Pilot study: incorporation of pharmacogenetic testing in medication therapy management services.

PubMed

Haga, Susanne B; Allen LaPointe, Nancy M; Moaddeb, Jivan; Mills, Rachel; Patel, Mahesh; Kraus, William E

2014-11-01

Aim: To describe the rationale and design of a pilot study evaluating the integration of pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing into pharmacist-delivered medication therapy management (MTM). Study rationale: Clinical delivery approaches of PGx testing involving pharmacists may overcome barriers of limited physician knowledge about and experience with testing. Study design: We will assess the addition of PGx testing to MTM services for cardiology patients taking three or more medications including simvastatin or clopidogrel. We will measure the impact of MTM plus PGx testing on drug/dose adjustment and clinical outcomes. Factors associated with delivery, such as time to prepare and conduct MTM and consult with physicians will be recorded. Additionally, patient interest and satisfaction will be measured. Anticipated results: We anticipate that PGx testing can be practically integrated into standard a MTM service, providing a viable delivery model for testing. Conclusion: Given the lack of evidence of an effective PGx delivery models, this study will provide preliminary evidence regarding a pharmacist-delivered approach.

Clinical Implementation of Pharmacogenomics for Personalized Precision Medicine: Barriers and Solutions.

PubMed

Klein, Michelle E; Parvez, Md Masud; Shin, Jae-Gook

2017-09-01

Clinical implementation of pharmacogenomics (PGx) leads to personalized medicine, which improves the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of treatments. Although PGx-based research has been conducted for more than a decade, several barriers have slowed down its widespread implementation in clinical practice. Globally, there is an imbalance in programs and solutions required to empower the clinical implementation of PGx between countries. Therefore, we aimed to review these issues comprehensively, determine the major barriers, and find the best solutions. Through an extensive review of ongoing clinical implementation programs, scientific, educational, ethical, legal, and social issues, information technology, and reimbursement were identified as the key barriers. The pace of global implementation of genomic medicine coincided with the resource limitations of each country. The key solutions identified for the earlier mentioned barriers are as follows: building of secure and suitable information technology infrastructure with integrated clinical decision support systems along with increasing PGx evidence, more regulations, reimbursement strategies for stakeholder's acceptance, incorporation of PGx education in all institutions and clinics, and PGx promotion to all health care professionals and patients. In conclusion, this review will be helpful for the better understanding of common barriers and solutions pertaining to the clinical application of PGx. Copyright © 2017 American Pharmacists Association®. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Incidence of Exposure of Patients in the United States to Multiple Drugs for Which Pharmacogenomic Guidelines Are Available.

PubMed

Samwald, Matthias; Xu, Hong; Blagec, Kathrin; Empey, Philip E; Malone, Daniel C; Ahmed, Seid Mussa; Ryan, Patrick; Hofer, Sebastian; Boyce, Richard D

2016-01-01

Pre-emptive pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing of a panel of genes may be easier to implement and more cost-effective than reactive pharmacogenomic testing if a sufficient number of medications are covered by a single test and future medication exposure can be anticipated. We analysed the incidence of exposure of individual patients in the United States to multiple drugs for which pharmacogenomic guidelines are available (PGx drugs) within a selected four-year period (2009-2012) in order to identify and quantify the incidence of pharmacotherapy in a nation-wide patient population that could be impacted by pre-emptive PGx testing based on currently available clinical guidelines. In total, 73 024 095 patient records from private insurance, Medicare Supplemental and Medicaid were included. Patients enrolled in Medicare Supplemental age > = 65 or Medicaid age 40-64 had the highest incidence of PGx drug use, with approximately half of the patients receiving at least one PGx drug during the 4 year period and one fourth to one third of patients receiving two or more PGx drugs. These data suggest that exposure to multiple PGx drugs is common and that it may be beneficial to implement wide-scale pre-emptive genomic testing. Future work should therefore concentrate on investigating the cost-effectiveness of multiplexed pre-emptive testing strategies.

Preemptive Pharmacogenomic Testing for Precision Medicine

PubMed Central

Ji, Yuan; Skierka, Jennifer M.; Blommel, Joseph H.; Moore, Brenda E.; VanCuyk, Douglas L.; Bruflat, Jamie K.; Peterson, Lisa M.; Veldhuizen, Tamra L.; Fadra, Numrah; Peterson, Sandra E.; Lagerstedt, Susan A.; Train, Laura J.; Baudhuin, Linnea M.; Klee, Eric W.; Ferber, Matthew J.; Bielinski, Suzette J.; Caraballo, Pedro J.; Weinshilboum, Richard M.; Black, John L.

2017-01-01

Significant barriers, such as lack of professional guidelines, specialized training for interpretation of pharmacogenomics (PGx) data, and insufficient evidence to support clinical utility, prevent preemptive PGx testing from being widely clinically implemented. The current study, as a pilot project for the Right Drug, Right Dose, Right Time–Using Genomic Data to Individualize Treatment Protocol, was designed to evaluate the impact of preemptive PGx and to optimize the workflow in the clinic setting. We used an 84-gene next-generation sequencing panel that included SLCO1B1, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, and VKORC1 together with a custom-designed CYP2D6 testing cascade to genotype the 1013 subjects in laboratories approved by the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act. Actionable PGx variants were placed in patient's electronic medical records where integrated clinical decision support rules alert providers when a relevant medication is ordered. The fraction of this cohort carrying actionable PGx variant(s) in individual genes ranged from 30% (SLCO1B1) to 79% (CYP2D6). When considering all five genes together, 99% of the subjects carried an actionable PGx variant(s) in at least one gene. Our study provides evidence in favor of preemptive PGx testing by identifying the risk of a variant being present in the population we studied. PMID:26947514

Cost-effectiveness analysis of pharmacogenetic-guided warfarin dosing in Thailand.

PubMed

Chong, Huey Yi; Saokaew, Surasak; Dumrongprat, Kuntika; Permsuwan, Unchalee; Wu, David Bin-Chia; Sritara, Piyamitr; Chaiyakunapruk, Nathorn

2014-12-01

Pharmacogenetic (PGx) test is a useful tool for guiding physician on an initiation of an optimal warfarin dose. To implement of such strategy, the evidence on the economic value is needed. This study aimed to determine the cost-effectiveness of PGx-guided warfarin dosing compared with usual care (UC). A decision analytic model was used to compare projected lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) accrued to warfarin users through PGx or UC for a hypothetical cohort of 1,000 patients. The model was populated with relevant information from systematic review, and electronic hospital-database. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated based on healthcare system and societal perspectives. All costs were presented at year 2013. A series of sensitivity analyses were performed to determine the robustness of the findings. From healthcare system perspective, PGx increases QALY by 0.002 and cost by 2,959 THB (99 USD) compared with UC. Thus, the ICER is 1,477,042 THB (49,234 USD) per QALY gained. From societal perspective, PGx results in 0.002 QALY gained, and increases costs by 2,953 THB (98 USD) compared with UC (ICER 1,473,852 THB [49,128 USD] per QALY gained). Results are sensitive to the risk ratio (RR) of major bleeding in VKORC1 variant, the efficacy of PGx-guided dosing, and the cost of PGx test. Our finding suggests that PGx-guided warfarin dosing is unlikely to be a cost-effective intervention in Thailand. This evidence assists policy makers and clinicians in efficiently allocating scarce resources. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Targeted Mutants of Cochliobolus carbonum Lacking the Two Major Extracellular Polygalacturonases

PubMed Central

Scott-Craig, John S.; Cheng, Yi-Qiang; Cervone, Felice; De Lorenzo, Giulia; Pitkin, John W.; Walton, Jonathan D.

1998-01-01

The filamentous fungus Cochliobolus carbonum produces endo-α1,4-polygalacturonase (endoPG), exo-α1,4-polygalacturonase (exoPG), and pectin methylesterase when grown in culture on pectin. Residual activity in a pgn1 mutant (lacking endoPG) was due to exoPG activity, and the responsible protein has now been purified. After chemical deglycosylation, the molecular mass of the purified protein decreased from greater than 60 to 45 kDa. The gene that encodes exoPG, PGX1, was isolated with PCR primers based on peptide sequences from the protein. The product of PGX1, Pgx1p, has a predicted molecular mass of 48 kDa, 12 potential N-glycosylation sites, and 61% amino acid identity to an exoPG from the saprophytic fungus Aspergillus tubingensis. Strains of C. carbonum mutated in PGX1 were constructed by targeted gene disruption and by gene replacement. Growth of pgx1 mutant strains on pectin was reduced by ca. 20%, and they were still pathogenic on maize. A double pgn1/pgx1 mutant strain was constructed by crossing. The double mutant grew as well as the pgx1 single mutant on pectin and was still pathogenic despite having less than 1% of total wild-type PG activity. Double mutants retained a small amount of PG activity with the same cation-exchange retention time as Pgn1p and also pectin methylesterase and a PG activity associated with the mycelium. Continued growth of the pgn1/pgx1 mutant on pectin could be due to one or more of these residual activities. PMID:9546185

Informed consent in the context of pharmacogenomic research: ethical considerations.

PubMed

Howard, H C; Joly, Y; Avard, D; Laplante, N; Phillips, M; Tardif, J C

2011-06-01

Although the scientific research surrounding pharmacogenomics (PGx) has been relatively plentiful, the ethical research concerning this discipline has developed rather conservatively. Following investigation of the ethical, legal and social issues (ELSI) of PGx research, as well as consulting with key stakeholders, we identified six outstanding ethical issues raised by the informed consent process in PGx research: (1) scope of consent; (2) consent to 'add-on' studies; (3) protection of personal information; (4) commercialization; (5) data sharing; and (6) potential risks stemming from population-based research. In discussing these six areas as well as offering specific considerations, this article offers a solid base from which future practical guidelines for informed consent in PGx research can be constructed. As such, this effort works toward filling the ELSI gap and provides ethical support to the numerous PGx projects undertaken by researchers every year.

Economic Evaluations of Pharmacogenetic and Pharmacogenomic Screening Tests: A Systematic Review. Second Update of the Literature

PubMed Central

Wilffert, Bob; Boersma, Cornelis; Annemans, Lieven; Vegter, Stefan; van Boven, Job F. M.; Postma, Maarten J.

2016-01-01

Objective Due to extended application of pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic screening (PGx) tests it is important to assess whether they provide good value for money. This review provides an update of the literature. Methods A literature search was performed in PubMed and papers published between August 2010 and September 2014, investigating the cost-effectiveness of PGx screening tests, were included. Papers from 2000 until July 2010 were included via two previous systematic reviews. Studies’ overall quality was assessed with the Quality of Health Economic Studies (QHES) instrument. Results We found 38 studies, which combined with the previous 42 studies resulted in a total of 80 included studies. An average QHES score of 76 was found. Since 2010, more studies were funded by pharmaceutical companies. Most recent studies performed cost-utility analysis, univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses, and discussed limitations of their economic evaluations. Most studies indicated favorable cost-effectiveness. Majority of evaluations did not provide information regarding the intrinsic value of the PGx test. There were considerable differences in the costs for PGx testing. Reporting of the direction and magnitude of bias on the cost-effectiveness estimates as well as motivation for the chosen economic model and perspective were frequently missing. Conclusions Application of PGx tests was mostly found to be a cost-effective or cost-saving strategy. We found that only the minority of recent pharmacoeconomic evaluations assessed the intrinsic value of the PGx tests. There was an increase in the number of studies and in the reporting of quality associated characteristics. To improve future evaluations, scenario analysis including a broad range of PGx tests costs and equal costs of comparator drugs to assess the intrinsic value of the PGx tests, are recommended. In addition, robust clinical evidence regarding PGx tests’ efficacy remains of utmost importance. PMID:26752539

Effect on Insulin, Glucose and Lipids in Overweight/Obese Australian Adults of 12 Months Consumption of Two Different Fibre Supplements in a Randomised Trial

PubMed Central

Pal, Sebely; Ho, Suleen; Gahler, Roland J.; Wood, Simon

2017-01-01

Higher fibre intakes are associated with risk reduction for chronic diseases. This study investigated the effects of supplementation with PolyGlycopleX® (PGX), a complexed polysaccharide, on insulin, glucose and lipids in overweight and obese individuals. In this double-blind 12 months study, participants were randomised into three groups: control (rice flour); PGX or psyllium (PSY). Participants followed their usual lifestyle and diet but consumed 5 g of their supplement before meals. Insulin was significantly lower in the PGX and PSY groups compared to control at 3 and 6 months and in the PSY group compared to control at 12 months. Serum glucose was significantly lower in the PGX group at 3 months compared to control. Total cholesterol was significantly lower in the PGX and PSY groups compared to control at 3 and 6 months. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was significantly increased in the PGX group compared to control at 12 months. low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was significantly lower in the PGX group at 3 and 6 months compared to control and in the PSY group at 3 months compared to control. A simple strategy of fibre supplementation may offer an effective solution to glucose, insulin and lipid management without the need for other nutrient modification. PMID:28146065

Applications of pharmacogenomics in regulatory science: a product life cycle review.

PubMed

Tan-Koi, W C; Leow, P C; Teo, Y Y

2018-05-22

With rapid developments of pharmacogenomics (PGx) and regulatory science, it is important to understand the current PGx integration in product life cycle, impact on clinical practice thus far and opportunities ahead. We conducted a cross-sectional review on PGx-related regulatory documents and implementation guidelines in the United States and Europe. Our review found that although PGx-related guidance in both markets span across the entire product life cycle, the scope of implementation guidelines varies across two continents. Approximately one-third of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs with PGx information in drug labels and half of the European labels posted on PharmGKB website contain recommendations on genetic testing. The drugs affected 19 and 15 World Health Organization Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical drug classes (fourth level) in the United States and Europe, respectively, with protein kinase inhibitors (13 drugs in the United States and 16 drugs in Europe) being most prevalent. Topics of emerging interest were novel technologies, adaptive design in clinical trial and sample collection.

Design Recommendations for Pharmacogenomics Clinical Decision Support Systems

PubMed Central

Khelifi, Maher; Tarczy-Hornoch, Peter; Devine, Emily B.; Pratt, Wanda

2017-01-01

The use of pharmacogenomics (PGx) in clinical practice still faces challenges to fully adopt genetic information in targeting drug therapy. To incorporate genetics into clinical practice, many support the use of Pharmacogenomics Clinical Decision Support Systems (PGx-CDS) for medication prescriptions. This support was fueled by new guidelines to incorporate genetics for optimizing drug dosage and reducing adverse events. In addition, the complexity of PGx led to exploring CDS outside the paradigm of the basic CDS tools embedded in commercial electronic health records. Therefore, designing the right CDS is key to unleashing the full potential of pharmacogenomics and making it a part of clinicians’ daily workflow. In this work, we 1) identify challenges and barriers of the implementation of PGx-CDS in clinical settings, 2) develop a new design approach to CDS with functional characteristics that can improve the adoption of pharmacogenomics guidelines and thus patient safety, and 3) create design guidelines and recommendations for such PGx-CDS tools. PMID:28815136

Routine pharmacogenetic testing in clinical practice: dream or reality?

PubMed

Grossman, Iris

2007-10-01

Pharmacogenetics (PGx) has become progressively popular in recent years, thanks to growing anticipation among scientists, healthcare providers and the general public for the incorporation of genetic tests into the diagnostic arsenal at the physician's disposal. Indeed, much research has been dedicated to elucidation of genetic determinants underlying interindividual variability in pharmacokinetic parameters, as well as drug safety and efficacy. However, few PGx applications have thus far been realized in healthcare management. This review uses examples from PGx research of psychiatric drugs to illustrate why the current published findings are inadequate and insufficient for utilization as routine clinical predictors of treatment safety, efficacy or dosing. I therefore suggest the necessary steps to demonstrate the validity, utility and cost-effectiveness of PGx. These recommendations include a whole range of aspects, starting from standardization of criteria and assessment of the technical quality of genotyping assays, up to design of prospective PGx studies, providing the basis for reimbursement programs to be recognized in routine clinical practice.

Increased plasma PYY levels following supplementation with the functional fiber PolyGlycopleX in healthy adults.

PubMed

Reimer, R A; Pelletier, X; Carabin, I G; Lyon, M; Gahler, R; Parnell, J A; Wood, S

2010-10-01

A variety of dietary fibers have been shown to alter satiety hormone gene expression and secretion. The objective of this study was to examine plasma satiety hormone concentrations in healthy subjects consuming either PolyGlycopleX (PGX) or control (skim milk powder) for 21 days. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study was conducted in 54 healthy male and female adults. Participants consumed 5 g per day of PGX or control for 1 week followed by 2 additional weeks of 10 g per day of assigned product (n=27 per group). Primary outcomes measured at three visits (V1, V2 and V3) were plasma active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) total ghrelin, peptide YY (PYY) and insulin. There was a significant effect of visit for fasting PYY with control participants experiencing decreased PYY levels over time while PGX prevented this decline. When stratified by body mass index (BMI), PGX increased fasting PYY levels from week 1 to week 3 compared with control in participants with BMI <23 kg/m(2). There was a significant effect of visit for fasting ghrelin with levels decreasing in both PGX and control groups over time. No differences were detected in fasting GLP-1 levels. Although there was a 14% reduction in fasting insulin between V1 and V3 with PGX this was not significantly different from control. PGX is a highly viscous, functional fiber that modifies satiety hormone secretion in healthy adults. Its' potential to act similarly in overweight adults warrants investigation.

Making pharmacogenomic-based prescribing alerts more effective: A scenario-based pilot study with physicians.

PubMed

Overby, Casey Lynnette; Devine, Emily Beth; Abernethy, Neil; McCune, Jeannine S; Tarczy-Hornoch, Peter

2015-06-01

To facilitate personalized drug dosing (PDD), this pilot study explored the communication effectiveness and clinical impact of using a prototype clinical decision support (CDS) system embedded in an electronic health record (EHR) to deliver pharmacogenomic (PGx) information to physicians. We employed a conceptual framework and measurement model to access the impact of physician characteristics (previous experience, awareness, relative advantage, perceived usefulness), technology characteristics (methods of implementation-semi-active/active, actionability-low/high) and a task characteristic (drug prescribed) on communication effectiveness (usefulness, confidence in prescribing decision), and clinical impact (uptake, prescribing intent, change in drug dosing). Physicians performed prescribing tasks using five simulated clinical case scenarios, presented in random order within the prototype PGx-CDS system. Twenty-two physicians completed the study. The proportion of physicians that saw a relative advantage to using PGx-CDS was 83% at the start and 94% at the conclusion of our study. Physicians used semi-active alerts 74-88% of the time. There was no association between previous experience with, awareness of, and belief in a relative advantage of using PGx-CDS and improved uptake. The proportion of physicians reporting confidence in their prescribing decisions decreased significantly after using the prototype PGx-CDS system (p=0.02). Despite decreases in confidence, physicians perceived a relative advantage to using PGx-CDS, viewed semi-active alerts on most occasions, and more frequently changed doses toward doses supported by published evidence. Specifically, sixty-five percent of physicians reduced their dosing, significantly for capecitabine (p=0.002) and mercaptopurine/thioguanine (p=0.03). These findings suggest a need to improve our prototype such that PGx CDS content is more useful and delivered in a way that improves physician's confidence in their prescribing decisions. The greatest increases in communication effectiveness and clinical impact of PGx-CDS are likely to be realized through continued focus on content, content delivery, and tailoring to physician characteristics. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Pharmacogenetics in the Brazilian Population

PubMed Central

Suarez-Kurtz, Guilherme

2010-01-01

Brazil is the fifth largest country in the world and its present population, in excess of 190;million, is highly heterogeneous, as a result of centuries of admixture between Amerindians, Europeans, and Sub-Saharan Africans. The estimated individual proportions of biogeographical ancestry vary widely and continuously among Brazilians: most individuals, irrespective of self-identification as White, Brown or Black – the major categories of the Brazilian Census “race/color” system – have significant degrees of European and African ancestry, while a sizeable number display also Amerindian ancestry. These features have important pharmacogenetic (PGx) implications: first, extrapolation of PGx data from relatively well-defined ethnic groups is clearly not applicable to the majority of Brazilians; second, the frequency distribution of polymorphisms in pharmacogenes (e.g., CYP3A5, CYP2C9, GSTM1, ABCB1, GSTM3, VKORC, etc) varies continuously among Brazilians and is not captured by race/color self-identification; third, the intrinsic heterogeneity of the Brazilian population must be acknowledged in the design and interpretation of PGx studies in order to avoid spurious conclusions based on improper matching of study cohorts. The peculiarities of PGx in Brazilians are illustrated with data for different therapeutic groups, such as anticoagulants, HIV protease inhibitors and non-steroidal antinflammatory drugs, and the challenges and advantages created by population admixture for the study and implementation of PGx are discussed. PGx data for Amerindian groups and Brazilian-born, first-generation Japanese are presented to illustrate the rich diversity of the Brazilian population. Finally, I introduce the reader to the Brazilian Pharmacogenetic Network or Refargen1, a nation-wide consortium of research groups, with the mission to provide leadership in PGx research and education in Brazil, with a population health impact. PMID:21833165

The soluble fiber complex PolyGlycopleX lowers serum triglycerides and reduces hepatic steatosis in high-sucrose-fed rats.

PubMed

Reimer, Raylene A; Grover, Gary J; Koetzner, Lee; Gahler, Roland J; Lyon, Michael R; Wood, Simon

2011-04-01

Viscous soluble fibers have been shown to reduce risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The novel functional fiber, PolyGlycopleX (PGX) (InovoBiologic Inc, Calgary, Alberta, Canada) displays greater viscosity than other currently identified soluble fibers. The objective of this study was to determine if PGX lowers serum and hepatic triglycerides (TGs) in a high-sucrose-fed rat model. In this rodent model, feeding a high-sucrose diet consistently increases serum TGs. We hypothesized that consumption of PGX would attenuate hypertriglyceridemia and reduce hepatic steatosis compared with cellulose in rats fed a high-sucrose background diet. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing 65% sucrose and supplemented with either 5% cellulose (control) or 5% PGX (wt/wt) for 43 weeks. At study termination, serum insulin and TGs, hepatic steatosis, and hepatocellular injury were assessed. Body weight increased over time in both groups, but weight gain was attenuated in rats fed PGX vs cellulose in weeks 2 through 22 (P < .05). Serum TGs did not differ from baseline for the first half of the study but consistently increased in the cellulose group thereafter. PolyGlycopleX significantly reduced serum TG to near-baseline levels. At study termination, rats fed PGX had significantly lower hepatic steatosis scores (measured by Sudan black staining) compared with rats fed cellulose. Hepatocellular injury scores did not differ between the groups. In conclusion, PGX reduced serum TG and lipid accumulation in the liver of sucrose-fed rats. Further examination of its potential as a fiber supplement aimed at lessening the burden of hepatic steatosis is warranted. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Consumption of the Soluble Dietary Fibre Complex PolyGlycopleX® Reduces Glycaemia and Increases Satiety of a Standard Meal Postprandially

PubMed Central

Solah, Vicky A.; O’Mara-Wallace, Babette; Meng, Xingqiong; Gahler, Roland J.; Kerr, Deborah A.; James, Anthony P.; Fenton, Haelee K.; Johnson, Stuart K.; Wood, Simon

2016-01-01

The effect of consumption of PolyGlycopleX® (PGX®) was compared to wheat dextrin (WD) in combination with a standard meal, on postprandial satiety and glycaemia in a double-blind, randomised crossover trial, of 14 healthy subjects trained as a satiety panel. At each of six two-hour satiety sessions, subjects consumed one of three different test meals on two separate occasions. The test meals were: a standard meal plus 5 g PGX; a standard meal plus 4.5 g of PGX as softgels; and a standard meal plus 5 g of WD. Subjects recorded fullness using a labelled magnitude scale at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min and the total area under the curve (AUC), mean fullness vs. time was calculated. The meals with PGX (in granular and softgel form) gave higher satiety (AUC) (477 ± 121 and 454 ± 242 cm·min), than the meal with WD (215 ± 261 cm·min) (p < 0.001). Subjects had blood glucose levels measured after the meals with PGX (granules) and WD. Glucose response (AUC) was significantly lower (p < 0.001) after the PGX meal than for the WD meal.  The high viscosity reported for PGX is a likely mechanism behind the significant satiety and blood glucose modulating effects observed in this study. PMID:27164135

Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics: a bridge to individualized cancer therapy

PubMed Central

Weng, Liming; Zhang, Li; Peng, Yan; Huang, R Stephanie

2013-01-01

In the past decade, advances in pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics (PGx) have gradually unveiled the genetic basis of interindividual differences in drug responses. A large portion of these advances have been made in the field of anticancer therapy. Currently, the US FDA has updated the package inserts of approximately 30 anticancer agents to include PGx information. Given the complexity of this genetic information (e.g., tumor mutation and gene overexpression, chromosomal translocation and germline variations), as well as the variable level of scientific evidence, the FDA recommendation and potential action needed varies among drugs. In this review, we have highlighted some of these PGx discoveries for their scientific values and utility in improving therapeutic efficacy and reducing side effects. Furthermore, examples are also provided for the role of PGx in new anticancer drug development by revealing novel druggable targets. PMID:23394393

Company profile: PGXIS Ltd.

PubMed

McCarthy, Alun

2011-09-01

Pharmacogenomic Innovative Solutions Ltd (PGXIS) was established in 2007 by a group of pharmacogenomic (PGx) experts to make their expertise available to biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies. PGXIS has subsequently established a network of experts to broaden its access to relevant PGx knowledge and technologies. In addition, it has developed a novel multivariate analysis method called Taxonomy3 which is both a data integration tool and a targeting tool. Together with siRNA methodology from CytoPathfinder Inc., PGXIS now has an extensive range of diverse PGx methodologies focused on enhancing drug development.

Creating Shareable Clinical Decision Support Rules for a Pharmacogenomics Clinical Guideline Using Structured Knowledge Representation.

PubMed

Linan, Margaret K; Sottara, Davide; Freimuth, Robert R

2015-01-01

Pharmacogenomics (PGx) guidelines contain drug-gene relationships, therapeutic and clinical recommendations from which clinical decision support (CDS) rules can be extracted, rendered and then delivered through clinical decision support systems (CDSS) to provide clinicians with just-in-time information at the point of care. Several tools exist that can be used to generate CDS rules that are based on computer interpretable guidelines (CIG), but none have been previously applied to the PGx domain. We utilized the Unified Modeling Language (UML), the Health Level 7 virtual medical record (HL7 vMR) model, and standard terminologies to represent the semantics and decision logic derived from a PGx guideline, which were then mapped to the Health eDecisions (HeD) schema. The modeling and extraction processes developed here demonstrate how structured knowledge representations can be used to support the creation of shareable CDS rules from PGx guidelines.

Striking a balance in communicating pharmacogenetic test results: promoting comprehension and minimizing adverse psychological and behavioral response.

PubMed

Haga, Susanne B; Mills, Rachel; Bosworth, Hayden

2014-10-01

Pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing can provide information about a patient's likelihood to respond to a medication or experience an adverse event, and be used to inform medication selection and/or dosing. Promoting patient comprehension of PGx test results will be important to improving engagement and understanding of treatment decisions. The discussion in this paper is based on our experiences and the literature on communication of genetic test results for disease risk and broad risk communication strategies. Clinical laboratory reports often describe PGx test results using standard terminology such as 'poor metabolizer' or 'ultra-rapid metabolizer.' While this type of terminology may promote patient recall with its simple, yet descriptive nature, it may be difficult for some patients to comprehend and/or cause adverse psychological or behavioral responses. The language used to communicate results and their significance to patients will be important to consider in order to minimize confusion and potential psychological consequences such as increased anxiety that can adversely impact medication-taking behaviors. Due to patients' unfamiliarity with PGx testing and the potential for confusion, adverse psychological effects, and decreased medication adherence, health providers need to be cognizant of the language used in discussing PGx test results with patients. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effects of a viscous-fibre supplemented evening meal and the following un-supplemented breakfast on post-prandial satiety responses in healthy women.

PubMed

Yong, Mei Kei; Solah, Vicky A; Johnson, Stuart K; Meng, Xingqiong; Kerr, Deborah A; James, Anthony P; Fenton, Haelee K; Gahler, Roland J; Wood, Simon

2016-02-01

The post-prandial satiety response and "second-meal effect" of a viscous fibre supplement PolyGlycopleX(®) (PGX(®)) was evaluated in a single-blind, randomised controlled crossover study of 14 healthy adult women. The two hour post-prandial satiety response, expressed as the area under the curve (AUC) of perceived hunger/fullness score versus post-prandial time, of a standardised evening meal with concurrent intake of either PGX softgel or rice flour softgel (control) was determined. On the following morning, after an overnight fast, the four hour satiety response to a standardised breakfast with no softgel supplementation was assessed. A significantly higher satiety response (AUC) to the standard dinner for the PGX-supplemented dinner compared with the control dinner (p=0.001) was found. No significant difference (p=0.09) was observed in the satiety response (AUC) of the breakfast regardless of which supplemented-dinner had been consumed prior, however the p value indicated a trend towards a higher response to the breakfast following the PGX-supplemented dinner. The fullness scores of the breakfast following the PGX-supplemented dinner at 15, 30, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210 and 240min post-prandial were significantly higher than those for the breakfast following the control dinner (p=<0.001, 0.007, 0.009, 0.009, 0.049, 0.03, 0.003 and <0.001 respectively). PGX supplementation at dinner increased the satiety effects of both the dinner itself and the subsequent un-supplemented breakfast; a "second meal effect" indicting the potential for this fibre supplement to induce extended satiety. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Review of the Reported Measures of Clinical Validity and Clinical Utility as Arguments for the Implementation of Pharmacogenetic Testing: A Case Study of Statin-Induced Muscle Toxicity.

PubMed

Jansen, Marleen E; Rigter, T; Rodenburg, W; Fleur, T M C; Houwink, E J F; Weda, M; Cornel, Martina C

2017-01-01

Advances from pharmacogenetics (PGx) have not been implemented into health care to the expected extent. One gap that will be addressed in this study is a lack of reporting on clinical validity and clinical utility of PGx-tests. A systematic review of current reporting in scientific literature was conducted on publications addressing PGx in the context of statins and muscle toxicity. Eighty-nine publications were included and information was selected on reported measures of effect, arguments, and accompanying conclusions. Most authors report associations to quantify the relationship between a genetic variation an outcome, such as adverse drug responses. Conclusions on the implementation of a PGx-test are generally based on these associations, without explicit mention of other measures relevant to evaluate the test's clinical validity and clinical utility. To gain insight in the clinical impact and select useful tests, additional outcomes are needed to estimate the clinical validity and utility, such as cost-effectiveness.

Challenges to Integrating Pharmacogenetic Testing into Medication Therapy Management

PubMed Central

Allen LaPointe, Nancy M.; Moaddeb, Jivan

2015-01-01

Background Some have proposed the integration of pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing into medication therapy management (MTM) to enable further refinement of treatment(s) to reduce risk of adverse responses and improve efficacy. PGx testing involves the analysis of genetic variants associated with therapeutic or adverse response and may be useful in enhancing the ability to identify ineffective and/or harmful drugs or drug combinations. This “enhanced” MTM might also reduce patient concerns about side effects and increase confidence that the medication is effective, addressing two key factors that impact patient adherence - concern and necessity. However, the feasibility and effectiveness of the integration of PGx testing into MTM in clinical practice has not yet been determined. Objectives In this paper, we consider some of the challenges to the integration and delivery of PGx testing in MTM services. What is already known about this subject While the addition of pharmacogenetic testing has been suggested, little literature exists exploring the challenges or feasibility of doing so. PMID:25803768

Incorporating Pharmacogenomics into Health Information Technology, Electronic Health Record and Decision Support System: An Overview.

PubMed

Alanazi, Abdullah

2017-02-01

As the adoption of information technology in healthcare is rising, the potentiality of moving Pharmacogenomics from benchside to bedside is aggravated. This paper reviews the current status of Pharmacogenomics (PGx) information and the attempts for incorporating them into the Electronic Health Record (EHR) system through Decision Support Systems (DSSs). Rigorous review strategies of PGx information and providing context-relevant recommendations in form of action plan- dose adjustment, lab tests rather than just information- would be ideal for making clinical recommendations out of PGx information. Lastly, realistic projections of what pharmacogenomics can provide is another important aspect in incorporating Pharmacogenomics into health information technology.

Effect on body weight and composition in overweight/obese Australian adults over 12 months consumption of two different types of fibre supplementation in a randomized trial.

PubMed

Pal, Sebely; Ho, Suleen; Gahler, Roland J; Wood, Simon

2016-01-01

Higher fibre intakes are associated with risk reduction for chronic diseases. However, many people find difficulty in consuming sufficient fibre through their diet. Supplements may be an effective alternative. We aimed to investigate the effects of PolyGlycopleX® (PGX®), a proprietary polysaccharide complex and a proprietary Psyllium product (PgxSyl™) (PSY) on diet, body weight and composition in overweight and obese individuals. This was a double-blind 52 weeks study with 159 people randomized to 3 groups: control (rice flour); PGX (PGX) and proprietary psyllium (PSY). Participants did not change any of their usual habits or diet except they consumed 5 g of supplement taken with a total of 500 ml of water 5-10 min before meals. Weight was significantly lower in the PGX group compared to control at 3 (-1.6 kg [0.57, 2.67, p  = 0.003]), 6 (-2.6 kg [1.01, 4.13, p  = 0.001]) and 12 months (-2.6 kg [0.59, 4.64, p  = 0.012]) and in the PSY group compared to control group at 3 (-1.1 kg [0.07, 2.12, p  = 0.037]) and 6 months (-2.4 kg [0.95, 3.93, p  = 0.002]). This was a difference of - 2.8% for the PGX group and - 1.5% for the PSY group compared to control after 12 months supplementation. Body Fat was significantly lower in PGX compared to control at 6 (-1.8 kg [0.63, 2.95, p  = 0.003]) and 12 months (-1.9 kg [0.43, 3.36, p  = 0.012]) and in PSY compared to control at 6 (-1.9 kg [0.84, 3.04, p  = 0.001]) and 12 months (-1.4 kg [0.08, 2.71, p  = 0.038]). PGX was better than PSY at maintaining dietary changes and weight loss over the 12 month intervention period, with no change to exercise. A simple strategy of PGX supplementation may offer an effective solution to long-term weight-loss and then management without the need for other nutrient modification. ANZCTR: ACTRN12611000415909. Registered 20 April 2011.

Impact of Gene Patents and Licensing Practices on Access to Genetic Testing for Long QT Syndrome

PubMed Central

Angrist, Misha; Chandrasekharan, Subhashini; Heaney, Christopher; Cook-Deegan, Robert

2010-01-01

Genetic testing for Long QT syndrome (LQTS) exemplifies patenting and exclusive licensing with different outcomes at different times. Exclusive licensing from the University of Utah changed the business model from sole provider to two US providers of LQTS testing. LQTS is associated with mutations in many genes, ten of which are now tested by two competing firms in the United States, PGxHealth and GeneDx. Until 2009, PGxHealth was sole provider, based largely on exclusive rights to patents from the University of Utah and other academic institutions. University of Utah patents were initially licensed to DNA Sciences, whose patent rights were acquired by Gennaissance, and then by Clinical Data, Inc., which owns PGxHealth. In 2002, DNA Sciences “cleared the market” by sending cease and desist patent enforcement letters to university and reference laboratories offering LQTS genetic testing. There was no test on the market for a one- to two-year period. From 2005-2008, most LQTS-related patents were controlled by Clinical Data, Inc., and its subsidiary PGxHealth. BioReference Laboratories, Inc., secured countervailing exclusive patent rights starting in 2006, also from the University of Utah, and broke the PGxHealth monopoly in early 2009, creating a duopoly for genetic testing in the United States, and expanding the number of genes for which commercial testing is available from five to ten. PMID:20393304

Personalized medicine and rescuing "unsafe" drugs with pharmacogenomics: a regulatory perspective.

PubMed

Avery, Matthew

2010-01-01

The sequencing of the human genome and the revolution it has caused in biomedical science created hope for a new era in the prevention and treatment of serious illnesses. In the area of drug development, much of this hope is focused in the field of pharmacogenomics (PGx), which is the study of how individual genetic differences affect drug response. Many people expected advances in pharmacogenomics to lead to the rapid development of new "personalized medicines," where drugs and dosages could be tailored specifically to a patient's genotype. However, pharmacogenomics has largely failed to meet these expectations and the Food and Drug Administration has only approved a handful of drugs that rely on PGx data. This article evaluates how FDA regulates the use of pharmacogenomics and discusses how the current regulatory scheme fails to provide an adequate route for developing personalized medicine. The article then proposes modifying the current regulatory regime to encourage development of PGx-based drugs by either allowing PGx-based drugs to be approved with unvalidated biomarkers if the sponsor commits to Phase IV studies or using the Orphan Drug Act to provide economic incentives.

Combined action of the major secreted exo- and endopolygalacturonases is required for full virulence of Fusarium oxysporum.

PubMed

Bravo Ruiz, Gustavo; Di Pietro, Antonio; Roncero, M Isabel G

2016-04-01

The genome of the tomato pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici encodes eight different polygalacturonases (PGs): four endoPGs and four exoPGs. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed that endoPGs pg1 and pg5 and exoPGs pgx4 and pgx6 are expressed at significant levels during growth on citrus pectin, polygalacturonic acid or the monomer galacturonic acid, as well as during the infection of tomato plants. The remaining PG genes exhibit low expression levels under all the conditions tested. Secreted PG activity was decreased significantly during growth on pectin in the single deletion mutants lacking either pg1 or pgx6, as well as in the double mutant. Although the single deletion mutants did not display a significant virulence reduction on tomato plants, the Δpg1Δpgx6 double mutant was significantly attenuated in virulence. The combined action of exoPGs and endoPGs is thus essential for plant infection by the vascular wilt fungus F. oxysporum. © 2015 BSPP and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Effect of PGX, a novel functional fibre supplement, on subjective ratings of appetite in overweight and obese women consuming a 3-day structured, low-calorie diet.

PubMed

Kacinik, V; Lyon, M; Purnama, M; Reimer, R A; Gahler, R; Green, T J; Wood, S

2011-12-12

Dietary factors that help control perceived hunger might improve adherence to calorie-reduced diets. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of supplementing a three-day, low-calorie diet with PolyGlycopleX (PGX), a highly viscous fibre, on subjective ratings of appetite compared with a placebo. In a double-blind crossover design with a 3-week washout, 45 women (aged 38±9 years, body mass index 29.9±2.8 kg m(-2)) were randomised to consume a 1000-kcal per day diet for 3 days, supplemented with 5 g of PGX or placebo at each of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Subjective appetite was assessed using 100 mm visual analogue scales that were completed daily before, between and after consumption of meals. Thirty-five women completed the study. Consumption of PGX compared with placebo led to significantly lower mean area under the curve for hunger on day 3 (440.4 versus 375.4; P=0.048), prospective consumption on day 3 (471.0 versus 401.8; P=0.017) and the overall 3-day average (468.6 versus 420.2; P=0.026). More specifically, on day 3 PGX significantly reduced total appetite, hunger, desire to eat and prospective consumption for 2.5 and 4.5 h after lunch and before dinner times, with hunger also being reduced 2.5 h after dinner (P<0.05). The results show that adding 5 g of PGX to meals during consumption of a low-calorie diet reduces subjective ratings of prospective consumption and increases the feelings of satiety, especially during afternoon and evening. This highly viscous polysaccharide may be a useful adjunct to weight-loss interventions involving significant caloric reductions.

Progress in pharmacogenetics: consortiums and new strategies.

PubMed

Maroñas, Olalla; Latorre, Ana; Dopazo, Joaquín; Pirmohamed, Munir; Rodríguez-Antona, Cristina; Siest, Gérard; Carracedo, Ángel; LLerena, Adrián

2016-03-01

Pharmacogenetics (PGx), as a field dedicated to achieving the goal of personalized medicine (PM), is devoted to the study of genes involved in inter-individual response to drugs. Due to its nature, PGx requires access to large samples; therefore, in order to progress, the formation of collaborative consortia seems to be crucial. Some examples of this collective effort are the European Society of Pharmacogenomics and personalized Therapy and the Ibero-American network of Pharmacogenetics. As an emerging field, one of the major challenges that PGx faces is translating their discoveries from research bench to bedside. The development of genomic high-throughput technologies is generating a revolution and offers the possibility of producing vast amounts of genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms for each patient. Moreover, there is a need of identifying and replicating associations of new biomarkers, and, in addition, a greater effort must be invested in developing regulatory organizations to accomplish a correct standardization. In this review, we outline the current progress in PGx using examples to highlight both the importance of polymorphisms and the research strategies for their detection. These concepts need to be applied together with a proper dissemination of knowledge to improve clinician and patient understanding, in a multidisciplinary team-based approach.

Preemptive Genotyping for Personalized Medicine: Design of the Right Drug, Right Dose, Right Time – Using Genomic Data to Individualize Treatment Protocol

PubMed Central

Bielinski, Suzette J.; Olson, Janet E.; Pathak, Jyotishman; Weinshilboum, Richard M.; Wang, Liewei; Lyke, Kelly J.; Ryu, Euijung; Targonski, Paul V.; Van Norstrand, Michael D.; Hathcock, Matthew A.; Takahashi, Paul Y.; McCormick, Jennifer B.; Johnson, Kiley J.; Maschke, Karen J.; Rohrer Vitek, Carolyn R.; Ellingson, Marissa S.; Wieben, Eric D.; Farrugia, Gianrico; Morrisette, Jody A.; Kruckeberg, Keri J.; Bruflat, Jamie K.; Peterson, Lisa M.; Blommel, Joseph H.; Skierka, Jennifer M.; Ferber, Matthew J.; Black, John L.; Baudhuin, Linnea M.; Klee, Eric W.; Ross, Jason L.; Veldhuizen, Tamra L.; Schultz, Cloann G.; Caraballo, Pedro J.; Freimuth, Robert R.; Chute, Christopher G.; Kullo, Iftikhar J.

2014-01-01

Objective To report the design and implementation of the Right Drug, Right Dose, Right Time: Using Genomic Data to Individualize Treatment Protocol that was developed to test the concept that prescribers can deliver genome guided therapy at the point-of-care by using preemptive pharmacogenomics (PGx) data and clinical decision support (CDS) integrated in the electronic medical record (EMR). Patients and Methods We used a multivariable prediction model to identify patients with a high risk of initiating statin therapy within 3 years. The model was used to target a study cohort most likely to benefit from preemptive PGx testing among Mayo Clinic Biobank participants with a recruitment goal of 1000 patients. Cox proportional hazards model was utilized using the variables selected through the Lasso shrinkage method. An operational CDS model was adapted to implement PGx rules within the EMR. Results The prediction model included age, sex, race, and 6 chronic diseases categorized by the Clinical Classifications Software for ICD-9 codes (dyslipidemia, diabetes, peripheral atherosclerosis, disease of the blood-forming organs, coronary atherosclerosis and other heart diseases, and hypertension). Of the 2000 Biobank participants invited, 50% provided blood samples, 13% refused, 28% did not respond, and 9% consented but did not provide a blood sample within the recruitment window (October 4, 2012 – March 20, 2013). Preemptive PGx testing included CYP2D6 genotyping and targeted sequencing of 84 PGx genes. Synchronous real-time CDS is integrated in the EMR and flags potential patient-specific drug-gene interactions and provides therapeutic guidance. Conclusion These interventions will improve understanding and implementation of genomic data in clinical practice. PMID:24388019

A Discrete Event Simulation Model to Assess the Economic Value of a Hypothetical Pharmacogenomics Test for Statin-Induced Myopathy in Patients Initiating a Statin in Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention.

PubMed

Mitchell, Dominic; Guertin, Jason R; Dubois, Anick; Dubé, Marie-Pierre; Tardif, Jean-Claude; Iliza, Ange Christelle; Fanton-Aita, Fiorella; Matteau, Alexis; LeLorier, Jacques

2018-04-01

Statin (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor) therapy is the mainstay dyslipidemia treatment and reduces the risk of a cardiovascular (CV) event (CVE) by up to 35%. However, adherence to statin therapy is poor. One reason patients discontinue statin therapy is musculoskeletal pain and the associated risk of rhabdomyolysis. Research is ongoing to develop a pharmacogenomics (PGx) test for statin-induced myopathy as an alternative to the current diagnosis method, which relies on creatine kinase levels. The potential economic value of a PGx test for statin-induced myopathy is unknown. We developed a lifetime discrete event simulation (DES) model for patients 65 years of age initiating a statin after a first CVE consisting of either an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or a stroke. The model evaluates the potential economic value of a hypothetical PGx test for diagnosing statin-induced myopathy. We have assessed the model over the spectrum of test sensitivity and specificity parameters. Our model showed that a strategy with a perfect PGx test had an incremental cost-utility ratio of 4273 Canadian dollars ($Can) per quality-adjusted life year (QALY). The probabilistic sensitivity analysis shows that when the payer willingness-to-pay per QALY reaches $Can12,000, the PGx strategy is favored in 90% of the model simulations. We found that a strategy favoring patients staying on statin therapy is cost effective even if patients maintained on statin are at risk of rhabdomyolysis. Our results are explained by the fact that statins are highly effective in reducing the CV risk in patients at high CV risk, and this benefit largely outweighs the risk of rhabdomyolysis.

Supplementation of the diet with the functional fiber PolyGlycoplex is well tolerated by healthy subjects in a clinical trial.

PubMed

Carabin, Ioana G; Lyon, Michael R; Wood, Simon; Pelletier, Xavier; Donazzolo, Yves; Burdock, George A

2009-02-05

The relationship of dietary fiber to overall health is of great importance, as beneficial effects have been demonstrated with the use of fiber from diverse sources, some traditional, other novel. PolyGlycopleX (PGX) is a unique proprietary product composed of three water-soluble polysaccharides, that when processed using novel technology give rise to a final product - a soluble, highly viscous functional fiber. Because of its potential use in food and dietary supplements, a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical study was conducted to evaluate the tolerance to PGX ingestion for 21 days, to a maximum dose level of 10 g per day, in healthy male and female volunteers. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the overall gastrointestinal (GI) tolerance, while secondary objectives were to evaluate possible changes in hematological, biochemical, urinary and fecal parameters. Results show that PGX is well tolerated as part of a regular diet with only mild to moderate adverse effects, similar to those seen with a moderate intake of dietary fiber in general, and fruits and vegetables. Because PGX is a highly viscous, functional fiber, it also demonstrates several physiological responses including, but not limited to maintaining healthy total and LDL cholesterol and uric acid levels.

Preemptive genotyping for personalized medicine: design of the right drug, right dose, right time-using genomic data to individualize treatment protocol.

PubMed

Bielinski, Suzette J; Olson, Janet E; Pathak, Jyotishman; Weinshilboum, Richard M; Wang, Liewei; Lyke, Kelly J; Ryu, Euijung; Targonski, Paul V; Van Norstrand, Michael D; Hathcock, Matthew A; Takahashi, Paul Y; McCormick, Jennifer B; Johnson, Kiley J; Maschke, Karen J; Rohrer Vitek, Carolyn R; Ellingson, Marissa S; Wieben, Eric D; Farrugia, Gianrico; Morrisette, Jody A; Kruckeberg, Keri J; Bruflat, Jamie K; Peterson, Lisa M; Blommel, Joseph H; Skierka, Jennifer M; Ferber, Matthew J; Black, John L; Baudhuin, Linnea M; Klee, Eric W; Ross, Jason L; Veldhuizen, Tamra L; Schultz, Cloann G; Caraballo, Pedro J; Freimuth, Robert R; Chute, Christopher G; Kullo, Iftikhar J

2014-01-01

To report the design and implementation of the Right Drug, Right Dose, Right Time-Using Genomic Data to Individualize Treatment protocol that was developed to test the concept that prescribers can deliver genome-guided therapy at the point of care by using preemptive pharmacogenomics (PGx) data and clinical decision support (CDS) integrated into the electronic medical record (EMR). We used a multivariate prediction model to identify patients with a high risk of initiating statin therapy within 3 years. The model was used to target a study cohort most likely to benefit from preemptive PGx testing among the Mayo Clinic Biobank participants, with a recruitment goal of 1000 patients. We used a Cox proportional hazards model with variables selected through the Lasso shrinkage method. An operational CDS model was adapted to implement PGx rules within the EMR. The prediction model included age, sex, race, and 6 chronic diseases categorized by the Clinical Classifications Software for International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes (dyslipidemia, diabetes, peripheral atherosclerosis, disease of the blood-forming organs, coronary atherosclerosis and other heart diseases, and hypertension). Of the 2000 Biobank participants invited, 1013 (51%) provided blood samples, 256 (13%) declined participation, 555 (28%) did not respond, and 176 (9%) consented but did not provide a blood sample within the recruitment window (October 4, 2012, through March 20, 2013). Preemptive PGx testing included CYP2D6 genotyping and targeted sequencing of 84 PGx genes. Synchronous real-time CDS was integrated into the EMR and flagged potential patient-specific drug-gene interactions and provided therapeutic guidance. This translational project provides an opportunity to begin to evaluate the impact of preemptive sequencing and EMR-driven genome-guided therapy. These interventions will improve understanding and implementation of genomic data in clinical practice. Copyright © 2014 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Clinical Application of Pharmacogenetics: Where are We Now?

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing has the potential to improve drug therapy in an individual by informing appropriate drug dosing or drug selection in order to maximize efficacy and safety. Although multiple studies have illustrated the potential benefits of such testing when applied to specific drugs across a broad range of therapy areas, the uptake of PGx testing in routine clinical practice has been relatively limited. Implementation appears to be hampered by the absence of sufficiently strong evidence linking the results of testing with actionable benefits in terms of clinical outcomes. Meanwhile, there are now adequate data to allow dosing recommendations as have been developed by bodies including the Dutch Pharmacogenetics Working Group (DPWG) and the Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) in several settings, including TPMT/thiopurines, CYP2C19/clopidogrel, CYP2D6/codeine, VKORC1-CYP2C9/warfarin, HLA-B*5701/abacavir, SLCO1B1/simvastatin and HLAB*5801/allopurinol. The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) and the International Association of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Clinical Toxicology (IATDMCT) have also recently initiated surveys in order to better understand the extent of, and the role played by, PGx testing in clinical practice. This should help identify where further training and education may be beneficial. To this end, in collaboration with ESPT, the IFCC Pharmacogenetic Laboratory Network has now been formed, with the aim of improving the uptake and quality of PGx testing. PMID:27683445

75 FR 54347 - Draft Guidance for Industry: Bar Code Label Requirements-Questions and Answers (Question 12...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-07

...] Draft Guidance for Industry: Bar Code Label Requirements-- Questions and Answers (Question 12 Update... Administration (FDA) is announcing the availability of a draft document entitled ``Guidance for Industry: Bar... guidance provides you, manufacturers of a licensed vaccine, with advice concerning compliance with the bar...

Pharmacogenetics-guided analgesics in major abdominal surgery: Further benefits within an enhanced recovery protocol.

PubMed

Senagore, Anthony J; Champagne, Bradley J; Dosokey, Eslam; Brady, Justin; Steele, Scott R; Reynolds, Harry L; Stein, Sharon L; Delaney, Conor P

2017-03-01

Effective, narcotic sparing analgesia is a major component of Enhanced Recovery Protocols (ERP), however the risk of poor analgesia and opioid related side effects (ORADE) remains an issue related to poor outcomes and satisfaction, and is strongly related to the risk of narcotic dependence after surgery. A variety of genes can impact narcotic and non-steroidal (NSAID) drug efficacy including: the CYP family (drug metabolism-narcotics and NSAID), or COMT/ABCB1/OPRM1 (functional receptor and transport activity for analgesia vs side effects). The purpose of this study was to perform the first assessment of the impact of a pharmacogenetics (PGx) guided selection of analgesics following major abdominal surgery within an ERP. A consecutive series of open and laparoscopic colorectal resections or major ventral hernia repair (PGx group) had a guided analgesic protocol based upon assessment of CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, COMT, OPRM1, and ABCB1 genes. Study patients were compared to a recent historical series of patients (H group) managed using our well validated ERP. The primary outcome measure was the Overall Benefit of Analgesia Score (OBAS). Pain scores were also assessed. The data demonstrated a similar mix of procedures and gender between groups and more than half of the PGx group had revised analgesia from the standard ERP. The PGx group demonstrated significantly lower OBAS scores (p = 0.0.1) from POD1 (3.8 vs 5.4) through POD 5 (3.0 vs 4.5) Analgesia was also superior for the PGx group from POD1 through POD 5 (p = 0.04). Pharmacogenetics guidance resulted in frequent modifications of the analgesic program, resulting in excellent analgesia with a 50% reduction in narcotic consumption, and a reduced incidence of analgesic related side effects compared to our standard ERP. These data suggest further improvement in ERP resulting from a patient centric analgesic, reduced narcotic regimen which provides early and durable pain control with fewer narcotic related side effects. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Population-specific documentation of pharmacogenomic markers and their allelic frequencies in FINDbase.

PubMed

Georgitsi, Marianthi; Viennas, Emmanouil; Gkantouna, Vassiliki; Christodoulopoulou, Elena; Zagoriti, Zoi; Tafrali, Christina; Ntellos, Fotios; Giannakopoulou, Olga; Boulakou, Athanassia; Vlahopoulou, Panagiota; Kyriacou, Eva; Tsaknakis, John; Tsakalidis, Athanassios; Poulas, Konstantinos; Tzimas, Giannis; Patrinos, George P

2011-01-01

Population and ethnic group-specific allele frequencies of pharmacogenomic markers are poorly documented and not systematically collected in structured data repositories. We developed the Frequency of Inherited Disorders Pharmacogenomics database (FINDbase-PGx), a separate module of the FINDbase, aiming to systematically document pharmacogenomic allele frequencies in various populations and ethnic groups worldwide. We critically collected and curated 214 scientific articles reporting pharmacogenomic markers allele frequencies in various populations and ethnic groups worldwide. Subsequently, in order to host the curated data, support data visualization and data mining, we developed a website application, utilizing Microsoft™ PivotViewer software. Curated allelic frequency data pertaining to 144 pharmacogenomic markers across 14 genes, representing approximately 87,000 individuals from 150 populations worldwide, are currently included in FINDbase-PGx. A user-friendly query interface allows for easy data querying, based on numerous content criteria, such as population, ethnic group, geographical region, gene, drug and rare allele frequency. FINDbase-PGx is a comprehensive database, which, unlike other pharmacogenomic knowledgebases, fulfills the much needed requirement to systematically document pharmacogenomic allelic frequencies in various populations and ethnic groups worldwide.

77 FR 25504 - Draft Emergency Preparedness Frequently Asked Questions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-30

... NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION [NRC-2012-0098] Draft Emergency Preparedness Frequently Asked... comment Emergency Preparedness (EP) frequently asked questions (EPFAQs). These EPFAQs will be used to... Emergency Preparedness Frequently Asked Questions is available electronically under ADAMS Accession Number...

How to Make Your Questions Essential

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wiggins, Grant; Wilbur, Denise

2015-01-01

Good essential questions rarely emerge in the first draft. Common first-draft questions typically are convergent low-level questions designed to support content acquisition. They either point toward the one official "right" answer, or they elicit mere lists and thus no further inquiry. So how can teachers ensure that subsequent drafts…

Analgesia and Opioids: A Pharmacogenetics Shortlist for Implementation in Clinical Practice.

PubMed

Matic, Maja; de Wildt, Saskia N; Tibboel, Dick; van Schaik, Ron H N

2017-07-01

The use of opioids to alleviate pain is complicated by the risk of severe adverse events and the large variability in dose requirements. Pharmacogenetics (PGx) could possibly be used to tailor pain medication based on an individual's genetic background. Many potential genetic markers have been described, and the importance of genetic predisposition in opioid efficacy and toxicity has been demonstrated in knockout mouse models and human twin studies. Such predictors are especially of value for neonates and young children, in whom the assessment of efficacy or side effects is complicated by the inability of the patient to communicate this properly. The current problem is determining which of the many potential candidates to focus on for clinical implementation. We systematically searched publications on PGx for opioids in 5 databases, aiming to identify PGx markers with sufficient robust data and high enough occurrence for potential clinical application. The initial search yielded 4257 unique citations, eventually resulting in 852 relevant articles covering 24 genes. From these genes, we evaluated the evidence and selected the most promising 10 markers: cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily D member 6 ( CYP2D6 ), cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 ( CYP3A4 ), cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 5 ( CYP3A5 ), UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 2 member B7 ( UGT2B7 ), ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 ( ABCB1 ), ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 3 ( ABCC3 ), solute carrier family 22 member 1 ( SLC22A1 ), opioid receptor kappa 1 ( OPRM1 ), catechol- O -methyltransferase ( COMT ), and potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J member 6 ( KCNJ6 ). Treatment guidelines based on genotype are already available only for CYP2D6 . The application of PGx in the management of pain with opioids has the potential to improve therapy. We provide a shortlist of 10 genes that are the most promising markers for clinical use in this context. © 2016 American Association for Clinical Chemistry.

78 FR 29140 - Center for Devices and Radiological Health Appeals Processes: Questions and Answers About 517A...

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78 FR 49271 - Draft Guidance for Industry on Frequently Asked Questions About Medical Foods; Second Edition...

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... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration [Docket No. FDA-2013-D-0880] Draft Guidance for Industry on Frequently Asked Questions About Medical Foods; Second Edition... guidance for industry entitled ``Frequently Asked Questions About Medical Foods; Second Edition.'' This...

Japan PGx Data Science Consortium Database: SNPs and HLA genotype data from 2994 Japanese healthy individuals for pharmacogenomics studies.

PubMed

Kamitsuji, Shigeo; Matsuda, Takashi; Nishimura, Koichi; Endo, Seiko; Wada, Chisa; Watanabe, Kenji; Hasegawa, Koichi; Hishigaki, Haretsugu; Masuda, Masatoshi; Kuwahara, Yusuke; Tsuritani, Katsuki; Sugiura, Kenkichi; Kubota, Tomoko; Miyoshi, Shinji; Okada, Kinya; Nakazono, Kazuyuki; Sugaya, Yuki; Yang, Woosung; Sawamoto, Taiji; Uchida, Wataru; Shinagawa, Akira; Fujiwara, Tsutomu; Yamada, Hisaharu; Suematsu, Koji; Tsutsui, Naohisa; Kamatani, Naoyuki; Liou, Shyh-Yuh

2015-06-01

Japan Pharmacogenomics Data Science Consortium (JPDSC) has assembled a database for conducting pharmacogenomics (PGx) studies in Japanese subjects. The database contains the genotypes of 2.5 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 5 human leukocyte antigen loci from 2994 Japanese healthy volunteers, as well as 121 kinds of clinical information, including self-reports, physiological data, hematological data and biochemical data. In this article, the reliability of our data was evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA) and association analysis for hematological and biochemical traits by using genome-wide SNP data. PCA of the SNPs showed that all the samples were collected from the Japanese population and that the samples were separated into two major clusters by birthplace, Okinawa and other than Okinawa, as had been previously reported. Among 87 SNPs that have been reported to be associated with 18 hematological and biochemical traits in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), the associations of 56 SNPs were replicated using our data base. Statistical power simulations showed that the sample size of the JPDSC control database is large enough to detect genetic markers having a relatively strong association even when the case sample size is small. The JPDSC database will be useful as control data for conducting PGx studies to explore genetic markers to improve the safety and efficacy of drugs either during clinical development or in post-marketing.

76 FR 4360 - Draft Guidance for Industry: Questions and Answers Regarding Implementation of the Menu Labeling...

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78 FR 52570 - Draft Emergency Preparedness Frequently Asked Questions

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2013-08-23

... NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION [NRC-2013-0197] Draft Emergency Preparedness Frequently Asked... comment. SUMMARY: The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is making available for comment Emergency Preparedness (EP) frequently asked questions (EPFAQs) No. 2013-004, No. 2013-006, and No. 2013-007. These...

75 FR 6064 - Draft Emergency Action Level Frequently Asked Questions; Request for Comment

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An integrated bioinformatics infrastructure essential for advancing pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine in the context of the FDA's Critical Path Initiative.

PubMed

Tong, Weida; Harris, Stephen C; Fang, Hong; Shi, Leming; Perkins, Roger; Goodsaid, Federico; Frueh, Felix W

2007-01-01

Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is identified in the FDA Critical Path document as a major opportunity for advancing medical product development and personalized medicine. An integrated bioinformatics infrastructure for use in FDA data review is crucial to realize the benefits of PGx for public health. We have developed an integrated bioinformatics tool, called ArrayTrack, for managing, analyzing and interpreting genomic and other biomarker data (e.g. proteomic and metabolomic data). ArrayTrack is a highly flexible and robust software platform, which allows evolving with technological advances and changing user needs. ArrayTrack is used in the routine review of genomic data submitted to the FDA; here, three hypothetical examples of its use in the Voluntary eXploratory Data Submission (VXDS) program are illustrated.: © Published by Elsevier Ltd.

75 FR 47856 - Draft Emergency Action Level Frequently Asked Questions; Request for Comment

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-09

... provide clarification of guidance submitted by the Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) and endorsed by the NRC... NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION [NRC-2010-0273] Draft Emergency Action Level Frequently Asked Questions; Request for Comment AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice of availability and...

Revision strategies of deaf student writers.

PubMed

Livingston, S

1989-03-01

Deaf high school students at different schools shared second drafts of their own narratives via an electronic bulletin board after conferencing with their repective teachers. This article characterizes the kinds of questions teachers asked during the conferences and the kinds of revisions the students made between first and second drafts. Results indicate that teachers most often ask questions that require student to provide more information; yet these questions do not affect revision as much as questions which require students to rephrase specific language. Students typically either added or substituted words or phrases that showed both similarities to and differences from the revision patterns of inexperienced writers with normal hearing. In the majority of cases, trained readers rated the deaf students' revised drafts better than their first attempts, signifying the central role revision plays in the composition process.

75 FR 29350 - Draft Guidance for Industry: Questions and Answers Regarding the Reportable Food Registry as...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-25

...] Draft Guidance for Industry: Questions and Answers Regarding the Reportable Food Registry as Established.... The agency is also seeking comments from industry on the Reportable Food Registry requirements, and... the implementation of the Reportable Food Registry on September 8, 2009, and informs industry about...

Normalized Legal Drafting and the Query Method.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allen, Layman E.; Engholm, C. Rudy

1978-01-01

Normalized legal drafting, a mode of expressing ideas in legal documents so that the syntax that relates the constituent propositions is simplified and standardized, and the query method, a question-asking activity that teaches normalized drafting and provides practice, are examined. Some examples are presented. (JMD)

Questions to Consider When Reviewing Draft WIOA State Plans. WIOA Game Plan for Low-Income People

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Center for Law and Social Policy, Inc. (CLASP), 2016

2016-01-01

As states release draft Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) state plans for public comment, advocates and other stakeholders have an important opportunity to improve them. The Center for Law and Social Policy (CLASP) is offering a list of questions, which is included in this document, to consider when reviewing state plans. These…

78 FR 18665 - Proposed Keystone XL Project; Public Meeting Following Release of the Draft Supplemental Impact...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-27

... Keystone XL pipeline. The document is a draft technical review of potential environmental impacts. It does... responding to questions or comments at the meeting. Written comments will also be accepted. The date... comments on the Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement in written form. Department of State...

76 FR 80368 - Notification of Teleconferences of the Science Advisory Board Biogenic Carbon Emissions Panel

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-23

... Accounting Framework for Biogenic CO2 Emissions from Stationary Sources (September 2011). DATES: The... teleconferences to discuss draft responses to charge questions on EPA's draft Accounting Framework for Biogenic CO... (OAP) in EPA's Office of Air and Radiation requested SAB review of the draft report and accounting...

Effect of Fibre Supplementation on Body Weight and Composition, Frequency of Eating and Dietary Choice in Overweight Individuals

PubMed Central

Solah, Vicky A.; Kerr, Deborah A.; Hunt, Wendy J.; Johnson, Stuart K.; Boushey, Carol J.; Delp, Edward J.; Meng, Xingqiong; Gahler, Roland J.; James, Anthony P.; Mukhtar, Aqif S.; Fenton, Haelee K.; Wood, Simon

2017-01-01

Fibre supplementation can potentially reduce energy intake and contribute to weight loss. The mechanism may be reduced frequency of eating, resulting in reduced food consumption. The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of fibre supplementation with PolyGlycopleX® (PGX®), on body weight and composition, frequency of eating and dietary intake in 118 overweight adults. In a three-arm, parallel, blind, randomised controlled trial participants were randomised to one of three groups; 4.5 g PGX as softgels (PGXS), 5 g PGX granules (PGXG) or 5 g rice flour (RF) control. Prior to supplementation and at 12 weeks, participants captured before and after images of all food and beverages consumed within 4 days using a mobile food record app (mFR). The mFR images were analysed for food group serving sizes and number of eating occasions. In the PGXG group, intention-to-treat analysis showed there was a significant reduction in waist circumference (2.5 cm; p = 0.003). Subgroup analysis showed that PGXG supplementation at the recommended dose resulted in a reduction in body weight (−1.4 ± 0.10 kg, p < 0.01), body mass index (BMI) reduction (−0.5 ± 0.10, p < 0.01), reduced number of eating occasions (−1.4 ± 1.2, p < 0.01) and a reduced intake of grain food (−1.52 ± 1.84 serves, p = 0.019). PGXG at the recommended dose resulted in a reduction in weight and BMI which was significantly greater than that for RF (p = 0.001). These results demonstrate the potential benefits of PGX fibre in controlling frequency of eating and in weight loss. PMID:28212353

Effect of Fibre Supplementation on Body Weight and  Composition, Frequency of Eating and Dietary  Choice in Overweight Individuals.

PubMed

Solah, Vicky A; Kerr, Deborah A; Hunt, Wendy J; Johnson, Stuart K; Boushey, Carol J; Delp, Edward J; Meng, Xingqiong; Gahler, Roland J; James, Anthony P; Mukhtar, Aqif S; Fenton, Haelee K; Wood, Simon

2017-02-16

Fibre supplementation can potentially reduce energy intake and contribute to weight loss. The mechanism may be reduced frequency of eating, resulting in reduced food consumption. The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of fibre supplementation with PolyGlycopleX® (PGX®), on body weight and composition, frequency of eating and dietary intake in 118 overweight adults. In a three-arm, parallel, blind, randomised controlled trial participants were randomised to one of three groups; 4.5 g PGX as softgels (PGXS), 5 g PGX granules (PGXG) or 5 g rice flour (RF) control. Prior to supplementation and at 12 weeks, participants captured before and after images of all food and beverages consumed within 4 days using a mobile food record app (mFR). The mFR images were analysed for food group serving sizes and number of eating occasions. In the PGXG group, intention-to-treat analysis showed there was a significant reduction in waist circumference (2.5 cm; p = 0.003). Subgroup analysis showed that PGXG supplementation at the recommended dose resulted in a reduction in body weight (-1.4 ± 0.10 kg, p < 0.01), body mass index (BMI) reduction (-0.5 ± 0.10, p < 0.01), reduced number of eating occasions (-1.4 ± 1.2, p < 0.01) and a reduced intake of grain food (-1.52 ± 1.84 serves, p = 0.019). PGXG at the recommended dose resulted in a reduction in weight and BMI which was significantly greater than that for RF (p = 0.001). These results demonstrate the potential benefits of PGX fibre in controlling frequency of eating and in weight loss.

The 1944 Nisei Draft at Heart Mountain, Wyoming: Its Relationship to the Historical Representation of the World War II Japanese American Evacuation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hansen, Arthur A.

1996-01-01

Presents a lesson plan that not only illuminates a little-known incident in Asian American history but also questions how history is constructed and communicated. Provides an excellent historical account of the draft resistance movement within the Nisei internment camps during World War II. Includes handouts and discussion questions. (MJP)

77 FR 4360 - Notice of Availability of the Draft Environmental Impact Statement for the Hycroft Mine Expansion...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-27

... comments related to the Hycroft Mine Expansion Draft EIS by any of the following methods: Web site: www.blm..., Nevada 89445, Attn. Kathleen Rehberg. Copies of the Hycroft Mine Expansion Draft EIS are available in the... hours. The FIRS is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, to leave a message or question with the...

78 FR 72122 - Draft Emergency Preparedness Frequently Asked Questions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-02

... NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION [NRC-2013-0262] Draft Emergency Preparedness Frequently Asked... of guidance documents related to the development and maintenance of emergency preparedness program... the interpretation or applicability of emergency preparedness guidance issued or endorsed by the NRC...

77 FR 64562 - Draft Emergency Preparedness Frequently Asked Questions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-22

... NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION [NRC-2012-0248] Draft Emergency Preparedness Frequently Asked... Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Mark Thaggard, Deputy Director for Emergency Preparedness, Division of... comment. SUMMARY: The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is making available for comment Emergency...

Classroom Activities for the Progressive Era and the World War I Draft.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mills, Randy

1986-01-01

Provides discussion questions, activities, and projects to be used with EJ515083, "The Progressive Era and the World War I Draft." Includes three political cartoons and two World War I-era songs of opposing viewpoints. (JDH)

78 FR 33862 - Draft Emergency Preparedness Frequently Asked Questions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-05

... NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION [NRC-2013-0113] Draft Emergency Preparedness Frequently Asked... Commission. William Gott, Acting Deputy Director for Emergency Preparedness, Division of Preparedness and... comment. SUMMARY: The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is making available for comment Emergency...

An Examination of the Perceived Importance of Technical Competence in Acquisition Project Management

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-09-01

Develop (First Draft) Instructions Critique (Revision) Answerability Pilot Test (Second Draft) Analysis Response Mode Revision Useability Preparation...appropriate questionnaire items. Initially, the set of questions developed for the study reflected a few shortcomings. A pilot test of the first draft among...resulted. First, feedback from the pilot test indicated a need to reduce the completion time. Because the multiple choice format required several

Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics as tools in cancer therapy.

PubMed

Rodríguez-Vicente, Ana E; Lumbreras, Eva; Hernández, Jesus M; Martín, Miguel; Calles, Antonio; Otín, Carlos López; Algarra, Salvador Martín; Páez, David; Taron, Miquel

2016-03-01

Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics (PGx) are rapidly growing fields that aim to elucidate the genetic basis for the interindividual differences in drug response. PGx approaches have been applied to many anticancer drugs in an effort to identify relevant inherited or acquired genetic variations that may predict patient response to chemotherapy and targeted therapies. In this article, we discuss the advances in the field of cancer pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics, driven by the recent technological advances and new revolutionary massive sequencing technologies and their application to elucidate the genetic bases for interindividual drug response and the development of biomarkers able to personalize drug treatments. Specifically, we present recent progress in breast cancer molecular classifiers, cell-free circulating DNA as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in cancer, patient-derived tumor xenograft models, chronic lymphocytic leukemia genomic landscape, and current pharmacogenetic advances in colorectal cancer. This review is based on the lectures presented by the speakers of the symposium "Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics as Tools in Cancer Therapy" from the VII Conference of the Spanish Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics Society (SEFF), held in Madrid (Spain) on April 21, 2015.

NAT2 genotype guided regimen reduces isoniazid-induced liver injury and early treatment failure in the 6-month four-drug standard treatment of tuberculosis: a randomized controlled trial for pharmacogenetics-based therapy.

PubMed

Azuma, Junichi; Ohno, Masako; Kubota, Ryuji; Yokota, Soichiro; Nagai, Takayuki; Tsuyuguchi, Kazunari; Okuda, Yasuhisa; Takashima, Tetsuya; Kamimura, Sayaka; Fujio, Yasushi; Kawase, Ichiro

2013-05-01

This study is a pharmacogenetic clinical trial designed to clarify whether the N-acetyltransferase 2 gene (NAT2) genotype-guided dosing of isoniazid improves the tolerability and efficacy of the 6-month four-drug standard regimen for newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis. In a multicenter, parallel, randomized, and controlled trial with a PROBE design, patients were assigned to either conventional standard treatment (STD-treatment: approx. 5 mg/kg of isoniazid for all) or NAT2 genotype-guided treatment (PGx-treatment: approx. 7.5 mg/kg for patients homozygous for NAT2 4: rapid acetylators; 5 mg/kg, patients heterozygous for NAT2 4: intermediate acetylators; 2.5 mg/kg, patients without NAT2 4: slow acetylators). The primary outcome included incidences of 1) isoniazid-related liver injury (INH-DILI) during the first 8 weeks of therapy, and 2) early treatment failure as indicated by a persistent positive culture or no improvement in chest radiographs at the 8th week. One hundred and seventy-two Japanese patients (slow acetylators, 9.3 %; rapid acetylators, 53.5 %) were enrolled in this trial. In the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, INH-DILI occurred in 78 % of the slow acetylators in the STD-treatment, while none of the slow acetylators in the PGx-treatment experienced either INH-DILI or early treatment failure. Among the rapid acetylators, early treatment failure was observed with a significantly lower incidence rate in the PGx-treatment than in the STD-treatment (15.0 % vs. 38 %). Thus, the NAT2 genotype-guided regimen resulted in much lower incidences of unfavorable events, INH-DILI or early treatment failure, than the conventional standard regimen. Our results clearly indicate a great potential of the NAT2 genotype-guided dosing stratification of isoniazid in chemotherapy for tuberculosis.

A Global Health Diagnostic for Personalized Medicine in Resource-Constrained World Settings: A Simple PCR-RFLP Method for Genotyping CYP2B6 g.15582C>T and Science and Policy Relevance for Optimal Use of Antiretroviral Drug Efavirenz

PubMed Central

Evans, Jonathan; Swart, Marelize; Soko, Nyarai; Wonkam, Ambroise; Huzair, Farah

2015-01-01

Abstract The use of pharmacogenomics (PGx) knowledge in treatment of individual patients is becoming a common phenomenon in the developed world. However, poorly resourced countries have thus far been constrained for three main reasons. First, the cost of whole genome sequencing is still considerably high in comparison to other (non-genomics) diagnostics in the developing world where both science and social dynamics create a dynamic and fragile healthcare ecosystem. Second, studies correlating genomic differences with drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics have not been consistent, and more importantly, often not indexed to impact on societal end-points, beyond clinical practice. Third, ethics regulatory frames over PGx testing require improvements based on nested accountability systems and in ways that address the user community needs. Thus, CYP2B6 is a crucial enzyme in the metabolism of antiretroviral drugs, efavirenz and nevirapine. More than 40 genetic variants have been reported, but only a few contribute to differences in plasma EFV and NVP concentrations. The most widely reported CYP2B6 variants affecting plasma drug levels include c.516G>T, c.983T>C, and to a lesser extent, g.15582C>T, which should be considered in future PGx tests. While the first two variants are easily characterized, the g.15582C>T detection has been performed primarily by sequencing, which is costly, labor intensive, and requires access to barely available expertise in the developing world. We report here on a simple, practical PCR-RFLP method with vast potentials for use in resource-constrained world regions to detect the g.15582C>T variation among South African and Cameroonian persons. The effects of CYP2B6 g.15582C>T on plasma EFV concentration were further evaluated among HIV/AIDS patients. We report no differences in the frequency of the g.15582T variant between the South African (0.08) and Cameroonian (0.06) groups, which are significantly lower than reported in Asians (0.39) and Caucasians (0.31). The g.15582C/T and T/T genotypes were associated with significantly reduced EFV levels (p=0.006). This article additionally presents the policy relevance of the PGX global health diagnostics and therefore, collectively makes an original interdisciplinary contribution to the field of integrative biology and personalized medicine in developing world. Such studies are, in fact, broadly important because resource-constrained regions exist not only in developing world but also in major geographical parts of the G20 nations and the developed countries. PMID:26415139

Best Practices for Continuous Monitoring of Temperature and Flow in Wadeable Streams (External Review Draft)

EPA Science Inventory

This external review draft report is a technical "best practices" document describing sensor deployment for and data collection of continuous temperature and flow at ungaged sites in wadeable streams. This document addresses questions related to equipment needs; configuration, pl...

78 FR 9908 - Notice of Availability of the Draft Issuance of the Small Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-12

... significant factual, legal, methodological and policy questions considered in the development of the draft... maximum extent practicable, including management practices, control techniques, and system, design [[Page... that implementation of best management practices (BMPs) designed to control storm water runoff from the...

78 FR 44483 - Draft Guidance for Industry: Questions and Answers Regarding the Final Rule, Prevention of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-24

... Regarding the Final Rule, Prevention of Salmonella Enteritidis in Shell Eggs During Production, Storage, and... Rule, Prevention of Salmonella Enteritidis in Shell Eggs During Production, Storage, and Transportation (Layers with Outdoor Access)'' (the draft guidance). The document provides guidance to egg producers on...

76 FR 41157 - Guidance for Industry: Questions and Answers Regarding the Final Rule, Prevention of Salmonella...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-13

..., Prevention of Salmonella Enteritidis in Shell Eggs During Production, Storage, and Transportation... Eggs During Production, Storage, and Transportation'' (the draft guidance). The draft guidance provides guidance to egg producers and other persons who are covered by FDA's final rule entitled ``Prevention of...

New federal guidelines for physician-pharmaceutical industry relations: the politics of policy formation.

PubMed

Chimonas, Susan; Rothman, David J

2005-01-01

In October 2002 the federal government issued a draft "Compliance Program Guidance for Pharmaceutical Manufacturers." The draft Guidance questioned the legality of many arrangements heretofore left to the discretion of physicians and drug companies, including industry-funded educational and research grants, consultantcies, and gifts. Medical organizations and drug manufacturers proposed major revisions to the draft, arguing that current practices were in everyone's best interest. To evaluate the impact of their responses, we compare the draft, the changes requested by industry and organized medicine, and the final Guidance document (issued in April 2003). We also explore the implications--some intended, others unanticipated--of the final document.

76 FR 55927 - Draft Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff; Demonstrating the Substantial...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-09

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration [Docket No. FDA-2011-D-0147] Draft Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff; Demonstrating the Substantial Equivalence of a New Tobacco Product: Responses to Frequently Asked Questions; Availability AGENCY: Food and...

Introducing the CEFR in BC: Questions and Challenges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wernicke, Meike; Bournot-Trites, Monique

2011-01-01

In 2010, the British Columbia Ministry of Education introduced an updated version of its international languages curricula titled Additional Languages (AL) draft curriculum which set out a clear articulation of the province's language education as conceived and developed over the past 15 years. The strength of the draft curriculum lies in its…

78 FR 52931 - Draft Guidance for Industry on Abbreviated New Drug Applications: Stability Testing of Drug...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-27

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration [Docket No. FDA-2012-D-0938] Draft Guidance for Industry on Abbreviated New Drug Applications: Stability Testing of Drug Substances... Products, Questions and Answers.'' Because of increases in the number and complexity of ANDAs and FDA's...

75 FR 1048 - Notice of Public Hearings on the Draft Tank Closure and Waste Management Environmental Impact...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-08

... ending March 19, 2010. The State of Washington, Department of Ecology (Ecology) is a cooperating agency.... For general questions and information about the Washington State Department of Ecology, contact... Ecology as a cooperating agency, prepared the Draft TC & WM EIS in accordance with the Council on...

Citizen Responsibility, Conscience, War and the Draft, A Kit for Counselors and Teachers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garvey, Helen; Pickus, Robert

This publication for secondary students, with additional materials for counselors and teachers, deals with the topics of citizen responsibility, conscience, war, and the draft. There are five major sections. Section I, containing three questionnaires, includes questions for students to consider if they are confronting problems of conscience, war,…

75 FR 76467 - Draft Concept for Government-Wide “ExpertNet” Platform and Process To Elicit Expert Public...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-08

... GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION [Docket 2010-0005; Sequence 14] Draft Concept for Government-Wide... Questions AGENCY: U.S. General Services Administration. ACTION: Notice; request for public comment. SUMMARY: With this notice, the U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) requests input, comment, and ideas...

78 FR 53151 - The Applicability of Good Laboratory Practice in Premarket Device Submissions: Questions and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-28

... research and marketing applications for medical devices. This draft guidance is not final nor is it in... FDA-regulated products (21 CFR 58.1). The draft guidance provides clarification on GLP terminology, the types of medical device research or marketing applications that are subject to the GLP regulation...

Draft evidence report : traumatic brain injury and commercial motor vehicle driver safety (comprehensive review).

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-03-30

Purpose of this evidence report is to address several key questions posed by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration : Key question 1: What is the impact of traumatic brain injury on crash risk/driving performance? Key question 2: What factor...

78 FR 55261 - Draft Guidance for Industry on Generic Drug User Fee Amendments of 2012: Questions and Answers...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-10

... public and reduce costs to industry. GDUFA enables FDA to assess user fees to support critical and... assess user fees to support critical and measurable enhancements to FDA's generic drugs program. GDUFA...). The draft guidance, when finalized, will represent the Agency's current thinking on ``Generic Drug...

A Guide for Planning Drafting and Design Technology Programs. Section III, Data Collection and Analysis.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

1971

This document, the second of three related reports, constitutes the data collection and analysis section of the study designed to provide information for preparing a planning guide for drafting and design technology programs. The curriculum survey instrument mailed to 26 schools, contained questions regarding: (1) length of semesters, (2)…

Research Yields Tips on Crafting Better Syllabi

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wasley, Paula

2008-01-01

Many professors do not give much thought to what students take away from their syllabi. Researchers who have formally pondered the question suggest a number of areas for instructors to consider when drafting a document which is described as a contract drafted with "less attention paid to the language" than any other. In a comparison of syllabi…

78 FR 12764 - Draft Office of Health Assessment and Translation Approach for Systematic Review and Evidence...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-25

... Approach--February 2013 might be needed, OHAT plans to apply it to two case-study evaluations. One case... Availability: Draft OHAT Approach--February 2013 will be available by February 26, 2013, and case-study... framework, describe the contents in the case-study protocols, and respond to questions from the public on...

76 FR 52995 - Draft License Renewal Interim Staff Guidance LR-ISG-2011-05: Ongoing Review of Operating...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-24

...- 2011-0191. Address questions about NRC dockets to Carol Gallagher, telephone: 301-492-3668; e-mail...): Publicly available documents created or received at the NRC are available online in the NRC Library at http...-800-397-4209, 301-415-4737, or by e-mail to [email protected] . The draft LR-ISG proposes to revise...

Integrated Science Assessment (ISA) for Carbon Monoxide ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA announced that the First External Review Draft of the Integrated Science Assessment (ISA) for Carbon Monoxide (CO) and related Annexes was made available for independent peer review and public review. This draft ISA document represents a concise synthesis and evaluation of the most policy-relevant science and will ultimately provide the scientific bases for EPA's decision regarding whether the current standards for CO sufficiently protect public health and the environment. The Integrated Plan for Review of the NAAQS for CO {U.S. EPA, 2008 #8615} identifies key policy-relevant questions that provide a framework for this review of the scientific evidence. These questions frame the entire review of the NAAQS, and thus are informed by both science and policy considerations. The ISA organizes and presents the scientific evidence such that it, when considered along with findings from risk analyses and policy considerations, will help the EPA address these questions during the NAAQS review:

78 FR 77680 - Proposed Agency Information Collection Activities; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-24

... an outside vendor, the Federal Reserve would design the survey and draft the survey questions in... the wording of survey questions, and complementing a quantitative survey in a mixed method research design. The number of respondents to any given qualitative stakeholder survey would vary depending on the...

Isolation and characterization of a tomato non-specific lipid transfer protein involved in polygalacturonase-mediated pectin degradation.

PubMed

Tomassen, Monic M M; Barrett, Diane M; van der Valk, Henry C P M; Woltering, Ernst J

2007-01-01

An important aspect of the ripening process of tomato fruit is softening. Softening is accompanied by hydrolysis of the pectin in the cell wall by pectinases, causing loss of cell adhesion in the middle lamella. One of the most significant pectin-degrading enzymes is polygalacturonase (PG). Previous reports have shown that PG in tomato may exist in different forms (PG1, PG2a, PG2b, and PGx) commonly referred to as PG isoenzymes. The gene product PG2 is differentially glycosylated and is thought to associate with other proteins to form PG1 and PGx. This association is thought to modulate its pectin-degrading activity in planta. An 8 kDa protein that is part of the tomato PG1 multiprotein complex has been isolated, purified, and functionally characterized. This protein, designated 'activator' (ACT), belongs to the class of non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs). ACT is capable of 'converting' the gene product PG2 into a more active and heat-stable form, which increases PG-mediated pectin degradation in vitro and stimulates PG-mediated tissue breakdown in planta. This finding suggests a new, not previously identified, function for nsLTPs in the modification of hydrolytic enzyme activity. It is proposed that ACT plays a role in the modulation of PG activity during tomato fruit softening.

EXTERNAL PEER REVIEW OF THE DRAFT REGION 4 ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA scientists in Region 4 (Atlanta) conducted a review of data and information regarding hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico. This Region 4 staff assessment concluded that phosphorus, rather than nitrogen, may be the limiting nutrient controlling Gulf hypoxia. An unauthorized draft of the report was released in January of 2004. This report, because of its controversial conclusion regarding the role of phosphorus in Gulf hypoxia, caused a significant amount of concern among stakeholders. After considerable internal review by Region 4 EPA scientists, the Region released a significantly revised version of the draft report for a broader internal EPA review in April 2004. The report was revised based on the broader EPA review and released to the Hypoxia Task Force in August 2004, as an informational document with the specific purpose of encouraging discussion and posing questions for the reassessment of the Action Plan. The draft report,

From ideas to studies: how to get ideas and sharpen them into research questions.

PubMed

Vandenbroucke, Jan P; Pearce, Neil

2018-01-01

Where do new research questions come from? This is at best only partially taught in courses or textbooks about clinical or epidemiological research. Methods are taught under the assumption that a researcher already knows the research question and knows which methods will fit that question. Similarly, the real complexity of the thought processes that lead to a scientific undertaking is almost never described in published papers. In this paper, we first discuss how to get an idea that is worth researching. We describe sources of new ideas and how to foster a creative attitude by "cultivating your thoughts". Only a few of these ideas will make it into a study. Next, we describe how to sharpen and focus a research question so that a study becomes feasible and a valid test of the underlying idea. To do this, the idea needs to be "pruned". Pruning a research question means cutting away anything that is unnecessary, so that only the essence remains. This includes determining both the latent and the stated objectives, specific pruning questions, and the use of specific schemes to structure reasoning. After this, the following steps include preparation of a brief protocol, conduct of a pilot study, and writing a draft of the paper including draft tables. Then you are ready to carry out your research.

From ideas to studies: how to get ideas and sharpen them into research questions

PubMed Central

Vandenbroucke, Jan P; Pearce, Neil

2018-01-01

Where do new research questions come from? This is at best only partially taught in courses or textbooks about clinical or epidemiological research. Methods are taught under the assumption that a researcher already knows the research question and knows which methods will fit that question. Similarly, the real complexity of the thought processes that lead to a scientific undertaking is almost never described in published papers. In this paper, we first discuss how to get an idea that is worth researching. We describe sources of new ideas and how to foster a creative attitude by “cultivating your thoughts”. Only a few of these ideas will make it into a study. Next, we describe how to sharpen and focus a research question so that a study becomes feasible and a valid test of the underlying idea. To do this, the idea needs to be “pruned”. Pruning a research question means cutting away anything that is unnecessary, so that only the essence remains. This includes determining both the latent and the stated objectives, specific pruning questions, and the use of specific schemes to structure reasoning. After this, the following steps include preparation of a brief protocol, conduct of a pilot study, and writing a draft of the paper including draft tables. Then you are ready to carry out your research. PMID:29563838

Integrated Science Assessment (ISA) for Sulfur Oxides ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA announced the availability of the external review draft of the Integrated Science Assessment for Sulfur Oxides– Health Criteria for public comment and independent peer review in a November 24, 2015 Federal Register Notice. This draft document provides EPA’s evaluation and synthesis of the most policy-relevant science related to the health effects of sulfur oxides. When final, it will provide a critical part of the scientific foundation for EPA’s decision regarding the adequacy of the current primary (health-based) National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for sulfur dioxide. The Integrated Plan for Review of the Primary NAAQS for SOx U.S. 2: EPA (2007) identifies key policy-relevant questions that provide a framework for this review of the scientific evidence. These questions frame the entire review of the NAAQS, and thus are informed by both science and policy considerations. The ISA organizes and presents the scientific evidence such that, when considered along with findings from risk analyses and policy considerations, will help the EPA address these questions in completing the NAAQS review.

Life, the Universe, and everything—42 fundamental questions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Allen, Roland E.; Lidström, Suzy

2017-01-01

In The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, by Douglas Adams, the Answer to the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything is found to be 42—but the meaning of this is left open to interpretation. We take it to mean that there are 42 fundamental questions which must be answered on the road to full enlightenment, and we attempt a first draft (or personal selection) of these ultimate questions, on topics ranging from the cosmological constant and origin of the Universe to the origin of life and consciousness.

Development and validation of climate change system thinking instrument (CCSTI) for measuring system thinking on climate change content

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meilinda; Rustaman, N. Y.; Firman, H.; Tjasyono, B.

2018-05-01

The Climate Change System Thinking Instrument (CCSTI) is developed to measure a system thinking ability in the concept of climate change. CCSTI is developed in four phase’s development including instrument draft development, validation and evaluation including readable material test, expert validation, and field test. The result of field test is analyzed by looking at the readability score in Cronbach’s alpha test. Draft instrument is tested on college students majoring in Biology Education, Physics Education, and Chemistry Education randomly with a total number of 80 college students. Score of Content Validation Index at 0.86, which means that the CCSTI developed are categorized as very appropriate with question indicators and Cronbach’s alpha about 0.605 which mean categorized undesirable to minimal acceptable. From 45 questions of system thinking, there are 37 valid questions spread in four indicators of system thinking, which are system thinking phase I (pre-requirement), system thinking phase II (basic), system thinking phase III (intermediate), and system thinking phase IV (coherent expert).

[Personalized drug therapy-directed clinical pharmacology research based on genetic polymorphisms and pharmacokinetics analysis].

PubMed

Hayashi, Hideki

2013-01-01

In this decade, the field of pharmacogenomics (PGx), which is related to pharmacokinetics (PK) or pharmacodynamics (PD), has attracted much attention because it may provide a possible explanation for individual differences in the clinical efficacy of drugs. For the development of personalized drug therapy, it is important to accumulate evidence from PK/PD/PGx analysis in clinical trials. Warfarin (WF) is one of the most widely prescribed anticoagulants for the prevention and treatment of venous and arterial thromboembolism. However, large interindividual and interethnic differences have been observed in the WF dose required to elicit the anticoagulant effect. We investigated the factors influencing the WF maintenance dose in Japanese patients. Our study confirmed a large interindividual variability in the WF maintenance dose that was due to a VKORC1 1639 G>A polymorphism and differences in body weight, age, and serum albumin. In addition, we found that the CYP4F2 genotype affects the plasma concentration of menaquinone-4, and that this finding was correlated with the WF sensitivity index in Japanese pediatric patients. Methotrexate (MTX) is an antifolate that is widely used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and cancer. The response to low-dose MTX demonstrated wide interpatient variability; however, the contributing factors remain unclear. We found that the frequency of the RFC1 80A allele was higher in RA patients treated with MTX alone compared with patients who received biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs). This finding may support the combined use of bDMARDs and MTX. Further large-scale prospective clinical trials are required to confirm these findings.

Physician Attitudes toward Adopting Genome-Guided Prescribing through Clinical Decision Support

PubMed Central

Overby, Casey Lynnette; Erwin, Angelika Ludtke; Abul-Husn, Noura S.; Ellis, Stephen B.; Scott, Stuart A.; Obeng, Aniwaa Owusu; Kannry, Joseph L.; Hripcsak, George; Bottinger, Erwin P.; Gottesman, Omri

2014-01-01

This study assessed physician attitudes toward adopting genome-guided prescribing through clinical decision support (CDS), prior to enlisting in the Clinical Implementation of Personalized Medicine through Electronic Health Records and Genomics pilot pharmacogenomics project (CLIPMERGE PGx). We developed a survey instrument that includes the Evidence Based Practice Attitude Scale, adapted to measure attitudes toward adopting genome-informed interventions (EBPAS-GII). The survey also includes items to measure physicians’ characteristics (awareness, experience, and perceived usefulness), attitudes about personal genome testing (PGT) services, and comfort using technology. We surveyed 101 General Internal Medicine physicians from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (ISMMS). The majority were residency program trainees (~88%). Prior to enlisting into CLIPMERGE PGx, most physicians were aware of and had used decision support aids. Few physicians, however, were aware of and had used genome-guided prescribing. The majority of physicians viewed decision support aids and genotype data as being useful for making prescribing decisions. Most physicians had not heard of, but were willing to use, PGT services and felt comfortable interpreting PGT results. Most physicians were comfortable with technology. Physicians who perceived genotype data to be useful in making prescribing decisions, had more positive attitudes toward adopting genome-guided prescribing through CDS. Our findings suggest that internal medicine physicians have a deficit in their familiarity and comfort interpreting and using genomic information. This has reinforced the importance of gathering feedback and guidance from our enrolled physicians when designing genome-guided CDS and the importance of prioritizing genomic medicine education at our institutions. PMID:25562141

77 FR 65382 - Notice of Public Meeting for the Draft Environmental Impact Statement for the Foreign Affairs...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-26

... Street, Blackstone VA, 23824. Informational posters will be on display in the Dining Hall, and... comments from the public. An informational presentation followed by an informal question and answer session...

77 FR 40068 - Draft Guidance for Industry: Recommendations for Donor Questioning, Deferral, Reentry, and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-06

... scientific workshop. In addition, FDA is aware that dengue viruses are endemic in Quintana Roo and Jalisco. FDA is currently evaluating the risk of dengue virus infections in U.S. blood donors that are acquired...

Comment and response document for the long-term surveillance plan for the Bodo Canyon Disposal Site, Durango, Colorado, Revision 0

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1995-11-01

This report contains the comment and response document for the Draft Long-Term Surveillance Plan of the Bodo Canyon Site in Durango, California. This is a part of the Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) Project. Questions and comments regarding specific sections or statements in the report are described and then a response to each review comment or question is provided.

Draft Guidance on EPA’s Section 8(a) Information Gathering Rule on Nanomaterials in Commerce

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This guidance provides answers to questions the Agency has received from manufacturers (includes importers) and processors of certain chemical substances when they are manufactured or processed at the nanoscale as described in the final rule.

77 FR 31894 - Portable Gauge Licenses

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-30

... include safety culture, security of radioactive materials, protection of sensitive information, a revised... draft NUREG and is especially interested in receiving comments on the examples and pictures used in... following questions regarding the examples and pictures in Appendix G: 1. Do the examples for two...

Pathogenic variants for Mendelian and complex traits in exomes of 6,517 European and African Americans: implications for the return of incidental results.

PubMed

Tabor, Holly K; Auer, Paul L; Jamal, Seema M; Chong, Jessica X; Yu, Joon-Ho; Gordon, Adam S; Graubert, Timothy A; O'Donnell, Christopher J; Rich, Stephen S; Nickerson, Deborah A; Bamshad, Michael J

2014-08-07

Exome sequencing (ES) is rapidly being deployed for use in clinical settings despite limited empirical data about the number and types of incidental results (with potential clinical utility) that could be offered for return to an individual. We analyzed deidentified ES data from 6,517 participants (2,204 African Americans and 4,313 European Americans) from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Exome Sequencing Project. We characterized the frequencies of pathogenic alleles in genes underlying Mendelian conditions commonly assessed by newborn-screening (NBS, n = 39) programs, genes associated with age-related macular degeneration (ARMD, n = 17), and genes known to influence drug response (PGx, n = 14). From these 70 genes, we identified 10,789 variants and curated them by manual review of OMIM, HGMD, locus-specific databases, or primary literature to a total of 399 validated pathogenic variants. The mean number of risk alleles per individual was 15.3. Every individual had at least five known PGx alleles, 99% of individuals had at least one ARMD risk allele, and 45% of individuals were carriers for at least one pathogenic NBS allele. The carrier burden for severe recessive childhood disorders was 0.57. Our results demonstrate that risk alleles of potential clinical utility for both Mendelian and complex traits are detectable in every individual. These findings highlight the necessity of developing guidelines and policies that consider the return of results to all individuals and underscore the need to develop innovative approaches and tools that enable individuals to exercise their choice about the return of incidental results. Copyright © 2014 The American Society of Human Genetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Exploring the Distribution of Genetic Markers of Pharmacogenomics Relevance in Brazilian and Mexican Populations

PubMed Central

Bonifaz-Peña, Vania; Contreras, Alejandra V.; Struchiner, Claudio Jose; Roela, Rosimeire A.; Furuya-Mazzotti, Tatiane K.; Chammas, Roger; Rangel-Escareño, Claudia; Uribe-Figueroa, Laura; Gómez-Vázquez, María José; McLeod, Howard L.; Hidalgo-Miranda, Alfredo

2014-01-01

Studies of pharmacogenomics-related traits are increasingly being performed to identify loci that affect either drug response or susceptibility to adverse drug reactions. However, the effect of the polymorphisms can differ in magnitude or be absent depending on the population being assessed. We used the Affymetrix Drug Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters (DMET) Plus array to characterize the distribution of polymorphisms of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics (PGx) relevance in two samples from the most populous Latin American countries, Brazil and Mexico. The sample from Brazil included 268 individuals from the southeastern state of Rio de Janeiro, and was stratified into census categories. The sample from Mexico comprised 45 Native American Zapotecas and 224 self-identified Mestizo individuals from 5 states located in geographically distant regions in Mexico. We evaluated the admixture proportions in the Brazilian and Mexican samples using a panel of Ancestry Informative Markers extracted from the DMET array, which was validated with genome-wide data. A substantial variation in ancestral proportions across census categories in Brazil, and geographic regions in Mexico was identified. We evaluated the extent of genetic differentiation (measured as FST values) of the genetic markers of the DMET Plus array between the relevant parental populations. Although the average levels of genetic differentiation are low, there is a long tail of markers showing large frequency differences, including markers located in genes belonging to the Cytochrome P450, Solute Carrier (SLC) and UDP-glucuronyltransferase (UGT) families as well as other genes of PGx relevance such as ABCC8, ADH1A, CHST3, PON1, PPARD, PPARG, and VKORC1. We show how differences in admixture history may have an important impact in the distribution of allele and genotype frequencies at the population level. PMID:25419701

76 FR 44602 - State of Arizona Resource Advisory Council Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-26

... Mineral Withdrawal Draft Environmental Impact Statement; presentation and RAC recommendations on the Red Rock Pass Program; RAC questions on District Managers' Reports; reports by the RAC working groups; and... Forest Service recreation fee proposals in Arizona. The RRAC will review the Forest Service's Red Rock...

78 FR 75353 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection: Public Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-11

... cognitive interviews, focus groups, usability tests, field tests/pilot interviews, and experimental research... as more basic research on response errors in surveys. HRSA staff use various techniques to evaluate... interview structure consists of respondents first answering a draft survey question and then providing...

Questions and Answers SOL-R3-13-00006: Region 3 - National Remedial Action Contracts / Multiple Award Competition

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Region 3 - EPA is performing market research to determine if industry has the capability and capacity to perform the work, on a national level, as described in the attached draft Statement of Work /Performance Work Statement(SOW/PWS).

Hydrogen Financial Analysis Scenario Tool (H2FAST) Documentation

Science.gov Websites

for the web and spreadsheet versions of H2FAST. H2FAST Web Tool User's Manual H2FAST Spreadsheet Tool User's Manual (DRAFT) Technical Support Send questions or feedback about H2FAST to H2FAST@nrel.gov. Home

Artful Writing: Well-Crafted Words Complement Well-Drafted Images

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Weinstein, Norman

2008-01-01

Speaking plainly, says the writer: too many architecture students can't write. After hearing graduate architecture students defend their designs at a midterm studio review, the writer observed that, under questioning, several students became inarticulate and left participles or sentences dangling. While this may be understandable, the writer also…

Effects of Generative Video on Students' Scientific Problem Posing. Draft.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hickey, Daniel T.; Petrosino, Anthony

A central premise of the discovery-learning and progressive education movements was that the child's own questions are the most appropriate starting point for instruction. Recent advances present new opportunities for discovery-oriented learning. This project has been attempting to create a classroom environment which affords students the…

77 FR 65363 - New England Fishery Management Council (NEFMC); Public Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-26

... present an overview of the NEFSC draft Strategic Plan. A question and answer period is scheduled to [[Page... to modify accountability measures (AMs) in the Herring Fishery Management Plan (FMP). A public... measures, will be addressed during the remainder of the day. Decisions may include: specifications for the...

Statewide Education Databases: Policy Issues. Discussion Draft.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hansen, Kenneth H.

This essay reviews current policy issues regarding statewide educational databases. It begins by defining the major characteristics of a database and raising two questions: (1) Is it really necessary to have a statewide educational database? (2) What is the primary rationale for creating one? The limitations of databases in formulating educational…

[Common law, civil law: thinking about the tools of the judge in bioethics].

PubMed

Baudouin, Jean-Louis

2006-01-01

Civilian and common law judges differ substantially in their approach to the resolution of issues concerning bioethics and health sciences. Whereas the civilian judge will first take into account the legislative source, his common law counterpart will most probably first look at judicial precedents for guidance. In both systems, however, the legislative drafting technique differs substantially and has a direct impact on judicial interpretation of the law. Both systems also differ in the way that judicial decisions are drafted and rendered. In the common law tradition, judges draft their own opinion, leaving the possibility of dissent which, in turn, helps to better illustrate contentious issues and may have an influence on social awareness of difficult problems. Finally, in bioethics, legislation should be preferred if only for a question of social legitimacy, since decisions are then taken by elected representatives. However, this type of legislation should be subject to periodical review to better adapt its rules to the evolution of science and society.

The need for transparency and reproducibility in documenting values for regulatory decision making and evaluating causality: The example of formaldehyde.

PubMed

Van Landingham, Cynthia; Mundt, Kenneth A; Allen, Bruce C; Gentry, P Robinan

2016-11-01

Reproducibility and transparency in scientific reporting is paramount to advancing science and providing the foundation required for sound regulation. Recent examples demonstrate that pivotal scientific findings cannot be replicated, due to poor documentation or methodological bias, sparking debate across scientific and regulatory communities. However, there is general agreement that improvements in communicating and documenting research and risk assessment methods are needed. In the case of formaldehyde, the peer-review conducted by a National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Committee questioned the approaches used by the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) in developing draft unit risk values. Using the original data from the key study (Beane Freeman et al., 2009) and documentation provided in the draft IRIS profile, we attempted to duplicate the reported inhalation unit risk values and address the NAS Committee's questions regarding application of the appropriate dose-response model. Overall, documentation of the methods lacked sufficient detail to allow for replication of the unit risk estimates, specifically for Hodgkin lymphoma and leukemias, the key systemic endpoints selected by IRIS. The lack of apparent exposure-response relationships for selected endpoints raises the question whether quantitative analyses are appropriate for these endpoints, and if so, how results are to be interpreted. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Inc.

ACHP | News

Science.gov Websites

the agreement will be signed in February 2012. This final draft of the PA enhances the role of tribal governments, consulting parties, and the public in the BLM project review process. It discusses the role of jcordova@blm.gov. For all other questions regarding the PA, BLM's Preservation Officer Robin Hawks should

A Writer-Respondent Intervention as a Means of Developing Academic Literacy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bharuthram, S.; Mckenna, S.

2006-01-01

This paper discusses the implementation of a project in which a writer-respondent intervention was used to develop the academic literacy practices of students. Writer-respondent projects are based on the idea that detailed developmental comments and questions on students' draft writing can assist them in acquiring the peculiar norms of academic…

75 FR 52426 - Draft Guidance for Industry: Questions and Answers Regarding Implementation of the Menu Labeling...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-25

...) requires certain chain restaurants and similar retail food establishments with 20 or more locations... operators'') to disclose calories for articles of food. Restaurants and similar retail food establishments... restaurants can help people make healthier choices (Refs. 1 and 2). Responding to this demand for information...

77 FR 8885 - Draft Guidance for Industry on Biosimilars: Questions and Answers Regarding Implementation of the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-15

... Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Bldg. 51, Rm. 2201, Silver... Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 1401 Rockville Pike, Suite 200N, Rockville... Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Bldg. 51, Rm...

76 FR 50484 - Draft Guidance for Industry, Clinical Investigators, and Food and Drug Administration Staff...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-15

... medical device for its intended use. Evidence from one or more pivotal clinical studies generally serves... some cases, a PMA may include multiple studies designed to answer different scientific questions. The... studies intended to support premarket submissions for medical devices and for FDA staff who review those...

UNESCO's Role in Global Educational Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Comparative Education Review, 2007

2007-01-01

This article presents a two-round discussion that centered around the question: "How well has UNESCO framed its own proposed role in meeting Education for All objectives as well as the roles of other UN organizations, national governments, and civil society actors?" The participants reviewed the most recent draft of UNESCO's "Global Action Plan"…

Asian American Middleman Minority Theory. The Constructional Framework of an American Myth. Draft.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wong, Eugene Franklin

This paper questions the applicability of middleman minority theory to Chinese and Japanese Americans. The constructional elements of the theory, in its American form, are analyzed in the context of Chinese and Japanese American economic, social, and political conditions. The ethnic group triad (elite-middleman minority-masses) is identified and…

78 FR 8119 - Cancellation of the Notice of Intent To Prepare a Draft and Final Supplemental Environmental...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-05

... the Herbert Hoover Dike Major Rehabilitation Project, Palm Beach and Glades Counties, FL AGENCY... safety modifications to dams. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Questions may be forwarded to Ms. Angela... supplemental MRR will be replaced with a system wide Dam Safety Modification (DSM) Report. Environmental...

78 FR 8118 - Cancellation of the Notice of Intent To Prepare a Draft and Final Supplemental Environmental...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-05

... Herbert Hoover Dike Major Rehabilitation Project, Martin and Palm Beach Counties AGENCY: Department of the... Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (SEIS) for Reach 1A on the Herbert Hoover Dike (HHD) Major... required for safety modifications to dams. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Questions may be forwarded to...

78 FR 68460 - Draft Guidance for Industry on Frequently Asked Questions About Medical Foods; Second Edition...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-14

... interested persons additional time to submit comments. DATES: Submit either electronic or written comments by....gov . Submit written comments to the Division of Dockets Management (HFA-305), Food and Drug... Branch Pkwy., College Park, MD 20740, 240-402-1783. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. Background In the...

Drafting human ancestry: what does the Neanderthal genome tell us about hominid evolution? Commentary on Green et al. (2010).

PubMed

Hofreiter, Michael

2011-02-01

Ten years after the first draft versions of the human genome were announced, technical progress in both DNA sequencing and ancient DNA analyses has allowed a research team around Ed Green and Svante Pääbo to complete this task from infinitely more difficult hominid samples: a few pieces of bone originating from our closest, albeit extinct, relatives, the Neanderthals. Pulling the Neanderthal sequences out of a sea of contaminating environmental DNA impregnating the bones and at the same time avoiding the problems of contamination with modern human DNA is in itself a remarkable accomplishment. However, the crucial question in the long run is, what can we learn from such genomic data about hominid evolution?

76 FR 20347 - Release of Draft Integrated Review Plan for the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Lead

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-12

... you submit. If EPA cannot read your comment due to technical difficulties and cannot contact you for... rulemaking by docket number and other identifying information (subject heading, Federal Register date and... phase for the review. This phase began with a science policy workshop to identify issues and questions...

76 FR 53485 - Notice of Availability of the Supplement to the Draft Environmental Impact Statement for the...

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2011-08-26

... available at the following offices during regular business hours: Columbine Field Office, 367 Pearl St... business hours. The FIRS is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, to leave a message or question with the above individual. You will receive a reply during normal business hours. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION...

75 FR 75482 - Draft Guidance for Industry on Residual Solvents in Animal Drug Products; Questions and Answers...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-03

... Administration, 7519 Standish Pl., Rockville, MD 20855. Send one self-addressed adhesive label to assist that..., Center for Veterinary Medicine (HFV-145), Food and Drug Administration, 7500 Standish Pl., Rockville, MD... seen in the Division of Dockets Management between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday through Friday. V...

78 FR 70953 - Draft Guidance for Industry on Generic Drug User Fee Amendments of 2012: Questions and Answers...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-27

....regulations.gov Web site from November 4, 2013, through November 13, 2013, due to technical difficulties. DATES: Submit either electronic or written comments to the docket by December 11, 2013. ADDRESSES: Submit electronic comments to http://www.regulations.gov . Submit written comments to the Division of...

Use of MCAT Data in Admissions. A Guide for Medical School Admissions Officers and Faculty.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mitchell, Karen J.

A description of the standardized, multiple-choice Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) and how to use it is offered. Medical school admissions officers medical educators, college faculty members, and practicing physicians are active participants in selecting content, drafting test specifications, and authoring questions for the exam. The MCAT is…

77 FR 51814 - Draft Guidance for Industry on Generic Drug User Fee Amendments of 2012: Questions and Answers...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-27

... costs to industry. GDUFA enables FDA to assess user fees to support critical and measurable enhancements... critical and measurable enhancements to FDA's generic drugs program. GDUFA establishes fees for abbreviated... current thinking on generic drug user fee amendments of 2012. It does not create or confer any rights for...

The Role and Place of Outdoor Education in the Australian National Curriculum

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gray, Tonia; Martin, Peter

2012-01-01

As Australia heads into a new era of implementing a National Curriculum, the place of Outdoor Education in Australian schools is under question. In the initial drafts of the National Curriculum, Outdoor Education has been marginalised. The authors propose that Outdoor Education should maintain a strong role, especially as processes of experiential…

The Effects of Text Analysis on Drafting and Justifying Research Questions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Padilla, Maria Antonia; Solorzano, Wendy Guadalupe; Pacheco, Virginia

2009-01-01

Introduction: A correspondence has been seen between the level at which one can read scientific texts and his/her performance in writing this type of texts. Besides being able to read at the most complex levels, formulating research problems requires explicit training in writing. The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether…

How to Plan an Ordinance: An Outline and Some Examples.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cable Television Information Center, Washington, DC.

Designed for public officials who must make policy decisions concerning cable television, this booklet forms a checklist to ensure that all basic questions have been considered in drafting an ordinance. The purpose of a cable television ordinance is to develop a law listing the specifications and obligations that will govern the franchising of a…

Home Start Evaluation Study. Interim Report II: Program Analysis. Revised Draft.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Deloria, Dennis; And Others

This document is the second in a series of evaluative reports directed to evaluation needs of Home Start planners and administrators. It focuses on implementation data about programs gathered during local site visits conducted in the spring and fall of 1972. The two basic evaluative questions asked are: (1) What was Home Start intended by its…

Draft/Registration/National Service. Current Issues in Catholic Higher Education. Volume 1, Number 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gallin, Alice, Ed.

A collection of nine brief statements by prominent Catholics and other religious policymakers on the moral implications of compulsory military and other national service is presented. Each of the respondents answers the following question: "In your judgment, what are the moral and ethical implications of a public policy, in time of peace, of…

Design methodology for a community response questionnaire on sonic boom exposure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Farbry, John E., Jr.; Fields, James M.; Molino, John A.; Demiranda, Gwendolyn A.

1991-01-01

A preliminary draft questionnaire concerning community response to sonic booms was developed. Interviews were conducted in two communities that had experienced supersonic overflights of the SR-71 airplane for several years. Even though the overflights had ceased about 6 months prior to the interviews, people clearly remembered hearing sonic booms. A total of 22 people living in central Utah and 23 people living along Idaho/Washington state border took part in these interviews. The draft questionnaire was constantly modified during the study in order to evaluate different versions. Questions were developed which related to annoyance, startle, sleep disturbance, building vibration, and building damage. Based on the data collected, a proposed community response survey response instrument was developed for application in a full-scale sonic boom study.

Design methodology for a community response questionnaire on sonic boom exposure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Farbry, John E., Jr.; Fields, James M.; Molino, John A.; Demiranda, Gwendolyn A.

1991-05-01

A preliminary draft questionnaire concerning community response to sonic booms was developed. Interviews were conducted in two communities that had experienced supersonic overflights of the SR-71 airplane for several years. Even though the overflights had ceased about 6 months prior to the interviews, people clearly remembered hearing sonic booms. A total of 22 people living in central Utah and 23 people living along Idaho/Washington state border took part in these interviews. The draft questionnaire was constantly modified during the study in order to evaluate different versions. Questions were developed which related to annoyance, startle, sleep disturbance, building vibration, and building damage. Based on the data collected, a proposed community response survey response instrument was developed for application in a full-scale sonic boom study.

A basic recursion concept inventory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hamouda, Sally; Edwards, Stephen H.; Elmongui, Hicham G.; Ernst, Jeremy V.; Shaffer, Clifford A.

2017-04-01

Recursion is both an important and a difficult topic for introductory Computer Science students. Students often develop misconceptions about the topic that need to be diagnosed and corrected. In this paper, we report on our initial attempts to develop a concept inventory that measures student misconceptions on basic recursion topics. We present a collection of misconceptions and difficulties encountered by students when learning introductory recursion as presented in a typical CS2 course. Based on this collection, a draft concept inventory in the form of a series of questions was developed and evaluated, with the question rubric tagged to the list of misconceptions and difficulties.

Findings from a novel approach to publication guideline revision: user road testing of a draft version of SQUIRE 2.0

PubMed Central

Davies, Louise; Donnelly, Kyla Z; Goodman, Daisy J; Ogrinc, Greg

2016-01-01

Background The Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence (SQUIRE) Guideline was published in 2008 (SQUIRE 1.0) and was the first publication guideline specifically designed to advance the science of healthcare improvement. Advances in the discipline of improvement prompted us to revise it. We adopted a novel approach to the revision by asking end-users to ‘road test’ a draft version of SQUIRE 2.0. The aim was to determine whether they understood and implemented the guidelines as intended by the developers. Methods Forty-four participants were assigned a manuscript section (ie, introduction, methods, results, discussion) and asked to use the draft Guidelines to guide their writing process. They indicated the text that corresponded to each SQUIRE item used and submitted it along with a confidential survey. The survey examined usability of the Guidelines using Likert-scaled questions and participants’ interpretation of key concepts in SQUIRE using open-ended questions. On the submitted text, we evaluated concordance between participants’ item usage/interpretation and the developers’ intended application. For the survey, the Likert-scaled responses were summarised using descriptive statistics and the open-ended questions were analysed by content analysis. Results Consistent with the SQUIRE Guidelines’ recommendation that not every item be included, less than one-third (n=14) of participants applied every item in their section in full. Of the 85 instances when an item was partially used or was omitted, only 7 (8.2%) of these instances were due to participants not understanding the item. Usage of Guideline items was highest for items most similar to standard scientific reporting (ie, ‘Specific aim of the improvement’ (introduction), ‘Description of the improvement’ (methods) and ‘Implications for further studies’ (discussion)) and lowest (<20% of the time) for those unique to healthcare improvement (ie, ‘Assessment methods for context factors that contributed to success or failure’ and ‘Costs and strategic trade-offs’). Items unique to healthcare improvement, specifically ‘Evolution of the improvement’, ‘Context elements that influenced the improvement’, ‘The logic on which the improvement was based’, ‘Process and outcome measures’, demonstrated poor concordance between participants’ interpretation and developers’ intended application. Conclusions User testing of a draft version of SQUIRE 2.0 revealed which items have poor concordance between developer intent and author usage, which will inform final editing of the Guideline and development of supporting supplementary materials. It also identified the items that require special attention when teaching about scholarly writing in healthcare improvement. PMID:26263916

76 FR 10072 - Proposed Generic Communications; Draft NRC Regulatory Issue Summary 2011-XX, Adequacy of Station...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-23

... electronic form will be posted on the NRC Web site and on the Federal Rulemaking Web site Regulations.gov... that they do not want publicly disclosed. Federal rulemaking Web site: Go to http://www.regulations.gov... through this Web site. Address questions about NRC dockets to Carol Gallagher, telephone: 301-492-3668, e...

Storytelling as Scholarship: A Writerly Approach to Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perl, Sondra; Counihan, Beth; McCormack, Tim; Schnee, Emily

2007-01-01

What does it mean to take a writerly approach to research? Sondra Perl and her co-authors have pondered this question over the past five years as they have each worked with her to design and draft dissertations that combine their work as literacy researchers with their love of writing. Each of them has moved toward storytelling as a compelling and…

Power to the People: Tribal Activists Transform Communities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Talahongva, Patty

2010-01-01

When everyone told them it couldn't be done, Joe McDonald, Ed.D., remembers how firmly tribal leaders stuck to their guns and helped draft federal legislation to fund the tribal college system. When her own husband questioned her efforts to get a college degree, Alvena Oldman ignored his cutting remarks and kept on taking classes. When people try…

Language Legislation in the Belgian Colonial Charter of 1908: A Textual-Historical Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meeuwis, Michael

2015-01-01

When in 1908 the Belgian government took over the Congo from King Leopold II, a charter was drafted that would serve as a constitution-like statutory code for the new colony. Article 3 in this "Colonial Charter" dealt with language and linguistic rights. It epitomized the duality of language questions with which Belgium remained faced…

[Equipment qualification].

PubMed

Le Vacon, F

2005-06-01

The qualification of the equipment is a particularly important stage in the transfusional process. On the one hand, of many standards such as those of certification or that of accreditation require it, just as the good transfusional practices; in addition, the practices of steps of quality assurance develop this aspect. Indeed, the absence of the realization of this qualification of material having an influence on the finished product, can lead to an error in the product. This qualification passes by various stages of which some are major such as the drafting of the schedule of conditions, the drafting of the operational protocol of qualification, the decision made for the setting in routine. Finally so that this qualification takes all its dimensions it is necessary to carry out methods linked to the international system of measurement. Moreover certain questions after reflexions must find response such as which unit to check, and only this one, the equipment is - it a complex one, is there a maintenance contract? Once all these elements taken into account, the questions having found their answer, the operational protocol will then well be built, the decisions of settings in routine could be done and the sets of the finalized stages.

Development of an Official Guideline for the Economic Evaluation of Drugs/Medical Devices in Japan.

PubMed

Shiroiwa, Takeru; Fukuda, Takashi; Ikeda, Shunya; Takura, Tomoyuki; Moriwaki, Kensuke

2017-03-01

In Japan, cost-effectiveness evaluation was implemented on a trial basis from fiscal year 2016. The results will be applied to the future repricing of drugs and medical devices. On the basis of a request from the Central Social Insurance Medical Council (Chuikyo), our research team drafted the official methodological guideline for trial implementation. Here, we report the process of developing and the contents of the official guideline for cost-effectiveness evaluation. The guideline reflects discussions at the Chuikyo subcommittee (e.g., the role of quality-adjusted life-year) and incorporates our academic perspective. Team members generated research questions for each section of the guideline and discussions on these questions were carried out. A draft guideline was prepared and submitted to the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW), and then to the subcommittee. The draft guideline was revised on the basis of the discussions at the subcommitte, if appropriate. Although the "public health care payer's perspective" is standard in this guideline, other perspectives can be applied as necessary depending on the objective of analysis. On the basis of the discussions at the subcommittee, quality-adjusted life-year will be used as the basic outcome. A discount rate of 2% per annum for costs and outcomes is recommended. The final guideline was officially approved by the Chuikyo general assembly in February 2016. This is the first officially approved guideline for the economic evaluation of drugs and medical devices in Japan. The guideline is expected to improve the quality and comparability of submitted cost-effectiveness data for decision making. Copyright © 2017 International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Redrilling Plan for EE-3

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Murphy, Hugh D.

1984-11-14

Attached is the 3rd draft copy of the EE-3 redrilling plan. We believe that we have taken the document as far as we can and feel that it is ready for distribution as soon as the trajectory question is resolved and necessary changes in wording that result are made. The figures are presently being redrawn by John Paskiewicz and should be ready in about one week.

Western forest diseases and climate relations: General considerations, dwarf mistletoe and stem rusts

Treesearch

B. W. Geils

2008-01-01

This is a preliminary, draft outline for organizing information on the relation of climate to western forest diseases. The question is how to assess the threat of these diseases under a regime of climate change. Although forest diseases are often important, assessment of disease-climate relations is a challenging problem due to the multiple values at risk and the...

Determination of suitable climate space for Armillaria ostoyae in the Oregon East Cascades

Treesearch

John W. Hanna; Mee-Sook Kim; Ned B. Klopfenstein; Aaron L. Smith; Helen M. Maffei

2008-01-01

This is a preliminary, draft outline for organizing information on the relation of climate to western forest diseases. The question is how to assess the threat of these diseases under a regime of climate change. Although forest diseases are often important, assessment of disease-climate relations is a challenging problem due to the multiple values at risk and the...

Draft final feasibility study report and proposed plan for Operable Unit 4, response to comments: Fernald Environmental Management Project, Fernald, Ohio

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1994-02-01

This report contains questions and comments regarding a risk evaluation and possible remedial action of Operable Unit 4 at the Feed Materials Production Center at Fernald, Ohio. Attention is focused on the US EPA Region V feasibility study and on the CRARE. The CRARE is a post-remediation time frame document.

Premise to Implement a Grading System to Evaluate the Sanitary Level in Food Service Establishments in Milan, Italy

PubMed Central

Razzini, Katia

2015-01-01

The regulatory framework of the official controls on food safety, the criteria and methods from the planning of interventions in the field of official control to the management of information flows, and the standards described in the operation manual of the local competent authorities drafted by the Lombardy Region (2011) were evaluated. A questionnaire consisting of n. 10 questions with multiple answers draft in partnership with EPAM (the Association of Provincial Public Retail and catering businesses in Milan) to n. 107 Food service establishments of Milan shows that 92% of managers approve the introduction of a grading system. The regulatory framework is planned to support the implementation of risk assignment, unfortunately the attribution of risk category of retail and catering businesses is still different among regions. PMID:27800403

Proper use of medical language: Main problems and solutions.

PubMed

Aleixandre-Benavent, R; Valderrama Zurián, J C; Bueno-Cañigral, F J

2015-10-01

Medical language should be characterized by its precision, emotional neutrality and stability. The effective communication of results of scientific studies depends on compliance with current standards of drafting and style; texts with defects can hinder interest in the findings. In this study, we discuss some of the most common problems and errors in medical language, including the abuse of abbreviations and foreign words, the use of improper words, syntax errors and solecisms, the most common errors in titles and the abuse of capital letters and the gerund. Investigators have effective tools for dealing with these problems, such as quality texts, critical dictionaries of questions and difficulties with the Spanish language and various drafting and style manuals. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier España, S.L.U. y Sociedad Española de Medicina Interna (SEMI). All rights reserved.

Clinical Practice Guideline: Safe Medication Use in the ICU.

PubMed

Kane-Gill, Sandra L; Dasta, Joseph F; Buckley, Mitchell S; Devabhakthuni, Sandeep; Liu, Michael; Cohen, Henry; George, Elisabeth L; Pohlman, Anne S; Agarwal, Swati; Henneman, Elizabeth A; Bejian, Sharon M; Berenholtz, Sean M; Pepin, Jodie L; Scanlon, Mathew C; Smith, Brian S

2017-09-01

To provide ICU clinicians with evidence-based guidance on safe medication use practices for the critically ill. PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science for relevant material to December 2015. Based on three key components: 1) environment and patients, 2) the medication use process, and 3) the patient safety surveillance system. The committee collectively developed Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome questions and quality of evidence statements pertaining to medication errors and adverse drug events addressing the key components. A total of 34 Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome questions, five quality of evidence statements, and one commentary on disclosure was developed. Subcommittee members were assigned selected Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome questions or quality of evidence statements. Subcommittee members completed their Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation of the question with his/her quality of evidence assessment and proposed strength of recommendation, then the draft was reviewed by the relevant subcommittee. The subcommittee collectively reviewed the evidence profiles for each question they developed. After the draft was discussed and approved by the entire committee, then the document was circulated among all members for voting on the quality of evidence and strength of recommendation. The committee followed the principles of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system to determine quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. This guideline evaluates the ICU environment as a risk for medication-related events and the environmental changes that are possible to improve safe medication use. Prevention strategies for medication-related events are reviewed by medication use process node (prescribing, distribution, administration, monitoring). Detailed considerations to an active surveillance system that includes reporting, identification, and evaluation are discussed. Also, highlighted is the need for future research for safe medication practices that is specific to critically ill patients.

Heisenberg (and Schrödinger, and Pauli) on hidden variables

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bacciagaluppi, Guido; Crull, Elise

In this paper, we discuss various aspects of Heisenberg's thought on hidden variables in the period 1927-1935. We also compare Heisenberg's approach to others current at the time, specifically that embodied by von Neumann's impossibility proof, but also views expressed mainly in correspondence by Pauli and by Schrödinger. We shall base ourselves mostly on published and unpublished materials that are known but little-studied, among others Heisenberg's own draft response to the EPR paper. Our aim will be not only to clarify Heisenberg's thought on the hidden-variables question, but in part also to clarify how this question was understood more generally at the time.

USSR Report, Science and Technology Policy.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-05-22

aspect of scientific communication. It is well known that the history of science abounds in debates which are connected with factual, theoretical, and...community on the given question. The study of the forms of debate in the history of science clearly demonstrates the nature of the scientific community as...interdisciplinary research in the history of science . The plan of the State Commission for the Electrification of Russia, which was drafted in 1920 on

We Are A Region! A Report for the New York Metropolitan Transportation Council Long Range Plan: Critical Issues-Critical Choices, A Mobility Plan for the New York Region Through the Year 2015 [Draft

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-12-01

This report is an attempt to demonstrate the mutual interdependence of the NYMTC region. What ties it together? How does diversity contribute to it as a region? This report seeks to answer these questions. A second objective is to use this report to ...

Science vs. Philosophy in Education: The Kelley-Kilpatrick Debate of 1929-31 as a Moment in the Development of Educational Analysis. Draft.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Szoke, Ron

The long-forgotten debate of 1929-31 between T. L. Kelley and W. H. Kilpatrick is reviewed with the aim of reviving the crucial, but dormant, issue of the competence of quantitative empirical research to answer educational questions. They debated the need to supplement scientific method with a philosophical approach sensitive to needs, impulses,…

E2C(R2) Periodic Benefit-Risk Evaluation Report and E2C(R2) Periodic Benefit-Risk Evaluation Report--Questions and Answers; International Council for Harmonisation; Guidances for Industry; Availability. Notice.

PubMed

2016-07-19

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or Agency) is announcing the availability of guidances for industry entitled ``E2C(R2) Periodic Benefit-Risk Evaluation'' (E2C(R2) guidance) and ``E2C(R2) Periodic Benefit-Risk Evaluation Report--Questions and Answers'' (E2C(R2) Q&A guidance). These guidances were prepared under the auspices of the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH), formerly the International Conference on Harmonisation. The E2C(R2) draft guidance, issued April 11, 2012, updated and combined two ICH guidances, ``E2C Clinical Safety Data Management: Periodic Safety Update Reports for Marketed Drugs'' (E2C guidance) and ``Addendum to E2C Clinical Safety Data Management: Periodic Safety Update Reports for Marketed Drugs'' (addendum to the E2C guidance). The E2C(R2) guidance is intended to describe the format, content, and timing of a Periodic Benefit-Risk Evaluation Report (PBRER) for an approved drug or biologic, and it finalizes the draft guidance. The E2C(R2) Q&A guidance is a supplementary guidance that is intended to clarify key issues in the E2C(R2) guidance.

Assessment and management of nutrition and growth in Rett syndrome

PubMed Central

Leonard, Helen; Ravikumara, Madhur; Baikie, Gordon; Naseem, Nusrat; Ellaway, Carolyn; Percy, Alan; Abraham, Suzanne; Geerts, Suzanne; Lane, Jane; Jones, Mary; Bathgate, Katherine; Downs, Jenny

2014-01-01

Objectives We developed recommendations for the clinical management of poor growth and weight gain in Rett syndrome through evidence review and the consensus of an expert panel of clinicians. Methods Initial draft recommendations were created based upon literature review and 34 open-ended questions where the literature was lacking. Statements and questions were made available to an international, multi-disciplinary panel of clinicians in an online format and a Microsoft Word formatted version of the draft via email. Input was sought using a 2-stage modified Delphi process to reach consensus agreement. Items included clinical assessment of growth, anthropometry, feeding difficulties and management to increase caloric intake, decrease feeding difficulties and consideration of gastrostomy. Results Agreement was achieved on 101/112 statements. A comprehensive approach to the management of poor growth in Rett syndrome is recommended that takes into account factors such as feeding difficulties and nutritional needs. A BMI of approximately the 25th centile can be considered as a reasonable target in clinical practice. Gastrostomy is indicated for very poor growth, if there is risk of aspiration and if feeding times are prolonged. Conclusions These evidence- and consensus-based recommendations have the potential to improve care of nutrition and growth in a rare condition and stimulate research to improve the current limited evidence base. PMID:24084372

Findings from a novel approach to publication guideline revision: user road testing of a draft version of SQUIRE 2.0.

PubMed

Davies, Louise; Donnelly, Kyla Z; Goodman, Daisy J; Ogrinc, Greg

2016-04-01

The Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence (SQUIRE) Guideline was published in 2008 (SQUIRE 1.0) and was the first publication guideline specifically designed to advance the science of healthcare improvement. Advances in the discipline of improvement prompted us to revise it. We adopted a novel approach to the revision by asking end-users to 'road test' a draft version of SQUIRE 2.0. The aim was to determine whether they understood and implemented the guidelines as intended by the developers. Forty-four participants were assigned a manuscript section (ie, introduction, methods, results, discussion) and asked to use the draft Guidelines to guide their writing process. They indicated the text that corresponded to each SQUIRE item used and submitted it along with a confidential survey. The survey examined usability of the Guidelines using Likert-scaled questions and participants' interpretation of key concepts in SQUIRE using open-ended questions. On the submitted text, we evaluated concordance between participants' item usage/interpretation and the developers' intended application. For the survey, the Likert-scaled responses were summarised using descriptive statistics and the open-ended questions were analysed by content analysis. Consistent with the SQUIRE Guidelines' recommendation that not every item be included, less than one-third (n=14) of participants applied every item in their section in full. Of the 85 instances when an item was partially used or was omitted, only 7 (8.2%) of these instances were due to participants not understanding the item. Usage of Guideline items was highest for items most similar to standard scientific reporting (ie, 'Specific aim of the improvement' (introduction), 'Description of the improvement' (methods) and 'Implications for further studies' (discussion)) and lowest (<20% of the time) for those unique to healthcare improvement (ie, 'Assessment methods for context factors that contributed to success or failure' and 'Costs and strategic trade-offs'). Items unique to healthcare improvement, specifically 'Evolution of the improvement', 'Context elements that influenced the improvement', 'The logic on which the improvement was based', 'Process and outcome measures', demonstrated poor concordance between participants' interpretation and developers' intended application. User testing of a draft version of SQUIRE 2.0 revealed which items have poor concordance between developer intent and author usage, which will inform final editing of the Guideline and development of supporting supplementary materials. It also identified the items that require special attention when teaching about scholarly writing in healthcare improvement. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

Corporations now included under Section 189

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Arlinghaus, B.P.; Anderson, D.T.

1983-12-01

This article examines some of the issues, including the ''real property'' question, that corporations may encounter in implementing the provisions of Code Section 189 and its regulations. The extension of 189 to regular corporations represents a significant change in congressional intent, since it was originally enacted as a reform measure and is now primarily a provision to raise revenue at a time when Congress is facing a large dificit. Code Section 189 was conceived and enacted in haste, however, and this expansion will undoubtedly have an adverse impact on capital investment at a time when stimulation is needed for themore » economy as a whole. The workload of the courts and the Internal Revenue Service will certainly increase. Careful drafting of the regulations could anticipate potential issues and clarify them in the drafting stage. The meaning of real property, capitalization rate, capitalization period, and self-constructed assets all need to be carefully addressed. 18 references.« less

Draft Plan for Characterizing Commercial Data Products in Support of Earth Science Research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ryan, Robert E.; Terrie, Greg; Berglund, Judith

2006-01-01

This presentation introduces a draft plan for characterizing commercial data products for Earth science research. The general approach to the commercial product verification and validation includes focused selection of a readily available commercial remote sensing products that support Earth science research. Ongoing product verification and characterization will question whether the product meets specifications and will examine its fundamental properties, potential and limitations. Validation will encourage product evaluation for specific science research and applications. Specific commercial products included in the characterization plan include high-spatial-resolution multispectral (HSMS) imagery and LIDAR data products. Future efforts in this process will include briefing NASA headquarters and modifying plans based on feedback, increased engagement with the science community and refinement of details, coordination with commercial vendors and The Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation (JACIE) for HSMS satellite acquisitions, acquiring waveform LIDAR data and performing verification and validation.

Publication Guidelines for Quality Improvement Studies in Health Care: Evolution of the SQUIRE Project

PubMed Central

Batalden, Paul; Stevens, David; Ogrinc, Greg; Mooney, Susan

2008-01-01

In 2005 we published draft guidelines for reporting studies of quality improvement interventions as the initial step in a consensus process for development of a more definitive version. The current article contains the revised version, which we refer to as SQUIRE (Standards for QUality Improvement Reporting Excellence). We describe the consensus process, which included informal feedback, formal written commentaries, input from publication guideline developers, review of the literature on the epistemology of improvement and on methods for evaluating complex social programs, and a meeting of stakeholders for critical review of the guidelines’ content and wording, followed by commentary on sequential versions from an expert consultant group. Finally, we examine major differences between SQUIRE and the initial draft, and consider limitations of and unresolved questions about SQUIRE; we also describe ancillary supporting documents and alternative versions under development, and plans for dissemination, testing, and further development of SQUIRE. PMID:18830766

A reply from earth? - A proposed approach to developing a message from humankind to extraterrestrial intelligence after we detect them

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Michaud, Michael; Billingham, John; Tarter, Jill

1990-01-01

The question of the formulation of a proper response to the detection of an extraterrestrial civilization is considered. It is proposed that an international agreement or declaration of principles establishing procedures enabling international participation in the making of such decisions be developed and that the SETI Committee of the International Academy of Aeronautics, in cooperation with other interested bodies, draft an agreement or declaration of principles that would set up these procedures; and that the draft be presented to the United Nations for consideration through the Committee on Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. A suggested outline of the agreement or declaration is presented and proposes that a response to the detection of extraterrestrial intelligence should be on behalf of all humankind; that this decision should be made by an appropriately representative international body; and that the content of the reply should reflect an international consensus.

Reduction of postprandial glycemia by the novel viscous polysaccharide PGX, in a dose-dependent manner, independent of food form.

PubMed

Jenkins, Alexandra L; Kacinik, Veronica; Lyon, Michael R; Wolever, Thomas Ms

2010-04-01

Health benefits of viscous fiber intake are well established; nevertheless few effective and palatable preparations are available. The objective of the study therefore was to determine palatability and effectiveness of escalating doses of PGX, a novel viscous polysaccharide (NVP), in reducing postprandial glycemia when added to a liquid and a solid meal. Two open-label, randomized, controlled trials were undertaken. Glycemic Index Laboratories, Inc, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Two groups of 10 healthy subjects each (group 1: 5 M, 5 F; 35.6 +/- 13.2 y; 24.6 +/- 2.1 kg/m(2); and group 2: 3 M, 7 F; 33.5 +/- 11.1 y; 26.3 +/- 5.2 kg/m(2)) were studied. Zero, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 g of NVP were added to a glucose drink (group 1) or to white bread and margarine (WB + Marg) (group 2). Subjects repeated glucose control (group 1) or WB control (group 2) 3 times to allow calculation of the glycemic index (GI). Measures of Outcomes: Palatability of foods and capillary blood glucose concentrations were measured fasting and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after the start of the meal. Addition of NVP to the meal reduced blood glucose incremental areas under the curve irrespective of dose, reaching significance at the 7.5 g dose when added to glucose (p < 0.01), and at the 5 and 7.5 g doses when added to WB + Marg (p < 0.001). The GI values of glucose with 0, 2.5, 5, or 7.5 g of NVP were (mean +/- standard error of the mean [SEM]) 100.0 +/- 0.0, 83.7 +/- 9.0, 77.7 +/- 8.2, and 72.5 +/- 5.9, respectively; the GI of the WB alone, or of WB + Marg, with 0, 2.5, 5, or 7.5 g of NVP was 71.0 +/- 0.0, 66.8 +/- 3.0, 47.5 +/- 5.9, 37.3 +/- 5.9, and 33.9 +/- 3.6, respectively. Addition of NVP to different food matrices is highly effective in lowering the glycemic index of a food in a dose-responsive manner.

Analysis of UAS DAA Alerting in Fast-Time Simulations without DAA Mitigation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thipphavong, David P.; Santiago, Confesor; Isaacson, Douglas R.; Lee, Seung Man; Park, Chunki; Refai, Mohamad Said; Snow, James

2015-01-01

Realization of the expected proliferation of Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) operations in the National Airspace System (NAS) depends on the development and validation of performance standards for UAS Detect and Avoid (DAA) Systems. The RTCA Special Committee 228 is charged with leading the development of draft Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS) for UAS DAA Systems. NASA, as a participating member of RTCA SC-228 is committed to supporting the development and validation of draft requirements for DAA alerting system performance. A recent study conducted using NASA's ACES (Airspace Concept Evaluation System) simulation capability begins to address questions surrounding the development of draft MOPS for DAA alerting systems. ACES simulations were conducted to study the performance of alerting systems proposed by the SC-228 DAA Alerting sub-group. Analysis included but was not limited to: 1) correct alert (and timeliness), 2) false alert (and severity and duration), 3) missed alert, and 4) probability of an alert type at the time of loss of well clear. The performance of DAA alerting systems when using intent vs. dead-reckoning for UAS ownship trajectories was also compared. The results will be used by SC-228 to inform decisions about the surveillance standards of UAS DAA systems and future requirements development and validation efforts.

Analysis of UAS DAA Surveillance in Fast-Time Simulations without DAA Mitigation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thipphavong, David P.; Santiago, Confesor; Isaacson, David R.; Lee, Seung Man; Refai, Mohamad Said; Snow, James William

2015-01-01

Realization of the expected proliferation of Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) operations in the National Airspace System (NAS) depends on the development and validation of performance standards for UAS Detect and Avoid (DAA) Systems. The RTCA Special Committee 228 is charged with leading the development of draft Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS) for UAS DAA Systems. NASA, as a participating member of RTCA SC-228 is committed to supporting the development and validation of draft requirements for DAA surveillance system performance. A recent study conducted using NASA's ACES (Airspace Concept Evaluation System) simulation capability begins to address questions surrounding the development of draft MOPS for DAA surveillance systems. ACES simulations were conducted to study the performance of sensor systems proposed by the SC-228 DAA Surveillance sub-group. Analysis included but was not limited to: 1) number of intruders (both IFR and VFR) detected by all sensors as a function of UAS flight time, 2) number of intruders (both IFR and VFR) detected by radar alone as a function of UAS flight time, and 3) number of VFR intruders detected by all sensors as a function of UAS flight time. The results will be used by SC-228 to inform decisions about the surveillance standards of UAS DAA systems and future requirements development and validation efforts.

The diagnosis of male infertility: an analysis of the evidence to support the development of global WHO guidance-challenges and future research opportunities.

PubMed

Barratt, Christopher L R; Björndahl, Lars; De Jonge, Christopher J; Lamb, Dolores J; Osorio Martini, Francisco; McLachlan, Robert; Oates, Robert D; van der Poel, Sheryl; St John, Bianca; Sigman, Mark; Sokol, Rebecca; Tournaye, Herman

2017-11-01

Herein, we describe the consensus guideline methodology, summarize the evidence-based recommendations we provided to the World Health Organization (WHO) for their consideration in the development of global guidance and present a narrative review of the diagnosis of male infertility as related to the eight prioritized (problem or population (P), intervention (I), comparison (C) and outcome(s) (O) (PICO)) questions. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and research gaps identified during the synthesis of this evidence. The aim of this paper is to present an evidence-based approach for the diagnosis of male infertility as related to the eight prioritized PICO questions. Collating the evidence to support providing recommendations involved a collaborative process as developed by WHO, namely: identification of priority questions and critical outcomes; retrieval of up-to-date evidence and existing guidelines; assessment and synthesis of the evidence; and the formulation of draft recommendations to be used for reaching consensus with a wide range of global stakeholders. For each draft recommendation the quality of the supporting evidence was then graded and assessed for consideration during a WHO consensus. Evidence was synthesized and recommendations were drafted to address the diagnosis of male infertility specifically encompassing the following: What is the prevalence of male infertility and what proportion of infertility is attributable to the male? Is it necessary for all infertile men to undergo a thorough evaluation? What is the clinical (ART/non ART) value of traditional semen parameters? What key male lifestyle factors impact on fertility (focusing on obesity, heat and tobacco smoking)? Do supplementary oral antioxidants or herbal therapies significantly influence fertility outcomes for infertile men? What are the evidence-based criteria for genetic screening of infertile men? How does a history of neoplasia and related treatments in the male impact on (his and his partner's) reproductive health and fertility options? And lastly, what is the impact of varicocele on male fertility and does correction of varicocele improve semen parameters and/or fertility? This evidence synthesis analysis has been conducted in a manner to be considered for global applicability for the diagnosis of male infertility. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology.

The diagnosis of male infertility: an analysis of the evidence to support the development of global WHO guidance—challenges and future research opportunities

PubMed Central

Barratt, Christopher L R; Björndahl, Lars; De Jonge, Christopher J; Lamb, Dolores J; Osorio Martini, Francisco; McLachlan, Robert; Oates, Robert D; van der Poel, Sheryl; St John, Bianca; Sigman, Mark; Sokol, Rebecca; Tournaye, Herman

2017-01-01

Abstract BACKGROUND Herein, we describe the consensus guideline methodology, summarize the evidence-based recommendations we provided to the World Health Organization (WHO) for their consideration in the development of global guidance and present a narrative review of the diagnosis of male infertility as related to the eight prioritized (problem or population (P), intervention (I), comparison (C) and outcome(s) (O) (PICO)) questions. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and research gaps identified during the synthesis of this evidence. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The aim of this paper is to present an evidence-based approach for the diagnosis of male infertility as related to the eight prioritized PICO questions. SEARCH METHODS Collating the evidence to support providing recommendations involved a collaborative process as developed by WHO, namely: identification of priority questions and critical outcomes; retrieval of up-to-date evidence and existing guidelines; assessment and synthesis of the evidence; and the formulation of draft recommendations to be used for reaching consensus with a wide range of global stakeholders. For each draft recommendation the quality of the supporting evidence was then graded and assessed for consideration during a WHO consensus. OUTCOMES Evidence was synthesized and recommendations were drafted to address the diagnosis of male infertility specifically encompassing the following: What is the prevalence of male infertility and what proportion of infertility is attributable to the male? Is it necessary for all infertile men to undergo a thorough evaluation? What is the clinical (ART/non ART) value of traditional semen parameters? What key male lifestyle factors impact on fertility (focusing on obesity, heat and tobacco smoking)? Do supplementary oral antioxidants or herbal therapies significantly influence fertility outcomes for infertile men? What are the evidence-based criteria for genetic screening of infertile men? How does a history of neoplasia and related treatments in the male impact on (his and his partner's) reproductive health and fertility options? And lastly, what is the impact of varicocele on male fertility and does correction of varicocele improve semen parameters and/or fertility? WIDER IMPLICATIONS This evidence synthesis analysis has been conducted in a manner to be considered for global applicability for the diagnosis of male infertility. PMID:28981651

Does knowledge brokering improve the quality of rapid review proposals? A before and after study.

PubMed

Moore, Gabriel; Redman, Sally; D'Este, Catherine; Makkar, Steve; Turner, Tari

2017-01-28

Rapid reviews are increasingly being used to help policy makers access research in short time frames. A clear articulation of the review's purpose, questions, scope, methods and reporting format is thought to improve the quality and generalisability of review findings. The aim of the study is to explore the effectiveness of knowledge brokering in improving the perceived clarity of rapid review proposals from the perspective of potential reviewers. To conduct the study, we drew on the Evidence Check program, where policy makers draft a review proposal (a pre knowledge brokering proposal) and have a 1-hour session with a knowledge broker, who re-drafts the proposal based on the discussion (a post knowledge brokering proposal). We asked 30 reviewers who had previously undertaken Evidence Check reviews to examine the quality of 60 pre and 60 post knowledge brokering proposals. Reviewers were blind to whether the review proposals they received were pre or post knowledge brokering. Using a six-point Likert scale, reviewers scored six questions examining clarity of information about the review's purpose, questions, scope, method and format and reviewers' confidence that they could meet policy makers' needs. Each reviewer was allocated two pre and two post knowledge brokering proposals, randomly ordered, from the 60 reviews, ensuring no reviewer received a pre and post knowledge brokering proposal from the same review. The results showed that knowledge brokering significantly improved the scores for all six questions addressing the perceived clarity of the review proposal and confidence in meeting policy makers' needs; with average changes of 0.68 to 1.23 from pre to post across the six domains. This study found that knowledge brokering increased the perceived clarity of information provided in Evidence Check rapid review proposals and the confidence of reviewers that they could meet policy makers' needs. Further research is needed to identify how the knowledge brokering process achieves these improvements and to test the applicability of the findings in other rapid review programs.

Outstanding Questions In First Amendment Law Related To Food Labeling Disclosure Requirements For Health.

PubMed

Pomeranz, Jennifer L

2015-11-01

The federal and state governments are increasingly focusing on food labeling as a method to support good health. Many such laws are opposed by the food industry and may be challenged in court, raising the question of what is legally feasible. This article analyzes outstanding questions in First Amendment law related to commercial disclosure requirements and conducts legal analysis and policy evaluation for three current policies. These include the Food and Drug Administration's draft regulation requiring an added sugar disclosure on the Nutrition Facts panel, California's proposed sugar-sweetened beverage safety warning label bill, and Vermont's law requiring labels of genetically engineered food to disclose this information. I recommend several methods for policy makers to enact food labeling laws within First Amendment parameters, including imposing factual commercial disclosure requirements, disclosing the government entity issuing a warning, collecting evidence, and identifying legitimate governmental interests. Project HOPE—The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.

Guidelines for economic analysis of pharmaceutical products: a draft document for Ontario and Canada.

PubMed

Detsky, A S

1993-05-01

In Canada, provincial formulary review committees consider the effectiveness, safety, and cost of products when they derive advice for each Minister of Health. This article offers a draft set of guidelines for pharmaceutical manufacturers making submissions which include economic information, moving beyond a simple presentation of the unit price of the pharmaceutical product (e.g. price per day or course of therapy) and comparison to similar prices for alternative products. A full economic analysis compares all relevant costs and clinical outcomes of the new product with alternate therapeutic strategies for treating patients with a particular condition. The perspective of the decision maker must be clearly identified. The quality of the evidence supporting estimates of the variables incorporated in the analysis should be evaluated. Sensitivity analyses are used to assess the robustness of the qualitative conclusions. Reviewers will examine the answers to a set of 19 questions. Manufacturers can use these questions as a worksheet for preparation of an economic analysis to be incorporated in a submission. These guidelines are intended to be a starting point for further refinement, and discussion with health economists in industry and academia. Considerable flexibility will be used in reviewing documentation supporting economic analysis. Those preparing submissions should be encouraged to experiment with various approaches as part of the general development of this field and to engage provincial review committees in ongoing discussions.

[Why is it so difficult to legislate on alcohol in Spain?].

PubMed

Rodríguez-Martos, Alicia

2007-01-01

Wine belongs to the Mediterranean culture. Drinking alcohol is part of our social life, and its negative consequences have often been minimised, blame being apportioned rather to the individual, who doesn't know how to drink, than to the agent causing the harm. In recent years, road accidents and binge-drinking among young people have put alcohol on the political agenda. Adolescents and young adults have increased their consumption, and a pattern of binge-drinking has developed based on the open-air 'fiesta' nightlife, where groups of young people drink large bottles in the streets and squares (botellón). Educational campaigns and material have been mounted and produced, but two consecutive draft laws on measures for the prevention of alcohol-related harm have failed to be approved, coming up on both occasions against the same vested interests. This editorial reviews the ambivalence of society towards regulations on alcohol and the current state of the art. The first draft law (2002) was about preventing alcohol problems in the general population; the second (2006) was limited to the question of prevention among minors. Nobody could oppose it, not even the industry. However, an interested bias put the accent on wine--which allegedly should be considered not as alcohol but rather as food, and consequently removed from the law--so that discussion of the draft law became a 'wine war', with predictable consequences. Once again, a draft law on alcohol was shelved sine die and tossed into a corner to gather dust. WithIn this pessimistic scene, though, there are still some positive signs. No economic or political motives should constitute an obstacle to the protection of minors, at the very least.

Predictive Value of National Football League Scouting Combine on Future Performance of Running Backs and Wide Receivers.

PubMed

Teramoto, Masaru; Cross, Chad L; Willick, Stuart E

2016-05-01

The National Football League (NFL) Scouting Combine is held each year before the NFL Draft to measure athletic abilities and football skills of college football players. Although the NFL Scouting Combine can provide the NFL teams with an opportunity to evaluate college players for the upcoming NFL Draft, its value for predicting future success of players has been questioned. This study examined whether the NFL Combine measures can predict future performance of running backs (RBs) and wide receivers (WRs) in the NFL. We analyzed the 2000-09 Combine data of RBs (N = 276) and WRs (N = 447) and their on-field performance for the first 3 years after the draft and over their entire careers in the NFL, using correlation and regression analyses, along with a principal component analysis (PCA). The results of the analyses showed that, after accounting for the number of games played, draft position, height (HT), and weight (WT), the time on 10-yard dash was the most important predictor of rushing yards per attempt of the first 3 years (p = 0.002) and of the careers (p < 0.001) in RBs. For WRs, vertical jump was found to be significantly associated with receiving yards per reception of the first 3 years (p = 0.001) and of the careers (p = 0.004) in the NFL, after adjusting for the covariates above. Furthermore, HT was most important in predicting future performance of WRs. The analyses also revealed that the 8 athletic drills in the Combine seemed to have construct validity. It seems that the NFL Scouting Combine has some value for predicting future performance of RBs and WRs in the NFL.

Sharing Research Data and Intellectual Property Law: A Primer.

PubMed

Carroll, Michael W

2015-08-01

Sharing research data by depositing it in connection with a published article or otherwise making data publicly available sometimes raises intellectual property questions in the minds of depositing researchers, their employers, their funders, and other researchers who seek to reuse research data. In this context or in the drafting of data management plans, common questions are (1) what are the legal rights in data; (2) who has these rights; and (3) how does one with these rights use them to share data in a way that permits or encourages productive downstream uses? Leaving to the side privacy and national security laws that regulate sharing certain types of data, this Perspective explains how to work through the general intellectual property and contractual issues for all research data.

Women Content in Units: Force Development Test (MAX WAC)

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-10-03

ARTEPs, the positive nature of the responses to th"se questions suggests that it is -alikely that gros& errors would be made.usin& the ARTEP as a basis...companies, while the second ARTEP was conducted solely for the purpose& of the project. The unofficial nature of the second ARTEP was alto true for the...been excluded from this section of the report due to its voluminous and, in some cases, draft style nature . All refrences are available for inspection

A Case for Pharmacogenomics in Management of Cardiac Arrhythmias

PubMed Central

Kandoi, Gaurav; Nanda, Anjali; Scaria, Vinod; Sivasubbu, Sridhar

2012-01-01

Disorders of the cardiac rhythm are quite prevalent in clinical practice. Though the variability in drug response between individuals has been extensively studied, this information has not been widely used in clinical practice. Rapid advances in the field of pharmacogenomics have provided us with crucial insights on inter-individual genetic variability and its impact on drug metabolism and action. Technologies for faster and cheaper genetic testing and even personal genome sequencing would enable clinicians to optimize prescription based on the genetic makeup of the individual, which would open up new avenues in the area of personalized medicine. We have systematically looked at literature evidence on pharmacogenomics markers for anti-arrhythmic agents from the OpenPGx consortium collection and reason the applicability of genetics in the management of arrhythmia. We also discuss potential issues that need to be resolved before personalized pharmacogenomics becomes a reality in regular clinical practice. PMID:22557843

Sharing Research Data and Intellectual Property Law: A Primer

PubMed Central

Carroll, Michael W.

2015-01-01

Sharing research data by depositing it in connection with a published article or otherwise making data publicly available sometimes raises intellectual property questions in the minds of depositing researchers, their employers, their funders, and other researchers who seek to reuse research data. In this context or in the drafting of data management plans, common questions are (1) what are the legal rights in data; (2) who has these rights; and (3) how does one with these rights use them to share data in a way that permits or encourages productive downstream uses? Leaving to the side privacy and national security laws that regulate sharing certain types of data, this Perspective explains how to work through the general intellectual property and contractual issues for all research data. PMID:26313685

46 CFR 97.40-10 - Draft marks and draft indicating systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Draft marks and draft indicating systems. 97.40-10... VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings on Vessels § 97.40-10 Draft marks and draft indicating systems. (a) All vessels must have draft marks plainly and legibly visible upon the stem and upon the sternpost or...

46 CFR 196.40-10 - Draft marks and draft indicating systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Draft marks and draft indicating systems. 196.40-10... VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings on Vessels § 196.40-10 Draft marks and draft indicating systems. (a) All vessels must have draft marks plainly and legibly visible upon the stem and upon the sternpost or...

46 CFR 78.50-10 - Draft marks and draft indicating systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Draft marks and draft indicating systems. 78.50-10... OPERATIONS Markings on Vessels § 78.50-10 Draft marks and draft indicating systems. (a) All vessels must have draft marks plainly and legibly visible upon the stem and upon the sternpost or rudderpost or any place...

46 CFR 97.40-10 - Draft marks and draft indicating systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Draft marks and draft indicating systems. 97.40-10... VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings on Vessels § 97.40-10 Draft marks and draft indicating systems. (a) All vessels must have draft marks plainly and legibly visible upon the stem and upon the sternpost or...

46 CFR 97.40-10 - Draft marks and draft indicating systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Draft marks and draft indicating systems. 97.40-10... VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings on Vessels § 97.40-10 Draft marks and draft indicating systems. (a) All vessels must have draft marks plainly and legibly visible upon the stem and upon the sternpost or...

46 CFR 196.40-10 - Draft marks and draft indicating systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Draft marks and draft indicating systems. 196.40-10... VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings on Vessels § 196.40-10 Draft marks and draft indicating systems. (a) All vessels must have draft marks plainly and legibly visible upon the stem and upon the sternpost or...

46 CFR 97.40-10 - Draft marks and draft indicating systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Draft marks and draft indicating systems. 97.40-10... VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings on Vessels § 97.40-10 Draft marks and draft indicating systems. (a) All vessels must have draft marks plainly and legibly visible upon the stem and upon the sternpost or...

46 CFR 196.40-10 - Draft marks and draft indicating systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Draft marks and draft indicating systems. 196.40-10... VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings on Vessels § 196.40-10 Draft marks and draft indicating systems. (a) All vessels must have draft marks plainly and legibly visible upon the stem and upon the sternpost or...

46 CFR 78.50-10 - Draft marks and draft indicating systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Draft marks and draft indicating systems. 78.50-10... OPERATIONS Markings on Vessels § 78.50-10 Draft marks and draft indicating systems. (a) All vessels must have draft marks plainly and legibly visible upon the stem and upon the sternpost or rudderpost or any place...

46 CFR 78.50-10 - Draft marks and draft indicating systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Draft marks and draft indicating systems. 78.50-10... OPERATIONS Markings on Vessels § 78.50-10 Draft marks and draft indicating systems. (a) All vessels must have draft marks plainly and legibly visible upon the stem and upon the sternpost or rudderpost or any place...

46 CFR 78.50-10 - Draft marks and draft indicating systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Draft marks and draft indicating systems. 78.50-10... OPERATIONS Markings on Vessels § 78.50-10 Draft marks and draft indicating systems. (a) All vessels must have draft marks plainly and legibly visible upon the stem and upon the sternpost or rudderpost or any place...

46 CFR 97.40-10 - Draft marks and draft indicating systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Draft marks and draft indicating systems. 97.40-10... VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings on Vessels § 97.40-10 Draft marks and draft indicating systems. (a) All vessels must have draft marks plainly and legibly visible upon the stem and upon the sternpost or...

46 CFR 196.40-10 - Draft marks and draft indicating systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Draft marks and draft indicating systems. 196.40-10... VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings on Vessels § 196.40-10 Draft marks and draft indicating systems. (a) All vessels must have draft marks plainly and legibly visible upon the stem and upon the sternpost or...

46 CFR 78.50-10 - Draft marks and draft indicating systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Draft marks and draft indicating systems. 78.50-10... OPERATIONS Markings on Vessels § 78.50-10 Draft marks and draft indicating systems. (a) All vessels must have draft marks plainly and legibly visible upon the stem and upon the sternpost or rudderpost or any place...

46 CFR 196.40-10 - Draft marks and draft indicating systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Draft marks and draft indicating systems. 196.40-10... VESSELS OPERATIONS Markings on Vessels § 196.40-10 Draft marks and draft indicating systems. (a) All vessels must have draft marks plainly and legibly visible upon the stem and upon the sternpost or...

46 CFR 32.05-1 - Draft marks and draft indicating systems-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Draft marks and draft indicating systems-TB/ALL. 32.05-1..., MACHINERY, AND HULL REQUIREMENTS Markings § 32.05-1 Draft marks and draft indicating systems—TB/ALL. (a) All vessels must have draft marks plainly and legibly visible upon the stem and upon the sternpost or...

46 CFR 32.05-1 - Draft marks and draft indicating systems-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Draft marks and draft indicating systems-TB/ALL. 32.05-1..., MACHINERY, AND HULL REQUIREMENTS Markings § 32.05-1 Draft marks and draft indicating systems—TB/ALL. (a) All vessels must have draft marks plainly and legibly visible upon the stem and upon the sternpost or...

46 CFR 32.05-1 - Draft marks and draft indicating systems-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Draft marks and draft indicating systems-TB/ALL. 32.05-1..., MACHINERY, AND HULL REQUIREMENTS Markings § 32.05-1 Draft marks and draft indicating systems—TB/ALL. (a) All vessels must have draft marks plainly and legibly visible upon the stem and upon the sternpost or...

46 CFR 32.05-1 - Draft marks and draft indicating systems-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Draft marks and draft indicating systems-TB/ALL. 32.05-1..., MACHINERY, AND HULL REQUIREMENTS Markings § 32.05-1 Draft marks and draft indicating systems—TB/ALL. (a) All vessels must have draft marks plainly and legibly visible upon the stem and upon the sternpost or...

46 CFR 32.05-1 - Draft marks and draft indicating systems-TB/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Draft marks and draft indicating systems-TB/ALL. 32.05-1..., MACHINERY, AND HULL REQUIREMENTS Markings § 32.05-1 Draft marks and draft indicating systems—TB/ALL. (a) All vessels must have draft marks plainly and legibly visible upon the stem and upon the sternpost or...

Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder: A Consensus Report of the Mind Exchange Program

PubMed Central

Antinori, Andrea; Arendt, Gabriele; Grant, Igor; Letendre, Scott; Chair; Muñoz-Moreno, Jose A.; Eggers, Christian; Brew, Bruce; Brouillette, Marie-Josée; Bernal-Cano, Francisco; Carvalhal, Adriana; Christo, Paulo Pereira; Cinque, Paola; Cysique, Lucette; Ellis, Ronald; Everall, Ian; Gasnault, Jacques; Husstedt, Ingo; Korten, Volkan; Machala, Ladislav; Obermann, Mark; Ouakinin, Silvia; Podzamczer, Daniel; Portegies, Peter; Rackstraw, Simon; Rourke, Sean; Sherr, Lorraine; Streinu-Cercel, Adrian; Winston, Alan; Wojna, Valerie; Yazdanpannah, Yazdan; Arbess, Gordon; Baril, Jean-Guy; Begovac, Josip; Bergin, Colm; Bonfanti, Paolo; Bonora, Stefano; Brinkman, Kees; Canestri, Ana; Cholewińska-Szymańska, Graźyna; Chowers, Michal; Cooney, John; Corti, Marcelo; Doherty, Colin; Elbirt, Daniel; Esser, Stefan; Florence, Eric; Force, Gilles; Gill, John; Goffard, Jean-Christophe; Harrer, Thomas; Li, Patrick; de Kerckhove, Linos Van; Knecht, Gaby; Matsushita, Shuzo; Matulionyte, Raimonda; McConkey, Sam; Mouglignier, Antoine; Oka, Shinichi; Penalva, Augusto; Riesenberg, Klaris; Sambatakou, Helen; Tozzi, Valerio; Vassallo, Matteo; Wetterberg, Peter; Drapato, Alicia Wiercińska

2013-01-01

Many practical clinical questions regarding the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) remain unanswered. We sought to identify and develop practical answers to key clinical questions in HAND management. Sixty-six specialists from 30 countries provided input into the program, which was overseen by a steering committee. Fourteen questions were rated as being of greatest clinical importance. Answers were drafted by an expert group based on a comprehensive literature review. Sixty-three experts convened to determine consensus and level of evidence for the answers. Consensus was reached on all answers. For instance, good practice suggests that all HIV patients should be screened for HAND early in disease using standardized tools. Follow-up frequency depends on whether HAND is already present or whether clinical data suggest risk for developing HAND. Worsening neurocognitive impairment may trigger consideration of antiretroviral modification when other causes have been excluded. The Mind Exchange program provides practical guidance in the diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment of HAND. PMID:23175555

Health system guidance appraisal--concept evaluation and usability testing.

PubMed

Ako-Arrey, Denis E; Brouwers, Melissa C; Lavis, John N; Giacomini, Mita K

2016-01-05

Health system guidance (HSG) provides recommendations aimed to address health system challenges. However, there is a paucity of methods to direct, appraise, and report HSG. Earlier research identified 30 candidate criteria (concepts) that can be used to evaluate the quality of HSG and guide development and reporting requirements. The objective of this paper was to describe two studies aimed at evaluating the importance of these 30 criteria, design a draft HSG appraisal tool, and test its usability. This study involved a two-step survey process. In step 1, respondents rated the 30 concepts for appropriateness to, relevance to, and priority for health system decisions and HSG. This led to a draft tool. In step 2, respondents reviewed HSG documents, appraised them using the tool, and answered a series of questions. Descriptive analyses were computed. Fifty participants were invited in step 1, and we had a response rate of 82 %. The mean response rates for each concept within each survey question were universally favorable. There was also an overall agreement about the need for a high-quality tool to systematically direct the development, appraisal, and reporting of HSG. Qualitative feedback and a consensus process by the team led to refinements to some of the concepts and the creation of a beta (draft) version of the HSG tool. In step 2, 35 participants were invited and we had a response rate of 74 %. Exploratory analyses showed that the quality of the HSGs reviewed varied as a function of the HSG item and the specific document assessed. A favorable consensus was reached with participants agreeing that the HSG items were easy to understand and easy to apply. Moreover, the overall agreement was high for the usability of the tool to systematically direct the development (85 %), appraisal (92 %), and reporting (81 %) of HSG. From this process, version 1.0 of the HSG appraisal tool was generated complete with 32 items (and their descriptions) and 4 domains. The final tool, named the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation for Health Systems (AGREE-HS) (version 1), defines expectations of HSG and facilitates informed decisions among policymakers on health system delivery, financial, and governance arrangements.

Drafting Fundamentals. Drafting Module 1. Instructor's Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Missouri Univ., Columbia. Instructional Materials Lab.

This Missouri Vocational Instruction Management System instructor's drafting guide has been keyed to the drafting competency profile developed by state industry and education professionals. The guide contains a cross-reference table of instructional materials. Ten units cover drafting fundamentals: (1) introduction to drafting; (2) general safety;…

Functional Drafting, Drafting--Intermediate: 9255.02.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dade County Public Schools, Miami, FL.

The course consists of six instructional blocks totaling 135 clock hours: (1) functional drafting, (2) threads and fasteners, (3) pictorial drawings, (4) introduction to electronic drafting, (5) introduction to piping drafting, and (6) Quinmester posttest. Mastery of skills indicated in Drafting-Basic--9255.01 is a prerequisite. In the functional…

76 FR 41808 - Draft Environmental Impact Statement and Draft Habitat Conservation Plan for Oncor Electric...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-15

...] Draft Environmental Impact Statement and Draft Habitat Conservation Plan for Oncor Electric Delivery..., announce the availability of the draft environmental impact statement and the draft Oncor Electric Delivery... Oncor Electric Delivery Company, LLC (Applicant; Oncor), and (2) That the Applicant has developed a...

The Judge Advocate’s Dual Mission in a Low-Intensity Conflict Environment. Case Study: Joint Task Force-Bravo, Where Can I Shoot the Prisoners? Is Never the Question

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-04-01

pressured the most accessible debtors into payment, while the CJA filed a request for assistance with the Auditoria General (AG) (essentially, The Judge...Assists J-3, and DCSENG in Procuring Land Use Agreements. Works in tandem with Mobile District Engineers and Auditoria General in Drafting Land Leases...approved by the Embassy, and endorsed by the Auditoria General to exonerate A-lI U.S. from payment of three existing bills then coordination among

A Computer Model of Drafting Effects on Collective Behavior in Elite 10,000-m Runners.

PubMed

Trenchard, Hugh; Renfree, Andrew; Peters, Derek M

2017-03-01

Drafting in cycling influences collective behavior of pelotons. Although evidence for collective behavior in competitive running events exists, it is not clear if this results from energetic savings conferred by drafting. This study modeled the effects of drafting on behavior in elite 10,000-m runners. Using performance data from a men's elite 10,000-m track running event, computer simulations were constructed using Netlogo 5.1 to test the effects of 3 different drafting quantities on collective behavior: no drafting, drafting to 3 m behind with up to ~8% energy savings (a realistic running draft), and drafting up to 3 m behind with up to 38% energy savings (a realistic cycling draft). Three measures of collective behavior were analyzed in each condition: mean speed, mean group stretch (distance between first- and last-placed runner), and runner-convergence ratio (RCR), which represents the degree of drafting benefit obtained by the follower in a pair of coupled runners. Mean speeds were 6.32 ± 0.28, 5.57 ± 0.18, and 5.51 ± 0.13 m/s in the cycling-draft, runner-draft, and no-draft conditions, respectively (all P < .001). RCR was lower in the cycling-draft condition but did not differ between the other 2. Mean stretch did not differ between conditions. Collective behaviors observed in running events cannot be fully explained through energetic savings conferred by realistic drafting benefits. They may therefore result from other, possibly psychological, processes. The benefits or otherwise of engaging in such behavior are as yet unclear.

46 CFR 131.220 - Drafts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Drafts. 131.220 Section 131.220 Shipping COAST GUARD... Drafts. (a) Each vessel must have the drafts of the vessel plainly and legibly marked upon the stem and... easy observance. The bottom of each mark must indicate the draft. (b) Each draft must be taken from the...

46 CFR 131.220 - Drafts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Drafts. 131.220 Section 131.220 Shipping COAST GUARD... Drafts. (a) Each vessel must have the drafts of the vessel plainly and legibly marked upon the stem and... easy observance. The bottom of each mark must indicate the draft. (b) Each draft must be taken from the...

33 CFR 401.29 - Maximum draft.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Maximum draft. 401.29 Section 401... TRANSPORTATION SEAWAY REGULATIONS AND RULES Regulations Seaway Navigation § 401.29 Maximum draft. (a) The draft...) The draft of a vessel shall not, in any case, exceed 79.2 dm or the maximum permissible draft...

46 CFR 131.220 - Drafts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Drafts. 131.220 Section 131.220 Shipping COAST GUARD... Drafts. (a) Each vessel must have the drafts of the vessel plainly and legibly marked upon the stem and... easy observance. The bottom of each mark must indicate the draft. (b) Each draft must be taken from the...

46 CFR 131.220 - Drafts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Drafts. 131.220 Section 131.220 Shipping COAST GUARD... Drafts. (a) Each vessel must have the drafts of the vessel plainly and legibly marked upon the stem and... easy observance. The bottom of each mark must indicate the draft. (b) Each draft must be taken from the...

33 CFR 401.29 - Maximum draft.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Maximum draft. 401.29 Section 401... TRANSPORTATION SEAWAY REGULATIONS AND RULES Regulations Seaway Navigation § 401.29 Maximum draft. (a) The draft...) The draft of a vessel shall not, in any case, exceed 79.2 dm or the maximum permissible draft...

46 CFR 131.220 - Drafts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Drafts. 131.220 Section 131.220 Shipping COAST GUARD... Drafts. (a) Each vessel must have the drafts of the vessel plainly and legibly marked upon the stem and... easy observance. The bottom of each mark must indicate the draft. (b) Each draft must be taken from the...

76 FR 57760 - Notice of Availability of Draft Resource Management Plan and Draft Environmental Impact Statement...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-16

... Availability of Draft Resource Management Plan and Draft Environmental Impact Statement for the Colorado River... prepared a Draft Resource Management Plan (RMP) and Draft Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the... alternative) seeks to allocate limited resources among competing human interests, land uses, and conservation...

33 CFR 401.29 - Maximum draft.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Maximum draft. 401.29 Section 401... TRANSPORTATION SEAWAY REGULATIONS AND RULES Regulations Seaway Navigation § 401.29 Maximum draft. (a) The draft...) The draft of a vessel shall not, in any case, exceed 79.2 dm or the maximum permissible draft...

76 FR 59732 - Draft Environmental Impact Statement and Draft Habitat Conservation Plan for Oncor Electric...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-27

...] Draft Environmental Impact Statement and Draft Habitat Conservation Plan for Oncor Electric Delivery... availability of the draft environmental impact statement (DEIS) and the draft Oncor Electric Delivery Company... announced that Oncor Electric Delivery Company, LLC, has applied under section 10(a)(1)(B) of the Endangered...

Genome analysis of Diploscapter coronatus: insights into molecular peculiarities of a nematode with parthenogenetic reproduction.

PubMed

Hiraki, Hideaki; Kagoshima, Hiroshi; Kraus, Christopher; Schiffer, Philipp H; Ueta, Yumiko; Kroiher, Michael; Schierenberg, Einhard; Kohara, Yuji

2017-06-24

Sexual reproduction involving the fusion of egg and sperm is prevailing among eukaryotes. In contrast, the nematode Diploscapter coronatus, a close relative of the model Caenorhabditis elegans, reproduces parthenogenetically. Neither males nor sperm have been observed and some steps of meiosis are apparently skipped in this species. To uncover the genomic changes associated with the evolution of parthenogenesis in this nematode, we carried out a genome analysis. We obtained a 170 Mbp draft genome in only 511 scaffolds with a N 50 length of 1 Mbp. Nearly 90% of these scaffolds constitute homologous pairs with a 5.7% heterozygosity on average and inversions and translocations, meaning that the 170 Mbp sequences correspond to the diploid genome. Fluorescent staining shows that the D. coronatus genome consists of two chromosomes (2n = 2). In our genome annotation, we found orthologs of 59% of the C. elegans genes. However, a number of genes were missing or very divergent. These include genes involved in sex determination (e.g. xol-1, tra-2) and meiosis (e.g. the kleisins rec-8 and coh-3/4) giving a possible explanation for the absence of males and the second meiotic division. The high degree of heterozygosity allowed us to analyze the expression level of individual alleles. Most of the homologous pairs show very similar expression levels but others exhibit a 2-5-fold difference. Our high-quality draft genome of D. coronatus reveals the peculiarities of the genome of parthenogenesis and provides some clues to the genetic basis for parthenogenetic reproduction. This draft genome should be the basis to elucidate fundamental questions related to parthenogenesis such as its origin and mechanisms through comparative analyses with other nematodes. Furthermore, being the closest outgroup to the genus Caenorhabditis, the draft genome will help to disclose many idiosyncrasies of the model C. elegans and its congeners in future studies.

The draft genomes of soft-shell turtle and green sea turtle yield insights into the development and evolution of the turtle-specific body plan.

PubMed

Wang, Zhuo; Pascual-Anaya, Juan; Zadissa, Amonida; Li, Wenqi; Niimura, Yoshihito; Huang, Zhiyong; Li, Chunyi; White, Simon; Xiong, Zhiqiang; Fang, Dongming; Wang, Bo; Ming, Yao; Chen, Yan; Zheng, Yuan; Kuraku, Shigehiro; Pignatelli, Miguel; Herrero, Javier; Beal, Kathryn; Nozawa, Masafumi; Li, Qiye; Wang, Juan; Zhang, Hongyan; Yu, Lili; Shigenobu, Shuji; Wang, Junyi; Liu, Jiannan; Flicek, Paul; Searle, Steve; Wang, Jun; Kuratani, Shigeru; Yin, Ye; Aken, Bronwen; Zhang, Guojie; Irie, Naoki

2013-06-01

The unique anatomical features of turtles have raised unanswered questions about the origin of their unique body plan. We generated and analyzed draft genomes of the soft-shell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) and the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas); our results indicated the close relationship of the turtles to the bird-crocodilian lineage, from which they split ∼267.9-248.3 million years ago (Upper Permian to Triassic). We also found extensive expansion of olfactory receptor genes in these turtles. Embryonic gene expression analysis identified an hourglass-like divergence of turtle and chicken embryogenesis, with maximal conservation around the vertebrate phylotypic period, rather than at later stages that show the amniote-common pattern. Wnt5a expression was found in the growth zone of the dorsal shell, supporting the possible co-option of limb-associated Wnt signaling in the acquisition of this turtle-specific novelty. Our results suggest that turtle evolution was accompanied by an unexpectedly conservative vertebrate phylotypic period, followed by turtle-specific repatterning of development to yield the novel structure of the shell.

Publication guidelines for quality improvement in health care: evolution of the SQUIRE project

PubMed Central

Davidoff, F; Batalden, P; Stevens, D; Ogrinc, G; Mooney, S

2008-01-01

In 2005, draft guidelines were published for reporting studies of quality improvement interventions as the initial step in a consensus process for development of a more definitive version. This article contains the full revised version of the guidelines, which the authors refer to as SQUIRE (Standards for QUality Improvement Reporting Excellence). This paper also describes the consensus process, which included informal feedback from authors, editors and peer reviewers who used the guidelines; formal written commentaries; input from a group of publication guideline developers; ongoing review of the literature on the epistemology of improvement and methods for evaluating complex social programmes; a two-day meeting of stakeholders for critical discussion and debate of the guidelines’ content and wording; and commentary on sequential versions of the guidelines from an expert consultant group. Finally, the authors consider the major differences between SQUIRE and the initial draft guidelines; limitations of and unresolved questions about SQUIRE; ancillary supporting documents and alternative versions that are under development; and plans for dissemination, testing and further development of SQUIRE. PMID:18836063

Automatic draft reading based on image processing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tsujii, Takahiro; Yoshida, Hiromi; Iiguni, Youji

2016-10-01

In marine transportation, a draft survey is a means to determine the quantity of bulk cargo. Automatic draft reading based on computer image processing has been proposed. However, the conventional draft mark segmentation may fail when the video sequence has many other regions than draft marks and a hull, and the estimated waterline is inherently higher than the true one. To solve these problems, we propose an automatic draft reading method that uses morphological operations to detect draft marks and estimate the waterline for every frame with Canny edge detection and a robust estimation. Moreover, we emulate surveyors' draft reading process for getting the understanding of a shipper and a receiver. In an experiment in a towing tank, the draft reading error of the proposed method was <1 cm, showing the advantage of the proposed method. It is also shown that accurate draft reading has been achieved in a real-world scene.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in patients with cystic fibrosis: scientific evidence regarding clinical impact, diagnosis, and treatment*

PubMed Central

da Silva, Luiz Vicente Ribeiro Ferreira; Ferreira, Flavia de Aguiar; Reis, Francisco José Caldeira; de Britto, Murilo Carlos Amorim; Levy, Carlos Emilio; Clark, Otavio; Ribeiro, José Dirceu

2013-01-01

Evidence-based techniques have been increasingly used in the creation of clinical guidelines and the development of recommendations for medical practice. The use of levels of evidence allows the reader to identify the quality of scientific information that supports the recommendations made by experts. The objective of this review was to address current concepts related to the clinical impact, diagnosis, and treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. For the preparation of this review, the authors defined a group of questions that would be answered in accordance with the principles of PICO–an acronym based on questions regarding the Patients of interest, Intervention being studied, Comparison of the intervention, and Outcome of interest. For each question, a structured review of the literature was performed using the Medline database in order to identify the studies with the methodological design most appropriate to answering the question. The questions were designed so that each of the authors could write a response. A first draft was prepared and discussed by the group. Recommendations were then made on the basis of the level of scientific evidence, in accordance with the classification system devised by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, as well as the level of agreement among the members of the group. PMID:24068273

Drafting: Current Trends and Future Practices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jensen, C.

1976-01-01

Various research findings are reported on drafting trends which the author feels should be incorporated into teaching drafting: (1) true position and geometric tolerancing, (2) decimal and metric dimensioning, (3) functional drafting, (4) automated drafting, and (5) drawing reproductions. (BP)

Mississippi Curriculum Framework for Drafting and Design Technology (Program CIP: 48.0102--Architectural Drafting Technology) (Program CIP: 48.0101--General Drafting). Postsecondary Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mississippi Research and Curriculum Unit for Vocational and Technical Education, State College.

This document, which is intended for use by community and junior colleges throughout Mississippi, contains curriculum frameworks for the two course sequences of the state's postsecondary-level drafting and design technology program: architectural drafting technology and drafting and design technology. Presented first are a program description and…

[Myths and evidence on the use of botulinum toxin: neuropharmacology and dystonia].

PubMed

Garcia-Ruiz, P J; Sanz-Cartagena, P; Martinez-Castrillo, J C; Ares-Pensado, B; Aviles-Olmos, I; Blazquez-Estrada, M; Fanjul-Arbos, S; Garcia-Caldentey, J; Gazulla, J; Gutierrez-Garcia, J; Huete-Anton, B; Lucas-Rodenas, C; Luquin, M R; Martinez-Torres, I; Medialdea-Natera, P; Mendoza-Rodriguez, A; Mir-Rivera, P; Posada, I J; Ruiz-Martinez, J; Sanchez-Alonso, P; Trejo-Gabriel Y Galan, J M; Vela, L; Pena-Segura, J L

2018-03-01

Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) is a bacterial endotoxin, whose therapeutic use has had a dramatic impact on different neurological disorders, such as dystonia and spasticity. To analyze and summarize different questions about the use of BTA in our clinical practice. A group of experts in neurology developed a list of topics related with the use of BTA. Two groups were considered: neuropharmacology and dystonia. A literature search at PubMed, mainly for English language articles published up to June 2016 was performed. The manuscript was structured as a questionnaire that includes those questions that, according to the panel opinion, could generate more controversy or doubt. The initial draft was reviewed by the expert panel members to allow modifications, and after subsequent revisions for achieving the highest degree of consensus, the final text was then validated. Different questions about diverse aspects of neuropharmacology, such as mechanism of action, bioequivalence of the different preparations, immunogenicity, etc. were included. Regarding dystonia, the document included questions about methods of evaluation, cervical dystonia, blepharospasm, etc. This review does not pretend to be a guide, but rather a tool for continuous training of residents and specialists in neurology, about different specific areas of the management of BTA.

Ethnic Barriers to Utilization of Total Joint Arthroplasty Among Chinese Immigrants in the United States.

PubMed

Alley, Maxwell C; Mason, Andrew S; Tybor, David J; Pevear, Mary E; Baratz, Michael D; Smith, Eric L

2016-09-01

Previous studies have documented disparities in total joint arthroplasty (TJA) utilization among African American and Hispanic patients, but utilization among non-English-speaking Chinese patients in the United States has not been studied. To quantify the utilization rate and detect ethnic factors effecting TJA utilization in non-English-speaking Chinese patients, data were gathered prospectively from the practice of a single fellowship-trained Caucasian surgeon from October 2012 to February 2013. A customized survey was drafted and validated in collaboration with a social scientist. Questions assessed demography, lifestyle factors, socioeconomic status, language skills, cultural beliefs, and prior experience with surgery. Surveys were administered in patients' native language and were collected in a blinded fashion. Overall, 269 patients were surveyed (157 Caucasian and 65 Chinese), 85 of which were recommended surgery (42 Caucasian and 26 Chinese). Seventy-six percent of Caucasian patients elected surgery, compared to 35% of Chinese patients. A multivariate logistic regression showed Chinese ethnicity to be a significant predictor of surgical decision after controlling for age, gender, socioeconomic status, and education. Several questions drafted to detect cultural differences in the aforementioned 6 categories were answered significantly differently (P < .05, chi-square). Language, lack of familiarity with surgery, lack of TJA knowledge, family members' role in decision making, and preference for a doctor of the same race may contribute to decreased utilization of TJA in this population. We believe a better understanding of the cultural beliefs and behaviors of Chinese patients will help physicians provide more optimal care to this patient population. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Clinical Guidelines for Management of Bone Health in Rett Syndrome Based on Expert Consensus and Available Evidence.

PubMed

Jefferson, Amanda; Leonard, Helen; Siafarikas, Aris; Woodhead, Helen; Fyfe, Sue; Ward, Leanne M; Munns, Craig; Motil, Kathleen; Tarquinio, Daniel; Shapiro, Jay R; Brismar, Torkel; Ben-Zeev, Bruria; Bisgaard, Anne-Marie; Coppola, Giangennaro; Ellaway, Carolyn; Freilinger, Michael; Geerts, Suzanne; Humphreys, Peter; Jones, Mary; Lane, Jane; Larsson, Gunilla; Lotan, Meir; Percy, Alan; Pineda, Mercedes; Skinner, Steven; Syhler, Birgit; Thompson, Sue; Weiss, Batia; Witt Engerström, Ingegerd; Downs, Jenny

2016-01-01

We developed clinical guidelines for the management of bone health in Rett syndrome through evidence review and the consensus of an expert panel of clinicians. An initial guidelines draft was created which included statements based upon literature review and 11 open-ended questions where literature was lacking. The international expert panel reviewed the draft online using a 2-stage Delphi process to reach consensus agreement. Items describe the clinical assessment of bone health, bone mineral density assessment and technique, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Agreement was reached on 39 statements which were formulated from 41 statements and 11 questions. When assessing bone health in Rett syndrome a comprehensive assessment of fracture history, mutation type, prescribed medication, pubertal development, mobility level, dietary intake and biochemical bone markers is recommended. A baseline densitometry assessment should be performed with accommodations made for size, with the frequency of surveillance determined according to individual risk. Lateral spine x-rays are also suggested. Increasing physical activity and initiating calcium and vitamin D supplementation when low are the first approaches to optimizing bone health in Rett syndrome. If individuals with Rett syndrome meet the ISCD criterion for osteoporosis in children, the use of bisphosphonates is recommended. A clinically significant history of fracture in combination with low bone densitometry findings is necessary for a diagnosis of osteoporosis. These evidence and consensus-based guidelines have the potential to improve bone health in those with Rett syndrome, reduce the frequency of fractures, and stimulate further research that aims to ameliorate the impacts of this serious comorbidity.

Listeria monocytogenes Sequence Types 121 and 14 Repeatedly Isolated Within One Year of Sampling in a Rabbit Meat Processing Plant: Persistence and Ecophysiology

PubMed Central

Pasquali, Frédérique; Palma, Federica; Guillier, Laurent; Lucchi, Alex; De Cesare, Alessandra; Manfreda, Gerardo

2018-01-01

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen adapted to survive and persist in multiple environments. Following two previous studies on prevalence and virulence of L. monocytogenes ST121 and ST14 repeatedly collected in a the same rabbit-meat processing plant, the research questions of the present study were to: (1) assess persistence of L. monocytogenes isolates from the rabbit-plant; (2) select genes associated to physiological adaptation to the food-processing environment; (3) compare presence/absence/truncation of these genes in newly sequenced and publicly available ST121 and ST14 genomes. A total of 273 draft genomes including ST121 and ST14 newly sequenced and publicly available draft genomes were analyzed. Whole-genome Single Nucleotide Polymorfism (wgSNP) analysis was performed separately on the assemblies of ST121 and ST14 draft genomes. SNPs alignments were used to infer phylogeny. A dataset of L. monocytogenes ecophysiology genes was built based on a comprehensive literature review. The 94 selected genes were screened on the assemblies of all ST121 and ST14 draft genomes. Significant gene enrichments were evaluated by statistical analyses. A persistent ST14 clone, including 23 out of 27 newly sequenced genomes, was circulating in the rabbit-meat plant along with two not persistent clones. A significant enrichment was observed in ST121 genomes concerning stress survival islet 2 (SSI-2) (alkaline and oxidative stress), qacH gene (resistance to benzalkonium chloride), cadA1C gene cassette (resistance to 70 mg/l of cadmium chloride) and a truncated version of actA gene (biofilm formation). Conversely, ST14 draft genomes were enriched with a full-length version of actA gene along with the Listeria Genomic Island 2 (LGI 2) including the ars operon (arsenic resistance) and the cadA4C gene cassette (resistance to 35 mg/l of cadmium chloride). Phenotypic tests confirmed ST121 as a weak biofilm producer in comparison to ST14. In conclusion, ST121 carried the qacH gene and was phenotypically resistant to quaternary ammonium compounds. This property might contribute to the high prevalence of ST121 in food processing plants. ST14 showed greater ability to form biofilms, which might contribute to the occasional colonization and persistence on harborage sites where sanitizing procedures are difficult to display. PMID:29662481

Listeria monocytogenes Sequence Types 121 and 14 Repeatedly Isolated Within One Year of Sampling in a Rabbit Meat Processing Plant: Persistence and Ecophysiology.

PubMed

Pasquali, Frédérique; Palma, Federica; Guillier, Laurent; Lucchi, Alex; De Cesare, Alessandra; Manfreda, Gerardo

2018-01-01

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen adapted to survive and persist in multiple environments. Following two previous studies on prevalence and virulence of L. monocytogenes ST121 and ST14 repeatedly collected in a the same rabbit-meat processing plant, the research questions of the present study were to: (1) assess persistence of L. monocytogenes isolates from the rabbit-plant; (2) select genes associated to physiological adaptation to the food-processing environment; (3) compare presence/absence/truncation of these genes in newly sequenced and publicly available ST121 and ST14 genomes. A total of 273 draft genomes including ST121 and ST14 newly sequenced and publicly available draft genomes were analyzed. Whole-genome Single Nucleotide Polymorfism (wgSNP) analysis was performed separately on the assemblies of ST121 and ST14 draft genomes. SNPs alignments were used to infer phylogeny. A dataset of L. monocytogenes ecophysiology genes was built based on a comprehensive literature review. The 94 selected genes were screened on the assemblies of all ST121 and ST14 draft genomes. Significant gene enrichments were evaluated by statistical analyses. A persistent ST14 clone, including 23 out of 27 newly sequenced genomes, was circulating in the rabbit-meat plant along with two not persistent clones. A significant enrichment was observed in ST121 genomes concerning stress survival islet 2 (SSI-2) (alkaline and oxidative stress), qacH gene (resistance to benzalkonium chloride), cadA1C gene cassette (resistance to 70 mg/l of cadmium chloride) and a truncated version of actA gene (biofilm formation). Conversely, ST14 draft genomes were enriched with a full-length version of actA gene along with the Listeria Genomic Island 2 (LGI 2) including the ars operon (arsenic resistance) and the cadA4C gene cassette (resistance to 35 mg/l of cadmium chloride). Phenotypic tests confirmed ST121 as a weak biofilm producer in comparison to ST14. In conclusion, ST121 carried the qacH gene and was phenotypically resistant to quaternary ammonium compounds. This property might contribute to the high prevalence of ST121 in food processing plants. ST14 showed greater ability to form biofilms, which might contribute to the occasional colonization and persistence on harborage sites where sanitizing procedures are difficult to display.

The use of player physical and technical skill match activity profiles to predict position in the Australian Football League draft.

PubMed

Woods, Carl T; Veale, James P; Collier, Neil; Robertson, Sam

2017-02-01

This study investigated the extent to which position in the Australian Football League (AFL) national draft is associated with individual game performance metrics. Physical/technical skill performance metrics were collated from all participants in the 2014 national under 18 (U18) championships (18 games) drafted into the AFL (n = 65; 17.8 ± 0.5 y); 232 observations. Players were subdivided into draft position (ranked 1-65) and then draft round (1-4). Here, earlier draft selection (i.e., closer to 1) reflects a more desirable player. Microtechnology and a commercial provider facilitated the quantification of individual game performance metrics (n = 16). Linear mixed models were fitted to data, modelling the extent to which draft position was associated with these metrics. Draft position in the first/second round was negatively associated with "contested possessions" and "contested marks", respectively. Physical performance metrics were positively associated with draft position in these rounds. Correlations weakened for the third/fourth rounds. Contested possessions/marks were associated with an earlier draft selection. Physical performance metrics were associated with a later draft selection. Recruiters change the type of U18 player they draft as the selection pool reduces. juniors with contested skill appear prioritised.

Comments from the Developmental Neurotoxicology Committee of the Japanese Teratology Society on the OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals, Proposal for a New Guideline 426, Developmental Neurotoxicity Study, Draft Document (October 2006 version), and on the Draft Document of the Retrospective Performance Assessment of the Draft Test Guideline 426 on Developmental Neurotoxicity.

PubMed

Ema, Makoto; Fukui, Yoshihiro; Aoyama, Hiroaki; Fujiwara, Michio; Fuji, Junichiro; Inouye, Minoru; Iwase, Takayuki; Kihara, Takahide; Oi, Akihide; Otani, Hiroki; Shinomiya, Mitsuhiro; Sugioka, Kozo; Yamano, Tsunekazu; Yamashita, Keisuke H; Tanimura, Takashi

2007-06-01

In October 2006, a new revision of the draft guideline (OECD Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals, Proposal for a New Guideline 426. Developmental Neurotoxicity Study) and Draft Document of the Retrospective Performance Assessment (RPA) of the Draft Test Guideline 426 on Developmental Neurotoxicity were distributed following incorporation of the results of the Expert Consultation Meeting in Tokyo on May 24-26, 2005. The draft guideline consists of 50 paragraphs and an appendix with 102 references; and the draft RPA consists of 37 paragraphs with 109 references. National coordinators were requested to arrange for national expert reviews of these draft documents in their member countries. Members of the Developmental Neurotoxicology (DNT) Committee of the Japanese Teratology Society (JTS) reviewed, discussed, and commented on the draft Test Guideline Proposal. The DNT Committee of the JTS also commented on the draft document of the RPA. These comments were sent to the OECD Secretariat. The DNT Committee of the JTS expects the comments to be useful for the finalization of these draft documents.

10 CFR 51.86 - Distribution of draft environmental impact statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Distribution of draft environmental impact statement. 51...-Regulations Implementing Section 102(2) Draft Environmental Impact Statements-Rulemaking § 51.86 Distribution of draft environmental impact statement. Copies of the draft environmental impact statement and any...

10 CFR 51.86 - Distribution of draft environmental impact statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Distribution of draft environmental impact statement. 51...-Regulations Implementing Section 102(2) Draft Environmental Impact Statements-Rulemaking § 51.86 Distribution of draft environmental impact statement. Copies of the draft environmental impact statement and any...

10 CFR 51.81 - Distribution of draft environmental impact statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Distribution of draft environmental impact statement. 51...-Regulations Implementing Section 102(2) Draft Environmental Impact Statements-Materials Licenses § 51.81 Distribution of draft environmental impact statement. Copies of the draft environmental impact statement and...

10 CFR 51.81 - Distribution of draft environmental impact statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Distribution of draft environmental impact statement. 51...-Regulations Implementing Section 102(2) Draft Environmental Impact Statements-Materials Licenses § 51.81 Distribution of draft environmental impact statement. Copies of the draft environmental impact statement and...

10 CFR 51.81 - Distribution of draft environmental impact statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Distribution of draft environmental impact statement. 51...-Regulations Implementing Section 102(2) Draft Environmental Impact Statements-Materials Licenses § 51.81 Distribution of draft environmental impact statement. Copies of the draft environmental impact statement and...

10 CFR 51.81 - Distribution of draft environmental impact statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Distribution of draft environmental impact statement. 51...-Regulations Implementing Section 102(2) Draft Environmental Impact Statements-Materials Licenses § 51.81 Distribution of draft environmental impact statement. Copies of the draft environmental impact statement and...

10 CFR 51.86 - Distribution of draft environmental impact statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Distribution of draft environmental impact statement. 51...-Regulations Implementing Section 102(2) Draft Environmental Impact Statements-Rulemaking § 51.86 Distribution of draft environmental impact statement. Copies of the draft environmental impact statement and any...

10 CFR 51.86 - Distribution of draft environmental impact statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Distribution of draft environmental impact statement. 51...-Regulations Implementing Section 102(2) Draft Environmental Impact Statements-Rulemaking § 51.86 Distribution of draft environmental impact statement. Copies of the draft environmental impact statement and any...

10 CFR 51.86 - Distribution of draft environmental impact statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Distribution of draft environmental impact statement. 51...-Regulations Implementing Section 102(2) Draft Environmental Impact Statements-Rulemaking § 51.86 Distribution of draft environmental impact statement. Copies of the draft environmental impact statement and any...

10 CFR 51.81 - Distribution of draft environmental impact statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Distribution of draft environmental impact statement. 51...-Regulations Implementing Section 102(2) Draft Environmental Impact Statements-Materials Licenses § 51.81 Distribution of draft environmental impact statement. Copies of the draft environmental impact statement and...

76 FR 57759 - Notice of Availability of Draft Resource Management Plan and Draft Environmental Impact Statement...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-16

... Availability of Draft Resource Management Plan and Draft Environmental Impact Statement for the Kremmling Field... Management Act of 1976 (FLPMA), as amended, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has prepared a Draft Resource... alternatives for future [[Page 57760

Computer Assisted Drafting (CNC) Drawings. Drafting Module 6. Instructor's Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Missouri Univ., Columbia. Instructional Materials Lab.

This Missouri Vocational Instruction Management System instructor's drafting guide has been keyed to the drafting competency profile developed by state industry and education professionals. This unit contains information on computer-assisted drafting drawings. The guide contains a cross-reference table of instructional materials and 20 worksheets.…

49 CFR 229.61 - Draft system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Draft system. 229.61 Section 229.61 Transportation... TRANSPORTATION RAILROAD LOCOMOTIVE SAFETY STANDARDS Safety Requirements Draft System § 229.61 Draft system. (a) A... absorbed by friction devices or draft gears that exceeds one-half inches. (5) A broken or cracked coupler...

10 CFR 51.80 - Draft environmental impact statement-materials license.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Draft environmental impact statement-materials license. 51...-Regulations Implementing Section 102(2) Draft Environmental Impact Statements-Materials Licenses § 51.80 Draft environmental impact statement—materials license. (a) The NRC staff will either prepare a draft environmental...

49 CFR 230.92 - Draw gear and draft systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Draw gear and draft systems. 230.92 Section 230.92 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Tenders Draw Gear and Draft Systems § 230.92 Draw gear and draft systems. Couplers, draft gear and...

49 CFR 230.92 - Draw gear and draft systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Draw gear and draft systems. 230.92 Section 230.92 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Tenders Draw Gear and Draft Systems § 230.92 Draw gear and draft systems. Couplers, draft gear and...

10 CFR 51.80 - Draft environmental impact statement-materials license.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Draft environmental impact statement-materials license. 51...-Regulations Implementing Section 102(2) Draft Environmental Impact Statements-Materials Licenses § 51.80 Draft environmental impact statement—materials license. (a) The NRC staff will either prepare a draft environmental...

10 CFR 51.80 - Draft environmental impact statement-materials license.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Draft environmental impact statement-materials license. 51...-Regulations Implementing Section 102(2) Draft Environmental Impact Statements-Materials Licenses § 51.80 Draft environmental impact statement—materials license. (a) The NRC staff will either prepare a draft environmental...

49 CFR 229.61 - Draft system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Draft system. 229.61 Section 229.61 Transportation... TRANSPORTATION RAILROAD LOCOMOTIVE SAFETY STANDARDS Safety Requirements Draft System § 229.61 Draft system. (a) A... absorbed by friction devices or draft gears that exceeds one-half inches. (5) A broken or cracked coupler...

49 CFR 230.92 - Draw gear and draft systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Draw gear and draft systems. 230.92 Section 230.92 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Tenders Draw Gear and Draft Systems § 230.92 Draw gear and draft systems. Couplers, draft gear and...

10 CFR 51.80 - Draft environmental impact statement-materials license.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Draft environmental impact statement-materials license. 51...-Regulations Implementing Section 102(2) Draft Environmental Impact Statements-Materials Licenses § 51.80 Draft environmental impact statement—materials license. (a) The NRC staff will either prepare a draft environmental...

49 CFR 230.92 - Draw gear and draft systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Draw gear and draft systems. 230.92 Section 230.92 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Tenders Draw Gear and Draft Systems § 230.92 Draw gear and draft systems. Couplers, draft gear and...

49 CFR 230.92 - Draw gear and draft systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Draw gear and draft systems. 230.92 Section 230.92 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Tenders Draw Gear and Draft Systems § 230.92 Draw gear and draft systems. Couplers, draft gear and...

49 CFR 229.61 - Draft system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Draft system. 229.61 Section 229.61 Transportation... TRANSPORTATION RAILROAD LOCOMOTIVE SAFETY STANDARDS Safety Requirements Draft System § 229.61 Draft system. (a) A... absorbed by friction devices or draft gears that exceeds one-half inches. (5) A broken or cracked coupler...

77 FR 46518 - Draft Resource Management Plan/General Plan Draft Environmental Impact Statement/Revised Draft...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-03

... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Bureau of Reclamation Draft Resource Management Plan/General Plan Draft... Recreation Area, Merced County, California AGENCY: Bureau of Reclamation, Interior. ACTION: Notice of... California Department of Parks and Recreation was given the responsibility to plan, design, construct...

IRIS Toxicological Review of Ammonia (Revised External Review Draft)

EPA Science Inventory

In August 2013, EPA submitted a revised draft IRIS assessment of ammonia to the agency's Science Advisory Board (SAB) and posted this draft on the IRIS website. EPA had previously released a draft of the assessment for public comment, held a public meeting about the draft, and ...

CURRENT PRACTICES OBSERVED IN DESIGN AND DRAFTING OCCUPATIONS.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

SQUIRES, CARL E.

DATA WHICH HAD SIGNIFICANCE FOR DESIGN AND DRAFTING CURRICULUMS WERE COLLECTED BY DIRECT OBSERVATION OF 21 DESIGN AND DRAFTING FACTORS WITHIN 16 SELECTED INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES EMPLOYING 869 DESIGNERS AND DRAFTSMEN. OBSERVATIONS COVERED (1) THE NUMBER OF DESIGN AND DRAFTING EMPLOYEES, (2) THE SYSTEM OF DRAFTING ROOM ORGANIZATION, (3) JOB…

10 CFR 51.80 - Draft environmental impact statement-materials license.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Draft environmental impact statement-materials license. 51...-Regulations Implementing Section 102(2) Draft Environmental Impact Statements-Materials Licenses § 51.80 Draft environmental impact statement—materials license. (a) The NRC staff will either prepare a draft environmental...

Managing the Drafting Process: Creating a New Model for the Workplace.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shwom, Barbara L.; Hirsch, Penny L.

1994-01-01

Discusses the development of a pragmatic model of the writing process in the workplace, focusing on the importance of "drafting" as part of that process. Discusses writers' attitudes about drafting and the structures of the workplace that drafting has to accommodate. Introduces a drafting model and discusses results of using this model…

76 FR 65722 - Notification of Two Public Teleconferences; Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-24

... EPA's Integrated Science Assessment for Lead (First External Review Draft, May 2011) and EPA's draft... Science Assessment for Lead (First External Review Draft, May 2011) should be directed to Dr. Ellen... Integrated Science Assessment for Lead (First External Review Draft, May 2011) and EPA's draft Near-Road NO 2...

46 CFR 151.03-35 - Limiting draft.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Limiting draft. 151.03-35 Section 151.03-35 Shipping... BULK LIQUID HAZARDOUS MATERIAL CARGOES Definitions § 151.03-35 Limiting draft. Maximum allowable draft to which a barge may be loaded. Limiting draft is a function of hull type and cargo specific gravity...

32 CFR 989.19 - Draft EIS.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Draft EIS. 989.19 Section 989.19 National... ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS PROCESS (EIAP) § 989.19 Draft EIS. (a) Preliminary draft. The EPF supports the proponent in preparation of a preliminary draft EIS (PDEIS) (40 CFR 1502.9) based on the scope of issues...

18 CFR 281.212 - Draft tariff and index of entitlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Draft tariff and index... Rule § 281.212 Draft tariff and index of entitlements. (a) Each interstate pipeline shall prepare draft tariff sheets or sections and a draft index of entitlements in accordance with this subpart. (b) The...

18 CFR 281.212 - Draft tariff and index of entitlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Draft tariff and index... Rule § 281.212 Draft tariff and index of entitlements. (a) Each interstate pipeline shall prepare draft tariff sheets or sections and a draft index of entitlements in accordance with this subpart. (b) The...

46 CFR 151.03-35 - Limiting draft.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Limiting draft. 151.03-35 Section 151.03-35 Shipping... BULK LIQUID HAZARDOUS MATERIAL CARGOES Definitions § 151.03-35 Limiting draft. Maximum allowable draft to which a barge may be loaded. Limiting draft is a function of hull type and cargo specific gravity...

18 CFR 281.212 - Draft tariff and index of entitlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Draft tariff and index... Rule § 281.212 Draft tariff and index of entitlements. (a) Each interstate pipeline shall prepare draft tariff sheets or sections and a draft index of entitlements in accordance with this subpart. (b) The...

18 CFR 281.212 - Draft tariff and index of entitlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Draft tariff and index... Rule § 281.212 Draft tariff and index of entitlements. (a) Each interstate pipeline shall prepare draft tariff sheets or sections and a draft index of entitlements in accordance with this subpart. (b) The...

32 CFR 989.19 - Draft EIS.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Draft EIS. 989.19 Section 989.19 National... ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS PROCESS (EIAP) § 989.19 Draft EIS. (a) Preliminary draft. The EPF supports the proponent in preparation of a preliminary draft EIS (PDEIS) (40 CFR 1502.9) based on the scope of issues...

46 CFR 151.03-35 - Limiting draft.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Limiting draft. 151.03-35 Section 151.03-35 Shipping... BULK LIQUID HAZARDOUS MATERIAL CARGOES Definitions § 151.03-35 Limiting draft. Maximum allowable draft to which a barge may be loaded. Limiting draft is a function of hull type and cargo specific gravity...

46 CFR 151.03-35 - Limiting draft.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Limiting draft. 151.03-35 Section 151.03-35 Shipping... BULK LIQUID HAZARDOUS MATERIAL CARGOES Definitions § 151.03-35 Limiting draft. Maximum allowable draft to which a barge may be loaded. Limiting draft is a function of hull type and cargo specific gravity...

18 CFR 281.212 - Draft tariff and index of entitlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Draft tariff and index... Rule § 281.212 Draft tariff and index of entitlements. (a) Each interstate pipeline shall prepare draft tariff sheets or sections and a draft index of entitlements in accordance with this subpart. (b) The...

46 CFR 151.03-35 - Limiting draft.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Limiting draft. 151.03-35 Section 151.03-35 Shipping... BULK LIQUID HAZARDOUS MATERIAL CARGOES Definitions § 151.03-35 Limiting draft. Maximum allowable draft to which a barge may be loaded. Limiting draft is a function of hull type and cargo specific gravity...

32 CFR 989.19 - Draft EIS.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Draft EIS. 989.19 Section 989.19 National... ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ANALYSIS PROCESS (EIAP) § 989.19 Draft EIS. (a) Preliminary draft. The EPF supports the proponent in preparation of a preliminary draft EIS (PDEIS) (40 CFR 1502.9) based on the scope of issues...

46 CFR 167.55-1 - Draft marks and draft indicating systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Section 167.55-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Special Markings Required § 167.55-1 Draft marks and draft indicating systems. (a... are of uniform height equal to the vertical spacing between consecutive marks. (f) Draft marks must be...

46 CFR 167.55-1 - Draft marks and draft indicating systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Section 167.55-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Special Markings Required § 167.55-1 Draft marks and draft indicating systems. (a... are of uniform height equal to the vertical spacing between consecutive marks. (f) Draft marks must be...

46 CFR 167.55-1 - Draft marks and draft indicating systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Section 167.55-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Special Markings Required § 167.55-1 Draft marks and draft indicating systems. (a... are of uniform height equal to the vertical spacing between consecutive marks. (f) Draft marks must be...

46 CFR 167.55-1 - Draft marks and draft indicating systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Section 167.55-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Special Markings Required § 167.55-1 Draft marks and draft indicating systems. (a... are of uniform height equal to the vertical spacing between consecutive marks. (f) Draft marks must be...

46 CFR 167.55-1 - Draft marks and draft indicating systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Section 167.55-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Special Markings Required § 167.55-1 Draft marks and draft indicating systems. (a... are of uniform height equal to the vertical spacing between consecutive marks. (f) Draft marks must be...

77 FR 21772 - Notification of Two Public Teleconferences of the Science Advisory Board Biogenic Carbon...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-11

... the Panel's draft report on EPA's draft Accounting Framework for Biogenic CO2 Emissions from...'s draft report on EPA's draft Accounting Framework for Biogenic CO2 Emissions from Stationary... Radiation requested SAB review of EPA's draft accounting framework. As noticed in 76 FR 61100-61101, the SAB...

Flow characteristics and spillage mechanisms of wall-mounted and jet-isolated range hoods subject to influence from cross draft.

PubMed

Chen, Jia-Kun; Huang, Rong Fung; Peng, Kuan-Lin

2012-01-01

The effects of draft on the flow and spillage characteristics of wall-mounted and jet-isolated range hoods were investigated. A specially designed draft generator that could supply low-swirl air current was used to provide "cross draft" from three directions, lateral (θ = 0(o)), oblique (θ = 45(o)), and front (θ = 90(o)), with respect to the center point of the range hoods. Flow characteristics of oil mist were inspected through visualization of smoke flows with light scattering (laser light sheet-assisted visualization of smoke flow). The leakage mechanisms, which were closely related to the flow features, were studied by examining both movies and still pictures showing smoke-flow evolution. The sulfur hexafluoride tracer gas concentration detection method was employed to measure the capture indices. The results showed that the lateral draft pushed the pollutants generated under the hood in the opposite direction and induced serious spillage. The oblique draft pushed the pollutants toward both the rear wall and opposite side and induced more serious spillage than did the lateral draft. The frontal draft forced the pollutants to bifurcate into streams moving toward the left and the right, and induced the most serious pollutant spillage among the three tested drafts. Pollutant spillage became critically significant as the cross draft velocity was increased to greater than 0.2 m/sec. Spillage of pollutants increased as the velocity of the cross draft was increased. Increasing the suction flow rate of the range hood may increase resistance to the draft, but the benefits were limited at draft velocities greater than 0.2 m/sec. Both range hoods had a similarly low capture index under the influence of the lateral draft. For the oblique and frontal drafts, the jet-isolated range hood demonstrated a higher capture index than did the wall-mounted range hood.

Protoplast transformation in coryneform bacteria and introduction of an alpha-amylase gene from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens into Brevibacterium lactofermentum.

PubMed Central

Smith, M D; Flickinger, J L; Lineberger, D W; Schmidt, B

1986-01-01

The goal of this study was to investigate the likelihood of developing useful transformation systems for coryneform bacteria. Two species of coryneform bacteria, Brevibacterium lactofermentum and Corynebacterium lilium, were transformed with chimeras constructed from pUB110 and a cryptic coryneform plasmid (pGX1901). C. lilium protoplasts were also efficiently transfected with phage CS1 DNA. High transformation and transfection frequencies were obtained after only 2 min of lysozyme treatment of lysozyme-sensitive mutants. A series of experiments was also conducted to determine whether DNA from other species of important industrial microbes from the genus Bacillus could be expressed in coryneform bacteria. Evidence of restriction of Bacillus subtilis DNA by B. lactofermentum was observed but could be overcome. A Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase gene (amyEBamP) was subcloned onto a plasmid able to replicate in B. lactofermentum. B. lactofermentum transformants for this plasmid expressed amylase activity and produced material cross-reactive to amylase antibody. Images PMID:3008649

A decade of pig genome sequencing: a window on pig domestication and evolution.

PubMed

Groenen, Martien A M

2016-03-29

Insight into how genomes change and adapt due to selection addresses key questions in evolutionary biology and in domestication of animals and plants by humans. In that regard, the pig and its close relatives found in Africa and Eurasia represent an excellent group of species that enables studies of the effect of both natural and human-mediated selection on the genome. The recent completion of the draft genome sequence of a domestic pig and the development of next-generation sequencing technology during the past decade have created unprecedented possibilities to address these questions in great detail. In this paper, I review recent whole-genome sequencing studies in the pig and closely-related species that provide insight into the demography, admixture and selection of these species and, in particular, how domestication and subsequent selection of Sus scrofa have shaped the genomes of these animals.

Virtual Round Table on ten leading questions for network research

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2004-03-01

The following discussion is an edited summary of the public debate started during the conference “Growing Networks and Graphs in Statistical Physics, Finance, Biology and Social Systems” held in Rome in September 2003. Drafts documents were circulated electronically among experts in the field and additions and follow-up to the original discussion have been included. Among the scientists participating to the discussion L.A.N. Amaral, A. Barrat, A.L. Barabasi, G. Caldarelli, P. De Los Rios, A. Erzan, B. Kahng, R. Mantegna, J.F.F. Mendes, R. Pastor-Satorras, A. Vespignani are acknowledged for their contributions and editing.

76 FR 50729 - Science Advisory Board Staff Office; Notification of a Public Teleconference of the Chartered...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-16

... SAB report, Peer Review of EPA's Draft National-Scale Mercury Risk Assessment (08/04/11) Draft. DATES... SAB draft report entitled Peer Review of EPA's Draft National-Scale Mercury Risk Assessment (08/04/1...)(1)(A) of the Clean Air Act (CAA). EPA developed a draft risk assessment for mercury, entitled...

12 CFR 516.20 - What information must I include in my draft business plan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2013-01-01 2012-01-01 true What information must I include in my draft... What information must I include in my draft business plan? If you must submit a draft business plan... described in the savings association's draft business plan; and (d) Demonstrate how applicable requirements...

12 CFR 516.20 - What information must I include in my draft business plan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false What information must I include in my draft... What information must I include in my draft business plan? If you must submit a draft business plan... described in the savings association's draft business plan; and (d) Demonstrate how applicable requirements...

12 CFR 116.20 - What information must I include in my draft business plan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false What information must I include in my draft... What information must I include in my draft business plan? If you must submit a draft business plan... described in the savings association's draft business plan; and (d) Demonstrate how applicable requirements...

12 CFR 116.20 - What information must I include in my draft business plan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false What information must I include in my draft... What information must I include in my draft business plan? If you must submit a draft business plan... described in the savings association's draft business plan; and (d) Demonstrate how applicable requirements...

12 CFR 116.20 - What information must I include in my draft business plan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false What information must I include in my draft... What information must I include in my draft business plan? If you must submit a draft business plan... described in the savings association's draft business plan; and (d) Demonstrate how applicable requirements...

12 CFR 516.20 - What information must I include in my draft business plan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2014-01-01 2012-01-01 true What information must I include in my draft... What information must I include in my draft business plan? If you must submit a draft business plan... described in the savings association's draft business plan; and (d) Demonstrate how applicable requirements...

12 CFR 516.20 - What information must I include in my draft business plan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false What information must I include in my draft... What information must I include in my draft business plan? If you must submit a draft business plan... described in the savings association's draft business plan; and (d) Demonstrate how applicable requirements...

Comparison of Conventional and Computer-Aided Drafting Methods from the View of Time and Drafting Quality

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ozkan, Aysen; Yildirim, Kemal

2016-01-01

Problem Statement: Drafting course is essential for students in the design disciplines for becoming more organized and for complying with standards in the educational system. Drafting knowledge is crucial, both for comprehension of the issues and for the implementation phase. In any design project, drafting performance and success are as important…

10 CFR 51.74 - Distribution of draft environmental impact statement and supplement to draft environmental impact...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Distribution of draft environmental impact statement and supplement to draft environmental impact statement; news releases. 51.74 Section 51.74 Energy NUCLEAR... environmental impact statement; news releases. (a) A copy of the draft environmental impact statement will be...

10 CFR 51.74 - Distribution of draft environmental impact statement and supplement to draft environmental impact...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Distribution of draft environmental impact statement and supplement to draft environmental impact statement; news releases. 51.74 Section 51.74 Energy NUCLEAR... environmental impact statement; news releases. (a) A copy of the draft environmental impact statement will be...

10 CFR 51.74 - Distribution of draft environmental impact statement and supplement to draft environmental impact...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Distribution of draft environmental impact statement and supplement to draft environmental impact statement; news releases. 51.74 Section 51.74 Energy NUCLEAR... environmental impact statement; news releases. (a) A copy of the draft environmental impact statement will be...

10 CFR 51.74 - Distribution of draft environmental impact statement and supplement to draft environmental impact...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Distribution of draft environmental impact statement and supplement to draft environmental impact statement; news releases. 51.74 Section 51.74 Energy NUCLEAR... environmental impact statement; news releases. (a) A copy of the draft environmental impact statement will be...

10 CFR 51.74 - Distribution of draft environmental impact statement and supplement to draft environmental impact...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Distribution of draft environmental impact statement and supplement to draft environmental impact statement; news releases. 51.74 Section 51.74 Energy NUCLEAR... environmental impact statement; news releases. (a) A copy of the draft environmental impact statement will be...

78 FR 19733 - Draft General Management Plan and Draft Environmental Impact Statement, Fort Raleigh National...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-02

... Management Plan (EIS/GMP) for Fort Raleigh National Historic Site, North Carolina. The draft describes and... announce the dates, times, and locations of public meetings on the draft EIS/GMP through the NPS Planning... delivery to the above address. Electronic copies of the Draft EIS/GMP will be available online at http...

76 FR 72718 - Notice of Availability of the Draft Baker Resource Management Plan and Environmental Impact...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-25

....HAG11-0127] Notice of Availability of the Draft Baker Resource Management Plan and Environmental Impact... Draft Resource Management Plan (RMP) and Draft Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the Baker... conditions, and changes in resource management practices since the Baker RMP of 1989. The Draft RMP/EIS was...

46 CFR 174.040 - Stability requirements: general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... metacentric height in the upright equilibrium position for the full range of drafts, whether at the operating draft for navigation, towing, or drilling afloat, or at a temporary draft when changing drafts. ...

46 CFR 174.040 - Stability requirements: general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... metacentric height in the upright equilibrium position for the full range of drafts, whether at the operating draft for navigation, towing, or drilling afloat, or at a temporary draft when changing drafts. ...

Flow characteristics of an inclined air-curtain range hood in a draft

PubMed Central

CHEN, Jia-Kun

2015-01-01

The inclined air-curtain technology was applied to build an inclined air-curtain range hood. A draft generator was applied to affect the inclined air-curtain range hood in three directions: lateral (θ=0°), oblique (θ=45°), and front (θ=90°). The three suction flow rates provided by the inclined air-curtain range hood were 10.1, 10.9, and 12.6 m3/min. The laser-assisted flow visualization technique and the tracer-gas test method were used to investigate the performance of the range hood under the influence of a draft. The results show that the inclined air-curtain range hood has a strong ability to resist the negative effect of a front draft until the draft velocity is greater than 0.5 m/s. The oblique draft affected the containment ability of the inclined air-curtain range hood when the draft velocity was larger than 0.3 m/s. When the lateral draft effect was applied, the capture efficiency of the inclined air-curtain range hood decreased quickly in the draft velocity from 0.2 m/s to 0.3 m/s. However, the capture efficiencies of the inclined air-curtain range hood under the influence of the front draft were higher than those under the influence of the oblique draft from 0.3 m/s to 0.5 m/s. PMID:25810445

Flow characteristics of an inclined air-curtain range hood in a draft.

PubMed

Chen, Jia-Kun

2015-01-01

The inclined air-curtain technology was applied to build an inclined air-curtain range hood. A draft generator was applied to affect the inclined air-curtain range hood in three directions: lateral (θ=0°), oblique (θ=45°), and front (θ=90°). The three suction flow rates provided by the inclined air-curtain range hood were 10.1, 10.9, and 12.6 m(3)/min. The laser-assisted flow visualization technique and the tracer-gas test method were used to investigate the performance of the range hood under the influence of a draft. The results show that the inclined air-curtain range hood has a strong ability to resist the negative effect of a front draft until the draft velocity is greater than 0.5 m/s. The oblique draft affected the containment ability of the inclined air-curtain range hood when the draft velocity was larger than 0.3 m/s. When the lateral draft effect was applied, the capture efficiency of the inclined air-curtain range hood decreased quickly in the draft velocity from 0.2 m/s to 0.3 m/s. However, the capture efficiencies of the inclined air-curtain range hood under the influence of the front draft were higher than those under the influence of the oblique draft from 0.3 m/s to 0.5 m/s.

75 FR 21145 - Availability of the Draft Environmental Impact Statement

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-22

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Highway Administration Availability of the Draft... availability of the Draft Environmental Impact Statement. SUMMARY: The FHWA, on behalf of the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), announces the availability of the Draft Environmental Impact...

Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) in The Netherlands.

PubMed

Kersting, Sabina; Neppelenbroek, Suzanne I M; Visser, Hein P J; van Gelder, Michel; Levin, Mark-David; Mous, Rogier; Posthuma, Ward; van der Straaten, Hanneke M; Kater, Arnon P

2018-01-01

In recent years, considerable progress has been made in the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and new potent drugs have become available. Therefore, the CLL working party revised the Dutch guidelines. Not only efficacy but also quality of life and socio-economic impact were taken into account in the formulation of treatment recommendations. The working party discussed a set of questions regarding diagnostic tests and treatment and wrote the draft guideline. This was evidence-based whenever possible, but in cases of low evidence, an expert-based recommendation was formulated with input of the entire working party. The draft guideline was sent to all hematologists in the Netherlands for comment and was subsequently approved. Recommendations were formulated on diagnostic tests and work-up before treatment. Also, recommendations were made for treatment with fludarabine-cyclophosphamide-rituximab, bendamustine-rituximab, chlorambucil with anti-CD20 antibody, ibrutinib, idelalisib-rituximab, venetoclax, and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. In the revised Dutch CLL guidelines, chemo-immunotherapy is still the cornerstone of CLL treatment with novel targeted drugs for specific risk groups. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The draft genomes of soft–shell turtle and green sea turtle yield insights into the development and evolution of the turtle–specific body plan

PubMed Central

Niimura, Yoshihito; Huang, Zhiyong; Li, Chunyi; White, Simon; Xiong, Zhiqiang; Fang, Dongming; Wang, Bo; Ming, Yao; Chen, Yan; Zheng, Yuan; Kuraku, Shigehiro; Pignatelli, Miguel; Herrero, Javier; Beal, Kathryn; Nozawa, Masafumi; Li, Qiye; Wang, Juan; Zhang, Hongyan; Yu, Lili; Shigenobu, Shuji; Wang, Junyi; Liu, Jiannan; Flicek, Paul; Searle, Steve; Wang, Jun; Kuratani, Shigeru; Yin, Ye; Aken, Bronwen; Zhang, Guojie; Irie, Naoki

2014-01-01

The unique anatomical features of turtles have raised unanswered questions about the origin of their unique body plan. We generated and analyzed draft genomes of the soft-shell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) and the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas); our results indicated the close relationship of the turtles to the bird-crocodilian lineage, from which they split ~267.9–248.3 million years ago (Upper Permian to Triassic). We also found extensive expansion of olfactory receptor genes in these turtles. Embryonic gene expression analysis identified an hourglass-like divergence of turtle and chicken embryogenesis, with maximal conservation around the vertebrate phylotypic period, rather than at later stages that show the amniote-common pattern. Wnt5a expression was found in the growth zone of the dorsal shell, supporting the possible co-option of limb-associated Wnt signaling in the acquisition of this turtle-specific novelty. Our results suggest that turtle evolution was accompanied by an unexpectedly conservative vertebrate phylotypic period, followed by turtle-specific repatterning of development to yield the novel structure of the shell. PMID:23624526

Portuguese recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis and management of primary osteoporosis - 2018 update.

PubMed

Rodrigues, A M; Canhão, H; Marques, A; Ambrósio, C; Borges, J; Coelho, P; Costa, L; Fernandes, S; Gonçalves, I; Gonçalves, M; Guerra, M; Marques, M L; Pimenta, S; Pinto, P; Sequeira, G; Simões, E; Teixeira, L; Vaz, C; Vieira-Sousa, E; Vieira, R; Alvarenga, F; Araújo, F; Barcelos, A; Barcelos, F; Barros, R; Bernardes, M; Canas da Silva, J; Cordeiro, A; Costa, M; Cunha-Miranda, L; Cruz, M; Duarte, A C; Duarte, C; Faustino, A; Figueiredo, G; Fonseca, J E; Furtado, C; Gomes, J; Lopes, C; Mourão, A F; Oliveira, M; Pimentel-Santos, F M; Ribeiro, A; Sampaio da Nóvoa, T; Santiago, M; Silva, C; Silva-Dinis, A; Sousa, S; Tavares-Costa, J; Terroso, G; Vilar, A; Branco, J C; Tavares, V; Romeu, J C; da Silva, Jap

2018-01-01

Advances in osteoporosis (OP)case definition, treatment options, optimal therapy duration and pharmacoeconomic evidence in the national context motivated the Portuguese Society of Rheumatology (SPR) to update the Portuguese recommendations for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis published in 2007. SPR bone diseases' working group organized meetings involving 55 participants (rheumatologists, rheumatology fellows and one OP specialist nurse) to debate and develop the document. First, the working group selected 11 pertinent clinical questions for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in standard clinical practice. Then, each question was investigated through literature review and draft recommendations were built through consensus. When insufficient evidence was available, recommendations were based on experts' opinion and on good clinical practice. At two national meetings, the recommendations were discussed and updated. A draft of the recommendations full text was submitted to critical review among the working group and suggestions were incorporated. A final version was circulated among all Portuguese rheumatologists before publication and the level of agreement was anonymously assessed using an online survey. The 2018 SPR recommendations provide comprehensive guidance on osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis, fracture risk assessment, pharmacological treatment initiation, therapy options and duration of treatment, based on the best available evidence. They attained desirable agreement among Portuguese rheumatologists. As more evidence becomes available, periodic revisions will be performed. Target audience and patient population: The target audience for these guidelines includes all clinicians. The target patient population includes adult Portuguese people. Intended use: These recommendations provide general guidance for typical cases. They may not be appropriate in all situations - clinicians are encouraged to consider this information together with updated evidence and their best clinical judgment in individual cases.

Clinical Guidelines for Management of Bone Health in Rett Syndrome Based on Expert Consensus and Available Evidence

PubMed Central

Jefferson, Amanda; Leonard, Helen; Siafarikas, Aris; Woodhead, Helen; Fyfe, Sue; Ward, Leanne M.; Munns, Craig; Motil, Kathleen; Tarquinio, Daniel; Shapiro, Jay R.; Brismar, Torkel; Ben-Zeev, Bruria; Bisgaard, Anne-Marie; Coppola, Giangennaro; Ellaway, Carolyn; Freilinger, Michael; Geerts, Suzanne; Humphreys, Peter; Jones, Mary; Lane, Jane; Larsson, Gunilla; Lotan, Meir; Percy, Alan; Pineda, Mercedes; Skinner, Steven; Syhler, Birgit; Thompson, Sue; Weiss, Batia; Witt Engerström, Ingegerd; Downs, Jenny

2016-01-01

Objectives We developed clinical guidelines for the management of bone health in Rett syndrome through evidence review and the consensus of an expert panel of clinicians. Methods An initial guidelines draft was created which included statements based upon literature review and 11 open-ended questions where literature was lacking. The international expert panel reviewed the draft online using a 2-stage Delphi process to reach consensus agreement. Items describe the clinical assessment of bone health, bone mineral density assessment and technique, and pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Results Agreement was reached on 39 statements which were formulated from 41 statements and 11 questions. When assessing bone health in Rett syndrome a comprehensive assessment of fracture history, mutation type, prescribed medication, pubertal development, mobility level, dietary intake and biochemical bone markers is recommended. A baseline densitometry assessment should be performed with accommodations made for size, with the frequency of surveillance determined according to individual risk. Lateral spine x-rays are also suggested. Increasing physical activity and initiating calcium and vitamin D supplementation when low are the first approaches to optimizing bone health in Rett syndrome. If individuals with Rett syndrome meet the ISCD criterion for osteoporosis in children, the use of bisphosphonates is recommended. Conclusion A clinically significant history of fracture in combination with low bone densitometry findings is necessary for a diagnosis of osteoporosis. These evidence and consensus-based guidelines have the potential to improve bone health in those with Rett syndrome, reduce the frequency of fractures, and stimulate further research that aims to ameliorate the impacts of this serious comorbidity. PMID:26849438

75 FR 3760 - Draft Regulatory Guide: Issuance, Availability

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-22

... NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION [NRC-2010-0018] Draft Regulatory Guide: Issuance, Availability AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice of Issuance and Availability of Draft Regulatory...) is issuing for public comment a draft guide in the agency's ``Regulatory Guide'' series. This series...

75 FR 20645 - Draft Regulatory Guide: Issuance, Availability

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-20

... NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION [NRC-2010-0158] Draft Regulatory Guide: Issuance, Availability AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice of Issuance and Availability of Draft Regulatory... draft guide in the agency's ``Regulatory Guide'' series. This series was developed to describe and make...

77 FR 33489 - Draft Offender Tracking System Standard

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-06

... Tracking System Standard AGENCY: National Institute of Justice. ACTION: Notice of Draft Offender Tracking System Standard, Selection and Application Guide, and Certification Program Requirements. SUMMARY: In an...) A draft standard entitled, ``Offender Tracking System Standard'' (2) a draft companion document...

Lead us not into tanktation: a simulation modelling approach to gain insights into incentives for sporting teams to tank.

PubMed

Tuck, Geoffrey N; Whitten, Athol R

2013-01-01

Annual draft systems are the principal method used by teams in major sporting leagues to recruit amateur players. These draft systems frequently take one of three forms: a lottery style draft, a weighted draft, or a reverse-order draft. Reverse-order drafts can create incentives for teams to deliberately under-perform, or tank, due to the perceived gain from obtaining quality players at higher draft picks. This paper uses a dynamic simulation model that captures the key components of a win-maximising sporting league, including the amateur player draft, draft choice error, player productivity, and between-team competition, to explore how competitive balance and incentives to under-perform vary according to league characteristics. We find reverse-order drafts can lead to some teams cycling between success and failure and to other teams being stuck in mid-ranking positions for extended periods of time. We also find that an incentive for teams to tank exists, but that this incentive decreases (i) as uncertainty in the ability to determine quality players in the draft increases, (ii) as the number of teams in the league reduces, (iii) as team size decreases, and (iv) as the number of teams adopting a tanking strategy increases. Simulation models can be used to explore complex stochastic dynamic systems such as sports leagues, where managers face difficult decisions regarding the structure of their league and the desire to maintain competitive balance.

Lead Us Not into Tanktation: A Simulation Modelling Approach to Gain Insights into Incentives for Sporting Teams to Tank

PubMed Central

Tuck, Geoffrey N.; Whitten, Athol R.

2013-01-01

Annual draft systems are the principal method used by teams in major sporting leagues to recruit amateur players. These draft systems frequently take one of three forms: a lottery style draft, a weighted draft, or a reverse-order draft. Reverse-order drafts can create incentives for teams to deliberately under-perform, or tank, due to the perceived gain from obtaining quality players at higher draft picks. This paper uses a dynamic simulation model that captures the key components of a win-maximising sporting league, including the amateur player draft, draft choice error, player productivity, and between-team competition, to explore how competitive balance and incentives to under-perform vary according to league characteristics. We find reverse-order drafts can lead to some teams cycling between success and failure and to other teams being stuck in mid-ranking positions for extended periods of time. We also find that an incentive for teams to tank exists, but that this incentive decreases (i) as uncertainty in the ability to determine quality players in the draft increases, (ii) as the number of teams in the league reduces, (iii) as team size decreases, and (iv) as the number of teams adopting a tanking strategy increases. Simulation models can be used to explore complex stochastic dynamic systems such as sports leagues, where managers face difficult decisions regarding the structure of their league and the desire to maintain competitive balance. PMID:24312243

IRIS Toxicological Review of Methanol (Noncancer) (Interagency Science Discussion Draft)

EPA Science Inventory

On May 3, 2013, the Toxicological Review of Methanol (noncancer) (Revised External Review Draft) was posted for public review and comment. Subsequently, the draft Toxicological Review, Appendices, and draft IRIS Summary were reviewed internally by EPA and by other federal agenci...

75 FR 48973 - Draft Guidance for Industry: Prevention of Salmonella

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-12

...] Draft Guidance for Industry: Prevention of Salmonella Enteritidis in Shell Eggs During Production... entitled ``Prevention of Salmonella Enteritidis in Shell Eggs During Production, Storage, and Transportation'' (the draft guidance). The draft guidance, when finalized, will provide guidance to egg producers...

Competency Reference for Computer Assisted Drafting.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oregon State Dept. of Education, Salem. Div. of Vocational Technical Education.

This guide, developed in Oregon, lists competencies essential for students in computer-assisted drafting (CAD). Competencies are organized in eight categories: computer hardware, file usage and manipulation, basic drafting techniques, mechanical drafting, specialty disciplines, three dimensional drawing/design, plotting/printing, and advanced CAD.…

31 CFR 515.405 - Exportation of securities, currency, checks, drafts and promissory notes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., checks, drafts and promissory notes. 515.405 Section 515.405 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations..., drafts and promissory notes. Section 515.201 prohibits the exportation of securities, currency, checks, drafts and promissory notes to a designated foreign country. ...

31 CFR 515.405 - Exportation of securities, currency, checks, drafts and promissory notes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., checks, drafts and promissory notes. 515.405 Section 515.405 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations..., drafts and promissory notes. Section 515.201 prohibits the exportation of securities, currency, checks, drafts and promissory notes to a designated foreign country. ...

75 FR 18241 - Draft Regulatory Guide: Issuance, Availability

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-09

... NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION [NRC-2010-0148] Draft Regulatory Guide: Issuance, Availability AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice of Issuance and Availability of Draft Regulatory.... Introduction The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is issuing for public comment a draft guide in the...

31 CFR 515.405 - Exportation of securities, currency, checks, drafts and promissory notes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., checks, drafts and promissory notes. 515.405 Section 515.405 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations..., drafts and promissory notes. Section 515.201 prohibits the exportation of securities, currency, checks, drafts and promissory notes to a designated foreign country. ...

31 CFR 515.405 - Exportation of securities, currency, checks, drafts and promissory notes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., checks, drafts and promissory notes. 515.405 Section 515.405 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations..., drafts and promissory notes. Section 515.201 prohibits the exportation of securities, currency, checks, drafts and promissory notes to a designated foreign country. ...

31 CFR 515.405 - Exportation of securities, currency, checks, drafts and promissory notes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., checks, drafts and promissory notes. 515.405 Section 515.405 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations..., drafts and promissory notes. Section 515.201 prohibits the exportation of securities, currency, checks, drafts and promissory notes to a designated foreign country. ...

75 FR 45166 - Draft Regulatory Guide: Issuance, Availability

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-02

... NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION [NRC-2010-0265] Draft Regulatory Guide: Issuance, Availability AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice of Issuance and Availability of Draft Regulatory.... Introduction The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is issuing for public comment a draft guide in the...

76 FR 6086 - Draft Regulatory Guide: Issuance, Availability

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-03

... NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION 10 CFR Part 73 [NRC-2011-0015] RIN 3150-AI49 Draft Regulatory Guide: Issuance, Availability AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice of Availability of Draft... comment Draft Regulatory Guide, DG-5020, ``Applying for Enhanced Weapons Authority, Applying for...

76 FR 13436 - NIJ Request for Comments on Draft Vehicular Digital Multimedia Evidence Recording System...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-11

... Comments on Draft Vehicular Digital Multimedia Evidence Recording System Certification Program Requirements for Law Enforcement and Draft Law Enforcement Vehicular Digital Multimedia Evidence Recording System... two draft documents: ``Vehicular Digital Multimedia Evidence Recording System Certification Program...

78 FR 77027 - Overhead Clearance (Air-Draft) Accidents

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-20

... No. USCG-2013-0466] Overhead Clearance (Air-Draft) Accidents AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION... clearance (air-draft) accidents. In its petition, which calls for vessel masters to be provided with accurate vertical air draft information, a maritime organization has described 16 overhead clearance...

75 FR 63188 - Draft Guidance for Industry: Early Clinical Trials With Live Biotherapeutic Products: Chemistry...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-14

...] Draft Guidance for Industry: Early Clinical Trials With Live Biotherapeutic Products: Chemistry...: Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Control Information'' dated September 2010. The draft guidance provides... Products: Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Control Information'' dated September 2010. The draft guidance...

10 CFR 51.85 - Draft environmental impact statement-rulemaking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Draft environmental impact statement-rulemaking. 51.85... Implementing Section 102(2) Draft Environmental Impact Statements-Rulemaking § 51.85 Draft environmental impact... Commission has determined to prepare an environmental impact statement. ...

A State Articulated Instructional Objectives Guide for Occupational Education Programs. State Pilot Model for Drafting (Graphic Communications). Part I--Basic. Part II--Specialty Programs. Section A (Mechanical Drafting and Design). Section B (Architectural Drafting and Design).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

North Carolina State Dept. of Community Colleges, Raleigh.

A two-part articulation instructional objective guide for drafting (graphic communications) is provided. Part I contains summary information on seven blocks (courses) of instruction. They are as follow: introduction; basic technical drafting; problem solving in graphics; reproduction processes; freehand drawing and sketching; graphics composition;…

78 FR 56718 - Draft Guidance for Industry on Bioanalytical Method Validation; Availability

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-13

...] Draft Guidance for Industry on Bioanalytical Method Validation; Availability AGENCY: Food and Drug... availability of a draft guidance for industry entitled ``Bioanalytical Method Validation.'' The draft guidance is intended to provide recommendations regarding analytical method development and validation for the...

General Drafting. Technical Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Department of the Army, Washington, DC.

The manual provides instructional guidance and reference material in the principles and procedures of general drafting and constitutes the primary study text for personnel in drafting as a military occupational specialty. Included is information on drafting equipment and its use; line weights, conventions and formats; lettering; engineering charts…

Basic Drafting. Revised.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schertz, Karen

This introductory module on drafting includes the technical content and tasks necessary for a student to be employed in an entry-level drafting occupation. The module contains 18 instructional units that cover the following topics: introduction to drafting; tools and equipment; supplies and materials; sketching; scales; drawing format; lettering;…

10 CFR 51.85 - Draft environmental impact statement-rulemaking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Draft environmental impact statement-rulemaking. 51.85 Section 51.85 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REGULATIONS FOR... Implementing Section 102(2) Draft Environmental Impact Statements-Rulemaking § 51.85 Draft environmental impact...

10 CFR 51.85 - Draft environmental impact statement-rulemaking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Draft environmental impact statement-rulemaking. 51.85 Section 51.85 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REGULATIONS FOR... Implementing Section 102(2) Draft Environmental Impact Statements-Rulemaking § 51.85 Draft environmental impact...

10 CFR 51.85 - Draft environmental impact statement-rulemaking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Draft environmental impact statement-rulemaking. 51.85 Section 51.85 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REGULATIONS FOR... Implementing Section 102(2) Draft Environmental Impact Statements-Rulemaking § 51.85 Draft environmental impact...

10 CFR 51.85 - Draft environmental impact statement-rulemaking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Draft environmental impact statement-rulemaking. 51.85 Section 51.85 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REGULATIONS FOR... Implementing Section 102(2) Draft Environmental Impact Statements-Rulemaking § 51.85 Draft environmental impact...

76 FR 6085 - Draft Regulatory Guide: Issuance, Availability

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-03

...-2011-0014] RIN 3150-AI49 Draft Regulatory Guide: Issuance, Availability AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice Availability of Draft Regulatory Guide. SUMMARY: The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (Commission or NRC) is issuing for public comment Draft Regulatory Guide, DG-5019, ``Reporting and...

78 FR 17653 - Upper Great Plains Wind Energy Draft Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (DOE/EIS-0408)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-22

... infrastructure development, including siting wind turbines, access roads, underground collector lines, overhead... Wildlife Service Upper Great Plains Wind Energy Draft Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (DOE/EIS... Plains Wind Energy Draft Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (Draft [[Page 17654

[New discovery of the handwritten draft of Eucharius Rösslin's midwifery textbook Pregnant Women and Midwives Rosengarten and Ps.-Ortlof's Small Book for Women].

PubMed

Kruse, B J

1994-01-01

The author of the famous midwifery text book Der schwangeren Frauen und Hebammen Rosengarten has until now thought to have been Eucharius Rösslin the Elder, in whose name the first printed edition of the work appeared in 1513. According to him, he compiled the text from various sources in the years 1508-1512 at the suggestion of the Duchess Catherine of Brunswick-Luneburg. In the SB und UB Hamburg there is a handwritten preliminary draft of Rosengarten (Cod. med. 801, p. 9-130), dated by the scribe in the year 1494 (this is borne out by watermark analysis). It reproduces the text of Rosengarten without the privilegium, the dedication and the rhyming 'admonition' of the pregnant women and the midwives, as well as the glossary and the illustrative woodcuts almost identically. The printed version of Rosengarten was also expanded by Eucharius Rösslin the Elder with passages among others from Ps.-Ortolfs Frauenbüchlein. The author of this paper was also able to trace a handwritten preliminary draft of Frauenbüchlein, until now unknown, in manuscript 2967 of the Austrian National Library in Vienna. The remark Hic liber pertinet ad Constantinum Roeslin written in the manuscript by a previous owner, and a treatise on syphilis in the hand Eucharius Rösslin the Younger, would indicate that Cod. med. 801 was once in the possession of the Rösslin family. Since Eucharius Rösslin the Elder was born around 1470, and since errors and omissions in Cod. med. 801 indicate that it is a copy of an older text, we are confronted with the question of whether or not the handwritten edition of Rosengarten originates from him or from some other author.

EPA scientific integrity policy draft

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Showstack, Randy

2011-08-01

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued its draft scientific integrity policy on 5 August. The draft policy addresses scientific ethical standards, communications with the public, the use of advisory committees and peer review, and professional development. The draft policy was developed by an ad hoc group of EPA senior staff and scientists in response to a December 2010 memorandum on scientific integrity from the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy. The agency is accepting public comments on the draft through 6 September; comments should be sent to osa.staff@epa.gov. For more information, see http://www.epa.gov/stpc/pdfs/draft-scientific-integrity-policy-aug2011.pdf.

IRIS Toxicological Review of Dichloromethane (Methylene Chloride) (Interagency Science Consultation Draft)

EPA Science Inventory

On March 31, 2010, the draft IRIS Toxicological Review of Dichloromethane (Methylene Chloride) external review draft document and the charge to external peer reviewers were released for public review and comment. The draft document and the charge to external peer reviewers were r...

Drafting--Basic, Drafting--Intermediate: 9255.01.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dade County Public Schools, Miami, FL.

The course has no prerequisites, offers instruction in basic drafting room techniques and procedures, and also covers job opportunities and industrial methods in engineering. The student is introduced to and asked to perform fundamental drafting problems with working drawings, using multiview and auxiliary views and sections. The course also…

IRIS Toxicological Review of Trimethylbenzenes (Revised External Review Draft)

EPA Science Inventory

In August 2013, EPA submitted a revised draft IRIS assessment of trimethylbenzenes to the agency's Science Advisory Board (SAB) and posted this draft on the IRIS website. EPA had previously released a draft of the assessment for public comment, held a public meeting about the dr...

Mechnical Drawing/Drafting Curriculum Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gregory, Margaret R.; Benson, Robert T.

This curriculum guide consists of materials for teaching a course in mechanical drawing and drafting. Addressed in the individual units of the guide are the following topics: the nature and scope of drawing and drafting, visualization and spatial relationships, drafting tools and materials, linework, freehand lettering, geometric construction,…

75 FR 51838 - Public Review of Draft Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-23

... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Geological Survey Public Review of Draft Coastal and Marine Ecological... comments on draft Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard. SUMMARY: The Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) is conducting a public review of the draft Coastal and Marine Ecological...

10 CFR 51.76 - Draft environmental impact statement-limited work authorization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Draft environmental impact statement-limited work...-Regulations Implementing Section 102(2) Draft Environmental Impact Statements-Production and Utilization Facilities § 51.76 Draft environmental impact statement—limited work authorization. The NRC will prepare a...

10 CFR 51.77 - Distribution of draft environmental impact statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Distribution of draft environmental impact statement. 51...-Regulations Implementing Section 102(2) Draft Environmental Impact Statements-Production and Utilization Facilities § 51.77 Distribution of draft environmental impact statement. (a) In addition to the distribution...

10 CFR 51.77 - Distribution of draft environmental impact statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Distribution of draft environmental impact statement. 51...-Regulations Implementing Section 102(2) Draft Environmental Impact Statements-Production and Utilization Facilities § 51.77 Distribution of draft environmental impact statement. (a) In addition to the distribution...

10 CFR 51.76 - Draft environmental impact statement-limited work authorization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Draft environmental impact statement-limited work...-Regulations Implementing Section 102(2) Draft Environmental Impact Statements-Production and Utilization Facilities § 51.76 Draft environmental impact statement—limited work authorization. The NRC will prepare a...

77 FR 44610 - Notice of Availability of Draft Environmental Assessment

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-30

.... 12968-001-CT] Notice of Availability of Draft Environmental Assessment FirstLight Hydro Generating...). Staff prepared a draft environmental assessment (EA), which analyzes the potential environmental effects... human environment. A copy of the draft EA is available for review at the Commission in the Public...

40 CFR 1502.9 - Draft, final, and supplemental statements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 34 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Draft, final, and supplemental... IMPACT STATEMENT § 1502.9 Draft, final, and supplemental statements. Except for proposals for legislation... supplemented. (a) Draft environmental impact statements shall be prepared in accordance with the scope decided...

10 CFR 51.76 - Draft environmental impact statement-limited work authorization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Draft environmental impact statement-limited work...-Regulations Implementing Section 102(2) Draft Environmental Impact Statements-Production and Utilization Facilities § 51.76 Draft environmental impact statement—limited work authorization. The NRC will prepare a...

40 CFR 1502.9 - Draft, final, and supplemental statements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Draft, final, and supplemental... IMPACT STATEMENT § 1502.9 Draft, final, and supplemental statements. Except for proposals for legislation... supplemented. (a) Draft environmental impact statements shall be prepared in accordance with the scope decided...

10 CFR 51.77 - Distribution of draft environmental impact statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Distribution of draft environmental impact statement. 51...-Regulations Implementing Section 102(2) Draft Environmental Impact Statements-Production and Utilization Facilities § 51.77 Distribution of draft environmental impact statement. (a) In addition to the distribution...

29 CFR 1918.82 - Building drafts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 7 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Building drafts. 1918.82 Section 1918.82 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR LONGSHORING Handling Cargo § 1918.82 Building drafts. (a) Drafts shall...

10 CFR 51.76 - Draft environmental impact statement-limited work authorization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Draft environmental impact statement-limited work...-Regulations Implementing Section 102(2) Draft Environmental Impact Statements-Production and Utilization Facilities § 51.76 Draft environmental impact statement—limited work authorization. The NRC will prepare a...

40 CFR 1502.9 - Draft, final, and supplemental statements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Draft, final, and supplemental... IMPACT STATEMENT § 1502.9 Draft, final, and supplemental statements. Except for proposals for legislation... supplemented. (a) Draft environmental impact statements shall be prepared in accordance with the scope decided...

29 CFR 1918.82 - Building drafts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 7 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Building drafts. 1918.82 Section 1918.82 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR LONGSHORING Handling Cargo § 1918.82 Building drafts. (a) Drafts shall...

29 CFR 1918.82 - Building drafts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 7 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Building drafts. 1918.82 Section 1918.82 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR LONGSHORING Handling Cargo § 1918.82 Building drafts. (a) Drafts shall...

40 CFR 1502.9 - Draft, final, and supplemental statements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Draft, final, and supplemental... IMPACT STATEMENT § 1502.9 Draft, final, and supplemental statements. Except for proposals for legislation... supplemented. (a) Draft environmental impact statements shall be prepared in accordance with the scope decided...

10 CFR 51.77 - Distribution of draft environmental impact statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Distribution of draft environmental impact statement. 51...-Regulations Implementing Section 102(2) Draft Environmental Impact Statements-Production and Utilization Facilities § 51.77 Distribution of draft environmental impact statement. (a) In addition to the distribution...

40 CFR 1502.9 - Draft, final, and supplemental statements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 34 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Draft, final, and supplemental... IMPACT STATEMENT § 1502.9 Draft, final, and supplemental statements. Except for proposals for legislation... supplemented. (a) Draft environmental impact statements shall be prepared in accordance with the scope decided...

29 CFR 1918.82 - Building drafts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 7 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Building drafts. 1918.82 Section 1918.82 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR LONGSHORING Handling Cargo § 1918.82 Building drafts. (a) Drafts shall...

78 FR 54906 - Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Report/Environmental Impact Statement for a Proposed...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-06

...-FF08ECAR00] Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Report/Environmental Impact Statement for a Proposed... Conservation Commission (CVCC), has prepared a joint draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Report/Environmental Impact Statement (draft Supplemental EIR/EIS) under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA...

77 FR 69632 - Draft Guidance for Industry on Electronic Source Data in Clinical Investigations; Availability

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-20

...] Draft Guidance for Industry on Electronic Source Data in Clinical Investigations; Availability AGENCY... announcing the availability of a draft guidance for industry entitled ``Electronic Source Data in Clinical... in Clinical Investigations.'' This revised draft document provides guidance to sponsors, contract...

75 FR 22400 - Draft Test Guidelines; Reopening of Comment Period

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-28

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [EPA-HQ-OPP-2009-0681; FRL-8822-3] Draft Test Guidelines... draft test guidelines for product performance of public health uses of antimicrobial agents. EPA...-8437-2). In that document, EPA announced the availability of four draft test guidelines for product...

IRIS Toxicological Review of Inorganic Arsenic (Cancer) (Interagency Science Consultation Draft)

EPA Science Inventory

On February 19, 2010, the draft IRIS Toxicological Review of Inorganic Arsenic (Cancer) external review draft document and the charge to external peer reviewers were released for public review and comment. The draft document and the charge to external peer reviewers were reviewed...

76 FR 9345 - Soule Hydro, LLC; Notice of Draft License Application and Preliminary Draft Environmental...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-17

...] Soule Hydro, LLC; Notice of Draft License Application and Preliminary Draft Environmental Assessment (PDEA) and Request for Preliminary Terms and Conditions Take notice that the following hydroelectric... Project: With this notice the Commission is soliciting (1) preliminary terms, conditions, and...

76 FR 10908 - Draft Guidance for Industry on Medication Guides-Distribution Requirements and Inclusion of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-28

...] Draft Guidance for Industry on Medication Guides--Distribution Requirements and Inclusion of Medication... a draft guidance for industry entitled ``Medication Guides--Distribution Requirements and Inclusion... Inclusion of Medication Guides in Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (REMS).'' This draft guidance is...

10 CFR 51.76 - Draft environmental impact statement-limited work authorization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Draft environmental impact statement-limited work...-Regulations Implementing Section 102(2) Draft Environmental Impact Statements-Production and Utilization Facilities § 51.76 Draft environmental impact statement—limited work authorization. The NRC will prepare a...

10 CFR 51.77 - Distribution of draft environmental impact statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Distribution of draft environmental impact statement. 51...-Regulations Implementing Section 102(2) Draft Environmental Impact Statements-Production and Utilization Facilities § 51.77 Distribution of draft environmental impact statement. (a) In addition to the distribution...

78 FR 39253 - Notice of Extension of Comment Period for Draft Initial Comprehensive Plan and Draft...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-01

...Pursuant to the Resources and Ecosystems Sustainability, Tourist Opportunities, and Revived Economies of the Gulf States Act (RESTORE Act), the Secretary of Commerce, as Chair of the Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Council (Council), announces the extension of the public comment period for the Draft Initial Comprehensive Plan (Draft Plan) to restore and protect the Gulf Coast region and the Draft Programmatic Environmental Assessment (Draft PEA) for the Draft Plan. Council Members also have compiled preliminary lists of ecosystem restoration projects that are ``authorized but not yet commenced'' and the full Council is in the process of evaluating these lists; the Council announces the availability of these preliminary lists. If you previously submitted comments, please do not resubmit them because the Council has already incorporated them into the public record and will fully consider them.

77 FR 22247 - Veterinary Feed Directive; Draft Text for Proposed Regulation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-13

.... FDA-2010-N-0155] Veterinary Feed Directive; Draft Text for Proposed Regulation AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS. ACTION: Notification; draft text for proposed regulation. SUMMARY: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is announcing the availability of draft text for a proposed regulation intended to improve...

76 FR 65744 - Draft Environmental Assessment and Draft Habitat Conservation Plan for Lower Colorado River...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-24

...] Draft Environmental Assessment and Draft Habitat Conservation Plan for Lower Colorado River Authority... of availability of documents and announcement of public hearings. SUMMARY: The Lower Colorado River... issuance of an incidental take permit (ITP) to Lower Colorado River Authority Transmission Services...

Electrical and Electronic Drafting, Drafting 3: 9257.01.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dade County Public Schools, Miami, FL.

The course covers the standards used in the electronic field, electrical drawings, electronic drafting, and parts of functional drafting. The student will become familiar with symbols used in these fields and become proficient with tools and reference material used in drawing schematics and mechanical details and in electrical and electronic…

Health Assessment Document for Diesel Emissions (SAB Review Draft February 1998)

EPA Science Inventory

The US. EPA has prepared a draft assessment of the possible health hazards from human exposure to diesel engine exhaust emissions. This 1998 draft assessment is an update of a December 1994 draft assessment that was reviewed in 1995 by the Agency's Clean Air Scientific Advisory C...

12 CFR 701.35 - Share, share draft, and share certificate accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF FEDERAL CREDIT UNIONS § 701.35 Share, share draft, and share certificate accounts. (a) Federal credit unions may offer share, share draft, and share...) A Federal credit union shall accurately represent the terms and conditions of its share, share draft...

12 CFR 701.35 - Share, share draft, and share certificate accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF FEDERAL CREDIT UNIONS § 701.35 Share, share draft, and share certificate accounts. (a) Federal credit unions may offer share, share draft, and share...) A Federal credit union shall accurately represent the terms and conditions of its share, share draft...

12 CFR 701.35 - Share, share draft, and share certificate accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF FEDERAL CREDIT UNIONS § 701.35 Share, share draft, and share certificate accounts. (a) Federal credit unions may offer share, share draft, and share...) A Federal credit union shall accurately represent the terms and conditions of its share, share draft...

77 FR 2292 - Request for Nominations for Peer Reviewers for the Draft Research Report Entitled, “Investigation...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-17

... Draft Research Report Entitled, ``Investigation of Ground Water Contamination Near Pavillion, WY... external review of the draft research report entitled, ``Investigation of Ground Water Contamination near Pavillion, Wyoming.'' The draft research report was prepared by the National Risk Management Research...

78 FR 72899 - Draft Guidance for Industry on Registration for Human Drug Compounding Outsourcing Facilities...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-04

... facilities. The draft guidance discusses the process for registration of outsourcing facilities. The draft... outsourcing facilities that will participate in the process. Estimated reporting burden until September 30...] Draft Guidance for Industry on Registration for Human Drug Compounding Outsourcing Facilities Under...

23 CFR 771.123 - Draft environmental impact statements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Draft environmental impact statements. 771.123 Section... ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND RELATED PROCEDURES § 771.123 Draft environmental impact statements. (a) A draft EIS shall be prepared when the Administration determines that the action is likely to cause...

16 CFR 1.84 - Draft environmental impact statements: Availability and comment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Draft environmental impact statements... Environmental Policy Act of 1969 § 1.84 Draft environmental impact statements: Availability and comment. Except for proposals for legislation, environmental impact statements shall be prepared in two stages: Draft...

76 FR 26284 - Draft Integrated Science Assessment for Lead (Pb)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-06

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9302-5; Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-ORD-2011-0051] Draft Integrated... the availability of a document titled, ``First External Review Draft Integrated Science Assessment for Lead'' (EPA/600/R-10/075A). This draft document was prepared by the National Center for Environmental...

10 CFR 51.117 - Draft environmental impact statement-notice of availability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Draft environmental impact statement-notice of...-Regulations Implementing Section 102(2) Public Notice of and Access to Environmental Documents § 51.117 Draft environmental impact statement—notice of availability. (a) Upon completion of a draft environmental impact...

10 CFR 51.70 - Draft environmental impact statement-general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Draft environmental impact statement-general. 51.70... Implementing Section 102(2) Environmental Impact Statements § 51.70 Draft environmental impact statement—general. (a) The NRC staff will prepare a draft environmental impact statement as soon as practicable...

10 CFR 51.117 - Draft environmental impact statement-notice of availability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Draft environmental impact statement-notice of...-Regulations Implementing Section 102(2) Public Notice of and Access to Environmental Documents § 51.117 Draft environmental impact statement—notice of availability. (a) Upon completion of a draft environmental impact...

10 CFR 51.117 - Draft environmental impact statement-notice of availability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Draft environmental impact statement-notice of...-Regulations Implementing Section 102(2) Public Notice of and Access to Environmental Documents § 51.117 Draft environmental impact statement—notice of availability. (a) Upon completion of a draft environmental impact...

33 CFR 401.29 - Maximum draft.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Maximum draft. 401.29 Section 401... TRANSPORTATION SEAWAY REGULATIONS AND RULES Regulations Seaway Navigation § 401.29 Maximum draft. (a) Notwithstanding any provision herein, the loading of cargo, draft and speed of a vessel in transit shall be...

10 CFR 51.70 - Draft environmental impact statement-general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Draft environmental impact statement-general. 51.70... Implementing Section 102(2) Environmental Impact Statements § 51.70 Draft environmental impact statement—general. (a) The NRC staff will prepare a draft environmental impact statement as soon as practicable...

10 CFR 51.70 - Draft environmental impact statement-general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Draft environmental impact statement-general. 51.70... Implementing Section 102(2) Environmental Impact Statements § 51.70 Draft environmental impact statement—general. (a) The NRC staff will prepare a draft environmental impact statement as soon as practicable...

16 CFR 1.84 - Draft environmental impact statements: Availability and comment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Draft environmental impact statements... Environmental Policy Act of 1969 § 1.84 Draft environmental impact statements: Availability and comment. Except for proposals for legislation, environmental impact statements shall be prepared in two stages: Draft...

33 CFR 401.29 - Maximum draft.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Maximum draft. 401.29 Section 401... TRANSPORTATION SEAWAY REGULATIONS AND RULES Regulations Seaway Navigation § 401.29 Maximum draft. (a) Notwithstanding any provision herein, the loading of cargo, draft and speed of a vessel in transit shall be...

10 CFR 51.70 - Draft environmental impact statement-general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Draft environmental impact statement-general. 51.70... Implementing Section 102(2) Environmental Impact Statements § 51.70 Draft environmental impact statement—general. (a) The NRC staff will prepare a draft environmental impact statement as soon as practicable...

16 CFR 1.84 - Draft environmental impact statements: Availability and comment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Draft environmental impact statements... Environmental Policy Act of 1969 § 1.84 Draft environmental impact statements: Availability and comment. Except for proposals for legislation, environmental impact statements shall be prepared in two stages: Draft...

10 CFR 51.117 - Draft environmental impact statement-notice of availability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Draft environmental impact statement-notice of...-Regulations Implementing Section 102(2) Public Notice of and Access to Environmental Documents § 51.117 Draft environmental impact statement—notice of availability. (a) Upon completion of a draft environmental impact...

19 CFR 207.63 - Circulation of draft questionnaires.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Circulation of draft questionnaires. 207.63... SUBSIDIZED EXPORTS TO THE UNITED STATES Five-Year Reviews § 207.63 Circulation of draft questionnaires. (a) The Director shall circulate draft questionnaires to the parties for comment in each full review. (b...

19 CFR 207.63 - Circulation of draft questionnaires.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Circulation of draft questionnaires. 207.63... SUBSIDIZED EXPORTS TO THE UNITED STATES Five-Year Reviews § 207.63 Circulation of draft questionnaires. (a) The Director shall circulate draft questionnaires to the parties for comment in each full review. (b...

19 CFR 207.63 - Circulation of draft questionnaires.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Circulation of draft questionnaires. 207.63... SUBSIDIZED EXPORTS TO THE UNITED STATES Five-Year Reviews § 207.63 Circulation of draft questionnaires. (a) The Director shall circulate draft questionnaires to the parties for comment in each full review. (b...

23 CFR 771.123 - Draft environmental impact statements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Draft environmental impact statements. 771.123 Section... ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND RELATED PROCEDURES § 771.123 Draft environmental impact statements. (a) A draft EIS shall be prepared when the Administration determines that the action is likely to cause...

23 CFR 771.123 - Draft environmental impact statements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Draft environmental impact statements. 771.123 Section... ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND RELATED PROCEDURES § 771.123 Draft environmental impact statements. (a) A draft EIS shall be prepared when the Administration determines that the action is likely to cause...

19 CFR 207.63 - Circulation of draft questionnaires.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 3 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Circulation of draft questionnaires. 207.63... SUBSIDIZED EXPORTS TO THE UNITED STATES Five-Year Reviews § 207.63 Circulation of draft questionnaires. (a) The Director shall circulate draft questionnaires to the parties for comment in each full review. (b...

16 CFR 1.84 - Draft environmental impact statements: Availability and comment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Draft environmental impact statements... Environmental Policy Act of 1969 § 1.84 Draft environmental impact statements: Availability and comment. Except for proposals for legislation, environmental impact statements shall be prepared in two stages: Draft...

75 FR 78980 - Notice of Availability of the Draft Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement for Solar Energy...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-17

...] Notice of Availability of the Draft Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement for Solar Energy... Draft Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for Solar Energy Development in Six Southwestern... preferred method of commenting. Mail: Addressed to: Solar Energy Draft Programmatic EIS, Argonne National...

77 FR 8890 - Clarks River National Wildlife Refuge, KY; Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-15

...-FF04R02000] Clarks River National Wildlife Refuge, KY; Draft Comprehensive Conservation Plan and... availability of a draft comprehensive conservation plan and environmental assessment (Draft CCP/EA) for Clarks... (telephone). SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Introduction With this notice, we continue the CCP process for Clarks...

IRIS Toxicological Review of Libby Amphibole Asbestos (Interagency Science Discussion Draft)

EPA Science Inventory

On August 25, 2011, the draft assessment of Libby Amphibole asbestos was released for external peer review and public comment. The draft assessment was revised based on peer review comments from EPA’s Science Advisory Board (SAB) and public comments. The revised draft was review...

76 FR 77832 - Availability of Draft NTP Technical Reports; Request for Comments; Announcement of a Public...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-14

... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Availability of Draft NTP Technical Reports; Request for Comments; Announcement of a Public Meeting To Peer Review Draft NTP Technical Reports AGENCY: National... Meeting. SUMMARY: The NTP announces the availability of seven draft NTP Technical Reports (TRs...

76 FR 58018 - Draft Guidance for Industry on Self-Selection Studies for Nonprescription Drug Products...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-19

...] Draft Guidance for Industry on Self-Selection Studies for Nonprescription Drug Products; Availability...) is announcing the availability of a draft guidance for industry entitled ``Self-Selection Studies for Nonprescription Drug Products.'' The draft guidance is intended to provide recommendations to industry on the...

78 FR 26064 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Draft Conservation Strategy for the Northern...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-03

...] Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Draft Conservation Strategy for the Northern Continental... availability of a draft Conservation Strategy for the Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem grizzly bear (Ursus.... ADDRESSES: An electronic copy of the draft Conservation Strategy for the Northern Continental Divide grizzly...

19 CFR 207.63 - Circulation of draft questionnaires.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Circulation of draft questionnaires. 207.63... SUBSIDIZED EXPORTS TO THE UNITED STATES Five-Year Reviews § 207.63 Circulation of draft questionnaires. (a) The Director shall circulate draft questionnaires to the parties for comment in each full review. (b...

10 CFR 51.70 - Draft environmental impact statement-general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Draft environmental impact statement-general. 51.70... Implementing Section 102(2) Environmental Impact Statements § 51.70 Draft environmental impact statement—general. (a) The NRC staff will prepare a draft environmental impact statement as soon as practicable...

16 CFR 1.84 - Draft environmental impact statements: Availability and comment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Draft environmental impact statements... Environmental Policy Act of 1969 § 1.84 Draft environmental impact statements: Availability and comment. Except for proposals for legislation, environmental impact statements shall be prepared in two stages: Draft...

10 CFR 51.71 - Draft environmental impact statement-contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Draft environmental impact statement-contents. 51.71... Implementing Section 102(2) Environmental Impact Statements § 51.71 Draft environmental impact statement—contents. (a) Scope. The draft environmental impact statement will be prepared in accordance with the scope...

10 CFR 51.117 - Draft environmental impact statement-notice of availability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Draft environmental impact statement-notice of... environmental impact statement—notice of availability. (a) Upon completion of a draft environmental impact statement or any supplement to a draft environmental impact statement, the appropriate NRC staff director...

77 FR 22761 - Draft Management Plan and Environmental Assessment for Monitor National Marine Sanctuary: Notice...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-17

... Environmental Assessment for Monitor National Marine Sanctuary: Notice of Public Availability and Meetings... amended, NOAA is soliciting public comment on the draft management plan and draft environmental assessment... draft environmental assessment will be considered if received on or before June 22, 2012. Public...

Debate on the Draft--Helping Students Decide Where They Stand.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Victory, James

1981-01-01

Presents four exercises to help secondary school social studies students understand the complex issues of the draft. Students participate in a mock draft lottery, analyze Phil Och's Draft Dodger Rag, examine how individual experiences affect attitudes, and compare writings by Bill Mauldin and Ron Kovic. (KC)

78 FR 23926 - Extension of the Public Comment Period for the Draft Uranium Leasing Program Programmatic...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-23

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Extension of the Public Comment Period for the Draft Uranium Leasing Program Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement AGENCY: Department of Energy. ACTION: Extension of the public... the Draft Uranium Leasing Program Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (Draft ULP PEIS, DOE/EIS...

7 CFR 1488.13 - CCC drafts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false CCC drafts. 1488.13 Section 1488.13 Agriculture... Export Sales of Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit Sales Program (GSM-5) Bank Obligations and Repayment § 1488.13 CCC drafts. CCC will draw one draft for each payment due under...

7 CFR 1488.13 - CCC drafts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false CCC drafts. 1488.13 Section 1488.13 Agriculture... Export Sales of Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit Sales Program (GSM-5) Bank Obligations and Repayment § 1488.13 CCC drafts. CCC will draw one draft for each payment due under...

Geological science needs studied

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

The Geological Sciences Board of the National Academy of Science is conducting a study of the trends, needs, and priorities of the geological sciences for the 1980s. Many organizations and individuals already have been contacted regarding this task; however, in order to ensure that the forthcoming report is based broadly on ideas from the scientific community, the Geological Sciences Board solicits the thoughts of AGU members about the substance of the study. Please send your questions and comments by early this fall to William Dickinson, chairman of the Geological Sciences Board, National Academy of Sciences, Room 69, 2101 Constitution Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20418. A draft report is expected in January 1983.

Response to Question on whether the Combustion of Municipal Sewage Sludge would Qualify as Municipal Solid Waste under the Exemption Provided in Section IV.B. of the Draft Changes to EPA's Emission Offset Interpretive Ruling

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This document may be of assistance in applying the New Source Review (NSR) air permitting regulations including the Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) requirements. This document is part of the NSR Policy and Guidance Database. Some documents in the database are a scanned or retyped version of a paper photocopy of the original. Although we have taken considerable effort to quality assure the documents, some may contain typographical errors. Contact the office that issued the document if you need a copy of the original.

Accuracy of professional sports drafts in predicting career potential.

PubMed

Koz, D; Fraser-Thomas, J; Baker, J

2012-08-01

The forecasting of talented players is a crucial aspect of building a successful sports franchise and professional sports invest significant resources in making player choices in sport drafts. The current study examined the relationship between career performance (i.e. games played) and draft round for the National Football League, National Hockey League, National Basketball League, and Major League Baseball for players drafted from 1980 to 1989 (n = 4874) against the assumption of a linear relationship between performance and draft round (i.e. that players with the most potential will be selected before players of lower potential). A two-step analysis revealed significant differences in games played across draft rounds (step 1) and a significant negative relationship between draft round and games played (step 2); however, the amount of variance accounted for was relatively low (less than 17%). Results highlight the challenges of accurately evaluating amateur talent. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

76 FR 45848 - Draft Environmental Impact Statement on a Denali Park Road Vehicle Management Plan for Denali...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-01

... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR National Park Service Draft Environmental Impact Statement on a Denali..., Interior. ACTION: Notice of availability of the Draft Environmental Impact Statement on a Denali Park Road... announces the availability of a Draft Environmental Impact Statement (DEIS) on a Denali Park Road Vehicle...

77 FR 43609 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Incidental Take Permit Application; Draft...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-25

... Environmental Assessment and Draft San Luis Valley Regional Habitat Conservation Plan, Colorado AGENCY: Fish and... implementation of a regional habitat conservation plan (HCP) in the San Luis Valley, Colorado. Pursuant to the ESA and the National Environmental Policy Act, we announce the availability of the draft HCP and draft...

Articulated Instruction Objectives Guide for Drafting. Final Document for Articulation of Drafting.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henderson, Wm. Edward, Jr.

Intended for use in competency-based and criterion-referenced vocational programs, this articulated, performance-based instruction objectives guide for Drafting I is designed for reference use in the articulation of drafting programs at the secondary and postsecondary levels. It consists of a description of the development of the guide, 14…

Orientation, Sketching, Mechanical Drawing, Drafting--Basic: 9253.01.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dade County Public Schools, Miami, FL.

The course introduces the student to the drafting trade, freehand sketching, and basic mechanical drawing. The course has no prerequisites and will guide the student into drafting concepts and serve as a foundation for further study in vocational drafting. Requiring a total of 45 class hours, eight hours are utilized in orientation, 15 hours are…

49 CFR 215.127 - Defective draft arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION RAILROAD FREIGHT CAR SAFETY STANDARDS Freight Car Components Draft System § 215.127 Defective draft arrangement. A railroad may not place or continue in service a car, if— (a) The car has a draft gear that is inoperative; (b) The car has a broken yoke; (c) An end of car...

49 CFR 215.127 - Defective draft arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION RAILROAD FREIGHT CAR SAFETY STANDARDS Freight Car Components Draft System § 215.127 Defective draft arrangement. A railroad may not place or continue in service a car, if— (a) The car has a draft gear that is inoperative; (b) The car has a broken yoke; (c) An end of car...

49 CFR 215.127 - Defective draft arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION RAILROAD FREIGHT CAR SAFETY STANDARDS Freight Car Components Draft System § 215.127 Defective draft arrangement. A railroad may not place or continue in service a car, if— (a) The car has a draft gear that is inoperative; (b) The car has a broken yoke; (c) An end of car...

49 CFR 215.127 - Defective draft arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION RAILROAD FREIGHT CAR SAFETY STANDARDS Freight Car Components Draft System § 215.127 Defective draft arrangement. A railroad may not place or continue in service a car, if— (a) The car has a draft gear that is inoperative; (b) The car has a broken yoke; (c) An end of car...

49 CFR 215.127 - Defective draft arrangement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION RAILROAD FREIGHT CAR SAFETY STANDARDS Freight Car Components Draft System § 215.127 Defective draft arrangement. A railroad may not place or continue in service a car, if— (a) The car has a draft gear that is inoperative; (b) The car has a broken yoke; (c) An end of car...

The Physics of Bump Drafting in Car Racing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fiolhais, Miguel C. N.; Amor dos Santos, Susana

2014-01-01

The technique of bump drafting, also known as two-car drafting in motorsports, is analysed in the framework of Newtonian mechanics and simple aerodynamic drag forces. As an apparent unnatural effect that often pleases the enthusiasts of car racing, bump drafting provides a unique pedagogical opportunity for students to gain insights into the…

29 CFR 1918.82 - Building drafts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 7 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Building drafts. 1918.82 Section 1918.82 Labor Regulations...) SAFETY AND HEALTH REGULATIONS FOR LONGSHORING Handling Cargo § 1918.82 Building drafts. (a) Drafts shall be built or means shall be taken to prevent cargo from falling from them. (b) Buckets and tubs used...

76 FR 51365 - Notification of a Public Teleconference of the Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee (CASAC...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-18

... Assessment for Lead (First External Review Draft--May 2011). DATES: The CASAC Lead Review Panel... Integrated Science Assessment for Lead (First External Review Draft--May 2011) and to provide consultative... draft letter reviewing EPA's Integrated Science Assessment for Lead (First External Review Draft--May...

78 FR 14538 - Notification of a Public Teleconference of the Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-06

... Assessment for Lead (Third External Review Draft--November 2012) and EPA's Policy Assessment for the Review of the Lead National Ambient Air Quality Standards (First External Review Draft--January 2013). DATES... CASAC will hold a public teleconference review its draft letters on EPA's third external review draft of...

46 CFR 167.65-40 - Draft.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Draft. 167.65-40 Section 167.65-40 Shipping COAST GUARD... Requirements § 167.65-40 Draft. The master of every nautical school ship over 50 gross tons shall, whenever leaving port, enter the maximum draft of his nautical school ship in the log book. ...

46 CFR 131.510 - Draft and loadline markings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Draft and loadline markings. 131.510 Section 131.510..., Drills, and Inspections § 131.510 Draft and loadline markings. (a) The master of each vessel on an ocean or coastwise voyage shall enter in the vessel's logbook the drafts of the vessel, forward and aft...

40 CFR 124.208 - What are the opportunities for public comments and hearings on draft permit decisions?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... comments and hearings on draft permit decisions? 124.208 Section 124.208 Protection of Environment... the opportunities for public comments and hearings on draft permit decisions? (a) The public notice... your draft permit decision. This time is referred to as the public comment period. You must...

40 CFR 124.208 - What are the opportunities for public comments and hearings on draft permit decisions?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... comments and hearings on draft permit decisions? 124.208 Section 124.208 Protection of Environment... the opportunities for public comments and hearings on draft permit decisions? (a) The public notice... your draft permit decision. This time is referred to as the public comment period. You must...

Multi-Draft Composing: An Iterative Model for Academic Argument Writing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eckstein, Grant; Chariton, Jessica; McCollum, Robb Mark

2011-01-01

Post-secondary writing teachers in composition and English as a second language (ESL) writing programs are likely familiar with multi-draft composing. Both composition and ESL writing programs share nearly identical multi-draft models despite the very unique and different cultures of each group. We argue that multi-draft composing as it is…

46 CFR 167.65-40 - Draft.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Draft. 167.65-40 Section 167.65-40 Shipping COAST GUARD... Requirements § 167.65-40 Draft. The master of every nautical school ship over 50 gross tons shall, whenever leaving port, enter the maximum draft of his nautical school ship in the log book. ...

46 CFR 131.510 - Draft and loadline markings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Draft and loadline markings. 131.510 Section 131.510..., Drills, and Inspections § 131.510 Draft and loadline markings. (a) The master of each vessel on an ocean or coastwise voyage shall enter in the vessel's logbook the drafts of the vessel, forward and aft...

10 CFR 51.72 - Supplement to draft environmental impact statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Supplement to draft environmental impact statement. 51.72... Implementing Section 102(2) Environmental Impact Statements § 51.72 Supplement to draft environmental impact statement. (a) The NRC staff will prepare a supplement to a draft environmental impact statement for which a...

31 CFR 515.531 - Payment of certain checks and drafts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Payment of certain checks and drafts... Licenses, Authorizations, and Statements of Licensing Policy § 515.531 Payment of certain checks and drafts... blocked accounts with such banking institution: (1) Of checks and drafts drawn or issued prior to the...

18 CFR 5.24 - Applications not requiring a draft NEPA document.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... requiring a draft NEPA document. 5.24 Section 5.24 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY... APPLICATION PROCESS § 5.24 Applications not requiring a draft NEPA document. (a) If the Commission determines... environmental impact statement and that a draft environmental assessment will not be required, the Commission...

31 CFR 535.531 - Payment of certain checks and drafts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Payment of certain checks and drafts... Licenses, Authorizations and Statements of Licensing Policy § 535.531 Payment of certain checks and drafts... from blocked accounts with such banking institution of checks and drafts drawn or issued prior to the...

12 CFR 701.35 - Share, share draft, and share certificate accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Share, share draft, and share certificate... AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF FEDERAL CREDIT UNIONS § 701.35 Share, share draft, and share certificate accounts. (a) Federal credit unions may offer share, share draft, and share...

18 CFR 5.25 - Applications requiring a draft NEPA document.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... a draft NEPA document. 5.25 Section 5.25 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY... APPLICATION PROCESS § 5.25 Applications requiring a draft NEPA document. (a) If the Commission determines that a license application will be processed with an environmental impact statement, or a draft and final...

31 CFR 535.531 - Payment of certain checks and drafts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Payment of certain checks and drafts... Licenses, Authorizations and Statements of Licensing Policy § 535.531 Payment of certain checks and drafts... from blocked accounts with such banking institution of checks and drafts drawn or issued prior to the...

46 CFR 131.510 - Draft and loadline markings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Draft and loadline markings. 131.510 Section 131.510..., Drills, and Inspections § 131.510 Draft and loadline markings. (a) The master of each vessel on an ocean or coastwise voyage shall enter in the vessel's logbook the drafts of the vessel, forward and aft...

31 CFR 515.531 - Payment of certain checks and drafts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Payment of certain checks and drafts... Licenses, Authorizations, and Statements of Licensing Policy § 515.531 Payment of certain checks and drafts... blocked accounts with such banking institution: (1) Of checks and drafts drawn or issued prior to the...

46 CFR 167.65-40 - Draft.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Draft. 167.65-40 Section 167.65-40 Shipping COAST GUARD... Requirements § 167.65-40 Draft. The master of every nautical school ship over 50 gross tons shall, whenever leaving port, enter the maximum draft of his nautical school ship in the log book. ...

31 CFR 515.531 - Payment of certain checks and drafts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Payment of certain checks and drafts... Licenses, Authorizations, and Statements of Licensing Policy § 515.531 Payment of certain checks and drafts... blocked accounts with such banking institution: (1) Of checks and drafts drawn or issued prior to the...

40 CFR 124.208 - What are the opportunities for public comments and hearings on draft permit decisions?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... comments and hearings on draft permit decisions? 124.208 Section 124.208 Protection of Environment... the opportunities for public comments and hearings on draft permit decisions? (a) The public notice... your draft permit decision. This time is referred to as the public comment period. You must...

31 CFR 535.531 - Payment of certain checks and drafts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Payment of certain checks and drafts... Licenses, Authorizations and Statements of Licensing Policy § 535.531 Payment of certain checks and drafts... from blocked accounts with such banking institution of checks and drafts drawn or issued prior to the...

46 CFR 167.65-40 - Draft.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Draft. 167.65-40 Section 167.65-40 Shipping COAST GUARD... Requirements § 167.65-40 Draft. The master of every nautical school ship over 50 gross tons shall, whenever leaving port, enter the maximum draft of his nautical school ship in the log book. ...

40 CFR 124.208 - What are the opportunities for public comments and hearings on draft permit decisions?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... comments and hearings on draft permit decisions? 124.208 Section 124.208 Protection of Environment... the opportunities for public comments and hearings on draft permit decisions? (a) The public notice... your draft permit decision. This time is referred to as the public comment period. You must...

10 CFR 51.72 - Supplement to draft environmental impact statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Supplement to draft environmental impact statement. 51.72... Implementing Section 102(2) Environmental Impact Statements § 51.72 Supplement to draft environmental impact statement. (a) The NRC staff will prepare a supplement to a draft environmental impact statement for which a...

10 CFR 51.72 - Supplement to draft environmental impact statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Supplement to draft environmental impact statement. 51.72... Implementing Section 102(2) Environmental Impact Statements § 51.72 Supplement to draft environmental impact statement. (a) The NRC staff will prepare a supplement to a draft environmental impact statement for which a...

18 CFR 5.25 - Applications requiring a draft NEPA document.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... a draft NEPA document. 5.25 Section 5.25 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY... APPLICATION PROCESS § 5.25 Applications requiring a draft NEPA document. (a) If the Commission determines that a license application will be processed with an environmental impact statement, or a draft and final...

31 CFR 535.531 - Payment of certain checks and drafts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Payment of certain checks and drafts... Licenses, Authorizations and Statements of Licensing Policy § 535.531 Payment of certain checks and drafts... from blocked accounts with such banking institution of checks and drafts drawn or issued prior to the...

18 CFR 5.24 - Applications not requiring a draft NEPA document.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... requiring a draft NEPA document. 5.24 Section 5.24 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY... APPLICATION PROCESS § 5.24 Applications not requiring a draft NEPA document. (a) If the Commission determines... environmental impact statement and that a draft environmental assessment will not be required, the Commission...

18 CFR 5.24 - Applications not requiring a draft NEPA document.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... requiring a draft NEPA document. 5.24 Section 5.24 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY... APPLICATION PROCESS § 5.24 Applications not requiring a draft NEPA document. (a) If the Commission determines... environmental impact statement and that a draft environmental assessment will not be required, the Commission...

31 CFR 515.531 - Payment of certain checks and drafts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Payment of certain checks and drafts... Licenses, Authorizations, and Statements of Licensing Policy § 515.531 Payment of certain checks and drafts... blocked accounts with such banking institution: (1) Of checks and drafts drawn or issued prior to the...

18 CFR 5.25 - Applications requiring a draft NEPA document.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... a draft NEPA document. 5.25 Section 5.25 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY... APPLICATION PROCESS § 5.25 Applications requiring a draft NEPA document. (a) If the Commission determines that a license application will be processed with an environmental impact statement, or a draft and final...

12 CFR 701.35 - Share, share draft, and share certificate accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Share, share draft, and share certificate... AFFECTING CREDIT UNIONS ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF FEDERAL CREDIT UNIONS § 701.35 Share, share draft, and share certificate accounts. (a) Federal credit unions may offer share, share draft, and share...

10 CFR 51.72 - Supplement to draft environmental impact statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Supplement to draft environmental impact statement. 51.72... Implementing Section 102(2) Environmental Impact Statements § 51.72 Supplement to draft environmental impact statement. (a) The NRC staff will prepare a supplement to a draft environmental impact statement for which a...

46 CFR 167.65-40 - Draft.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Draft. 167.65-40 Section 167.65-40 Shipping COAST GUARD... Requirements § 167.65-40 Draft. The master of every nautical school ship over 50 gross tons shall, whenever leaving port, enter the maximum draft of his nautical school ship in the log book. ...

40 CFR 124.208 - What are the opportunities for public comments and hearings on draft permit decisions?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... comments and hearings on draft permit decisions? 124.208 Section 124.208 Protection of Environment... the opportunities for public comments and hearings on draft permit decisions? (a) The public notice... your draft permit decision. This time is referred to as the public comment period. You must...

75 FR 19992 - Notice of Availability of the Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statement for the Proposed...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-16

... Statement for the Proposed Ivanpah Solar Electric Generation System Project, San Bernardino County, CA... Notice of Availability of the Draft Ivanpah Solar Electric Generation System EIS and the Draft California... prepared a Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the Proposed Ivanpah Solar Electric...

76 FR 66040 - NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards, Release 2.0 (Draft...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-25

...-01] NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards, Release 2.0 (Draft... draft version of the NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards, Release 2.0... Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards, Release 2.0 (Release 2.0) (Draft) for public review and...

Mississippi Curriculum Framework for General Drafting (Program CIP: 48.0101--Drafting, General). Secondary Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mississippi Research and Curriculum Unit for Vocational and Technical Education, State College.

This document, which reflects Mississippi's statutory requirement that instructional programs be based on core curricula and performance-based assessment, contains outlines of the instructional units required in local instructional management plans and daily lesson plans for two secondary-level courses in drafting: drafting I and II. Presented…

76 FR 64966 - Notice of Availability of a Draft Environmental Assessment and Receipt of an Application for an...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-19

...] Notice of Availability of a Draft Environmental Assessment and Receipt of an Application for an... Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION: Notice of availability of draft environmental assessment, receipt of... Grid (NG), Syracuse, New York, and draft environmental assessment (EA) for public review and comment...

77 FR 36331 - Nineteenth Meeting: RTCA Special Committee 213, Enhanced Flight Vision Systems/Synthetic Vision...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-18

... Document--Draft DO-XXX, Minimum Aviation Performance Standards (MASPS) for an Enhanced Flight Vision System... Discussion (9:00 a.m.-5:00 p.m.) Provide Comment Resolution of Document--Draft DO-XXX, Minimum Aviation.../Approve FRAC Draft for PMC Consideration--Draft DO- XXX, Minimum Aviation Performance Standards (MASPS...

10 CFR 51.72 - Supplement to draft environmental impact statement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Supplement to draft environmental impact statement. 51.72... Implementing Section 102(2) Environmental Impact Statements § 51.72 Supplement to draft environmental impact statement. (a) The NRC staff will prepare a supplement to a draft environmental impact statement for which a...

78 FR 33090 - Re-Opening of the Public Comment Period for the Draft Uranium Leasing Program Programmatic...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-03

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Re-Opening of the Public Comment Period for the Draft Uranium Leasing Program Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement AGENCY: Department of Energy. ACTION: Re-opening of the public... the Draft Uranium Leasing Program Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement (Draft ULP PEIS, DOE/EIS...

Evaluation of the Inhalation Carcinogenicity of Ethylene Oxide (2011 Interagency Science Discussion Draft)

EPA Science Inventory

On September 22, 2006, the draft Evaluation of the Carinogenicity of Ethylene Oxide (EPA/635/R-06/003) and the draft charge to external peer reviewers were released for external peer review and public comment. This draft was reviewed by EPA’s Science Advisory Board (SAB)...

78 FR 65622 - Notice of Availability for the Draft Environmental Impact Statement and Announcement of Public...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-01

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY [OE Docket No. PP-362] Notice of Availability for the Draft Environmental.... SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announces the availability of the ``Draft Environmental... EIS. The Draft EIS evaluates the environmental impacts of DOE's proposed Federal action of issuing a...

78 FR 41057 - Sabine River Authority of Texas and Sabine River Authority, State of Louisiana; Public Meetings...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-09

... the Draft Environmental Impact Statement for the Toledo Bend Hydroelectric Project On May 17, 2013, the Commission issued a Draft Environmental Impact Statement (draft EIS) for the Toledo Bend Hydroelectric Project No 2105-036 (Toledo Bend Project). The draft EIS documents the views of governmental...

75 FR 27705 - Endangered and Threatened Species; Recovery Plans

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-18

... subject line of e-mail comments use the following identifier: Comments on CCC Coho Draft Plan. This...: Comments on CCC Coho Draft Plan. Comments may be submitted via facsimile (fax) to (707) 578-3435. Persons... Request for CCC coho salmon Recovery Draft Plan.'' Electronic copies of the Draft Plan are also available...

7 CFR 1488.13 - CCC drafts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false CCC drafts. 1488.13 Section 1488.13 Agriculture... Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit Sales Program (GSM-5) Bank Obligations and Repayment § 1488.13 CCC drafts. CCC will draw one draft for each payment due under bank obligations. If any...