Protective effects of beef decoction rich in carnosine on cerebral ischemia injury by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats

PubMed Central

Wang, Ai-Hong; Ma, Qian; Wang, Xin; Xu, Gui-Hua

2018-01-01

Inflammation has a role in the cerebral injury induced by ischemia and the present study aimed to determine the mechanism of the protective effect of beef decoction (BD) with carnosine against it. A rat model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion was established using a suture method in the vehicle and each of the BD groups. In experiment 1, 72 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham, vehicle and BD-treated group. Rats in the BD group were given 600 mg/kg BD by oral gavage for 1, 3 and 7 days. The sham and vehicle group rats received an equivalent amount of normal saline. In experiment 2, 60 SD rats were randomly divided into six groups: Sham-operated I, sham-operated II, vehicle, low-dose BD, medium-dose BD and high-dose BD group. Rats in the low-, medium- and high-dose BD groups were given BD at the dose of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg, respectively, by oral gavage for 7 days. Rats in the sham-operated II group were given 600 mg/kg BD. Rats in the sham-operated I group and vehicle group were given the same volume of normal saline by oral gavage. The body weight, neurological deficits and infarct volume were recorded at 1, 3 and 7 days after the operation. Furthermore, the effect of different doses of BD on interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) levels in peripheral blood was measured at 7 days. BD-treated rats showed less neurological deficits and a smaller infarct volume at 7 days. BD at 400 and 600 mg/kg significantly decreased the infarct volume in rats. At 600 mg/kg BD, a decline in IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and an increase in IL-4 expression was observed in the BD groups, while no difference in body weight and neurological dysfunction was detected. In conclusion, BD is a neuroprotective agent that may be used as a supplement treatment of ischemic stroke. PMID:29399121

Protective effects of beef decoction rich in carnosine on cerebral ischemia injury by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.

PubMed

Wang, Ai-Hong; Ma, Qian; Wang, Xin; Xu, Gui-Hua

2018-02-01

Inflammation has a role in the cerebral injury induced by ischemia and the present study aimed to determine the mechanism of the protective effect of beef decoction (BD) with carnosine against it. A rat model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion was established using a suture method in the vehicle and each of the BD groups. In experiment 1, 72 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham, vehicle and BD-treated group. Rats in the BD group were given 600 mg/kg BD by oral gavage for 1, 3 and 7 days. The sham and vehicle group rats received an equivalent amount of normal saline. In experiment 2, 60 SD rats were randomly divided into six groups: Sham-operated I, sham-operated II, vehicle, low-dose BD, medium-dose BD and high-dose BD group. Rats in the low-, medium- and high-dose BD groups were given BD at the dose of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg, respectively, by oral gavage for 7 days. Rats in the sham-operated II group were given 600 mg/kg BD. Rats in the sham-operated I group and vehicle group were given the same volume of normal saline by oral gavage. The body weight, neurological deficits and infarct volume were recorded at 1, 3 and 7 days after the operation. Furthermore, the effect of different doses of BD on interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) levels in peripheral blood was measured at 7 days. BD-treated rats showed less neurological deficits and a smaller infarct volume at 7 days. BD at 400 and 600 mg/kg significantly decreased the infarct volume in rats. At 600 mg/kg BD, a decline in IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ and an increase in IL-4 expression was observed in the BD groups, while no difference in body weight and neurological dysfunction was detected. In conclusion, BD is a neuroprotective agent that may be used as a supplement treatment of ischemic stroke.

Population characteristics of a recovering US Virgin Islands red hind spawning aggregation following protection

PubMed Central

Nemeth, Richard S.

2006-01-01

Many species of groupers form spawning aggregations, dramatic events where 100s to 1000s of individuals gather annually at specific locations for reproduction. Spawning aggregations are often targeted by local fishermen, making them extremely vulnerable to over fishing. The Red Hind Bank Marine Conservation District located in St. Thomas, United States Virgin Islands, was closed seasonally in 1990 and closed permanently in 1999 to protect an important red hind Epinephelus guttatus spawning site. This study provides some of the first information on the population response of a spawning aggregation located within a marine protected area. Tag-and-release fishing and fish transects were used to evaluate population characteristics and habitat utilization patterns of a red hind spawning aggregation between 1999 and 2004. Compared with studies conducted before the permanent closure, the average size of red hind increased mostly during the seasonal closure period (10 cm over 12 yr), but the maximum total length of male red hind increased by nearly 7 cm following permanent closure. Average density and biomass of spawning red hind increased by over 60% following permanent closure whereas maximum spawning density more than doubled. Information from tag returns indicated that red hind departed the protected area following spawning and migrated 6 to 33 km to a ca. 500 km2 area. Protection of the spawning aggregation site may have also contributed to an overall increase in the size of red hind caught in the commercial fishery, thus increasing the value of the grouper fishery for local fishermen. PMID:16612415

Are bryophytes useful indicators of hydrologic permanence in forested headwater streams?

EPA Science Inventory

Court cases have recently questioned whether all headwater streams, particularly non-perennial streams, should be protected in the U.S. under the Clean Water Act. Rapid field-based indicators of hydrologic permanence are needed for jurisdictional determinations. The study objecti...

40 CFR 52.2589 - Wisconsin construction permit permanency revision.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Wisconsin construction permit... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS (CONTINUED) Wisconsin § 52.2589 Wisconsin construction permit permanency revision. This plan was originally submitted as Wis...

40 CFR 52.2589 - Wisconsin construction permit permanency revision.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 5 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Wisconsin construction permit... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS (CONTINUED) Wisconsin § 52.2589 Wisconsin construction permit permanency revision. This plan was originally submitted as Wis...

40 CFR 52.2589 - Wisconsin construction permit permanency revision.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 5 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Wisconsin construction permit... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS (CONTINUED) Wisconsin § 52.2589 Wisconsin construction permit permanency revision. This plan was originally submitted as Wis...

40 CFR 52.2589 - Wisconsin construction permit permanency revision.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 5 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Wisconsin construction permit... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS (CONTINUED) Wisconsin § 52.2589 Wisconsin construction permit permanency revision. This plan was originally submitted as Wis...

40 CFR 52.2589 - Wisconsin construction permit permanency revision.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 4 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Wisconsin construction permit... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS (CONTINUED) Wisconsin § 52.2589 Wisconsin construction permit permanency revision. This plan was originally submitted as Wis...

Statins Improve Long Term Patency of Arteriovenous Fistula for Hemodialysis

PubMed Central

Chang, Hao-Hsiang; Chang, Yu-Kang; Lu, Chia-Wen; Huang, Chi-Ting; Chien, Chiang-Ting; Hung, Kuan-Yu; Huang, Kuo-Chin; Hsu, Chih-Cheng

2016-01-01

The protective effects of statins against stenosis for permanent hemodialysis access have been repeatedly demonstrated in animal studies, but remain controversial in human studies. This study aims to evaluate the association between statin use and permanent hemodialysis access patency using a nationwide hemodialysis cohort. A total of 9862 pairs of statin users and non-users, matched by age and gender, were selected for investigation from 75404 new hemodialysis patients during 2000–2008. The effect of statins on permanent hemodialysis access patency was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models. Compared with non-users, statin users had an overall 18% risk reduction in the composite endpoint in which angioplasty and recreation were combined (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.82 [95%CI, 0.78–0.87]) and 21% in recreation of permanent hemodialysis access (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.79 [95%CI, 0.69–0.80]). Specifically, the protective effect was found for arteriovenous fistula (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.78[95% CI, 0.73–0.82] for composite endpoint and 0.74 [95% CI, 0.69–0.80] for vascular recreation), but not for arteriovenous grafts (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.10 [95% CI, 0.98–1.24] and 0.94 [95% CI, 0.83–1.07]). Statins possess a protective effect for arteriovenous fistula against the recreation of permanent hemodialysis access. The results provide a pharmaco-epidemiologic link between basic research and clinical evidence. PMID:26902330

Ecological baseline studies in Los Alamos and Guaje Canyons County of Los Alamos, New Mexico. A two-year study

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Foxx, T.S.

1995-11-01

During the summers of 1993 and 1994, the Biological Resource Evaluations Team (BRET) of the Environmental Protection Group (ESH-8) conducted baseline studies within two canyon systems, Los Alamos and Guaje Canyons. Biological data was collected within each canyon to provide background and baseline information for Ecological Risk models. Baseline studies included establishment of permanent vegetation plots within each canyon along the elevational gradient. Then, in association with the various vegetation types, surveys were conducted for ground dwelling insects, birds, and small mammals. The stream channels associated with the permanent vegetation plots were characterized and aquatic macroinvertebrates collected within the streammore » monthly throughout a six-month period. The Geographic Position System (GPS) in combination with ARC INFO was used to map the study areas. Considerable data was collected during these surveys and are summarized in individual chapters.« less

29 CFR 1926.1423 - Fall protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 8 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Fall protection. 1926.1423 Section 1926.1423 Labor... Fall protection. (a) Application. (1) Paragraphs (b), (c)(3), (e) and (f) of this section apply to all... must be at least 12 inches wide. (ii) Guardrails, railings and other permanent fall protection...

29 CFR 1926.1423 - Fall protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 8 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Fall protection. 1926.1423 Section 1926.1423 Labor... Fall protection. (a) Application. (1) Paragraphs (b), (c)(3), (e) and (f) of this section apply to all... must be at least 12 inches wide. (ii) Guardrails, railings and other permanent fall protection...

29 CFR 1926.1423 - Fall protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 8 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Fall protection. 1926.1423 Section 1926.1423 Labor... Fall protection. (a) Application. (1) Paragraphs (b), (c)(3), (e) and (f) of this section apply to all... must be at least 12 inches wide. (ii) Guardrails, railings and other permanent fall protection...

29 CFR 1926.1423 - Fall protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 8 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Fall protection. 1926.1423 Section 1926.1423 Labor... Fall protection. (a) Application. (1) Paragraphs (b), (c)(3), (e) and (f) of this section apply to all... must be at least 12 inches wide. (ii) Guardrails, railings and other permanent fall protection...

Incidence of permanent hypocalcaemia after total thyroidectomy with or without central neck dissection for thyroid carcinoma: a nationwide claim study.

PubMed

Seo, Gi Hyeon; Chai, Young Jun; Choi, Hyung Jin; Lee, Kyu Eun

2016-09-01

Permanent hypocalcaemia is the most common and serious complication after total thyroidectomy (TT). This study examined the impact of central neck dissection (CND) and institutional volume on rates of permanent hypocalcaemia by analysing data held in the nationwide claim database of South Korea. Data from patients who underwent TT due to thyroid carcinoma from 2007-2013 were obtained from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database. Of these, patients prescribed more than 1000 mg of elemental calcium for more than 288 days during the first 360 days postsurgery were defined as having permanent hypocalcaemia. In total, 192 333 patients (32 988 male and 159 345 female) were eligible for analysis. Of these, 52 707 (27·4%) underwent TT alone and 139 626 (72·6%) underwent TT plus CND. The incidence of permanent hypocalcaemia was greater in the TT plus CND group than in the TT alone group (5·4% vs 4·6%, P < 0·001). The age- and sex-adjusted risk for permanent hypocalcaemia in the TT plus CND group was 1·20 (P < 0·001). CND did not raise the rates of permanent hypocalcaemia in institutes with a low volume of annual cases (<200), whereas permanent hypocalcaemia was more common in the TT plus CND group than in the TT alone group (3·5% vs 2·9%, P = 0·002) in institutes with a large volume of annual cases (≥800). TT plus CND was associated with a greater risk of permanent hypocalcaemia than TT alone. Surgeons should consider the risk of permanent hypocalcaemia when deciding whether to perform CND. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Cell culture protection and in vivo neuroprotective capacity of flavonoids.

PubMed

Dajas, Federico; Rivera, Felicia; Blasina, Fernanda; Arredondo, Florencia; Echeverry, Carolina; Lafon, Laura; Morquio, Andrea; Heinzen, Horacio; Heizen, Horacio

2003-01-01

Flavonoids are an important group of recognized antioxidants ubiquitous in fruits, vegetables and herbs. There are epidemiological evidences for the stroke-protecting capacity of flavonoids and while the neuroprotective power of complex extracts rich in flavonoids like those of Ginkgo biloba, green tea or lyophilized red wine have been demonstrated in several studies, neuroprotection by individual flavonoids has been poorly studied in vivo. The neuroprotective capacity of individual flavonoids was studied in PC12 cells in culture and in a model of permanent focal ischemia (permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion - pMCAO). In the in vivo experiments, flavonoids were administered in lecithin preparations to facilitate the crossing of the blood brain barrier. The simultaneous incubation of PC12 cells with 200 micro M hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and different flavonoids for 30 min resulted in a conspicuous profile: quercetin, fisetin, luteolin and myricetin significantly increased cell survival while catechin, kaempherol and taxifolin did not. Quercetin was detected in brain tissue 30 min and 1 h after intraperitoneal administration. When one of the protective flavonoids (quercetin) and one of those that failed to increase PC12 cell survival (catechin) were assessed for their protective capacity in the pMCAO model, administered i.p. 30 min after vessel occlusion, quercetin significantly decreased the brain ischemic lesion while catechin did not. It is concluded that when administered in liposomal preparations, flavonoids structurally related to quercetin could become leads for the development of a new generation of molecules to be clinically effective in human brain ischemia.

Similar cerebral protective effectiveness of antegrade and retrograde cerebral perfusion combined with deep hypothermia circulatory arrest in aortic arch surgery: a meta-analysis and systematic review of 5060 patients.

PubMed

Hu, Zhipeng; Wang, Zhiwei; Ren, Zongli; Wu, Hongbing; Zhang, Min; Zhang, Hao; Hu, Xiaoping

2014-08-01

Our objective was to determine if antegrade cerebral perfusion (ACP) and retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP) combined with deep hypothermia circulatory arrest in aortic arch surgery results in different mortality and neurologic outcomes. The Cochrane Library, Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and the Chinese Biomedical Database were searched for studies reporting on postoperative strokes, permanent neurologic dysfunction, temporary neurologic dysfunction, and all causes mortality within 30 days postoperation in aortic arch surgery. Meta-analysis for effect size, t test, and I(2) for detecting heterogeneity and sensitivity analysis for assessing the relative influence of each study was performed. Fifteen included studies encompassed a total of 5060 patients of whom 2855 were treated with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest plus ACP and 1897 were treated with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest plus RCP. Pooled analysis showed no significant statistical difference (P > .01) of 30-day mortality, permanent neurologic dysfunction, and transient neurologic dysfunction in the 2 groups. Before sensitivity analysis, postoperative stroke incidence in the ACP group was higher than in the RCP group (7.2% vs 4.7%; P < .01). After a study that included a different percentage of patients with a history of central neurologic events in the 2 groups was ruled out, postoperative stroke incidence in the 2 groups also showed no significant statistical difference (P > .01). ACP and RCP provide similar cerebral protective effectiveness combined with deep hypothermia circulatory arrest and could be selected according to the actual condition in aortic arch surgery. A high-quality randomized controlled trial is urgently needed to confirm this conclusion, especially for stroke morbidity following ACP or RCP. Copyright © 2014 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Fourteenth Space Simulation Conference: Testing for a Permanent Presence in Space

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stecher, Joseph L., III (Editor)

1986-01-01

The Institute of Environmental Sciences Fourteenth Space Simulation Conference, Testing for a Permanent Presence in Space, provided participants a forum to acquire and exchange information on the state-of-the-art in space simulation, test technology, thermal simulation, and protection, contamination, and techniques of test measurements.

40 CFR 60.2855 - What must I do if I plan to permanently close my air curtain incinerator and not restart it?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY... Units Model Rule-Air Curtain Incinerators § 60.2855 What must I do if I plan to permanently close my air...

10 CFR 63.111 - Performance objectives for the geologic repository operations area through permanent closure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Performance objectives for the geologic repository... (CONTINUED) DISPOSAL OF HIGH-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTES IN A GEOLOGIC REPOSITORY AT YUCCA MOUNTAIN, NEVADA... repository operations area through permanent closure. (a) Protection against radiation exposures and releases...

77 FR 61721 - Atlantic Ocean off Wallops Island and Chincoteague Inlet, VA; Danger Zone

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-11

... classes of orbital rockets. This amendment increases the permanent danger zone to a 30 nautical mile sector and is necessary to protect the public from hazards associated with rocket-launching operations... danger zone to accommodate larger classes of orbital rockets. This amendment increases the permanent...

25 CFR 20.402 - When are protective services provided?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... AND SOCIAL SERVICES PROGRAMS Services to Children, Elderly, and Families § 20.402 When are protective services provided? Protective services are provided when children or adults: (a) Are deprived temporarily or permanently of needed supervision by responsible adults; (b) Are neglected, abused or exploited...

Placement Stability, Cumulative Time in Care, and Permanency: Using Administrative Data from CPS to Track Placement Trajectories

PubMed Central

Hélie, Sonia; Poirier, Marie-Andrée; Esposito, Tonino; Turcotte, Daniel

2017-01-01

Objectives: The Quebec Youth Protection Act was amended in 2007. The main goal of this reform was to improve placement stability for children who are removed from their home for their protection. Among several legal provisions introduced was the establishment of maximum age-specific durations of out-of-home care, after which a plan must be established to provide stability for children placed in substitute care by finding permanent homes for them. The purpose of this study is (1) to examine trends in placement use and placement stability since the reform and (2) to document the current frequency of each type of placement setting, the cumulative time in care before the exit to permanency, and the sustainability of the permanency outcome. Methods: The study relies on 3 entry cohorts of all children investigated who received protection measures in the province of Quebec during 3 specific time frames before and after the reform (n = 9620, 8676, 8425). Cohorts were observed for a period varying from 3 to 4 years. Administrative data from all 16 child protection agencies were used to track placement trajectory indicators and to compare cohorts. Results: There has been a decrease in the proportion of children receiving protection measures who were placed in care since the reform, and placement in kinship care has become more frequent among children placed. Placement stability improved slightly after the reform. Overall, for infants, the most frequent type of permanency attained is adoption, while reunification is the option most often indicated for older children. Some children are at a greater risk of experiencing unstable placement trajectories: young children have a high rate of reunification breakdown, some wait a long time to be adopted, and adolescents are frequently removed from the substitute care setting where they were supposed to stay until the age of 18. Conclusions: The results suggest interesting avenues for policy makers and service providers to improve the stability of placement trajectories. Advantages and disadvantages of administrative data are discussed. PMID:29149070

In Vivo Effect of Calcium Hydroxide and Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cement on Carious Dentin in Young Permanent Molars: An Ultrastructural and Macroscopic Study.

PubMed

Opal, Shireen; Garg, Shalini; Sharma, Deepak; Dhindsa, Abhishek; Jatana, Isha

2017-01-15

The purpose of this study was to evaluate macroscopically and ultrastructurally the effect of calcium hydroxide cement (CH) and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) compared with gutta percha (control) as a lining material on carious dentin after partial caries removal and sealing. Twenty-seven permanent molars with deep carious lesions underwent partial caries removal with the application of CH, RMGIC, or gutta percha (control) and were then sealed for three months. After a partial caries removal and sealing period, the dentin was macroscopically assessed (for color, consistency, and humidity) and further analyzed by scanning electron microscope to assess the ultrastructural changes in dentin (lumen size, mineralization of tubules, occlusion of tubules by cements, and bacterial ingress). The effect of treatment in each group was statistically analyzed. Dentin darkening and hardening were observed after the sealing period in all groups. However, there was no difference in the color after treatment among the three groups. It was observed that RMGIC showed a significant reduction in the size of the lumen compared to CH and the control. Partial caries removal and sealing resulted in dentin hardening, darkening, and dentin remineralization, irrespective of the dentin protection used.

A histological and immunohistochemical study of the effects of N-acetyl cysteine on retinopathy of prematurity by modifying insulin-like growth factor-1.

PubMed

El-Hadidy, A R; El-Mohandes, E M; Asker, S A; Ghonaim, F M

2016-08-01

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative disorder that occurs in premature infants and may lead to permanent visual impairment. We investigated both the possible protective role of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) for preventing ROP and the role of IGF-1 in the disorder. Forty-five newborn rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 was raised in room air as controls. Group 2 was exposed to 60% oxygen for 14 days after birth, then transferred to room air. Group 3 was exposed to the same conditions as group 2, but received intraperitoneal injections of NAC on postnatal days 7-17. After 35 days, both eyes of all rats were processed for histology. Some sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin to assess structural changes and other sections were immunostained to determine the location of IGF-1. Frozen sections also were prepared and stained for adenosine triphosphatase to detect retinal blood vessels. Compared to the controls, more blood vessels, many of which were abnormal, and increased IGF-1 expression were observed in group 2. In group 3, abnormal blood vessels and IGF-1 expression were less evident. NAC appeared to be an effective vascular-protective agent for ROP by decreasing IGF-1 expression.

Permanent Base Groups in Broadcast Journalism Instruction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boldoc, William J.

An instructor increases student performance, participation, and motivation in broadcast journalism and other media courses through the base group cooperative learning model. Base groups are a specific form of cooperative learning which enables students to become actively involved in small-group discussions and learning with a permanent group of…

Prolonged effect of a mother-child caries preventive program on dental caries in the permanent 1st molars in 9 to 10-year-old children.

PubMed

Gomez, Santiago S; Emilson, Claes-Göran; Weber, Adriana A; Uribe, Sergio

2007-10-01

To evaluate the prevalence of caries in the permanent 1st molars of a group of 9 to 10-year-old children, and to determine the long-term effect of a mother-child preventive dental program (PDP) that started when the women were pregnant and continued until the children were 6 years of age. The permanent 1st molars of 37 children in the PDP group were evaluated for caries, both clinically and radiographically, and compared with those of a control group of 42 children who had not participated in the PDP. Of children in the PDP group, 70% were caries free compared to 33% in the control group (p<0.001). Of permanent 1st molars in the PDP group, 87% were caries-free compared to 61% in the control group (p<0.001). The mean DFS of the PDP children 10 years of age was 0.519+/-0.93 versus 1.57+/-1.38 for the control children (p=0.002). Examination of children 4 years after discontinuation of a caries preventive program reflected a long-term reduction in the DFS score of permanent 1st molars.

Anti-dazzling protection for Air Force pilots

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Donval, Ariela; Fisher, Tali; Lipman, Ofir; Oron, Moshe

2012-06-01

Under certain conditions, laser directed at aircraft can be a hazard. The most likely scenario is when a bright visible laser causes distraction or temporary flash blindness to a pilot, during a critical phase of flight such as landing or takeoff. It is also possible, that a visible or invisible beam could cause permanent harm to a pilot's eyes. We present a non-linear, solid-state dynamic filter solutions protecting from dazzling and damage in a passive way. Our filters limit the transmission, only if the power exceeds a certain threshold as opposed to spectral filters that block a certain wavelength permanently.

Stability Augmentation of Wind Farm using Variable Speed Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rosyadi, Marwan; Muyeen, S. M.; Takahashi, Rion; Tamura, Junji

This paper presents a new control strategy of variable speed permanent magnet wind generator for stability augmentation of wind farm including fixed speed wind turbine with Induction Generator (IG). A new control scheme is developed for two levels back-to-back converters of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG), by which both active and reactive powers delivered to the grid can be controlled easily. To avoid the converter damage, the DC link protection controller is also proposed in order to protect the dc link circuit during fault condition. To evaluate the control capability of the proposed controllers, simulations are performed on two model systems composed of wind farms connected to an infinite bus. From transient and steady state analyses by using PSCAD/EMTDC, it is concluded that the proposed control scheme is very effective to improve the stability of wind farm for severe network disturbance and randomly fluctuating wind speed.

Circuits Protect Against Incorrect Power Connections

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Delombard, Richard

1992-01-01

Simple circuits prevent application of incorrectly polarized or excessive voltages. Connected temporarily or permanently at power-connecting terminals. Devised to protect electrical and electronic equipment installed in spacecraft and subjected to variety of tests in different facilities prior to installation. Basic concept of protective circuits also applied easily to many kinds of electrical and electronic equipment that must be protected against incorrect power connections.

Permanent right-to-left shunt is the key factor in managing patent foramen ovale.

PubMed

Rigatelli, Gianluca; Dell'Avvocata, Fabio; Cardaioli, Paolo; Giordan, Massimo; Braggion, Gabriele; Aggio, Silvio; Chinaglia, Mauro; Mandapaka, Sangeeta; Kuruvilla, John; Chen, Jack P; Nanjundappa, Aravinda

2011-11-15

We sought to prospectively evaluate risk of stroke and impact of transcatheter patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure in patients with permanent right-to left shunt compared with those with Valsalva maneuver-induced right-to-left shunt. Pathophysiology and properly management of PFO still remain far from being fully clarified: in particular, the contribution of permanent right-to-left shunt remains unknown. Between March 2006 and October 2010, we enrolled 180 (mean age 44 ± 10.9 years, 98 women) of 320 consecutive patients referred to our center for transcatheter PFO closure, who had spontaneous permanent right-to-left shunt on transcranial Doppler and transthoracic/transesophageal echocardiography. All patients fulfilled the standard current indications for transcatheter closure and underwent preoperative transesophageal echocardiography and brain magnetic resonance imaging, with subsequent intracardiac echocardiographic-guided transcatheter PFO closure. We compared the clinical echocardiographic characteristics of these patients (Permanent Group) with the rest of 140 patients with right-to-left shunt only during Valsalva maneuver (Valsalva Group). Compared with the Valsalva Group patients, patients of the Permanent Group had increased frequency of multiple ischemic brain lesions on magnetic resonance imaging, previous recurrent stroke, previous peripheral arteries embolism, migraine with aura, and-more frequently-atrial septal aneurysm and prominent Eustachian valve. The presence of permanent shunt confers the highest risk of recurrent stroke (odds ratio: 5.9, 95% confidence interval: 2.0 to 12, p < 0.001). No differences were recorded between the 2 groups with regard to recurrence of ischemic events after the closure procedure. Despite its small-sample nature, our study suggests that patients with permanent right-to-left shunt have potentially a higher risk of paradoxical embolism compared with those without. Copyright © 2011 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Prevalence of diphtheria and tetanus antibodies among adults in Singapore: a national serological study to identify most susceptible population groups.

PubMed

Ang, L W; James, L; Goh, K T

2016-03-01

In view of waning antitoxin titres over time after the last vaccine dose against diphtheria and tetanus, we determined the immunity levels in adults to identify most susceptible groups for protection in Singapore. Our study involved residual sera from 3293 adults aged 18-79 who had participated in a national health survey in 2010. IgG antibody levels were determined using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Overall, 92.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 91.1-92.9%) had at least basic protection against diphtheria (antibody levels ≥0.01 IU/ml), while 71.4% (95% CI: 69.8-72.9%) had at least short-term protection against tetanus (antibody levels >0.1 IU/ml). The seroprevalence declined significantly with age for both diseases; the drop was most marked in the 50- to 59-year age group for diphtheria and 60- to 69-year age group for tetanus. There was a significant difference in seroprevalence by residency for diphtheria (92.8% among Singapore citizens versus 87.1% among permanent residents; P = 0.001). The seroprevalence for tetanus was significantly higher among males (83.2%) than females (62.4%) (P < 0.0005). It may be of value to consider additional vaccination efforts to protect older adults at higher risk for exposure against diphtheria and tetanus, particularly those travelling to areas where diphtheria is endemic or epidemic. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Faculty of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Protecting the protectors of wilderness

Treesearch

Juan Carlos Gambarotta

2007-01-01

Preserving the last remnants of wild country requires effective legislation, adequate finances, and appropriate policies, but in addition it requires the permanent presence of dedicated park rangers. For the International Ranger Federation, a ranger is a person who works in protected areas, and, among other tasks, is responsible for the protection of the natural and...

Effect of accelerated ageing and surface sealing on the permanent deformation of auto-polymerising soft linings.

PubMed

da Silva, Joaquim; Takahashi, Jessica; Nuňez, Juliana; Consani, Rafael; Mesquita, Marcelo

2012-09-01

To compare the effects of different ageing methods on the permanent deformation of two permanent soft liners. The materials selected were auto-polymerising acrylic resin and silicone-based reliners. Sealer coating was also evaluated. Sixty specimens of each reliner were manufactured (12.7 mm diameter and 19 mm length). Specimens were randomly distributed into 12 groups (n = 10) and submitted to one of the accelerated ageing processes. Permanent deformation tests were conducted with a mechanical device described within the American Dental Association specification number 18 with a compressive load of 750 gf applied for 30 s. All data were submitted for statistical analysis. Mann-Whitney test compared the effect of the surface sealer on each material and the permanent deformation of the materials in the same ageing group (p = 0.05). Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests compared all ageing groups of each material (p = 0.05). The silicone-based reliner presented a lower permanent deformation than the acrylic resin-based reliner, regardless of the ageing procedure. The surface sealer coating was effective only for the thermocycled silicone group and the accelerated ageing processes affected only the permanent deformation of the acrylic resin-based material. The silicone-based reliner presented superior elastic properties and the thermocycling was more effective in ageing the materials. © 2010 The Gerodontology Society and John Wiley & Sons A/S.

Prevalence of permanent hearing threshold shift among workers of Indian iron and steel small and medium enterprises: a study.

PubMed

Singh, Lakhwinder Pal; Bhardwaj, Arvind; Kumar, Deepak Kishore

2012-01-01

Occupational noise exposure and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) have been recognized as a problem among workers in Indian industries. The major industries in India are based on manufacturing. There are appreciable numbers of casting and forging units spread across the country. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of permanent hearing threshold shift among the workers engaged in Indian iron and steel small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and compared with control group subjects. As a part of hearing protection intervention, audiometric tests were conducted at low (250-1000 Hz), medium (1500-3000 Hz), and high (4000-8000 Hz) frequencies. The occurrence of hearing loss was determined based on hearing threshold levels with a low fence of 25 dB. Comparisons were made for hearing threshold at different frequencies between the exposed and control groups using Student's t test. ANOVA was used for the comparison of hearing threshold dB at different frequencies among occupation and year of experience. A P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. All data were presented as mean value (SD). Over 90% of workers engaged in various processes of casting and forging industry showed hearing loss in the noise-sensitive medium and higher frequencies. Occupation was significantly associated with NIHL, and hearing loss was particularly high among the workers of forging section. The analyses revealed a higher prevalence of significant hearing loss among the forging workers compared to the workers associated with other activities. The study shows alarming signals of NIHL, especially in forging workers. The occupational exposure to noise could be minimized by efficient control measures through engineering controls, administrative controls, and the use of personal protective devices. Applications of engineering and/or administrative controls are frequently not feasible in the developing countries for technical and financial reasons. A complete hearing conservation programme, including training, audiometry, job rotation, and the use of hearing protection devices, is the most feasible method for the protection of industrial workers from prevailing noise in workplace environments in the developing countries.

The Rights of Aliens

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gordon, Charles

1978-01-01

Aliens have considerable rights and benefits in the United States. They are entitled to the protections of the Constitution. However, the nature of the Constitutional protections may vary with the alien's status, as a permanent resident or as a temporary or irregular resident. (NQ)

Comparative Study of Pulp Vitality in Primary and Young Permanent Molars in Human Children with Pulse Oximeter and Electric Pulp Tester.

PubMed

Shahi, Prinka; Sood, P B; Sharma, Arun; Madan, Manish; Shahi, Nishat; Gandhi, Geetanjali

2015-01-01

The purpose of this study was to compare the pulp testing methods (pulse oximetry and electric pulp test) in primary and young permanent teeth of children. The study included a total of 155 children aged 4 to 15 years. Twenty children formed control group I. Study group included all healthy, 85 primary 2nd molars in group II and 85 permanent 1st molars in group III. Fifty children needing endodontics treatment formed test group IV. The readings were recorded as true positive (TP), false positive (FP), true negative (TN), false negative (FN). Based on this, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated for each method. The results were statistically analyzed using Chi-square test. On comparing pulse oximetry with electric pulp test 'p-value' was found to be 0.487 and 1.00 for groups 1 and 2 respectively and was statistically not significant. Whereas 'p-value' for groups 3 and 4 was < 0.0001 and 0.003 respectively and was statistically highly significant. The present study indicates that pulse oximetry can be used as a routine method for assessing the pulp vitality in primary, young permanent and mature permanent teeth. How to cite this article: Shahi P, Sood PB, Sharma A, Madan M, Shahi N, Gandhi G. Comparative Study of Pulp Vitality in Primary and Young Permanent Molars in Human Children with Pulse Oximeter and Electric Pulp Tester. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2015;8(2):94-98.

Effect of blood and saliva contamination on bond strength of brackets bonded with a protective liquid polish and a light-cured adhesive.

PubMed

Sayinsu, Korkmaz; Isik, Fulya; Sezen, Serdar; Aydemir, Bulent

2007-03-01

The application of a polymer coating to the labial enamel tooth surface before bonding can help keep white spot lesions from forming. Previous studies evaluating the effects of blood and saliva contamination on the bond strengths of light-cured composites showed significant reductions in bond strength values. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the bond strength of a light-cured system (Transbond XT, 3M Unitek, Puchheim, Germany) used with a liquid polish (BisCover, Bisco, Schaumburg, Ill) is affected by contamination with blood or saliva. One hundred twenty permanent human premolars were randomly divided into 6 groups of 20. Various enamel surface conditions were studied: dry, blood contaminated, and saliva contaminated. A light-cured bonding system (Transbond XT) was used in all groups. The teeth in group 1 were bonded with Transbond XT. In the second group, BisCover polymeric resin polish was applied on the etched tooth surfaces before the brackets were bonded with Transbond XT resin. Comparison of the first and second groups showed no statistically significant difference. Groups 3 through 6 were bonded without Transbond XT. For groups 3 and 5, a layer of blood or saliva, respectively, was applied to the etched enamel followed by BisCover. In groups 4 and 6, blood or saliva, respectively, was applied on the light-cured BisCover. Shear forces were applied to the samples with a universal testing machine, and bond strengths were measured in megapascals. The protective liquid polish (BisCover) layer did not affect bond strength. Blood contamination on acid-etched surfaces affects bond strength more than saliva contamination. When a protective liquid polish (BisCover) is applied to the tooth surface, the effect of contamination by blood or saliva is prevented.

Focal epidural cooling reduces the infarction volume of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in swine.

PubMed

Zhang, Lihua; Cheng, Huilin; Shi, Jixin; Chen, Jun

2007-02-01

The protective effect against ischemic stroke by systemic hypothermia is limited by the cooling rate and it has severe complications. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of SBH induced by epidural cooling on infarction volume in a swine model of PMCAO. Permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed in 12 domestic swine assigned to groups A and B. In group A, the cranial and rectal temperatures were maintained at normal range (37 degrees C-39 degrees C) for 6 hours after PMCAO. In group B, cranial temperature was reduced to moderate (deep brain, <30 degrees C) and deep (brain surface, <20 degrees C) temperature and maintained at that level for 5 hours after 1 hour after PMCAO, by the epidural cooling method. All animals were euthanized 6 hours after MCAO; their brains were sectioned and stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride and their infarct volumes were calculated. The moderate and deep brain temperature (at deep brain and brain surface) can be induced by rapid epidural cooling, whereas the rectal temperature was maintained within normal range. The infarction volume after PMCAO was significantly reduced by epidural cooling compared with controls (13.73% +/- 1.82% vs 5.62% +/- 2.57%, P < .05). The present study has demonstrated, with histologic confirmation, that epidural cooling may be a useful strategy for reducing infarct volume after the onset of ischemia.

Comparison of the microhardness of primary and permanent teeth after immersion in two types of carbonated beverages.

PubMed

Haghgou, Hamid R; Haghgoo, Roza; Asdollah, Fatemah Molla

2016-01-01

The consumption of carbonated beverages is one of the etiological factors that cause dental erosion. The purpose of this research was to compare changes in the microhardness of permanent and primary teeth after immersion in two types of carbonated beverages. This investigation was done on 30 healthy permanent molars and 30 healthy primary canines. Each group of primary and permanent teeth was subdivided into three groups of 10 teeth. The teeth was immersed in 40 ml of each of the three beverages for 5 min. One subgroup was immersed in water (as a control). The next was immersed in Lemon Delster and the last subgroup was immersed in Coca-Cola. The microhardness of enamel was measured using the Vickers method before and after immersion. Finally, the data was analyzed by paired t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and t-test. Microhardness reduction in the primary teeth was significant in both the Lemon Delster and Coca-Cola groups (P < 0.05). This reduction was also statistically significant in the permanent teeth (P < 0.05). A comparison of the enamel changes in the primary teeth with permanent teeth after immersion in both beverages showed a greater microhardness reduction in the primary teeth in both the experimental groups. Coca-Cola and Lemon Delster caused a significant reduction of microhardness in tooth enamel. This reduction was greater in primary teeth than in permanent teeth, and was also greater after immersion in Coca-Cola than after immersion in Lemon Delster.

Split-mouth and parallel-arm trials to compare pain with intraosseous anaesthesia delivered by the computerised Quicksleeper system and conventional infiltration anaesthesia in paediatric oral healthcare: protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

PubMed

Smaïl-Faugeron, Violaine; Muller-Bolla, Michèle; Sixou, Jean-Louis; Courson, Frédéric

2015-07-10

Local anaesthesia is commonly used in paediatric oral healthcare. Infiltration anaesthesia is the most frequently used, but recent developments in anaesthesia techniques have introduced an alternative: intraosseous anaesthesia. We propose to perform a split-mouth and parallel-arm multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing the pain caused by the insertion of the needle for the injection of conventional infiltration anaesthesia, and intraosseous anaesthesia by the computerised QuickSleeper system, in children and adolescents. Inclusion criteria are patients 7-15 years old with at least 2 first permanent molars belonging to the same dental arch (for the split-mouth RCT) or with a first permanent molar (for the parallel-arm RCT) requiring conservative or endodontic treatment limited to pulpotomy. The setting of this study is the Department of Paediatric Dentistry at 3 University dental hospitals in France. The primary outcome measure will be pain reported by the patient on a visual analogue scale concerning the insertion of the needle and the injection/infiltration. Secondary outcomes are latency, need for additional anaesthesia during the treatment and pain felt during the treatment. We will use a computer-generated permuted-block randomisation sequence for allocation to anaesthesia groups. The random sequences will be stratified by centre (and by dental arch for the parallel-arm RCT). Only participants will be blinded to group assignment. Data will be analysed by the intent-to-treat principle. In all, 160 patients will be included (30 in the split-mouth RCT, 130 in the parallel-arm RCT). This protocol has been approved by the French ethics committee for the protection of people (Comité de Protection des Personnes, Ile de France I) and will be conducted in full accordance with accepted ethical principles. Findings will be reported in scientific publications and at research conferences, and in project summary papers for participants. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02084433. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

[The effect of butylphthalide on expression of NGF and BDNF in ischemia stroke tissue of rat cerebrum].

PubMed

Kong, Shuang-yan; Li, Qi-fu; Yang, Jie; He, Li

2007-06-01

To study the expressions of BDNF, BDNF mRNA, NGF and NGF mRNA in the permanent focal cerebral ischemia tissues of rats. METHHODS: Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were taken for this study project. According to the procedure of Zea-Longa, the rat model with permanent cerebral ischemia was established by rat middle cerebral artery obstructed (MCAO) with a nylon thread, and the model rats of neurobehavioral evaluation as 1-3 grade were randomly divided into two groups: butylphthalide group (A group) and control group (B group). A group was given with 25 mg/kg butylphthalide, B group was given with edible oil, two times every day. 3 days after occlusion, all rats were sacrificed after evaluated the neurobehavioral scores, and the samples of cerebrum were obtained after in situ perfusion and fixation with 40 g/L paraformaldehyde. 5 rats in each group were taken to tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining for macroscopic observation of cerebral infarction area, the rest samples were processed by immunohistochemistry to evaluate effects of butylphthalide on BDNF and NGF expression, hybridization in situ to evaluate effects of butylphthalide on BDNF mRNA and NGF mRNA expression. SPSS12. 0 for statistical analysis, it was P<0. 05 as having statistical significance. Comparing to control group (B group), butylphthalide group (A group) did not have significantly pathological difference, but the grade of behavior and infarction area were apparently reduced (P<0. 05). In butylphthalide group, there was a significant expression up-regulation to BDNF, NGF, BDNF mRNA and NGF mRNA in the peripheral around infarction and cornu ammonis or hippocampus area (P<0. 05). However in the infarction area, the expressions of BDNF, NGF, BDNF mRNA and NGF mRNA had no significantly statistical difference (P> 0. 05). Comparing to control group, butylphthalide can significantly up-regulate the expressions of BDNF and NGF in genetic transcription level, and protect from the ischemia injury.

Protective Effects of α-Tocopherol on ABR Threshold Shift in Rabbits Exposed to Noise and Carbon Monoxide.

PubMed

Motallebi Kashani, Masoud; Mortazavi, Seyyed Bagher; Khavanin, Ali; Allameh, Abdolamir; Mirzaee, Ramezan; Akbari, Mehdi

2011-01-01

Noise induced hearin gloss (NIHL) is one of the most important occupational disease world wide. NIHL has been found potentiate by simultaneous carbon monoxide (CO) exposure. Free radicals have been implicated in cochlear damage resulted from the exposure to noise and due to the CO hypoxia. This study examined whether α-tocopherol administration , as a free radical scavenger, causes the attenuation of auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold shifts resulting from noise exposure and noise plus CO exposure. Forty-two rabbits were divided in to seven groups including control, noise + saline, noise + CO + saline, noise + α-tocopherol, noise + CO + α-tocopherol , CO + α-tocopherol and α-tocopherol alone. ABR was assessed before exposure, 1 hand 14 days post exposure. The administration of 50 mg/Kg of α-tocopherol prior, following and post exposure to noise or noise plus CO recovered permanent ABR threshold shift at 1 and KHz almost to the baseline and provided significant attenuation in permanent ABR threshold shift at 4 and 8 KHz in subject swhich were exposed to noise but it did not block the potentiating of threshold elevation by CO exposure (extra threshold loss by combined exposure) at 4 and 8 KHz. α Tocopherol provides protective effect against the hearing loss resulting from noise exposure and simultaneous exposure to noise plus CO.

40 CFR 60.1640 - What must I do if I plan to permanently close my municipal waste combustion unit and not restart it?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... close my municipal waste combustion unit and not restart it? 60.1640 Section 60.1640 Protection of... NEW STATIONARY SOURCES Emission Guidelines and Compliance Times for Small Municipal Waste Combustion... do if I plan to permanently close my municipal waste combustion unit and not restart it? (a) If you...

40 CFR 60.1640 - What must I do if I plan to permanently close my municipal waste combustion unit and not restart it?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... close my municipal waste combustion unit and not restart it? 60.1640 Section 60.1640 Protection of... NEW STATIONARY SOURCES Emission Guidelines and Compliance Times for Small Municipal Waste Combustion... do if I plan to permanently close my municipal waste combustion unit and not restart it? (a) If you...

40 CFR 60.1640 - What must I do if I plan to permanently close my municipal waste combustion unit and not restart it?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... close my municipal waste combustion unit and not restart it? 60.1640 Section 60.1640 Protection of... NEW STATIONARY SOURCES Emission Guidelines and Compliance Times for Small Municipal Waste Combustion... do if I plan to permanently close my municipal waste combustion unit and not restart it? (a) If you...

40 CFR 60.1640 - What must I do if I plan to permanently close my municipal waste combustion unit and not restart it?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... close my municipal waste combustion unit and not restart it? 60.1640 Section 60.1640 Protection of... NEW STATIONARY SOURCES Emission Guidelines and Compliance Times for Small Municipal Waste Combustion... do if I plan to permanently close my municipal waste combustion unit and not restart it? (a) If you...

40 CFR 60.1640 - What must I do if I plan to permanently close my municipal waste combustion unit and not restart it?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... close my municipal waste combustion unit and not restart it? 60.1640 Section 60.1640 Protection of... NEW STATIONARY SOURCES Emission Guidelines and Compliance Times for Small Municipal Waste Combustion... do if I plan to permanently close my municipal waste combustion unit and not restart it? (a) If you...

Partners of patients having a permanent colostomy should also receive attention from the healthcare team.

PubMed

Silva, A L; Monteiro, P S; Sousa, J B; Vianna, A L; Oliveira, P G

2014-12-01

This study was carried out to determine how the partners of patients with a permanent colostomy perceive everyday life, particularly its sexual aspects. Data were collected prospectively from October 2011 to May 2012 using a three-part questionnaire to obtain demographic, social and sexual information. Both multiple-choice and yes/no questions were used. One hundred and eight questionnaires were given to 36 partners of patients with a permanent colostomy (the ostomy group) and to 72 partners of normal individuals matched for age, sex and social class. The sexual performance of the spouse was significantly better in the control group (P = 0.004), sexual performance of the partner was also better in the control group (P = 0.023) and reduced frequency of sexual activity was higher in the ostomy group (P = 0.042). There was, however, no significant difference in sexual interest between the two groups (P = 0.507). The study demonstrated that about half of the partners of patients with a permanent colostomy experienced dissatisfaction with their spouse's performance, with a reduction in sexual interest and frequency of intercourse compared with the control group. Healthcare professionals should pay more attention to the partner of patients having a permanent colostomy. © 2014 The Authors. Colorectal Disease published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland.

Comparison of the microhardness of primary and permanent teeth after immersion in two types of carbonated beverages

PubMed Central

Haghgou, Hamid R.; Haghgoo, Roza; Asdollah, Fatemah Molla

2016-01-01

Objectives: The consumption of carbonated beverages is one of the etiological factors that cause dental erosion. The purpose of this research was to compare changes in the microhardness of permanent and primary teeth after immersion in two types of carbonated beverages. Materials and Methods: This investigation was done on 30 healthy permanent molars and 30 healthy primary canines. Each group of primary and permanent teeth was subdivided into three groups of 10 teeth. The teeth was immersed in 40 ml of each of the three beverages for 5 min. One subgroup was immersed in water (as a control). The next was immersed in Lemon Delster and the last subgroup was immersed in Coca-Cola. The microhardness of enamel was measured using the Vickers method before and after immersion. Finally, the data was analyzed by paired t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and t-test. Results: Microhardness reduction in the primary teeth was significant in both the Lemon Delster and Coca-Cola groups (P < 0.05). This reduction was also statistically significant in the permanent teeth (P < 0.05). A comparison of the enamel changes in the primary teeth with permanent teeth after immersion in both beverages showed a greater microhardness reduction in the primary teeth in both the experimental groups. Conclusions: Coca-Cola and Lemon Delster caused a significant reduction of microhardness in tooth enamel. This reduction was greater in primary teeth than in permanent teeth, and was also greater after immersion in Coca-Cola than after immersion in Lemon Delster. PMID:27583223

Prevalence of enamel defects in primary and permanent teeth in a group of schoolchildren from Granada (Spain).

PubMed

Robles, Maria-Jesús; Ruiz, Matilde; Bravo-Perez, Manuel; González, Encarnación; Peñalver, Maria-Angustias

2013-03-01

The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the prevalence and presentations of developmental defects of the enamel (DDE) in the primary and permanent dentitions of a group of healthy schoolchildren residing in Granada (Spain). A total of 1,414 healthy schoolchildren were examined using modified DDE criteria for recording enamel defects. The prevalence of DDE of any type was 40.2% in primary dentition and 52% in permanent dentition (p<0.033). Of the 31,820 primary and permanent teeth examined in the study, 699 (4.1%) primary and 1,232 (8.3%) permanent teeth had some form of DDE. Diffuse opacity was the most common type of DDE observed in primary teeth, and demarcated opacity in the permanent teeth. Enamel hypoplasia was the least prevalent defect in both dentition types. The study population showed a high prevalence of DDE in primary as well as in permanent dentition, reflecting the current increasing trend of this condition, which should be considered as a significant public health problem.

40 CFR 62.15095 - What must I do if I plan to permanently close my municipal waste combustion unit and not restart it?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... close my municipal waste combustion unit and not restart it? 62.15095 Section 62.15095 Protection of... Combustion Units Constructed on or Before August 30, 1999 Compliance Schedule and Increments of Progress § 62.15095 What must I do if I plan to permanently close my municipal waste combustion unit and not restart...

40 CFR 62.15095 - What must I do if I plan to permanently close my municipal waste combustion unit and not restart it?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... close my municipal waste combustion unit and not restart it? 62.15095 Section 62.15095 Protection of... Combustion Units Constructed on or Before August 30, 1999 Compliance Schedule and Increments of Progress § 62.15095 What must I do if I plan to permanently close my municipal waste combustion unit and not restart...

40 CFR 62.15095 - What must I do if I plan to permanently close my municipal waste combustion unit and not restart it?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... close my municipal waste combustion unit and not restart it? 62.15095 Section 62.15095 Protection of... Combustion Units Constructed on or Before August 30, 1999 Compliance Schedule and Increments of Progress § 62.15095 What must I do if I plan to permanently close my municipal waste combustion unit and not restart...

40 CFR 62.15095 - What must I do if I plan to permanently close my municipal waste combustion unit and not restart it?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... close my municipal waste combustion unit and not restart it? 62.15095 Section 62.15095 Protection of... Combustion Units Constructed on or Before August 30, 1999 Compliance Schedule and Increments of Progress § 62.15095 What must I do if I plan to permanently close my municipal waste combustion unit and not restart...

40 CFR 62.15095 - What must I do if I plan to permanently close my municipal waste combustion unit and not restart it?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... close my municipal waste combustion unit and not restart it? 62.15095 Section 62.15095 Protection of... Combustion Units Constructed on or Before August 30, 1999 Compliance Schedule and Increments of Progress § 62.15095 What must I do if I plan to permanently close my municipal waste combustion unit and not restart...

Design and simulation of permanent magnet synchronous motor control system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Li; Liu, Yongqiu

2018-06-01

In recent years, with the development of power electronics, microelectronics, new motor control theory and rare earth permanent magnet materials, permanent magnet synchronous motors have been rapidly applied. Permanent magnet synchronous motors have the advantages of small size, low loss and high efficiency. Today, energy conservation and environmental protection are increasingly valued. It is very necessary to study them. Permanent magnet synchronous motor control system has a wide range of application prospects in the fields of electric vehicles, ships and other transportation. Using the simulation function of MATLAB/SIMULINK, a modular design structure was used to simulate the whole system model of speed loop adjustment, current PI modulation, SVPWM (Space Vector Pulse Width Module) wave generation and double closed loop. The results show that this control method has good robustness, and this method can improve the design efficiency and shorten the system design time. In this article, the analysis of the control principle of modern permanent magnet synchronous motor and the various processes of MATLAB simulation application will be analyzed in detail. The basic theory, basic method and application technology of the permanent magnet synchronous motor control system are systematically introduced.

76 FR 62692 - Atlantic Ocean off Wallops Island and Chincoteague Inlet, Virginia; Danger Zone

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-11

... Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Wallops Flight Facility conducts rocket-launching operations. The proposed amendment is necessary to protect the public from hazards associated with the rocket-launching... permanent danger zone is necessary to protect the public from hazards associated with rocket-launching...

Threshold Things That Think: Authorisation for Resharing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peeters, Roel; Kohlweiss, Markulf; Preneel, Bart

As we are evolving towards ubiquitous computing, users carry an increasing number of mobile devices with sensitive information. The security of this information can be protected using threshold cryptography, in which secret computations are shared between multiple devices. Threshold cryptography can be made more robust by resharing protocols, which allow recovery from partial compromises. This paper introduces user-friendly and secure protocols for the authorisation of resharing protocols. We present both automatic and manual protocols, utilising a group manual authentication protocol to add a new device. We analyse the security of these protocols: our analysis considers permanent and temporary compromises, denial of service attacks and manual authentications errors of the user.

Border malaria in China: knowledge and use of personal protection by minority populations and implications for malaria control: a questionnaire-based survey.

PubMed

Moore, Sarah J; Min, Xia; Hill, Nigel; Jones, Caroline; Zaixing, Zhang; Cameron, Mary M

2008-10-01

Malaria control in remote, forested areas of the Mekong region relies on personal protection from mosquito bites. Uptake of these methods may be limited by knowledge of the link between mosquitoes and malaria as well as social and economic aspects. Understanding barriers to uptake will inform malaria control programmes on targets for improvement of delivery. A total 748 key respondents: health providers and village heads, from 187 villages and 25 different ethnic groups, were interviewed using structured questionnaires. Differences in use of personal protection, and knowledge of malaria between groups were analysed using chi-square; and binary logistic regression used for multivariate analysis. Malaria knowledge was poor with 19.4% of women and 37.5% of men linking mosquitoes with malaria, although 95.6% knew one or more methods of mosquito control. Virtually all respondents used personal protection at some time during the year; and understanding of malaria transmission was strongly associated with bednet use. Those working in forest agriculture were significantly more likely to know that mosquitoes transmit malaria but this did not translate into a significantly greater likelihood of using bednets. Furthermore, use of personal protection while woing outdoors was rare, and less than 3% of respondents knew about the insecticide impregnation of bednets. The use of bednets, synthetic repellents and mosquito coils varied between ethnic groups, but was significantly more frequent among those with higher income, more years of education and permanent housing. The reported use of repellents and coils was also more common among women despite their low knowledge of malaria transmission, and low likelihood of having heard information on malaria within the last year. The use of personal protection must be increased, particularly among outdoor workers that have higher malaria risk. However, personal protection is widely used and widely accepted to prevent nuisance biting mosquitoes, with the major barrier to use being affordability. Therefore, social marketing campaigns aimed at women and those that work outdoors that provide highly subsidised products, especially insecticide impregnation kits for bednets and hammock nets are most likely to succeed in lowering malaria morbidity among non Han-Chinese groups in rural China.

Haematophagous bat bites in Ecuadorian Amazon: characterisation and implications for sylvatic rabies prevention.

PubMed

Romero-Sandoval, N; Parra, C; Gallegos, G; Guanopatín, A; Campaña, M F; Haro, M; Calapaqui, S; Moreta, C; Viteri, F; Feijoo-Cid, M; Martin, M

2013-03-21

To characterise the risk factors of haematophagous bat bites and to provide information to contribute to the prevention of rabies in Ecuador. Cross-sectional study based on interviews with 3518 individuals, from which two sets of variables were generated: characteristics of haematophagous bat attacks in the previous year among humans and risk factors for being bitten. Data were analysed using multivariate logistic regression models, taking history of bat bites in the previous year as the response variable. In the previous year 723 (20.6%, 95%CI 19.3-21.9) of the participants declared having received haematophagous bat bites and 50.4% in the previous month, giving an incidence rate of 10.4% (95%CI 9.6-11.6) per month. Sleeping on the floor or in a hammock (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.58, 95%CI 1.21-2.06), not using a protective bed net (aOR 1.25, 95%CI 1.03-1.50) and living in a dwelling with permanent openings in the structure (aOR 1.49, 95%CI 1.12-1.95) were associated with a higher probability of bat bites. Those most affected were the group aged ≤12 years (age 13-19 years, aOR 0.39, 95%CI 0.32-0.48; age ≥20 years, aOR 0.67, 95%CI 0.50-0.90). Primary prevention based on pre-exposure vaccination would be justifiable given the high dispersion of the population and the high incidence of bat bites. As a secondary protective measure, communities should work towards increasing the use of protective measures and putting barriers in permanent openings in their dwellings.

Safety and efficacy of retrograde cerebral perfusion as an adjunct for cerebral protection during surgery on the aortic arch.

PubMed

Girardi, Leonard N; Shavladze, Nikolay; Sedrakyan, Art; Neragi-Miandoab, Siyamek

2014-12-01

The best adjunct for cerebral protection during aortic arch reconstruction remains controversial. Retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP) as an adjunct to profound hypothermic circulatory arrest (PHCA) extends the tolerable period of brain ischemia by flushing emboli and air from the cerebral circulation while maintaining hypothermia. We examined our experience with RCP to determine its efficacy in patients undergoing complex arch reconstruction. We retrospectively evaluated 879 patients undergoing arch reconstruction using RCP from July 1997 to March 2013. Perioperative risk factors were analyzed as predictors of neurologic injury and mortality. Survival for the type of arch reconstruction and for the interval of PHCA was calculated. Of the 879 patients, 671 underwent hemiarch and 208 total arch replacement. The mean age was 65 ± 13.3 years, and 61.6% were men. The total arch patients had longer mean periods of PHCA (39 vs 21 minutes, P < .001) and RCP (37 vs 19 minutes, P < .001). However, the incidence of transient neurologic dysfunction (3.0% vs 2.4%, P < .813) and permanent neurologic dysfunction (1.3% vs 1.9%, P < .519) was similar for both techniques. Mortality was greater in the hemiarch group (4.8% vs 0.5%, P < .003). Patients requiring >40 minutes of PHCA had outcomes similar to those requiring less. The 1-, 5-, and 10-year survival was similar, regardless of the procedure performed or interval of PHCA. RCP is a safe and effective adjunct for cerebral protection during arch surgery. Patients requiring more extensive arch reconstruction are not at greater risk of permanent neurologic dysfunction or perioperative mortality. Copyright © 2014 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Criterion 6, indicator 37 : average wage rates, annual average income, and annual injury rates in major forest employment categories

Treesearch

Kenneth Skog; Susan J. Alexander; John Bergstrom; Ken Cordell; Elizabeth Hill; James Howard; Rebecca Westby

2011-01-01

Average annual incomes for forest management and protection includes salaries for full-time permanent employees of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, which have increased from a median of $41,300 in 1992 to $48,200 in 2000, to $50,500 in 2006 (all in 2005$). Salary of full-time permanent employees in state forestry agencies in 1998, for entry level...

Understanding MIH: definition, epidemiology, differential diagnosis and new treatment guidelines.

PubMed

Mast, P; Rodrigueztapia, M T; Daeniker, L; Krejci, I

2013-09-01

Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) is a congenital disease which increases in prevalence. It affects permanent first molars and, often to a lesser degree, permanent incisors with variable severity. The aetiology is unknown, but different hypotheses have been advanced. Differential diagnosis is mandatory not to confound MIH with other diseases. Treatment consists in a minimally invasive approach by reinforcing and protecting the existing dental structure. In more severe cases, restorative treatment may be indicated.

The Permanent Temps' Lament: Why Not Tenure Status?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lemon, Hallie S.; And Others

This scripted dialogue is a fully documented story about the history and conditions of one group of post-secondary teachers of English. The narrative focuses on the proposal of this group of "permanent" temporary writing instructors from Western Illinois University to convince administrators to change their status to tenure track by…

Gene transfer as a strategy to achieve permanent cardioprotection I: rAAV-mediated gene therapy with inducible nitric oxide synthase limits infarct size 1 year later without adverse functional consequences.

PubMed

Li, Qianhong; Guo, Yiru; Wu, Wen-Jian; Ou, Qinghui; Zhu, Xiaoping; Tan, Wei; Yuan, Fangping; Chen, Ning; Dawn, Buddhadeb; Luo, Li; O'Brien, Erin; Bolli, Roberto

2011-11-01

The ultimate goal of prophylactic gene therapy is to confer permanent protection against ischemia. Although gene therapy with inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is known to protect against myocardial infarction at 3 days and up to 2 months, the long-term effects on myocardial ischemic injury and function are unknown. To address this issue, we created a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector carrying the iNOS gene (rAAV/iNOS), which enables long-lasting transgene expression. The ability of rAAV/iNOS to direct the expression of functional iNOS protein was confirmed in COS-7 cells before in vivo gene transfer. Mice received injections in the anterior LV wall of rAAV/LacZ or rAAV/iNOS; 1 year later, they underwent a 30-min coronary occlusion (O) and 4 h of reperfusion (R). iNOS gene transfer resulted in elevated iNOS protein expression (+3-fold vs. the LacZ group, n = 6; P < 0.05) and iNOS activity (+4.4-fold vs. the LacZ group, n = 6; P < 0.05) 1 year later. Infarct size (% of risk region) was dramatically reduced at 1 year after iNOS gene transfer (13.5 ± 2.2%, n = 12, vs. 41.7 ± 2.9%, n = 10, in the LacZ group; P < 0.05). The infarct-sparing effect of iNOS gene therapy at 1 year was as powerful as that observed 24 h after ischemic preconditioning (six 4-min O/4-min R cycles) (19.3 ± 2.3%, n = 11; P < 0.05). Importantly, compared with the LacZ group (n = 11), iNOS gene transfer (n = 10) had no effect on LV dimensions or function for up to 1 year (at 1 year: FS 34.5 ± 2.0 vs. 34.6 ± 2.6%, EF 57.0 ± 2.0 vs. 59.7 ± 2.9%, LVEDD 4.3 ± 0.1 vs. 4.2 ± 0.2 mm, LVESD 2.8 ± 0.1 vs. 2.9 ± 0.2 mm) (echocardiography). These data demonstrate, for the first time, that rAAV-mediated iNOS gene transfer affords long-term, probably permanent (1 year), cardioprotection without adverse functional consequences, providing a strong rationale for further preclinical testing of prophylactic gene therapy.

40 CFR 1051.135 - How must I label and identify the vehicles I produce?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... your vehicles must have three labels: a vehicle identification number as described in paragraph (a) of... identification number and permanently affix, engrave, or stamp it on the vehicle in a legible way. (b) At the... vehicles I produce? 1051.135 Section 1051.135 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY...

40 CFR 1051.135 - How must I label and identify the vehicles I produce?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... your vehicles must have three labels: a vehicle identification number as described in paragraph (a) of... identification number and permanently affix, engrave, or stamp it on the vehicle in a legible way. (b) At the... vehicles I produce? 1051.135 Section 1051.135 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY...

40 CFR 1051.135 - How must I label and identify the vehicles I produce?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... your vehicles must have three labels: a vehicle identification number as described in paragraph (a) of... identification number and permanently affix, engrave, or stamp it on the vehicle in a legible way. (b) At the... vehicles I produce? 1051.135 Section 1051.135 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY...

40 CFR 1051.135 - How must I label and identify the vehicles I produce?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... your vehicles must have three labels: a vehicle identification number as described in paragraph (a) of... identification number and permanently affix, engrave, or stamp it on the vehicle in a legible way. (b) At the... vehicles I produce? 1051.135 Section 1051.135 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY...

Preventive effects of different protective agents on dentin erosion: An in vitro investigation

PubMed Central

Gulino, Chiara; Mirando, Maria; Colombo, Marco; Pietrocola, Giampiero

2017-01-01

Background The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the preventive effects of different protective agents on dentine erosion, measuring mean percentage weight loss. Dissolution of dentine under erosive challenges caused by soft drinks was analyzed: specimens were weighed following each immersion period, with mean percent weight losses calculated. Material and Methods Extracted teeth were sectioned into uniform slabs. Seventy permanent enamel specimens were randomly distributed to seven groups. Initial weights of all dentin specimens were performed. The fluoride pastes Remin Pro, MI Paste Plus, Tooth Mousse, Biorepair, Biorepair Plus and Regenerate were used in this study. A control group was treated just with tap water. The specimens then were immersed in Coca-Cola for a total of 32 min at room temperature. Finally each specimen was dry and weighed. The mass loss was calculated as a percentage of that observed prior the fluoride pastes application. Weight loss data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (One-way ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc tests. Results Percent weight loss of specimens exposed to early stages in Coca-Cola showed linear progression with time. Specimen’s application of fluoridated varnishes such as Biorepair or Regenerate, prior immersion in Coca-Cola, significantly protect dentin from demineralization. Otherwise, application of Tooth Mousse or Biorepair Plus increased dentin demineralization starting from 24 min of immersion in Coca-Cola. Conclusions Despite the limitations of this study, the protective pastes that showed the less weight loss due to the acidic challenge are Biorepair and Regenerate. Key words:Dentine, erosion, protective agents, soft drinks, toothpastes. PMID:28149456

Preventive effects of different protective agents on dentin erosion: An in vitro investigation.

PubMed

Poggio, Claudio; Gulino, Chiara; Mirando, Maria; Colombo, Marco; Pietrocola, Giampiero

2017-01-01

The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the preventive effects of different protective agents on dentine erosion, measuring mean percentage weight loss. Dissolution of dentine under erosive challenges caused by soft drinks was analyzed: specimens were weighed following each immersion period, with mean percent weight losses calculated. Extracted teeth were sectioned into uniform slabs. Seventy permanent enamel specimens were randomly distributed to seven groups. Initial weights of all dentin specimens were performed. The fluoride pastes Remin Pro, MI Paste Plus, Tooth Mousse, Biorepair, Biorepair Plus and Regenerate were used in this study. A control group was treated just with tap water. The specimens then were immersed in Coca-Cola for a total of 32 min at room temperature. Finally each specimen was dry and weighed. The mass loss was calculated as a percentage of that observed prior the fluoride pastes application. Weight loss data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (One-way ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni's post hoc tests. Percent weight loss of specimens exposed to early stages in Coca-Cola showed linear progression with time. Specimen's application of fluoridated varnishes such as Biorepair or Regenerate, prior immersion in Coca-Cola, significantly protect dentin from demineralization. Otherwise, application of Tooth Mousse or Biorepair Plus increased dentin demineralization starting from 24 min of immersion in Coca-Cola. Despite the limitations of this study, the protective pastes that showed the less weight loss due to the acidic challenge are Biorepair and Regenerate. Key words: Dentine, erosion, protective agents, soft drinks, toothpastes.

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act; standards related to reinsurance, risk corridors, and risk adjustment. Final rule.

PubMed

2012-03-23

This final rule implements standards for States related to reinsurance and risk adjustment, and for health insurance issuers related to reinsurance, risk corridors, and risk adjustment consistent with title I of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, referred to collectively as the Affordable Care Act. These programs will mitigate the impact of potential adverse selection and stabilize premiums in the individual and small group markets as insurance reforms and the Affordable Insurance Exchanges ("Exchanges") are implemented, starting in 2014. The transitional State-based reinsurance program serves to reduce uncertainty by sharing risk in the individual market through making payments for high claims costs for enrollees. The temporary Federally administered risk corridors program serves to protect against uncertainty in rate setting by qualified health plans sharing risk in losses and gains with the Federal government. The permanent State-based risk adjustment program provides payments to health insurance issuers that disproportionately attract high-risk populations (such as individuals with chronic conditions).

Dental treatment needs of permanent first molars in mashhad schoolchildren.

PubMed

Ebrahimi, Masoumeh; Ajami, Behjat-Al-Molook; Sarraf Shirazi, Ali Reza; Afzal Aghaee, Monavar; Rashidi, Somayeh

2010-01-01

In spite of their enormous importance, permanent first molars might be affected by caries in children in developing countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment needs of first permanent molars in a group of schoolchildren in Mashhad. This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 700, 7-9 year-old students in primary schools in Mashhad. The schools were randomly selected from each district. Treatment needs and DMFT of first perma-nent molars were calculated. Data was analyzed using ANOVA, Chi-Square and t-test. A total of 95.3% of the children required dental treatment. Fissure sealant application and filling were the treat-ments most required in all age groups. The mean DMFT of first permanent molars was 1.31±1.4. It was significantly higher in girls than boys (P=0.040). Great treatment needs and caries prevalence in permanent first molars in Mashhad schoolchildren show that dental caries is still a serious problem in the children of our society; therefore, education of parents and teachers is necessary for promoting children's oral health.

Safety perception referents of permanent and temporary employees: safety climate boundaries in the industrial workplace.

PubMed

Luria, Gil; Yagil, Dana

2010-09-01

To explore the significant referents of safety perceptions among permanent and temporary employees in order to identify the boundaries of safety climate in a heterogeneous workforce. Collection of data from semi-structured interviews with employees in manufacturing organizations, using a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to identify basic safety perceptions. Independent raters used content analysis to examine the data. Analysis of the data revealed differences between safety themes at organization, group and individual levels. Themes relating to the individual were more prevalent among temporary employees, while those relating to the group and the organization prevailed among permanent employees. Permanent employees view organizational and group levels as significant referents of safety perceptions, while temporary employees focus on the individual level. The results challenge the current view of safety climate as a uniform concept for all employees and prescribe boundary conditions for safety climate. It is suggested that organizations should implement "tailor-made" safety-climate practices according to the referents of employee sub-groups. 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Comparative evaluation of platelet-rich fibrin and mineral trioxide aggregate as pulpotomy agents in permanent teeth with incomplete root development: a randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Keswani, Deepa; Pandey, Ramesh K; Ansari, Afroz; Gupta, Shalini

2014-05-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare, clinically and radiographically, the effects of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as pulpotomy agents in permanent teeth with incomplete root development. A total number of 70 children requiring pulpotomy in 70 permanent molars with incomplete root development were screened. Sixty-two patients met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the study. The patients were randomly allocated equally in 2 treatment groups. MTA pulpotomy was performed in group A (the control group), and PRF pulpotomy was performed in group B (the experimental group). The treated teeth were restored with amalgam followed by stainless steel crowns. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed after 6, 12, and 24 months. Thus, the data obtained were blindly analyzed using the chi-square test. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of clinical and radiologic success. Radiographically, all available cases (53 teeth) showed evidence of root growth and canal narrowing. Complete apical closure was observed in 88.8% in the PRF group (experimental group) and 80.07% of roots in the MTA group (control group), respectively, at 24 months. PRF could be used as a suitable biological and economic alternative to MTA in pulpotomy procedures of permanent teeth with incomplete root development. Copyright © 2014 American Association of Endodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The application of direct current electrical stimulation of the ear and cervical spine kinesitherapy in tinnitus treatment.

PubMed

Mielczarek, Marzena; Konopka, Wieslaw; Olszewski, Jurek

2013-02-01

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of electrical stimulations of the hearing organ in tinnitus treatment adapting the frequency of stimulation according to tinnitus frequency, to assess the influence of cervical spine kinesitherapy on tinnitus, as well as to evaluate hearing after electrical stimulations alone and together with cervical spine kinesitherapy. The study comprised 80 tinnitus, sensorineural hearing loss patients (119 tinnitus ears) divided into two groups. In group I (n - 58 tinnitus ears) electrical stimulation of the hearing organ was performed, in group II (n - 61 tinnitus ears) electrical stimulation together with cervical spine kinesitherapy. Hydrotransmissive, selective electrical stimulations were conducted using direct, rectangular current. The passive electrode was placed on the forehead, the active--a silver probe--was immersed in the external ear canal in 0.9% saline solution. The treatment involved fifteen applications of electrical stimulations (each lasted for 4 min) administered three or four times a week (whole treatment lasted approximately 30 days). The evaluation of the results considered a case history (change from permanent to temporary tinnitus), questionnaires (the increase/decrease of the total points) and the audiometric evaluation of hearing level. Before the treatment, group I comprised 51 ears (87.93%) with permanent, and 7 ears (12.07%) with temporary tinnitus; group II - 55 ears (90.17%) with permanent and 6 ears (9.83%) with temporary tinnitus. After the treatment, in both groups the number of ears with permanent tinnitus decreased considerably obtaining the pauses or disappearing of tinnitus. Directly after the treatment, group I comprised 25 ears (43.11%) with permanent, and 10 ears (17.24%) with temporary tinnitus, in 23 ears (39.65%) tinnitus disappeared; group II - 33 ears (54.1%) with permanent and 11 ears (18.03%) with temporary tinnitus, in 17 ears (27.87%) tinnitus disappeared. Regarding questionnaires, improvement was observed in group I - in 43.11% of ears, in group II - 32.8%. In both groups audiometric improvement of hearing was recognized. (1) Electrical stimulation of the hearing organ, with the application of current frequencies according to tinnitus frequencies (selective electrical stimulation), was an efficient method in severe tinnitus treatment. (2) Cervical spine kinesitherapy in the treatment of tinnitus, using electrical stimulation, did not have any supporting influence. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

30 CFR 75.508 - Map of electrical system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... apparatus in connection with the mine electric system, including permanent cables, switchgear, rectifying... direct-current circuit breakers protecting underground trolley circuits, shall be shown on a mine map...

30 CFR 75.508 - Map of electrical system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... apparatus in connection with the mine electric system, including permanent cables, switchgear, rectifying... direct-current circuit breakers protecting underground trolley circuits, shall be shown on a mine map...

Operationalization of the wilderness targets of the German NSBD

Treesearch

Albert Reif

2015-01-01

The German government's National Strategy on Biological Diversity (NSBD) aims at protecting its biodiversity in a broad sense. The NSBD calls for 5% of Germany's forest land area to be permanently set aside for natural forest protection, i.e., natural processes taking place, and as a second target, for 2% of Germany's land area to become "wilderness...

Psychiatry residents in a milieu participatory democracy: a resident's view.

PubMed

Gersten, D

1978-11-01

Psychiatry residents respond with a variety of coping mechanisms to the lack of traditional structure in a milieu participatory democracy. To incorporate themselves into the system they must accept such democratic ideals as equality among staff and patients, group decision making, and free self-expression and give up some of their traditional ideas about staff and patient roles, treatment modalities, and the therapeutic environment. The author was a first-year resident in psychiatry on a university hospital inpatient therapeutic community; he discusses the conflicts between residents, who often adopt a "we-they" attitude, and the permanent staff, whose protectiveness of the ward community reflects their personal commitment to its ideals.

Risk management in air protection in the Republic of Croatia.

PubMed

Peternel, Renata; Toth, Ivan; Hercog, Predrag

2014-03-01

In the Republic of Croatia, according to the Air Protection Act, air pollution assessment is obligatory on the whole State territory. For individual regions and populated areas in the State a network has been established for permanent air quality monitoring. The State network consists of stations for measuring background pollution, regional and cross-border remote transfer and measurements as part of international government liabilities, then stations for measuring air quality in areas of cultural and natural heritage, and stations for measuring air pollution in towns and industrial zones. The exceeding of alert and information threshold levels of air pollutants are related to emissions from industrial plants, and accidents. Each excess represents a threat to human health in case of short-time exposure. Monitoring of alert and information threshold levels is carried out at stations from the state and local networks for permanent air quality monitoring according to the Air Quality Measurement Program in the State network for permanent monitoring of air quality and air quality measurement programs in local networks for permanent air quality monitoring. The State network for permanent air quality monitoring has a developed automatic system for reporting on alert and information threshold levels, whereas many local networks under the competence of regional and local self-governments still lack any fully installed systems of this type. In case of accidents, prompt action at all responsibility levels is necessary in order to prevent crisis and this requires developed and coordinated competent units of State Administration as well as self-government units. It is also necessary to be continuously active in improving the implementation of legislative regulations in the field of crises related to critical and alert levels of air pollutants, especially at local levels.

The effect of monetary incentives on absenteeism: a case study

Treesearch

Charles H. Wolf

1974-01-01

An attendance bonus paid by a wood processing firm was studied to determine its effectiveness in reducing absenteeism. Employees were divided into permanent and short-term groups, and their response to the bonus was studied, using non-parametric tests. The evidence suggested that the incentive favorably influenced the work attendance of only the permanent group....

Tissue Engineering of Necrotic Dental Pulp of Immature Teeth with Apical Periodontitis in Dogs: Radiographic and Histological Evaluation.

PubMed

El Ashiry, Eman A; Alamoudi, Najlaa M; El Ashiry, Mahmoud K; Bastawy, Hagar A; El Derwi, Douaa A; Atta, Hazem M

2018-05-15

To evaluate tissue engineering technology to regenerate pulp-dentin like tissues in pulp canals of immature necrotic permanent teeth with apical periodontitis in dogs. The study was performed on 36 teeth in 12 dogs. The experiment was carried out using split mouth design. In each dog 3 teeth were selected for implementing the study procedure. Apical periodontitis was induced in Group A and B teeth. Group (A): immature upper left 2 nd permanent incisors that were transplanted with a construct of autologous dental pulp stem cells with growth factors seeded in a chitosn hydrogel scaffold. Group (B): immature upper right 2 nd permanent incisor that received only growth factors with scaffold. A third tooth in each dog was selected randomly for isolation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Both groups were closed with a double coronal seal of white MTA (Mineral trioxide aggregate) and glass ionomer cement. Both groups were monitored radiographically for 4 months and histologically after sacrificing the animals. There was no statistically significant difference in radiographic findings between group (A) and group (B) for healing of radiolucencies, while there was statistically significant difference between group (A) and group (B) regarding radicular thickening, root lengthening and apical closure. Histologically, group (A) teeth showed regeneration of pulp-dentin like tissue while group (B) teeth did not show any tissue regeneration. Dental pulp stem cells and growth factors incorporated in chitosan hydrogel are able to regenerate pulp-dentine like tissue and help in complete root maturation of non-vital immature permanent teeth with apical periodontitis in dogs.

Assessment of White Spot Lesions and In-Vivo Evaluation of the Effect of CPP-ACP on White Spot Lesions in Permanent Molars of Children.

PubMed

Munjal, Deepti; Garg, Shalini; Dhindsa, Abhishek; Sidhu, Gagandeep Kaur; Sethi, Harsimran Singh

2016-05-01

As hindrance of remineralisation process occurs during orthodontic therapy resulting in decalcification of enamel because number of plaque retention sites increases due to banding and bonding of appliances to teeth. The present analytic study was undertaken to assess the occurrence of white spot lesions in permanent molars of children with and without orthodontic therapy and to evaluate the effect of Casein PhosphoPeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) on white spot lesions in post-orthodontic patients in a given period of time. The study comprised of examination of 679 first permanent molars which were examined to assess the occurrence of smooth surface white spot lesions in children of 8 to 16 years age group. Group I comprised subjects without any orthodontic treatment and Group II comprised of subjects who had undergone orthodontic therapy. The sample size was calculated using the epi-info6 computer package. Treatment group included 20 post-orthodontic patients examined with at least one white spot lesion within the enamel who received remineralizing cream (GC Tooth Mousse, Recaldent, GC Corporation.) i.e., CPP-ACP cream two times a day for 12 consecutive weeks. Computerized image analysis method was taken to evaluate white spot lesions. These frequency and percentages were compared with chi-square test. For comparison of numeric data, paired t-test was used. Of the total 278 (49.6%) first permanent molars showed occurrence of smooth surface white spot lesions out of 560 in Group I and 107 (89.9%) first permanent molars showed presence of white spot lesions out of 119 debanded first permanent molars of children examined in Group II. CPP-ACP therapy group showed reduction in severity of codes which was found to be highly significant after 12 weeks and eight weeks on gingival-third, p-value (<0.001) and significant after eight weeks and four weeks on middle-third according to ICDAS II criteria and computerized image analysis. CPP-ACP therapy minimum for 12 weeks is highly recommended as post-orthodontic treatment need in management of smooth surface white spot lesions on teeth undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy according to the present study.

Permanently Protecting Tenants at Foreclosure Act of 2011

THOMAS, 112th Congress

Rep. Ellison, Keith [D-MN-5

2011-12-08

House - 01/12/2012 Referred to the Subcommittee on Insurance, Housing and Community Opportunity. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Timeliness and Delay in the Cook County Juvenile Court Child Protection Division. Discussion Paper CS-45.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Merry, Sheila M.; Peters, Clark M.; Goerge, Robert M.; Osuch, Ruth; Minor, Maria; Budde, Stephen

This study suggests that court procedures in Illinois must improve to assure that more children are placed in permanent homes in a timely way. The University of Chicago's Chapin Hall Center for Children examined the timeliness of the Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois' Child Protection Division in completing the sequence of hearings and…

78 FR 42110 - NASA Advisory Council; Education and Public Outreach Committee; Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-15

... [email protected]nasa.gov , no later than 12:00 p.m. Local Time, July 26, 2013, to get further information... be found at http://www.nasa.gov/offices/nac/EPO_Meetings.html . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The agenda...-4332 or by email at [email protected]nasa.gov . U.S. citizens and Permanent Residents (green card holders...

Laboratory evaluation of borate:amine:copper derivatives In wood for fungal decay protection

Treesearch

George Chen

2011-01-01

This study aimed to evaluate borate:amine:copper derivatives in wood for fungal decay protection as well as the permanence of copper and boron in wood. Each of four derivatives of borate:amine:copper prevented fungal decay in wood. Disodium tetraborate decahydrate (borax):amine:copper derivatives with 0.61-0.63% retention after water leaching prevented decay by...

Effect of Screen Reading and Reading from Printed Out Material on Student Success and Permanency in Introduction to Computer Lesson

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tuncer, Murat; Bahadir, Ferdi

2014-01-01

In this study, the effect of screen reading and reading from printed out material on student success and permanency in Introduction to Computer Lesson is investigated. Study group of the research consists of 78 freshman students registered in Erzincan University Refahiye Vocational School Post Service department. Study groups of research consist…

Clinical Evaluation of Ozone on Dentinal Lesions in Young Permanent Molars using the Stepwise Excavation.

PubMed

Safwat, Osama; Elkateb, Mona; Dowidar, Karin; El Meligy, Omar

To evaluate the clinical changes in dentin of deep carious lesions in young permanent molars, following ozone application with and without the use of a remineralizing solution, using the stepwise excavation. The sample included 162 first permanent immature molars, showing deep occlusal carious cavities that were indicated for indirect pulp capping. Teeth were divided into 2 main groups according to the method of ozone treatment. Each group was further subdivided equally into test and control subgroups. Following caries excavation, color, consistency and DIAGNOdent assessments of dentin were evaluated after 6 and 12 months. Regarding dentin color and consistency, no significant differences were observed following ozone application, with and without a remineralizing solution. There were no significant differences between ozone treatment, and calcium hydroxide during the different evaluation periods, except in group I cases after 6 months, concerning the dentin color. The DIAGNOdent values were significantly reduced following ozone application, with or without a remineralizing solution, as well as between test and control cases in group I after 6 months. Ozone application through the stepwise excavation had no significant effect on dentin color and consistency in young permanent molars. DIAGNOdent was unreliable in monitoring caries activity.

Group size of a permanent large group of agile mangabeys (Cercocebus agilis) at Bai Hokou, Central African Republic.

PubMed

Devreese, Lieven; Huynen, Marie-Claude; Stevens, Jeroen M G; Todd, Angelique

2013-01-01

White-eyelid mangabeys (genus Cercocebus) live in groups of highly variable size. Because of their semi-terrestrial behaviour and preference for dense forest habitats, re-liable data on group size are scarce. During a 5-month study, we collected 17 group counts on a habituated group of agile mangabeys (C. agilis) at Bai Hokou in the Central African Republic. We found a stable group size of approximately 135 individuals. This permanent large grouping pattern is known to occur among several populations of white-eyelid mangabeys and is congruent with extreme group sizes reported in mandrills at Lopé in Gabon. Copyright © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Lunar Gene Bank for Endangered Species

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Swain, R. K.; Behera, D.; Sahoo, P. K.; Swain, S. K.; Sasmal, A.

2012-03-01

In the face of failure of conservation programs, a Gene Bank in the lunar PSR, preferably the Shoemaker crater incorporating natural cryopreservation will provide permanent preservation of germplasms to protect endangered species from extinction.

Employment and sociodemographic characteristics: a study of increasing precarity in the health districts of Belo Horizonte, Brazil

PubMed Central

Coelho, Maria Cristina Ramos de Vasconcellos; Assunção, Ada Ávila; Belisário, Soraya Almeida

2009-01-01

Background The fundamental importance of human resources for the development of health care systems is recognized the world over. Health districts, which constitute the middle level of the municipal health care system in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, deal with demands from all parts of the system. This research seeks to provide the essential features required in order to understand the phenomenon of increase in precarity of employment in these health districts. Methods The legal and human resource management documents used by the Municipal Health Secretariat of the City of Belo Horizonte were adopted as the corpus for this research. In order to analyse the changes in employment (2002–2006), the data were collected from ArteRH, a computerized database dealing specifically with data related to human resources, which began operating in 2001. The workers were classified into permanent and non-permanent groups, and their contractual rights were described. Employment dynamics and changes were examined, concentrating on the incorporation of workers and on their social and employment rights during the period under study. The comparative data for the two groups obtained were presented in frequency distribution tables according to type of employment, sex, age group, level of education and wages from 2002 to 2006. Results There was a clear difference between the permanent worker and non-permanent worker groups as regards existing guaranteed employment rights and social security. The increase in the number of non-permanent workers in the workforce, the growing proportion of older workers among the permanently employed and the real wage reductions during the period from 2002 to 2006 are indicative of the process of growing precarity of employment in the group studied. Conclusion It is a plausible supposition that the demand for health reforms, along with the legal limits imposed on financial expenditure, gave rise to the new types of contract and the present employment situation in the health districts in Belo Horizonte. PMID:19594922

Employment and sociodemographic characteristics: a study of increasing precarity in the health districts of Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

PubMed

de Vasconcellos Coelho, Maria Cristina Ramos; Assunção, Ada Avila; Belisário, Soraya Almeida

2009-07-13

The fundamental importance of human resources for the development of health care systems is recognized the world over. Health districts, which constitute the middle level of the municipal health care system in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, deal with demands from all parts of the system. This research seeks to provide the essential features required in order to understand the phenomenon of increase in precarity of employment in these health districts. The legal and human resource management documents used by the Municipal Health Secretariat of the City of Belo Horizonte were adopted as the corpus for this research. In order to analyse the changes in employment (2002-2006), the data were collected from ArteRH, a computerized database dealing specifically with data related to human resources, which began operating in 2001. The workers were classified into permanent and non-permanent groups, and their contractual rights were described. Employment dynamics and changes were examined, concentrating on the incorporation of workers and on their social and employment rights during the period under study. The comparative data for the two groups obtained were presented in frequency distribution tables according to type of employment, sex, age group, level of education and wages from 2002 to 2006. There was a clear difference between the permanent worker and non-permanent worker groups as regards existing guaranteed employment rights and social security. The increase in the number of non-permanent workers in the workforce, the growing proportion of older workers among the permanently employed and the real wage reductions during the period from 2002 to 2006 are indicative of the process of growing precarity of employment in the group studied. It is a plausible supposition that the demand for health reforms, along with the legal limits imposed on financial expenditure, gave rise to the new types of contract and the present employment situation in the health districts in Belo Horizonte.

Definition of medical event is to be based on the total source strength for evaluation of permanent prostate brachytherapy: A report from the American Society for Radiation Oncology.

PubMed

Nag, Subir; Demanes, D Jeffrey; Hagan, Michael; Rivard, Mark J; Thomadsen, Bruce R; Welsh, James S; Williamson, Jeffrey F

2011-10-01

The Nuclear Regulatory Commission deems it to be a medical event (ME) if the total dose delivered differs from the prescribed dose by 20% or more. A dose-based definition of ME is not appropriate for permanent prostate brachytherapy as it generates too many spurious MEs and thereby creates unnecessary apprehension in patients, and ties up regulatory bodies and the licensees in unnecessary and burdensome investigations. A more suitable definition of ME is required for permanent prostate brachytherapy. The American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) formed a working group of experienced clinicians to review the literature, assess the validity of current regulations, and make specific recommendations about the definition of an ME in permanent prostate brachytherapy. The working group found that the current definition of ME in §35.3045 as "the total dose delivered differs from the prescribed dose by 20 percent or more" was not suitable for permanent prostate brachytherapy since the prostate volume (and hence the resultant calculated prostate dose) is dependent on the timing of the imaging, the imaging modality used, the observer variability in prostate contouring, the planning margins used, inadequacies of brachytherapy treatment planning systems to calculate tissue doses, and seed migration within and outside the prostate. If a dose-based definition for permanent implants is applied strictly, many properly executed implants would be improperly classified as an ME leading to a detrimental effect on brachytherapy. The working group found that a source strength-based criterion, of >20% of source strength prescribed in the post-procedure written directive being implanted outside the planning target volume is more appropriate for defining ME in permanent prostate brachytherapy. ASTRO recommends that the definition of ME for permanent prostate brachytherapy should not be dose based but should be based upon the source strength (air-kerma strength) administered.

Effect of a chlorhexidine/thymol and a fluoride varnish on caries development in erupting permanent molars: a comparative study.

PubMed

Flamee, S; Gizani, S; Caroni, C; Papagiannoulis, L; Twetman, S

2015-12-01

To compare the caries preventive effect of a chlorhexidine/thymol-containing antibacterial varnish with a fluoride varnish when topically applied during the eruption of permanent molars. The study group consisted of 189 patients, 5-14 years of age, with one 1st or 2nd permanent molar in the process of eruption. After stratification for type of molar and stage of eruption, the patients were randomised to either quarterly topical applications with an antibacterial varnish (Cervitec(®) Plus; CV group) or biannual applications with a fluoride varnish plus biannual treatments with placebo varnish (Fluor Protector; FV group). The duration of the study was 2 years. The primary endpoint was caries incidence (initial and cavitated) in the erupting molars and the secondary outcome was salivary mutans streptococci (MS) counts. The groups were balanced with respect to socio-economy, oral hygiene, dietary habits and caries experience at baseline. The dropout rate was 11.6 %. The caries incidence was low (< 10 %) in both groups and there was no significant difference between the CV and FV groups with respect to occlusal caries development in the erupting molars (relative risk 1.08, 95 % CI 0.94-1.25). Significantly lower levels of salivary MS were disclosed in the CV group at the end of the study (p < 0.05). No difference in occlusal caries development in young permanent molars was displayed after topical applications of either a chlorhexidine/thymol varnish or a fluoride varnish during tooth eruption.

Micro-computed tomographic analysis of progression of artificial enamel lesions in primary and permanent teeth after resin infiltration.

PubMed

Ozgul, Betul Memis; Orhan, Kaan; Oz, Firdevs Tulga

2015-09-01

We investigated inhibition of lesion progression in artificial enamel lesions. Lesions were created on primary and permanent anterior teeth (n = 10 each) and were divided randomly into two groups with two windows: Group 1 (window A: resin infiltration; window B: negative control) and Group 2 (window A: resin infiltration + fluoride varnish; window B: fluoride varnish). After pH cycling, micro-computed tomography was used to analyze progression of lesion depth and changes in mineral density. Resin infiltration and resin infiltration + fluoride varnish significantly inhibited progression of lesion depth in primary teeth (P < 0.05). Inhibition of lesion depth progression in permanent teeth was significantly greater after treatment with resin infiltration + fluoride varnish than in the negative control (P < 0.05). Change in mineral density was smaller in the resin infiltration and resin infiltration + fluoride varnish groups; however, the difference was not significant for either group (P > 0.05). Resin infiltration is a promising method of inhibiting progression of caries lesions.

The Effectiveness of Teacher Work between Permanent and Non-Permanent Teachers on the Implementation of School-Based Management in Muhammadiyah Metro Elementary School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Juhri, A. M.; Tri, Y. H.; Agus, S.

2017-01-01

The study aims to obtain empirical evidence of the differences in the effectiveness of work on several aspects, including preparing and planning learning activities, the implementation of public administration, responsibility, and task. The study was carried out between the two groups, which were permanent and nonpermanent teachers in Muhamamdiyah…

A comparison of the erosive potential of different beverages in primary and permanent teeth using an in vitro model.

PubMed

Lussi, A; Kohler, N; Zero, D; Schaffner, M; Megert, B

2000-04-01

The aim of this study was to compare the erosive potential of different beverages and foodstuffs in primary and permanent teeth. Sixty primary and 60 permanent human teeth were immersed for 3 min in the solution under study (5 teeth per treatment group). Surface microhardness was measured before and after exposure. Initial (baseline) surface microhardness was lower for primary teeth than for permanent teeth. In both primary and permanent teeth, Sprite showed the highest decrease in surface microhardness, whereas yogurt showed an increase in surface microhardness in the primary teeth. Overall decrease was 27.2 +/- 17.5 KHN (mean +/- SD) for primary and 25.9 +/- 15.6 KHN for permanent teeth. The comparison of the erosive susceptibility in this in vitro model showed that primary teeth were not more susceptible to erosion compared to permanent teeth.

Permanently Protecting Tenants at Foreclosure Act of 2013

THOMAS, 113th Congress

Sen. Blumenthal, Richard [D-CT

2013-11-21

Senate - 11/21/2013 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

30 CFR 828.1 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... PERFORMANCE STANDARDS SPECIAL PERMANENT PROGRAM PERFORMANCE STANDARDS-IN SITU PROCESSING § 828.1 Scope. This part sets forth special environmental protection performance, reclamation and design standards for in situ processing activities. [44 FR 15455, Mar. 13, 1979] ...

30 CFR 828.1 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... PERFORMANCE STANDARDS SPECIAL PERMANENT PROGRAM PERFORMANCE STANDARDS-IN SITU PROCESSING § 828.1 Scope. This part sets forth special environmental protection performance, reclamation and design standards for in situ processing activities. [44 FR 15455, Mar. 13, 1979] ...

30 CFR 828.1 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... PERFORMANCE STANDARDS SPECIAL PERMANENT PROGRAM PERFORMANCE STANDARDS-IN SITU PROCESSING § 828.1 Scope. This part sets forth special environmental protection performance, reclamation and design standards for in situ processing activities. [44 FR 15455, Mar. 13, 1979] ...

30 CFR 828.1 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... PERFORMANCE STANDARDS SPECIAL PERMANENT PROGRAM PERFORMANCE STANDARDS-IN SITU PROCESSING § 828.1 Scope. This part sets forth special environmental protection performance, reclamation and design standards for in situ processing activities. [44 FR 15455, Mar. 13, 1979] ...

A lunar construction shack vehicle: Final design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1988-01-01

A lunar construction shack vehicle is a critical component in most of the plans proposed for the construction of a permanent base on the moon. The Selene Engineering Company (SEC) has developed a concept for this vehicle which is both innovative and practical. The design makes use of the most advanced technology available to meet the goals for a safe, versatile and durable habitat that will serve as a starting point for the initial phase of the construction of a permanent lunar base. This document outlines SEC's proposed design for a lander vehicle which will be fully self-sufficient and will provide for all necessary life support, including consumables and radiation protection, needed by the construction crew until they can complete the assembly of a more permanent habitat. Since it is highly likely that it will take more than one crew to complete the construction of a permanent lunar base, the design emphasis is on systems which can be easily maintained and resupplied and which will take a minimum of start up preparation by succeeding crews.

Laboratory evaluation of borate/amine/zinc formulations for fungal decay protection

Treesearch

George C. Chen; Rebecca E. Ibach

2010-01-01

The goals of this study were to evaluate borate/amine/zinc formulations in wood for fungal decay protection as well as the permanence of zinc and boron in wood. Wood treated with each of four formulations of borate/amine/zinc prevented or decreased fungal degradation after a 12-week AWPA Standard soil-block test. For non-leached specimens, wood treated with borax/amine...

Method and system for controlling a permanent magnet machine during fault conditions

DOEpatents

Krefta, Ronald John; Walters, James E.; Gunawan, Fani S.

2004-05-25

Method and system for controlling a permanent magnet machine driven by an inverter is provided. The method allows for monitoring a signal indicative of a fault condition. The method further allows for generating during the fault condition a respective signal configured to maintain a field weakening current even though electrical power from an energy source is absent during said fault condition. The level of the maintained field-weakening current enables the machine to operate in a safe mode so that the inverter is protected from excess voltage.

Usefulness of Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest and Regional Cerebral Perfusion in Children

PubMed Central

Guo, Zheng; Hu, Ren-Jie; Zhu, De-Ming; Zhu, Zhong-Qun; Zhang, Hai-Bo

2013-01-01

To compare the safety and usefulness of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) and regional cerebral perfusion (RCP) during pediatric open heart surgery. Between January 1, 2004 and September 30, 2012, 1250 children with congenital cardiac defect underwent corrective operation with the DHCA or RCP technique in the Shanghai Children's Medical Center. Of them, 947 cases underwent the operation with the aid of DHCA (DHCA group), and 303 cases with RCP (RCP group). The mean DHCA time was 30.64±15.81 (7–63) minutes and mean RCP time was 36.18±12.86 (10–82) minutes. The mortality rate was 7.18% (68/947) and 6.60% (20/30) in two groups, respectively. The postoperative incidences of temporary and permanent neurological dysfunction were 6.23% (59/947) in the DHCA group and 2.64% (8/303) in the RCP group (p<0.01). The incidence of other complications such as low cardiac output, renal dysfunction, and lung issues are similar in both groups. RCP is a reliable technique for cerebral protection and it facilitates time-consuming corrected procedures for complex congenital cardiac defect repair procedures. PMID:24066266

Evaluation and Comparison of Changes in Microhardness of Primary and Permanent Enamel on Exposure to Acidic Center-filled Chewing Gum: An in vitro Study

PubMed Central

Muppa, Radhika; Srinivas, NCH; Kumar, Duddu Mahesh

2014-01-01

ABSTRACT Objectives: The study is to evaluate changes in microhardness of enamel after exposure to acidic center filled chewing gum on primary and permanent teeth. Methods: Thirty primary and 30 permanent molar extracted teeth were painted with acid resistant varnish except a small window over buccal surface. Teeth were divided into four groups according to type of teeth and type of chewing gum (Center fresh and Bubbaloo) (D1, P1, D2 and P2); each tooth was exposed to whole chewing gum mashed with 5 ml of artificial saliva for five minutes at room temperature twice a day for 5 days. After the exposure, teeth were stored in deionized water and submitted for microhardness tests. Results: Paired t-test and independent sample t-test were used for statistical analysis. A significant reduction in microhardness was found between exposed and unexposed areas in all groups. There was no statistically significant difference in reduction of microhardness to chewing gums, and between primary and permanent enamel. Conclusion: There is a definite reduction in microhardness in all groups exposed to chewing gums. Both the chewing gums are equally erosive; both permanent and primary teeth were affected. How to cite this article: Mudumba VL, Muppa R, Srinivas NCH, Kumar DM. Evaluation and Comparison of Changes in Microhardness of Primary and Permanent Enamel on Exposure to Acidic Center-filled Chewing Gum: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2014;7(1):24-29. PMID:25206233

ADIEM II end terminal for concrete barrier

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-03-01

On September 9, 1997, an ADIEM II (Advanced Dynamic Impact Extension Module) was installed on Interstate 5 near Salem, Oregon. The ADIEM II offered a redirecting, energy-absorbing crash cushion and end treatment for portable and permanent protection ...

Bird nesting and droppings control on highway structures.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-10-01

This report provides a comprehensive literature survey of permanent and temporary deterrents to nesting and roosting, a : discussion of risks to human health and safety from exposure to bird nests and droppings and recommended protective measures, : ...

Putting Children First

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-01-01

This document focuses on what has been and what still needs to be done to protect children from death or injury in transportation-related crashes. The following issues areas are examined: air bags and children, permanent child safety seat fitting sta...

An evaluation of microleakage of various glass ionomer based restorative materials in deciduous and permanent teeth: An in vitro study

PubMed Central

Singla, Teena; Pandit, I.K.; Srivastava, Nikhil; Gugnani, Neeraj; Gupta, Monika

2011-01-01

Aim To evaluate the microleakage of recently available glass ionomer based restorative materials (GC Fuji IX GP, GC Fuji VII, and Dyract) and compare their microleakage with the previously existing glass ionomer restorative materials (GC Fuji II LC) in primary and permanent teeth. Method One hundred and fifty (75 + 75) non-carious deciduous and permanent teeth were restored with glass ionomer based restorative materials after making class I cavities. Samples were subjected to thermocycling after storing in distilled water for 24 h. Two coats of nail polish were applied 1 mm short of restorative margins and samples sectioned buccolingually after storing in methylene blue dye for 24 h. Microleakage was assessed using stereomicroscope. Result Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found when inter group comparisons were done. Except when GC Fuji VII (Group III) was compared with GC Fuji II LC (Group II) and Dyract (Group IV), non-significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed. It was found that there was no statistically significant difference when the means of microleakage of primary teeth were compared with those of permanent teeth. Conclusions GC Fuji IX GP showed maximum microleakage and GC Fuji VII showed least microleakage. PMID:23960526

Assessment of White Spot Lesions and In-Vivo Evaluation of the Effect of CPP-ACP on White Spot Lesions in Permanent Molars of Children

PubMed Central

Munjal, Deepti; Garg, Shalini; Dhindsa, Abhishek; Sidhu, Gagandeep Kaur

2016-01-01

Introduction As hindrance of remineralisation process occurs during orthodontic therapy resulting in decalcification of enamel because number of plaque retention sites increases due to banding and bonding of appliances to teeth. Aim The present analytic study was undertaken to assess the occurrence of white spot lesions in permanent molars of children with and without orthodontic therapy and to evaluate the effect of Casein PhosphoPeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) on white spot lesions in post-orthodontic patients in a given period of time. Materials and Methods The study comprised of examination of 679 first permanent molars which were examined to assess the occurrence of smooth surface white spot lesions in children of 8 to 16 years age group. Group I comprised subjects without any orthodontic treatment and Group II comprised of subjects who had undergone orthodontic therapy. The sample size was calculated using the epi-info6 computer package. Treatment group included 20 post-orthodontic patients examined with at least one white spot lesion within the enamel who received remineralizing cream (GC Tooth Mousse, Recaldent, GC Corporation.) i.e., CPP–ACP cream two times a day for 12 consecutive weeks. Computerized image analysis method was taken to evaluate white spot lesions. These frequency and percentages were compared with chi-square test. For comparison of numeric data, paired t-test was used. Results Of the total 278 (49.6%) first permanent molars showed occurrence of smooth surface white spot lesions out of 560 in Group I and 107 (89.9%) first permanent molars showed presence of white spot lesions out of 119 debanded first permanent molars of children examined in Group II. CPP-ACP therapy group showed reduction in severity of codes which was found to be highly significant after 12 weeks and eight weeks on gingival-third, p-value (<0.001) and significant after eight weeks and four weeks on middle-third according to ICDAS II criteria and computerized image analysis. Conclusion CPP-ACP therapy minimum for 12 weeks is highly recommended as post-orthodontic treatment need in management of smooth surface white spot lesions on teeth undergoing fixed orthodontic therapy according to the present study. PMID:27437352

Elevated hair cortisol concentrations in recently fled asylum seekers in comparison to permanently settled immigrants and non-immigrants.

PubMed

Mewes, R; Reich, H; Skoluda, N; Seele, F; Nater, U M

2017-03-07

Recently fled asylum seekers generally live in stressful conditions. Their residency status is mostly insecure and, similar to other immigrants, they experience stress due to acculturation. Moreover, they often suffer from traumatization and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). All of these factors can result in chronic maladaptive biological stress responses in terms of hyper- or hypocortisolism and, ultimately, illness. We believe the current study is the first to compare hair cortisol concentration (HCC) of recently fled asylum seekers with PTSD to those without PTSD, and to compare HCC of asylum seekers to HCC of permanently settled immigrants and non-immigrant individuals. HCC of the previous 2 months was compared between 24 asylum seekers without PTSD, 32 asylum seekers with PTSD, 24 permanently settled healthy Turkish immigrants and 28 non-immigrant healthy Germans as the reference group. Statistical comparisons were controlled for age, sex and body mass index. No significant difference in HCC was found between asylum seekers with and without PTSD. However, the asylum seekers showed a 42% higher HCC than the reference group. In contrast, the permanently settled immigrants exhibited a 23% lower HCC than the reference group. We found relative hypercortisolism in recently fled asylum seekers, but no difference between persons with and without PTSD. These findings add to the very few studies investigating HCC in groups with recent traumatization and unsafe living conditions. Contrary to the findings in asylum seekers, permanently settled immigrants showed relative hypocortisolism. Both hyper- and hypocortisolism may set the stage for the development of stress-related illnesses.

Rotary Mtwo system versus manual K-file instruments: efficacy in preparing primary and permanent molar root canals.

PubMed

Azar, Mohammad-Reza; Mokhtare, Maziar

2011-01-01

To compare the cleaning ability and preparation time of rotary instruments (Mtwo) and conventional manual instruments (K-file) in preparing primary and permanent molar root canals. Access cavities were prepared in 70 primary and 70 permanent teeth and India ink was injected into 120 canals of selected molars. The teeth were randomly divided into two main subgroups (n=20) and three control groups (n=10). In each of these main subgroups, either the manual instrument (K-file) or the rotary system (Mtwo) was used to prepare root canals. After cleaning the canals and clearing the teeth, dye removal was evaluated with the help of a stereomicroscope. In addition, the time needed for root canal preparation was recorded by a chronometer. Statistical analyses were done using the Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and t tests. With regard to the cleaning ability of root canals, there were no significant differences between the K-file and Mtwo rotary system in primary and permanent teeth in the apical, middle or coronal third of the canals. Moreover, there were no significant differences between primary and permanent teeth prepared with K-files and rotary instruments. In all the groups, shorter times were recorded with the rotary technique. The working time was shorter in primary than in permanent teeth. The Mtwo rotary system showed acceptable cleaning ability in both primary and permanent teeth, and achieved results similar to those of K-files in less time.

Cohort profile: the Spanish WORKing life Social Security (WORKss) cohort study.

PubMed

López Gómez, María Andrée; Durán, Xavier; Zaballa, Elena; Sanchez-Niubo, Albert; Delclos, George L; Benavides, Fernando G

2016-03-07

The global economy is changing the labour market and social protection systems in Europe. The effect of both changes on health needs to be monitored in view of an ageing population and the resulting increase in prevalence of chronic health conditions. The Spanish WORKing life Social Security (WORKss) cohort study provides unique longitudinal data to study the impact of labour trajectories and employment conditions on health, in terms of sickness absence, permanent disability and death. The WORKss cohort originated from the Continuous Working Life Sample (CWLS) generated by the General Directorate for the Organization of the Social Security in Spain. The CWLS contains a 4% representative sample of all individuals in contact with the Social Security system. The WORKss cohort exclusively includes individuals with a labour trajectory from 1981 or later. In 2004, the cohort was initiated with 1,022 ,79 Social Security members: 840,770 (82.2%) contributors and 182,009 (17.8%) beneficiaries aged 16 and older. The WORKss cohort includes demographic characteristics, chronological data about employment history, retirement, permanent disability and death. These data make possible the measurement of incidence of permanent disability, the number of potential years of working life lost, and the number of contracts and inactive periods with the Social Security system. The WORKss cohort was linked to temporary sickness absence registries to study medical diagnoses that lead to permanent disability and consequently to an earlier exit from the labour market in unhealthy conditions. Thanks to its administrative source, the WORKss cohort study will continue follow-up in the coming years, keeping the representativeness of the Spanish population affiliated to the Social Security system. The linkage between the WORKss cohort and temporary sickness absence registries is envisioned to continue. Future plans include the linkage of the cohort with mortality registries. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

TOWARDS A NOVEL MODULAR ARCHITECTURE FOR CERN RADIATION MONITORING.

PubMed

Boukabache, Hamza; Pangallo, Michel; Ducos, Gael; Cardines, Nicola; Bellotta, Antonio; Toner, Ciarán; Perrin, Daniel; Forkel-Wirth, Doris

2017-04-01

The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) has the legal obligation to protect the public and the people working on its premises from any unjustified exposure to ionising radiation. In this context, radiation monitoring is one of the main concerns of the Radiation Protection Group. After 30 y of reliable service, the ARea CONtroller (ARCON) system is approaching the end of its lifecycle, which raises the need for new, more efficient radiation monitors with a high level of modularity to ensure better maintainability. Based on these two main principles, new detectors are currently being developed that will be capable of measuring very low dose rates down to 50 nSv h-1, whilst being able to measure radiation over an extensive range of 8 decades without any auto scaling. To reach these performances, CERN Radiation MOnitoring Electronics (CROME), the new generation of CERN radiation monitors, is based on the versatile architecture that includes new read-out electronics developed by the Instrumentation and Logistics section of the CERN Radiation Protection Group as well as a reconfigurable system on chip capable of performing complex processing calculations. Beside the capabilities of CROME to continuously measure the ambient dose rate, the system generates radiation alarms, provides interlock signals, drives alarm display units through a fieldbus and provides long-term, permanent and reliable data logging. The measurement tests performed during the first phase of the development show very promising results that pave the way to the second phase: the certification. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press.

TOWARDS A NOVEL MODULAR ARCHITECTURE FOR CERN RADIATION MONITORING

PubMed Central

Boukabache, Hamza; Pangallo, Michel; Ducos, Gael; Cardines, Nicola; Bellotta, Antonio; Toner, Ciarán; Perrin, Daniel; Forkel-Wirth, Doris

2017-01-01

Abstract The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) has the legal obligation to protect the public and the people working on its premises from any unjustified exposure to ionising radiation. In this context, radiation monitoring is one of the main concerns of the Radiation Protection Group. After 30 y of reliable service, the ARea CONtroller (ARCON) system is approaching the end of its lifecycle, which raises the need for new, more efficient radiation monitors with a high level of modularity to ensure better maintainability. Based on these two main principles, new detectors are currently being developed that will be capable of measuring very low dose rates down to 50 nSv h−1, whilst being able to measure radiation over an extensive range of 8 decades without any auto scaling. To reach these performances, CERN Radiation MOnitoring Electronics (CROME), the new generation of CERN radiation monitors, is based on the versatile architecture that includes new read-out electronics developed by the Instrumentation and Logistics section of the CERN Radiation Protection Group as well as a reconfigurable system on chip capable of performing complex processing calculations. Beside the capabilities of CROME to continuously measure the ambient dose rate, the system generates radiation alarms, provides interlock signals, drives alarm display units through a fieldbus and provides long-term, permanent and reliable data logging. The measurement tests performed during the first phase of the development show very promising results that pave the way to the second phase: the certification. PMID:27909154

Bearing design for flywheel energy storage using high-TC superconductors

DOEpatents

Hull, John R.; Mulcahy, Thomas M.

2000-01-01

A high temperature superconductor material bearing system (38) This system (38) includes a rotor (50) having a ring permanent magnet (60), a plurality of permanent magnets (16, 20 and 70) for interacting to generate levitation forces for the system (38). This group of magnets are a push/pull bearing (75). A high temperature superconductor structure (30) interacts with the ting permanent magnet (60) to provide stabilizing forces for the system (38).

Efficacy of low interatrial septum and right atrial appendage pacing for prevention of permanent atrial fibrillation in patients with sinus node disease: results from the electrophysiology-guided pacing site selection (EPASS) study.

PubMed

Verlato, Roberto; Botto, Giovanni Luca; Massa, Riccardo; Amellone, Claudia; Perucca, Antonello; Bongiorni, Maria Grazia; Bertaglia, Emanuele; Ziacchi, Vigilio; Piacenti, Marcello; Del Rosso, Attilio; Russo, Giovanni; Baccillieri, Maria Stella; Turrini, Pietro; Corbucci, Giorgio

2011-12-01

The role of pacing sites and atrial electrophysiology on the progression of atrial fibrillation (AF) to the permanent form in patients with sinus node dysfunction (SND) has never been investigated. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between atrial electrophysiology and the efficacy of atrial pacing at the low interatrial septum (IAS) or at the right atrial appendage (RAA) to prevent persistent/permanent AF in patients with SND. The Electrophysiology-Guided Pacing Site Selection (EPASS) Study was a prospective, controlled, randomized study. Atrial refractoriness, basal and incremental conduction times from the RAA to the coronary sinus ostium were measured before implantation, and the difference (ΔCTos) was calculated. Patients with ΔCTos ≥ 50 ms (study group) and those with ΔCTos <50 ms (control group) were randomly assigned to RAA or IAS with algorithms for continuous atrial stimulation "on." The primary end point was time to development of permanent or persistent AF within a 2-year follow-up in the study group, IAS versus RAA. Data were analyzed by intention to treat. One hundred two patients (77 ± 7 years, 44 mol/L) were enrolled, 69 (68%) in the study group and 33 (32%) in the control group. Of these, 97 ended the study, respectively, randomly assigned: 29 IAS versus 36 RAA and 18 IAS versus 14 RAA. After a mean follow-up of 15 ± 7 (median, 17) months, 11 (16.6%) patients in the study group met the primary end point: 2 IAS versus 9 RAA (log rank=3.93, P=0.047). In patients with SND and intra-atrial conduction delay, low IAS pacing was superior to RAA pacing in preventing progression to persistent or permanent AF. URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00239226.

Magnolol Reduces Glutamate-Induced Neuronal Excitotoxicity and Protects against Permanent Focal Cerebral Ischemia Up to 4 Hours

PubMed Central

Lee, E-Jian; Hung, Yu-Chang; Tai, Shih-Huang; Chen, Hung-Yi; Chen, Tsung-Ying; Wu, Tian-Shung

2012-01-01

Neuroprotective efficacy of magnolol, 5,5′-dially-2,2′-dihydroxydiphenyl, was investigated in a model of stroke and cultured neurons exposed to glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. Rats were subjected to permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). Magnolol or vehicle was administered intraperitoneally, at 1 hr pre-insult or 1–6 hrs post-insult. Brain infarction was measured upon sacrifice. Relative to controls, animals pre-treated with magnolol (50–200 mg/kg) had significant infarct volume reductions by 30.9–37.8% and improved neurobehavioral outcomes (P<0.05, respectively). Delayed treatment with magnolol (100 mg/kg) also protected against ischemic brain damage and improved neurobehavioral scores, even when administered up to 4 hrs post-insult (P<0.05, respectively). Additionally, magnolol (0.1 µM) effectively attenuated the rises of intracellular Ca2+ levels, [Ca2+](i), in cultured neurons exposed to glutamate. Consequently, magnolol (0.1–1 µM) significantly attenuated glutamate-induced cytotoxicity and cell swelling (P<0.05). Thus, magnolol offers neuroprotection against permanent focal cerebral ischemia with a therapeutic window of 4 hrs. This neuroprotection may be, partly, mediated by its ability to limit the glutamate-induced excitotoxicity. PMID:22808077

The Effectiveness of Group Logo Therapy on the Hope among the Leukemic Patients

PubMed Central

Ebrahimi, Nazila; Bahari, Farshad; Zare-Bahramabadi, Mehdi

2014-01-01

Background The present study has investigated the effectiveness of group logo therapy to increase the hope among the leukemic patients. Methods This research has composed of 80 leukemic patients who have referred to Golestan Hospital in 2012 fall, and then have responded to the Snyder’s Hope Scale, The research design has included pre - post - and follow up tests with a control group. First, both groups have responded to the pre-tests. Then the experimental group has received 10 sessions of counseling through group logo therapy; however, the control group has not received any specific training. Afterwards, both groups have undergone a post-test. After an interval of one month, follow-up tests have implemented in order to evaluate the permanency of the given tests .The SPSS software and covariance analysis tests have used in order to analyze the resulted tests data, and Cronbach alpha method has measured reliability coefficient. Results The research results have shown that logo therapy training might increase the hope of the leukemic patients (p<0.0001); moreover, permanency assessment of this study has shown the same result (p<0.0001). Conclusion Group logo therapy could be effective on the hope of the leukemic patients, and then this effect would be permanent. PMID:25250142

24 CFR 55.12 - Inapplicability of 24 CFR part 55 to certain categories of proposed actions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

..., wetland protection, park land, or open space; and (iii) A permanent covenant or comparable restriction is... activities (except for minor grubbing, clearing of debris, pruning, sodding, seeding, or other similar...

Adiem II end terminal for concrete barrier : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-03-01

On September 9, 1997, an ADIEM II (Advanced Dynamic Impact Extension Module) was installed on Interstate 5 near Salem, Oregon. The ADIEM II offered a redirecting, energy-absorbing crash cushion and end treatment for portable and permanent protection ...

ENGINEERING BULLETIN: SELECTION OF CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES FOR REMEDIATION OF LEAD BATTERY RECYCLING SITES

EPA Science Inventory

Section 121(b) of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, (CERCLA) mandates the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to select remedies that "utilize permanent solutions and alternative treatment technologies or resource recovery technologies ...

Sun protection

MedlinePlus

... age spots are caused by exposure to the sun. This is because the damage caused by the sun is permanent. ... The two types of sun rays that can injure the skin are ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB). UVA affects the deep layers of ...

The Impact of Exercise on the Vulnerability of Dopamine Neurons to Cell Death in Animal Models of Parkinson’s Disease

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-07-01

of the proteasome inhibitor, MG132, and that methamphetamine protected against 6-OHDA. We are now exploring the mechanism of this effect. 7...how much exercise is required, when must it occur, and how permanent are the effects; (3) if exercise also protects against the increased...toxin (Leak et al., 2004). This may be a general phenomenon, as we have also shown in the same cell line that 6-OHDA protected against the toxic effects

High Bacterial Diversity in Permanently Cold Marine Sediments

PubMed Central

Ravenschlag, Katrin; Sahm, Kerstin; Pernthaler, Jakob; Amann, Rudolf

1999-01-01

A 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) clone library from permanently cold marine sediments was established. Screening 353 clones by dot blot hybridization with group-specific oligonucleotide probes suggested a predominance of sequences related to bacteria of the sulfur cycle (43.4% potential sulfate reducers). Within this fraction, the major cluster (19.0%) was affiliated with Desulfotalea sp. and other closely related psychrophilic sulfate reducers isolated from the same habitat. The cloned sequences showed between 93 and 100% similarity to these bacteria. Two additional groups were frequently encountered: 13% of the clones were related to Desulfuromonas palmitatis, and a second group was affiliated with Myxobacteria spp. and Bdellovibrio spp. Many clones (18.1%) belonged to the γ subclass of the class Proteobacteria and were closest to symbiotic or free-living sulfur oxidizers. Probe target groups were further characterized by amplified rDNA restriction analysis to determine diversity within the groups and within the clone library. Rarefaction analysis suggested that the total diversity assessed by 16S rDNA analysis was very high in these permanently cold sediments and was only partially revealed by screening of 353 clones. PMID:10473405

Spoke permanent magnet machine with reduced torque ripple and method of manufacturing thereof

DOEpatents

Reddy, Patel Bhageerath; EL-Refaie, Ayman Mohamed Fawzi; Huh, Kum-Kang; Alexander, James Pellegrino

2016-03-15

An internal permanent magnet machine includes a rotor assembly having a shaft comprising a plurality of protrusions extending radially outward from a main shaft body and being formed circumferentially about the main shaft body and along an axial length of the main shaft body. A plurality of stacks of laminations are arranged circumferentially about the shaft to receive the plurality of protrusions therein, with each stack of laminations including a plurality of lamination groups arranged axially along a length of the shaft and with permanent magnets being disposed between the stacks of laminations. Each of the laminations includes a shaft protrusion cut formed therein to receive a respective shaft protrusion and, for each of the stacks of laminations, the shaft protrusion cuts formed in the laminations of a respective lamination group are angularly offset from the shaft protrusion cuts formed in the laminations in an adjacent lamination group.

Equivalent modeling of PMSG-based wind power plants considering LVRT capabilities: electromechanical transients in power systems.

PubMed

Ding, Ming; Zhu, Qianlong

2016-01-01

Hardware protection and control action are two kinds of low voltage ride-through technical proposals widely used in a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). This paper proposes an innovative clustering concept for the equivalent modeling of a PMSG-based wind power plant (WPP), in which the impacts of both the chopper protection and the coordinated control of active and reactive powers are taken into account. First, the post-fault DC link voltage is selected as a concentrated expression of unit parameters, incoming wind and electrical distance to a fault point to reflect the transient characteristics of PMSGs. Next, we provide an effective method for calculating the post-fault DC link voltage based on the pre-fault wind energy and the terminal voltage dip. Third, PMSGs are divided into groups by analyzing the calculated DC link voltages without any clustering algorithm. Finally, PMSGs of the same group are equivalent as one rescaled PMSG to realize the transient equivalent modeling of the PMSG-based WPP. Using the DIgSILENT PowerFactory simulation platform, the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed equivalent model are tested against the traditional equivalent WPP and the detailed WPP. The simulation results show the proposed equivalent model can be used to analyze the offline electromechanical transients in power systems.

Ectopic eruption of permanent incisors after predecessor pulpectomy: five cases.

PubMed

Tannure, Patricia Nivoloni; Fidalgo, Tatiana Kelly da Silva; Barcelos, Roberta; Gleiser, Rogerio; Primo, Laura Guimaraes

2011-01-01

Pulpectomy in primary teeth is a common technique that preserves teeth in the oral environment and maintains or recovers periapical tissues to a healthy condition. This article describes the ectopic eruption of permanent incisors whose primary predecessors underwent pulpectomy using ZOE filler paste. In a group of 135 teeth that received pulpectomy therapy due to caries, 10 primary maxillary incisors had overretention and were followed for at least 3.5 years (mean time of 4.2 years), both clinically and radiographically, until the permanent teeth erupted. The proposed treatment included extraction of the overretained primary incisors based on permanent successor eruption chronology and contralateral eruption. Seven permanent teeth erupted ectopically. Autocorrection of the permanent tooth positions was observed in five cases. It can be concluded that periodic clinical and radiographic assessments are essential to verify radicular and filling paste resorptions and to avoid overretention and any subsequent malocclusion.

Hearing loss and tinnitus in rock musicians: A Norwegian survey.

PubMed

Størmer, Carl Christian Lein; Laukli, Einar; Høydal, Erik Harry; Stenklev, Niels Christian

2015-01-01

Our focus in this study was to assess hearing thresholds and the prevalence and characteristics of tinnitus in a large group of rock musicians based in Norway. A further objective was to assess related factors such as exposure, instrument category, and the preventive effect of hearing protection. The study was a cross-sectional survey of rock musicians selected at random from a defined cohort of musicians. A random control group was included for comparison. We recruited 111 active musicians from the Oslo region, and a control group of 40 nonmusicians from the student population at the University of TromsØ. The subjects were investigated using clinical examination, pure tone audiometry, tympanometry, and a questionnaire. We observed a hearing loss in 37.8% of the rock musicians. Significantly poorer hearing thresholds were seen at most pure-tone frequencies in musicians than controls, with the most pronounced threshold shift at 6 kHz. The use of hearing protection, in particular custom-fitted earplugs, has a preventive effect but a minority of rock musicians apply them consistently. The degree of musical performance exposure was inversely related to the degree of hearing loss in our sample. Bass and guitar players had higher hearing thresholds than vocalists. We observed a 20% prevalence of chronic tinnitus but none of the affected musicians had severe tinnitus symptomatology. There was no statistical association between permanent tinnitus and hearing loss in our sample. We observed an increased prevalence of hearing loss and tinnitus in our sample of Norwegian rock musicians but the causal relationship between musical exposure and hearing loss or tinnitus is ambiguous. We recommend the use of hearing protection in rock musicians.

Hearing loss and tinnitus in rock musicians: A Norwegian survey

PubMed Central

Størmer, Carl Christian Lein; Laukli, Einar; Høydal, Erik Harry; Stenklev, Niels Christian

2015-01-01

Our focus in this study was to assess hearing thresholds and the prevalence and characteristics of tinnitus in a large group of rock musicians based in Norway. A further objective was to assess related factors such as exposure, instrument category, and the preventive effect of hearing protection. The study was a cross-sectional survey of rock musicians selected at random from a defined cohort of musicians. A random control group was included for comparison. We recruited 111 active musicians from the Oslo region, and a control group of 40 nonmusicians from the student population at the University of Tromsø. The subjects were investigated using clinical examination, pure tone audiometry, tympanometry, and a questionnaire. We observed a hearing loss in 37.8% of the rock musicians. Significantly poorer hearing thresholds were seen at most pure-tone frequencies in musicians than controls, with the most pronounced threshold shift at 6 kHz. The use of hearing protection, in particular custom-fitted earplugs, has a preventive effect but a minority of rock musicians apply them consistently. The degree of musical performance exposure was inversely related to the degree of hearing loss in our sample. Bass and guitar players had higher hearing thresholds than vocalists. We observed a 20% prevalence of chronic tinnitus but none of the affected musicians had severe tinnitus symptomatology. There was no statistical association between permanent tinnitus and hearing loss in our sample. We observed an increased prevalence of hearing loss and tinnitus in our sample of Norwegian rock musicians but the causal relationship between musical exposure and hearing loss or tinnitus is ambiguous. We recommend the use of hearing protection in rock musicians. PMID:26572701

Language ability in children with permanent hearing impairment: the influence of early management and family participation.

PubMed

Watkin, Peter; McCann, Donna; Law, Catherine; Mullee, Mark; Petrou, Stavros; Stevenson, Jim; Worsfold, Sarah; Yuen, Ho Ming; Kennedy, Colin

2007-09-01

The goal was to examine the relationships between management after confirmation, family participation, and speech and language outcomes in the same group of children with permanent childhood hearing impairment. Speech, oral language, and nonverbal abilities, expressed as z scores and adjusted in a regression model, and Family Participation Rating Scale scores were assessed at a mean age of 7.9 years for 120 children with bilateral permanent childhood hearing impairment from a 1992-1997 United Kingdom birth cohort. Ages at institution of management and hearing aid fitting were obtained retrospectively from case notes. Compared with children managed later (> 9 months), those managed early (< or = 9 months) had higher adjusted mean z scores for both receptive and expressive language, relative to nonverbal ability, but not for speech. Compared with children aided later, a smaller group of more-impaired children aided early did not have significantly higher scores for these outcomes. Family Participation Rating Scale scores showed significant positive correlations with language and speech intelligibility scores only for those with confirmation after 9 months and were highest for those with late confirmed, severe/profound, permanent childhood hearing impairment. Early management of permanent childhood hearing impairment results in improved language. Family participation is also an important factor in cases that are confirmed late, especially for children with severe or profound permanent childhood hearing impairment.

Effect of reducing acid etching time on bond strength to noncarious and caries-affected primary and permanent dentin.

PubMed

Scheffel, Débora Lopes Salles; Ricci, Hérica Adad; de Souza Costa, Carlos Alberto; Pashley, David Henry; Hebling, Josimeri

2013-01-01

The purpose was to evaluate the effect of acid etching time on the bond strength of a simplified etch-and-rinse adhesive system to noncarious and caries-affected dentin of primary and permanent teeth. Twenty-four extracted primary and permanent teeth were divided into three groups, according to the acid etching time. Four teeth from each group were exposed to a microbiological caries-inducing protocol. After caries removal, noncarious and caries-affected dentin surfaces were etched with 37 percent phosphoric acid for five, 10, or 15 seconds prior to the application of Prime & Bond NT adhesive. Crowns were restored with resin composite and prepared for microtensile testing. Data were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (α=0.05). Higher bond strengths were obtained for noncarious dentin vs. caries-affected dentin for both primary and permanent teeth. Reducing the acid etching time from 15 to five seconds did not affect the bond strength to caries-affected or noncarious dentin in primary teeth. For permanent teeth, lower bond strength values were observed when the noncarious dentin was etched for five seconds, while no difference was seen between 10 and 15 seconds. For Prime & Bond NT, the etching of dentin for five seconds could be recommended for primary teeth, while 10 seconds would be the minimum time for permanent teeth.

Adhesive coated electrical apparatus having sublimable protective covering and an assembly method

DOEpatents

Wootton, Roy E.

1982-01-01

Electrical apparatus including an enclosure, an electrode disposed within the enclosure, and supports for insulatably supporting the electrode within the enclosure has a permanently sticky adhesive material which is disposed on the interior surface of the outer enclosure. A high-vapor-pressure sublimable material is disposed on the permanently sticky adhesive material, with the sublimable material capable of subliming away in the presence of a vacuum. The presence of the sublimable material enables the apparatus to be non-sticky during assembly and handling operations, while being rendered sticky upon commissioning of the apparatus.

Method of making permanent magnets

DOEpatents

McCallum, R.W.; Dennis, K.W.; Lograsso, B.K.; Anderson, I.E.

1993-09-07

A method for making an isotropic permanent magnet comprises atomizing a melt of a rare earth-transition metal alloy (e.g., an Nd--Fe--B alloy enriched in Nd and B) under conditions to produce protectively coated, rapidly solidified, generally spherical alloy particles. Wherein a majority of the particles are produced/size classified within a given size fraction (e.g., 5 to 40 microns diameter) exhibiting optimum as-atomized magnetic properties and subjecting the particles to concurrent elevated temperature and elevated isotropic pressure for a time effective to yield a densified, magnetically isotropic magnet compact having enhanced magnetic properties and mechanical properties. 13 figures.

Method of making permanent magnets

DOEpatents

McCallum, R. William; Dennis, Kevin W.; Lograsso, Barbara K.; Anderson, Iver E.

1993-09-07

A method for making an isotropic permanent magnet comprises atomizing a melt of a rare earth-transition metal alloy (e.g., an Nd--Fe--B alloy enriched in Nd and B) under conditions to produce protectively coated, rapidly solidified, generally spherical alloy particles wherein a majority of the particles are produced/size classified within a given size fraction (e.g., 5 to 40 microns diameter) exhibiting optimum as-atomized magnetic properties and subjecting the particles to concurrent elevated temperature and elevated isotropic pressure for a time effective to yield a densified, magnetically isotropic magnet compact having enhanced magnetic properties and mechanical properties.

Evaluation of primary tooth enamel surface morphology and microhardness after Nd:YAG laser irradiation and APF gel treatment--an in vitro study.

PubMed

Banda, Naveen Reddy; Vanaja Reddy, G; Shashikiran, N D

2011-01-01

Laser irradiation and fluoride has been used as a preventive tool to combat dental caries in permanent teeth, but little has been done for primary teeth which are more prone to caries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate microhardness alterations in the primary tooth enamel after Nd-YAG laser irradiation alone and combined with topical fluoride treatment either before or after Nd-YAG laser irradiation. Ten primary molars were sectioned and assigned randomly to: control group, Nd-YAG laser irradiation, Nd-YAG lasing before APF and APF followed by Nd-YAG lasing. The groups were evaluated for microhardness. Surface morphological changes were observed using SEM. Statistical comparisons were performed. The control group's SEM showed a relatively smooth enamel surface and lasing group had fine cracks and porosities. In the lasing + fluoride group a homogenous confluent surface was seen. In the fluoride + lasing group an irregular contour with marked crack propagation was noted. There was a significant increase in the microhardness of the treatment groups. Nd-YAG laser irradiation and combined APF treatment of the primary tooth enamel gave morphologically hardened enamel surface which can be a protective barrier against a cariogenic attack.

CXCR4 expression is associated with time-course permanent and temporary myocardial infarction in rats.

PubMed

Kiani, Ali Asghar; Babaei, Fereshteh; Sedighi, Mehrnoosh; Soleimani, Azam; Ahmadi, Kolsum; Shahrokhi, Somayeh; Anbari, Khatereh; Nazari, Afshin

2017-06-01

Experimental myocardial infarction triggers secretion of Stromal cell-derived factor1 and lead to increase in the expression of its receptor "CXCR4" on the surface of various cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression pattern of CXCR4 in peripheral blood cells following time-course permanent and temporary ischemia in rats. Fourteen male Wistar rats were divided into two groups of seven and were placed under permanent and transient ischemia. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated at different time points, RNAs extracted and applied to qRT-PCR analysis of the CXCR4 gene. Based on repeated measures analysis of variance, the differences in the expression levels of the gene in each of the groups were statistically significant over time (the effect of time) ( P <0.001). Additionally, the difference in gene expression between the two groups was statistically significant (the effect of group), such that at all times, the expression levels of the gene were significantly higher in the permanent ischemia than in the transient ischemia group ( P <0.001). Moreover, the interactive effect of time-group on gene expression was statistically significant ( P <0.001). CXCR4 is modulated in an induced ischemia context implying a possible association with myocardial infarction. Checking of CXCR4 expression in the ischemic changes shows that damage to the heart tissue trigger the secretion of inflammatory chemokine SDF, Followed by it CXCR4 expression in blood cells. These observations suggest that changes in the expression of CXCR4 may be considered a valuable marker for monitoring myocardial infarction.

Development of the object permanence concept in cleft lip and palate and noncleft lip and palate infants.

PubMed

Pecyna, P M; Feeney-Giacoma, M E; Neiman, G S

1987-06-01

Studies of language acquisition in cleft lip and palate infants have not investigated the development of specific cognitive concepts, such as object permanence, which may be related to early linguistic skills. This study obtained comparative data on the development of the object permanence concept in cleft lip and palate and noncleft lip and palate infants to determine whether there were significant differences in rate or sequence of development. Infants were tested for the object permanence concept from 12 through 18 months of age. Results revealed significant improvement in all infants' scores with age, indicating progressive development of the concept. Further, while scores were not significantly different between the cleft lip and palate groups, scores for these groups were significantly better than scores for noncleft lip and palate infants. Superior performance of the cleft lip and palate infants may have resulted from increased environmental stimulation provided by their parents. Implications for intervention and future research in this area are presented.

Clinical Evaluation of Microhybrid Composite and Glass lonomer Restorative Material in Permanent Teeth.

PubMed

Kharma, Khalil; Zogheib, Tatiana; Bhandi, Shilpa; Mehanna, Carina

2018-02-01

The aim of this study was to clinically compare glass ionomer cement (GIC) with microhybrid composite resin used in class I cavities on permanent teeth over a period of 9 months. A total of 40 teeth with class I cavities were divided into two groups (n = 20) and restored with GIC (EQUIA; GC) and microhybrid resin composite (Amelogen Plus; Ultradent). Restorations were evaluated at ×4.5 magnification using the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria every 3 months. Statistical analysis was performed using the Fisher's exact test (a < 0.05). The data obtained reported no statistical significance difference between both groups in regard to anatomical shape, color, postoperative sensitivity, secondary caries, material handling, adaptation, and marginal staining. The results of this clinical study showed that GIC (EQUIA; GC) can be used for the restoration of permanent teeth and may be more appropriate for certain clinical situations than the resin composite material. EQUIA (GIC) is a viable alternative to resin composite in restoring class I cavities in permanent teeth.

Greener Protection for Steel Bridges : Testing Nano-Enhanced Corrosion-Resistant Coatings

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-06-03

Permanent deformation within the unbound granular is a predominant feature that results in the degradation and loss of serviceability to the pavement structure as the passage of traffic wheel loads accumulate. Proper characterization of the multi-lay...

BIOREMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED SURFACE SOILS

EPA Science Inventory

Biological remediation of soils contaminated with organic chemicals is an alternative treatment technology that can often meet the goal of achieving a permanent clean-up remedy at hazardous waste sites, as encouraged by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) for impl...

75 FR 38757 - Periodic Reporting Exceptions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-06

... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION 39 CFR 3055 [Docket No. RM2010-11; Order No. 481] Periodic Reporting...-permanent exceptions to certain rules on periodic reporting of service performance measurement. DATES... 202-789-6820 or [email protected] . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Table of Contents I...

30 CFR 824.1 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Scope. 824.1 Section 824.1 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PERMANENT PROGRAM... part sets forth special environmental protection performance, reclamation, and design standards for...

29 CFR 1918.97 - First aid and lifesaving facilities. (See appendix V of this part).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... in permanent locations shall be mounted to prevent damage and be protected from the elements if located out-of-doors. If concealed from view, enclosures shall be marked to indicate the location of the...

Systems, strategies, and interventions for sustainable long-term care and protection of children with a history of living outside of family care.

PubMed

Fluke, John D; Goldman, Philip S; Shriberg, Janet; Hillis, Susan D; Yun, Katherine; Allison, Susannah; Light, Enid

2012-10-01

This article reviews the available evidence regarding the efficacy, effectiveness, ethics, and sustainability of approaches to strengthen systems to care for and protect children living outside family care in low- and middle-income countries. For trafficked children, children of and on the street, children of conflict/disaster, and institutionalized children, a systems framework approach was used to organize the topic of sustainable approaches in low- and middle-income countries and addresses the following: legislation, policies, and regulations; system structures and functions (formal and informal); and continuum of care and services. The article draws on the findings of a focal group convened by the U.S. Government Evidence Summit: Protecting Children Outside of Family Care (December 12-13, 2011, Washington, DC), tasked with reviewing the literature on systems, strategies, and interventions for sustainable long-term care and protection of children with a history of living outside of family care in low- and middle-income country contexts. The specific methodology for the review is described in the commentary paper (Higgs, Zlidar, & Balster, 2012) that accompanies these papers. For the most part, the evidence base in support of sustainable long-term care for the populations of interest is relatively weak, with some stronger but unreplicated studies. Some populations have been studied more thoroughly than others, and there are many gaps. Most of the existing studies identify population characteristics, needs, and consequences of a lack of systemic services to promote family-like care. There is some evidence of the effectiveness of laws and policies, as well as some evidence of service effectiveness, in improving outcomes for children outside of family care. Despite the weaknesses and gaps of the existing research, there is a foundation of research for going forward, which should focus on developing and implementing systems for these most vulnerable children. The evidence reviewed indicates that child protection systems should aim for appropriate, permanent family care (including reunification, adoption, kinship care, or kafalah) for children in order to secure the best environment for a child's developmental prospects. Evidence also suggests that the quality and duration of care, including both permanent family care and alternative care, are important regardless of setting. The diversity of political, socioeconomic, historical, regional, community, and cultural contexts in which child protection systems operate need to be taken into account during programming and research design. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Low pacemaker incidence with continuous-sutured valves: a retrospective analysis.

PubMed

Niclauss, Lars; Delay, Dominique; Pfister, Raymond; Colombier, Sebastien; Kirsch, Matthias; Prêtre, René

2017-06-01

Background Permanent pacemaker implantation after surgical aortic valve replacement depends on patient selection and risk factors for conduction disorders. We aimed to identify risk criteria and obtain a selected group comparable to patients assigned to transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Methods Isolated sutured aortic valve replacements in 994 patients treated from 2007 to 2015 were reviewed. Demographics, hospital stay, preexisting conduction disorders, surgical technique, and etiology in patients with and without permanent pacemaker implantation were compared. Reported outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation were compared with those of a subgroup including only degenerative valve disease and first redo. Results The incidence of permanent pacemaker implantation was 2.9%. Longer hospital stay ( p = 0.01), preexisting rhythm disorders ( p < 0.001), complex prosthetic endocarditis ( p = 0.01), and complex redo ( p < 0.001) were associated with permanent pacemaker implantation. Although prostheses were sutured with continuous monofilament in the majority of cases (86%), interrupted pledgetted sutures were used more often in the pacemaker group ( p = 0.002). In the subgroup analysis, the incidence of permanent pacemaker implantation was 2%; preexisting rhythm disorders and the suture technique were still major risk factors. Conclusion Permanent pacemaker implantation depends on etiology, preexisting rhythm disorders, and suture technique, and the 2% incidence compares favorably with the reported 5- to 10-fold higher incidence after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Cost analysis should take this into account. Often dismissed as minor complication, permanent pacemaker implantation increases the risks of endocarditis, impaired myocardial recovery, and higher mortality if associated with prosthesis regurgitation.

Zero-fluoroscopy permanent pacemaker implantation using Ensite NavX system: Clinical viability or fanciful technique?

PubMed

Guo, Ping; Qiu, Jie; Wang, Yan; Chen, Guangzhi; Proietti, Riccardo; Fadhle, Al-Selmi; Zhao, Chunxia; Wen Wang, Dao

2018-02-01

Fluoroscopy is the imaging modality routinely used for cardiac device implantation and electrophysiological procedures. Due to the rising concern regarding the harmful effects of radiation exposure to both the patients and operation staffs, novel 3D mapping systems have been developed and implemented in electrophysiological procedure for the navigation of catheters inside the heart chambers. Their applicability in cardiac device implantation has been rarely reported. Our aim is to evaluate the feasibility and safety of permanent pacemaker implantation without fluoroscopy. From January 2012 to June 2016, six patients (50 ± 15 years, four of six were female, one of who was at the 25th week of gestation) who underwent permanent pacemaker implantation were included (zero-fluoroscopy group). Data from 20 consecutive cases of implantation performed under fluoroscopy guidance were chosen as a control group (fluoroscopy group). Total implantation procedure time for single-chamber pacemaker was 51.3 ± 13.1 minutes in the zero-fluoroscopy group and 42.6 ± 7.4 minutes in the fluoroscopy group (P  =  0.155). The implantation procedural time for a dual-chamber pacemaker was 88.3 ± 19.6 minutes and 67.3 ± 7.6 minutes in the zero-fluoroscopy and fluoroscopy groups (P  =  0.013), respectively. No complications were observed during the procedure and the follow-up in the two groups, and all pacemakers worked with satisfactory parameters. Ensite NavX system can be used as a reliable and safe zero-fluoroscopy approach for the implantation of single- or dual-chamber permanent pacemakers in specific patients, such as pregnant women or in extreme situations when the x-ray machine is not available. © 2017 The Authors. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Use of Oral Chroma™ in the assessment of volatile sulfur compounds in patients with fixed protheses.

PubMed

Sinjari, B; Murmura, G; Caputi, S; Ricci, L; Varvara, G; Scarano, A

2013-01-01

Prosthetic rehabilitation improves the patient's quality of life and oral health. The purpose of the present study was to assess the production of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) using Oral Chroma™ in patients wearing provisional and permanent fixed prosthesis, who were treated or not, with supportive non-surgical periodontal therapy. A total of 10 healthy patients not affected by periodontal disease and who needed the restoration of at least two edentulous single sites were included in the present study. Registrations of VSCs were carried out with a Gas Chromatograph OralChroma™ (Oral Chroma™, Abimedical, Abilit Corp., Osaka, Japan) one month after placement of the provisional restoration (group 1) and one month after placement of the final restoration (group 3). After each measurement, professional oral hygiene was carried out both on patients with provisional (group 2) and permanent prostheses (group 4) and VSC values were registered. The results showed that there were no statistical significant differences in the VSC quantity between groups with temporary or permanent prostheses. Meanwhile, statistically significant differences were found in VCS values between groups before and after the professional health care session (p less than 0.05). Also it was observed that dimethyl sulphide (CH3)2S was present in all the study groups. The present preliminary study suggests that OralChroma™ produce a comprehensive assessment of VSC in the clinical diagnosis of halitosis and that professional oral hygiene seems to influence VSC production. However, further clinical long-term studies with a larger sample size are necessary for a better understanding of halitosis manifestation in patients wearing provisional and permanent fixed prosthesis.

Association between Chewing Side Preference and Dental Caries among Deciduous, Mixed and Permanent Dentition.

PubMed

Nayak, Ullal Anand; Sharma, Reena; Kashyap, Nilotpol; Prajapati, Deepesh; Kappadi, Damodar; Wadhwa, Saakshe; Gandotra, Shina; Yadav, Poonam

2016-09-01

Chewing Side Preference (CSP) is said to occur when mastication is recognized exclusively/consistently or predominantly on the same side of the jaw. It can be assessed by using the direct method - visual observation and indirect methods by electric programs, such as cinematography, kinetography and computerized electromyography. The present study was aimed at evaluating the prevalence of CSP in deciduous, mixed and permanent dentitions and relating its association with dental caries. In a cross-sectional observational study, 240 school going children aged 3 to 18years were randomly allocated to three experimental groups according to the deciduous dentition, mixed dentition and permanent dentition period. The existence of a CSP was determined using a direct method by asking the children to chew on a piece of gum (trident sugarless). The Mann Whitney U-test was used to compare the CSP and also among the boys and girls. The Spearman's Correlation Coefficient was used to correlate CSP and dental caries among the three study groups and also among the groups. CSP was observed in 69%, 83% and 76% of children with primary, mixed and permanent dentition respectively (p>0.05). There was no statistically significant association between the presence of CSP and dental caries among the three study groups. There was a weak or no correlation between gender and distribution of CSP and between presence of CSP and dental caries.

[Waist-hip ratio and perioperative bleeding in patients who underwent radical prostatectomy].

PubMed

León-Ramírez, Víctor; Santiago-López, Janaí; Reyes-Rivera, Juan Gabriel; Miguel-Soto, Edgar

2016-01-01

Radical prostatectomy is associated with perioperative bleeding and multiple transfusions. Abdominal obesity is a perioperative risk factor. We suggest that the adipocytes have a protective effect in oncological patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. The aim was to evaluate the effect of waist-hip ratio (WHR) on the amount of bleeding and perioperative transfusion requirements in oncological patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. We performed a cohort study in 156 patients. We had two groups: the control group (WHR<0.95) and the problem group (WHR≥0.95). Blood loss and fractions transfused during surgery and in the postoperative period were recorded. In the analysis of variables, for descriptive statistics we used measures of central tendency and dispersion. Inferential statistics was obtained by chi square, Student's t test, Mann-Whitney U and ANOVA. A p<0.05 was significant. We found significant differences in weight, body mass index, waist, WHR, perioperative bleeding, fractions transfused, permanence of the catheter, and hospital days. Patients who underwent radical prostatectomy with a WHR≥0.95 had a magnitude of perioperative bleeding and transfusion requirements with a WHR<0.95.

[Comparative study of PTFE grafts in forearm vs cuffed permanent catheters].

PubMed

Moyano, M J; Salgueira, M; Aresté, N; Escalera, B; del Toro, N; Jiménez-Víbora, E; Martínez-Puerto, A I; Molas, J R; Palma, A

2006-01-01

As is universally accepted the best form of permanent vascular access for haemodialysis is the native arteriovenous fistula. A second and third options are the politetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) AV grafts and the cuffed, tunneled, internal catheters. The overall performance and complications of catheters is clearly inferior to AV fistula. There are not many studies that compare permanent catheters to grafts in terms of functionality, survival and complications. We analyzed 81 vascular accesses carried out from october 99 to december 03 in 59 patients and during a follow-up period of 35 months. Two groups were considered. Group 1, catheters (n 42) and group 2, grafts (n 39). Clinical aspects, comorbidity index (Wright and Kanh), dialysis dose and complications and survival of the access were registered. Both groups were similar in age, sex, time on haemodialysis, number of previous accesses and hospitalization days. Cardiovascular morbidity and comorbidity index were significantly higher in patients with catheter. While blood flow during dialysis was higher in grafts both groups showed no significant differences in parameters of efficacy of dialysis (Kt/V, TAC BUN and PCRn). Serum albumin was lower in patients with catheter. The number of accesses that failed was higher in the graft group being thrombosis the main complication followed by infection. Kaplan-Meier curves showed better accumulated survival of permanent catheters versus grafts (61,4% vs 9,8% at 35 months). The most frequent complication of catheter was infection while in the case of grafts it was thrombosis followed by infection. Although they were placed in patients with higher comorbidity, cuffed, tunneled catheters showed less number of complications and better survival than PTFE grafts in our patients in haemodialysis. The main cause of failure of both vascular access was thrombosis followed by infection. The dose of dialysis obtained was no different in both groups. Cuffed, tunneled permanent catheters are a very interesting option in a number of patients in haemodialysis and they can be an option to consider in those patients with vascular difficulties and higher comorbidities.

Is oral immunotherapy the cure for food allergies?

PubMed

Nowak-Wegrzyn, Anna; Fiocchi, Alessandro

2010-06-01

To review current evidence on food oral immunotherapy (OIT). Desensitized state, defined as the ingestion of a substantial amount of food in the home diet that protects from severe reactions to accidental exposures, can be achieved by approximately 50-75% of the children treated with OIT. The rate of permanent tolerance is unknown; the longer duration of OIT may result in permanent tolerance. Side effects are common both during the initial dose escalation and during home dosing. Most reactions are mild (oral pruritus, abdominal discomfort, and rashes) and decrease in frequency with the longer duration of OIT. Severe reactions treated with epinephrine have been reported during home dosing. Factors associated with increased risk of reactions to previously tolerated doses during home dosing include exercise, viral infection, dosing on empty stomach, menses, and asthma exacerbation. These preliminary data on OIT are encouraging. Additional studies must answer multiple questions including optimal dose, ideal duration of oral/sublingual immunotherapy, degree of protection, efficacy for different ages, severity and type of food allergy responsive to treatment and need for patient protection during home administration. Until these questions are answered in rigorous multicenter randomized and placebo-controlled trials, OIT remains an experimental approach with not sufficiently well established risk-to-benefit ratio.

Architecture of security management unit for safe hosting of multiple agents

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gilmont, Tanguy; Legat, Jean-Didier; Quisquater, Jean-Jacques

1999-04-01

In such growing areas as remote applications in large public networks, electronic commerce, digital signature, intellectual property and copyright protection, and even operating system extensibility, the hardware security level offered by existing processors is insufficient. They lack protection mechanisms that prevent the user from tampering critical data owned by those applications. Some devices make exception, but have not enough processing power nor enough memory to stand up to such applications (e.g. smart cards). This paper proposes an architecture of secure processor, in which the classical memory management unit is extended into a new security management unit. It allows ciphered code execution and ciphered data processing. An internal permanent memory can store cipher keys and critical data for several client agents simultaneously. The ordinary supervisor privilege scheme is replaced by a privilege inheritance mechanism that is more suited to operating system extensibility. The result is a secure processor that has hardware support for extensible multitask operating systems, and can be used for both general applications and critical applications needing strong protection. The security management unit and the internal permanent memory can be added to an existing CPU core without loss of performance, and do not require it to be modified.

Microbiological Evaluation of Ozone on Dentinal Lesions in Young Permanent Molars using the Stepwise Excavation.

PubMed

Safwat, Osama; Elkateb, Mona; Dowidar, Karin; Salam, Hala Abdel; El Meligy, Omar

To assess the microbial effect of ozone gas on dentinal lesions in young permanent molars using the stepwise excavation. An experimental, controlled clinical trial was performed. The sample included 80 immature first permanent molars, showing deep occlusal carious cavities that were indicated for stepwise excavation. Following first step of dentin excavation, the sample was divided into test (ozone gas) and control (calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ) base material) groups. One half of the cases in each group were evaluated for microbiological changes after 6 months, and the other half after 12 months. Mutans streptococci (MS), Lactobacilli, and Candida counts were significantly reduced immediately after ozone application in the test group (P ≤0.05). At the final assessment period, MS and Lactobacilli were significantly reduced in the test group (P ≤0.05). Meanwhile, the Candida counts were significantly reduced only in the test group of the 6 and 12 month-cases (P ≤0.05). Regarding the control group, the significant reduction in microbial count was observed with MS after 6 and 12 months (P ≤0.05). No significant differences were observed between test and control groups at different evaluation periods (P >0.05). Ozone gas had a significant antimicrobial effect in deep class I carious lesions.

75 FR 18482 - Stanford University Habitat Conservation Plan

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-12

... includes the federally listed as threatened California tiger salamander (Ambystoma californiense... preserved as needed. A 315-acre ``California Tiger Salamander Reserve'' also would be established at the... habitat within the Reserve would be permanently protected to offset any loss of tiger salamander habitat...

10 CFR 820.61 - Secretarial officer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... environment, safety and health matters shall exercise this authority with respect to provisions relating to radiological protection of workers, the public and the environment. This authority may not be further delegated. ... Safety Requirement relates may grant a temporary or permanent exemption from that requirement as...

10 CFR 820.61 - Secretarial officer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... environment, safety and health matters shall exercise this authority with respect to provisions relating to radiological protection of workers, the public and the environment. This authority may not be further delegated. ... Safety Requirement relates may grant a temporary or permanent exemption from that requirement as...

10 CFR 820.61 - Secretarial officer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... environment, safety and health matters shall exercise this authority with respect to provisions relating to radiological protection of workers, the public and the environment. This authority may not be further delegated. ... Safety Requirement relates may grant a temporary or permanent exemption from that requirement as...

10 CFR 820.61 - Secretarial officer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... environment, safety and health matters shall exercise this authority with respect to provisions relating to radiological protection of workers, the public and the environment. This authority may not be further delegated. ... Safety Requirement relates may grant a temporary or permanent exemption from that requirement as...

10 CFR 820.61 - Secretarial officer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... environment, safety and health matters shall exercise this authority with respect to provisions relating to radiological protection of workers, the public and the environment. This authority may not be further delegated. ... Safety Requirement relates may grant a temporary or permanent exemption from that requirement as...

30 CFR 828.1 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Scope. 828.1 Section 828.1 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR PERMANENT PROGRAM... part sets forth special environmental protection performance, reclamation and design standards for in...

32 CFR 989.25 - Base closure and realignment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS PROCESS (EIAP) § 989.25 Base closure and realignment. Base closure or realignment may entail special requirements for environmental analysis. The permanent base closure... frequently contain provisions limiting the extent of environmental analysis required for actions taken under...

32 CFR 989.25 - Base closure and realignment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS PROCESS (EIAP) § 989.25 Base closure and realignment. Base closure or realignment may entail special requirements for environmental analysis. The permanent base closure... frequently contain provisions limiting the extent of environmental analysis required for actions taken under...

Unstimulated salivary flow, pH, proteins and oral health in patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.

PubMed

Kobus, Agnieszka; Kierklo, Anna; Zalewska, Anna; Kuźmiuk, Anna; Szajda, Sławomir Dariusz; Ławicki, Sławomir; Bagińska, Joanna

2017-06-02

There have been inconsistent conclusions regarding salivary abnormalities and their effect on oral health of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) patients. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the flow rate and selected biochemical parameters of unstimulated whole saliva in correlation to oral health in JIA children. Thirty-four JIA patients and 34 age- and sex-matched controls not affected by JIA (C) were divided into two groups: with mixed and permanent dentition. DMFT/dmft, gingival and simplified oral hygiene indices were evaluated. Salivary flow rate, pH, lysozyme, lactoferrin, salivary protein concentrations and peroxidase activity were assessed. The salivary flow rate was significantly lower in the total JIA group (0.41 ml/min) as compared with the C (0.51 ml/min) and in the permanent dentition of JIA children (0.43 ml/min) as compared with the C (0.61 ml/min). A significantly lower pH was observed in total (6.74), mixed (6.7) and permanent (6.76) dentition of JIA groups in comparison to the C (7.25, 7.21, 7.28 respectively). The specific activity of peroxidase was significantly higher in JIA patients (total 112.72 IU/l, mixed dentition 112.98 IU/l, permanent dentition 112.5 IU/l) than in the C group (total 70.03 IU/l, mixed dentition 71.83 IU/l, permanent dentition 68.61 IU/l). The lysozyme concentration in JIA patients (total and permanent dentition groups) was significantly higher than in the C group. There were no significant differences in lactoferrin and salivary protein concentrations. There were no statistically significant differences in oral status between JIA patients and C, respectively: DMFT = 5.71, dmft = 3.73, OHI-S = 0.95, GI = 0.25 and DMFT 5.71, dmft = 3.73, OHI-S = 0.85, GI = 0.24. The specific activity of peroxidase in the unstimulated whole saliva was inversely correlated with the GI index, whereas the salivary lysozyme concentration was inversely correlated with the dmft index in JIA patients. In the course of JIA occur a reduction of the resting salivary flow rate and a decrease of saliva pH. In spite of this, no differences in the clinical oral status between the JIA children population and the control group were found. The mobilisation of salivary peroxidase and lysozyme contributes to the maintenance of healthy oral tissues.

Severe unexpected adverse effects after permanent eye makeup and their management by Q-switched Nd:YAG laser

PubMed Central

Goldman, Alberto; Wollina, Uwe

2014-01-01

Permanent makeup is a cosmetic tattoo that is used to enhance one’s appearance, and which has become more popular among middle-aged and elderly women. A couple of benefits seem to be associated with permanent tattoos in the elderly: saving time (wake up with makeup); poor eyesight (difficult to apply makeup); and saving money. On the other hand, cosmetic tattoos bear the same risks as other tattoo procedures. We report on fading and unintended hyperpigmentation after tattooing on eyebrows and eyelids, and discuss the scientific and anatomical background behind the possible cause. Dermatochalasis may be a possible risk factor for excessive unwanted discolorations. Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser is an appropriate and safe therapeutic tool that can manage such adverse effects. Consumer protection warrants better information and education of the risks of cosmetic tattoos – in particular, for elderly women. PMID:25143716

Severe unexpected adverse effects after permanent eye makeup and their management by Q-switched Nd:YAG laser.

PubMed

Goldman, Alberto; Wollina, Uwe

2014-01-01

Permanent makeup is a cosmetic tattoo that is used to enhance one's appearance, and which has become more popular among middle-aged and elderly women. A couple of benefits seem to be associated with permanent tattoos in the elderly: saving time (wake up with makeup); poor eyesight (difficult to apply makeup); and saving money. On the other hand, cosmetic tattoos bear the same risks as other tattoo procedures. We report on fading and unintended hyperpigmentation after tattooing on eyebrows and eyelids, and discuss the scientific and anatomical background behind the possible cause. Dermatochalasis may be a possible risk factor for excessive unwanted discolorations. Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser is an appropriate and safe therapeutic tool that can manage such adverse effects. Consumer protection warrants better information and education of the risks of cosmetic tattoos - in particular, for elderly women.

Globalization causes a world of health problems.

PubMed

Abell, H

1998-01-01

Many countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean offer substantial tax breaks to foreign corporations that set up shops in free-trade zones and waive environmental regulations and repress trade unions to further induce this practice. Workers in these shops--mainly women--perform repetitive machine-based motions, are exposed to toxic chemicals and unsafe equipment, and face dangerously high production quotas. Health problems caused by these working conditions include headache and dizziness, fatigue, anemia, forgetfulness, stomach pains, respiratory problems, hypertension, heart disease, and allergies. Water and air pollution and dumping of hazardous waste affect the health of entire communities. Since free-trade zones are a permanent feature of the global economy, organizing to protect workers and communities assumes critical importance. Groups such as the Border Committee of Women Workers in Mexico are providing workers with skills and support to make demands such as better treatment of pregnant workers. International labor, environmental, and public health advocates can support such efforts by providing assistance to worker-controlled organizations and pressuring governments to enforce laws intended to protect workers and their communities.

Development of the Object Permanence Concept in Cleft Lip and Palate and Noncleft Lip and Palate Infants.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pecyna, Paula M.; And Others

1987-01-01

The development of the concept of object permanence was investigated with eight infants with cleft lip/palate and four nonimpaired infants. Superior performance of the cleft lip/palate group was found, possibly due to increased environmental stimulation provided by parents. (DB)

20 CFR 416.1866 - Deciding whether you are a child: Are you the head of a household?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... household. You are the head of a household if you have left your parental home on a permanent basis and you...-campus housing), that group is not a household. Each person who has left the parental home on a permanent...

20 CFR 416.1866 - Deciding whether you are a child: Are you the head of a household?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... household. You are the head of a household if you have left your parental home on a permanent basis and you...-campus housing), that group is not a household. Each person who has left the parental home on a permanent...

20 CFR 416.1866 - Deciding whether you are a child: Are you the head of a household?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... household. You are the head of a household if you have left your parental home on a permanent basis and you...-campus housing), that group is not a household. Each person who has left the parental home on a permanent...

The Risk of Neurological Dysfunctions after Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest with Retrograde Cerebral Perfusion.

PubMed

Gatti, Giuseppe; Benussi, Bernardo; Currò, Placido; Forti, Gabriella; Rauber, Elisabetta; Minati, Alessandro; Gabrielli, Marco; Tognolli, Umberto; Sinagra, Gianfranco; Pappalardo, Aniello

2017-12-01

Retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP) is a brain protection technique that is adopted generally for anticipated short periods of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). However, the real impact of this technique on cerebral protection during DHCA remains a controversial issue. For 344 (59.5%) of 578 consecutive patients (mean age, 66.9 ± 10.9 years) who underwent cardiovascular surgery under DHCA at the present authors' institution (1999-2015), RCP was the sole technique of cerebral protection that was adopted in addition to deep hypothermia. Surgery of the thoracic aorta was performed in 95.9% of these RCP patients; in 92 cases there was an aortic arch involvement. Outcomes were reviewed retrospectively. The focus was on postoperative neurological dysfunctions. There were 33 (9.6%) in-hospital deaths. Thirty-one (9%) patients had permanent neurological dysfunctions and 66 (19.1%) transitory neurological dysfunctions alone. Age older than 74 years (odds ratio [OR], 1.88, P = .023), surgery for acute aortic dissection (OR, 2.57; P = .0009), and DHCA time longer than 25 minutes (OR, 2.44; P = .0021) were predictors of neurological dysfunctions. The 10-year nonparametric estimate of freedom from all-cause death was 61.8% (95% confidence interval, 57.8%-65.8%). Permanent postoperative neurological dysfunctions were risk factors for cardiac or cerebrovascular death (hazard ratio, 2.6; P = .039) even after an adjusted survival analysis (P < .04). According to the study findings, RCP, in addition to deep hypothermia, combines with a low risk of neurological dysfunctions provided that DHCA length is 25 minutes or less. Permanent postoperative neurological dysfunctions are predictors of poor late survival. Copyright © 2017 National Stroke Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Innovative 3D Textile Structures for Soft Body Armor Protection: The EPIDARM Project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maillet, Jérôme; Lefebvre, Marie; Boussu, François; Pirlot, Marc

There is a real need for battlefield soldiers to be protected from ­ballistic and CBRNE threats and also to be in permanent contact and localization with the logistic support of the commander. Ballistic, CBRNE and tactical jackets are currently three different components, developed separately and worn on top of each other. One of the EPIDARM project's targets is to propose a personal protection demonstration for the optimal system configuration in order to reduce the cost and weight while improving protection. The systems approach used for the EPIDARM program considers the protective system inside its environment (threat, the wearer - generic soldier, task and climates). The latest emergent technologies in ballistic and CBRN protection, ergonomic effectiveness and financial cost are considered and help to select final solutions.

Attitudes toward noise, perceived hearing symptoms, and reported use of hearing protection among college students: Influence of youth culture

PubMed Central

Balanay, Jo Anne G.; Kearney, Gregory D.

2015-01-01

The purpose of this study was to assess the attitude toward noise, perceived hearing symptoms, noisy activities that were participated in, and factors associated with hearing protection use among college students. A 44-item online survey was completed by 2,151 college students (aged 17 years and above) to assess the attitudes toward noise, perceived hearing symptoms related to noise exposure, and use of hearing protection around noisy activities. Among the participants, 39.6% experienced at least one hearing symptom, with ear pain as the most frequently reported (22.5%). About 80% of the participants were involved in at least one noise activity, out of which 41% reported the use of hearing protection. A large majority of those with ear pain, hearing loss, permanent tinnitus, and noise sensitivity was involved in attending a sporting event, which was the most reported noisy activity. The highest reported hearing protection use was in the use of firearms, and the lowest in discos/ dances. The reported use of hearing protection is associated with having at least one hearing symptom but the relationship is stronger with tinnitus, hearing loss, and ear pain (χ2 = 30.5-43.5, P < 0.01) as compared to noise sensitivity (χ2 = 3.8, P = 0.03); it is also associated with anti-noise attitudes, particularly in youth social events. Universities and colleges have important roles in protecting young adults’ hearing by integrating hearing conservation topic in the college curriculum, promoting hearing health by student health services, involving student groups in noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) awareness and prevention, and establishing noise level limitations for all on-campus events. PMID:26572699

Attitudes toward noise, perceived hearing symptoms, and reported use of hearing protection among college students: Influence of youth culture.

PubMed

Balanay, Jo Anne G; Kearney, Gregory D

2015-01-01

The purpose of this study was to assess the attitude toward noise, perceived hearing symptoms, noisy activities that were participated in, and factors associated with hearing protection use among college students. A 44-item online survey was completed by 2,151 college students (aged 17 years and above) to assess the attitudes toward noise, perceived hearing symptoms related to noise exposure, and use of hearing protection around noisy activities. Among the participants, 39.6% experienced at least one hearing symptom, with ear pain as the most frequently reported (22.5%). About 80% of the participants were involved in at least one noise activity, out of which 41% reported the use of hearing protection. A large majority of those with ear pain, hearing loss, permanent tinnitus, and noise sensitivity was involved in attending a sporting event, which was the most reported noisy activity. The highest reported hearing protection use was in the use of firearms, and the lowest in discos/ dances. The reported use of hearing protection is associated with having at least one hearing symptom but the relationship is stronger with tinnitus, hearing loss, and ear pain (χ² = 30.5-43.5, P< 0.01) as compared to noise sensitivity (χ² = 3.8, P= 0.03); it is also associated with anti-noise attitudes, particularly in youth social events. Universities and colleges have important roles in protecting young adults' hearing by integrating hearing conservation topic in the college curriculum, promoting hearing health by student health services, involving student groups in noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) awareness and prevention, and establishing noise level limitations for all on-campus events.

The Spillover of US Immigration Policy on Citizens and Permanent Residents of Mexican Descent: How Internalizing "Illegality" Impacts Public Health in the Borderlands.

PubMed

Sabo, Samantha; Lee, Alison Elizabeth

2015-01-01

The militarization of the US-Mexico border region exacerbates the process of "Othering" Latino immigrants - as "illegal aliens." The internalization of "illegality" can manifest as a sense of "undeservingness" of legal protection in the population and be detrimental on a biopsychological level. We explore the impacts of "illegality" among a population of US citizen and permanent resident farmworkers of Mexican descent. We do so through the lens of immigration enforcement-related stress and the ability to file formal complaints of discrimination and mistreatment perpetrated by local immigration enforcement agents, including local police authorized to enforce immigration law. Drawing from cross-sectional data gathered through the National Institute of Occupation Safety and Health, "Challenges to Farmworker Health at the US-Mexico Border" study, a community-based participatory research project conducted at the Arizona-Sonora border, we compared Arizona resident farmworkers (N = 349) to Mexico-based farmworkers (N = 140) or Transnational farmworkers who cross the US-Mexico border daily or weekly to work in US agriculture. Both samples of farmworkers experience significant levels of stress in anticipation of encounters with immigration officials. Fear was cited as the greatest factor preventing individuals from reporting immigration abuses. The groups varied slightly in the relative weight attributed to different types of fear. The militarization of the border has consequences for individuals who are not the target of immigration enforcement. These spillover effects cause harm to farmworkers in multiple ways. Multi-institutional and community-centered systems for reporting immigration-related victimization is required. Applied participatory research with affected communities can mitigate the public health effects of state-sponsored immigration discrimination and violence among US citizen and permanent residents.

The influence of premature loss of temporary upper molars on permanent molars.

PubMed

Cernei, E R; Maxim, Dana Cristiana; Zetu, Irina Nicoleta

2015-01-01

Premature loss of primary molars due to dental caries and their complications has been associated with space loss and eruptive difficulties, especially when the loss occurs early. The aim of our study was to determine the impact of premature loss of temporary upper molars upon the longitudinal axis of the first and second upper permanent molar. The study group included 64 patients 6-9 years old with premature loss of primary molars and a control group of 48 patients with intact temporary teeth. It was evaluated the angle between longitudinal axis of first and second upper permanent molars and occlusal plane. The sofware used is Easy Dent 4 Viewer®.The data were analyzed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 20.0; SPSS, Chicago, III). It was observed that premature loss of upper second deciduous molars modifies greater the vertical axis of the permanent molars than the premature loss of first upper primary molar. First upper primary molar loss cause an acceleration eruption of first premolar, which will produce a distal inclintion of the both permanent molars. The use of space maintainers after premature loss of the second upper temporary molar is a last solution in preventing tridimensional lesions in the dental arch and occlusion.

Platts-Van Hollen Whistleblower Protection Enhancement Act of 2011

THOMAS, 112th Congress

Rep. Issa, Darrell E. [R-CA-49

2011-11-01

House - 10/01/2012 Committee on Intelligence (Permanent) discharged. (All Actions) Notes: For further action, see S.743, which became Public Law 112-199 on 11/27/2012. Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Teeth eruption in children with normal occlusion and malocclusion.

PubMed

Legović, Mario; Legović, Asja; Slaj, Martina; Mestrović, Senka; Lapter-Varga, Marina; Slaj, Mladen

2008-06-01

The aim of this study was to assess the differences in eruption of permanent teeth (C, P1, P2 and M2) in a group of children with and without malocclusion. A sample of 1758 children (921 boys and 837 girls), aged 8-13 was randomly selected. The subjects were grouped by chronological age (11 groups) and by presence of malocclusion. Statistically significant differences were found for both, upper and lower canines in the age group 11 (p<0.01). Statistically significant difference was found in the age group 8.5 for upper first (p<0.05), upper second premolars (p<0.01) in the age group 10, and the lower second premolars in the age group 11 (p<0.05). Premature loss of deciduous teeth caused early eruption of succedaneus permanent teeth, possibly leading to development of a malocclusion.

Split-mouth and parallel-arm trials to compare pain with intraosseous anaesthesia delivered by the computerised Quicksleeper system and conventional infiltration anaesthesia in paediatric oral healthcare: protocol for a randomised controlled trial

PubMed Central

Smaïl-Faugeron, Violaine; Muller-Bolla, Michèle; Sixou, Jean-Louis; Courson, Frédéric

2015-01-01

Introduction Local anaesthesia is commonly used in paediatric oral healthcare. Infiltration anaesthesia is the most frequently used, but recent developments in anaesthesia techniques have introduced an alternative: intraosseous anaesthesia. We propose to perform a split-mouth and parallel-arm multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing the pain caused by the insertion of the needle for the injection of conventional infiltration anaesthesia, and intraosseous anaesthesia by the computerised QuickSleeper system, in children and adolescents. Methods and analysis Inclusion criteria are patients 7–15 years old with at least 2 first permanent molars belonging to the same dental arch (for the split-mouth RCT) or with a first permanent molar (for the parallel-arm RCT) requiring conservative or endodontic treatment limited to pulpotomy. The setting of this study is the Department of Paediatric Dentistry at 3 University dental hospitals in France. The primary outcome measure will be pain reported by the patient on a visual analogue scale concerning the insertion of the needle and the injection/infiltration. Secondary outcomes are latency, need for additional anaesthesia during the treatment and pain felt during the treatment. We will use a computer-generated permuted-block randomisation sequence for allocation to anaesthesia groups. The random sequences will be stratified by centre (and by dental arch for the parallel-arm RCT). Only participants will be blinded to group assignment. Data will be analysed by the intent-to-treat principle. In all, 160 patients will be included (30 in the split-mouth RCT, 130 in the parallel-arm RCT). Ethics and dissemination This protocol has been approved by the French ethics committee for the protection of people (Comité de Protection des Personnes, Ile de France I) and will be conducted in full accordance with accepted ethical principles. Findings will be reported in scientific publications and at research conferences, and in project summary papers for participants. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02084433. PMID:26163031

Dental anomalies in primary dentition and their corresponding permanent teeth.

PubMed

Gomes, R R; Fonseca, J A C; Paula, L M; Acevedo, A C; Mestrinho, H D

2014-05-01

The objectives of this paper are to estimate the prevalence of dental anomalies in primary dentition in a sample of 2- to 5-year-old Brazilian preschool children, determine their distribution, and investigate their occurrence in the succedaneous teeth of the sample compared with a control group of children with no dental anomalies in the primary dentition. The one-stage sample comprised 1,718 two to five-year-old children with fully erupted primary dentition clinically examined for dental anomalies. All children presenting dental anomalies underwent panoramic radiographs. Descriptive statistics were performed for the studied variables. A control group matched by sex and age was studied to compare the prevalence ratio for dental anomalies in the permanent dentition. The prevalence of dental anomalies in the primary dentition was 1.8 %, with no significant statistical difference between sexes. Double teeth were the most frequently observed. Dental anomalies on the succedaneous permanent teeth were diagnosed in 54.8 % of the children with affected primary dentition. The prevalence ratio (PR) for dental anomalies in the succedaneous permanent teeth was 17.1 (confidence interval (CI) 5.33-54.12) higher compared with the control group, higher in children with bilateral anomalies (PR = 31.2, CI 10.18-94.36). An association between anomalies of the permanent dentition and the presence of dental anomalies in primary teeth was observed, especially when they occur bilaterally. The results in the present study have a clinical relevance in the diagnosis of children with dental anomalies in primary dentition. Early identification of these anomalies can aid the dentist in planning dental treatment at the appropriate time.

Overview of NORM and activities by a NORM licensed permanent decontamination and waste processing facility

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mirro, G.A.

1997-02-01

This paper presents an overview of issues related to handling NORM materials, and provides a description of a facility designed for the processing of NORM contaminated equipment. With regard to handling NORM materials the author discusses sources of NORM, problems, regulations and disposal options, potential hazards, safety equipment, and issues related to personnel protection. For the facility, the author discusses: description of the permanent facility; the operations of the facility; the license it has for handling specific radioactive material; operating and safety procedures; decontamination facilities on site; NORM waste processing capabilities; and offsite NORM services which are available.

Association between Chewing Side Preference and Dental Caries among Deciduous, Mixed and Permanent Dentition

PubMed Central

Sharma, Reena; Kashyap, Nilotpol; Prajapati, Deepesh; Kappadi, Damodar; Wadhwa, Saakshe; Gandotra, Shina; Yadav, Poonam

2016-01-01

Introduction Chewing Side Preference (CSP) is said to occur when mastication is recognized exclusively/consistently or predominantly on the same side of the jaw. It can be assessed by using the direct method - visual observation and indirect methods by electric programs, such as cinematography, kinetography and computerized electromyography. Aim The present study was aimed at evaluating the prevalence of CSP in deciduous, mixed and permanent dentitions and relating its association with dental caries. Materials and Methods In a cross-sectional observational study, 240 school going children aged 3 to 18years were randomly allocated to three experimental groups according to the deciduous dentition, mixed dentition and permanent dentition period. The existence of a CSP was determined using a direct method by asking the children to chew on a piece of gum (trident sugarless). The Mann Whitney U-test was used to compare the CSP and also among the boys and girls. The Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient was used to correlate CSP and dental caries among the three study groups and also among the groups. Results CSP was observed in 69%, 83% and 76% of children with primary, mixed and permanent dentition respectively (p>0.05). There was no statistically significant association between the presence of CSP and dental caries among the three study groups. Conclusion There was a weak or no correlation between gender and distribution of CSP and between presence of CSP and dental caries. PMID:27790569

A Grass-Roots Endeavor To Develop a Permanent University Program for Vision Professionals: The North Carolina Model.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walker, Brad R.; Bozeman, Laura A.

2002-01-01

This article describes a collaborative process that parents, teachers, consumers, and advocacy groups in North Carolina used to successfully establish a permanently funded university training program specializing in visual impairments, the Visual Impairment Training Program. Within this process several factors were identified that contributed to…

A Multidimensional Scaling Approach to Developmental Dimensions in Object Permanence and Tracking Stimuli.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Townes-Rosenwein, Linda

This paper discusses a longitudinal, exploratory study of developmental dimensions related to object permanence theory and explains how multidimensional scaling techniques can be used to identify developmental dimensions. Eighty infants, randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups and one of four counterbalanced orders of stimuli, were…

Dairy farming on permanent grassland: can it keep up?

PubMed

Kellermann, M; Salhofer, K

2014-10-01

Based on an extensive data set for southern Germany, we compared the productive performance of dairy farms that operate solely on permanent grassland and dairy farms using fodder crops from arable land. We allowed for heterogeneous production technologies and identified more intensive and extensive production systems for both types of farms, whereby we based our notion of intensive versus extensive dairy production on differences in stocking density and milk yield per cow and year. To be able to compare the productivity levels and productivity developments of the various groups of farms, we developed a group- and chain-linked multilateral productivity index. We also analyzed how technical change, technical efficiency change, and a scale change effect contribute to productivity growth between the years 2000 and 2008. Our results revealed that permanent grassland farms can generally keep up with fodder-crop farms, even in an intensive production setting. However, extensively operating farms, especially those on permanent grassland, significantly lag behind in productivity and productivity change and run the risk of losing ground. Copyright © 2014 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

AXIAL MODIFICATIONS OF PERMANENT LOWER MOLARS AFTER PREMATURE LOSSES OF TEMPORARY MOLARS.

PubMed

Cernei, E R; Mavru, R B; Zetu, Irina Nicoleta

2016-01-01

The aim of our study was to determine the impact of premature loss of temporary lower molars upon the longitudinal axis of the first and second permanent molars. The study groups included 61 patients, 6-9 year olds with premature loss of primary molars and a control group of 24 patients with intact temporary teeth. We evaluated the angle between longitudinal axis of first and second lower permanent molars and occlusal plane. It was observed that premature loss of lower second deciduous molar modifies more the vertical axis of first and second permanent molars than the premature loss of first lower primary molar. Reducing space occurs mainly through mesial inclination of molars that separates the edentulous breach. Temporary loss of both lower first molars on the same quadrant causes an accelerated eruption of both premolars increasing the prevalence of eruption sequence: "4-5-3-7". The preservation of the occlusal morpho-functional complex using space maintainers mainly when the premature loss of the second primary molars occurs is the best interceptive treatment option.

40 CFR 230.43 - Vegetated shallows.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Vegetated shallows. 230.43 Section 230... Special Aquatic Sites § 230.43 Vegetated shallows. (a) Vegetated shallows are permanently inundated areas... reducing light penetration and hence photosynthesis; and (5) changing the capacity of a vegetated shallow...

40 CFR 265.309 - Surveying and recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Surveying and recordkeeping. 265.309... DISPOSAL FACILITIES Landfills § 265.309 Surveying and recordkeeping. The owner or operator of a landfill... location and dimensions, including depth, of each cell with respect to permanently surveyed benchmarks; and...

40 CFR 265.309 - Surveying and recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Surveying and recordkeeping. 265.309... DISPOSAL FACILITIES Landfills § 265.309 Surveying and recordkeeping. The owner or operator of a landfill... location and dimensions, including depth, of each cell with respect to permanently surveyed benchmarks; and...

40 CFR 265.309 - Surveying and recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Surveying and recordkeeping. 265.309... DISPOSAL FACILITIES Landfills § 265.309 Surveying and recordkeeping. The owner or operator of a landfill... location and dimensions, including depth, of each cell with respect to permanently surveyed benchmarks; and...

40 CFR 265.309 - Surveying and recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 27 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Surveying and recordkeeping. 265.309... DISPOSAL FACILITIES Landfills § 265.309 Surveying and recordkeeping. The owner or operator of a landfill... location and dimensions, including depth, of each cell with respect to permanently surveyed benchmarks; and...

Stormwater harvesting using retention and in-line pipes for treatment consistent with the new statewide stormwater rule : [research summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-05-01

Detention (periodically dry) and retention : (permanently wet) ponds are common in Florida. : Since the 1970s, stormwater management has : been required for development in Florida in order : to protect the states waters. Ponds collect runoff from ...

MERCURY CONTROL TECHNOLOGY--A REVIEW

EPA Science Inventory

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has promulgated the Clean Air Mercury Rule (CAMR) to permanently cap and reduce mercury emissions in the U.S. This rule makes the U.S. the first country in the world to regulate mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants. The first p...

32 CFR 989.25 - Base closure and realignment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Base closure and realignment. 989.25 Section 989... PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS PROCESS (EIAP) § 989.25 Base closure and realignment. Base closure or realignment may entail special requirements for environmental analysis. The permanent base closure...

32 CFR 989.25 - Base closure and realignment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Base closure and realignment. 989.25 Section 989... PROTECTION ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS PROCESS (EIAP) § 989.25 Base closure and realignment. Base closure or realignment may entail special requirements for environmental analysis. The permanent base closure...

Urbanization Affects the Extent and Hydrologic Permanence of Headwater Streams in a Midwestern US Metropolitan Area

EPA Science Inventory

Headwater streams dominate natural landscapes and provide essential functions for downstream waters. However, because of minimal legal protection, they often are piped or buried to accommodate urban growth. Urbanization also alters stream base flows. The combined impact of these ...

RCT of a Mentoring and Skills Group Program: Placement and Permanency Outcomes for Foster Youth

PubMed Central

Culhane, Sara E.; Garrido, Edward; Knudtson, Michael D.

2012-01-01

OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of a mentoring and skills group intervention for preadolescent children in foster care on placement stability and permanence at 1-year postintervention. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 9- to 11-year-old children who were maltreated and placed in foster care (n = 54 control; n = 56 intervention). State child welfare records provided information on number of placement changes, placement in residential treatment, and case closure (ie, permanency). Rates of adoption and reunification were also examined. Analysis was by intention to treat. RESULTS: After controlling for baseline functioning and preintervention placement history, intervention youth were 71% less likely to be placed in residential treatment (odds ratio [OR] = 0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.09–0.98). There were no significant treatment differences in predicting placement changes or permanency for the total sample. Among a subsample of children living in nonrelative foster care at baseline, intervention youth had 44% fewer placement changes (incidence ratio = 0.56, 95% CI 0.34–0.93), were 82% less likely to be placed in a residential treatment center (OR = 0.18, 95% CI 0.03–0.96), and were 5 times more likely to have attained permanency at 1 year postintervention (OR = 5.14, 95% CI 1.55–17.07). More intervention youth had reunified 1-year postintervention [χ2(1, N = 78) = 3.99; P < .05], and the pattern of findings suggested that intervention youth had higher rates of adoption. A significant interaction [χ2(1, N = 110) = 5.43; P = .02] demonstrated that the intervention attenuated the impact of baseline behavior problems on placement changes. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that participation in a 9-month mentoring and skills group intervention leads to greater placement stability and permanence, especially for children in nonrelative foster care. PMID:22689870

Relationship between the maxillary transverse dimension and palatally displaced canines: A cone-beam computed tomographic study.

PubMed

Hong, Wei-Hsin; Radfar, Rebecca; Chung, Chun-Hsi

2015-05-01

To examine the relationship between palatally displaced maxillary canines (PDC) and the maxillary transverse dimension using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Thirty-three patients (11 males and 22 females, mean age 18.2 years) with PDC were matched to 66 patients (22 males and 44 females, mean age 18.1 years) without PDC (control) by gender, age, and posterior occlusion. A CBCT image was taken on all the patients prior to any orthodontic treatment. For each patient the maxillary basal bone widths and interdental widths at the maxillary first molars and first and second premolars were measured on axial and coronal sections of CBCT images. In addition, the presence of permanent tooth agenesis and the widths of maxillary incisors were recorded. Similar maxillary transverse dimensions, both skeletally and dentally, were found between the PDC and control groups. In the PDC group, the number of patients with permanent tooth agenesis was six times higher than in the control group. In addition, the maxillary lateral incisors on PDC-affected sides were smaller than those of control group (P < .05). The maxillary transverse dimension, both skeletally and dentally, had no effect on the occurrence of PDC. The higher prevalence of permanent tooth agenesis was found in the PDC group. Moreover, the mean mesiodistal width of maxillary lateral incisors in the PDC group was significantly smaller than in the control group (P < .05).

Supportive Communication to Facilitate Chinese Patients' Adaptation to a Permanent Colostomy: A Qualitative Case Study Approach.

PubMed

Tao, Hui; Songwathana, Praneed; Isaramalai, Sang-Arun; Wang, Qingxi

2016-01-01

This study, which is a part of action research, aims to explore how supportive communication can impact individuals' adaptation to a permanent colostomy in a Chinese cultural context. Two Chinese rectal cancer patients with complexity and difficulty in living with a permanent colostomy were selected using a qualitative case study approach. The researcher (H.T.) interacted with the participants along their journey from the preoperative period until the third postoperative month after discharge via face-to-face or telephone interviews. Content analysis was applied. Supportive communication was characterized by "communication as a supportive tool," which consisted of 4 elements: respect, description, empathy, and empowerment. The nursing strategies included (1) developing a collaborative relationship with patients and families; (2) understanding patients' concerns and problems; (3) discussing potential solutions; (4) encouraging patients to take action; (5) bringing out emotional expression; (6) normalizing negative emotions; and (7) protecting hope. The findings of this study informed that supportive communication is a valuable tool for nurses to provide informational and emotional support to Chinese patients in order to enhance their adaptation to living with a permanent colostomy. Developing an operational manual to enhance supportive communication for patients with colostomy is suggested.

Lunar Underground Mining and Construction : A Terrestrial Vision enabling Space Exploration and Commerce

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baiden, Greg; Grenier, Louis; Blair, Brad

As the Space Shuttle, Candarm and Space Station near their useful extended lives before the end of this decade, the question "What will be the next frontier for humans and robots to explore and how will we get there?" needs to be considered. Several countries are planning their next take on the exploration of the solar system. The moon is still a viable destination for several countries for two main reasons: the recent discovery of water improves the prospects of a basic infrastructure capability that would enable future commercial interests to drive the impetus to deploy profitable operations in the near future. The commercial appeal to establish a permanent lunar base should rise in this decade with the prospect of using natural resources available, in particular recently found water. The ability to break water into hydrogen and oxygen for providing the main necessities of life, rocket fuel and air to breathe make this permanent base feasible. Furthermore, several significant environmental issues will force this permanent base underground. These issues include lunar radiation, solar flares, temperature extremes and micro-meteorites. Lunar radiation alone will force this move to rock shielding protection of astronauts as at least 10 metres of rock cover will be required to protect human, animals and plants. As early as 1959 the placecountry-regionUS army considered a permanent underground base on the moon. While the original underground idea has merit space pioneers have strayed from this sensible safe concept. Furthermore, advances in proven telerobotic min-ing technology for terrestrial purposes can provide the opportunity for the commercial interests and perhaps government space programs to consider the concept, design, build and implement an underground lunar habitat and a mining and processing operation from basic infrastructure to commercial deployment of profitable operations. This paper discusses a Canadian concept behind a permanent manned outpost on the moon. The discussion includes the need for an underground outpost, how it might be constructed and the terrestrial technologies that can enable this base to made and used to mine on the moon.

Etiological evaluation of primary congenital hypothyroidism cases.

PubMed

Bezen, Diğdem; Dilek, Emine; Torun, Neşe; Tütüncüler, Filiz

2017-06-01

Primary congenital hypothyroidism is frequently seen endocrine disorder and one of the preventable cause of mental retardation. Aim of study was to evaluate the frequency of permanent/transient hypothyrodism, and to detect underlying reason to identfy any marker which carries potential to discriminate permanent/transient form. Forty eight cases older than 3 years of age, diagnosed as primary congenital hypothyroidism and started thyroxin therapy in newborn-period, and followed up between January 2007-June 2013 were included in the study. Thyroid hormon levels were evaluated and thyroid ultrasonography was performed in cases who are at the end of their 3 years of age, after 6 weeks of thyroxine free period. Thyroid sintigraphy was performed if serum thyroid-stimulating hormone was high (≥ 5 mIU/mL) and perchlorate discharge test was performed if uptake was normal or increased on sintigraphy. Cases with thyroid-stimulating hormone levels ≥ 5 mIU/mL were defined as permanent primary congenital hypothyroidism group and as transient primary congenital hypothyroidism group with normal thyroid hormones during 6 months. The mean age was 3.8±0.7 years. Mean diagnosis age was 16.6±6.5 days and 14 cases (29.2%) were diagnosed by screening program of Ministry of Health. There were 23 cases (14F, 9M) in permanent primary congenital hypothyroidism group and 12 (52.2%) of them were dysgenesis (8 hypoplasia, 4 ectopia), and 11 (47.8%) dyshormonogenesis. In transient primary congenital hypothyroidism group, there were 25 cases (17M, 8F). The mean thyroid-stimulating hormone levels at diagnosis were similar in two groups. The mean thyroxin dose in permanent primary congenital hypothyroidism group was significantly higher than transient group at the time of thyroxin cessation (2.1±0.7, 1.5±0.5 mg/kg/d, respectively, p=0.004). Thyroxin dose ≥1.6 mcg/kg/d was 72% sensitive and 69.6% specific for predicting permenant primary congenital hypothyroidism. Transient primary congenital hypothyroidism is more frequent than expected and found often in males in the primary congenital hypothyroidism cases, started thyroxin therapy in neonatal period. While fT4, thyroid-stimulating hormone, Tg levels at diagnosis do not predict transient/permenant primary congenital hypothyroidism, thyroxin dose before the therapy cessation at the age of 3 may make the distinction between transient/permenant primary congenital hypothyroidism.

Parametric correlation functions to model the structure of permanent environmental (co)variances in milk yield random regression models.

PubMed

Bignardi, A B; El Faro, L; Cardoso, V L; Machado, P F; Albuquerque, L G

2009-09-01

The objective of the present study was to estimate milk yield genetic parameters applying random regression models and parametric correlation functions combined with a variance function to model animal permanent environmental effects. A total of 152,145 test-day milk yields from 7,317 first lactations of Holstein cows belonging to herds located in the southeastern region of Brazil were analyzed. Test-day milk yields were divided into 44 weekly classes of days in milk. Contemporary groups were defined by herd-test-day comprising a total of 2,539 classes. The model included direct additive genetic, permanent environmental, and residual random effects. The following fixed effects were considered: contemporary group, age of cow at calving (linear and quadratic regressions), and the population average lactation curve modeled by fourth-order orthogonal Legendre polynomial. Additive genetic effects were modeled by random regression on orthogonal Legendre polynomials of days in milk, whereas permanent environmental effects were estimated using a stationary or nonstationary parametric correlation function combined with a variance function of different orders. The structure of residual variances was modeled using a step function containing 6 variance classes. The genetic parameter estimates obtained with the model using a stationary correlation function associated with a variance function to model permanent environmental effects were similar to those obtained with models employing orthogonal Legendre polynomials for the same effect. A model using a sixth-order polynomial for additive effects and a stationary parametric correlation function associated with a seventh-order variance function to model permanent environmental effects would be sufficient for data fitting.

DESTRUCTION OF FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS AND YERSINIA PESTIS PERSISTENCE OF BACILLUS ANTHRACIS SPORES AND CLOSTRIDIUM BOTULINUM IN MUNICIPAL SOLID LANDFILL LEACHATES

EPA Science Inventory

The United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development National Homeland Security Research Center (NHSRC) in collaboration with the Department of Defense Edgewood Chemical Biological Center (ECBC) are evaluating the permanence of biological and chemi...

29 CFR 1926.951 - Tools and protective equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... falling objects, electric shock, or burns. (b) Personal climbing equipment. (1) Body belts with straps or...) Be equipped with three-wire cord having the ground wire permanently connected to the tool frame and... “Double Insulated”; or (iii) Be connected to the power supply by means of an isolating transformer, or...

40 CFR 264.309 - Surveying and recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Surveying and recordkeeping. 264.309... Landfills § 264.309 Surveying and recordkeeping. The owner or operator of a landfill must maintain the... dimensions, including depth, of each cell with respect to permanently surveyed benchmarks; and (b) The...

40 CFR 264.309 - Surveying and recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Surveying and recordkeeping. 264.309... Landfills § 264.309 Surveying and recordkeeping. The owner or operator of a landfill must maintain the... dimensions, including depth, of each cell with respect to permanently surveyed benchmarks; and (b) The...

40 CFR 264.309 - Surveying and recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Surveying and recordkeeping. 264.309... Landfills § 264.309 Surveying and recordkeeping. The owner or operator of a landfill must maintain the... dimensions, including depth, of each cell with respect to permanently surveyed benchmarks; and (b) The...

40 CFR 264.309 - Surveying and recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 27 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Surveying and recordkeeping. 264.309... Landfills § 264.309 Surveying and recordkeeping. The owner or operator of a landfill must maintain the... dimensions, including depth, of each cell with respect to permanently surveyed benchmarks; and (b) The...

46 CFR 169.750 - Radio call sign.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Radio call sign. 169.750 Section 169.750 Shipping COAST... Control, Miscellaneous Systems, and Equipment Markings § 169.750 Radio call sign. Each vessel certificated for exposed or partially protected water service must have its radio call sign permanently displayed...

HEAT SHOCK FACTOR 1-MEDIATED THERMOTOLERANCE PREVENTS CELL DEATH AND RESULTS IN G2/M CELL CYCLE ARREST

EPA Science Inventory

Mammalian cells respond to stress by activating heat shock transcription factors (e.g., HSF1) that regulate increased synthesis of heat shock proteins (HSPs). HSPs mediate protection from deleterious effects of stress by preventing permanent disruption of normal cellular mitosis...

Future Approaches for Inner Ear Protection and Repair

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shibata, Seiji B.; Raphael, Yehoash

2010-01-01

Health care professionals tending to patients with inner ear disease face inquiries about therapy options, including treatments that are being developed for future use but not yet available. The devastating outcome of sensorineural hearing loss, combined with the permanent nature of the symptoms, make these inquiries demanding and frequent. The…

40 CFR 60.2615 - What must I do if I plan to permanently close my CISWI unit and not restart it?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES Emissions Guidelines and Compliance Times for Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units Model... plan is due. Model Rule—Waste Management Plan ...

40 CFR 60.2615 - What must I do if I plan to permanently close my CISWI unit and not restart it?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES Emissions Guidelines and Compliance Times for Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration Units Model... plan is due. Model Rule—Waste Management Plan ...

49 CFR 602.9 - Federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... operations, emergency protective measures, emergency repairs, permanent repairs and resiliency projects under 49 U.S.C. 5324 shall be for up to 80 percent of the net project cost. (b) A grant made available... project cost for capital projects, and up to 50 percent of the net project cost for operations projects...

49 CFR 602.9 - Federal share.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... operations, emergency protective measures, emergency repairs, permanent repairs and resiliency projects under 49 U.S.C. 5324 shall be for up to 80 percent of the net project cost. (b) A grant made available... project cost for capital projects, and up to 50 percent of the net project cost for operations projects...

46 CFR 185.612 - Fire protection equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... instructions for the operation of a fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be located in a conspicuous place... a fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be clearly and conspicuously marked “WHEN ALARM SOUNDS... extinguishing system and the fire main, must be plainly, conspicuously, and permanently marked indicating the...

46 CFR 185.612 - Fire protection equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... instructions for the operation of a fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be located in a conspicuous place... a fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be clearly and conspicuously marked “WHEN ALARM SOUNDS... extinguishing system and the fire main, must be plainly, conspicuously, and permanently marked indicating the...

46 CFR 185.612 - Fire protection equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... instructions for the operation of a fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be located in a conspicuous place... a fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be clearly and conspicuously marked “WHEN ALARM SOUNDS... extinguishing system and the fire main, must be plainly, conspicuously, and permanently marked indicating the...

46 CFR 185.612 - Fire protection equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... instructions for the operation of a fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be located in a conspicuous place... a fixed gas fire extinguishing system must be clearly and conspicuously marked “WHEN ALARM SOUNDS... extinguishing system and the fire main, must be plainly, conspicuously, and permanently marked indicating the...

7 CFR 1410.6 - Eligible land.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... vegetation suitable for wetland restoration or wildlife habitat, as determined appropriate by the CCC, of... area, or any area determined eligible for CRP based on wetland or wellhead protection area criteria. A... permanent nature (such as a lake, pond, or sinkhole), or wetland; excluding such areas as gullies or sod...

Where Did All the Streams Go? Effects of Urbanization on Hydrologic Permanence of Headwater Streams

EPA Science Inventory

Headwater streams represent a majority (up to 70%) of the stream length in the United States; however, these small streams are often piped or filled to accommodate residential, commercial, and industrial development. Legal protection of headwater streams under the Clean Water Ac...

23 CFR 668.105 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... as best suited to protect the public health and safety. (j) ER program funding is only to be used to... feasible, the cost of permanent restoration work. (d) The approval to use available ER funds to repair or... over non-emergency work. (h) ER projects shall be promptly constructed. Any project that has not...

32 CFR Appendix C to Part 290 - For Official Use Only

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... limited within the FAO to one protected office copy. (3) Storage. (i) All Field Detachment sensitive... container controlled by the FAO manager. (ii) Permanent files currently maintained by regular DCAA offices, which are available to all FAO personnel, should not contain any detailed information on Field...

Career Development Influences of International Students Who Pursue Permanent Immigration to Canada

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arthur, Nancy; Flynn, Sarah

2011-01-01

This research focused on the career decision and planning needs of a unique group of migrants: international students who are completing their studies as temporary immigrants and who are embarking on the career journey of employment and permanent immigration. A semi-structured interview employing a Critical Incident Technique was used to assess…

Study of Young People Permanently Excluded from School. Research Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Daniels, Harry; Cole, Ted; Sellman, Edward; Sutton, Jane; Visser, John; Bedward, Julie

This study tracked the careers, over 2 years, of 193 young English people (particularly at-risk groups) after their permanent exclusion from mainstream schools during 9th, 10th, or 11th grade. The study investigated the impact of pre- and post-exclusion processes, provisions, and outcomes on these young people's life-chances and wider indicators…

The social integration of healthcare agency workers in long-term care facilities: A cross-sectional study.

PubMed

Lapalme, Marie-Ève; Doucet, Olivier

2018-06-01

Patient care quality is a key concern for long-term care facilities and is directly related to effective collaboration between healthcare professionals. The use of agency staff in long-term care facilities creates important challenges in terms of coordination and communication within work units. The purpose of this study is to assess the mediating effect of common in-group identity in the relationship between permanent employees' perceptions regarding the use of agency workers -namely distributive justice, perceptions of threat, perceived similarities with agency workers, and leader inclusiveness toward agency staff- and the permanent employees' adoption of collaborative behaviours. Cross-sectional study. Three long-term care facilities. 290 regular healthcare employees (nurses and care attendants). Data were obtained through questionnaires filled out by employees. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation analyses. The results showed the indirect effects of perceived distributive justice, perceived similarity and leader inclusiveness toward agency workers on permanent employees' cooperation behaviours through common group identification. Perceptions of threat were not related to common group identification or collaborative behaviours. The results also showed that common in-group identification is related to cooperation behaviours only for employees without previous experience as agency workers. This study suggests that permanent healthcare employees who feel they are fairly compensated relative to agency workers, who consider these workers as similar to them, and who believe their supervisor appreciates agency workers' contributions tend to develop a common in-group identity, which fosters collaborative behaviours. Managers of long-term care facilities who wish to foster collaboration among their blended workforce should thus create an environment conducive of a more inclusive identity, particularly if their employees have no previous experience as agency workers. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effects of a home care mobile app on the outcomes of discharged patients with a stoma: a randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Wang, Qing-Qing; Zhao, Jing; Huo, Xiao-Rong; Wu, Ling; Yang, Li-Fang; Li, Ju-Yun; Wang, Jie

2018-05-18

The aim of this study is to explore the effects of a home care mobile app on the outcomes of stoma patients who discharged from hospital. Patients with a newly formed stoma experience many difficulties after surgery. Mobile application (app) has the potential to help patients self-manage their diseases and adjust to the changes in their lives and is a convenient way to ensure the continuity of care. However, there is a lack of studies about the effects of a mobile app on the transitional care for improving discharged stoma-related health outcomes. A randomized controlled trial. 203 patients with a permanent stoma in tertiary hospitals in China were randomly assigned into two groups. Patients in the control group (n=103) received routine discharge care. Patients in the intervention group (n=100) received home care via a mobile app besides routine care. The psychosocial adjustment level, self-efficacy scale and stoma complications incidence were measured in the follow-up period and compared between the two groups. Data was collected at four time points: before intervention (baseline), at 1, 3 and 6 months after discharge. The psychosocial adjustment level and stoma self-efficacy score of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group respectively at 1, 3 and 6-month follow-up (all P<0.05). The incidence of stoma complications in the intervention group were tending to reduce at 1, 3 and 6 months after discharge. The findings indicated that follow-up care at home via a mobile app can effectively improve the psychosocial adjustment level, self-efficacy scale and other related outcomes of stoma patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

The effects of grazers and light penetration on the survival of transplants of Vallisneria americana Michs in the tidal Potomac River, Maryland

USGS Publications Warehouse

Carter, V.; Rybicki, N.B.

1985-01-01

Poor light penetration and grazing are among the factors potentially responsible for the lack of submersed aquatic macrophytes in the tidal Potomac River. Between 1980 and 1983, plugs, springs and tubers of Vallisneria americana Michx were transplanted from the oligohaline Potomac Estuary to six sites in the freshwater tidal Potomac River. Transplants made in 1980 and 1981 were generally successful only when protected by full exclosures which prevented grazing. Grazing resulted in the removal of whole plants or clipping off of plant leaves in unprotected plots. Plants protected in the first year were permanently established, despite the occurrence of grazing in subsequent years, at Elodea Cove and Rosier Bluff, where light penetration was high (average 1% light level was 1.6-1.7 m). Plants were not permanent;y established at Goose Island, where light penetration was lower (average 1% light level was 1.4 m) and grazing occurred, or Neabsco Bay where light penetration was very low (average 1% light level was 1.0 m) and grazing may not have occurred. In 1983, Secchi depth transparencies in the upper tidal river were improved significantly compared to 1978-1981. Both protected and unprotected transplants thrived in 1983. ?? 1985.

Intrapulpal Thermal Changes during Setting Reaction of Glass Carbomer® Using Thermocure Lamp.

PubMed

Kahvecioglu, Firdevs; Tosun, Gül; Ülker, Hayriye Esra

2016-01-01

Objectives . To measure the temperature increase induced during thermocure lamp setting reaction of glass carbomer and to compare it with those induced by visible light curing of a resin-modified glass ionomer and a polyacid-modified composite resin in primary and permanent teeth. Materials and Methods . Nonretentive class I cavities were prepared in extracted primary and permanent molars. Glass carbomer (GC) was placed in the cavity and set at 60°C for 60 sn using a special thermocure lamp. Resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGIC) and polyacid-modified composite resin (PMCR) were placed in the cavities and polymerized with an LED curing unit. Temperature increases during setting reactions were measured with a J-type thermocouple wire connected to a data logger. Data were examined using two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's honestly significant difference tests. Results . The use of GC resulted in temperature changes of 5.17 ± 0.92°C and 5.32 ± 0.90°C in primary and permanent teeth, respectively ( p > 0.05). Temperature increases were greatest in the GC group, differing significantly from those in the PMCR group ( p < 0.05). Conclusion . Temperature increases during polymerization and setting reactions of the materials were below the critical value in all groups. No difference was observed between primary and permanent teeth, regardless of the material used.

[Permanent education in health: a review].

PubMed

Miccas, Fernanda Luppino; Batista, Sylvia Helena Souza da Silva

2014-02-01

To undertake a meta-synthesis of the literature on the main concepts and practices related to permanent education in health. A bibliographical search was conducted for original articles in the PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, IBECS and SciELO databases, using the following search terms: "public health professional education", "permanent education", "continuing education", "permanent education health". Of the 590 articles identified, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 48 were selected for further analysis, grouped according to the criteria of key elements, and then underwent meta-synthesis. The 48 original publications were classified according to four thematic units of key elements: 1) concepts, 2) strategies and difficulties, 3) public policies and 4) educational institutions. Three main conceptions of permanent education in health were found: problem-focused and team work, directly related to continuing education and education that takes place throughout life. The main strategies for executing permanent education in health are discussion, maintaining an open space for permanent education , and permanent education clusters. The most limiting factor is mainly related to directly or indirect management. Another highlight is the requirement for implementation and maintenance of public policies, and the availability of financial and human resources. The educational institutions need to combine education and service aiming to form critical-reflexive graduates. The coordination between health and education is based as much on the actions of health services as on management and educational institutions. Thus, it becomes a challenge to implement the teaching-learning processes that are supported by critical-reflexive actions. It is necessary to carry out proposals for permanent education in health involving the participation of health professionals, teachers and educational institutions. To undertake a meta-synthesis of the literature on the main concepts and practices related to permanent education in health. A bibliographical search was conducted for original articles in the PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, IBECS and SciELO databases, using the following search terms: "public health professional education", "permanent education", "continuing education", "permanent education health". Of the 590 articles identified, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 48 were selected for further analysis, grouped according to the criteria of key elements, and then underwent meta-synthesis. The 48 original publications were classified according to four thematic units of key elements: 1) concepts, 2) strategies and difficulties, 3) public policies and 4) educational institutions. Three main conceptions of permanent education in health were found: problem-focused and team work, directly related to continuing education and education that takes place throughout life. The main strategies for executing permanent education in health are discussion, maintaining an open space for permanent education, and permanent education clusters. The most limiting factor is mainly related to directly or indirect management. Another highlight is the requirement for implementation and maintenance of public policies, and the availability of financial and human resources. The educational institutions need to combine education and service aiming to form critical-reflexive graduates. The coordination between health and education is based as much on the actions of health services as on management and educational institutions. Thus, it becomes a challenge to implement the teaching-learning processes that are supported by critical-reflexive actions. It is necessary to carry out proposals for permanent education in health involving the participation of health professionals, teachers and educational institutions.

Ectopic eruption of first permanent molars: presenting features and associations.

PubMed

Mooney, G C; Morgan, A G; Rodd, H D; North, S

2007-09-01

To investigate presenting features of ectopically erupting first permanent molars and associations with other dental anomalies. Prospective convenience study. 28 panoral radiographs were collected, over a 24-month period, of 7-11 year-old children with radiographic evidence of ectopic eruption of first permanent molars who presented to a Dental Teaching Hospital in the North of England. A further 20 radiographs were collected of matched patients with no evidence of ectopic molar eruption. All radiographs were analysed under standard conditions to record the distribution and type of ectopic eruption (if present). In addition, the presence of the following dental anomalies was noted: cleft lip and/or palate; supernumerary teeth; hypodontia, and infraocclusion of primary molars. Chi-squared analysis was performed to determine any significant differences in the frequency of these dental anomalies between ectopic molar and control groups. For patients with ectopic molar eruption, the majority demonstrated ectopic eruption of either one or two first permanent molars (32% and 57% of subjects respectively). There were a similar proportion of 'jumps' and 'holds'. 92% of these were maxillary teeth and there was equal left and right distribution. Interestingly, a positive record of ectopic eruption was only documented in the dental records of 35.7% of these subjects. Children with ectopic eruption were significantly more likely to have at least one additional dental anomaly than was the case for the control group (60.7% versus 25%). Notably, primary molar infraocclusion and cleft lip/palate were significantly more frequent in the ectopic group. This study, the first in a British population, has identified a significant association between ectopic eruption of first permanent molars and other dental anomalies. A multifactorial aetiology is thus supported and clinicians should be alert to the co-existence of ectopic eruption and other dental anomalies.

The In vitro Evaluation of the effect of xyliwhite, probiotic, and the conventional toothpastes on the enamel roughness and microhardness.

PubMed

Maden, E Arat; Altun, C; Polat, G Guven; Basak, F

2018-03-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of fluoride, Xylitol, Probiotic, and Whitening toothpastes on the permanent teeth enamel roughness and microhardness. One hundred and twenty teeth were randomly divided into 2 groups, each group having 60 samples. G1: The group in which enamel roughness was examined (n = 60). G2: The group in which enamel microhardness was examined (n = 60). Then, these groups were randomly divided into 4 groups among themselves (n = 15). Each group was brushed using four different toothpastes for 1 week with a battery-powered toothbrush in the morning and evening for 2 min. Vicker's hardness tester was used to measure the changes in microhardness, and the profilometer was used to measure the changes in surface roughness. No statistically significant differences were found on surface roughness and microhardness values measured after tooth brushing process in group brushed with Colgate MaxFresh toothpaste (P > 0.01). Statistically significant decrease was observed on Vicker's hardness values measured after tooth brushing process in groups brushed with Ipana White Power Carbonate toothpaste, Xyliwhite Toothpaste Gel, and Periobiotic Probiotic Toothpaste (P < 0.01). Statistically significant increase was observed on surface roughness values in groups brushed with Ipana White Power Carbonate toothpaste, Xyliwhite Toothpaste Gel, Periobiotic Probiotic Toothpaste (P < 0.01). As a result, Colgate MaxFresh abrasive-free toothpaste with fluoride has no effect on permanent tooth enamel surface roughness and microhardness. Xyliwhite, Periobiotic, and Ipana White Power Carbonate-containing abrasive toothpastes led to changes negatively on permanent tooth enamel surface roughness and microhardness.

Progesterone Treatment in Two Rat Models of Ocular Ischemia

PubMed Central

Allen, Rachael S.; Olsen, Timothy W.; Sayeed, Iqbal; Cale, Heather A.; Morrison, Katherine C.; Oumarbaeva, Yuliya; Lucaciu, Irina; Boatright, Jeffrey H.; Pardue, Machelle T.; Stein, Donald G.

2015-01-01

Purpose. To determine whether the neurosteroid progesterone, shown to have protective effects in animal models of traumatic brain injury, stroke, and spinal cord injury, is also protective in ocular ischemia animal models. Methods. Progesterone treatment was tested in two ocular ischemia models in rats: a rodent anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rAION) model, which induces permanent monocular optic nerve stroke, and the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model, which causes transient ischemia in both the retina and brain due to an intraluminal filament that blocks the ophthalmic and middle cerebral arteries. Visual function and retinal histology were assessed to determine whether progesterone attenuated retinal injury in these models. Additionally, behavioral testing and 2% 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining in brains were used to compare progesterone's neuroprotective effects in both retina and brain using the MCAO model. Results. Progesterone treatment showed no effect on visual evoked potential (VEP) reduction and retinal ganglion cell loss in the permanent rAION model. In the transient MCAO model, progesterone treatment reduced (1) electroretinogram (ERG) deficits, (2) MCAO-induced upregulation of glutamine synthetase (GS) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and (3) retinal ganglion cell loss. As expected, progesterone treatment also had significant protective effects in behavioral tests and a reduction in infarct size in the brain. Conclusions. Progesterone treatment showed protective effects in the retina following MCAO but not rAION injury, which may result from mechanistic differences with injury type and the therapeutic action of progesterone. PMID:26024074

A Nordic survey of management practices and owners' attitudes towards keeping horses in groups.

PubMed

Hartmann, E; Bøe, K E; Christensen, J W; Hyyppä, S; Jansson, H; Jørgensen, G H M; Ladewig, J; Mejdell, C M; Norling, Y; Rundgren, M; Särkijärvi, S; Søndergaard, E; Keeling, L J

2015-09-01

Keeping horses in groups is widely recommended but limited information is available about how this is implemented in practice. The aim of this survey was to describe how horses are kept in the Nordic countries in relation to sex, age, breed, and equestrian discipline and to assess owners' attitudes toward keeping horses in groups. Horse owners in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden were approached using a web-based questionnaire, which was translated into 4 languages and distributed online via equestrian forums, organizations, and social media. The number of respondents was 3,229, taking care of 17,248 horses. Only 8% of horses were never kept in groups, 47% were permanently grouped for 24 h/d, and 45% were stabled singly but grouped during turnout. Yearlings were most often permanently kept in groups (75%), mares and geldings more commonly during parts of the day (50 and 51%, respectively), and stallions were often kept alone (38%). Icelandic horses were more likely to be permanently kept in groups (36%) than warmbloods (16%) and ponies (15%). Twice as many competition horses (51%) were never grouped compared with horses used for breeding (20%) or leisure purposes (15%). The majority of respondents (86%) strongly agreed that group housing benefits horse welfare and that it is important for horses to have the company of conspecifics (92%). Nevertheless, not all horses were kept in groups, showing that attitudes toward group housing may not necessarily reflect current management. The risk of injury was a concern of many respondents (45%), as was introducing unfamiliar horses into already established groups (40%) and challenges in relation to feeding in groups (44%). Safety of people (23%) and difficulties handling group-kept horses (19%) were regarded as less problematic. Results suggest that the majority of horses have the possibility to freely interact with other horses, either as fulltime members of a group during 24 h/d or during turnout. Future research should address the extent to which being a part-time member of a group affects horse welfare. For permanent group housing to become more widespread, such as it is the case for most farm animals, future research could focus on solving some of the reoccurring problems perceived with keeping horses in groups. The dissemination of evidence-based information on all aspects around keeping horses in groups can ultimately stimulate further positive changes in the management of group-kept horses.

[Content of fluoride and magnesium in permanent teeth of children and adolescents with constitutional delay of growth and development].

PubMed

Bandura, Marzena; Opalko, Krystyna

2005-01-01

The objective of this study was to determine the content of fluorides and magnesium in permanent teeth of children and adolescents with constitutional delay of growth and development (CDGD) and to correlate the findings with susceptibility to caries. Our study group consisting of 20 patients with CDGD, aged 11 to 20 years, was compared with an age-matched control group of 20 normal subjects. Dentition status was assessed according to the average DMFs score. Acid biopsy of enamel on the labial surface of incisors was done to measure the content of calcium, magnesium, and fluorides. CDGD patients demonstrated a higher average DFs value and less permanent teeth than their normal counterparts. Microanalyses of enamel showed that the depth of the acid biopsy was similar in all subjects. The content of fluorides and magnesium in enamel was lower in patients with CDGD.

Permanence of diced cartilage, bone dust and diced cartilage/bone dust mixture in experimental design in twelve weeks.

PubMed

Islamoglu, Kemal; Dikici, Mustafa Bahadir; Ozgentas, Halil Ege

2006-09-01

Bone dust and diced cartilage are used for contour restoration because their minimal donor site morbidity. The purpose of this study is to investigate permanence of bone dust, diced cartilage and bone dust/diced cartilage mixture in rabbits over 12 weeks. New Zealand white rabbits were used for this study. There were three groups in the study: Group I: 1 mL bone dust. Group II: 1 mL diced cartilage. Group III: 0.5 mL bone dust + 0.5 mL diced cartilage mixture. They were placed into subcutaneous tissue of rabbits and removed 12 weeks later. The mean volumes of groups were 0.23 +/- 0.08 mL in group I, 0.60 +/- 0.12 mL in group II and 0.36 +/- 0.10 mL in group III. The differences between groups were found statistically significant. In conclusion, diced cartilage was found more reliable than bone dust aspect of preserving its volume for a long period in this study.

Transfer and Transition: Interagency Coordination for Managing Public Lands at UMTRCA Title II Sites in Wyoming – 16614

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shafer, David S.; Vanek, Tim; Ribeiro, Tracy

By the end of fiscal year 2025, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Legacy Management (LM) is anticipating adding 17 sites remediated under Title II of the Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act (UMTRCA) to the current inventory of 90 sites that it manages. Among the new sites are ones where federal public lands occur within the proposed long-term care boundary, the boundary determined by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and LM as necessary to maintain site protectiveness for the entombed uranium mill tailings and residual groundwater contamination. For these sites, public land withdrawals for land and minerals willmore » need to be established. LM’s primary mission at UMTRCA sites is to protect the public and the environment from exposure to contamination at the sites. For the sites with public lands or federally controlled minerals that will be transferring to LM, the Office will apply to the Department of the Interior (DOI) Bureau of Land Management (BLM) for new, public land and mineral withdrawals. At most current LM UMTRCA sites that involved public lands and minerals, DOI granted DOE “full administrative jurisdiction” and permanent withdrawals. Hence, these withdrawals are, permanently, no longer subject to public land, mining, and mineral-leasing laws and regulations. LM is coordinating with DOI/BLM in Wyoming to permanently withdraw full and partial jurisdiction at future UMTRCA Title II sites in that state. This approach would allow LM to fully administer surface lands and minerals, where necessary, and DOI and LM to administer surface lands and leasable minerals where it would not jeopardize sites’ radiological safety and long-term public and environmental protection. This “shared-jurisdiction approach” will meet LM’s strategic goal of protecting human health and the environment but also allow BLM to fulfill their mission to “manage and conserve the lands under the mandate of multiple-use and sustained yield.” In addition, LM could also fulfill the fourth goal of its Strategic Plan, to optimize land use and assets.« less

Uneven Hedging of Economic Risks for a Skilled Workforce: Are Immigrants Disadvantaged?

PubMed Central

Hao, Lingxin; Warkentien, Siri

2015-01-01

Skilled immigration to the United States has been multi-channeled via legislations on permanent and temporary visa programs. This paper argues that skilled immigrants were not disadvantaged during the Great Recession because of a new hedging mechanism, which starts with the federal legislations that admit skilled nonimmigrants, proceeds to vest authority in employers, who perform rigorous screening and selection of temporary workers for future permanency, and ends with greater protection of those selected. To test this mechanism, the paper examines skilled immigrants’ spatial mobility out of the country and their domestic labor market outcomes. The paper presents evidence from analyzing repeated, nationally representative survey data of college graduates in the US using demographic techniques of intra-cohort and inter-cohort analyses. The major findings about the substantial cross-border mobility and high levels of labor force participation among at-entry temporary visa holders who later gained permanent residency provide strong evidence to support our proposed new hedging mechanism. PMID:27605891

Prevalence and factors affecting use of long acting and permanent contraceptive methods in Jinka town, Southern Ethiopia: a cross sectional study.

PubMed

Mekonnen, Getachew; Enquselassie, Fikre; Tesfaye, Gezahegn; Semahegn, Agumasie

2014-01-01

In Ethiopia, knowledge of contraceptive methods is high though there is low contraceptive prevalence rate. This study was aimed to assess prevalence and associated factors of long acting and permanent contraceptive methods in Jinka town, southern Ethiopia. Community based cross sectional survey was conducted to assess the prevalence and factors affecting long acting and permanent methods of contraceptives utilization from March to April 2008. Eight hundred child bearing age women were participated in the quantitative study and 32 purposively selected focus group discussants were participated in the qualitative study. Face to face interview was used for data collection. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 13.0 statistical software. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were computed to analyze the data. The prevalence of long acting and permanent contraceptive method was 7.3%. Three fourth (76.1%) of the women have ever heard about implants and implant 28 (50%) were the most widely used method. Almost two third of women had intention to use long acting and permanent methods. Knowledge of contraceptive and age of women have significant association with the use of long acting and permanent contraceptive methods. The overall prevalence of long acting and permanent contraceptive method was low. Knowledge of contraceptive and age of women have significant association with use of long acting and permanent contraceptive. Extensive health information should be provided.

Individual differences in object permanence performance at 8 months: locomotor experience and brain electrical activity.

PubMed

Bell, M A; Fox, N A

1997-12-01

This work was designed to investigate individual differences in hands-and-knees crawling and frontal brain electrical activity with respect to object permanence performance in 76 eight-month-old infants. Four groups of infants (one prelocomotor and 3 with varying lengths of hands-and-knees crawling experience) were tested on an object permanence scale in a research design similar to that used by Kermoian and Campos (1988). In addition, baseline EEG was recorded and used as an indicator of brain development, as in the Bell and Fox (1992) longitudinal study. Individual differences in frontal and occipital EEG power and in locomotor experience were associated with performance on the object permanence task. Infants successful at A-not-B exhibited greater frontal EEG power and greater occipital EEG power than unsuccessful infants. In contrast to Kermoian and Campos (1988), who noted that long-term crawling experience was associated with higher performance on an object permanence scale, infants in this study with any amount of hands and knees crawling experience performed at a higher level on the object permanence scale than prelocomotor infants. There was no interaction among brain electrical activity, locomotor experience, and object permanence performance. These data highlight the value of electrophysiological research and the need for a brain-behavior model of object permanence performance that incorporates both electrophysiological and behavioral factors.

20 CFR 404.1205 - Absolute coverage groups.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Absolute coverage groups. 404.1205 Section... Covered § 404.1205 Absolute coverage groups. (a) General. An absolute coverage group is a permanent... are not under a retirement system. An absolute coverage group may include positions which were...

Reduced infarct size in neuroglobin-null mice after experimental stroke in vivo

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Neuroglobin is considered to be a novel important pharmacological target in combating stroke and neurodegenerative disorders, although the mechanism by which this protection is accomplished remains an enigma. We hypothesized that if neuroglobin is directly involved in neuroprotection, then permanent cerebral ischemia would lead to larger infarct volumes in neuroglobin-null mice than in wild-type mice. Methods Using neuroglobin-null mice, we estimated the infarct volume 24 hours after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion using Cavalieri’s Principle, and compared the infarct volume in neuroglobin-null and wild-type mice. Neuroglobin antibody staining was used to examine neuroglobin expression in the infarct area of wild-type mice. Results Infarct volumes 24 hours after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion were significantly smaller in neuroglobin-null mice than in wild-types (p < 0.01). Neuroglobin immunostaining of the penumbra area revealed no visible up-regulation of neuroglobin protein in ischemic wild-type mice when compared to uninjured wild-type mice. In uninjured wild-type mice, neuroglobin protein was seen throughout cortical layer II and sparsely in layer V. In contrast, no neuroglobin-immunoreactive neurons were observed in the aforementioned layers of the ischemia injured cortical area, or in the surrounding penumbra of ischemic wild-type mice. This suggests no selective sparing of neuroglobin expressing neurons in ischemia. Conclusions Neuroglobin-deficiency resulted in reduced tissue infarction, suggesting that, at least at endogenous expression levels, neuroglobin in itself is non-protective against ischemic injury. PMID:22901501

Dental enamel defects in Italian children with cystic fibrosis: an observational study.

PubMed

Ferrazzano, G F; Sangianantoni, G; Cantile, T; Amato, I; Orlando, S; Ingenito, A

2012-03-01

The relationship between cystic fibrosis (CF) and caries experience has already been explored, but relatively little information is available on dental enamel defects prevalence among children affected by cystic fibrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate this issue in deciduous and permanent teeth of children with CF resident in southern Italy. This cross sectional observational study was undertaken between October 2009 and March 2010. 88 CF patients and 101 healthy age-matched participated in this study. The prevalence of dental enamel defects was calculated using a modified Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDE) index. The comparison of dental enamel defects prevalence among groups was carried out using regression binary logistic analysis. In the CF subjects there was a higher prevalence (56%) of enamel defects in comparison to the healthy group (22%). The most prevalent enamel defect was hypoplasia with loss of enamel (23% of CF patients vs 1 1/2% of control group) in permanent teeth. This study confirms that children with cystic fibrosis are at increased risk of developing hypoplastic defects on their permanent teeth.

Mesenchymal stem cells derived from peripheral blood protects against ischemia.

PubMed

Ukai, Ryo; Honmou, Osamu; Harada, Kuniaki; Houkin, Kiyohiro; Hamada, Hirofumi; Kocsis, Jeffery D

2007-03-01

Intravenous delivery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) prepared from bone marrow (BMSCs) reduces infarction volume and ameliorates functional deficits in a rat cerebral ischemia model. MSC-like multipotent precursor cells (PMSCs) have also been suggested to exist in peripheral blood. To test the hypothesis that treatment with PMSCs may have a therapeutic benefit in stroke, we compared the efficacy of systemic delivery of BMSCs and PMSCs. A permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rat was induced by intraluminal vascular occlusion with a microfilament. Rat BMSCs and PMSCs were prepared in culture and intravenously injected into the rats 6 h after MCAO. Lesion size was assessed at 6 h, and 1, 3, and 7 days using MR imaging and histology. The hemodynamic change of cerebral blood perfusion on stroke was assessed the same times using perfusion-weighted image (PWI). Functional outcome was assessed using the treadmill stress test. Both BMSCs and PMSCs treated groups had reduced lesion volume, improved regional cerebral blood flow, and functional improvement compared to the control group. The therapeutic benefits of both MSC-treated groups were similar. These data suggest that PMSCs derived from peripheral blood could be an important cell source of cell therapy for stroke.

Effect of Environmental Education Based on Transformational Learning Theory on Perceptions towards Environmental Problems and Permanency of Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Uyanik, Gökhan

2016-01-01

The aim of the study is to determine effect of environmental education based on transformational learning theory on primary school teacher candidates' perceptions towards environmental problems and permanency of learning. Pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design have been used in this study. The study group consists of 66 teacher candidates who…

78 FR 56714 - Proposed Information Collection Activity; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-13

... Permanency Posttest........ CAFAS pretest 12 4 5 1.0 20 Caseworker discussion for 60 20 1 0.5 10 CAFAS pretest completion... CAFAS posttest 12 4 5 1.0 20 Caseworker discussion for 60 20 1 0.5 10 CAFAS posttest... permanency outcomes for particular groups of children and youth who are at risk for long- term foster care...

[Treatment of Graves Hyperthyroidism by Jiakangling Capsule Combined with Reduction of 131I: an Efficacy Observation].

PubMed

Liu, Guan-xin; Liao, Ning

2016-01-01

To observe the clinical efficacy of Jiakangling Capsule (JC) combined with reduction of 1311 in treatment of Graves hyperthyroidism. Totally 387 Graves hyperthyroidism patients were randomly assigned to the treatment group (200 cases) and the control group (187 cases). Patients in the treatment group took JC combined with reduction of 131I. The 131I dosage per gram of thyroid tissue was 50-80 microCi. They additionally took JC one week after taking 1311 for one consecutive month. Patients in the control group took 131 routinely as one disposable treatment. The 131I dosage per gram of thyroid tissue was 70-120 microCi, without using JC or other anti-thyroid drugs. All patients were reexamined after 24-month treatment. Whether hyperthyroidism was cured, incurred, or permanent was observed. Efficacies of thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb) and thyroid microsome antibody (TMAb) were compared between the two groups. Compared with the control group, the incurred ratio increased in the treatment group [3.2% (6/187) vs. 16.0% (32/200), P < 0.01], the incurred ratio of strong positive TGAb and TMAb patients increased [3.5% (2/57) vs. 27.1% (16/59), P < 0.01], the permanent hypothyroidism ratio decreased [21.1% (12/57) vs. 3.4% (2/59), P < 0.05 ]. JC combined with reduction of 1311 was superior in treating Graves hyperthyroidism induced permanent hypothyroidism than routine 1311 treatment, especially for strong positive TGAb and TMAb patients.

A Modest Proposal for Control of Prejudice and Group Aggression

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lester, David

1971-01-01

Notes that much human activity is monotonous, arduous, or degrading and that most low-caste groups eventually revolt. Suggests that humans use chimpanzees as a permanent minority group that will serve simultaneously as laborers and scapegoats. (MB)

20 CFR 404.1205 - Absolute coverage groups.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Absolute coverage groups. 404.1205 Section... INSURANCE (1950- ) Coverage of Employees of State and Local Governments What Groups of Employees May Be Covered § 404.1205 Absolute coverage groups. (a) General. An absolute coverage group is a permanent...

20 CFR 404.1205 - Absolute coverage groups.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Absolute coverage groups. 404.1205 Section... INSURANCE (1950- ) Coverage of Employees of State and Local Governments What Groups of Employees May Be Covered § 404.1205 Absolute coverage groups. (a) General. An absolute coverage group is a permanent...

20 CFR 404.1205 - Absolute coverage groups.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Absolute coverage groups. 404.1205 Section... INSURANCE (1950- ) Coverage of Employees of State and Local Governments What Groups of Employees May Be Covered § 404.1205 Absolute coverage groups. (a) General. An absolute coverage group is a permanent...

Reproductive development of male goat kids reared with or without permanent contact with adult females until 10 months of age.

PubMed

Lacuesta, L; Orihuela, A; Ungerfeld, R

2015-01-01

Adult male ruminants that were reared in contact with females display greater sexual behavior than those reared in single male groups. The aim of the experiment was to compare the reproductive development of prepubertal male kids reared with or without direct permanent contact with adult females until they were 10 months old. Seventeen Saanen male kids were maintained in two groups until 44 weeks of age: kids reared in permanent direct contact with four adult goats (group FEM, N = 8) and kids that remained isolated from females (group ISO, N = 9). All goats in the FEM group became pregnant approximately when bucks attained 28 weeks of age. Scrotal circumference and testosterone concentration were measured, and semen was obtained by electroejaculation to avoid female contact in the ISO group. Scrotal circumference was greater in FEM kids at 12 and 14 weeks of age (P < 0.0001) and testosterone when they were 20 and 22 weeks old (P < 0.0001). Testosterone concentration was greater in ISO kids from 28 to 44 weeks of age. All semen characteristics increased with age (P < 0.0001). Individual motility was greater in FEM kids than that in ISO kids at 15 and 17 weeks (P < 0.005); mass motility was greater in ISO than that in FEM kids at 32 weeks (P < 0.05); total number of spermatozoa/ejaculate was greater in ISO kids at 30, 32, and 40 weeks and in FEM kids at 43 weeks (P < 0.005); total number of motile spermatozoa was greater in ISO kids at 32 and 40 weeks, whereas at 43 weeks, it was greater in FEM kids (P < 0.005). It was concluded that permanent contact with adult goats had transient and short-time positive effects in male kids' reproductive traits during prepubertal development. However, positive effects stopped after goats used as stimulus became pregnant. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Dronedarone in high-risk permanent atrial fibrillation.

PubMed

Connolly, Stuart J; Camm, A John; Halperin, Jonathan L; Joyner, Campbell; Alings, Marco; Amerena, John; Atar, Dan; Avezum, Álvaro; Blomström, Per; Borggrefe, Martin; Budaj, Andrzej; Chen, Shih-Ann; Ching, Chi Keong; Commerford, Patrick; Dans, Antonio; Davy, Jean-Marc; Delacrétaz, Etienne; Di Pasquale, Giuseppe; Diaz, Rafael; Dorian, Paul; Flaker, Greg; Golitsyn, Sergey; Gonzalez-Hermosillo, Antonio; Granger, Christopher B; Heidbüchel, Hein; Kautzner, Josef; Kim, June Soo; Lanas, Fernando; Lewis, Basil S; Merino, Jose L; Morillo, Carlos; Murin, Jan; Narasimhan, Calambur; Paolasso, Ernesto; Parkhomenko, Alexander; Peters, Nicholas S; Sim, Kui-Hian; Stiles, Martin K; Tanomsup, Supachai; Toivonen, Lauri; Tomcsányi, János; Torp-Pedersen, Christian; Tse, Hung-Fat; Vardas, Panos; Vinereanu, Dragos; Xavier, Denis; Zhu, Jun; Zhu, Jun-Ren; Baret-Cormel, Lydie; Weinling, Estelle; Staiger, Christoph; Yusuf, Salim; Chrolavicius, Susan; Afzal, Rizwan; Hohnloser, Stefan H

2011-12-15

Dronedarone restores sinus rhythm and reduces hospitalization or death in intermittent atrial fibrillation. It also lowers heart rate and blood pressure and has antiadrenergic and potential ventricular antiarrhythmic effects. We hypothesized that dronedarone would reduce major vascular events in high-risk permanent atrial fibrillation. We assigned patients who were at least 65 years of age with at least a 6-month history of permanent atrial fibrillation and risk factors for major vascular events to receive dronedarone or placebo. The first coprimary outcome was stroke, myocardial infarction, systemic embolism, or death from cardiovascular causes. The second coprimary outcome was unplanned hospitalization for a cardiovascular cause or death. After the enrollment of 3236 patients, the study was stopped for safety reasons. The first coprimary outcome occurred in 43 patients receiving dronedarone and 19 receiving placebo (hazard ratio, 2.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34 to 3.94; P=0.002). There were 21 deaths from cardiovascular causes in the dronedarone group and 10 in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.00 to 4.49; P=0.046), including death from arrhythmia in 13 patients and 4 patients, respectively (hazard ratio, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.06 to 10.00; P=0.03). Stroke occurred in 23 patients in the dronedarone group and 10 in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.11 to 4.88; P=0.02). Hospitalization for heart failure occurred in 43 patients in the dronedarone group and 24 in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.10 to 2.99; P=0.02). Dronedarone increased rates of heart failure, stroke, and death from cardiovascular causes in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation who were at risk for major vascular events. Our data show that this drug should not be used in such patients. (Funded by Sanofi-Aventis; PALLAS ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01151137.).

Forest health monitoring in New England: 1990 annual report

Treesearch

Robert T. Brooks; David R. Dickson; William B. Burkman; Imants Millers; Margaret Miller-Weeks; Ellen Cooter; Luther Smith; Luther Smith

1992-01-01

The USDA Forest Service, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the New England State Forestry Agencies initiated field sampling for the Forest Health Monitoring program in 1990. Two hundred and sixty-three permanent sample plots were established. Measurements were taken to characterize the physical conditions of the plots. This publication...

Reserved and roadless forests

Treesearch

David Azuma; James Menlove; Andrew Gray

2009-01-01

Some 74 million acres of forest land, or 10 percent of all U.S. forest land, are permanently reserved from wood product utilization through statute or administrative designation. A large part of these lands is in wilderness areas, national parks, and national monuments. Although the primary reason for protecting many of the areas is not preservation of forest...

78 FR 70414 - Agency Information Collection (Supportive Services for Veteran Families (SSVF) Program...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-25

... INFORMATION CONTACT: Crystal Rennie, Enterprise Records Service (005R1B), Department of Veterans Affairs, 810 Vermont Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20420, (202) 632-7492 or email crystal[email protected] . Please refer to... and scheduled to become residents of permanent housing within a specified time period, or after...

Emerging Concepts of Mortuary Affairs Doctrine for the 21st Century War Fighter

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-02-27

to a permanent burial arrangement than one of a temporary nature . The bottom line is that temporary burial is intended to protect the health and...Second, it is violently opposed. Third, it is accepted as being self evident.” —Arthur Schopenhauer There is much consternation regarding the

78 FR 26219 - National Foster Care Month, 2013

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-03

... Foster Care Month, 2013 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation As a Nation, we... love, protection, and stability of a permanent family. This month, we recommit to giving them that... action, let us mark this month by showing children and youth in foster care the best our country has to...

CWLA Best Practice Guidelines: Serving LGBT Youth in Out-of-Home Care

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilber, Shannan; Ryan, Caitlin; Marksamer, Jody

2006-01-01

Child welfare personnel repeatedly move a lesbian youth from one inappropriate placement to another, subjecting her to constant rejection and discrimination and depriving her of a permanent home or family; Detention facility staff place a gay youth in isolation "for his own protection," depriving him of education, recreation, companionship, or…

EVA 4 activity on Flight Day 7 to service the Hubble Space Telescope

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-02-17

S82-E-5606 (17 Feb. 1997) --- Astronaut Gregory J. Harbaugh at work on Hubble Space Telescope (HST), with the assistance of astronaut Joseph R. Tanner (out of frame) on Remote Manipulator System (RMS). After replacing the HST's Solar Array Drive Electronics (SADE), Harbaugh and Tanner replaced the Magnetic Sensing System (MSS) protective lids with new, permanent covers; and they installed pre-cut insulation pieces to correct tears in the HST's protective covering caused by temperature changes in space. This view was taken with an Electronic Still Camera (ESC).

Burnout Risk and Protection Factors in Certified Nursing Aides.

PubMed

Molero Jurado, María Del Mar; Pérez-Fuentes, María Del Carmen; Gázquez Linares, José Jesús Gázquez; Simón Márquez, María Del Mar; Martos Martínez, África

2018-05-30

Studies have found a higher risk of burnout among employees in the healthcare sector. As such, this study focused on Certified Nursing Aides (CNAs) who have shown a high prevalence of burnout and are therefore considered an especially vulnerable group. The objective of this study was to identify the relationships between some organizational, personal, and sociodemographic factors and burnout. The final study sample included 278 working CNAs with a mean age of 40.88 (SD = 9.41). To compile the data, an ad hoc questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic information. To collect professional and employment information, we used the Brief Emotional Intelligence Inventory for Adults, the Brief Questionnaire on Perceived Social Support, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. The results showed that Burnout Syndrome is significantly and negatively related to all the emotional intelligence factors, self-efficacy, and perceived social support. The risk of burnout is higher in younger persons and in permanently employed professionals. General self-efficacy and stress management act as protective factors against the likelihood of burnout. This study suggests that organizations should urge coaching and transformational leadership training programs to promote the wellbeing and organizational commitment of workers.

Can labour contract differences in health and work-related attitudes be explained by quality of working life and job insecurity?

PubMed

Wagenaar, Alfred F; Kompier, Michiel A J; Houtman, Irene L D; van den Bossche, Seth; Smulders, Peter; Taris, Toon W

2012-10-01

We hypothesise that due to a lower quality of working life and higher job insecurity, the health and work-related attitudes of temporary workers may be less positive compared to permanent workers. Therefore, we aimed to (1) examine differences between contract groups (i.e. permanent contract, temporary contract with prospect of permanent work, fixed-term contract, temporary agency contract and on-call contract) in the quality of working life, job insecurity, health and work-related attitudes and (2) investigate whether these latter contract group differences in health and work-related attitudes can be explained by differences in the quality of working life and/or job insecurity. Data were collected from the Netherlands Working Conditions Survey 2008 (N = 21,639), and Hypotheses were tested using analysis of variance and cross-table analysis. Temporary work was associated with fewer task demands and lower autonomy and was more often passive or high-strain work, while permanent work was more often active work. Except for on-call work, temporary work was more insecure and associated with worse health and work-related attitude scores than permanent work. Finally, the quality of working life and job insecurity partly accounted for most contract differences in work-related attitudes but not in health. Especially agency workers have a lower health status and worse work-related attitudes. Job redesign measures regarding their quality of working life and job insecurity are recommended.

Type of employment relationship and mortality: prospective study among Finnish employees in 1984-2000.

PubMed

Nätti, Jouko; Kinnunen, Ulla; Mäkikangas, Anne; Mauno, Saija

2009-04-01

The study investigated the relationship between the type of employment (permanent/temporary) contract and mortality. Factors through which temporary employment was expected to be associated with increased mortality were the degree of satisfaction with the uncertainty related to temporary work situation (Study 1) and the voluntary/involuntary basis for temporary work (Study 2). In Study 1 the data consisted of representative survey on Finnish employees in 1984 (n = 4502), which was merged with register-based follow-up data in Statistics Finland covering years 1985-2000. In Study 2 the data consisted of representative survey on Finnish employees in 1990 (n = 3502) with register-based follow-up data covering years 1991-2000. The relative risk of death was examined by conducting Cox proportional hazards analyses for the permanent and the two temporary employment groups, respectively. In Study 1 temporary employees feeling the insecure situation unsatisfactory had a 1.95-fold higher risk of mortality than permanent employees (95% CI 1.13-3.35) after adjusted for background, health- and work-related factors. In Study 2 employees in the position of having a temporary job on the involuntarily basis had a 2.59-fold higher risk of mortality than permanent employees (95% CI 1.16-5.80). The present study confirmed that temporary employees are not a homogeneous group, which holds true even for mortality. Those temporary employees, who either felt the insecure situation unsatisfactory or who worked in temporary work involuntarily, had higher risk of mortality than permanent employees.

Is endodontic treatment performed under general anaesthesia technically acceptable?

PubMed

Alsaleh, Iyad; Cousson, Pierre-Yves; Nicolas, Emmanuel; Hennequin, Martine

2012-12-01

Undertaking endodontic treatment under general anaesthesia (GA) is often described as difficult and hazardous, but no study reports on safe and efficacious conditions for endodontic treatment under GA. This study aims to evaluate whether compromises made for the endodontic treatment of permanent teeth under GA are acceptable. It describes the quality of endodontic treatment undertaken in two series of consecutive patients treated either under GA or local anaesthesia (LA). Post-operative data sheets and periapical radiographs were collected for 255 permanent teeth treated under GA during a 4-year period (GA group, 125 patients with special needs) and for 246 permanent teeth treated under local anaesthesia over 7 months (LA group, 180 healthy patients). The radiographic criteria for quality of endodontic treatment (RCQET) were considered satisfactory when (1) the root filling was within 2 mm of the apex; (2) the filling displayed no voids or defects; and (3) all the visible canals had been obturated. The type of tooth, pulpal status and periapical status were considered independent variables for RCQET. The proportion of satisfactory RCQET reached 63% in both groups and differed by type of tooth, being significantly lower for molars than for other teeth. From a technical point of view, compromises made for the endodontic treatment of permanent teeth under GA are acceptable. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the long-term success of endodontic treatment performed under GA. This study supports the feasibility of endodontic treatment for patients treated under GA.

[Effects of optical radiation in ocular structures].

PubMed

Pascu, Ruxandra Angela

2007-01-01

The eye and the skin are organs that are particularly vulnerable to external aggression, such as electromagnetic radiation- meaning ultraviolet radiation, visible radiation (especially blue light) and infrared radiation. The three mechanisms involved are: the photo-thermic mechanism, the photochemical mechanism and the photomechanical mechanism. The effects of such exposures can be either temporary or permanent, if inadequate protection occurs. Today, there are enough data so that special protection measures can be taken concerning the potential damage of optical radiation. Among those, we mention artificial implants or sun glasses containing UV filters or surgical gestures that can be taken to protect the eye against the surgical light. Ultimately, the effects of optical radiation upon the eye are related to being well informed about the risks of uncontrolled exposure and the protection measures against it.

Self adhesive dressing pouch for the protection of catheters.

PubMed

de la Cruz Martínez, Maria Teresa; Hernández, María José

2002-01-01

This paper is about a new model of dressing, used for the protection of all types of temporary and permanent catheters. Those who developed this dressing realised the practical difficulties during the placement and removal of traditional dressings, used in haemodialysis units. They also realised that it this was unpleasant for the patients, and there was a risk to the catheters when removing the dressings because of the use of scissors and other cutting instruments. This new dressing solves these previously mentioned problems and at the same time contributes to the comfort of the patients. The model has been registered as a standard using model, and therefore it is protected by law and its copyright (Intellectual Property).

Painting with the Multiple Intelligences: Defining Student Success and Permanence in Art Class

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taspinar, Seyda Eraslan; Kaya, Ali

2016-01-01

Objectives of the study are to determine the effect of teaching based on multiple intelligence theory (TBMIT) in visual arts class on student success and permanence. Experimental design is used in the study. Study group is composed of students at 8th grade in 2012-2013 educational term at Atatürk Secondary School in Igdir city centre. Experimental…

Dental caries.

PubMed

Pitts, Nigel B; Zero, Domenick T; Marsh, Phil D; Ekstrand, Kim; Weintraub, Jane A; Ramos-Gomez, Francisco; Tagami, Junji; Twetman, Svante; Tsakos, Georgios; Ismail, Amid

2017-05-25

Dental caries is a biofilm-mediated, sugar-driven, multifactorial, dynamic disease that results in the phasic demineralization and remineralization of dental hard tissues. Caries can occur throughout life, both in primary and permanent dentitions, and can damage the tooth crown and, in later life, exposed root surfaces. The balance between pathological and protective factors influences the initiation and progression of caries. This interplay between factors underpins the classification of individuals and groups into caries risk categories, allowing an increasingly tailored approach to care. Dental caries is an unevenly distributed, preventable disease with considerable economic and quality-of-life burdens. The daily use of fluoride toothpaste is seen as the main reason for the overall decline of caries worldwide over recent decades. This Primer aims to provide a global overview of caries, acknowledging the historical era dominated by restoration of tooth decay by surgical means, but focuses on current, progressive and more holistic long-term, patient-centred, tooth-preserving preventive care.

Brown skin disease: A syndrome of dysecdysis in Puerto Rican crested toads (Peltophryne lemur).

PubMed

Crawshaw, Graham; Pienkowski, Maria; Lentini, Andrew; Dutton, Christopher; Delnatte, Pauline; Russell, Deanna; Berkvens, Charlene; Barker, Ian; Smith, Dale

2014-01-01

The endangered Puerto Rican crested toad (Peltophryne [Bufo] lemur) has been held and bred in zoos for release into protected areas in Puerto Rico since 1982. In 2004, several cases of a novel syndrome of skin changes in toads were noticed at the Toronto Zoo. A total of 21 toads were found to have similar lesions and the condition has been seen in several other groups of toads in subsequent years. Affected toads show an uncharacteristic sheen of dark-brown leathery skin, followed by recurring dysecdysis, reduced appetite, weight loss, and death from secondary causes. Histologically the condition is characterized by epithelial hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis, ulceration, and the presence of superficial mats of bacterial and fungal agents. No etiology has been identified and to date toads have not permanently responded to treatment with various pharmaceutical and nutritional therapies. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Race/ethnicity differences in the prevalence of noise-induced hearing loss in a group of metal fabricating workers.

PubMed

Ishii, E K; Talbott, E O

1998-08-01

The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health rates noise-induced hearing loss as one of the top 10 work-related problems, involving at least 11 million workers. This retrospective study examines the differences between pure-tone hearing loss and race/ethnicity in 216 white and 70 non-white male metal fabricating workers. Significant variables upon univariate analysis found to be associated with race/ethnicity were mean years of employment and proportion of time worked without hearing protection. Among whites, the permanent threshold average for 1, 2, 3 and 5 kHz was 25.99 dB, compared with 17.71 dB in non-whites (P < 0.01). Backwards stepwise regression indicated that race/ethnicity, after being adjusted for years of employment, was the major-effect variable. The results of this study suggest that occupational noise exposure alone does not alone account for the racial hearing differences.

[Labor accidents involving the eyes: assessment of occupational risks involving nursing workers].

PubMed

de Almeida, Cristiana Brasil; Pagliuca, Lorita Marlena Freitag; Leite, Ana Lourdes Almeida e Silva

2005-01-01

The study aimed at identifying nursing workers who were victims of eye accidents and the type of accident; describing the measures taken and proposing Health Education methods. A descriptive and exploratory study was carried out at a public maternity hospital from September 2002 to January 2003. Data were collected through direct observation of the environment and interviews with workers. Subjects were ten professionals (one nurse, two technicians and seven nursing auxiliaries) who were victims of work accidents involving the eye. The accidents were grouped according to the type of material that caused the trauma: chemical substances (4), medication (3), mechanical trauma (1), scalp (1) and urine (1). The results reveal that hospital workers are vulnerable to labor accidents because the environment presents biological, chemical and physical risks. An important step to prevent the occurrence of new accidents would be the prevention of human mistakes through permanent training and the use of protection glasses.

Comparative Assessment of Conventional Composites and Coloured Compomers in Permanent Molars of Children with Mixed Dentition: A Pilot Study

PubMed Central

Kohli, Divyata; Badakar, Chandrashekhar M; Vyavahare, Supriya S; Shah, Parin P; Gokhale, Niraj S; Patel, Punit M; Mundada, Madhura V

2017-01-01

Introduction Early treatment of carious lesions in children is important for the maintenance of oral health. Multicoloured restorations could be the impetus for an extremely nervous or defiant child to take dental treatment. Aim The aim of this study was to assess and compare the clinical success of conventional composites and coloured compomer material in first permanent molars of children with mixed dentition. Materials and Methods A total of sixty sites, divided into two groups, with thirty subjects in each group using split mouth design were chosen amongst patients reporting to Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry. In control group conventional composites were placed, similarly coloured compomers were placed in experimental group under standard operating protocol. Patients were recalled for assessment of clinical success amongst control as well as experimental group at regular intervals of one; three and six months follow up based on Modified Ryge’s Criteria. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square test using SPSS version 20.0 (Chicago, USA). Results Both conventional composites and coloured compomers had comparable retention rates in terms of anatomical form, marginal integrity, secondary caries and marginal discolouration. Conclusion The coloured compomer material showed promising results in this six month follow up study in permanent molars and had properties comparable to that of conventional composites. PMID:28764297

The Effect of Early Visual Deprivation on the Neural Bases of Auditory Processing.

PubMed

Guerreiro, Maria J S; Putzar, Lisa; Röder, Brigitte

2016-02-03

Transient congenital visual deprivation affects visual and multisensory processing. In contrast, the extent to which it affects auditory processing has not been investigated systematically. Research in permanently blind individuals has revealed brain reorganization during auditory processing, involving both intramodal and crossmodal plasticity. The present study investigated the effect of transient congenital visual deprivation on the neural bases of auditory processing in humans. Cataract-reversal individuals and normally sighted controls performed a speech-in-noise task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging. Although there were no behavioral group differences, groups differed in auditory cortical responses: in the normally sighted group, auditory cortex activation increased with increasing noise level, whereas in the cataract-reversal group, no activation difference was observed across noise levels. An auditory activation of visual cortex was not observed at the group level in cataract-reversal individuals. The present data suggest prevailing auditory processing advantages after transient congenital visual deprivation, even many years after sight restoration. The present study demonstrates that people whose sight was restored after a transient period of congenital blindness show more efficient cortical processing of auditory stimuli (here speech), similarly to what has been observed in congenitally permanently blind individuals. These results underscore the importance of early sensory experience in permanently shaping brain function. Copyright © 2016 the authors 0270-6474/16/361620-11$15.00/0.

Etiological evaluation of primary congenital hypothyroidism cases

PubMed Central

Bezen, Diğdem; Dilek, Emine; Torun, Neşe; Tütüncüler, Filiz

2017-01-01

Aim Primary congenital hypothyroidism is frequently seen endocrine disorder and one of the preventable cause of mental retardation. Aim of study was to evaluate the frequency of permanent/transient hypothyrodism, and to detect underlying reason to identfy any marker which carries potential to discriminate permanent/transient form. Material and Methods Forty eight cases older than 3 years of age, diagnosed as primary congenital hypothyroidism and started thyroxin therapy in newborn-period, and followed up between January 2007–June 2013 were included in the study. Thyroid hormon levels were evaluated and thyroid ultrasonography was performed in cases who are at the end of their 3 years of age, after 6 weeks of thyroxine free period. Thyroid sintigraphy was performed if serum thyroid-stimulating hormone was high (≥ 5 mIU/mL) and perchlorate discharge test was performed if uptake was normal or increased on sintigraphy. Cases with thyroid-stimulating hormone levels ≥ 5 mIU/mL were defined as permanent primary congenital hypothyroidism group and as transient primary congenital hypothyroidism group with normal thyroid hormones during 6 months. Results The mean age was 3.8±0.7 years. Mean diagnosis age was 16.6±6.5 days and 14 cases (29.2%) were diagnosed by screening program of Ministry of Health. There were 23 cases (14F, 9M) in permanent primary congenital hypothyroidism group and 12 (52.2%) of them were dysgenesis (8 hypoplasia, 4 ectopia), and 11 (47.8%) dyshormonogenesis. In transient primary congenital hypothyroidism group, there were 25 cases (17M, 8F). The mean thyroid-stimulating hormone levels at diagnosis were similar in two groups. The mean thyroxin dose in permanent primary congenital hypothyroidism group was significantly higher than transient group at the time of thyroxin cessation (2.1±0.7, 1.5±0.5 mg/kg/d, respectively, p=0.004). Thyroxin dose ≥1.6 mcg/kg/d was 72% sensitive and 69.6% specific for predicting permenant primary congenital hypothyroidism. Conclusions Transient primary congenital hypothyroidism is more frequent than expected and found often in males in the primary congenital hypothyroidism cases, started thyroxin therapy in neonatal period. While fT4, thyroid-stimulating hormone, Tg levels at diagnosis do not predict transient/permenant primary congenital hypothyroidism, thyroxin dose before the therapy cessation at the age of 3 may make the distinction between transient/permenant primary congenital hypothyroidism. PMID:28747839

YUCCA MOUNTAIN PROJECT - A BRIEFING --

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NA

2003-08-05

This report has the following articles: Nuclear waste--a long-term national problem; Spent nuclear fuel; High-level radioactive waste; Radioactivity and the environment; Current storage methods; Disposal options; U.S. policy on nuclear waste; The focus on Yucca Mountain; The purpose and scope of the Yucca Mountain Project; The approach for permanently disposing of waste; The scientific studies at Yucca Mountain; The proposed design for a repository at Yucca Mountain; Natural and engineered barriers would work together to isolate waste; Meticulous science and technology to protect people and the environment; Licensing a repository; Transporting waste to a permanent repository; The Environmental Impact Statementmore » for a repository; Current status of the Yucca Mountain Project; and Further information available on the Internet.« less

Permanent pacemaker insertion following isolated aortic valve replacement before and after the introduction of TAVI.

PubMed

Kogan, Alexander; Sternik, Leonid; Beinart, Roy; Shalabi, Amjad; Glikson, Michael; Spiegelstein, Danny; Levin, Shany; Raanani, Ehud

2015-04-01

Permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation is required in 3-12% of all patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR). Our aim was to evaluate the contemporary incidence and impact of the introduction of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for PPM insertion after isolated AVR. Since 2004, during a 10-year period, a total of 858 patients underwent isolated AVR at our institution. Forty-one patients with PPM before operation were excluded from the study and 817 patients were included in the statistical analysis. Of these, 20 patients (2.45%) developed significant conduction disorders, leading to PPM implantation within 120 days postoperatively. Patients were further divided into two groups. Before (Group I: June 2004 to September 2008) and after (Group II: October 2008 to May 2014) the introduction of the TAVI program. There were 343 patients in Group I and 475 patients in Group II. The incidence of PPM implantation decreased from 3.79% (13 patients) in Group I to 1.47% (seven patients) in Group II (P < 0.001). Risk factors for permanent pacing identified by univariate analysis were: Group I (before introducing TAVI program), pulmonary hypertension, preoperative anemia, age older than 75 years, and previous myocardial infarction. Multivariate analysis identified Group I (before introducing TAVI program; P < 0.005; odds ratio [OR] 15.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 6.3-19.9) and pulmonary hypertension (P < 0.005; OR 12.5, 95% CI 3.2-18.3) to be significant. Irreversible atrio-ventricular block or symptomatic bradycardia requiring PPM implantation is a relatively rare complication. The incidence of PPM implantation after isolated surgical AVR decreased in a contemporary setting after the introduction of the TAVI program. ©2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The purpose of United Nations Security Council practice: Contesting competence claims in the normative context created by the Responsibility to Protect.

PubMed

Ralph, Jason; Gifkins, Jess

2017-09-01

Practice theory provides important insights into the workings of the Security Council. The contribution is currently limited, however, by the conjecture that practice theory operates on 'a different analytical plane' to norm/normative theory. Building on existing critiques, we argue that analysing practices separately from normative positions risks misappropriating competence and reifying practice that is not fit for purpose. This risk is realized in Adler-Nissen and Pouliot's practice-based account of the Libya crisis. By returning the normative context created by the Responsibility to Protect to the analytical foreground, and by drawing on a pragmatic conception of 'ethical competence', we find that pre-reflexive practices uncritically accepted as markers of competence - for example, 'penholding' - can contribute to the Council's failure to act collectively in the face of mass atrocity. Drawing on extensive interview material, we offer an alternative account of the Libya intervention, finding that the practices of the permanent three (France, the UK and the US) did not cultivate the kind of collective consciousness that is required to implement the Responsibility to Protect. This is further illustrated by an account of the Security Council's failure in Syria, where the permanent three's insistence on regime change instrumentalized the Council at the expense of Responsibility to Protect-appropriate practice. This changed when elected members became 'penholders'. Practice theory can facilitate learning processes that help the Council meet its responsibilities, but only through an approach that combines its insights with those of norm/normative theory.

The purpose of United Nations Security Council practice: Contesting competence claims in the normative context created by the Responsibility to Protect

PubMed Central

Ralph, Jason; Gifkins, Jess

2016-01-01

Practice theory provides important insights into the workings of the Security Council. The contribution is currently limited, however, by the conjecture that practice theory operates on ‘a different analytical plane’ to norm/normative theory. Building on existing critiques, we argue that analysing practices separately from normative positions risks misappropriating competence and reifying practice that is not fit for purpose. This risk is realized in Adler-Nissen and Pouliot’s practice-based account of the Libya crisis. By returning the normative context created by the Responsibility to Protect to the analytical foreground, and by drawing on a pragmatic conception of ‘ethical competence’, we find that pre-reflexive practices uncritically accepted as markers of competence — for example, ‘penholding’ — can contribute to the Council’s failure to act collectively in the face of mass atrocity. Drawing on extensive interview material, we offer an alternative account of the Libya intervention, finding that the practices of the permanent three (France, the UK and the US) did not cultivate the kind of collective consciousness that is required to implement the Responsibility to Protect. This is further illustrated by an account of the Security Council’s failure in Syria, where the permanent three’s insistence on regime change instrumentalized the Council at the expense of Responsibility to Protect-appropriate practice. This changed when elected members became ‘penholders’. Practice theory can facilitate learning processes that help the Council meet its responsibilities, but only through an approach that combines its insights with those of norm/normative theory. PMID:29278256

Stimuli responsive charge-switchable lipids: Capture and release of nucleic acids.

PubMed

Hersey, Joseph S; LaManna, Caroline M; Lusic, Hrvoje; Grinstaff, Mark W

2016-03-01

Stimuli responsive lipids, which enable control over the formation, transformation, and disruption of supramolecular assemblies, are of interest for biosensing, diagnostics, drug delivery, and basic transmembrane protein studies. In particular, spatiotemporal control over a supramolecular structure can be achieved using light activated compounds to induce significant supramolecular rearrangements. As such, a family of cationic lipids are described which undergo a permanent switch in charge upon exposure to 365 nm ultraviolet (UV) light to enable the capture of negatively charged nucleic acids within the self-assembled supramolecular structure of the lipids and subsequent release of these macromolecules upon exposure to UV light and disruption of the assemblies. The lipids are composed of either two different tripeptide head groups, Lysine-Glycine-Glycine (KGG) and Glycine-Glycine-Glycine (GGG) and three different hydrocarbon chain lengths (C6, C10, or C14) terminated by a UV light responsive 1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethanol (NPE) protected carboxylic acid. The photolysis of the NPE protected lipid is measured as a function of time, and the resulting changes in net molecular charge are observed using zeta potential analysis for each head group and chain length combination. A proof of concept study for the capture and release of both linear DNA (calf thymus) and siRNA is presented using an ethidium bromide quenching assay where a balance between binding affinity and supramolecular stability are found to be the key to optimal nucleic acid capture and release. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

3 CFR 8896 - Proclamation 8896 of November 1, 2012. National Adoption Month, 2012

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... organizations across America to help connect children with adoptive parents, and we continue to work with State... Proclamation As a Nation that believes all children deserve the chance to reach their full potential, we have a fundamental responsibility to ensure each of them grows up knowing the love and protection of a permanent...

Summary Report: Forest Health Monitoring in the South, 1991

Treesearch

William A. Bechtold; William H. Hoffard; Robert L. Anderson

1992-01-01

The USDA Forest Service and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency have launched a joint program to monitor the health of forests iu the United States. The program is still in the initial phases of implementation, but several indicators of forest health are undergoiug development and permanent plots have been established in 12 States. This report contains...

Summary report: Forest health monitoring in the South, 1992

Treesearch

John S. Vissage; William H. Hoffard

1997-01-01

In 1990, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency launched a cooperative program, Forest Health Monitoring, to monitor the health of the Nation's forests. Several indicators of forest health have been measured on permanent plots in 14 States. Data gathered from Alabama, Georgia, and Virginia in 1992 are...

78 FR 44965 - Notice of Proposed Withdrawal Extension and Opportunity for Public Meeting for the Grays Lake...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-25

... National Wildlife Refuge Headquarters capital investments and will cover the same area currently withdrawn... constrain nondiscretionary uses which could result in permanent loss of significant values and capital investments. A water right with a priority date of 1969 is in place for stock water, domestic, fire protection...

76 FR 34732 - Privacy Act of 1974; Department of Homeland Security/National Protection and Programs Directorate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-14

... and Lawful Permanent Residents i. Full name; ii. Date of birth; and iii. Citizenship or Gender. b. Non-U.S. persons i. Full name; ii. Date of birth; iii. Citizenship; and iv. Passport information and/or...; c. Gender; d. Citizenship; and e. Redress Number. (5) DHS could collect additional identifying...

46 CFR 194.10-20 - Magazine chest construction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... lid shall have a minimum thickness of 1/8 inch. (b) Permanent sun shields shall be provided for sides... distance of 11/2 inches. Sun shields may be omitted when chests are installed “on deck protected,” shielded from direct exposure to the sun. (c) Chests shall be limited to a gross capacity of 100 cubic feet. (d...

46 CFR 194.10-20 - Magazine chest construction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... lid shall have a minimum thickness of 1/8 inch. (b) Permanent sun shields shall be provided for sides... distance of 11/2 inches. Sun shields may be omitted when chests are installed “on deck protected,” shielded from direct exposure to the sun. (c) Chests shall be limited to a gross capacity of 100 cubic feet. (d...

46 CFR 194.10-20 - Magazine chest construction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... lid shall have a minimum thickness of 1/8 inch. (b) Permanent sun shields shall be provided for sides... distance of 11/2 inches. Sun shields may be omitted when chests are installed “on deck protected,” shielded from direct exposure to the sun. (c) Chests shall be limited to a gross capacity of 100 cubic feet. (d...

46 CFR 194.10-20 - Magazine chest construction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... lid shall have a minimum thickness of 1/8 inch. (b) Permanent sun shields shall be provided for sides... distance of 11/2 inches. Sun shields may be omitted when chests are installed “on deck protected,” shielded from direct exposure to the sun. (c) Chests shall be limited to a gross capacity of 100 cubic feet. (d...

46 CFR 194.10-20 - Magazine chest construction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... lid shall have a minimum thickness of 1/8 inch. (b) Permanent sun shields shall be provided for sides... distance of 11/2 inches. Sun shields may be omitted when chests are installed “on deck protected,” shielded from direct exposure to the sun. (c) Chests shall be limited to a gross capacity of 100 cubic feet. (d...

To expand the PROTECT Our Children Act of 2008 to include combating the transfer of permanent custody or control of a minor in contravention of a required legal procedure, and for other purposes.

THOMAS, 113th Congress

Rep. Johnson, Eddie Bernice [D-TX-30

2014-05-21

House - 07/21/2014 Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Investigations. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Examining the role of methamphetamine in permanency: A competing risks analysis of reunification, guardianship, and adoption.

PubMed

Akin, Becci A; Brook, Jody; Lloyd, Margaret H

2015-03-01

Parental methamphetamine use has drawn significant attention in recent years. Despite prior research that shows that parental substance abuse is a risk factor for lengthy foster care stay, little is known about the effect of specific types of substance use on permanency. This study sought to compare the impact of parental methamphetamine use to alcohol use, other drug use, and polysubstance use on the timing of 3 types of permanency: reunification, guardianship, and adoption. Using an entry cohort of 16,620 children who had entered foster care during a 5-year period, competing risks event history models were conducted for each permanency type. Findings showed that, after controlling for several case characteristics, parent illicit drug use significantly impacted the timing of the 3 types of permanency, but alcohol use did not. Methamphetamine, other drug, and polysubstance with methamphetamine use were associated with lower rates of reunification and higher rates of adoption. Guardianship was also predicted by other drug and polysubstance use without methamphetamine; however, methamphetamine use was not associated with guardianship. Notably, the methamphetamine groups comprised the youngest children and had the shortest median time to adoption. Results suggest that type of parental substance use is predictive of permanency exits and that parental illicit drug use may require tailored strategies for improving permanency outcomes. Further implications of the findings are discussed. (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).

Enduring Attraction: America’s Dependence on and Need to Secure Its Supply of Permanent Magnets

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-02-16

AIR WAR COLLEGE AIR UNIVERSITY ENDURING ATTRACTION: AMERICA‟S DEPENDENCE ON AND NEED TO SECURE ITS SUPPLY OF PERMANENT MAGNETS by...February 2011 Distribution A: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited ii DISCLAIMER The views expressed in this academic...command of the 628th Mission Support Group at Joint Base Charleston, South Carolina following graduation from Air War College. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS

Dental enamel defects in German medieval and early-modern-age populations.

PubMed

Lang, J; Birkenbeil, S; Bock, S; Heinrich-Weltzien, R; Kromeyer-Hauschild, K

2016-11-01

Aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and type of developmental defects of enamel (DDE) in a medieval and an early-modern-age population from Thuringia, Germany. Sixty-six skeletons subdivided into 31 single burials (12 th /13 th c.) and 35 individuals buried in groups (15 th /16 th c.) were examined. DDE were classified on 1,246 teeth according to the DDE index. Molar-incisor-hypomineralisation (MIH), a special type of DDE, was recorded according to the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria. DDE was found in 89.4% of the individuals (single burials 90.3% and group burials 88.6%). Hypoplastic pits were the most frequent defect in primary teeth and linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) in permanent teeth. 13 individuals (24.1%) showed at least one hypomineralised permanent tooth, 12.2% had MIH on at least one first permanent molar and 10.0% in permanent incisors. Second primary molars were affected in 8.0% of the children and juveniles. No individual suffered from affected molars and incisors in combination. Endogenous factors like nutritional deficiencies and health problems in early childhood could have been aetiological reasons of DDE and MIH. The frequency of DDE and MIH might have been masked by extended carious lesions, dental wear and ante-mortem tooth loss.

Parents' perception of dental caries in intellectually disabled children.

PubMed

Weckwerth, Solange Aparecida Modesto; Weckwerth, Giovana Maria; Ferrairo, Bunna Mota; Chicrala, Gabriela Moura; Ambrosio, Alexandre Macedo Natitucci; Toyoshima, Guilherme Hideki Lima; Bastos, José Roberto Magalhães; Pinto, Edu Cassiano; Velasco, Sofia Rafaela Maito; Bastos, Roosevelt Silva

2016-11-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the parents' perception of dental caries in children with intellectual disability. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 6 to 14 years old schoolchildren: Group 1 (50 children diagnosed with intellectual disabilities) and Group 2 (50 children without it). The dental caries was assessed by the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria for primary and permanent teeth. Parents' psychosocial perception was assessed by Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS). Similar prevalence of caries free children was found between groups in both dentitions. In primary dentition the caries index was higher in Group 2, and the opposite occurred in permanent teeth. Group 1 presented higher impact (p < .05) in the dimension drinking, eating and pronunciation, whereas in Group 2 there was higher impact (p = .01) on pain, sleep, irritation, the smile and family finances. Findings showed significant impact of dental caries on parents' perception of the oral health related quality of life of children with intellectual disabilities. © 2016 Special Care Dentistry Association and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Health care and personal care needs among residents in nursing homes, group homes, and congregate housing in Japan: why does transition occur, and where can the frail elderly establish a permanent residence?

PubMed

Nakanishi, Miharu; Hattori, Keiko; Nakashima, Taeko; Sawamura, Kanae

2014-01-01

Japan has had high rates of transition to nursing homes from other long term care facilities. It has been hypothesized that care transitions occur because a resident's condition deteriorates. The aim of the present study was to compare the health care and personal care needs of residents in nursing homes, group homes, and congregate housing in Japan. The present study was conducted using a cross-sectional study design. The present study included 70,519 elderly individuals from 5 types of residential facilities: care medical facilities (heavy medical care; n = 17,358), geriatric intermediate care facilities (rehabilitation aimed toward a discharge to home; n = 26,136), special nursing homes (permanent residence; n = 20,564), group homes (group living, n = 1454), and fee-based homes for the elderly (congregate housing; n = 5007). The managing director at each facility provided information on the residents' health care and personal care needs, including activities of daily living (ADLs), level of required care, level of cognitive impairment, current disease treatment, and medical procedures. A multinomial logistic regression analysis demonstrated a significantly lower rate of medical procedures among the residents in special nursing homes compared with those in care medical facilities, geriatric intermediate care facilities, group homes, and fee-based homes for the elderly. The residents of special nursing homes also indicated a significantly lower level of required care than those in care medical facilities. The results of our study suggest that care transitions occur because of unavailable permanent residence option for people who suffer with medical deterioration. The national government should modify residential facilities by reorganizing several types of residential facilities into nursing homes that provide a place of permanent residence. Copyright © 2014 American Medical Directors Association, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Eruption of first permanent incisors and live weight gain in grazing yearling Angora goats.

PubMed

McGregor, B A; Butler, K L

2013-05-01

To investigate the effects of the timing and duration of eruption of the first permanent incisors, live weight, sex and other factors on contemporaneous live weight gain in Angora goats. Goats were previously part of a pen study on the effects of energy intake of Angora does during pregnancy and lactation on kid development. The design was 3 levels of nutrition in mid-pregnancy by 2 levels of postnatal nutrition in 17 randomised blocks. Artificial insemination, ultrasound examination and feeding does in pens enabled accurate conduct of the study. After weaning, goats were grazed in sex groups. Live weight change between 14 and 20 months of age was related to deciduous first incisor loss and permanent first incisor development and other attributes assessed before the study. Live weight change was related to the elapsed time for first permanent incisors to commence eruption and to the length of time for first permanent incisors to erupt. This response was affected by sex. Over summer and autumn, entire males with short eruption intervals gained 2-3 kg more than entire males with long eruption intervals. Females that reached first permanent incisor eruption by mid-summer had a live weight gain of 3 kg more than those that reached the same development 3 months later. Live weight change in yearling Angora goats was associated with the process of first permanent incisor eruption. In females, live weight gain was greater when first permanent incisor eruption was earlier. In males, live weight gain was greater when first permanent incisor eruption was faster. © 2013 The Authors. Australian Veterinary Journal © 2013 Australian Veterinary Association.

Permanent education in health: a review

PubMed Central

Miccas, Fernanda Luppino; Batista, Sylvia Helena Souza da Silva

2014-01-01

OBJECTIVE To undertake a meta-synthesis of the literature on the main concepts and practices related to permanent education in health. METHODS A bibliographical search was conducted for original articles in the PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, IBECS and SciELO databases, using the following search terms: “public health professional education”, “permanent education”, “continuing education”, “permanent education health”. Of the 590 articles identified, after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 48 were selected for further analysis, grouped according to the criteria of key elements, and then underwent meta-synthesis. RESULTS The 48 original publications were classified according to four thematic units of key elements: 1) concepts, 2) strategies and difficulties, 3) public policies and 4) educational institutions. Three main conceptions of permanent education in health were found: problem-focused and team work, directly related to continuing education and education that takes place throughout life. The main strategies for executing permanent education in health are discussion, maintaining an open space for permanent education, and permanent education clusters. The most limiting factor is mainly related to directly or indirect management. Another highlight is the requirement for implementation and maintenance of public policies, and the availability of financial and human resources. The educational institutions need to combine education and service aiming to form critical-reflexive graduates. CONCLUSIONS The coordination between health and education is based as much on the actions of health services as on management and educational institutions. Thus, it becomes a challenge to implement the teaching-learning processes that are supported by critical-reflexive actions. It is necessary to carry out proposals for permanent education in health involving the participation of health professionals, teachers and educational institutions. PMID:24789649

Pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress pathways which compromise sperm motility and survival may be altered by L-carnitine

PubMed Central

Helal, Gouda K; Al-Yahya, Abdulaziz A; Aleisa, Abdulaziz M; Al-Rejaie, Salim S; Al-Bakheet, Saleh A

2009-01-01

The testis is an immunologically privileged organ. Sertoli cells can form a blood-testis barrier and protect sperm cells from self-immune system attacks. Spermatogenesis may be inhibited by severe illness, bacterial infections and chronic inflammatory diseases but the mechanism(s) is poorly understood. Our objective is to help in understanding such mechanism(s) to develop protective agents against temporary or permanent testicular dysfunction. Lipopolysaccaride (LPS) is used as a model of animal sepsis while L-carnitine (LCR) is used as a protective agent. A total of 60 male Swiss albino rats were divided into four groups (15/group). The control group received Saline; the 2nd group was given LCR (500 mg/kg i.p, once). The third group was treated with LPS (5 mg/kg i.p once) and the fourth group received LCR then LPS after three hours. From each group, five rats were used for histopathological examination. Biochemical parameters were assessed in the remaining ten rats. At the end of the experiment, animals were lightly anaesthetized with ether where blood samples were collected and testes were dissected on ice. Sperm count and motility were evaluated from cauda epididymis in each animal. Also, oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring testicular contents of reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-HDG, the DNA adduct for oxidative damage) in testicular DNA. The pro-inflammatory mediator nitric oxide (NO) in addition to lactate dehydrogenase (LDHx) isoenzyme-x activity as an indicator for normal spermatozoal metabolism were assessed in testicular homogenate. Serum interlukin (IL)-2 level was also assessed as a marker for T-helper cell function. The obtained data revealed that LPS induced marked reductions in sperm's count and motility, obstruction in seminiferous tubules, hypospermia and dilated congested blood vessels in testicular sections concomitant with decreased testicular GSH content and LDHx activity. Moreover, the testicular levels of MDA, 8-HDG (in testicular DNA) and NO as well as serum IL-2 level were increased. Administration of LCR before LPS returned both sperm count and motility to normal levels. Also, contents of testicular GSH, MDA, 8-HDG and NO returned back to the corresponding control values. In addition, serum IL-2 level as well as histological abnormalities were markedly improved in LCR + LPS-treated rats. In conclusion, LPS increased proinflammatory and oxidative stress markers in the testis leading to a marked testicular dysfunction. L-carnitine administration ameliorates these effects by antioxidant and/or anti-inflammatory mechanisms suggesting a protective role against male infertility in severely infected or septic patients. PMID:20357928

Influence of Age and Apical Diameter on the Success of Endodontic Regeneration Procedures.

PubMed

Estefan, Bishoy Safwat; El Batouty, Kariem Mostafa; Nagy, Mohamed Mokhtar; Diogenes, Anibal

2016-11-01

Treatment of immature permanent teeth with necrotic pulp and apical pathosis constitutes a challenge for endodontists. The present study was done to evaluate the effect of age and apical diameter on the regenerative potential of young permanent immature teeth with necrotic pulps. Immature necrotic permanent maxillary incisors (n = 40) of patients 9-18 years old were divided into 2 groups according to the treatment protocol: group Y (younger age group), 9-13 years and group O (older age group), 14-18 years. Each group was further subdivided into 2 subgroups according to apical diameter, subgroup (n) (narrower diameter) between 0.5 and 1 mm and subgroup (w) (wider diameter) equal to or greater than 1 mm. Revascularization procedures were performed for all patients. Follow-up was done for up to 12 months. Standardized radiographs were digitally evaluated for increase in root length and thickness and decrease in apical diameter. After the follow-up period, most of the cases demonstrated radiographic evidence of periapical healing. Group Y showed significant progressive increase in root length and width and decrease in apical diameter. Subgroup (w) representing wider apical diameter showed significant progress as well. It was found that revascularization procedures can be implemented in any age ranging from 9 to 18 years; however, younger age groups were better candidates for revascularization procedure than older ones. Regarding the apical diameter, regeneration procedures were successful with apical diameters as small as 0.5 mm. However, teeth with preoperative wider diameters (≥1 mm) demonstrated greater increase in root thickness, length, and apical narrowing. Copyright © 2016 American Association of Endodontists. All rights reserved.

Effects of noise pollution over the blood serum immunoglobulins and auditory system on the VFM airport workers, Van, Turkey.

PubMed

Akan, Zafer; Körpinar, Mehmet Ali; Tulgar, Metin

2011-06-01

Noise pollution is a common health problem for developing countries. Especially highways and airports lead to noise pollution in different levels and in many frequencies. In this study, we focused on the effect of noise pollution in airports. This work aimed measurements of noise pollution levels in Van Ferit Melen (VFM) airport and effect of noise pollution over the immunoglobulin A, G, and M changes among VFM airport workers in Turkey. It was seen that apron and terminal workers were exposed to high noise (>80 dB(A)) without any protective precautions. Noise-induced temporary threshold shifts and noise-induced permanent threshold shifts were detected between the apron workers (p < 0.001) and terminal workers (p < 0.005). IgA values of apron terminal and control group workers were approximately the same in the morning and increased in a linear manner during the day. This increase was statistically significant (p < 0.001). IgG and IgM values of apron, terminal, and control group workers were approximately same in the morning. Apron and terminal workers IgG and IgM levels were increased until noon and then decreased until evening as compare to control group, but these changes were not statically significant (p > 0.05). These findings suggested that the noise pollution in the VFM airport could lead to hearing loss and changes in blood serum immunoglobulin levels of airport workers. Blood serum immunoglobulin changes might be due to vibrational effects of noise pollution. Airport workers should apply protective precautions against effect of noise pollution in the VFM airport.

Phospholipase A2 superfamily members play divergent roles after spinal cord injury

PubMed Central

López-Vales, Rubèn; Ghasemlou, Nader; Redensek, Adriana; Kerr, Bradley J.; Barbayianni, Efrosini; Antonopoulou, Georgia; Baskakis, Constantinos; Rathore, Khizr I.; Constantinou-Kokotou, Violetta; Stephens, Daren; Shimizu, Takao; Dennis, Edward A.; Kokotos, George; David, Samuel

2011-01-01

Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in permanent loss of motor functions. A significant aspect of the tissue damage and functional loss may be preventable as it occurs, secondary to the trauma. We show that the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) superfamily plays important roles in SCI. PLA2 enzymes hydrolyze membrane glycerophospholipids to yield a free fatty acid and lysophospholipid. Some free fatty acids (arachidonic acid) give rise to eicosanoids that promote inflammation, while some lysophospholipids (lysophosphatidylcholine) cause demyelination. We show in a mouse model of SCI that two cytosolic forms [calcium-dependent PLA2 group IVA (cPLA2 GIVA) and calcium-independent PLA2 group VIA (iPLA2 GVIA)], and a secreted form [secreted PLA2 group IIA (sPLA2 GIIA)] are up-regulated. Using selective inhibitors and null mice, we show that these PLA2s play differing roles. cPLA2 GIVA mediates protection, whereas sPLA2 GIIA and, to a lesser extent, iPLA2 GVIA are detrimental. Furthermore, completely blocking all three PLA2s worsens outcome, while the most beneficial effects are seen by partial inhibition of all three. The partial inhibitor enhances expression of cPLA2 and mediates its beneficial effects via the prostaglandin EP1 receptor. These findings indicate that drugs that inhibit detrimental forms of PLA2 (sPLA2 and iPLA2) and up-regulate the protective form (cPLA2) may be useful for the treatment of SCI.—López-Vales, R., Ghasemlou, N., Redensek, A., Kerr, B. J., Barbayianni, E., Antonopoulou, G., Baskakis, C., Rathore, K. I., Constantinou-Kokotou, V., Stephens, D., Shimizu, T., Dennis, E. A., Kokotos, G., David, S. Phospholipase A2 superfamily members play divergent roles after spinal cord injury. PMID:21868473

Geographic epidemiology in a small area: cancer incidence in Baakline, Lebanon, 2000-2008.

PubMed

Adib, S M; Tabbal, N; Hamadeh, R; Ammar, W

2013-04-01

Aggregate data of the National Clr cac gi s in Lebanon cannot discriminate cance r incidence i n small areas. Trained community members surveyed the permanent population of the Baakline municipality using the verbal autopsy approach. We surveyed 1042 households with at least 1 member living permanently in Baakline during 2000-2008. Data covered 4330 persons yielding 34,143 years of observation and 56 new cases of cancer were reported. Median age at diagnosis varied significantly between men (77 years) and women (56 years). The most common types were lung cancer (20%) followed by colorectal (12.5%) and breast (9%). Estimated crude cancer incidence rate was 164 cases/100,000 persons/year, significantly higher in men (194) than women (130), and much lower overall than the national figure (218). The permanent Baakline population is older than that of Lebanon itself, yet the cancer incidence rate is markedly lower than the national figure. This finding pleads for serious efforts to preserve the low environmental contamination and the healthy lifestyles in food and tobacco abstinence that have protected the population so far.

Frequency-Dependent Selection: The High Potential for Permanent Genetic Variation in the Diallelic, Pairwise Interaction Model

PubMed Central

Asmussen, M. A.; Basnayake, E.

1990-01-01

A detailed analytic and numerical study is made of the potential for permanent genetic variation in frequency-dependent models based on pairwise interactions among genotypes at a single diallelic locus. The full equilibrium structure and qualitative gene-frequency dynamics are derived analytically for a symmetric model, in which pairwise fitnesses are chiefly determined by the genetic similarity of the individuals involved. This is supplemented by an extensive numerical investigation of the general model, the symmetric model, and nine other special cases. Together the results show that there is a high potential for permanent genetic diversity in the pairwise interaction model, and provide insight into the extent to which various forms of genotypic interactions enhance or reduce this potential. Technically, although two stable polymorphic equilibria are possible, the increased likelihood of maintaining both alleles, and the poor performance of protected polymorphism conditions as a measure of this likelihood, are primarily due to a greater variety and frequency of equilibrium patterns with one stable polymorphic equilibrium, in conjunction with a disproportionately large domain of attraction for stable internal equilibria. PMID:2341034

Influence of relief on permanent preservation areas.

PubMed

Dos Santos, Alexandre Rosa; Chimalli, Tessa; Peluzio, João Batista Esteves; da Silva, Aderbal Gomes; Dos Santos, Gleissy Mary Amaral Dino Alves; Lorenzon, Alexandre Simões; Teixeira, Thaisa Ribeiro; de Castro, Nero Lemos Martins; Soares Ribeiro, Carlos Antonio Alvares

2016-01-15

Many countries have environmental legislation to protecting natural resources on private property. In Brazil, the Brazilian Forestry Code determines specific areas to maintain with natural vegetation cover, known as areas of permanent preservation (APP). Currently, there are few studies that relate topographic variables on APP. In this context, we sought to evaluate the influence of relief on the conservation of areas of permanent preservation (APP) in the areas surrounding Caparaó National Park, Brazil. By using the chi-squared statistical test, we verified that the presence of forest cover is closely associated with altitude. The classes of APP in better conservation status are slopes in addition to hilltops and mountains, whereas APP streams and springs are among the areas most affected by human activities. The most deforested areas are located at altitudes below 1100.00 m and on slopes less than 45°. All orientations of the sides were significant for APP conservation status, with the southern, southeastern, and southwestern sides showing the lower degrees of impact. The methodology can be adjusted to environmental legislation to other countries.

Fireworks type, injury pattern, and permanent impairment following severe fireworks-related injuries.

PubMed

Sandvall, Brinkley K; Jacobson, Lauren; Miller, Erin A; Dodge, Ryan E; Alex Quistberg, D; Rowhani-Rahbar, Ali; Vavilala, Monica S; Friedrich, Jeffrey B; Keys, Kari A

2017-10-01

There is a paucity of clinical data on severe fireworks-related injuries, and the relationship between firework types, injury patterns, and magnitude of impairment is not well understood. Our objective was to describe the relationship between fireworks type, injury patterns, and impairment. Retrospective case series (2005-2015) of patients who sustained consumer fireworks-related injuries requiring hospital admission and/or an operation at a Level 1 Trauma/Burn Center. Fireworks types, injury patterns (body region, injury type), operation, and permanent impairment were examined. Data from 294 patients 1 to 61years of age (mean 24years) were examined. The majority (90%) were male. 119 (40%) patients were admitted who did not undergo surgery, 163 (55%) patients required both admission and surgery, and 12 (5%) patients underwent outpatient surgery. The greatest proportion of injuries was related to shells/mortars (39%). There were proportionally more rocket injuries in children (44%), more homemade firework injuries in teens (34%), and more shell/mortar injuries in adults (86%). Brain, face, and hand injuries were disproportionately represented in the shells/mortars group. Seventy percent of globe-injured patients experienced partial or complete permanent vision loss. Thirty-seven percent of hand-injured patients required at least one partial or whole finger/hand amputation. The greatest proportion of eye and hand injuries resulting in permanent impairment was in the shells/mortars group, followed by homemade fireworks. Two patients died. Severe fireworks-related injuries from homemade fireworks and shells/mortars have specific injury patterns. Shells/mortars disproportionately cause permanent impairment from eye and hand injury. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Early working memory as a racially and ethnically neutral measure of outcome in extremely preterm children at 18-22 months

PubMed Central

Lowe, Jean R.; Duncan, Andrea Freeman; Bann, Carla M.; Fuller, Janell; Hintz, Susan R.; Das, Abhik; Higgins, Rosemary D.; Watterberg, Kristi L.

2013-01-01

Background Difficulties with executive function has been found in preterm children, resulting in difficulties with learning and school performance. Aim This study evaluated the relationship of early working memory as measured by object permanence items to the cognitive and language scores on the Bayley Scales-III in a cohort of children born extremely preterm. Study Design Logistic regression models were conducted to compare object permanence scores derived from the Bayley Scales-III by race/ethnicity and maternal education, controlling for medical covariates. Subjects Extremely preterm toddlers (526), who were part of a Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network's multi-center study, were evaluated at 18-22 months corrected age. Outcome Measures Object permanence scores derived from the Bayley Developmental Scales were compared by race/ethnicity and maternal education, controlling for medical covariates. Results There were no significant differences in object permanence mastery and scores among the treatment groups after controlling for medical and social variables, including maternal education and race/ethnicity. Males and children with intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia were less likely to demonstrate object permanence mastery and had lower object permanence scores. Children who attained object permanence mastery had significantly higher Bayley Scales-III cognitive and language scores after controlling for medical and socio-economic factors. Conclusions Our measure of object permanence is free of influence from race, ethnic and socio-economic factors. Adding this simple task to current clinical practice could help detect early executive function difficulties in young children. PMID:23993309

Early working memory as a racially and ethnically neutral measure of outcome in extremely preterm children at 18-22 months.

PubMed

Lowe, Jean R; Duncan, Andrea Freeman; Bann, Carla M; Fuller, Janell; Hintz, Susan R; Das, Abhik; Higgins, Rosemary D; Watterberg, Kristi L

2013-12-01

Difficulties with executive function have been found in preterm children, resulting in difficulties with learning and school performance. This study evaluated the relationship of early working memory as measured by object permanence items to the cognitive and language scores on the Bayley Scales-III in a cohort of children born extremely preterm. Logistic regression models were conducted to compare object permanence scores derived from the Bayley Scales-III by race/ethnicity and maternal education, controlling for medical covariates. Extremely preterm toddlers (526), who were part of a Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network's multi-center study, were evaluated at 18-22 months corrected age. Object permanence scores derived from the Bayley Developmental Scales were compared by race/ethnicity and maternal education, controlling for medical covariates. There were no significant differences in object permanence mastery and scores among the treatment groups after controlling for medical and social variables, including maternal education and race/ethnicity. Males and children with intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia were less likely to demonstrate object permanence mastery and had lower object permanence scores. Children who attained object permanence mastery had significantly higher Bayley Scales-III cognitive and language scores after controlling for medical and socio-economic factors. Our measure of object permanence is free of influence from race, ethnic and socio-economic factors. Adding this simple task to current clinical practice could help detect early executive function difficulties in young children. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

26 CFR 1.1503(d)-7 - Examples.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) P, a domestic corporation and the common parent of the P consolidated group, owns S, a domestic corporation and a member of the P consolidated group. (3) DRCX, a domestic corporation, is subject to Country... consolidated group any commonly controlled branches and permanent establishments in such jurisdiction, and...

75 FR 43537 - Mortgagee Review Board: Administrative Actions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-26

...., Fountain Valley, CA. 469. Ironwood Lending, Inc., Phoenix, AZ. 470. IVC Mortgage Group, Inc., Des Plaines..., connected, or had authorization from HUD for its Web site. 3. Americare Investment Group, Inc. d/b/a Premier... Notice of Administrative Action to Americare Investment Group, Inc. (Americare) permanently withdrawing...

A repellent net as a new technology to protect cabbage crops.

PubMed

Martin, T; Palix, R; Kamal, A; Delétré, E; Bonafos, R; Simon, S; Ngouajio, M

2013-08-01

Floating row covers or insect-proof nets with fine mesh are effective at protecting vegetable crops against aphids but negatively impact plant health, especially under warm conditions. Furthermore, in control of cabbage insect pests, aphid parasitoids cannot enter the fine-mesh nets, leading to frequent aphid outbreaks. To surmount these difficulties, a 40-mesh-size repellent net treated with alphacypermethrin was studied in laboratory and field tests. Results showed both irritant and repellent effects of the alphacypermethrin-treated net on Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and its parasitoid Aphidius colemani (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Under field conditions, there were no pests on cabbage protected with the repellent net. The repellent net allowed combining a visual and repellent barrier against aphids. Because of this additive effect, repellent nets allowed covering cabbage permanently with adequate protection against all pests.

Laser designator protection filter for see-spot thermal imaging systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Donval, Ariela; Fisher, Tali; Lipman, Ofir; Oron, Moshe

2012-06-01

In some cases the FLIR has an open window in the 1.06 micrometer wavelength range; this capability is called 'see spot' and allows seeing a laser designator spot using the FLIR. A problem arises when the returned laser energy is too high for the camera sensitivity, and therefore can cause damage to the sensor. We propose a non-linear, solid-state dynamic filter solution protecting from damage in a passive way. Our filter blocks the transmission, only if the power exceeds a certain threshold as opposed to spectral filters that block a certain wavelength permanently. In this paper we introduce the Wideband Laser Protection Filter (WPF) solution for thermal imaging systems possessing the ability to see the laser spot.

Comparative evaluation of border molding, using two different techniques in maxillary edentulous arches - An in vivo study

PubMed Central

Yarapatineni, Rameshbabu; Vilekar, Abhishek; Kumar, J Phani; Kumar, G Ajay; Aravind, Prasad; Kumar, P Anil

2013-01-01

Background: This study was undertaken to compare the retention between sectional border molding using low fusing greenstick compound and single step border molding using condensation silicone (putty) impression material in three stages- A. Immediately following border molding, B. After final impression and C. With the finished permanent denture base. Materials & Methods: In this study evaluation of retentive values of sectional border molding (Group I) (custom impression trays border molded with green stick compound ) and single step border molding (Group II) ( border molding with condensation silicone (putty) impression material ). In both techniques definitive wash impression were made with light body condensation silicone and permanent denture base with heat cure polymerization resin. Results: Group II was significantly higher (mean=8011.43) than Group I (mean=5777.43) in test-A. The t-value (1.5883) infers that there was significant difference between Group I and Group II (p =0.15). Group I was significantly higher (mean=6718.57) than Group II (mean=5224.29) in test -B. The t-value (1.6909) infers that there was significant difference between Group I and Group II (p=0.17). Group II was higher (mean=4025.14) than Group I (mean=3835.07) in test -C. The t-value was 0.1239. But it was found to be statistically insignificant (p=0.005). Conclusion: Within the limitation of this clinical study border molding custom tray with low fusing green stick compound provided similar retention as compared to custom impression tray with condensation silicone in permanent denture base. How to cite this article: Yarapatineni R, Vilekar A, Kumar JP, Kumar GA, Aravind P, Kumar PA. Comparative evaluation of border molding, using two different techniques in maxillary edentulous arches - An in vivo study. J Int Oral Health 2013; 5(6):82-7 . PMID:24453450

Changes in deciduous and permanent dentinal tubules diameter after several conditioning protocols: In vitro study.

PubMed

de Los Angeles Moyaho-Bernal, María; Contreras-Bulnes, Rosalía; Rodríguez-Vilchis, Laura Emma; Rubio-Rosas, Efraín

2018-05-08

Innovators conditioning protocols are emerged in permanent dentin, however for deciduous dentin the information is limited; the aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro diameter of deciduous and permanent dentinal tubules after several conditioning protocols. Eighty dentin samples were distributed in sixteen groups (n = 5 p/g) and dentin surface was conditioned as follow: G1D/G1P acid etching; G2D/G2P, self-etch adhesive; G3D/G3P, G4D/G4P, Er: YAG laser irradiation at 200 mJ-25.5 J/cm 2 and 300 mJ-38.2 J/cm 2 , at 10 Hz under water spray respectively; G5D/G5P, G6D/G6P, G7D/G7P, and G8D/G8P were irradiated under the same energy densities followed phosphoric acid or self-etch adhesive conditioning. The sample dentin of deciduous and permanent teeth was analyzed with scanning electron microscopy and tubule diameter was evaluated by Image Tools Scandium program. Data were subjected to one-way analysis ANOVA to compare among groups with a level of significance at p ≤ .05. For deciduous dentin, diameters were from 1.52 ± 0.32 µm in G3D to 3.88 ± 0.37 µm in G1D; narrowest and widest diameter, respectively (p < .000). While permanent dentin tubules exhibited diameters from 1.16 ± 0.16/1.19 ± 0.12 µm in G7P/G8P to 2.76 ± 0.28 µm in G6P; narrowest and widest diameter, respectively (p < .000). All dentin conditioning protocols produced more open dentin tubules (diameter size) in deciduous dentin than permanent, specific conditioning protocols are required for each tissue (deciduous or permanent dentin), since same protocol produced stronger effects on primary dentin, which is important for dental clinical success in children and adolescents. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Efficacy of postoperative prophylactic antibiotics in reducing permanent pacemaker infections.

PubMed

Lee, Wen-Huang; Huang, Ting-Chun; Lin, Li-Jen; Lee, Po-Tseng; Lin, Chih-Chan; Lee, Cheng-Han; Chao, Ting-Hsing; Li, Yi-Heng; Chen, Ju-Yi

2017-08-01

Despite limited evidence, postoperative prophylactic antibiotics are often used in the setting of permanent pacemaker implantation or replacement. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of postoperative antibiotics. Postoperative prophylactic antibiotics may be not clinically useful. We recruited 367 consecutive patients undergoing permanent pacemaker implantation or generator replacement at a tertiary referral center. Baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, and procedure information were collected, and all patients received preoperative prophylactic antibiotics. Postoperative prophylactic antibiotics were administered at the discretion of the treating physician, and all patients were seen in follow-up every 3 to 6 months for an average follow-up period of 16 months. The primary endpoint was device-related infection. A total of 110 patients were treated with preoperative antibiotics only (group 1), whereas 257 patients received both preoperative and postoperative antibiotics (group 2). After a mean follow-up period of 16 months, 1 patient in group 1 (0.9%) and 4 patients in group 2 (1.5%) experienced a device-related infection. There was no significant difference in the rate of infection between the 2 groups (P = 0.624). In the univariate analysis, only the age (60 ± 11 vs 75 ± 12 years, P < 0.001) was significantly different between the infected and noninfected groups. In the multivariate analysis, younger age was an independent risk factor for infective complications (odds ratio = 1.08, P = 0.016). Patients treated with preoperative and postoperative antibiotics had a similar rate of infection as those treated with preoperative antibiotics alone. Further studies are needed to confirm these preliminary findings. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Dentoskeletal features in individuals with ectopic eruption of the permanent maxillary first molar

PubMed Central

Rozzi, Matteo; Cardoni, Giulia; Ricchiuti, Maria Rosaria; Cozza, Paola

2015-01-01

Objective The aim of the study was to analyze the prevalence and distribution of ectopic eruption of the permanent maxillary first molar (EEM) in individuals scheduled for orthodontic treatment and to investigate the association of EEM with dental characteristics, maxillary skeletal features, crowding, and other dental anomalies. Methods A total of 1,317 individuals were included and randomly divided into two groups. The first 265 subjects were included as controls, while the remaining 1,052 subjects included the sample from which the final experimental EEM group was derived. The mesiodistal (M-D) crown width of the deciduous maxillary second molar and permanent maxillary first molar, maxillary arch length (A-PML), maxillomandibular transverse skeletal relationships (anterior and posterior transverse interarch discrepancies, ATID and PTID), maxillary and mandibular tooth crowding, and the presence of dental anomalies were recorded for each subject, and the statistical significance of differences in these parameters between the EEM and control groups was determined using independent sample t-tests. Chi-square tests were used to compare the prevalence of other dental anomalies between the two groups. Results The prevalence of maxillary EEM was 2.5%. The M-D crown widths, ATID and PTID, and tooth crowding were significantly greater, while A-PML was significantly smaller, in the EEM group than in the control group. Only two subjects showed an association between EEM and maxillary lateral incisor anomalies, which included agenesis in one and microdontia in the other. Conclusions EEM may be a risk factor for maxillary arch constriction and severe tooth crowding. PMID:26258065

77 FR 33445 - Renewal of Department of Defense Federal Advisory Committees

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-06

... subcommittees. Group members appointed by the Secretary of Defense, who are not full-time or permanent part-time... special government employees. In addition, all Group members, with the exception of travel and per diem for official travel, shall serve without compensation. Each Group member is appointed to provide...

26 CFR 1.1503(d)-7 - Examples.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... owner. (2) P, a domestic corporation and the common parent of the P consolidated group, owns S, a domestic corporation and a member of the P consolidated group. (3) DRCX, a domestic corporation, is subject...) Includes as members of a consolidated group any commonly controlled branches and permanent establishments...

26 CFR 1.1503(d)-7 - Examples.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... owner. (2) P, a domestic corporation and the common parent of the P consolidated group, owns S, a domestic corporation and a member of the P consolidated group. (3) DRCX, a domestic corporation, is subject...) Includes as members of a consolidated group any commonly controlled branches and permanent establishments...

Caseworkers' and Supervisors' Perceptions of Ohio's Statewide Automated Child Welfare Information System

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kochis, Shelia P.

2013-01-01

Children represent the future of mankind and their safety, well-being, and permanency are goals of the Department of Health and Human Services. The Department of Health and Human Services is the primary funding source for child welfare and protection in the United States; their requirements, rules, and laws must be upheld and understood by every…

Student Data Collection, Access, and Storage: Separating Fact from Fiction. Safeguarding Data: Briefs for Policymakers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Data Quality Campaign, 2014

2014-01-01

District and state data systems are constructed to ensure that individuals can access only the data that are appropriate for their role. Still, questions from the public about how these data systems work and how student privacy is protected have been increasing. A recurring concern is the feared existence of a "permanent record"--a…

Tenure or Permanent Contracts in North American Higher Education? A Critical Assessment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Batterbury, Simon

2008-01-01

This article offers a critical perspective on the academic tenure system in the USA. Academic tenure is most frequently defended for the protection it affords freedom of speech in higher education, and it is attacked for its cost and lack of flexibility in a rapidly changing sector. The paper makes a third argument, that tenure sustains an…

77 FR 49401 - Safety Zones; Revolution 3 Triathlon, Lake Erie, Sandusky Bay, Cedar Point, OH

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-16

...-AA00 Safety Zones; Revolution 3 Triathlon, Lake Erie, Sandusky Bay, Cedar Point, OH AGENCY: Coast Guard... permanent safety zones on Lake Erie near Sandusky, OH. This action is necessary to provide for the safety of... injuries or fatalities. The Captain of the Port Detroit proposes to establish this safety zone to protect...

75 FR 34634 - Special Local Regulation; Swim Across the Sound, Long Island Sound, Port Jefferson, NY to Captain...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-18

...-AA08 Special Local Regulation; Swim Across the Sound, Long Island Sound, Port Jefferson, NY to Captain... Guard is establishing a permanent Special Local Regulation on the navigable waters of Long Island Sound... Sound event. This special local regulation is necessary to provide for the safety of life by protecting...

European Ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) dieback: Disintegrating forest in the mountain protected areas, Czech Republic

Treesearch

Stanislav Vacek; Zdenek Vacek; Daniel Bulusek; Tereza Putalova; Murat Sarginci; Otakar Schwarz; Petr Srutka; Vilem Podrazsky; W. Keith Moser

2015-01-01

European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) is an important tree species in most temperate forests in Europe. Its future is threatened however, especially by an invasive fungus, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus, Chalara fraxinea). The current study is focused on the health of ash in the Krkonoše Mountains National Park, Czech Republic. On permanent...

22 CFR 126.17 - Exemption pursuant to the Defense Trade Cooperation Treaty between the United States and the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Foreign Military Sales program. Once such items are delivered to Her Majesty's Government, they may be... No. 1 to part 126 of this subchapter, Port Directors of U.S. Customs and Border Protection and postmasters shall permit the permanent and temporary export without a license from members of the U.S...

Non-Lethal Weapons (NLW) Reference Book

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

Array (DSLA) 7 Navy Anti- Swimmer Grenade 7 CP DEVELOPMENTAL NLW Improved Flash Bang Grenade (IFBG) 8 Airburst Non-Lethal Munitions (ANLM) 8...to take all feasible precautions to avoid the incidence of permanent blindness to unenhanced vision training . Frequently Asked Questions iv v...deliver an electro-muscular disruption charge out to 35 feet to disable resistant individuals. This device enhances force protection and mission

War Powers Protection Act of 2013

THOMAS, 113th Congress

Rep. Massie, Thomas [R-KY-4

2013-06-26

House - 06/26/2013 Referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and in addition to the Committees on Armed Services, and Intelligence (Permanent Select), for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the... (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes about hearing loss and hearing protection among racial/ethnically diverse young adults.

PubMed

Crandell, Carl; Mills, Terry L; Gauthier, Ricardo

2004-02-01

Over 11 million individuals exhibit some degree of permanent noise induced hearing loss (NIHL). Despite such data, there remains a paucity of empirical evidence on the knowledge of noise exposure and hearing protection devices (HPDs) for young adults, particularly those of diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds. This lack of research is unfortunate, as prior research suggests that the incidence of NIHL can be reduced through educational programs, such as hearing conservation programs (HCPs). Moreover, research also indicates that such educational programs are more beneficial when developed for specific age and/or ethnic/racial groups. The primary aim of this investigation was to determine the knowledge base of 200 college-aged young adults aged 18-29, concerning the auditory mechanism, NIHL, and the use of HPDs. The second aim of this study was to identify race and ethnicity differences or similarities in knowledge of these areas among African-American and caucasian young adults. Overall, in many instances, a majority of the young adults in our study demonstrated a high degree of knowledge concerning factors associated with exposure to excessive noise and the risk of hearing loss. Yet, the results also revealed significant racial/ethnic differences in knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes about the use of HPDs. Recent estimates suggest that more than 11 million individuals in the United States exhibit some degree of NIHL. Moreover, 40 million individuals work in environments that contain potentially harmful noise levels, and over 50 million Americans routinely use firearms--a common cause of noise-induced hearing impairment. A specific hallmark manifestation of NIHL is a permanent decrease in hearing sensitivity from 3,000-6,000 Hz, with a characteristic notch at 4,000 Hz. Additional effects of exposure to high noise levels include physiological changes in heart rate and blood pressure, decrease in work productivity, and an interference with communication that results from the masking of speech. With these considerations in mind, the purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes of a young-adult population in the United States concerning the factors that contribute to NIHL and the use of hearing protection. Additionally, this study was interested in whether there were racial/ethnic differences or similarities in knowledge of hearing loss and the use of HPDs among African-American and caucasian young adults.

Modeling of vibrations isolation and arrest by shape memory parts and permanent magnets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Belyaev, Fedor S.; Volkov, Aleksandr E.; Evard, Margarita E.; Vikulenkov, Andrey V.; Uspenskiy, Evgeniy S.

2018-05-01

A vibration protection system under consideration consists of a payload connected to a vibrating housing by shape memory alloy (SMA) slotted springs. To provide an arrest function two permanent magnets are inserted into the system. The slotted SMA elements are preliminary deformed in the martensitic state. Activation of one element by heating initiates force and displacement generation, which provide an arrest of the payload by magnets. The magnets also secure the arrest mode after cooling of the SMA element. Activation of the other element results in uncaging of the payload and switching to the vibration isolation mode. Computer simulations of arrest and uncaging when the housing is quiescent or producing sine-wave displacements were carried out. Functional-mechanical behavior of SMA parts was described by means of a microstructural model.

Erythropoietin modulation of astrocyte water permeability as a component of neuroprotection

PubMed Central

Gunnarson, Eli; Song, Yutong; Kowalewski, Jacob M.; Brismar, Hjalmar; Brines, Michael; Cerami, Anthony; Andersson, Ulf; Zelenina, Marina; Aperia, Anita

2009-01-01

Disturbed brain water homeostasis with swelling of astroglial cells is a common complication in stroke, trauma, and meningitis and is considered to be a major cause of permanent brain damage. Astroglial cells possess the water channel aquaporin 4 (AQP4). Recent studies from our laboratory have shown that glutamate, acting on group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs), increases the permeability of astrocyte AQP4, which, in situations of hypoxia-ischemia, will increase astrocyte water uptake. Here we report that erythropoietin (EPO), which in recent years has emerged as a potent neuro-protective agent, antagonizes the effect of a group I mGluR agonist on astrocyte water permeability. Activation of group I mGluRs triggers fast and highly regular intracellular calcium oscillations and we show that EPO interferes with this signaling event by altering the frequency of the oscillations. These effects of EPO are immediate, in contrast to the neuroprotective effects of EPO that are known to depend upon gene activation. Our findings indicate that EPO may directly reduce the risk of astrocyte swelling in stroke and other brain insults. In support of this conclusion we found that EPO reduced the neurological symptoms in a mouse model of primary brain edema known to depend upon AQP4 water transport. PMID:19164545

Gene transfer as a strategy to achieve permanent cardioprotection II: rAAV-mediated gene therapy with heme oxygenase-1 limits infarct size 1 year later without adverse functional consequences.

PubMed

Li, Qianhong; Guo, Yiru; Ou, Qinghui; Wu, Wen-Jian; Chen, Ning; Zhu, Xiaoping; Tan, Wei; Yuan, Fangping; Dawn, Buddhadeb; Luo, Li; Hunt, Gregory N; Bolli, Roberto

2011-11-01

Extensive evidence indicates that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) exerts potent cytoprotective effects in response to stress. Previous studies have shown that gene therapy with HO-1 protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury for up to 8 weeks after gene transfer. However, the long-term effects of HO-1 gene therapy on myocardial ischemic injury and function are unknown. To address this issue, we created a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector carrying the HO-1 gene (rAAV/HO-1) that enables long-lasting transgene expression. Mice received injections in the anterior LV wall of rAAV/LacZ (LacZ group) or rAAV/HO-1 (HO-1 group); 1 year later, they were subjected to a 30-min coronary occlusion (O) and 4 h of reperfusion (R). Cardiac HO-1 gene expression was confirmed at 1 month and 1 year after gene transfer by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry analyses. In the HO-1 group, infarct size (% of risk region) was dramatically reduced at 1 year after gene transfer (11.2 ± 2.1%, n = 12, vs. 44.7 ± 3.6%, n = 8, in the LacZ group; P < 0.05). The infarct-sparing effects of HO-1 gene therapy at 1 year were as powerful as those observed 24 h after ischemic PC (six 4-min O/4-min R cycles) (15.0 ± 1.7%, n = 10). There were no appreciable changes in LV fractional shortening, LV ejection fraction, or LV end-diastolic or end-systolic diameter at 1 year after HO-1 gene transfer as compared to the age-matched controls or with the LacZ group. Histology showed no inflammation in the myocardium 1 year after rAAV/HO-1-mediated gene transfer. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that rAAV-mediated HO-1 gene transfer confers long-term (1 year), possibly permanent, cardioprotection without adverse functional consequences, providing proof of principle for the concept of achieving prophylactic cardioprotection (i.e., "immunization against infarction").

A novel safety device with metal counter meshing gears discriminator directly driven by axial flux permanent magnet micromotors based on MEMS technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Weiping; Chen, Wenyuan; Zhao, Xiaolin; Li, Shengyong; Jiang, Yong

2005-08-01

In a novel safety device based on MEMS technology for high consequence systems, the discriminator consists of two groups of metal counter meshing gears and two pawl/ratchet wheel mechanisms. Each group of counter meshing gears is onepiece and driven directly by an axial flux permanent magnet micromotor respectively. The energy-coupling element is an optical shutter with two collimators and a coupler wheel. The safety device's probability is less than 1/106. It is fabricated by combination of an LiGA-like process and precision mechanical engineering. The device has simple structure, few dynamic problems, high strength and strong reliability.

Using a predictive model to evaluate spatiotemporal variability in streamflow permanence across the Pacific Northwest region

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jaeger, K. L.

2017-12-01

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed the PRObability Of Streamflow PERmanence (PROSPER) model, a GIS-based empirical model that provides predictions of the annual probability of a stream channel having year-round flow (Streamflow permanence probability; SPP) for any unregulated and minimally-impaired stream channel in the Pacific Northwest (Washington, Oregon, Idaho, western Montana). The model provides annual predictions for 2004-2016 at a 30-m spatial resolution based on monthly or annually updated values of climatic conditions, and static physiographic variables associated with the upstream basin. Prediction locations correspond to the channel network consistent with the National Hydrography Dataset stream grid and are publicly available through the USGS StreamStats platform (https://water.usgs.gov/osw/streamstats/). In snowmelt-driven systems, the most informative predictor variable was mean upstream snow water equivalent on May 1, which highlights the influence of late spring snow cover for supporting streamflow in mountain river networks. In non-snowmelt-driven systems, the most informative variable was mean annual precipitation. Streamflow permanence probabilities varied across the study area by geography and from year-to-year. Notably lower SPP corresponded to the climatically drier subregions of the study area. Higher SPP were concentrated in coastal and higher elevation mountain regions. In addition, SPP appeared to trend with average hydroclimatic conditions, which were also geographically coherent. The year-to-year variability lends support for the growing recognition of the spatiotemporal dynamism of streamflow permanence. An analysis of three focus basins located in contrasting geographical and hydroclimatic settings demonstrates differences in the sensitivity of streamflow permanence to antecedent climate conditions as a function of geography. Consequently, results suggest that PROSPER model can be a useful tool to evaluate regions of the landscape that may be resilient or sensitive to drought conditions, allowing for targeted management efforts to protect critical reaches.

[Effects of spirometric screening in the community on smoking cessation].

PubMed

Czajkowska-Malinowska, M; Nowiński, A; Górecka, D; Zieliński, J

2001-01-01

In the years 1998-2000 in the Centre of COPD and Respiratory Failure in Bydgoszcz a group of tobacco smokers at risk of COPD (over 40 years of age, with smoking history of more than 10 packyears) were studied. Every patient filled-in a simple questionnaire on clinical signs of COPD and tobacco habit, had a spirometry performed according to ATS standards and received a short antitobacco counseling together with a booklet on how to quit smoking. Out of 1072 patients studied in 1998, airway obstruction was found in 200. Eighty seven of these were current smokers (studied group-S). Another 90 current smokers with normal spirometry served as a control group-C. Both groups of smokers were invited in 1999 and 2000 to perform spirometry. Changes in smoking habit were recorded at each yearly visit. After one year 13 patients (15%) from the S group and 4 (4.5%) from the C group permanently stopped smoking. In 2000 24 patients (28%) in S group and 13 (14.7%) in C group permanently quit smoking. Spirometric screening in smokers at risk of COPD together with a minimal antismoking intervention seems to be a promising method of smoking cessation.

Nurse Plants vs. Nurse Objects: Effects of Woody Plants and Rocky Cavities on the Recruitment of the Pilosocereus leucocephalus Columnar Cactus

PubMed Central

Munguía-Rosas, Miguel Angel; Sosa, Vinicio J.

2008-01-01

Background and Aims Most studies on cactus recruitment have focused on the role of woody plants as seedling facilitators. Although the spatial association of cacti with objects had been described, the mechanisms underlying this association remain unknown. The aims of this study were to identify which mechanisms facilitate the establishment of a columnar cactus under the shade and protection of objects and to compare these mechanisms with those involved in plant–plant facilitation. Methods Three split-split-plot field experiments were conducted to compare the effects of two microhabitats (inside rocky cavities and beneath plant canopies) on seed removal, germination, seedling survivorship and dry weight. Flat, open spaces were used as the control. For each microhabitat, the effect of seed or seedling protection and substrate limitation were explored; aboveground microclimate and some soil properties were also characterized. Key Results The permanence of superficial seeds was greater inside rocky cavities than beneath woody plant canopies or on flat, open areas. Germination was similar in cavities and beneath plant canopies, but significantly higher than on flat, open areas. Seedling survivorship was greater beneath plant canopies than inside cavities or on flat, open spaces. Conclusions The mechanisms of plant facilitation are different from those of object facilitation. There are seed–seedling conflicts involved in the recruitment of P. leucocephalus: nurse plants favour mainly seedling survivorship by providing a suitable microenvironment, while nurse objects mainly favour seed permanence, by protecting them from predators. PMID:18056054

A selective cannabinoid CB2 agonist attenuates damage and improves memory retention following stroke in mice.

PubMed

Ronca, Richard D; Myers, Alyssa M; Ganea, Doina; Tuma, Ronald F; Walker, Ellen A; Ward, Sara Jane

2015-10-01

We have recently demonstrated that treatment with a cannabinoid CB2 agonist was protective in a mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. The present study aimed to determine whether these protective effects of CB2 agonism would extend to a mouse photoinjury model of permanent ischemia and determine associated alterations in cognition and infarct size. Mice received three injections of the CB2 selective agonist O-1966 or vehicle 1h prior to and 2 and 5days following induction of stroke. Infarct size was assessed at 1, 3, or 7days post-injury and learning and memory effects of injury and O-1966 treatment were assessed on days 6 and 7 using a novel object recognition task and an operant acquisition and retention procedure. O-1966 treated mice had significantly smaller infarct volumes compared with vehicle treated mice. Photoinjury was also associated with a significant memory impairment on day 7 post-injury, and this deficit was reversed with O-1966 treatment. Surprisingly, sham-operated mice receiving O-1966 treatment showed a significant learning deficit in both the recognition and operant tasks compared with vehicle treated sham mice. We conclude that CB2 activation is protective against cognitive deficits and tissue damage following permanent ischemia, but may dysregulate glial or neuronal function of learning and memory circuits in the absence of injury and/or inflammation. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Caries preventive efficacy of silver diammine fluoride (SDF) and ART sealants in a school-based daily fluoride toothbrushing program in the Philippines.

PubMed

Monse, Bella; Heinrich-Weltzien, Roswitha; Mulder, Jan; Holmgren, Christopher; van Palenstein Helderman, Wim H

2012-11-21

Occlusal surfaces of erupting and newly erupted permanent molars are particularly susceptible to caries.The objective of the study was to assess and compare the effect of a single application of 38% SDF with ART sealants and no treatment in preventing dentinal (D3) caries lesions on occlusal surfaces of permanent first molars of school children who participated in a daily school-based toothbrushing program with fluoride toothpaste. The prospective community clinical trial in the Philippines was conducted over a period of 18 months and included 704 six- to eight-year-old school children in eight public elementary schools with a daily school-based fluoride toothpaste brushing program. Children were randomly assigned for SDF application or ART sealant treatment. Children from two of the eight schools did not receive SDF or ART sealant treatment and served as controls. SDF or ART sealant treatment was applied on sound occlusal surfaces of permanent first molars. Surfaces that were originally defined as sound at baseline but which changed to dentinal (D3) caries lesions were defined as surfaces with new caries (caries increment). Non-compliance to the daily toothbrushing program in three schools offered the opportunity to analyze the caries preventive effect of SDF and sealants separately in fluoride toothpaste brushing and in non-toothbrushing children. In the brushing group, caries increment in the SDF treatment group was comparable with the non-treatment group but caries increment in the sealant group was lower than in the non-treatment group with a statistically significant lower hazard ratio of 0.12 (0.02-0.61). In the non-brushing group, caries increment in the SDF treatment group and the sealant group was lower than the non-treatment group but the hazard ratio was only statistically significant for the sealant group (HR 0.33; 0.20-0.54). Caries increment was lower in toothbrushing children than in non-toothbrushing children. Hazard ratios reached statistical significance for the non-treated children (HR 0.43; 0.21-0.87) and the sealant-treated children (HR 0.15; 0.03-0.072). A one-time application of 38% SDF on the occlusal surfaces of permanent first molars of six- to eight-year-old children is not an effective method to prevent dentinal (D3) caries lesions. ART sealants significantly reduced the onset of caries over a period of 18 months. German Clinical Trial Register DRKS00003427.

Caries preventive efficacy of silver diammine fluoride (SDF) and ART sealants in a school-based daily fluoride toothbrushing program in the Philippines

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Occlusal surfaces of erupting and newly erupted permanent molars are particularly susceptible to caries. The objective of the study was to assess and compare the effect of a single application of 38% SDF with ART sealants and no treatment in preventing dentinal (D3) caries lesions on occlusal surfaces of permanent first molars of school children who participated in a daily school-based toothbrushing program with fluoride toothpaste. Methods The prospective community clinical trial in the Philippines was conducted over a period of 18 months and included 704 six- to eight-year-old school children in eight public elementary schools with a daily school-based fluoride toothpaste brushing program. Children were randomly assigned for SDF application or ART sealant treatment. Children from two of the eight schools did not receive SDF or ART sealant treatment and served as controls. SDF or ART sealant treatment was applied on sound occlusal surfaces of permanent first molars. Surfaces that were originally defined as sound at baseline but which changed to dentinal (D3) caries lesions were defined as surfaces with new caries (caries increment). Non-compliance to the daily toothbrushing program in three schools offered the opportunity to analyze the caries preventive effect of SDF and sealants separately in fluoride toothpaste brushing and in non-toothbrushing children. Results In the brushing group, caries increment in the SDF treatment group was comparable with the non-treatment group but caries increment in the sealant group was lower than in the non-treatment group with a statistically significant lower hazard ratio of 0.12 (0.02-0.61). In the non-brushing group, caries increment in the SDF treatment group and the sealant group was lower than the non-treatment group but the hazard ratio was only statistically significant for the sealant group (HR 0.33; 0.20-0.54). Caries increment was lower in toothbrushing children than in non-toothbrushing children. Hazard ratios reached statistical significance for the non-treated children (HR 0.43; 0.21-0.87) and the sealant-treated children (HR 0.15; 0.03-0.072). Conclusions A one-time application of 38% SDF on the occlusal surfaces of permanent first molars of six- to eight-year-old children is not an effective method to prevent dentinal (D3) caries lesions. ART sealants significantly reduced the onset of caries over a period of 18 months. Trial registration number German Clinical Trial Register DRKS00003427 PMID:23171244

A Longitudinal Study of the Presence of Dental Anomalies in the Primary and Permanent Dentitions of Cleft Lip and/or Palate Patients.

PubMed

Suzuki, Akira; Nakano, Masayuki; Yoshizaki, Keigo; Yasunaga, Atsushi; Haruyama, Naoto; Takahashi, Ichiro

2017-05-01

  The aim is to survey primary and permanent dental anomalies: hypodontia, microdontia, a supernumerary tooth, and fused teeth in patients with cleft lip and/or palate.   Retrospective longitudinal study Subjects :  The subjects were selected from all 1724 patients with cleft lip and/or palate who were registered at the orthodontic clinic of Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan, from 1970 to 2009. Finally, 994 subjects were evaluated for primary dentition, 1352 for permanent dentition, and 871 for the longitudinal changes from primary to permanent dentition.   The prevalence of dental anomalies was compared for each tooth type, among various cleft types, between males and females, and between the alveolar cleft area and the noncleft area.   The prevalence of hypodontia was 16.2% for primary dentition and 52.7% for permanent dentition in the subjects with cleft lip and/or palate. Hypodontia increased with the severity of the cleft type. Multiple hypodontia was found more frequently in the subjects with bilateral cleft lip and palate and the subjects with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Microformed lateral incisors were found in 22.7% of permanent lateral incisors but not in primary dentition. Supernumerary teeth were found in 17.7% of the subjects with cleft lip and/or palate for primary maxillary dentition and in 5.7% for permanent maxillary dentition.   The prevalence of hypodontia was greater in permanent dentition than in primary dentition; although, it was not much different between males and females or between the right and left sides. The prevalence of dental anomalies was significantly different among four groups by cleft type: cleft lip, cleft lip and alveolus, cleft lip and palate, and cleft palate.

The age of permanent tooth emergence in children of different ethnic origin in the Auckland region: a cross-sectional study.

PubMed

Kanagaratnam, Sathananthan; Schluter, Philip J

2012-06-01

To report robust and contemporary estimates of permanent teeth emergence ages in children of Māori, Pasifika, Chinese, Indian and European ethnic origin in the Auckland region. A stratified, two-stage cross-sectional study. Strata were defined by school decile status. Schools defined the first-stage sampling unit, and students the second stage. Invitations and consent forms were distributed to eligible participants at school for completion at home. Participants were examined at school-based clinics or in a mobile clinic. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, AND METHODS: Children aged between 5 and 13 years enrolled within the Auckland Regional Dental Service. Schools were randomly selected and then all students within selected schools were invited to participate. Eligible participants completing a consent form had an additional tooth assessment that complemented their routine dental examination. A generalised gamma failure-time model was employed to estimate permanent tooth eruption ages. Visually based assessment of permanent tooth emergence. Overall, 3,466 children participated. Differences in median permanent tooth emergence ages were seen among ethnic groups and sexes (P < or = 0.01). Pasifika children had earlier median eruption time than sex-matched Māori children, who (in turn) were more advanced than sex-matched European children. Median eruption age occurred earlier in girls than boys for all permanent teeth. Despite known demographic, geographic and ethnic differences, estimates of permanent teeth emergence timing widely used in New Zealand are based on historical overseas populations. The presented estimates provide new standards and may be more appropriate for dental therapists and dentists when assessing permanent teeth emergence in New Zealand children.

Severe Graves' ophthalmopathy may be a risk factor for the development of postthyroidectomy hypocalcaemia.

PubMed

Hassan, I; Danila, R; Maurer, E; Osei-Agymang, T; Zielke, A

2008-11-01

The aim of this study was to compare the rate of hypocalcaemia after thyroid resection in patients with versus patients without Graves' Ophthalmopathy (GO). 153 patients following thyroid surgery for Grave's disease were studied. Patients were divided into three groups according to the severity of GO at the time of surgery using the NOSPECS classification. Subgroup I comprised of 70 patients without GO, subgroup II comprised of 63 patients with moderate GO and 20 patients with severe GO were assigned to Subgroup III. Association between severe ophthalmopathy and postoperative hypocalcaemia after thyroidectomy was investigated. 12/70 patients complained transient and 3/70 permanent hypocalcemia within subgroup I. 14/63 patients developed transient and 4/63 patients permanent hypocalcaemia within subgroup II. There were 7/20 patients with transient and 5/20 cases with permanent hypocalcaemia in the patient group with severe GO (subgroup III). The incidence of permanent postthyroidectomy hypocalcaemia was significantly higher in the subgroup III with severe GO when compared to the subgroup I without GO (p=0.004). Although postthyroidectomy hypocalcemia seems to be a multifactorial phenomenon, this study implicates unknown role of severe GO at time of surgery in the development of hypocalcaemia after thyroid surgery for Graves' disease. Therefore, patients with GO should be considered for surgery at high volume centres specialised in thyroid and parathyroid surgery.

Acute and Chronic Altitude-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction in Children and Adolescents.

PubMed

Rimoldi, Stefano F; Rexhaj, Emrush; Duplain, Hervé; Urben, Sébastien; Billieux, Joël; Allemann, Yves; Romero, Catherine; Ayaviri, Alejandro; Salinas, Carlos; Villena, Mercedes; Scherrer, Urs; Sartori, Claudio

2016-02-01

To assess whether exposure to high altitude induces cognitive dysfunction in young healthy European children and adolescents during acute, short-term exposure to an altitude of 3450 m and in an age-matched European population permanently living at this altitude. We tested executive function (inhibition, shifting, and working memory), memory (verbal, short-term visuospatial, and verbal episodic memory), and speed processing ability in: (1) 48 healthy nonacclimatized European children and adolescents, 24 hours after arrival at high altitude and 3 months after return to low altitude; (2) 21 matched European subjects permanently living at high altitude; and (3) a matched control group tested twice at low altitude. Short-term hypoxia significantly impaired all but 2 (visuospatial memory and processing speed) of the neuropsychological abilities that were tested. These impairments were even more severe in the children permanently living at high altitude. Three months after return to low altitude, the neuropsychological performances significantly improved and were comparable with those observed in the control group tested only at low altitude. Acute short-term exposure to an altitude at which major tourist destinations are located induces marked executive and memory deficits in healthy children. These deficits are equally marked or more severe in children permanently living at high altitude and are expected to impair their learning abilities. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Health workers' attitudes, perceptions and knowledge of influenza immunization in Lima, Peru: A mixed methods study.

PubMed

Bazán, Magdalena; Villacorta, Erika; Barbagelatta, Gisella; Jimenez, M Michelle; Goya, Cecilia; Bartolini, Rosario M; Penny, Mary E

2017-05-19

Vaccination against seasonal influenza in health workers is recommended but coverage is variable. This study aimed to determine coverage of influenza vaccination among health workers in Lima, Peru in 2010; explore barriers and enabling elements for vaccination; and suggest strategies to improve coverage. Qualitative interviews informed the development of a survey instrument that consisted of open and close-ended questions. Sub-analyses were done by occupational group and results were calculated as percentages for each possible response with confidence intervals of 95%. Coverage of the influenza vaccination was 77.2%. Vaccinated staff were less likely to have permanent contracts (p=0.0150) and vaccination coverage was lower in physicians (p=0.0001). Over 90% cited protection of themselves, families and patients as reasons for vaccination and 48% mentioned peer encouragement. Fear of adverse events (47%) and organizational barriers (>30%) were reasons for non-vaccination. To improve coverage, highest priority was given to strategies providing more information. Key factors in driving health worker vaccination include desire for protection and peer encouragement. Perceptual barriers based on a misunderstanding of the epidemiology of influenza and vaccination could be overcome by targeted education and information. Organizational barriers require attention to how vaccination is implemented within health facilities. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effect of central compartment neck dissection on hypocalcaemia incidence after total thyroidectomy for carcinoma.

PubMed

Mitra, I; Nichani, J R; Yap, B; Homer, J J

2011-05-01

Central compartment neck dissection is increasingly performed as part of surgical management of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. However, elective central neck dissection remains controversial due to complications and lack of evidence of survival benefit. To investigate and compare rates of transient and permanent hypocalcaemia following total thyroidectomy alone, compared with total thyroidectomy with central neck dissection, for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Retrospective study of 127 consecutive patients referred with differentiated thyroid carcinoma, 2004-2006; 78 patients had undergone total thyroidectomy (group one) and 49 total thyroidectomy with central compartment node dissection (group two). Surgery was performed in various hospitals by both otolaryngologists and endocrine surgeons. In groups one and two, the incidence of transient hypocalcaemia was 18 per cent (14/78) and 51 per cent (25/49) (p < 0.001), and the incidence of permanent hypocalcaemia 1 per cent (one of 77) and 12 per cent (six of 49) (p < 0.01), respectively. Most patients undergoing central neck dissection had evidence of pathological level six lymphadenopathy (29/49). Total thyroidectomy combined with central neck dissection for the treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma is more likely to result in transient (51 per cent) and permanent (12 per cent) hypocalcaemia. Elective neck dissection should be performed selectively, with a high expectation of post-operative hypocalcaemia.

Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in rock musicians.

PubMed

Høydal, Erik Harry; Lein Størmer, Carl Christian; Laukli, Einar; Stenklev, Niels Christian

2017-09-01

Our focus in this study was the assessment of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) in a large group of rock musicians. A further objective was to analyse tinnitus among rock musicians as related to TEOAEs. The study was a cross-sectional survey of rock musicians selected at random. A control group was included at random for comparison. We recruited 111 musicians and a control group of 40 non-musicians. Testing was conducted by using clinical examination, pure tone audiometry, TEOAEs and a questionnaire. TEOAE SNR in the half-octave frequency band centred on 4 kHz was significantly lower bilaterally in musicians than controls. This effect was strongly predicted by age and pure-tone hearing threshold levels in the 3-6 kHz range. Bilateral hearing thresholds were significantly higher at 6 kHz in musicians. Twenty percent of the musicians had permanent tinnitus. There was no association between the TEOAE parameters and permanent tinnitus. Our results suggest an incipient hearing loss at 6 kHz in rock musicians. Loss of TEOAE SNR in the 4 kHz half-octave frequency band was observed, but it was related to higher mean 3-6 kHz hearing thresholds and age. A large proportion of rock musicians have permanent tinnitus.

Evidence for loss of nepotism in the evolution of permanent sociality

PubMed Central

Berger-Tal, Reut; Lubin, Yael; Settepani, Virginia; Majer, Marija; Bilde, Trine; Tuni, Cristina

2015-01-01

Kin selected benefits of cooperation result in pronounced kin discrimination and nepotism in many social species and favour the evolution of sociality. However, low variability in relatedness among group members, infrequent competitive interactions with non-relatives, and direct benefits of cooperation may relax selection for nepotism. We tested this prediction in a permanently social spider, Stegodyphus dumicola that appears to fulfil these conditions. Sociality is a derived trait, and kin discrimination exists in sub-social closely related congeners and is likely a selective force in the sub-social route to permanent sociality in spiders. We examined whether social spiders show nepotism in cooperative feeding when genetic relatedness among group members was experimentally varied. We found no effect of relatedness on feeding efficiency, growth rate or participation in feeding events. Previous studies on sub-social species showed benefits of communal feeding with kin, indicating nepotistic cooperation. The lack of evidence for nepotism in the social species suggests that kin discrimination has been lost or is irrelevant in communal feeding. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the role of nepotism is diminished when cooperation evolves in certain genetic and ecological contexts, e.g. when intra-group genetic relatedness is homogeneous and encounters with competitors are rare. PMID:26333675

Evaluation of the Permanence of Land Use Change Induced by Payments for Environmental Services in Quindío, Colombia.

PubMed

Pagiola, Stefano; Honey-Rosés, Jordi; Freire-González, Jaume

2016-01-01

The effectiveness of conservation interventions such as Payments for Environmental Services (PES) is often evaluated--if it is evaluated at all--only at the completion of the intervention. Since gains achieved by the intervention may be lost after it ends, even apparently successful interventions may not result in long-term conservation benefits, a problem known as that of permanence. This paper uses a unique dataset to examine the permanence of land use change induced by a short-term, asset-building PES program implemented in Quindío, Colombia, between 2003 and 2008. This the first PES program to have a control group for comparison. Under this program, PES had been found to have a positive and highly significant impact on land use. To assess the long-term permanence of these changes, both PES recipients and control households were re-surveyed in 2011, four years after the last payment was made. We find that the land use changes that had been induced by PES were broadly sustained in intervening years, with minor differences across specific practices and sub-groups of participants, indicating that these changes were in fact permanent. The patterns of change in the period after the PES program was completed also help better understand the reasons for the program's success. These results suggest that, at least in the case of productive land uses such as silvopastoral practices under conditions such as those at the study site, asset-building PES programs can be effective at encouraging land owners to adopt environmentally-beneficial land management practices and that the benefits will persist after payments cease.

Monitoring of volcanic emissions for risk assessment at Popocatépetl volcano (Mexico)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Delgado, Hugo; Campion, Robin; Fickel, Matthias; Cortés Ramos, Jorge; Alvarez Nieves, José Manuel; Taquet, Noemi; Grutter, Michel; Osiris García Gómez, Israel; Darío Sierra Mondragón, Rubén; Meza Hernández, Israel

2015-04-01

In January 2014, the Mexican Agency FOPREDEN (Natural Disaster Prevention Fund) accepted to fund a project to renew, upgrade and complement the gas monitoring facilities. The UNAM-CENAPRED (National Center for Disaster Prevention) gas monitoring system currently consists of: • A COSPEC instrument and two mini-DOAS used for mobile traverse measurements • An SO2 camera used for punctual campaign • A network of three permanent scanning mini-DOAS (NOVAC type 1 instrument) and one permanent mini-DOAS (NOVAC type II, currently under repair). The activity planed in the framework of the new project, of which several of them are already successfully implemented, include: • Completely refurbished permanent scanning mini-DOAS network consisting of four stations and the punctual deployment of three RADES (Rapid Deployment System) for assessing plume geometry and chemistry or for responding to emergency situations. • Prolongation of the mobile traverse measurements in order to continuously update the 20 years-long SO2 flux database obtained with the COSPEC, now coupled with a mobile DOAS for redundancy. • The development and installation of a permanent SO2 camera, for monitoring in real time the short timescale variations of the SO2 emissions. • The installation of two permanent FTIR spectrometers, one measuring the plume thermal emissions and the other measuring with the solar occultation geometry, for frequent measurements of molecular ratio between SO2, HCl, HF and SiF4 • The exploitation in near-real time of the satellite imagery (OMI, MODIS and ASTER) available for the volcano. A special attention will be paid to increase the reliability and graphical representation of these data stream in order to facilitate their use for decision-making by the civil protection authority in charge of the volcano.

Magnetizing technique for permanent magnets by intense static fields generated by HTS bulk magnets: Numerical Analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

N. Kawasaki; Oka, T.; Fukui, S.; Ogawa, J.; Sato, T.; Terasawa, T.; Itoh, Y.

A demagnetized Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet was scanned in the strong magnetic field space just above the magnetic pole containing a HTS bulk magnet which generates the magnetic field 3.4 T. The magnet sample was subsequently found to be fully magnetized in the open space of the static magnetic fields. The finite element method was carried out for the static field magnetization of a permanent magnet using a HTS bulk magnet. Previously, our research group experimentally demonstrated the possibility of full magnetization of rare earth permanent magnets with high-performance magnetic properties with use of the static field of HTS bulk magnets. In the present study, however, we succeeded for the first time in visualizing the behavior of the magnetizing field of the bulk magnet during the magnetization process and the shape of the magnetic field inside the body being magnetized. By applying this kind of numerical analysis to the magnetization for planned motor rotors which incorporate rare-earth permanent magnets, we hope to study the fully magnetized regions for the new magnetizing method using bulk magnets and to give motor designing a high degree of freedom.

Exploring the Relationship Between Resilience and Ostomy Adjustment in Adults With a Permanent Ostomy.

PubMed

Scardillo, Jody; Dunn, Karen S; Piscotty, Ronald

2016-01-01

The aims of this study were to describe the relationship between resilience and ostomy adjustment in adults with permanent stomas and to determine if participants who report higher levels of resilience also report higher levels of adjustment to a permanent ostomy. Descriptive, correlational research design utilizing the Roy Adaptation Model as the theoretical framework was used. Persons with permanent stomas were recruited from ostomy support groups on the East Coast of the United States. The study sample included 48 respondents. Their mean age was 66 ± 12.7 years (mean ± SD); the majority (60.4%) were women, had an ileostomy (62.5%), and had a history of inflammatory bowel disease (62.5%). Respondents completed a questionnaire that queried demographic and pertinent clinical data, along with 2 previously validated instruments, the Resilience Scale and Ostomy Adjustment Inventory-23. The relationships between levels of resilience, levels of adjustment to an ostomy, and demographic characteristics were examined. Participants with higher levels of ostomy adjustment had higher levels of resilience than respondents who reported lower levels of ostomy adjustment (r = 0.65, P ≤ .01). Findings from this study suggest that higher levels of resilience facilitate adjustment to a permanent ostomy.

Spontaneous correction of anterior crossbite by RPE anchored on deciduous teeth in the early mixed dentition.

PubMed

Rosa, M; Lucchi, P; Mariani, L; Caprioglio, A

2012-09-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Haas RPE anchored on deciduous teeth in the early mixed dentition, for inducing the spontaneous correction of permanent incisor's crossbite, without compliance, without post bite-plane and no involvement of the permanent teeth. The sample group comprised 50 consecutive patients (mean age 8y 5m, SD 2y 1m), 31 males, 19 females. They showed a cross-bite affecting one or more permanent incisors, for a total of 70 teeth. The patients were treated with Haas RPE appliance anchored on second deciduous molars and bonded on deciduous canines. No direct forces were applied on the permanent teeth. Anterior crossbite self-corrected 'spontaneously' in 84% of the cases. Lateral incisors had a higher rate of self-correction than central incisors. All hyper-divergent subjects showed a spontaneous crossbite self-correction. The early maxillary expansion by Haas RPE anchored on deciduous teeth is an efficient and effective procedure to induce the anterior crossbite self-correction in the early mixed dentition without the need of a bite-plane, no involvement of the permanent teeth and without compliance.

Anchorage onto deciduous teeth: effectiveness of early rapid maxillary expansion in increasing dental arch dimension and improving anterior crowding.

PubMed

Mutinelli, Sabrina; Manfredi, Mario; Guiducci, Antonio; Denotti, Gloria; Cozzani, Mauro

2015-01-01

Anchorage onto permanent dentition is a common procedure in rapid maxillary expansion. However, replacing first permanent molars with the second deciduous molars seems to be an option to reduce some negative side effects during orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dental effect of rapid maxillary expansion with anchorage exclusively onto deciduous teeth performed in the first period of transition. Twenty patients with a lateral cross-bite treated exclusively by a Haas expander in early mixed dentition were retrospectively analyzed before treatment, at appliance removal, and at 21 months out of retention. The sagittal and transverse dimensions, together with the inter-canine arch and irregularity index, were digitally measured on scanned images of dental casts. The patients were compared with three balanced control groups (in total, 60 individuals) matched for gender. Two control groups had the same canine dental class as the treated group at T1, were in the inter-transitional period, and either had or lacked a lateral cross-bite. The last control group was comprised of adolescents in permanent dentition with a dental class I. The statistical analysis was performed by means of repeated-measures ANOVA for paired data and one-way ANOVA, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the Mann-Whitney test for independent measures (α-level p < 0.05). At the end of follow-up (inter-transitional period of dentition), the dental arch dimensions of treated patients were similar to those of adolescents with a dental class I and significantly wider than those of patients with a lateral cross-bite. Also, the anterior irregularity index was lower among patients who had undergone expansion treatments than in all untreated study participants. The Haas expander anchored to the deciduous teeth is effective in increasing the dental arch width in patients with a lateral cross-bite. The dimensions of the dental arch were modified earlier toward the values of the permanent dentition.

Lingual eruption of mandibular permanent incisors: a space correlated phenomenon?

PubMed

Aminabadi, Naser Asl; Farahani, Ramin Mostofi Zadeh; Sohrabi, Aydin; Pouralibaba, Firuz

2009-01-01

The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and distribution according to various arch length conditions of lingually erupted mandibular permanent incisors and the effect of space condition on this phenomenon with long-term follow-up of these teeth. A total of 105 children aged 5-7.5 years with one or more permanent mandibular incisors erupting lingual to the corresponding primary incisors were included in the study. A space analysis was performed. The subjects were divided into six groups according to various space conditions. The subjects were followed for 2 years. In this study the prevalence of lingual eruption was 18.4%. Eighty-three point seven percent of the subjects had either equivalent space, mild space excess, or a space deficiency (not more than 3 mm). No relationship was found between groups and clinical outcomes (P>.05). Follow up of the main three groups (according to the space analysis results) revealed in the adequate space group 75% of the children lost their primary incisors without any intervention. Similar outcomes occurred in 85.7% and 57.14% of cases in the mild space excess and space deficiency groups, respectively. Considering the three main groups combined, equivalent space, mild space excess, and mild space deficiency, 70.45% of children lost their primary incisors without any intervention and 14.8% needed primary incisor extraction (17.4%, 14.3%, and 10.7% in each group, respectively). There was no predisposition toward a space deficiency or excess found in these subjects so the wait-and-see policy versus early extraction can be considered for lingually erupting permanent mandibular incisors. Lingual eruption of mandibular incisors is a common clinical problem in the early mixed dentition period that is a source of discomfort for parents of patients with this condition. The present study provides a unique insight into the prevalence of the problem as well as the clinical decisions such as favoring retention of primary incisors as long as possible, the extraction of these primary teeth, placement of lower lingual holding arches, or referral for comprehensive orthodontic treatment. These types of data should not be regarded as standards but as illustrative of several key factors that are still not well-understood or which are still ignored.

Correlation Between Euro NCAP Pedestrian Test Results and Injury Severity in Injury Crashes with Pedestrians and Bicyclists in Sweden.

PubMed

Strandroth, Johan; Sternlund, Simon; Lie, Anders; Tingvall, Claes; Rizzi, Matteo; Kullgren, Anders; Ohlin, Maria; Fredriksson, Rikard

2014-11-01

Pedestrians and bicyclists account for a significant share of deaths and serious injuries in the road transport system. The protection of pedestrians in car-to-pedestrian crashes has therefore been addressed by friendlier car fronts and since 1997, the European New Car Assessment Program (Euro NCAP) has assessed the level of protection for most car models available in Europe. In the current study, Euro NCAP pedestrian scoring was compared with real-life injury outcomes in car-to-pedestrian and car-tobicyclist crashes occurring in Sweden. Approximately 1200 injured pedestrians and 2000 injured bicyclists were included in the study. Groups of cars with low, medium and high pedestrian scores were compared with respect to pedestrian injury severity on the Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale (MAIS)-level and risk of permanent medical impairment (RPMI). Significant injury reductions to both pedestrians and bicyclists were found between low and high performing cars. For pedestrians, the reduction of MAIS2+, MAIS3+, RPMI1+ and RPMI10+ ranged from 20-56% and was significant on all levels except for MAIS3+ injuries. Pedestrian head injuries had the highest reduction, 80-90% depending on level of medical impairment. For bicyclist, an injury reduction was only observed between medium and high performing cars. Significant injury reductions were found for all body regions. It was also found that cars fitted with autonomous emergency braking including pedestrian detection might have a 60-70% lower crash involvement than expected. Based on these results, it was recommended that pedestrian protection are implemented on a global scale to provide protection for vulnerable road users worldwide.

Cultural Resource Protection Plan for the Remote-Handled Low-Level Waste Disposal Facility at the Idaho National Laboratory

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pace, Brenda Ringe; Gilbert, Hollie Kae

2015-05-01

This plan addresses cultural resource protection procedures to be implemented during construction of the Remote Handled Low Level Waste project at the Idaho National Laboratory. The plan proposes pre-construction review of proposed ground disturbing activities to confirm avoidance of cultural resources. Depending on the final project footprint, cultural resource protection strategies might also include additional survey, protective fencing, cultural resource mapping and relocation of surface artifacts, collection of surface artifacts for permanent curation, confirmation of undisturbed historic canal segments outside the area of potential effects for construction, and/or archaeological test excavations to assess potential subsurface cultural deposits at known culturalmore » resource locations. Additionally, all initial ground disturbing activities will be monitored for subsurface cultural resource finds, cultural resource sensitivity training will be conducted for all construction field personnel, and a stop work procedure will be implemented to guide assessment and protection of any unanticipated discoveries after initial monitoring of ground disturbance.« less

Protecting Americans from the Proliferation of Weapons to Terrorists Act of 2013

THOMAS, 113th Congress

Rep. DesJarlais, Scott [R-TN-4

2013-06-25

House - 06/25/2013 Referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and in addition to the Committees on Armed Services, and Intelligence (Permanent Select), for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the... (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

38 CFR 3.352 - Criteria for determining need for aid and attendance and “permanently bedridden.”

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... incapacity, physical or mental, which requires care or assistance on a regular basis to protect the claimant... part of the day to promote convalescence or cure will not suffice. It is not required that all of the...) of this section. (iii) The veteran needs a “higher level of care” (as defined in paragraph (b)(2) of...

38 CFR 3.352 - Criteria for determining need for aid and attendance and “permanently bedridden.”

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... incapacity, physical or mental, which requires care or assistance on a regular basis to protect the claimant... part of the day to promote convalescence or cure will not suffice. It is not required that all of the...) of this section. (iii) The veteran needs a “higher level of care” (as defined in paragraph (b)(2) of...

Position and Eruption of Permanent Maxillary Canines in Cases of Maxillary Lateral Incisor Agenesis in Mixed Dentition.

PubMed

Lamas, Cátia; Lavall, Asela; Pinho, Teresa

2018-01-01

Assess whether the permanent maxillary canine (MC) has a natural tendency to erupt mesially in children with maxillary lateral incisors agenesis (MLIA), compared to children without agenesis. This retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study consisted of children between 5 and 12 years old divided into three groups: the first group with unilateral MLIA, in which an intraindividual analysis was performed, the second group presented bilateral MLIA, and the third group with patients without agenesis. These last two groups were matched for comparison interindividual, being pared by sex and maturation of the MC. The canine position in the horizontal sector showed a clear mesial positioning of the MC on the agenesis side in individuals with unilateral MLIA (group 1) when compared with the counter lateral side; and in individuals with bilateral MLIA (Group 2) compared with control Individuals without agenesis (group 3). Even with the maintenance of this deciduous tooth in the dental arch, the MC keeps its tendency to mesial eruption. There is a greater tendency for mesial angulation of the maxillary canine in patients with MLIA, regardless of the presence or absence of deciduous lateral incisor.

Remineralization Effect of Topical NovaMin Versus Sodium Fluoride (1.1%) on Caries-Like Lesions in Permanent Teeth

PubMed Central

Vahid Golpayegani, M.; Sohrabi, A.; Biria, M.; Ansari, G.

2012-01-01

Objective: NovaMin, a synthetic mineral composed of calcium, sodium, phosphorous and silica releases deposits of crystalline hydroxyl-carbonate apatite (HCA) structurally similar to tooth mineral composition. The aim of this investigation was to compare the potential remineralization effect of topical NovaMin and Sodium Fluoride gel on caries like lesions in permanent teeth. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 sound human freshly extracted teeth were subjected to a pH-cycling protocol. Specimens were randomly assigned to one of the two treatment groups with NovaMin contained dentifrice applied to group 1, while group 2 received a dentifrice containing 1.1% neutral Sodium Fluoride. Pastes were applied five times after the samples received a demineralization from an earlier cariogenic challenge. Specimens were then evaluated by a Surface Micro Hardness test (SMH, 25G, 5s). Post-treatment SMH measurements were conducted and Mann Whitney test was employed for statistical analysis. Results: Mean post lesion SMH values were 221.99±26.27 and 224.50±28.64 for the first and second groups, respectively. Post treatment SMH values were 232.52±24.34 for NovaMin and 232.03 ±24.46 for the fluoride group. Two way ANOVA test showed a highly significant difference between the two different treatment protocols (p<0.001). Conclusion: NovaMin dentifrice appears to have a greater effect on remineralization of carious-like lesions when compared to that of fluoride containing dentifrice in permanent teeth. PMID:22924104

Tension pneumocephalus following suboccipital sitting craniotomy in the pediatric population.

PubMed

Daszkiewicz, P; Dziedzic, D

Sitting craniotomy often results in entrapment of air in fluid-filled intracranial cavities. Gas under pressure exerts a deleterious effect on adjacent nervous tissue, resulting in clinical deterioration. To assess the incidence of tension pneumocephalus (TP) and to define risk factors associated therewith. Analysis included 100 consecutive patients (57 boys, 43 girls, mean age 9.7 y) undergoing suboccipital sitting craniotomy since 2012 to 2014. In our material (n=100) TP was seen in 7 cases, asymptomatic pneumocephalus (AP) in 77 and no pneumocephalus (NP) in 16. Tumor types encountered were typical for pediatric population. In the TP group (n=7) the ratio of low-grade to high-grade tumors was 5:2, in the AP group (n=77) 2:1 and in the NP group (n=16) 1:1. Preoperative hydrocephalus was present in 21 cases (21%, mean incidence), thereof 3 in the TP group (3/7; 42.8%), 12 in AP group (12/77; 15.5%) and 6 in the NP group (6/16; 37.5%). All TP patients received an emergency external drainage, thereof 4 required a permanent ventriculo-peritoneal shunt (57.1%), while AP and NP patients combined (n=93) required a permanent shunt in 4 cases only (4.3%). TP-associated morbidity (n=2) consisted in a significant deterioration of neurological condition. TP is a relatively rare but potentially serious complication of suboccipital sitting craniotomy. Risk factors for TP are low-grade tumor and pre-existing long-standing hydrocephalus. TP requires emergency decompression by temporary external drainage. TP patients significantly more often require a permanent CSF shunt. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Urban & Partner Sp. z o.o.

Comparative study of dental anomalies assessed with panoramic radiographs of Down syndrome and non-Down syndrome patients.

PubMed

Mayoral-Trias, M A; Llopis-Perez, J; Puigdollers Pérez, A

2016-03-01

The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of dental anomalies from panoramic radiographs of age-matched individuals with and without Down Syndrome (DS). This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. A group of 41 patients (19 female and 22 male) with Down Syndrome (DS), mean age 10.6 ± 1.4 and a control group of 42 non- DS patients (26 female and 16 male), mean age 11.1 ± 1.3 were studied. This study examined the medical history and a panoramic radiograph of each patient. The dental anomalies studied were agenesis of permanent teeth (except third molars), size and shape maxillary lateral anomalies and maxillary canine eruption path anomalies. The groups were compared using Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon non-parametric tests (p<0.05). Rho Spearman correlation coefficient was applied for associations. Results Agenesis of one permanent tooth was found in 73.17% of DS subjects and two or more permanent teeth in more than 50% (p<0.001). Maxillary lateral incisor was the most frequently absent tooth followed by mandibular second premolar, mandibular lateral incisor, maxillary second premolar and mandibular central incisor. No significant differences were detected between maxilla and mandible on either side. No differences in gender were observed. Significant differences were found for size and shape anomalies of maxillary lateral incisors, as well as for canine eruption anomalies (p<0.05). No gender differences were observed for either variable. No association was found between these two variables in the DS group. More dental anomalies were present in the DS group than in the control group, which implied that DS patients need periodical dental and orthodontic supervision so as to prevent or control subsequent oral problems.

Effect of Self-efficacy Intervention on Quality of Life of Patients With Intestinal Stoma.

PubMed

Xu, Shujuan; Zhang, Zhiyun; Wang, Aimei; Zhu, Jiangyun; Tang, Hongzhi; Zhu, Xiaoli

2017-07-19

Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and the most prevalent cause of cancer mortality in China. The Miles operation and permanent colostomy are effective treatment. However, these affect the quality of life of patients as they alter normal defecation. Self-efficacy is used to define an individuals' assessments of their ability to perform a specific behavior successfully. It is regarded as an important belief that can predict health behaviors. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of a self-efficacy intervention on the quality of life of patients with a permanent colostomy. Forty-eight patients in treatment for permanent colostomy surgery were divided into the control and intervention groups. The control group received routine nursing; the intervention group was exposed to a 3-month self-efficacy intervention, as well as routine nursing. The two groups completed the Chinese version of a self-efficacy questionnaire at 10 days, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery. Three months after surgery, the two groups also completed a quality-of-life questionnaire. There were significant differences in the quality of life between the two groups. The self-efficacy intervention nursing method improved self-efficacy and the quality of life of patients with intestinal stoma and is worthy of clinical utilization and application.This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

Usefulness of MRI to Differentiate Between Temporary and Long-Term Coronary Artery Occlusion in a Minimally Invasive Model of Experimental Myocardial Infarction

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Abegunewardene, Nico, E-mail: nico@uni-mainz.de; Vosseler, Markus; Gori, Tommaso

The surgical technique employed to determine an experimental ischemic damage is a major factor in the subsequent process of myocardial scar development. We set out to establish a minimally invasive porcine model of myocardial infarction using cardiac contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (ce-MRI) as the basic diagnostic tool. Twenty-seven domestic pigs were randomized to either temporary or permanent occlusion of the left anterior descending artery (LAD). Temporary occlusion was achieved by inflation of a percutaneous balloon in the left anterior descending artery directly beyond the second diagonal branch. Occlusion was maintained for 30 or 45 min, followed by reperfusion. Permanent occlusionmore » was achieved via thrombin injection. Thirteen animals died peri- or postinterventionally due to arrhythmias. Fourteen animals survived the 30-min ischemia (four animals; group 1), the 45-min ischemia (six animals; group 2), or the permanent occlusion (4 animals; group 3). Coronary angiography and ce-MRI were performed 8 weeks after coronary occlusion to document the coronary flow grade and the size of myocardial scar tissue. The LAD was patent in all animals in groups 1 and 2, with normal TIMI flow; in group 3 animals, the LAD was totally occluded. Fibrosis of the left ventricle in group 1 (4.9 {+-} 4.4%; p = 0.008) and group 2 (9.4 {+-} 2.9%; p = 0.05) was significantly lower than in group 3 (14.5 {+-} 3.9%). Wall thickness of the ischemic area was significantly lower in group 3 versus group 1 and group 2 (2.9 {+-} 0.3, 5.9 {+-} 0.7, and 6.1 {+-} 0.7 mm; p = 0.005). The extent of late enhancement of the left ventricle was also significantly higher in group 3 (16.9 {+-} 2.1%) compared to group 1 (5.3 {+-} 5.4%; p = 0.003) and group 2 (9.7 {+-} 3.4%, p = 0.013). In conclusion, the present model of minimally invasive infarction coupled with ce-MRI may represent a useful alternative to the open chest model for studies of myocardial infarction and scar development.« less

Retinal light toxicity

PubMed Central

Youssef, P N; Sheibani, N; Albert, D M

2011-01-01

The ability of light to enact damage on the neurosensory retina and underlying structures has been well understood for hundreds of years. While the eye has adapted several mechanisms to protect itself from such damage, certain exposures to light can still result in temporal or permanent damage. Both clinical observations and laboratory studies have enabled us to understand the various ways by which the eye can protect itself from such damage. Light or electromagnetic radiation can result in damage through photothermal, photomechanical, and photochemical mechanisms. The following review seeks to describe these various processes of injury and many of the variables, which can mitigate these modes of injury. PMID:21178995

Determinants of long acting and permanent contraceptive methods utilization among married women of reproductive age groups in western Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.

PubMed

Melka, Alemu Sufa; Tekelab, Tesfalidet; Wirtu, Desalegn

2015-01-01

In Ethiopia information on the level of utilization of the long term and permanent contraceptive methods and associated factorsis lacking. The aim of this study was to understand the determinant factors of long acting and permanent contraceptive methods use among married women of reproductive age in Western Ethiopia. A community based cross-sectional study design was employed. Multi stage sampling was used to select 1003 study participants. Data was collected from April 10 to April 25,2014 using a pre- tested structured questionnaire. The data were entered using Epi-info version 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was done to identify predictors of long acting and permanent contraceptive methods at 95% CL. Use of long acting and permanent contraceptive methods in this study was found to be 20%. Survey results showed a significant positive association between utilization of long acting and permanent contraceptive methods and women's education (AOR=1.72, 95%CI=1.02-3.05), women's occupation (AOR=2.01, 95% CI=1.11-3.58), number of live children (AOR=2.42, 95% CI: 1.46-4.02), joint fertility related decision (AOR=6.11, 95% CI: 2.29-16.30), having radio/TV (AOR=2.31, 95% CI: 1.40-3.80), and discussion with health care provider about long acting and permanent contraceptive methods (AOR=13.72, 95% CI: 8.37-22.47). Efforts need to be aimed at women empowerment, health education, and encouraging open discussion of family planning by couples.

[Effect of revascularization treatment of immature permanent teeth with endodontic infection].

PubMed

Huang, Yibin; Chen, Ke; Zhang, Ying; Xiong, Huacui; Liu, Caiqi

2013-05-01

To observe the effect of revascularization for treatment of immature teeth with endodontic infection mediated by calcium hydroxide. Seventeen pediatric patients with endodontic infections of the permanent teeth were treated with routine root canal and pulp cavity irrigation and disinfection followed by application of calcium hydroxide paste to the root canal orifice to induce revascularization. Another 17 patients received conventional apexification procedures to serve as the control group. The patients were followed up to observe the therapeutic effect of the treatments. In the revascularization treatment group, 4 cases showed healed periapical lesions 6 to 18 months after the surgery with thickened root canal walls and closure of the apical foramen; in 10 cases, the periapical lesions healed 12 to 18 months postoperatively with lengthened root, thickened root canal wall, and narrowed apical foramen. One patient reported pain and swelling at 2 months, and 2 patients showed the formation of gum fistula and ceased development of the roots at 7 and 8 months. In the control group, the periapical lesions healed in 1 cases at 12 months postoperatively with apical foramen closure; in 11 cases, hard tissues formed in the root apex without obviously lengthened roots 6 to 8 months after the surgery; in 5 cases, no apical barrier formed even 12 to 18 months after the surgery. The overall effective rates were similar between the two groups (P>0.05). Revascularization by calcium hydroxide sealing can promote root development of immature permanent teeth with pulpitis or periradicular periodontitis.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bachman, Daniel; Chen, Zhijiang; Wang, Christopher

Phase errors caused by fabrication variations in silicon photonic integrated circuits are an important problem, which negatively impacts device yield and performance. This study reports our recent progress in the development of a method for permanent, postfabrication phase error correction of silicon photonic circuits based on femtosecond laser irradiation. Using beam shaping technique, we achieve a 14-fold enhancement in the phase tuning resolution of the method with a Gaussian-shaped beam compared to a top-hat beam. The large improvement in the tuning resolution makes the femtosecond laser method potentially useful for very fine phase trimming of silicon photonic circuits. Finally, wemore » also show that femtosecond laser pulses can directly modify silicon photonic devices through a SiO 2 cladding layer, making it the only permanent post-fabrication method that can tune silicon photonic circuits protected by an oxide cladding.« less

Effectiveness of basic life support instruction in physical education students--a pilot study.

PubMed

Bielec, Grzegorz; Klajman, Paweł; Pęczak-Graczyk, Alicja

2014-01-01

According to the literature, 40% of injuries affecting school-age children are sports related. The role of physical education students, as future teachers, seems to be of high importance in terms of protecting children's safety during sports classes. The aim is to evaluate the level of basic life support (BLS) knowledge and skills in physical education students instructed with the use of different methods. Second-year physical education students (n=104, M age=20±0.6 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: experimental 1 (E1), experimental 2 (E2), and control (C). Group E1 students participated in a 2-hour BLS course based on computer-assisted presentations. Group E2 trainees practiced BLS algorithm in pairs during a 2-hour course. No manikins were used in both intervention groups. Students of Group C were asked to learn BLS algorithm on their own. All groups fulfilled a 10-question multiple-choice test on BLS at the beginning and the end of the experiment. After completing the course participants performed BLS on a manikin. The results of knowledge test were not significant before an experiment but differed essentially among the groups afterward (analysis of variance contrast analysis, p<.05). Regardless of teaching method used, no significant differences were found among the students in preparatory BLS actions and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performance on a manikin. The level of CPR performance was very low in all groups. Students of both intervention groups improved their BLS knowledge after the training. Teaching methods used in the current study seemed to be ineffective in terms of practical CPR skills. Access to greater number of modern manikins should improve the BLS training in physical education students. Moreover, permanent consultation on instructional methods with emergency medicine experts is recommended for university teachers.

76 FR 80970 - Records Schedules; Availability and Request for Comments

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-27

... studies working groups and other senior bodies, and substantive working papers. 11. Office of the Director... external web page material, and non-substantive working papers and drafts. Proposed for permanent retention... correspondence, staff-level working groups and committees, advisory program background information, non...

[Anuran richness and composition in the Eastern region of Iberá Wetlands Provincial Nature Reserve, Corrientes, Argentina].

PubMed

del Rosario, Ingaramo María; Etchepare, Eduardo Gabriel; Alvarez, Blanca Beatriz; Porcel, Eduardo

2012-06-01

In recent decades, the concern for biodiversity conservation has increased in importance, especially due to the loss of highly biodiverse natural areas such as wetlands. Despite the high fauna diversity inhabiting the Iberá, the information about its composition, structure and dynamics is scarce, and amphibians are typical and conspicuous representatives of these Neotropical areas. To generate new information about this group, the amphibian composition from two villages (Paraje Galarza and Colonia Carlos Pellegrini), belonging to two different fitogeographic regions in the Eastern edge of the Iberá, were described and compared. Samples were taken, from a respective area of 100km2 that included five landscape units (wetlands, streams and swamps, grasslands, forest and a permanent/temporal pond) each, during the four seasons between January 2007 and March 2008. The techniques applied were the Complete Species Inventories (Unrestricted direct search) and Visual Encounter Surveys (VES). A total of 28 species were found, and represented the 70% of the previously registered taxa for the whole wetland. Scinax similis and Rhinella azarai were recorded for the first time in the Iberá Wetlands. No significant differences were found in the anuran specific richness between the surveyed villages, since the 95% of confidence intervals for the species accumulation curves were superimposed. In both villages, the wetlands, streams and swamps, and the permanent pond landscapes, showed the higher species richness when compared to the others. According to the Chao2, Jacknifel and ICE estimators, the inventory completeness of species, oscillated among 88% and 98% for the whole area. The dendrogram analysis based on the Jaccard similarity index, showed that wetlands, streams and swamps were grouped and well separated from grasslands. To guarantee the conservation of the high anuran richness that inhabit the Iberá Wetland, we recommend that representative areas of each landscape must be protected.

[Improved radiation protection for medical personnel in angiography and interventional radiology using permanent shielding devices in accordance with section 21 of the Radiography Regulation].

PubMed

Eder, H

1995-03-01

Presently examiners using angiographic methods are not accustomed to measure the exposition of parts of the body. This results in a considerable undervaluation of the really received doses (in terms of effective dose). Only a consequent application of dosimetry in parts of the body--demanded by section 35 of the German X-Ray Regulation and also by the corresponding guide-line--demonstrates the real problems i.e. oversteppings of dose limits. The use of practicable installations for permanent shielding will lead to an improvement of the situation and result in a significant decrease of the received doses and--at the same time--a minor physical burden of the examinator. Dosimetry of radiation was performed at the position of the examiner both with and without the application of permanent shielding (acrylic glass (PMMA) containing lead plus shielding of the lower part of the body). It could be demonstrated that a decrease of the received dose can be reached by a rate of 2.5 to 5 concerning the trunk and of 50 concerning the skull, upper arm and hands.

Cellular mechanisms of noise-induced hearing loss.

PubMed

Kurabi, Arwa; Keithley, Elizabeth M; Housley, Gary D; Ryan, Allen F; Wong, Ann C-Y

2017-06-01

Exposure to intense sound or noise can result in purely temporary threshold shift (TTS), or leave a residual permanent threshold shift (PTS) along with alterations in growth functions of auditory nerve output. Recent research has revealed a number of mechanisms that contribute to noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). The principle cause of NIHL is damage to cochlear hair cells and associated synaptopathy. Contributions to TTS include reversible damage to hair cell (HC) stereocilia or synapses, while moderate TTS reflects protective purinergic hearing adaptation. PTS represents permanent damage to or loss of HCs and synapses. While the substrates of HC damage are complex, they include the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and the active stimulation of intracellular stress pathways, leading to programmed and/or necrotic cell death. Permanent damage to cochlear neurons can also contribute to the effects of NIHL, in addition to HC damage. These mechanisms have translational potential for pharmacological intervention and provide multiple opportunities to prevent HC damage or to rescue HCs and spiral ganglion neurons that have suffered injury. This paper reviews advances in our understanding of cellular mechanisms that contribute to NIHL and their potential for therapeutic manipulation. Published by Elsevier B.V.

The road to higher permanence and biodiversity in exurban wetlands.

PubMed

Urban, Mark C; Roehm, Robert

2018-01-01

Exurban areas are expanding throughout the world, yet their effects on local biodiversity remain poorly understood. Wetlands, in particular, face ongoing and substantial threats from exurban development. We predicted that exurbanization would reduce the diversity of wetland amphibian and invertebrate communities and that more spatially aggregated residential development would leave more undisturbed natural land, thereby promoting greater local diversity. Using structural equation models, we tested a series of predictions about the direct and indirect pathways by which exurbanization extent, spatial pattern, and wetland characteristics might affect diversity patterns in 38 wetlands recorded during a growing season. We used redundancy, indicator species, and nested community analyses to evaluate how exurbanization affected species composition. In contrast to expectations, we found higher diversity in exurban wetlands. We also found that housing aggregation did not significantly affect diversity. Exurbanization affected biodiversity indirectly by increasing roads and development, which promoted permanent wetlands with less canopy cover and more aquatic vegetation. These pond characteristics supported greater diversity. However, exurbanization was associated with fewer temporary wetlands and fewer of the species that depend on these habitats. Moreover, the best indicator species for an exurban wetland was the ram's head snail, a common disease vector in disturbed ponds. Overall, results suggest that exurbanization is homogenizing wetlands into more permanent water bodies. These more permanent, exurban ponds support higher overall animal diversity, but exclude temporary wetland specialists. Conserving the full assemblage of wetland species in expanding exurban regions throughout the world will require protecting and creating temporary wetlands.

Efficacy of Osthole in Management of Hypoperfused Retina

PubMed Central

2018-01-01

Purpose To determine the effect of osthole on the retina in a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) rat model and to investigate its therapeutic activity. Methods Seventy-two rats were randomly allocated into 6 groups. CCH was induced by permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) in five groups. Sham surgery was performed without occlusion of the artery in the sixth group (control group). Animals were administered with saline (model group), osthole (osthole-IG group), aspirin (aspirin group), or ginaton (ginaton group); the osthole-PI group was performed with peribulbar injection of osthole. Four rats in each group were sacrificed every 5 days after drug administration, and histopathology along with morphology of retina were observed. Fundus fluorescein angiography was performed before the animals were sacrificed at day 15. Retinal Akt, NF-κB, Bax, and Bcl-2 levels were assessed using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and reverse-transcription PCR; retinal injury was assessed using TUNEL in situ; retinal levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Results Fundus fluorescein angiography revealed the retinal vascular diameter in the osthole-IG group rats to be wider than that in the model, osthole-PI, aspirin, or ginaton group rats. Histological analysis of retinal tissue revealed an increase in retinal thickness in all treatment groups, and significant improvement was noticed in the osthole-IG group. TUNEL staining revealed fewer apoptotic cells in the osthole-IG and osthole-PI groups than in the other groups. For immunohistochemistry results, in the osthole-IG group, levels of NF-κB and Akt were lower than those in the other treated groups, while levels of the ratio Bcl-2/Bax were higher. Levels of MDA were lower and levels of SOD were higher in the osthole-IG group than in the other groups. Conclusions Osthole protects the retina from ischemia injury secondary to CCH induced by BCCAO, mainly through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic effects. PMID:29713525

Richness and structure of ant assemblies (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Atlantic forest in southern Brazil.

PubMed

Lutinski, Junir A; Lutinski, Cladis J; Guarda, Carin; Busato, Maria A; Garcia, Flávio R M

2017-01-01

Ant diversity is influenced by the structural complexity of the environment. Ants are thus an ecologically important group due to their potential to serve as indicators of environmental quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate ant diversity in areas with different land use histories and thus, within different stages of regeneration in the Permanent Preservation Area of the Foz do Chapecó Hydroelectric Plant reservoir. Ant assemblies among sample sites were compared using rarefaction analysis, and estimated richness, frequency of occurrence, and relative abundance were calculated. Associations between species and sample sites were evaluated using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). We identified 55 species in total from 24 genera, distributed among seven subfamilies. Eight species had positive associations with sample sites. Estimates indicated that ant richness may be up to 21.4% greater than that observed. This study presents an inventory of species capable of colonizing environments undergoing natural regeneration processes, and aids our understanding of ecological recovery dynamics in protected areas near hydroelectric plant reservoirs southern Brazil.

Using Social Justice Group Work with Young Mothers Who Experience Homelessness

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coker, Angela D.; Meyer, Dixie; Smith, Rachelle; Price, Amber

2010-01-01

Research indicates (e.g., Bassuk et al., 1997) that women and children make up a large percentage of the total number of individuals living without permanent shelter. This article represents a reflective analysis of our work as group facilitators who conducted a series of personal growth groups for young mothers living in a residential facility…

Sports-related eye injuries: the current picture.

PubMed

Leivo, Tiina; Haavisto, Anna-Kaisa; Sahraravand, Ahmad

2015-05-01

This study aims to represent the epidemiologies, findings, treatments, use of resources, outcomes and protective-eyewear-use recommendations in sports-related eye injuries by sport type. The study population is comprised of all new eye injury patients in 1 year in Helsinki University Eye Hospital. Data were collected from patient questionnaires and hospital records. The follow-up period was 3 months. 149/1151 (12.9%) of eye injuries were sports-related. Thirty two percent were related to floorball (type of hockey played on a mat with a stick and a ball); football, tennis and ice hockey were the next most common eye-injury-causing sports. Relatively, the most dangerous sports were rink bandy, (bandy played on ice hockey rink with a stick and a ball) (0.50 injuries in 12 months/1000 participants, CI 0.10-1.46), floorball (0.47, CI 0.34-0.62) and tennis (0.47, CI 0.26-0.77). Contusion was the primary diagnosis in 77% of cases; 41% of contusion patients had severe, mainly retinal findings. The number of outpatient visits was 459; inpatient days 25 and major surgeries 31. One hundred and eight patients were estimated to need life-long follow-up. Seventeen patients had a permanent functional impairment, 4 in ice hockey, 3 in floorball, 2 each in tennis and badminton. Compared to a previous study, ice hockey eye injuries are increasing and relatively severe, and a third of these injuries occurred despite visor use. Floorball eye injury incidence has significantly declined, mainly due to recently enforced mandatory protective eyewear for younger age groups. Based on these findings, we recommend, in floorball, that protective eyewear should be mandatory in all age groups. Universally in ice hockey, the proper use of a visor should be emphasised. © 2015 Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Adrenocortical responses in Japanese quail classified by their permanence in proximity to either low or high density of conspecifics.

PubMed

Guzmán, D A; Lèche, A; Contarde, C B; Nazar, F N; Marin, R H

2018-06-19

The density-related permanence test (DRP) is used to classify young birds (while in groups) according to their individual permanence in proximity to either a high or low density of conspecifics (HD or LD, respectively). The birds' performance in DRP was associated with underlying differences in the social responses of their individuals. Quails in homogeneous groups of LD residents responded with less compact groups and higher levels of agonistic interactions to the presence of an intruder, and showed higher levels of agonistic interactions among cagemates than the homogeneous groups of HD birds. This study deepen the characterization of DRP evaluating whether contrasting behavior during test is associated with birds' stress responses to challenging situations during rearing. Plasma corticosterone responses were individually assessed after submitting DRP categorized birds to a brief (10 min) partial restraint (mechanical stressor; experiment 1), or after introducing them during 5 min as intruders in homogeneous groups of 6 unknown same category (HD or LD) conspecifics (social stressor; experiment 2). Experiment 1 showed that basal corticosterone levels were similar in all groups and the partial mechanical restraint induced an increase in plasma corticosterone concentration also in all groups. However, the increase induced by the stressor was higher in the LD birds than in their HD counterparts. In experiment 2, compared to controls, social stressor showed no plasma corticosterone changes in the intruders that were introduced in an unfamiliar group of HD conspecifics. However, intruders (both HD and LD) that were visiting the LD residents showed an increased corticosterone response compared to their control counterparts. Results suggest that categorization of birds in the DRP test could have relevance for selection programs oriented to obtain birds better suited to intensive rearing conditions that includes high density of animals and exposure to unavoidable stressors.

Effect of salivary contamination and decontamination on bond strength of two one-step self-etching adhesives to dentin of primary and permanent teeth.

PubMed

Santschi, Katharina; Peutzfeldt, Anne; Lussi, Adrian; Flury, Simon

2015-02-01

To evaluate the effects of human saliva contamination and two decontamination procedures at different stages of the bonding procedure on the bond strength of two one-step self-etching adhesives to primary and permanent dentin. Extracted human primary and permanent molars (210 of each) were ground to mid-coronal dentin. The dentin specimens were randomly divided into 7 groups (n = 15/group/molar type) for each adhesive (Xeno V+ and Scotchbond Universal): no saliva contamination (control); saliva contamination before or after light curing of the adhesives followed by air drying, rinsing with water spray/air drying, or by rinsing with water spray/air drying/reapplication of the adhesives. Resin composite (Filtek Z250) was applied on the treated dentin surfaces. The specimens were stored at 37°C and 100% humidity for 24 h. After storage, shear bond strength (SBS) was measured and data analyzed with nonparametric ANOVA followed by exact Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Xeno V+ generated significantly higher SBS than Scotchbond Universal when no saliva contamination occurred. Saliva contamination reduced SBS of Xeno V+, with the reduction being more pronounced when contamination occurred before light curing than after. In both situations, decontamination involving reapplication of the adhesive restored SBS. Saliva contamination had no significant effect on Scotchbond Universal. There were no differences in SBS between primary and permanent teeth. Rinsing with water and air drying followed by reapplication of the adhesive restored bond strength to saliva-contaminated dentin.

Workers at Risk: Increased Numbers in Contingent Employment Lack Insurance, Other Benefits

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-03-01

self-employed, leased employees , and workers in the business services sector.- Estimates of the size, composition, and impact of the contingent work...government, and workers . The majority of workers receive health , pension, or other fringe benefits through their employers. Government and employers provide...who head families, have fewer economic protections than full-time permanent employees . Part-time and temporary workers generally receive lower pay

Phase 2 Clinical Trials: D-Methionine to Reduce Noise-Induced Hearing Loss

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-07-01

no lapses in regulatory reports or approvals (IRB, HRPO, FDA). KEYWORDS: D-methionine, noise, protection, hearing loss , antioxidant, free radicals...25, 2012 2012“D-methionine (D-met) Pre- Loading Prior to Noise Exposure Significantly Reduces Temporary and Permanent Noise-Induced Hearing Loss ...1 AWARD NUMBER: W81XWH-11-C-0033 TITLE: Phase 2 Clinical Trials: D-Methionine to Reduce Noise-induced Hearing Loss PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR

40 CFR 63.1947 - When do I have to comply with this subpart if I own or operate a bioreactor?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... subpart if I own or operate a bioreactor? 63.1947 Section 63.1947 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... or operate a bioreactor? You must comply with this subpart by the dates specified in § 63.1945(a) or (b) of this subpart. If you own or operate a bioreactor located at a landfill that is not permanently...

40 CFR 63.1947 - When do I have to comply with this subpart if I own or operate a bioreactor?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... subpart if I own or operate a bioreactor? 63.1947 Section 63.1947 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... or operate a bioreactor? You must comply with this subpart by the dates specified in § 63.1945(a) or (b) of this subpart. If you own or operate a bioreactor located at a landfill that is not permanently...

The 13th Aerospace Mechanisms Symposium

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bond, A. C.

1979-01-01

Technological areas covered include propulsion, motion compensation, instrument pointing and adjustment, centrifuge testing, bearing design, vehicle braking, and cargo handling. Devices for satellite, missile, and hypersonic-wind-tunnel applications; space shuttle mechanical and thermal protection systems; and techniques for building large space structures are described. In addition, a fluid drop injector device for a Spacelab experiment, a helical grip for cable cars, and applications of rare earth permanent magnets are discussed.

The effect of cockpit noise on the temporary threshold shift of Cessna 172SP flight instructors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bellini, Andrew Robert

The purpose of this thesis was to study the temporary threshold shift of general aviation flight instructors resulting from their working environment. Exposure to noise before a temporary threshold shift completely recovers can cause a permanent threshold shift with no possibility of recovery, resulting in permanent hearing loss. A result showing minimal to no temporary threshold shift would indicate that hearing personal protective equipment is working properly. This study used sound-level measurements, and audiometric testing, together with survey data to determine whether or not flight instructors were at risk for potential hearing impairment due to temporary threshold shift. Independent t-tests and descriptive statistics were used in analyzing the data. It was determined that there was a difference in temporary threshold shift based on the number of hours a flight instructor flies in a Cessna 172SP for only one frequency - 2000Hz in the left ear. All other frequencies tested in both ears showed no difference. Because there was a very low mean temporary threshold shift at 2000Hz in the left ear and no differences shown for all other frequencies in both ears, it was concluded that there was no need to improve or require additional hearing personal protective equipment, or to require decreased exposure times to aircraft noise.

Strong protection induced by an experimental DIVA subunit vaccine against bluetongue virus serotype 8 in cattle.

PubMed

Anderson, Jenna; Hägglund, Sara; Bréard, Emmanuel; Riou, Mickaël; Zohari, Siamak; Comtet, Loic; Olofson, Ann-Sophie; Gélineau, Robert; Martin, Guillaume; Elvander, Marianne; Blomqvist, Gunilla; Zientara, Stéphan; Valarcher, Jean Francois

2014-11-20

Bluetongue virus (BTV) infections in ruminants pose a permanent agricultural threat since new serotypes are constantly emerging in new locations. Clinical disease is mainly observed in sheep, but cattle were unusually affected during an outbreak of BTV seroype 8 (BTV-8) in Europe. We previously developed an experimental vaccine based on recombinant viral protein 2 (VP2) of BTV-8 and non-structural proteins 1 (NS1) and NS2 of BTV-2, mixed with an immunostimulating complex (ISCOM)-matrix adjuvant. We demonstrated that bovine immune responses induced by this vaccine were as good or superior to those induced by a classic commercial inactivated vaccine. In this study, we evaluated the protective efficacy of the experimental vaccine in cattle and, based on the detection of VP7 antibodies, assessed its DIVA compliancy following virus challenge. Two groups of BTV-seronegative calves were subcutaneously immunized twice at a 3-week interval with the subunit vaccine (n=6) or with adjuvant alone (n=6). Following BTV-8 challenge 3 weeks after second immunization, controls developed viremia and fever associated with other mild clinical signs of bluetongue disease, whereas vaccinated animals were clinically and virologically protected. The vaccine-induced protection was likely mediated by high virus-neutralizing antibody titers directed against VP2 and perhaps by cellular responses to NS1 and NS2. T lymphocyte responses were cross-reactive between BTV-2 and BTV-8, suggesting that NS1 and NS2 may provide the basis of an adaptable vaccine that can be varied by using VP2 of different serotypes. The detection of different levels of VP7 antibodies in vaccinated animals and controls after challenge suggested a compliancy between the vaccine and the DIVA companion test. This BTV subunit vaccine is a promising candidate that should be further evaluated and developed to protect against different serotypes. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

The influence of the lining material on the repair of the infected dentin in young permanent molars after restoration: A randomized clinical trial

PubMed Central

Kuhn, Eunice; Reis, Alessandra; Chibinski, Ana Claudia Rodrigues; Wambier, Denise Stadler

2016-01-01

Aim: This study evaluated the impact of liner material on the fluorescence, morphological and mineral characteristics of permanent carious dentin after cavity sealing. Methods: Thirty children (11.0 ± 2.7 years old) presenting at least one active deep carious lesion in permanent molars were selected. Fragments of carious dentin were removed from teeth before lining the cavity (baseline samples) with high-viscosity glass ionomer cement (G1) or an inert material (wax - G2). Cavities were restored with composite resin and reopened 60 days later, and other fragments were removed (60-day sample). The laser fluorescence (LF) readings and morphological and mineral changes of both groups were compared. Results: After 60 days, forty teeth were available for evaluation. Lower LF means were obtained (Wilcoxon signed-rank test; P < 0.05), and enhanced calcium and phosphorus levels were detected for both groups (t-test, P < 0.05). An uptake of fluorine was observed only in G1 (t-test; P < 0.05). Regardless of the group, baseline samples exhibited clear signs of bacterial invasion, and the collagen fibers were exposed; the 60-day samples showed a better-organized tissue with a more compact intertubular dentin. Conclusion: Caries arrestment with dentin reorganization occurs regardless of the lining material placed in contact with the infected dentin. PMID:27994311

Cross-sectional Internet-based survey of Japanese permanent daytime workers' sleep and daily rest periods.

PubMed

Ikeda, Hiroki; Kubo, Tomohide; Sasaki, Takeshi; Liu, Xinxin; Matsuo, Tomoaki; So, Rina; Matsumoto, Shun; Yamauchi, Takashi; Takahashi, Masaya

2018-05-25

This study aimed to describe the sleep quantity, sleep quality, and daily rest periods (DRPs) of Japanese permanent daytime workers. Information about the usual DRP, sleep quantity, and sleep quality (Japanese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: PSQI-J) of 3,867 permanent daytime workers in Japan was gathered through an Internet-based survey. This information was analyzed and divided into the following eight DRP groups: <10, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and ≥16 h. The sleep durations for workers in the <10, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and ≥16 h DRP groups were found to be 5.3, 5.9, 6.1, 6.3, 6.5, 6.7, 6.7, and 6.9 h, respectively. The trend analysis revealed a significant linear trend as the shorter the DRP, the shorter was the sleep duration. The PSQI-J scores for the <10, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and ≥16 h DRP groups were 7.1, 6.7, 6.7, 6.3, 6.0 (5.999), 5.6, 5.2, and 5.2, respectively. The trend analysis revealed a significant linear trend as the shorter the DRP, the lower was the sleep quality. This study described sleep quantity, sleep quality, and DRP in Japanese daytime workers. It was found that a shorter DRP was associated with poorer sleep quantity as well as quality.

Learning to live with a permanent intestinal ostomy: impact on everyday life and educational needs.

PubMed

Danielsen, Anne Kjaergaard; Soerensen, Erik Elgaard; Burcharth, Kirsten; Rosenberg, Jacob

2013-01-01

The aim of the study was to explore the impact of a permanent stoma on patients' everyday lives and to gain further insight into their need for ostomy-related education. The sample population comprised 15 persons with permanent ostomies. Stomas were created to manage colorectal cancer or inflammatory bowel disease. The research setting was the surgical department at a hospital in the Capitol Region of Denmark associated with the University of Copenhagen. Focus group interviews were conducted using a phenomenological hermeneutic approach. Data were collected and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Stoma creation led to feelings of stigma, worries about disclosure, a need for control and self-imposed limits. Furthermore, patients experienced difficulties identifying their new lives with their lives before surgery. Participants stated they need to be seen as a whole person, to have close contact with health care professionals, and receive trustworthy information about life with an ostomy. Respondents proposed group sessions conducted after hospital discharge. They further recommended that sessions be delivered by lay teachers who had a stoma themselves. Self-imposed isolation was often selected as a strategy for avoiding disclosing the presence of a stoma. Patient education, using health promotional methods, should take the settings into account and patients' possibility of effective knowledge transfer. Respondents recommend involvement of lay teachers, who have a stoma, and group-based learning processes are proposed, when planning and conducting patient education.

Decision analysis for habitat conservation of an endangered, range-limited salamander

USGS Publications Warehouse

Robinson, Orin J.; McGowan, Conor P.; Apodaca, J.J.

2016-01-01

Many species of conservation concern are habitat limited and often a major focus of management for these species is habitat acquisition and/or restoration. Deciding the location of habitat restoration or acquisition to best benefit a protected species can be a complicated subject with competing management objectives, ecological uncertainties and stochasticity. Structured decision making (SDM) could be a useful approach for explicitly incorporating those complexities while still working toward species conservation and/or recovery. We applied an SDM approach to Red Hills salamander Phaeognathus hubrichti habitat conservation decision making. Phaeognathus hubrichti is a severely range-limited endemic species in south central Alabama and has highly specific habitat requirements. Many known populations live on private lands and the primary mode of habitat protection is habitat conservation planning, but such plans are non-binding and not permanent. Working with stakeholders, we developed an objectives hierarchy linking land acquisition or protection actions to fundamental objectives. We built a model to assess and compare the quality of the habitat in the known range of P. hubrichti. Our model evaluated key habitat attributes of 5814 pixels of 1 km2 each and ranked the pixels from best to worst with respect to P. hubrichti habitat requirements. Our results are a spatially explicit valuation of each pixel, with respect to its probable benefit to P. hubrichti populations. The results of this effort will be used to rank pixels from most to least beneficial, then identify land owners in the most useful areas for salamanders who are willing to sell or enter into a permanent easement agreement.

Anti-graffiti nanocomposite materials for surface protection of a very porous stone

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Licchelli, Maurizio; Malagodi, Marco; Weththimuni, Maduka; Zanchi, Chiara

2014-09-01

The preservation of stone substrates from defacement induced by graffiti represents a very challenging task, which can be faced by applying suitable protective agents on the surface. Although different anti-graffiti materials have been developed, it is often found that their effectiveness is unsatisfactory, most of all when applied on very porous stones, e.g. Lecce stone. The aim of this work was to study the anti-graffiti behaviour of new nanocomposite materials obtained by dispersing montmorillonite nanoparticles (layered aluminosilicates with a high-aspect ratio) into a fluorinated polymer matrix (a fluorinated polyurethane based on perfluoropolyether blocks). Polymeric structure was modified by inducing a cross-linking process, in order to produce a durable anti-graffiti coating with enhanced barrier properties. Several composites were prepared using a naturally occurring and an organically modified montmorillonite clay (1, 3, and 5 % w/w concentrations). Materials were applied on Lecce stone specimens, and then their treated surfaces were soiled by a black ink permanent marker or by a black acrylic spray paint. Several repeated staining/cleaning cycles were performed in order to evaluate anti-graffiti effectiveness. Colorimetric measurements were selected to assess the anti-graffiti performance. It was found that the presence of 3 % w/w organically modified montmorillonite in the polymer coating is enough to induce a durable anti-graffiti effect when the stone surface is stained by acrylic paint. Less promising results are obtained when staining by permanent marker is considered as all the investigated treatments afford a reasonable protection from ink only for the first staining/cleaning cycle.

Morphometric analysis of developing crowns of maxillary primary second molars and permanent first molars in humans.

PubMed

Peretz, B; Nevis, N; Smith, P

1998-07-01

The purpose of this study was firstly to characterize the changes occurring in size and form of the mineralizing maxillary second primary molar and first permanent molar crowns, and secondly to determine if similar changes in size and form characterize enamel apposition in the crowns of these teeth. Twenty-five primary second molars and 20 maxillary permanent first molars at various stages of development, found in archaeological excavations in Israel, were examined for a number of measured variables using image analyser software. Teeth were divided into two groups according to their stage of development: stage I included all teeth at an early stage of development in which mesiobuccal-cusp height was less than 5 mm for the primary molar and 5.9 mm for the permanent molar; stage 2 included all teeth in later stages of development where mesiobuccal-cusp height was greater than these values. In the primary molar, a significant increase was found between the two stages in almost all variables. Significant correlations were also found between all intercusp distances and the external variables. Strong correlations between height of the mesiobuccal cusp and all external and internal variables were noted in stage 1, but fewer in stage 2. In the permanent tooth, no increase was observed in intercusp distances and very few correlations were found between and among the variables. The results suggest that a change in the shape of the maxillary primary second molar occurs during formation, with the lingual cusp tips moving lingually and distally, and the distobuccal cusp tips moving distally. No change occurs in the shape of the maxillary permanent first molar during crown formation. Growth of the maxillary primary second and permanent first molar crowns occurs in 'bursts' of development.

Effort-reward imbalance and its association with health among permanent and fixed-term workers

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background In the past decade, the changing labor market seems to have rejected the traditional standards employment and has begun to support a variety of non-standard forms of work in their place. The purpose of our study was to compare the degree of job stress, sources of job stress, and association of high job stress with health among permanent and fixed-term workers. Methods Our study subjects were 709 male workers aged 30 to 49 years in a suburb of Tokyo, Japan. In 2008, we conducted a cross-sectional study to compare job stress using an effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model questionnaire. Lifestyles, subjective symptoms, and body mass index were also observed from the 2008 health check-up data. Results The rate of job stress of the high-risk group measured by ERI questionnaire was not different between permanent and fixed-term workers. However, the content of the ERI components differed. Permanent workers were distressed more by effort, overwork, or job demand, while fixed-term workers were distressed more by their job insecurity. Moreover, higher ERI was associated with existence of subjective symptoms (OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.42-3.03) and obesity (OR = 2.84, 95% CI:1.78-4.53) in fixed-term workers while this tendency was not found in permanent workers. Conclusions Our study showed that workers with different employment types, permanent and fixed-term, have dissimilar sources of job stress even though their degree of job stress seems to be the same. High ERI was associated with existing subjective symptoms and obesity in fixed-term workers. Therefore, understanding different sources of job stress and their association with health among permanent and fixed-term workers should be considered to prevent further health problems. PMID:21054838

Longer Life for Steel Structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

IC 531 is a coating manufactured and marketed by Inorganic Coatings, Inc. The coating was developed by Goddard to protect structures at Kennedy Space Center. It is a high ratio potassium silicate formula. The coating is water based, nontoxic, and nonflammable. It generates no volatile organic compounds nor hazardous chemical waste, and bonds to steel in 30 minutes. At the present time, no one can say for sure how long IC 531's effective lifetime is. Some of the original Goddard test applications of 1976 are still going strong after lengthy exposure to the Sun, salt and moisture. Says IC in company literature: 'IC 531 offers virtually permanent protection for steel. We predict it will protect structures for well beyond 25 years. If necessary, it is infinitely maintainable; if damaged, it can easily be touched up with more IC 531.'

Description and evaluation of a hearing conservation program in use in a professional symphony orchestra.

PubMed

O'Brien, Ian; Driscoll, Tim; Ackermann, Bronwen

2015-04-01

Professional orchestral musicians risk permanent hearing loss while playing their instruments. Protecting the hearing of these musicians in the workplace is critical to their ongoing ability to play their instruments, but typical workplace hearing conservation measures can have very damaging effects on the product (music) and the musicians' abilities to hear one another sufficiently. To enable effective intervention, orchestras as employers must encourage engagement with hearing protection programs and implement controls while preserving the integrity of the music. To achieve this, typical approaches used in other industries must be redesigned to suit this unique workplace. In response to these challenges, the Queensland Symphony Orchestra (Brisbane, Australia) introduced a comprehensive hearing conservation strategy in 2005 based upon best practice at the time. This strategy-which has been regularly refined-continues to be implemented on a daily basis. This investigation aimed to assess the successes, difficulties, and practical viability of the program. To achieve this a process evaluation was carried out, incorporating archival analyses, player and management focus groups, and an interview with the program's administrator. Results show the program has successfully become integrated into the orchestra's and the musicians' daily operations and significantly contributes to managing the risk of hearing loss in this population. While there is room for improvement in the orchestra's approach-particularly regarding usable personal protective devices and improved education and training, results are encouraging. This study provides a basis for those wishing to implement or evaluate similar paradigms. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Occupational Hygiene Society.

Effectiveness of the bucco-lingual technique within a school-based supervised toothbrushing program on preventing caries: a randomized controlled trial

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background Supervised toothbrushing programs using fluoride dentifrice have reduced caries increment. However there is no information about the effectiveness of the professional cross-brushing technique within a community intervention. The aim was to assess if the bucco-lingual technique can increase the effectiveness of a school-based supervised toothbrushing program on preventing caries. Methods A randomized double-blinded controlled community intervention trial to be analyzed at an individual level was conducted in a Brazilian low-income fluoridated area. Six preschools were randomly assigned to the test and control groups and 284 five-year-old children presenting at least one permanent molar with emerged/sound occlusal surface participated. In control group, oral health education and dental plaque dying followed by toothbrushing with fluoride dentifrice supervised directly by a dental assistant, was developed four times per year. At the remaining school days the children brushed their teeth under indirect supervising of the teachers. In test group, children also underwent a professional cross-brushing on surfaces of first permanent molar rendered by a specially trained dental assistant five times per year. Enamel and dentin caries were recorded on buccal, occlusal and lingual surfaces of permanent molars during 18-month follow-up. Exposure time of surfaces was calculated and incidence density ratio was estimated using Poisson regression model. Results Difference of 21.6 lesions per 1,000 children between control and test groups was observed. Among boys whose caries risk was higher compared to girls, incidence density was 50% lower in test group (p = 0.016). Conclusion Modified program was effective among the boys. It is licit to project a relevant effect in a larger period suggesting in a broader population substantial reduction of dental care needs. Trial registration ISRCTN18548869. PMID:21426572

Can a Boxer Engine Reduce Leg Injuries Among Motorcyclists? Analysis of Injury Distributions in Crashes Involving Different Motorcycles Fitted with Antilock Brakes (ABS).

PubMed

Rizzi, Matteo

2015-01-01

Several studies have shown that motorcycle antilock braking systems (ABS) reduce crashes and injuries. However, it has been suggested that the improved stability provided by ABS would make upright crashes more frequent, thus changing the injury distributions among motorcyclists and increasing the risk of leg injuries. The overall motorcycle design can vary across different categories and manufacturers. For instance, some motorcycles are equipped with boxer-twin engines; that is, with protruding cylinder heads. A previous study based on a limited material has suggested that these could provide some leg protection; therefore, the aim of this research was to analyze injury distributions in crashes involving ABS-equipped motorcycles with boxer-twin engines compared to similar ABS-equipped motorcycles with other engine configurations. Swedish hospital and police records from 2003-2014 were used. Crashes involving ABS-equipped motorcycles with boxer-twin engines (n = 55) were compared with similar ABS-equipped motorcycles with other engines configurations (n = 127). The distributions of Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 1+ and AIS 2+ were compared. Each subject's injury scores were also converted to the risk for permanent medical impairment (RPMI), which shows the risk of different levels of permanent medical impairment given the severity and location and of injuries. To compare injury severity, the mean RPMI 1+ and RPMI 10+ were analyzed for each body region and in overall for each group of motorcyclists. It was found that AIS 1+, AIS 2+, and PMI 1+ leg injuries were reduced by approximately 50% among riders with boxer engines. These results were statistically significant. The number of injuries to the upper body did not increase; the mean RPMI to the head and upper body were similar across the 2 groups, suggesting that the severity of injuries did not increase either. Indications were found suggesting that the overall mean RPMI 1+ was lower among riders with boxer engines, although this result was not statistically significant. The mean values of the overall RPMI 10+ were similar. Boxer-twin engines were not originally developed to improve motorcycle crashworthiness. However, the present article indicates that these engines can reduce leg injuries among riders of motorcycles fitted with ABS. Though it is recommended that future research should look deeper into this particular aspect, the present findings suggest that the concept of integrated leg protection is indeed feasible and that further engineering efforts in this area are likely to yield significant savings in health losses among motorcyclists.

75 FR 60846 - Bureau of Consular Affairs; Registration for the Diversity Immigrant (DV-2012) Visa Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-01

... need to submit a photo for a child who is already a U.S. citizen or a Legal Permanent Resident. Group... Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) format; it must have a maximum image file size of two hundred... (dpi); the image file format in Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) format; the maximum image file...

78 FR 59743 - Bureau of Consular Affairs; Registration for the Diversity Immigrant (DV-2015) Visa Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-27

... already a U.S. citizen or a Lawful Permanent Resident, but you will not be penalized if you do. Group... specifications: Image File Format: The miage must be in the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) format. Image... in the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) format. Image File Size: The maximum image file size...

Plant functional group responses to fire frequency and tree canopy cover gradients in oak savannas and woodlands.

Treesearch

D.W. Peterson; P.B. Reich; K.J. Wrage

2007-01-01

We measured plant functional group cover and tree canopy cover on permanent plots within a long-term prescribed fire frequency experiment and used hierarchical linear modeling to assess plant functional group responses to fire frequency and tree canopy cover. Understory woody plant cover was highest in unburned woodlands and was negatively correlated with fire...

Relationship between caries experience and demarcated hypomineralised lesions (including MIH) in the permanent dentition of 15-year-olds.

PubMed

Kühnisch, Jan; Kabary, Lamiaa; Malyk, Yuri; Rothmaier, Katrin; Metz, Isabel; Hickel, Reinhard; Heinrich, Joachim; Manton, David; Standl, Marie

2018-06-01

This cross-sectional study compared the caries experience in 15-year-olds with and without demarcated hypomineralised lesions (DHL) in permanent teeth. One thousand three hundred and two 15-year-old adolescents from two ongoing birth cohorts (GINIplus15 and LISAplus15) were examined to determine non-cavitated carious lesions (NCCL) and the DMF index. Furthermore, DHL was scored on all permanent teeth/surfaces according to the molar-incisor hypomineralisation criteria of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (MIH/EAPD). Adolescents with DHL were categorised into those with a minimum of one DHL in the permanent dentition (DHL ≥ 1), with DHL on at least one first permanent molar (MIH/EAPD) and with DHL on at least one first permanent molar and permanent incisor (MIH/Severe). The study was conducted in the metropolitan area of Munich. The proportion of children without caries amounted to 63.7% (DMF > 0) and 26.0% (D 1-4 MF > 0); the caries experience was mean = 4.0(SD = 5.2) NCCL/T and 0.9(1.7) DMF/T. Existence of DHL ≥ 1, MIH/EAPD and MIH/Severe was detected in 40.2, 17.2 and 9.8% of all adolescents, respectively. The corresponding DMF/T values were: no DHL 0.9(1.7); DHL ≥ 1 1.0(1.7); MIH/EAPD 1.1(1.6); MIH/Severe 1.1(1.7). The group of adolescents with MIH/EAPD and MIH/Severe were found to have statistically higher caries rates in comparison to those with no DHL. Caries and DHL are prevalent and influenced the dental health of 15-year-old adolescents. A significant positive association existed between the presence of caries and DHL. Children with MIH/EAPD or MIH/Severe had a higher probability to develop carious lesions in the permanent dentition.

Random regression models using different functions to model milk flow in dairy cows.

PubMed

Laureano, M M M; Bignardi, A B; El Faro, L; Cardoso, V L; Tonhati, H; Albuquerque, L G

2014-09-12

We analyzed 75,555 test-day milk flow records from 2175 primiparous Holstein cows that calved between 1997 and 2005. Milk flow was obtained by dividing the mean milk yield (kg) of the 3 daily milking by the total milking time (min) and was expressed as kg/min. Milk flow was grouped into 43 weekly classes. The analyses were performed using a single-trait Random Regression Models that included direct additive genetic, permanent environmental, and residual random effects. In addition, the contemporary group and linear and quadratic effects of cow age at calving were included as fixed effects. Fourth-order orthogonal Legendre polynomial of days in milk was used to model the mean trend in milk flow. The additive genetic and permanent environmental covariance functions were estimated using random regression Legendre polynomials and B-spline functions of days in milk. The model using a third-order Legendre polynomial for additive genetic effects and a sixth-order polynomial for permanent environmental effects, which contained 7 residual classes, proved to be the most adequate to describe variations in milk flow, and was also the most parsimonious. The heritability in milk flow estimated by the most parsimonious model was of moderate to high magnitude.

Atomic force microscopic comparison of remineralization with casein-phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate paste, acidulated phosphate fluoride gel and iron supplement in primary and permanent teeth: An in-vitro study

PubMed Central

Agrawal, Nikita; Shashikiran, N. D.; Singla, Shilpy; Ravi, K. S.; Kulkarni, Vinaya Kumar

2014-01-01

Context: Demineralization of tooth by erosion is caused by frequent contact between the tooth surface and acids present in soft drinks. Aim: The present study objective was to evaluate the remineralization potential of casein-phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) paste, 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel and iron supplement on dental erosion by soft drinks in human primary and permanent enamel using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Materials and Methods: Specimens were made from extracted 15 primary and 15 permanent teeth which were randomly divided into three treatment groups: CPP-ACP paste, APF gel and iron supplement. AFM was used for baseline readings followed by demineralization and remineralization cycle. Results and Statistics: Almost all group of samples showed remineralization that is a reduction in surface roughness which was higher with CPP-ACP paste. Statistical analysis was performed using by one-way ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U-test with P < 0.05. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the application of CPP-ACP paste is effective on preventing dental erosion from soft drinks. PMID:24808700

Reciprocity of temporary and permanent workers: an exploratory study in an industrial company.

PubMed

Lopes, Silvia; Chambel, Maria José

2012-11-01

The increasing use of temporary work prompts the need to understand to what degree workers with this type of contract differ from permanent workers as to the relationship they establish with the organization they work for. This study used a sample of temporary workers (N = 78) and permanent workers (N = 196) within the same company of electronics in Portugal. The results show that, regardless of the type of contract, the perception of human resource practices was related to the perception of psychological contract fulfillment by the company. Additionally and according to the norm of reciprocity, we verified that when workers thought the company was fulfilling its obligations they responded favorably showing more affective commitment towards the company. However, we found differences between these two groups of workers: for the permanent performance appraisal, training and rewards were human resources practices that were significantly related to psychological contract fulfillment, while for the temporary ones there weren't any specific practices that had a significant relationship with that variable. The practical implications of these findings for the management of temporary workers are discussed.

Epoxy coated reinforcement in bridge decks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wills, J.

A review was conducted of methods relating to the use of epoxy coated reinforcing bars for bridge decks and their potential for use in the United Kingdom. A survey of work carried out in the USA was carried out and the analysis used in a preliminary cost study. The options of having either a hot rolled asphalt surfacing or a permanently exposed concrete wearing surface were considered. It was concluded that epoxy coating of the top steel in addition to current waterproofing practice would provide, at relatively little extra cost, additional assurance that the reinforcement would be adequately protected throughout the life of a bridge. Current design rules do not permit decks with permanently exposed concrete wearing surface without waterproofing. Epoxy coating may afford a means of introducing such decks but before a positive recommendation to delete waterproofing can be made further studies would have to be undertaken.

Postfabrication Phase Error Correction of Silicon Photonic Circuits by Single Femtosecond Laser Pulses

DOE PAGES

Bachman, Daniel; Chen, Zhijiang; Wang, Christopher; ...

2016-11-29

Phase errors caused by fabrication variations in silicon photonic integrated circuits are an important problem, which negatively impacts device yield and performance. This study reports our recent progress in the development of a method for permanent, postfabrication phase error correction of silicon photonic circuits based on femtosecond laser irradiation. Using beam shaping technique, we achieve a 14-fold enhancement in the phase tuning resolution of the method with a Gaussian-shaped beam compared to a top-hat beam. The large improvement in the tuning resolution makes the femtosecond laser method potentially useful for very fine phase trimming of silicon photonic circuits. Finally, wemore » also show that femtosecond laser pulses can directly modify silicon photonic devices through a SiO 2 cladding layer, making it the only permanent post-fabrication method that can tune silicon photonic circuits protected by an oxide cladding.« less

Implant-based oral rehabilitation of a variant model of type I dentinal dysplasia: A rare case report

PubMed Central

Nettem, Sowmya; Nettemu, Sunil Kumar; Basha, K.; Venkatachalapathi, S

2014-01-01

Dentin dysplasia is an exceptionally rare, autosomal-dominant, hereditary condition, primarily characterized by defective dentin formation affecting both the deciduous and permanent dentitions. The etiology remains imprecise to date, in spite of the numerous hypotheses put forward and the constant updates on this condition. This case report of type I dentin dysplasia exhibits radiographic findings that are unique and diverse from the classical findings of various subtypes of this disease reported to date. This article also depicts the implant-based oral rehabilitation of the young patient diagnosed with this variant model of dentin dysplasia type I. Early diagnosis and implementation of this preventive and curative therapy is vital for avoiding premature exfoliation of deciduous and permanent dentition and the associated residual ridge resorption, thereby overcoming functional and esthetic deficits and ensuring protection of the remaining dentition from further harm. PMID:25225567

A Roof for the Lions' House

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1978-01-01

Fans of the National Football League s Detroit Lions don't worry about game day weather. Their magnificent new Pontiac Stadium has a domed, air-supported, fabric roof that admits light but protects the playing field and patrons from the elements. The 80,000-seat Silverdome is the world s largest fabric-covered structure-and aerospace technology played an important part in its construction. The key to economical construction of the Silverdome--and many other types of buildings--is a spinoff of fiber glass Beta yarn coated with Teflon TFE fluorocarbon resin. The big advance it offers is permanency.The team of DuPont, Chemical Fabrics and Birdair have collaborated on a number of fabric structures. Some are supported by air pressure, others by cables alone. Most of the structures are in the recreational category. With conventional construction costs still on the upswing, you're likely to see a great many more permanent facilities enclosed by the aerospace spinoff fabric.

[Urban noise pollution].

PubMed

Chouard, C H

2001-07-01

Noise is responsible for cochlear and general damages. Hearing loss and tinnitus greatly depend on sound intensity and duration. Short-duration sound of sufficient intensity (gunshot or explosion) will not be described because they are not currently encountered in our normal urban environment. Sound levels of less than 75 d (A) are unlikely to cause permanent hearing loss, while sound levels of about 85 d (A) with exposures of 8 h per day will produce permanent hearing loss after many years. Popular and largely amplified music is today one of the most dangerous causes of noise induced hearing loss. The intensity of noises (airport, highway) responsible for stress and general consequences (cardiovascular) is generally lower. Individual noise sensibility depends on several factors. Strategies to prevent damage from sound exposure should include the use of individual hearing protection devices, education programs beginning with school-age children, consumer guidance, increased product noise labelling, and hearing conservation programs for occupational settings.

Does the Second Amendment Protect the Gun Rights of Persons With Mental Illness?

PubMed

Appelbaum, Paul S

2017-01-01

Under federal law, persons who have been involuntarily hospitalized for psychiatric reasons are permanently barred from gun possession. That policy was challenged in 2012 by a Michigan man who had been committed 25 years earlier and who was blocked in 2011 from buying a gun. Considering his claim, the Sixth Circuit held that people with mental illness are not categorically excluded from Second Amendment protection and that an irreversible lifetime ban was unconstitutional. Although many mental health organizations and practitioners favor gun restrictions, they oppose discriminatory treatment of persons with mental illness, creating ambivalence about the decision, which presages greater involvement of mental health professionals in decisions regarding gun rights restoration.

Determine Important Nuclear Fragmentation Processes for Space Radiation Protection in Human Space Explorations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lin, Zi-wei

2004-01-01

Space radiation from cosmic ray particles is one of the main challenges for long-term human space explorations such as a permanent moon base or a trip to Mars. Material shielding may provide significant radiation protection to astronauts, and models have been developed in order to evaluate the effectiveness of different shielding materials and to predict radiation environment inside the spacecraft. In this study we determine the nuclear fragmentation cross sections which will most effect the radiation risk behind typical radiation shielding materials. These cross sections thus need more theoretical studies and accurate experimental measurements in order for us to more precisely predict the radiation risk in human space explorations.

Determine Important Nuclear Fragmentation Processes for Space Radiation Protection in Human Space Explorations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lin, Zi-Wei

2004-01-01

Space radiation from cosmic ray particles is one of the main challenges for long-term human space explorations such as a permanent moon base or a trip to Mars. Material shielding may provide significant radiation protection to astronauts, and models have been developed in order to evaluate the effectiveness of different shielding materials and to predict radiation environment inside the spacecraft. In this study we determine the nuclear fragmentation cross sections which will most affect the radiation risk behind typical radiation shielding materials. These cross sections thus need more theoretical studies and accurate experimental measurements in order for us to more precisely predict the radiation risk in human space exploration.

Determine Important Nuclear Fragmentation Processes for Space Radiation Protection in Human Space Explorations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lin, Zi-Wei

2004-01-01

Space radiation from cosmic ray particles is one of the main challenges for long-term human space explorations such as a permanent moon base or a trip to Mars. Material shielding may provide significant radiation protection to astronauts, and models have been developed in order to evaluate the effectiveness of different shielding materials and to predict radiation environment inside the spacecraft. In this study we determine the nuclear fragmentation cross sections which will most affect the radiation risk behind typical radiation shielding materials. These cross sections thus need more theoretical studies and accurate experimental measurements in order for us to more precisely predict the radiation risk in human space explorations.

Vertical regolith shield wall construction for lunar base applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kaplicky, Jan; Nixon, David; Wernick, Jane

1992-01-01

Lunar bases located on the lunar surface will require permanent protection from radiation and launch ejecta. This paper outlines a method of providing physical protection using lunar regolith that is constructed in situ as a modular vertical wall using specially devised methods of containment and construction. Deployable compartments, reinforced with corner struts, are elevated and filled by a moving gantry. The compartments interlock to form a stable wall. Different wall heights, thicknesses, and plan configurations are achieved by varying the geometry of the individual compartments, which are made from woven carbon fibers. Conventional terrestrial structural engineering techniques can be modified and used to establish the structural integrity and performance of the wall assembly.

A test of vegetation-related indicators of wetland quality in the prairie pothole region

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kantrud, H.A.; Newton, W.E.

1996-01-01

This study was part of an effort by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to quantitatively assess the environmental quality or 'health' of wetland resources on regional and national scales. During a two-year pilot study, we tested selected indicators of wetland quality in the U.S. portion of the prairie pothole region (PPR). We assumed that the amount of cropland versus non-cropland (mostly grassland) in the plots containing these basins was a proxy for their quality. We then tested indicators by their ability to discriminate between wetlands at the extremes of that proxy. Amounts of standing dead vegetation were greater in zones of greater water permanence. Depth of litter was greater in zones of greater water permanence and in zones of basins in poor-quality watersheds. Amounts of unvegetated bottom were greater in basins in poor-quality watersheds; lesser amounts occurred in all wetlands during a wetter year. Greater amounts of open water occurred during a wetter year and in zones of greater water permanence. When unadjusted for areas (ha) of communities, plant taxon richness was higher in wet-meadow and shallow-marsh zones in good-quality watersheds than in similar zones in poor-quality watersheds. Wet-meadow zones in good-quality watersheds had greater numbers of native perennials than those in poor-quality watersheds. This relation held when we eliminated all communities in good-quality watersheds larger than the largest communities in poor-quality watersheds from the data set. We conclude that although amounts of unvegetated bottom and plant taxon richness in wet-meadow zones were useful indicators of wetland quality during our study, the search for additional such indicators should continue. The value of these indicators may change with the notoriously unstable hydrological conditions in the PPR. Most valuable would be indicators that could be photographed or otherwise remotely sensed and would remain relatively stable under various hydrological conditions. An ideal set of indicators could detect the absence of stressors, as well as the presence of structures or functions, of known value to major groups of organisms.

The impact of a statewide trauma-informed child welfare initiative on children's permanency and maltreatment outcomes.

PubMed

Barto, Beth; Bartlett, Jessica Dym; Von Ende, Adam; Bodian, Ruth; Noroña, Carmen Rosa; Griffin, Jessica; Fraser, Jenifer Goldman; Kinniburgh, Kristine; Spinazzola, Joseph; Montagna, Crystaltina; Todd, Marybeth

2018-05-05

This article presents findings of a state-wide trauma informed child-welfare initiative with the goal of improving well-being, permanency and maltreatment outcomes for traumatized children. The Massachuetts Child Trauma Project (MCTP), funded by the Administration of Children and Families, Children's Bureau was a multi-year project implementing trauma-informed care into child welfare service delivery. The project's implementation design included training and consultation for mental health providers in three evidence-based treatments and training of the child-welfare workforce in trauma-informed case work practice. The learning was integrated between child-welfare and mental health with Trauma Informed Leadership Teams which included leaders from both systems and the greater community. These teams developed incremental steps toward trauma-informed system improvement. This study evaluated whether MCTP was associated with reductions in child abuse and neglect, improvements in placement stability, and higher rates of permanency during the first year of implementation. Children in the intervention group had fewer total substantiated reports of maltreatment, including less physical abuse and neglect than the comparison group by the end of the intervention year. However, children in the intervention group had more maltreatment reports (substantiated or not) and total out-of-home placements than did their counterparts in the comparison group. Assignment to MCTP, however, was not associated with an increase in kinship care or adoption. Overall, the results are promising in reinforcing the importance of mobilizing communities toward improvements in child-welfare service delivery. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Gamma Knife radiosurgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations in children/adolescents and adults. Part I: Differences in epidemiologic, morphologic, and clinical characteristics, permanent complications, and bleeding in the latency period

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nicolato, Antonio; Lupidi, Francesco; Section of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, University of Verona and University Hospital, Verona

Purpose: To compare the epidemiologic, morphologic, and clinical characteristics of 92 children/adolescents (Group A) and 362 adults (Group B) with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (cAVMs) considered suitable for radiosurgery; to correlate radiosurgery-related permanent complication and post-radiosurgery bleeding rates in the 75 children/adolescents and 297 adults available for follow-up. Methods and Materials: Radiosurgery was performed with a model C 201-source Co{sup 6} Leksell Gamma Unit (Elekta Instruments, Stockholm, Sweden). Fisher exact two-tailed, Wilcoxon rank-sum, and two-sample binomial exact tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: There were significant differences between the two populations in sex (p = 0.015), clinical presentation (p =more » 0.001), and location (p = 0.008). The permanent complication rate was lower in younger (1.3%) than in older patients (5.4%), although the difference was not significant (p = 0.213). The postradiosurgery bleeding rate was lower in Group A (1.3%) than in Group B (2.7%) (p = 0.694), with global actuarial bleeding rates of 0.56% per year and 1.15% per year, respectively. Conclusions: The different characteristics of child/adolescent and adult cAVMs suggest that they should be considered two distinct vascular disorders. The similar rates of radiosurgery-related complications and latency period bleeding in the two populations show that gamma knife radiosurgery does not expose young patients to a higher risk of sequelae than that for older patients.« less

Frequency and variability of dental morphology in deciduous and permanent dentition of a Nasa indigenous group in the municipality of Morales, Cauca, Colombia.

PubMed

Díaz, Eider; García, Lorena; Hernández, Michelle; Palacio, Lesly; Ruiz, Diana; Velandia, Nataly; Villavicencio, Judy; Moreno, Freddy

2014-01-01

To determine the frequency, variability, sexual dimorphism and bilateral symmetry of fourteen dental crown traits in the deciduous and permanent dentition of 60 dental models (35 women and 25 men) obtained from a native, indigenous group of Nasa school children of the Musse Ukue group in the municipality of Morales, Department of Cauca, Colombia. This is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study that characterizes dental morphology by means of the systems for temporary dentition from Dahlberg (winging), and ASUDAS (crowding, reduction of hypocone, metaconule and cusp 6), Hanihara (central and lateral incisors in shovel-shape and cusp 7), Sciulli (double bit, layered fold protostylid, cusp pattern and cusp number) and Grine (Carabelli trait); and in permanent dentition from ASUDAS (Winging, crowding, central and lateral incisors in shovel-shape and double shovel-shape, Carabelli trait, hypocone reduction, metaconule, cusp pattern, cusp number, layered fold protostylid, cusp 6 and cusp 7). The most frequent dental crown features were the shovel-shaped form, grooved and fossa forms of the Carabelli trait, metaconule, cusp pattern Y6, layered fold, protostylid (point P) and cusp 6. Sexual dimorphism was not observed and there was bilateral symmetry in the expression of these features. The sample studied presented a great affinity with ethnic groups belonging to the Mongoloid Dental Complex due to the frequency (expression) and variability (gradation) of the tooth crown traits, upper incisors, the Carabelli trait, the protostylid, cusp 6 and cusp 7. The influence of the Caucasoide Dental Complex associated with ethno-historical processes cannot be ruled out.

Internal structure changes in bleached black human hair resulting from chemical treatments: A Raman spectroscopic investigation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuzuhara, Akio

2014-11-01

In order to investigate in detail the influence of chemical treatments (reduction, hydrolyzed eggwhite protein (HEWP) treatment, and oxidation) on damaged hair keratin fibers, the structure of cross-sections at various depths of excessively bleached (damaged) black human hair resulting from a permanent waving process was directly analyzed using Raman spectroscopy. It was found that L-cysteine (CYS) largely reacted with the gauche-gauche-gauche (GGG) conformation of disulfide (-SS-) groups (while CYS did not react with the trans-gauche-trans (TGT) conformation). In particular, not only the GGG content, but also the cysteic acid content existing throughout the cortex region of the excessively bleached human hair remarkably decreased by performing the oxidation process after reduction. On the other hand, the GGG content of the excessively bleached black human hair increased, while the TGT content decreased by performing the oxidation process after reduction and then HEWP treatment processes. From these experiments, the authors concluded that some of the keratin associated protein (KAP), which has a rich -SS- content and cysteic acid content was eluted from the cortex region along with the disconnection of -SS- groups, thereby leading to the remarkable reduction in the reconnection of -SS- groups of the excessively bleached black human hair after the permanent waving process (the reduction and oxidation processes). Also, the authors concluded that the HEWP treatment process in the permanent waving process caused the reconstruction of the KAP, thereby contributing to the acceleration of the reconnection of -SS- groups during the oxidation process.

Repeat immigration: A previously unobserved source of heterogeneity?

PubMed

Aradhya, Siddartha; Scott, Kirk; Smith, Christopher D

2017-07-01

Register data allow for nuanced analyses of heterogeneities between sub-groups which are not observable in other data sources. One heterogeneity for which register data is particularly useful is in identifying unique migration histories of immigrant populations, a group of interest across disciplines. Years since migration is a commonly used measure of integration in studies seeking to understand the outcomes of immigrants. This study constructs detailed migration histories to test whether misclassified migrations may mask important heterogeneities. In doing so, we identify a previously understudied group of migrants called repeat immigrants, and show that they differ systematically from permanent immigrants. In addition, we quantify the degree to which migration information is misreported in the registers. The analysis is carried out in two steps. First, we estimate income trajectories for repeat immigrants and permanent immigrants to understand the degree to which they differ. Second, we test data validity by cross-referencing migration information with changes in income to determine whether there are inconsistencies indicating misreporting. From the first part of the analysis, the results indicate that repeat immigrants systematically differ from permanent immigrants in terms of income trajectories. Furthermore, income trajectories differ based on the way in which years since migration is calculated. The second part of the analysis suggests that misreported migration events, while present, are negligible. Repeat immigrants differ in terms of income trajectories, and may differ in terms of other outcomes as well. Furthermore, this study underlines that Swedish registers provide a reliable data source to analyze groups which are unidentifiable in other data sources.

Illicit Internet availability of drugs subject to recall and patient safety consequences.

PubMed

Mackey, Tim K; Aung, Phyo; Liang, Bryan A

2015-12-01

Permanently recalled drugs are a public health concern if they remain accessible in violation of applicable regulation. Illicit online pharmacies act as an alternative form of access and have been associated with the sale to patients of counterfeit/falsified/fraudulent/substandard drugs. We wished to determine if permanently recalled and significantly restricted drugs were illegally marketed for sale online. The study was conducted in two phases with two objectives. The first phase attempted to identify drugs subject to permanent recall in certain major pharmaceutical markets as well as those listed as recalled or significantly restricted by the United Nations. We also examined the market authorization status of identified drugs in China and India. The second phase used structured searches on the Internet to determine if identified drugs were marketed for sale online. The World Wide Web. After identification of permanently recalled and restricted drugs we conducted Internet searches for illegal "no prescription" marketing events. We assessed the form of marketing, whether a site offered direct-to-patient sale, use of social media marketing, and the site's compliance status with external monitoring bodies. Number of recalled drugs marketed as available for purchase on the Internet. We identified 16 class I equivalent permanently recalled or restricted drugs, 56.3 % (n = 9) of which maintained market authorization in either China or India. Half (n = 8) were marketed for sale online without a prescription direct-to-patient. Use of social media marketing was mixed, with only 18.8 % (n = 3) of recalled drugs having a presence on Facebook, though 50.0 % (n = 8) had content on Twitter. We also found the majority (68.8 %, n = 11) were available and marketed for sale by vendors on the wholesale/business-to-business website alibaba.com primarily as active pharmaceutical ingredient. Despite efforts in several countries to restrict access to these drugs or permanently remove them from the market, our study indicates that various sources actively market recalled drugs for sale online. Drug regulators, public health agencies, and law enforcement officials should act with urgency to appropriately restrict and regulate these sales to protect global patients and consumers.

Total thyroidectomy with ultrasonic dissector for cancer: multicentric experience

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background We conducted an observational multicentric clinical study on a cohort of patients undergoing thyroidectomy for thyroid carcinoma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of the use of ultrasonic dissector (UAS) vs. the use of a conventional technique (vessel clamp and tie) in patients undergoing thyroid surgery for cancer. Methods From June 2009 to May 2010 we evaluated 321 consecutive patients electively admitted to undergo total thyroidectomy for thyroid carcinoma. The first 201 patients (89 males, 112 females) presenting to our Department underwent thyroidectomy with the use of UAS while the following 120 patients (54 males, 66 females) underwent thyroidectomy performed with a conventional technique (CT): vessel clamp and tie. Results The operative time (mean: 75 min in UAS vs. 113 min in CT, range: 54 to 120 min in UAS vs. 68 to 173 min in CT) was much shorter in the group of thyroidectomies performed with UAS. The incidence of transient laryngeal nerve palsy (UAS 3/201 patients (1.49%); CT 1/120 patients (0.83%)) was higher in the group of UAS; the incidence of permanent laryngeal nerve palsy was similar in the two groups (UAS 2/201 patients (0.99%) vs. CT 2/120 patients (1.66%)). The incidence of transient hypocalcaemia (UAS 17/201 patients (8.4%) vs. CT 9/120 patients (7.5%)) was higher in the UAS group; no relevant differences were reported in the incidence of permanent hypocalcaemia in the two groups (UAS 5/201 patients (2.48%) vs. 2/120 patients (1.66%)). Also the average postoperative length of stay was similar in two groups (2 days). Conclusion The only significant advantage proved by this study is represented by the cost-effectiveness (reduction of the usage of operating room) for patients treated with UAS, secondary to the significant reduction of the operative time. The analysis failed to show any advantages in terms of postoperative transient complications in the group of patients treated with ultrasonic dissector: transient laryngeal nerve palsy (1.49% in UAS vs. 0.83% in CT) and transient hypocalcaemia (8.4% in UAS vs. 7.5%in CT). No significant differences in the incidence of permanent laryngeal nerve palsy (0.8% in UAS vs. 1.04% in CT) and permanent hypocalcaemia (2.6% in UAS vs. 2.04% in CT) were demonstrated. The level of surgeons’ expertise is a central factor, which can influence the complications rate; the use of UAS can only help surgical action but cannot replace the experience of the operator. PMID:22540914

Use of Retrievable Compared to Permanent Inferior Vena Cava Filters: A Single-Institution Experience

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ha, Thuong G. Van; Chien, Andy S.; Funaki, Brian S.

The purpose of this study was to review the use, safety, and efficacy of retrievable inferior vena cava (IVC) filters in their first 5 years of availability at our institution. Comparison was made with permanent filters placed in the same period. A retrospective review of IVC filter implantations was performed from September, 1999, to September, 2004, in our department. These included both retrievable and permanent filters. The Recovery nitinol and Guenther tulip filters were used as retrievable filters. The frequency of retrievable filter used was calculated. Clinical data and technical data related to filter placement were reviewed. Outcomes, including pulmonarymore » embolism, complications associated with placement, retrieval, or indwelling, were calculated. During the study period, 604 IVC filters were placed. Of these, 97 retrievable filters (16%) were placed in 96 patients. There were 53 Recovery filter and 44 Tulip filter insertions. Subjects were 59 women and 37 men; the mean age was 52 years, with a range of from 18 to 97 years. The placement of retrievable filters increased from 2% in year 1 to 32% in year 5 of the study period. The total implantation time for the permanent group was 145,450 days, with an average of 288 days (range, 33-1811 days). For the retrievable group, the total implantation time was 21,671 days, with an average of 226 days (range, 2-1217 days). Of 29 patients who returned for filter retrieval, the filter was successfully removed in 28. There were 14 of 14 successful Tulip filter retrievals and 14 of 15 successful Recovery filter retrievals. In one patient, after an indwelling period of 39 days, a Recovery nitinol filter could not be removed secondary to a large clot burden within the filter. For the filters that were removed, the mean dwell time was 50 days for the Tulip type and 20 days for the Recovery type. Over the follow-up period there was an overall PE incidence of 1.4% for the permanent group and 1% for the retrieval group. In conclusion, there was an increase in the use of retrievable filters over the study period and an overall increase in the total number of filters implanted. The increased use of these filters appeared to be due to expanded indications predicated by their retrievability. Placement and retrieval of these filters have a low risk of complications, and retrievable filters appeared effective, as there was low rate of clinically significant pulmonary embolism associated with these filters during their indwelling time.« less

Comparison between Fluoride and Nano-hydroxyapatite in Remineralizing Initial Enamel Lesion: An in vitro Study.

PubMed

Daas, Issa; Badr, Sherine; Osman, Essam

2018-03-01

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HAP) paste and fluoride varnish in remineralizing initial enamel lesion in young permanent teeth and their ability to resist secondary caries under dynamic pH cycling quantitatively and qualitatively. Initial caries-like lesions were artificially developed on 45 specimens. Specimens were divided into three groups: (1) Control (without treatment), (2) fluoride varnish (3M ESPE), and (3) nano-HAP paste (Desensibilize Nano P). The nano-HAP paste was applied twice separated by one pH cycle, and the varnish was applied only once followed by 7 days of pH cycling. All specimens were examined using DIAGNOdent® pen (KaVo, Germany), and a representative specimen was randomly selected from each group for qualitative evaluation using scanning electron microscope (SEM) at four stages: Baseline, after lesion formation, immediately after remineralization, and after pH cycling. Data were statistically analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 20. The degree of demineralization was significantly elevated in control group; however, no significant difference was found between fluoride varnish group and nano-HAP paste group (p < 0.001). Nano-HAP paste showed promising long-term protective effect in terms of surface depositions and maintaining a smooth surface compared with fluoride varnish. Based on the findings of this study, nano-HAP paste might be recommended as alternative remineralizing agent with lower fluoride concentration than fluoride varnish that could be beneficial for children, pregnant females, and those who are at high risk of dental fluorosis.

Inverse Association Between Basilar Artery Volume and Neuron Density in the Stellate Ganglion Following Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Ligation: An Experimental Study.

PubMed

Yilmaz, Ilhan; Eseoglu, Metehan; Onen, Mehmet Resid; Tanrıverdi, Osman; Kilic, Mustafa; Yilmaz, Adem; Musluman, Ahmet Murat; Aydin, Mehmet Dumlu; Gündogdu, Cemal

2017-04-01

This study examined the relationship between neuron density in the stellate ganglion and the severity of basilar artery (BA) enlargement after bilateral common carotid artery ligation. Rabbits (n = 24) were randomly divided into 3 groups: unoperated control group (n = 4), experimental group subjected to bilateral common carotid artery ligation (n = 15), and sham-operated control group (n = 5). Histologic examination of the BAs and stellate ganglia was performed 2 months later. Permanent bilateral common carotid artery ligation was induced by ligation of common carotid arteries at prebifurcation levels as a model for steno-occlusive carotid artery disease. Mean BA volume and neuron density in stellate ganglia for all animals were 4200 μm 3 ± 240 and 8325 μm 3 ± 210. In sham-operated animals, the mean values were 4360 μm 3 ± 340 and 8250 mm 3 ± 250. For the experimental group, mean volume and density in animals with slight dilatation of the BA (n = 6) were 4948 μm 3 ± 680 and 10,321 mm 3 ± 120, whereas in animals with severe dilatation (n = 9), the values were 6728 μm 3 ± 440 and 6300 mm 3 ± 730. An inverse association was observed between degree of BA enlargement and stellate ganglia neuronal density. High neuron density in stellate ganglia may protect against steno-occlusive carotid artery disease by preventing BA dilatation and aneurysm formation in the posterior circulatory arteries. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

American Canyon Sanitary Landfill Operation Regulatory Permit Application, Napa County, California, Public Notice 9297-29R.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-03-01

control and containment levees on land located along the east bank of the Napa River in southern Napa County, California. 2. In response to the National...approximately 60 acres with construction of flood protection and containment levees around these areas. The estimated refuse and earthwork volumes are...of flood control and containment levees) of restorable wetland being permanently converted to upland. f. provide nuisance factors associated with

Survey and Testing of Archaeological Resources at Clinton Lake, Kansas, 1978-1979.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-08-01

Lake area. Some sites appear to be special purpose camps, while others may be more permanently or regularly occupied base camps or villages. The...96 Plate 15. Clovis-like Point Base from 14D0137. ........ 101 Plate 16. Core from Site 14D0140................110 Plate 17...that effort required for testing and evaluation should be based on some measurable parameter in order to protect both parties. A volumetric measure of

EVA 4 activity on Flight Day 7 to service the Hubble Space Telescope

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-02-17

S82-E-5652 (17 Feb. 1997) --- Astronaut Gregory J. Harbaugh (solid stripe on EMU) uses Remote Manipulator System (RMS) as a cherry-picker device to service Hubble Space Telescope (HST). In cooperation with astronaut Joseph R. Tanner, nearby, the mission specialist was in the process of replacing the HST's Magnetic Sensing System (MSS) protective caps with new, permanent covers. This view was taken with an Electronic Still Camera (ESC).

Long-term understory vegetation dynamics and responses to ungulate exclusion in the dry forest of Mona Island

Treesearch

J. Rojas-Sandoval; E.J. Melendez-Ackerman; J. Fumero-Caban; M. Garcia-Bermudez; J. Sustache; S. Aragon; M. Morales-Vargas; G. Olivieri; D.S. Fernandez

2016-01-01

Mona Island protects one of the most important remnants of Caribbean dry forests and hosts a high diversity of rare and endangered plant and animal species. Feral ungulates (goats and pigs) were introduced to the island ~500 y ago, and their populations may be threatening the conservation of Mona Island’s native biodiversity. In this study, we used permanent fenced and...

Ocean Thermal Conversion (OTEC) Project Bottom Cable Protection Study: Environmental Characteristics and Hazards Analysis,

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-10-01

Chesaneake Division, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Washington, DC) 34. "Strait of Belle Isle Crossing HVDC Transmission - Submarine Cable...phenomena; such as wind storm generated wave action, bottom currents, bottom mudslides, or seismic activity; as well as human activity, such as...engaging a cable. Ship anchors are used to develop holding power on the seafloor for mooring a floating body permanently or temporary on site. The major

The in vitro effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy on dental microcosm biofilms from partially erupted permanent molars: A pilot study.

PubMed

de Oliveira, Fabiana Sodré; Cruvinel, Thiago; Cusicanqui Méndez, Daniela Alejandra; Dionísio, Evandro José; Rios, Daniela; Machado, Maria Aparecida Andrade Moreira

2018-03-01

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) could enhance the prevention of dental caries lesions in pits and fissures of partially erupted molars, by killing microorganisms from complex dental biofilms. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the effect of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) on the viability of specific microorganism groups of dental microcosm biofilms from occlusal surfaces of first permanent molars in eruption. Dental microcosm biofilms grown on bovine enamel blocks, from dental plaque collected on occlusal surfaces of a partially erupted lower right first permanent molar, with McBain medium plus 1% sucrose in anaerobic condition at 37 °C for 72 h. The experiments were performed in eight groups: L-P- = no treatment (control), L18.75P- = 18.75 J/cm 2 LED, L37.5P- = 37.5 J/cm 2 LED, L75P- = 75 J/cm 2 LED, L-P+ = 200 mM TBO, L18.75P+ = 200 mM TBO + 18.75 J/cm 2 LED, L37.5P+ = 200 mM TBO + 37.5 J/cm 2 LED, and L75P+ = 200 mM TBO + 75 J/cm 2 LED. The counts of total microorganisms, total streptococci and mutans streptococci were determined on selective media agar plates by colony-forming units per mL. The log-transformed counts were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc Dunn's test (P < 0.05). The counts of all microorganisms treated in the group L75P+ were statistically lower than those treated in L-P-. The aPDT promoted a significant reduction of microorganisms, with a trend of dose-dependent effect. TBO-mediated aPDT was effective in reducing the viability of specific microbial groups in dental microcosm biofilms originated from occlusal of permanent molars in eruption. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Oral health status of children with special health care needs receiving dental treatment under general anesthesia at the dental clinic of Taipei Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan.

PubMed

Chen, Chia-Yu; Chen, Ya-Wei; Tsai, Tzong-Ping; Shih, Wen-Yu

2014-04-01

Oral health is crucial to individual growth and development. However, oral health care is often overlooked in children with special health care needs (CSHCN). We investigated current oral health status and unmet dental needs of CSHCN in Taiwan. We performed a retrospective study of consecutive CSHCN cases receiving first-time comprehensive dental treatment under general anesthesia at Taipei Veterans General hospital from 2001 to 2010. We retrieved clinical data including age, sex, types, and severity of disability, caries experience index [decayed, extracted, and filled teeth (deft) index for primary dentition/decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index for permanent dentition], malocclusion, and treatment modalities from medical charts for analysis. The correlation between different groups of CSHCN regarding the deft/DMFT indices and treatment modalities was analyzed statistically. Our study included 96 children, ranging in age from 2.4 years to 14.3 years (mean age 6.8 ± 3.3 years). The deft/DMFT index was significantly higher in the younger age group (2-6 years; 13.8 ± 4.3) compared with the older group (> 6 years; 10.5 ± 5.3; p < 0.001). The mean number of total treated teeth was 14.2 ± 3.8, and no differences existed among disability groups (p = 0.528) and age groups (p = 0.992). For the treatment modality, the number of pulp therapies with crown restoration was higher in the younger age group than in the older group. At the time of the study, 53 CSHCN had reached their full permanent dentition. We observed significantly more malocclusion of full permanent dentition in the older age group (91%) than in the younger group (35%; p < 0.001). Unmet dental needs and caries experience indices remain high in CSHCN, regardless of the types and severity of disability. However, the younger the age at which CSHCN received their first dental treatment, the more effective the dental rehabilitation was. Parental education regarding early dental intervention and a preventive approach for enhanced oral care is mandatory. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Importance of in situ preservation of parathyroid glands during total thyroidectomy.

PubMed

Lorente-Poch, L; Sancho, J J; Ruiz, S; Sitges-Serra, A

2015-03-01

Parathyroid failure is the most common complication after total thyroidectomy but factors involved are not completely understood. Accidental parathyroidectomy and parathyroid autotransplantation resulting in fewer than four parathyroid glands remaining in situ, and intensity of medical treatment of postoperative hypocalcaemia may have relevant roles. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the number of parathyroid glands remaining in situ and parathyroid failure after total thyroidectomy. Consecutive patients undergoing first-time total thyroidectomy were studied prospectively, recording the number of Parathyroid Glands Remaining In Situ (PGRIS = 4 - (glands autografted + glands in the specimen)) and the occurrence of postoperative hypocalcaemia, and protracted and permanent hypoparathyroidism. Demographic, disease-related, laboratory and surgical variables were recorded. Patients were classified according to the PGRIS number into group 1-2 (one or two PGRIS), group 3 (three PGRIS) and group 4 (all four glands remaining in situ), and were followed for at least 1 year. A total of 657 patients were included, 43 in PGRIS group 1-2, 186 in group 3 and 428 in group 4. The prevalence of hypocalcaemia, and of protracted and permanent hypoparathyroidism was inversely related to the PGRIS score (group 1-2: 74, 44 and 16 per cent respectively; group 3: 51·1, 24·7 and 6·5 per cent; group 4: 35·3, 13·1 and 2·6 per cent; P < 0·001). Intact parathyroid hormone concentrations at 24 h and 1 month were inversely correlated with PGRIS score (P < 0·001). Logistic regression identified PGRIS score as the most powerful variable influencing acute and chronic parathyroid failure. In addition, a normal-high serum calcium concentration 1 month after thyroidectomy influenced positively the recovery rate from protracted hypoparathyroidism in all PGRIS categories. In situ parathyroid preservation is critical in preventing permanent hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy. Active medical treatment of postoperative hypocalcaemia has a positive synergistic effect. © 2015 BJS Society Ltd Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Caries prevalence and manganese and iron levels of drinking water in school children living in a rural/semi-urban region of North-Eastern Greece.

PubMed

Tsanidou, Eirini; Nena, Evangelia; Rossos, Alexandros; Lendengolts, Zhanna; Nikolaidis, Christos; Tselebonis, Athanasios; Constantinidis, Theodoros C

2015-11-01

The aim of this study was to correlate different combinations of manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) concentration in drinking water with prevalence of dental caries in both primary and permanent dentition, among school children with similar socio-demographic characteristics. Evros region, in North-Eastern Greece, was divided into four areas, according to combinations of levels of Mn and Fe in drinking water (High Mn-high Fe; High Mn-low Fe; Low Mn-high Fe; Low Mn-low Fe). Children of similar socio-economic background, attending either first or sixth grade (primary or permanent dentition, respectively) of elementary schools, were clinically assessed for caries by three dentists. Caries was defined by the use of dmft/DMFT index. A questionnaire answered by the parents was also analysed. 573 children were included. Caries prevalence was high in both age groups (64.2 % with mean dmft 3.3 ± 3.6 in primary and 60.7 % with mean DMFT 2.3 ± 2.5 in permanent dentition, respectively). Residence in a high Mn-low Fe area was associated with a significant OR for caries in both age groups [OR (95 % CIs) for primary and permanent dentition was, respectively, 3.75 (1.68-8.37), p = 0.001 and 3.09 (1.48-6.44), p = 0.003], independently of factors like sugar consumption or brushing frequency. Prevalence of caries was high in general, and was associated with the combination of high Mn/low Fe levels in drinking water, independently of various socio-demographic factors.

Assessment of skeletal maturation with permanent mandibular second molar calcification stages among a group of Nepalese orthodontic patients.

PubMed

Giri, Jamal; Shrestha, Basanta Kumar; Yadav, Rajiv; Ghimire, Tika Ram

2016-01-01

Assessment of growth status of a patient is a key component in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning for growing patients with skeletal discrepancy. Skeletal maturation based on hand-wrist radiograph and cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) are commonly used methods of growth assessment. Studies have shown that stages of dental calcification can also be used to assess skeletal maturation status of an individual, whereas other studies have suggested that the relationship between dental calcification and skeletal maturation should be interpreted with caution owing to racial variation. To evaluate the relationship between permanent mandibular second molar calcification stages and skeletal maturity assessed by CVM among a group of Nepalese orthodontic patients. One hundred and sixty-eight digital radiographs (84 orthopantomograms and 84 lateral cephalograms) were obtained from the records of 84 patients who sought orthodontic treatment in Orthodontic and Dentofacial Orthopaedic Unit, Department of Dentistry, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu. Two parameters were used in this study, namely, CVM stages from lateral cephalogram and Demirjian index (DI) stages from orthopantomogram. The evaluation of digital radiographs was carried out on a computer screen with a resolution of 1,280×800 pixels. The association between DI stages of permanent mandibular second molar and CVM stages was assessed. A statistically significant association was found between DI and CVM stages for both male and female subjects with Pearson's contingency coefficient value of 0.751 and 0.766 for male and female subjects, respectively. Skeletal maturation can be reliably assessed with dental calcification stages of permanent mandibular second molar for Nepalese orthodontic patients.

Determinants of permanent first incisor eruption in grazing Australian Angora goats.

PubMed

McGregor, B A; Butler, K L

2011-12-01

To investigate the effects of live weight, sex and other factors on deciduous (first incisor) loss and permanent first incisor development in Angora goats. Goats were part of a pen study on the effects of energy intake in Angora does during pregnancy and lactation on kid growth and development. The design was three levels of nutrition in mid-pregnancy × two levels of postnatal nutrition in 17 randomised blocks. Conception times were calculated by using artificial insemination, with ultrasound examination 43 days after insemination. Does were fed different amounts of a formulated diet in their pens. After weaning, goats were grazed in sex groups. Deciduous first incisor loss and permanent first incisor development were recorded at 11 time points from 14 to 20 months of age. For each sex, the time for visible eruption and full development of permanent first incisor declined linearly with increased live weight by 5.9 and 5.4 days/kg live weight, respectively. The time to reach similar development stages for first permanent incisors eruption was 3 months longer for the lightest animals compared with the heaviest animals. Date of birth, birth weight, doe age, growth rates, mid-pregnancy and postnatal nutrition, parity, day of weaning and weaning weight had no detectable effect. The results explain much of the substantial range in reported first permanent incisor eruption dates for small ruminants and have application in ageing of goats, marketing of kids for meat, in the selection of animals for breeding flocks and in educational material. © 2011 The Authors. Australian Veterinary Journal © 2011 Australian Veterinary Association.

Cardioprotective Signature of Short-Term Caloric Restriction

PubMed Central

Isserlin, Ruth; Arab, Sara; Momen, Abdul; Cheng, Henry S.; Wu, Jun; Afroze, Talat; Li, Ren-Ke; Fish, Jason E.; Bader, Gary D.; Husain, Mansoor

2015-01-01

Objective To understand the molecular pathways underlying the cardiac preconditioning effect of short-term caloric restriction (CR). Background Lifelong CR has been suggested to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease through a variety of mechanisms. However, prolonged adherence to a CR life-style is difficult. Here we reveal the pathways that are modulated by short-term CR, which are associated with protection of the mouse heart from ischemia. Methods Male 10-12 wk old C57bl/6 mice were randomly assigned to an ad libitum (AL) diet with free access to regular chow, or CR, receiving 30% less food for 7 days (d), prior to myocardial infarction (MI) via permanent coronary ligation. At d8, the left ventricles (LV) of AL and CR mice were collected for Western blot, mRNA and microRNA (miR) analyses to identify cardioprotective gene expression signatures. In separate groups, infarct size, cardiac hemodynamics and protein abundance of caspase 3 was measured at d2 post-MI. Results This short-term model of CR was associated with cardio-protection, as evidenced by decreased infarct size (18.5±2.4% vs. 26.6±1.7%, N=10/group; P=0.01). mRNA and miR profiles pre-MI (N=5/group) identified genes modulated by short-term CR to be associated with circadian clock, oxidative stress, immune function, apoptosis, metabolism, angiogenesis, cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix (ECM). Western blots pre-MI revealed CR-associated increases in phosphorylated Akt and GSK3ß, reduced levels of phosphorylated AMPK and mitochondrial related proteins PGC-1α, cytochrome C and cyclooxygenase (COX) IV, with no differences in the levels of phosphorylated eNOS or MAPK (ERK1/2; p38). CR regimen was also associated with reduced protein abundance of cleaved caspase 3 in the infarcted heart and improved cardiac function. PMID:26098549

Pregnancy desire and dual method contraceptive use among people living with HIV attending clinical care in Kenya, Namibia and Tanzania.

PubMed

Antelman, Gretchen; Medley, Amy; Mbatia, Redempta; Pals, Sherri; Arthur, Gilly; Haberlen, Sabina; Ackers, Marta; Elul, Batya; Parent, Julie; Rwebembera, Anath; Wanjiku, Lucy; Muraguri, Nicholas; Gweshe, Justice; Mudhune, Sandra; Bachanas, Pamela

2015-01-01

To describe factors associated with pregnancy desire and dual method use among people living with HIV in clinical care in sub-Saharan Africa. Sexually active HIV-positive adults were enrolled in 18 HIV clinics in Kenya, Namibia and Tanzania. Demographic, clinical and reproductive health data were captured by interview and medical record abstraction. Correlates of desiring a pregnancy within the next 6 months, and dual method use [defined as consistent condom use together with a highly effective method of contraception (hormonal, intrauterine device (IUD), permanent)], among those not desiring pregnancy, were identified using logistic regression. Among 3375 participants (median age 37 years, 42% male, 64% on antiretroviral treatment), 565 (17%) desired a pregnancy within the next 6 months. Of those with no short-term fertility desire (n=2542), 686 (27%) reported dual method use, 250 (10%) highly effective contraceptive use only, 1332 (52%) condom use only, and 274 (11%) no protection. Respondents were more likely to desire a pregnancy if they were from Namibia and Tanzania, male, had a primary education, were married/cohabitating, and had fewer children. Factors associated with increased likelihood of dual method use included being female, being comfortable asking a partner to use a condom, and communication with a health care provider about family planning. Participants who perceived that their partner wanted a pregnancy were less likely to report dual method use. There was low dual method use and low use of highly effective contraception. Contraceptive protection was predominantly through condom-only use. These findings demonstrate the importance of integrating reproductive health services into routine HIV care. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

PCCEServer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Perry, Marcia; Agarwal, Deb

2003-03-17

The PCCEServer application is a server that should be used in conjunction with the LBNLSecureMessaging user interface to enable secure synchronous and asynchronous messaging. It provides authentication and authorization services for members of a collaboration group via PKI/SSL and maintains an access control list. Members of collaboration groups using the LBNLSecureMessaging client must register identifying information. including usemame and password and an optional X.509 certificate, with the PCCEServer. This registration not only restricts access to instant messaging, but augments the LBNLSecureMessaging's IRC-based chat facility with persistence. Users register permanent unique user ids by which they are knowTl to other usersmore » in the system and create permanent venues intended for group conversations on a tong-term or continuous basis. In addition, the PCCEServer enhances instant messaging with presence and awareness information such as user availability, and it allows users to leave notes asynchronously for other users who are online or offline. Written in Java, it is a standalone application that can run on any platform that supports a Java Virtual Machine.« less

Biologically based treatment of immature permanent teeth with pulpal necrosis: a case series.

PubMed

Jung, Il-Young; Lee, Seung-Jong; Hargreaves, Kenneth M

2012-06-01

This case series reports the outcomes of 8 patients (ages 9-4 years) who presented with 9 immature permanent teeth with pulpal necrosis and apical periodontitis. During treatment, 5 of the teeth were found to have at least some residual vital tissue remaining in the root canal systems. After NaOCI irrigation and medication with ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and minocycline, these teeth were sealed with mineral trioxide aggregate and restored. The other group of 4 teeth had no evidence of any residual vital pulp tissue. This second group of teeth was treated with NaOCl irrigation and medicated with ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, and minocycline followed by a revascularization procedure adopted from the trauma literature (bleeding evoked to form an intracanal blood clot). In both groups of patients, there was evidence of satisfactory postoperative clinical outcomes (1-5 years); the patients were asymptomatic, no sinus tracts were evident, apical periodontitis was resolved, and there was radiographic evidence of continuing thickness of dentinal walls, apical closure, or increased root length.

Protection of horses against Culicoides biting midges in different housing systems in Switzerland.

PubMed

Lincoln, V J; Page, P C; Kopp, C; Mathis, A; von Niederhäusern, R; Burger, D; Herholz, C

2015-06-15

Species belonging to the Culicoides complexes (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae), obsoletus and pulicaris, in Switzerland, are potential vectors of both bluetongue virus (BTV) and African horse sickness virus (AHSV). The epidemic of BTV in 2006 and 2007 in Europe has highlighted the risk of introduction and spread of vector-borne diseases in previously non-endemic areas. As a measure of prevention, as part of an integrated control programme in the event of an outbreak of African horse sickness (AHS), it is of utmost importance to prevent, or substantially reduce, contact between horses and Culicoides. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of three protection systems, net, fan, repellent, or combinations thereof, with regard to their potential to reduce contact between horses and Culicoides. Three different equine housing systems, including individual boxes (BX), group housing systems (GR), and individual boxes with permanently accessible paddock (BP) were used. The efficacy of the protection systems were evaluated by comparing the total number counts of collected female Culicoides, of non-blood-fed and blood-fed Culicoides, respectively, with UV black light traps. The study was conducted over 3 summer months during 2012 and 2013 each and focused on the efficacy and practicality of the protection systems. The repellent was tested in 2012 only and not further investigated in 2013, as it showed no significant effect in reducing Culicoides collected in the light traps. Net protection system provided the best overall protection for the total number of female Culicoides, non-blood-fed and blood-fed Culicoides in all tested housing systems. The net, with a pore size of 0.1825 mm(2), reduced the total number of Culicoides collected in the housing systems BP, GR and BX by 98%, 85% and 67%, respectively. However, in the GR housing system, no significant difference between the effectiveness of the fan and the net were determined for any of the three Culicoides categories. The results of the present study demonstrated that horse owners can substantially reduce their horses' exposure to Culicoides, by using net protection in the housing systems BX, BP and GR. In GR housing systems, protection against Culicoides using a fan is also recommended. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Sports related ocular injuries

PubMed Central

Mishra, Avinash; Verma, Ashok K.

2012-01-01

Every year > 600,000 sports and recreation related eye injuries occur, out of which roughly 13,500 of these result in permanent loss of sight. Up to 90% of these sports related eye injuries are preventable by using adequate eye protection equipment. Protective eyewear is made of polycarbonate, a highly impact-resistant plastic which is now easily available as prescription and non-prescription eyewear and all players should be encouraged to use them. The medical officers by educating their patients regarding the risks of eye injuries in various sports and the confirmed benefits of using protective equipment have the potential to prevent injury to over thousands of eyes every year. The medical fraternity can also play a very important role in educating the coaches, parents, and children and thus put an end to unnecessary blindness and vision loss from sports related ocular injuries, therefore ensuring a lifetime of healthy vision. PMID:24532883

Are Multidimensional Pain Inventory Coping Strategy Profiles Associated with Long-Term Spinal Cord Stimulation Effectiveness?

PubMed

Paroli, Mery; Bernini, Olivia; De Carolis, Giuliano; Tollapi, Lara; Bondi, Franca; Martini, Antonella; Dario, Alessandro; Paolicchi, Adriana

2018-05-01

It is acknowledged that the way patients cope with pain may influence treatment outcome. In particular, psychological factors are deemed important when considering patients for suitability for spinal cord stimulation (SCS). The aim of the study is to observe how pre-implantation psychological characteristics impact the effectiveness of SCS for chronic pain. The analysis comprised data from 137 patients who underwent an SCS implant. Screening evaluation included a coping strategies profile (Multidimensional Pain Inventory) and psychiatric disorders (Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview). Based on SCS implant outcome collected during follow-up visits, patients were divided into three groups: subjects with long-term pain relief (long-term group), subjects who failed the SCS treatment and decided to explant trial device (trial explanter group [TE]), and those who chose a permanent device (permanent explanter group [PE]). Results showed that most of the patients who failed with the SCS (TE and PE groups) demonstrated a dysfunctional coping profile and showed a higher presence of psychiatric disorders, which significantly influenced the experience and perception of pain. The findings of this study support the value of a multidisciplinary screening. Addressing psychological issues before SCS implantation can reduce the failure rate of SCS.

Antibiotic prophylaxis in permanent pacemaker implantation: a prospective randomised trial.

PubMed Central

Mounsey, J P; Griffith, M J; Tynan, M; Gould, F K; MacDermott, A F; Gold, R G; Bexton, R S

1994-01-01

BACKGROUND--Pacemaker pocket infection is a potentially serious problem after permanent pacemaker implantation. Antibiotic prophylaxis is commonly prescribed to reduce the incidence of this complication, but current trial evidence of its efficacy is conflicting. A large prospective randomised trial was therefore performed of antibiotic prophylaxis in permanent pacemaker implantation. The intention was firstly to determine whether antibiotic prophylaxis is efficacious in these patients and secondly to identify which patients are at the highest risk of infection. METHODS--A prospective randomised open trial of flucloxacillin (clindamycin if the patient was allergic to penicillin) v no antibiotic was performed in a cohort of patients undergoing first implantation of a permanent pacing system over a 17 month period. Intravenous antibiotics were started at the time of implantation and continued for 48 hours. The trial endpoint was a repeat operation for an infective complication. RESULTS--473 patients were entered into a randomised trial. 224 received antibiotic prophylaxis and 249 received no antibiotics. A further 183 patients were not randomised but were treated according to the operator's preference (64 antibiotics, 119 no antibiotics); these patients are included only in the analysis of predictors of infection. Patients were followed up for a mean (SD) of 19(5) months. Among the patients in the randomised group there were nine infections requiring a repeat operation, all in the group not receiving antibiotic (P = 0.003). In the total patient cohort there were 13 infections, all but one in the non-antibiotic group (P = 0.006). Nine of the infections presented as erosion of the pulse generator or electrode, three as septicaemia secondary to Staphylococcus aureus, and one as a pocket abscess secondary to Staphylococcus epidermidis. Infections were significantly more common when the operator was inexperienced (< or = 100 previous patients), the operation was prolonged, or after a repeat operation for non-infective complications (principally lead displacement). Infection was not significantly more common in patients identified preoperatively as being at high risk (for example patients with diabetes mellitus, patients receiving long term steroid treatment), although there was a trend in this direction. CONCLUSIONS--Antibiotic prophylaxis significantly reduced the incidence of infective complications requiring a repeat operation after permanent pacemaker implantation. It is suggested that antibiotics should be used routinely. PMID:7833191

Importance of rate control or rate regulation for improving exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation and normal left ventricular function: a randomised controlled study

PubMed Central

Levy, T; Walker, S; Mason, M; Spurrell, P; Rex, S; Brant, S; Paul, V

2001-01-01

OBJECTIVE—To determine the importance of rhythm regulation or rate control in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation (AF) and normal left ventricular function.
PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS—Thirty six patients with a mixed fast and slow ventricular response rate to their AF were randomised to either His bundle ablation (HBA) and VVIR pacemaker (HBA group) or VVI pacemaker and atrioventricular modifying drugs (Med group). Outcomes assessed at one, three, six, and 12 months included exercise duration and quality of life.
RESULTS—Exercise duration significantly improved from baseline in both groups. There was no difference in outcome between the groups (Med +40% v HBA +20%, p = NS). The heart rate profile on exercise was similarly slowed in both groups compared to baseline. Quality of life significantly improved in both treatment arms for the modified Karolinska questionnaire (KQ) (Med +50% v HBA +50%, p = NS) and the Nottingham health profile (NHP) (Med +40% v HBA +20%, p = NS). However, for the individual symptom scores of each questionnaire more were improved in the Med group (KQ-Med 6 improved v HBA 4, NHP-Med 3 v HBA 1). Left ventricular function was equally preserved by both treatments during follow up.
CONCLUSION—In these patients control of ventricular response rate with either HBA + VVIR pacemaker or atrioventricular modifying drugs + VVI pacemaker will lead to a significant improvement in exercise duration and quality of life. Rhythm regulation by HBA did not confer additional benefit, suggesting rate control alone is necessary for the successful symptomatic treatment of these patients in permanent AF.


Keywords: ablation; atrial fibrillation; pacemaker; atrioventricular modifying drugs PMID:11156667

The effectiveness of xylitol in a school-based cluster-randomized clinical trial.

PubMed

Lee, Wonik; Spiekerman, Charles; Heima, Masahiro; Eggertsson, Hafsteinn; Ferretti, Gerald; Milgrom, Peter; Nelson, Suchitra

2015-01-01

The purpose of this double-blind, cluster-randomized clinical trial was to examine the effects of xylitol gummy bear snacks on dental caries progression in primary and permanent teeth of inner-city school children. A total of 562 children aged 5-6 years were recruited from five elementary schools in East Cleveland, Ohio. Children were randomized by classroom to receive xylitol (7.8 g/day) or placebo (inulin fiber 20 g/day) gummy bears. Gummy bears were given three times per day for the 9-month kindergarten year within a supervised school environment. Children in both groups also received oral health education, toothbrush and fluoridated toothpaste, topical fluoride varnish treatment and dental sealants. The numbers of new decayed, missing, and filled surfaces for primary teeth (dmfs) and permanent teeth (DMFS) from baseline to the middle of 2nd grade (exit exam) were compared between the treatment (xylitol/placebo) groups using an optimally-weighted permutation test for cluster-randomized data. The mean new d(3-6)mfs at the exit exam was 5.0 ± 7.6 and 4.0 ± 6.5 for the xylitol and placebo group, respectively. Similarly, the mean new D(3-6)MFS was 0.38 ± 0.88 and 0.48 ± 1.39 for the xylitol and placebo group, respectively. The adjusted mean difference between the two groups was not statistically significant: new d(3-6)mfs: mean 0.4, 95% CI -0.25, 0.8), and new D(3-6)MFS: mean 0.16, 95% CI -0.16, 0.43. Xylitol consumption did not have additional benefit beyond other preventive measures. Caries progression in the permanent teeth of both groups was minimal, suggesting that other simultaneous prevention modalities may have masked the possible beneficial effects of xylitol in this trial. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Flow Diversion versus Standard Endovascular Techniques for the Treatment of Unruptured Carotid-Ophthalmic Aneurysms.

PubMed

Di Maria, F; Pistocchi, S; Clarençon, F; Bartolini, B; Blanc, R; Biondi, A; Redjem, H; Chiras, J; Sourour, N; Piotin, M

2015-12-01

Over the past few years, flow diversion has been increasingly adopted for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms, especially in the paraclinoid and paraophthalmic carotid segment. We compared clinical and angiographic outcomes and complication rates in 2 groups of patients with unruptured carotid-ophthalmic aneurysms treated for 7 years by either standard coil-based techniques or flow diversion. From February 2006 to December 2013, 162 unruptured carotid-ophthalmic aneurysms were treated endovascularly in 138 patients. Sixty-seven aneurysms were treated by coil-based techniques in 61 patients. Flow diverters were deployed in 95 unruptured aneurysms (77 patients), with additional coiling in 27 patients. Complication rates, clinical outcome, and immediate and long-term angiographic results were retrospectively analyzed. No procedure-related deaths occurred. Four procedure-related thromboembolic events (6.6%) leading to permanent morbidity in 1 case (1.6%) occurred in the coiling group. Neurologic complications were observed in 6 patients (7.8%) in the flow-diversion group, resulting in 3.9% permanent morbidity. No statistically significant difference was found between complication (P = .9) and morbidity rates (P = .6). In the coiling group (median follow-up, 31.5 ± 24.5 months), recanalization occurred at 1 year in 23/50 (54%) aneurysms and 27/55 aneurysms (50.9%) at the latest follow-up, leading to retreatment in 6 patients (9%). In the flow-diversion group (mean follow-up, 13.5 ± 10.8 months), 85.3% (35/41) of all aneurysms were occluded after 12 months, and 74.6% (50/67) on latest follow-up. The retreatment rate was 2.1%. Occlusion rates between the 2 groups differed significantly at 12 months (P < .001) and at the latest follow-up (P < .005). Our retrospective analysis shows better long-term occlusion of carotid-ophthalmic aneurysms after use of flow diverters compared with standard coil-based techniques, without significant differences in permanent morbidity. © 2015 by American Journal of Neuroradiology.

29 CFR 778.105 - Determining the workweek.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... or different workweeks may be established for different employees or groups of employees. Once the... permanent and is not designed to evade the overtime requirements of the Act. The proper method of computing...

Adverse effects of permanent atrial fibrillation on heart failure in patients with preserved left ventricular function and chronic right apical pacing for complete heart block.

PubMed

Lampe, Brigitte; Hammerstingl, Christoph; Schwab, Jörg Otto; Mellert, Fritz; Stoffel-Wagner, Birgit; Grigull, Andreas; Fimmers, Rolf; Maisch, Bernhard; Nickenig, Georg; Lewalter, Thorsten; Yang, Alexander

2012-10-01

The impact of atrial fibrillation (AF) on heart failure (HF) was evaluated in patients with preserved left ventricular (LV) function and long-term right ventricular (RV) pacing for complete heart block. Clinical, echocardiographic, and laboratory parameters of HF were assessed in 35 patients with established AF who had undergone ablation of the atrioventricular node and pacemaker implantation (Group A) and 31 patients who received dual-chamber pacing for spontaneous complete heart block (Group B). During a follow-up period of 12.7 ± 7.5 years, New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class increased from 1.3 ± 0.5 to 2.1 ± 0.6 (p < 0.0001) in Group A, and from 1.3 ± 0.4 to 1.6 ± 0.7 (p < 0.01) in Group B. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) decreased from 59.7 ± 5.1 to 53.0 ± 8.2 (p < 0.0001) in Group A, but remained stable (58.6 ± 4.2 vs. 56.9 ± 7.0 %, p = 0,21) in Group B. At the end of follow-up, markers of LV function were moderately depressed in Group A compared with those in Group B: NYHA class 2.1 ± 0.6 versus 1.6 ± 0.7, p = 0.001; LVEF 53.0 ± 8.2 versus 56.9 ± 7.0 %, p < 0.05; LV diastolic diameter 53.6 ± 5.8 mm versus 50.7 ± 4.9 mm, p < 0.05; N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) 1116.8 ± 883.9 versus 622.9 ± 1059.4 pg/ml, p < 0.05. Progression of paroxysmal AF to permanent AF during follow-up was common, while new onset of AF was rare. Permanent AF was an independent predictor of declining LVEF >10 %, increasing NYHA class ≥1, and NT-proBNP levels >1,000 pg/ml. Permanent AF was associated with adverse effects on LV function and symptoms of HF in patients with long-term RV pacing for complete heart block, and appears to play an important role in the development of HF in this specific patient cohort.

Radiation shielding for deep space manned missions by cryogen free superconducting magnets.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spillantini, Piero

In last years some activity was dedicated to the solution of the following problem: can be artificially created, around a space vehicle in a manned interplanetary travel or around a manned `space base' in deep space, a magnetic field approaching as much as possible the terrestrial one in terms of bending power on the arriving particles? Preliminary evaluations for active shielding based on superconducting magnets were made a few years ago in ESA supported studies. The present increasing interest of permanent space `bases' located in `deep' space requires that this activity continue toward the goal of protecting from Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) a large volume `habitat', allowing long duration permanence in space to citizens conducting there `normal' activities besides to a restricted number of astronauts. The problem had to be stated at this global scale because it must be afforded as soon as possible for preparing the needed technologies and their integration in the spacecraft designs for the future manned exploration and for inhabitation of deep space. The realization of the magnetic protection of large volume habitats by well-established nowadays materials and techniques is in principle possible, but not workable in practice for the huge required mass of the superconductor, the too low operating temperature (10K) and the corresponding required cooling power and thermal shielding. The concept of Cryogen Free Superconducting Magnets is the only one practicable. Fast progress in the production of reliable High Temperature Superconducting (HTS) or MgB2 cables and of cryocoolers suitable for space operation opens the perspective of practicable solutions. Quantitative evaluations for the protection of large volume habitats in deep space from GCRs are reported and discussed.

Dietary fats significantly influence the survival of penumbral neurons in a rat model of chronic ischemic by modifying lipid mediators, inflammatory biomarkers, NOS production, and redox-dependent apoptotic signals.

PubMed

Lausada, Natalia; Arnal, Nathalie; Astiz, Mariana; Marín, María Cristina; Lofeudo, Juan Manuel; Stringa, Pablo; Tacconi de Alaniz, María J; Tacconi de Gómez Dumm, Nelva; Hurtado de Catalfo, Graciela; Cristalli de Piñero, Norma; Pallanza de Stringa, María Cristina; Illara de Bozzolo, Eva María; Bozzarello, Enrique Gustavo; Cristalli, Diana Olga; Marra, Carlos Alberto

2015-01-01

Brain stroke is the third most important cause of death in developed countries. We studied the effect of different dietary lipids on the outcome of a permanent ischemic stroke rat model. Wistar rats were fed diets containing 7% commercial oils (S, soybean; O, olive; C, coconut; G, grape seed) for 35 d. Stroke was induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. Coronal slices from ischemic brains and sham-operated animals were supravitally stained. Penumbra and core volumes were calculated by image digitalization after 24, 48, and 72 h poststroke. Homogenates and mitochondrial fractions were prepared from different zones and analyzed by redox status, inflammatory markers, ceramide, and arachidonate content, phospholipase A2, NOS, and proteases. Soybean (S) and G diets were mainly prooxidative and proinflammatory by increasing the liberation of arachidonate and its transformation into prostaglandins. O was protective in terms of redox homeostatic balance, minor increases in lipid and protein damage, conservation of reduced glutathione, protective activation of NOS in penumbra, and net ratio of anti-to proinflammatory cytokines. Apoptosis (caspase-3, milli- and microcalpains) was less activated by O than by any other diet. Dietary lipids modulate NOS and PLA2 activities, ceramide production, and glutathione import into the mitochondrial matrix, finally determining the activation of the two main protease systems involved in programmed cell death. Olive oil appears to be a biological source for the isolation of protective agents that block the expansion of brain core at the expense of penumbral neurons. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The prevalence of dental caries in 5 - 18-year-old insulin-dependent diabetics of Fars Province, southern Iran.

PubMed

Alavi, Ali-Asghar; Amirhakimi, Elham; Karami, Babak

2006-07-01

The association of dental caries and diabetes mellitus has not received enough attention, in spite of the fact that both diseases are associated with the ingestion of dietary carbohydrates. This study was undertaken in Fars Province, southern Iran, to determine the prevalence rates of dental caries in a group of metabolically well-controlled patients with type I diabetes mellitus and in a control group. Fifty patients (22 boys and 28 girls) with type I diabetes mellitus under follow-up of the Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, with a mean +/- SD age of 11.72 +/- 3.36 years and mean +/- SD fasting blood sugar of 235.74 +/- 103.61 mg/dL, entered this study. A similar study was conducted to determine the prevalence of dental caries in 12-year-old school children in Shiraz, Iran who served as the control group. After completing a questionnaire, the patients were examined separately by two dentists. Before the clinical examination, bitewing radiographies were performed. Student's t- and Chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis in relation to sex, age of onset of diabetes mellitus, socioeconomic and nutritional status, family history of diabetes mellitus, and orohygiene status. The mean +/- SD DMFT for diabetic children was 9.64 +/- 4.64 (decayed = 8.12 +/- 3.90, missing = 0.62 +/- 1.34, and filling = 0.90 +/- 2.10). The lower permanent first molars were the most frequency decayed and the incisors were the healthiest teeth. DMFT score and the frequency of decayed teeth were higher in boys than in girls. However, the rate of filling and missing teeth were higher in girls. DMFT and the number of decayed teeth were higher in patients with poor oral hygiene. The number of healthy first permanent molars was much higher in the mixed dentition groups than in those with permanent teeth. A direct correlation was found between the health status of the first permanent molar tooth and having type I diabetes mellitus. Oral hygiene was somewhat poorer in diabetic patients than in the control group. Regular dental check-ups for preventive measures such as fluoride therapy, fissure sealant, regular medical follow-ups for proper control of metabolic abnormalities to decrease occurrence of xerostomia, omission of cariogenic substances from dietary regimen, fluoridation of drinking water, and individual and group education of diabetic patients regarding proper dental hygiene are recommended.

Neuroprotection by baicalein in ischemic brain injury involves PTEN/AKT pathway.

PubMed

Liu, Chao; Wu, Jiliang; Xu, Kui; Cai, Fei; Gu, Jun; Ma, Liqun; Chen, Jianguo

2010-03-01

Recently more evidences support baicalein (Bai) is neuroprotective in models of ischemic stroke. This study was conducted to determine the molecular mechanisms involved in this effect. Either permanent or transient (2 h) middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced in rats in this study. Permanent MCAO led to larger infarct volumes in contrast to transient MCAO. Only in transient MCAO, Bai administration significantly reduced infarct size. Baicalein also markedly reduced apoptosis in the penumbra of transient MCAO rats. Additionally, oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) was used to mimic ischemic insult in primary cultured cortical neurons. A rapid increase in the intracellular reactive oxygen species level and nitrotyrosine formation induced by OGD was counteracted by Bai, which is parallel with attenuated cell injury. The reduction of phosphorylation Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3beta) induced by OGD was restored by Bai, which was associated with preserved levels of phosphorylation of PTEN, the phophatase that negatively regulates Akt. As a consequence, Bcl-2/Bcl-xL-associated death protein phosphorylation was increased and the protein level of Bcl-2 in motochondria was maintained, which subsequently antagonize cytochrome c released in cytosol. LY294002 blocked the increase in phospho-AKT evoked by Bai and abolished the associated protective effect. Together, these findings provide evidence that Bai protects neurons against ischemia injury and this neuroprotective effect involves PI3K/Akt and PTEN pathway.

[Food prohibitions of social and religious origin].

PubMed

de Garine, I

1991-04-11

There are two types of food prohibitions: permanent and temporary. Permanent prohibitions have little influence on diet, except in India. They are symbolic social markers and continue to govern the attitude and behaviour system while facilitating social dynamics. Temporary prohibitions play a major role, particularly as regards the nutritionally "vulnerable" groups. They reflect empirical preoccupations and some of them are in line with science. In each concrete case these aspects interpenetrate and bear the mark of the culture in which they are observed. An inductive approach therefore is necessary and caution must be exerted in interpreting them.

Venous obstruction in permanent pacemaker patients: an isotopic study

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pauletti, M.; Di Ricco, G.; Solfanelli, S.

1981-01-01

Isotope venography was used to study the venous circulation proximal to the superior vena cava in two groups of pacemaker patients, one with a single endocavitary electrode and the other with multiple pacing catheters. A control group of patients without pacemakers was also studied. Numerous abnormalities were found, especially in the group with multiple electrodes. These findings suggest that venous obstruction is a common complication of endocardial pacing.

Frequency and variability of dental morphology in deciduous and permanent dentition of a Nasa indigenous group in the municipality of Morales, Cauca, Colombia

PubMed Central

Díaz, Eider; García, Lorena; Hernández, Michelle; Palacio, Lesly; Ruiz, Diana; Velandia, Nataly; Villavicencio, Judy

2014-01-01

Objectives: To determine the frequency, variability, sexual dimorphism and bilateral symmetry of fourteen dental crown traits in the deciduous and permanent dentition of 60 dental models (35 women and 25 men) obtained from a native, indigenous group of Nasa school children of the Musse Ukue group in the municipality of Morales, Department of Cauca, Colombia. Methods: This is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study that characterizes dental morphology by means of the systems for temporary dentition from Dahlberg (winging), and ASUDAS (crowding, reduction of hypocone, metaconule and cusp 6), Hanihara (central and lateral incisors in shovel-shape and cusp 7), Sciulli (double bit, layered fold protostylid, cusp pattern and cusp number) and Grine (Carabelli trait); and in permanent dentition from ASUDAS (Winging, crowding, central and lateral incisors in shovel-shape and double shovel-shape, Carabelli trait, hypocone reduction, metaconule, cusp pattern, cusp number, layered fold protostylid, cusp 6 and cusp 7). Results: The most frequent dental crown features were the shovel-shaped form, grooved and fossa forms of the Carabelli trait, metaconule, cusp pattern Y6, layered fold, protostylid (point P) and cusp 6. Sexual dimorphism was not observed and there was bilateral symmetry in the expression of these features. Conclusions: The sample studied presented a great affinity with ethnic groups belonging to the Mongoloid Dental Complex due to the frequency (expression) and variability (gradation) of the tooth crown traits, upper incisors, the Carabelli trait, the protostylid, cusp 6 and cusp 7. The influence of the Caucasoide Dental Complex associated with ethno-historical processes cannot be ruled out. PMID:24970955

Malaysia`s Peninsular Gas system gets another segment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Savini, C.F.

1997-12-01

Stage 3 of Malaysia`s Peninsular Gas utilization Project is nearing completion by a joint venture of Saipem (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd and Peremba Construction Sdn Bhd. Under Petronas Gas Berhad, all stages of the Peninsular Gas Utilization Project are to provide natural gas to commercial customers recovered from complexes off the east coast of the Malaysian Peninsula. Stage 3 consists of 448 km of 36-in. pipeline from the Stage 2 teeoff in Meru, Selangor, northward to Pauh in Perlis, close to the Malaysian-Thailand border. Included in the permanent facilities are six main line valve stations, two scraper stations, six cathodic-protection stations,more » and five teeoffs. The paper discusses construction, cathodic protection, hydrostatic testing, and quality assurance.« less

UV clothing and skin cancer.

PubMed

Tarbuk, Anita; Grancarić, Ana Marija; Situm, Mirna; Martinis, Mladen

2010-04-01

Skin cancer incidence in Croatia is steadily increasing in spite of public and governmental permanently measurements. It is clear that will soon become a major public health problem. The primary cause of skin cancer is believed to be a long exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The future designers of UV protective materials should be able to block totally the ultraviolet radiation. The aim of this paper is to present results of measurements concerning UV protecting ability of garments and sun-screening textiles using transmission spectrophotometer Cary 50 Solarscreen (Varian) according to AS/NZS 4399:1996; to show that standard clothing materials are not always adequate to prevent effect of UV radiation to the human skin; and to suggest the possibilities for its improvement for this purpose.

Preventing Child Abuse and Neglect

MedlinePlus

... and Preservation Services Out-of-Home Care National Foster Care Month Overview Foster Care Group and Residential Care Kinship Care Casework ... Adulthood and Independent Living Placement Decisions Resources for Foster Families Achieving & Maintaining Permanency Overview Reunifying Families Recruiting ...

[Changes of vascular reactivity and reactive oxygen species in conditions of varying duration of permanent stay in the alienation zone in mice].

PubMed

Tkachenko, M M; Kotsiuruba, A V; Baziliuk, O V; Horot', I V; Sahach, V F

2010-01-01

Peculiarities of changes in the vascular reactivity and in the content of reactive forms of oxygen and stable metabolites of nitric oxide (NO) were studied in the aorta preparations of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice of the two age groups (6 and 18 mo.), which were born and permanently kept in the Chernobyl alienation zone. The results obtained showed a disturbance of acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent reactions of relaxation of smooth muscles of the thoracic aorta. A lower level of NO synthesis and lower level of oxidative arginase metabolism of arginine corresponded to a higher degree of damage of endothelium-dependent reactions of relaxation of the thoracic aorta smooth muscles. A decrease of NO synthesis in conditions of permanent effects of low doses of radiation was conditioned by an increase of generation of reactive forms of oxygen, namely, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, which might be formed in mitochondria. In conditions of permanent effects of low doses of radiation a lesser level of protein nitrosothilation, same as lesser one of generation of OH-radical, corresponded to a higher level of damage of endothelium-dependent reactions.

A proposed model for small-world structural organization of mission teams and tasks in order to optimize efficiency and minimize costs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ribeiro, André S.; Almeida, Miguel

2003-11-01

We propose a model of structural organization and intercommunication between all elements of every team involved in the development of a space probe to improve efficiency. Such structure is built to minimize path between any two elements, allowing fast information flow in the structure. Structures are usually very clustered inside each task team but only the heads of departments, or occasional meetings, usually assure the links between team elements. This is responsible for a lack of information exchange between staff members of each team. We propose the establishment of permanent small working groups of staff elements from different teams, in a random but permanent basis. The elements chosen for such connections establishment can be chosen in a temporary basis, but the connections must exist permanently because only with permanent connections can information flow when needed. A few of such random connections between staff members will diminish the average path length, between any two elements of any team, for information exchange. A small world structure will emerge with low internal energy costs, which is the structure used by biological neuronal systems.

A proposed model for small-world structural organization of mission teams and tasks in order to optimize efficiency and minimize costs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ribeiro, André S.; Almeida, Miguel

2006-10-01

We propose a model of structural organization and intercommunication between all elements of every team involved in the development of a space probe to improve efficiency. Such structure is built to minimize path between any two elements, allowing fast information flow in the structure. Structures are usually very clustered inside each task team but only the heads of departments, or occasional meetings, usually assure the links between team elements. This is responsible for a lack of information exchange between staff members of each team. We propose the establishment of permanent small working groups of staff elements from different teams, in a random but permanent basis. The elements chosen for such connections establishment can be chosen on a temporary basis, but the connections must exist permanently because only with permanent connections can information flow when needed. A few of such random connections between staff members will diminish the average path length, between any two elements of any team, for information exchange. A small world structure will emerge with low internal energy costs, which is the structure used by biological neuronal systems.

Dental disease indices and caries-related microflora in children with glycogen storage disease.

PubMed

Kidd, S A; Rademeyer, C; Roberts, G J; Lee, P J; Lucas, V S

2002-01-01

To establish the levels of dental caries, bacterial dental plaque, gingivitis and caries-related microflora in children with glycogen storage disease (GSD). Patients with GSD are treated with regular intakes of glucose polymer and uncooked cornstarch to prevent hypoglycaemia. Dental health data are scarce. The study group comprised 21 children with GSD attending the Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children. These included the number of decayed, missing and filled teeth, and surfaces in both the primary and permanent dentitions, plaque and gingivitis scores. Both plaque and saliva were collected from each child and cultured for Mutans streptococci, Lactobacilli and Candida. The study group included 13 boys and eight girls, aged from 2.7 to 15.5 years. Four of the 21 children had some caries experience. The mean dmft was 0.5 and the mean DMFT, 0.06. Mean plaque and gingivitis scores were 4.8 and 5.9, respectively, for plaque and gingivitis adjacent to the primary teeth, and 11.6 and 12 for those related to permanent teeth. Only a small proportion of the children had caries experience but most were found to have plaque associated with both primary and permanent teeth. Preventive care should be targeted to improve plaque control thus minimizing the risk of developing periodontal disease as adults.

Dental caries in Arab League countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed

Khan, Soban Qadir

2014-08-01

The aim of this review was to determine prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in the 2-20-year-old population of the Arab league. A literature search was performed on Pubmed, Summon and Google Scholar using the key words 'Dental caries', 'dmft' and 'DMFT'. A total of 293 articles were found, of which 35 passed our inclusion criteria and were included in analysis. Tables were made separately for primary and permanent teeth; the age group for primary teeth was 2-12 years and for permanent teeth 6-20 years. A meta-analysis was run by using data extracted from the studies included. Heterogeneity was tested by forest plot and chi-square test, and considerable heterogeneity was found. Mean decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft) was 4.341 (95% CI 3.714, 4.969) and in permanent teeth (DMFT) was 2.469 (95% CI 2.019, 2.919) from a random effect model. Publication bias diagnostics suggested missing of four studies of primary teeth caries data and eight studies of permanent teeth caries data to obtain symmetry in the funnel plot. The incidence of caries in primary teeth was found to be high compared with caries in permanent teeth in the Arab League. This study does not provide a comprehensive picture of caries prevalence in the Arab League because in many of these countries only a few studies were performed. Therefore, these data cannot provide a complete picture of the prevalence of caries in those countries. Additional studies are needed to better evaluate the prevalence of caries in children and young adults in Arab League countries. © 2014 FDI World Dental Federation.

The effects of unemployment and perceived job insecurity: a comparison of their association with psychological and somatic complaints, self-rated health and life satisfaction.

PubMed

Griep, Yannick; Kinnunen, Ulla; Nätti, Jouko; De Cuyper, Nele; Mauno, Saija; Mäkikangas, Anne; De Witte, Hans

2016-01-01

Research has provided convincing evidence for the adverse effects of both short- and long-term unemployment, and perceived job insecurity on individuals' health and well-being. This study aims to go one critical step further by comparing the association between short- and long-term unemployment, and perceived job insecurity with a diverse set of health and well-being indicators. We compare four groups: (1) secure permanent employees (N = 2257), (2) insecure permanent employees (N = 713), (3) short-term unemployed (N = 662), and (4) long-term unemployed (N = 345) using cross-sectional data from the nationally representative Living Conditions Survey in Finland. Covariance analyses adjusted for background variables support findings from earlier studies that long-term unemployment and perceived job insecurity are detrimental: short-term unemployed and secure permanent employees experienced fewer psychological complaints and lower subjective complaints load, reported a higher self-rated health, and were more satisfied with their life compared to long-term unemployed and insecure permanent employees. Second, whereas unemployment was found to be more detrimental than insecure employment in terms of life satisfaction, insecure employment was found to be more detrimental than unemployment in terms of psychological complaints. No differences were found regarding subjective complaints load and self-rated health. Our findings suggest that (1) insecure employment relates to more psychological complaints than short-term unemployment and secure permanent employment, (2) insecure employment and long-term unemployment relate to more subjective complaints load and poorer health when compared to secure permanent employment, and (3) insecure employment relates to higher life satisfaction than both short- and long-term unemployment.

Protective effect of hexane and ethanol extract of piper longum L. On gentamicin-induced hair cell loss in neonatal cultures.

PubMed

Yadav, Mukesh Kumar; Choi, June; Song, Jae-Jun

2014-03-01

Gentamicin (GM) is a commonly used aminoglycoside antibiotic that generates free oxygen radicals within the inner ear, which can cause vestibulo-cochlear toxicity and permanent damage to the sensory hair cells and neurons. Piper longum L. (PL) is a well-known spice and traditional medicine in Asia and Pacific islands, which has been reported to exhibit a wide spectrum of activity, including antioxidant activity. In this study, we evaluated the effect of hexane:ethanol (2:8) PL extract (subfraction of PL [SPL] extract) on GM-induced hair cell loss in basal, middle and apical regions in a neonatal cochlea cultures. The protective effects of SPL extract were measured by phalloidin staining of cultures from postnatal day 2-3 mice with GM-induced hair cell loss. The anti-apoptosis activity of SPL extract was measured using double labeling by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and myosin-7a staining. The radical-scavenging activity of SPL extract was assessed using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. SPL extract at a concentration of 1 µg/mL significantly inhibited GM-induced hair cell loss at basal and middle region of cochlea, while 5 µg/mL was effective against apical region hair cell loss. The protective effect of SPL extract was concentration dependent and hair cells retained their stereocilia in explants treated with SPL extract prior to treatment with 0.3 mM GM. SPL extract decreased GM-induced apoptosis of hair cells as assessed by TUNEL staining. The outer hair and inner hair counts were not decreased in SPL extract treated groups in compare to GM treated explants. Additionally, SPL extract showed concentration dependent radical scavenging activity in a DPPH assay. An anti-apoptosis effect and potent radical scavenger activity of SPL extract protects from GM-induced hair cell loss at basal, middle and apical regions in neonatal cochlea cultures.

Social spiders of the genus Anelosimus occur in wetter, more productive environments than non-social species.

PubMed

Majer, Marija; Agnarsson, Ingi; Svenning, Jens-Christian; Bilde, Trine

2013-11-01

Latitude, rainfall, and productivity have been shown to influence social organisation and level of sociality in arthropods on large geographic scales. Social spiders form permanent group-living societies where they cooperate in brood care, web maintenance, and foraging. Sociality has evolved independently in a number of unrelated spider genera and may reflect convergent evolutionary responses to common environmental drivers. The genus Anelosimus contains a third of approximately 25 described permanently social spider species, eight to nine species that all occur in the Americas. To test for environmental correlates of sociality in Anelosimus across the Americas, we used logistic regression to detect effects of annual rainfall, productivity, and precipitation seasonality on the relative likelihood of occurrence of social and non-social Anelosimus spiders. Our analyses show that social species tend to occur at higher annual rainfall and productivity than non-social species, supporting the hypothesised effects of these environmental variables on the geographical distribution of social species. We did not find support for the hypothesis that permanently social species occur in areas with low precipitation seasonality. High annual precipitation and, to less extent, high productivity favour the occurrence of permanently group-living Anelosimus spiders relative to subsocial and solitary species. These results are partially consistent with previous findings for the Old World spider genus Stegodyphus, where a link between high habitat productivity and sociality was also found. Unlike Anelosimus, however, Stegodyphus typically occur in dry habitats negating a general importance of high precipitation for sociality. Sociality in spiders thus seems to be strongly linked to productivity, probably reflecting the need for relatively high availability of large prey to sustain social colonies.

Social spiders of the genus Anelosimus occur in wetter, more productive environments than non-social species

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Majer, Marija; Agnarsson, Ingi; Svenning, Jens-Christian; Bilde, Trine

2013-11-01

Latitude, rainfall, and productivity have been shown to influence social organisation and level of sociality in arthropods on large geographic scales. Social spiders form permanent group-living societies where they cooperate in brood care, web maintenance, and foraging. Sociality has evolved independently in a number of unrelated spider genera and may reflect convergent evolutionary responses to common environmental drivers. The genus Anelosimus contains a third of approximately 25 described permanently social spider species, eight to nine species that all occur in the Americas. To test for environmental correlates of sociality in Anelosimus across the Americas, we used logistic regression to detect effects of annual rainfall, productivity, and precipitation seasonality on the relative likelihood of occurrence of social and non-social Anelosimus spiders. Our analyses show that social species tend to occur at higher annual rainfall and productivity than non-social species, supporting the hypothesised effects of these environmental variables on the geographical distribution of social species. We did not find support for the hypothesis that permanently social species occur in areas with low precipitation seasonality. High annual precipitation and, to less extent, high productivity favour the occurrence of permanently group-living Anelosimus spiders relative to subsocial and solitary species. These results are partially consistent with previous findings for the Old World spider genus Stegodyphus, where a link between high habitat productivity and sociality was also found. Unlike Anelosimus, however, Stegodyphus typically occur in dry habitats negating a general importance of high precipitation for sociality. Sociality in spiders thus seems to be strongly linked to productivity, probably reflecting the need for relatively high availability of large prey to sustain social colonies.

Surgical management of hydrocephalus secondary to intraventricular hemorrhage in the preterm infant.

PubMed

Christian, Eisha A; Melamed, Edward F; Peck, Edwin; Krieger, Mark D; McComb, J Gordon

2016-03-01

OBJECT Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) in the preterm infant remains a major neurological complication of prematurity. The authors first described insertion of a specially designed low-profile subcutaneous ventricular catheter reservoir for temporary management of hydrocephalus in 1983. This report presents the follow-up experience with the surgical management of PHH in this population and describes outcomes both in infants who were stable for permanent shunt insertion and those initially temporized with a ventricular reservoir (VR) prior to permanent ventriculoperitoneal (VP)/ventriculoatrial (VA) shunt placement. METHODS A retrospective review was undertaken of the medical records of all premature infants surgically treated for posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) between 1997 and 2012 at Children's Hospital Los Angeles. RESULTS Over 14 years, 91 preterm infants with PHH were identified. Fifty neonates received temporizing measures via a VR that was serially tapped for varying time periods. For the remaining 41 premature infants, VP/VA shunt placement was the first procedure. Patients with a temporizing measure as their initial procedure had undergone CSF diversion significantly earlier in life than those who had permanent shunting as the initial procedure (29 vs 56 days after birth, p < 0.01). Of the infants with a VR as their initial procedure, 5/50 (10%) did not undergo subsequent VP/VA shunt placement. The number of shunt revisions and the rates of loculated hydrocephalus and shunt infection did not statistically differ between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS Patients with initial VR insertion as a temporizing measure received a CSF diversion procedure significantly earlier than those who received a permanent shunt as their initial procedure. Otherwise, the outcomes with regard to shunt revisions, loculated hydrocephalus, and shunt infection were not different for the 2 groups.

Unstable child welfare permanent placements and early adolescent physical and mental health: The roles of adverse childhood experiences and post-traumatic stress.

PubMed

Villodas, Miguel T; Cromer, Kelly D; Moses, Jacqueline O; Litrownik, Alan J; Newton, Rae R; Davis, Inger P

2016-12-01

Although researchers have found that child welfare placement disruptions are associated with elevated youth physical and mental health problems, the mechanisms that explain this association have not been previously studied. The present study built on a previous investigation of the physical and behavioral consequences of long-term permanent placement patterns among youth who participated in the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (LONGSCAN). The current investigation (n=251) aimed to (a) report the early adolescent living situations of youth with different long-term placement patterns, and (b) to delineate the roles of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and post-traumatic stress (PTS) reactions in the association between unstable long-term placement patterns and physical and mental health problems during the transition to adolescence. Information about youth's living situations, ACEs, and physical and mental health was gathered prospectively from child protective services records and biannual caregiver and youth interviews when youth were 4-14 years old. The majority of youth remained with the same caregiver during early adolescence, but youth with chronically unstable permanent placement patterns continued to experience instability. Path analyses revealed that ACEs mediated the association between unstable placement patterns and elevated mental, but not physical, health problems during late childhood. Additionally, late childhood PTS mediated the association between unstable placement patterns and subsequent escalations in physical and mental health problems during the transition to adolescence. Findings highlight the importance of long-term permanency planning for youth who enter the child welfare system and emphasize the importance of trauma-focused assessment and intervention for these youth. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Rehabilitation in children with juvenile chronic arthritis.

PubMed

Häfner, R; Truckenbrodt, H; Spamer, M

1998-05-01

Chronic childhood arthritis impairs joint function and may result in severe physical handicap. Joint pain and inflammation trigger a vicious cycle that often ends in joint damage and fixed deformities. A comprehensive rehabilitation programme must start early to restore loss of function and prevent permanent handicap. It is dominated by a physiotherapeutic regimen consisting of pain relief, movement expansion, training of muscular coordination and finally re-integration of a physiological movement pattern. The approaches of occupational therapy become integrated into the treatment programme, concentrating on joint protection and self-care training. Additional aids support the aim of joint restoration. They include individual splinting, adapted footwear and walking aids. Depending on the child's age and developmental status different aspects of rehabilitation dominate. Small children need adequate mobility to promote their psychosocial development. In later years integration into school life and the peer group becomes important. Adolescents require help for an adequate vocational training and self-care support. Last but not least, parental education and integration of the whole family into the rehabilitation programme markedly improve the patient's prognosis.

[Long-term effects of permanent pacemaker implantation on tricuspid valve regurgitation].

PubMed

Ren, Chong-lei; Wang, Yao; Wang, Rong; Li, Bo-jun; Geng, Ren-yi; Gao, Chang-qing

2012-08-14

To explore the long-term effects of permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) on tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR) in Chinese patients so as to determine the incidence and related factors, evaluate its effects on heart structure and function and ascertain the exact mechanism of TR after PPI. A total of 430 patients undergoing permanent pacemaker replacement at our hospital between January 2000 and June 2011 were recruited. The patients with isolated atrial lead implantation procedures, significant heart valve disease or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were excluded. The data of 108 patients who had Doppler echocardiograms performed before the first pacemaker implantation procedure and this pacemaker replacement procedure were obtained and retrospectively analyzed. According to the post-implant grade of TR, the patients were divided into two groups: normal tricuspid (n = 79) and abnormal tricuspid (n = 29). Their clinical characteristics and echocardiographic data between two groups were analyzed and compared. The mean follow-up time (from the first pacemaker implantation) was (13 ± 6) years (range: 4 - 34). Among 108 patients with initially normal tricuspid post-implant, 29 patients (26.9%) developed significant TR during the follow-up. In comparison to those in normal tricuspid group, the patients in abnormal tricuspid group had a longer time from the first pacemaker implantation ((16 ± 7) vs (12 ± 5) years, P = 0.003), more transtricuspid leads (1.31 ± 0.66 vs 1.10 ± 0.30, P = 0.026), larger right atrial size ((38 ± 7) vs (35 ± 4) mm, P = 0.028) and higher prevalence of mild TR and mitral valve regurgitation (MR) pre-implantation (TR: 21% vs 4%, P = 0.015, MR: 28% vs 5%, P = 0.003). The size of right atrium, right ventricle and left atrium in abnormal tricuspid group were more than those in normal tricuspid group. The prevalence of significant MR post-implantation in abnormal tricuspid group was higher than that in normal tricuspid group. The ejection fraction in abnormal tricuspid group was lower than that in normal tricuspid group during the follow-up. Abnormal TR after PPI during a long-term follow-up is quite common. The related factors include the time interval from the first pacemaker implantation, number of transtricuspid lead, right atrial size, mild TR and MR pre-implantation.