 41 percent (7.68 million people) resided in the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD), 25 percent each resided in the Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD) and the St. Johns River Water Management District (SJRWMD) (4.73 and 4.70 million people, respectively), 7 percent (1.36 million people) resided in the Northwest Florida Water Management District (NWFWMD), and 2 percent (0.33 million people) resided in the Suwannee River Water Management District (SRWMD). The largest percentage of freshwater withdrawals was from the SFWMD (47 percent), followed by the SJRWMD (21 percent), SWFWMD (18 percent), NWFWMD (9 percent), and SRWMD (5 percent). Between 1950 and 2010, the population of Florida increased by 16.03 million (580 percent), and the total water withdrawals (fresh and saline) increased by 12,334 Mgal/d (465 percent). More recently, total freshwater withdrawals decreased by more than 1,792 Mgal/d (22 percent) between 2000 and 2010, while the population increased by 2.82 million (18 percent), and total freshwater withdrawals decreased by more than 474 Mgal/d (7 percent) between 2005 and 2010, while the population increased by 0.88 million (8 percent). The recent trend of decreases in freshwater withdrawals is a result of increased rainfall during this period, the development and use of alternative water sources, water conservation efforts, more conservative regulations and mandates, changes in economic conditions, and losses of irrigated lands. Fresh-water withdrawals for public supply, agricultural self-supplied use, and commercial-industrial-mining self-supplied use all decreased between 2000 and 2010 and between 2005 and 2010, whereas freshwater withdrawals for domestic self-supplied use, recreational-landscape irrigation use, and power generation use either remained the same or changed slightly during the decade. The use of highly mineralized groundwater (referred to as nonpotable water) as a source of drinking water has increased in Florida. Nonpotable water use for public supply has increased from nearly 2 Mgal/d in 1970 to about 165 Mgal/d in 2010. Nonpotable water is either blended or treated to meet drinking-water standards and is mostly used along the east and west coasts of central and southern Florida. The use of reclaimed wastewater increased from about 206 Mgal/d in 1986 to nearly 659 Mgal/d in 2010. More than three-quarters (79 percent) of reclaimed wastewater in 2010 was used to supplement potable-quality water withdrawals for urban irrigation, agricultural irrigation, and industrial use.

Heat and corrosion resistant cast CF8C stainless steel with improved high temperature strength and ductility

DOEpatents

Maziasz, Philip J.; McGreevy, Tim; Pollard, Michael James; Siebenaler, Chad W.; Swindeman, Robert W.

2006-12-26

A CF8C type stainless steel alloy and articles formed therefrom containing about 18.0 weight percent to about 22.0 weight percent chromium and 11.0 weight percent to about 14.0 weight percent nickel; from about 0.05 weight percent to about 0.15 weight percent carbon; from about 2.0 weight percent to about 10.0 weight percent manganese; and from about 0.3 weight percent to about 1.5 weight percent niobium. The present alloys further include less than 0.15 weight percent sulfur which provides high temperature strength both in the matrix and at the grain boundaries without reducing ductility due to cracking along boundaries with continuous or nearly-continuous carbides. The disclosed alloys also have increased nitrogen solubility thereby enhancing strength at all temperatures because nitride precipitates or nitrogen porosity during casting are not observed. The solubility of nitrogen is dramatically enhanced by the presence of manganese, which also retains or improves the solubility of carbon thereby providing additional solid solution strengthening due to the presence of manganese and nitrogen, and combined carbon.

Heat and corrosion resistant cast CF8C stainless steel with improved high temperature strength and ductility

DOEpatents

Maziasz, Philip J.; McGreevy, Tim; Pollard, Michael James; Siebenaler, Chad W.; Swindeman, Robert W.

2010-08-17

A CF8C type stainless steel alloy and articles formed therefrom containing about 18.0 weight percent to about 22.0 weight percent chromium and 11.0 weight percent to about 14.0 weight percent nickel; from about 0.05 weight percent to about 0.15 weight percent carbon; from about 2.0 weight percent to about 10.0 weight percent manganese; and from about 0.3 weight percent to about 1.5 weight percent niobium. The present alloys further include less than 0.15 weight percent sulfur which provides high temperature strength both in the matrix and at the grain boundaries without reducing ductility due to cracking along boundaries with continuous or nearly-continuous carbides. The disclosed alloys also have increased nitrogen solubility thereby enhancing strength at all temperatures because nitride precipitates or nitrogen porosity during casting are not observed. The solubility of nitrogen is dramatically enhanced by the presence of manganese, which also retains or improves the solubility of carbon thereby providing additional solid solution strengthening due to the presence of manganese and nitrogen, and combined carbon.

75 FR 6627 - Stainless Steel Sheet and Strip in Coils From Mexico; Final Results of Antidumping Duty...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-10

... between 0.20 and 0.80 percent manganese. This steel also contains, by weight, phosphorus of 0.025 percent... 19 and 22 percent, aluminum of no less than 5.0 percent, phosphorus of no more than 0.045 percent..., manganese, silicon and molybdenum each comprise, by weight, 0.05 percent or less, with phosphorus and sulfur...

78 FR 79667 - Stainless Steel Sheet and Strip in Coils From Japan: Initiation of Expedited Changed...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-31

... weight, phosphorus of 0.025 percent or less, silicon of between 0.20 and 0.50 percent, and sulfur of 0... 19 and 22 percent, aluminum of no less than 5.0 percent, phosphorus of no more than 0.045 percent..., manganese, silicon and molybdenum each comprise, by weight, 0.05 percent or less, with phosphorus and sulfur...

75 FR 81214 - Stainless Steel Sheet and Strip in Coils From Italy: Preliminary Results of the Full Second Five...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-27

... between 0.20 and 0.80 percent manganese. This steel also contains, by weight, phosphorus of 0.025 percent... 19 and 22 percent, aluminum of no less than 5.0 percent, phosphorus of no more than 0.045 percent..., manganese, silicon and molybdenum each comprise, by weight, 0.05 percent or less, with phosphorus and sulfur...

Sediment oxygen demand in the lower Willamette River, Oregon, 1994

USGS Publications Warehouse

Caldwell, James M.; Doyle, Micelis C.

1995-01-01

Sediment samples were collected near each chamber and analyzed for percent water, percent sand, and percent organics. The sand content ranged from 0.1 to 6.2 percent and averaged 1.8 percent. The organic content ranged from 1.4 to 9.6 and averaged 5.6 percent. No statistically significant correlations were found between these sediment characteristics and sediment oxygen demand.

Cost-Sharing for Emergency Care and Unfavorable Clinical Events: Findings from the Safety and Financial Ramifications of ED Copayments Study

PubMed Central

Hsu, John; Price, Mary; Brand, Richard; Ray, G Thomas; Fireman, Bruce; Newhouse, Joseph P; Selby, Joseph V

2006-01-01

Objective To evaluate the effect of emergency department (ED) copayment levels on ED use and unfavorable clinical events. Data Source/Study Setting Kaiser Permanente–Northern California (KPNC), a prepaid integrated delivery system. Study Design In a quasi-experimental longitudinal study with concurrent controls, we estimated rates of ED visits, hospitalizations, ICU admissions, and deaths associated with higher ED copayments relative to no copayment, using Poisson random effects and proportional hazard models, controlling for patient characteristics. The study period began in January 1999; more than half of the population experienced an employer-chosen increase in their ED copayment in January 2000. Data Collection/Extraction Methods Using KPNC automated databases, the 2000 U.S. Census, and California state death certificates, we collected data on ED visits and unfavorable clinical events over a 36-month period (January 1999 through December 2001) among 2,257,445 commercially insured and 261,091 Medicare insured health system members. Principal Findings Among commercially insured subjects, ED visits decreased 12 percent with the $20–35 copayment (95 percent confidence interval [CI]: 11–13 percent), and 23 percent with the $50–100 copayment (95 percent CI: 23–24 percent) compared with no copayment. Hospitalizations, ICU admissions, and deaths did not increase with copayments. Hospitalizations decreased 4 percent (95 percent CI: 2–6 percent) and 10 percent (95 percent CI: 7–13 percent) with ED copayments of $20–35 and $50–100, respectively, compared with no copayment. Among Medicare subjects, ED visits decreased by 4 percent (95 percent CI: 3–6 percent) with the $20–50 copayments compared with no copayment; unfavorable clinical events did not increase with copayments, e.g., hospitalizations were unchanged (95 percent CI: −3 percent to +2 percent) with $20–50 ED copayments compared with no copayment. Conclusions Relatively modest levels of patient cost-sharing for ED care decreased ED visit rates without increasing the rate of unfavorable clinical events. PMID:16987303

Projected rates of psychological disorders and suicidality among soldiers based on simulations of matched general population data

PubMed Central

Gadermann, Anne M.; Gilman, Stephen E.; McLaughlin, Katie A.; Nock, Matthew K.; Petukhova, Maria; Sampson, Nancy A.; Kessler, Ronald C.

2014-01-01

Limited data are available on lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of psychological disorders and suicidal behaviors among Army personnel. We used simulation methods to approximate such estimates based on analysis of data from a U.S. national general population survey with the socio-demographic profile of U.S. Army personnel. Estimated lifetime prevalence of any DSM-IV anxiety, mood, behavior, or substance disorder in this sample was 53.1 percent (17.7 percent for mood disorders, 27.2 percent for anxiety disorders, 22.7 percent for behavior disorders, and 14.4 percent for substance disorders). The vast majority of cases had onsets prior to the expected age-of-enlistment if they were in the Army (91.6 percent). Lifetime prevalence was 14.2 percent for suicidal ideation, 5.4 percent for suicide plans, and 4.5 percent for suicide attempts. The proportion of estimated pre-enlistment onsets was between 68.4 percent (suicide plans) and 82.4 percent (suicidal ideation). Externalizing disorders with onsets prior to expected age-of-enlistment and internalizing disorders with onsets after expected age-of-enlistment significantly predicted post-enlistment suicide attempts, with population attributable risk proportions of 41.8 percent and 38.8 percent, respectively. Implications of these findings are discussed for interventions designed to screen, detect, and treat psychological disorders and suicidality in the Army. PMID:23025127

42 CFR 403.808 - Use of transitional assistance funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... incomes at or below 100 percent of the poverty line, 95 percent of the price of a covered discount card... greater than 100 percent but at or below 135 percent of the poverty line, 90 percent of the price of a...

42 CFR 403.808 - Use of transitional assistance funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... incomes at or below 100 percent of the poverty line, 95 percent of the price of a covered discount card... greater than 100 percent but at or below 135 percent of the poverty line, 90 percent of the price of a...

42 CFR 403.808 - Use of transitional assistance funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... incomes at or below 100 percent of the poverty line, 95 percent of the price of a covered discount card... greater than 100 percent but at or below 135 percent of the poverty line, 90 percent of the price of a...

42 CFR 403.808 - Use of transitional assistance funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... incomes at or below 100 percent of the poverty line, 95 percent of the price of a covered discount card... greater than 100 percent but at or below 135 percent of the poverty line, 90 percent of the price of a...

Determinants of preterm birth rates in Canada from 1981 through 1983 and from 1992 through 1994.

PubMed

Joseph, K S; Kramer, M S; Marcoux, S; Ohlsson, A; Wen, S W; Allen, A; Platt, R

1998-11-12

The rates of preterm birth have increased in many countries, including Canada, over the past 20 years. However, the factors underlying the increase are poorly understood. We used data from the Statistics Canada live-birth and stillbirth data bases to determine the effects of changes in the frequency of multiple births, registration of births occurring very early in gestation, patterns of obstetrical intervention, and use of ultrasonographic dating of gestational age on the rates of preterm birth in Canada from 1981 through 1983 and from 1992 through 1994. All births in 9 of the 12 provinces and territories of Canada were included. Logistic-regression analysis and Poisson regression analysis were used to estimate changes between the two three-year periods, after adjustment for the above-mentioned determinants of the likelihood of preterm births. Preterm births increased from 6.3 percent of live births in 1981 through 1983 to 6.8 percent in 1992 through 1994, a relative increase of 9 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 7 to 10 percent). Among singleton births, preterm births increased by 5 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 3 to 6 percent). Multiple births increased from 1.9 percent to 2.1 percent of all live births; the rates of preterm birth among live births resulting from multiple gestations increased by 25 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 21 to 28 percent). Adjustment for the determinants of the likelihood of preterm birth reduced the increase in the rate of preterm birth to 3 percent among all live births and 1 percent among singleton births. The recent increase in preterm births in Canada is largely attributable to changes in the frequency of multiple births, obstetrical intervention, and the use of ultrasound-based estimates of gestational age.

Early vegetational changes on a forested wetland constructed for mitigation

USGS Publications Warehouse

Perry, M.C.; Osenton, P.C.; Sibrel, C.B.

1997-01-01

Changes in vegetation were studied on 15 acres of a 35 acre forested wetland created as a mitigation site in Anne Arundel County, Maryland during 1994-96. Meter-square sampling on four different hydrologic elevations determined that grasses initially dominated the area, but decreased from 59 percent in 1994 to 51 percent in 1995 and 30 percent in 1996. Herbaceous non-grass plants (forbs) increased from 19 percent to 56 percent in the three-year period. Area with no plant cover decreased from 21 percent in 1994 to 11 percent in 1995, and 10 percent in 1996. Woody plants comprised 2 percent of the cover in 1994, increased to 4 percent in 1995, and remained at 4 percent in 1996. The increase of woody plants was mainly from natural regeneration (pioneer) plants. Monitoring of the transplanted trees and shrubs indicated 35 percent mortality and little growth of surviving plants. The pioneer woody plant forming most of the cover was black willow (Salix nigra). Differences in the vegetation were observed among the four elevations, although no differences were observed for the major vegetation classes between plots that were planted and those that were not planted with woody plants. Dominant grass species was redtop (Agrostis stolonifera), which comprised 51 percent of the cover in 1994 and 42 percent cover in 1995 and 23 percent in 1996. Other species that were common were bush clover (Lespedeza cuneata), Japanese clover (Lespedeza striata) and flat pea (Lathyrus sylvestris). All four of these dominant species were part of the original seed mixtures that were seeded on the site. A total of 134 species of plants was recorded on the site indicating a fairly diverse community for a newly established habitat.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus with hypertension at primary healthcare level in Malaysia: are they managed according to guidelines?

PubMed

Chan, G C

2005-03-01

A study was conducted at primary healthcare level in the Melaka Tengah district of Malaysia to determine whether hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were managed according to guidelines. A cross-sectional study involving 517 patients with diabetes mellitus from August to October 2003 was performed. All the subjects had type 2 diabetes mellitus. 350 (67.7 percent) patients had hypertension and about 25.7 percent of them were associated with microalbuminuria. The Malay ethnic group form the majority (54.6 percent), followed by Chinese (37.7 percent) and Indian (7.4 percent). Only 11 (3.1 percent) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension achieved the target blood pressure of less than 130/80 mmHg. For those who had not achieved the target goal, 39.5 percent of them were not on any antihypertensive drugs. 38.6 percent were on monotherapy and only 21.8 percent were on two or more antihypertensive drugs. Metoprolol was the most commonly used antihypertensive drug (22.4 percent), followed by Nifedipine (16.2 percent) and Prazosin (13.5 percent). Only 18.3 percent of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension were prescribed with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and 0.3 percent with angiotensin receptor blockers. For patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and microalbuminuria, only 14.1 percent of them were prescribed with ACE inhibitors. A significant proportion of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had associated hypertension but they were not managed optimally according to guidelines. More intensive management of hypertension among patients with diabetes is essential to reduce the morbidity and mortality at primary healthcare level.

Top-10 list of herbal and supplemental medicines used by cosmetic patients: what the plastic surgeon needs to know.

PubMed

Heller, Justin; Gabbay, Joubin S; Ghadjar, Kiu; Jourabchi, Mickel; O'Hara, Catherine; Heller, Misha; Bradley, James P

2006-02-01

Widespread use of herbal medications/supplements among the presurgical population may have a negative effect on perioperative patient care. Thus, the authors' goal was to identify the prevalence of such use in a cosmetic surgery patient population compared with use among the general public; to assess physician awareness of proper management of these herbal medications/supplements; and to review the literature to provide rational strategies for managing perioperative patients taking these remedies. To assess patient (n = 100) and general public (n = 100) usage rates, open-ended lists of (1) the most common herbal medications/supplements and (2) homeopathic treatments were compiled. Board-certified plastic surgeons (n = 20) were then given the same list of herbs/supplements and surveyed on their awareness of these treatments and perioperative side effects. The usage rate for cosmetic versus public surveys for herbal medicines/supplements was 55 percent versus 24 percent (p < 0.001), with 35 percent versus 8 percent (p < 0.001) engaging in homeopathic practices, respectively. Cosmetic patients' top four herbal/supplements of usage were chondroitin (18 percent), ephedra (18 percent), echinacea (14 percent), and glucosamine (10 percent). The top four used by the general public were echinacea (8 percent), garlic (6 percent), ginseng (4 percent), and ginger (4 percent). The physician survey demonstrated awareness of 54 percent of the listed supplements/herbal medicines, 85 percent of which were not suggested to be discontinued preoperatively, with only ephedra achieving 100 percent physician discontinuation preoperatively. Herbal medicines and supplements displayed greater prevalence in the cosmetic surgery population than in the population at large. Furthermore, side effects and potential complications warrant addressing these remedies as pharmaceuticals rather than as safe and "natural." Thus, a descriptive "top-10" list with perioperative recommendations was compiled for the plastic surgeon.

Patients transferred for emergency upper extremity evaluation: does insurance status matter?

PubMed

Eberlin, Kyle R; Hartzell, Tristan L; Kuo, Phoebe; Winograd, Jonathan; Day, Charles

2013-03-01

Academic institutions receive many patients transferred specifically for hand surgery evaluation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the demographics and insurance status of patients transferred for this reason. A retrospective review was performed of 155 transferred and 1017 nontransferred patients with a primary hand diagnosis during 3 summer months at two urban academic institutions. Patients were evaluated for insurance status/type, medical comorbidities, employment status, and reason for transfer. Insurance was defined as present/absent and favorable/unfavorable, with unfavorable defined as Medicaid or state-sponsored insurance. Reason for transfer or presenting diagnosis was separated by category. The mean age was similar between groups, but a higher percentage of transfer patients were men (69.9 percent versus 59.7 percent; p < 0.05). The percentage of insured patients was similar (92.9 percent versus 93.2 percent), but the number with no insurance or undesirable insurance was greater for transferred patients (30.1 percent versus 22.9 percent; p < 0.05). Patients with poor or no insurance were twice as likely to be inappropriately transferred (OR, 2.17; p = 0.03). Transferred patients were less likely to be employed (55.1 percent versus 64.8 percent; p < 0.05); however, the percentages of workers' compensation (13.5 percent versus 14.6 percent) and diabetes (6.41 percent versus 6.10 percent) cases were similar. Common reasons for transfer were closed fractures/dislocations (21.9 percent), infection (17.4 percent), and amputation/devascularization (17.4 percent). Patients transferred to tertiary care centers for emergency upper extremity evaluation have a higher rate of undesirable or no insurance and are more likely to be male or unemployed.

Mineral commodity profiles: nitrogen

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kramer, Deborah A.

2004-01-01

Overview -- Nitrogen (N) is an essential element of life and a part of all animal and plant proteins. As a part of the DNA and RNA molecules, nitrogen is an essential constituent of each individual's genetic blueprint. As an essential element in the chlorophyll molecule, nitrogen is vital to a plant's ability to photosynthesize. Some crop plants, such as alfalfa, peas, peanuts, and soybeans, can convert atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form by a process referred to as 'fixation.' Most of the nitrogen that is available for crop production, however, comes from decomposing animal and plant waste or from commercially produced fertilizers. Commercial fertilizers contain nitrogen in the form of ammonium and/or nitrate or in a form that is quickly converted to the ammonium or nitrate form once the fertilizer is applied to the soil. Ammonia is generally the source of nitrogen in fertilizers. Anhydrous ammonia is commercially produced by reacting nitrogen with hydrogen under high temperatures and pressures. The source of nitrogen is the atmosphere, which is almost 80 percent nitrogen. Hydrogen is derived from a variety of raw materials, which include water, and crude oil, coal, and natural gas hydrocarbons. Nitrogen-based fertilizers are produced from ammonia feedstocks through a variety of chemical processes. Small quantities of nitrates are produced from mineral resources principally in Chile. In 2002, anhydrous ammonia and other nitrogen materials were produced in more than 70 countries. Global ammonia production was 108 million metric tons (Mt) of contained nitrogen. With 28 percent of this total, China was the largest producer of ammonia. Asia contributed 46 percent of total world ammonia production, and countries of the former U.S.S.R. represented 13 percent. North America also produced 13 percent of the total; Western Europe, 9 percent; the Middle East, 7 percent; Central America and South America, 5 percent; Eastern Europe, 3 percent; and Africa and Oceania contributed the remaining 4 percent (International Fertilizer Industry Association, 2003b, p. 1-4). In 2002, world ammonia exports were 13.1 Mt of contained nitrogen. Trinidad and Tobago (22 percent), Russia (18 percent), Ukraine (10 percent), and Indonesia (7 percent) accounted for 57 percent of the world total. The largest importing regions were North America with 36 percent of the total followed by Western Europe with 23 percent and Asia with 22 percent (International Fertilizer Industry Association, 2003b, p. 5L-11). In 2002, world urea production was 51.4 Mt of contained nitrogen, and exports were 12.0 Mt of contained nitrogen. China and India, which were the two largest producing countries, accounted for 48 percent of world production. The United States and Canada produced about 10 percent of the total. Russia and Ukraine together accounted for 28 percent of total urea exports; Central America and South America, 27 percent; and Asia, North America, and Western Europe, 10 percent each. North America accounted for 36 percent of the total urea imports; Western Europe, 23 percent; and Asia, 22 percent (International Fertilizer Industry Association, 2003f, p. 1-15). Ammonia production capacity in North America and Western Europe is projected to decline through 2004, and capacity in other world regions is projected to increase. Fluctuating natural gas prices are mainly responsible for the capacity decline in North America. Ammonia production capacity is continuing to shift to world regions that have abundant sources of natural gas, and away from those where costs (raw material, labor, environmental compliance) are higher.

Estimated use of water in Alabama in 2005

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hutson, Susan S.; Littlepage, Thomas M.; Harper, Michael J.; Tinney, James O.

2009-01-01

Total water withdrawals decreased less than 1 percent from 9,990 Mgal/d in 2000 to 9,958 Mgal/d in 2005. Surface-water withdrawals decreased less than 5 percent from 9,950 Mgal/d in 2000 to 9,467 Mgal/d in 2005. In contrast, ground-water withdrawals increased about 12 percent from 440 Mgal/d in 2000 to 491 Mgal/d in 2005. By category, increases in irrigation (118 Mgal/d, about 274 percent), thermoelectric power (84 Mgal/d, about 1 percent), and aquaculture (65 Mgal/d, 620 percent) were offset by declines in self-supplied industrial (283 Mgal/d, about 34 percent), self-supplied residential (40 Mgal/d, about 50 percent); and public supply (32 Mgal/d, about 4 percent) from 2000 to 2005. Water use for livestock and mining was not estimated in 2000.

Dependency on soup kitchens in urban areas of New York State.

PubMed Central

Rauschenbach, B S; Frongillo, E A; Thompson, F E; Andersen, E J; Spicer, D A

1990-01-01

We studied the dependency of persons on soup kitchens in Albany, Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse, and Westchester County, New York. Seventeen percent of the meal recipients were homeless, 62 percent lived in apartments or houses, 20 percent were working, 40 percent were women, and 17 percent had a child in their household. Fifty-nine percent started eating at the soup kitchen more than a year ago, and 51 percent ate five or more meals at soup kitchens in the last week. Most reported they came to the soup kitchen because of economic problems or lack of food; 93 percent had incomes below the poverty threshold. Most used some government food program; 48 percent received food stamps. Utilization of soup kitchens and other programs differed between men and women and between households with and without children. PMID:2293804

International strategic minerals inventory summary report; rare-earth oxides

USGS Publications Warehouse

Jackson, W.D.; Christiansen, Grey

1993-01-01

Bastnaesite, monazite, and xenotime are currently the most important rare-earth minerals. Bastnaesite occurs as a primary mineral in carbonatites. Monazite and xenotime also can be found in primary deposits but are recovered principally from heavy-mineral placers that are mined for titanium or tin. Each of these minerals has a different composition of the 15 rare-earth elements. World resources of economically exploitable rare-earth oxides (REO) are estimated at 93.4 million metric tons in place, composed of 93 percent in primary deposits and 7 percent in placers. The average mineral composition is 83 percent bastnaesite, 13 percent monazite, and 4 percent of 10 other minerals. Annual global production is about 67,000 metric tons of which 41 percent is from placers and 59 percent is from primary deposits; mining methods consist of open pits (94 percent) and dredging (6 percent). This output could be doubled if the operations that do not currently recover rare earths would do so. Resources are more than sufficient to meet the demand for the predictable future. About 52 percent of the world's REO resources are located in China. Ranking of other countries is as follows: Namibia (22 percent), the United States (15 percent), Australia (6 percent), and India (3 percent); the remainder is in several other countries. Conversely, 38 percent of the production is in China, 33 percent in the United States, 12 percent in Australia, and 5 percent each in Malaysia and India. Several other countries, including Brazil, Canada, South Africa, Sri Lanka, and Thailand, make up the remainder. Markets for rare earths are mainly in the metallurgical, magnet, ceramic, electronic, chemical, and optical industries. Rare earths improve the physical and rolling properties of iron and steel and add corrosion resistance and strength to structural members at high temperatures. Samarium and neodymium are used in lightweight, powerful magnets for electric motors. Cerium and yttrium increase the density and heat resistance of sintered ceramics. Yttrium and gadolinium contribute to the efficiency of electronic switches and sensors. Cerium improves the effectiveness of catalysts in the petroleum and automotive industries. Cerium oxides speed glass melting and are used to polish glass by chemical, rather than mechanical, means. Cerium, europium, terbium, and yttrium, as phosphoric compounds, promote the vivid colors of television screens. Consumption of rare earths is expected to grow by about 2.6 percent per year.

Sensitivity and positive predictive values of presurgical clinical diagnosis of excised benign and malignant skin tumors: a prospective study of 835 lesions in 778 patients.

PubMed

Har-Shai, Y; Hai, N; Taran, A; Mayblum, S; Barak, A; Tzur, E; Schafer, I; David, R; David, E; Linn, S

2001-12-01

This article reports on the sensitivity and positive predictive value of clinical diagnosis of benign and malignant skin tumors by expert plastic surgeons in an Israeli clinic. Most published reports have focused on the sensitivity of clinicians' diagnoses, a general measure of the physician's skill that does not predict the rate of accuracy of a physician's diagnoses. Our study of 835 lesions in 778 patients, one of the largest Israeli series, assesses the clinical diagnosis of malignant and benign skin tumors and is one of the few that provide information on the positive predictive value, the measure that is of interest to both physicians and patients. The majority of tumors were benign (56.8 percent), 31.6 percent were malignant, and 11.6 percent were premalignant. Among the 474 benign lesions, 46 percent were nevi. The most common nevi subclass was compound nevi (53 percent), 9 percent of the nevi were dysplastic, and 5 percent were blue nevi. The most common malignant tumor was basal cell carcinoma, accounting for 78 percent of malignant tumors. Although sensitivity for clinical diagnosis of malignancy was 91.3 percent, the positive predictive value for clinical diagnosis of malignancy was 71.3 percent. The sensitivity rate for clinically diagnosing premalignant tumors was 42.3 percent, whereas the positive predictive value for these diagnoses was higher (64.1 percent). The sensitivity rate for diagnosis of all benign lesions was 85.9 percent, and the positive predictive value was 94.2 percent. The sensitivity rate for diagnosis of all nevi was 87.6 percent, and the positive predictive value was 85.7 percent: i.e., only seven of the 218 pathologically proven diagnoses of nevi (3.2 percent) were falsely diagnosed as malignant lesions. Even more interestingly, five of the 223 clinical diagnoses of nevi (2.2 percent) were pathologically proven to be malignant melanomas, and seven were found to be premalignant lesions (3.1 percent). It was concluded that publications which report only on the sensitivity neglect to provide information of interest regarding the positive predictive value. Often, positive predictive value is qualitatively different from the sensitivity, and thus relying only on the sensitivity may lead to incorrect evaluation of a clinical judgment, which may result in erroneous surgical decisions.

Influence of Chemical Composition on Rupture Properties at 1200 Degrees F. of Forged Chromium-Cobalt-Nickel-Iron Base Alloys in Solution-Treated and Aged Condition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reynolds, E E; Freeman, J W; White, A E

1951-01-01

The influence of systematic variations of chemical composition on rupture properties at 1200 degrees F. was determined for 62 modifications of a basic alloy containing 20 percent chromium, 20 percent nickel, 20 percent cobalt, 3 percent molybdenum, 2 percent tungsten, 1 percent columbium, 0.15 percent carbon, 1.7 percent manganese, 0.5 percent silicon, 0.12 percent nitrogen and the balance iron. These modifications included individual variations of each of 10 elements present and simultaneous variations of molybdenum, tungsten, and columbium. Laboratory induction furnace heats were hot-forged to round bar stock, solution-treated at 2200 degrees F., and aged at 1400 degrees F. The melting and fabrication conditions were carefully controlled in order to minimize all variable effects on properties except chemical composition. Information is presented which indicates that melting and hot-working conditions play an important role in high-temperature properties of alloys of the type investigated.

75 FR 62104 - Certain Stainless Steel Sheet and Strip in Coils From Germany, Japan, the Republic of Korea, and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-07

... also contains, by weight, phosphorus of 0.025 percent or less, silicon of between 0.20 and 0.50 percent..., chromium of between 19 and 22 percent, aluminum of no less than 5.0 percent, phosphorus of no more than 0... percent or less, with phosphorus and sulfur each comprising, by weight, 0.03 percent or less. This steel...

75 FR 81221 - Stainless Steel Sheet and Strip in Coils From Mexico; Preliminary Results of the Five-Year...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-27

... also contains, by weight, phosphorus of 0.025 percent or less, silicon of between 0.20 and 0.50 percent..., chromium of between 19 and 22 percent, aluminum of no less than 5.0 percent, phosphorus of no more than 0... percent or less, with phosphorus and sulfur each comprising, by weight, 0.03 percent or less. This steel...

75 FR 6631 - Stainless Steel Sheet and Strip in Coils from Japan: Final Results of Antidumping Duty...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-10

... and 0.80 percent manganese. This steel also contains, by weight, phosphorus of 0.025 percent or less..., phosphorus of no more than 0.045 percent, sulfur of no more than 0.03 percent, lanthanum of less than 0.002... weight, 0.05 percent or less, with phosphorus and sulfur each comprising, by weight, 0.03 percent or less...

76 FR 25670 - Stainless Steel Sheet and Strip in Coils From Italy: Final Results of the Full Five-Year (“Sunset...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-05

... weight, phosphorus of 0.025 percent or less, silicon of between 0.20 and 0.50 percent, and sulfur of 0... 19 and 22 percent, aluminum of no less than 5.0 percent, phosphorus of no more than 0.045 percent..., manganese, silicon and molybdenum each comprise, by weight, 0.05 percent or less, with phosphorus and sulfur...

Silicon production process evaluations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1981-01-01

The chemical engineering analysis of the preliminary process design of a process for producing solar cell grade silicon from dichlorosilane is presented. A plant to produce 1,000 MT/yr of silicon is analyzed. Progress and status for the plant design are reported for the primary activities of base case conditions (60 percent), reaction chemistry (50 percent), process flow diagram (35 percent), energy balance (10 percent), property data (10 percent) and equipment design (5 percent).

Photosynthesis and Biomass Allocation in Oak Seedlings Grown Under Shade

Treesearch

Shi-Jean S. Sung; Paul P. Kormanik; Stanley J. Zarnoch

1998-01-01

Abstract-Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) (NRO) and white oak (Q. alba L.) (WO) acorns were sown into wooden plots and grown under 30 percent shade screen (30 percent S) or 70 percent shade screen (70 percent S). Seedlings grown under full sun were the controls (C). At the end of the first year, the 30 percent S NRO had 30 percent greater seedling dry weight (DW...

The status of U.S. Virgin Islands' forests, 2004

Treesearch

Thomas J. Brandeis; Sonja N. Oswalt

2007-01-01

Forest covers 21 237 ha of the U.S. Virgin Islands, 61 percent of the total land area. St. John had the highest percentage of forest cover (92 percent), followed by St. Thomas (74 percent), and St. Croix (50 percent). Forest cover has decreased 7 percent from 1994 to 2004, a loss of 1671 ha of forest. Most notably, St. Croix lost 986 ha (11 percent) of subtropical dry...

Dimensional and relative hygroscopic properties of hardwoods from southern pine sites

Treesearch

E.T. Choong; F.G. Manwiller

1979-01-01

Ten 6-inch trees from each of 22 species-were sampled. Differences in EMC occurred at 85 and 71 percent RH but not at 50 or 25 percent; there was essentially no difference between sapwood and corewood. Radial shrinkage varied from 4.1 percent in water oak to 8.0 percent in hickory, while tangential shrinkage varied from 7.9 percent in sweetbay to 12.2 percent in...

Dimensional and relative hygroscopic properties of hardwoods from southern pine sites

Treesearch

Elvin T. Choong; Floyd G. Manwiller

1975-01-01

Ten 6-inch trees from each of 22 species were sampled. Differences in EMC occurred at 85 and 71 percent RH but not at 50 or 25 percent; there was essentially no difference between sapwood and corewood. Radial shrinkage varied from 4.1 percent in water oak to 8.0 percent in hickory, while tangential shrinkage varied from 7.9 percent in sweetbay to 12.2 percent in...

Bauxite and alumina

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bray, E. Lee

2013-01-01

The United States is reliant upon imports for nearly all of the bauxite that it consumes. Small amounts of bauxite and bauxitic clays are produced in Alabama, Arkansas and Georgia for nonmetallurgical uses. Metallurgical-grade bauxite (crude dry) imports in 2012 totaled 10.3 Mt (11.3 million st), 8 percent more than the quantity imported in 2011. Jamaica (46 percent), Guinea (27 percent) and Brazil (25 percent) were the leading suppliers to the United States in 2012. In 2012, 84 kt (92,600 st) of refractory-grade calcined bauxite was imported, an 8-percent decrease compared with imports in 2011. Although domestic steel production increased by about 3 percent in 2012, compared with production in 2011, increased use of magnesia for refractory products may account for the decrease in refractory-grade calcined bauxite imports. Guyana (55 percent) and China (45 percent) were the sources of U.S. refractory-grade calcined bauxite imports. Imports of nonrefractory-grade calcined bauxite in 2012 totaled 323 kt (356,000 st), 24 percent more than the quantity imported in 2011. This increase was attributed to increased use of bauxite in cement, as proppants for hydraulic fracturing by the petroleum industry and by steel makers. Guyana (32 percent), Australia (29 percent) and Greece (25 percent) were the leading sources.

An overview of the Small Engine Component Technology (SECT) studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vanco, M. R.; Wintucky, W. T.; Niedzwiecki, R. W.

1986-01-01

The objectives of the joint NASA/Army SECT Studies were to identify high payoff technologies for year 2000 small gas turbine engine applications and to provide a technology plan for guiding future research and technology efforts applicable to rotorcraft, commuter and general aviation aircraft and cruise missiles. Competitive contracts were awarded to Allison, AVCO Lycoming, Garrett, Teledyne CAE and Williams International. This paper presents an overview of the contractors' study efforts for the commuter, rotorcraft, cruise missile, and auxiliary power (APU) applications with engines in the 250 to 1,000 horsepower size range. Reference aircraft, missions and engines were selected. Advanced engine configurations and cycles with projected year 2000 component technologies were evaluated and compared with a reference engine selected by the contractor. For typical commuter and rotorcraft applications, fuel savings of 22 percent to 42 percent can be attained. For $1/gallon and $2/gallon fuel, reductions in direct operating cost range from 6 percent to 16 percent and from 11 percent to 17 percent respectively. For subsonic strategic cruise missile applications, fuel savings of 38 percent to 54 percent can be achieved which allows 35 percent to 60 percent increase in mission range and life cycle cost reductions of 40 percent to 56 percent. High payoff technologies have been identified for all applications.

Pediatric Dentists' Knowledge Concerning the Physician Payments Sunshine Act and Their Predictions of its Effects on Their Interactions with the Industry and its Impact on Patient Care.

PubMed

Barton, David; Stossel, Thomas P

2016-01-01

This study surveyed pediatric dentists' knowledge of the Physician Payments Sunshine Act (PPSA) and their impressions of its effect on their future interactions with the dental products industry and on their clinical practice. Seven hundred seventy four practicing dentists responded to a survey, with 13 responding to a follow-up survey. Most respondents were unfamiliar (43 percent) or only vaguely familiar (33 percent) with the PPSA. In response to the required PPSA disclosures, 62 percent said they would see company representatives less often (37 percent indicated no change); 50 percent said they would attend fewer industry-sponsored continuing education events (49 percent indicated no change); and 57 percent indicated they would attend fewer promotional speaking events (43 percent indicated no change). Respondents indicated that self-banning detailing (68 percent), samples (72 percent), industry-sponsored continuing education events (81 percent), and promotional speaking (82 percent) would negatively impact the quality of care they are able to provide their patients. Pediatric dentists anticipate reducing or severing their existing ties to pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and device manufacturers in response to the Physician Payments Sunshine Act, despite believing that interactions with the dental products' industry enhance the quality of patient care they are able to provide their patients.

Chemical and biological consequences of using carbon dioxide versus acid additions in ocean acidification experiments

USGS Publications Warehouse

Yates, Kimberly K.; DuFore, Christopher M.; Robbins, Lisa L.

2013-01-01

Use of different approaches for manipulating seawater chemistry during ocean acidification experiments has confounded comparison of results from various experimental studies. Some of these discrepancies have been attributed to whether addition of acid (such as hydrochloric acid, HCl) or carbon dioxide (CO2) gas has been used to adjust carbonate system parameters. Experimental simulations of carbonate system parameter scenarios for the years 1766, 2007, and 2100 were performed using the carbonate speciation program CO2SYS to demonstrate the variation in seawater chemistry that can result from use of these approaches. Results showed that carbonate system parameters were 3 percent and 8 percent lower than target values in closed-system acid additions, and 1 percent and 5 percent higher in closed-system CO2 additions for the 2007 and 2100 simulations, respectively. Open-system simulations showed that carbonate system parameters can deviate by up to 52 percent to 70 percent from target values in both acid addition and CO2 addition experiments. Results from simulations for the year 2100 were applied to empirically derived equations that relate biogenic calcification to carbonate system parameters for calcifying marine organisms including coccolithophores, corals, and foraminifera. Calculated calcification rates for coccolithophores, corals, and foraminifera differed from rates at target conditions by 0.5 percent to 2.5 percent in closed-system CO2 gas additions, from 0.8 percent to 15 percent in the closed-system acid additions, from 4.8 percent to 94 percent in open-system acid additions, and from 7 percent to 142 percent in open-system CO2 additions.

A survey of information technology management at U.S. dental schools.

PubMed

Wrzosek, Mariusz; Warner, Gary; Donoff, R Bruce; Howell, Thomas H; Karimbux, Nadeem

2003-10-01

The purpose of this project is to assess how information technology (IT) is being implemented and managed in U.S. dental schools. Recent advances in IT have restructured many of the administrative, curricular, and clinical functions in dental schools. Purchasing hardware and software and hiring personnel to maintain IT present significant financial and administrative commitments for these schools. A nine-question survey was sent to all U.S. dental schools via email with a follow-up postal mailing. Forty-six surveys were returned (83.6 percent response rate). The analysis indicates that dental schools are managing IT in vastly different ways. For example, 71 percent of the schools report a centralized structure, and 61 percent have a line item in the budget to manage IT. On average there are 4.4 full-time equivalents hired to manage IT, with the majority of these people being trained in IT (eight schools reported dually trained IT/dental personnel). The majority of schools report using software to manage their admissions process (70 percent), curriculum analysis (72 percent), and delivery of curriculum content (72 percent), as well as to manage their student clinics (91 percent, business aspect; 87 percent, patients; 65 percent, grading on clinic floor; 76 percent, managing clinical evaluations) and faculty practices (85 percent, business aspect; 65 percent, patients). The use of multimedia (50 percent) and simulation (52 percent) in the preclinical area is mixed. The purchase of laptops (24 percent) and PCs (11 percent) is required in almost a third of all schools participating in this survey. Dental schools in the United States are managing IT in a variety of different ways, using various internally and commercially available tools. The cost to institutions can be large and is usually handled in centralized structures in the school with fixed budgets. The results of this survey can be used to assist schools in the planning and implementation of IT at their institutions.

78 FR 39564 - Mango Promotion, Research, and Information Order; Nominations of Foreign Producers and Election...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-02

... (including potential economic, environmental, public health and safety effects, distributive impacts, and...) are: Mexico (68 percent); Ecuador (9 percent); Brazil (7 percent); Peru (7 percent); Guatemala (4... previously stated, Mexico, Ecuador, Brazil, Peru, Guatemala, Haiti, and Nicaragua account for 99 percent of...

Oral Rehydration Therapy in Burn Patients

ClinicalTrials.gov

2014-04-24

Burn Any Degree Involving 20-29 Percent of Body Surface; Burn Any Degree Involving 30-39 Percent of Body Surface; Burn Any Degree Involving 40-49 Percent of Body Surface; Burn Any Degree Involving 50-59 Percent of Body Surface; Burn Any Degree Involving 60-65 Percent of Body Surface

31 CFR 363.136 - Do zero-percent certificates of indebtedness pay interest?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Do zero-percent certificates of... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.136 Do zero-percent certificates of indebtedness pay interest? Zero-percent certificates of...

31 CFR 363.136 - Do zero-percent certificates of indebtedness pay interest?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Do zero-percent certificates of... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.136 Do zero-percent certificates of indebtedness pay interest? Zero-percent certificates of...

38 CFR 4.31 - Zero percent evaluations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Zero percent evaluations... FOR RATING DISABILITIES General Policy in Rating § 4.31 Zero percent evaluations. In every instance where the schedule does not provide a zero percent evaluation for a diagnostic code, a zero percent...

31 CFR 363.136 - Do zero-percent certificates of indebtedness pay interest?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Do zero-percent certificates of... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.136 Do zero-percent certificates of indebtedness pay interest? Zero-percent certificates of...

38 CFR 4.31 - Zero percent evaluations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Zero percent evaluations... FOR RATING DISABILITIES General Policy in Rating § 4.31 Zero percent evaluations. In every instance where the schedule does not provide a zero percent evaluation for a diagnostic code, a zero percent...

38 CFR 4.31 - Zero percent evaluations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Zero percent evaluations... FOR RATING DISABILITIES General Policy in Rating § 4.31 Zero percent evaluations. In every instance where the schedule does not provide a zero percent evaluation for a diagnostic code, a zero percent...

38 CFR 4.31 - Zero percent evaluations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Zero percent evaluations... FOR RATING DISABILITIES General Policy in Rating § 4.31 Zero percent evaluations. In every instance where the schedule does not provide a zero percent evaluation for a diagnostic code, a zero percent...

38 CFR 4.31 - Zero percent evaluations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Zero percent evaluations... FOR RATING DISABILITIES General Policy in Rating § 4.31 Zero percent evaluations. In every instance where the schedule does not provide a zero percent evaluation for a diagnostic code, a zero percent...

31 CFR 363.136 - Do zero-percent certificates of indebtedness pay interest?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Do zero-percent certificates of... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.136 Do zero-percent certificates of indebtedness pay interest? Zero-percent certificates of...

Comparison of tracer methods and predictive equations for determination of stream-reaeration coefficients on three small streams in Wisconsin

USGS Publications Warehouse

Grant, R. Stephen; Skavroneck, Steven

1980-01-01

The top five ranking predictive equations were as follows: Tsivoglou-Neal with 18 percent mean error, Negulescu-Rojanski with 21 percent, Padden-Gloyna with 23 percent, Thackston-Krenkel with 29 percent, and Bansal with 32 percent. (USGS).

Hooked on Coal: Meeting Energy Demands in the Philippines

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-10-27

has chosen to employ a variety of methods to generate power. In 2016 the country’s electrical generation mix included coal, natural gas, oil -based...12 percent, hydroelectric 9 percent, oil -based 6 percent, and biomass, solar, and wind-based generation methods each account for 1 percent of the...increased by 17 percent, and oil - based generation has decreased by 8 percent. During that same period, however, coal-based generation has increased

High explosive compound

DOEpatents

Crawford, Theodore C.

1976-01-01

1. A low detonation velocity explosive consisting essentially of a particulate mixture of ortho-boric acid and trinitrotoluene, said mixture containing from about 25 percent to about 65 percent by weight of ortho-boric acid, said ortho-boric acid comprised of from 60 percent to 90 percent of spherical particles having a mean particle size of about 275 microns and 10 percent to 40 percent of spherical particles having a particle size less than about 44 microns.

Photovoltaic power system tests on an 8-kilowatt single-phase line-commutated inverter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stover, J. B.

1978-01-01

Efficiency and power factor were measured as functions of solar array voltage and current. The effects of input shunt capacitance and series inductance were determined. Tests were conducted from 15 to 75 percent of the 8 kW rated inverter input power. Measured efficiencies ranged from 76 percent to 88 percent at about 50 percent of rated inverter input power. Power factor ranged from 36 percent to 72 percent.

The news on smoking: newspaper coverage of smoking and health in Australia, 1987-88.

PubMed Central

Chapman, S

1989-01-01

All newspaper articles (n = 1601) mentioning tobacco or smoking drawn from a 12-month census of 30 Australian capital city newspapers in 1987-88 were coded for content, "slant," and apparent origin. Overall, 62 percent of articles were positive in their orientation toward smoking control objectives, 17 percent were negative, and 21 percent were neutral. Newspapers owned by Rupert Murdoch published 55.7 percent positive and 23.7 percent negative articles compared to 68.0 percent positive and 13.7 percent negative articles in the other large chain of Australian newspapers. PMID:2782518

Assessment of police calls for suicidal behavior in a concentrated urban setting.

PubMed

Matheson, Flora I; Creatore, Maria I; Gozdyra, Piotr; Moineddin, Rahim; Rourke, Sean B; Glazier, Richard H

2005-12-01

As a result of deinstitutionalization over the past half-century, police have become frontline mental health care workers. This study assessed five-year patterns of police calls for suicidal behavior in Toronto, Canada. Police responded to an average of 1,422 calls for suicidal behavior per year, 15 percent of which involved completed suicides (24 percent of male callers and 8 percent of female callers). Calls for suicidal behavior increased by 4 percent among males and 17 percent among females over the study period. The rate of completed suicides decreased by 22 percent among males and 31 percent among females. Compared with women, men were more likely to die from physical (as opposed to chemical) methods (22 percent and 43 percent, respectively). The study results highlight the importance of understanding changes in patterns and types of suicidal behavior to police training and preparedness.

Susceptibility of major aquifers to surface contamination - Holmes, Humphreys, Issaquena, Sharkey, Washington, and Yazoo Counties, Mississippi

USGS Publications Warehouse

Moreland, Richard S.; O'Hara, Charles G.

1994-01-01

A geographic information system was used to integrate digital spatial data sets describing geology, slope of the land surface, depth to water table, soil permeability, and land use/land cover to rate the relative susceptibility of unconfined parts of the Mississippi River alluvial, Cockfield, and Sparta aquifers in west-central Mississippi to contamination from surface sources. Areas were rated as having a very low, low, moderate, high, or very high susceptibility to contamination from surface sources. Less than 1 percent of the Mississippi River alluvial aquifer has a very high susceptibility to surface contamination, 35 percent has a high susceptibility, 62 percent has a moderate susceptibility, and 2 percent has a low suscepti- bility. About 43 percent of the Cockfield aquifer has a high susceptibility to surface contamination, 57 percent has a moderate susceptibility, and less than 1 percent has a low susceptibility. About 41 percent of the Sparta aquifer has a high suscepti- bility, and less than 1 percent has a low suscepti- bility, and 1 percent has a low susceptibility. For all three aquifers, less than 1 percent has a very low susceptibility to surface contamination.

Underrepresented minority students' experiences at Baylor College of Dentistry: perceptions of cultural climate and reasons for choosing to attend.

PubMed

McCann, Ann L; Lacy, Ernestine S; Miller, Barbara H

2014-03-01

A study was conducted at Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry (TAMBCD) in fall 2011 to identify the reasons underrepresented minority (URM) students chose to attend TAMBCD, the factors that supported their success as enrolled students, and their perceptions of the institution's cultural climate. A survey distributed online to all URM students received a 79 percent response rate (129/164). The respondents were primarily Hispanic (62 percent Mexican American and other Hispanic) and African American (33 percent) and had attended a college pipeline program (53 percent). The top reasons these students chose TAMBCD were reputation, location, and automatic acceptance or familiarity from being in a predental program. Alumni had most influenced them to attend. Regarding support services, the largest percentage reported not using any (44 percent); personal advising and tutoring were reported to be the most commonly used. In terms of climate, discrimination was reported by 22 percent (n=29), mostly from classmates and clinical faculty. The majority (87 percent) reported their cultural competence program was "effective" and agreed that faculty (83 percent), staff (85 percent), and students (75 percent) were culturally competent. Overall, the students were "satisfied" with how they were treated (88 percent), their education (91 percent), and the services/resources (92 percent). This information is being used to continue to improve the school's cultural climate and to conduct a broader assessment of all students.

Sodium Hypochlorite Versus Formocresol and Ferric Sulfate Pulpotomies in Primary Molars: 18-month Follow-up.

PubMed

Farsi, Deema J; El-Khodary, Heba M; Farsi, Najat M; El Ashiry, Eman A; Yagmoor, Mohammed A; Alzain, Soha M

2015-01-01

This study's purpose was to compare the clinical and radiographic success rates of 5.25 percent Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) pulpotomies to Formocresol (FC) and Ferric Sulfate (FS) in decayed primary molars. Eighty-one primary molars, randomly divided into three groups, were treated with one of three different pulpotomy materials; NaOCl, FC and FS. The outcomes of the different groups were assessed clinically and radiographically every six months over 18 months. Chi-square test was used to detect differences in outcome measures in all groups. At six months, clinical and radiographic success rates were 100 percent for each group (27/27). At 12 months, clinical success was 100 percent (24/24), 96 percent (24/25), and 95.7 percent (22/23) for NaOCl, FC, and FS respectively. The radiographic success was 95.8 percent (23/24) for NaOCl group, and 100 percent for FC (25/25), and FS (23/23). At 18 months, the clinical success was 83.3 percent (20/24), 96 percent (24/25), and 87 percent (20/23) for NaOCL, FC, and FS respectively. The 18 month radiographic success was 91.7 percent (22/24), 100 percent (25/25), and 95.7 percent (22/23) for NaOCl, FC, and FS respectively. No significant differences were found in clinical or radiographic outcomes between the three groups at six, 12 and 18 months. The three pulpotomy medicaments yielded similar outcomes.

National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: terrorism preparedness among office-based physicians, United States, 2003-2004.

PubMed

Niska, Richard W; Burt, Catharine W

2007-07-24

This investigation describes terrorism preparedness among U.S. office-based physicians and their staffs in identification and diagnosis of terrorism-related conditions, training methods and sources, and assistance with diagnosis and reporting. The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) is an annual national probability survey of approximately 3,000 U.S. nonfederal, office-based physicians. Terrorism preparedness items were added in 2003 and 2004. About 40 percent of physicians or their staffs received training for anthrax or smallpox, but less than one-third received training for any of the other exposures. About 42.2 percent of physicians, 13.5 percent of nurses, and 9.4 percent of physician assistants and nurse practitioners received training in at least one exposure. Approximately 56.2 percent of physicians indicated that they would contact state or local public health officials for diagnostic assistance more frequently than federal agencies and other sources. About 67.1 percent of physicians indicated that they would report a suspected terrorism-related condition to the state or local health department, 50.9 percent to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 27.5 percent to the local hospital, and 1.8 percent to a local elected official's office. Approximately 78.8 percent of physicians had contact information for the local health department readily available. About 53.7 percent had reviewed the diseases reportable to health departments since September 2001, 11.3 percent had reviewed them before that month, and 35 percent had never reviewed them.

Allowable exposure limits for carbon dioxide during extravehicular activity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Seter, Andrew J.

1993-01-01

The intent was to review the research pertaining to human exposure to carbon dioxide (CO2) and to recommend allowable exposure limits for extravehicular activity (EVA). Respiratory, renal, and gastrointestinal systems may be adversely affected by chronic low dose CO2 exposure. Ventilation was increased 15 percent with 1 percent CO2 and 50 percent with 2 percent CO2. Chronic exposure to less than 2 percent CO2 led to 20 day cycles of uncompensated and compensated respiratory acidosis. Acid-base changes were small. Histopathologic changes in guinea pig lungs have been noted with long term exposure to 1 percent CO2. No changes were seen with exposure to 0.5 percent CO2. Cycling of bone calcium stores with associated changes in blood and urinary calcium levels occurs with long term CO2 exposure. Histologic changes in bone have been noted in guinea pigs exposed to 1 percent CO2. Renal calcification has been noted in guinea pigs with exposure to as low as 0.5 percent CO2. An increase in gastric acidity was noted in subjects with long term exposure to 1 percent CO2. Cardiovascular and neurologic function were largely unaffected. A decrease in the incidence of respiratory, renal, and gastrointestinal disease was noted in submariners coincident with a decrease in ambient CO2 from 1.2 percent to 0.8-0.9 percent. Oxygen (O2) and CO2 stimulate respiration independently and cumulatively. The addition of CO2 to high dose O2 led to the faster onset of seizure activity in mice. Experiments evaluating the physiologic responses to intermittent, repetitive exposures to low dose CO2 and 100 percent O2 mixtures should be performed. A reduction in the current NASA standard for CO2 exposure during EVA of 1 percent (7.6 mmHg) for nominal and 2 percent (15.2 mmHg) for heavy exertion to 0.5 percent (3.8 mmHg) for nominal and 1 percent (7.6 mmHg) for heavy exertion may be prudent. At a minimum, the current NASA standard should not be liberalized.

Increasing condom use and declining STI prevalence in high-risk MSM and TGs: evaluation of a large-scale prevention program in Tamil Nadu, India.

PubMed

Subramanian, Thilakavathi; Ramakrishnan, Lakshmi; Aridoss, Santhakumar; Goswami, Prabuddhagopal; Kanguswami, Boopathi; Shajan, Mathew; Adhikary, Rajat; Purushothaman, Girish Kumar Chethrapilly; Ramamoorthy, Senthil Kumar; Chinnaswamy, Eswaramurthy; Veeramani, Ilaya Bharathy; Paranjape, Ramesh Shivram

2013-09-17

This paper presents an evaluation of Avahan, a large scale HIV prevention program that was implemented using peer-mediated strategies, condom distribution and sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinical services among high-risk men who have sex with men (HR-MSM) and male to female transgender persons (TGs) in six high-prevalence state of Tamil Nadu, in southern India. Two rounds of large scale cross-sectional bio-behavioural surveys among HR-MSM and TGs and routine program monitoring data were used to assess changes in program coverage, condom use and prevalence of STIs (including HIV) and their association to program exposure. The Avahan program for HR-MSM and TGs in Tamil Nadu was significantly scaled up and contacts by peer educators reached 77 percent of the estimated denominator by the end of the program's fourth year. Exposure to the program increased between the two rounds of surveys for both HR-MSM (from 66 percent to 90 percent; AOR = 4.6; p < 0.001) and TGs (from 74.5 percent to 83 percent; AOR = 1.82; p < 0.06). There was an increase in consistent condom use by HR-MSM with their regular male partners (from 33 percent to 46 percent; AOR = 1.9; p < 0.01). Last time condom use with paying male partners (up from 81 percent to 94 percent; AOR = 3.6; p < 0.001) also showed an increase. Among TGs, the increase in condom use with casual male partners (18 percent to 52 percent; AOR = 1.8; p < 0.27) was not significant, and last time condom use declined significantly with paying male partners (93 percent to 80 percent; AOR = 0.32; p < 0.015). Syphilis declined significantly among both HR-MSM (14.3 percent to 6.8 percent; AOR = 0.37; p < 0.001) and TGs (16.6 percent to 4.2 percent; AOR = 0.34; p < 0.012), while change in HIV prevalence was not found to be significant for HR-MSM (9.7 percent to 10.9 percent) and TGs (12 percent to 9.8 percent). For both groups, change in condom use with commercial and non-commercial partners was found to be strongly linked with exposure to the Avahan program. The Avahan program for HR-MSM and TGs in Tamil Nadu achieved a high coverage, resulting in improved condom use by HR-MSM with their regular and commercial male partners. Declining STI prevalence and stable HIV prevalence reflect the positive effects of the prevention strategy. Outcomes from the program logic model indiacte the effectiveness of the program for HR-MSM and TGs in Tamil Nadu.

Ground-water flow simulation and chemical and isotopic mixing equation analysis to determine source contributions to the Missouri River alluvial aquifer in the vicinity of the Independence, Missouri, well field

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kelly, Brian P.

2002-01-01

The city of Independence, Missouri, operates a well field in the Missouri River alluvial aquifer. Steady-state ground-water flow simulation, particle tracking, and the use of chemical and isotopic composition of river water, ground water, and well-field pumpage in a two-component mixing equation were used to determine the source contributions of induced inflow from the Missouri River and recharge to ground water from precipitation in well-field pumpage. Steady-state flow-budget analysis for the simulation-defined zone of contribution to the Independence well field indicates that 86.7 percent of well-field pumpage is from induced inflow from the river, and 6.7 percent is from ground-water recharge from precipitation. The 6.6 percent of flow from outside the simulation-defined zone of contribution is a measure of the uncertainty of the estimation, and occurs because model cells are too large to uniquely define the actual zone of contribution. Flow-budget calculations indicate that the largest source of water to most wells is the Missouri River. Particle-tracking techniques indicate that the Missouri River supplies 82.3 percent of the water to the Independence well field, ground-water recharge from precipitation supplies 9.7 percent, and flow from outside defined zones of contribution supplies 8.0 percent. Particle tracking was used to determine the relative amounts of source water to total well-field pumpage as a function of traveltime from the source. Well-field pumpage that traveled 1 year or less from the source was 8.8 percent, with 0.6 percent from the Missouri River, none from precipitation, and 8.2 percent between starting cells. Well-field pumpage that traveled 2 years or less from the source was 10.3 percent, with 1.8 percent from the Missouri River, 0.2 percent from precipitation, and 8.3 percent between starting cells. Well-field pumpage that traveled 5 years or less from the source was 36.5 percent, with 27.1 percent from the Missouri River, 1.1 percent from precipitation, and 8.3 percent between starting cells. Well-field pumpage that traveled 10 years or less from the source was 42.7 percent, with 32.6 percent from the Missouri River, 1.8 percent from precipitation, and 8.3 percent between starting cells. Well-field pumpage that traveled 25 years or less from the source was 71.9 percent, with 58.9 percent from the Missouri River, 4.7 percent from precipitation, and 8.3 percent between starting cells. Results of chemical (calcium, sodium, iron, and fluoride) and isotopic (oxygen and hydrogen) analyses of water samples collected from the Missouri River, selected monitoring wells around the Independence well field, and combined well-field pumpage were used in a two component mixing equation to estimate the relative amount of Missouri River water in total well-field pumpage. The relative amounts of induced inflow from the Missouri River in well-field pumpage ranged from 49 percent for sodium to 80 percent for calcium, and sensitivities ranged from 0 percent for iron to plus or minus 35 percent for naturally occurring stable isotope (18O). The average of all mixing equation results indicated that 61 percent of well-field pumpage was from induced inflow from the Missouri River. All methods used in the study indicate that more than one-half of the water in well-field pumpage was inflow from the Missouri River. River inflow estimates from ground-water simulation methods are larger and error values are smaller than those using chemical and isotopic data in the mixing equation, although substantial uncertainties exist for both estimation methods. Because of the complex hydrology of the aquifer near the Independence well field, the source estimates using particle tracking probably are the most reliable of the ground-water simulation methods. Mixing equation results are less reliable than those of the ground-water simulation for this study. However, more reliable results can be obtained from the mixing equatio

Outpatient care programs of mental health organizations, United States, 1988.

PubMed

Redick, R W; Witkin, M J; Atay, J E; Manderscheid, R W

1991-09-01

In 1988, 2,989 (60 percent) of the 4,961 mental health organizations in the United States (including the territories) offered outpatient care programs. A total of 5.8 million patient care episodes were generated by these organized outpatient programs. These episodes included 3.1 million outpatient additions, produced 54 million outpatient visits, and represented 67 percent of all patient care episodes in mental health organizations in 1988. Although the number of mental health organizations with outpatient care programs increased by less than one percent between 1986 and 1988, the number of outpatient additions showed an 11 percent gain during this period. Multiservice mental health organizations were the primary locus of outpatient care in 1988, accounting for 41 percent of the 2,989 mental health organizations providing this care. Ranking next in this respect, were free-standing psychiatric outpatient clinics, and the separate psychiatric outpatient services in non-Federal general hospitals, with 25 and 16 percent, respectively, of the total outpatient care programs. In general, these three organization types had similar rankings with respect to the volume of the outpatient caseload. By definition, all of the freestanding psychiatric outpatient clinics provided outpatient care, and almost all of the VA mental health programs and multiservice mental health organizations also offered this care (99 and 92 percent, respectively). In contrast, psychiatric outpatient care was available in only 37 percent of non-Federal general hospitals with separate psychiatric services, 36 percent of private psychiatric hospitals, 29 percent of State mental hospitals, and 22 percent of RTCs for emotionally disturbed children. Outpatient care was available in mental health organizations in all States in 1988, with every State having at least two or more organization types providing this service. In general, the most populous States had the largest number and the greatest variety of mental health organizations with outpatient care programs. Of the 2.87 million clients receiving outpatient care in mental health organizations at the end of 1988, 23 percent were under 18 years of age, 68 percent were 18 to 64, and 9 percent were 65 and older. Male outpatient clients slightly outnumbered female clients. The majority (77 percent) of the outpatient clients were white, with blacks representing 21 percent; native Americans and Asians/Pacific Islanders, the remaining two percent. Eleven percent of the total client population were reported to be of Hispanic origin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

QUALITY OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT REPORTS PREPARED FOR THE MEDICAL SERVICES ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

PubMed

Hua, Martin; Boonstra, Tristan; Kelly, Patrick J; Wilson, Andrew; Craig, Jonathan C; Webster, Angela C

2016-01-01

The Medical Services Advisory Committee (MSAC) makes recommendations to the Australian Government for funding health technologies under the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS). Differences in public, clinical, commercial, and political opinions on health expenditure emphasize the importance of defensible funding decisions. We aimed to evaluate the quality of health technology assessment (HTA) reports over time and among health technologies assessed for MSAC. A cohort study was performed of HTA reports prepared for MSAC between 1998 and 2013. We measured the quality of HTA reports using reporting guidelines proposed by the European Collaboration for Assessment of Health Interventions. Individual component scores across eleven domains were calculated, and summed for an overall aggregate score. We used linear regression to investigate any change in quality over time and among the types of technologies assessed. We included 110 HTA reports. The safety (80 percent), effectiveness (84 percent), economic (74 percent), and organizational (99 percent) domains were better reported than the psychological, social, and ethical considerations (34 percent). The basic (75 percent), methodological (62 percent), background (82 percent), contextual (46 percent), status quo (54 percent), and technical information (66 percent) that framed each assessment were inconsistently reported. On average, overall quality scores increased by 2 percent (p < 0.001) per year, from approximately 60 percent to 80 percent over the 15-year period, with no significant difference among surgical, diagnostic or other nonpharmaceutical health technologies (p = 0.22). HTA reports prepared for MSAC are a key tool in allocating scarce health resources. The overall quality of these reports has improved, but the reporting of specific domains and subthemes therein could be better addressed.

Levofloxacin to prevent bacterial infection in patients with cancer and neutropenia.

PubMed

Bucaneve, Giampaolo; Micozzi, Alessandra; Menichetti, Francesco; Martino, Pietro; Dionisi, M Stella; Martinelli, Giovanni; Allione, Bernardino; D'Antonio, Domenico; Buelli, Maurizio; Nosari, A Maria; Cilloni, Daniela; Zuffa, Eliana; Cantaffa, Renato; Specchia, Giorgina; Amadori, Sergio; Fabbiano, Francesco; Deliliers, Giorgio Lambertenghi; Lauria, Francesco; Foà, Robin; Del Favero, Albano

2005-09-08

The prophylactic use of fluoroquinolones in patients with cancer and neutropenia is controversial and is not a recommended intervention. We randomly assigned 760 consecutive adult patients with cancer in whom chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (<1000 neutrophils per cubic millimeter) was expected to occur for more than seven days to receive either oral levofloxacin (500 mg daily) or placebo from the start of chemotherapy until the resolution of neutropenia. Patients were stratified according to their underlying disease (acute leukemia vs. solid tumor or lymphoma). An intention-to-treat analysis showed that fever was present for the duration of neutropenia in 65 percent of patients who received levofloxacin prophylaxis, as compared with 85 percent of those receiving placebo (243 of 375 vs. 308 of 363; relative risk, 0.76; absolute difference in risk, -20 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, -26 to -14 percent; P=0.001). The levofloxacin group had a lower rate of microbiologically documented infections (absolute difference in risk, -17 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, -24 to -10 percent; P<0.001), bacteremias (difference in risk, -16 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, -22 to -9 percent; P<0.001), and single-agent gram-negative bacteremias (difference in risk, -7 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, -10 to -2 percent; P<0.01) than did the placebo group. Mortality and tolerability were similar in the two groups. The effects of prophylaxis were also similar between patients with acute leukemia and those with solid tumors or lymphoma. Prophylactic treatment with levofloxacin is an effective and well-tolerated way of preventing febrile episodes and other relevant infection-related outcomes in patients with cancer and profound and protracted neutropenia. The long-term effect of this intervention on microbial resistance in the community is not known. Copyright 2005 Massachusetts Medical Society.

Brazilian dentists' attitudes about medical emergencies during dental treatment.

PubMed

Arsati, Franco; Montalli, Victor Angelo; Flório, Flavia Martão; Ramacciato, Juliana Cama; da Cunha, Fernanda Lopes; Cecanho, Rodrigo; de Andrade, Eduardo Dias; Motta, Rogério Heládio Lopes

2010-06-01

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of emergencies in dental practices and the prepared-ness and the training experience in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) of Brazilian dentists in dealing with emergencies. The volunteer participants in the study were 498 Brazilian dentists who were present at the 27th International Congress of Dentistry in São Paulo. The most prevalent emergency was presyncope (reported by 54.20 percent of respondents), followed by orthostatic hypotension (44.37 percent), moderate allergic reactions (16.86 percent), hypertensive crisis (15.06 percent), asthma (15.06 percent), syncope (12.65 percent), angina (6.82 percent), convulsion (6.22 percent), hypoglycemia (5.62 percent), hyperventilation crisis (5.22 percent), choking (2.20 percent), and cerebrovascular accident (0.8 percent). Anaphylaxis, myocardial infarction, and cardiac arrest were the rarest emergencies, reported by only 0.4, 0.2, and 0.2 percent of dentists, respectively. Only 41 percent of the dentists judged themselves capable to diagnose the cause of an emergency during a dental visit. The majority responded that they would be capable of performing initial treatment of presyncope, syncope, orthostatic hypotension, convulsion, and choking. However, most of them felt unable to treat anaphylaxis, myocardial infarction, or cardiac arrest. Further, the majority felt unable to perform CPR or undertake an intravenous injection. It was concluded that the most prevalent medical emergencies in dental practice of Brazilian dentists are presyncope and orthostatic hypotension. The occurrence of life-threatening medical emergencies like anaphylaxis, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, and cerebrovascular accident is rare. Brazilian dentists are not fully prepared to manage medical emergencies and have insufficient experience training in CPR.

Deciphering the Sensitivity and Specificity of the Implantable Doppler Probe in Free Flap Monitoring.

PubMed

Chang, Edward I; Ibrahim, Amir; Zhang, Hong; Liu, Jun; Nguyen, Alexander T; Reece, Gregory P; Yu, Peirong

2016-03-01

The efficacy of implantable Doppler probes remains an area of considerable debate. This study aims to decipher its sensitivity and specificity for free flap monitoring. A retrospective review of all free flaps with an implantable Doppler probe was performed between 2000 and 2012. A Cook-Swartz implantable Doppler probe was used in 439 patients (head and neck, n = 364; breast, n = 53; extremity, n = 22), and demonstrated equivalent sensitivity and specificity between flap types. The overall sensitivity and specificity were 77.8 percent and 88.4 percent, respectively. The artery was monitored in 267 patients, compared to venous monitoring in 101 patients, and in 71 patients both the artery and vein were monitored. Arterial monitoring had significantly greater specificity than venous monitoring, (94.2 percent versus 74.0 percent; p < 0.001), but no benefit was found in monitoring both the artery and the vein. Venous monitoring was significantly associated with reoperation (OR, 3.17; 95 percent CI, 1.70 to 5.91; p = 0.0003). There were 284 flaps that had a monitoring segment in addition to the implantable Doppler probe that significantly increased overall specificity for microvascular complications (OR, 17.71; 95 percent CI, 3.39 to 92.23; p = 0.0006). The specificity (90.5 percent versus 84.8 percent) and sensitivity (80.0 percent versus 66.7 percent) were significantly higher for clinically monitored flaps. The take-back rate was 13.0 percent, with positive findings in 59.6 percent, and 5.2 percent total flap loss. The use of implantable Doppler probes has high sensitivity and specificity for buried free flaps despite positive findings in less than 60 percent of take-backs. Monitoring the artery is recommended, but clinical examination remains the gold standard for flap monitoring. Diagnostic, IV.

Environmental Assessment of Proposed Upgrades to Military Family Housing, Phase I

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-03-01

contributions to the economic, ecological , recreational, and human health of a community or locale. Stormwater flows, which are increased by high proportions...positive at least once include the following: • Metal beams or columns (87 percent positive results) • Wood beams or columns (24 percent) • Wood ...cabinet doors (4 percent) • Wood ceiling (ə percent) • Varnished wood closet door (ə percent) • Wood door frames (ə percent) • Interior metal door

An overview of the small engine component technology (SECT) studies. [commuter, rotorcraft, cruise missile and auxiliary power applications in year 2000

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vanco, M. R.; Wintucky, W. T.; Niedwiecki, R. W.

1986-01-01

The objectives of the joint NASA/Army SECT studies were to identify high payoff technologies for year 2000 small gas turbine engine applications and to provide a technology plan for guiding future research and technology efforts applicable to rotorcraft, commuter and general aviation aircraft and cruise missiles. Competitive contracts were awarded to Allison, AVCO Lycoming, Garrett, Teledyne CAE and Williams International. This paper presents an overview of the contractors' study efforts for the commuter, rotorcraft, cruise missile, and auxiliary power (APU) applications with engines in the 250 to 1,000 horsepower size range. Reference aircraft, missions and engines were selected. Advanced engine configurations and cycles with projected year 2000 component technologies were evaluated and compared with a reference engine selected by the contractor. For typical commuter and rotorcraft applications, fuel savings of 22 percent to 42 percent can be attained. For $1/gallon and $2/gallon fuel, reductions in direct operating cost range from 6 percent to 16 percent and from 11 percent to 17 percent respectively. For subsonic strategic cruise missile applications, fuel savings of 38 percent to 54 percent can be achieved which allows 35 percent to 60 percent increase in mission range and life cycle cost reductions of 40 percent to 56 percent. High payoff technologies have been identified for all applications.

[Patient complaints in a hospital emergency department in Belgium].

PubMed

Ngongo, B Tchuyap; Carlier, A; Mols, P

2011-04-01

Patients express their dissatisfaction through complaints. This study analyzed the frequency and chief complaints of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED). The end point was find ways to improve patient satisfaction after their ED visit. In this retrospective, seven years study, we reviewed 155 chief complaints of patients presenting to the ED of a university hospital. The chief complaints were either from the patients or a family member. One hundred and fifty five chief complaints collected from 496.816 patients presenting to the ED were reviewed over a period of seven years. Complaints case rate was 3.1 per 10.000 visits. Complaints came from patients between the age of 20 to 60 years old (75.0 percent). Complains involved a physician (79.0 percent). The complaints were related a lack of communication (39.0 percent), long waiting time (14.0 percent), wrong diagnosis (22.0 percent), wrong treatment (13.0 percent) and ED disposition of the patient (12.0 percent). Two types of pathology represented more than 15 percent of the complaints: the traumatology (22.0 percent) and the psychiatry (17.0 percent). The traumatology and psychiatry represented respectively 30.0 percent and 10.0 percent of ED visits. Most complaints were addressed and resolved through a hospital mediator, Chief of service or Chief of staff. The rate of complains is low. Most complaints can be prevented if the physician improves communication with patients.

Cross-national comparison of technology assessment processes.

PubMed

García-Altés, Anna; Ondategui-Parra, Silvia; Neumann, Peter J

2004-01-01

To compare methods and results among four health technology assessment organizations in different countries. All assessment reports published between 1999 and 2001 by VATAP (United States), NICE (United Kingdom), CCOHTA (Canada), and AETS (Spain), were reviewed. Detailed information about the organization, the technology assessed, the methods used, and the recommendations made were collected. A descriptive analysis of the variables, as well as comparisons of means and proportions, was performed. Sixty-one reports assessing seventy-six technologies were published: nine (11.8 percent) by VATAP, thirty-nine (51.3 percent) by NICE, twenty (26.3 percent) by CCOHTA, and eight (10.5 percent) by AETS. A total of 64.5 percent of the technologies assessed were related to a high prevalence disease in the corresponding country. Most of the assessments addressed treatments (73.7 percent) and were mostly drugs (56.6 percent) and devices (23.7 percent). Most organizations used reviews of effectiveness and economic evaluations (64.5 percent), systematic reviews (21.1 percent), and original economic evaluations (36.7 percent). In 38.1 percent, the technology was recommended; the rest of the cases had no formal recommendations. Critical issues for future technology assessment efforts are making assessment processes more consistent, transparent, and evidence-based; formalizing the inclusion of economic and ethical considerations; and making more explicit the prioritization process for selecting technologies for assessment and reassessment.

Trends of breast cancer treatment in Sabah, Malaysia: a problem with lack of awareness.

PubMed

Leong, B D K; Chuah, J A; Kumar, V M; Rohamini, S; Siti, Z S; Yip, C H

2009-08-01

Sabah, formerly known as North Borneo, is part of East Malaysia. 52.2 percent of patients with breast cancer in Sabah presented at advanced stages and up to 20.4 percent of patients defaulted proper treatment, opting for traditional therapy. We performed a two-year prospective study looking at the treatment trends of breast cancer in Sabah. Our subjects were all newly-diagnosed breast cancer cases seen at the hospital in 2005 and 2006. Type of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy and surgical complication for each patient were studied. Out of 186 newly-diagnosed cases, 152 (81.7 percent) had surgery, 126 (67.7 percent) had chemotherapy, 118 (63.4 percent) had radiotherapy and 92 (49.5 percent) had hormonal therapy. 18.3 percent did not have surgery either due to refusal of treatment or advanced disease. They were more likely to be non-Chinese (91.1 percent, p-value is 0.02). Only 15.8 percent had breast-conserving surgery. The most frequent surgical complication was seroma formation (15.0 percent) . The commonest chemotherapy regime and hormonal therapy were anthracycline-based regime (88.1 percent) and tamoxifen (95.8 percent), respectively. The proportion of breast-conserving surgery and usage of modern adjuvant therapies are low in Sabah. This can be attributed to lack of breast cancer awareness leading to late presentation and refusal of treatment, coupled with insufficient health service funding.

21 CFR 186.1551 - Hydrogenated fish oil.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... (reapproved 1973) or equivalent. The product has an approximate fatty acid composition of 30 to 45 percent saturated fatty acids, 40 to 55 percent monoenoic fatty acids, 7 to 15 percent dienoic fatty acids, 3 to 10 percent trienoic fatty acids, and less than 2 percent tetraenoic or higher polyenoic fatty acids. The...

21 CFR 558.635 - Virginiamycin.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... activity (5 grams per pound), 2.2 percent activity (10 grams per pound), 4.4 percent activity (20 grams per pound), 11 percent activity (50 grams per pound), and 50 percent activity (227 grams per pound) used as in paragraph (d) of this section; and 30 percent activity (136.2 grams per pound) for the manufacture...

21 CFR 558.635 - Virginiamycin.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... activity (5 grams per pound), 2.2 percent activity (10 grams per pound), 4.4 percent activity (20 grams per pound), 11 percent activity (50 grams per pound), and 50 percent activity (227 grams per pound) used as in paragraph (d) of this section; and 30 percent activity (136.2 grams per pound) for the manufacture...

21 CFR 558.575 - Sulfadimethoxine, ormetoprim.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

.... Sulfadimethoxine, 113.5 grams (0.0125 percent) plus ormetoprim, 68.1 grams (0.0075 percent). (a) Indications for...) Amount per ton. Sulfadimethoxine, 113.5 grams (0.0125 percent) plus ormetoprim, 68.1 grams (0.0075 percent) plus roxarsone, 22.7 grams (0.0025 percent). (a) Indications for use. As an aid in the prevention...

21 CFR 558.635 - Virginiamycin.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... activity (5 grams per pound), 2.2 percent activity (10 grams per pound), 4.4 percent activity (20 grams per pound), 11 percent activity (50 grams per pound), and 50 percent activity (227 grams per pound) used as in paragraph (d) of this section; and 30 percent activity (136.2 grams per pound) for the manufacture...

21 CFR 558.635 - Virginiamycin.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... activity (5 grams per pound), 2.2 percent activity (10 grams per pound), 4.4 percent activity (20 grams per pound), 11 percent activity (50 grams per pound), and 50 percent activity (227 grams per pound) used as in paragraph (d) of this section; and 30 percent activity (136.2 grams per pound) for the manufacture...

21 CFR 558.635 - Virginiamycin.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... activity (5 grams per pound), 2.2 percent activity (10 grams per pound), 4.4 percent activity (20 grams per pound), 11 percent activity (50 grams per pound), and 50 percent activity (227 grams per pound) used as in paragraph (d) of this section; and 30 percent activity (136.2 grams per pound) for the manufacture...

21 CFR 558.575 - Sulfadimethoxine, ormetoprim.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

.... Sulfadimethoxine, 113.5 grams (0.0125 percent) plus ormetoprim, 68.1 grams (0.0075 percent). (a) Indications for...) Amount per ton. Sulfadimethoxine, 113.5 grams (0.0125 percent) plus ormetoprim, 68.1 grams (0.0075 percent) plus roxarsone, 22.7 grams (0.0025 percent). (a) Indications for use. As an aid in the prevention...

21 CFR 558.575 - Sulfadimethoxine, ormetoprim.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

.... Sulfadimethoxine, 113.5 grams (0.0125 percent) plus ormetoprim, 68.1 grams (0.0075 percent). (a) Indications for...) Amount per ton. Sulfadimethoxine, 113.5 grams (0.0125 percent) plus ormetoprim, 68.1 grams (0.0075 percent) plus roxarsone, 22.7 grams (0.0025 percent). (a) Indications for use. As an aid in the prevention...

21 CFR 558.575 - Sulfadimethoxine, ormetoprim.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

.... Sulfadimethoxine, 113.5 grams (0.0125 percent) plus ormetoprim, 68.1 grams (0.0075 percent). (a) Indications for...) Amount per ton. Sulfadimethoxine, 113.5 grams (0.0125 percent) plus ormetoprim, 68.1 grams (0.0075 percent) plus roxarsone, 22.7 grams (0.0025 percent). (a) Indications for use. As an aid in the prevention...

31 CFR 363.144 - Can I redeem my zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Can I redeem my zero-percent... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.144 Can I redeem my zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? You can redeem...

31 CFR 363.144 - Can I redeem my zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Can I redeem my zero-percent... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.144 Can I redeem my zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? You can redeem...

31 CFR 363.144 - Can I redeem my zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Can I redeem my zero-percent... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.144 Can I redeem my zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? You can redeem...

Association of Selected Risk Factors with Variation in Child and Adolescent Firearm Mortality by State

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murnan, Judy; Dake, Joseph A.; Price, James H.

2004-01-01

This study examined relationships between variation in child and adolescent firearm mortality by state and the following variables: childhood poverty rate, percent single parent families, percent population that is African American, percent population that is Hispanic. percent students carrying a gun, percent students carrying a weapon, percent…

Ground-water resources and geology of Columbia County, Wisconsin

USGS Publications Warehouse

Harr, C.A.; Trotta, L.C.; Borman, Ronald G.

1978-01-01

About 5.0 million gallons per day of water was pumped in the county in 1974, 90 percent from the sandstone aQuifer. About 45 percent of the total water pumped was for industrial and commercial purposes~ 37 percent was for residential use, 16 percent for municipal use, and 2 percent for irrigation.

TOP500 Sublist for November 2001

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Strohmaier, Erich; Meuer, Hans W.; Dongarra, Jack J.

2001-11-09

18th Edition of TOP500 List of World's Fastest Supercomputers Released MANNHEIM, GERMANY; KNOXVILLE, TENN.; BERKELEY, CALIF. In what has become a much-anticipated event in the world of high-performance computing, the 18th edition of the TOP500 list of the world's fastest supercomputers was released today (November 9, 2001). The latest edition of the twice-yearly ranking finds IBM as the leader in the field, with 32 percent in terms of installed systems and 37 percent in terms of total performance of all the installed systems. In a surprise move Hewlett-Packard captured the second place with 30 percent of the systems. Most ofmore » these systems are smaller in size and as a consequence HP's share of installed performance is smaller with 15 percent. This is still enough for second place in this category. SGI, Cray and Sun follow in the number of TOP500 systems with 41 (8 percent), 39 (8 percent), and 31 (6 percent) respectively. In the category of installed performance Cray Inc. keeps the third position with 11 percent ahead of SGI (8 percent) and Compaq (8 percent).« less

The "gender gap" in authorship of academic medical literature--a 35-year perspective.

PubMed

Jagsi, Reshma; Guancial, Elizabeth A; Worobey, Cynthia Cooper; Henault, Lori E; Chang, Yuchiao; Starr, Rebecca; Tarbell, Nancy J; Hylek, Elaine M

2006-07-20

Participation of women in the medical profession has increased during the past four decades, but issues of concern persist regarding disparities between the sexes in academic medicine. Advancement is largely driven by peer-reviewed original research, so we sought to determine the representation of female physician-investigators among the authors of selected publications during the past 35 years. Original articles from six prominent medical journals--the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), the Annals of Internal Medicine (Ann Intern Med), the Annals of Surgery (Ann Surg), Obstetrics & Gynecology (Obstet Gynecol), and the Journal of Pediatrics (J Pediatr)--were categorized according to the sex of both the first and the senior (last listed) author. Sex was also determined for the authors of guest editorials in NEJM and JAMA. Data were collected for the years 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2004. The analysis was restricted to authors from U.S. institutions holding M.D. degrees. The sex was determined for 98.5 percent of the 7249 U.S. authors of original research with M.D. degrees. The proportion of first authors who were women increased from 5.9 percent in 1970 to 29.3 percent in 2004 (P<0.001), and the proportion of senior authors who were women increased from 3.7 percent to 19.3 percent (P<0.001) during the same period. The proportion of authors who were women increased most sharply in Obstet Gynecol (from 6.7 percent of first authors and 6.8 percent of senior authors in 1970 to 40.7 percent of first authors and 28.0 percent of senior authors in 2004) and J Pediatr (from 15.0 percent of first authors and 4.3 percent of senior authors in 1970 to 38.9 percent of first authors and 38.0 percent of senior authors in 2004) and remained low in Ann Surg (from 2.3 percent of first authors and 0.7 percent of senior authors in 1970 to 16.7 percent of first authors and 6.7 percent of senior authors in 2004). In 2004, 11.4 percent of the authors of guest editorials in NEJM and 18.8 percent of the authors of guest editorials in JAMA were women. Over the past four decades, the proportion of women among both first and senior physician-authors of original research in the United States has significantly increased. Nevertheless, women still compose a minority of the authors of original research and guest editorials in the journals studied. Copyright 2006 Massachusetts Medical Society.

Slurry-pressing consolidation of silicon nitride

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sanders, William A.; Kiser, James D.; Freedman, Marc R.

1988-01-01

A baseline slurry-pressing method for a silicon nitride material is developed. The Si3N4 composition contained 5.8 wt percent SiO2 and 6.4 wt percent Y2O3. Slurry-pressing variables included volume percent solids, application of ultrasonic energy, and pH. Twenty vol percent slurry-pressed material was approximately 11 percent stronger than both 30 vol percent slurry-pressed and dry-pressed materials. The Student's t-test showed the difference to be significant at the 99 percent confidence level. Twenty volume percent (300 h) slurry-pressed test bars exhibited strengths as high as 980 MPa. Large, columnar beta-Si3N4 grains caused failure in the highest strength specimens. The improved strength correlated with better structural uniformity as determined by radiography, optical microscopy, and image analysis.

Behavior and passage of juvenile salmonids during the evaluation of a behavioral guidance structure at Cowlitz Falls Dam, Washington, 2011

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kock, Tobias J.; Liedtke, Theresa L.; Ekstrom, Brian K.; Tomka, Ryan G.; Rondorf, Dennis W.

2012-01-01

Turbine passage was the most common passage route for tagged fish at Cowlitz Falls Dam during 2011. We found that 40 percent of the steelhead, 52 percent of the coho salmon, and 33 percent of the Chinook salmon passed through turbines. An additional 22 percent of the steelhead and 32 percent of the coho salmon passed through turbines or spillways when both passage routes were available. Fish collection numbers were relatively low during 2011 compared to long-term averages. In total, 37 percent of the steelhead, 14 percent of the coho salmon, and 23 percent of the Chinook salmon that entered the forebay were collected, primarily through collection flumes. The FSC collected a single radio-tagged fish (a Chinook salmon) in 2011.

The 2009 Retirement Confidence Survey: economy drives confidence to record lows; many looking to work longer.

PubMed

Helman, Ruth; Copeland, Craig; VanDerhei, Jack

2009-04-01

RECORD LOW CONFIDENCE LEVELS: Workers who say they are very confident about having enough money for a comfortable retirement this year hit the lowest level in 2009 (13 percent) since the Retirement Confidence Survey started asking the question in 1993, continuing a two-year decline. Retirees also posted a new low in confidence about having a financially secure retirement, with only 20 percent now saying they are very confident (down from 41 percent in 2007). THE ECONOMY, INFLATION, COST OF LIVING ARE THE BIG CONCERNS: Not surprisingly, workers overall who have lost confidence over the past year about affording a comfortable retirement most often cite the recent economic uncertainty, inflation, and the cost of living as primary factors. In addition, certain negative experiences, such as job loss or a pay cut, loss of retirement savings, or an increase in debt, almost always contribute to loss of confidence among those who experience them. RETIREMENT EXPECTATIONS DELAYED: Workers apparently expect to work longer because of the economic downturn: 28 percent of workers in the 2009 RCS say the age at which they expect to retire has changed in the past year. Of those, the vast majority (89 percent) say that they have postponed retirement with the intention of increasing their financial security. Nevertheless, the median (mid-point) worker expects to retire at age 65, with 21 percent planning to push on into their 70s. The median retiree actually retired at age 62, and 47 percent of retirees say they retired sooner than planned. WORKING IN RETIREMENT: More workers are also planning to supplement their income in retirement by working for pay. The percentage of workers planning to work after they retire has increased to 72 percent in 2009 (up from 66 percent in 2007). This compares with 34 percent of retirees who report they actually worked for pay at some time during their retirement. GREATER WORRY ABOUT BASIC AND HEALTH EXPENSES: Workers who say they very confident in having enough money to take care of basic expenses in retirement dropped to 25 percent in 2009 (down from 40 percent in 2007), while only 13 percent feel very confident about having enough to pay for medical expenses (down from 20 percent in 2007. Among retirees, only a quarter (25 percent, down from 41 percent in 2007) feel very confident about covering their health expenses. HOW WORKERS ARE RESPONDING: Among workers who have lost confidence in their ability to secure a comfortable retirement, most (81 percent) say they have reduced their expenses, while others are changing the way they invest their money (43 percent), working more hours or a second job (38 percent), saving more money (25 percent), and seeking advice from a financial professional (25 percent). Among all workers, 75 percent say they and/or their spouse have saved money for retirement, one of the highest levels ever measured by the RCS. IGNORANCE STILL A MAJOR FACTOR: Many workers still do not have a good idea of how much they need to save for retirement. Only 44 percent of workers report they and/or their spouse have tried to calculate how much money they will need to have saved by the time they retire--and an equal proportion (44 percent) simply guess at how much they will need for a comfortable retirement.

Analytical approaches used in stream benthic macroinvertebrate biomonitoring programs of State agencies in the United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Carter, James L.; Resh, Vincent H.

2013-01-01

Biomonitoring programs based on benthic macroinvertebrates are well-established worldwide. Their value, however, depends on the appropriateness of the analytical techniques used. All United States State, benthic macroinvertebrate biomonitoring programs were surveyed regarding the purposes of their programs, quality-assurance and quality-control procedures used, habitat and water-chemistry data collected, treatment of macroinvertebrate data prior to analysis, statistical methods used, and data-storage considerations. State regulatory mandates (59 percent of programs), biotic index development (17 percent), and Federal requirements (15 percent) were the most frequently reported purposes of State programs, with the specific tasks of satisfying the requirements for 305b/303d reports (89 percent), establishment and monitoring of total maximum daily loads, and developing biocriteria being the purposes most often mentioned. Most states establish reference sites (81 percent), but classify them using State-specific methods. The most often used technique for determining the appropriateness of a reference site was Best Professional Judgment (86 percent of these states). Macroinvertebrate samples are almost always collected by using a D-frame net, and duplicate samples are collected from approximately 10 percent of sites for quality assurance and quality control purposes. Most programs have macroinvertebrate samples processed by contractors (53 percent) and have identifications confirmed by a second taxonomist (85 percent). All States collect habitat data, with most using the Rapid Bioassessment Protocol visual-assessment approach, which requires ~1 h/site. Dissolved oxygen, pH, and conductivity are measured in more than 90 percent of programs. Wide variation exists in which taxa are excluded from analyses and the level of taxonomic resolution used. Species traits, such as functional feeding groups, are commonly used (96 percent), as are tolerance values for organic pollution (87 percent). Less often used are tolerance values for metals (28 percent). Benthic data are infrequently modified (34 percent) prior to analysis. Fixed-count subsampling is used widely (83 percent), with the number of organisms sorted ranging from 100 to 600 specimens. Most programs include a step during sample processing to acquire rare taxa (79 percent). Programs calculate from 2 to more than100 different metrics (mean 20), and most formulate a multimetric index (87 percent). Eleven of the 112 metrics reported represent 50 percent of all metrics considered to be useful, and most of these are based on richness or percent composition. Biotic indices and tolerance metrics are most oftenused in the eastern U.S., and functional and habitat-type metrics are most often used in the western U.S. Sixty-nine percent of programs analyze their data in-house, typically performing correlations and regressions, and few use any form of data transformation (34 percent). Fifty-one percent of the programs use multivariate analyses, typically non-metric multi-dimensional scaling. All programs have electronic data storage. Most programs use the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (75 percent) for nomenclature and to update historical data (78 percent). State procedures represent a diversity of biomonitoring approaches which likely compromises comparability among programs. A national-state consensus is needed for: (1) developing methods for the identification of reference conditions and reference sites, (2) standardization in determining and reporting species richness, (3) testing and documenting both the theoretical and mechanistic basis of often-used metrics, (4) development of properly replicated point-source study designs, and (5) curation of benthic macroinvertebrate data, including reference and voucher collections, for successful evaluation of future environmental changes.

National Health Expenditures, 19811

PubMed Central

Gibson, Robert M.; Waldo, Daniel R.

1982-01-01

The United States spent an estimated $287 billion for health care in 1981 (Figure 1), an amount equal to 9.8 percent of the Gross National Product (GNP). Highlights of the figures that underly this estimate include the following: Health care expenditures continued to grow at a rapid rate in 1981, at a time when the economy as a whole exhibited sluggish growth. The 9.8 percent share of the GNP was a dramatic increase from the 8.9 percent share seen just two years earlier.Health care expenditures amounted to $1,225 per person in 1981 (Table 1). Of that amount, $524, or 42.7 percent, came from public funds.Hospital care accounted for 41.2 percent of total health care spending in 1981 (Table 2). These expenditures increased 17.5 percent from 1980, to a level of $118 billion.Spending for the services of physicians increased 16.9 percent to $55 billion—19.1 percent of all health care spending.Public sources provided 42.7 percent of the money spent on health in 1981, including Federal payments of $84 billion and $39 billion in State and local government funds (Table 3).All third parties combined—private health insurers, governments, private charities, and Industry—financed 67.9 percent of the $255 billion in personal health care in 1981 (Table 4), covering 89.2 percent of hospital care services, 62.1 percent of physicians' services, and 41.3 percent of the remainder (Table 5).Direct patient payments for health care reached $82 billion in 1981, accounting for 32.1 percent of all personal health care expenses (Table 6). Consumers and their employers paid another $73 billion in premiums to private health insurers, $67 billion of which was returned in the form of benefits.Outlays for health care benefits by the Medicare and Medicaid programs totaled $73 billion, including $42 billion for hospital care. The two programs combined paid for 28.6 percent of all personal health care in the nation (Table 7). PMID:10309718

Health benefits in 2005: premium increases slow down, coverage continues to erode.

PubMed

Gabel, Jon; Claxton, Gary; Gil, Isadora; Pickreign, Jeremy; Whitmore, Heidi; Finder, Benjamin; Hawkins, Samantha; Rowland, Diane

2005-01-01

This paper reports findings on the state of job-based health insurance in spring 2005 and how it has changed during recent years. Premiums rose 9.2 percent, the first year of single-digit increases since 2000. The percentage of firms offering health benefits has fallen from 69 percent in 2000 to 60 percent in 2005. Cost sharing did not grow appreciably in the past year. Enrollment in preferred provider organizations (PPOs) grew from 55 percent in 2004 to 61 percent in 2005, while enrollment in health maintenance organizations (HMOs) fell from 25 percent to 21 percent of the total.

Effect of KOH concentration and anions on the performance of Ni-H2 battery positive plate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vaidyanathan, H.; Robbins, Kathleen; Gopalakrishna, Rao M.

1995-04-01

The capacity and voltage behavior of electrochemically impregnated sintered nickel positive plates was examined by galavanostatic charging; and discharging in a flooded electrolyte cell. Three different concentrations of KOH (40 percent, 31 percent, and 26 percent) and 31 percent KOH containing dissolved nitrate, sulfate or silicate were investigated. The end of charge voltage at C/10 charge and at 10 C showed the following order: 40 percent KOH is greater than 31 percent KOH alone and in the presence of the anions greater than 26 percent KOE. The middischarge voltage at C/2 discharge was higher in 26 percent KOH, almost the same for 31 percent KOH with and without the added contaminants and much lower for 40 percent KOH. The plate capacity was marginally affected by cycling in all cases except for 40 percent KOH where the capacity declined after 1000 cycles at 80 percent DOD. At the end of cycling the plate tested in the presence of sulfate and silicate experienced measurable weight loss as a result of active material extrusion. Cyclic voltammetry of miniature electrodes in 31 percent KOH showed that the second oxidation peak that corresponds to the formation of a different phase of oxidized Ni has a lower peak current at -5 C compared to 25 C and oxygen evolution occurs a higher potential at -5 C. The reduction peak (discharge reaction) is more polarized at 25 C compared to -5 C. The presence of silicate alters the potentials only marginally. The implications of these results in plate treatment and low temperature operation are discussed.

Effect of KOH concentration and anions on the performance of Ni-H2 battery positive plate

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vaidyanathan, H.; Robbins, Kathleen; Gopalakrishna, Rao M.

1995-01-01

The capacity and voltage behavior of electrochemically impregnated sintered nickel positive plates was examined by galavanostatic charging; and discharging in a flooded electrolyte cell. Three different concentrations of KOH (40 percent, 31 percent, and 26 percent) and 31 percent KOH containing dissolved nitrate, sulfate or silicate were investigated. The end of charge voltage at C/10 charge and at 10 C showed the following order: 40 percent KOH is greater than 31 percent KOH alone and in the presence of the anions greater than 26 percent KOE. The middischarge voltage at C/2 discharge was higher in 26 percent KOH, almost the same for 31 percent KOH with and without the added contaminants and much lower for 40 percent KOH. The plate capacity was marginally affected by cycling in all cases except for 40 percent KOH where the capacity declined after 1000 cycles at 80 percent DOD. At the end of cycling the plate tested in the presence of sulfate and silicate experienced measurable weight loss as a result of active material extrusion. Cyclic voltammetry of miniature electrodes in 31 percent KOH showed that the second oxidation peak that corresponds to the formation of a different phase of oxidized Ni has a lower peak current at -5 C compared to 25 C and oxygen evolution occurs a higher potential at -5 C. The reduction peak (discharge reaction) is more polarized at 25 C compared to -5 C. The presence of silicate alters the potentials only marginally. The implications of these results in plate treatment and low temperature operation are discussed.

United States Navy Nutrition Culture and How Best to Select Food While Underway

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-13

3000 to 4500 calories, 10 to 15 percent of calories from protein , 55 to 70 percent from carbohydrates, and 20 to 30 percent from fat (United States...given for age, weight, or gender, with protein taking 10 to 15 percent, carbohydrates taking up 55 to 70 percent, and fat taking 20 to 30 percent of...servings for grains, protein /dairy, fruits, vegetables, fats , and calories for each of the six eating times per day (Commander Navy Installations Command

Estimated water use in Arkansas, 2010

USGS Publications Warehouse

Pugh, Aaron L.; Holland, Terrance W.

2015-01-01

Groundwater withdrawals comprised about 69 percent of the total amount of water used in Arkansas in 2010. Four aquifers in Arkansas account for more than 99 percent of the total groundwater withdrawals. The aquifers in deposits of Quaternary age supplied about 97 percent of all groundwater withdrawals. The Sparta-Memphis aquifer supplied about 2.5 percent of all groundwater withdrawals, the Wilcox aquifer supplied about 0.5 percent of all groundwater withdrawals, and the Paleozoic aquifer supplied about 0.3 percent of all groundwater withdrawals.

Foods of breeding pintails in North Dakota

USGS Publications Warehouse

Krapu, G.L.

1974-01-01

Food habits of breeding pintails (Anas acuta) were studied relative to sex, land use, and reproductive condition during the spring and summer of 1969, 1970, and 1971 in eastern North Dakota. Hens and drakes, respectively, consumed 79.2 percent and 30.0 percent animal matter on nontilled wetlands and consumed 16.6 percent and 1.1 percent animal matter on tilled wetlands. Aquatic dipterans (primarily larval forms), snails, fairy shrimp, and earthworms accounted for 71 percent of the diet of hens on nontilled wetlands, while barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli) seeds formed 71 percent of the diet of hens on tilled wetlands. Cereal grain seeds formed 84 percent of the diet of 10 hens feeding on cropland. The diet of hens was influenced by reproductive status. Animal foods were predominant during the laying period (77.1 percent) but were less important in the postlaying diet (28.9 percent). Invertebrates formed 83.9 percent of the diet of renesting hens, 61.0 percent were dipteran larvae and snails. High consumption of animal foods during egg formation presumably is related to invertebrates being superior to plants in providing certain nutrients required for production of viable eggs. Research findings suggest that food requirements of prairie-nesting pintails can be met most effectively by providing pairs access to shallow, nontilled wetland habitat subject to periodic drawdowns.

Views of managed care--a survey of students, residents, faculty, and deans at medical schools in the United States.

PubMed

Simon, S R; Pan, R J; Sullivan, A M; Clark-Chiarelli, N; Connelly, M T; Peters, A S; Singer, J D; Inui, T S; Block, S D

1999-03-25

Views of managed care among academic physicians and medical students in the United States are not well known. In 1997, we conducted a telephone survey of a national sample of medical students (506 respondents), residents (494), faculty members (728), department chairs (186), directors of residency training in internal medicine and pediatrics (143), and deans (105) at U.S. medical schools to determine their experiences in and perspectives on managed care. The overall rate of response was 80.1 percent. Respondents rated their attitudes toward managed care on a 0-to-10 scale, with 0 defined as "as negative as possible" and 10 as "as positive as possible." The expressed attitudes toward managed care were negative, ranging from a low mean (+/-SD) score of 3.9+/-1.7 for residents to a high of 5.0+/-1.3 for deans. When asked about specific aspects of care, fee-for-service medicine was rated better than managed care in terms of access (by 80.2 percent of respondents), minimizing ethical conflicts (74.8 percent), and the quality of the doctor-patient relationship (70.6 percent). With respect to the continuity of care, 52.0 percent of respondents preferred fee-for-service medicine, and 29.3 percent preferred managed care. For care at the end of life, 49.1 percent preferred fee-for-service medicine, and 20.5 percent preferred managed care. With respect to care for patients with chronic illness, 41.8 percent preferred fee-for-service care, and 30.8 percent preferred managed care. Faculty members, residency-training directors, and department chairs responded that managed care had reduced the time they had available for research (63.1 percent agreed) and teaching (58.9 percent) and had reduced their income (55.8 percent). Overall, 46.6 percent of faculty members, 26.7 percent of residency-training directors, and 42.7 percent of department chairs reported that the message they delivered to students about managed care was negative. Negative views of managed care are widespread among medical students, residents, faculty members, and medical school deans.

Colon and rectal injuries during Operation Iraqi Freedom: are there any changing trends in management or outcome?

PubMed

Steele, Scott R; Wolcott, Kate E; Mullenix, Philip S; Martin, Matthew J; Sebesta, James A; Azarow, Kenneth S; Beekley, Alec C

2007-06-01

Despite the evolution in the management of traumatic colorectal injuries in both civilian and military settings during the previous few decades, they continue to be a source of significant morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to analyze management and clinical outcomes from a cohort of patients suffering colorectal injuries. This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from all patients injured and treated at the 31st Combat Support Hospital during Operation Iraqi Freedom from September 2003 to December 2004. From the 3,442 patients treated, 175 (5.1 percent) had colorectal injuries. Patients were predominately male (95 percent), suffered penetrating injuries (96 percent), and had a mean age of 29 (range, 4-70) years. Ninety-one percent of patients had associated injuries. Initial management included primary repair (34 percent), stoma (33 percent), resection with anastomosis (19 percent), and damage control only (14 percent). By injury location, stomas were placed more frequently with rectal or sphincter injuries 65 percent (25/40) vs. other sites (right, 19 percent (8/42); transverse, 25 percent (8/32); left, 36 percent (20/55); P < 0.01). Thirteen percent of patients eventually received stomas for failure of initial in-continuity management. Patients with colorectal injuries had a significantly increased mortality rate than those without (18 percent (31/175) vs. 8 percent (269/3267); P < 0.001) but not the subset without colorectal injuries undergoing celiotomy (18 vs.14.4 percent; P = 0.41). Rectal (odds radio, 22; P = 0.03) and transverse colon (odds radio, 17; P = 0.04) injuries were independently associated with increased mortality in multivariate regression analysis. Initial placement of stoma had an independent association with lower leak rates (odds radio, 0.06; P = 0.04). Injury to the rectum or transverse colon is an independent predictor of mortality. The use of a diverting stoma varied by injury site and was associated with a decreased leak rate but demonstrated no impact on the incidence of sepsis or mortality.

Increasing condom use and declining STI prevalence in high-risk MSM and TGs: evaluation of a large-scale prevention program in Tamil Nadu, India

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background This paper presents an evaluation of Avahan, a large scale HIV prevention program that was implemented using peer-mediated strategies, condom distribution and sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinical services among high-risk men who have sex with men (HR-MSM) and male to female transgender persons (TGs) in six high-prevalence state of Tamil Nadu, in southern India. Methods Two rounds of large scale cross-sectional bio-behavioural surveys among HR-MSM and TGs and routine program monitoring data were used to assess changes in program coverage, condom use and prevalence of STIs (including HIV) and their association to program exposure. Results The Avahan program for HR-MSM and TGs in Tamil Nadu was significantly scaled up and contacts by peer educators reached 77 percent of the estimated denominator by the end of the program’s fourth year. Exposure to the program increased between the two rounds of surveys for both HR-MSM (from 66 percent to 90 percent; AOR = 4.6; p < 0.001) and TGs (from 74.5 percent to 83 percent; AOR = 1.82; p < 0.06). There was an increase in consistent condom use by HR-MSM with their regular male partners (from 33 percent to 46 percent; AOR = 1.9; p < 0.01). Last time condom use with paying male partners (up from 81 percent to 94 percent; AOR = 3.6; p < 0.001) also showed an increase. Among TGs, the increase in condom use with casual male partners (18 percent to 52 percent; AOR = 1.8; p < 0.27) was not significant, and last time condom use declined significantly with paying male partners (93 percent to 80 percent; AOR = 0.32; p < 0.015). Syphilis declined significantly among both HR-MSM (14.3 percent to 6.8 percent; AOR = 0.37; p < 0.001) and TGs (16.6 percent to 4.2 percent; AOR = 0.34; p < 0.012), while change in HIV prevalence was not found to be significant for HR-MSM (9.7 percent to 10.9 percent) and TGs (12 percent to 9.8 percent). For both groups, change in condom use with commercial and non-commercial partners was found to be strongly linked with exposure to the Avahan program. Conclusion The Avahan program for HR-MSM and TGs in Tamil Nadu achieved a high coverage, resulting in improved condom use by HR-MSM with their regular and commercial male partners. Declining STI prevalence and stable HIV prevalence reflect the positive effects of the prevention strategy. Outcomes from the program logic model indiacte the effectiveness of the program for HR-MSM and TGs in Tamil Nadu. PMID:24044766

Delaware's Forests 2008

Treesearch

Tonya W. Lister; Glenn Gladders; Charles J. Barnett; Gary J. Brand; Brett J. Butler; Susan J. Crocker; Grant M. Domke; Douglas M. Griffith; Mark A. Hatfield; Cassandra M. Kurtz; Andrew J. Lister; Randall S. Morin; W. Keith Moser; Mark D. Nelson; Charles H. Perry; Ronald J. Piva; Rachel Riemann; Christopher W. Woodall

2012-01-01

The fifth full inventory of Delaware's forests reports an 8 percent decrease in the area of forest land to 352,000 acres, which cover 28 percent of the State's land area and has a volume of approximately 2,352 cubic feet per acre. Twenty-one percent of the growing-stock volume is red maple, followed by sweetgum (13 percent), and loblolly pine (12 percent)....

7 CFR 52.3188 - Work sheet for dried prunes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... maximum Total of all defects, including off-color 10 percent 15 percent No limit except as indicated below. Total of all defects, including off-color and poor texture 20 percent Poor texture, end cracks, skin or... material, insect infestation, decay But no more than 6 percent But no more than 8 percent End cracks,2 skin...

7 CFR 52.3188 - Work sheet for dried prunes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... defects, including off-color 10 percent 15 percent No limit except as indicated below. Total of all defects, including off-color and poor texture 20 percent Poor texture, end cracks, skin or flesh damage, 3..., decay But no more than 6 percent But no more than 8 percent End cracks,2 skin or flesh damage, 3...

7 CFR 52.3188 - Work sheet for dried prunes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... maximum Total of all defects, including off-color 10 percent 15 percent No limit except as indicated below. Total of all defects, including off-color and poor texture 20 percent Poor texture, end cracks, skin or... material, insect infestation, decay But no more than 6 percent But no more than 8 percent End cracks,2 skin...

31 CFR 363.135 - In what form is a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness issued?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false In what form is a zero-percent... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.135 In what form is a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness issued? A zero-percent certificate of...

31 CFR 363.135 - In what form is a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness issued?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false In what form is a zero-percent... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.135 In what form is a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness issued? A zero-percent certificate of...

31 CFR 363.141 - How do I purchase a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false How do I purchase a zero-percent... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.141 How do I purchase a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? (a...

31 CFR 363.141 - How do I purchase a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false How do I purchase a zero-percent... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.141 How do I purchase a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? (a...

31 CFR 363.135 - In what form is a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness issued?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false In what form is a zero-percent... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.135 In what form is a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness issued? A zero-percent certificate of...

31 CFR 363.135 - In what form is a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness issued?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false In what form is a zero-percent... SERVICE REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.135 In what form is a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness issued? A zero-percent...

31 CFR 363.141 - How do I purchase a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false How do I purchase a zero-percent... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.141 How do I purchase a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? (a...

31 CFR 363.141 - How do I purchase a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false How do I purchase a zero-percent... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.141 How do I purchase a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? (a...

42 CFR 403.808 - Use of transitional assistance funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... incomes at or below 100 percent of the poverty line, 95 percent of the price of a covered discount card drug must be paid from the available transitional assistance funds. (2) For beneficiaries with incomes greater than 100 percent but at or below 135 percent of the poverty line, 90 percent of the price of a...

21 CFR 640.82 - Tests on final product.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... percent; 5.0 ±0.30 percent; 20.0 ±1.2 percent; and 25.0 ±1.5 percent solution of protein. (b) Protein... solution of the final product diluted to a concentration of 1 percent protein with 0.15 molar sodium... exceed 2 milliequivalents per liter. (f) Heat stability. A final container sample of Albumin (Human...

21 CFR 640.82 - Tests on final product.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... percent; 5.0 ±0.30 percent; 20.0 ±1.2 percent; and 25.0 ±1.5 percent solution of protein. (b) Protein... solution of the final product diluted to a concentration of 1 percent protein with 0.15 molar sodium... exceed 2 milliequivalents per liter. (f) Heat stability. A final container sample of Albumin (Human...

21 CFR 640.82 - Tests on final product.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... percent; 5.0 ±0.30 percent; 20.0 ±1.2 percent; and 25.0 ±1.5 percent solution of protein. (b) Protein... solution of the final product diluted to a concentration of 1 percent protein with 0.15 molar sodium... exceed 2 milliequivalents per liter. (f) Heat stability. A final container sample of Albumin (Human...

Development of the chemical and electrochemical coal cleaning process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Basilio, C. I.; Yoon, Roe-Hoan

The continuous testing of the Chemical and Electrochemical Coal Cleaning (CECC) was completed successfully using Middle Wyodak and Elkhorn No. 3 coal samples. The CECC unit was run under the optimum conditions established for these coal samples. For the Middle Wyodak coal, the ash content was reduced from 6.96 percent to as low 1.61 percent, corresponding to an ash rejection (by weight) of about 83 percent. The ash and sulfur contents of the Elkhorn No. 3 coal were reduced to as low as 1.8 percent and 0.9 percent. The average ash and sulfur rejections were calculated to be around 84 percent and 47 percent. The CECC continuous unit was used to treat -325 mesh Elkhorn No. 3 coal samples and gave ash and sulfur rejection values of as high as 77 percent and 66 percent. In these test, the clean -325 mesh coal particles were separated from the liberated mineral matter through microbubble column flotation, instead of wet-screening.

Risky business: when mom and pop buy health insurance for their employees.

PubMed

Gabel, Jon R; Pickreign, Jeremy D

2004-04-01

The economics of small group insurance makes offering health benefits to employees a risky business. Surveys of employers from 1989 to 2003 reveal that more rapid premium increases are forcing small firms to impose higher cost-sharing. In 2003, premiums for small firms (3-199 workers) increased 15.5 percent, outpacing the 13.2 percent increase for large firms (200+ workers). From 2000 to 2003, deductibles among small firms increased 100 percent in PPO plans when employees use in-network providers and 131 percent when they use out-of-network providers; among large firms, deductibles in PPO plans increased 33 percent and 44 percent, respectively. And in 2003, 40.3 percent of employees in the smallest firms contributed 41 percent or more of the total family premium, compared with only 11.2 percent of employees in large firms. Clearly, fundamental change in the small employer market is necessary, including new options for helping small firms gain access to the advantages large firms have in purchasing health benefits.

Births: preliminary data for 2000.

PubMed

Martin, J A; Hamilton, B E; Ventura, S J

2001-07-24

This report presents preliminary data for 2000 on births in the United States. U.S. data on births are shown by age, race, and Hispanic origin of mother. Data on marital status, prenatal care, cesarean delivery, and low birthweight are also presented. Data in this report are based on more than 96 percent of births for 2000. The records are weighted to independent control counts of births received in State vital statistics offices in 2000. Comparisons are made with 1999 final data. The number of births rose 3 percent between 1999 and 2000. The crude birth rate increased to 14.8 per 1,000 population in 2000, 2 percent higher than the 1999 rate. The fertility rate rose 3 percent to 67.6 per 1,000 women aged 15-44 years between 1999 and 2000. The birth rate for teenagers, which has been falling since 1991, declined 2 percent in 2000 to 48.7 births per 1,000 females aged 15-19 years, another historic low. The rate for teenagers 15-17 years fell 4 percent, and the rate for 18-19 year olds was down 1 percent. Since 1991, rates have fallen 29 percent for teenagers 15-17 years and 16 percent for teenagers 18-19 years. Birth rates for all of the older age groups increased for 1999-2000: 1 percent among women aged 20-24 years, 3 percent for women aged 25-29 years, and 5 percent for women in their thirties. Rates for women aged 40-54 years were also up for 2000. The birth rate for unmarried women increased 2 percent to 45.2 births per 1,000 unmarried women aged 15-44 years in 2000, but was still lower than the peak reached in 1994. The number of births to unmarried women was up 3 percent, the highest number ever reported in the United States. However, the number of births to unmarried teenagers declined. The proportion of women who began prenatal care in the first trimester of pregnancy (83.2 percent) did not improve for 2000, nor did the rate of low birthweight (7.6 percent). The total cesarean rate rose for the fourth consecutive year to 22.9 percent, the result of both a rise in the rate of primary cesarean deliveries and a decline in the rate of vaginal births after previous cesarean delivery.

Hospital closures had no measurable impact on local hospitalization rates or mortality rates, 2003-11.

PubMed

Joynt, Karen E; Chatterjee, Paula; Orav, E John; Jha, Ashish K

2015-05-01

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) set in motion payment changes that could put pressure on hospital finances and lead some hospitals to close. Understanding the impact of closures on patient care and outcomes is critically important. We identified 195 hospital closures in the United States between 2003 and 2011. We found no significant difference between the change in annual mortality rates for patients living in hospital service areas (HSAs) that experienced one or more closures and the change in rates in matched HSAs without a closure (5.5 percent to 5.2 percent versus 5.4 percent to 5.4 percent, respectively). Nor was there a significant difference in the change in all-cause mortality rates following hospitalization (9.1 percent to 8.2 percent in HSAs with a closure versus 9.0 percent to 8.4 percent in those without a closure). HSAs with a closure had a drop in readmission rates compared to controls (19.4 percent to 18.2 percent versus 18.8 percent to 18.3 percent). Overall, we found no evidence that hospital closures were associated with worse outcomes for patients living in those communities. These findings may offer reassurance to policy makers and clinical leaders concerned about the potential acceleration of hospital closures as a result of health care reform. Project HOPE—The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.

Effect of KOH Concentration and Anions on the Performance of a Ni-H2 Battery Positive Plate

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vaidyanathan, Hari; Robbins, Kathleen; Gopalakrishna, M. Rao

1996-01-01

The capacity and voltage behavior of electrochemically impregnated sintered nickel positive plates was examined by galvanostatic charging and discharging in a flooded electrolyte cell. Three different concentrations of potassium hydroxide (KOH) (40, 31, and 26 percent) and 31 percent KOH containing dissolved nitrate, sulfate, or silicate were investigated. The end-of-charge voltage at C/10 charge and at 10 degrees C showed the following order: 40 percent KOH greater than 31 percent KOH alone and in the presence of the anions greater than 26 percent KOH. The mid discharge voltage at C/2 discharge was higher in 26 percent KOH, almost the same for 31 percent KOH with and without added contaminants, and much lower for 40 percent KOH. The plate capacity was marginally affected by cycling in all cases except for 40 percent KOH, where the capacity declined after 1,000 cycles at 80 percent depth of discharge (DOD). At the end of cycling, all the plates tested experienced a weight loss, except in the case of 31 percent KOH, as a result of active material extrusion. Cyclic voltammetry of miniature electrodes in 31 percent KOH showed that the cathodic peak potentials are less polarized in the presence and absence of silicate at -5 degrees C compared to 25 degrees C indicating a slightly higher voltage during discharge in a Ni-H2 battery. Futhermore, the features of the current-potential profile were practically unchanged in the presence of silicate.

Teacher Retention at Low-Performing Schools. Using the Evidence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

SERVE Center for Continuous Improvement at UNCG, 2006

2006-01-01

In 2004-2005, North Carolina's average teacher turnover rate was nearly 13 percent, ranging from a high of 29 percent to a low of 4 percent. Turnover among teachers in low-performing schools was substantially higher, with a low of 12 percent and a high of 57 percent. North Carolina has put strategies in place to address teacher retention but how…

A preview of West Virginia's forest resource

Treesearch

Joseph E. Barnard; Teresa M. Bowers

1977-01-01

Forest land occupies 75 percent of the total land area of West Virginia. Sixty percent of the forest land is classified in the oak-hickory forest type and only 6 percent in all the softwood forest types. Since 1961, growing-stock volume increased 24 percent. Yellow-poplar increased 39 percent in volume and is now the prevalent species in the State.

Basic Facts about Low-Income Children: Children 6 through 11 Years, 2013. Fact Sheet

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jiang, Yang; Ekono, Mercedes; Skinner, Curtis

2015-01-01

Children under 18 years represent 23 percent of the population, but they comprise 33 percent of all people in poverty. Among all children, 44 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (22 percent) live in poor families. Similarly, among children in middle childhood (age 6 through 11 years), 45 percent live in…

Basic Facts about Low-Income Children: Children under 6 Years, 2013. Fact Sheet

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jiang, Yang; Ekono, Mercedes; Skinner, Curtis

2015-01-01

Children under 18 years represent 23 percent of the population, but they comprise 33 percent of all people in poverty. Among all children, 44 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (22 percent) live in poor families. Young children under age 6 years appear to be particularly vulnerable, with 48 percent living in…

Reducing the Child Poverty Rate. KIDS COUNT Indicator Brief

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shore, Rima; Shore, Barbara

2009-01-01

In 2007, nearly one in five or 18 percent of children in the U.S. lived in poverty (KIDS COUNT Data Center, 2009). Many of these children come from minority backgrounds. African American (35 percent), American Indian (33 percent) and Latino (27 percent) children are more likely to live in poverty than their white (11 percent) and Asian (12…

40 CFR Table 27 to Subpart Uuu of... - Continuous Compliance With Inorganic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Reforming Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... percent by weight or to a concentration of 30 ppmv (dry basis), corrected to 3 percent oxygen. Maintaining...), corrected to 3 percent oxygen. 2. Each existing cyclic or continuous catalytic reforming unit Reduce... to 3 percent oxygen Maintaining a 97 percent HCl control efficiency or an HCl concentration no more...

40 CFR Table 27 to Subpart Uuu of... - Continuous Compliance With Inorganic HAP Emission Limits for Catalytic Reforming Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... percent by weight or to a concentration of 30 ppmv (dry basis), corrected to 3 percent oxygen. Maintaining...), corrected to 3 percent oxygen. 2. Each existing cyclic or continuous catalytic reforming unit Reduce... to 3 percent oxygen Maintaining a 97 percent HCl control efficiency or an HCl concentration no more...

5 CFR 841.703 - Increases on basic annuities and survivor annuities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... annuities are the greater of— (1) One dollar per month; or (2)(i) If the percentage change is less than 2 percent, the percentage change; (ii) If the percentage change is at least 2 percent and not greater than 3 percent, 2 percent; and (iii) If the percentage change exceeds 3 percent, 1 percentage point less than the...

31 CFR 363.143 - How do I purchase a security using the redemption proceeds of my zero-percent certificate of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... the redemption proceeds of my zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? 363.143 Section 363.143 Money... Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.143 How do I purchase a security using the redemption proceeds of my zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? You may...

Ohio timber products output - 1983

Treesearch

Richard H. Widmann; Michael Long

1986-01-01

The total industrial harvest in Ohio was over 82 million cubic feet in 1983. This was up 17 percent since 1978. Sawlogs accounted for 57 percent of the total and pulpwood accounted for 36 percent. During this 5-year period, sawlog production was up 7 percent to 318.3 million board feet, and total pulpwood production was up 24 percent to 461.8 thousand cords....

5 CFR 841.703 - Increases on basic annuities and survivor annuities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... annuities are the greater of— (1) One dollar per month; or (2)(i) If the percentage change is less than 2 percent, the percentage change; (ii) If the percentage change is at least 2 percent and not greater than 3 percent, 2 percent; and (iii) If the percentage change exceeds 3 percent, 1 percentage point less than the...

Assessment of evidence-based dental prophylaxis education in postdoctoral pediatric dentistry programs.

PubMed

Redford-Badwal, Deborah A; Nainar, S M Hashim

2002-09-01

The objective of the study was to investigate various aspects of evidence-based dental prophylaxis education in postdoctoral pediatric dentistry training programs in the United States. An anonymous nationwide postal survey of fifty-two postdoctoral pediatric dentistry program directors was conducted in September 2001. The survey had a response rate of 75 percent with all geographic regions of the nation represented and with a preponderance of university-based programs (62 percent). Most of the training programs (74 percent) routinely recommended dental prophylaxis for all recall patients. The proportion of programs that recommended dental prophylaxis for the following indications were: plaque, stain and/or calculus removal--97 percent; caries prevention--59 percent; prior to topical fluoride application--67 percent; prior to sealant application--62 percent; and for behavioral modification--77 percent. Most training programs (77 percent) defined dental prophylaxis as both rubber cup pumice prophylaxis and toothbrush prophylaxis. However, only one-half of the training programs (51 percent) had modified their teaching to substitute toothbrush prophylaxis in lieu of rubber cup pumice prophylaxis. In conclusion, only one half of postdoctoral pediatric dentistry training programs in the United States teach evidence-based practice of dental prophylaxis for recall patients.

Bupivacaine compared with etidocaine for vaginal delivery.

PubMed

Moore, D C; Bridenbaugh, P O; Bridenbaugh, L D; Thompson, G E; Balfour, R I; Lysons, D F

1975-01-01

A comparison of 0.5 percent etidocaine with 0.25 and 0.5 percent bupivacaine, using continuous (intermittent) caudal block in 60 vaginal deliveries, showed the latter two solutions to be the agents of choice. All solutions contained a final concentration of 1:2000,000 epihephrine. In 40 parturients given either 0.25 or 0.5 percent bupivacaine, all had pain relief after the initial dose, while 5 of 20 given etidocaine required a refill dose within 30 to 50 minutes for complete pain relief. The duration of action of the initial dose with both concentrations of bupivacaine was longer than that of etidocaine. The degree of motor blockade with 0.5 percent etidocaine was greater than with 0.5 percent bupivacaine, and with 0.5 percent concentrations of either etidocaine or bupivacaine was greater than with 0.25 percent bupivacaine. The duration of motor blockade of 0.5 percent etidocaine and bupivacaine was comparable. The duration of motor blockade of the 0.25 percent concentration of bupivacaine was shorter than with the 0.5 percent concentration of both etidocaine and bupivacaine; and with both bupivacaine concentrations the duration of sensory anesthesia in the extremities was longer than motor blockade; with etidocaine, the opposite occurred.

Hypertension in the Hispanic and Black Population in New York City

PubMed Central

Barrios, Eugene; Iler, Elizabeth; Mulloy, Katherine; Goldstein, Jonathan; Chalfin, Donald; Muñoz, Eric

1987-01-01

Little data have been accumulated on the health care problems of underserved, urban Hispanic-Americans. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and the adequacy of treatment for Hispanic-Americans (predominately Puerto Ricans) and blacks living in the South Bronx section of New York City. Almost three fourths (74.5 percent) of the study subjects (n = 145) knew what hypertension was, and 40.7 percent said they had hypertension. However, 52.3 percent of subjects (Hispanic, 49.2 percent and black, 61.5 percent) who responded that they were not hypertensive had hypertension. Of those who said they had hypertension, only 55.9 percent were taking medication (Hispanic, 57.5 percent and black, 57.1 percent). For those taking medication, the majority did not have their hypertension controlled (Hispanic, 78.2 percent and black, 100 percent). These data suggest that for urban Hispanics and blacks, both hypertensive awareness and control is poor. This population thus appears likely to suffer excess morbidity and mortality from hypertension. Public policy programs for surveillance and control of hypertension in urban Hispanic and black populations may decrease the rate of morbidity and mortality from this treatable disease. PMID:3498048

Bovine versus porcine acellular dermal matrix for complex abdominal wall reconstruction.

PubMed

Clemens, Mark W; Selber, Jesse C; Liu, Jun; Adelman, David M; Baumann, Donald P; Garvey, Patrick B; Butler, Charles E

2013-01-01

Abdominal wall reconstruction with bioprosthetic mesh is associated with lower rates of mesh infection, fistula formation, and mesh explantation than reconstruction with synthetic mesh. The authors directly compared commonly used bioprosthetic meshes in terms of clinical outcomes and complications. A database of consecutive patients who underwent abdominal wall reconstruction with porcine or bovine acellular dermal matrix and midline musculofascial closure at their institution between January of 2008 and March of 2011 was reviewed. Surgical outcomes were compared. One hundred twenty patients were identified who underwent a nonbridged, inlay abdominal wall reconstruction with porcine [69 patients (57.5 percent)] or bovine acellular dermal matrix (51 patients (42.5 percent)]. The mean follow-up time was 21.0 ± 9.9 months. The overall complication rate was 36.6 percent; the porcine matrix group had a significantly higher complication rate (44.9 percent) than the bovine matrix group (25.5 percent; p = 0.04) and statistically equivalent surgical complications (29.2 percent versus 21.6 percent; p = 0.34). There were no significant differences in rates of recurrent hernia (2.9 percent versus 3.9 percent; p = 0.99) or bulge (7.2 percent versus 0 percent; p = 0.07). However, the rate of intraoperative adverse events in the porcine matrix group [seven events (10.1 percent)] was significantly higher than that in the bovine matrix group (0 percent; p = 0.02). In patients who undergo complex abdominal wall reconstruction, both bovine and porcine acellular dermal matrix are associated with similar rates of postoperative surgical complications and appear to result in similar outcomes. Porcine acellular dermal matrix may be prone to intraoperative device failure. Therapeutic, III.

Survey for bats in the Los Alamos National Environmental Research Park, with special emphasis on the spotted bat, Euderma maculatum

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tyrell, K.; Brack, V. Jr.

To increase knowledge about the presence of endangered species and their habitat at the LANL, 3D/Environmental Services, Inc. conducted a mist net survey for bats on Laboratory lands. In addition to documenting the presence of threatened and endangered species, this survey was conducted to gain more knowledge about the diversity and distribution of the bat fauna existing on the Laboratory. There are 25 species of bats found in New Mexico, about 16 of which are likely to occur in the region of the Laboratory. Of particular interest was documentation of the presence of the spotted bat, Euderma maculatum. The spottedmore » bat is listed as Endangered, Group 2 by the State of New Mexico, and is a Federal Candidate for listing as endangered. As such, conservation of this species and its habitat should be a management priority on the Laboratory. A total of 94 bats were captured in 16 net nights, between 30 June and 05 July 1992. Thirteen species of bats were caught during the study: Antrozous pallidus (pallid bat), 10.6 percent; Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat), 10.6 percent; Lasionycteris noctivigans (silver-haired bat), 16 percent; Lasiurus cinereus (hoary bat), 11.7 percent; Myotis californicus (California myotis), 4.3 percent; M. evotis (long-eared myotis), 7.4 percent; M. leibii (small-footed myotis), 5.3 percent; M. thysanodes (fringed myotis), 13.8 percent; M. volans (long-legged myotis), 7.4 percent of the catch; M. yumanensis,(Yuma myotis), 5.3 percent; Pipistrellus hesperus (western pipistrelle), 1.1 percent; Plecotus townsendii (Townsend`s big-eared bat), 1.1 percent, and Tadarida brasiliensis (Brazilian free-tailed bat), 5.3 percent.« less

Survey for bats in the Los Alamos National Environmental Research Park, with special emphasis on the spotted bat, Euderma maculatum

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tyrell, K.; Brack, V. Jr.

To increase knowledge about the presence of endangered species and their habitat at the LANL, 3D/Environmental Services, Inc. conducted a mist net survey for bats on Laboratory lands. In addition to documenting the presence of threatened and endangered species, this survey was conducted to gain more knowledge about the diversity and distribution of the bat fauna existing on the Laboratory. There are 25 species of bats found in New Mexico, about 16 of which are likely to occur in the region of the Laboratory. Of particular interest was documentation of the presence of the spotted bat, Euderma maculatum. The spottedmore » bat is listed as Endangered, Group 2 by the State of New Mexico, and is a Federal Candidate for listing as endangered. As such, conservation of this species and its habitat should be a management priority on the Laboratory. A total of 94 bats were captured in 16 net nights, between 30 June and 05 July 1992. Thirteen species of bats were caught during the study: Antrozous pallidus (pallid bat), 10.6 percent; Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat), 10.6 percent; Lasionycteris noctivigans (silver-haired bat), 16 percent; Lasiurus cinereus (hoary bat), 11.7 percent; Myotis californicus (California myotis), 4.3 percent; M. evotis (long-eared myotis), 7.4 percent; M. leibii (small-footed myotis), 5.3 percent; M. thysanodes (fringed myotis), 13.8 percent; M. volans (long-legged myotis), 7.4 percent of the catch; M. yumanensis,(Yuma myotis), 5.3 percent; Pipistrellus hesperus (western pipistrelle), 1.1 percent; Plecotus townsendii (Townsend's big-eared bat), 1.1 percent, and Tadarida brasiliensis (Brazilian free-tailed bat), 5.3 percent.« less

A 15-year review of midface reconstruction after total and subtotal maxillectomy: part I. Algorithm and outcomes.

PubMed

Cordeiro, Peter G; Chen, Constance M

2012-01-01

Reconstruction of complex midfacial defects is best approached with a clear algorithm. The goals of reconstruction are functional and aesthetic. Over a 15-year period (1992 to 2006), a single surgeon (P.G.C.) performed 100 flaps to reconstruct the following midfacial defects: type I, limited maxillectomy (n = 20); type IIA, subtotal maxillectomy with resection of less than 50 percent of the palate (n = 8); type IIB, subtotal maxillectomy with resection of greater than 50 percent of the palate (n = 8); type IIIA, total maxillectomy with preservation of the orbital contents (n = 22); type IIIB, total maxillectomy with orbital exenteration (n = 23); and type IV, orbitomaxillectomy (n = 19). Free flaps were used in 94 cases (94 percent), and pedicled flaps were used in six (6 percent). One hundred flaps were performed in 96 patients (69 males, 72 percent; 27 females, 28 percent); four patients underwent a second flap reconstruction due to recurrent disease (n = 4, 4 percent). Average patient age was 49.2 years (range, 13 to 81 years). Free-flap survival was 100 percent, with one partial flap loss (1 percent). Five patients suffered systemic complications (5.2 percent), and four died within 30 days of hospitalization (4.2 percent). Over 50 percent of patients returned to normal diet and speech. Almost 60 percent were judged to have an excellent aesthetic result. Free-tissue transfer offers the most effective and reliable form of reconstruction for complex maxillectomy defects. Rectus abdominis and radial forearm free flaps in combination with immediate bone grafting or as osteocutaneous flaps consistently provide the best functional and aesthetic results. Therapeutic, IV.

Mechanical stimulation of skeletal muscle mitigates glucocorticoid induced decreases in prostaglandin synthesis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chromiak, Joseph A.; Vandenburgh, Herman H.

1993-01-01

The glucocorticoid dexamethasone (Dex) induces a decline in protein synthesis and protein content of tissue cultured, avian skeletal muscle cells, and this atrophy is attenuated by repetitive mechanical stretch. Since the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor indomethacin mitigated this stretch attenuation of muscle atrophy, the role of prostaglandins as growth modulators in these processes was examined. Dex at 10(exp -8) M reduced PGF(sub 2(alpha)) production 55 percent - 65 percent and PGE(sub 2) production 84 - 90 percent after 24 - 72 h of incubation in static cultures. Repetitive 10 percent stretch-relaxations of the non-Dex treated cultures increased PGF(sub 2(alpha)) efflux 41 percent at 24 h and 276 percent at 72 h and increased PGE(sub 2) production 51 percent at 24 h and 236 percent at 72 h. Mechanical stimulation of Dex treated cultures increased PGF(sub 2(alpha)) production 162 percent after 24 h, thus returning PGF(sub 2(alpha)) efflux to the level of non-Dex treated cultures. At 72 h, stretch increased PGF(sub 2(alpha)) efflux 65 percent in Dex treated cultures, but PGF(sub 2(alpha)) production was 45-84 percent less than non-Dex treated cultures. Mechanical stimulation of Dex treated cultures increased PGE(sub 2) production at 24 h, but not at 72 h. Dex reduced prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS) activity in the muscle cultures by 70 percent after 8 - 24 h of incubation, and mechanical stimulation increased PGHS activity of the Dex treated cultures by 98 percent. It is concluded that repetitive mechanical stimulation attenuates the catabolic effects of Dex on cultured skeletal muscle cells in part by reversing the Dex-induced declines in PGHS activity and prostaglandin production.

Neurologic and developmental disability after extremely preterm birth. EPICure Study Group.

PubMed

Wood, N S; Marlow, N; Costeloe, K; Gibson, A T; Wilkinson, A R

2000-08-10

Small studies show that many children born as extremely preterm infants have neurologic and developmental disabilities. We evaluated all children who were born at 25 or fewer completed weeks of gestation in the United Kingdom and Ireland from March through December 1995 at the time when they reached a median age of 30 months. Each child underwent a formal assessment by an independent examiner. Development was evaluated with use of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, and neurologic function was assessed by a standardized examination. Disability and severe disability were defined by predetermined criteria. At a median age of 30 months, corrected for gestational age, 283 (92 percent) of the 308 surviving children were formally assessed. The mean (+/-SD) scores on the Bayley Mental and Psychomotor Developmental Indexes, referenced to a population mean of 100, were 84+/-12 and 87+/-13, respectively. Fifty-three children (19 percent) had severely delayed development (with scores more than 3 SD below the mean), and a further 32 children (11 percent) had scores from 2 SD to 3 SD below the mean. Twenty-eight children (10 percent) had severe neuromotor disability, 7 (2 percent) were blind or perceived light only, and 8 (3 percent) had hearing loss that was uncorrectable or required aids. Overall, 138 children had disability (49 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 43 to 55 percent), including 64 who met the criteria for severe disability (23 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 18 to 28 percent). When data from 17 assessments by local pediatricians were included, 155 of the 314 infants discharged (49 percent) had no disability. Severe disability is common among children born as extremely preterm infants.

Estimated Withdrawals and Other Elements of Water Use in the Great Lakes Basin of the United States in 2005

USGS Publications Warehouse

Mills, Patrick C.; Sharpe, Jennifer B.

2010-01-01

Estimates of water withdrawals in the United States part of the Great Lakes Basin and 107 of its watersheds designated by the 8-digit hydrologic unit code (HUCs) indicate that about 30.3 billion gallons per day (Bgal/d) were withdrawn for practically all categories of use in 2005. Virtually all water withdrawn was freshwater. Surface-water withdrawals totaled 28.8 Bgal/d, or 95 percent of total withdrawals; about 24 Bgal/d was withdrawn from the Great Lakes or their connecting channels. Total withdrawals, and total surface-water withdrawals, decreased 7 percent from 1995 to 2005, generally following the withdrawal trends of industrial use and that of the largest use-thermoelectric power. Groundwater withdrawals increased 3 percent from 1995 to 2005 and 33 percent during 1985-2005. The substantial increase since 1985 results primarily from increases in irrigation and self-supplied domestic withdrawals. In 2005, withdrawals for public supply, domestic, and irrigation use accounted for 81 percent of groundwater withdrawals. About 21.9 Bgal/d, or 72 percent of total withdrawals for 2005, was used for thermoelectric power. Virtually all of this water was derived from surface water and used for once-through cooling at powerplants. As such, the reuse potential of this water in the basin is high, with the majority of the withdrawn water returned to its surface-water source. Public-supply withdrawals were 3.81 Bgal/d (13 percent), with withdrawals declining by about 13 percent from 1995 to 2005. In 2005, about 77 percent of the population in the Great Lakes Basin obtained drinking water from public suppliers, compared to about 78 percent in 1995 and 83 percent in 1985. Surface water consistently provided about 88 percent of the total withdrawals for public supply since 1985. Self-supplied industrial withdrawals in 2005 totaled 2.93 Bgal/d (10 percent), possibly as much as 30 percent less than in 1995. Surface water was the source for 95 percent of industrial withdrawals. Combined withdrawals for mining, irrigation, domestic, aquaculture, and livestock use (in order of decreasing rate) were 1.63 Bgal/d, or only 5 percent of total withdrawals; the withdrawals were distributed almost equally between surface-water and groundwater sources. Withdrawals for each of these uses, except livestock, increased almost continuously during 1985-2005. Withdrawals for mining increased 103 percent and for irrigation 94 percent during 1985-2005; livestock withdrawals decreased 25 percent from their peak in 1990. The number of irrigated acres increased 56 percent since 1985, totaling 750,000 acres in 2005. No use of reclaimed wastewater for industrial or irrigation applications was reported; however, sources of information regarding its use were sparse. Within the basin, the Lake Michigan watershed accounted for 15.0 Bgal/d, or 49 percent, of total water withdrawals for 2005; an estimated 12.3 Bgal/d was withdrawn directly from Lake Michigan. The State of Michigan accounted for 38 percent of total water withdrawals, representing the largest surface-water withdrawals (primarily for thermoelectric power use) and groundwater withdrawals (primarily for public supply and self-supplied domestic use). A disproportionately large percentage of surface-water withdrawals (6 percent, 1.80 Bgal/d) were in Illinois, given this state represents less than 1 percent of the land area of the basin. Ninety percent of the Illinois population served by the water withdrawn from Lake Michigan for public supply resides outside the basin. Within land-based HUCs, the Lower Maumee (04100009) of Ohio accounted for the largest total withdrawal and total surface-water withdrawal (about 0.75 Bgal/d). The St. Joseph (04050001) of Michigan and Indiana accounted for the largest total groundwater withdrawal (0.25 Bgal/d).

What’s in a dental practice-based research network?

PubMed Central

Cunha-Cruz, Joana; Hilton, Thomas J.; Ferracane, Jack; Berg, Joel; Zhou, Lingmei; Rothen, Marilynn

2011-01-01

Objectives The authors conducted a study to describe the general dentists, practices, patients and patient care patterns of the dental practice-based research network (PBRN) Northwest Practice-based REsearch Collaborative in Evidence-based DENTistry (PRECEDENT). Methods Northwest PRECEDENT is a dental PBRN of general and pediatric dentists and orthodontists from five U.S. states in the Northwest: Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Utah and Washington. The authors collected data from general dentists in Northwest PRECEDENT (n = 101) regarding the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases in a survey with a systematic random sample of patients (N = 1,943) visiting their practices. They also obtained demographic data from the general dentists and their patients. Results The authors found that 50 percent of the general dentists were 51 to 60 years of age, 14 percent were female and 76 percent were non-Hispanic white. More than one-half (55 percent) of the dentists had practiced dentistry for more than 20 years, 83 percent had private solo practices and 32 percent practiced in rural community settings. The majority (71 percent) of patients visiting the dental practices was in the age range of 18 to 64 years, 55 percent were female and 84 percent were non-Hispanic white. In terms of reasons for seeking dental care, 52 percent of patients overall visited the dentist for oral examinations, checkups, prophylaxis or caries-preventive treatment. In the preceding year, 85 percent of the patients had received prophylaxis, 49 percent restorative treatments, 34 percent caries-preventive treatments and 10 percent endodontic treatments. Conclusions Northwest PRECEDENT general dentists are dispersed geographically and are racially and ethnically diverse, owing in part to efforts by network administrators and coordinators to enroll minority dentists and those who practice in rural areas. Estimates of characteristics of dentists and patients in Northwest PRECEDENT will be valuable in planning future studies of oral diseases and treatments. PMID:20592411

Healthcare resources are inadequate to address the burden of illness among HIV-infected male prisoners in Malaysia.

PubMed

Bick, Joseph; Culbert, Gabriel; Al-Darraji, Haider A; Koh, Clayton; Pillai, Veena; Kamarulzaman, Adeeba; Altice, Frederick

2016-12-19

Purpose Criminalization of drug use in Malaysia has concentrated people who inject drugs (PWID) and people living with HIV into prisons where health services are minimal and HIV-related mortality is high. Few studies have comprehensively assessed the complex health needs of this population. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach From October 2012 through March 2013, 221 sequentially selected HIV-infected male prisoners underwent a comprehensive health assessment that included a structured history, physical examination, and clinically indicated diagnostic studies. Findings Participants were mostly PWID (83.7 percent) and diagnosed with HIV while incarcerated (66.9 percent). Prevalence of hepatitis C virus (90.4 percent), untreated syphilis (8.1 percent), active (13.1 percent), and latent (81.2 percent) tuberculosis infection was several fold higher than non-prisoner Malaysian adults, as was tobacco use (71.9 percent) and heavy drinking (30.8 percent). Most (89.5 percent) were aware of their HIV status before the current incarceration, yet few had been engaged previously in HIV care, including pre-incarceration CD4 monitoring (24.7 percent) or prescribed antiretroviral therapy (ART) (16.7 percent). Despite most (73.7 percent) meeting Malaysia's criteria for ART (CD4 <350 cells/ μL), less than half (48.4 percent) ultimately received it. Nearly one-quarter (22.8 percent) of those with AIDS (<200 cells/ μL) did not receive ART. Originality/value Drug addiction and communicable disease comorbidity, which interact negatively and synergistically with HIV and pose serious public health threats, are highly prevalent in HIV-infected prisoners. Interventions to address the critical shortage of healthcare providers and large gaps in treatment for HIV and other co-morbid conditions are urgently needed to meet the health needs of HIV-infected Malaysian prisoners, most of whom will soon transition to the community.

What's in a dental practice-based research network? Characteristics of Northwest PRECEDENT dentists, their patients and office visits.

PubMed

DeRouen, Timothy A; Cunha-Cruz, Joana; Hilton, Thomas J; Ferracane, Jack; Berg, Joel; Zhou, Lingmei; Rothen, Marilynn

2010-07-01

The authors conducted a study to describe the general dentists, practices, patients and patient care patterns of the dental practice-based research network (PBRN) Northwest Practice-based REsearch Collaborative in Evidence-based DENTistry (PRECEDENT). Northwest PRECEDENT is a dental PBRN of general and pediatric dentists and orthodontists from five U.S. states in the Northwest: Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Utah and Washington. The authors collected data from general dentists in Northwest PRECEDENT (n = 101) regarding the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases in a survey with a systematic random sample of patients (N = 1,943) visiting their practices. They also obtained demographic data from the general dentists and their patients. The authors found that 50 percent of the general dentists were 51 to 60 years of age, 14 percent were female and 76 percent were non-Hispanic white. More than one-half (55 percent) of the dentists had practiced dentistry for more than 20 years, 83 percent had private solo practices and 32 percent practiced in rural community settings. The majority (71 percent) of patients visiting the dental practices was in the age range of 18 to 64 years, 55 percent were female and 84 percent were non-Hispanic white. In terms of reasons for seeking dental care, 52 percent of patients overall visited the dentist for oral examinations, checkups, prophylaxis or caries-preventive treatment. In the preceding year, 85 percent of the patients had received prophylaxis, 49 percent restorative treatments, 34 percent caries-preventive treatments and 10 percent endodontic treatments. Northwest PRECEDENT general dentists are dispersed geographically and are racially and ethnically diverse, owing in part to efforts by network administrators and coordinators to enroll minority dentists and those who practice in rural areas. Estimates of characteristics of dentists and patients in Northwest PRECEDENT will be valuable in planning future studies of oral diseases and treatments.

Enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin with fibrinolysis for ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

PubMed

Antman, Elliott M; Morrow, David A; McCabe, Carolyn H; Murphy, Sabina A; Ruda, Mikhail; Sadowski, Zygmunt; Budaj, Andrzej; López-Sendón, Jose L; Guneri, Sema; Jiang, Frank; White, Harvey D; Fox, Keith A A; Braunwald, Eugene

2006-04-06

Unfractionated heparin is often used as adjunctive therapy with fibrinolysis in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. We compared a low-molecular-weight heparin, enoxaparin, with unfractionated heparin for this purpose. We randomly assigned 20,506 patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction who were scheduled to undergo fibrinolysis to receive enoxaparin throughout the index hospitalization or weight-based unfractionated heparin for at least 48 hours. The primary efficacy end point was death or nonfatal recurrent myocardial infarction through 30 days. The primary end point occurred in 12.0 percent of patients in the unfractionated heparin group and 9.9 percent of those in the enoxaparin group (17 percent reduction in relative risk, P<0.001). Nonfatal reinfarction occurred in 4.5 percent of the patients receiving unfractionated heparin and 3.0 percent of those receiving enoxaparin (33 percent reduction in relative risk, P<0.001); 7.5 percent of patients given unfractionated heparin died, as did 6.9 percent of those given enoxaparin (P=0.11). The composite of death, nonfatal reinfarction, or urgent revascularization occurred in 14.5 percent of patients given unfractionated heparin and 11.7 percent of those given enoxaparin (P<0.001); major bleeding occurred in 1.4 percent and 2.1 percent, respectively (P<0.001). The composite of death, nonfatal reinfarction, or nonfatal intracranial hemorrhage (a measure of net clinical benefit) occurred in 12.2 percent of patients given unfractionated heparin and 10.1 percent of those given enoxaparin (P<0.001). In patients receiving fibrinolysis for ST-elevation myocardial infarction, treatment with enoxaparin throughout the index hospitalization is superior to treatment with unfractionated heparin for 48 hours but is associated with an increase in major bleeding episodes. These findings should be interpreted in the context of net clinical benefit. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00077792.). Copyright 2006 Massachusetts Medical Society.

National Health Expenditures, 19801

PubMed Central

Gibson, Robert M.; Waldo, Daniel R.

1981-01-01

The United States spent an estimated $247 billion for health care in 1980 (Figure 1), an amount equal to 9.4 percent of the Gross National Product (GNP). Highlights of the figures that underlie this estimate include the following: Health care expenditures in 1980 accelerated at a time when the economy as a whole exhibited sluggish growth. The 9.4 percent share of the GNP was a dramatic increase from the 8.9 percent share in 1979.Health care expenditures amounted to $1,067 per person in 1980 (Table 1). Of that amount, $450, or 42.2 percent, came from public funds.Expenditures for health care included $64.9 billion in premiums to private health insurance, $70.9 billion in Federal payments, and $33.3 billion in State and local government funds (Table 2).Hospital care accounted for 40.3 percent of total health care spending in 1980 (Table 3). These expenditures increased 16.2 percent between 1979 and 1980, to a level of $99.6 billion.Spending for the services of physicians increased 14.5 percent to $46.6 billion, 18.9 percent of all health care spending.All third parties combined—private health insurers, governments, philanthropists, and industry—financed 67.6 percent of the $217.9 billion spent for personal health care in 1980 (Table 4), ranging from 90.9 percent of hospital care services to 62.7 percent of physicians' services and 38.5 percent of the remainder (Table 5).Direct payments by consumers reached $70.6 billion in 1980 (Table 6). This accounted for 32.4 percent of all personal health care expenses.Outlays for health care benefits by the Medicare and Medicaid programs totaled $60.6 billion, including $35.8 billion for hospital care. The two programs combined to pay for 27.8 percent of all personal health care in the nation (Table 7). PMID:10309470

Smoking cessation: barriers to success and readiness to change.

PubMed

Guirguis, Alexander B; Ray, Shaunta M; Zingone, Michelle M; Airee, Anita; Franks, Andrea S; Keenum, Amy J

2010-10-01

Smoking cessation interventions should be individualized based on patient history and readiness for change. The objective of this study was to assess stages of change and key components of smoking and cessation history among a sample of primary care patients. A telephone survey of current or recent smokers identified smoking status, stage of change, motivation, concerns, relapse history, pharmacotherapy, and social support. Of 150 participants, most were within precontemplation (22.7 percent) or contemplation (44.0 percent) stages of change; 14.0 percent were in preparation, 4.7 percent in action, and 14.7 percent in maintenance. The primary motivation for quitting was to improve general health (42.3 percent). The most common cessation-related concerns were: breaking the habit, stress, and weight gain. Pharmacotherapy was discontinued due to adverse events in 31.5 percent of users. Intratreatment social support was reported by 17.5 percent. The most common reasons for relapse were falling back into the habit (36 percent), stressful situations (27 percent), and being around other smokers (25 percent). Targeted interventions are needed for patients in either precontemplation or contemplation stages. Counseling should focus on helping patients resolve barriers to cessation and reasons for relapse, particularly stress and weight management. Pharmacotherapy should be utilized when patients are ready to quit. Increased intratreatment social support and counseling appear warranted to support behavior change and appropriate medication use.

Projections of National Health Expenditures, 1980, 1985, and 1990

PubMed Central

Freeland, Mark; Calat, George; Schendler, Carol Ellen

1980-01-01

This paper presents projections of national health expenditures by type of expenditure and sources of funds for 1980, 1985, and 1990. A major purpose of these projections is to provide a baseline for health care expenditures in the absence of national health insurance and cost containment. Rapid growth in health expenditures is projected to continue to 1990. National health expenditures increased 350 percent between 1965 and 1978, reaching $192 billion in 1978. They are projected to reach $245 billion in 1980, $440 billion in 1985 and $760 billion in 1990, under current legislation. As a proportion of the Gross National Product (GNP), health expenditures rose from 6.2 percent to 9.1 percent between 1965 and 1978. They are projected to continue to rise, reaching 10.5 percent by 1985 and 11.5 percent by 1990. Sources of payments for these expenditures are also shifting. From 1965 to 1978, the percentage of total health expenditures that was government financed increased 16 percentage points, from 25 to 41 percent. The Federal share of public funds during the same period grew rapidly, from 53 percent in 1965 to 69 percent in 1978. In 1985, approximately 42 percent of total health spending is projected to be financed from public funds, of which 72 percent will be paid by the Federal government. Public funds are expected to account for 43 percent of total national health expenditures by 1990. PMID:10309132

Summary of estimated water use in the United States in 2015

USGS Publications Warehouse

Maupin, Molly A.

2018-06-19

A total of 322 Bgal/d of water withdrawals was reported for eight categories of use in the United States in 2015, which was 9 percent less than in 2010 (354 Bgal/d), and continued a declining trend since 2005. The decline in total withdrawals in 2015 primarily was caused by significant decreases (28.8 Bgal/d) in thermoelectric power, which accounted for 89 percent of the decrease in total withdrawals. Between 2010 and 2015, withdrawals decreased in all categories except irrigation (2 percent increase), mining (1 percent increase), and livestock (no change). Fresh surface-water withdrawals (198 Bgal/d) were 14 percent less than in 2010, and fresh groundwater withdrawals (82.3 Bgal/d) were about 8 percent more than in 2010. Saline surface-water withdrawals (38.6 Bgal/d) were 14 percent less than in 2010, and saline groundwater withdrawals (2.34 Bgal/d) were 5 percent more than in 2010. Total population in the United States in 2015 (325 million) increased by 4 percent (12.4 million) from 2010, which was similar to the increase between 2005 and 2010. For the first time since 1995, consumptive use for irrigation and thermoelectric power were reported. Consumptive use accounted for 62 percent (73.2 Bgal/d) of water used for irrigation, and 3 percent (4.31 Bgal/d) of water used for thermoelectric power in 2015.

Preliminary investigation of zirconium boride ceramals for gas-turbine blade applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hoffman, Charles A

1953-01-01

Zirconium boride ZrB2 ceramals were investigated for possible gas-turbine-blade application. Included in the study were thermal shock evaluations of disks, preliminary turbine-blade operation, and observations of oxidation resistance. Thermal shock disks of the following three compositions were studied: (a) 97.5 percent ZrB2 plus 2.5 percent B by weight; (b) 92.5 percent ZrB2 plus 7.5 percent B by weight; and (c) 100 percent ZrB2. Thermal shock disks were quenched from temperatures of 1800 degrees, 2000 degrees, 2200 degrees, and 2400 degrees F. The life of turbine blades containing 93 percent ZrB2 plus 7 percent B by weight was determined in gas-turbine tests. The blades were run at approximately 1600 degrees F and 15,000 to 26,000 rpm. The thermal shock resistance of the 97.5 percent ZrB2 plus 2.5 percent boron ceramals compares favorably with that of TiC plus Co and TiC plus Ni ceramals. Oxidation of the disks during the thermal shock evaluation was slight for the comparatively short time (8.3 hr) up through 2000 degrees F. Oxidation of a specimen was severe, however, after 100 hours at 2000 degrees F. The turbine blade performance evaluation of the 93 percent ZrB2 plus 7 percent B composition was preliminary in scope ; no conclusions can be drawn.

Responses to Medicare Drug Costs among Near-Poor versus Subsidized Beneficiaries

PubMed Central

Fung, Vicki; Reed, Mary; Price, Mary; Brand, Richard; Dow, William H; Newhouse, Joseph P; Hsu, John

2013-01-01

Objective There is limited information on the protective value of Medicare Part D low-income subsidies (LIS). We compared responses to drug costs for LIS recipients with near-poor (≤200 percent of the Federal Poverty Level) and higher income beneficiaries without the LIS. Data Sources/Study Setting Medicare Advantage beneficiaries in 2008. Study Design We examined three drug cost responses using multivariate logistic regression: cost-reducing behaviors (e.g., switching to generics), nonadherence (e.g., not refilling prescriptions), and financial stress (e.g., going without necessities). Data Collection Telephone interviews in a stratified random sample (N = 1,201, 70 percent response rate). Principal Findings After adjustment, a comparable percentage of unsubsidized near-poor (26 percent) and higher income beneficiaries reported cost-reducing behaviors (23 percent, p = .63); fewer LIS beneficiaries reported cost-reducing behaviors (15 percent, p = .019 vs near-poor). Unsubsidized near-poor beneficiaries were more likely to reduce adherence (8.2 percent) than higher income (3.5 percent, p = .049) and LIS beneficiaries (3.1 percent, p = .027). Near-poor beneficiaries also more frequently experienced financial stress due to drug costs (20 percent) than higher income beneficiaries (11 percent, p = .050) and LIS beneficiaries (11 percent, p = .015). Conclusions Low-income subsidies provide protection from drug cost-related nonadherence and financial stress. Beneficiaries just above the LIS income threshold are most at risk for these potentially adverse behaviors. PMID:23663197

21 CFR 74.1104 - D&C Blue No. 4.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... than 15 percent. Water-insoluble matter, not more than 0.2 percent. Leuco base, not more than 5 percent...- sulfobenzyl) sulfanilic acid ammonium salt, not more than 0.3 percent. Subsidiary colors, not more than 6...

21 CFR 74.1104 - D&C Blue No. 4.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... than 15 percent. Water-insoluble matter, not more than 0.2 percent. Leuco base, not more than 5 percent...- sulfobenzyl) sulfanilic acid ammonium salt, not more than 0.3 percent. Subsidiary colors, not more than 6...

Alloy and structural optimization of a directionally solidified lamellar eutectic alloy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sheffler, K. D.

1976-01-01

Mechanical property characterization tests of a directionally solidified Ni-20 percent Cb-2.5 percent Al-6 percent Cr cellular eutectic turbine blade alloy demonstrated excellent long time creep stability and indicated intermediate temperature transverse tensile ductility and shear strength to be somewhat low for turbine blade applications. Alloy and structural optimization significantly improves these off-axis properties with no loss of longitudinal creep strength or stability. The optimized alloy-structure combination is a carbon modified Ni-20.1 percent Cb-2.5 percent Al-6.0 percent Cr-0.06 percent C composition processed under conditions producing plane front solidification and a fully-lamellar microstructure. With current processing technology, this alloy exhibits a creep-rupture advantage of 39 C over the best available nickel base superalloy, directionally solidified MAR M200+ Hf. While improved by about 20 percent, shear strength of the optimized alloy remains well below typical superalloy values.

Blood and urine responses to ingesting fluids of various salt and glucose concentrations. [to combat orthostatic intolerance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Frey, Mary A.; Riddle, Jeanne; Charles, John B.; Bungo, Michael W.

1991-01-01

To compensate for the reduced blood and fluid volumes that develop during weightlessness, the Space Shuttle crewmembers consume salt tablets and water equivalent to 1 l of normal saline, about 2 hrs before landing. This paper compares the effects on blood, urine, and cardiovascular variables of the ingestion of 1 l of normal (0.9 percent) saline with the effects of distilled water, 1 percent glucose, 0.74 percent saline with 1 percent glucose, 0.9 percent saline with 1 percent glucose, and 1.07 percent saline. It was found that the expansion of plasma volume and the concentration of urine were greater 4 hrs after ingestion of 1.07 percent saline solution than after ingestion of normal saline and that the solutions containig glucose did not enhance any variables as compared with normal saline.

1969 Oregon timber harvest.

Treesearch

Brian R. Wall

1970-01-01

The 1969 Oregon timber harvest of 9.15 billion board feet was 6.1 percent below the 1968 16-year peak of 9.74 billion board feet. In western Oregon, the 1969 harvest was down 9.1 percent with public production and private production off 10.8 and 7.2 percent, respectively. By contrast, log harvest in eastern Oregon rose 5 percent, with private production up 13.2 percent...

A preview of Kentucky's forest resource

Treesearch

Joseph E. Barnard; Teresa M. Bowers

1977-01-01

Forty-eight percent of the total land area of Kentucky is forest. Sixty-three percent of this forest land is the oak-hickory forest type and 47 percent of the forest area supports sawtimber stands. There has been a 23-percent increase in the volume of growing stock and a 24-percent increase in the volume of sawtimber since the 1963 inventory. Total volume of growing...

Basic Facts about Low-Income Children: Children 12 through 17 Years, 2013. Fact Sheet

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jiang, Yang; Ekono, Mercedes; Skinner, Curtis

2015-01-01

Children under 18 years represent 23 percent of the population, but they comprise 33 percent of all people in poverty. Among all children, 44 percent live in low-income families and approximately one in every five (22 percent) live in poor families. Among our oldest children--adolescents age 12 through 17 years--41 percent live in low-income…

30 CFR 15.30 - Technical requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... air containing 7.7 to 8.3 percent natural gas or 8.7 to 9.3 percent methane. The air temperature is... natural gas, or 4.3 to 4.7 percent methane, mixed with 0.2 ounces per cubic foot of predispersed... detonators and fired in air containing 7.7 to 8.3 percent natural gas or 8.7 to 9.3 percent methane. The air...

30 CFR 15.30 - Technical requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... air containing 7.7 to 8.3 percent natural gas or 8.7 to 9.3 percent methane. The air temperature is... natural gas, or 4.3 to 4.7 percent methane, mixed with 0.2 ounces per cubic foot of predispersed... detonators and fired in air containing 7.7 to 8.3 percent natural gas or 8.7 to 9.3 percent methane. The air...

30 CFR 15.30 - Technical requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... air containing 7.7 to 8.3 percent natural gas or 8.7 to 9.3 percent methane. The air temperature is... natural gas, or 4.3 to 4.7 percent methane, mixed with 0.2 ounces per cubic foot of predispersed... detonators and fired in air containing 7.7 to 8.3 percent natural gas or 8.7 to 9.3 percent methane. The air...

30 CFR 15.30 - Technical requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... air containing 7.7 to 8.3 percent natural gas or 8.7 to 9.3 percent methane. The air temperature is... natural gas, or 4.3 to 4.7 percent methane, mixed with 0.2 ounces per cubic foot of predispersed... detonators and fired in air containing 7.7 to 8.3 percent natural gas or 8.7 to 9.3 percent methane. The air...

78 FR 51143 - Aluminum Extrusions From the People's Republic of China: Initiation of Changed Circumstances...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-20

... the major alloying element, with manganese accounting for not more than 3.0 percent of total materials... magnesium accounting for at least 0.1 percent but not more than 2.0 percent of total materials by weight, and silicon accounting for at least 0.1 percent but not more than 3.0 percent of total materials by...

34 CFR 379.53 - What are the minimum performance levels for each compliance indicator?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... employment as follows: (i) No less than 50 percent during fiscal year (FY) 2001. (ii) No less than 51 percent during FY 2002. (iii) No less than 52 percent during FY 2003. (iv) No less than 54 percent during FY 2004. (v) No less than 55 percent during FY 2005 and any year thereafter. (2) Change in earnings. (i...

21 CFR 358.710 - Active ingredients for the control of dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, or psoriasis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... to be applied and left on the skin or scalp. (4) Salicylic acid, 1.8 to 3 percent. (5) Selenium sulfide, 1 percent. (6) Selenium sulfide, micronized, 0.6 percent. (7) Sulfur, 2 to 5 percent. (b) Active...) Pyrithione zinc, 0.1 to 0.25 percent when formulated to be applied and left on the skin or scalp. (4...

21 CFR 358.710 - Active ingredients for the control of dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, or psoriasis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... to be applied and left on the skin or scalp. (4) Salicylic acid, 1.8 to 3 percent. (5) Selenium sulfide, 1 percent. (6) Selenium sulfide, micronized, 0.6 percent. (7) Sulfur, 2 to 5 percent. (b) Active...) Pyrithione zinc, 0.1 to 0.25 percent when formulated to be applied and left on the skin or scalp. (4...

21 CFR 358.710 - Active ingredients for the control of dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, or psoriasis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... to be applied and left on the skin or scalp. (4) Salicylic acid, 1.8 to 3 percent. (5) Selenium sulfide, 1 percent. (6) Selenium sulfide, micronized, 0.6 percent. (7) Sulfur, 2 to 5 percent. (b) Active...) Pyrithione zinc, 0.1 to 0.25 percent when formulated to be applied and left on the skin or scalp. (4...

21 CFR 358.710 - Active ingredients for the control of dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, or psoriasis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... to be applied and left on the skin or scalp. (4) Salicylic acid, 1.8 to 3 percent. (5) Selenium sulfide, 1 percent. (6) Selenium sulfide, micronized, 0.6 percent. (7) Sulfur, 2 to 5 percent. (b) Active...) Pyrithione zinc, 0.1 to 0.25 percent when formulated to be applied and left on the skin or scalp. (4...

21 CFR 358.710 - Active ingredients for the control of dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, or psoriasis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... to be applied and left on the skin or scalp. (4) Salicylic acid, 1.8 to 3 percent. (5) Selenium sulfide, 1 percent. (6) Selenium sulfide, micronized, 0.6 percent. (7) Sulfur, 2 to 5 percent. (b) Active...) Pyrithione zinc, 0.1 to 0.25 percent when formulated to be applied and left on the skin or scalp. (4...

Significant deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc in the United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Long, K.R.; DeYoung, J.H.; Ludington, S.

2000-01-01

Approximately 99 percent of past production and remaining identified resources of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc in the United States are accounted for by deposits that originally contained at least 2 metric tonnes (t) gold, 85 t silver, 50,000 t copper, 30,000 t lead, or 50,000 t zinc. The U.S. Geological Survey, beginning with the 1996 National Mineral Resource Assessment, is systematically compiling data on these deposits, collectively known as 'significant' deposits. As of December 31, 1996, the significant deposits database contained 1,118 entries corresponding to individual deposits or mining districts. Maintaining, updating and analyzing a database of this size is much easier than managing the more than 100,000 records in the Mineral Resource Data System and Minerals Availability System/Minerals Industry Location System, yet the significant deposits database accounts for almost all past production and remaining identified resources of these metals in the United States. About 33 percent of gold, 22 percent of silver, 42 percent of copper, 39 percent of lead, and 46 percent of zinc are contained in or were produced from deposits discovered after World War II. Even within a database of significant deposits, a disproportionate share of past production and remaining resources is accounted for by a very small number of deposits. The largest 10 producers for each metal account for one third of the gold, 60 percent of the silver, 68 percent of the copper, 85 percent of the lead, and 75 percent of the zinc produced in the United States. The 10 largest deposits in terms of identified remaining resources of each of the five metals contain 43 percent of the gold, 56 percent of the silver, 48 percent of the copper, 94 percent of the lead, and 72 percent of the zinc. Identified resources in significant deposits for each metal are less than the mean estimates of resources in undiscovered deposits from the 1996 U.S. National Mineral Resource Assessment. Identified resources are roughly the same magnitude as cumulative past production. Assuming that roughly the same proportion of resources in undiscovered deposits will occur in significant deposits, a substantial number of significant deposits remain to be discovered.

Teaching alternatives to the standard inferior alveolar nerve block in dental education: outcomes in clinical practice.

PubMed

Johnson, Thomas M; Badovinac, Rachel; Shaefer, Jeffry

2007-09-01

Surveys were sent to Harvard School of Dental Medicine students and graduates from the classes of 2000 through 2006 to determine their current primary means of achieving mandibular anesthesia. Orthodontists and orthodontic residents were excluded. All subjects received clinical training in the conventional inferior alveolar nerve block and two alternative techniques (the Akinosi mandibular block and the Gow-Gates mandibular block) during their predoctoral dental education. This study tests the hypothesis that students and graduates who received training in the conventional inferior alveolar nerve block, the Akinosi mandibular block, and the Gow-Gates mandibular block will report more frequent current utilization of alternatives to the conventional inferior alveolar nerve block than clinicians trained in the conventional technique only. At the 95 percent confidence level, we estimated that between 3.7 percent and 16.1 percent (mean=8.5 percent) of clinicians trained in using the Gow-Gates technique use this injection technique primarily, and between 35.4 percent and 56.3 percent (mean=47.5 percent) of those trained in the Gow-Gates method never use this technique. At the same confidence level, between 0.0 percent and 3.8 percent (mean=0.0 percent) of clinicians trained in using the Akinosi technique use this injection clinical technique primarily, and between 62.2 percent and 81.1 percent (mean=72.3 percent) of those trained in the Akinosi method never use this technique. No control group that was completely untrained in the Gow-Gates or Akinosi techniques was available for comparison. However, we presume that zero percent of clinicians who have not been trained in a given technique will use the technique in clinical practice. The confidence interval for the Gow-Gates method excludes this value, while the confidence interval for the Akinosi technique includes zero percent. We conclude that, in the study population, formal clinical training in the Gow-Gates and Akinosi injection techniques lead to a small but significant increase in current primary utilization of the Gow-Gates technique. No significant increase in current primary utilization of the Akinosi technique was found.

Cardiovascular effects of intraosseous injections of 2 percent lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and 3 percent mepivacaine.

PubMed

Replogle, K; Reader, A; Nist, R; Beck, M; Weaver, J; Meyers, W J

1999-05-01

Because a number of patients have reported an increase in heart rate with the intraosseous, or i.o., injection, it is important to evaluate changes in the cardiovascular system with this injection technique. The purpose of this study was to determine the cardiovascular effects of an i.o. injection of 2 percent lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and 3 percent mepivacaine. With the use of a repeated-measures design, the authors randomly assigned 42 subjects to receive i.o. injections of 1.8 milliliters of 2 percent lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine or 1.8 mL of 3 percent mepivacaine in a double-blinded manner at two appointments. At each appointment the authors monitored electrocardiographic findings, cardiac rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure before, during and after administration of anesthetic solutions. With the 2 percent lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine solution, 28 (67 percent) of 42 subjects experienced an increase in heart rate that might be attributed to the effect of the epinephrine. In 22 (79 percent) of these subjects, the heart rate returned to within 5 beats of baseline values within four minutes after solution deposition. The authors found no significant increase in heart rate in subjects receiving the 3 percent mepivacaine. No significant differences (P > .05) were found in mean diastolic, mean systolic or mean arterial blood pressure values between the subjects receiving 2 percent lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and those receiving 3 percent mepivacaine. The majority of subjects receiving the i.o. injection of the 2 percent lidocaine-epinephrine solution experienced a transient increase in heart rate. No significant increase in heart rate was seen with the i.o. injection of 3 percent mepivacaine. While patients would likely notice the heart rate increase with the lidocaine-epinephrine solution, it would not be clinically significant in most healthy patients. In patients whose medical condition, drug therapies or epinephrine sensitivity suggests caution, 3 percent mepivacaine is a good alternative for i.o. injections.

An analysis of skin prick test reactions in 656 asthmatic patients.

PubMed Central

Hendrick, D J; Davies, R J; D'Souza, M F; Pepys, J

1975-01-01

Of 656 asthmatic patients referred specifically for allergy assessments, 544 (84 percent) gave positive immediate skin prick tests to at least one of 22 common allergens used routinely. Comparison of these skin test positive patients with the 102 (16 percent) who were skin test negative showed a number of significant differences. The majority of the skin test positive patients (52 percent) were less than 10 years old at the time of onset of the asthma, whereas, of the skin test negative patients, 56 percent were aged over 30 years at the time of onset. Seventy per cent report rhinitis compared with 48 per cent of the skin test negative patients, and 29 per cent reported infantile eczema compared with 9 per cent. Symptoms attributed to house dust, pollens, and animals were noted two to three times more frequently by the skin test positive patients, while corticosteroid drugs had been used more commonly by the skin test negative patients (45 percent compared with 35 percent). No significant differences were observed with the other factors studied, namely, history of urticaria or angio-oedema, family history of "allergic" disease, and awareness of sensitivity to foods, aspirin or penicillin. Prick test reactions in the skin test positive patients were most commonly seen to house dust or the acarine mite, Dermatophagoides farinae (82 percent), followed by pollens (66 percent), animal danders (38 percent), foods (16 percent), Aspergillus fumigatus (16 percent), and other moulds (21 percent). There was a highly significant association of positive history with positive prick test for all allergens studied. Images PMID:1168378

An analysis of skin prick test reactions in 656 asthmatic patients.

PubMed

Hendrick, D J; Davies, R J; D'Souza, M F; Pepys, J

1975-02-01

Of 656 asthmatic patients referred specifically for allergy assessments, 544 (84 percent) gave positive immediate skin prick tests to at least one of 22 common allergens used routinely. Comparison of these skin test positive patients with the 102 (16 percent) who were skin test negative showed a number of significant differences. The majority of the skin test positive patients (52 percent) were less than 10 years old at the time of onset of the asthma, whereas, of the skin test negative patients, 56 percent were aged over 30 years at the time of onset. Seventy per cent report rhinitis compared with 48 per cent of the skin test negative patients, and 29 per cent reported infantile eczema compared with 9 per cent. Symptoms attributed to house dust, pollens, and animals were noted two to three times more frequently by the skin test positive patients, while corticosteroid drugs had been used more commonly by the skin test negative patients (45 percent compared with 35 percent). No significant differences were observed with the other factors studied, namely, history of urticaria or angio-oedema, family history of "allergic" disease, and awareness of sensitivity to foods, aspirin or penicillin. Prick test reactions in the skin test positive patients were most commonly seen to house dust or the acarine mite, Dermatophagoides farinae (82 percent), followed by pollens (66 percent), animal danders (38 percent), foods (16 percent), Aspergillus fumigatus (16 percent), and other moulds (21 percent). There was a highly significant association of positive history with positive prick test for all allergens studied.

Identifying Physician-Recognized Depression from Administrative Data: Consequences for Quality Measurement

PubMed Central

Spettell, Claire M; Wall, Terry C; Allison, Jeroan; Calhoun, Jaimee; Kobylinski, Richard; Fargason, Rachel; Kiefe, Catarina I

2003-01-01

Background Multiple factors limit identification of patients with depression from administrative data. However, administrative data drives many quality measurement systems, including the Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS®). Methods We investigated two algorithms for identification of physician-recognized depression. The study sample was drawn from primary care physician member panels of a large managed care organization. All members were continuously enrolled between January 1 and December 31, 1997. Algorithm 1 required at least two criteria in any combination: (1) an outpatient diagnosis of depression or (2) a pharmacy claim for an antidepressant. Algorithm 2 included the same criteria as algorithm 1, but required a diagnosis of depression for all patients. With algorithm 1, we identified the medical records of a stratified, random subset of patients with and without depression (n=465). We also identified patients of primary care physicians with a minimum of 10 depressed members by algorithm 1 (n=32,819) and algorithm 2 (n=6,837). Results The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values were: Algorithm 1: 95 percent, 65 percent, 49 percent; Algorithm 2: 52 percent, 88 percent, 60 percent. Compared to algorithm 1, profiles from algorithm 2 revealed higher rates of follow-up visits (43 percent, 55 percent) and appropriate antidepressant dosage acutely (82 percent, 90 percent) and chronically (83 percent, 91 percent) (p<0.05 for all). Conclusions Both algorithms had high false positive rates. Denominator construction (algorithm 1 versus 2) contributed significantly to variability in measured quality. Our findings raise concern about interpreting depression quality reports based upon administrative data. PMID:12968818

The Public Face of Transplantation: The Potential of Education to Expand the Face Donor Pool.

PubMed

Plana, Natalie M; Kimberly, Laura L; Parent, Brendan; Khouri, Kimberly S; Diaz-Siso, J Rodrigo; Fryml, Elise M; Motosko, Catherine C; Ceradini, Daniel J; Caplan, Arthur; Rodriguez, Eduardo D

2018-01-01

Despite the growing success of facial transplantation, organ donor shortages remain challenging. Educational health campaigns can effectively inform the general public and institute behavioral modifications. A brief educational introduction to facial transplantation may positively influence the public's position on facial donation. The authors anonymously surveyed 300 participants, gathering basic demographic information, donor registration status, awareness of facial transplantation, and willingness to donate solid organs and facial allografts. Two-hundred of these participants were presented an educational video and subsequently resurveyed on facial donation. Factorial parametric analyses were performed to compare exposure responses before and after watching video exposure. Among participants completing the survey alone (control group), 49 percent were registered donors, 78 percent reported willingness to donate solid organs, and 52 percent reported willingness to donate facial allograft. Of participants who watched the video (video group) 52 percent were registered; 69 and 51 percent were willing to donate solid organs and face, respectively. Following educational intervention, 69 percent of participants in the video group reported willingness to donate facial tissue, an 18 percent increase (p < 0.05), that equated to those willing to donate solid organs. The greatest increase was observed among younger participants (23 percent); women (22 percent); Jewish (22 percent), Catholic (22 percent), and black/African American (25 percent) participants; and respondents holding a higher degree. No significant differences according to gender or ethnicity were observed. Educational interventions hold much promise for increasing the general public's awareness of facial transplantation and willingness to participate in donation of facial allografts.

Comparison of Water Vapor Measurements by Airborne Sun Photometer and Near-Coincident in Situ and Satellite Sensors during INTEX/ITCT 2004

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Livingston, J.; Schmid, B.; Redemann, J.; Russell, P. B.; Ramirez, S. A.; Eilers, J.; Gore, W.; Howard, S.; Pommier, J.; Fetzer, E. J.;

The Mechanisms of Dispersion Strengthening and Fracture in Al-based XD (TM) Alloys

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Aiken, R. M., Jr.

1990-01-01

The influence of reinforcement size, volume fraction, and matrix deformation behavior on room and elevated temperature strength, and the fracture toughness of metal matrix composites of both pure aluminum and Al(4 percent)Cu(1.5 percent)Mg with 0 to 15 vol percent TiB2 were examined. Higher TiB2 volume fractions increased the tensile yield strength both at room and elevated temperatures, and reduced the elongation to fracture. Tensile tests also indicate that small particles provided a greater increase in strength for a given volume fraction than larger particles, whereas elongation to fracture appeared to be insensitive to reinforcement size. The fracture toughness of the Al(4 percent)Cu(1.5 percent)Mg alloys decreased rapidly with TiB2 additions of 0 to 5 vol percent and more slowly with TiB2 additions of 5 to 15 vol percent. Fracture toughness appears to be independent of TiB2 particle size. The isothermal-aging response of the precipitation strengthened Al(4 percent)Cu(1.5 percent)Mg alloys was not altered by the presence of TiB2.

Private Health Insurance Flans in 1978 and 1979: A Review of Coverage, Enrollment, and Financial Experience

PubMed Central

Carroll, Marjorie Smith; Arnett, Ross H.

1981-01-01

The private health insurance industry collected $55.9 billion in premiums in 1979 and returned $50.2 billion in benefits to its subscribers. Premiums rose 12.4 percent, slightly faster than in 1978 when premiums rose 11.4 percent, to $49.7billion. Benefits rose 11.4 percent in 1979, down from the 12.6 rate in 1978. After operating expenses were deducted, the industry showed underwriting losses of $1.4 billion in 1979 and $1.5 billion in 1978. About 78 percent of the population was insured for hospital care, 76 percent for x-ray and laboratory examinations, and about 75 percent for surgical services in 1979. Smaller percentages had coverage for other types of care. An estimated 64 percent of the aged bought private hospital insurance, and about 43 percent bought surgical insurance, mostly to supplement Medicare benefits. An estimated 12 percent of persons under age 65 had no protection against the cost of hospital care either through private insurance or a public program such as Medicare or Medicaid. PMID:10309475

National Health Spending: Faster Growth In 2015 As Coverage Expands And Utilization Increases.

PubMed

Martin, Anne B; Hartman, Micah; Washington, Benjamin; Catlin, Aaron

2017-01-01

Total nominal US health care spending increased 5.8 percent and reached $3.2 trillion in 2015. On a per person basis, spending on health care increased 5.0 percent, reaching $9,990. The share of gross domestic product devoted to health care spending was 17.8 percent in 2015, up from 17.4 percent in 2014. Coverage expansions that began in 2014 as a result of the Affordable Care Act continued to affect health spending growth in 2015. In that year, the faster growth in total health care spending was primarily due to accelerated growth in spending for private health insurance (growth of 7.2 percent), hospital care (5.6 percent), and physician and clinical services (6.3 percent). Continued strong growth in Medicaid (9.7 percent) and retail prescription drug spending (9.0 percent), albeit at a slower rate than in 2014, contributed to overall health care spending growth in 2015. Project HOPE—The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.

Treatment of migraine attacks with sumatriptan. The Subcutaneous Sumatriptan International Study Group.

PubMed

1991-08-01

The headache in migraine attacks may be caused by dilatation of certain cranial arteries or arteriovenous anastomoses, by neurogenic dural plasma extravasation, or by both of these mechanisms. Sumatriptan, a novel selective agonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine-like receptors, blocks these phenomena. We investigated its efficacy in migraine. We studied 639 patients with migraine attacks in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial. We assessed the effect of subcutaneous injections of 6 or 8 mg of sumatriptan or placebo on the severity of headache and associated migrane symptoms 30, 60, and 120 minutes after treatment. Patients who were not free of pain after 60 minutes subsequently received placebo if they had initially received placebo or 8 mg of sumatriptan, and 6 mg of sumatriptan or placebo if they had initially received 6 mg of sumatriptan. After 60 minutes, the severity of headache was decreased in 72 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 68 to 76 percent) of the 422 patients given 6 mg of sumatriptan, 79 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 71 to 87 percent) of the 109 patients given 8 mg of sumatriptan, and 25 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 17 to 33 percent) of the 105 patients given placebo (data on 3 patients could not be evaluated). As compared with the placebo group, 47 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 38 to 57 percent) more patients who had received 6 mg of sumatriptan and 54 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 43 to 65 percent) more patients who had received 8 mg of sumatriptan had a decrease in the severity of headache (P less than 0.001 for both comparisons). After 120 minutes, 86 to 92 percent of the 511 patients treated with sumatriptan (202 assigned to 6 mg plus placebo, 203 to 6 mg plus 6 mg, and 106 to 8 mg plus placebo) had improvement in the severity of headache, as compared with only 37 percent of the 104 patients who received placebo once or twice (P less than 0.001 for all comparisons). Twenty-one patients were excluded from the analysis because of missing data (19) or protocol violations (2). The response rates did not differ significantly among the sumatriptan regimens. Adverse events were minor and transient in all groups. We conclude that a single 6-mg dose of sumatriptan given subcutaneously is a highly effective, rapid-acting, and well-tolerated treatment for migrane attacks. The administration of a second dose 60 minutes later to patients not responding well to an initial dose affords little additional benefit.

75 FR 5947 - Stainless Steel Sheet and Strip in Coils from Taiwan: Final Results and Rescission in Part of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-05

... also contains, by weight, phosphorus of 0.025 percent or less, silicon of between 0.20 and 0.50 percent..., chromium of between 19 and 22 percent, aluminum of no less than 5.0 percent, phosphorus of no more than 0..., silicon and molybdenum each comprise, by weight, 0.05 percent or less, with phosphorus and sulfur each...

76 FR 45509 - Final Results of Antidumping Duty Changed Circumstances Review: Carbon and Certain Alloy Steel...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-29

... sulfur, more than 0.04 percent of phosphorus, more than 0.05 percent of selenium, or more than 0.01... phosphorus and sulfur, (4) 0.006 percent or less of nitrogen, and (5) not more than 0.15 percent, in the... less, in the aggregate, of phosphorus and sulfur, (4) 0.008 percent or less of nitrogen, and (5) either...

75 FR 8650 - Carbon and Certain Alloy Steel Wire Rod from Trinidad and Tobago; Final Results of Antidumping...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-25

... sulfur, more than 0.04 percent of phosphorus, more than 0.05 percent of selenium, or more than 0.01... phosphorus and sulfur, (4) 0.006 percent or less of nitrogen, and (5) not more than 0.15 percent, in the... aggregate, of phosphorus and sulfur, (4) 0.008 percent or less of nitrogen, and (5) either not more than 0...

76 FR 16607 - Carbon and Certain Alloy Steel Wire Rod From Mexico: Notice of Partial Rescission of Antidumping...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-24

... phosphorus, more than 0.05 percent of selenium, or more than 0.01 percent of tellurium). Also excluded from....01 percent of aluminum, (3) 0.040 percent or less, in the aggregate, of phosphorus and sulfur, (4) 0... aggregate, of phosphorus and sulfur, (4) 0.008 percent or less of nitrogen, and (5) either not more than 0...

75 FR 62101 - Stainless Steel Sheet and Strip in Coils From the Republic of Korea: Final Results of Expedited...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-07

... and 0.80 percent manganese. This steel also contains, by weight, phosphorus of 0.025 percent or less..., phosphorus of no more than 0.045 percent, sulfur of no more than 0.03 percent, lanthanum of less than 0.002... comprise, by weight, 0.05 percent or less, with phosphorus and sulfur each comprising, by weight, 0.03...

Economic Statecraft: China in Africa

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

place as Africa’s lead trading partner in 2010. 15 David H. Shinn, “The Impact of China’s Growing Influence in Africa,” The European Financial ...percent in the continent’s five largest economies: South Africa (21 percent), Egypt (12 percent), Nigeria (10 percent), Algeria (7 percent), and Morocco...decade while developed economies have suffered through a financial crisis and sluggish growth. These resources have been important to help the PRC meet

Benthic Macro-Invertebrates of Bull Creek and Ramer Branch, Eglin AFB Reservation.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-03-01

Oligochaeta, Coleoptera, Trichoptera, Plecoptera , Odonata, and Ephermeroptera. The faunas at the sites were similar with sites sharing from 69 to 82...Coleoptera (11.4 percent), Ephemeroptera (8.2 percent), Odonata (6.8 percent), Plecoptera (4.4 percent), and Oligochaeta (4.4 percent). In the light...Hexatoma sp. (Diptera); Stenelmis sp. (Coleoptera); Anisocentropus sp., Oecetis sp., and Agarodes sp. (Trichoptera); Allocapnia sp. ( Plecoptera ); Gomphus sp

Benthic Community Response to Dredging Borrow Pits, Panama City Beach, Florida.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-03-01

mollusks (19 percent). The remaining 33 species (9 percent) were divided among 11 groups: Cnidaria , Platyhelminthes, Nemertinea, Nematoda, Phoronida...collected. On a percentage basis, more than half were annelids (55 percent), 19 percent were mollusks, 18 percent were arthropods, Cnidaria and...ISLANC MCTEL (STATICIk 1) - CCNTRCL ANIC EXPERIMENTAL I, l/7e SPECIES -TT -PEClT CNIDARIA ACTINIARIA (SEA ANEMONES) UNIOENTIFIED SP. 3 0.218 0 0.0

Comparison of erosion and channel characteristics

USGS Publications Warehouse

Parker, Gene W.

1998-01-01

Erosion was observed at 33 percent of 22,495 bridge sites in nine States. Among sites with erosion, 56 percent were associated with skewed flows, curved channels, or a combination of these two conditions, and at 18 percent of the sites, channels were straight with steep bank angles. The remaining 26 percent are sites with observable erosion at piers or abutments on straight channels. Comparison of the sites with erosion to channel bed-material indicate that 44 percent of the single-span sites had gravel-size or smaller bed material and 70 percent of the multiple-span sites had gravel-size or smaller bed material.

Assessing the demand and preferred format of a student leadership development program at Pacific.

PubMed

Hammer, Daniel A; Nadershahi, Nader A

2011-08-01

Dental students are future leaders of health care and the dental profession. The purpose of this study was to assess the interest in leadership development programs at the University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry and compare the results with similar studies. In April 2010, two surveys were administered. Of the 462 students enrolled, 58 percent completed the survey. Of the eighty-one faculty members and administrators who attended the Spring Faculty Development Day, 85 percent completed the survey. This study confirmed claims that students find it most effective to learn leadership from mentors. Over 80 percent of the student respondents indicated that faculty mentorship would be the most beneficial aspect of a leadership development program. Sixty-two percent of the faculty respondents said they would serve as mentors. Following mentorship, small-group discussion (74 percent), public speaking (56 percent), dental society member mentorship (40 percent), panel discussions (39 percent), community outreach (39 percent), and capstone project (13 percent) followed in popularity. This study established a foundation to develop a pilot for the Dugoni Practical Leadership Initiative at Pacific based on the preferences of the participants in this survey. With more data and longitudinal studies, we will assess how these programs translate to leadership in dental school and after graduation.

National Health Expenditures: Short-Term Outlook and Long-Term Projections

PubMed Central

Freeland, Mark S.; Schendler, Carol Ellen

1981-01-01

This paper presents projections of national health expenditures by type of expenditure and source of funds for 1981, 1985, and 1990. Rapid growth in national health expenditures is projected to continue through 1990. National health expenditures increased 400 percent between 1965 and 1979, reaching $212 billion in 1979. As a proportion of the Gross National Product (GNP), health expenditures rose from 6.1 percent to 9.0 percent between 1965 and 1979. They are expected to continue to rise, reaching 10.8 percent by 1990. This study projects that, under current legislation, national health expenditures will reach $279 billion in 1981, $462 billion in 1985, and $821 billion in 1990. Sources of payments for these expenditures are shifting. From 1965 to 1979, the percentage of total health expenditures financed by public funds increased 17 percentage points—from 26 to 43 percent. The Federal share of public funds during this same period grew rapidly, from 51 percent in 1965 to 67 percent in 1979. This study projects that in 1985 approximately 45 percent of total health spending will be financed from public funds, of which 68 percent will be paid for by the Federal government. Public funds will account for 46 percent of total national health expenditures by 1990. PMID:10309366

The fear of using tramadol for pain control (tramadolophobia) among Egyptian patients with cancer.

PubMed

Alsirafy, Samy A; Saleh, Radfan N; Fawzy, Radwa; Alnagar, Ahmed A; Hammad, Ahmed M; El-Sherief, Wessam; Farag, Dina E; Radwan, Riham H

2015-01-01

The fear of using tramadol for pain control (tramadolophobia) by Egyptian patients with cancer is a frequent problem in our practice. This study was conducted to explore the prevalence of and the reasons behind tramadolophobia among Egyptian patients with cancer. A structured interview including open-ended and closed questions. The study included 178 adult patients with cancer from two cancer centers in Cairo and Sharkia, Egypt. The source of information about tramadol was a non-healthcare-related source in 168 (94 percent) patients, mainly the media (50 percent). The believed uses of tramadol were abuse related in 94 (53 percent) patients, stimulant (physical, sexual, and to boost alertness) in 59 (33 percent), and analgesic in 55 (31 percent). Twenty-six (15 percent) patients gave history of tramadol use, largely (69 percent) as a stimulant. In case tramadol was prescribed for pain control, 90 (51 percent) patients refused to take it, 59 (33 percent) patients agreed to take it with concern about addiction, and only 29 (16 percent) patients agreed without concerns. Among those who refused taking tramadol for pain, the mentioned reason of refusal was addiction-related fears in 57 percent. The stigmatization and misconceptions about tramadol may have resulted in tramadolophobia among the majority of Egyptian patients with cancer. This further complicates the barriers to cancer pain control in Egypt. Being the only available World Health Organization step-II analgesic in Egypt, interventions to overcome tramadolophobia should be taken.

Bilateral Facial Paralysis: A 13-Year Experience.

PubMed

Gaudin, Robert A; Jowett, Nathan; Banks, Caroline A; Knox, Christopher J; Hadlock, Tessa A

2016-10-01

Bilateral facial palsy is a rare clinical entity caused by myriad disparate conditions requiring different treatment paradigms. Lyme disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and leukemia are several examples. In this article, the authors describe the cause, the initial diagnostic approach, and the management of long-term sequelae of bilateral paralysis that has evolved in the authors' center over the past 13 years. A chart review was performed to identify all patients diagnosed with bilateral paralysis at the authors' center between January of 2002 and January of 2015. Demographics, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, initial medical treatment, interventions for facial reanimation, and outcomes were reviewed. Of the 2471 patients seen at the authors' center, 68 patients (3 percent) with bilateral facial paralysis were identified. Ten patients (15 percent) presented with bilateral facial paralysis caused by Lyme disease, nine (13 percent) with Möbius syndrome, nine (13 percent) with neurofibromatosis type 2, five (7 percent) with bilateral facial palsy caused by brain tumor, four (6 percent) with Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome, three (4 percent) with bilateral temporal bone fractures, two (3 percent) with Guillain-Barré syndrome, one (2 percent) with central nervous system lymphoma, one (2 percent) with human immunodeficiency virus infection, and 24 (35 percent) with presumed Bell palsy. Treatment included pharmacologic therapy, physical therapy, chemodenervation, and surgical interventions. Bilateral facial palsy is a rare medical condition, and treatment often requires a multidisciplinary approach. The authors outline diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms of a tertiary care center to provide clinicians with a systematic approach to managing these complicated patients.

Compliant sealants for solid oxide fuel cells and other ceramics

DOEpatents

Bloom, I.D.; Ley, K.L.

1995-09-26

A glass or glass-ceramic sealant is described for a SOFC having a coefficient of thermal expansion in the range of from about 8 to about 13{times}10{sup {minus}6}/C and a viscosity of at least 10{sup 3}Pa-s at cell operating temperature. The sealant has a composition of SrO present in the range of from about 5 to about 60 mole percent, La{sub 2}O{sub 3} present in the range of from 0 to about 45 mole percent, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} present in the range from 0 to about 15 mole percent, B{sub 2}O{sub 3} present in the range of from about 15 mole percent to about 80 mole percent, and SiO{sub 2} present in the range of from 0 to about 40 mole percent, wherein the material is a viscous fluid at cell operating temperatures of from about 600 C to about 1000 C. The sealant may also be compounds of CaO present in the range of from 0 to about 35 mole percent, Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} present in the range from 0 to about 15 mole percent, B{sub 2}O{sub 3} present in the range of from about 35 mole percent to about 85 mole percent, and SiO{sub 2} present in the range of from 0 to about 30 mole percent. 2 figs.

Reflections on the mating pool for women in plastic surgery.

PubMed

Ridgway, Emily B; Sauerhammer, Tina; Chiou, A Portia; LaBrie, Richard A; Mulliken, John B

2014-01-01

Almost three times as many board-certified female plastic surgeons are unmarried compared with male colleagues. The purpose of this study was to determine why women in plastic surgery are less likely to be married. A 52-question survey was sent to all female members of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Questions focused on type of training and practice; marital status; age at marriage; spousal education, financial, and professional status; relational goals, values, and satisfaction. A total of 729 questionnaires were sent via e-mail; responses were anonymous. Response rate was 34 percent (n = 250). Respondents were either married (64 percent), engaged (2 percent), in a "serious" relationship (11 percent), or not in a committed relationship (23 percent). Of unmarried respondents, 56 percent wanted to marry, 44 percent did not wish marriage at the time of the survey, and 42 percent had deliberatively postponed marriage. The most frequently cited reasons for being single were perceived lack of desirable partners (45 percent), job constraints (14 percent), and personality differences (13 percent). Female plastic surgeons who married later than 36 years of age were more likely to choose a spouse with a lower income, less education, and lower financial success compared with female plastic surgeons who married at a younger age. Women in surgical practice who marry later are less likely to find a partner with equal educational level, financial resources, and professional success. Hence, a shift occurs from hypergamy toward hypogamy. These findings are not unique to plastic surgery.

Compliant sealants for solid oxide fuel cells and other ceramics

DOEpatents

Bloom, Ira D.; Ley, Kevin L.

1995-01-01

A glass or glass-ceramic sealant for a SOFC having a coefficient of thermal expansion in the range of from about 8 to about 13.times.10.sup.-6 /.degree.C. and a viscosity of at least 10.sup.3 Pa-s at cell operating temperature. The sealant has a composition of SrO present in the range of from about 5 to about 60 mole percent, La.sub.2 O.sub.3 present in the range of from 0 to about 45 mole percent, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 present in the range from 0 to about 15 mole percent, B.sub.2 O.sub.3 present in the range of from about 15 mole percent to about 80 mole percent, and SiO.sub.2 present in the range of from 0 to about 40 mole percent, wherein the material is a viscous fluid at cell operating temperatures of from about 600.degree. C. to about 1000.degree. C. The sealant may also be compounds of CaO present in the range of from 0 to about 35 mole percent, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 present in the range from 0 to about 15 mole percent, B.sub.2 O.sub.3 present in the range of from about 35 mole percent to about 85 mole percent, and SiO.sub.2 present in the range of from 0 to about 30 mole percent.

Total water withdrawals in Mississippi, 1990

USGS Publications Warehouse

Johnson, P.M.

1994-01-01

During 1990, the amount of water withdrawn from ground- and surface-water sources in Mississippi was about 3,600 Mgal/d (million gallons per day). Of this amount, 91 percent, or 3,300 Mgal/d, was withdrawn from freshwater sources. Of the total freshwater withdrawals, about 82 percent, or 2,700 Mgal/d, was withdrawn from ground-water sources. Total water withdrawals in Mississippi in 1990 for eight categories of use were as follows: irrigation, 1,900 Mgal/d; thermoelectric power, 700 Mgal/d; aquaculture, 400 Mgal/d; public supply, 320 Mgal/d; industrial and mining, 270 Mgal/d; domestic, 33 Mgal/d; commercial, 16 Mgal/d; and livestock, 16 Mgal/d. Overall, total withdrawals increased by 20 percent from 1985 to 1990, although the total population decreased about 2 percent. During the same period, total freshwater withdrawals increased by about 17 percent. Total saline with- drawals increased by about 60 percent from 1985 due to an increase in salin withdrawals for thermo- electric power generation. Total fresh and saline surface-water withdrawals decreased by about 6 percent from 1985, due to decrease in surface-water withdrawals for irrigation. Fresh ground-water withdrawals in Mississippi increased by about 33 percent, primarily due to an increase in irrigation. Since 1960, total ground- and surface-water with- drawals increased 70 percent for the same period. Irrigation had the greatest increase in with- drawals since 1960, with a 269 percent increase. Public supply had the second greatest, with a 178 percent increase.

Content Analysis of Anti-Tobacco Videogames: Characteristics, Content, and Qualities.

PubMed

Watson, Anna M; Alber, Julia M; Barnett, Tracey E; Mercado, Rebeccah; Bernhardt, Jay M

2016-06-01

Although the prevalence of adolescent smoking has declined over the past two decades, the rate of decline has slowed. Electronic videogames show promise as an effective tool for health behavior change; however, the current state of tobacco prevention and cessation games has not been previously reviewed or evaluated. Currently available tobacco-related videogames were identified through online searches and in smartphone application stores. In total, 88 games were systematically coded for characteristics, content, and quality using a reliable and valid coding instrument developed for this research. The majority of games included at least two components of interactivity (75.0 percent) and at least one mechanism for rewarding (69.3 percent). However, most games lacked a story line (97.7 percent) and components for sense of control (25.0 percent). There were an average of 3.54 (standard deviation = 2.20) theoretical constructs in the games, with attitudes (83.0 percent), knowledge (78.4 percent), and perceived severity (55.7 percent) being the most common. The most common educational approach used was the affective education model (83.0 percent). Most games included at least one tobacco message (90.9 percent), with a majority of messages being loss-framed (63.6 percent) and/or one-sided (75.0 percent). Although today's anti-tobacco videogames contain many effective features, numerous qualities and best practices for changing behaviors through games are not present. Future games should seek to address these best practices in their development and evaluation to increase the likelihood they will be effective.

Guidance on Compatibility of UST Systems with Ethanol Blends Greater Than 10 Percent and Biodiesel Blends Greater Than 20 Percent

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA guidance on complying with the federal compatibility requirement for underground storage tank (UST) systems storing gasoline containing greater than 10 percent ethanol or diesel containing greater than 20 percent biodiesel.

Evaluation of National Atmospheric Deposition Program measurements for co-located Sites CO89 and CO98 at Rocky Mountain National Park, 2012

USGS Publications Warehouse

,

2013-01-01

Median weekly absolute percent differences for selected parameters including: sample volume, 8.0 percent; ammonium concentration, 9.1 percent; nitrate concentration, 8.5 percent; sulfate concentration, 10.2 percent. Annual precipitation-weighted mean concentrations were higher for CO98 compared to CO89 for all analytes. The chemical concentration record for CO98 contains more valid samples than the CO89 record. Therefore, the CO98 record is more representative of 2012 total annual deposition at Loch Vale. Daily precipitation-depth records for the co-located precipitation gages were 100 percent complete, and the total annual precipitation depths between the sites differed by 0.1 percent for the year (91.5 and 91.4 cm).

Median and Low-Flow Characteristics for Streams under Natural and Diverted Conditions, Northeast Maui, Hawaii

USGS Publications Warehouse

Gingerich, Stephen B.

2005-01-01

Flow-duration statistics under natural (undiverted) and diverted flow conditions were estimated for gaged and ungaged sites on 21 streams in northeast Maui, Hawaii. The estimates were made using the optimal combination of continuous-record gaging-station data, low-flow measurements, and values determined from regression equations developed as part of this study. Estimated 50- and 95-percent flow duration statistics for streams are presented and the analyses done to develop and evaluate the methods used in estimating the statistics are described. Estimated streamflow statistics are presented for sites where various amounts of streamflow data are available as well as for locations where no data are available. Daily mean flows were used to determine flow-duration statistics for continuous-record stream-gaging stations in the study area following U.S. Geological Survey established standard methods. Duration discharges of 50- and 95-percent were determined from total flow and base flow for each continuous-record station. The index-station method was used to adjust all of the streamflow records to a common, long-term period. The gaging station on West Wailuaiki Stream (16518000) was chosen as the index station because of its record length (1914-2003) and favorable geographic location. Adjustments based on the index-station method resulted in decreases to the 50-percent duration total flow, 50-percent duration base flow, 95-percent duration total flow, and 95-percent duration base flow computed on the basis of short-term records that averaged 7, 3, 4, and 1 percent, respectively. For the drainage basin of each continuous-record gaged site and selected ungaged sites, morphometric, geologic, soil, and rainfall characteristics were quantified using Geographic Information System techniques. Regression equations relating the non-diverted streamflow statistics to basin characteristics of the gaged basins were developed using ordinary-least-squares regression analyses. Rainfall rate, maximum basin elevation, and the elongation ratio of the basin were the basin characteristics used in the final regression equations for 50-percent duration total flow and base flow. Rainfall rate and maximum basin elevation were used in the final regression equations for the 95-percent duration total flow and base flow. The relative errors between observed and estimated flows ranged from 10 to 20 percent for the 50-percent duration total flow and base flow, and from 29 to 56 percent for the 95-percent duration total flow and base flow. The regression equations developed for this study were used to determine the 50-percent duration total flow, 50-percent duration base flow, 95-percent duration total flow, and 95-percent duration base flow at selected ungaged diverted and undiverted sites. Estimated streamflow, prediction intervals, and standard errors were determined for 48 ungaged sites in the study area and for three gaged sites west of the study area. Relative errors were determined for sites where measured values of 95-percent duration discharge of total flow were available. East of Keanae Valley, the 95-percent duration discharge equation generally underestimated flow, and within and west of Keanae Valley, the equation generally overestimated flow. Reduction in 50- and 95-percent flow-duration values in stream reaches affected by diversions throughout the study area average 58 to 60 percent.

Water-use data by category, county, and water management district in Florida, 1950-90

USGS Publications Warehouse

Marella, R.L.

1995-01-01

The population for Florida in 1990 was estimated at 12.94 million, an increase of nearly 10.17 million (370 percent) from the population of 2.77 million in 1950. Consequently, water use (fresh and saline) in Florida increased nearly 510 percent (15,175 million gallons per day) between 1950 and 1990. The resident population of the State is projected to surpass 20 million by the year 2020. Through the cooperation of the Florida Department of Environ- mental Protection and the U.S. Geologial Survey, water-use data for the period between 1950 and 1990 has been consolidated into one publication. This report aggregates and summarizes the quantities of water withdrawn annually for all water-use categories (public supply, self-supplied domestic, self-supplied commercial-industrial, agriculture, and thermoelectric power generation), by counties, and water management districts in Florida from 1950 through 1990. Total water withdrawn in Florida increased from 2,923 million gallons per day in 1950 to 17,898 million gallons per day in 1990. Surface- water withdrawals during 1950 totaled 2,333 million gallons per day but were not differentiated between fresh and saline, therefore, comparisons between fresh and saline water were made beginning with 1955 data. Freshwater withdrawals increased 245 percent between 1955 and 1990. Saline water withdrawals increased more than 1,500 percent between 1955 and 1990. In 1955, more than 47 percent of the fresh- water used was withdrawn from ground-water sources and 53 percent was withdrawn from surface-water sources. In 1990, nearly 62 percent of the fresh- water withdrawn was from ground-water sources, while 38 percent was withdrawn from surface-water sources. The steady increase in ground-water withdrawals since the 1950's primarily is a result of the ability to drill and pump water more economically from large, deep wells and the reliability of both the quality and quantity of water from these wells. Water withdrawn for public supply in Florida increased 1,030 percent between 1950 and 1990. The population served by public supply increased from 1.66 million in 1950 to 11.23 million in 1990, and the percentage of the population served by public supply increased from 60 percent in 1950 to nearly 88 percent in 1990. Freshwater withdrawn for self- supplied domestic use in Florida increased 1,010 percent, self-supplied commercial-industrial uses increased 170 percent, and agriculture increased 915 percent between 1950 and 1990. Freshwater with- drawals for thermoelectric power generation decreased 8 percent between 1955 and 1990, while saline water withdrawals increased nearly 1,540 percent between 1955 and 1990. Between 1965 and 1990, total freshwater withdrawals increased in 58 of the 67 counties in Florida. Fresh ground-water was withdrawn in all 67 counties in 1965 through 1990, and increased in 65 counties between 1965 and 1990. Fresh surface-water was withdrawn in 60 counties from 1965 to 1990, and increased in 42 counties between 1965 and 1990. The change in total freshwater withdrawals within the water management districts between 1975 and 1990 were as follows: Northwest Florida Water Management District increased 3 percent, St. Johns River Water Management District decreased 6 percent, South Florida Water Management District increased 37 percent, Southwest Florida Water Management District decreased 1 percent, and Suwannee River Water Management District increased 8 percent.(USGS)

National Institutes of Health Funding in Plastic Surgery: A Crisis?

PubMed

Silvestre, Jason; Abbatematteo, Joseph M; Serletti, Joseph M; Chang, Benjamin

2016-09-01

Decreasing funding rates and increasing competition for National Institutes of Health research grants have prompted diverse interventions in various fields of biomedicine. Currently, the state of National Institutes of Health funding for plastic surgery research is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to describe the portfolio of National Institutes of Health grants in academic plastic surgery. Plastic surgery faculty at integrated and independent programs were queried individually in the National Institutes of Health RePORTER database for grants awarded in 2014. Funding totals, mechanisms, and institutes were calculated. Abstracts were categorized by research type and field of interest. Characteristics of National Institutes of Health-funded principal investigators were elucidated. Eight hundred sixty-one academic plastic surgeons at 94 programs were queried, and only 18 investigators (2.1 percent) were funded at 12 programs (12.8 percent). National Institutes of Health-funded investigators were predominately male (72 percent), fellowship-trained (61 percent), and aged 49.3 ± 7.8 years. A total of 20 awards amounted to $6,916,886, with an average award of $345,844 ± $222,909. Costs were primarily awarded through the R01 mechanism (77.2 percent). The top three National Institutes of Health institutes awarded 72.9 percent of the entire portfolio. Funding supported clinical (41.1 percent), translational (36.9 percent), and basic science (22.0 percent) research. Craniofacial (20.5 percent), hand (18.7 percent), and breast (16.2 percent) had the greatest funding. Few programs and faculty drive the National Institutes of Health portfolio of plastic surgery research. These data suggest a tenuous funding situation that may be susceptible to future spending cuts. Future research is needed to identify barriers to National Institutes of Health funding procurement in academic plastic surgery.

Liposuction of the arm concurrent with brachioplasty in the massive weight loss patient: is it safe?

PubMed

Bossert, Ronald P; Dreifuss, Stephanie; Coon, Devin; Wollstein, Adi; Clavijo-Alvarez, Julio; Gusenoff, Jeffrey A; Rubin, J Peter

2013-02-01

Brachioplasty continues to be a sought-after procedure among the massive weight loss population. Residual adiposity of the upper arm can make this procedure more difficult. The authors sought to determine the safety of arm liposuction outside the region of excision with concomitant excisional brachioplasty. Data were analyzed from a prospective registry of massive weight loss patients who underwent brachioplasty alone or with concurrent arm liposuction. Variables examined included age, sex, body mass index, method of weight loss, medical comorbidities, and smoking status. Outcomes included complications such as seroma, wound dehiscence, infection, hematoma, lymphedema, and need for revision. Multivariate analyses were performed to assess outcome measures. One hundred forty-four patients (139 women and five men; mean body mass index, 29.6 ± 4.1 kg/m; mean age, 46 ± 10.7 years) underwent brachioplasty. Sixty-four patients had concomitant arm liposuction at the time of brachioplasty. The remaining 80 patients underwent excisional brachioplasty alone. Despite significantly higher operative body mass indices among those undergoing concurrent liposuction, no significant differences in complication rates were seen between the liposuction and excision-alone cohorts for seroma (19.1 percent versus 23.1 percent), wound dehiscence (7.9 percent versus 2.6 percent), infection (4.8 percent versus 6.4 percent), hematoma (3.2 percent versus 0 percent), or lymphedema (3.2 percent versus 1.3 percent). Revision rates were similar between the two groups (9.5 percent with liposuction and 8.9 percent without liposuction). Liposuction can be performed safely and effectively outside the region of excision at the time of brachioplasty without the need for prior debulking or staged arm-contouring procedures. Therapeutic, III.

Duty hours and home call: the experience of plastic surgery residents and fellows.

PubMed

Drolet, Brian C; Prsic, Adnan; Schmidt, Scott T

2014-05-01

Although resident duty hours are strictly regulated by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, there are fewer restrictions on at-home call for residents. To date, no studies have examined the experience of home call for plastic surgery trainees or the impact of home call on patient care and education in plastic surgery. an anonymous electronic survey to plastic surgery trainees at 41 accredited programs. They sought to produce a descriptive assessment of home call and to evaluate the perceived impact of home call on training and patient care. A total of 214 responses were obtained (58.3 percent completion rate). Nearly all trainees reported taking home call (98.6 percent), with 66.7 percent reporting call frequency every third or fourth night. Most respondents (63.3 percent) felt that home call regulations are vague but that Council regulation (44.9 percent) and programmatic oversight (56.5 percent) are adequate. Most (91.2 percent) believe their program could not function without home call and that home call helps to avoid strict duty hour restrictions (71.5 percent). Nearly all respondents (92.3 percent) preferred home call to in-house call. This is the first study to examine how plastic surgery residents experience and perceive home call within the framework of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education duty hour regulations. Most trainees feel the impact of home call is positive for education (50.2 percent) and quality of life (56.5 percent), with a neutral impact on patient care (66.7 percent). Under the Council's increasing regulations, home call provides a balance of education and patient care appropriate for training in plastic and reconstructive surgery.

The Hispanic and Latino dentist workforce in the United States.

PubMed

Mertz, Elizabeth; Wides, Cynthia; Calvo, Jean; Gates, Paul

2017-03-01

The purpose of this paper is to describe the Hispanic/Latino (H/L) dentist workforce, their general practice patterns, and their contributions to oral health care for H/L and underserved patients. A national sample survey of underrepresented minority dentists was conducted in 2012 and received a 35.4 percent response rate for self-reported H/L dentists. Data were weighted for selection and response bias to be nationally representative. A workforce profile of H/L dentists was created using descriptive and multivariable statistics and published data. Among all H/L dentists (weighted n = 5,748), 31.9 percent self-identify their origin as Mexican, 13.4 percent as Puerto Rican, 13.0 percent as Cuban, and 41.7 percent as another H/L group. The largest share of H/L dentists are male, married, and have children under age 18. Fifty percent of H/L dentists are foreign-born and 25 percent are foreign-trained. H/L dentists report higher than average educational debt, with those completing International Dentist Programs reporting the highest debt load. Sixty-nine percent of clinically active H/L dentists own their own practices, and 85 percent speak Spanish in their practice. Among clinical H/L dentists, 7 percent work in safety-net settings, 40 percent primarily treat underserved populations, and, on average, 42 percent of their patient population is H/L. H/L dental providers are underrepresented in the dentist population, and those that are in practice shoulder a disproportionate share of dental care for minority and underserved communities. Improving the workforce diversity of dental providers is a critical part of strategy to address the high burden of dental disease in the H/L population. © 2016 American Association of Public Health Dentistry.

Physician Service Attribution Methods for Examining Provision of Low-Value Care.

PubMed

Chang, Eva; Buist, Diana Sm; Handley, Matthew; Pardee, Roy; Gundersen, Gabrielle; Reid, Robert J

2016-01-01

There has been significant research on provider attribution for quality and cost. Low-value care is an area of heightened focus, with little of the focus being on measurement; a key methodological decision is how to attribute delivered services and procedures. We illustrate the difference in relative and absolute physician- and panel-attributed services and procedures using overuse in cervical cancer screening. A retrospective, cross-sectional study in an integrated health care system. We used 2013 physician-level data from Group Health Cooperative to calculate two utilization attributions: (1) panel attribution with the procedure assigned to the physician's predetermined panel, regardless of who performed the procedure; and (2) physician attribution with the procedure assigned to the performing physician. We calculated the percentage of low-value cervical cancer screening tests and ranked physicians within the clinic using the two utilization attribution methods. The percentage of low-value cervical cancer screening varied substantially between physician and panel attributions. Across the whole delivery system, median panel- and physician-attributed percentages were 15 percent and 10 percent, respectively. Among sampled clinics, panel-attributed percentages ranged between 10 percent and 17 percent, and physician-attributed percentages ranged between 9 percent and 13 percent. Within a clinic, median panel-attributed screening percentage was 17 percent (range 0 percent-27 percent) and physician-attributed percentage was 11 percent (range 0 percent-24 percent); physician rank varied by attribution method. The attribution method is an important methodological decision when developing low-value care measures since measures may ultimately have an impact on national benchmarking and quality scores. Cross-organizational dialogue and transparency in low-value care measurement will become increasingly important for all stakeholders.

U.S. Army Deployment Injury Surveillance Summary, CY 2007 1 January 2007 - 31 December 2007

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-12-31

8217lim C>o ::::IJ:j Total Vertebral Column (VCI) Upper Lower Other, Unspecified InflammatIon and PaIn (Overuse) Joint IJoint Derangement...inflammation and pain (overuse) (51 percent), joint derangement (22 percent), and joint derangement with nerve pain (13 percent). • The spine/back (49 percent...13 percent). • The leading specific injury-related musculoskeletal conditions were inflammation and pain (overuse) involving the lumbar spine (16

76 FR 25668 - Stainless Steel Sheet and Strip in Coils From Mexico: Final Results of the Five-Year (“Sunset...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-05

... between 0.20 and 0.80 percent manganese. This steel also contains, by weight, phosphorus of 0.025 percent..., aluminum of no less than 5.0 percent, phosphorus of no more than 0.045 percent, sulfur of no more than 0.03... or less, with phosphorus and sulfur each comprising, by weight, 0.03 percent or less. This steel has...

46 CFR 54.25-20 - Low temperature operation-ferritic steels with properties enhanced by heat treatment (modifies...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...) Steel Minimum service temperature, °F. A-333, 9 percent Ni, grade 8 −320 A-334, 9 percent Ni, grade 8 −320 A-353, 9 percent Ni, double normalized and tempered −320 A-522, 9 percent Ni, NNT, Q and T, forging −320 A-553, 9 percent Ni, quenched and tempered −320 (b) The materials permitted under paragraph...

46 CFR 54.25-20 - Low temperature operation-ferritic steels with properties enhanced by heat treatment (modifies...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...) Steel Minimum service temperature, °F. A-333, 9 percent Ni, grade 8 −320 A-334, 9 percent Ni, grade 8 −320 A-353, 9 percent Ni, double normalized and tempered −320 A-522, 9 percent Ni, NNT, Q and T, forging −320 A-553, 9 percent Ni, quenched and tempered −320 (b) The materials permitted under paragraph...

The Boeing 767 Program: A Case Study of Issues Related to Success in Managing an International Cooperative Project

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-09-01

38 percent, British Aerospace (United Kingdom) 20 percent, and Construcciones Aeronauticas (Spain) 4 percent. Airbus is a French consortium which...Deutsche Air- bus, 26 percent for British Aerospace and 6 percent for Construcciones Aeronauticas (16:56). The A300 and A310 are currently in production and...commuter transport. The codevelopment partners are Construcciones Aeronauticas (Spain) and P. T. Nurtanio (Indonesia). "Engineering and manufacturing

Land use, population dynamics, and land-cover change in eastern Puerto Rico: Chapter B in Water quality and landscape processes of four watersheds in eastern Puerto Rico

USGS Publications Warehouse

Gould, William A.; Martinuzzi, Sebastián; Pares-Ramos, Isabel K.; Murphy, Sheila F.; Stallard, Robert F.; Murphy, Sheila F.; Stallard, Robert F.

2012-01-01

We assessed current and historic land use and land cover in the Luquillo Mountains and surrounding area in eastern Puerto Rico, including four small subwatersheds that are study watersheds of the U.S. Geological Survey's Water, Energy, and Biogeochemical Budgets (WEBB) program. This region occupies an area of 1,616 square kilometers, about 18 percent of the total land in Puerto Rico. Closed forests occupy about 37 percent of the area, woodlands and shrublands 7 percent, nonforest vegetation 43 percent, urban development 10 percent, and water and natural barrens total less than 2 percent. The area has been classified into three main land-use categories by integrating recent census information (population density per barrio in the year 2000) with satellite image analyses (degree of developed area versus natural land cover). Urban land use (in this analysis, land with more than 20 percent developed cover within a 1-square-kilometer area and population density greater than 500 people per square kilometer) covered 16 percent of eastern Puerto Rico. Suburban land use (more than 80 percent natural land cover, more than 500 people per square kilometer, and primarily residential) covers 50 percent of the area. Rural land use (more than 80 percent natural land cover, less than 500 people per square kilometer, and primarily active or abandoned agricultural, wetland, steep slope, or protected conservation areas) covered 34 percent of the area. Our analysis of land-cover change indicates that in the 1990s, forest cover increased at the expense of woodlands and grasslands. Urban development increased by 16 percent during that time. The most pronounced change in the last seven decades has been the shift from a nonforested to a forested landscape and the intensification of the ring of urbanization that surrounds the long-protected Luquillo Experimental Forest.

A multicenter, 12-month, open-label, single-arm safety study of oxycodone-hydrochloride/naltrexone-hydrochloride extended-release capsules (ALO-02) in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic noncancer pain.

PubMed

Arora, Samir; Setnik, Beatrice; Michael, Drass; Hudson, John D; Clemmer, Ray; Meisner, Paul; Pixton, Glenn C; Goli, Veeraindar; Sommerville, Kenneth W

2014-01-01

To evaluate the long-term safety of oxycodone-hydrochloride and sequestered naltrexone-hydrochloride (ALO-02) administered for up to 12 months. Open-label, single-arm safety study. Thirty-two US research centers (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01428583). Three hundred ninety-five adults (opioid experienced and opioid naïve) with moderate-to-severe chronic noncancer pain (CNCP). Open-label, oral ALO-02 capsules, daily dose ranging from 20 to 160 mg oxycodone for up to 12 months. Number and type of adverse events (AEs) and drugrelated AEs, including assessments of withdrawal (Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale; COWS), pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and aberrant behaviors (Current Opioid Misuse Measure). A total of 193 (48.9 percent) patients received ALO-02 for ≥181 days and 105 (26.6 percent) patients for ≥361 days. The most common treatment-emergent AEs were nausea (25.3 percent), constipation (21.3 percent), vomiting (13.9 percent), and headache (11.6 percent). The most common drug-related AEs were constipation (18.0 percent), nausea (14.9 percent), somnolence (8.4 percent), fatigue (6.8 percent), dizziness (5.6 percent), and vomiting (5.1 percent). A majority of patients (86.6 percent) had a maximum COWS total score below the level for mild withdrawal symptoms at every visit throughout the study. Pain severity scores as measured by the short Form of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI-SF) decreased over time. Repeat dosing of ALO-02 for up to 12 months is safe and well tolerated in a CNCP population of both opioid-experienced and opioid-naïve patients. ALO-02 demonstrated a safety profile consistent with extended-release opioids and the expected analgesic efficacy. The addition of sequestered naltrexone had no significant clinical effect on patients when taken as directed.

Hospitalised patients' awareness of their rights: a cross-sectional survey from a tertiary care hospital on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia.

PubMed

Yousuf, R M; Fauzi, A R; How, S H; Akter, S F; Shah, A

2009-05-01

Optimal patient care varies considerably from place to place and is influenced by scientific as well as social developments. The purpose of this study was to investigate awareness and pertinent issues regarding informed consent among hospitalised patients and to determine lapses, in order to improve the standard of care. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among inpatients at a tertiary care level hospital. 90 percent of patients were aware of their rights, and 85 percent had enough information regarding their illness and modality of treatment. However, treatment options were discussed with 45 percent of cases only, and 65 percent of patients were informed of their duration of treatment. Most of the patients from the surgical group, haemodialysis unit and those with minor ailments were very satisfied with the doctors (92 percent, 86 percent and 96 percent, respectively), as opposed to only 36 percent of cancer patients and 70 percent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients (p-value is less than 0.0001). Almost all patients (99 percent) said that their religious beliefs were respected by the staff and they had no problems in accessing them in times of need. Informed consent was obtained by the doctor in 98 percent of cases and by the nurse in two percent. 98 percent of the patients mentioned that their treatments/examinations were conducted in an atmosphere of privacy and that their personal information was kept confidential by their doctors. Patients were reasonably informed about their illness. Their privacy and religious beliefs were duly respected. Treatment options and the duration of treatment were not discussed with all patients. Cancer and AIDS patients were less satisfied with the attending staff. The results suggest that there is a need for periodic surveys of patient satisfaction with the quality of care.

Water quality of an urban wet detention pond in Madison, Wisconsin, 1987-88

USGS Publications Warehouse

House, L.B.; Waschbusch, R.J.; Hughes, P.E.

1993-01-01

A 5,670-sq m wet detention pond was monitored by the U.S. Geological Survey to determine its effect on the water quality of urban runoff. The pond has a drainage area of 0.96-sq km, composed primarily of single-family residential land use. Event-mean concentrations (EMC) were determined from samples collected for sediment, nutrients, and selected metals at the pond's inflow and outflow sites. EMC samples were collected for 64 runoff events during the study period from February 1987 to April 1988. Storm precipitation ranged from 1 to 51 mm during these events. Inflow and outflow EMC and constituent loads were compared to determine the trap efficiency of the pond. Trap efficiency varied considerably among water-quality constituents. In general, the detention pond decreased the EMC of sampled constituents at the outlet compared to the inlet. The median decrease in EMC for suspended solids was 88 percent, 60 percent for total chemical oxygen demand (COD), 43 percent for total phosphorus, 38 percent for total Kjeldahl nitrogen, 65 percent for total nitrite plus nitrate, and 71 percent for total lead. A notable exception to the general decrease in EMC is for chloride. The EMC for chloride was generally higher in outflow from the pond than in the inflow. This is attributed to an unmonitored influx of chloride to the pond during the winter that subsequently was flushed out during monitored runoff events. The total study-period loads of most constituents were less leaving the pond than the loads entering it. This decrease is attributed to the constituents transported on suspended sediment being deposited in the pond. The decrease in total load of suspended solids was 88 percent, 62 percent for total COD, 58 percent for total phosphorus, 46 percent for total Kjeldahl nitrogen, 62 percent for total nitrite plus nitrate, 97 percent for total copper, and 93 percent for total lead. (USGS)

Laboratory performance in the Sediment Laboratory Quality-Assurance Project, 1996-98

USGS Publications Warehouse

Gordon, John D.; Newland, Carla A.; Gagliardi, Shane T.

2000-01-01

Analytical results from all sediment quality-control samples are compiled and statistically summarized by the USGS, Branch of Quality Systems, both on an intra- and interlaboratory basis. When evaluating these data, the reader needs to keep in mind that every measurement has an error component associated with it. It is premature to use the data from the first five SLQA studies to judge any of the laboratories as performing in an unacceptable manner. There were, however, some notable differences in the results for the 12 laboratories that participated in the five SLQA studies. For example, the overall median percent difference for suspended-sediment concentration on an individual laboratory basis ranged from –18.04 to –0.33 percent. Five of the 12 laboratories had an overall median percent difference for suspended-sediment concentration of –2.02 to –0.33 percent. There was less variability in the median difference for the measured fine-size material mass. The overall median percent difference for fine-size material mass ranged from –10.11 to –4.27 percent. Except for one laboratory, the median difference for fine-size material mass was within a fairly narrow range of –6.76 to –4.27 percent. The median percent difference for sand-size material mass differed among laboratories more than any other physical sediment property measured in the study. The overall median percent difference for the sand-size material mass ranged from –1.49 percent to 26.39 percent. Five of the nine laboratories that do sand/fine separations had overall median percent differences that ranged from –1.49 to 2.98 percent for sand-size material mass. Careful review of the data reveals that certain laboratories consistently produced data within statistical control limits for some or all of the physical sediment properties measured in this study, whereas other laboratories occasionally produced data that exceeded the control limits.

AAPT/NSTA High School Physics Examination.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nelson, James

1983-01-01

Discusses development of the American Association of Physics Teachers and National Science Teachers Association (AAPT/NSTA) high school physics examination. Includes sample examination questions and distribution of topics: mechanics (30 percent), waves/optics/sound (20 percent), heat/kinetic theory (10 percent), electricity/magnetism (25 percent),…

Blood volume reduction counteracts fluid shifts in water immersion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Simanonok, Karl E.; Bernauer, Edmund

1993-01-01

Six healthy men were bled by 15 percent of their total blood volume (TBV) before 7 h of seated water immersion, to test the hypothesis that some of the major physiological responses to an expansion of central blood volume can be counteracted by prior reduction of TBV. Subjects were their own controls under two conditions: seated dry in air and seated immersed to the suprasternal notch in water. Immersion without prior reduction of TBV Wet Control (WC) caused a statistically significant 22-percent increase in cardiac output (CO), 368-percent increase in urine production, and 200-percent increase in sodium excretion relative to dry control (DC) sessions. When TBV was reduced before immersion, CO was the same as during DC sessions; however there were significant increases above DC in urine flow (+73 percent) and sodium excretion (+120 percent), although they were significantly reduced from WC values. Potassium excretion was similar during DC and WC sessions, but was significantly increased (+75 percent) when subjects were immersed after 15-percent reduction of TBV.

Sediment transport, particle size, and loads in North Fish Creek in Bayfield County, Wisconsin, water years 1990-91

USGS Publications Warehouse

Rose, W.J.; Graczyk, D.J.

1996-01-01

There was little relation between watershed area and sediment loads for the three sites. The watershed of site C is about 41 percent of that of site A, but the sand load at site C was only 1 percent of that at site A. The watershed area between sites B and C is 40 percent of that above site A, but this area yielded 49 percent of the sand load at site A. Nineteen percent of the watershed above site A is between sites A and B, yet this area yielded about 50 percent of the sand load at site A.

Estimated use of water in the United States in 2010

USGS Publications Warehouse

Maupin, Molly A.; Kenny, Joan F.; Hutson, Susan S.; Lovelace, John K.; Barber, Nancy L.; Linsey, Kristin S.

2014-01-01

In 2010, more than 50 percent of the total withdrawals in the United States were accounted for by 12 States. California accounted for about 11 percent of the total withdrawals and 10 percent of freshwater withdrawals in the United States, predominantly for irrigation. Texas accounted for about 7 percent of total withdrawals, predominantly for thermoelectric power, irrigation, and public supply. Florida accounted for 18 percent of the total saline-water withdrawals in the United States, mostly from surface-water sources for thermoelectric power. Oklahoma and Texas accounted for about 70 percent of the total saline groundwater withdrawals in the United States, mostly for mining.

Patterns and predictors of HIV risk among urban American Indians.

PubMed

Walters, K L; Simoni, J M; Harris, C

2000-01-01

A preliminary survey of HIV risk and service preferences among American Indians residing in the New York metropolitan area included 68 women and 32 men (M age=35.8 years). Overall, the sample was knowledgeable about the mechanisms of HIV transmission, and 58 percent reported having taken an HIV test. However, of the 63 percent who reported sexual activity in the last six months, 73 percent reported engaging in vaginal or anal sex without a condom with at least 1 partner, and 52 percent used condoms none of the time during vaginal and anal sex. Almost half (43 percent) reported alcohol or other drug (AOD) use for non-ceremonial purposes in the last six months. Alarmingly, 44 percent reported lifetime trauma, including domestic violence (20 percent) and physical (29 percent) or sexual (26 percent) assault by a family member or stranger. Bivariate and multivariate analyses indicated trauma and drug use were factors that may place respondents at risk for sexual transmission of HIV. Trauma variables were better predictors of HIV risk behaviors than social cognitive variables providing preliminary support for the use of a postcolonial framework in American Indian HIV studies.

Synthetic aperture radar imagery of airports and surrounding areas: Philadelphia Airport

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Onstott, Robert G.; Gineris, Denise J.

1990-01-01

The statistical description of ground clutter at an airport and in the surrounding area is addressed. These data are being utilized in a program to detect microbursts. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data were collected at the Philadelphia Airport. These data and the results of the clutter study are described. This 13 km x 10 km scene was imaged at 9.38 GHz and HH-polarization and contained airport grounds and facilities (6 percent), industrial (14 percent), residential (14 percent), fields (10 percent), forest (8 percent), and water (33 percent). Incidence angles ranged from 40 to 84 deg. Even at the smallest incidence angles, the distributed targets such as forest, fields, water, and residential rarely had mean scattering coefficients greater than -10 dB. Eighty-seven percent of the image had scattering coefficients less than -17.5 dB. About 1 percent of the scattering coefficients exceeded 0 dB, with about 0.1 percent above 10 dB. Sources which produced the largest cross sections were largely confined to the airport grounds and areas highly industrialized. The largest cross sections were produced by observing broadside large buildings surrounded by smooth surfaces.

Perceptions of body image among Malaysian male and female adolescents.

PubMed

Khor, G L; Zalilah, M S; Phan, Y Y; Ang, M; Maznah, B; Norimah, A K

2009-03-01

Body image concerns are common among adolescents as they undergo rapid physical growth and body shape changes. Having a distorted body image is a risk factor for the development of disordered eating behaviours and eating disorders. This study was undertaken to investigate body image concerns among Malaysian male and female adolescents aged 11-15 years. A total of 2,050 adolescents (1,043 males and 1,007 females) with a mean age of 13.1 +/- 0.8 years from secondary schools in Kedah and Pulau Pinang were included in the study. Questionnaires were used to collect socioeconomic data and body image indicators. The majority (87 percent) of the adolescents were concerned with their body shape. While the majority of underweight, normal weight and overweight male and female subjects perceived their body weight status correctly according to their body mass index (BMI), a noteworthy proportion in each category misjudged their body weight. About 35.4 percent of the males and 20.5 percent of the females in the underweight category perceived themselves as having a normal weight, while 29.4 percent and 26.7 percent of the overweight males and females respectively also perceived that they had a normal weight. A higher proportion of the females (20 percent) than males (9 percent) with a normal BMI perceived themselves as fat. Most of the male (78-83 percent) and female subjects (69-74 percent) in all the BMI categories desired to be taller than their current height. An appreciable proportion of both the males (41.9 percent) and females (38.2 percent) preferred to remain thin, or even to be thinner (23.7 percent of males and 5.9 percent of females). Females had a significantly higher mean body dissatisfaction score than males, indicating their preference for a slimmer body shape. More males (49.1 percent) preferred a larger body size while more females (58.3 percent) idealised a smaller body size. Compared to normal weight and underweight subjects, overweight males and females expressed lower confidence and acceptance levels, as well as expressed greater preoccupation with and anxiety over their body weight and shape. As having a distorted body image may lead to negative effects such as unhealthy eating habits and disordered eating behaviours, it is recommended that appropriate educational efforts on body image be incorporated into school health activities for adolescents.

Examining Fund Balance in Michigan School Districts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bidin, Zainin

2012-01-01

This research examines the financial profiles of 550 public school districts in Michigan and highlights the association between school district fund balance and the following eleven indicators: enrollment, percent enrollment change, percent of students receive free and reduced lunch (FRL), percent of special education students, percent of English…

Southern pulpwood production, 1979

Treesearch

Thomas R. Bellamy; Cecil C. Hutchins

1979-01-01

Pulpwood production in the South rose a modest 7 percent in 1979 to 54 million cords. Of the increase, 55 percent was from roundwood and 45 percent was from plant byproducts. Pulping capacity of the 115 mills in the South also rose 7 percent to over 110,000 tons per day.

Infant-Mother Attachment among the Dogon of Mali.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

True, Mary McMahan; Pisani, Lelia; Oumar, Fadimata

2001-01-01

Examined infant-mother attachment in Mali's Dogon ethnic group. Found that distribution of Strange Situation classifications was 67 percent secure, 0 percent avoidant, 8 percent resistant, and 25 percent disorganized. Infant attachment security related to quality of mother-infant communication. Mothers of disorganized infants had significantly…

Physician health promotion training activities in primary care: a survey of the military residencies.

PubMed

Jonas, W B

1997-01-01

The central role of primary care physicians in health care management, as well as their influence on patients at the highest risk for life-style related disease, makes adequate training in office and hospital health promotion activities essential. A questionnaire adapted from one used nationally was sent to all the military training programs in internal medicine, family practice, pediatrics, and obstetrics-gynecology. The questionnaire addressed areas of content, emphasis, facilities, setting, personnel, techniques, and methods used in teaching, as well as priorities placed on health promotion in general and in specific areas. A response was obtained from all training programs (n = 59). Overall, 85 percent had set aside specific time to teach health promotion topics, and 81 percent had set aside time to teach preventive screening. Health promotion topics were incorporated by 85 percent of the programs, and preventive service topics were included in the core curriculum in 86 percent. In 63 percent of the programs residents were taught about assessment of patient motivation, but behavioral modification, relapse prevention, and self-efficacy skills were taught in less than one half of the programs (47, 37, and 34 percent, respectively). For the most part, programs stressed the traditional teaching techniques, such as discussion and lectures (93 percent and 92 percent, respectively), and rarely applied the more effective (and labor-intensive) methods of case precepting (58 percent), viewing videotaped cases (24 percent), and role-playing (5 percent). Only 41 percent of the programs had patient education materials readily available, but many (65 percent) had modified patient problem lists to include preventive or health promotion topics. Physician or patient reminders were used by only a few programs (35 percent and 17 percent, respectively), and in only 48 percent were the residents trained to use any health-screening or health risk appraisal questionnaire. Programs overwhelmingly relied on their physician staff and residents to do health promotion teaching and made little use of ancillary health care personnel who might be better trained in patient education methods. Primary care residency programs emphasize teaching health promotion and preventive services but generally have not yet developed the teaching systems to provide residents with skills training in preventive and health promotion services. Programs could enhance the clinical prevention skills of physicians completing residencies by having the physicians focus on the skills needed to teach patients self-efficacy, behavior modification, and health maintenance, by using physician and patient reminders, and by taking advantage of health care personnel trained in health education.

USSR Report: Agriculture. No. 1393.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-07-27

production of meat by 106 percent, milk by 150 percent, eggs by 103 percent, grain by 119 percent and potatoes by 126 percent. We are proud of the...Woman I. Ugleva who obtained 262 eggs from each laying hen, as compared to a planned 225. The army and navy has increased the number of military...18,500 tons of milk, and 7.5 million eggs . In other words, their contribution to improving the food situation is appreciable. Today, many private

Negative serum carcinoembryonic antigen has insufficient accuracy for excluding recurrence from patients with Dukes C colorectal cancer: analysis with likelihood ratio and posttest probability in a follow-up study.

PubMed

Hara, Masayasu; Kanemitsu, Yukihide; Hirai, Takashi; Komori, Koji; Kato, Tomoyuki

2008-11-01

This study was designed to determine the efficacy of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) monitoring for screening patients with colorectal cancer by using posttest probability of recurrence. For this study, 348 (preoperative serum CEA level elevated: CEA+, n = 119; or normal: CEA-, n = 229) patients who had undergone potentially curative surgery for colorectal cancer were enrolled. After five-year follow-up with measurements of serum CEA levels and imaging workup, posttest probabilities of recurrence were calculated. Recurrence was observed in 39 percent of CEA+ patients and 30 percent in CEA- patients, and CEA levels were elevated in 33.3 percent of CEA+ patients and 17.5 percent of CEA- patients. With obtained sensitivity (68.4 percent, CEA+; 41 percent, CEA-), specificity (83 percent, CEA+; 91 percent, CEA-) and likelihood ratio (test positive: 4.0, CEA+; 4.4, CEA-; and test negative: 0.38, CEA+; 0.66, CEA-), posttest probability given the presence of CEA elevation in the CEA+ and CEA- was 72.2 and 65.5 percent, respectively, and that given the absence of CEA elevation was 20 and 22.2 percent, respectively. Whereas postoperative CEA elevation indicates recurrence with high probability, a normal postoperative CEA is not useful for excluding the probability of recurrence.

A national survey of stress reactions after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.

PubMed

Schuster, M A; Stein, B D; Jaycox, L; Collins, R L; Marshall, G N; Elliott, M N; Zhou, A J; Kanouse, D E; Morrison, J L; Berry, S H

2001-11-15

People who are not present at a traumatic event may also experience stress reactions. We assessed the immediate mental health effects of the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. Using random-digit dialing three to five days after September 11, we interviewed a nationally representative sample of 569 U.S. adults about their reactions to the terrorist attacks and their perceptions of their children's reactions. Forty-four percent of the adults reported one or more substantial stress symptoms; 91 percent had one or more symptoms to at least some degree. Respondents throughout the country reported stress syndromes. They coped by talking with others (98 percent), turning to religion (90 percent), participating in group activities (60 percent), and making donations (36 percent). Eighty-five percent of parents reported that they or other adults in the household had talked to their children about the attacks for an hour or more; 34 percent restricted their children's television viewing. Thirty-five percent of children had one or more stress symptoms, and 47 percent were worried about their own safety or the safety of loved ones. After the September 11 terrorist attacks, Americans across the country, including children, had substantial symptoms of stress. Even clinicians who practice in regions that are far from the recent attacks should be prepared to assist people with trauma-related symptoms of stress.

Effect of KOH concentration on LEO cycle life of IPV nickel-hydrogen flight cell - Update II

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smithrick, John J.; Hall, Stephen W.

1992-01-01

An update of validation test results confirming the breakthrough in LEO cycle life of nickel-hydrogen cells containing 26 percent KOH electrolyte is presented. A breakthrough in the LEO cycle life of individual pressure vessel (IPV) nickel-hydrogen cells has been previously reported. The cycle life of boiler plate cells containing 26 percent potassium hydroxide (KOH) electrolyte was about 40,000 LEO cycles, compared to 3500 cycles for cells containing 31 percent KOH. The cycle regime was a stressful accelerated LEO, which consisted of a 27.5 min charge followed by a 17.5 min discharge (2X normal rate). The depth-of-discharge was 80 percent. Six 48-Ah Hughes recirculation design IPV nickel-hydrogen flight battery cells are being evaluated. Three of the cells contain 26 percent KOH (test cells), and three contain 31 percent KOH (control cells). They are undergoing real time LEO cycle life testing. The cycle regime is a 90-min LEO orbit consisting of a 54-min charge followed by a 36-min discharge. The depth-of-discharge is 80 percent. The cell temperature is maintained at 10 C. The three 31 percent KOH cells failed (cycles 3729, 4165, and 11355). One of the 26 percent KOH cells failed at cycle 15314. The other two 26 percent KOH cells were cycled for over 16,000 cycles during the continuing test.

Orbital Payload Reductions Resulting from Booster and Trajectory Modifications for Recovery of a Large Rocket Booster

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Levin, Alan D.; Hopkins, Edward J.

1961-01-01

An analysis was made to determine the reduction in payload for a 300 nautical mile orbit resulting from the addition of inert weight, representing recovery gear, to the first-stage booster of a three-stage rocket vehicle. The values of added inert weight investigated ranged from 0 to 18 percent of gross weight at lift off. The study also included the effects on the payload in orbit and the distance from the launch site at burnout and at impact caused by variation in the vertical rise time before the programmed tilt. The vertical rise times investigated ranged from 16-7 to 100 percent of booster burning time. For a vertical rise of 16.7 percent of booster burning time it was found that a 50-percent increase in the weight of the empty booster resulted in only a 10-percent reduction of the payload in orbit. For no added booster weight, increasing vertical rise time from 16-7 to 100 percent of booster burning time (so that the spent booster would impact in the launch area) reduced the payload by 37 percent. Increasing the vertical rise time from 16-7 to 50 percent of booster burning time resulted in about a 15-percent reduction in the impact distance, and for vertical rise times greater than 50-percent the impact distance decreased rapidly.

[Acute appendicitis: clinico-diagnostic and therapeutic considerations].

PubMed

Carditello, A; Bartolotta, M; Bonavita, G; Lentini, B; Sturniolo, G

1985-04-01

Since january 1970-december 1982, 58 patients underwent emergently appendectomy for acute appendicitis. 31 (53,4 percent) where males; the average age was 21 +/- 2,3 years (M +/- SEM). The duration of symptoms ranged from 1-6 hours (10,3 percent of cases) to over 48 hours, before the hospital admission (15,4 percent of cases). 27 patients (46,5 percent) had a clinical examination at home by a physician. 21 patients (36,4 percent) came to hospital emergency unit without previous physical examination; 10 (17,2 percent) were transferred from other departments. In 6,9 percent of cases was present a perforated appendicitis with peritonitis. During operation, in 50 percent of patients was performed a therapeutic peritoneal lavage. In 63,7 percent of cases multiple drains were placed in peritoneal cavity. In all patients was effected postoperative antibiotic profilaxis. The mortality rate was 3,4 percent. General complications were observed more in patients with perforated appendicitis. This review suggests the following remarcable data: morbidity of this disease is still high; the physical examination is more important than laboratory work (especially in the elderly patients, which are often immunodepressed and in children, with leucocitosis-lack at hospital admission); early surgery is the most important factor to the improvement of prognosis in these cases and the results of surgical treatment are improved by large vertical incisions, peritoneal lavage and application of multiple intracavitary drains.

Techniques for estimating monthly mean streamflow at gaged sites and monthly streamflow duration characteristics at ungaged sites in central Nevada

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hess, G.W.; Bohman, L.R.

1996-01-01

Techniques for estimating monthly mean streamflow at gaged sites and monthly streamflow duration characteristics at ungaged sites in central Nevada were developed using streamflow records at six gaged sites and basin physical and climatic characteristics. Streamflow data at gaged sites were related by regression techniques to concurrent flows at nearby gaging stations so that monthly mean streamflows for periods of missing or no record can be estimated for gaged sites in central Nevada. The standard error of estimate for relations at these sites ranged from 12 to 196 percent. Also, monthly streamflow data for selected percent exceedence levels were used in regression analyses with basin and climatic variables to determine relations for ungaged basins for annual and monthly percent exceedence levels. Analyses indicate that the drainage area and percent of drainage area at altitudes greater than 10,000 feet are the most significant variables. For the annual percent exceedence, the standard error of estimate of the relations for ungaged sites ranged from 51 to 96 percent and standard error of prediction for ungaged sites ranged from 96 to 249 percent. For the monthly percent exceedence values, the standard error of estimate of the relations ranged from 31 to 168 percent, and the standard error of prediction ranged from 115 to 3,124 percent. Reliability and limitations of the estimating methods are described.

Platinum-ruthenium-palladium fuel cell electrocatalyst

DOEpatents

Gorer, Alexander

2006-02-07

A catalyst suitable for use in a fuel cell, especially as an anode catalyst, that contains platinum at a concentration that is between about 20 and about 60 atomic percent, ruthenium at a concentration that is between about 20 and about 60 atomic percent, palladium at a concentration that is between about 5 and about 45 atomic percent, and having an atomic ratio of platinum to ruthenium that is between about 0.7 and about 1.2. Alternatively, the catalyst may contain platinum at a concentration that is between about 25 and about 50 atomic percent, ruthenium at a concentration that is between about 25 and about 55 atomic percent, palladium at a concentration that is between about 5 and about 45 atomic percent, and having a difference between the concentrations of ruthenium and platinum that is no greater than about 20 atomic percent.

Age differences in health care spending, fiscal year 1977.

PubMed

Gibson, R M; Fisher, C R

1979-01-01

This report of health care spending in fiscal year 1977 reveals that of the $142.6 billion spent by the Nation for personal health care in fiscal year 1977, 29 percent was spent for those aged 65 or older, 59 percent for those aged 19-64, and 13 percent for those below age 19. The average health bill reached $1,745 for the aged, $661 for the intermediate age group, and $253 for the young. Public funds financed 67 percent of the health expenses of the aged, with Medicare and Medicaid together accounting for 61 percent. More than two-thirds of the health expenses of the young and 71 percent of the expenses of those aged 19-64 were paid by private sources. Third-party payments met 68 percent of the health expenditures of all those under age 65.

Investigation of Effectiveness of a Wing Equipped with a 50-percent-chord Sliding Flap, a 30-percent-chord Slotted Flap, and a 30-percent-chord Slat in Deflecting Propeller Slipstreams Downward for Vertical Take-off

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kuhn, Richard E

1957-01-01

Results are presented of an investigation of the effectiveness of a wing equipped with a 50-percent-chord sliding flap and a 30-percent-chord slotted flap in deflecting a propeller slipstream downward for vertical take-off. Tests were conducted at zero forward speed in a large room and included the effects of flap deflection, proximity to the ground, a leading-edge slat, and end plates. A turning angle of about 70 degrees and a resultant force of about 100 percent of the thrust were achieved near the ground. Out of the ground-effect region, the turning angle was also about 70 degrees but the resultant force was reduced to about 86 percent of the thrust.

Ear molding in newborn infants with auricular deformities.

PubMed

Byrd, H Steve; Langevin, Claude-Jean; Ghidoni, Lorraine A

2010-10-01

A review of a single physician's experience in managing over 831 infant ear deformities (488 patients) is presented. The authors' methods of molding have advanced from the use of various tapes, glues, and stents, to a comprehensive yet simple system that shapes the antihelix, the triangular fossa, the helical rim, and the overly prominent conchal-mastoid angle (EarWell Infant Ear Correction System). The types of deformities managed, and their relative occurrence, are as follows: (1) prominent/cup ear, 373 ears (45 percent); (2) lidding/lop ear, 224 ears (27 percent); (3) mixed ear deformities, 83 ears (10 percent) (all had associated conchal crus); (4) Stahl's ear, 66 ears (8 percent); (5) helical rim abnormalities, 58 ears (7 percent); (6) conchal crus, 25 ears (3 percent); and (7) cryptotia, two ears (0.2 percent). Bilateral deformities were present in 340 patients (70 percent), with unilateral deformities in 148 patients (30 percent). Fifty-eight infant ears (34 patients) were treated using the final version of the EarWell Infant Ear Correction System with a success rate exceeding 90 percent (good to excellent results). The system was found to be most successful when begun in the first week of the infant's life. When molding was initiated after 3 weeks from birth, only approximately half of the infants had a good response. Congenital ear deformities are common and only approximately 30 percent self-correct. These deformities can be corrected by initiating appropriate molding in the first week of life. Neonatal molding reduces the need for surgical correction with results that often exceed what can be achieved with the surgical alternative.

The spontaneous return of sensibility in breasts reconstructed with autologous tissues.

PubMed

Shaw, W W; Orringer, J S; Ko, C Y; Ratto, L L; Mersmann, C A

1997-02-01

Some spontaneous return of sensibility following autologous tissue breast reconstruction is often suspected but not well documented. In the present study, objective touch-pressure, pain, temperature, and vibratory sensibilities were recorded in 33 autologous breast reconstructions at an average of 25.2 months postoperatively. Correlation of the sensory return with patients' satisfaction toward reconstruction was done by a detailed questionnaire. All except one patient regained a variety of sensibilities touch pressure in 97 percent of patients (averaging 81.05 gm/mm2 versus control of 7.98 gm/mm2), pain in 88 percent of patients, heat in 64 percent of patients (45 percent of quadrants), cold in 82 percent of patients (67 percent of quadrants), and high- and low-frequency vibration in 100 percent of patients (high in 90 percent of quadrants, low in 96 percent). Subjectively, 94 percent considered their chest comfortable to touch following reconstruction compared with 34 percent following mastectomy. On a scale from 1 to 10, patients rated their reconstructions an average of 9.3. Our findings confirm the spontaneous return of sensibility following a variety of autologous tissue breast reconstructions. The value of the sensory return is suggested by the high degree of satisfaction in nearly all patients. Further attempts to correlate the degree of sensory return with the degree of satisfaction were inconclusive because of the uniformly high satisfaction reported by the patients. The mechanism of reinnervation appears to come both from the skin margins and from the deep surface of the flap. Future developments in breast reconstruction should take into consideration the eventual quality of sensory return.

A comparison of two search methods for determining the scope of systematic reviews and health technology assessments.

PubMed

Forsetlund, Louise; Kirkehei, Ingvild; Harboe, Ingrid; Odgaard-Jensen, Jan

2012-01-01

This study aims to compare two different search methods for determining the scope of a requested systematic review or health technology assessment. The first method (called the Direct Search Method) included performing direct searches in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) and the Health Technology Assessments (HTA). Using the comparison method (called the NHS Search Engine) we performed searches by means of the search engine of the British National Health Service, NHS Evidence. We used an adapted cross-over design with a random allocation of fifty-five requests for systematic reviews. The main analyses were based on repeated measurements adjusted for the order in which the searches were conducted. The Direct Search Method generated on average fewer hits (48 percent [95 percent confidence interval {CI} 6 percent to 72 percent], had a higher precision (0.22 [95 percent CI, 0.13 to 0.30]) and more unique hits than when searching by means of the NHS Search Engine (50 percent [95 percent CI, 7 percent to 110 percent]). On the other hand, the Direct Search Method took longer (14.58 minutes [95 percent CI, 7.20 to 21.97]) and was perceived as somewhat less user-friendly than the NHS Search Engine (-0.60 [95 percent CI, -1.11 to -0.09]). Although the Direct Search Method had some drawbacks such as being more time-consuming and less user-friendly, it generated more unique hits than the NHS Search Engine, retrieved on average fewer references and fewer irrelevant results.

Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 2000

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hutson, Susan S.; Barber, Nancy L.; Kenny, Joan F.; Linsey, Kristin S.; Lumia, Deborah S.; Maupin, Molly A.

2004-01-01

Estimates of water use in the United States indicate that about 408 billion gallons per day (one thousand million gallons per day, abbreviated Bgal/d) were withdrawn for all uses during 2000. This total has varied less than 3 percent since 1985 as withdrawals have stabilized for the two largest uses?thermoelectric power and irrigation. Fresh ground-water withdrawals (83.3 Bgal/d) during 2000 were 14 percent more than during 1985. Fresh surface-water withdrawals for 2000 were 262 Bgal/d, varying less than 2 percent since 1985. About 195 Bgal/d, or 48 percent of all freshwater and saline-water withdrawals for 2000, were used for thermoelectric power. Most of this water was derived from surface water and used for once-through cooling at power plants. About 52 percent of fresh surface-water withdrawals and about 96 percent of saline-water withdrawals were for thermoelectric-power use. Withdrawals for thermoelectric power have been relatively stable since 1985. Irrigation remained the largest use of freshwater in the United States and totaled 137 Bgal/d for 2000. Since 1950, irrigation has accounted for about 65 percent of total water withdrawals, excluding those for thermoelectric power. Historically, more surface water than ground water has been used for irrigation. However, the percentage of total irrigation withdrawals from ground water has continued to increase, from 23 percent in 1950 to 42 percent in 2000. Total irrigation withdrawals were 2 percent more for 2000 than for 1995, because of a 16-percent increase in ground-water withdrawals and a small decrease in surface-water withdrawals. Irrigated acreage more than doubled between 1950 and 1980, then remained constant before increasing nearly 7 percent between 1995 and 2000. The number of acres irrigated with sprinkler and microirrigation systems has continued to increase and now comprises more than one-half the total irrigated acreage. Public-supply withdrawals were more than 43 Bgal/d for 2000. Public-supply withdrawals during 1950 were 14 Bgal/d. During 2000, about 85 percent of the population in the United States obtained drinking water from public suppliers, compared to 62 percent during 1950. Surface water provided 63 percent of the total during 2000, whereas surface water provided 74 percent during 1950. Self-supplied industrial withdrawals totaled nearly 20 Bgal/d in 2000, or 12 percent less than in 1995. Compared to 1985, industrial self-supplied withdrawals declined by 24 percent. Estimates of industrial water use in the United States were largest during the years from 1965 to 1980, but during 2000, estimates were at the lowest level since reporting began in 1950. Combined withdrawals for self-supplied domestic, livestock, aquaculture, and mining were less than 13 Bgal/d for 2000, and represented about 3 percent of total withdrawals. California, Texas, and Florida accounted for one-fourth of all water withdrawals for 2000. States with the largest surface-water withdrawals were California, which had large withdrawals for irrigation and thermoelectric power, and Texas, which had large withdrawals for thermoelectric power. States with the largest ground-water withdrawals were California, Texas, and Nebraska, all of which had large withdrawals for irrigation.

School Counselors' Knowledge of Eating Disorders.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Price, Joy A.; And Others

1990-01-01

Findings from 337 school counselors revealed 11 percent rated themselves as very competent in helping students with eating disorders (anorexia and bulimia nervosa), 49 percent considered themselves moderately competent, 40 percent believed they were not very competent; 75 percent did not believe it was their role to treat students with eating…

Estimating the Number of Substance-Exposed Infants.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gomby, Deanna S.; Shiono, Patricia H.

1991-01-01

Estimates the number of infants exposed to legal and illegal substances before birth, drawing on 27 published reports and National Institute on Drug Abuse data. The following are estimated exposure levels: (1) cocaine, 2-3 percent; (2) marijuana, 3-12 percent; (3) cigarettes, 38 percent; and (4) alcohol, 73 percent. (SLD)

40 CFR 80.40 - Fuel certification procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... volume percent ethanol, or RBOB intended for blending with 10 to 15 volume percent ethanol, that is... contain denatured, anhydrous ethanol. The concentration of the ethanol, excluding the required denaturing agent, must be at least 9 percent and no more than 15 percent (by volume) of the gasoline. The ethanol...

40 CFR 80.40 - Fuel certification procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... volume percent ethanol, or RBOB intended for blending with 10 to 15 volume percent ethanol, that is... contain denatured, anhydrous ethanol. The concentration of the ethanol, excluding the required denaturing agent, must be at least 9 percent and no more than 15 percent (by volume) of the gasoline. The ethanol...

40 CFR 80.40 - Fuel certification procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... volume percent ethanol, or RBOB intended for blending with 10 to 15 volume percent ethanol, that is... contain denatured, anhydrous ethanol. The concentration of the ethanol, excluding the required denaturing agent, must be at least 9 percent and no more than 15 percent (by volume) of the gasoline. The ethanol...

40 CFR 60.1460 - What equations must I use?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... percent oxygen, dry basis (c) Percent reduction in potential hydrogen chloride emissions. Calculate the percent reduction in potential hydrogen chloride emissions (%PHC1) using equation 3 of this section: %PHC1 = (Ei − Eo) * (100/Ei) (Eq. 3) Where: %PHC1 = percent reduction of the potential hydrogen chloride...

40 CFR 60.1460 - What equations must I use?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... percent oxygen, dry basis (c) Percent reduction in potential hydrogen chloride emissions. Calculate the percent reduction in potential hydrogen chloride emissions (%PHC1) using equation 3 of this section: %PHC1 = (Ei − Eo) * (100/Ei) (Eq. 3) Where: %PHC1 = percent reduction of the potential hydrogen chloride...

21 CFR 331.20 - Determination of percent contribution of active ingredients.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 5 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Determination of percent contribution of active... Procedures § 331.20 Determination of percent contribution of active ingredients. To determine the percent contribution of an antacid active ingredient, place an accurately weighed amount of the antacid active...

21 CFR 331.20 - Determination of percent contribution of active ingredients.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 5 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Determination of percent contribution of active... Procedures § 331.20 Determination of percent contribution of active ingredients. To determine the percent contribution of an antacid active ingredient, place an accurately weighed amount of the antacid active...

21 CFR 331.20 - Determination of percent contribution of active ingredients.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 5 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Determination of percent contribution of active... Procedures § 331.20 Determination of percent contribution of active ingredients. To determine the percent contribution of an antacid active ingredient, place an accurately weighed amount of the antacid active...

21 CFR 331.20 - Determination of percent contribution of active ingredients.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 5 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Determination of percent contribution of active... Procedures § 331.20 Determination of percent contribution of active ingredients. To determine the percent contribution of an antacid active ingredient, place an accurately weighed amount of the antacid active...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

This document provides information on ethanol fuel properties, standards, codes, best practices, and equipment information for those who blend, distribute, store, sell, or use E15 (gasoline blended with 10.5 percent - 15 percent ethanol), E85 (marketing term for ethanol-gasoline blends containing 51 percent - 83 percent ethanol, depending on geography and season), and other ethanol blends.

North Carolina's forests, 2002

Treesearch

Mark J. Brown; Barry D. New; Sonja N. Oswalt; Tony G. Johnson; Victor A. Rudis

2006-01-01

In 2002, forests covered 18.3 million acres in North Carolina, of which 17.7 million were classified as timberland. Hardwood forest types prevailed on 72 percent of timberland and planted pine stands occupied 15 percent. Nonindustrial private forest landowners controlled 78 percent of timberland, forest industry holdings declined to 8 percent, and publicly owned...

7 CFR 3565.203 - Restrictions on rents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... equal to 30 percent of 115 percent of area median income, adjusted for family size. In addition, on an annual basis, the average rent for a project, taking into account all individual unit rents, must not exceed 30 percent of 100 percent of area median income, adjusted for family size. ...

7 CFR 3565.203 - Restrictions on rents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... equal to 30 percent of 115 percent of area median income, adjusted for family size. In addition, on an annual basis, the average rent for a project, taking into account all individual unit rents, must not exceed 30 percent of 100 percent of area median income, adjusted for family size. ...

21 CFR 558.575 - Sulfadimethoxine, ormetoprim.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

.... Sulfadimethoxine, 113.5 grams (0.0125 percent) plus ormetoprim, 68.1 grams (0.0075 percent). (a) Indications for...) [Reserved] (2) Replacement chickens—(i) Amount per ton. Sulfadimethoxine, 113.5 grams (0.0125 percent) plus ormetoprim, 68.1 grams (0.0075 percent). (ii) Indications for use. As an aid in the prevention of coccidiosis...

21 CFR 184.1296 - Ferric ammonium citrate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... prepared by the reaction of ferric hydroxide with citric acid, followed by treatment with ammonium..., approximately 9 percent ammonia, and 65 percent citric acid and occurs as reddish brown or garnet red scales or..., approximately 7.5 percent ammonia, and 75 percent citric acid and occurs as thin transparent green scales, as...

13 CFR 120.930 - Amount.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... percent of total Project cost plus 100 percent of eligible administrative costs. For good cause shown, SBA may authorize an increase in the percentage of Project costs covered up to 50 percent. No more than 50 percent of eligible Project costs can be from Federal sources, whether received directly or indirectly...

13 CFR 120.930 - Amount.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... percent of total Project cost plus 100 percent of eligible administrative costs. For good cause shown, SBA may authorize an increase in the percentage of Project costs covered up to 50 percent. No more than 50 percent of eligible Project costs can be from Federal sources, whether received directly or indirectly...

13 CFR 120.930 - Amount.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... percent of total Project cost plus 100 percent of eligible administrative costs. For good cause shown, SBA may authorize an increase in the percentage of Project costs covered up to 50 percent. No more than 50 percent of eligible Project costs can be from Federal sources, whether received directly or indirectly...

13 CFR 120.930 - Amount.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... percent of total Project cost plus 100 percent of eligible administrative costs. For good cause shown, SBA may authorize an increase in the percentage of Project costs covered up to 50 percent. No more than 50 percent of eligible Project costs can be from Federal sources, whether received directly or indirectly...

13 CFR 120.930 - Amount.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... percent of total Project cost plus 100 percent of eligible administrative costs. For good cause shown, SBA may authorize an increase in the percentage of Project costs covered up to 50 percent. No more than 50 percent of eligible Project costs can be from Federal sources, whether received directly or indirectly...

CITY IN A BOX: A NEW PARADIGM FOR SUSTAINABLE LIVING

EPA Science Inventory

Global carbon emissions generated by buildings are estimated at between 40 to 50 percent, 25 percent from transportation and about 25 percent from industrial sources. In addition, cities are estimated to be responsible for as much as 70 percent of the waste impacting the envir...

Foreign Investment Boosts Rural Economies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Glasmeier, Amy; Glickman, Norman

1990-01-01

Through 1987, 10 percent of foreign investment was in nonmetro counties; 44 percent of this was in the South; and 38 percent of nonmetro foreign investment created new jobs (versus 17 percent in metro areas). Foreign investors chose nonmetro areas with low wages, lack of unionization history, good transportation access, and government incentives.…

Would a Draft Save the Navy Money? A New Look.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-07-01

incentives to meet stipulated manning objectives (52,200 4YO accessions annually of whom 70 percent m be HSDGs). (4) 70 percent of draft-induced accessions...savings by as much as two- thirds at any given percentage of 4YO accessions who are draft -induced. Recall that in these calculations we assume: (a) a...percent for each percent of 4YO accession require- ments who are draft induced. Yet only about 60 percent of the Navy’s total annual HSDG accession

Corrosion Inhibition in High Temperature Environment

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-06-28

levels of sodium , sulfur, and vanadium. Low quality 12 marine residual fuels, for example, may contain up to 0.2 weight 13 percent ash which contains...appreciable amounts of sodium , up to 5 14 weight percent sulfur and up to 0.06 weight percent or 600 ppm 15 vanadium. Low grades of marine distillate...fuels are allowed up to 16 0.05 weight percent ash which contains appreciable amounts of 17 sodium , up to 2 weight percent sulfur and up to 100 ppm

Water-Quality Assessment of Southern Florida - Wastewater Discharges and Runoff

USGS Publications Warehouse

Marella, Richard L.

1998-01-01

Nearly 800 million gallons per day of treated wastewater was discharged in the Southern Florida National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) study unit in 1990, most to the Atlantic Ocean (44 percent) and to deep, saline aquifers (25 percent). About 9 percent was discharged to fresh surface waters and about 22 percent to shallow ground water, of which septic tanks accounted for 9 percent. Runoff from agricultural and urban lands, though not directly measured, is a large source of wastewater in southern Florida.

Multi-functional layered structure having structural and radiation shielding attributes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kaul, Raj K. (Inventor); Barghouty, Abdulnasser Fakhri (Inventor); Penn, Benjamin G. (Inventor); Hulcher, Anthony Bruce (Inventor)

2010-01-01

A cosmic and solar radiation shielding structure that also has structural attributes is comprised of three layers. The first layer is 30-42 percent by volume of ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) polyethylene fibers, 18-30 percent by volume of graphite fibers, and a remaining percent by volume of an epoxy resin matrix. The second layer is approximately 68 percent by volume of UHMW polyethylene fibers and a remaining percent by volume of a polyethylene matrix. The third layer is a ceramic material.

Experimental clean combustor program, phase 3

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roberts, R.; Fiorentino, A.; Greene, W.

1977-01-01

A two-stage vortex burning and mixing combustor and associated fuel system components were successfully tested at steady state and transient operating conditions. The combustor exceeded the program goals for all three emissions species, with oxides of nitrogen 10 percent below the goal, carbon monoxide 26 percent below the goal, and total unburned hydrocarbons 75 percent below the goal. Relative to the JT9D-7 combustor, the oxides of nitrogen were reduced by 58 percent, carbon monoxide emissions were reduced by 69 percent, and total unburned hydrocarbons were reduced by 9 percent. The combustor efficiency and exit temperature profiles were comparable to those of production combustor. Acceleration and starting characteristics were deficient relative to the production engine.

The War on Drugs: Methamphetamine, Public Health, and Crime.

PubMed

Dobkin, Carlos; Nicosia, Nancy

2009-03-01

In mid-1995, a government effort to reduce the supply of methamphetamine precursors successfully disrupted the methamphetamine market and interrupted a trajectory of increasing usage. The price of methamphetamine tripled and purity declined from 90 percent to 20 percent. Simultaneously, amphetaminerelated hospital and treatment admissions dropped 50 percent and 35 percent, respectively. Methamphetamine use among arrestees declined 55 percent. Although felony methamphetamine arrests fell 50 percent, there is no evidence of substantial reductions in property or violent crime. The impact was largely temporary. The price returned to its original level within four months; purity, hospital admissions, treatment admissions, and arrests approached preintervention levels within eighteen months. (JEL I12, K42).

Fretting of Nickel-Chromium-Aluminum Alloys at Temperatures to 816 C

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bill, R. C.

1974-01-01

A series of four nickel-based alloys containing 10 percent and 20 percent chromium in combination with 2 percent and 5 percent aluminum were fretted in dry air at temperatures to 816 C. At all temperatures, the alloys showed far less fretting wear than did high-purity nickel. This was attributed to the formation of protective oxide films on the alloys, the result of the selective oxidation of the alloy constituents. Increasing the aluminum concentration reduced fretting wear at all temperatures. Increasing the chromium concentration from 10 percent to 20 percent resulted in decreased fretting wear at 23 and 540 C, but increased fretting wear at 650 and 816 C.

Barite: a case study of import reliance on an essential material for oil and gas exploration and development drilling

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bleiwas, Donald I.; Miller, M. Michael

2015-01-01

Domestic barite production was about 670,000 metric tons (t) in 2012, equivalent to about 20 percent of the domestic drilling industry’s barite demand. Mine production for the United States in 2012 was about one-third of what was produced in 1980. In 2012, barite imported from China was approximately 2.2 million t and comprised about 77 percent of total barite imports and about 70 percent of the barite used in domestic drilling. Barite from India (14 percent), Morocco (6 percent) and Mexico (2 percent) comprised the bulk of the remaining total import balance; drilling applications consumed nearly all barite imported from these three countries.

Effects of oxide additions and temperature on sinterability of milled silicon nitride

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Arias, A.

1980-01-01

Specimens of milled alpha-Si3N4 with 0 to 5.07 equivalent percent of oxide additions were pressureless sintered at 1650 to 1820 C for 4 hours in nitrogen while covered with powdered Si3N4 + SiO2. Densities of less than or equal to 97.5 percent resulted with approximately 2.5 equivalent percent of MgO, CeO2, Y2O3, and three mixtures involving these oxides. Densities of greater than or equal to 94 percent were obtained with approximately 0.62 equivalent percent of the same additives. At most temperatures, best sinterability (density maxima) was obtained with 1.2 to 2.5 equivalent percent additive.

Demographic patterns of postfire regeneration in mediterranean-climate shrublands of California

USGS Publications Warehouse

Keeley, J.E.; Fotheringham, C.J.; Baer-Keeley, M.

2006-01-01

Eggs of captive black ducks fed diets containing DDE at 10 and 30 ppm (dry weight) experienced significant shell thinning and an increase in shell cracking when compared to eggs of untreated black ducks. Eggshells from dosed ducks were: 18-24 percent thinner at the equator than shells from undosed ducks; 28-31 percent thinner at the cap; and 29-38 percent thinner at the apex. Shell cracking averaged 21 percent among eggs fram the 30 ppm DDE dosage and 10 percent among eggs from the 10 ppm dosage. Only 2 percent of the eggs from untreated black ducks were cracked. Survival of ducklings fram dosed parents in terms of 'percentage of 21-day ducklings of embryonated eggs' was 40-76 percent lower than survival of ducklings from undosed parents. Average DDE residues (wet weight) in eggs from hens fed 10 and 30 ppm DDE were 46 ppm and 144 ppm, respectively.

Effect of electronic stability control on automobile crash risk.

PubMed

Farmer, Charles

2004-12-01

Per vehicle crash involvement rates were compared for otherwise identical vehicle models with and without electronic stability control (ESC) systems. ESC was found to affect single-vehicle crashes to a greater extent than multiple-vehicle crashes, and crashes with fatal injuries to a greater extent than less severe crashes. Based on all police-reported crashes in 7 states over 2 years, ESC reduced single-vehicle crash involvement risk by approximately 41 percent (95 percent confidence limits 3348) and single-vehicle injury crash involvement risk by 41 percent (2752). This translates to an estimated 7 percent reduction in overall crash involvement risk (310) and a 9 percent reduction in overall injury crash involvement risk (314). Based on all fatal crashes in the United States over 3 years, ESC was found to have reduced single-vehicle fatal crash involvement risk by 56 percent (3968). This translates to an estimated 34 percent reduction in overall fatal crash involvement risk (2145).

Selected fretting-wear-resistant coatings for titanium - 6-percent-aluminum - 4-percent-vanadium alloy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bill, R. C.

1976-01-01

A titanium - 6-percent-aluminum - 4-percent-vanadium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) was subjected to fretting-wear exposures against uncoated Ti-6Al-4V as a baseline and against various coatings and surface treatments applied to Ti-6Al-4V. The coatings evaluated included plasma-sprayed tungsten carbide with 12 percent cobalt, aluminum oxide with 13 percent titanium oxide, chromium oxide, and aluminum bronze with 10 percent aromatic polyester; polymer-bonded polyimide, polyimide with graphite fluoride, polyimide with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and methyl phenyl silicone bonded MoS2, preoxidation surface treatment, a nitride surface treatment, and a sputtered MoS2 coating. Results of wear measurements on both the coated and uncoated surfaces after 300,000 fretting cycles indicated that the polyimide coating was the most wear resistant and caused the least wear to the uncoated mating surface.

Prevalence of dental anomalies in the permanent dentition of children with Down syndrome.

PubMed

Sekerci, Ahmet Ercan; Cantekin, Kenan; Aydinbelge, Mustafa; Ucar, Faruk İzzet

2014-01-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of various congenital dental anomalies in the permanent dentition of Turkish children with Down syndrome. The sample consisted of 216 diagnostic records of children diagnosed with Down syndrome. All subjects had a clinical examination as well as radiographs and photographs taken. Anomalies in the permanent dentition were documented. There was a high incidence of dental anomalies, the most frequent being taurodontism (81 percent), rotation (28 percent), hypodontia (26 percent), tooth impaction (18 percent), ectopic eruption (14 percent), microdontia (13 percent), and hyperdontia (9 percent). Differences in prevalence of congenitally missing teeth, structural anomalies, and positional anomalies reached a statistically significant level regarding gender (P<.05). Turkish children with Down syndrome presented a high incidence of anomalies affecting the permanent dentition, and, in most cases, individuals presented with more than one anomaly.

Medical Informatics Education

PubMed Central

Patton, Gregory A.; Gardner, Reed M.

1999-01-01

The University of Utah has been educating health professionals in medical informatics since 1964. Over the 35 years since the program's inception, 272 graduate students have studied in the department. Most students have been male (80 percent) and have come from the United States (75 percent). Students entering the program have had diverse educational backgrounds, most commonly in medicine, engineering, computer science, or biology (59 percent of all informatics students). A total of 209 graduate degrees have been awarded, with an overall graduation rate of 87 percent since the program's start. Alumni are located in the United States (91 percent) and abroad (9 percent); half (51 percent) have remained in Utah. Former students are employed in a wide variety of jobs, primarily concerned with the application of medical informatics in sizable health care delivery organizations. Trends toward increasing managerial responsibility for medical informatics graduates and the emergence of the chief information officer role are noted. PMID:10579604

Reaction of iron with hydrogen chloride-oxygen mixtures at 550 C

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jacobson, N. S.

1986-01-01

The reaction of iron with 1 percent HCl/0-50 percent O2/Ar has been studied at 550 C with thermogravimetry to monitor kinetics and scanning electron microscopy to characterize product morphologies. In addition, the volatile species were identified with an atmospheric pressure sampling mass spectrometer. The reaction of 1 percent HCl/Ar produces FeCl2. The reactions of 1 percent HCl/1, 10, 50 percent O2/Ar produce Fe2O3, Fe3O4, FeCl2, and FeCl3. In each case condensed phase chlorides form at the oxide/metal interface where the oxygen potential is low. The 10 and 50 percent oxygen mixtures have kinetics in the first 3 hr similar to pure oxidation with some deviations due to iron-chloride formation. The 1 percent oxygen mixture shows enhanced reaction rates over oxidation, very likely due to the formation of a porous scale.

Performance of Women Medical Graduates from Medical College, Baroda, 1949-74

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bhatt, R. V.; And Others

1976-01-01

Women account for 15 percent of the total admissions in medicine and present overall better examinations than men. Obstetrics and gynecology is the most common speciality selected by women, and job satisfaction is found in 87 percent. Sixty-six percent are married to other doctors, and 39 percent emigrate. (Author/LBH)

40 CFR 60.2994 - Are air curtain incinerators regulated under this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... and Compliance Times for Other Solid Waste Incineration Units That Commenced Construction On or Before... percent wood waste. (2) 100 percent clean lumber. (3) 100 percent yard waste. (4) 100 percent mixture of only wood waste, clean lumber, and/or yard waste. Model Rule—Use of Model Rule ...

40 CFR 60.2888 - Are air curtain incinerators regulated under this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Performance for Other Solid Waste Incineration Units for Which Construction is Commenced After December 9... other requirements of this subpart. (1) 100 percent wood waste. (2) 100 percent clean lumber. (3) 100 percent yard waste. (4) 100 percent mixture of only wood waste, clean lumber, and/or yard waste. ...

77 FR 13156 - Carolina Power & Light Company; Shearon Harris Nuclear Power Plant, Unit 1; Exemption

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-05

... percent) and niobium (~1 percent). The elimination of tin has resulted in superior corrosion resistance and reduced irradiation-induced growth relative to both standard zircaloy (1.7 percent tin) and low-tin zircaloy (1.2 percent tin). The addition of niobium increases ductility, which is desirable to...

21 CFR 73.1646 - Bronze powder.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... electrolytic copper and zinc with small amounts of the virgin metals aluminum and tin. It contains small... part per million Aluminum (as Al), not more than 0.5 percent. Tin (as Sn), not more than 0.5 percent... percent. Maximum particle size 45µ (95 percent minimum). Aluminum, zinc, tin, and copper content shall be...

21 CFR 73.1646 - Bronze powder.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... electrolytic copper and zinc with small amounts of the virgin metals aluminum and tin. It contains small... part per million Aluminum (as Al), not more than 0.5 percent. Tin (as Sn), not more than 0.5 percent... percent. Maximum particle size 45µ (95 percent minimum). Aluminum, zinc, tin, and copper content shall be...

21 CFR 73.1646 - Bronze powder.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... electrolytic copper and zinc with small amounts of the virgin metals aluminum and tin. It contains small... part per million Aluminum (as Al), not more than 0.5 percent. Tin (as Sn), not more than 0.5 percent... percent. Maximum particle size 45µ (95 percent minimum). Aluminum, zinc, tin, and copper content shall be...

21 CFR 73.1646 - Bronze powder.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... electrolytic copper and zinc with small amounts of the virgin metals aluminum and tin. It contains small... part per million Aluminum (as Al), not more than 0.5 percent. Tin (as Sn), not more than 0.5 percent... percent. Maximum particle size 45µ (95 percent minimum). Aluminum, zinc, tin, and copper content shall be...

21 CFR 73.1646 - Bronze powder.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... electrolytic copper and zinc with small amounts of the virgin metals aluminum and tin. It contains small... part per million Aluminum (as Al), not more than 0.5 percent. Tin (as Sn), not more than 0.5 percent... percent. Maximum particle size 45µ (95 percent minimum). Aluminum, zinc, tin, and copper content shall be...

Washington School Finance Primer.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Washington Office of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, Olympia.

The proportion of state funding for public schools in Washington is among the highest in the nation: about 75 percent of school-district General Fund revenue comes from the state. Almost 60 percent of all state General Fund expenditures are for education (about 46 percent for grades K-12 and 12 percent for higher education). The state…

Bundled-Up Babies & Dangerous Ice Cream: Correlation Puzzlers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Offenholley, Kathleen H.

2013-01-01

The Borough of Manhattan Community College (BMCC) in New York City is fourth among all community colleges in awarding degrees to minority students and in awarding degrees to African Americans. The BMCC student body is approximately 37 percent Hispanic, 33 percent black, 15 percent white, and 15 percent Asian. In addition, a significant proportion…

48 CFR 1832.501-1 - Customary progress payment rates. (NASA supplements paragraph (a))

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... (a)) (a) The customary progress payment rate for all NASA contracts is 85 percent for large business, 90 percent for small business, 95 percent for small disadvantaged business, and 100 percent for Phase II contracts in the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer...

Demographic Characteristics and Impairments of Louisiana Students with Usher's Syndrome.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, S. C.

1987-01-01

Of 51 Louisiana students with Usher's Syndrome (a genetic condition characterized by hearing loss and progressive blindness), 71 percent manifested visual impairment and hearing loss, 9 percent had neither, 10 percent had visual impairments but a less-than-profound hearing loss, and 10 percent had profound hearing loss and no visual impairment.…

21 CFR 558.376 - Nitromide and sulfanitran.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) Conditions of use. It is used for chickens as follows: (1) Amount. 227 grams per ton nitromide (0.025 percent) and 272 grams per ton sulfanitran (0.03 percent). (i) Indications for use. As an aid in the prevention... than 25 percent nitromide and 30 percent sulfanitran. (2) Amount. 227 grams per ton nitromide (0.025...

A Comparison of Alprazolam and Behavior Therapy in Treatment of Panic Disorder.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Klosko, Janet S.; And Others

1990-01-01

Compared panic control treatment (PCT), behavior therapy for panic disorders, with alprazolam medication, placebo, and waiting-list control groups. Percentage of clients (N=57) completing study who were free of panic attacks following PCT was 87 percent, compared with 50 percent for alprazolam, 36 percent for placebo, and 33 percent for…

Virginia's Forests

Treesearch

William A. Bechtold; Mark J. Brown; John B. Tansey

1987-01-01

Between 1977 and 1986, area of timberland in Virginia declined from 16.0 to 15.4 million acres. Volume of softwood growing stock increased by 5 percent, and volume of hardwood growing stock increased by 11 percent. Softwood net annual growth decreased by 7 percent, and hardwood growing-stick growth decreased by 1 percent. Softwood removals remained almost unchanged...

Florida's forests, 1995

Treesearch

Mark J. Brown

1999-01-01

Between 1987 and 1995, timberland area in Florida decreased by 2 percent to less than 14.7 million acres. Timberland under nonindustrial private ownership increased 2 percent to 7.2 million acres, and public ownership increased 16 percent to 2.8 million acres. However, timberland controlled by forest industry decreased by 16 percent to 4.6 million acres. Pine...

7 CFR 29.1166 - Primings (P Group).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

.... Grades, Grade Names, Minimum Specifications, and Tolerances P2L—Fine Quality Lemon Primings Prematurely... tolerance 25 percent, of which not over 10 percent may be waste. P3L—Good Quality Lemon Primings Prematurely... tolerance 40 percent, of which not over 20 percent may be waste. P4L—Fair Quality Lemon Primings Prematurely...

7 CFR 29.1166 - Primings (P Group).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

.... Grades, Grade Names, Minimum Specifications, and Tolerances P2L—Fine Quality Lemon Primings Prematurely... tolerance 25 percent, of which not over 10 percent may be waste. P3L—Good Quality Lemon Primings Prematurely... tolerance 40 percent, of which not over 20 percent may be waste. P4L—Fair Quality Lemon Primings Prematurely...

48 CFR 1852.219-76 - NASA 8 percent goal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true NASA 8 percent goal. 1852... 1852.219-76 NASA 8 percent goal. As prescribed in 1819.7003 insert the following clause: NASA 8 Percent... and daily business operations are controlled by one or more women. (b) The NASA Administrator is...

48 CFR 1852.219-76 - NASA 8 percent goal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false NASA 8 percent goal. 1852... 1852.219-76 NASA 8 percent goal. As prescribed in 1819.7003 insert the following clause: NASA 8 Percent... and daily business operations are controlled by one or more women. (b) The NASA Administrator is...

48 CFR 1852.219-76 - NASA 8 percent goal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false NASA 8 percent goal. 1852... 1852.219-76 NASA 8 percent goal. As prescribed in 1819.7003 insert the following clause: NASA 8 Percent... and daily business operations are controlled by one or more women. (b) The NASA Administrator is...

48 CFR 1852.219-76 - NASA 8 percent goal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false NASA 8 percent goal. 1852... 1852.219-76 NASA 8 percent goal. As prescribed in 1819.7003 insert the following clause: NASA 8 Percent... and daily business operations are controlled by one or more women. (b) The NASA Administrator is...

48 CFR 1852.219-76 - NASA 8 percent goal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false NASA 8 percent goal. 1852... 1852.219-76 NASA 8 percent goal. As prescribed in 1819.7003 insert the following clause: NASA 8 Percent... and daily business operations are controlled by one or more women. (b) The NASA Administrator is...

Georgia's forests, 1997

Treesearch

Michael T. Thompson; Larry W. Thompson

2002-01-01

Since 1989, area of timberland in Georgia increased by less than 1 percent and in 1997 totaled 23.8 million acres. Nonindustrial private forest owners controlled 72 percent of the State's timberland. Volume of softwood growing stock declined 3 percent, whereas hardwood growing-stock volume increased 7 percent to 16.5 billion cubic feet. Net annual growth for...

31 CFR 363.146 - Who may purchase a payroll zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Who may purchase a payroll zero... DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Payroll Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.146 Who may purchase a payroll zero-percent...

31 CFR 363.146 - Who may purchase a payroll zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Who may purchase a payroll zero... DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Payroll Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.146 Who may purchase a payroll zero-percent...

31 CFR 363.146 - Who may purchase a payroll zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Who may purchase a payroll zero... DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Payroll Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.146 Who may purchase a payroll zero-percent...

31 CFR 363.145 - May I delete a pending transaction involving a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... involving a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? 363.145 Section 363.145 Money and Finance: Treasury... PUBLIC DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.145 May I delete a pending transaction involving a...

31 CFR 363.134 - What regulations cover a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What regulations cover a zero-percent... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.134 What regulations cover a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? The regulations in part 363...

31 CFR 363.146 - Who may purchase a payroll zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Who may purchase a payroll zero... SERVICE REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Payroll Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.146 Who may purchase a payroll zero-percent...

31 CFR 363.134 - What regulations cover a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What regulations cover a zero-percent... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.134 What regulations cover a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? The regulations in part 363...

31 CFR 363.145 - May I delete a pending transaction involving a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... involving a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? 363.145 Section 363.145 Money and Finance: Treasury... PUBLIC DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.145 May I delete a pending transaction involving a...

31 CFR 363.134 - What regulations cover a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What regulations cover a zero-percent... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.134 What regulations cover a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? The regulations in part 363...

31 CFR 363.134 - What regulations cover a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What regulations cover a zero-percent... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.134 What regulations cover a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? The regulations in part 363...

31 CFR 363.145 - May I delete a pending transaction involving a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... involving a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? 363.145 Section 363.145 Money and Finance: Treasury... FISCAL SERVICE REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.145 May I delete a pending transaction involving a...

31 CFR 363.145 - May I delete a pending transaction involving a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... involving a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? 363.145 Section 363.145 Money and Finance: Treasury... PUBLIC DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.145 May I delete a pending transaction involving a...

12 CFR 3.52 - Simple risk-weight approach (SRWA).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... this paragraph (b). (1) Zero percent risk weight equity exposures. An equity exposure to a sovereign... International Monetary Fund, an MDB, and any other entity whose credit exposures receive a zero percent risk weight under § 3.32 may be assigned a zero percent risk weight. (2) 20 percent risk weight equity...

40 CFR 799.2155 - Commercial hexane.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... least 40 liquid volume percent n-hexane (CAS No. 110-54-3) and at least 5 liquid volume percent... contains at least 40 liquid volume percent but no more than 55 liquid volume percent n-hexane and no less... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Commercial hexane. 799.2155 Section...

40 CFR 799.2155 - Commercial hexane.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... least 40 liquid volume percent n-hexane (CAS No. 110-54-3) and at least 5 liquid volume percent... contains at least 40 liquid volume percent but no more than 55 liquid volume percent n-hexane and no less... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Commercial hexane. 799.2155 Section...

Ethnicity and Education in Thailand.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sharma, C. L.

With over 95 percent of the people professing Buddhism, about 90 percent having a common or related racial origin, and almost 85 percent speaking the Thai language, the Thai society is fairly homogeneous. There are, however, a few ethnic minorities of which the significant ones are the Chinese (12 percent of the population), the Malays (2…

30 CFR 57.22237 - Actions at 2.0 to 2.5 percent methane in bleeder systems (I-A and III mines).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

....22237 Actions at 2.0 to 2.5 percent methane in bleeder systems (I-A and III mines). If methane reaches 2... reduced to less than 2.0 percent within 30 minutes, or if methane levels reach 2.5 percent, all persons...

Mixed uranium dicarbide and uranium dioxide microspheres and process of making same

DOEpatents

Stinton, David P.

1983-01-01

Nuclear fuel microspheres are made by sintering microspheres containing uranium dioxide and uncombined carbon in a 1 mole percent carbon monoxide/99 mole percent argon atmosphere at 1550.degree. C. and then sintering the microspheres in a 3 mole percent carbon monoxide/97 mole percent argon atmosphere at the same temperature.

21 CFR 573.750 - Pichia pastoris dried yeast.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... the following percent-by-weight specifications: (1) Crude protein, not less than 60 percent. (2) Crude fat, not less than 2 percent. (3) Crude fiber, not more than 2 percent. (4) Ash, not more than 13... pastoris dried yeast may be used in feed formulations of broiler chickens as a source of protein not to...

21 CFR 573.750 - Pichia pastoris dried yeast.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... the following percent-by-weight specifications: (1) Crude protein, not less than 60 percent. (2) Crude fat, not less than 2 percent. (3) Crude fiber, not more than 2 percent. (4) Ash, not more than 13... pastoris dried yeast may be used in feed formulations of broiler chickens as a source of protein not to...

21 CFR 573.750 - Pichia pastoris dried yeast.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... the following percent-by-weight specifications: (1) Crude protein, not less than 60 percent. (2) Crude fat, not less than 2 percent. (3) Crude fiber, not more than 2 percent. (4) Ash, not more than 13... pastoris dried yeast may be used in feed formulations of broiler chickens as a source of protein not to...

21 CFR 573.750 - Pichia pastoris dried yeast.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... the following percent-by-weight specifications: (1) Crude protein, not less than 60 percent. (2) Crude fat, not less than 2 percent. (3) Crude fiber, not more than 2 percent. (4) Ash, not more than 13... pastoris dried yeast may be used in feed formulations of broiler chickens as a source of protein not to...

21 CFR 573.750 - Pichia pastoris dried yeast.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... the following percent-by-weight specifications: (1) Crude protein, not less than 60 percent. (2) Crude fat, not less than 2 percent. (3) Crude fiber, not more than 2 percent. (4) Ash, not more than 13... pastoris dried yeast may be used in feed formulations of broiler chickens as a source of protein not to...

Solar energy system performance evaluation report for IBM System 4 at Clinton, Mississippi

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

The IBM System 4 Solar Energy System is described and evaluated. The system was designed to provide 35 percent of the space heating and 63 percent of the domestic hot water preheating for a single family residence located within the United States. The system consists of 259 square feet of flat plate air collectors, a rock thermal storage containing 5 1/2 ton of rock, heat exchangers, blowers, a 52 gallon preheat tank, controls, and associated plumbing. In general, the performance of the system did not meet design expectations, since the overall design solar fraction was 48 percent and the measured value was 32 percent. Although the measured space heating solar fraction at 32 percent did agree favorably with the design space heating solar fraction at 35 percent, the hot water measured solar fraction at 33 percent did not agree favorably with the design hot water solar fraction of 63 percent. In particular collector array air leakage, dust covered collectors, abnormal hot water demand, and the preheat tank by pass valve problem are main reasons for the lower performance.

Label Identification from Statistical Tabulation (LIST) temporal extendability study. [North Dakota, South Dakota, and Minnesota

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dennis, T. B. (Principal Investigator)

1980-01-01

The author has identified the following significant results. The most apparent contributors to the problem of poor temporal extension of LIST are the drastic changes in the brightness keys and an inadequate set of AI responses in Phase 3. The brightness trajectories change drastically from Phase 3 to the transition year (TY). Removing brightness channels from the discriminant does not completely correct the lack of extendability. Removing brightness increases the accuracy of the extension from Phase 3 to TY from 57.7 percent to 64.18 percent. The removal of the Al keys increases accuracy to 65.76 percent. Although the latter increase appears insignificant when compared to the first, the removal of only the Al keys increased accuracy to 63.58 percent. Proper weighting of the responses explains 73.8 percent of the ground truth labels but only 56.7 percent of the Al labels. By contrast, the TY responses which were weighted to explain the TY ground truth labels fared equally well, explaining 73.6 percent of those labels and 87.1 percent of the Al labels.

Preliminary Investigation of Performance and Starting Characteristics of Liquid Fluorine : Liquid Oxygen Mixtures with Jet Fuel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rothenberg, Edward A; Ordin, Paul M

1954-01-01

The performance of jet fuel with an oxidant mixture containing 70 percent liquid fluorine and 30 percent liquid oxygen by weight was investigated in a 500-pound-thrust engine operating at a chamber pressure of 300 pounds per square inch absolute. A one-oxidant-on-one-fuel skewed-hole impinging-jet injector was evaluated in a chamber of characteristic length equal to 50 inches. A maximum experimental specific impulse of 268 pound-seconds per pound was obtained at 25 percent fuel, which corresponds to 96 percent of the maximum theoretical specific impulse based on frozen composition expansion. The maximum characteristic velocity obtained was 6050 feet per second at 23 percent fuel, or 94 percent of the theoretical maximum. The average thrust coefficient was 1.38 for the 500-pound thrust combustion-chamber nozzle used, which was 99 percent of the theoretical (frozen) maximum. Mixtures of fluorine and oxygen were found to be self-igniting with jet fuel with fluorine concentrations as low as 4 percent, when low starting propellant flow rated were used.

Interim housing conditions profile, Benton and Franklin Counties, Washington: BWIP Repository Project: Working draft

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bolton, P.A.

1987-11-01

This report describes the housing stock and its availability in Benton and Franklin counties. Depending on the specific measures, data are presented for the entire MSA, for Benton and Franklin counties separately, for incorporated and unincorporated areas within the counties, and for specific incorporated areas. The most detailed data are available for the two counties and for the major cities of Kennewick and Richland in Benton County and Pasco in Franklin County. In 1986, 64 percent of the population of Benton County and 66 percent of the housing units were in Kennewick and Richland. Seventy-three percent of the population andmore » 75 percent of the housing were in the incorporated area of Benton County. In Franklin County, Pasco accounted for 52 percent of the county's 1986 population and 57 percent of its housing. Fifty-nine percent of the population and 63 percent of the housing were in the incorporated areas of Franklin County. More detailed data are needed to fully describe the housing conditions in the jurisdictions described here. 13 refs., 9 tabs.« less

Effects of incandescent radiation on photosynthesis, growth rate and yield of 'Waldmann's Green' leaf lettuce

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Knight, Sharon L.; Mitchell, Cary A.

1988-01-01

Effects of different ratios of incandescent (ln) to fluorescent (Fl) radiation were tested on growth of 'Waldmann's Green' leaf lettuce in a controlled environment. After 4 days of treatment, dry weight, leaf area, relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area ratio (LAR) and photosynthetic rate (Pn) were greater for plants grown at 84 rather than 16 percent of total irradiance (82 W/sq m) from ln lamps. Although leaf dry weight and area were 12-17 percent greater at 84 percent ln after the first 8 days of treatment, there were no differences in RGR or Pn between treatments during the last 4 days. If 84 percent ln was compared with 50 percent ln, all cumulative growth parameters, RGR, NAR and Pn were greater for 84 percent ln during the first 4 days of treatment. However, during the second 4 days, RGR was greater for the 50 percent ln treatment, resulting in no net difference in leaf dry weight or area between treatments. Shifting from 84 to 50 percent ln radiation between the first and second 4 days of treatment increased plant dry weight, leaf area, RGR and NAR relative to those under 84 percent ln for 8 days continuously.

Provider Experience and the Comparative Safety of Laparoscopic and Open Colectomy.

PubMed

Sheetz, Kyle H; Norton, Edward C; Birkmeyer, John D; Dimick, Justin B

2017-02-01

To evaluate the comparative safety of laparoscopic and open colectomy across surgeons varying in experience with laparoscopy. National Medicare data (2008-2010) for beneficiaries undergoing laparoscopic or open colectomy. Using instrumental variable methods to address selection bias, we evaluated outcomes of laparoscopic and open colectomy. Our instrument was the regional use of laparoscopy in the year prior to a patient's operation. We then evaluated outcomes stratified by surgeons' annual volume of laparoscopic colectomy. Laparoscopic colectomy was associated with lower mortality (OR: 0.75, 95 percent CI: 0.70-0.78) and fewer complications than open surgery (OR: 0.82, 95 percent CI: 0.79-0.85). Increasing surgeon volume was associated with better outcomes for both procedures, but the relationship was stronger for laparoscopy. The comparative safety depended on surgeon volume. High-volume surgeons had 40 percent lower mortality (OR: 0.60, 95 percent CI: 0.55-0.65) and 30 percent fewer complications (OR: 0.70, 95 percent CI: 0.67-0.74) with laparoscopy. Conversely, low-volume surgeons had 7 percent higher mortality (OR: 1.07, 95 percent CI: 1.02-1.13) and 18 percent more complications (OR: 1.18, 95 percent CI: 1.12-1.24) with laparoscopy. This population-based study demonstrates that the comparative safety of laparoscopic and open colectomy is influenced by surgeon volume. Laparoscopic colectomy is only safer for patients whose surgeons have sufficient experience. © Health Research and Educational Trust.

Predental students' attitudes toward and perceptions of the dental profession.

PubMed

Hawley, Nathan J; Ditmyer, Marcia M; Sandoval, Victor A

2008-12-01

The purpose of this study was to assess reasons students seek a career in dentistry, their perceptions of the dental school admissions process, and their expectations of the profession. Of 155 predental students participating in a dental school simulation course offered at a Nevada dental school, 152 participated in this study (68.4 percent [n=104] male, and 31.6 percent [n=48] female). When asked when they made the decision to pursue a career in dentistry, 52 percent (n=79) said they decided in college, while 33.6 percent (n=51) made the decision in high school. A slight majority of the respondents (52.6 percent; n=80) identified their family dentist as having the greatest influence in their decision. Nearly half (47.8 percent; n=64) expected to pursue a career in general dentistry, while the next largest subgroup expected to pursue orthodontics (16.4 percent; n=22). A significant majority of the respondents (72.8 percent; n=110) perceived the dental school admissions process to be fair. Males were significantly more likely to identify themselves as competitive applicants than did females (chi(2)=9.644; p<.01). Approximately half (47.4 percent; n=72) anticipate earning between $100,000 and $199,999 within five years after graduation, with 50.7 percent (n=77) anticipating working between thirty-five and forty hours a week. By understanding the applicant pool and their perceptions, admissions committees can better prepare to attract the applicants they desire.

Inter-Observer Agreement of Whole-Body Computed Tomography in Staging and Response Assessment in Lymphoma: The Lugano Classification.

PubMed

Razek, Ahmed Abdel Khalek Abdel; Shamaa, Sameh; Lattif, Mahmoud Abdel; Yousef, Hanan Hamid

2017-01-01

To assess inter-observer agreement of whole-body computed tomography (WBCT) in staging and response assessment in lymphoma according to the Lugano classification. Retrospective analysis was conducted of 115 consecutive patients with lymphomas (45 females, 70 males; mean age of 46 years). Patients underwent WBCT with a 64 multi-detector CT device for staging and response assessment after a complete course of chemotherapy. Image analysis was performed by 2 reviewers according to the Lugano classification for staging and response assessment. The overall inter-observer agreement of WBCT in staging of lymphoma was excellent ( k =0.90, percent agreement=94.9%). There was an excellent inter-observer agreement for stage I ( k =0.93, percent agreement=96.4%), stage II ( k =0.90, percent agreement=94.8%), stage III ( k =0.89, percent agreement=94.6%) and stage IV ( k =0.88, percent agreement=94%). The overall inter-observer agreement in response assessment after a completer course of treatment was excellent ( k =0.91, percent agreement=95.8%). There was an excellent inter-observer agreement in progressive disease ( k =0.94, percent agreement=97.1%), stable disease ( k =0.90, percent agreement=95%), partial response ( k =0.96, percent agreement=98.1%) and complete response ( k =0.87, Percent agreement=93.3%). We concluded that WBCT is a reliable and reproducible imaging modality for staging and treatment assessment in lymphoma according to the Lugano classification.

Progressive behavioral changes in rats after exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation in utero

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Norton, S.; Kimler, B.F.; Mullenix, P.J.

1991-03-01

The deleterious effects of ionizing radiation on the developing brain may be not only prolonged but progressive. Fetuses were exposed to 0.75 Gy of ionizing radiation on gestational day 15 through whole body exposure of the pregnant rat. Three behavioral tests (gait analysis, continuous corridor activity and photographic analysis of sequences of behavioral acts) were performed at 1 and 3 months, postnatally. Body weight and thickness of the cerebral cortex of irradiated rats were 10-15 percent below controls throughout the period of study. Behavior in all tests was more affected at 3 months than at 1 month of age. Gaitmore » of control rats, as measured by the angle of advanced of hind feet, widened about 20 percent for males and 40 percent for females from 1 to 3 months, as expected, while, in irradiated rats, the angle widened only about 10 percent. Continuous corridor activity increased less than 10 percent in controls and about 35 percent in irradiated rats over the same period. In photographic analysis of behavior, controls increased their time spent standing by about 50 percent in males and 20 percent in females from 1 to 3 months of age. Irradiated males increased time standing only about 10 percent and irradiated females decreased about 30 percent over the same period. The data obtained in these experiments support other evidence that some behavioral alterations from perinatal exposure to radiation become more marked with maturation.« less

Low-Income Working Families With Employer-Sponsored Insurance Turn To Public Insurance For Their Children.

PubMed

Strane, Douglas; French, Benjamin; Eder, Jennifer; Wong, Charlene A; Noonan, Kathleen G; Rubin, David M

2016-12-01

Many families rely on employer-sponsored health insurance for their children. However, the rise in the cost of such insurance has outpaced growth in family income, potentially making public insurance (Medicaid or the Children's Health Insurance Plan) an attractive alternative for affordable dependent coverage. Using data for 2008-13 from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, we quantified the coverage rates for children from low- or moderate-income households in which a parent was offered employer-sponsored insurance. Among families in which parents were covered by such insurance, the proportion of children without employer-sponsored coverage increased from 22.5 percent in 2008 to 25.0 percent in 2013. The percentage of children with public insurance when a parent was covered by employer-sponsored insurance increased from 12.1 percent in 2008 to 15.2 percent in 2013. This trend was most pronounced for families with incomes of 100-199 percent of the federal poverty level, for whom the share of children with public insurance increased from 22.8 percent to 29.9 percent. Among families with incomes of 200-299 percent of poverty, uninsurance rates for children increased from 6.0 percent to 9.2 percent. These findings suggest a movement away from employer-sponsored insurance and toward public insurance for children in low-income families, and growth in uninsurance among children in moderate-income families. Project HOPE—The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.

Prevalence of upper extremity symptoms and disorders among dental and dental hygiene students.

PubMed

Werner, Robert A; Franzblau, Alfred; Gell, Nancy; Hamann, Curt; Rodgers, Pamela A; Caruso, Timothy J; Perry, Frank; Lamb, Courtney; Beaver, Shirley; Hinkamp, David; Eklund, Kathy; Klausner, Christine P

2005-02-01

Upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders are common among dental professionals. The natural history of these disorders is not well-understood. These disorders are more common in older workers, but the prevalence among younger workers has not been well-studied. The objective of this study was to determine if dental/dental hygiene students had a similar prevalence of upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders compared to age-matched clerical workers. We hypothesize students will have a lower prevalence of upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders compared to clerical workers. This was a cross-sectional design. Dental and dental hygiene students from three schools were compared to clerical workers from three locations (an insurance company and two data processing plants). There were 343 dental and dental hygiene students and 164 age-matched clerical workers. Regional discomfort was the primary outcome. The secondary health outcomes were diagnoses of carpal tunnel syndrome and upper extremity tendinitis. Clerical workers had a higher prevalence of hand symptoms (62 percent vs. 20 percent), elbow symptoms (34 percent vs. 6 percent) and shoulder/neck symptoms (48 percent vs. 16 percent) and a higher prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome (2.5 percent vs. .6 percent) and upper extremity tendinitis (12 percent vs. 5 percent). The clerical workers were more obese, smoked more, exercised less frequently, and had lower educational levels and less control of their work environment. Dental and dental hygiene students have a very low prevalence of upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders. A longitudinal study is necessary to evaluate ergonomic and personal risk factors.

Association between cesarean delivery rate and body mass index.

PubMed

Berendzen, Jodi A; Howard, Bobby C

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between cesarean delivery rate and body mass index (BMI) for the patient population served by the University of Tennessee Medical Center in Knoxville, TN. A retrospective, cohort study was conducted using the perinatal birthlog fromJanuary 1, 2009 through December 31, 2009. The database totaled 2,399 women. Women who delivered > or = 23 weeks gestational age were included. Those missing data imperative to our study (height, weight, mode of delivery) were excluded. Thus, our study included 2,235 women. Cesarean delivery rate was calculated for each of the five BMI categories. Univariate analysis using Chi square, Mann-Whitney U test and independent t-test were used to describe associations between body mass index, mode of delivery and other independent variables. Additional analyses were made on the subset of nulliparous women. Using prepregnancy BMI, 6.7 percent of our population was underweight, 44.3 percent normal weight, 22.6 percent overweight, 20.6 percent obese, and 5.8 percent morbidly obese. The overall cesarean delivery rate was 36.2 percent. Twenty-six percent of underweight and 31.4 percent of normal weight women required cesarean delivery, while 39.1 percent of overweight, 40.8 percent of obese and 56.6 percent of morbidly obese women required cesarean delivery. In addition to cesarean delivery, hypertensive disorders (OR 3.29; 95% CI 2.51-4.31) and diabetes (OR 5.27; 95% CI 3.73-7.44) complicated significantly more pregnancies of obese women than normal weight women. There was an increased rate of cesarean delivery as BMI increased. Increased BMI is also associated with other pregnancy complications, including hypertensive disorders and diabetes.

New diagnostic and therapeutic techniques in the management of pyogenic liver abscesses

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ranson, J.H.C.; Madayag, M.A.; Localio, S.A.

1975-05-01

An unexplained increase in the frequency of pyogenic liver abscesses of unknown etiology has, fortunately, been paralleled by significant advances in diagnostic and therapeutic methods. This report reviews experience with 14 patients operated upon at NYU Medical Center since 1971. Eight cases (57 percent) were cryptogenic. Other abscesses were associated with biliary disease (3); abdominal sepsis (2); and trauma (1). Abscesses were present on hospitalization in 12 patients. Clinical findings included fever (101 to 108 F), 100 percent; leucocytosis, 71 percent; anorexia and vomiting, 50 percent; localized tenderness and hepatomegaly, 50 percent; hypoalbuminemia; 86 percent; hypocholesterolemia, 78 percent; elevated SGOT,more » 71 percent; and elevated aikaline phosphatase, 43 percent. Technetium hepatic scintiscans showed focal defects in 10 of 12 patients (83 percent), but did not detect multiple abscesses in 2 of these. Hepatic arteriography performed in 10 patients was highly accurate, outlining single abscesses in 6 and multiple abscesses in 4. Furthermore, in one patient a false positive scintiscan was demonstrated by negative arteriography, confirmed by autopsy. In 4 patients, arteriography indicated an abscess in the posterior-superior area of the right hepatic lobe. With precise anatomical localization, a transthoracic approach permitted uncomplicated drainage in each case. This approach provides excellent exposure and direct drainage for abscesses in this area. An additional therapeutic adjunct in two patients, with 4 and 11 abscesses each, was postoperative intraportal infusion of antibiotics through the umbilical vein. Thirteen patients (83 percent) recovered, one dying from pulmonary embolism. Primary hepatic abscesses occur with increasing frequency. The methods described allow more precise preoperative diagnosis and direct surgical drainage. (auth)« less

Lyme disease in children in southeastern Connecticut. Pediatric Lyme Disease Study Group.

PubMed

Gerber, M A; Shapiro, E D; Burke, G S; Parcells, V J; Bell, G L

1996-10-24

Although the incidence of Lyme disease is highest in children, there are few prospective data on the clinical manifestations and outcomes in children. We conducted a prospective, longitudinal, community-based cohort study of children with newly diagnosed Lyme disease in an area of Connecticut in which the disease is highly endemic. We obtained clinical and demographic information and performed serial antibody tests and follow-up evaluations. Over a period of 20 months, 201 consecutive patients were enrolled; their median age was 7 years (range, 1 to 21). The initial clinical manifestations of Lyme disease were a single erythema migrans lesion in 66 percent, multiple erythema migrans lesions in 23 percent, arthritis in 6 percent, facial-nerve palsy in 3 percent, aseptic meningitis in 2 percent, and carditis in 0.5 percent. At presentation, 37 percent of the patients with a single erythema migrans lesion and 89 percent of those with multiple erythema migrans lesions had antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi. All but 3 of the 201 patients were treated for two to four weeks with conventional antimicrobial therapy, which was administered orally in 96 percent. All had prompt clinical responses. After four weeks, 94 percent were completely asymptomatic (including the two patients whose parents had refused to allow antimicrobial treatment). At follow-up a mean of 25.4 months later, none of the patients had evidence of either chronic or recurrent Lyme disease. Six patients subsequently had a new episode of erythema migrans. About 90 percent of children with Lyme disease present with erythema migrans, which is an early stage of the disease. The prognosis is excellent for those with early Lyme disease who are treated promptly with conventional courses of antimicrobial agents.

Premarital sexual intercourse among adolescents in Malaysia: a cross-sectional Malaysian school survey.

PubMed

Lee, L K; Chen, P C Y; Lee, K K; Kaur, J

2006-06-01

Sexual intercourse among Malaysian adolescents is a major concern, especially with the worry of HIV/AIDS. This study was done to determine the prevalence of sexual intercourse among secondary school students aged 12 to 19 years in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. This is a cross-sectional school survey conducted on 4,500 adolescent students based on a structured questionnaire. Data were collected using the self-administered questionnaire (translated version of the Youth Risk Behaviour Surveillance in Bahasa Malaysia). The study showed that 5.4 percent of the total sample were reported to have had sexual intercourse. The proportion among male students who had had sex was higher (8.3 percent) compared with female students (2.9 percent). The mean age at first sexual intercourse was 15 years. One percent of students reported that they had been pregnant or had made someone else pregnant. Adolescent sexual intercourse was significantly associated with (1) socio-demographical factors (age, gender); (2) environmental factors (staying with parents); and (3) substance use (alcohol use, cigarette smoking, drug use), even after adjustment for demographical factors. The survey showed that 20.8 percent of respondents had taken alcohol, 14.0 percent had smoked cigarettes, 2.5 percent had tried marijuana, 1.2 percent had tried ecstasy pills, 2.6 percent had tried glue sniffing, 0.7 percent had tried heroin, and 0.7 percent had intravenous drugs. Prevalence of sexual intercourse among Malaysian adolescents was relatively low compared to developed countries. However, certain groups of adolescents tend to be at higher risk of engaging in sexual intercourse. This problem should be addressed early by targeting these groups of high-risk adolescents.

Natrelle round silicone breast implants: Core Study results at 10 years.

PubMed

Spear, Scott L; Murphy, Diane K

2014-06-01

Allergan's Natrelle round silicone-filled breast implants were approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2006 based on interim results from the Core Study; final 10-year study results are now available. Seven hundred fifteen subjects were implanted with smooth and Biocell textured Natrelle round silicone implants and attended clinic visits at 0 to 4 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, and annually through 10 years. Approximately one-third of subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging at years 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 to assess rupture. Complication rates showed modest increases over the previously published 6-year rates. The Kaplan-Meier capsular contracture rate was 18.9 percent for augmentation, 28.7 percent for revision-augmentation, and 24.6 percent for reconstruction. Among augmentation subjects, capsular contracture was significantly lower (p = 0.023) for submuscular (15.7 percent) versus subglandular (26.3 percent) placement. The overall rupture rate in the magnetic resonance imaging cohort was 13.0 percent for subjects and 7.7 percent for implants. By the end of the study, 81.8 percent of augmentation subjects still had an original implant in place. Using a five-point scale, 94.2 percent of augmentation, 83.8 percent of revision-augmentation, and 90.7 percent of reconstruction subjects reported being satisfied or definitely satisfied with their implants. Significant improvement over baseline was also seen in overall breast satisfaction and satisfaction with breast size, shape, feel, and how well they matched. The 10-year data from the Natrelle Core Study, which can guide surgeons and patients in decision-making, demonstrate safety and high levels of patient satisfaction. Therapeutic, III.

The natural history of Becker expandable breast implants: a single-center 10-year experience.

PubMed

Sindali, Katia; Davis, Marcus; Mughal, Maleeha; Orkar, Kusu S

2013-09-01

Use of Becker expandable breast implants in single-stage breast surgery is a well-established technique; however, replacement with fixed-volume implants is common. The authors sought to analyze the long-term natural history of these implants over a wide range of surgical indications. A retrospective review of 330 consecutive patients who underwent 384 Becker expander breast reconstructions over a 10-year period in a dedicated plastic surgery unit was undertaken. Implant indication, Becker type, volume and site, complications, expander lifespan, and explant reasons were assessed. Two hundred twenty-eight patients (267 implants) and 102 patients (117 implants) underwent implantation for congenital deformities and breast cancer reconstruction, respectively. One hundred eighty-seven (48 percent) were explanted at a median period of 13.0 months (range, 9.0 to 26.0 months), 149 (39 percent) for aesthetic reasons and 38 (10 percent) for complications. Complication rates were higher in breast cancer reconstruction compared with congenital patients (19.6 percent versus 7.9 percent; p = 0.002), driven by an increased rate of wound complications (13.7 percent versus 4.4 percent; p = 0.003). Cancer-related surgery and advancing age were the only predictors of complication risk. The overall Becker expander retention rate was 24.9 percent and 46.8 percent at 150 months in the cancer reconstruction and congenital groups, respectively. Forty-seven percent of Becker implants were retained long term after congenital corrective surgery; only 25 percent were retained after postmastectomy reconstruction. Poor aesthetics was driving the exchange for fixed-volume implants, indicating that after breast cancer reconstruction, Becker expanders were being used as part of a two-stage reconstructive strategy.

Abdominoplasty: Risk Factors, Complication Rates, and Safety of Combined Procedures.

PubMed

Winocour, Julian; Gupta, Varun; Ramirez, J Roberto; Shack, R Bruce; Grotting, James C; Higdon, K Kye

2015-11-01

Among aesthetic surgery procedures, abdominoplasty is associated with a higher complication rate, but previous studies are limited by small sample sizes or single-institution experience. A cohort of patients who underwent abdominoplasty between 2008 and 2013 was identified from the CosmetAssure database. Major complications were recorded. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed evaluating risk factors, including age, smoking, body mass index, sex, diabetes, type of surgical facility, and combined procedures. The authors identified 25,478 abdominoplasties from 183,914 procedures in the database. Of these, 8,975 patients had abdominoplasty alone and 16,503 underwent additional procedures. The number of complications recorded was 1,012 (4.0 percent overall rate versus 1.4 percent in other aesthetic surgery procedures). Of these, 31.5 percent were hematomas, 27.2 percent were infections and 20.2 percent were suspected or confirmed venous thromboembolism. On multivariate analysis, significant risk factors (p < 0.05) included male sex (relative risk, 1.8), age 55 years or older (1.4), body mass index greater than or equal to 30 (1.3), multiple procedures (1.5), and procedure performance in a hospital or surgical center versus office-based surgical suite (1.6). Combined procedures increased the risk of complication (abdominoplasty alone, 3.1 percent; with liposuction, 3.8 percent; breast procedure, 4.3 percent; liposuction and breast procedure, 4.6 percent; body-contouring procedure, 6.8 percent; liposuction and body-contouring procedure, 10.4 percent). Abdominoplasty is associated with a higher complication rate compared with other aesthetic procedures. Combined procedures can significantly increase complication rates and should be considered carefully in higher risk patients. Risk, II.

Meal composition and plasma amino acid ratios: Effect of various proteins or carbohydrates, and of various protein concentrations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yokogoshi, Hidehiko; Wurtman, Richard J.

1986-01-01

The effects of meals containing various proteins and carbohydrates, and of those containing various proportions of protein (0 percent to 20 percent of a meal, by weight) or of carbohydrate (0 percent to 75 percent), on plasma levels of certain large neutral amino acids (LNAA) in rats previously fasted for 19 hours were examined. Also the plasma tryptophan ratios (the ratio of the plasma trytophan concentration to the summed concentrations of the other large neutral amino acids) and other plasma amino acid ratios were calculated. (The plasma tryptophan ratio has been shown to determine brain tryptophan levels and, thereby, to affect the synthesis and release of the neurotransmitter serotonin). A meal containing 70 percent to 75 percent of an insulin-secreting carbohydrate (dextrose or dextrin) increased plasma insulin levels and the tryptophan ratio; those containing 0 percent or 25 percent carbohydrate failed to do so. Addition of as little as 5 percent casein to a 70 percent carbohydrate meal fully blocked the increase in the plasma tryptophan ratio without affecting the secretion of insulin - probably by contributing much larger quantities of the other LNAA than of tryptophan to the blood. Dietary proteins differed in their ability to suppress the carbohydrate-induced rise in the plasma tryptophan ratio. Addition of 10 percent casein, peanut meal, or gelatin fully blocked this increase, but lactalbumin failed to do so, and egg white did so only partially. (Consumption of the 10 percent gelatin meal also produced a major reduction in the plasma tyrosine ratio, and may thereby have affected brain tyrosine levels and catecholamine synthesis.) These observations suggest that serotonin-releasing neurons in brains of fasted rats are capable of distinguishing (by their metabolic effects) between meals poor in protein but rich in carbohydrates that elicit insulin secretion, and all other meals. The changes in brain serotonin caused by carbohydrate-rich, protein-poor meals may affect subsequent food choice and various serotonin-mediated behaviors.

A clinical evaluation of a giomer restorative system containing surface prereacted glass ionomer filler: results from a 13-year recall examination.

PubMed

Gordan, Valeria V; Blaser, Paul K; Watson, Ronald E; Mjör, Ivar A; McEdward, Deborah L; Sensi, Luis G; Riley, Joseph L

2014-10-01

The authors' objective was to evaluate the long-term performance of a resin-based composite restorative material (Beautifil, Shofu, Kyoto, Japan) in combination with a self-etching primer (FL-Bond, Shofu) for posterior restorations. Two clinicians placed 61 restorations, 26 Class I and 35 Class II, in 31 patients. They placed restorations while using rubber dam isolation. Two other clinicians examined the restorations according to the modified U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria, observing color match, marginal adaptation, anatomy, surface roughness, marginal staining, interfacial staining, proximal and occlusal contacts, secondary caries, postoperative sensitivity and luster. Clinicians examined restorations at baseline as well as at one-, two-, four-, eight- and 13-year recall visits. All restorations were examined at one year, 58 (95 percent) at two years, 39 (64 percent) at four years and 41 (67 percent) at eight years; at the 13-year recall examination, 41 (67 percent) either were examined or had a known outcome. Of the 41 restorations seen at the 13-year examination, 25 restorations (14 Class I and 11 Class II) were intact and acceptable, two had secondary caries and 14 either were not present or had failed (two were missing, 10 had received crowns and two had been replaced). No changes were observed in the modified USPHS criteria for 12 of the 25 restorations that were intact (48 percent). Areas of change observed in 13 of the 25 intact restorations included color match (12 percent), marginal adaptation at the occlusal (20 percent) and proximal surfaces (4 percent), marginal staining on occlusal (24 percent) and proximal surfaces (8 percent), and interfacial staining on occlusal (4 percent) and proximal surfaces (12 percent). The study results showed that most of the restorations observed at the 13-year recall examination maintained acceptable clinical qualities. Beautifil restorative material demonstrated long-term successful results for restoration of posterior teeth.

Prevalence and profile of females at risk of eating disorders in Singapore.

PubMed

Ho, T F; Tai, B C; Lee, E L; Cheng, S; Liow, P H

2006-06-01

The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of young females at risk of developing eating disorders (ED) and the associated socio-demographical variables. A set of self-administered questionnaires consisting of an Eating Attitude Test (EAT), an Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) and a socio-demographical questionnaire was administered to 4,461 young females. Based on scores for EAT and/or EDI-drive for thinness (EDI-DT) subscale, subjects were categorised into either "normal" (NM) or "at risk" (AR) of ED. Mean age of the subjects was 16.7 years (range 12-26 years). The ethnic composition was 78.8 percent Chinese, 11.7 percent Malay, 6.6 percent Indian and 3 percent other ethnic groups. Prevalence of AR was 7.4 percent (95 percent confidence interval [CI] 6.7-8.2 percent). Mean EAT and EDI-DT scores for AR were significantly higher than that of NM (EAT: mean difference is 22.1, 95 percent CI 20.7-23.4, p-value is less than 0.0001; EDI-DT: mean difference is 10.9, 95 percent CI 10.5-11.4, p-value is less than 0.0001). Female Malays constituted a significantly larger proportion of AR (20.6 percent) as compared to NM (10.9 percent). AR females are more likely to use Malay as a spoken language at home (prevalence rate ratio 1.70, p-value is 0.001) and to be better educated with completion of General Certificate of Education (GCE) "O" levels. However, the parents of AR females are likely to be less well educated (below GCE "A" levels). The prevalence of females at risk of developing ED is 7.4 percent. Malay ethnic group, using Malay language at home and the educational levels of both the subjects and their parents appear to be associated with an increased risk for development of ED.

Management of diaphragmatic rupture from blunt trauma.

PubMed

Tan, K K; Yan, Z Y; Vijayan, A; Chiu, M T

2009-12-01

Diagnosis of diaphragmatic rupture is difficult, and delays could result in a catastrophic outcome. We reviewed our institution's management of patients with diaphragmatic rupture after blunt trauma. All patients in this study were treated at Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, from March 2002 to October 2008. Patients with penetrating injuries were excluded. The parameters included age, mechanism of injury, haemodynamic status at admission, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, injury severity score (ISS), imaging studies, location of diaphragmatic injuries, associated injuries and outcome. 14 patients with a median age of 38 years formed the study group. Vehicular-related incidents accounted for 71.4 percent of the injuries. The median GCS score on admission was 14 (range 3-15), while the median systolic blood pressure and heart rate were 94 (range 50-164) mmHg and 110 (range 76-140) beats per minute, respectively. The median ISS was 41 (range 14-66). All had chest radiographs performed in the emergency department, six (42.9 percent) had computed tomography performed before surgery, while the remaining eight (57.1 percent) were sent straight to the operating theatre from the emergency department. There were five (35.7 percent) right-sided and nine (64.3 percent) left-sided diaphragmatic ruptures. The mortality rate was 35.7 percent. Some of the associated injuries included eight (57.1 percent) splenic lacerations, five (35.7 percent) haemothorax and lung injuries, four (28.6 percent) bone fractures and three (21.4 percent) liver lacerations. 12 (85.7 percent) patients underwent repair of the diaphragmatic rupture using interrupted polypropylene suture, while the remaining two (14.3 percent) were too haemodynamically unstable to undergo definitive treatment. Advanced age, haemodynamic instability and raised ISS were associated with mortality. An accurate diagnosis of diaphragmatic rupture in trauma patients is difficult, and a thorough examination of both the hemidiaphragms is mandatory during emergency laparotomy for these patients. Those with more severe injuries and decreased physiological reserves usually fare worse.

Estimated discharge of treated wastewater in Florida, 1990

USGS Publications Warehouse

Marella, R.L.

1994-01-01

According to the Florida Department of Environ- mental Protection, 5,100 wastewater treatment systems were in operation during 1990. Of this total, 72 percent were domestic wastewater facilities and 28 percent were industrial waste- water facilities. The number of wastewater systems inventoried for 1990 was 1,062 (systems that treated and discharged more than 0.01 Mgal/d or had a plant capacity of greater than 0.04 Mgal/d. Based on this inventory, the estimated discharge of treated wastewater in Florida during 1990 totaled 1,638 million gallons per day. Approxi- mately 65 percent of this water was discharged to surface water during 1990 and the remaining 35 percent was discharged to ground water. Discharge to surface water includes effluent outfalls into the Atlantic Ocean (32 percent), while the re- maining (68 percent) is discharged into the Gulf of Mexico, bays, rivers, wetlands, and other surface water bodies throughout Florida. Discharge to ground-water includes treated effluent outfalls to land application systems (reuse systems and spray fields), drain fields, percolation ponds (51 percent), and to injection wells (49 percent). An estimated 322 million gallons per day of the treated domestic and industrial wastewater was reused during 1990. Discharge of treated domestic wastewater from the 994 systems inventoried in Florida during 1990 totaled 1,353 million gallons per day and served an estimated 8.58 million people (66 percent of the population of Florida in 1990). The remaining 34 percent of the popu- lation (4.36 million) are served by the 2,700 smaller domestic wastewater systems or have individual septic tanks. In 1990, there were 1.56 million septic tanks in Florida. Discharge of industrial wastewater was inventoried for 68 systems in 1990 and totaled 285 million gallons per day. Discharge of domestic wastewater in- creased more than 20 percent and industrial wastewater discharge increased 5 percent from 1985 to 1990. (USGS)

The relationship between biological cognitive and psychosocial characteristics of parents and the weight of infant at the time of birth in Isfahan.

PubMed

Talebian, Mohammad Hassan; Afrooz, Gholam Ali; Hooman, Heidar Ali; Aghaei, Asghar

2013-01-01

The present study was connected in order to evaluate the relationship between biological, cognitive and psychosocial characteristics of mothers and the weight of infant at the time of birth. In order to conduct this research a sample of 910 women among recently delivered mothers of Isfahan province in 2009 were selected. From stratified sampling and cluster sampling according to the percentage of population in each of the cities of Isfahan Province was used. The data was gathered with a questionnaire prepared by the researcher in order to evaluate the biological cognitive and psychosocial characteristics of mothers, in addition to the Enrich marital satisfaction test. After collecting data, the analysis of the data was done with SPSS software in two categories of descriptive and inferential statistics by using logistic regression model. The results showed that the prevalence of low weight infants was 9.5 percent and 38.7 percent of pregnancies was unwanted. Twenty-nine percent of mothers had marital dissatisfaction. 15/6 percent of pregnancies were below 20 years old and 22 percent was above of 35 years old. 38.9 percent of mothers were exposed to cigarette smoke. The average of weight gain during pregnancies was 9 kilograms. Thirty three percent of mothers had high blood pressure during pregnancy, 26.7 percent had history of abortion and 31.9 percent had history of bleeding. 23/1percent of women was employed during pregnancy, 19.8 percent gave twin birth and 21/1 percent of parents were relative of each other, 29.7 percent of deliveries were done in cesarean way. The results of this study showed that severe marital dissatisfaction, abnormal blood pressure during pregnancy, being employed during pregnancy, weight gain less than 5 Kg during pregnancy, pregnancy below the age of 20 can meaning fully increase the possibility of low birth weight in infant (α=0.05). The results were consisting with the previous findings and indicated that some of the applicable benefits of this research can be recording of information about each delivery in the whole country with holding training workshops of before and during pregnancy skills by welfare organization.

A randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled efficacy and safety study of naftifine 2% cream in the treatment of tinea pedis.

PubMed

Parish, Lawrence Charles; Parish, Jennifer L; Routh, Hirak B; Fleischer, Alan B; Avakian, Edward V; Plaum, Stefan; Hardas, Bhushan

2011-11-01

Naftifine HCl 2% cream (NAFT-2) is a topical allylamine antifungal agent under development in the United States. This randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, phase 3 trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of two weeks of NAFT-2 treatment in subjects with tinea pedis. Naftifine 1% cream (NAFT-1) treatment for four weeks and vehicle were also evaluated as a positive control. 709 subjects were randomly assigned 2:1:2:1 to one of four treatment groups: (i) NAFT-2 (n= 235), (ii) two-week vehicle (n=118), (iii) NAFT-1 (n=237), or (iv) four-week vehicle (n=119). Efficacy was evaluated at baseline, week 2, week 4, and week 6 and consisted of mycology determination (KOH and dermatophyte culture) and scoring of clinical symptom severity (erythema, scaling, and pruritus). Efficacy was only analyzed in 425 subjects with positive baseline dermatophyte culture. Safety was evaluated by adverse events (AE) and laboratory values in 707 subjects. At week 6, NAFT-2 subjects achieved 18 percent complete cure rate, 67 percent mycological cure rate, 57 percent treatment effectiveness, 22 percent clinical cure rate, and 78 percent clinical success rate compared to respective vehicle rates of seven percent (one-sided, P<0.01), 21 percent (P<0.001), 20 percent (P<0.001), 11 percent (P=0.04) and 49 percent (P<0.001). Week 6 efficacy responses in NAFT-1-treated subjects were significantly higher than vehicle subjects and almost identical to NAFT-2 subjects. Mycological cure and clinical response rates in both NAFT-2 and NAFT-1 increased from week 2 to week 6. Treatment-related AEs occurred in five percent of NAFT-2 subjects, seven percent of vehicle subjects, four percent of NAFT-1 subjects and eight percent of vehicle subjects. The most common AEs for all groups were application site pruritus and skin irritation. Topical NAFT-2 for two weeks is safe and provides significantly superior antifungal treatment than vehicle in tinea pedis subjects. NAFT-2 produces equivalent efficacy responses to four weeks of NAFT-1 treatment. The fungicidal activity of naftifine continues to increase for at least one month after treatment is completed. (Clinical Trials Identification Numbe=NCT00750139). J Drugs Dermatol. 2011;10(11):1282-1288.

Revealing and Resolving Patient Safety Defects: The Impact of Leadership WalkRounds on Frontline Caregiver Assessments of Patient Safety

PubMed Central

Frankel, Allan; Grillo, Sarah Pratt; Pittman, Mary; Thomas, Eric J; Horowitz, Lisa; Page, Martha; Sexton, Bryan

2008-01-01

Objective To evaluate the impact of rigorous WalkRounds on frontline caregiver assessments of safety climate, and to clarify the steps and implementation of rigorous WalkRounds. Data Sources/Study Setting Primary outcome variables were baseline and post WalkRounds safety climate scores from the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ). Secondary outcomes were safety issues elicited through WalkRounds. Study period was August 2002 to April 2005; seven hospitals in Massachusetts agreed to participate; and the project was implemented in all patient care areas. Study Design Prospective study of the impact of rigorously applied WalkRounds on frontline caregivers assessments of safety climate in their patient care area. WalkRounds were conducted weekly and according to the seven-step WalkRounds Guide. The SAQ was administered at baseline and approximately 18 months post-WalkRounds implementation to all caregivers in patient care areas. Results Two of seven hospitals complied with the rigorous WalkRounds approach; hospital A was an academic teaching center and hospital B a community teaching hospital. Of 21 patient care areas, SAQ surveys were received from 62 percent of respondents at baseline and 60 percent post WalkRounds. At baseline, 10 of 21 care areas (48 percent) had safety climate scores below 60 percent, whereas post-WalkRounds three care areas (14 percent) had safety climate scores below 60 percent without improving by 10 points or more. Safety climate scale scores in hospital A were 62 percent at baseline and 77 percent post-WalkRounds (t=2.67, p=.03), and in hospital B were 46 percent at baseline and 56 percent post WalkRounds (t=2.06, p=.06). Main safety issues by category were equipment/facility (A [26 percent] and B [33 percent]) and communication (A [24 percent] and B [18 percent]). Conclusions WalkRounds implementation requires significant organizational will; sustainability requires outstanding project management and leadership engagement. In the patient care areas that rigorously implemented WalkRounds, frontline caregiver assessments of patient safety increased. SAQ results such as safety climate scores facilitate the triage of quality improvement efforts, and provide consensus assessments of frontline caregivers that identify themes for improvement. PMID:18671751

Family income and crowd out among children enrolled in Massachusetts Children's Medical Security Plan.

PubMed

Feinberg, E; Swartz, K; Zaslavsky, A; Gardner, J; Klein Walker, D

2001-12-01

To assess whether participation in a state publicly financed health insurance program, Massachusetts Children's Medical Security Plan (CMSP) , which is open to children regardless of income, was associated with disenrollment from private insurance. A survey of participants in CMSP who were enrolled as of April 1998 was used. We conducted analyses to detect differences in access to and uptake of private insurance between Medicaid-eligible and in eligible children, and between children eligible for the State Children's Health insurance Program (SCHIP) and in eligible children. A stratified sample of children was drawn from administrative files. the sampling strategy allowed us to examine crowd out among children based on in come and eligibility for publicly funded coverage: those who were Medicaid-eligible (income pound 133 percent of the federal poverty level [FPL]) , those who were SCHIP-eligible (134-200 percent of FPL) , and those with family in comes that exceed SCHIP eligibility criteria (> 200 percent of FPL). The majority of telephone interviews were conducted with the child's parent/guardian between November 1998 and March 1999. The overall response rate was 61.8 percent , yielding a sample of 996 children. Of the children in our sample whose recent health coverage was employer-sponsored insurance (59 percent), 70 percent were no longer eligible. Few children who had employer-sponsored insurance at enrollment dropped this coverage to enroll in CM SP (1 percent, 4 percent, and 2 percent by income). Compared to Medicaid-eligible children, children with incomes > 133 percent of FPL were significantly more likely to be eligible for employer-sponsored insurance but they were no more likely to have purchased offered coverage. Access to employer-sponsored insurance was limited (19 percent), and uptake was low (13 percent). We found no significant difference between SCHIP-eligible children and those whose family incomes exceeded SCHIP guidelines. The Massachusetts experience suggests that (1) coverage could be expanded to children with incomes up to 200 percent of FPL with little direct substitution of public coverage for private insurance, and (2) substitution among children with incomes > 200 percent of FPL, who paid a premium that may have restrained crowd out, did not differ from that among SCHIP-eligible children.

Natural factors of technological disasters in Russia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Petrova, Elena

2010-05-01

More than 90 percent of disasters occurring in the Russian Federation are technological accidents and catastrophes, which account for nearly 80 percent of all the fatalities and affected people. A total of 1966 technological disasters and 152 natural ones occurred in Russia in 2008. In addition to technical, social, and economic causes of technological disasters, natural factors also play an essential role in triggering or magnifying them. A data base of technological disasters happened in Russia since 1992 has been created. More than 11,000 events are listed in the data base. New information is constantly being added to it. Occurrence time and location, a type of disaster, a number of people killed and affected, economic and ecological losses as well as a probable cause of every disaster are registered; its short description is also included. Using collected data a contribution of various natural hazards and phenomena to occurrence of technological disasters in Russia was assessed. Almost 5 percent of all technological disasters listed in the data base were triggered by natural processes. Natural factors caused the most part of accidents at power supply systems (72 percent), 11 percent of accidents at heat- and 9 percent at water supply systems; more than 10 percent of sudden collapses of buildings and mines as well as water accidents; 4.5 percent of pipeline ruptures, and 2 to 3 percent of air crashes, automobile and railway accidents. The majority of these technological disasters and accidents caused by natural factors were produced by windstorms and hurricanes (37 percent), snowfalls and snowstorms (27 percent), rainfalls (16 percent), hard frost and icy conditions of roads (12 percent), and thunderstorms (nearly 4 percent). Climate changes expected until the end of the century will have important consequences for frequency increasing and change in spatial distribution of technological disasters triggered by hydrometeorological phenomena. Increasing of precipitation (especially in liquid form) in cold seasons and alternation of thaw periods and cold spells may trigger abruption of transmission facilities and other lines of communication, sudden collapses of structures and roofs, increasing in number of transport accidents. Fires and explosions caused by heat may be more frequent in south regions. The area of agricultural accidents may be extending. Permafrost area comes to 63 percent in total area of Russia. Expected permafrost thawing may produce risk of roads, railways, and pipelines disruption, destruction of dangerous waste storages, and sudden collapse of buildings and other structures. The problem of relationships between natural hazards and technological disasters needs further investigation, especially from the point of view of climate change expected.

Mineral commodity profiles: Silver

USGS Publications Warehouse

Butterman, W.C.; Hilliard, Henry E.

2005-01-01

Overview -- Silver is one of the eight precious, or noble, metals; the others are gold and the six platinum-group metals (PGM). World mine production in 2001 was 18,700 metric tons (t) and came from mines in 60 countries; the 10 leading producing countries accounted for 86 percent of the total. The largest producer was Mexico, followed by Peru, Australia, and the United States. About 25 percent of the silver mined in the world in 2001 came from silver ores; 15 percent, from gold ores and the remaining 60 percent, from copper, lead, and zinc ores. In the United States, 14 percent of the silver mined in 2001 came from silver ores; 39 percent, from gold ores; 10 percent, from copper and copper-molybdenum ores; and 37 percent, from lead, zinc, and lead-zinc ores. The precious metal ores (gold and silver) came from 30 lode mines and 10 placer mines; the base-metal ores (copper, lead, molybdenum, and zinc) came from 24 lode mines. Placer mines yielded less than 1 percent of the national silver production. Silver was mined in 12 States, of which Nevada was by far the largest producer; it accounted for nearly one-third of the national total. The production of silver at domestic mines generated employment for about 1,100 mine and mill workers. The value of mined domestic silver was estimated to be $290 million. Of the nearly 27,000 t of world silver that was fabricated in 2001, about one-third went into jewelry and silverware, one-fourth into the light-sensitive compounds used in photography, and nearly all the remainder went for industrial uses, of which there were 7 substantial uses and many other small-volume uses. By comparison, 85 percent of the silver used in the United States went to photography and industrial uses, 8 percent to jewelry and silverware, and 7 percent to coins and medals. The United States was the largest consumer of silver followed by India, Japan, and Italy; the 13 largest consuming countries accounted for nearly 90 percent of the world total. In the United States, about 30 companies accounted for more than 90 percent of the silver fabricated. The consumption of silver for all fabrication uses is expected to grow slowly through the decade ending in 2010 at about 1.3 percent per year for the world and 2.4 percent per year for the United States. World and U.S. reserves and reserve bases are more than adequate to satisfy the demand for newly mined silver through 2010. The other components of supply will be silver recovered from scrap, silver from industrial stocks, and silver bullion that is sold into the market from commodity exchange and private stocks.

Sources of health insurance and characteristics of the uninsured: analysis of the March 2011 current population survey.

PubMed

Fronstin, Paul

2011-09-01

LATEST CENSUS DATA: This Issue Brief provides historical data through 2010 on the number and percentage of nonelderly individuals with and without health insurance. Based on EBRI estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau's March 2011 Current Population Survey (CPS), it reflects 2010 data. It also discusses trends in coverage for the 1994-2010 period and highlights characteristics that typically indicate whether an individual is insured. HEALTH COVERAGE RATE CONTINUES TO DECREASE, UNINSURED INCREASE: The percentage of the nonelderly population (under age 65) with health insurance coverage decreased to 81.5 percent in 2010. Increases in health insurance coverage have been recorded in only three years since 1994, when 36.5 million nonelderly individuals were uninsured. The percentage of nonelderly individuals without health insurance coverage was 18.5 percent in 2010, up from 18.3 percent in 2009, and its highest level during the 1994-2010 period. EMPLOYMENT-BASED COVERAGE REMAINS DOMINANT SOURCE OF HEALTH COVERAGE, BUT CONTINUES TO ERODE: Employment-based health benefits remain the most common form of health coverage in the United States. In 2010, 58.7 percent of the nonelderly population had employment-based health benefits, down from 69.3 percent in 2000. SHIFTING COMPOSITION OF EMPLOYMENT-BASED COVERAGE: Between 2007 and 2010, the percentage of individuals under age 65 with employment-based coverage in their own name has dropped. In 2007, 54.2 percent had coverage in their own name. By 2010, it was down to 51.5 percent. Dependent coverage during this time period fell slightly from 17.5 percent to 17.1 percent, and increased slightly from 16.8 percent to 17.1 percent between 2009 and 2010. PUBLIC PROGRAM COVERAGE IS GROWING: Public program health coverage expanded as a percentage of the population in 2010, accounting for 21.6 percent of the nonelderly population. Enrollment in Medicaid and the State Children's Health Insurance Program increased, reaching a combined 45 million in 2010, and covering 16.9 percent of the nonelderly population, significantly above the 10.2 percent level of 1999. INDIVIDUAL COVERAGE STABLE: Individually purchased health coverage was unchanged in 2010 and has basically hovered in the 6-7 percent range since 1994. WHAT TO EXPECT IN 2011: 2010 is the most recent year for data on sources of health coverage. Unemployment in 2011 has been about 9 percent since the beginning of the year. While down from the 2010 average of 9.6 percent, it remains high and there is a continued threat of a double-dip recession increasing it even further. As a result, the nation is likely to see continued erosion of employment-based health benefits when the data for 2011 are released in 2012. Fewer working individuals translates into fewer individuals with access to health benefits in the work place, especially after COBRA subsidies have been exhausted.

Dissolved pesticide concentrations entering the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta from the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers, California, 2012-13

USGS Publications Warehouse

Orlando, James L.; McWayne, Megan; Sanders, Corey; Hladik, Michelle

2014-01-01

Surface-water samples were collected from the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers where they enter the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta, and analyzed by the U.S. Geological Survey for a suite of 99 current-use pesticides and pesticide degradates. Samples were collected twice per month from May 2012 through July 2013 and from May 2012 through April 2013 at the Sacramento River at Freeport, and the San Joaquin River near Vernalis, respectively. Samples were analyzed by two separate laboratory methods by using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry or liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Method detection limits ranged from 0.9 to 10.5 nanograms per liter (ng/L). A total of 37 pesticides and degradates were detected in water samples collected during the study (18 herbicides, 11 fungicides, 7 insecticides, and 1 synergist). The most frequently detected pesticides overall were the herbicide hexazinone (detected in 100 percent of the samples); 3,4-dichloroaniline (97 percent), which is a degradate of the herbicides diuron and propanil; the fungicide azoxystrobin (83 percent); and the herbicides diuron (72 percent), simazine (66 percent), and metolachlor (64 percent). Insecticides were rarely detected during the study. Pesticide concentrations varied from below the method detection limits to 984 ng/L (hexazinone). Twenty seven pesticides and (or) degradates were detected in Sacramento River samples, and the average number of pesticides per sample was six. The most frequently detected compounds in these samples were hexazinone (detected in 100 percent of samples), 3,4-dichloroaniline (97 percent), azoxystrobin (88 percent), diuron (56 percent), and simazine (50 percent). Pesticides with the highest detected maximum concentrations in Sacramento River samples included the herbicide clomazone (670 ng/L), azoxystrobin (368 ng/L), 3,4-dichloroaniline (364 ng/L), hexazinone (130 ng/L), and propanil (110 ng/L), and all but hexazinone are primarily associated with rice agriculture. In addition to the twice monthly sampling, surface-water samples were collected from the Sacramento River on 5 consecutive days following a rainfall event in the Sacramento urban area. Samples collected following this event contained an average of 11 pesticides. The insecticides carbaryl, fipronil, and imidacloprid; the herbicide DCPA; and the fungicide imazalil were only detected in the Sacramento River during this storm-runoff event, and two detections of fipronil during this period exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Aquatic Life Benchmark (11 ng/L) for chronic toxicity to invertebrates in freshwater. In San Joaquin River samples, 26 pesticides and (or) degradates were detected, and the average number detected per sample was 9. The most frequently detected compounds in these samples were hexazinone and metolachlor (detected in 100 percent of samples); diuron (96 percent); the fungicide boscalid (96 percent); the degradates 3,4-dicloroaniline (92 percent) and NN-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-N’-methylurea (DCPMU; 83 percent); simazine (83 percent); and azoxystrobin (75 percent). The pesticides with the highest detected maximum concentrations were hexazinone (984 ng/L), diuron (695 ng/L), simazine (524 ng/L), the herbicide prometryn (155 ng/L), metolachlor (127 ng/L), boscalid (112 ng/L), DCPMU (111 ng/L), and the herbicide pendimethalin (108 ng/L).

Analysis of routine histological evaluation of tissues removed during primary hip and knee arthroplasty.

PubMed

Lawrence, T; Moskal, J T; Diduch, D R

1999-07-01

It has often been hospital policy to send all resected specimens obtained during a total hip or knee arthroplasty for histological evaluation. This practice is expensive and may be unnecessary. We sought to determine the ability of surgeons to diagnose primary joint conditions correctly, and we attempted to identify any possible risks to the patient resulting from the omission of routine histological evaluation of specimens at the surgeon's discretion. Our objective was to ascertain whether routine histological evaluation could be safely omitted from the protocol for primary hip and knee arthroplasty without compromising the care of the patient. A total of 1388 consecutive arthroplasties in 1136 patients were identified from a database of primary total hip and knee arthroplasties that was prospectively maintained by the senior one of us. Follow-up data obtained at a mean of 5.5 years (range, two to ten years) were available after 92 percent (1273) of the 1388 arthroplasties. The preoperative diagnosis was determined from the history, findings on clinical examination, and radiographs. The intraoperative diagnosis was determined by gross inspection of joint fluid, articular cartilage, synovial tissue, and the cut surfaces of resected specimens. The combination of the preoperative and intraoperative diagnoses was considered to be the surgeon's clinical diagnosis. All resected specimens were sent for routine histological evaluation, and a pathological diagnosis was made. Attention was given to whether a discrepancy between the surgeon's clinical diagnosis and the pathological diagnosis altered the management of the patient. The original diagnoses were updated with use of annual radiographs and clinical assessments. The cost of histological examination of specimens obtained at arthroplasty was determined by consultation with hospital administration, accounting, and pathology department personnel. A pathological fracture or an impending fracture was diagnosed preoperatively and confirmed intraoperatively during twelve of the 1388 arthroplasties. Histological analysis demonstrated malignancy in specimens obtained during eleven of these arthroplasties and evidence of a benign rheumatoid geode in the specimen obtained during the twelfth arthroplasty. The preoperative and intraoperative diagnoses made before and during the remaining 1376 arthroplasties were benign conditions, which were confirmed histologically in all patients. No diagnosis changed during the follow-up period. As demonstrated by a comparison with the histological diagnosis, the surgeon's clinical diagnosis of malignancy had a sensitivity of 100 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 74.0 to 100 percent), a specificity of 99.9 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 99.6 to 100 percent), a positive predictive value of 91.7 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 64.6 to 98.5 percent), and a negative predictive value of 100 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 99.7 to 100 percent). There was a discrepancy between the preoperative and intraoperative diagnoses associated with eleven arthroplasties. All eleven intraoperative diagnoses were correct, as confirmed histologically. Excluding the patients who had a pathological or impending fracture, the accuracy of the surgeon's preoperative diagnosis was 99.2 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 98.6 to 99.5 percent). When the intraoperative and preoperative diagnoses were combined, the accuracy was 100 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 99.7 to 100 percent). Histological evaluation at our hospital resulted in total charges, including hospital costs and professional fees, of $196.27 and a mean total reimbursement of $102.59 per evaluation. In our series of 1136 patients with 1388 arthroplasties, these costs could have been eliminated for all but the twelve patients who had a suspected malignant lesion and the one patient in whom pigmented villonodular synovitis was found. (ABSTRACT

Health Service Utilization in the Former Soviet Union: Evidence from Eight Countries

PubMed Central

Balabanova, Dina; McKee, Martin; Pomerleau, Joceline; Rose, Richard; Haerpfer, Christian

2004-01-01

Background In the past decade, the countries that emerged from the Soviet Union have experienced major changes in the inherited Soviet model of health care, which was centrally planned and provided universal, free access to basic care. The underlying principle of universality remains, but coexists with new funding and delivery systems and growing out-of-pocket payments. Objective To examine patterns and determinants of health care utilization, the extent of payment for health care, and the settings in which care is obtained in Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, and Ukraine. Methods Data were derived from cross-sectional surveys, representative of adults aged 18 and over in each country, conducted in 2001. Multistage random sample of 18,428 individuals, stratified by region and area, was obtained. Instrument contained extensive data on demographic, economic, and social characteristics, administered face-to-face. The analysis explored the health seeking behavior of users and nonusers (those reporting an episode of illness but not consulting). Results In the preceding year, over half of all respondents visited a medical professional, ranging from 65.7 percent in Belarus to 24.4 percent in Georgia, mostly at local primary care facilities. Of those reporting an illness, 20.7 percent of all did not consult although they felt they should have done so, varying from 9.4 percent in Belarus to 42.4 percent in Armenia and 49 percent in Georgia. The main reason for not seeking care was lack of money to pay for treatment (45.2 percent), self-treatment with home-produced remedies (32.9 percent), and purchase of nonprescribed medicine (21.8 percent). There are marked differences between countries; unaffordability was a particularly common factor in Armenia, Georgia, and Moldova (78 percent, 70 percent, 54 percent), and much lower in Belarus and Russia. In Georgia and Armenia, 65 percent and 56 percent of those who had consulted paid out-of-pocket, in the form of money, gifts, or both; these figures were 8 percent and 19 percent in Belarus and Russia respectively and 31.2 percent overall. The probability of not consulting a health professional when seriously ill was significantly higher among those over age 65, and with lower education. Use of health care was markedly lower among those with fewer household assets or a shortage of money, and those dissatisfied with their material resources, factors that explained some of the effects of age. A lack of social support (formal and informal) decreases further the probability of not consulting, adding to the consequences of poor financial status. The probability of seeking care for common conditions varies widely among countries (persistent fever: 56 percent in Belarus; 16 percent in Armenia) and home remedies, alcohol, and direct purchase of pharmaceuticals are commonly used. Informal coping strategies, such as use of connections (36.7 percent) or offering money to health professionals (28.5 percent) are seen as acceptable. Conclusions This article provides the first comparative assessment of inequalities in access to health care in multiple countries of the former Soviet Union, using rigorous methodology. The emerging model across the region is extremely diverse. Some countries (Belarus, Russia) have managed to maintain access for most people, while in others the situation is near collapse (Armenia, Georgia). Access is most problematic in health systems characterized by high levels of payment for care and a breakdown of gate-keeping, although these are seen in countries facing major problems such as economic collapse and, in some, a legacy of civil war. There are substantial inequalities within each country and even where access remains adequate there are concerns about its sustainability. PMID:15544638

7 CFR 1416.302 - Eligible crops and producers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... determine payment rates are as follows: Tier I—75 percent or greater crop loss and associated tree damage. Tier II—50 to 74 percent crop loss and associated tree damage/loss. Tier III—35 to 49 percent crop loss and associated tree damage/loss. Tier IV —15 percent and greater associated tree damage only. (2...

26 CFR 301.6226(b)-1 - 5-percent group.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 18 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false 5-percent group. 301.6226(b)-1 Section 301.6226... ADMINISTRATION PROCEDURE AND ADMINISTRATION Assessment In General § 301.6226(b)-1 5-percent group. (a) In general. All members of a 5-percent group shall join in filing any petition for judicial review. The...

26 CFR 301.6226(b)-1 - 5-percent group.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 18 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false 5-percent group. 301.6226(b)-1 Section 301.6226... ADMINISTRATION PROCEDURE AND ADMINISTRATION Assessment In General § 301.6226(b)-1 5-percent group. (a) In general. All members of a 5-percent group shall join in filing any petition for judicial review. The...

26 CFR 301.6226(b)-1 - 5-percent group.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 18 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false 5-percent group. 301.6226(b)-1 Section 301.6226... ADMINISTRATION PROCEDURE AND ADMINISTRATION Assessment In General § 301.6226(b)-1 5-percent group. (a) In general. All members of a 5-percent group shall join in filing any petition for judicial review. The...

Minnesota's Forests 2008

Treesearch

Patrick D. Miles; David Heinzen; Manfred E. Mielke; Christopher W. Woodall; Brett J. Butler; Ron J. Piva; Dacia M. Meneguzzo; Charles H. Perry; Dale D. Gormanson; Charles J. Barnett

2011-01-01

The second full annual inventory of Minnesota's forests reports 17 million acres of forest land with an average volume of more than 1,000 cubic feet per acre. Forest land is dominated by the aspen forest type, which occupies nearly 30 percent of the total forest land area. Twenty-eight percent of forest land consists of sawtimber, 35 percent poletimber, 35 percent...

Proper Cultivation Needed for Good Survival and Growth of Planted Cottonwood

Treesearch

H. E. Kennedy

1975-01-01

Survival and growth were significantly better when cuttings were not covered or broken during early cultivation. Survival with good cultivation was 90 percent; with poor cultivation, survival ranged from 20 to 60 percent. Undisturbed cuttings grew 30 to 35 percent better than those covered before sprouting and almost 100 percent better than covered cuttings with broken...

The timber industries of Kentucky

Treesearch

James T. Bones; Chauncey J. Lohr

1977-01-01

The 1974 timber-industry survey in Kentucky showed that, since 1969: Total timber output has increased 1 percent to 98.1 million cubic feet. Sawlog production has declined less than ½ percent to 489 million board feet. Pulpwood production has increased 69 percent to 133 thousand cords. Veneer-log production has declined 10 percent to 6.3 million board feet....

49 CFR 173.182 - Barium azide-50 percent or more water wet.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Barium azide-50 percent or more water wet. 173.182 Section 173.182 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS... Class 1 and Class 7 § 173.182 Barium azide—50 percent or more water wet. Barium azide—50 percent or more...

Economic Indicators of the Farm Sector. Farm Sector Review, 1985.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Economic Research Service (USDA), Washington, DC.

Farm production rose 6 percent in 1985 due to record high yields in corn, soybeans, cotton, and several other crops. While United States consumption increased slightly, exports of farm products fell 23 percent in value and 19 percent in volume. Net cash income increased 12 percent due to increased output, lower cash expenses, and unusually high…

26 CFR 1.444-2T - Tiered structure (temporary).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... calendar year individuals, it is owned 86 percent by individuals and 4 percent by D2, a calendar year... percent owned by calendar year individuals, and 4 percent owned by D2, a calendar year partnership. Under paragraph (e)(5)(ii) of this section, D2's ownership interest in D is considered de minimis for purposes of...

Illinois' Forests 2005

Treesearch

Susan J. Crocker; Gary J. Brand; Brett J. Butler; David E. Haugen; Dick C. Little; Dacia M. Meneguzzo; Charles H. Perry; Ronald J. Piva; Barry T. Wilson; Christopher W. Woodall

2009-01-01

The first full, annualized inventory of Illinois' forests reports more than 4.5 million acres of forest land with an average of 459 trees per acre. Forest land is dominated by oak/hickory forest types, which occupy 65 percent of total forest land area. Seventy-two percent of forest land consists of sawtimber, 20 percent contains poletimber, and 8 percent contains...

The Teaching of Modern Languages to Migrant Workers. (Turkey), 1973.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Council of Europe, Strasbourg (France). Documentation Center for Education in Europe.

The number of migrant workers Turkey has sent to foreign countries has now reached approximately 1 million. Educational level of these workers is: 67 percent - primary school education; 24 percent - secondary school education; and 9 percent - high school education. However, 98 percent of these workers do not know the language of the country to…

Kansas' Forests 2010

Treesearch

W. Keith Moser; Mark H. Hansen; Robert L. Atchison; Brett J. Butler; Susan J. Crocker; Grant Domke; Cassandra M. Kurtz; Andrew Lister; Patrick D. Miles; Mark D. Nelson; Ronald J. Piva; Christopher W. Woodall

2013-01-01

The second completed annual inventory of Kansas' forests reports 2.4 million acres of forest land, roughly 5 percent of the total land area in the State. Softwood forests account for 4.4 percent of the total timberland area. Oak/hickory forest types make up 55 percent of the total hardwood forest land area. Elm/ash/cottonwood accounts for more than 32 percent of...

Credit Card Attitudes and Behaviors of College Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Joo, S.-H.; Grable, J. E.; Bagwell, D. C.

2005-01-01

At a southwestern public university, 242 students responded to a questionnaire about their credit-card use and attitudes. The results revealed that about 70 percent of the students held one or more credit cards, and about 10 percent had five or more credit cards. Twenty-two percent never kept copies of their charge slips, and only 49 percent paid…

40 CFR 60.542 - Standards for volatile organic compounds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... atmosphere no more than 25 percent of the VOC used (75 percent emission reduction) for each month; or (ii...) Discharge into the atmosphere no more than 25 percent of the VOC used (75 percent emission reduction) for... cementing operation: Discharge into the atmosphere no more than 10 grams (0.022 lb) of VOC per tire cemented...

40 CFR 60.542 - Standards for volatile organic compounds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... atmosphere no more than 25 percent of the VOC used (75 percent emission reduction) for each month; or (ii...) Discharge into the atmosphere no more than 25 percent of the VOC used (75 percent emission reduction) for... cementing operation: Discharge into the atmosphere no more than 10 grams (0.022 lb) of VOC per tire cemented...

40 CFR 60.542 - Standards for volatile organic compounds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... atmosphere no more than 25 percent of the VOC used (75 percent emission reduction) for each month; or (ii...) Discharge into the atmosphere no more than 25 percent of the VOC used (75 percent emission reduction) for... cementing operation: Discharge into the atmosphere no more than 10 grams (0.022 lb) of VOC per tire cemented...

26 CFR 301.6226(b)-1 - 5-percent group.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 18 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false 5-percent group. 301.6226(b)-1 Section 301.6226... ADMINISTRATION PROCEDURE AND ADMINISTRATION Assessment In General § 301.6226(b)-1 5-percent group. (a) In general. All members of a 5-percent group shall join in filing any petition for judicial review. The...

Nevada Kids Count Data Book, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

We Can, Inc., Las Vegas, NV.

This Kids Count data book is the first to examine statewide indicators of the well being of Nevada's children. The statistical portrait is based on 15 indicators of child well being: (1) percent low birth-weight babies; (2) infant mortality rate; (3) percent of children in poverty; (4) percent of children in single-parent families; (5) percent of…

50 CFR 660.323 - Pacific whiting allocations, allocation attainment, and inseason allocation reapportionment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... whiting is allocated among three sectors, as follows:34 percent for the catcher/processor sector; 24 percent for the mothership sector; and 42 percent for the shore-based sector. No more than 5 percent of... primary whiting season north of 42° N. lat.Specific sector allocations for a given calendar year are found...

Minnesota Forests 2013

Treesearch

Patrick D. Miles; Curtis L. VanderSchaaf; Charles Barnett; Brett J. Butler; Susan J. Crocker; Dale D. Gormanson; Cassandra M. Kurtz; Tonya W. Lister; William H. McWilliams; Randall S. Morin; Mark D. Nelson; Charles H. (Hobie) Perry; Rachel I. Riemann; James E. Smith; Brian F. Walters; Jim Westfall; Christopher W. Woodall

2016-01-01

The third full annual inventory of Minnesota forests reports 17.4 million acres of forest land with an average live tree volume of 1,096 cubic feet per acre. Forest land is dominated by the aspen forest type, which occupies 29 percent of the total forest land area. Twenty-eight percent of forest land consists of sawtimber, 35 percent poletimber, 36 percent sapling/...

Rural Alberta Home-Based Businesses: A Profile of Workshop Participants.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Capjack, M. Linda; Fetterman, Nelma I.

1992-01-01

Of 252 rural Alberta attendees of home-based business workshops, 60 were in business. Of these, 65 percent produced sewing, textile, or food-related products; 73 percent contributed less than 5 percent of family income; 72 percent worked at home because a hobby became profitable; and the majority were married women over 40. (SK)

Romania Is Oscillating Between Centralism and Autonomy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reisz, Robert D.

2006-01-01

According to the 2002 government census, Romania has 21.7 million inhabitants: 89.5 percent are Romanian, 6.6 percent Hungarian, 2.5 percent Roma, and 0.3 percent German and Ukrainian. It is noteworthy that Romania was the only Eastern European country that in 1989 experienced a violent change of regime. The ensuing years brought an economic and…

40 CFR 63.786 - Test methods and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... level of sample dilution must be factored in. (2) Repeatability. First, at the 0.1-5 percent analyte... percent analyte range the results would be suspect if duplicates vary by more than 5 percent relative and...) Reproducibility. First, at the 0.1-5 percent analyte range the results would be suspect if lab to lab variation...

40 CFR 63.786 - Test methods and procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... level of sample dilution must be factored in. (2) Repeatability. First, at the 0.1-5 percent analyte... percent analyte range the results would be suspect if duplicates vary by more than 5 percent relative and...) Reproducibility. First, at the 0.1-5 percent analyte range the results would be suspect if lab to lab variation...

31 CFR 363.148 - Can I redeem all or a portion of my accumulated payroll zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... accumulated payroll zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? 363.148 Section 363.148 Money and Finance... BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Payroll Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.148 Can I redeem all or a...

31 CFR 363.148 - Can I redeem all or a portion of my accumulated payroll zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... accumulated payroll zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? 363.148 Section 363.148 Money and Finance... BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Payroll Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.148 Can I redeem all or a...

31 CFR 363.132 - Can the sale of the zero-percent certificate of indebtedness be suspended?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Can the sale of the zero-percent... DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.132 Can the sale of the zero-percent certificate of indebtedness be suspended? The Secretary...

31 CFR 363.147 - How do I purchase a payroll zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false How do I purchase a payroll zero... SERVICE REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Payroll Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.147 How do I purchase a payroll zero-percent...

31 CFR 363.132 - Can the sale of the zero-percent certificate of indebtedness be suspended?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Can the sale of the zero-percent... SERVICE REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.132 Can the sale of the zero-percent certificate of indebtedness be suspended? The Secretary...

31 CFR 363.140 - May a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness be pledged or used as collateral?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false May a zero-percent certificate of... SERVICE REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.140 May a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness be pledged or used as collateral? A zero...

31 CFR 363.132 - Can the sale of the zero-percent certificate of indebtedness be suspended?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Can the sale of the zero-percent... DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.132 Can the sale of the zero-percent certificate of indebtedness be suspended? The Secretary...

31 CFR 363.147 - How do I purchase a payroll zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false How do I purchase a payroll zero... DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Payroll Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.147 How do I purchase a payroll zero-percent...

31 CFR 363.147 - How do I purchase a payroll zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false How do I purchase a payroll zero... DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Payroll Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.147 How do I purchase a payroll zero-percent...

31 CFR 363.140 - May a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness be pledged or used as collateral?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false May a zero-percent certificate of... DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.140 May a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness be pledged or used as collateral? A zero...

31 CFR 363.140 - May a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness be pledged or used as collateral?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false May a zero-percent certificate of... DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.140 May a zero-percent certificate of indebtedness be pledged or used as collateral? A zero...

31 CFR 363.139 - May I transfer or deliver my zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false May I transfer or deliver my zero... DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.139 May I transfer or deliver my zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? A zero-percent...

31 CFR 363.139 - May I transfer or deliver my zero-percent certificate of indebtedness?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false May I transfer or deliver my zero... SERVICE REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness General § 363.139 May I transfer or deliver my zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? A zero-percent...

31 CFR 363.143 - How do I purchase a security using the redemption proceeds of my zero-percent certificate of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... redemption proceeds of my zero-percent certificate of indebtedness? 363.143 Section 363.143 Money and Finance... BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness Zero-Percent Certificate of Indebtedness § 363.143 How do I purchase a security...