46. OUTLET WORKS: ELECTRICAL SYSTEM NO. 1. Sheet H1, date ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

46. OUTLET WORKS: ELECTRICAL SYSTEM NO. 1. Sheet H-1, date stamped May, 1939. File no. SA 342/9. - Prado Dam, Outlet Works, Santa Ana River near junction of State Highways 71 & 91, Corona, Riverside County, CA

29. OUTLET WORKS: GENERAL PLAN AND SECTIONS. Sheet A1, date ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

29. OUTLET WORKS: GENERAL PLAN AND SECTIONS. Sheet A-1, date stamped January, 1939. File no. SA 949/80. - Prado Dam, Outlet Works, Santa Ana River near junction of State Highways 71 & 91, Corona, Riverside County, CA

Landforms, sediments and dates to constrain rates and style of marine-influenced ice sheet decay; the BRITICE-CHRONO project.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clark, Chris

2014-05-01

Uncertainty exists regarding the future mass of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets and how they will respond to forcings from sea level, and atmospheric and ocean temperatures. If we want to know more about the mechanisms and rate of change of shrinking ice sheets, then why not examine an ice sheet that has fully disappeared and track its retreat through time? If achieved in enough detail such information on ice retreat could be a data-rich playground for improving the next breed of numerical ice sheet models to be used in ice and sea level forecasting. We regard that the last British-Irish Ice Sheet is a good target for this work, on account of its small size, density of information and with its numerous researchers already investigating it. Geomorphological mapping across the British Isles and the surrounding continental shelf has revealed the nature and distribution of glacial landforms. Here we demonstrate how such data have been used to build a pattern of ice margin retreat. The BRITICE-CHRONO consortium of Quaternary scientists and glaciologists, are now working on a project running from 2012 - 2017 to produce an ice sheet wide database of geochronometric dates to constrain and then understand ice margin retreat. This is being achieved by focusing on 8 transects running from the continental shelf edge to a short distance (10s km) onshore and acquiring marine and terrestrial samples for geochronometric dating. The project includes funding for 587 radiocarbon, 140 OSL and 158 TCN samples for surface exposure dating; with sampling accomplished by two research cruises and 16 fieldwork campaigns. Results will reveal the timing and rate of change of ice margin recession for each transect, and combined with existing landform and dating databases, will be used to build an ice sheet-wide empirical reconstruction of retreat. Simulations using two numerical ice sheet models, fitted against the margin data, will help us understand the nature and significance of sea-level rise and ocean/atmosphere forcing on influencing the rate of retreat and ice sheet demise and the effect that bed topography has in controlling this.

Radiostratigraphy and age structure of the Greenland Ice Sheet

PubMed Central

MacGregor, Joseph A; Fahnestock, Mark A; Catania, Ginny A; Paden, John D; Prasad Gogineni, S; Young, S Keith; Rybarski, Susan C; Mabrey, Alexandria N; Wagman, Benjamin M; Morlighem, Mathieu

2015-01-01

Several decades of ice-penetrating radar surveys of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have observed numerous widespread internal reflections. Analysis of this radiostratigraphy has produced valuable insights into ice sheet dynamics and motivates additional mapping of these reflections. Here we present a comprehensive deep radiostratigraphy of the Greenland Ice Sheet from airborne deep ice-penetrating radar data collected over Greenland by The University of Kansas between 1993 and 2013. To map this radiostratigraphy efficiently, we developed new techniques for predicting reflection slope from the phase recorded by coherent radars. When integrated along track, these slope fields predict the radiostratigraphy and simplify semiautomatic reflection tracing. Core-intersecting reflections were dated using synchronized depth-age relationships for six deep ice cores. Additional reflections were dated by matching reflections between transects and by extending reflection-inferred depth-age relationships using the local effective vertical strain rate. The oldest reflections, dating to the Eemian period, are found mostly in the northern part of the ice sheet. Within the onset regions of several fast-flowing outlet glaciers and ice streams, reflections typically do not conform to the bed topography. Disrupted radiostratigraphy is also observed in a region north of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream that is not presently flowing rapidly. Dated reflections are used to generate a gridded age volume for most of the ice sheet and also to determine the depths of key climate transitions that were not observed directly. This radiostratigraphy provides a new constraint on the dynamics and history of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Key Points Phase information predicts reflection slope and simplifies reflection tracing Reflections can be dated away from ice cores using a simple ice flow model Radiostratigraphy is often disrupted near the onset of fast ice flow PMID:26213664

14 CFR Section 6 - Objective Classification of Balance Sheet Elements

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Objective Classification of Balance Sheet... AIR CARRIERS Balance Sheet Classifications Section 6 Objective Classification of Balance Sheet...) Record here all general and working funds available on demand as of the date of the balance sheet which...

14 CFR Section 6 - Objective Classification of Balance Sheet Elements

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Objective Classification of Balance Sheet... AIR CARRIERS Balance Sheet Classifications Section 6 Objective Classification of Balance Sheet...) Record here all general and working funds available on demand as of the date of the balance sheet which...

78 FR 52802 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration; Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-26

...; Notice of Registration; Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals By Notice dated March 12, 2013, and published in the Federal Register on March 20, 2013, 78 FR 17231, Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals, 6451 Main Street, Morton... 21 U.S.C. 823(a), and determined that the registration of Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals to manufacture...

77 FR 34072 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration; Meda Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-08

... Registration; Meda Pharmaceuticals, Inc. By Notice dated April 2, 2012, and published in the Federal Register on April 12, 2012, 77 FR 21998, Meda Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 705 Eldorado Street, Decatur, Illinois... that the registration of Meda Pharmaceuticals Inc. to import the basic class of controlled substance is...

78 FR 46371 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration; Meda Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-31

... Registration; Meda Pharmaceuticals, Inc. By Notice dated February 8, 2013, and published in the Federal Register on February 21, 2013, 78 FR 12101, Meda Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 705 Eldorado Street, Decatur... 21 U.S.C. 823(a) and 952(a), and determined that the registration of Meda Pharmaceuticals Inc., to...

78 FR 5503 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances, Notice of Registration; Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-25

..., Notice of Registration; Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals By Notice dated September 25, 2012, and published in the Federal Register on October 2, 2012, 77 FR 60144, Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals, 6451 Main Street... the factors in 21 U.S.C. 823(a), and determined that the registration of Morton Grove Pharmaceuticals...

78 FR 12104 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration; INB Hauser Pharmaceutical Services...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-21

...; Notice of Registration; INB Hauser Pharmaceutical Services, Inc. By Notice dated November 1, 2012, and published in the Federal Register on November 9, 2012, 77 FR 67398, InB Hauser Pharmaceutical Services, Inc... Hauser Pharmaceutical Services, Inc., to manufacture the listed basic class of controlled substance is...

77 FR 75672 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances, Notice of Registration, Halo Pharmaceutical, Inc.

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-21

..., Notice of Registration, Halo Pharmaceutical, Inc. By Notice dated July 30, 2012, and published in the Federal Register on August 7, 2012, 77 FR 47114, Halo Pharmaceutical, Inc., 30 North Jefferson Road... 21 U.S.C. 823(a), and determined that the registration of Halo Pharmaceutical, Inc., to manufacture...

BRITICE-CHRONO: Constraining rates and style of marine-influenced ice sheet decay to provide a data-rich playground for ice sheet modellers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clark, Chris

2014-05-01

Uncertainty exists regarding the fate of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets and how they will respond to forcings from sea level and atmospheric and ocean temperatures. If we want to know more about the mechanisms and rate of change of shrinking ice sheets, then why not examine an ice sheet that has fully disappeared and track its retreat through time? If achieved in enough detail such information could become a data-rich playground for improving the next breed of numerical ice sheet models to be used in ice and sea level forecasting. We regard that the last British-Irish Ice Sheet is a good target for this work, on account of its small size, density of information and with its numerous researchers already investigating it. BRITICE-CHRONO is a large (>45 researchers) NERC-funded consortium project comprising Quaternary scientists and glaciologists who will search the seafloor around Britain and Ireland and parts of the landmass in order to find and extract samples of sand, rock and organic matter that can be dated (OSL; Cosmogenic; 14C) to reveal the timing and rate of change of the collapsing British-Irish Ice Sheet. The purpose is to produce a high resolution dataset on the demise on an ice sheet - from the continental shelf edge and across the marine to terrestrial transition. Some 800 new date assessments will be added to those that already exist. This poster reports on the hypotheses that underpin the work. Data on retreat will be collected by focusing on 8 transects running from the continental shelf edge to a short distance (10s km) onshore and acquiring marine and terrestrial samples for geochronometric dating. The project includes funding for 587 radiocarbon, 140 OSL and 158 TCN samples for surface exposure dating; with sampling accomplished by two research cruises and 16 fieldwork campaigns. Results will reveal the timing and rate of change of ice margin recession for each transect, and combined with existing landform and dating databases, will be used to build an ice sheet-wide empirical reconstruction of retreat incorporating Bayesian analysis to assess uncertainty. We invite and encourage ice sheet modellers to use our data for modelling experiments and in particular to explore the role of bed topography in modulating ice retreat.

77 FR 16264 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances, Notice of Registration; Halo Pharmaceutical Inc.

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-20

..., Notice of Registration; Halo Pharmaceutical Inc. By Notice dated December 2, 2011, and published in the Federal Register on December 14, 2011, 76 FR 77850, Halo Pharmaceutical Inc., 30 North Jefferson Road... considered the factors in 21 U.S.C. 823(a) and determined that the registration of Halo Pharmaceutical Inc...

76 FR 59386 - Brass Sheet and Strip From Germany: Preliminary Results of the Third Five-Year (“Sunset”) Review...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-26

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-428-602] Brass Sheet and Strip From... AGENCY: Import Administration, International Trade Administration, Department of Commerce. DATES: Effective Date: September 26, 2011. SUMMARY: On March 1, 2011, the Department of Commerce (``the Department...

43. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated October 1927, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

43. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated October 1927, in the possession of Facilities Planning Office, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. GROUND FLOOR PLAN, REFRIGERATION LAYOUT AND DETAILS; SHEET R-1 OF 1 SHEET - Dairy Industry Building, Iowa State University campus, Ames, Story County, IA

47 CFR 32.4130 - Other current liabilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.4130... separately the amount and nature of the items accrued to the date of the balance sheet. (e) Matured rents... indebtedness of the company, dividends on capital stock, and rents accrued to the date for which the balance...

75 FR 45144 - Recovery Fact Sheet 9580.203, Debris Monitoring

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-02

...] Recovery Fact Sheet 9580.203, Debris Monitoring AGENCY: Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS. ACTION... accepting comments on Recovery Fact Sheet 9580.203, Debris Monitoring. DATES: Comments must be received by... guidelines. Specifically, the fact sheet provides information on debris monitoring roles and responsibilities...

78 FR 52759 - Brass Sheet and Strip from Germany: Rescission of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review; 2012-2013

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-26

... Germany: Rescission of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review; 2012-2013 AGENCY: Import Administration... from Germany for the period March 1, 2012, through February 28, 2013. DATES: Effective Date: August 26... 1, 2013, the Department initiated an administrative review of brass sheet and strip from Germany...

75 FR 1764 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-13

...: Rockies Express Pipeline LLC submits Original Sheet No. 11C to FERC Gas Tariff, Second Revised Volume No...: Southern LNG, Inc submits for filing Third Revised Sheet 1 et al. to FERC Gas Tariff, Original Volume 1 to... Gas Tariff, Original Volume 1. Filed Date: 12/30/2009. Accession Number: 20091230-0049. Comment Date...

77 FR 4762 - Brass Sheet and Strip From Germany: Final Results of the Full Third Five-Year (“Sunset”) Review...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-31

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-428-602] Brass Sheet and Strip From... AGENCY: Import Administration, International Trade Administration, Department of Commerce. DATES: Effective Date: January 31, 2012. SUMMARY: On March 1, 2011, the Department of Commerce (``the Department...

78 FR 9669 - Brass Sheet and Strip From Japan: Rescission of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review; 2011-2012

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-11

... Japan: Rescission of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review; 2011-2012 AGENCY: Import Administration... from Japan for the period August 1, 2011, through July 31, 2012. DATES: Effective Date: February 11... initiated an administrative review of the antidumping duty order on brass sheet and strip from Japan...

75 FR 70205 - Certain Coated Paper Suitable for High-Quality Print Graphics Using Sheet-Fed Presses From...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-17

... Suitable for High-Quality Print Graphics Using Sheet-Fed Presses From Indonesia: Antidumping Duty Order... Indonesia. DATES: Effective Date: November 17, 2010. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Gemal Brangman or... duty investigation of certain coated paper from Indonesia. See Certain Coated Paper Suitable for High...

75 FR 55340 - Recovery Fact Sheet 9580.100, Mold Remediation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-10

...] Recovery Fact Sheet 9580.100, Mold Remediation AGENCY: Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS. ACTION... accepting comments on Recovery Fact Sheet RP9580.100, Mold Remediation. DATES: Comments must be received by... 20472-3100. II. Background The Recovery Fact Sheet RP9580.100, Mold Remediation, identifies the expenses...

78 FR 15975 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances, Notice of Registration; Johnson Matthey, Inc...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-13

..., Notice of Registration; Johnson Matthey, Inc., Pharmaceuticals Materials By Notice dated November 1, 2012...., Pharmaceuticals Materials, 900 River Road, Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428, made application by renewal to the...., Pharmaceuticals Materials to manufacture the listed basic classes of controlled substances is consistent with the...

Functionalized Graphene Sheets As Immobilization Matrix for Fenugreek β-Amylase: Enzyme Kinetics and Stability Studies

PubMed Central

Srivastava, Garima; Singh, Kritika; Talat, Mahe; Srivastava, Onkar Nath; Kayastha, Arvind M.

2014-01-01

β-Amylase finds application in food and pharmaceutical industries. Functionalized graphene sheets were customised as a matrix for covalent immobilization of Fenugreek β-amylase using glutaraldehyde as a cross-linker. The factors affecting the process were optimized using Response Surface Methodology based Box-Behnken design of experiment which resulted in 84% immobilization efficiency. Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy (SEM, TEM) and Fourier Tansform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were employed for the purpose of characterization of attachment of enzyme on the graphene. The enzyme kinetic studies were carried out for obtaining best catalytic performance and enhanced reusability. Optimum temperature remained unchanged, whereas optimum pH showed shift towards acidic range for immobilized enzyme. Increase in thermal stability of immobilized enzyme and non-toxic nature of functionalized graphene can be exploited for production of maltose in food and pharmaceutical industries. PMID:25412079

Intercalation of paracetamol into the hydrotalcite-like host

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kovanda, Frantisek, E-mail: Frantisek.Kovanda@vscht.cz; Maryskova, Zuzana; Kovar, Petr

2011-12-15

Hydrotalcite-like compounds are often used as host structures for intercalation of various anionic species. The product intercalated with the nonionic, water-soluble pharmaceuticals paracetamol, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide, was prepared by rehydration of the Mg-Al mixed oxide obtained by calcination of hydrotalcite-like precursor at 500 Degree-Sign C. The successful intercalation of paracetamol molecules into the interlayer space was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy measurements. Molecular simulations showed that the phenolic hydroxyl groups of paracetamol interact with hydroxide sheets of the host via the hydroxyl groups of the positively charged sites of Al-containing octahedra; the interlayer water molecules are located mostly nearmore » the hydroxide sheets. The arrangement of paracetamol molecules in the interlayer is rather disordered and interactions between neighboring molecules cause their tilting towards the hydroxide sheets. Dissolution tests in various media showed slower release of paracetamol intercalated in the hydrotalcite-like host in comparison with tablets containing the powdered pharmaceuticals. - Graphical abstract: Molecular simulations showed disordered arrangement of paracetamol molecules in the interlayer; most of the interlayer water molecules are located near the hydroxide sheets. Black-Small-Square Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Paracetamol was intercalated in Mg-Al hydrotalcite-like host by rehydration/reconstruction procedure. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Paracetamol phenolic groups interact with positively charged sites in hydroxide sheets. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Molecular simulations showed disordered arrangement of guest molecules in the interlayer. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Slower release of paracetamol intercalated in the hydrotalcite-like host was observed.« less

Improving discharge planning communication between hospitals and patients.

PubMed

New, P W; McDougall, K E; Scroggie, C P R

2016-01-01

A potential barrier to patient discharge from hospital is communication problems between the treating team and the patient or family regarding discharge planning. To determine if a bedside 'Leaving Hospital Information Sheet' increases patient and family's knowledge of discharge date and destination and the name of the key clinician primarily responsible for team-patient communication. This article is a 'before-after' study of patients, their families and the interdisciplinary ward-based clinical team. Outcomes assessed pre-implementation and post-implementation of a bedside 'Leaving Hospital Information Sheet' containing discharge information for patients and families. Patients and families were asked if they knew the key clinician for team-patient communication and the proposed discharge date and discharge destination. Responses were compared with those set by the team. Staff were surveyed regarding their perceptions of patient awareness of discharge plans and the benefit of the 'Leaving Hospital Information Sheet'. Significant improvement occurred regarding patients' knowledge of their key clinician for team-patient communication (31% vs 75%; P = 0.0001), correctly identifying who they were (47% vs 79%; P = 0.02), and correctly reporting their anticipated discharge date (54% vs 86%; P = 0.004). There was significant improvement in the family's knowledge of the anticipated discharge date (78% vs 96%; P = 0.04). Staff reported the 'Leaving Hospital Information Sheet' assisted with communication regarding anticipated discharge date and destination (very helpful n = 11, 39%; a little bit helpful n = 11, 39%). A bedside 'Leaving Hospital Information Sheet' can potentially improve communication between patients, families and their treating team. © 2016 Royal Australasian College of Physicians.

5. Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated February 6, 1942, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated February 6, 1942, War Department Office of the Chief of Engineers, Construction Division in possession of Selfridge Base Museum, Mt. Clemens, Michigan. PLAN, ELEVATION, SECTION, SHEET 203 SHEETS, DRAWING NO. 148/4-2, SF 1/141. - Selfridge Field, Building No. 3899, East of Taxiway A, west of Ammo Road, Mount Clemens, Macomb County, MI

[Production of autologous keratinocytes for therapeutic purposes within a pharmaceutical company].

PubMed

Guillot, F L

2001-01-01

Because biotechnologies are growing and are becoming key players in the pharmaceutical industry scene, Genévrier Laboratories inaugurated in January 1998, a new department especially designed for the production of cultured cells as therapeutic agents. Meeting clinician therapeutic needs by providing autologous keratinocytes and chondrocytes in the near future, represents the primary aim of the Biotechnology department. Concrete cell-based products are already being used for the treatment of burns and cutaneous chronic wounds such as the EPIBASE graft, which corresponds to an epidermis sheet composed of cultured autologous keratinocytes.

6. Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated August 28, 1942, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated August 28, 1942, War Department Office of the Chief of Engineers, Construction Division, in possession of Selfridge Base Museum, Mt. Clemens, Michigan. TYPE TAR-8-A, PLAN OF APRONS AND TAXIWAYS, SHEET 1 OF 3 SHEETS, DRAWING NO. 148/4-1, SF 1/141. - Selfridge Field, Building No. 3899, East of Taxiway A, west of Ammo Road, Mount Clemens, Macomb County, MI

75 FR 2929 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 13614-NR

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-19

... comments concerning Form 13614-NR, Nonresident Alien Intake and Interview Sheet. DATES: Written [email protected] . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Nonresident Alien Intake and Interview Sheet. OMB...

77 FR 64186 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 13614

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-18

... 13614, Interview and Intake Sheet. DATES: Written comments should be received on or before December 17... INFORMATION: Title: Interview and Intake Sheet. OMB Number: 1545-1964. Form Number: Form 13614-C and 13614-C... questions to guide volunteers in asking taxpayers basic questions about themselves. The intake sheet is an...

Do market components account for higher US prescription prices?

PubMed

Monaghan, M J; Monaghan, M S

1996-12-01

Although only 7-8% of US healthcare expenditures are spent on prescription drug products, the pharmaceutical industry's profitability and high cost of prescriptions to consumers make prescription drugs a visible target for reform. When compared with other products, it appears as if unfair pricing tactics are used. The pharmaceutical industry cites costs of research and development and a short patent life as justifiable grounds for high prices, but the reason why US drug prices appear to be so high has yet to be answered. To examine identified components of the pharmaceutical industry that allow US prescription drugs to appear to be highly priced and to review the apparent factors that affect pricing policies for pharmaceuticals. The literature was reviewed to identify current research regarding the pharmaceutical market. Sources included MEDLINE, Econolit, Business Periodical Index, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, the Wall Street Journal, New York Times, and the F-D-C Pink Sheet. Key factors account for the fact that US prescription drug prices are higher and that price discrimination occurs in the pharmaceutical industry within the US and among other countries. These factors include the unique market structure of the pharmaceutical industry, asymmetry of information, research and development costs, numerous channels of distribution and the differences among them, and government laws and regulations of prescription drugs. Pricing policies of pharmaceutical companies are based on manufacturing, promotion, and distribution costs; drug characteristics; and economic goals of the parent company.

Luminescence dating of paleolake deltas and glacial deposits in Garwood Valley, Antarctica: Implications for climate, Ross ice sheet dynamics, and paleolake duration

USGS Publications Warehouse

Levy, Joseph S.; Rittenour, Tammy M.; Fountain, Andrew G.; O'Connor, Jim E.

2017-01-01

The formation of perched deltas and other lacustrine deposits in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica is widely considered to be evidence of valley-filling lakes dammed by the grounded Ross Sea ice sheet during the local Last Glacial Maximum, with lake drainage interpreted as a record of grounding line retreat. We used luminescence dating to determine the age of paleolake deltas and glacial tills in Garwood Valley, a coastal dry valley that opens to the Ross Sea. Luminescence ages are stratigraphically consistent with radiocarbon results from algal mats within the same delta deposits but suggest radiocarbon dates from lacustrine carbonates may overestimate deposit ages by thousands of years. Results suggest that late Holocene delta deposition into paleolake Howard in Garwood Valley persisted until ca. 3.5 ka. This is significantly younger than the date when grounded ice is thought to have retreated from the Ross Sea. Our evidence suggests that the local, stranded ice-cored till topography in Garwood Valley, rather than regional ice-sheet dynamics, may have controlled lake levels for some McMurdo Dry Valleys paleolakes. Age control from the supraglacial Ross Sea drift suggests grounding and up-valley advance of the Ross Sea ice sheet into Garwood valley during marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 4 (71–78 ka) and the local Last Glacial Maximum (9–10 ka). This work demonstrates the power of combining luminescence dating with existing radiocarbon data sets to improve understanding of the relationships among paleolake formation, glacial position, and stream discharge in response to climate change.

22. TRANSMISSION MAIN, PLAN AND PROFILE, INDEX SHEET. Leeds, Hill, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

22. TRANSMISSION MAIN, PLAN AND PROFILE, INDEX SHEET. Leeds, Hill, Barnard & Jewett drawing, no date, no number. - Salinas River Project, Cuesta Tunnel, Southeast of U.S. 101, San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo County, CA

Radiocarbon chronology of the last deglaciation in the Baffin Bay reveals asynchronous melting of Arctic and Laurentide ice sheets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jackson, Rebecca; Kucera, Michal; Vogt, Christoph; Wacker, Lukas

2016-04-01

The transition from the last ice age into the Holocene interglacial was characterised by rapid retreat of North American ice sheets, discharging large quantities of meltwater into the Labrador Sea. Whereas the meltwater chronology of the Laurentide Ice Sheet is well documented, the deglacial history of the American Arctic ice sheets (Inuit Ice sheet and northern Greenland Ice Sheet) draining into the Labrador Sea via the Baffin Bay is less well constrained. Here we present the first high-resolution radiocarbon-dated deglacial records from the Canadian and Greenland margins of the central Baffin Bay. Sedimentological and geochemical data confirm the presence during Termination I of two events of enhanced delivery of detrital carbonate (Baffin Bay Detrital Carbonate Events) dated to 14.2-13.7 ka BP and 12.7-11 ka BP. The events are synchronous across the Baffin Bay and their mineralogical signature indicates a common source of detrital carbonate from the Canadian Arctic, with a synchronous clastic source proximal to Greenland. The events postdate Heinrich layers and their onset is not linked to Greenland temperature change. This indicates that the deglaciation of American Arctic ice sheets and associated meltwater discharge were decoupled from the dominant North Atlantic climate mode.

75 FR 69585 - New Animal Drugs; Change of Sponsor; Sulfadiazine and Pyrimethamine Suspension

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-15

... pyrimethamine oral suspension from Animal Health Pharmaceuticals, LLC, to Pegasus Laboratories, Inc. DATES: This... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration 21 CFR Parts 510 and 520...-8300, e-mail: [email protected] . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Animal Health Pharmaceuticals, LLC...

Final Laurentide ice-sheet deglaciation and Holocene climate-sea level change

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ullman, David J.; Carlson, Anders E.; Hostetler, Steven W.; Clark, Peter U.; Cuzzone, Joshua; Milne, Glenn A.; Winsor, Kelsey; Caffee, Marc A.

2016-01-01

Despite elevated summer insolation forcing during the early Holocene, global ice sheets retained nearly half of their volume from the Last Glacial Maximum, as indicated by deglacial records of global mean sea level (GMSL). Partitioning the GMSL rise among potential sources requires accurate dating of ice-sheet extent to estimate ice-sheet volume. Here, we date the final retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet with 10Be surface exposure ages for the Labrador Dome, the largest of the remnant Laurentide ice domes during the Holocene. We show that the Labrador Dome deposited moraines during North Atlantic cold events at ∼10.3 ka, 9.3 ka and 8.2 ka, suggesting that these regional climate events helped stabilize the retreating Labrador Dome in the early Holocene. After Hudson Bay became seasonally ice free at ∼8.2 ka, the majority of Laurentide ice-sheet melted abruptly within a few centuries. We demonstrate through high-resolution regional climate model simulations that the thermal properties of a seasonally ice-free Hudson Bay would have increased Laurentide ice-sheet ablation and thus contributed to the subsequent rapid Labrador Dome retreat. Finally, our new 10Be chronology indicates full Laurentide ice-sheet had completely deglaciated by 6.7 ± 0.4 ka, which re quires that Antarctic ice sheets contributed 3.6–6.5 m to GMSL rise since 6.3–7.1 ka.

15 CFR Appendix 2 to Part 960 - Fact Sheet Regarding the Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Licensing of Private Remote...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Fact Sheet Regarding the Memorandum of... to Part 960—Fact Sheet Regarding the Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Licensing of Private Remote Sensing Satellite Systems Dated February 2, 2000 The White House, Office of Science and Technology...

15 CFR Appendix 2 to Part 960 - Fact Sheet Regarding the Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Licensing of Private Remote...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Fact Sheet Regarding the Memorandum of... to Part 960—Fact Sheet Regarding the Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Licensing of Private Remote Sensing Satellite Systems Dated February 2, 2000 The White House, Office of Science and Technology...

15 CFR Appendix 2 to Part 960 - Fact Sheet Regarding the Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Licensing of Private Remote...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Fact Sheet Regarding the Memorandum of... to Part 960—Fact Sheet Regarding the Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Licensing of Private Remote Sensing Satellite Systems Dated February 2, 2000 The White House, Office of Science and Technology...

15 CFR Appendix 2 to Part 960 - Fact Sheet Regarding the Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Licensing of Private Remote...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Fact Sheet Regarding the Memorandum of... to Part 960—Fact Sheet Regarding the Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Licensing of Private Remote Sensing Satellite Systems Dated February 2, 2000 The White House, Office of Science and Technology...

15 CFR Appendix 2 to Part 960 - Fact Sheet Regarding the Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Licensing of Private Remote...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Fact Sheet Regarding the Memorandum of... to Part 960—Fact Sheet Regarding the Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Licensing of Private Remote Sensing Satellite Systems Dated February 2, 2000 The White House, Office of Science and Technology...

Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC Annual Progress Report FY-89. Volume 2. Part 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-01-02

recurrent head and neck cancer who meet the eligibility requirements and consent to the protocol will have central venous catheter placed (if one is...DATE: 06/29/89 WORK UNIT # 6220 DETAIL SUMMARY SHEET TITLE: Epidemiology of HIV In Pediatric and Perinatal Patients - A Natural History Study...of HIV in clinical samples. 16 I I REPORT DATE: 04/04/89 WORK UNIT # 8804 DETAIL SUMMARY SHEET TITLE: The Natural History of HIV Infection and Disease

High-perveance W-band Sheet-beam Electron Gun Design

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-04-01

APR 2008 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED 00-00-2008 to 00-00-2008 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE High -perveance W- band Sheet-beam Electron Gun Design 5a...8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 10.1: High -perveance W- band Sheet-beam Electron Gun Design Khanh T. Nguyen1, John Pasour, Edward L. Wright1...effects due to cathode temperature are also included in the simulation. Keywords: Sheet beam; W- band ; electron gun; high perveance; amplifiers

Nonlinear breakup of liquid sheets

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jazayeri, S.A.; Li, X.

1997-07-01

Sprays formed from the disintegration of liquid sheets have extensive practical applications, ranging from chemical and pharmaceutical processes to power generation and propulsion systems. A knowledge of the liquid sheet breakup process is essential to the understanding of fundamental mechanism of liquid atomization and spray formation processes. The breakup of liquid sheets has been investigated in terms of hydrodynamic stability via linear analysis by Squire, Hagerty and Shea, Li, etc. nonlinear effect has been studied by Clark and Dombrowski up to the second order, and by Rangel and Sirignano through numerical simulation employing vortex discretization method. As shown by Taubmore » for the breakup of circular liquid jets, the closer to the breakup region, the higher the order of nonlinear analysis has to be for adequate description of the breakup behavior. As pointed out by Bogy, a nonlinear analysis up to the third order is generally sufficient to account for the inherent nonlinear nature of the breakup process. Therefore, a third-order nonlinear analysis has been carried out in this study to investigate the process of liquid sheet disruption preceding the spray formation.« less

Fact Sheet: Alternative Low-Sulfur Diesel Fuel Transition Program for Alaska

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This fact sheet summarizes EPA's final rule modifying the diesel fuel regulations to apply an effective date of 6-1-2010 for 15 ppm sulfur requirements for highway, nonroad, locomotive and marine diesel fuel produced/imported for, distributed

Ovation Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

PubMed

Deutsch, Barry

2002-11-01

Ovation Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is a privately held specialty pharmaceutical company that focuses on products in central nervous system (CNS) disorders, oncology and other therapeutic areas where a small number of specialized physicians treat patients. Ovation serves unmet medical needs by acquiring underpromoted branded pharmaceutical products and promising late-stage development products no longer being actively promoted or developed by larger companies. Ovation supports acquired products through active sales and marketing activities and a clinical development program focused on new formulations, new indications and other product improvements. In April 2002, Ovation received a US$150 million commitment in private equity financing, believed to be the largest private equity investment received to date by an early-stage specialty pharmaceutical firm. Ovation used a portion of those funds to purchase its first two products from a major pharmaceutical company in August 2002.

Sense and readability: participant information sheets for research studies.

PubMed

Ennis, Liam; Wykes, Til

2016-02-01

Informed consent in research is partly achieved through the use of information sheets. There is a perception however that these information sheets are long and complex. The recommended reading level for patient information is grade 6, or 11-12 years old. To investigate whether the readability of participant information sheets has changed over time, whether particular study characteristics are related to poorer readability and whether readability and other study characteristics are related to successful study recruitment. Method: We obtained 522 information sheets from the UK National Institute for Health Research Clinical Research Network: Mental Health portfolio database and study principal investigators. Readability was assessed with the Flesch reading index and the Grade level test. Information sheets increased in length over the study period. The mean grade level across all information sheets was 9.8, or 15-16 years old. A high level of patient involvement was associated with more recruitment success and studies involving pharmaceutical or device interventions were the least successful. The complexity of information sheets had little bearing on successful recruitment. Information sheets are far more complex than the recommended reading level of grade 6 for patient information. The disparity may be exacerbated by an increasing focus on legal content. Researchers would benefit from clear guidance from ethics committees on writing succinctly and accessibly and how to balance the competing legal issues with the ability of participants to understand what a study entails. © The Royal College of Psychiatrists 2016.

Sense and readability: participant information sheets for research studies

PubMed Central

Ennis, Liam; Wykes, Til

2016-01-01

Background Informed consent in research is partly achieved through the use of information sheets. There is a perception however that these information sheets are long and complex. The recommended reading level for patient information is grade 6, or 11–12 years old. Aims To investigate whether the readability of participant information sheets has changed over time, whether particular study characteristics are related to poorer readability and whether readability and other study characteristics are related to successful study recruitment. Method We obtained 522 information sheets from the UK National Institute for Health Research Clinical Research Network: Mental Health portfolio database and study principal investigators. Readability was assessed with the Flesch reading index and the Grade level test. Results Information sheets increased in length over the study period. The mean grade level across all information sheets was 9.8, or 15–16 years old. A high level of patient involvement was associated with more recruitment success and studies involving pharmaceutical or device interventions were the least successful. The complexity of information sheets had little bearing on successful recruitment. Conclusions Information sheets are far more complex than the recommended reading level of grade 6 for patient information. The disparity may be exacerbated by an increasing focus on legal content. Researchers would benefit from clear guidance from ethics committees on writing succinctly and accessibly and how to balance the competing legal issues with the ability of participants to understand what a study entails. PMID:26382948

Advanced Development Waste Processing Unit for Combat Vehicles. Phase 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-12-29

Johns Manville Manufacturers # : 5346474 Type: Cera Blanket Size: 6 lb., I" thick Amount Used: 24" x 48" total TIME RPM TI O T 2 F T ,F T 4, Tbient F 1200...WPUBMO01 DATA SHEET DSO01-4 Date:NOV 2 5 186 i~ L , Candidate Insulation: Manufacturer: Johns Manville Manufacturer’s # : 5346474. Type: Cera Blanket Size...SHEET DS001-5 Date: EC 0 3 186 Candidate Insulation: Manufacturer: Johns Manville Manufacturerls # : 5346474 Type: Cera Blanket (F Size: 6 lb., 1

7 CFR 35.8 - Date of export.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE COMMODITY STANDARDS AND STANDARD CONTAINER REGULATIONS EXPORT GRAPES... exporting carrier on which movement of the grapes from the United States is effected. The date of the on board bill of lading (or loading tally sheet) shall be considered to be the date the grapes were loaded...

7 CFR 1437.7 - Records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... be provided no later than the acreage reporting date for the crop in the subsequent crop year... to calculate an approved yield for the current crop year must be certified by the producer no later...: (1) Commercial receipts, settlement sheets, warehouse ledger sheets, or load summaries if the...

7 CFR 1437.7 - Records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... be provided no later than the acreage reporting date for the crop in the subsequent crop year... to calculate an approved yield for the current crop year must be certified by the producer no later...: (1) Commercial receipts, settlement sheets, warehouse ledger sheets, or load summaries if the...

7 CFR 1437.7 - Records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... be provided no later than the acreage reporting date for the crop in the subsequent crop year... to calculate an approved yield for the current crop year must be certified by the producer no later...: (1) Commercial receipts, settlement sheets, warehouse ledger sheets, or load summaries if the...

7 CFR 1437.7 - Records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... be provided no later than the acreage reporting date for the crop in the subsequent crop year... to calculate an approved yield for the current crop year must be certified by the producer no later...: (1) Commercial receipts, settlement sheets, warehouse ledger sheets, or load summaries if the...

7 CFR 1437.7 - Records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... be provided no later than the acreage reporting date for the crop in the subsequent crop year... to calculate an approved yield for the current crop year must be certified by the producer no later...: (1) Commercial receipts, settlement sheets, warehouse ledger sheets, or load summaries if the...

[Not Available].

PubMed

Medina, Yves

2015-01-01

To date, work on health democracy has never dealt with relationships between patient associations and the pharmaceutical industry. The emergence of a genuine health citizenship depends, however, to a great extent on the quality of such a relationship. This communication, which is based on a survey of 1742 patient associations and 270 French-pharmaceutical companies, conducted by BVA upon request of the Ethics Commitee of the French association of pharmaceutical companies (CODEEM) highlights the significance of the ethical issues. Beyond the financial issue, the relationship between patient associations and pharmaceutical companies raises the issue of associations governance, and reveals the limits of "association expertise" but also a high expectations for effective partnerships.

Interhemispheric ice-sheet synchronicity during the last glacial maximum

USGS Publications Warehouse

Weber, Michael E.; Clark, Peter U.; Ricken, Werner; Mitrovica, Jerry X.; Hostetler, Steven W.; Kuhn, Gerhard

2011-01-01

The timing of the last maximum extent of the Antarctic ice sheets relative to those in the Northern Hemisphere remains poorly understood. We develop a chronology for the Weddell Sea sector of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet that, combined with ages from other Antarctic ice-sheet sectors, indicates that the advance to and retreat from their maximum extent was within dating uncertainties synchronous with most sectors of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. Surface climate forcing of Antarctic mass balance would probably cause an opposite response, whereby a warming climate would increase accumulation but not surface melting. Our new data support teleconnections involving sea-level forcing from Northern Hemisphere ice sheets and changes in North Atlantic deep-water formation and attendant heat flux to Antarctic grounding lines to synchronize the hemispheric ice sheets.

Interhemispheric ice-sheet synchronicity during the Last Glacial Maximum.

PubMed

Weber, Michael E; Clark, Peter U; Ricken, Werner; Mitrovica, Jerry X; Hostetler, Steven W; Kuhn, Gerhard

2011-12-02

The timing of the last maximum extent of the Antarctic ice sheets relative to those in the Northern Hemisphere remains poorly understood. We develop a chronology for the Weddell Sea sector of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet that, combined with ages from other Antarctic ice-sheet sectors, indicates that the advance to and retreat from their maximum extent was within dating uncertainties synchronous with most sectors of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. Surface climate forcing of Antarctic mass balance would probably cause an opposite response, whereby a warming climate would increase accumulation but not surface melting. Our new data support teleconnections involving sea-level forcing from Northern Hemisphere ice sheets and changes in North Atlantic deep-water formation and attendant heat flux to Antarctic grounding lines to synchronize the hemispheric ice sheets.

Marine evidence of a deconvolving Antarctic Ice Sheet during post-LGM retreat of the Ross Sea sector

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prothro, L. O.; Yokoyama, Y.; Simkins, L. M.; Anderson, J. B.; Majewski, W.; Yamane, M.; Ohkouchi, N.

2017-12-01

Predictive models of ice sheet and sea level change are dependent on observational data of ice-sheet behavior for model testing and tuning. The geologic record contains a wealth of information about ice-sheet dynamics, with fewer logistical, spatial, and temporal limitations than are involved in data acquisition along contemporary ice margins. However, past ice-sheet behavior is still largely uncertain or contested due to issues with obtaining meaningful radiocarbon dates. We minimize bias from glacially-reworked carbon and limitations from unknown geomorphic context and uncertainty in sediment facies identification by using careful sedimentary analyses within a geomorphic framework, as well as selection of appropriate dating methods. Our study area, the Ross Sea sector of Antarctica, is the primary drainage outlet for 25% of the continent's grounded ice. During the Last Glacial Maximum, the low-profile, marine-based West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) and the steeper profile, largely land-based East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) converged in the Ross Sea to flow out to or near the continental shelf edge. Geomorphic and sedimentary data reveal that during their subsequent retreat to form the Ross Sea Embayment, the two ice sheets behaved differently, with the WAIS rapidly retreating tens of kilometers followed by extended pauses, while the EAIS retreated steadily, with shorter (decadal- to century-long) pauses. This behavior leads us to believe that the two ice sheets may have contributed diachronously to sea level. By acquiring accurate timing of grounding line retreat, we are able to calculate volumes of ice lost throughout deglaciation, as well as associated sea level contributions. In addition, we attempt to rectify the contradicting marine and terrestrial interpretations of retreat patterns from the Ross Sea continental shelf.

Teen Dating Violence Prevention Program Assessment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lucas, Quincy Arrianna Rose

2013-01-01

The American Psychological Association (APA) has identified the prevention of and intervention in relationship violence as a top priority (APA, n.d.). According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's 2012 Teen Dating Violence Fact Sheet, dating violence is a serious problem in the United States. In accordance with Foshee et al. (1998):…

21 CFR 211.137 - Expiration dating.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 4 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Expiration dating. 211.137 Section 211.137 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) DRUGS: GENERAL CURRENT GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE FOR FINISHED PHARMACEUTICALS Packaging and Labeling Control...

21 CFR 211.137 - Expiration dating.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 4 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Expiration dating. 211.137 Section 211.137 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) DRUGS: GENERAL CURRENT GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE FOR FINISHED PHARMACEUTICALS Packaging and Labeling Control...

21 CFR 211.137 - Expiration dating.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 4 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Expiration dating. 211.137 Section 211.137 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) DRUGS: GENERAL CURRENT GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE FOR FINISHED PHARMACEUTICALS Packaging and Labeling Control...

21 CFR 211.137 - Expiration dating.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 4 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Expiration dating. 211.137 Section 211.137 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) DRUGS: GENERAL CURRENT GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE FOR FINISHED PHARMACEUTICALS Packaging and Labeling Control...

75 FR 5308 - Combined Notice of Filings No. 2

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-02

... 19, 2010. Take notice that the Commission has received the following Natural Gas Pipeline Rate and...: Viking Gas Transmission Company submits Substitute Seventeenth Revised Sheet No 87. Filed Date: 01/15... Pipeline, LP submits Eleventh Revised Sheet No. 20 et al. to FERC Gas Tariff, Original Volume No. 1. Filed...

LOFT. Containment and service building (TAN650). Room number schedule, sheet ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

LOFT. Containment and service building (TAN-650). Room number schedule, sheet 2 of 2. Kaiser engineers 6413-11-STEP/LOFT-650-A-XX. Date: October 1969. INEEL index code no. 036-650-00-486-122228 - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Test Area North, Scoville, Butte County, ID

15. STRESS SHEET. American Bridge Company, New York Office, 30 ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

15. STRESS SHEET. American Bridge Company, New York Office, 30 Church Street, sheet no. C516, dated March 12, 1928, approved March 16, 1928, order no. F5073. For U.S. Steel Products Company, Pacific Coast Depot. For Southern Pacific Company, Pacific Lines, 1st crossing, Napa River, near Napa, Western Division, customer's order no. 8873-P-28746. Various scales. - Napa River Railroad Bridge, Spanning Napa River, east of Soscol Avenue, Napa, Napa County, CA

Intensive Survey at 11-Jd-126, Jo Daviess County, Illinois. Volume 3. Data Sheets.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-07-01

RECORDER: P. Lurenz, Jr. H NOWO DATE:_ _____ V__Level 2 FEATURE______ DATE: 9/82 COLL#_______ 1 23 45 678919 0111 2 13 Total Sherds Rim temper1 Grt Rim...thickness in millimeters LITHIC INVENTORY - 347 - SITE# 11Jd126 LOT# 80 RECORDER: P. Lurenz, Jr. H_______________ DATE: November, 1982 V_______ FEATURE

Dating glacimarine sediments from the continental shelf in the Amundsen Sea using a multi-tool box: Implications for West Antarctic ice-sheet extent and retreat during the last glacial cycle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hillenbrand, C. D.; Smith, J.; Klages, J. P.; Kuhn, G.; Maher, B.; Moreton, S.; Wacker, L.; Frederichs, T.; Wiers, S.; Jernas, P.; Anderson, J. B.; Ehrmann, W. U.; Graham, A. G. C.; Gohl, K.; Larter, R. D.

2016-02-01

Satellite data and in-situ measurements show that today considerable mass loss is occurring from the Amundsen Sea sector of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS). The observational record only spans the past four decades, and until recently the long-term context of the current deglaciation was poorly constrained. This information is, however, crucial for understanding WAIS dynamics, evaluating the role of forcing mechanisms for ice-sheet melting, and testing and calibrating ice-sheet models that attempt to predict future WAIS behavior and its impact on global sea level. Over the past decade several multinational marine expeditions and terrestrial fieldwork campaigns have targeted the Amundsen Sea shelf and its hinterland to reconstruct the WAIS configuration during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and its subsequent deglacial history. The resulting studies succeeded in shedding light on the maximum WAIS extent at the LGM and the style, pattern and speed of its retreat and thinning thereafter. Despite this progress, however, significant uncertainties and discrepancies between marine and terrestrial reconstructions remain, which may arise from difficulties in dating sediment cores from the Antarctic shelf, especially their deglacial sections. Resolving these issues is crucial for understanding the WAIS' contribution to post-LGM sea-level rise, its sensitivity to different forcing mechanisms and its future evolution. Here we present chronological constraints on WAIS advance in the Amundsen Sea and its retreat from 20 ka BP into the Holocene that were obtained by various techniques, such as 14C dating of large ( 10 mg) and small (<<1 mg) sample aliquots of calcareous microfossils, 14C dating of acid-insoluble organic matter combusted at low (300 °C) and high (800 °C) temperatures and dating of sediment cores by using geomagnetic paleointensity. We will compare the different age constraints and discuss their reliability, applicability and implications for WAIS history.

76 FR 50456 - Notice of Final Results of Antidumping Duty Changed Circumstances Review: Polyethylene...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-15

... Antidumping Duty Changed Circumstances Review: Polyethylene Terephthalate Film, Sheet, and Strip From the... Saehan with regard to the antidumping duty order on polyethylene terephthalate film, sheet, and strip (PET film) from Korea, effective as of the date of publication of this notice in the Federal Register...

Publications - RI 2000-1C | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Science.gov Websites

Sagavanirktok B-1 Quadrangle, eastern North Slope, Alaska Authors: Pinney, D.S. Publication Date: 2000 Publisher Bibliographic Reference Pinney, D.S., 2000, Reconnaissance surficial-geologic map of the Sagavanirktok B-1 Sheets Sheet 1 Reconnaissance surficial-geologic map of the Sagavanirktok B-1 Quadrangle, eastern North

49 CFR 180.215 - Reporting and record retention requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., as well as unsuccessful tests. The entry for a second test after a failure to hold test pressure must..., pressure test, and ultrasonic examination if permitted under a special permit, as applicable, must be... each test sheet, provided each test on the sheet was conducted on that date. Ditto marks or a solid...

17 CFR 210.8-05 - Pro forma financial information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

..., and should include the following: (1) If the transaction was consummated during the most recent fiscal... transaction has occurred or is probable after the date of the most recent balance sheet required by § 210.8-02... recent balance sheet. For a purchase, pro forma statements of income reflecting the combined operations...

17 CFR 210.8-05 - Pro forma financial information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

..., and should include the following: (1) If the transaction was consummated during the most recent fiscal... transaction has occurred or is probable after the date of the most recent balance sheet required by § 210.8-02... recent balance sheet. For a purchase, pro forma statements of income reflecting the combined operations...

17 CFR 210.8-05 - Pro forma financial information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

..., and should include the following: (1) If the transaction was consummated during the most recent fiscal... transaction has occurred or is probable after the date of the most recent balance sheet required by § 210.8-02... recent balance sheet. For a purchase, pro forma statements of income reflecting the combined operations...

78 FR 24281 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Designation of a Longer...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-24

... Pharmaceuticals, Inc., dated March 28, 2013; Robert D. Shallish, Jr., Executive Vice President--Finance and Chief... Executive Officer, Society of Corporate Secretaries & Governance Professionals, dated March 29, 2013; Paul R. Oldham, Chief Financial Officer and Vice President Finance Administration, Electro Scientific Industries...

Nested seaweed cellulose fiber deposited with cuprous oxide nanorods for antimicrobial activity.

PubMed

Bhutiya, Priyank L; Misra, Nirendra; Abdul Rasheed, M; Zaheer Hasan, S

2018-05-30

Bird's nest type architectural network of cellulosic nanofibers was extracted, with nearly 34% yield, from green filamentous seaweed Chaetomorpha antennina using mild bleaching agent. Nanorods of cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O) were grown over the porous sheet, prepared from the seaweed cellulose, by one step hydrothermal method. The seaweed cellulose and Cu 2 O nanorods deposited seaweed cellulose sheets, were characterized by XRD, SEM-EDX, FT-IR, TGA and tensile test. XRD revealed that seaweed cellulose acted as reducing agent, reducing CuO to Cu 2 O. Morphology showed that the average diameter of seaweed cellulose and deposited Cu 2 O nanorods were 30 nm and 90 nm, respectively. Cuprous oxide nanorods deposited seaweed cellulose sheet gave very good antibacterial activity towards gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus thermophilis) and gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginous, Escherichia coli) microbes. The Cu 2 O nanorods deposited seaweed cellulose sheet can be viewed to have great potential in biomedical, packaging, biotechnological, textile, water treatment and pharmaceutical applications. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

44. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated August 1927, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

44. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated August 1927, in the possession of Facilities Planning Office, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. GROUND FLOOR PLAN; SHEET NO. 2 OF 10 - Dairy Industry Building, Iowa State University campus, Ames, Story County, IA

The Rhetorical Helix of the Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Industries: Strategies of Transformation through Definition, Description and Ingratiation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gretton, Linda Burak

2009-01-01

The current pharmaceutical industry, whose origins date from the early 20th century, and the biotechnology industry, which emerged in the 1980s both have foundations built on the modern scientific method and share a mission to develop new drugs for humans and animals. At the same time, they are also made distinct by size (small biotechs versus…

Multi-Service Doctrine for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Operations

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-07-01

currently valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE JUL 2011 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED 00-00-2011 to 00-00-2011 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Multi...research reactors, research and development facilities, laboratories, production facilities, radioisotope thermoelectric generators, pharmaceutical...requests from the U.S. armed forces for emergency, up-to- date medical intelligence assessments. It is the nation’s premier producer and coordinator of

A short review of drug-food interactions of medicines treating overactive bladder syndrome.

PubMed

Paśko, Paweł; Rodacki, Tomasz; Domagała-Rodacka, Renata; Owczarek, Danuta

2016-12-01

Background Overactive bladder syndrome is a condition where one or more of the symptoms such as pollakiuria, urgent need to urinate, nocturia and urinary incontinence is observed. Its prevalence ranges between 7 and 27 % in men and 9-43 % in women. The role of a pharmacist is to educate the patient on medications administration scheme, and drug interactions with particular food or food components. Aim of the review To assess a potential impact of food and fruit juice on the pharmacokinetic and therapeutic effects of medications used in treating overactive bladder syndrome. This information will enhance pharmaceutical care and is vital and helpful for pharmacists counseling their patients. Method In order to gather information on interactions of medications employed in bladder dysfunctions, the English language reports published in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and CINAHL database over the years 1996-2015 were studied. Additionally, other resources, namely drugs.com, Medscape, UpToDate, Micromedex, Medical Letter, as well as Stockley Drugs Interaction electronic publication were included in the study. The analysis also covered product data sheets for particular medicinal products. Results Meals and the consumption of grapefruit juice were found to exert a diversified effect on the pharmacokinetics of drugs employed in overactive bladder syndrome therapy. Neither tolterodine, nor mirabegron interact with food and citrus fruit juice, whereas darifenacin, fesoterodine, oxybutynin and solifenacin do interact with grapefruit and others citrus fruit juice. The effects of such interactions may potentially be negative to patients. Trospium absorption is significantly decreased by food. Conclusion For selected medicines used in treating bladder dysfunctions food and grapefruit juice consumption may significantly affect efficacy and safety of the therapy. All information on the topic is likely to enhance the quality of pharmaceutical care.

47. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated August 1927, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

47. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated August 1927, in the possession of Facilities Planning Office, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. WEST, NORTH, AND SOUTH ELEVATIONS; SHEET NO. 5 OF 10 - Dairy Industry Building, Iowa State University campus, Ames, Story County, IA

45. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated August 1927, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

45. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated August 1927, in the possession of Facilities Planning Office, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. FIRST FLOOR PLAN AND DETAILS; SHEET NO. 3 OF 10 - Dairy Industry Building, Iowa State University campus, Ames, Story County, IA

Enhanced ice sheet melting driven by volcanic eruptions during the last deglaciation.

PubMed

Muschitiello, Francesco; Pausata, Francesco S R; Lea, James M; Mair, Douglas W F; Wohlfarth, Barbara

2017-10-24

Volcanic eruptions can impact the mass balance of ice sheets through changes in climate and the radiative properties of the ice. Yet, empirical evidence highlighting the sensitivity of ancient ice sheets to volcanism is scarce. Here we present an exceptionally well-dated annual glacial varve chronology recording the melting history of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet at the end of the last deglaciation (∼13,200-12,000 years ago). Our data indicate that abrupt ice melting events coincide with volcanogenic aerosol emissions recorded in Greenland ice cores. We suggest that enhanced ice sheet runoff is primarily associated with albedo effects due to deposition of ash sourced from high-latitude volcanic eruptions. Climate and snowpack mass-balance simulations show evidence for enhanced ice sheet runoff under volcanically forced conditions despite atmospheric cooling. The sensitivity of past ice sheets to volcanic ashfall highlights the need for an accurate coupling between atmosphere and ice sheet components in climate models.

Back to School: Keeping Our Children Safe, Healthy, and Drug-Free in the New School Season. Fact Sheet

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Office of National Drug Control Policy, 2010

2010-01-01

Results of the 2009 "Monitoring the Future" (MTF) study document the disturbing prevalence among teens of abuse of prescription and over-the-counter drugs. The data show, for example, that seven of the substances most commonly abused by high school seniors are pharmaceuticals. Many parents believe they are powerless to influence their teens.…

Scientific Knowledge and Technology, Animal Experimentation, and Pharmaceutical Development.

PubMed

Kinter, Lewis B; DeGeorge, Joseph J

2016-12-01

Human discovery of pharmacologically active substances is arguably the oldest of the biomedical sciences with origins >3500 years ago. Since ancient times, four major transformations have dramatically impacted pharmaceutical development, each driven by advances in scientific knowledge, technology, and/or regulation: (1) anesthesia, analgesia, and antisepsis; (2) medicinal chemistry; (3) regulatory toxicology; and (4) targeted drug discovery. Animal experimentation in pharmaceutical development is a modern phenomenon dating from the 20th century and enabling several of the four transformations. While each transformation resulted in more effective and/or safer pharmaceuticals, overall attrition, cycle time, cost, numbers of animals used, and low probability of success for new products remain concerns, and pharmaceutical development remains a very high risk business proposition. In this manuscript we review pharmaceutical development since ancient times, describe its coevolution with animal experimentation, and attempt to predict the characteristics of future transformations. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Geological and geomorphological insights into Antarctic ice sheet evolution.

PubMed

Sugden, David E; Bentley, Michael J; O Cofaigh, Colm

2006-07-15

Technical advances in the study of ice-free parts of Antarctica can provide quantitative records that are useful for constraining and refining models of ice sheet evolution and behaviour. Such records improve our understanding of system trajectory, influence the questions we ask about system stability and help to define the ice-sheet processes that are relevant on different time-scales. Here, we illustrate the contribution of cosmogenic isotope analysis of exposed bedrock surfaces and marine geophysical surveying to the understanding of Antarctic ice sheet evolution on a range of time-scales. In the Dry Valleys of East Antarctica, 3He dating of subglacial flood deposits that are now exposed on mountain summits provide evidence of an expanded and thicker Mid-Miocene ice sheet. The survival of surface boulders for approximately 14Myr, the oldest yet measured, demonstrates exceptionally low rates of subsequent erosion and points to the persistence and stability of the dry polar desert climate since that time. Increasingly, there are constraints on West Antarctic ice sheet fluctuations during Quaternary glacial cycles. In the Sarnoff Mountains of Marie Byrd Land in West Antarctica, 10Be and 26Al cosmogenic isotope analysis of glacial erratics and bedrock reveal steady thinning of the ice sheet from 10400 years ago to the present, probably as a result of grounding line retreat. In the Antarctic Peninsula, offshore analysis reveals an extensive ice sheet at the last glacial maximum. Based on radiocarbon dating, deglaciation began by 17000cal yr BP and was complete by 9500cal yr BP. Deglaciation of the west and east sides of the Antarctic Peninsula ice sheet occurred at different times and rates, but was largely complete by the Early Holocene. At that time ice shelves were less extensive on the west side of the Antarctic Peninsula than they are today. The message from the past is that individual glacier drainage basins in Antarctica respond in different and distinctive ways to global climate change, depending on the link between regional topography and climate setting.

75 FR 3458 - Combined Notice of Filings # 1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-21

... Resources, Inc. submits withdrawal of its Application to Modify Market Based Rate Tariffs, To Request... LP resubmits tariff sheets associated with the 12/17/09 ``Notice of Succession'' and enclosed clean... market-based rate authorization. Filed Date: 01/06/2010. Accession Number: 20100107-0214. Comment Date: 5...

Medicines information provided by pharmaceutical representatives: a comparative study in Australia and Malaysia

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background Pharmaceutical representatives provide medicines information on their promoted products to doctors. However, studies have shown that the quality of this information is often low. No study has assessed the medicines information provided by pharmaceutical representatives to doctors in Malaysia and no recent evidence in Australia is present. We aimed to compare the provision of medicines information by pharmaceutical representatives to doctors in Australia and Malaysia. Methods Following a pharmaceutical representative's visit, general practitioners in Australia and Malaysia who had agreed to participate, were asked to fill out a questionnaire on the main product and claims discussed during the encounter. The questionnaire focused on provision of product information including indications, adverse effects, precautions, contraindications and the provision of information on the Pharmaceutical Benefit Scheme (PBS) listings and restrictions (in Australia only). Descriptive statistics were produced. Chi-square analysis and clustered linear regression were used to assess differences in Australia and Malaysia. Results Significantly more approved product information sheets were provided in Malaysia (78%) than in Australia (53%) (P < 0.001). In both countries, general practitioners reported that indications (Australia, 90%, Malaysia, 93%) and dosages (Australia, 76%, Malaysia, 82%) were frequently provided by pharmaceutical representatives. Contraindications, precautions, drug interactions and adverse effects were often omitted in the presentations (range 25% - 41%). General practitioners in Australia and Malaysia indicated that in more than 90% of presentations, pharmaceutical representatives partly or fully answered their questions on contraindications, precautions, drug interactions and adverse effects. More general practitioners in Malaysia (85%) than in Australia (60%) reported that pharmaceutical representatives should have mentioned contraindications, precautions for use, drug interaction or adverse effects spontaneously (P < 0.001). In 48% of the Australian presentations, general practitioners reported the pharmaceutical representatives failed to mention information on PBS listings to general practitioners. Conclusions Information on indications and dosages were usually provided by pharmaceutical representatives in Australia and Malaysia. However, risk and harmful effects of medicines were often missing in their presentations. Effective control of medicines information provided by pharmaceutical representatives is needed. PMID:21118551

Between pharmaceutical patents and European patients: is a compromise still possible?

PubMed

Garattini, Livio; Padula, Anna

2017-10-01

Pharmaceutical regulation has always attempted to balance the public health objective to make safe and effective drugs available for patients while providing commercial incentives through patents. Here we discuss whether it is still possible to find a balance between the incentives on the supply side and the regulatory framework on the demand side. Areas covered: The current regulatory framework on pharmaceutical exclusivity has been harshly criticized by many experts, arguing about whether it is still fit for public purposes and needs. Here we envisage a different scenario without 'revolutionizing' the whole present system. The main radical change should concern the present management of pharmaceutical patents by introducing a specific agency dedicated to them. Secondly, specific pharmaceutical patents could be restricted to compounds for one (or more) declared indication(s). Thirdly, pharmaceutical patents should be kept only for compounds that start a first clinical trial within five years from the granting date. Expert opinion: We think it is time to reconsider the regulation of pharmaceutical patents in the light of their relevance in terms of public health. New models of enhancing research investments are required for long-term sustainability of public pharmaceutical expenditure and the EU can still play a leading role.

51. Photocopy of Title Sheet, Booklet of General Plans, U.S.C.G.C ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

51. Photocopy of Title Sheet, Booklet of General Plans, U.S.C.G.C White Heath, WLM-545, U.S. Coast Guard Naval Engineering Department, U.S.C.G. Headquarters, Washington, D.C. Coast Guard Headquarters Drawing No. 540-WAGL-0103-019 C. sheet 1 of 7, dated May 1967; revised June 1971, December 1976, and April 1989. Original drawing property of the U.S. Coast Guard. - U.S. Coast Guard Cutter WHITE HEATH, USGS Integrated Support Command Boston, 427 Commercial Street, Boston, Suffolk County, MA

Chronology of paleozoic metamorphism and deformation in the Blue Ridge thrust complex, North Carolina and Tennessee

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Goldberg, S.A.; Dallmeyer, R.D.

1997-05-01

The Blue Ridge province in northwestern North Carolina and northeastern Tennessee records a multiphase collisional and accretionary history from the Mesoproterozoic through the Paleozoic. To constrain the tectonothermal evolution in this region, radiometric ages have been determined for 23 regionally metamorphosed amphibolites, granitic gneisses, and pelitic schists and from mylonites along shear zones that bound thrust sheets and within an internal shear zone. The garnet ages from the Pumpkin Patch a thrust sheet (458, 455, and 451 Ma) are similar to those from the structurally overlying Spruce Pine thrust sheet (460, 456, 455, and 450 Ma). Both thrust sheets exhibitmore » similar upper amphibolite-facies conditions. Because of the high closure temperature for garnet, the garnet ages are interpreted to date growth at or near the peak of Taconic metamorphism. Devonian metamorphic ages are recognized in the Spruce Pine thrust sheet, where Sm-Nd and Rb-Sr garnet ages of 386 and 393 Ma and mineral isochron ages of 397 {+-} 14 and 375 {+-} 27 Ma are preserved. Hornblendes record similar {sup 40}Ar/{sup 39}Ar, Sm-Nd, and Rb-Sr ages of 398 to 379 Ma. Devonian {sup 40}Ar/{sup 39}Ar hornblende ages are also recorded in the structurally lower Pumpkin Patch thrust sheet. The Devonian mineral ages are interpreted to date a discrete tectonothermal event, as opposed to uplift and slow cooling from an Ordovician metamorphic event. The Mississippian mylonitization is interpreted to represent thrusting and initial assembly of crystalline sheets associated with the Alleghanian orogeny. The composite thrust stack of the Blue Ridge complex was subsequently thrust northwestward along the Linville Falls fault during middle Alleghanian orogeny (about 300 Ma).« less

International Workshop on Antarctic Meteorites

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Annexstad, J. O.; Schultz, L.; Waenke, H.

1986-01-01

Topics addressed include: meteorite concentration mechanisms; meteorites and the Antarctic ice sheet; iron meteorites; iodine overabundance in meteorites; entrainment, transport, and concentration of meteorites in polar ice sheets; weathering of stony meteorites; cosmic ray records; radiocarbon dating; element distribution and noble gas isotopic abundances in lunar meteorites; thermoanalytical characterization; trace elements; thermoluminescence; parent sources; and meteorite ablation and fusion spherules in Antarctic ice.

117. Back side technical facilities S.R. radar transmitter & computer ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

117. Back side technical facilities S.R. radar transmitter & computer building no. 102, "building sections - sheet I" - architectural, AS-BLT AW 35-46-04, sheet 12, dated 23 January, 1961. - Clear Air Force Station, Ballistic Missile Early Warning System Site II, One mile west of mile marker 293.5 on Parks Highway, 5 miles southwest of Anderson, Anderson, Denali Borough, AK

118. Back side technical facilities S.R. radar transmitter & computer ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

118. Back side technical facilities S.R. radar transmitter & computer building no. 102, "building sections - sheet I" - architectural, AS-BLT AW 35-46-04, sheet 13, dated 23 January, 1961. - Clear Air Force Station, Ballistic Missile Early Warning System Site II, One mile west of mile marker 293.5 on Parks Highway, 5 miles southwest of Anderson, Anderson, Denali Borough, AK

14 CFR Section 22 - General Reporting Instructions

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Balance sheet Q (1) X X B-1.1 Balance sheet SA (2) NA NA B-7 Airframe and aircraft engine acquisitions and...) December 30 P-1(a) T-100, T-100(f) 1 Due dates falling on a Saturday, Sunday or national holiday will.... (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 2138-0013) [ER-755, 37 FR 19726, Sept...

14. Photographic copy of the original construction plans, dated July ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

14. Photographic copy of the original construction plans, dated July 20, 1923, from the blueprints in possession of DuPage County, Division of Transportation, Wheaton, Illinois. HALF LONGITUDINAL SECTION (sheet 2 of 3). - Fullersburg Bridge, Spanning Salt Creek at York Road, Oak Brook, Du Page County, IL

46. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated August 1927, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

46. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated August 1927, in the possession of Facilities planning Office, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. SECOND FLOOR PLAN, ROOF PLANS, AND ROOF DETAILS; SHEET NO. 4 OF 10 - Dairy Industry Building, Iowa State University campus, Ames, Story County, IA

150. Photographic copy of original construction drawing dated July 29, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

150. Photographic copy of original construction drawing dated July 29, 1930 (from Record Group 115, Denver Branch of the National Archives, Denver). 60 x 12 SPILLWAY RING GATE; CONTROL AND PIPING INSTALLATION AND ANCHOR BOLT LOCATION (SHEET 3 OF 8). - Owyhee Dam, Across Owyhee River, Nyssa, Malheur County, OR

On the Reconstruction of Palaeo-Ice Sheets: Recent Advances and Future Challenges

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stokes, Chris R.; Tarasov, Lev; Blomdin, Robin; Cronin, Thomas M.; Fisher, Timothy G.; Gyllencreutz, Richard; Hattestrand, Clas; Heyman, Jacob; Hindmarsh, Richard C. A.; Hughes, Anna L. C.;

On the reconstruction of palaeo-ice sheets: Recent advances and future challenges

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stokes, Chris R.; Tarasov, Lev; Blomdin, Robin; Cronin, Thomas M.; Fisher, Timothy G.; Gyllencreutz, Richard; Hattestrand, Clas; Heyman, Jakob; Hindmarsh, Richard C. A.; Hughes, Anna L. C.; Jakobsson, Martin; Kirchner, Nina; Livingstone, Stephen J.; Margold, Martin; Murton, Julian B.; Noormets, Riko; Peltier, W. Richard; Peteet, Dorothy M.; Piper, David J. W.; Preusser, Frank; Renssen, Hans; Roberts, David H.; Roche, Didier M.; Saint-Ange, Francky; Stroeven, Arjen P.; Teller, James T.

2015-01-01

Reconstructing the growth and decay of palaeo-ice sheets is critical to understanding mechanisms of global climate change and associated sea-level fluctuations in the past, present and future. The significance of palaeo-ice sheets is further underlined by the broad range of disciplines concerned with reconstructing their behaviour, many of which have undergone a rapid expansion since the 1980s. In particular, there has been a major increase in the size and qualitative diversity of empirical data used to reconstruct and date ice sheets, and major improvements in our ability to simulate their dynamics in numerical ice sheet models. These developments have made it increasingly necessary to forge interdisciplinary links between sub-disciplines and to link numerical modelling with observations and dating of proxy records. The aim of this paper is to evaluate recent developments in the methods used to reconstruct ice sheets and outline some key challenges that remain, with an emphasis on how future work might integrate terrestrial and marine evidence together with numerical modelling. Our focus is on pan-ice sheet reconstructions of the last deglaciation, but regional case studies are used to illustrate methodological achievements, challenges and opportunities. Whilst various disciplines have made important progress in our understanding of ice-sheet dynamics, it is clear that data-model integration remains under-used, and that uncertainties remain poorly quantified in both empirically-based and numerical ice-sheet reconstructions. The representation of past climate will continue to be the largest source of uncertainty for numerical modelling. As such, palaeo-observations are critical to constrain and validate modelling. State-of-the-art numerical models will continue to improve both in model resolution and in the breadth of inclusion of relevant processes, thereby enabling more accurate and more direct comparison with the increasing range of palaeo-observations. Thus, the capability is developing to use all relevant palaeo-records to more strongly constrain deglacial (and to a lesser extent pre-LGM) ice sheet evolution. In working towards that goal, the accurate representation of uncertainties is required for both constraint data and model outputs. Close cooperation between modelling and data-gathering communities is essential to ensure this capability is realised and continues to progress.

Lateglacial retreat chronology of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet in Finnmark, northern Norway, reconstructed from surface exposure dating of major end moraines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Romundset, Anders; Akçar, Naki; Fredin, Ola; Tikhomirov, Dmitry; Reber, Regina; Vockenhuber, Christof; Christl, Marcus; Schlüchter, Christian

2017-12-01

We report results from a comprehensive surface exposure dating campaign in eastern Finnmark, located in the northernmost part of Norway and close to the Norwegian-Russian border. This is a palaeo-glaciologically important region as it sits near the proposed border-zone between the former Scandinavian and Barents Sea Ice Sheets. However, until now the deglaciation history has few direct dates onshore and the chronology of ice front retreat is instead found by correlating ice-marginal deposits with isostatically raised shorelines and marine sediment cores. We measured the content of 10Be (N = 22) and 36Cl (N = 17) from boulders located at the crest of major moraine ridges at four localities; Kjæs, Kongsfjorden, Vardø and Kirkenes. These are key localities of existing regional reconstructions of ice recession in this area. Despite some spread in age results from each locality due to methodological challenges associated with surface exposure dating, the large numbers of samples from each site except Kjæs still allow for obtaining clusters of similar ages which are used for arriving at a likely chronology of ice front retreat. Our results show that the Kongsfjorden and Vardø moraines were deposited 14.3 ± 1.7 ka and 13.6 ± 1.4 ka, respectively, and thus point to a Older Dryas age of the proposed 'Outer Porsanger' deglaciation sub-stage. Moraine ridges belonging to the 'Main' sub-stage near Kirkenes were dated to 11.9 ± 1.2 ka, corresponding well with the ice retreat chronology farther west in northern Norway and suggesting that the maximum Younger Dryas ice sheet extent was attained in the late Younger Dryas along a more than 500 km long stretch in northernmost Scandinavia.

Fuels planning: science synthesis and integration; environmental consequences fact sheet 01: Fire Effects Information System (FEIS)

Treesearch

Steve Sutherland

2004-01-01

The Fire Effects Information System (FEIS) provides accessible, up-to-date fire effects summaries, taken from current English-language literature, for almost 900 plant species, about 100 animal species, and 16 Kuchler plant communities found on the North American continent. This fact sheet discusses the development of FEIS and what is contained in the species summary....

Pharmacological interventions to improve cognition and adaptive functioning in Down syndrome: Strides to date.

PubMed

Hart, Sarah J; Visootsak, Jeannie; Tamburri, Paul; Phuong, Patrick; Baumer, Nicole; Hernandez, Maria-Clemencia; Skotko, Brian G; Ochoa-Lubinoff, Cesar; Liogier D'Ardhuy, Xavier; Kishnani, Priya S; Spiridigliozzi, Gail A

2017-11-01

Although an increasing number of clinical trials have been developed for cognition in Down syndrome, there has been limited success to date in identifying effective interventions. This review describes the progression from pre-clinical studies with mouse models to human clinical trials research using pharmacological interventions to improve cognition and adaptive functioning in Down syndrome. We also provide considerations for investigators when conducting human clinical trials and describe strategies for the pharmaceutical industry to advance the field in drug discovery for Down syndrome. Future research focusing on earlier pharmaceutical interventions, development of appropriate outcome measures, and greater collaboration between industry, academia, advocacy, and regulatory groups will be important for addressing limitations from prior studies and developing potential effective interventions for cognition in Down syndrome. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated October 19, 1962, Department ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated October 19, 1962, Department of the Air Force Air Defense Command Installations, in possession of Selfridge Base Museum, Mt. Clemens, Michigan. ALTER POL OPERATIONS, SHEET 1 OF 2, SLF 140-070 - Selfridge Field, Building No. 1445, Sugarbush Road north of Bunker Road, Mount Clemens, Macomb County, MI

5. Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated March (?), 1959, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated March (?), 1959, Department of the Air Force Air Defense Command Installations, in possession of Selfridge Base Museum, Mt. Clemens, Michigan. FLOOR PLAN, SHEET 1 OF 1, DRAWING SLF-440-022. - Selfridge Field, Building No. 101, Supply Street east of Maple Street, Mount Clemens, Macomb County, MI

11. Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated September 17, 1982, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

11. Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated September 17, 1982, Straub Associates, Troy, Michigan, in possession of Selfride Base Museum, Mt. Clemens, Michigan. ENERGY CONSERVATION, EXISTING AND PROPOSED PLANS, SHEET 5 OF 5, MCP-93. - Selfridge Field, Building No. 121, Wilbur Wright Avenue west of Ash Street, Mount Clemens, Macomb County, MI

15. Photographic copy of the original construction plans, dated July ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

15. Photographic copy of the original construction plans, dated July 20, 1923, from the blueprints in possession of DuPage County, Division of Transportation, Wheaton, Illinois. FRONT ELEVATION SHOWING OUTLINES AND REINFORCEMENT (sheet 3 of 3) - Fullersburg Bridge, Spanning Salt Creek at York Road, Oak Brook, Du Page County, IL

13. Photographic copy of the original construction plans, dated July ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. Photographic copy of the original construction plans, dated July 20, 1923, from the blueprints in possession of DuPage County, Division of Transportation, Wheaton, Illinois. GENERAL ELEVATION AND HALF ELEVATION OF PIER (sheet 1 of 3). - Fullersburg Bridge, Spanning Salt Creek at York Road, Oak Brook, Du Page County, IL

51. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated August 1927, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

51. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated August 1927, in the possession of Facilities planning Office, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. GROUND FLOOR PLAN, MECHANICAL FAN ROOM LAYOUT, ELECTRICAL WIRING DIAGRAM, RADIATOR, FANS 1 & 2, DETAILS; SHEET NO. 202 OF 3 - Dairy Industry Building, Iowa State University campus, Ames, Story County, IA

157. Photographic copy of original construction drawing dated July 29, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

157. Photographic copy of original construction drawing dated July 29, 1930 (from Record Group 115, Denver Branch of the National Archives, Denver). OWYHEE DAM; 60 X 12 SPILLWAY RING GATE; CONTROL AND PIPING INSTALLATION AND ANCHOR BOLT LOCATION (SHEET 2 OF 8). - Owyhee Dam, Across Owyhee River, Nyssa, Malheur County, OR

An Evaluation Design for the Educational Programs for Pupils Who Are Orthopedically Handicapped.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

South Carolina State Dept. of Education, Columbia. Office of Programs for the Handicapped.

The booklet provides forms for the teacher of the orthopedically handicapped to use in systematically collecting data and designing an appropriate educational blueprint for each student. Pupil development assessment sheets include columns for recording assessment date, date of mastery, level of achievement, and comments for each behavioral…

76 FR 76941 - Polyethylene Terephthalate Film, Sheet, and Strip From Taiwan: Final Results of Antidumping Duty...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-09

... Results). DATES: Effective Date: December 9, 2011. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Gene Calvert or Emily Halle, AD/CVD Operations, Office 6, Import Administration, International Trade Administration, U.S... that it would not be responding to the Department's questionnaire and that it would not be...

17 CFR 210.8-05 - Pro forma financial information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... consummated during the most recent fiscal year or subsequent interim period, pro forma statements of income... (2) If consummation of the transaction has occurred or is probable after the date of the most recent... combination as of the date of the most recent balance sheet. For a purchase, pro forma statements of income...

76 FR 7864 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-11

...: Psychiatric Unit Criteria Work Sheet and Supporting Regulations 412.25 and 412.27; Use: A limited number of... National Correct Coding Initiative in Medicaid, SMD Letter 10-017 dated September 1, 2010. Use; The Patient... State Use of National Correct Coding Initiative. A State Medicaid Director letter, 10-017 dated...

Pharmaceuticals in settleable particulate material in urban and non-urban waters.

PubMed

Lahti, Marja; Oikari, Aimo

2011-10-01

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are important sources of settleable particulate material (SPM), heading to sediments with natural suspended solids. To date, there is little information about the fate of pharmaceuticals in sediment systems. In this study, the objective was to determine if pharmaceuticals are detected in SPM at locations near WWTPs or even in rural areas, thus being susceptible for sedimentation. SPM samples were collected from 10 sites in Finland, grouped as reference, rural and wastewater effluent sites. SPM collectors were placed about 35 cm above bottom for about 2 months during summer. After extraction, a set of 17 pharmaceuticals was analyzed. Several pharmaceuticals were detected in SPM accumulated at sites next to WWTPs. The concentration of citalopram was notably high (300-1350 ng g⁻¹ dw). Also bisoprolol and ciprofloxacin were detected at high concentrations (6-325 and 9-390 ng g⁻¹ dw, respectively). In contrast, none of the pharmaceuticals were detected from reference sites and only two were found from a single rural site. There is no previous information about the presence of pharmaceuticals in SPM. The results showed that pharmaceuticals are sorbed to particles in WWTP and nearby, eventually ending up in sediments. These results also indicate that pharmaceuticals are not markedly contaminating sediments of rural areas in Finland. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Geochronology and geology of late Oligocene through Miocene volcanism and mineralization in the western San Juan Mountains, Colorado

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bove, Dana J.; Hon, Ken; Budding, Karin E.; Slack, John F.; Snee, Lawrence W.; Yeoman, Ross A.

2001-01-01

This paper presents 25 new 40Ar/39Ar dates from the main calc-alkaline ash-flow sheets and related younger plutons of the western San Juan volcanic field, the ash-flow sheets of the Lake City caldera cycle, and veins and other altered rocks in the Lake City region. The goal of the study was to produce similar quality 40Ar/39Ar ages to those currently published for the eastern and central San Juan Mountains. These new data provide a much more precise chronological framework for interpreting durations of events and their relationship to mineralization than do previously published conventional K-Ar dates for the western San Juan Mountains.

Complex Greenland outlet glacier flow captured

PubMed Central

Aschwanden, Andy; Fahnestock, Mark A.; Truffer, Martin

2016-01-01

The Greenland Ice Sheet is losing mass at an accelerating rate due to increased surface melt and flow acceleration in outlet glaciers. Quantifying future dynamic contributions to sea level requires accurate portrayal of outlet glaciers in ice sheet simulations, but to date poor knowledge of subglacial topography and limited model resolution have prevented reproduction of complex spatial patterns of outlet flow. Here we combine a high-resolution ice-sheet model coupled to uniformly applied models of subglacial hydrology and basal sliding, and a new subglacial topography data set to simulate the flow of the Greenland Ice Sheet. Flow patterns of many outlet glaciers are well captured, illustrating fundamental commonalities in outlet glacier flow and highlighting the importance of efforts to map subglacial topography. Success in reproducing present day flow patterns shows the potential for prognostic modelling of ice sheets without the need for spatially varying parameters with uncertain time evolution. PMID:26830316

8. Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated January 10, 1962, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated January 10, 1962, Department of the Air Force Air Defense Command Installations for Selfridge, in possession of Selfridge Base Museum, Mt. Clemens, Michigan. ELEVATIONS AND SECTIONS, SLF 140-056 SHEET 3 OF 7. - Selfridge Field, Building No. 562, Ammo Road northeast of Taxiway A, Mount Clemens, Macomb County, MI

7. Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated January 10, 1962, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated January 10, 1962, Department of the Air Force Air Defense Command Installations for Selfridge, in possession of Selfridge Base Museum, Mt. Clemens, Michigan. ARCHITECTURAL PLAN AND SCHEDULES, SLF 140-056, SHEET 2 OF 7. - Selfridge Field, Building No. 562, Ammo Road northeast of Taxiway A, Mount Clemens, Macomb County, MI

7. Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated October 28, 1964, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated October 28, 1964, Edward M. Newman Architect, Detroit, in possession of Selfridge Base Museum, Mt. Clemens, Michigan. EXISTING AND PROPOSED ELEVATIONS, SHEET 3 OF 6, DRAWING NO. SLF-740-085. - Selfridge Field, Building No. 178, East side of Wagner Street south of George Avenue, Mount Clemens, Macomb County, MI

9. Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated October 29, 1958, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated October 29, 1958, Giffels and Rossetti, Architects-Engineers, Detroit, in possession of Selfridge Base Museum, Mt. Clemens, Michigan. STANDBY POWER UNIT, ARCHITECTURAL, ADDITION TO BLDG, 853, SHEET 3 OF 12. - Selfridge Field, Building No. 853, North of Taxiway H, east of North-South Runway, Mount Clemens, Macomb County, MI

5. Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated October 29, 1958, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated October 29, 1958, Giffels & Rossetti, Detroit, in possession of Selfridge Base Museum, Mt. Clemens, Michigan. STANDBY GENERATOR BUILDING, ARCHITECTURAL; PLAN, ELEVATIONS, SECTION, SHEET 2 OF 12, DRAWING NO. SLF-800-045. - Selfridge Field, Building No. 98, South of East Ramp, east of Taxiway F, Mount Clemens, Macomb County, MI

9. Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated October 30, 1951, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated October 30, 1951, Holabird & Root & Burgee, Architects-Engineers, Chicago, in possession of Selfridge Base Museum, Mt. Clemens, Michigan. ARCHITECTURAL DETAILS, SHEET 4 OF 9, DRAWING NO. 25-22-04. - Selfridge Field, Building Nos. 1012, 1015, 1016, 1017, Doolittle Drive south of B Street, Mount Clemens, Macomb County, MI

49. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated August 1927, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

49. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated August 1927, in the possession of Facilities Planning Office, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. ELEVATIONS & DETAILS CROSS SECTION THROUGH COURTYARD SHOWING WEST ELEVATION OF ARCADE AT EAST SIDE, REAR (EAST) ELEVATION OF BUILDING; SHEET NO. 7 OF 10 - Dairy Industry Building, Iowa State University campus, Ames, Story County, IA

75 FR 50753 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-17

... 138th Revised Sheet 9 to FERC Gas Tariff, Fourth Revised Volume 1, to be effective 8/1/10. Filed Date... waiver of the provisions of Section 12.5, to be effective 9/1/10. Filed Date: 07/30/2010 Accession Number..., August 16, 2010. Docket Numbers: RP10-1038-000. Applicants: Gulf South Pipeline Company, LP. Description...

413. Delineator Unknown Date Unknown STATE OF CALIFORNIA; DEPARTMENT OF ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

413. Delineator Unknown Date Unknown STATE OF CALIFORNIA; DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS; DIVISION OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY TOLL CROSSINGS; SAN FRANCISCO OAKLAND BAY BRIDGE RECONSTRUCTION; STEEL WORK - WEST BAY; CONTINUOUS SPANS - LONGITUDINAL GIRDERS; SHEET NO. 18; DRAWING NO. C-4028-18R - San Francisco Oakland Bay Bridge, Spanning San Francisco Bay, San Francisco, San Francisco County, CA

414. Delineator Unknown Date Unknown STATE OF CALIFORNIA; DEPARTMENT OF ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

414. Delineator Unknown Date Unknown STATE OF CALIFORNIA; DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS; DIVISION OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY TOLL CROSSINGS; SAN FRANCISCO OAKLAND BAY BRIDGE RECONSTRUCTION; STEEL WORK - WEST BAY; TYPICAL SECTIONS; SHEET NO. 5; DRAWING NO. C-4028-5R - San Francisco Oakland Bay Bridge, Spanning San Francisco Bay, San Francisco, San Francisco County, CA

A stability-study of expired ampoules manufactured more than 40 years ago.

PubMed

Zilker, Markus; Sörgel, Fritz; Holzgrabe, Ulrike

2018-02-20

Pharmaceutical manufacturers have to study the stability of drug products before marketing according to ICH guideline Q1A(R2); data of those investigations aim to set expiry dates. The expiry date on the container of a remedy assures the physician and the patient a stability of the drug in its formulation i.e. within a specification of 95-105%. Only few studies show that shelf-lives of pharmaceutical products are often longer than expiration dates. The objective of the study presented here was determining the content of nine expired ampoules manufactured in the last century and identifying the impurity profile by means of HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS, respectively. The ampoules are part of the "PEAK-collection" of long expired finished pharmaceutical products at IBMP, Nürnberg-Heroldsberg, and consists among others of epinephrine (Suprarenin and Adrenalin in Oil), etilefrine (Effortil ® ), synephrine (Sympatol ® ), caffeine and procaine (Impletol), caffeine and sodium salicylate (Caffeinum Salicylicum), dipyridamole (Persantin ® ), furosemide (Lasix ® ), and metamizole (Novalgin ® ). For chromatographic investigations methods of the European Pharmacopoeia for related substances were used; for determining the content, they were validated for linearity, precision, and accuracy. The results were compared to current reference ampoules. Five out of nine ampoules were still within the specified content limits. In Suprarenin and Adrenalin in Oil, both containing epinephrine, Impletol (procaine), and Persantin ® (dipyridamole) contents were decreased to 70%, 74%, 79%, and 86%, respectively, and therefore out of specification. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Novel methodology for pharmaceutical expenditure forecast.

PubMed

Vataire, Anne-Lise; Cetinsoy, Laurent; Aballéa, Samuel; Rémuzat, Cécile; Urbinati, Duccio; Kornfeld, Åsa; Mzoughi, Olfa; Toumi, Mondher

2014-01-01

The value appreciation of new drugs across countries today features a disruption that is making the historical data that are used for forecasting pharmaceutical expenditure poorly reliable. Forecasting methods rarely addressed uncertainty. The objective of this project was to propose a methodology to perform pharmaceutical expenditure forecasting that integrates expected policy changes and uncertainty (developed for the European Commission as the 'EU Pharmaceutical expenditure forecast'; see http://ec.europa.eu/health/healthcare/key_documents/index_en.htm). 1) Identification of all pharmaceuticals going off-patent and new branded medicinal products over a 5-year forecasting period in seven European Union (EU) Member States. 2) Development of a model to estimate direct and indirect impacts (based on health policies and clinical experts) on savings of generics and biosimilars. Inputs were originator sales value, patent expiry date, time to launch after marketing authorization, price discount, penetration rate, time to peak sales, and impact on brand price. 3) Development of a model for new drugs, which estimated sales progression in a competitive environment. Clinical expected benefits as well as commercial potential were assessed for each product by clinical experts. Inputs were development phase, marketing authorization dates, orphan condition, market size, and competitors. 4) Separate analysis of the budget impact of products going off-patent and new drugs according to several perspectives, distribution chains, and outcomes. 5) Addressing uncertainty surrounding estimations via deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis. This methodology has proven to be effective by 1) identifying the main parameters impacting the variations in pharmaceutical expenditure forecasting across countries: generics discounts and penetration, brand price after patent loss, reimbursement rate, the penetration of biosimilars and discount price, distribution chains, and the time to reach peak sales for new drugs; 2) estimating the statistical distribution of the budget impact; and 3) testing different pricing and reimbursement policy decisions on health expenditures. This methodology was independent of historical data and appeared to be highly flexible and adapted to test robustness and provide probabilistic analysis to support policy decision making.

Process analytical technology in the pharmaceutical industry: a toolkit for continuous improvement.

PubMed

Scott, Bradley; Wilcock, Anne

2006-01-01

Process analytical technology (PAT) refers to a series of tools used to ensure that quality is built into products while at the same time improving the understanding of processes, increasing efficiency, and decreasing costs. It has not been widely adopted by the pharmaceutical industry. As the setting for this paper, the current pharmaceutical manufacturing paradigm and PAT guidance to date are discussed prior to the review of PAT principles and tools, benefits, and challenges. The PAT toolkit contains process analyzers, multivariate analysis tools, process control tools, and continuous improvement/knowledge management/information technology systems. The integration and implementation of these tools is complex, and has resulted in uncertainty with respect to both regulation and validation. The paucity of staff knowledgeable in this area may complicate adoption. Studies to quantitate the benefits resulting from the adoption of PAT within the pharmaceutical industry would be a valuable addition to the qualitative studies that are currently available.

The last deglacial retreat history of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet recorded in sediments from off the Wilkes Land Coast

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yokoyama, Y.; Yamane, M.; Miyairi, Y.; Suga, H.; Dunbar, R. B.; Ohkouchi, N.

2017-12-01

Timing of past ice sheet retreat of Antarctic continent has been debated with regards to the global sea level changes since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) centered at around 20 ka. Exposure dating using cosmogenic radio nuclide (CRN) for glacial deposits have been widely used to reconstruct the last deglacial history though this cannot apply where no-ice free coasts are existed. One such location is the Wilkes Land where the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) is situated directory on seafloor. Sediment cores obtained off the Wilkes Land coast successfully retrieved cores during the Intergrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 318 (Escuita et al., 2011). Major obstacle to obtain reliable chronology for marine cores around Antarctica is sparsity of carbonate materials such as foraminifera. Thus compound-specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA) has been used and we applied CSRA to the sediments obtained off the Wilkes land coast. The CSRA targeted C16 and C16:1 fatty acid due to their high degradation rate. Hence low concentrations of these compounds are expected. We found major sedimentation occurred since the beginning of Holocene. The result is then compared to the previously reported dates from the land based CRN dates (eg., Mckintosh et al., 2013; Yamane et al., 2011) to discuss the timing of retreat of EAIS.

A Circular Dichroism Reference Database for Membrane Proteins

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wallace,B.; Wien, F.; Stone, T.

2006-01-01

Membrane proteins are a major product of most genomes and the target of a large number of current pharmaceuticals, yet little information exists on their structures because of the difficulty of crystallising them; hence for the most part they have been excluded from structural genomics programme targets. Furthermore, even methods such as circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy which seek to define secondary structure have not been fully exploited because of technical limitations to their interpretation for membrane embedded proteins. Empirical analyses of circular dichroism (CD) spectra are valuable for providing information on secondary structures of proteins. However, the accuracy of themore » results depends on the appropriateness of the reference databases used in the analyses. Membrane proteins have different spectral characteristics than do soluble proteins as a result of the low dielectric constants of membrane bilayers relative to those of aqueous solutions (Chen & Wallace (1997) Biophys. Chem. 65:65-74). To date, no CD reference database exists exclusively for the analysis of membrane proteins, and hence empirical analyses based on current reference databases derived from soluble proteins are not adequate for accurate analyses of membrane protein secondary structures (Wallace et al (2003) Prot. Sci. 12:875-884). We have therefore created a new reference database of CD spectra of integral membrane proteins whose crystal structures have been determined. To date it contains more than 20 proteins, and spans the range of secondary structures from mostly helical to mostly sheet proteins. This reference database should enable more accurate secondary structure determinations of membrane embedded proteins and will become one of the reference database options in the CD calculation server DICHROWEB (Whitmore & Wallace (2004) NAR 32:W668-673).« less

76 FR 15328 - National Institute on Drug Abuse; Notice of Closed Meetings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-21

[email protected] . Name of Committee: National Institute on Drug Abuse Special Emphasis Panel; NIDA's Science...; Development & Manufacture of Pharmaceutical Products/Addiction Treatment (8899). Date: May 24, 2011. Time: 9 a...

7. Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated Janaury 29, 1965, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated Janaury 29, 1965, Department of the Air Force Air Defense Command Civil Engineering, in possession of Selfridge Base Museum, Mt. Clemens, Michigan. Architectural details of new enclosed porches, sheets 2 of 7, SLF 740-090 - Selfridge Field, Building Nos. 237 & 238, 237 & 238 George Avenue: Harrison Township, Mount Clemens, Macomb County, MI

19. Photocopy of Mechanical drawing, dated 25 June, 1993 by ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

19. Photocopy of Mechanical drawing, dated 25 June, 1993 by US Air Force Space Command. Original drawing property of United States Air Force, 21" Space Command. U-l PAVE PAWS SUPPORT SYSTEMS, CAPE COD AFB, MASSACHUSETTS - UTILITY SITE PLAN. DRAWING NO. U-l - SHEET 17 OF 21. - Cape Cod Air Station, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Sandwich, Barnstable County, MA

18. Photocopy of Architectural Layout drawing, dated 25 June, 1993 ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

18. Photocopy of Architectural Layout drawing, dated 25 June, 1993 by US Air Force Space Command. Original drawing property of United States Air Force, 21' Space Command AL-2 PAVE PAWS SUPPORT SYSTEMS - CAPE COD AFB, MASSACHUSETTS - SITE PLAN. DRAWING NO. AL-2 - SHEET 3 OF 21. - Cape Cod Air Station, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Sandwich, Barnstable County, MA

3. Photographic copy of inkcolinen drawing dated 1923; Henschien & ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. Photographic copy of ink-co-linen drawing dated 1923; Henschien & McLaren Architects, Chicago; Original in collection of Rath drawings and blueprints owned by Waterloo Community Development Board, Waterloo, Iowa; GENERAL ARRANGEMENT PLAN OF HOG KILLING DEPARTMENT; NORTH AT TOP OF SHEET - Rath Packing Company, Hog Killing & By-Products Building, Sycamore Street between Elm & Eighteenth Streets, Waterloo, Black Hawk County, IA

6. Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated November 19, 1954, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated November 19, 1954, J.F. Pritchard and Company, Kansas City, Missouri, in possession of Selfridge Base Museum, Mt. Clemens, Michigan. OPERATING PUMP HOUSE ARCHITECTURAL PLANS AND ELEVATIONS, SHEET 7 DRAWING NO. 78-24-01, SF5/1164. - Selfridge Field, Building Nos. 1412, 1434, Castle Avenue west of West Ramp, Mount Clemens, Macomb County, MI

7. Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated November 19, 1954, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated November 19, 1954, J.F. Pritchard and Company, Kansas City, Missouri, in possession of Selfridge Base Museum, Mt. Clemens, Michigan. OPERATING PUMPH OUSE ARCHITECTURAL SECTIONS AND DETAILS, SHEET 8 DRAWING NO. 78-24-01, SF5/1165. - Selfridge Field, Building Nos. 1412, 1434, Castle Avenue west of West Ramp, Mount Clemens, Macomb County, MI

50. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated August 1927, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

50. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated August 1927, in the possession of Facilities Planning Office, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. EXTERIOR DETAILS DETAIL ELEVATION, PLAN, AND WALL CROSS SECTION AT FRONT ENTRANCE PORTICO; EXTERIOR WALL AND OPENING DETAILS; AND OTHER EXTERIOR DETAILS; SHEET NO. 8 OF 10 - Dairy Industry Building, Iowa State University campus, Ames, Story County, IA

5. Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated September 30, 1970, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated September 30, 1970, U.S. Army Engineer District, Detroit, Corps of Engineers, in possession of Selfridge Base Museum, Mt. Clemens, Michigan. ELEVATIONS AND DETAILS, SHEET 1 OF 3, DRAWING NO. 86-11-22, FILE SF 5/1782. - Selfridge Field, Building No. 570, Ammo Road northeast of Taxiway A, Mount Clemens, Macomb County, MI

124. Photocopy of original construction drawing, dated 12 October 1935 ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

124. Photocopy of original construction drawing, dated 12 October 1935 (Original print in the possession of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Portland District, Portland, OR.) (T-3-83, Sheet 1 of 6) COLLECTION CHANNEL DETAILS: WOOD GRATING AND BAFFLES IN DIFFUSION CHAMBERS. - Bonneville Project, Powerhouse No.1, Spanning Bradford Slough, from Bradford Island, Bonneville, Multnomah County, OR

Social Support, Heart Failure, and Acute Coronary Syndromes: The Role of Inflammatory Markers

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-04-03

APPROVAL SHEET MasterSDegrees Date Date J-t - L.l - O&, ’t -7- u ¥ 7Yt’A? Date Title of Dissertation: " Social Support, Heart Failure, and Acute Coronary...that the use of any copyrighted material in the thesis manuscript entitled: " Social Support, Heart Failure, and Acute Coronary Syndromes: The Role of...Department of Medical & Clinical Psychology Uniformed Services University Abstract Title of Thesis: “ Social Support, Acute Coronary Syndromes, and Heart

Pharmaceutical Film Coating Catalog for Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography.

PubMed

Lin, Hungyen; Dong, Yue; Markl, Daniel; Zhang, Zijian; Shen, Yaochun; Zeitler, J Axel

2017-10-01

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has recently been demonstrated to measure the film coating thickness of pharmaceutical tablets and pellets directly. The results enable the analysis of inter- and intra-tablet coating variability at an off-line and in-line setting. To date, only a few coating formulations have been tried and there is very little information on the applicability of OCT to other coatings. As it is well documented that optical methods including OCT are prone to scattering leading to limited penetration, some pharmaceutical coatings may not be measurable altogether. This study presents OCT measurements of 22 different common coatings for the assessment of OCT applicability. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Improved age constraints for the retreat of the Irish Sea Ice Stream

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smedley, Rachel; Chiverrell, Richard; Duller, Geoff; Scourse, James; Small, David; Fabel, Derek; Burke, Matthew; Clarke, Chris; McCarroll, Danny; McCarron, Stephen; O'Cofaigh, Colm; Roberts, David

2016-04-01

BRITICE-CHRONO is a large (> 45 researchers) consortium project working to provide an extensive geochronological dataset constraining the rate of retreat of a number of ice streams of the British-Irish Ice Sheet following the Last Glacial Maximum. When complete, the large empirical dataset produced by BRITICE-CHRONO will be integrated into model simulations to better understand the behaviour of the British-Irish Ice Sheet in response to past climate change, and provide an analogue for contemporary ice sheets. A major feature of the British-Irish Ice Sheet was the dynamic Irish Sea Ice Stream, which drained a large proportion of the ice sheet and extended to the proposed southern limit of glaciation upon the Isles of Scilly (Scourse, 1991). This study will focus on a large suite of terrestrial samples that were collected along a transect of the Irish Sea basin, covering the line of ice retreat from the Isles of Scilly (50°N) in the south, to the Isle of Man (54°N) in the north; a distance of 500 km. Ages are determined for both the eastern and western margins of the Irish Sea using single-grain luminescence dating (39 samples) and terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide dating (10 samples). A Bayesian sequence model is then used in combination with the prior information determined for deglaciation to integrate the geochronological datasets, and assess retreat rates for the Irish Sea Ice Stream. Scourse, J.D., 1991. Late Pleistocene stratigraphy and palaeobotany of the Isles of Scilly. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B334, 405 - 448.

A first assessment of Sentinel-3 SAR altimetry over ice sheets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McMillan, M.; Muir, A. S.; Shepherd, A.

2017-12-01

The first Sentinel-3 satellite was launched in 2016 and carries onboard a Ku-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) altimeter. With coverage up to a latitude of 81.5 degrees and a repeat period of 27 days, it offers the opportunity to measure surface topography and elevation change across much of the Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets, therefore continuing the existing 25 year radar altimeter record. The global operation of Sentinel-3 in SAR mode differs from all past Ku-band instruments; for the first time SAR measurements are routinely acquired across the interiors of the ice sheets; however unlike CryoSat-2 it does not carry an interferometer to aid signal retrieval in regions of complex coastal terrain. In view of these differences and the novel characteristics of the Sentinel-3 system, assessments of the performance of the instrument are required, to evaluate the satellite's utility for monitoring Earth's Polar regions. Here, we analyse data acquired during the first year of routine operations, to assess the performance of the Sentinel-3 SAR altimeter to date. We focus both on inland ice sheet regions, where Sentinel-3 provides the first operational SAR altimeter measurements, and also on coastal areas with more complex topography. We investigate SAR waveforms and retrieved elevations in both regions, and through comparison to measurements from earlier missions examine the impact of the different modes of operation. We also conduct a high level evaluation of the data, by comparing it to reference airborne altimetry, to provide an assessment of Sentinel-3 performance to date over ice sheets.

76 FR 4119 - Generic Drug User Fee; Notice of Public Meeting; Reopening of the Comment Period

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-24

... opportunity for all interested parties to provide information and share views on the matter. DATES: Submit.... The requesters represent manufacturers of active pharmaceutical ingredients who did not previously...

The last glaciation of Bear Peninsula, central Amundsen Sea Embayment of Antarctica: Constraints on timing and duration revealed by in situ cosmogenic 14C and 10Be dating

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Johnson, Joanne S.; Smith, James A.; Schaefer, Joerg M.; Young, Nicolás E.; Goehring, Brent M.; Hillenbrand, Claus-Dieter; Lamp, Jennifer L.; Finkel, Robert C.; Gohl, Karsten

2017-12-01

Ice streams in the Pine Island-Thwaites region of West Antarctica currently dominate contributions to sea level rise from the Antarctic ice sheet. Predictions of future ice-mass loss from this area rely on physical models that are validated with geological constraints on past extent, thickness and timing of ice cover. However, terrestrial records of ice sheet history from the region remain sparse, resulting in significant model uncertainties. We report glacial-geological evidence for the duration and timing of the last glaciation of Hunt Bluff, in the central Amundsen Sea Embayment. A multi-nuclide approach was used, measuring cosmogenic 10Be and in situ14C in bedrock surfaces and a perched erratic cobble. Bedrock 10Be ages (118-144 ka) reflect multiple periods of exposure and ice-cover, not continuous exposure since the last interglacial as had previously been hypothesized. In situ14C dating suggests that the last glaciation of Hunt Bluff did not start until 21.1 ± 5.8 ka - probably during the Last Glacial Maximum - and finished by 9.6 ± 0.9 ka, at the same time as ice sheet retreat from the continental shelf was complete. Thickening of ice at Hunt Bluff most likely post-dated the maximum extent of grounded ice on the outer continental shelf. Flow re-organisation provides a possible explanation for this, with the date for onset of ice-cover at Hunt Bluff providing a minimum age for the timing of convergence of the Dotson and Getz tributaries to form a single palaeo-ice stream. This is the first time that timing of onset of ice cover has been constrained in the Amundsen Sea Embayment.

The Future of the Pharmaceutical Sciences and Graduate Education: Recommendations from the AACP Graduate Education Special Interest Group

PubMed Central

Gobburu, Jogarao; O’Barr, Stephen; Shah, Kumar; Huber, Jason; Weiner, Daniel

2013-01-01

Despite pharma's recent sea change in approach to drug discovery and development, U.S. pharmaceutical sciences graduate programs are currently maintaining traditional methods for master's and doctoral student education. The literature on graduate education in the biomedical sciences has long been advocating educating students to hone soft skills like communication and teamwork, in addition to maintaining excellent basic skills in research. However, recommendations to date have not taken into account the future trends in the pharmaceutical industry. The AACP Graduate Education Special Interest Group has completed a literature survey of the trends in the pharmaceutical industry and graduate education in order to determine whether our graduate programs are strategically positioned to prepare our graduates for successful careers in the next few decades. We recommend that our pharmaceutical sciences graduate programs take a proactive leadership role in meeting the needs of our future graduates and employers. Our graduate programs should bring to education the innovation and collaboration that our industry also requires to be successful and relevant in this century. PMID:23716757

The future of the pharmaceutical sciences and graduate education: recommendations from the AACP Graduate Education Special Interest Group.

PubMed

Wu-Pong, Susanna; Gobburu, Jogarao; O'Barr, Stephen; Shah, Kumar; Huber, Jason; Weiner, Daniel

2013-05-13

Despite pharma's recent sea change in approach to drug discovery and development, U.S. pharmaceutical sciences graduate programs are currently maintaining traditional methods for master's and doctoral student education. The literature on graduate education in the biomedical sciences has long been advocating educating students to hone soft skills like communication and teamwork, in addition to maintaining excellent basic skills in research. However, recommendations to date have not taken into account the future trends in the pharmaceutical industry. The AACP Graduate Education Special Interest Group has completed a literature survey of the trends in the pharmaceutical industry and graduate education in order to determine whether our graduate programs are strategically positioned to prepare our graduates for successful careers in the next few decades. We recommend that our pharmaceutical sciences graduate programs take a proactive leadership role in meeting the needs of our future graduates and employers. Our graduate programs should bring to education the innovation and collaboration that our industry also requires to be successful and relevant in this century.

Cognitive Task Analysis of the HALIFAX-Class Operations Room Officer: Data Sheets. Annexes

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-03-10

Image Cover Sheet CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM NUMBER 510920 UNCLASSIFIED 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111 TITLE ANNEXES TO: COGNITIVE TASK ANALYSIS OF...1999 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED 00-00-1999 to 00-00-1999 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Annexes to: Cognitive Task Analysis of the HALIFAX-Class...by ANSI Std Z39-18 Guelph, Ontario .H U. M A N S X S T E M S Incorporated Annexes to: Cognitive Task Analysis of the HALIFAX-Class Operations

Elevation and plan of east side entrance. San Bernardino Valley ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Elevation and plan of east side entrance. San Bernardino Valley Union Junior College, Library Building. Also includes sections II and SS of entrance hall; and a stress diagram of steel truss. Howard E. Jones, Architect, San Bernardino, California. Sheet 7, job no. 315. Scale 1/2 inch to the foot. No date given on sheet (probably March or April, 1927). - San Bernardino Valley College, Library, 701 South Mount Vernon Avenue, San Bernardino, San Bernardino County, CA

Two-dimensional boron: Lightest catalyst for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reaction

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mir, Showkat H.; Chakraborty, Sudip, E-mail: sudiphys@gmail.com, E-mail: prakash.jha@cug.ac.in; Wärnå, John

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) have been envisaged on a two-dimensional (2D) boron sheet through electronic structure calculations based on a density functional theory framework. To date, boron sheets are the lightest 2D material and, therefore, exploring the catalytic activity of such a monolayer system would be quite intuitive both from fundamental and application perspectives. We have functionalized the boron sheet (BS) with different elemental dopants like carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, sulphur, and lithium and determined the adsorption energy for each case while hydrogen and oxygen are on top of the doping site of themore » boron sheet. The free energy calculated from the individual adsorption energy for each functionalized BS subsequently guides us to predict which case of functionalization serves better for the HER or the OER.« less

Follow-on biologics: competition in the biopharmaceutical marketplace.

PubMed

Devine, Joshua W; Cline, Richard R; Farley, Joel F

2006-01-01

To describe the implications of a follow-on biologic approval process with focus on current stakeholders, implications of the status quo, and recommendations for future policy. A search using Medline, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Med Ad News, F-D-C Reports/Pink Sheets, and Google index directories was conducted with terms such as biologic, biopharmaceutical, generic, and follow-on. Articles pertaining to the follow-on biologic debate. By the authors. Over the past decade, the biopharmaceutical market has experienced substantial growth in the number of product approvals and sales. In contrast with prescription medications, biologic agents currently lack an abbreviated regulatory approval process. Evidence from the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984 suggests that reducing barriers to generic competition in the pharmaceutical market successfully increases generic market penetration and reduces overall prices to consumers. Although scientific and regulatory dissimilarities between biopharmaceuticals and other medications exist, a follow-on biologic approval process has the potential to play an important role in containing growth in pharmaceutical spending. In addition to biopharmaceutical and generic biopharmaceutical manufacturers, stakeholders with a vested interest in this debate include individual consumers who continue to bear the burden of spending increases in the pharmaceutical market. The debate over a follow-on process likely will be difficult as parties seek a balance between incentives for biopharmaceutical innovation, consumer safety, and affordability of existing biologic products.

8. Copy of construction drawing, dated May 28, 1974, Selfridge ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. Copy of construction drawing, dated May 28, 1974, Selfridge ANG Base, Civil Engineering, in possession of Selfridge Base Museum, Mt. Clemens, Michigan. CONVERSION/ALTERATION OF EXISTING HEATING PLANTS, MECHANICAL, DEMOLITION, BUILDING 122, PLAN NO. SLF 140-108, SHEETS 12, 13, 14, 15 OF 29. - Selfridge Field, Building No. 122, North of Wilbur Wright Boulevard between Walnut & Birch Streets, Mount Clemens, Macomb County, MI

5. Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated April 4, 1942, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. Photographic copy of construction drawing, dated April 4, 1942, War Department Office of the Chief of Engineers Construction Division, Washington, D.C., in possession of Selfridge Base Museum, Mt. Clemens, Michigan. ARCHITECTURAL AND ELECTRICAL, ELEVATIONS AND PLAN, SHEET 1 OF 2, DRAWING 38-1-5B. - Selfridge Field, Building No. 30, Wright Boulevard opposite Birch Street, Mount Clemens, Macomb County, MI

415. Delineator Unknown Date Unknown STATE OF CALIFORNIA; DEPARTMENT OF ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

415. Delineator Unknown Date Unknown STATE OF CALIFORNIA; DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS; DIVISION OF SAN FRANCISCO BAY TOLL CROSSINGS; SAN FRANCISCO OAKLAND BAY BRIDGE RECONSTRUCTION; STEEL WORK - WEST BAY; Y.B. ANCHORAGE - FLOOR BEAMS YA-5 AND BENT 3; SHEET NO. 22; DRAWING NO. C-4028-22R - San Francisco Oakland Bay Bridge, Spanning San Francisco Bay, San Francisco, San Francisco County, CA

Graphene saturable absorber mirror for ultra-fast-pulse solid-state laser.

PubMed

Xu, Jin-Long; Li, Xian-Lei; Wu, Yong-Zhong; Hao, Xiao-Peng; He, Jing-Liang; Yang, Ke-Jian

2011-05-15

High-quality graphene sheets with lateral size over 20 μm have been obtained by bath sonicating after subjecting the wormlike graphite marginally to mixed oxidizer. To date, to our knowledge, they are the largest graphene sheets prepared by exfoliation in the liquid phase. A saturable absorber mirror was fabricated based on these sheets. We exploited it to realize mode-locking operation in a diode-pumped Nd:GdVO(4) laser. A pulse duration of 16 ps was produced with an average power of 360 mW and a highest pulse energy of 8.4 nJ for a graphene mode-locked laser. © 2011 Optical Society of America

78 FR 2288 - Notice of Determinations Regarding Eligibility To Apply for Worker Adjustment Assistance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-10

... Corporation-Taiwan. 82,175 Philips Healthcare, MRI, Highland Heights, OH.. November 16, 2011. Adecco. 82,186... one certification at a time. TA-W No. Subject firm Location Impact date 81,996 Novartis Pharmaceutical...

Are regional hospital pharmacies prepared for public health emergencies?

PubMed

Hsu, Edbert B; Casani, Julie A; Romanosky, Al; Millin, Michael G; Singleton, Christa M; Donohue, John; Feroli, E Robert; Rubin, Melvin; Subbarao, Italo; Whyne, Dianne M; Snodgrass, Thomas D; Kelen, Gabor D

2006-01-01

In the event of a major chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, or explosive (CBRNE) attack or a natural disaster, large quantities of pharmaceuticals and medical supplies may be required with little or no warning. Pharmaceutical surge capacity for immediate response, before Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) supplies become available, remains a significant gap in emergency preparedness. To date, limited attempts have been made to assess collective regional hospital pharmaceutical response capabilities. In this project, we characterized the level of hospital pharmaceutical response preparedness in a major metropolitan region. The Johns Hopkins Office of Critical Event Preparedness and Response (CEPAR) convened a collaborative partnership to assess hospital pharmaceutical response capabilities. A survey was developed to characterize pharmaceutical response preparedness to CBRNE threats. All 22 acute care hospitals in the Maryland region were sent pharmaceutical response surveys, and responses were received from 86% (19/22). Within the past year, 84% (16/19) of hospitals had implemented an exercise with pharmacy participation. More than half of the hospitals expect to receive assistance from the SNS in 48 hours or less. Seventy-four percent (14/19) of the hospitals reported an additional dedicated reserve supply for biological events, 74% (14/19) for chemical events, and 58% (11/19) for radiological events. Many hospitals in this metropolitan region have taken important steps toward enhancing pharmaceutical preparedness. However, hospitals generally remain underprepared for CBRNE threats and collectively have limited supplies of antibiotics to provide prophylaxis or treatment for hospital staff, their families, and patients in the event of a significant biological incident.

46 CFR 160.061-1 - Applicable specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Applicable specifications. (a) The following specifications, of the issue in effect on the date emergency..., fiber, hard sheet. CCC-F-451—Flannel, canton. (2) Military specifications: MIL-H-2846—Hooks, fish, steel...

46 CFR 160.061-1 - Applicable specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Applicable specifications. (a) The following specifications, of the issue in effect on the date emergency..., fiber, hard sheet. CCC-F-451—Flannel, canton. (2) Military specifications: MIL-H-2846—Hooks, fish, steel...

46 CFR 160.061-1 - Applicable specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Applicable specifications. (a) The following specifications, of the issue in effect on the date emergency..., fiber, hard sheet. CCC-F-451—Flannel, canton. (2) Military specifications: MIL-H-2846—Hooks, fish, steel...

14. UPPER SHOES, FIXED SHOES, ROLLER SHOES, CENTER WEB, AND ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

14. UPPER SHOES, FIXED SHOES, ROLLER SHOES, CENTER WEB, AND ROLLER BED PLATES. (Also includes a sheet index and a schedule of parts). American Bridge Company, Ambridge Plant No. 5, sheet no. 4, dated April 7, 1928, order no. F5073. For U.S. Steel Products Company, Pacific Coast Depot, order no. SF578. For Southern Pacific Company, order no. 8873-P-28746. various scales. - Napa River Railroad Bridge, Spanning Napa River, east of Soscol Avenue, Napa, Napa County, CA

27. "SITE PLAN." Specifications No. OC15775, Drawing No. AF600915, sheet ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

27. "SITE PLAN." Specifications No. OC1-57-75, Drawing No. AF-60-09-15, sheet 1 of 96, D.O. Series No. AF 1394/20, Rev. B. Stamped: RECORD DRAWING - AS CONSTRUCTED. Below stamp: Contract no. 5296 Rev. B, Date: 11/17/59. Site plan of 20,000-foot track, including construction phasing notes. - Edwards Air Force Base, South Base Sled Track, Edwards Air Force Base, North of Avenue B, between 100th & 140th Streets East, Lancaster, Los Angeles County, CA

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 142

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Johnson, T. D.; Symochko, D.; Fadil, M.; Tuli, J. K.

2011-08-01

The 2000 Nuclear Data Sheets for A=142 by J. K. Tuli, with literature cutoff date of February 4, 2000, has been revised. The evaluated experimental data are presented for 16 known nuclides of mass 142 (Ba, Ce, Cs, Dy, Eu, Gd, Ho, I, La, Nd, Pm, Pr, Sm, Tb, Te, Xe). Comparing to the previous evaluation (2000Tu01) significant changes were done to the level schemes of Gd, Cs, Ce and Nd. For all nuclides, the more recent Q values have been added.

Nuclear Data Sheets for A-142

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Johnson, T.D.; Johnson,T.D.; Symochko,D.

The 2000 Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 142 by J. K. Tuli, with literature cutoff date of February 4, 2000, has been revised. The evaluated experimental data are presented for 16 known nuclides of mass 142 (Ba, Ce, Cs, Dy, Eu, Gd, Ho, I, La, Nd, Pm, Pr, Sm, Tb, Te, Xe). Comparing to the previous evaluation (2000Tu01) significant changes were done to the level schemes of Gd, Cs, Ce and Nd. For all nuclides, the more recent Q values have been added.

Bioreactor Steroid Production and Analysis of Date Palm Embryogenic Callus.

PubMed

El-Sharabasy, Sherif; El-Dawayati, Maiada

2017-01-01

Several compounds and families of compounds of date palm secondary metabolites have been investigated. The analysis of date palm tissue has shown the abundance of secondary metabolites including phytosterols, e.g., steroids, an important group of pharmaceutical compounds. Biotechnology offers the opportunity to utilize cells, tissues, and organs grown in vitro and manipulated to obtain desired compounds. This chapter presents a protocol for the production, determination, and identification of steroids in date palm callus tissue. The addition of 0.01 mg/L pyruvic acid as a precursor to MS liquid culture medium enhances steroid production. In addition, the chapter describes the sterol analytical techniques based on gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Ice-flow reorganization in West Antarctica 2.5 kyr ago dated using radar-derived englacial flow velocities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kingslake, Jonathan; Martín, Carlos; Arthern, Robert J.; Corr, Hugh F. J.; King, Edward C.

2016-09-01

We date a recent ice-flow reorganization of an ice divide in the Weddell Sea Sector, West Antarctica, using a novel combination of inverse methods and ice-penetrating radars. We invert for two-dimensional ice flow within an ice divide from data collected with a phase-sensitive ice-penetrating radar while accounting for the effect of firn on radar propagation and ice flow. By comparing isochronal layers simulated using radar-derived flow velocities with internal layers observed with an impulse radar, we show that the divide's internal structure is not in a steady state but underwent a disturbance, potentially implying a regional ice-flow reorganization, 2.5 (1.8-2.9) kyr B.P. Our data are consistent with slow ice flow in this location before the reorganization and the ice divide subsequently remaining stationary. These findings increase our knowledge of the glacial history of a region that lacks dated constraints on late-Holocene ice-sheet retreat and provides a key target for models that reconstruct and predict ice-sheet behavior.

Stability of Acetazolamide, Baclofen, Dipyridamole, Mebeverine Hydrochloride, Propylthiouracil, Quinidine Sulfate, and Topiramate Oral Suspensions in SyrSpend SF PH4.

PubMed

Ferreira, Anderson de Oliveira; Polonini, Hudson; da Silva, Sharlene Loures; Aglio, Natália Cristina Buzinari; Abreu, Jordana; Fernandes, Brandão Marcos Antônio

2017-01-01

The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of 7 commonly used active pharmaceutical ingredients compounded in oral suspensions using an internationally used suspending vehicle (SyrSpend SF PH4): acetazolamide 25.0 mg/mL, baclofen 10.0 mg/mL, dipyridamole 10.0 mg/mL, mebeverine hydrochloride 10.0 mg/mL, propylthiouracil 5.0 mg/mL, quinidine sulfate 10.0 mg/mL, and topiramate 5.0 mg/mL. All suspensions were stored both at controlled refrigerated (2°C to 8°C) and room temperature (20°C to 25°C). Stability was assessed by measuring the percentage recovery at varying time points throughout a 90-day period. Active pharmaceutical ingredient quantification was performed by ultraviolet (UV) high-performance liquid chromatography, via a stability-indicating method. Given the percentage of recovery of the active pharmaceutical ingredients within the suspensions, the beyond-use date of the final products (active pharmaceutical ingredient + vehicle) was at least 90 days for all suspensions with regards to both temperatures. This suggests that SyrSpend SF PH4 is suitable for compounding active pharmaceutical ingredients from different pharmacological classes. Copyright© by International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding, Inc.

Data-mining for sulfur and fluorine: an evaluation of pharmaceuticals to reveal opportunities for drug design and discovery.

PubMed

Ilardi, Elizabeth A; Vitaku, Edon; Njardarson, Jon T

2014-04-10

Among carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, sulfur and fluorine are both leading constituents of the pharmaceuticals that comprise our medicinal history. In efforts to stimulate the minds of both the general public and expert scientist, statistics were collected from the trends associated with therapeutics spanning 12 disease categories (a total of 1969 drugs) from our new graphical montage compilation: disease focused pharmaceuticals posters. Each poster is a vibrant display of a collection of pharmaceuticals (including structural image, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval date, international nonproprietary name (INN), initial market name, and a color-coded subclass of function) organized chronologically and classified according to an association with a particular clinical indication. Specifically, the evolution and structural diversity of sulfur and the popular integration of fluorine into drugs introduced over the past 50 years are evaluated. The presented qualitative conclusions in this article aim to promote innovative insights into drug development.

Date Fruits-Assisted Synthesis and Biocompatibility Assessment of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles Anchored onto Graphene Sheets for Biomedical Applications.

PubMed

Alshatwi, Ali A; Athinarayanan, Jegan; Periasamy, Vaiyapuri Subbarayan; Alatiah, Khalid A

2017-02-01

Nanographene- and graphene-based nanohybrids have garnered attention in the biomedical community owing to their biocompatibility, excellent aqueous processability, ease of cellular uptake, facile surface functionalization, and thermal and electrical conductivities. NiO nanoparticle-graphene nanohybrid (G-NiO) was synthesized by first depositing Ni(OH) 2 onto the surface of graphene oxide (GO) sheets. The Ni(OH) 2 -GO hybrids were then reduced to G-NiO using date palm syrup at 85 °C. The prepared G-NiO nanohybrids were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The NiO nanoparticles, with a diameter of approximately 20-30 nm, were uniformly dispersed over the surface of the graphene sheets. The G-NiO hybrids exhibit biocompatibility in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) up to 100 μg/mL. The nanohybrids do not cause any significant changes in cellular and nuclear morphologies in hMSCs. The as-synthesized nanohybrids show excellent biocompatibility and could be a promising material for biomedical applications.

Dating Antarctic ice sheet collapse: Proposing a molecular genetic approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Strugnell, Jan M.; Pedro, Joel B.; Wilson, Nerida G.

2018-01-01

Sea levels at the end of this century are projected to be 0.26-0.98 m higher than today. The upper end of this range, and even higher estimates, cannot be ruled out because of major uncertainties in the dynamic response of polar ice sheets to a warming climate. Here, we propose an ecological genetics approach that can provide insight into the past stability and configuration of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS). We propose independent testing of the hypothesis that a trans-Antarctic seaway occurred at the last interglacial. Examination of the genomic signatures of bottom-dwelling marine species using the latest methods can provide an independent window into the integrity of the WAIS more than 100,000 years ago. Periods of connectivity facilitated by trans-Antarctic seaways could be revealed by dating coalescent events recorded in DNA. These methods allow alternative scenarios to be tested against a fit to genomic data. Ideal candidate taxa for this work would need to possess a circumpolar distribution, a benthic habitat, and some level of genetic structure indicated by phylogeographical investigation. The purpose of this perspective piece is to set out an ecological genetics method to help resolve when the West Antarctic Ice Shelf last collapsed.

Contaminants of emerging concern in surface waters in Barbados, West Indies.

PubMed

Edwards, Quincy A; Kulikov, Sergei M; Garner-O'Neale, Leah D; Metcalfe, Chris D; Sultana, Tamanna

2017-11-14

Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), including pharmaceuticals, artificial sweeteners, steroid hormones, and current-use pesticides have been detected in surface waters around the world, but to date, there have been no reports in the peer-reviewed literature on the levels of these classes of contaminants in freshwater resources in the Caribbean region. In the present study, multi-residue solid phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) were used to analyze grab samples of surface waters collected from five different watersheds in Barbados, West Indies. The artificial sweeteners (AS), acesulfame, cyclamate, saccharin, and sucralose were widely detected in the watersheds, indicating contamination from domestic wastewater, and the concentrations of these chemical tracers in water were correlated with the concentrations of the non-prescription pharmaceutical, ibuprofen (R 2 values of 0.4-0.6). Surprisingly, the concentrations of another chemical tracer of domestic wastewater, caffeine were not correlated with ibuprofen or AS concentrations. Several other prescription pharmaceuticals and the steroid hormones, estrone and androstenedione, were detected in selected watersheds at low ng/L concentrations. The fungicide, chlorothalonil was widely detected in surface waters at low (< 10 ng/L) concentrations, but the levels of this pesticide were not correlated with the concentrations of the other target analytes, indicating that the source of this pesticide is not domestic wastewater. An informal survey of disposal practices for out of date or unused drugs by pharmacies in Barbados indicated that disposal into trash destined for the landfill and flushing down the sink might be significant sources of contamination of water resources by pharmaceuticals.

Limited Influence of Excipients in Extemporaneous Compounded Suspensions

PubMed Central

Dijkers, Eli; Nanhekhan, Valerie; Thorissen, Astrid; Marro, Diego; Uriel, Marta

2017-01-01

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify whether compounding oral suspensions with SyrSpend SF based on tablets or capsules is a suitable alternative for using raw pharmaceutical materials. Methods: Suspensions based on 5 different tablets and capsules were studied in SyrSpend SF. The summary of product characteristics of these different tablets and capsules were obtained from the manufacturer. Our hypothesis was that, if the maximum beyond-use date of the study was reached, the excipient did not seem to have an influence on the stability of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) within the studied time frame. Results: All excipients used in flecainide acetate, labetalol HCl, and tiagabine HCl tablets as well as in celecoxib and oseltamivir capsules did not seem to influence the beyond-use date of the overall suspension based on SyrSpend SF. Conclusion: Although using raw materials as API sources is preferred, oral suspensions with SyrSpend SF prepared from crushed tablets or opened capsules could be a possible alternative. Based on this study, a wide range of different excipients does not seem to impact the beyond-use date of different APIs compounded in SyrSpend SF. PMID:29276267

Limited Influence of Excipients in Extemporaneous Compounded Suspensions.

PubMed

Dijkers, Eli; Nanhekhan, Valerie; Thorissen, Astrid; Marro, Diego; Uriel, Marta

2017-06-01

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify whether compounding oral suspensions with SyrSpend SF based on tablets or capsules is a suitable alternative for using raw pharmaceutical materials. Methods: Suspensions based on 5 different tablets and capsules were studied in SyrSpend SF. The summary of product characteristics of these different tablets and capsules were obtained from the manufacturer. Our hypothesis was that, if the maximum beyond-use date of the study was reached, the excipient did not seem to have an influence on the stability of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) within the studied time frame. Results: All excipients used in flecainide acetate, labetalol HCl, and tiagabine HCl tablets as well as in celecoxib and oseltamivir capsules did not seem to influence the beyond-use date of the overall suspension based on SyrSpend SF. Conclusion: Although using raw materials as API sources is preferred, oral suspensions with SyrSpend SF prepared from crushed tablets or opened capsules could be a possible alternative. Based on this study, a wide range of different excipients does not seem to impact the beyond-use date of different APIs compounded in SyrSpend SF.

Preparation using pectinase and characterization of nanofibers from orange peel waste in juice factories.

PubMed

Hideno, Akihiro; Abe, Kentaro; Yano, Hiroyuki

2014-06-01

This study reports the preparation and characterization of nanofibers consisting mainly of cellulose microfibrils from orange peel (OP), which is a significant byproduct of orange juice production. Three treatments (boiling, alkaline, and pectinase) were investigated with and without subsequent grinding treatment. It was possible to prepare the cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) using these methods, except for the boiling treatment with grinding. Interestingly, only pectinase and a mild-physical blender treatment without grinding produced nanofibers. The width of the nanofibers from OP was approximately 10 to 50 nm. The microfibril bundles of OP were considered to be thinner than those of commercial CNFs. Our data indicated that the removal of pectic polysaccharides and hemicelluloses covering the cellulose microfibrils was important for the preparation of nanofibers from OP. These nanofibers from OP using pectinase are proposed to be applicable as food materials, pharmaceuticals, and filters for the tractive characteristics of the sheet. This study demonstrates: (1) it was possible to prepare the nanofibers from orange peel using pectinase and (2) the width of the nanofibers from orange peel was approximately 10 to 50 nm. (3) Removal of polysaccharides such as pectin and hemicelluloses covering cellulose microfibrils was very important for preparation of nanofibers from OP. Considering the tractive characteristics of the sheets from nanofibers and the origin of orange peel, they are suitable for application of food materials, pharmaceuticals, and filters. © 2014 Institute of Food Technologists®

Climate Change and Health

MedlinePlus

... Home / News / Fact sheets / Detail WHO /A. Craggs Climate change and health 1 February 2018 ","datePublished":"2018-02- ... in improved health, particularly through reduced air pollution. Climate change Over the last 50 years, human activities – particularly ...

7 CFR 1205.518 - Receipts for payment of assessments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... invoice or settlement sheet for the cotton. Such document shall serve as a receipt shall contain the... producer. (g) Date on which assessment was paid by producer. (Approved by the Office of Management and...

59. Photocopy of Architectural Layout drawing, dated 25 June, 1993 ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

59. Photocopy of Architectural Layout drawing, dated 25 June, 1993 by US Air Force Space Command. Original drawing property of United States Air Force, 21" Space Command. AL-6 PAVE PAWS SUPPORT SYSTEMS - CAPE COD AFB, MASSACHUSETTS - LAYOUT 4-A, 5TH & 5-A. DRAWING NO. AL-6 - SHEET 7 OF 21. - Cape Cod Air Station, Technical Facility-Scanner Building & Power Plant, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Sandwich, Barnstable County, MA

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Shipyard MACT Implementation Plan and Compliance Tools

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-06-01

display a currently valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE JUN 1996 2. REPORT TYPE N/A 3. DATES COVERED - 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE The National...ACHIEVABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY SECTION TWO: MODEL SHIPYARD IMPLEMENTATION PLAN SECTION THREE: THINNING RATION CALCULATION SHEETS FOR OPTIONS 2 & 3 AND...INTERPRETATION OF THE SHIPYARD MAXIMUM ACHIEVABLE CONTROL TECHNOLOGY EPA’s Maximum Achievable Control Technology Rule for Shipyards: A Plain English

Clinical Investigation Program

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-09-30

with Subretinal Hemorrhage: A Case Report. Ann Ophthalmol, 22:259-262, 1990. Walton WT, Enzenauer RW: " Nutritional Disease" in Levin AV, Enzenauer RW...adequate means of maintaining nutritional status. Publications and Presentations: None. 1 135 FAMC A.P.R. (RCS MED 300) Detail Summary Sheet (HSCR 40-23 as...4) Title: The Effect of Liposucticn on Myocutaneous Flaps in the Yucatan Micro Pig (5) Start Date: (6) Est Compl Date: (7) Principal Investigator: (8

48. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated August 1927, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

48. Photograph of an original construction drawing, dated August 1927, in the possession of Facilities Planning Office, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. ELEVATIONS CROSS SECTIONS THROUGH COURTYARD SHOWING EAST ELEVATION OF FRONT (WEST) PORTION OF BUILDING, SOUTH ELEVATION OF NORTH WING, NORTH ELEVATION OF SOUTH WING, PLOT PLAN, AND DETAILS; SHEET NO. 6 OF 10 - Dairy Industry Building, Iowa State University campus, Ames, Story County, IA

Dynamics, rate and nature of retreat of the British Irish Ice-Sheet offshore of NW Ireland following the Last Glacial Maximum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weilbach, K.; O'Cofaigh, C.; Lloyd, J. M.; Benetti, S.; Dunlop, P.

2016-12-01

Recent studies of the British and Irish Ice Sheet (BIIS) have identified evidence of ice extending to the continental shelf edge along the western margin of the ice sheet off NW Ireland. While this advance is assumed to have occurred during the LGM, exact timing of maximum advance, and the timing and nature of the subsequent retreat is not well constrained. The location of the north-western sector of the BIIS adjacent to the North Atlantic makes this area ideal to study the ice sheet dynamics of a major marine terminating ice sheet, and the rate and nature of its retreat following the LGM. High resolution swath bathymetry and sub-bottom profiler (SBP) data along with sedimentological, micropalaeontological and geochronological investigations of sediment cores, collected across the NW Irish shelf, have been used to establish the extent, timing and nature of retreat of this sector of the BIIS. Swath bathymetry show glacial landforms on the shelf, and SBP-data along with twenty seven vibro-cores were collected in east-west oriented transects across a series of arcuate recessional moraines stretching from the shelf edge to Donegal Bay. These moraines record progressive still stands of a lobate ice margin during its retreat from the shelf edge, and are therefore ideal for the investigation of ice-sheet dynamics and chronology during retreat. Twenty two radiocarbon dates from foraminifera and macrofossils, sampled from the sediment cores, indicate that maximum ice sheet extent occurred around 26200 y cal BP, with an initial rapid retreat across the shelf. Visual logging, X-ray imagery, MSCL data and palaeoenvironmental analyses of the sediment cores, indicate that retreat happened in a glacimarine environment, and was punctuated by multiple stillstands and possible readvances across the mid and inner shelf, forming the arcuate moraines. The radiocarbon dates suggest that final retreat occurred after 17857 y. cal BP, which is consistent with onshore cosmogenic exposure ages from NW Ireland, showing de-glaciation around 17400 y cal BP.

Novel methodology for pharmaceutical expenditure forecast

PubMed Central

Vataire, Anne-Lise; Cetinsoy, Laurent; Aballéa, Samuel; Rémuzat, Cécile; Urbinati, Duccio; Kornfeld, Åsa; Mzoughi, Olfa; Toumi, Mondher

2014-01-01

Background and objective The value appreciation of new drugs across countries today features a disruption that is making the historical data that are used for forecasting pharmaceutical expenditure poorly reliable. Forecasting methods rarely addressed uncertainty. The objective of this project was to propose a methodology to perform pharmaceutical expenditure forecasting that integrates expected policy changes and uncertainty (developed for the European Commission as the ‘EU Pharmaceutical expenditure forecast’; see http://ec.europa.eu/health/healthcare/key_documents/index_en.htm). Methods 1) Identification of all pharmaceuticals going off-patent and new branded medicinal products over a 5-year forecasting period in seven European Union (EU) Member States. 2) Development of a model to estimate direct and indirect impacts (based on health policies and clinical experts) on savings of generics and biosimilars. Inputs were originator sales value, patent expiry date, time to launch after marketing authorization, price discount, penetration rate, time to peak sales, and impact on brand price. 3) Development of a model for new drugs, which estimated sales progression in a competitive environment. Clinical expected benefits as well as commercial potential were assessed for each product by clinical experts. Inputs were development phase, marketing authorization dates, orphan condition, market size, and competitors. 4) Separate analysis of the budget impact of products going off-patent and new drugs according to several perspectives, distribution chains, and outcomes. 5) Addressing uncertainty surrounding estimations via deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Results This methodology has proven to be effective by 1) identifying the main parameters impacting the variations in pharmaceutical expenditure forecasting across countries: generics discounts and penetration, brand price after patent loss, reimbursement rate, the penetration of biosimilars and discount price, distribution chains, and the time to reach peak sales for new drugs; 2) estimating the statistical distribution of the budget impact; and 3) testing different pricing and reimbursement policy decisions on health expenditures. Conclusions This methodology was independent of historical data and appeared to be highly flexible and adapted to test robustness and provide probabilistic analysis to support policy decision making. PMID:27226843

Retreat of the Coalescent Greenland and Innuitian Ice Sheets from Nares Strait

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jennings, A. E.; Bailey, E.; Oliver, B.; Andrews, J. T.; Prins, M. A.; Troelstra, S.; Stoner, J. S.; Reilly, B. T.; Davies-Walczak, M.; Mix, A. C.

2015-12-01

Nares Strait, which forms one of the main connections between the Arctic Ocean and Baffin Bay was blocked by coalescent Innuitian and Greenland ice sheets during the LGM. Nares Strait opened ca. 9000 cal ka BP when the connection between the two ice sheets was finally severed. Our research focuses on the events and processes leading up to the opening of the strait and the response of the glacier and marine systems to establishment of the throughflow. The study at present involves new analysis of two sediment cores: 2001LSSL-163PC from Smith Sound, at the southern end of Nares Strait, and 2001LSSL-079PC from the mouth of Petermann Fjord at the northern end of the strait. X-radiography and core photographs were studied to establish basic lithofacies and stratigraphy. Foraminiferal faunas provide insight into changes in ice margin proximity, Atlantic Water advection and sea-ice conditions and are used to develop the radiocarbon chronologies. Quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis of bulk sediments aids in determining sediment provenance and the establishment of a north to south connection. Grain size analysis allows sediment processes and sedimentary environments, such as iceberg rafting, current deposition, and sub ice-shelf deposition to be evaluated. A radiocarbon date of >50 kyr was obtained from foraminifera in an overconsolidated, gray diamicton in core 163PC. The diamicton is overlain by a red deglacial sequence of barren laminated sediments followed by gray pebbly mud. Two radiocarbon dates submitted from near the base of the pebbly mud constrain the timing of ice retreat from Smith Sound. The chronology of core 079PC indicates that it captures the opening of Nares Strait, but 4 submitted radiocarbon dates will further constrain its chronology. The goal of the work on these two cores is to lay a framework for extensive marine fieldwork to study ice sheet-ocean interactions in the Petermann Glacier in late summer 2015.

Ages, distributions, and origins of upland coastal dune sheets in Oregon, USA

USGS Publications Warehouse

Peterson, C.D.; Stock, E.; Price, D.M.; Hart, R.; Reckendorf, F.; Erlandson, J.M.; Hostetler, S.W.

2007-01-01

A total of ten upland dune sheets, totaling 245??km in combined length, have been investigated for their origin(s) along the Oregon coast (500??km in length). The ages of dune emplacement range from 0.1 to 103??ka based on radiocarbon (36 samples) and luminescence (46 samples) dating techniques. The majority of the emplacement dates fall into two periods of late-Pleistocene age (11-103??ka) and mid-late-Holocene age (0.1-8??ka) that correspond to marine low-stand and marine high-stand conditions, respectively. The distribution of both the late-Pleistocene dune sheets (516??km2 total surface area) and the late-Holocene dune sheets (184??km2) are concentrated (90% of total surface area) along a 100??km coastal reach of the south-central Oregon coast. This coastal reach lies directly landward of a major bight (Heceta-Perpetua-Stonewall Banks) on the continental shelf, at depths of 30-200??m below present mean sea level (MSL). The banks served to trap northward littoral drift during most of the late-Pleistocene conditions of lowered sea level (- 50 ?? 20??m MSL). The emerged inner-shelf permitted cross-shelf, eolian sand transport (10-50??km distance) by onshore winds. The depocenter sand deposits were reworked by the Holocene marine transgression and carried landward by asymmetric wave transport during early- to mid-Holocene time. The earliest dated onset of Holocene dune accretion occurred at 8??ka in the central Oregon coast. A northward migration of Northeast Pacific storm tracks to the latitude of the shelf depocenter (Stonewall, Perpetua, Heceta Banks) in Holocene time resulted in eastward wave transport from the offshore depocenter. The complex interplay of coastal morphology, paleosea-level, and paleoclimate yielded the observed peak distribution of beach and dune sand observed along the south-central Oregon coast. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

American mastodon extirpation in the Arctic and Subarctic predates human colonization and terminal Pleistocene climate change.

PubMed

Zazula, Grant D; MacPhee, Ross D E; Metcalfe, Jessica Z; Reyes, Alberto V; Brock, Fiona; Druckenmiller, Patrick S; Groves, Pamela; Harington, C Richard; Hodgins, Gregory W L; Kunz, Michael L; Longstaffe, Fred J; Mann, Daniel H; McDonald, H Gregory; Nalawade-Chavan, Shweta; Southon, John R

2014-12-30

Existing radiocarbon ((14)C) dates on American mastodon (Mammut americanum) fossils from eastern Beringia (Alaska and Yukon) have been interpreted as evidence they inhabited the Arctic and Subarctic during Pleistocene full-glacial times (∼ 18,000 (14)C years B.P.). However, this chronology is inconsistent with inferred habitat preferences of mastodons and correlative paleoecological evidence. To establish a last appearance date (LAD) for M. americanum regionally, we obtained 53 new (14)C dates on 36 fossils, including specimens with previously published dates. Using collagen ultrafiltration and single amino acid (hydroxyproline) methods, these specimens consistently date to beyond or near the ∼ 50,000 y B.P. limit of (14)C dating. Some erroneously "young" (14)C dates are due to contamination by exogenous carbon from natural sources and conservation treatments used in museums. We suggest mastodons inhabited the high latitudes only during warm intervals, particularly the Last Interglacial [Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5] when boreal forests existed regionally. Our (14)C dataset suggests that mastodons were extirpated from eastern Beringia during the MIS 4 glacial interval (∼ 75,000 y ago), following the ecological shift from boreal forest to steppe tundra. Mastodons thereafter became restricted to areas south of the continental ice sheets, where they suffered complete extinction ∼ 10,000 (14)C years B.P. Mastodons were already absent from eastern Beringia several tens of millennia before the first humans crossed the Bering Isthmus or the onset of climate changes during the terminal Pleistocene. Local extirpations of mastodons and other megafaunal populations in eastern Beringia were asynchrononous and independent of their final extinction south of the continental ice sheets.

American mastodon extirpation in the Arctic and Subarctic predates human colonization and terminal Pleistocene climate change

PubMed Central

Zazula, Grant D.; MacPhee, Ross D. E.; Metcalfe, Jessica Z.; Reyes, Alberto V.; Brock, Fiona; Druckenmiller, Patrick S.; Groves, Pamela; Harington, C. Richard; Hodgins, Gregory W. L.; Kunz, Michael L.; Longstaffe, Fred J.; Mann, Daniel H.; McDonald, H. Gregory; Nalawade-Chavan, Shweta; Southon, John R.

2014-01-01

Existing radiocarbon (14C) dates on American mastodon (Mammut americanum) fossils from eastern Beringia (Alaska and Yukon) have been interpreted as evidence they inhabited the Arctic and Subarctic during Pleistocene full-glacial times (∼18,000 14C years B.P.). However, this chronology is inconsistent with inferred habitat preferences of mastodons and correlative paleoecological evidence. To establish a last appearance date (LAD) for M. americanum regionally, we obtained 53 new 14C dates on 36 fossils, including specimens with previously published dates. Using collagen ultrafiltration and single amino acid (hydroxyproline) methods, these specimens consistently date to beyond or near the ∼50,000 y B.P. limit of 14C dating. Some erroneously “young” 14C dates are due to contamination by exogenous carbon from natural sources and conservation treatments used in museums. We suggest mastodons inhabited the high latitudes only during warm intervals, particularly the Last Interglacial [Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5] when boreal forests existed regionally. Our 14C dataset suggests that mastodons were extirpated from eastern Beringia during the MIS 4 glacial interval (∼75,000 y ago), following the ecological shift from boreal forest to steppe tundra. Mastodons thereafter became restricted to areas south of the continental ice sheets, where they suffered complete extinction ∼10,000 14C years B.P. Mastodons were already absent from eastern Beringia several tens of millennia before the first humans crossed the Bering Isthmus or the onset of climate changes during the terminal Pleistocene. Local extirpations of mastodons and other megafaunal populations in eastern Beringia were asynchrononous and independent of their final extinction south of the continental ice sheets. PMID:25453065

76 FR 8777 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-15

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Drug Enforcement Administration Manufacturer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration By Notice dated October 19, 2010, and published in the Federal Register on October 26, 2010, 75 FR 65659, Cedarburg Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 870 Badger Circle, Grafton, Wisconsin 53024...

75 FR 32506 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-08

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Drug Enforcement Administration Manufacturer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration By Notice dated December 1, 2009, and published in the Federal Register on December 11, 2009 (74 FR 65789), Cedarburg Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 870 Badger Circle, Grafton, Wisconsin...

Biotechnology and Agriculture.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kenney, Martin

Even at this early date in the application of biotechnology to agriculture, it is clear that agriculture may provide the largest market for new or less expensive biotechnologically manufactured products. The chemical and pharmaceutical industries that hold important positions in agricultural inputs are consolidating their positions by purchasing…

Pharmaceuticals Safety Practices-A Comparative Pilot Study

PubMed Central

Tawfik, Kamilia A.; Jabeen, Arshia

2013-01-01

Introduction The safety of medicine is essential for the safety of patients. Inappropriate drug storage, expiration dates, sharing prescription drugs, self medication habits and misuse of some drugs are contributing factors affecting medication safety. One or more of these factors may lead to serious health complications and even death. Objectives The purpose of this study was to highlight the common errors and pharmaceutical malpractices that people usually engage in on a daily basis and to correlate these to culture, gender and educational levels. This may spread awareness in an easy and understandable manner and provide certain guidelines to drug consumers ensuring that pharmaceutical preparations are used correctly and safely. Methods Two hundred questionnaires were randomly distributed in two countries; Saudi Arabia and India. The collected data were statistically analyzed. Outcomes and conclusion Results showed that alarming percentages of various participants were using pharmaceuticals inappropriately due to carelessness, unawareness or intentional mistakes. Therefore, active participation by health care professionals is essential for the prevention of drug misuse. Increasing population awareness about self medication, products expiration, pharmaceuticals labels and optimum storage conditions would minimize the adverse effects and may even be life saving. PMID:24533025

7 CFR 52.1011 - Score sheet for dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946 PROCESSED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES, PROCESSED PRODUCTS THEREOF, AND CERTAIN OTHER...

76 FR 34223 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-13

.... Applicants: Jump Power LLC. Description: Jump Power LLC submits tariff filing per 35.15: Notice of Cancellation of MBR Tariff & Revised Tariff Sheets for Jump Power, LLC to be effective 6/7/2011. Filed Date: 06...

Pharmaceutical patents and price controls.

PubMed

Vogel, Ronald J

2002-07-01

Since 1995, every member-country of the World Trade Organization (WTO) has agreed to honor a 20-year patent-life, from the date of a pharmaceutical company's application for the patent, in the country of application. Patent protection retards competitive imitation of an invented product. This kind of protection is particularly important for pharmaceuticals, because pharmaceuticals that are not derived from biotechnology can be imitated easily and inexpensively. The economic function of a patent is to allow a period of above-normal profits for a technically and commercially successful product; these profits stimulate further investment and invention. However, direct price controls, or permutations of direct price controls on pharmaceutical compounds, can fully or partially circumvent the economic intent of patent agreements. This paper formulates an economic model that takes into account demand and cost/supply dimensions of the output and pricing of a hypothetical pharmaceutical, extrapolating about the respective effects of direct price controls and lack of price controls, and describing permutations of direct price controls in different countries. The pharmaceutical industry depends on patents to fund the development and introduction of new products. A country can indirectly circumvent the economic logic of a patent by using price controls, but it cannot shift the economic costs of such a policy to another country that does not use price controls. Instead, less money is available for research and development (R&D). Pharmaceutical price controls allow some countries to avoid the constraints of patent agreements without breaking those agreements outright. This, in turn, reduces the amount of profit available for further R&D, which is a detriment to consumers worldwide.

π-Cation Interactions in Molecular Recognition: Perspectives on Pharmaceuticals and Pesticides.

PubMed

Liang, Zhibin; Li, Qing X

2018-04-04

The π-cation interaction that differs from the cation-π interaction is a valuable concept in molecular design of pharmaceuticals and pesticides. In this Perspective we present an up-to-date review (from 1995 to 2017) on bioactive molecules involving π-cation interactions with the recognition site, and categorize into systems of inhibitor-enzyme, ligand-receptor, ligand-transporter, and hapten-antibody. The concept of π-cation interactions offers use of π systems in a small molecule to enhance the binding affinity, specificity, selectivity, lipophilicity, bioavailability, and metabolic stability, which are physiochemical features desired for drugs and pesticides.

Introduction of human pharmaceuticals from wastewater treatment plants into the aquatic environment: a rural perspective.

PubMed

Nebot, Carolina; Falcon, Raquel; Boyd, Kenneth G; Gibb, Stuart W

2015-07-01

Incomplete removal of pharmaceuticals during wastewater treatment can result in their discharge into the aquatic environment. The discharge of pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents into rivers, lakes and the oceans has led to detectable concentrations of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment in many countries. However, to date studies of WWTP discharges into the aquatic environment have largely been confined to areas of relatively high population density, industrial activity or systems impacted on by such areas. In this work, two sites in the far north of Scotland were used to assess whether, and which, pharmaceuticals were being introduced into natural waters in a rural environment with low population density. Samples from two WWTPs (with differing modes of operation), and one receiving water, the River Thurso, were analysed for the presence of 12 pharmaceuticals (diclofenac, clofibric acid, erythromycin, ibuprofen, mefenamic acid, paracetamol, propranolol, sulfamethoxazole, tamoxifen, trimethoprim and dextropropoxyphene). Ten of the 12 pharmaceuticals investigated were detected in at least one of the 40 WWTP effluent samples. Maximum concentrations ranged from 7 ng L(-1) (sulfamethoxazole) to 22.8 μg L(-1) (paracetamol) with diclofenac and mefenamic acid being present in all of samples analysed at concentrations between 24.2 and 927 ng L(-1) and 11.5 and 22.8 μg L(-1), respectively. Additionally, the presence of four pharmaceuticals at ng L(-1) levels in the River Thurso, into which one of the WWTPs discharges, shows that such discharges result in measurable levels of pharmaceuticals in the environment. This provides direct evidence that, even in rural areas with low population densities, effluents from WWTPs can produce quantifiable levels of human pharmaceutical in the natural aquatic environment. These observations indicate that human pharmaceuticals may be considered as contaminants, with potential to influence water quality, management and conservation not only in urban and industrial regions but also those more rural in nature.

Effects of exposure to pharmaceuticals (diclofenac and carbamazepine) spiked sediments in the midge, Chironomus riparius (Diptera, Chironomidae).

PubMed

Nieto, Elena; Corada-Fernández, Carmen; Hampel, Miriam; Lara-Martín, Pablo A; Sánchez-Argüello, Paloma; Blasco, Julián

2017-12-31

Human and veterinary pharmaceuticals and degradation products are continuously introduced into the environment. To date, there is a lack of information about the effects of pharmaceuticals in spiked toxicity tests with non-target organisms. In this study, we have evaluated the effects of exposure to two common pharmaceuticals in the midge Chironomus riparius in spiked sediment experiments. The selected pharmaceuticals are the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID): diclofenac (DF) and the anti-depressant drug carbamazepine (CBZ). In order to assess the effects of the pharmaceuticals, a chronic toxicity test with the midge was carried out. The endpoints survival, growth and developmental stage by means of biomass, were measured after 10days, and emergence rates and sex-ratio (male/female) were measured after 21days of exposure. Significant mortality was observed in organisms at day 10 with a 40% of larvae surviving in the highest exposure concentration of CBZ. DF decreased the emergence ratio with respect to the controls in organisms exposed at concentrations of 34.0μg·g -1 whereas CBZ reduced the growth of the midges (30,6% with respect to the control) and induced a significant change in sex-ratio at concentrations of 31.4μg·g -1 . The results obtained in the present study indicate possible adverse effects on aquatic invertebrates, which should be taken into account for environmental risk assessment of pharmaceutical compounds in sediments. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Investigating sources of pharmaceutical pollution: Survey of over-the-counter and prescription medication purchasing, use, and disposal practices among university students.

PubMed

Vatovec, Christine; Van Wagoner, Emily; Evans, Corey

2017-08-01

Pharmaceutical pollution in surface waters poses a range of risks to public health and aquatic ecosystems. Consumers contribute to pharmaceutical pollution via use and disposal of medications, though data on such behaviors is limited. This paper investigates the purchasing, use, and disposal practices among a population that has been researched only minimally to date, yet will determine pharmaceutical pollution for decades to come: young adults represented by a university student population. We employed an online, 21-question survey to examine behaviors related to pharmaceuticals among students at the University of Vermont (n = 358). Results indicate that the majority of respondents had purchased medications in the previous 12 months (94%), and had leftover drugs (61%). Contrary to previous studies of older populations, only a small proportion of students had disposed of drugs (18%); municipal trash was the primary route of drug disposal (25%), and very few students disposed drugs via flushing (1%). Less than a quarter of students were aware of drug take-back programs (24%), and only 4% had ever used take-back services. These findings indicate that the university student population may be storing a large volume of unused drugs that will require future disposal. Increasing awareness of, access to, and participation in pro-environment pharmaceutical behaviors, such as purchasing over-the-counter medication in smaller quantities and utilizing drug take-back programs, could minimize future pharmaceutical pollution from this population. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Selected analytical challenges in the determination of pharmaceuticals in drinking/marine waters and soil/sediment samples.

PubMed

Białk-Bielińska, Anna; Kumirska, Jolanta; Borecka, Marta; Caban, Magda; Paszkiewicz, Monika; Pazdro, Ksenia; Stepnowski, Piotr

2016-03-20

Recent developments and improvements in advanced instruments and analytical methodologies have made the detection of pharmaceuticals at low concentration levels in different environmental matrices possible. As a result of these advances, over the last 15 years residues of these compounds and their metabolites have been detected in different environmental compartments and pharmaceuticals have now become recognized as so-called 'emerging' contaminants. To date, a lot of papers have been published presenting the development of analytical methodologies for the determination of pharmaceuticals in aqueous and solid environmental samples. Many papers have also been published on the application of the new methodologies, mainly to the assessment of the environmental fate of pharmaceuticals. Although impressive improvements have undoubtedly been made, in order to fully understand the behavior of these chemicals in the environment, there are still numerous methodological challenges to be overcome. The aim of this paper therefore, is to present a review of selected recent improvements and challenges in the determination of pharmaceuticals in environmental samples. Special attention has been paid to the strategies used and the current challenges (also in terms of Green Analytical Chemistry) that exist in the analysis of these chemicals in soils, marine environments and drinking waters. There is a particular focus on the applicability of modern sorbents such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in sample preparation techniques, to overcome some of the problems that exist in the analysis of pharmaceuticals in different environmental samples. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

[Patient attitudes and expectations towards conflicts of interest of attending physicians].

PubMed

Riedl, Elena M; König, Jochem; Koch, Cora; Lieb, Klaus

2016-01-01

Patients can truly expect to be treated by their physicians without undue influences of secondary interests. It is not known what patients in Germany know about relationships between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry and if and how they want to be informed about these relationships. An information sheet explaining conflicts of interest and a 19-item questionnaire were distributed to 765 patients at various medical offices and hospitals in two German cities. 80 % (n=612) of the patients completed and returned the questionnaires anonymously. 65 % of the patients did not know of conflicts of interest (COI) doctors may have with the pharmaceutical industry. 74 % of the patients would like to know if their doctor had obtained any benefits through contacts with the pharmaceutical industry. 71 % agreed that a disclosure would increase their confidence, and 74 % wanted their physicians to declare COI verbally to them during a consultation. 40 % would prefer a doctor who is not receiving any benefits from the pharmaceutical industry. The desire for disclosure was significantly higher in patients who had an awareness of the problems of COI (OR 4.95; 95 % CI 3.33 - 7.35). However, 35 % of the patients trusted their attending physicians anyway and did not see a need for disclosure of any COI. The majority of patients, but not all patients want to be informed about COI of their physicians. The best way to do this has yet to be determined. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier GmbH.

57. Photocopy of Architectural Layout drawing, dated 25 June, 1993 ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

57. Photocopy of Architectural Layout drawing, dated 25 June, 1993 by US Air Force Space Command. Original drawing property of United States Air Force, 21" Space Command. AL-3 PAVE PAWS SUPPORT SYSTEMS - CAPE COD AFB, MASSACHUSETTS - LAYOUT 1 FLOOR AND 1sr FLOOR ROOF. DRAWING NO. AL-3 - SHEET 4 OF 21. - Cape Cod Air Station, Technical Facility-Scanner Building & Power Plant, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Sandwich, Barnstable County, MA

58. Photocopy of Architectural Layout drawing, dated 25 June, 1993 ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

58. Photocopy of Architectural Layout drawing, dated 25 June, 1993 by US Air Force Space Command. Original drawing property of United States Air Force, 21" Space Command. AL-5 PAVE PAWS SUPPORT SYSTEMS - CAPE COD AFB, MASSACHUSETTS - LAYOUT 3RD, 3A, 4TH LEVELS. DRAWING NO. AL-5 - SHEET 6 OF 21 - Cape Cod Air Station, Technical Facility-Scanner Building & Power Plant, Massachusetts Military Reservation, Sandwich, Barnstable County, MA

Advanced Hemostatic Dressing Development Program: Animal Model Selection Criteria and Results of a Study of Nine Hemostatic Dressings in a Model of Severe Large Venous Hemorrhage and Hepatic Injury in Swine

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-09-01

Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Westlake, OH), submitted the Hemarrest dressing. This dressing was a thin, sheet-like pad with a mixture of epsilon aminocaproic acid ...chloric acid salt purified bovine corium collagen. It was prepared in a compacted nonwoven web form (7.0 7.0 cm). Ethicon, Inc. (Somerville, NJ...may be related to enhanced platelet procoagulant activity and annexin V binding.46 Another derivative of gallic acid , bis- muth subgallate, appears to

76 FR 53961 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-30

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Drug Enforcement Administration Manufacturer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration By Notice dated April 15, 2011, and published in the Federal Register on April 27, 2011, 76 FR 23627, Cedarburg Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 870 Badger Circle, Grafton, Wisconsin 53024, made...

Section NN, showing steel roof trusses, mezzanine iron railing, first ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Section NN, showing steel roof trusses, mezzanine iron railing, first floor doors, etc. San Bernardino Valley Union Junior College, Library Building. Also includes steel truss roof plan and a small stress diagram of the truss. Howard E. Jones, Architect, San Bernardino, California. Sheet 8, job no. 315. Scales 1/2 inch to the foot (section), and 1/8 and 1/16 inch to the foot. No date given on sheet (probably March or April, 1927). - San Bernardino Valley College, Library, 701 South Mount Vernon Avenue, San Bernardino, San Bernardino County, CA

7 CFR 52.1011 - Score sheet for dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946 AND THE EGG PRODUCTS INSPECTION ACT PROCESSED FRUITS AND VEGETABLES, PROCESSED...

32. CONTROL WORKS INTAKE: DIMENSIONAL DETAILS NO. 1. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

32. CONTROL WORKS - INTAKE: DIMENSIONAL DETAILS - NO. 1. Sheet A-2, date stamped September, 1939. File no. SA 343/3. - Prado Dam, Outlet Works, Santa Ana River near junction of State Highways 71 & 91, Corona, Riverside County, CA

Stability of Alprazolam, Atropine Sulfate, Glutamine, Levofloxacin, Metoprolol Tartrate, Nitrofurantoin, Ondansetron Hydrochloride, Oxandrolone, Pregabaline, and Riboflavin in SyrSpend SF pH4 Oral Suspensions.

PubMed

Ferreira, Anderson O; Polonini, Hudson C; Loures da Silva, Sharlene; Cerqueira de Melo, Victor Augusto; de Andrade, Laura; Brandão, Marcos Antônio Fernandes

2017-01-01

The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of 10 commonly used active pharmaceutical ingredients compounded in oral suspensions using an internationally used suspending vehicle (SyrSpend SF PH4): alprazolam 1.0 mg/mL, atropine sulfate 0.1 mg/mL, glutamine 250.0 mg/mL, levofloxacin 50.0 mg/mL, metoprolol tartrate 10.0 mg/mL, nitrofurantoin 2.0 mg/mL, ondansetron hydrochloride 0.8 mg/mL, oxandrolone 3.0 mg/mL, pregabaline 20.0 mg/mL, riboflavin 10.0 mg/mL. All suspensions were stored at both controlled refrigeration (2°C to 8°C) and controlled room temperature (20°C to 25°C). Stability was assessed by measuring the percent recovery at varying time points throughout a 90-day period. Active pharmaceutical ingredients quantification was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography via a stability-indicating method. Given the percentage of recovery of the active pharmaceutical ingredients within the suspensions, the beyond-use date of the final products (active pharmaceutical ingredients + vehicle) was at least 90 days for all suspensions with regard to both temperatures. This suggests that the vehicle is stable for compounding active pharmaceutical ingredients from different pharmacological classes. Copyright© by International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding, Inc.

NDMA formation from amine-based pharmaceuticals--impact from prechlorination and water matrix.

PubMed

Shen, Ruqiao; Andrews, Susan A

2013-05-01

The presence of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in drinking water is most commonly associated with the chloramination of amine-based precursors. One option to control the NDMA formation is to remove the precursors via pre-oxidation, and prechlorination is among the most effective options in reducing NDMA formation. However, most of the findings to-date are based on single-precursor scenarios using the model precursor dimethylamine (DMA) and natural organic matter (NOM), while few studies have considered the potential interactions between water matrix components and the target precursors when investigating the prechlorination impact. Specifically, little is known for the behaviour of amine-based pharmaceuticals which have recently been reported to contribute to NDMA formation upon chloramination. This work demonstrates that prechlorination can affect both the ultimate NDMA conversion and the reaction kinetics from selected pharmaceuticals, and the nature and extent of the impact was compound-specific and matrix-specific. In the absence of NOM, the NDMA formation from most pharmaceuticals was reduced upon prechlorination, except for sumatriptan which showed a consistent increase in NDMA formation with increasing free chlorine contact time. In the presence of NOM, prechlorination was shown to enhance initial reactions by reducing the binding between NOM and pharmaceuticals, but prolonged prechlorination broke down NOM into smaller products which could then form new bonds with pharmaceuticals and thus inhibit their further conversion into NDMA. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Long-Term Changes In The Behaviour Of Jakobshavns Isbrae, West Greenland During The Late Quaternary-Holocene

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

O'Cofaigh, C.; Jennings, A.; Moros, M.; Andrews, J. T.; Kilfeather, A.; Dowdeswell, J. A.; Richter, T.

2008-12-01

This poster shows the initial results of a joint scientific project to reconstruct the Late Quaternary-Holocene behavior of Jakobshavns Isbrae in central west Greenland, one of the largest ice streams draining the modern Greenland Ice Sheet. The underlying rationale for this research is to determine if recent observed changes to the mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet are part of the natural variability in ice-sheet dynamics, or if they relate to anthropogenically-induced climate warming. Key to resolving this question is an understanding of long-term changes in ice sheet behavior during the Late Quaternary and the Holocene. This research will allow assessment of the links between deglaciation and internal and external environmental controls, such as the influence of inflowing Atlantic Water, and will facilitate modelling of the likely future behavior of the GIS. Currently, four marine sediment cores arrayed along a transect from the Disko Bugt Fan to Disko Bay are providing information on changes in sediment flux and sedimentation style, such as abrupt intervals of iceberg-rafting vs. "normal" hemipelagic sedimentation, as well as the paleoceanographic setting and ice sheet-ocean interactions. The cores are being analysed using a variety of proxies including IRD, mineralogy, oxygen isotopes, foraminiferal assemblages, lithofacies analysis and AMS radiocarbon dating. Data are presented from two piston cores from the continental slope at the trough-mouth fan collected during the HE0006 'shakedown' cruise to Baffin Bay and from two gravity cores recovered in 2007 during MS Merian cruise MSM 05/03 to West Greenland. Slope cores contain sequences of laminated facies interpreted as fine-grained turbidites and intervals of massive, bioturbated, hemipelagic mud. The two Merian cores, contributed to this project by the Baltic Sea Research Institute, were collected from the southern entrance to Disko Bugt and the Vaigat channel north of Disko. Radiocarbon dates from the Disko Bugt core show that it contains a full Holocene record of glacial activity and paleoceanography. The poster will present the initial analyses, including radiocarbon dating, XRF compositional data, magnetic susceptibility, lithofacies and IRD analyses determined from x-radiography, foraminiferal analyses and sediment mineralogy. Additional cores and seismic data for this project will be obtained from a cruise on the Canadian research vessel, CSS Hudson in September 2008, and on the British ship, the RRS James Clark Ross in 2009.

[The Korean Pharmaceutical Industry and the Expansion of the General Pharmaceuticals Market in the 1950-1960s].

PubMed

Sihn, Kyu-Hwan

2015-12-01

After the Liberation, the Korean economy was dependent on relief supplies and aid after the ruin of the colonial regime and war. The pharmaceutical business also searched for their share in the delivery of military supplies and the distribution of relief supplies. The supply-side pharmaceutical policy made the pharmaceutical market a wholesale business. The gravity of the situation led to an increased importation of medical supplies, and wholesalers took the lead in establishing the distribution structure, whereas consumers and pharmaceutical business were relatively intimidated. The aid provided by the International Cooperation Administration (ICA) marked a turning point in the Korean pharmaceutical industry after the middle of the 1950s. ICA supplied raw materials and equipment funds, while the pharmaceutical business imported advanced technology and capital. The government invited the local production of medical substances, whereas pharmaceutical businesses replaced imported medical substances with locally produced antibiotics. After the 1960s, the production of antibiotics reached saturation. Pharmaceutical businesses needed new markets to break through the stalemate, so they turned their attention to vitamins and health tonics as general pharmaceuticals, as these were suitable for mass production and mass consumption. The modernized patent medicine market after the Opening of Korea was transformed into the contemporized general pharmaceuticals market equipped with the up-to-date facilities and technology in 1960s. Pharmaceutical businesses had to advertise these new products extensively and reform the distribution structure to achieve high profits. With the introduction of TV broadcasting, these businesses invested in TV advertising and generated sizable sales figures. They also established retail pharmacy and chain stores to reform the distribution structure. The end result was a dramatic expansion of the general pharmaceuticals market. The market for vitamins and health tonics showed particularly explosive growth. As Korean industrial workers worked night and day to increase exports in the 1960s, they needed vitamins and health tonics for recovery from fatigue and to support vitality. The expansion of the general pharmaceuticals market was accompanied by increases in numbers of pharmaceutical companies. Competition intensified between pharmaceutical companies, leading some companies to search for new survival plans. The pharmaceutical industry underwent structural reform in 1960s, replacing imported medical substances with local products and inventing the new market of general pharmaceuticals. The market for vitamins and health tonics was increased, and a successful product could support a pharmaceutical company. On the contrary, a general pharmaceutical could affect the very existence of the company: if a company chased a popular product and the imitation bubble burst, then the company have lost its competitiveness in the world market.

12. Photocopy of drawing dated May 26, 1902, on file, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. Photocopy of drawing dated May 26, 1902, on file, City of New York Department of Ports, International Trade, and Commerce. ERECTION DIAGRAM/44TH ST. PIER - S. BROOKLYN - N.Y./WATER FRONT IMPROVEMENTS FOR THE BUSH COMPANY LT'D. American Bridge Company, Brooklyn Plant, Drawing No. 1431, Order No. A1343, Sheet No. 5. - Bush Terminal Company, Pier 5, Opposite end of Forty-first Street on Upper New York Bay, Brooklyn, Kings County, NY

Annual Research Progress Report Fiscal Year 1987. Volume 1,

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-10-01

Constrictive Pericarditis 86 in Patients. (0) C-20-85 Pressure Waveforms and Reflections in the Human Aorta: Compari- 87 son of a Cadaver Model with In...in Constrictive 125 Pericarditis . (0) C-60-86 The Natural History of HTLV-III Infection and Disease in a 126 United States Military Population. (0...Sheet Date: 18 Mar 87 Proj No: C-16-85 Status: Terminated Title: Significance of Post Radiotherapy Constrictive Pericarditis in Patients. Start Date 21

Logs and data from trenches across and near the Green Valley Fault at the Mason Road site, Fairfield, Solano County, California, 2006-2009

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lienkaemper, James J.; Sickler, Robert R.; Mahan, Shannon; Brown, Johnathan; Reidy, Liam M.; Kimball, Mindy A.

2012-01-01

The primary purpose of this report is to provide drafted field logs of exploratory trenches excavated across the Green Valley Fault in 2007 and 2009 that show evidence for four surface rupturing earthquakes in the past one thousand years. The site location and site detail are shown on sheet 1. The trench logs are shown on sheets 1, 2, and 3. We also provide radiocarbon laboratory dates used for chronological modeling of the earthquake history. Sheets 4 and 5 show additional data obtained in 2006–2009 to document data obtained in our studies of the long-term geologic slip rate on the Green Valley Fault. However, that effort ultimately did not prove feasible and no slip rate estimate resulted.

31. BETHLEHEM SHIPBUILDING CORP, LTD. UNION PLANT, SAN FRANCISCO, CA. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

31. BETHLEHEM SHIPBUILDING CORP, LTD. UNION PLANT, SAN FRANCISCO, CA. SALON DECK ARRANGEMENT, SHEET NUMBER 5314-11-84. Drawn by A.E. Wilson, dated 12-6-21. - San Mateo Ferry, South end of Lake Union, Seattle, King County, WA

Paints and Allied Products Manufacturing: National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for Area Sources

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Read the text of this NESHAP regulation on Paints and Allied Products manufacturing. Find the rule summary, and rule history, effective dates, and the federal register citations and fact sheets on the rule.

Examining pharmaceuticals using terahertz spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sulovská, Kateřina; Křesálek, Vojtěch

2015-10-01

Pharmaceutical trafficking is common issue in countries where they are under stricter dispensing regime with monitoring of users. Most commonly smuggled pharmaceuticals include trade names Paralen Plus, Modafen, Clarinase repetabs, Aspirin complex, etc. These are transported mainly from Eastern Europe (e.g. Poland, Ukraine, Russia) to countries like Czech Republic, which is said to have one of the highest number of methamphetamine producers in Europe. The aim of this paper is to describe the possibility of terahertz spectroscopy utilization as an examining tool to distinguish between pharmaceuticals containing pseudoephedrine compounds and those without it. Selected medicaments for experimental part contain as an active ingredient pseudoephedrine hydrochloride or pseudoephedrine sulphate. Results show a possibility to find a pseudoephedrine compound spectra in samples according to previously computed and experimentally found ones, and point out that spectra of same brand names pills may vary according to their expiration date, batch, and amount of absorbed water vapours from ambience. Mislead spectrum also occurs during experimental work in a sample without chosen active ingredient, which shows persistent minor inconveniences of terahertz spectroscopy. All measurement were done on the TPS Spectra 3000 instrument.

Direct-to-consumer advertising: its effects on stakeholders.

PubMed

Montoya, Isaac D; Lee-Dukes, Gwen; Shah, Dhvani

2008-01-01

The escalating growth in the development of pharmaceutical drugs has caused the pharmaceutical industry to market drugs directly to consumers. Direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising has increased immensely in the past 15 years and continues to grow each year. The advantages of DTC advertising include an increase in consumer knowledge, patient autonomy, and possibly providing physicians and pharmacists with up-to-date information about the recent trends in the marketplace. However, there is also an equally notable list of disadvantages, which include concerns about the quality of information provided, loss in physician productivity due to time spent convincing patients that what they want is not in their best interest, and increases in the reimbursement expenditure of the insurers. Because of these conflicting outcomes, the issue of DTC advertising has become controversial. This report offers an overview of DTC advertising and focuses on its effects on physicians, pharmacists, consumers, insurers, the government, and pharmaceutical manufacturers.

Pharmaceutical and industrial protein engineering: where we are?

PubMed

Amara, Amro Abd-Al-Fattah

2013-01-01

The huge amount of information, the big number of scientists and their efforts, labs, man/hrs, fund, companies all and others factors build the success of the amazing new branch of genetic engineering the 'protein engineering' (PE). It concerns with the modification of protein structure/function(s) or building protein from scratch. The engineered proteins usually have new criteria(s). Engineering proteins can be mediated on the level of genes or proteins. PE fined its way in different important sectors including industrial, pharmaceutical and medicinal ones. Aspects about PE and its applications will be discussed with this review. The concept, tools, and the industrial applications of the protein, engineered proteins and PE will be under focus. In order to get up to date knowledge about the applications of PE in basic protein and molecular biology, several examples are discussed. PE can play a significant role in different industrial and pharmaceutical sectors if used wisely and selectively.

The implementation of Prime Vendor Europe and its successful impact on an overseas naval medical treatment facility.

PubMed

Koerner, S D; Anaya, M A

1996-10-01

Prime Vendor Europe (PVE) is the commercial pharmaceutical ordering and delivery program that is revolutionizing overseas health care delivery at military health care treatment facilities located in the European theater. Mirroring civilian programs already available and replacing the Federal Supply System, PVE offers many benefits never before realized at overseas military health care treatment facilities, including: diminished order turnaround times with resultant decreased Operating Target requirements; rapid order confirmation after order placement; lower carrying costs and inventory needs; better dating of pharmaceuticals received; redistribution and increased efficiency of the current manhours needed to operate a pharmacy supply system; order tracking capabilities; and enhancement of the present cooperative and constructive dichotomous relationship between medical logistics and pharmacy regarding pharmaceutical purchasing practices. This paper will explore the fundamentals, past performance, continuous quality improvement of logistical functions, frame-work establishment for PVE, implementation of PVE, and subsequent observed command benefits of PVE realization.

Shorter intervals between great earthquakes near Sendai: Scour ponds and a sand layer attributable to A.D. 1454 overwash

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sawai, Yuki; Namegaya, Yuichi; Tamura, Toru; Nakashima, Rei; Tanigawa, Koichiro

2015-06-01

A sparsely documented tsunami in 1454 may subdivide the recurrence interval between the 869 and 2011 tsunamis near Sendai, as judged from geomorphic, stratigraphic, and archival evidence. Pond-filled breaches cut across beach ridges on century-old topographic maps. The basal pond deposit in one of these breaches postdates 1454. Stratigraphy on Sendai Plain includes a sand sheet that contains marine and brackish diatoms. Radiocarbon ages suggest that the sheet dates to 1406-1615 (2σ), and written records for this interval in Tohoku mention a tsunami in 1454. The inferred inundation extended 1.0-2.5 km inland from an approximate medieval shoreline. Simulated tsunamis that best account for the sand sheet require a thrust earthquake of moment magnitude 8.4 or larger. If the sand sheet represents the 1454 tsunami, the two most recent intervals between great thrust earthquakes in Sendai region spanned 585 and 557 years.

Exogenous ROS-induced cell sheet transfer based on hematoporphyrin-polyketone film via a one-step process.

PubMed

Koo, Min-Ah; Lee, Mi Hee; Kwon, Byeong-Ju; Seon, Gyeung Mi; Kim, Min Sung; Kim, Dohyun; Nam, Ki Chang; Park, Jong-Chul

2018-04-01

To date, most of invasive cell sheet harvesting methods have used culture surface property variations, such as wettability, pH, electricity, and magnetism, to induce cell detachment. These methods that rely on surface property changes are effective when cell detachment prior to application is necessary, but of limited use when used for cell sheet transfer to target regions. The study reports a new reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced strategy based on hematoporphyrin-incorporated polyketone film (Hp-PK film) to transfer cell sheets directly to target areas without an intermediate harvesting process. After green LED (510 nm) irradiation, production of exogenous ROS from the Hp-PK films induces cell sheet detachment and transfer. The study suggests that ROS-induced cell detachment property of the Hp-PK film is closely related to conformational changes of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Also, this strategy with the Hp-PK film can be applied by regulating production rate of exogenous ROS in various types of cells, including fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells and keratinocytes. In conclusion, ROS-induced method using the Hp-PK film can be used for one-step cell sheet transplantation and has potential in biomedical applications. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Radar attenuation and temperature within the Greenland Ice Sheet

USGS Publications Warehouse

MacGregor, Joseph A; Li, Jilu; Paden, John D; Catania, Ginny A; Clow, Gary D.; Fahnestock, Mark A; Gogineni, Prasad S.; Grimm, Robert E.; Morlighem, Mathieu; Nandi, Soumyaroop; Seroussi, Helene; Stillman, David E

2015-01-01

The flow of ice is temperature-dependent, but direct measurements of englacial temperature are sparse. The dielectric attenuation of radio waves through ice is also temperature-dependent, and radar sounding of ice sheets is sensitive to this attenuation. Here we estimate depth-averaged radar-attenuation rates within the Greenland Ice Sheet from airborne radar-sounding data and its associated radiostratigraphy. Using existing empirical relationships between temperature, chemistry, and radar attenuation, we then infer the depth-averaged englacial temperature. The dated radiostratigraphy permits a correction for the confounding effect of spatially varying ice chemistry. Where radar transects intersect boreholes, radar-inferred temperature is consistently higher than that measured directly. We attribute this discrepancy to the poorly recognized frequency dependence of the radar-attenuation rate and correct for this effect empirically, resulting in a robust relationship between radar-inferred and borehole-measured depth-averaged temperature. Radar-inferred englacial temperature is often lower than modern surface temperature and that of a steady state ice-sheet model, particularly in southern Greenland. This pattern suggests that past changes in surface boundary conditions (temperature and accumulation rate) affect the ice sheet's present temperature structure over a much larger area than previously recognized. This radar-inferred temperature structure provides a new constraint for thermomechanical models of the Greenland Ice Sheet.

A measure of productivity and innovation in the pharmaceutical industry 2011-2015.

PubMed

Harrison, R

2016-11-01

The pharmaceutical industry has faced enormous pressures over the last few decades. Declining revenues, increasing payer pressures, and a constantly changing regulatory landscape have forced all companies to identify processes to increase productivity and innovation. However, to date, no one agrees on precisely how to measure these attributes or how to interpret these results to understand the state of the industry. We propose new quantitative measures of productivity and innovation and use these to illustrate an industry that has in recent years become more innovative and productive after years of decline. Copyright 2016 Prous Science, S.A.U. or its licensors. All rights reserved.

Oxidation of atenolol, propranolol, carbamazepine and clofibric acid by a biological Fenton-like system mediated by the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor.

PubMed

Marco-Urrea, Ernest; Radjenović, Jelena; Caminal, Gloria; Petrović, Mira; Vicent, Teresa; Barceló, Damià

2010-01-01

Biological advanced oxidation of the pharmaceuticals clofibric acid (CA), carbamazepine (CBZP), atenolol (ATL) and propranolol (PPL) is reported for the first time. Extracellular oxidizing species were produced through a quinone redox cycling mechanism catalyzed by an intracellular quinone reductase and any of the ligninolytic enzymes of Trametes versicolor after addition of the lignin-derived quinone 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (DBQ) and Fe(3+)-oxalate in the medium. Time-course experiments with approximately 10mg L(-1) of initial pharmaceutical concentration resulted in percent degradations above 80% after 6h of incubation. Oxidation of pharmaceuticals was only observed under DBQ redox cycling conditions. A similar degradation pattern was observed when CBZP was added at the environmentally relevant concentration of 50 microg L(-1). Depletion of DBQ due to the attack of oxidizing agents was assumed to be the main limiting factor of pharmaceutical degradation. The main degradation products, that resulted to be pharmaceutical hydroxylated derivatives, were structurally elucidated. The detected 4- and 7-hydroxycarbamazepine intermediates of CBZP degradation were not reported to date. Total disappearance of intermediates was observed in all the experiments at the end of the incubation period. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Quantifying Pharmaceutical Film Coating with Optical Coherence Tomography and Terahertz Pulsed Imaging: An Evaluation.

PubMed

Lin, Hungyen; Dong, Yue; Shen, Yaochun; Zeitler, J Axel

2015-10-01

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) has recently attracted a lot of interest in the pharmaceutical industry as a fast and non-destructive modality for quantification of thin film coatings that cannot easily be resolved with other techniques. Because of the relative infancy of this technique, much of the research to date has focused on developing the in-line measurement technique for assessing film coating thickness. To better assess OCT for pharmaceutical coating quantification, this paper evaluates tablets with a range of film coating thickness measured using OCT and terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI) in an off-line setting. In order to facilitate automated coating quantification for film coating thickness in the range of 30-200 μm, an algorithm that uses wavelet denoising and a tailored peak finding method is proposed to analyse each of the acquired A-scan. Results obtained from running the algorithm reveal an increasing disparity between the TPI and OCT measured intra-tablet variability when film coating thickness exceeds 100 μm. The finding further confirms that OCT is a suitable modality for characterising pharmaceutical dosage forms with thin film coatings, whereas TPI is well suited for thick coatings. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association.

Applying mixture toxicity modelling to predict bacterial bioluminescence inhibition by non-specifically acting pharmaceuticals and specifically acting antibiotics.

PubMed

Neale, Peta A; Leusch, Frederic D L; Escher, Beate I

2017-04-01

Pharmaceuticals and antibiotics co-occur in the aquatic environment but mixture studies to date have mainly focused on pharmaceuticals alone or antibiotics alone, although differences in mode of action may lead to different effects in mixtures. In this study we used the Bacterial Luminescence Toxicity Screen (BLT-Screen) after acute (0.5 h) and chronic (16 h) exposure to evaluate how non-specifically acting pharmaceuticals and specifically acting antibiotics act together in mixtures. Three models were applied to predict mixture toxicity including concentration addition, independent action and the two-step prediction (TSP) model, which groups similarly acting chemicals together using concentration addition, followed by independent action to combine the two groups. All non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals had similar EC 50 values at both 0.5 and 16 h, indicating together with a QSAR (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship) analysis that they act as baseline toxicants. In contrast, the antibiotics' EC 50 values decreased by up to three orders of magnitude after 16 h, which can be explained by their specific effect on bacteria. Equipotent mixtures of non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals only, antibiotics only and both non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals and antibiotics were prepared based on the single chemical results. The mixture toxicity models were all in close agreement with the experimental results, with predicted EC 50 values within a factor of two of the experimental results. This suggests that concentration addition can be applied to bacterial assays to model the mixture effects of environmental samples containing both specifically and non-specifically acting chemicals. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

FLYING CADET MESS HALL, FOR 250 MEN, PLANS & DETAILS. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

FLYING CADET MESS HALL, FOR 250 MEN, PLANS & DETAILS. Sheet No. 1 of 6, dated March 30, 1942. U.S. Engineer Office, San Francisco, California - Hamilton Field, Airmen's Open Mess, First cul-de-sac on F Street, Novato, Marin County, CA

FLYING CADET MESS HALL, FOR 250 MEN, ELEVATIONS, SECTION, & ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

FLYING CADET MESS HALL, FOR 250 MEN, ELEVATIONS, SECTION, & DETAILS. Sheet No. 2 of 6, dated March 30, 1942. U.S. Engineer Office, San Francisco, California - Hamilton Field, Airmen's Open Mess, First cul-de-sac on F Street, Novato, Marin County, CA

32. BETHLEHEM SHIPBUILDING CORP, LTD. UNION PLANT, SAN FRANCISCO, CA. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

32. BETHLEHEM SHIPBUILDING CORP, LTD. UNION PLANT, SAN FRANCISCO, CA. MAIN DECK ARRANGEMENT, SHEET NUMBER H-5314-11-8B. Drawn by A.E. Wilson, dated 12-7-21. - San Mateo Ferry, South end of Lake Union, Seattle, King County, WA

BRITICE-CHRONO and GLANAM: new exciting developments in the study of circum-North Atlantic ice sheets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Benetti, Sara; Clark, Chris D.; Petter Serjup, Hans

2013-04-01

This talk will present two newly funded projects on the reconstruction of former marine-based ice sheets bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and their effects on the surrounding continental margins. The NERC-funded BRITICE-CHRONO started in October 2012 and its consortium involves scientists from all over the UK with partners in Ireland, Canada and Norway. It aims to carry out a systematic campaign to collect and date material to constrain the timing and rates of change of the collapse of the former British-Irish Ice Sheet. This will be achieved by focussing on eight transects running from the shelf edge to a short distance onshore and acquiring marine and terrestrial samples for geochronometric dating. The sampling will be accomplished by two research cruises and eight fieldwork campaigns around UK and Ireland. The project will result in the world's best empirical reconstruction of a shrinking ice sheet, for use in improving ice sheet models, and to provide the long term context against which contemporary observations can be assessed. The FP7-funded Marie Curie Initial Training Networks GLANAM (Glaciated North Atlantic Margins) will start in April 2013 and aims at improving the career prospects and development of young researchers in both the public and private sector within the field of earth science, focusing specifically on North Atlantic glaciated margins. The training network comprises ten partner institutions, both academic and industrial, from Norway, UK and Denmark and will train eleven PhD and four postdoctoral researchers. The young scientists will perform multi-disciplinary research and receive training through three interconnected workpackages that collectively address knowledge gaps related to the glacial sedimentary depocentres on the North Atlantic margins. Filling these gaps will not only result in major new insights regarding glacial processes on continental margins in general, but critically will have particular impact on the exploitation of hydrocarbons in glacial sediments, notably the gas hydrate energy potential on the European continental margin, and will also provide paleoclimate information essential for understanding the role of marine-based ice sheets in the climate system.

The last forests in Greenland, and the age of the ice sheet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Funder, Svend; Schmidt, Astrid M. Z.; Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe; Steffensen, Jørgen Peder; Willerslev, Eske

2014-05-01

Recently ancient DNA (aDNA) studies of the basal ice in the Camp Century ice core, northern Greenland, have shown that mixed coniferous-deciduous forest grew here before the area was invaded and permanently covered by the ice sheet. The coring site is situated only 100 km from the present ice margin and more than 500 km from the ice divide, indicating that since this last inception the northern part of the ice sheet never receded more than 100 km from its present margin. Dating of the basal ice and obtaining an age for the forest and for the beginning of the ice sheet's permanency has been attempted by analyzing for optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), meteoric 10Be/36Cl cosmogenic nuclides, 234U/238U recoil. These methods all provide only minimum ages and show that the forest at Cap Century is older than 500 ka. Comparison with other Pleistocene "forest sites" in Greenland - the Kap København Formation in northernmost Greenland, the DYE-3 ice core in the south, the ODP boring 646 south of Greenland, as well as results from basal ice in the GRIP ice core - extends the minimum age to c. 1 ma. The maximum age is provided by the Kap København Formation, which must be older - or contemporaneous. The formation has recently been confirmed to date within the interval 2-2.5 ma, with a preferred age of 2.3-2.4 ma. Surprisingly, application of the molecular clock of insect COI sequences on the Camp Century aDNA now seem to push the minimum age just as far back - to 2.4 ma, suggesting that the timberline boreal forest at Kap København is contemporaneous with the mixed forest at Camp Century, 600 km to the south. From this we conclude that the northern ice sheet dome, which today contains 85% of the total ice sheet volume, has remained within 100 km of its present margin for at least 1 ma, and possibly may go back as far as 2.4 ma. The ice sheet has therefore survived both interglacials and "super interglacials" that were both warmer and longer than the present. This may give us some hope for the future.

Does Spirituality Predict Weight Loss In A Behavioral Weight Loss Program?

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-01

SPIRITUALfl 1 A ~~D WEIGHT LOSS APPROVAL SHEET Title of Thesis: "Does Spirituality Predict Weight Loss in a Behavioral Weight Loss Program 7" Name...notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does...not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE 2009 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED 00-00-2009 to 00-00-2009 4. TITLE AND

Water-quality trends using sediment cores from White Rock Lake, Dallas, Texas

USGS Publications Warehouse

Van Metre, Peter C.; Land, Larry F.; Braun, C.L.

1996-01-01

The purpose of this fact sheet is to summarize the principal findings documented in a report on water-quality trends in White Rock Creek Basin using dated sediment cores from White Rock Lake (Van Metre and Callender, in press). The study used dated sediment cores to reconstruct water-quality conditions. More specifically, the changes in water quality associated with the watershed’s change from agricultural to urban land use and with the implementation of environmental regulations were identified.

Laboratory Evaluation of a Colorimetric Hydrazine Dosimeter

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-06-12

4.5 4.5 4 4.3 012 3 3.5 4 3.5 4 4.5 4.5 4.3 59456 014 5 5 5 5.0 5 5.5 5 5.2 014 5.5 6 5 5.5 6 6 6 6.0 GMO COLOR BADGE LOG SHEET TEST 30 1.0. BADGE...3 3.5 3.3 38959 CON .164 0 1.5 1.5 1.5 2 2 2.0 2 2 2.0 2 2 2.0 GMO COLOR BADGE LOG SHEET TEST 84 I.D. BADGE DATE INTER- MMH TIME DOSE RH TEMP POST

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 92

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Baglin, Coral M.

2012-10-15

Nuclear structure and decay data pertaining to all nuclides with mass number A = 92 (As, Se, Br, Kr, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd) have been compiled and evaluated, and incorporated into the ENSDF data file. All literature available by 15 September 2012 has been considered. This evaluation supersedes the previous publication for this mass chain (Coral M. Baglin, Nuclear Data Sheets 91, 423 (2000) (November 2000 cutoff date)), and subsequent unpublished reevaluations by C.M. Baglin for {sup 92}Kr (January 2004 literature cut-off) and {sup 92}Sr (August 2003 literature cut-off).

Rapid quantification of pharmaceuticals and pesticides in passive samplers using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Wille, Klaas; Claessens, Michiel; Rappé, Karen; Monteyne, Els; Janssen, Colin R; De Brabander, Hubert F; Vanhaecke, Lynn

2011-12-23

The presence of both pharmaceuticals and pesticides in the aquatic environment has become a well-known environmental issue during the last decade. An increasing demand however still exists for sensitive and reliable monitoring tools for these rather polar contaminants in the marine environment. In recent years, the great potential of passive samplers or equilibrium based sampling techniques for evaluation of the fate of these contaminants has been shown in literature. Therefore, we developed a new analytical method for the quantification of a high number of pharmaceuticals and pesticides in passive sampling devices. The analytical procedure consisted of extraction using 1:1 methanol/acetonitrile followed by detection with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution and high mass accuracy Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Validation of the analytical method resulted in limits of quantification and recoveries ranging between 0.2 and 20 ng per sampler sheet and between 87.9 and 105.2%, respectively. Determination of the sampler-water partition coefficients of all compounds demonstrated that several pharmaceuticals and most pesticides exert a high affinity for the polydimethylsiloxane passive samplers. Finally, the developed analytical methods were used to measure the time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations of the targeted pollutants in passive samplers, deployed at eight stations in the Belgian coastal zone. Propranolol, carbamazepine and seven pesticides were found to be very abundant in the passive samplers. These obtained long-term and large-scale TWA concentrations will contribute in assessing the environmental and human health risk of these emerging pollutants. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A validated high performance thin layer chromatography method for determination of yohimbine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations

PubMed Central

Badr, Jihan M.

2013-01-01

Background: Yohimbine is an indole alkaloid used as a promising therapy for erectile dysfunction. A number of methods were reported for the analysis of yohimbine in the bark or in pharmaceutical preparations. Materials and Method: In the present work, a simple and sensitive high performance thin layer chromatographic method is developed for determination of yohimbine (occurring as yohimbine hydrochloride) in pharmaceutical preparations and validated according to International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The method employed thin layer chromatography aluminum sheets precoated with silica gel as the stationary phase and the mobile phase consisted of chloroform:methanol:ammonia (97:3:0.2), which gave compact bands of yohimbine hydrochloride. Results: Linear regression data for the calibration curves of standard yohimbine hydrochloride showed a good linear relationship over a concentration range of 80–1000 ng/spot with respect to the area and correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.9965. The method was evaluated regarding accuracy, precision, selectivity, and robustness. Limits of detection and quantitation were recorded as 5 and 40 ng/spot, respectively. The proposed method efficiently separated yohimbine hydrochloride from other components even in complex mixture containing powdered plants. The amount of yohimbine hydrochloride ranged from 2.3 to 5.2 mg/tablet or capsule in preparations containing the pure alkaloid, while it varied from zero (0) to 1.5–1.8 mg/capsule in dietary supplements containing powdered yohimbe bark. Conclusion: We concluded that this method employing high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) in quantitative determination of yohimbine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations is efficient, simple, accurate, and validated. PMID:23661986

A validated high performance thin layer chromatography method for determination of yohimbine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations.

PubMed

Badr, Jihan M

2013-01-01

Yohimbine is an indole alkaloid used as a promising therapy for erectile dysfunction. A number of methods were reported for the analysis of yohimbine in the bark or in pharmaceutical preparations. In the present work, a simple and sensitive high performance thin layer chromatographic method is developed for determination of yohimbine (occurring as yohimbine hydrochloride) in pharmaceutical preparations and validated according to International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. The method employed thin layer chromatography aluminum sheets precoated with silica gel as the stationary phase and the mobile phase consisted of chloroform:methanol:ammonia (97:3:0.2), which gave compact bands of yohimbine hydrochloride. Linear regression data for the calibration curves of standard yohimbine hydrochloride showed a good linear relationship over a concentration range of 80-1000 ng/spot with respect to the area and correlation coefficient (R(2)) was 0.9965. The method was evaluated regarding accuracy, precision, selectivity, and robustness. Limits of detection and quantitation were recorded as 5 and 40 ng/spot, respectively. The proposed method efficiently separated yohimbine hydrochloride from other components even in complex mixture containing powdered plants. The amount of yohimbine hydrochloride ranged from 2.3 to 5.2 mg/tablet or capsule in preparations containing the pure alkaloid, while it varied from zero (0) to 1.5-1.8 mg/capsule in dietary supplements containing powdered yohimbe bark. We concluded that this method employing high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) in quantitative determination of yohimbine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations is efficient, simple, accurate, and validated.

Sea-level records from the U.S. mid-Atlantic constrain Laurentide Ice Sheet extent during Marine Isotope Stage 3

PubMed Central

Pico, T; Creveling, J. R.; Mitrovica, J. X.

2017-01-01

The U.S. mid-Atlantic sea-level record is sensitive to the history of the Laurentide Ice Sheet as the coastline lies along the ice sheet's peripheral bulge. However, paleo sea-level markers on the present-day shoreline of Virginia and North Carolina dated to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3, from 50 to 35 ka, are surprisingly high for this glacial interval, and remain unexplained by previous models of ice age adjustment or other local (for example, tectonic) effects. Here, we reconcile this sea-level record using a revised model of glacial isostatic adjustment characterized by a peak global mean sea level during MIS 3 of approximately −40 m, and far less ice volume within the eastern sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet than traditional reconstructions for this interval. We conclude that the Laurentide Ice Sheet experienced a phase of very rapid growth in the 15 kyr leading into the Last Glacial Maximum, thus highlighting the potential of mid-field sea-level records to constrain areal extent of ice cover during glacial intervals with sparse geological observables. PMID:28555637

Effects of Repeated Intraperitoneal Injection of Pharmaceutical-grade and Nonpharmaceutical-grade Corn Oil in Female C57BL/6J Mice.

PubMed

Hubbard, Jennifer S; Chen, Patty H; Boyd, Kelli L

2017-11-01

Due to potential adverse effects on animal wellbeing, the use of nonpharmaceutical-grade substances in animal research must be scientifically justified in cases where a pharmaceutical-grade version of the substance exists. This requirement applies to all substances, including vehicles used to solubilize experimental drugs. To date, no studies have evaluated the direct effect of the pharmaceutical classification of a compound on animal wellbeing. In this study, we evaluated intraperitoneal administration of pharmaceutical-grade corn oil, nonpharmaceutical-grade corn oil, and saline in female C57BL/6J mice. Compounds were administered every 48 h for a total of 4 injections. Mice were evaluated clinically by using body weight, body condition score, visual assessment score, CBC, and serum chemistries. Animals were euthanized at 24 h and 14 d after the final injection. Inflammation of the peritoneal wall and mesenteric fat was assessed microscopically by using a semiquantitative scoring system. Saline-dosed groups had lower pathology scores at both time points. At day 21, pharmaceutical-grade corn oil had a significantly higher pathology score compared with nonpharmaceutical-grade corn oil. No other significant differences between the corn oil groups were observed. The use of nonpharmaceutical grade corn oil did not result in adverse clinical consequences and is presumed safe to use for intraperitoneal injection in mice. Differences in inflammation between the 2 groups suggest that the use of either pharmaceutical-grade or nonpharmaceutical-grade corn oil should be consistent within a study.

The geology of a part of Acadia and the nature of the Acadian orogeny across Central and Eastern Maine

USGS Publications Warehouse

Tucker, R.D.; Osberg, P.H.; Berry, H.N.

2001-01-01

The zone of Acadian collision between the Medial New England and Composite Avalon terranes is well preserved in Maine. A transect from northwest (Rome) to southeast (Camden) crosses the eastern part of Medial New England comprising the Central Maine basin, Liberty-Orrington thrust sheet, and Fredericton trough, and the western part of Composite Avalon, including the Graham Lake, Clarry Hill, and Clam Cove thrust sheets. U-Pb geochronology of events before, during, and after the Acadian orogeny helps elucidate the nature and distribution of tectonostrati& graphic belts in this zone and the timing of some Acadian events in the Northern Appalachians. The Central Maine basin consists of sedimentary and volcanic rocks of Middle Ordovician (???470 to ???460 Ma) age overlain with probable conformity by latest Ordovician(?) through earliest Devonian marine rift and flysch sedimentary rocks; these are intruded by weakly to undeformed plutonic rocks of Early and Middle Devonian age (???399??378 Ma). The Fredericton trough consists of Early Silurian gray pelite and sandstone to earliest Late Silurian calcareous turbidite, deformed and variably metamorphosed prior to the emplacement of Late Silurian (???422 Ma) and Early to Late Devonian (???418 to ???368 Ma) plutons. The Liberty-Orrington thrust sheet consists of Cambrian(?)-Ordovician (>???474 to ???469 Ma and younger) clastic sedimentary and volcanic rocks intruded by highly deformed Late Silurian (???424 to ???422 Ma) and Devonian (???418 to ???389 Ma) plutons, possibly metamorphosed in Late Silurian time (prior to ???417 Ma), and metamorphosed to amphibolite facies in Early to Middle Devonian time (???400 to ???381 Ma). The Graham Lake thrust sheet contains possible Precambrian rocks, Cambrian sedimentary rocks with a volcanic unit dated at ???503 Ma, and Ordovician rocks with possible Caradocian Old World fossils, metamor& phosed and deformed in Silurian time and intruded by mildly to undeformed Late Silurian (???421 Ma) and Late Devonian (???371 to ???368 Ma) plutons. The Clarry Hill thrust sheet consists of poorly studied, highly metamorphosed Cambrian(?) rocks. The Clam Cove thrust sheet contains highly deformed Precambrian limestone, shale, sandstone, and conglomerate, metamorphosed to epidote amphibolite facies and intruded by a mildly deformed pluton dated at ???421 Ma. Metamorphism, deformation, and voluminous intrusive igneous activity of Silu& rian age are common to both the most southeastern parts of Medial New England and the thrust sheets of Composite Avalon. In contrast to Medial New England, the thrust sheets of Composite Avalon show only modest effects of Devonian deformation and metamorphism. Regional stratigraphic relations, paleontologic findings, and U-Pb geochronology suggest that the Graham Lake, Clarry Hill, and Clam Cove thrust sheets are far-traveled allochthons that were widely separated from Medial New England in the Silurian.

75 FR 51458 - Notice of Extended Availability of Draft National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-20

... No. EPA-R01-OW-2010- 0292 by one of the following methods: http://www.regulations.gov : Follow the on..., appendices, and fact sheet are available at: http://www.epa.gov/region1/npdes/stormwater . DATES: The public...

Evaluating an Ice-Storage System in a Deregulated Environment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Staniewicz, Theodore J.; Watson, Joseph J.

2001-01-01

Examines the difficulties the electric industry's deregulation created for St. Joseph's University's (Philadelphia) development of a thermal ice-storage system as part of its HVAC design and the school's solution. A monthly equipment summary sheet with year-to-date figures is provided. (GR)

Data Acquisition Unit for SATCOM Signal Analyzer

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-01-01

APSIM simulator program APDEBUG debugging program APTEST diagnostic and test program MATH Library IOP-16 16 bit I/O port 223 APPENDIX C Table...3. SYNTEST Corporation, Frequency Synthesizer Module, Data Sheet, The Syntest SM-101 Frequency Synthesizer Module, not dated . 4. DATEL Systems Inc

46 CFR 164.015-1 - Applicable specifications and standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL MATERIALS Plastic Foam, Unicellular, Buoyant, Sheet... following specification and standard, of the issue in effect on the date the plastic foam material is...) ASTM D4986-98, Standard Test Method for Horizontal Burning Characteristics of Cellular Polymeric...

Widespread platinum anomaly documented at the Younger Dryas onset in North American sedimentary sequences

PubMed Central

Moore, Christopher R.; West, Allen; LeCompte, Malcolm A.; Brooks, Mark J.; Daniel, I. Randolph; Goodyear, Albert C.; Ferguson, Terry A.; Ivester, Andrew H.; Feathers, James K.; Kennett, James P.; Tankersley, Kenneth B.; Adedeji, A. Victor; Bunch, Ted E.

2017-01-01

Previously, a large platinum (Pt) anomaly was reported in the Greenland ice sheet at the Younger Dryas boundary (YDB) (12,800 Cal B.P.). In order to evaluate its geographic extent, fire-assay and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (FA and ICP-MS) elemental analyses were performed on 11 widely separated archaeological bulk sedimentary sequences. We document discovery of a distinct Pt anomaly spread widely across North America and dating to the Younger Dryas (YD) onset. The apparent synchroneity of this widespread YDB Pt anomaly is consistent with Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) data that indicated atmospheric input of platinum-rich dust. We expect the Pt anomaly to serve as a widely-distributed time marker horizon (datum) for identification and correlation of the onset of the YD climatic episode at 12,800 Cal B.P. This Pt datum will facilitate the dating and correlating of archaeological, paleontological, and paleoenvironmental data between sequences, especially those with limited age control. PMID:28276513

Ice Elevation Changes in the Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica Using Multiple Cosmogenic Nuclides

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marrero, S.; Hein, A.; Sugden, D.; Woodward, J.; Dunning, S.; Reid, K.

2014-12-01

Well-dated geologic data points provide important indicators that can be used for the reconstruction of ice sheet dynamics and as constraints in ice sheet models predicting future change. Cosmogenic nuclides, which accumulate in rocks exposed at the earth's surface, can be used to directly date the exposure age of the rock surfaces that have been created through glacial erosion or deposition. The technique requires a detailed understanding of the local geomorphology as well as awareness of the post-depositional processes that may affect the interpretation of exposure ages. Initial surface exposure ages (10Be, 26Al, 21Ne, and 36Cl ) from local limestone bedrock and other glacially deposited exotic lithologies provide a history spanning from 0 to 1.1 Ma in the Patriot, Independence, and Marble Hills in the southern Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. Using the new surface exposure ages combined with geomorphological mapping, we will discuss the implications for the glacial history of the southern Ellsworth Mountains.

Using Multiple Cosmogenic Nuclides to Investigate Ice Elevation Changes in the Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marrero, Shasta; Hein, Andy; Sugden, David; Woodward, John; Dunning, Stuart; Freeman, Stewart; Shanks, Richard

2015-04-01

Well-dated geologic data points provide important indicators that can be used for the reconstruction of ice sheet dynamics and as constraints in ice sheet models predicting future change. Cosmogenic nuclides, which accumulate in rocks exposed at the earth's surface, can be used to directly date the exposure age of the rock surfaces that have been created through glacial erosion or deposition. The technique requires a detailed understanding of the local geomorphology as well as awareness of the post-depositional processes that may affect the interpretation of exposure ages. Surface exposure ages (10Be, 26Al, 21Ne, and 36Cl) from local limestone bedrock and other glacially deposited exotic lithologies provide a history spanning from 0 to more than 1 million years in the Patriot, Independence, and Marble Hills in the southern Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. Using the new surface exposure ages combined with geomorphological mapping, we will discuss the implications for the glacial history of the southern Ellsworth Mountains.

Widespread platinum anomaly documented at the Younger Dryas onset in North American sedimentary sequences

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moore, Christopher R.; West, Allen; Lecompte, Malcolm A.; Brooks, Mark J.; Daniel, I. Randolph; Goodyear, Albert C.; Ferguson, Terry A.; Ivester, Andrew H.; Feathers, James K.; Kennett, James P.; Tankersley, Kenneth B.; Adedeji, A. Victor; Bunch, Ted E.

2017-03-01

Previously, a large platinum (Pt) anomaly was reported in the Greenland ice sheet at the Younger Dryas boundary (YDB) (12,800 Cal B.P.). In order to evaluate its geographic extent, fire-assay and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (FA and ICP-MS) elemental analyses were performed on 11 widely separated archaeological bulk sedimentary sequences. We document discovery of a distinct Pt anomaly spread widely across North America and dating to the Younger Dryas (YD) onset. The apparent synchroneity of this widespread YDB Pt anomaly is consistent with Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) data that indicated atmospheric input of platinum-rich dust. We expect the Pt anomaly to serve as a widely-distributed time marker horizon (datum) for identification and correlation of the onset of the YD climatic episode at 12,800 Cal B.P. This Pt datum will facilitate the dating and correlating of archaeological, paleontological, and paleoenvironmental data between sequences, especially those with limited age control.

Extent of the last ice sheet in northern Scotland tested with cosmogenic 10Be exposure ages

USGS Publications Warehouse

Phillips, W.M.; Hall, A.M.; Ballantyne, C.K.; Binnie, S.; Kubik, P.W.; Freeman, S.

2008-01-01

The extent of the last British-Irish Ice Sheet (BIIS) in northern Scotland is disputed. A restricted ice sheet model holds that at the global Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ca. 23-19 ka) the BIIS terminated on land in northern Scotland, leaving Buchan, Caithness and the Orkney Islands ice-free. An alternative model implies that these three areas were ice-covered at the LGM, with the BIIS extending offshore onto the adjacent shelves. We test the two models using cosmogenic 10Be surface exposure dating of erratic boulders and glacially eroded bedrock from the three areas. Our results indicate that the last BIIS covered all of northern Scotland during the LGM, but that widespread deglaciation of Caithness and Orkney occurred prior to rapid warming at ca. 14.5 ka. Copyright ?? 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

75 FR 75704 - Notice of Availability of Draft Supplement to the Environmental Assessment for the Proposed Pa...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-06

... irradiation, and (3) alternative sites for Pa'ina's irradiator. DATES: The public comment period on the Draft...'s irradiator, (2) electron-beam technology as an alternative to cobalt-60 irradiation, and (3... be used for the production and research irradiation of food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products...

Sub-ice-shelf sediments record history of twentieth-century retreat of Pine Island Glacier [Sub-ice shelf sediments record 20 th century retreat history of Pine Island Glacier

DOE PAGES

Smith, J. A.; Andersen, T. J.; Shortt, M.; ...

2016-11-23

The West Antarctic Ice Sheet is one of the largest potential sources of rising sea levels. Over the past 40 years, glaciers flowing into the Amundsen Sea sector of the ice sheet have thinned at an accelerating rate, and several numerical models suggest that unstable and irreversible retreat of the grounding line—which marks the boundary between grounded ice and floating ice shelf—is underway. Understanding this recent retreat requires a detailed knowledge of grounding-line history, but the locations of the grounding line before the advent of satellite monitoring in the 1990s are poorly dated. In particular, a history of grounding-line retreatmore » is required to understand the relative roles of contemporaneous ocean-forced change and of ongoing glacier response to an earlier perturbation in driving ice-sheet loss. Here we show that the present thinning and retreat of Pine Island Glacier in West Antarctica is part of a climatically forced trend that was triggered in the 1940s. Our conclusions arise from analysis of sediment cores recovered beneath the floating Pine Island Glacier ice shelf, and constrain the date at which the grounding line retreated from a prominent seafloor ridge. We find that incursion of marine water beyond the crest of this ridge, forming an ocean cavity beneath the ice shelf, occurred in 1945 (±12 years); final ungrounding of the ice shelf from the ridge occurred in 1970 (±4 years). The initial opening of this ocean cavity followed a period of strong warming of West Antarctica, associated with El Niño activity. Furthermore our results suggest that, even when climate forcing weakened, ice-sheet retreat continued.« less

Sub-ice-shelf sediments record history of twentieth-century retreat of Pine Island Glacier [Sub-ice shelf sediments record 20 th century retreat history of Pine Island Glacier

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Smith, J. A.; Andersen, T. J.; Shortt, M.

The West Antarctic Ice Sheet is one of the largest potential sources of rising sea levels. Over the past 40 years, glaciers flowing into the Amundsen Sea sector of the ice sheet have thinned at an accelerating rate, and several numerical models suggest that unstable and irreversible retreat of the grounding line—which marks the boundary between grounded ice and floating ice shelf—is underway. Understanding this recent retreat requires a detailed knowledge of grounding-line history, but the locations of the grounding line before the advent of satellite monitoring in the 1990s are poorly dated. In particular, a history of grounding-line retreatmore » is required to understand the relative roles of contemporaneous ocean-forced change and of ongoing glacier response to an earlier perturbation in driving ice-sheet loss. Here we show that the present thinning and retreat of Pine Island Glacier in West Antarctica is part of a climatically forced trend that was triggered in the 1940s. Our conclusions arise from analysis of sediment cores recovered beneath the floating Pine Island Glacier ice shelf, and constrain the date at which the grounding line retreated from a prominent seafloor ridge. We find that incursion of marine water beyond the crest of this ridge, forming an ocean cavity beneath the ice shelf, occurred in 1945 (±12 years); final ungrounding of the ice shelf from the ridge occurred in 1970 (±4 years). The initial opening of this ocean cavity followed a period of strong warming of West Antarctica, associated with El Niño activity. Furthermore our results suggest that, even when climate forcing weakened, ice-sheet retreat continued.« less

Sub-ice-shelf sediments record history of twentieth-century retreat of Pine Island Glacier.

PubMed

Smith, J A; Andersen, T J; Shortt, M; Gaffney, A M; Truffer, M; Stanton, T P; Bindschadler, R; Dutrieux, P; Jenkins, A; Hillenbrand, C-D; Ehrmann, W; Corr, H F J; Farley, N; Crowhurst, S; Vaughan, D G

2017-01-05

The West Antarctic Ice Sheet is one of the largest potential sources of rising sea levels. Over the past 40 years, glaciers flowing into the Amundsen Sea sector of the ice sheet have thinned at an accelerating rate, and several numerical models suggest that unstable and irreversible retreat of the grounding line-which marks the boundary between grounded ice and floating ice shelf-is underway. Understanding this recent retreat requires a detailed knowledge of grounding-line history, but the locations of the grounding line before the advent of satellite monitoring in the 1990s are poorly dated. In particular, a history of grounding-line retreat is required to understand the relative roles of contemporaneous ocean-forced change and of ongoing glacier response to an earlier perturbation in driving ice-sheet loss. Here we show that the present thinning and retreat of Pine Island Glacier in West Antarctica is part of a climatically forced trend that was triggered in the 1940s. Our conclusions arise from analysis of sediment cores recovered beneath the floating Pine Island Glacier ice shelf, and constrain the date at which the grounding line retreated from a prominent seafloor ridge. We find that incursion of marine water beyond the crest of this ridge, forming an ocean cavity beneath the ice shelf, occurred in 1945 (±12 years); final ungrounding of the ice shelf from the ridge occurred in 1970 (±4 years). The initial opening of this ocean cavity followed a period of strong warming of West Antarctica, associated with El Niño activity. Thus our results suggest that, even when climate forcing weakened, ice-sheet retreat continued.

Modelled Growth and Decay of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet Through the Last Glacial Cycle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marshall, S. J.; Banwell, A.

2015-12-01

The Cordilleran Ice Sheet in western North America had an enigmatic evolution during the last glacial cycle, developing out of sync with the larger Laurentide and global glaciation. The geological record suggests that the ice sheet emerged late, ca. 45 ka, growing to be a fully-established ice sheet in isotope stages 3 and 2 and deglaciating late in the glacial cycle. This has been a challenge to model, and is a paleoclimatic curiosity, because the western Cordillera of North America is heavily glacierized today, and one would intuitively expect it to act as an inception centre for the Pleistocene ice sheets. The region receives heavy precipitation, and modest cooling should induce large-scale glacier expansion. Indeed, a Cordilleran Ice Sheet quickly nucleates in isotope substage 5d in most ice sheet modeling studies to date, and is a resilient feature throughout the glaciation. The fact that a full-scale Cordilleran Ice Sheet did not develop until relatively late argues for either: (a) ice sheet models that have been inadequate in resolving the process of alpine-style glaciation, i.e., the coalescence of alpine icefields, or (b) a climatic history in western North America that deviated strongly from the hemispheric-scale cooling which drove the growth of the Laurentide and Scandinavian Ice Sheets, as recorded in Greenland. We argue that reasonable reconstructions of Cordilleran Ice Sheet growth and decay implicate a combination of these two considerations. Sufficient model resolution is required to capture the valley-bottom melt that suppresses icefield coalescence, while early-glacial cooling must have been modest in the Pacific sector of North America. We argue for a persistent warm, dry climate relative to that in eastern North America and the Atlantic sector, likely associated with positive feedbacks between atmospheric circulation and the nascent Laurentide Ice Sheet (i.e., peristent circulation patterns similar to those of 2014-2015). This must have been disrupted as the Laurentide thickened and advanced southward, allowing the Cordilleran Ice Sheet to emerge from numerous isolated icefield complexes.

46 CFR 164.015-1 - Applicable specifications and standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL MATERIALS Plastic Foam, Unicellular, Buoyant, Sheet... following specification and standard, of the issue in effect on the date the plastic foam material is... be kept on file by the plastic foam manufacturer with this subpart. (1) The Federal Specification and...

75 FR 8691 - Combined Notice of Filings # 3

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-25

..., 2010. Take notice that the Commission received the following electric rate filings: Docket Numbers.... Applicants: Xcel Energy Services Inc. Description: Northern States Power Company et al submits Original Sheet 1 et al to FERC Electric Tariff, Original Volume 3--FERC Electric Rate Schedule 280-NSP. Filed Date...

47. Photocopy of microfiched construction drawing by Yosemite National Park, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

47. Photocopy of microfiched construction drawing by Yosemite National Park, California, date unknown. (Microfiched drawing located at the Denver Service Center, #104/5048). ELECTRIC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (SHEET 2 OF 2, Weastern Section). - Yosemite Hydroelectric Power Plant, Highways 120 & 140, Yosemite Village, Mariposa County, CA

46. Photocopy of microfiched construction drawing by Yosemite National Park, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

46. Photocopy of microfiched construction drawing by Yosemite National Park, California, date unknown. (Microfiched drawing located at the Denver Service Center, #104/5048). ELECTRIC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (SHEET 1 OF 2, Eastern Section). - Yosemite Hydroelectric Power Plant, Highways 120 & 140, Yosemite Village, Mariposa County, CA

Practical Nursing. Volume II. Health Occupations Education. Revised.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rogers, Helen V.; Reid-Sloan, Jamee

This curriculum guide, revised from a 1975 edition, provides teachers with up-to-date information and skill-related applications needed by practical nurses. It includes 4 sections and 24 instructional units. Each unit of instruction consists of eight basic components: performance objectives, teacher activities, information sheets, assignment…

47 CFR 61.54 - Composition of tariffs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... currency, per chargeable unit of service for all communication services, together with a list of all points... order: A title page; check sheet; table of contents; list of concurring, connecting, and other... geographical application; and the type of facilities used to provide service. (3) Expiration date. Subject to...

46 CFR 164.015-1 - Applicable specifications and standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., CONSTRUCTION, AND MATERIALS: SPECIFICATIONS AND APPROVAL MATERIALS Plastic Foam, Unicellular, Buoyant, Sheet... following specification and standard, of the issue in effect on the date the plastic foam material is... be kept on file by the plastic foam manufacturer with this subpart. (1) The Federal Specification and...

Imprint of Late Quaternary Climate Change on the Mid-Atlantic Landscape

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pavich, M.; Markewich, H.; Newell, W. L.; Litwin, R.; Smoot, J.; Brook, G.

2009-12-01

Recent geomorphic, lithostratigraphic, palynologic and chronostratigraphic investigations of the mid-Atlantic region show that much of the modern landscape flanking the Chesapeake Bay and the Potomac River is developed on late Quaternary sediments. These deposits, dated by OSL and 14C, include transgressive marine and estuarine sediments deposited between 120ka and 32ka, and parabolic dunes formed between 32ka and 15ka. The stacked estuarine units were deposited in a subsiding basin as eustatic sea level fell from +7m to -60m. The estuarine units contain pollen that provides evidence for millennial scale climate fluctuations. The dunes formed during the period of rapid expansion of the Laurentide Ice Sheet as sea level fell to -120m. Permafrost features such as frost wedges and periglacial “pots” formed during cold intervals associated with marine oxygen isotope stages 4 and 2. This periglacial climate, along with glacioisostatic adjustments to growth and decay of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, affected landscape processes at least as far south as the Potomac River valley. While many of these features were recognized in earlier mapping and stratigraphic investigations, OSL dating has greatly extended the range of available dates and significantly improved our understanding of the impacts of highly variable periglacial climate on this region.

Computational chemistry in pharmaceutical research: at the crossroads.

PubMed

Bajorath, Jürgen

2012-01-01

Computational approaches are an integral part of pharmaceutical research. However, there are many of unsolved key questions that limit the scientific progress in the still evolving computational field and its impact on drug discovery. Importantly, a number of these questions are not new but date back many years. Hence, it might be difficult to conclusively answer them in the foreseeable future. Moreover, the computational field as a whole is characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity and so is, unfortunately, the quality of its scientific output. In light of this situation, it is proposed that changes in scientific standards and culture should be seriously considered now in order to lay a foundation for future progress in computational research.

The impacts of pharmaceutical drugs under ocean acidification: New data on single and combined long-term effects of carbamazepine on Scrobicularia plana.

PubMed

Freitas, Rosa; Almeida, Ângela; Calisto, Vânia; Velez, Cátia; Moreira, Anthony; Schneider, Rudolf J; Esteves, Valdemar I; Wrona, Frederick J; Figueira, Etelvina; Soares, Amadeu M V M

2016-01-15

Ocean acidification and increasing discharges of pharmaceutical contaminants into aquatic systems are among key and/or emerging drivers of environmental change affecting marine ecosystems. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that ocean acidification can have direct and indirect impacts on marine organisms although combined effects with other stressors, namely with pharmaceuticals, have received very little attention to date. The present study aimed to evaluate the impacts of the pharmaceutical drug Carbamazepine and pH 7.1, acting alone and in combination, on the clam Scrobicularia plana. For this, a long-term exposure (28 days)was conducted and a set of oxidative stress markers was investigated. The results obtained showed that S. plana was able to develop mechanisms to prevent oxidative damage when under low pH for a long period, presenting higher survival when exposed to this stressor compared to CBZ or the combination of CBZ with pH 7.1. Furthermore, the toxicity of CBZ on S. plana was synergistically increased under ocean acidification conditions (CBZ + pH 7.1): specimens survival was reduced and oxidative stress was enhanced when compared to single exposures. These findings add to the growing body of evidence that ocean acidification will act to increase the toxicity of CBZ to marine organisms,which has clear implications for coastal benthic ecosystems suffering chronic pollution from pharmaceutical drugs.

Quantifying Pharmaceutical Film Coating with Optical Coherence Tomography and Terahertz Pulsed Imaging: An Evaluation

PubMed Central

Lin, Hungyen; Dong, Yue; Shen, Yaochun; Zeitler, J Axel

2015-01-01

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) has recently attracted a lot of interest in the pharmaceutical industry as a fast and non-destructive modality for quantification of thin film coatings that cannot easily be resolved with other techniques. Because of the relative infancy of this technique, much of the research to date has focused on developing the in-line measurement technique for assessing film coating thickness. To better assess OCT for pharmaceutical coating quantification, this paper evaluates tablets with a range of film coating thickness measured using OCT and terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI) in an off-line setting. In order to facilitate automated coating quantification for film coating thickness in the range of 30–200 μm, an algorithm that uses wavelet denoising and a tailored peak finding method is proposed to analyse each of the acquired A-scan. Results obtained from running the algorithm reveal an increasing disparity between the TPI and OCT measured intra-tablet variability when film coating thickness exceeds 100 μm. The finding further confirms that OCT is a suitable modality for characterising pharmaceutical dosage forms with thin film coatings, whereas TPI is well suited for thick coatings. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 104:3377–3385, 2015 PMID:26284354

[Pharmaceutical preparations in the hospital. Analysis and in-house development of an automated system of management.

PubMed

Barberini, Cinzia; Lavezzini, Enrica; Zoboli, Daniela; Busani, Corrado

2018-02-01

In the past couple of years, the demand of galenic compounds has risen sharply. In order to plan the activity, our team designed and set up a database which stores all the necessary information related to drugs and ingredients. This allows our internal Galenic Laboratory to better manage the pharmaceutical prescriptions for the hospital and the outpatients, optimizing the use of raw materials. The application is based on the interconnection of prescription-related aspects (patients' and prescriber's details and prescription information). The prescription name is linked to the list of substances, which allows to monitor the stock levels. Inserting the daily dosage into the system, our personnel can calculate the monthly supply of the medicine. Each prescription contains specific warnings on printable labels. A printed sheet, inclusive of label and checks on the final preparation, is produced for each prescription. After a testing phase, the application gradually replaced our traditional process of pharmaceutical activity management, allowing for a more accurate scheduling of the medicine requests. The worksheet and its specific label are automatically generated. Then a prediction scheme is generated for the ordinary programmable galenic activity. The project successfully achieved the following goals: 1) automate the information flow related to preparations; 2) improve the response time in terms of drug preparation and delivery; 3) minimize the number of emergencies.

National Dam Inspection Program. Lake Lattimore Dam (NDI-ID Number PA-00406, DER-ID Number 52-78) Delaware River Basin, Pike County, Pennsylvania. Phase I Inspection Report.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-06-01

V 5 - 1i/ .; t (cl S . /40 T POo. t t tv / I? I H 4O/- /o 31. C1 A Lot,- PoL e (6I 3 / - - - v ... S . OFCHKD. BY ------ DATE-------. . .. . . . . . R JE T : f6. SUBJECT --------------------------. PROECT-!. II Ii I V 1:2 ,,.,, - ) ) .( y...DATE/,/’ -’ REEGER ASSOCIATES SHEET NO. 7, CNKD. BY DATE PROJECT SUBJECT t AXtI Ic C / PA; 4 ( It o’,’ ’- ,’ S ’ L V / 4 LA d1A ’l, V HYC4P) 4,A 4, I

The Ecosystem Indicator Partnership shifts from ESIP 1.0 to ESIP 2.0

EPA Science Inventory

The Gulf of Maine Council’s EcoSystem Indicator Partnership (ESIP) was formed in 2006 to look at change in the Gulf of Maine ecosystem through the use of indicators. To date, ESIP has published 6 fact sheets on: aquaculture, aquatic Habitats, climate change, coastal develop...

75 FR 17404 - Combined Notice of Filings # 1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-06

..., 2010. Take notice that the Commission received the following electric rate filings: Docket Numbers: ER10-547-001. Applicants: Golden Spread Electric Cooperative, Inc. Description: Golden Spread Electric... Revised Sheet 7 et al. to FERC Electric Tariff, Fifth Revised Volume 1 to be effective 3/31/10. Filed Date...

77 FR 68760 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-16

... that the Commission has received the following Natural Gas Pipeline Rate and Refund Report filings... Substitute Sheet to be effective 12/1/2012. Filed Date: 11/6/12. Accession Number: 20121106-5132. Comments Due: 5 p.m. ET 11/14/12. Docket Numbers: RP13-169-001. [[Page 68761

18 CFR 284.287 - Implementation and effective date.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OTHER REGULATIONS UNDER THE NATURAL GAS POLICY ACT OF 1978 AND RELATED AUTHORITIES CERTAIN SALES AND TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL GAS UNDER THE NATURAL GAS POLICY ACT OF 1978 AND... J, a pipeline must file revised tariff sheets incorporating the provisions of this subpart J. (b) A...

77 FR 23713 - Pesticides; Final Guidance on Material Safety Data Sheets as Pesticide Labeling; Request for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-20

... pesticides registered under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), and the Material... the information collection activities and related burden estimates associated with the guidance provided in PR Notice 2012-1. DATES: Comments on the Agency's information collection activities and related...

12 CFR 1750.4 - Minimum capital requirement computation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... amounts: (1) 2.50 percent times the aggregate on-balance sheet assets of the Enterprise; (2) 0.45 percent times the unpaid principal balance of mortgage-backed securities and substantially equivalent... last day of the quarter just ended (or the date for which the minimum capital report is filed, if...

17 CFR 210.10-01 - Interim financial statements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... accountant on the review must be filed with the interim financial statements. (e) Filing of other interim... sheets shall include only major captions (i.e., numbered captions) prescribed by the applicable sections... the date of any material accounting change and the reasons for making it. In addition, for filings on...

Ice Sheet and Sea Ice Observations from Unmanned Aircraft Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Crocker, R. I.; Maslanik, J. A.

2011-12-01

A suite of sensors has been assembled to map ice sheet and sea ice surface topography with fine-resolution from small unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). This payload is optimized to provide coincident surface elevation and imagery data, and with its low cost and ease of reproduction, it has the potential to become a widely-distributed observational resource to complement polar manned-aircraft and satellite missions. To date, it has been deployed to map ice sheet elevations near Jakobshavn Isbræ in Greenland, and to measure sea ice freeboard and roughness in Fram Strait off the coast of Svalbard. Data collected during these campaigns have facilitate a detailed assessment of the system's surface elevation measurement accuracy, and provide a glimpse of the summer 2009 Fram Strait sea ice conditions. These findings are presented, along with a brief overview of our future Arctic UAS operations.

Integrated Electronic Warfare System Advanced Development Model (ADM); Appendix 1 - Functional Requirement Specification.

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-10-01

APPROVED DATE FUNCTION APPROVED jDATE WRITER J . K-olanek 2/6/76 REVISIONS CHK DESCRIPTION REV CHK DESCRIPTION IREV REVISION jJ ~ ~ ~~~ _ II SHEET NO...DOCUMENT (CDBDD) 45 5.5 COMPUTER PROGRAM PACKAGE (CPP)- j 45 5.6 COMPUTER PROGRAM OPERATOR’S MANUAL (CPOM) 45 5.7 COMPUTER PROGRAM TEST PLAN (CPTPL) 45...I LIST OF FIGURES Number Page 1 JEWS Simplified Block Diagram 4 2 System Controller Architecture 5 SIZE CODE IDENT NO DRAWING NO. A 49956 SCALE REV J

25. 'HANGAR SHEDS TRUSSES DETAILS; ARCHITECTURAL PLANS ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

25. 'HANGAR SHEDS - TRUSSES - DETAILS; ARCHITECTURAL PLANS - PLANT AREA; MODIFICATION CENTER NO. 1, DAGGETT, CALIFORNIA.' Sections and details of trusses, ironwork, and joints, as modified to show ridge joint detail. As built. This blueline also shows the fire suppression system, added in orange pencil for 'Project 13: Bldgs. T-30, T-50, T-70, T-90' at a later, unspecified date. Contract no. W509 Eng. 2743; File no. 555/84, revision B, dated August 24, 1942. No sheet number. - Barstow-Daggett Airport, Hangar Shed No. 4, 39500 National Trails Highway, Daggett, San Bernardino County, CA

Drug residues and endocrine disruptors in drinking water: risk for humans?

PubMed

Touraud, Evelyne; Roig, Benoit; Sumpter, John P; Coetsier, Clémence

2011-11-01

The presence of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors in the environment raises many questions about risk to the environment and human health. Environmental exposure has been largely studied, providing to date a realistic picture of the degree of contamination of the environment by pharmaceuticals and hormones. Conversely, little information is available regarding human exposure. NSAIDS, carbamazepine, iodinated contrast media, β-blockers, antibiotics have been detected in drinking water, mostly in the range of ng/L. it is questioned if such concentrations may affect human health. Currently, no consensus among the scientific community exists on what risk, if any, pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors pose to human health. Future European research will focus, on one hand, on genotoxic and cytotoxic anti-cancer drugs and, on the other hand, on the induction of genetic resistance by antibiotics. This review does not aim to give a comprehensive overview of human health risk of drug residues and endocrine disruptors in drinking water but rather highlight important topics of discussion. Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier GmbH.

Effects of Repeated Intraperitoneal Injection of Pharmaceutical-grade and Nonpharmaceutical-grade Corn Oil in Female C57BL/6J Mice

PubMed Central

Hubbard, Jennifer S; Chen, Patty H; Boyd, Kelli L

2017-01-01

Due to potential adverse effects on animal wellbeing, the use of nonpharmaceutical-grade substances in animal research must be scientifically justified in cases where a pharmaceutical-grade version of the substance exists. This requirement applies to all substances, including vehicles used to solubilize experimental drugs. To date, no studies have evaluated the direct effect of the pharmaceutical classification of a compound on animal wellbeing. In this study, we evaluated intraperitoneal administration of pharmaceutical-grade corn oil, nonpharmaceutical-grade corn oil, and saline in female C57BL/6J mice. Compounds were administered every 48 h for a total of 4 injections. Mice were evaluated clinically by using body weight, body condition score, visual assessment score, CBC, and serum chemistries. Animals were euthanized at 24 h and 14 d after the final injection. Inflammation of the peritoneal wall and mesenteric fat was assessed microscopically by using a semiquantitative scoring system. Saline-dosed groups had lower pathology scores at both time points. At day 21, pharmaceutical-grade corn oil had a significantly higher pathology score compared with nonpharmaceutical-grade corn oil. No other significant differences between the corn oil groups were observed. The use of nonpharmaceutical grade corn oil did not result in adverse clinical consequences and is presumed safe to use for intraperitoneal injection in mice. Differences in inflammation between the 2 groups suggest that the use of either pharmaceutical-grade or nonpharmaceutical-grade corn oil should be consistent within a study. PMID:29256373

Extensive retreat and re-advance of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet during the Holocene.

PubMed

Kingslake, J; Scherer, R P; Albrecht, T; Coenen, J; Powell, R D; Reese, R; Stansell, N D; Tulaczyk, S; Wearing, M G; Whitehouse, P L

2018-06-01

To predict the future contributions of the Antarctic ice sheets to sea-level rise, numerical models use reconstructions of past ice-sheet retreat after the Last Glacial Maximum to tune model parameters 1 . Reconstructions of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet have assumed that it retreated progressively throughout the Holocene epoch (the past 11,500 years or so) 2-4 . Here we show, however, that over this period the grounding line of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (which marks the point at which it is no longer in contact with the ground and becomes a floating ice shelf) retreated several hundred kilometres inland of today's grounding line, before isostatic rebound caused it to re-advance to its present position. Our evidence includes, first, radiocarbon dating of sediment cores recovered from beneath the ice streams of the Ross Sea sector, indicating widespread Holocene marine exposure; and second, ice-penetrating radar observations of englacial structure in the Weddell Sea sector, indicating ice-shelf grounding. We explore the implications of these findings with an ice-sheet model. Modelled re-advance of the grounding line in the Holocene requires ice-shelf grounding caused by isostatic rebound. Our findings overturn the assumption of progressive retreat of the grounding line during the Holocene in West Antarctica, and corroborate previous suggestions of ice-sheet re-advance 5 . Rebound-driven stabilizing processes were apparently able to halt and reverse climate-initiated ice loss. Whether these processes can reverse present-day ice loss 6 on millennial timescales will depend on bedrock topography and mantle viscosity-parameters that are difficult to measure and to incorporate into ice-sheet models.

75 FR 19409 - Request for Comment on Minimum Requirements for Criteria in Fiscal Year 2011 Grant Applications...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-14

... name and date of birth, a corresponding DEA registration number, and State medical license number. In... information is for the purpose of providing medical or pharmaceutical treatment or evaluating the need for... relievers at approximately the same rate as marijuana. That same report indicates that 55.9% of those...

Prospects for Dating the South Pole-Aitken Basin through Impact-Melt Rock Samples

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cohen, B. A.; Coker, R. F.; Petro, N. E.

2016-01-01

Much of the present debate about the ages of the nearside basins arises because of the difficulty in understanding the relationship of recovered samples to their parent basin. The Apollo breccias are from basin ejecta formations, which are ballistically-emplaced distal deposits that have mixed provenances. The Nectaris, Imbrium, and Serenitatis basins all have mare-basalt fill obscuring their original melt sheets, so geochemical ties are indirect. Though the geological processes acting to vertically and laterally mix materials into regolith are the same as at the Apollo sites, the SPA interior is a fundamentally different geologic setting than the Apollo sites. The South Pole-Aitken basin was likely filled by a large impact melt sheet, possibly differentiated into cumulate horizons. It is on this distinctive melt sheet that the regolith has formed, somewhat diluting but not erasing the prominent geochemical signature seen from orbital assets. By analogy to the Apollo 16 site, a zeroth-order expectation is that bulk samples taken from regolith within SPA will contain abundant samples gardened from the SPA melt sheet. However, questions persist as to whether the SPA melt sheet has been so extensively contaminated with foreign ejecta that a simple robotic scoop sample of such regolith would be unlikely to yield the age of the basin.

Sheet Probability Index (SPI): Characterizing the geometrical organization of the white matter with diffusion MRI

PubMed Central

Tax, Chantal M.W.; Haije, Tom Dela; Fuster, Andrea; Westin, Carl-Fredrik; Viergever, Max A.; Florack, Luc; Leemans, Alexander

2017-01-01

The question whether our brain pathways adhere to a geometric grid structure has been a popular topic of debate in the diffusion imaging and neuroscience society. Wedeen et al. (2012a b) proposed that the brain’s white matter is organized like parallel sheets of interwoven pathways. Catani et al. (2012) concluded that this grid pattern is most likely an artifact, resulting from methodological biases that cause the tractography pathways to cross in orthogonal angles. To date, ambiguities in the mathematical conditions for a sheet structure to exist (e.g. its relation to orthogonal angles) combined with the lack of extensive quantitative evidence have prevented wide acceptance of the hypothesis. In this work, we formalize the relevant terminology and recapitulate the condition for a sheet structure to exist. Note that this condition is not related to the presence or absence of orthogonal crossing fibers, and that sheet structure is defined formally as a surface formed by two sets of interwoven pathways intersecting at arbitrary angles within the surface. To quantify the existence of sheet structure, we present a novel framework to compute the sheet probability index (SPI), which reflects the presence of sheet structure in discrete orientation data (e.g. fiber peaks derived from diffusion MRI). With simulation experiments we investigate the effect of spatial resolution, curvature of the fiber pathways, and measurement noise on the ability to detect sheet structure. In real diffusion MRI data experiments we can identify various regions where the data supports sheet structure (high SPI values), but also areas where the data does not support sheet structure (low SPI values) or where no reliable conclusion can be drawn. Several areas with high SPI values were found to be consistent across subjects, across multiple data sets obtained with different scanners, resolutions, and degrees of diffusion weighting, and across various modeling techniques. Under the strong assumption that the diffusion MRI peaks reflect true axons, our results would therefore indicate that pathways do not form sheet structures at every crossing fiber region but instead at well-defined locations in the brain. With this framework, sheet structure location, extent, and orientation could potentially serve as new structural features of brain tissue. The proposed method can be extended to quantify sheet structure in directional data obtained with techniques other than diffusion MRI, which is essential for further validation. PMID:27456538

Friis Hills Drilling Project - Coring an Early to mid-Miocene terrestrial sequence in the Transantarctic Mountains to examine climate gradients and ice sheet variability along an inland-to-offshore transect

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lewis, A. R.; Levy, R. H.; Naish, T.; Gorman, A. R.; Golledge, N.; Dickinson, W. W.; Kraus, C.; Florindo, F.; Ashworth, A. C.; Pyne, A.; Kingan, T.

2015-12-01

The Early to mid-Miocene is a compelling interval to study Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) sensitivity. Circulation patterns in the southern hemisphere were broadly similar to present and reconstructed atmospheric CO2 concentrations were analogous to those projected for the next several decades. Geologic records from locations proximal to the AIS are required to examine ice sheet response to climate variability during this time. Coastal and offshore drill core records recovered by ANDRILL and IODP provide information regarding ice sheet variability along and beyond the coastal margin but they cannot constrain the extent of inland retreat. Additional environmental data from the continental interior is required to constrain the magnitude of ice sheet variability and inform numerical ice sheet models. The only well-dated terrestrial deposits that register early to mid-Miocene interior ice extent and climate are in the Friis Hills, 80 km inland. The deposits record multiple glacial-interglacial cycles and fossiliferous non-glacial beds show that interglacial climate was warm enough for a diverse biota. Drifts are preserved in a shallow valley with the oldest beds exposed along the edges where they terminate at sharp erosional margins. These margins reveal drifts in short stratigraphic sections but none is more than 13 m thick. A 34 m-thick composite stratigraphic sequence has been produced from exposed drift sequences but correlating beds in scattered exposures is problematic. Moreover, much of the sequence is buried and inaccessible in the basin center. New seismic data collected during 2014 reveal a sequence of sediments at least 50 m thick. This stratigraphic package likely preserves a detailed and more complete sedimentary sequence for the Friis Hills that can be used to refine and augment the outcrop-based composite stratigraphy. We aim to drill through this sequence using a helicopter-transportable diamond coring system. These new cores will allow us to obtain continuous measurements on unweathered material through the terrestrial sequence. Beds of tephra are exposed in outcrop and we expect to encounter these key age markers in the cored sequence. These new high quality, well-dated terrestrial data will be directly compared to marine cores to provide environmental data across a broad onshore-offshore transect.

Suppression and dissolution of amyloid aggregates using ionic liquids.

PubMed

Takekiyo, Takahiro; Yoshimura, Yukihiro

2018-04-25

Amyloid aggregates are composed of protein fibrils with a dominant β-sheet structure, are water-insoluble, and are involved in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases. Development of pharmaceuticals to treat these diseases and the design of recovery agents for amyloid-type inclusion bodies require the successful suppression and dissolution of such aggregates. Since ionic liquids (ILs) are composed of both a cation and anion and are known to suppress protein aggregation and to dissolve water-insoluble compounds such as cellulose; they may also have potential use as suppression/dissolution agents for amyloid aggregates. In the following review, we present the suppression and dissolution effects of ILs on amyloid aggregates so far reported. The protein-IL affinity (the ability of ILs to interact with amyloid proteins) was found to be the biochemical basis for ILs' suppression of amyloid formation, and the hydrogen-bonding basicity of ILs might be the basis for their ability to dissolve amyloid aggregates. These findings present the potential of ILs to serve as novel pharmaceuticals to treat neurodegenerative diseases and as recovery agents for various amyloid aggregates.

Component Selection for Sterile Compounding.

PubMed

Dilzer, Richard H

2017-01-01

This article describes the factors to consider, as well as the process of proper component selection, for use in preparing compounded sterile preparations. Special emphasis is placed on individual chemical factors that may impact a preparation's accuracy and potency. Values reported in a typical certificate of analysis are discussed, including methods of identifying any required adjustments to a master formulation or compounding record during the compounding of sterile preparations. Proper screening of the certificate of analysis, the Safety Data Sheet, procedural documentation, and the filing of all certificates of conformance are crucial to the operation of a sterile compounding facility. Copyright© by International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding, Inc.

12 CFR 563c.102 - Financial statement presentation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... sheet date, disclose in a note the aggregate dollar amount of loans (exclusive of loans to any such... holders, out of future earnings) and the rights, if any, of holders in the event of default, including the effect, if any, on junior securities in the event a required dividend, sinking fund, or other redemption...

CBETA Design Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hoffstaetter, G.; Trbojevic, D.; Mayes, C.

This Design Report describes the baseline design of the Cornell-BNL ERL Test Accelerator, as it exists on the date of its publication in June 2017. The Design Report will not change frequently in the future. In contrast, the parameter sheets that summarize the CBETA design will respond as quickly and as thoroughly as necessary to maintain con guration control.

CBETA Design Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hoffstaetter, G.; Trbojevic, D.; Mayes, C.

This Design Report describes the baseline design of the Cornell-BNL ERL Test Accelerator, as it exists on the date of its publication in June 2017. The Design Report will not change frequently in the future. In contrast, the parameter sheets that summarize the CBETA design will respond as quickly and as thoroughly as necessary to maintain configuration control.

18 CFR 367.2360 - Account 236, Taxes accrued.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... accrued. (a) This account must be credited with the amount of taxes accrued during the accounting period... date of the balance sheet, must be shown under account 165, Prepayments (§ 367.1650). (b) If accruals... accruals. (c) Accruals for taxes must be based upon the net amounts payable after credit for any discounts...

State Fact Sheets on Household Energy Use

EIA Publications

2013-01-01

The Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS) gathers information through personal interviews with a nationwide sample of homes and energy suppliers. The 2009 survey was the largest RECS to date and the larger sample size allowed for the release of data for 16 individual states, in addition to national, regional, and division-level estimates.

Biological Markers of Environmental Carcinogens in Breast Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-10-01

their patients to Drs. Estabrook and Schnabel for breast health care. Further, data on birth date and residential zip code were analyzed from a random...interview is completed. The spread sheet is in a Lotus 1-2-3 WK1 format for simple importation into the SPSS statistics package. Pathology reports and

76 FR 34653 - National Conference on Weights and Measures 2011 Annual Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-14

... polyethylene sheeting and bags. Item 260-3. Moisture Allowance for Pasta Products--The L&R Committee will consider a proposal to adopt a 3% moisture allowance for macaroni, noodle, and like products (pasta... shortages in the weight of packages of pasta are reasonable. Dated: June 8, 2011. Charles H. Romine, Acting...

17 CFR 210.3-17 - Financial statements of natural persons.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... natural persons. 210.3-17 Section 210.3-17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE... Financial Statements § 210.3-17 Financial statements of natural persons. (a) In lieu of the financial statements otherwise required, a natural person may file an unaudited balance sheet as of a date within 90...

77 FR 73028 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-07

...: Puget Sound Energy, Inc. Description: OATT Revised Cover Sheet to be effective 11/14/2011. Filed Date... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Combined Notice of Filings 1 Take notice...-2468-002; ER10-2596-002; ER10- 2597-002; ER11-3589-003; ER11-3325-003. Applicants: BP Energy Company...

Important Historical Events in Reading Instruction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ediger, Marlow

This paper lists and dates important historical happenings related to reading instruction. John Locke (1632-1704) was an early advocate that school should be a pleasant place to learn. He believed in the "tabula rasa" theory whereby a student had a mind like a blank sheet with nothing printed initially. Starting from the conception that…

A middle Pleistocene through middle Miocene moraine sequence in the central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balter, A.; Bromley, G. R.; Balco, G.; Thomas, H.; Jackson, M. S.

2017-12-01

Ice-free areas at high elevation in the central Transantarctic Mountains preserve extensive moraine sequences and drift deposits that comprise a geologic record of former East Antarctic Ice Sheet thickness and extent. We are applying cosmogenic-nuclide exposure dating to determine the ages of these moraine sequences at Roberts Massif and Otway Massif, at the heads of the Shackleton and Beardmore Glaciers, respectively. Moraines at these sites are for the most part openwork boulder belts characteristic of deposition by cold-based ice, which is consistent with present climate and glaciological conditions. To develop our chronology, we collected samples from 30 distinct ice-marginal landforms and have so far measured >100 3He, 10Be, and 21Ne exposure ages. Apparent exposure ages range from 1-14 Ma, which shows that these landforms record glacial events between the middle Pleistocene and middle Miocene. These data show that the thickness of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet in this region was similar to or thicker than present for long periods between the middle Miocene and today. The time range represented by these moraine sequences indicates that they may also provide direct geologic evidence for East Antarctic Ice Sheet behavior during past periods of warmer-than-present climate, specifically the Miocene and Pliocene. As the East Antarctic Ice Sheet is the largest ice sheet on earth, understanding its sensitivity to warm-climate conditions is critical for projections of ice sheet behavior and sea-level rise in future warm climates.

Ocean-Ice Sheet Interactions in the Norwegian Sea and Teleconnections to Low Latitude Hydrology and Atmospheric Circulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brendryen, J.; Hannisdal, B.; Haaga, K. A.; Haflidason, H.; Castro, D. D.; Grasmo, K. J.; Sejrup, H. P.; Edwards, R. L.; Cheng, H.; Kelly, M. J.; Lu, Y.

2016-12-01

Abrupt millennial scale climatic events known as Dansgaard-Oeschger events are a defining feature of the Quaternary climate system dynamics in the North Atlantic and beyond. We present a high-resolution multi-proxy record of ocean-ice sheet interactions in the Norwegian Sea spanning the interval between 50 and 150 ka BP. A comparison with low latitude records indicates a very close connection between the high northern latitude ocean-ice sheet interactions and large scale changes in low latitude atmospheric circulation and hydrology even on sub-millennial scales. The records are placed on a common precise radiometric chronology based on correlations to U/Th dated speleothem records from China and the Alps. This enables a comparison of the records to orbital and other climatically important parameters such as U/Th dated sea-level data from corals and speleothems. We explore the drive-response relationships in these coupled systems with the information transfer (IT) and the convergent cross mapping (CCM) analytical techniques. These methods employ conceptually different approaches to detect the relative strength and directionality of potentially chaotic and nonlinearly coupled systems. IT is a non-parametric measure of information transfer between data records based on transfer entropy, while CCM relies on delay reconstructions using Takens' theorem. This approach enables us to address how the climate system processes interact and how this interaction is affected by external forcing from for example greenhouse gases and orbital variability.

Arctic Dinoflagellate Migration Marks the Oligocene Glacial Maximum: Implications for the Rupelian-Chattian Boundary

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van Simaeys, S.; Brinkhuis, H.; Pross, J.; Williams, G. L.; Zachos, J. C.

2004-12-01

Various geochemical and biotic climate proxies, and notably deep-sea benthic foraminiferal δ 18O records indicate that the Eocene 'greenhouse' state of the Earth gradually evolved towards an earliest Oligocene 'icehouse' state, eventually triggering the abrupt appearance of large continental ice-sheets on Antarctic at ˜33.3 Ma (Oi-1 event). This, however, was only the first of two major glacial events in the Oligocene. Benthic foraminiferal δ 18O records show a second positive excursion in the mid Oligocene, consistent with a significant ice-sheet expansion and/or cooling at 27.1 Ma (Oi-2b) coincident with magnetosubchron C9n. Here, we report on a mid Oligocene, globally synchronous, Arctic dinoflagellate migration event, calibrated against the upper half of C9n. A sudden appearance, and abundance increases of the Arctic taxon Svalbardella at lower-middle latitudes coincides with the so-called Oi-2b benthic δ 18O event, dated at ˜27.1 Ma. This phenomenon is taken to indicate significant high-latitude surface water cooling, concomitant Antarctic ice-sheet growth, and sea level lowering. The duration of the Svalbardella migrations, and the episode of profound cooling is estimated as ˜500 ka, and is here termed the Oligocene Glacial Maximum (OGM). Our records suggest a close link between the OGM, sea-level fall, and the classic Rupelian-Chattian boundary, magnetostratigraphically dating this boundary as ˜27.1 Ma.

20. 'Erection Plan, Renewal of Bridge 210 C over Sacramento ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

20. 'Erection Plan, Renewal of Bridge 210 C over Sacramento River near Tehama, Calif., 3 140'-0' S. T. Riveted Thru Truss Spans, 17'-9' C. to C. Trusses, 31'-0' C. To C. Chords. U.S.S. P. Co. Pacific Coast Dept., Order No. SF 604, Southern Pacific Co., Order No. 51168-P-38428, 1925 Specifications, Scale in. ft., American Bridge Co., Ambridge Plant, Dwgs. made at Ambridge No. 5 in charge of Reehl, Detailed by W.F.R., Date, Checked by L.A.E., Date 1/5/29, Fld. conn. chk. by ENN, Date 3/9/29, Order No. F5659, Sheet No. E3.' - Southern Pacific Railroad Shasta Route, Bridge No. 210.52, Milepost 210.52, Tehama, Tehama County, CA

Chronologic evidence for multiple periods of loess deposition during the Late Pleistocene in the Missouri and Mississippi River Valley, United States: Implications for the activity of the Laurentide ice sheet

USGS Publications Warehouse

Forman, S.L.; Bettis, E. Arthur; Kemmis, T.J.; Miller, B.B.

1992-01-01

The loess stratigraphy of the mid-continental U.S. is an important proxy record for the activity of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in North America. One of the most outstanding problems is deciphering the age of loess deposits in this area during the late Pleistocene. Radiocarbon dating of snails and thermoluminescence dating of the fine-silt fraction (4-11 ??m) from loess at the Loveland Loess type section, Loveland, Iowa and a recent excavation at the Pleasant Grove School section. Madison County, Illinois provide new chronologic control on loess deposition in the Mississippi/Missouri River Valley chronology indicates that the Loveland Loess is Illinoian in age (135??20 ka) but is not correlative with the Teneriffe Silt which is dated to 77 ?? 8 ka. Concordant radiocarbon and thermoluminescence age estimates demonstrate that the Roxana Silt and a correlative loess in Iowa, the Pisgah Formation, is probably 40-30 ka old. These age estimates in conjunction with previous results indicate that there were four periods of loess deposition during the last 150 ka at 25-12 ka, 45-30 ka, 85-70 ka and at ca. 135 ?? 20 ka. This chronology of loess deposition supports the presence of both a late Illinoian and early Wisconsinan loess and associated soils. Thus, there may be more than one soil in the loess stratigraphy of the mid-continental U.S. with morphologies similar to the Sangamon Soil. The last three periods of loess deposition may be correlative with periods of elevated dust concentrations recorded in the Dye 3 ice core from southern Greenland. This is particularly significant because both areas possibly had the same source for eolian particles. Reconstructions of atmospheric circulation for glacial periods show a southerly deflected jet stream that could have transported dust from the mid-continental USA to southern Greenland. Lastly, the inferred record of loess deposition is parallel to a chronology for deglaciation of the Laurentide Ice Sheet deciphered from chronologic and stratigraphic studies of raised glacial and marine sediments in the Hudson Bay Lowlands, Canada. These chronologies indicate that the Laurentide Ice Sheet was quite dynamic during the late Pleistocene, advancing and retreating across North America at least four times during the last 150 ka. ?? 1992.

[Off-label use: update and relevance for urology].

PubMed

Krege, S; Rohde, D

2007-07-01

The use of pharmaceuticals beyond the approved indication and conditions (off-label use) is of increasing public interest in times of necessary financial constraints in public health together with the high requirements for drug safety to protect the patient. Remarkably, more than half of the therapies in oncology are performed as off-label use. The discussion on off-label use is controversial and based on different points of interests. Evaluation of therapeutic agents by the pharmaceutical industry is predominantly driven by marketing and business requirements. As a consequence, treatment of rare diseases is often only possible by off-label use, creating more or less an off-label need. Reimbursement by health-care insurance is based on the approval of a pharmaceutical substance for a particular situation, because only the rigorous licensing process assures that the verified efficacy is higher than the, often severe, adverse side effects. It is a well known fact that the sometimes adverse events, which occur on administration of substances in an off-label fashion, are not included in the information on the regular use of a given drug. Finally, physicians request a controlled off-label use, which only allows experienced colleagues and (sub)-specialized oncologists to use pharmaceuticals in an off-label fashion. Up to date no legal documents exist that provide regulations for such an off-label usage.

Prerequisites for the pharmaceutical industry to develop and commercialise helminths and helminth-derived product therapy.

PubMed

Tilp, Cornelia; Kapur, Vishal; Loging, Will; Erb, Klaus J

2013-03-01

During the past 10 years, immunologists, epidemiologists and parasitologists have made many new exciting discoveries in the field of helminth-mediated immune regulation. In addition, many animal experiments have shown that certain helminths or products derived from helminths can protect mice from developing allergic or autoimmune disease. Some clinical trials utilising Trichuris suis or Necator americanus for the treatment of allergic disorders and inflammatory bowel disease have been conducted. The outcomes of these trials suggest that they may be used to treat these disorders. However, to date no helminth therapy is routinely being applied to patients and no helminth-derived product therapy has been developed. In order to bring new drugs to the market and shoulder the enormous costs involved in developing such therapies, pharmaceutical companies need to be involved. However, currently the resources from the pharmaceutical industry devoted to this concept are relatively small and there are good reasons why the industry may have been reluctant to invest in developing these types of therapies. In this review article, the hurdles that must be overcome before the pharmaceutical industry might invest in these novel therapies are outlined. Copyright © 2013 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Banning standard cell engineering notebook

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1976-01-01

A family of standardized thick-oxide P-MOS building blocks (standard cells) is described. The information is presented in a form useful for systems designs, logic design, and the preparation of inputs to both sets of Design Automation programs for array design and analysis. A data sheet is provided for each cell and gives the cell name, the cell number, its logic symbol, Boolean equation, truth table, circuit schematic circuit composite, input-output capacitances, and revision date. The circuit type file, also given for each cell, together with the logic drawing contained on the data sheet provides all the information required to prepare input data files for the Design Automation Systems. A detailed description of the electrical design procedure is included.

Holocene relative sea level changes in Greenland: a review

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bennike, O.

2010-12-01

During the Holocene marked relative sea-level changes have taken place in the ice-free parts of Greenland. Already in 1776 it was reported that Thule winter houses and Norse ruins were partly inundated by the sea, and in 1962 the first emergence curve from Greenland was published. This has been followed by reconstruction of many other emergence curves. During the last ice age, large volumes of water were stored in the ice sheets. When the ice melted global sea level rose. In Greenland the ice sheet shrank in size, and the following emergence of the land surpassed the global sea level rise. Raised beach ridges, deltas and marine deposits are widespread in Greenland, and the uppermost form the marine limit, above which fresh-looking till deposits and perched boulders can be found. The marine limit has been mapped at numerous sites in Greenland, and the highest is at about 140 metres above the present sea level. In general, the marine limit is highest in those areas that were released from the largest load of ice. In other Arctic regions, well-constrained sea level curves have been constructed from dated drift-wood samples or whale bones from raised beaches. However, both driftwood and whale bones are rare in Greenland, and most curves have been developed from dated shells of bivalves. In the past years, isolation basins have increasingly been used to reconstruct sea level changes after the last deglaciation. Isolation basins are formed when the threshold of marine basins are lifted up above sea level. The use of this method requires that a series of lakes can be sampled at different elevations below the marine limit. Sampling of marine basins in shallow waters has also shown that many lakes have been inundated by the sea, and by dating the transgression horizons in the sediment sequences and by determining the depth of the sill, it is possible to work out curves for relative sea level rises during the past millennia. The global sea level has been fairly stable during the late Holocene, and the relative sea level rise seen in Greenland may be due to growth of the ice sheet, or related to the decay of the Laurentide ice sheet in North America. New shore-line displacement curves are presented for different parts of Greenland, and their implications with respect to the history of the Greenland ice sheet will be discussed. Comparisons between sea level data and curves based on geophysical modelling often show poor match, and it appears that the models have underestimated the rate and magnitude of ice load changes.

Continuous, Pulsed Export of Methane-Supersaturated Meltwaters from the Bed of the Greenland Ice Sheet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lamarche-Gagnon, G.; Wadham, J.; Beaton, A.; Fietzek, P.; Stanley, K. M.; Tedstone, A.; Sherwood Lollar, B.; Lacrampe Couloume, G.; Telling, J.; Liz, B.; Hawkings, J.; Kohler, T. J.; Zarsky, J. D.; Stibal, M.; Mowlem, M. C.

2016-12-01

Both past and present ice sheets have been proposed to cap large quantities of methane (CH4), on orders of magnitude significant enough to impact global greenhouse gas concentrations during periods of rapid ice retreat. However, to date most evidence for sub-ice sheet methane has been indirect, derived from calculations of the methanogenic potential of basal-ice microbial communities and biogeochemical models; field-based empirical measurements are lacking from large ice sheet catchments. Here, we present the first continuous, in situ record of dissolved methane export from a large catchment of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) in South West Greenland from May-July 2015. Our results indicate that glacial runoff was continuously supersaturated with methane over the observation period (dissolved CH4 concentrations of 30-700 nM), with total methane flux rising as subglacial discharge increased. Periodic subglacial drainage events, characterised by rapid changes (i.e. pulses) in meltwater hydrochemistry, also coincided with a rise in methane concentrations. We argue that these are likely indicative of the flushing of subglacial reservoirs of CH4 beneath the ice sheet. Total methane export was relatively modest when compared to global methane budgets, but too high to be explained by previously determined methanogenic rates from Greenland basal ice. Discrepancies between estimated Greenland methane reserves and observed fluxes stress the need to further investigate GrIS methane fluxes and sources, and suggest a more biogeochemically active subglacial environment than previously considered. Results indicate that future warming, and a coincident increase in ice melt rates, would likely make the GrIS, and by extension the Antarctic Ice Sheet, more significant sources of atmospheric methane, consequently acting as a positive feedback to a warming climate.

Extensive massive basal-ice structures in West Antarctica relate to ice-sheet anisotropy and ice-flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ross, N.; Bingham, R. G.; Corr, H. F. J.; Siegert, M. J.

2016-12-01

Complex structures identified within both the East Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets are thought to be generated by the action of basal water freezing to the ice-sheet base, evolving under ice flow. Here, we use ice-penetrating radar to image an extensive series of similarly complex basal ice facies in West Antarctica, revealing a thick (>500 m) tectonised unit in an area of cold-based and relatively slow-flowing ice. We show that major folding and overturning of the unit perpendicular to ice flow elevates deep, warm ice into the mid ice-sheet column. Fold axes align with present ice flow, and axis amplitudes increase down-ice, suggesting long-term consistency in the direction and convergence of flow. In the absence of basal water, and the draping of the tectonised unit over major subglacial mountain ranges, the formation of the unit must be solely through the deformation of meteoric ice. Internal layer radar reflectivity is consistently greater parallel to flow compared with the perpendicular direction, revealing ice-sheet crystal anisotropy is associated with the folding. By linking layers to the Byrd ice-core site, we show the basal ice dates to at least the last glacial cycle and may be as old as the last interglacial. Deformation of deep-ice in this sector of WAIS, and potentially elsewhere in Antarctica, may be caused by differential shearing at interglacial-glacial boundaries, in a process analogous to that proposed for interior Greenland. The scale and heterogeneity of the englacial structures, and their subsequent impact on ice sheet rheology, means that the nature of ice flow across the bulk of West Antarctica must be far more complex that is currently accounted for by any numerical ice sheet model.

Modeling the evolution of the Laurentide Ice Sheet from MIS 3 to the Last Glacial Maximum: an approach using sea level modeling and ice flow dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weisenberg, J.; Pico, T.; Birch, L.; Mitrovica, J. X.

2017-12-01

The history of the Laurentide Ice Sheet since the Last Glacial Maximum ( 26 ka; LGM) is constrained by geological evidence of ice margin retreat in addition to relative sea-level (RSL) records in both the near and far field. Nonetheless, few observations exist constraining the ice sheet's extent across the glacial build-up phase preceding the LGM. Recent work correcting RSL records along the U.S. mid-Atlantic dated to mid-MIS 3 (50-35 ka) for glacial-isostatic adjustment (GIA) infer that the Laurentide Ice Sheet grew by more than three-fold in the 15 ky leading into the LGM. Here we test the plausibility of a late and extremely rapid glaciation by driving a high-resolution ice sheet model, based on a nonlinear diffusion equation for the ice thickness. We initialize this model at 44 ka with the mid-MIS 3 ice sheet configuration proposed by Pico et al. (2017), GIA-corrected basal topography, and mass balance representative of mid-MIS 3 conditions. These simulations predict rapid growth of the eastern Laurentide Ice Sheet, with rates consistent with achieving LGM ice volumes within 15 ky. We use these simulations to refine the initial ice configuration and present an improved and higher resolution model for North American ice cover during mid-MIS 3. In addition we show that assumptions of ice loads during the glacial phase, and the associated reconstructions of GIA-corrected basal topography, produce a bias that can underpredict ice growth rates in the late stages of the glaciation, which has important consequences for our understanding of the speed limit for ice growth on glacial timescales.

Tropical tales of polar ice: evidence of Last Interglacial polar ice sheet retreat recorded by fossil reefs of the granitic Seychelles islands

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dutton, Andrea; Webster, Jody M.; Zwartz, Dan; Lambeck, Kurt; Wohlfarth, Barbara

2015-01-01

In the search for a record of eustatic sea level change on glacial-interglacial timescales, the Seychelles ranks as one of the best places on the planet to study. Owing to its location with respect to the former margins of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets that wax and wane on orbital cycles, the local-or relative-sea level history is predicted to lie within a few meters of the globally averaged eustatic signal during the Last Interglacial period. We have surveyed and dated Last Interglacial fossil corals to ascertain peak sea level and hence infer maximum retreat of polar ice sheets during this time interval. We observe a pattern of gradually rising sea level in the Seychelles between ˜129 and 125 thousand years ago (ka), with peak eustatic sea level attained after 125 ka at 7.6 ± 1.7 m higher than present. After accounting for thermal expansion and loss of mountain glaciers, this sea-level budget would require ˜5-8 m of polar ice sheet contribution, relative to today's volume, of which only ˜2 m came from the Greenland ice sheet. This result clearly identifies the Antarctic ice sheet as a significant source of melt water, most likely derived from one of the unstable, marine-based sectors in the West and/or East Antarctic ice sheet. Furthermore, the establishment of a +5.9 ± 1.7 m eustatic sea level position by 128.6 ± 0.8 ka would require that partial AIS collapse was coincident with the onset of the sea level highstand.

Exploring changes in vertical ice extent along the margin of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet in western Dronning Maud Land - initial results of the MAGIC-DML collaboration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lifton, N. A.; Newall, J. C.; Fredin, O.; Glasser, N. F.; Fabel, D.; Rogozhina, I.; Bernales, J.; Prange, M.; Sams, S.; Eisen, O.; Hättestrand, C.; Harbor, J.; Stroeven, A. P.

2017-12-01

Numerical ice sheet models constrained by theory and refined by comparisons with observational data are a central component of work to address the interactions between the cryosphere and changing climate, at a wide range of scales. Such models are tested and refined by comparing model predictions of past ice geometries with field-based reconstructions from geological, geomorphological, and ice core data. However, on the East Antarctic Ice sheet, there are few empirical data with which to reconstruct changes in ice sheet geometry in the Dronning Maud Land (DML) region. In addition, there is poor control on the regional climate history of the ice sheet margin, because ice core locations, where detailed reconstructions of climate history exist, are located on high inland domes. This leaves numerical models of regional glaciation history in this near-coastal area largely unconstrained. MAGIC-DML is an ongoing Swedish-US-Norwegian-German-UK collaboration with a focus on improving ice sheet models by combining advances in numerical modeling with filling critical data gaps that exist in our knowledge of the timing and pattern of ice surface changes on the western Dronning Maud Land margin. A combination of geomorphological mapping using remote sensing data, field investigations, cosmogenic nuclide surface exposure dating, and numerical ice-sheet modeling are being used in an iterative manner to produce a comprehensive reconstruction of the glacial history of western Dronning Maud Land. We will present an overview of the project, as well as field observations and preliminary in situ cosmogenic nuclide measurements from the 2016/17 expedition.

Late Wisconsin and early holocene glacial history, inner Ross Embayment, Antarctica

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Denton, George H.; Bockheim, James G.; Wilson, Scott C.; Stuiver, Minze

1991-01-01

Lateral drift sheets of outlet glaciers that pass through the Transantarctic Mountains constrain past changes of the huge Ross ice drainage system of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Drift stratigraphy suggests correlation of Reedy III (Reedy Glacier), Beardmore, Britannia (Hatherton/Darwin Glaciers), Ross Sea (McMurdo Sound), and younger (Terra Nova Bay) drifts; radiocarbon dates place the outer limits of Ross Sea drift in late Wisconsin time at 24,000 to 13,000 yr B.P. Outlet glacier profiles from these drifts constrain late Wisconsin ice sheet surface elevations. Within these constraint, two extreme late Wisconsin reconstructions are given of the Ross ice drainage system. Both show little elevation change of the polar plateau coincident with extensive ice shelf grounding along the inner Ross Embayment. However, in the central Ross Embayment, one reconstruction shows floating shelf ice, where as the other shows a grounded ice sheet. Massive late Wisconsin/Holocene recession of grounded ice from the western Ross Embayment, which was underway at 13,040 yr B.P. and completed by 6600 to 6020 yr B.P., was accompanied by little change in plateau ice levels inland of the Transantarctic Mountains.

Prevention of postsurgical scars: comparsion of efficacy and convenience between silicone gel sheet and topical silicone gel.

PubMed

Kim, Sue-Min; Choi, Jung-Sik; Lee, Jung-Ho; Kim, Young-Jin; Jun, Young-Joon

2014-11-01

To date, few studies have compared the effectiveness of topical silicone gels versus that of silicone gel sheets in preventing scars. In this prospective study, we compared the efficacy and the convenience of use of the 2 products. We enrolled 30 patients who had undergone a surgical procedure 2 weeks to 3 months before joining the study. These participants were randomly assigned to 2 treatment arms: one for treatment with a silicone gel sheet, and the other for treatment with a topical silicone gel. Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) scores were obtained for all patients; in addition, participants completed scoring patient questionnaires 1 and 3 months after treatment onset. Our results reveal not only that no significant difference in efficacy exists between the 2 products but also that topical silicone gels are more convenient to use. While previous studies have advocated for silicone gel sheets as first-line therapies in postoperative scar management, we maintain that similar effects can be expected with topical silicone gel. The authors recommend that, when clinicians have a choice of silicone-based products for scar prevention, they should focus on each patient's scar location, lifestyle, and willingness to undergo scar prevention treatment.

A single-residue mutation, G203E, causes 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria by occluding the substrate channel in the 3D structural model of HMG-CoA lyase.

PubMed

Mir, C; Lopez-Viñas, E; Aledo, R; Puisac, B; Rizzo, C; Dionisi-Vici, C; Deodato, F; Pié, J; Gomez-Puertas, P; Hegardt, F G; Casals, N

2006-02-01

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder that affects ketogenesis and leucine metabolism. The disease is caused by mutations in the gene coding for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase (HL). To date 26 different mutations have been described. A (betaalpha)(8) TIM barrel structure has been proposed for the protein, and almost all missense mutations identified so far localize in the beta sheets that define the inside cavity. We report an Italian patient who bears homozygously a novel HL mutation, c.608G > A (p. G203E) in beta sheet six. A structural model of the mutated protein suggests that glutamic acid 203 impedes catalysis by blocking the entrance to the inner cavity of the enzyme. Loss of functionality has been confirmed in expression studies in E. coli, which demonstrate that the G203E mutation completely abolishes enzyme activity. Beta sheet six and beta sheet two are the two protein regions that accumulate most missense mutations, indicating their importance in enzyme functionality. A model for the mechanism of enzyme function is proposed.

Pharmaceutical trials in general practice: the first 100 protocols. An audit by the clinical research ethics committee of the Royal College of General Practitioners.

PubMed Central

Wise, P.; Drury, M.

1996-01-01

OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcome of 100 general practice based, multicentre research projects submitted to the ethics committee of the Royal College of General Practitioners by pharmaceutical companies or their agents between 1984 and 1989. DESIGN: Analysis of consecutive submitted protocols for stated objectives, study design, and outcomes; detailed review of committee minutes and correspondence in relation to amendment and approval; assessment of final reports submitted at conclusion of studies. SUBJECTS: 82 finally approved protocols, embracing 34,523 proposed trial subjects and 1195 proposed general practice investigators. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Success at enrolling subjects and investigators; commencement and completion data; validity of final report's assessment of efficacy, safety, tolerability, and acceptability; and method of use and dissemination of findings. RESULTS: 18 studies were not approved and 45 had to be amended. Randomised controlled trials comprised 46 of the original submissions. Remuneration considerations, inadequate information or consent sheets, pregnancy safety, the need to discontinue existing therapy, and suboptimal scientific content were major reasons for rejecting studies or asking for amendments. Of the 82 approved studies 8 were not started. Shortfalls of investigators (of 39%) and trial subjects (of 37%) and an overall 23% withdrawal rate were responsible for a significant incidence of inconclusive results. Within the six year follow up interval, only 19 of the studies had been formally published. CONCLUSIONS: This audit identified substantial ethical concerns in the process of approving multicentre general practice pharmaceutical research. PMID:8939118

Medical students' exposure to and attitudes about the pharmaceutical industry: a systematic review.

PubMed

Austad, Kirsten E; Avorn, Jerry; Kesselheim, Aaron S

2011-05-01

The relationship between health professionals and the pharmaceutical industry has become a source of controversy. Physicians' attitudes towards the industry can form early in their careers, but little is known about this key stage of development. We performed a systematic review reported according to PRISMA guidelines to determine the frequency and nature of medical students' exposure to the drug industry, as well as students' attitudes concerning pharmaceutical policy issues. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and ERIC from the earliest available dates through May 2010, as well as bibliographies of selected studies. We sought original studies that reported quantitative or qualitative data about medical students' exposure to pharmaceutical marketing, their attitudes about marketing practices, relationships with industry, and related pharmaceutical policy issues. Studies were separated, where possible, into those that addressed preclinical versus clinical training, and were quality rated using a standard methodology. Thirty-two studies met inclusion criteria. We found that 40%-100% of medical students reported interacting with the pharmaceutical industry. A substantial proportion of students (13%-69%) were reported as believing that gifts from industry influence prescribing. Eight studies reported a correlation between frequency of contact and favorable attitudes toward industry interactions. Students were more approving of gifts to physicians or medical students than to government officials. Certain attitudes appeared to change during medical school, though a time trend was not performed; for example, clinical students (53%-71%) were more likely than preclinical students (29%-62%) to report that promotional information helps educate about new drugs. Undergraduate medical education provides substantial contact with pharmaceutical marketing, and the extent of such contact is associated with positive attitudes about marketing and skepticism about negative implications of these interactions. These results support future research into the association between exposure and attitudes, as well as any modifiable factors that contribute to attitudinal changes during medical education. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary.

Study of pharmaceuticals in surface and wastewater from Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico: Occurrence and environmental risk assessment.

PubMed

Rivera-Jaimes, José Abraham; Postigo, Cristina; Melgoza-Alemán, Rosa María; Aceña, Jaume; Barceló, Damia; López de Alda, Miren

2018-02-01

The present work describes the first known study to date on the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in surface water and wastewater of Cuernavaca, the capital of the state of Morelos (México). Selected pharmaceuticals (a total of 35) were extracted from the collected water samples with a generic solid phase extraction (SPE) protocol and determined in the sample extracts by means of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). A screening level risk assessment combining the measured environmental concentrations (MECs) with dose-response data based on predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) was also applied to estimate Hazard Quotients (HQs) for the pharmaceuticals detected in the investigated area. A total of twelve pharmaceuticals were found in the water samples analyzed, with detection frequencies above 78% and in most cases of 100%. Overall, the most abundant pharmaceuticals in surface water were the analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs naproxen (732-4880ng/L), acetaminophen (354-4460ng/L), and diclofenac (258-1398ng/L), and the lipid regulator bezafibrate (286-2100ng/L). On the contrary, other compounds like the β-blocker atenolol and the psychiatric drug carbamazepine were found at only a few ng or tens of ng per liter in the Apatlaco River. Despite the fact that some of the most abundant compounds showed good removal (>97%) during wastewater treatment, concentrations downstream the WWTP were only slightly lower than upstream. This indicates the existence of additional inputs of untreated wastewater into the river. Based on the obtained HQ-values, the concentrations of ibuprofen, sulfamethoxazole, diclofenac and naproxen present in the river could pose a high toxicity risk for the aquatic ecosystem. These findings highlight these pharmaceuticals as relevant organic contaminants in the area of study and the need to further monitor them in order to adopt appropriate measures to safeguard the ecosystem, and eventually human health. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Medical Students' Exposure to and Attitudes about the Pharmaceutical Industry: A Systematic Review

PubMed Central

Austad, Kirsten E.; Avorn, Jerry; Kesselheim, Aaron S.

2011-01-01

Background The relationship between health professionals and the pharmaceutical industry has become a source of controversy. Physicians' attitudes towards the industry can form early in their careers, but little is known about this key stage of development. Methods and Findings We performed a systematic review reported according to PRISMA guidelines to determine the frequency and nature of medical students' exposure to the drug industry, as well as students' attitudes concerning pharmaceutical policy issues. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and ERIC from the earliest available dates through May 2010, as well as bibliographies of selected studies. We sought original studies that reported quantitative or qualitative data about medical students' exposure to pharmaceutical marketing, their attitudes about marketing practices, relationships with industry, and related pharmaceutical policy issues. Studies were separated, where possible, into those that addressed preclinical versus clinical training, and were quality rated using a standard methodology. Thirty-two studies met inclusion criteria. We found that 40%–100% of medical students reported interacting with the pharmaceutical industry. A substantial proportion of students (13%–69%) were reported as believing that gifts from industry influence prescribing. Eight studies reported a correlation between frequency of contact and favorable attitudes toward industry interactions. Students were more approving of gifts to physicians or medical students than to government officials. Certain attitudes appeared to change during medical school, though a time trend was not performed; for example, clinical students (53%–71%) were more likely than preclinical students (29%–62%) to report that promotional information helps educate about new drugs. Conclusions Undergraduate medical education provides substantial contact with pharmaceutical marketing, and the extent of such contact is associated with positive attitudes about marketing and skepticism about negative implications of these interactions. These results support future research into the association between exposure and attitudes, as well as any modifiable factors that contribute to attitudinal changes during medical education. Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary PMID:21629685

Human Health Risk Assessment of Pharmaceuticals in Water: Issues and Challenges Ahead

PubMed Central

Kumar, Arun; Chang, Biao; Xagoraraki, Irene

2010-01-01

This study identified existing issues related to quantitative pharmaceutical risk assessment (QPhRA, hereafter) for pharmaceuticals in water and proposed possible solutions by analyzing methodologies and findings of different published QPhRA studies. Retrospective site-specific QPhRA studies from different parts of the world (U.S.A., United Kingdom, Europe, India, etc.) were reviewed in a structured manner to understand different assumptions, outcomes obtained and issues, identified/addressed/raised by the different QPhRA studies. Till date, most of the published studies have concluded that there is no appreciable risk to human health during environmental exposures of pharmaceuticals; however, attention is still required to following identified issues: (1) Use of measured versus predicted pharmaceutical concentration, (2) Identification of pharmaceuticals-of-concern and compounds needing special considerations, (3) Use of source water versus finished drinking water-related exposure scenarios, (4) Selection of representative exposure routes, (5) Valuation of uncertainty factors, and (6) Risk assessment for mixture of chemicals. To close the existing data and methodology gaps, this study proposed possible ways to address and/or incorporation these considerations within the QPhRA framework; however, more research work is still required to address issues, such as incorporation of short-term to long-term extrapolation and mixture effects in the QPhRA framework. Specifically, this study proposed a development of a new “mixture effects-related uncertainty factor” for mixture of chemicals (i.e., mixUFcomposite), similar to an uncertainty factor of a single chemical, within the QPhRA framework. In addition to all five traditionally used uncertainty factors, this uncertainty factor is also proposed to include concentration effects due to presence of different range of concentration levels of pharmaceuticals in a mixture. However, further work is required to determine values of all six uncertainty factors and incorporate them to use during estimation of point-of-departure values within the QPhRA framework. PMID:21139869

A Sheet-like Carbon Matrix Hosted Sulfur as Cathode for High-performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

PubMed Central

Lu, Songtao; Chen, Yan; Zhou, Jia; Wang, Zhida; Wu, Xiaohong; Gu, Jian; Zhang, Xiaoping; Pang, Aimin; Jiao, Zilong; Jiang, Lixiang

2016-01-01

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are a promising candidate of next generation energy storage systems owing to its high theoretical capacity and energy density. However, to date, its commercial application was hindered by the inherent problems of sulfur cathode. Additionally, with the rapid decline of non-renewable resources and active appeal of green chemistry, the intensive research of new electrode materials was conducted worldwide. We have obtained a sheet-like carbon material (shaddock peel carbon sheets SPCS) from organic waste shaddock peel, which can be used as the conductive carbon matrix for sulfur-based cathodes. Furthermore, the raw materials are low-cost, truly green and recyclable. As a result, the sulfur cathode made with SPCS (SPCS-S), can deliver a high reversible capacity of 722.5 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C after 100 cycles with capacity recuperability of ~90%, demonstrating that the SPCS-S hybrid is of great potential as the cathode for rechargeable Li-S batteries. The high electrochemical performance of SPCS-S hybrid could be attributed to the sheet-like carbon network with large surface area and high conductivity of the SPCS, in which the carbon sheets enable the uniform distribution of sulfur, better ability to trap the soluble polysulfides and accommodate volume expansion/shrinkage of sulfur during repeated charge/discharge cycles. PMID:26842015

A Sheet-like Carbon Matrix Hosted Sulfur as Cathode for High-performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

PubMed

Lu, Songtao; Chen, Yan; Zhou, Jia; Wang, Zhida; Wu, Xiaohong; Gu, Jian; Zhang, Xiaoping; Pang, Aimin; Jiao, Zilong; Jiang, Lixiang

2016-02-04

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are a promising candidate of next generation energy storage systems owing to its high theoretical capacity and energy density. However, to date, its commercial application was hindered by the inherent problems of sulfur cathode. Additionally, with the rapid decline of non-renewable resources and active appeal of green chemistry, the intensive research of new electrode materials was conducted worldwide. We have obtained a sheet-like carbon material (shaddock peel carbon sheets SPCS) from organic waste shaddock peel, which can be used as the conductive carbon matrix for sulfur-based cathodes. Furthermore, the raw materials are low-cost, truly green and recyclable. As a result, the sulfur cathode made with SPCS (SPCS-S), can deliver a high reversible capacity of 722.5 mAh g(-1) at 0.2 C after 100 cycles with capacity recuperability of ~90%, demonstrating that the SPCS-S hybrid is of great potential as the cathode for rechargeable Li-S batteries. The high electrochemical performance of SPCS-S hybrid could be attributed to the sheet-like carbon network with large surface area and high conductivity of the SPCS, in which the carbon sheets enable the uniform distribution of sulfur, better ability to trap the soluble polysulfides and accommodate volume expansion/shrinkage of sulfur during repeated charge/discharge cycles.

A Sheet-like Carbon Matrix Hosted Sulfur as Cathode for High-performance Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lu, Songtao; Chen, Yan; Zhou, Jia; Wang, Zhida; Wu, Xiaohong; Gu, Jian; Zhang, Xiaoping; Pang, Aimin; Jiao, Zilong; Jiang, Lixiang

2016-02-01

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are a promising candidate of next generation energy storage systems owing to its high theoretical capacity and energy density. However, to date, its commercial application was hindered by the inherent problems of sulfur cathode. Additionally, with the rapid decline of non-renewable resources and active appeal of green chemistry, the intensive research of new electrode materials was conducted worldwide. We have obtained a sheet-like carbon material (shaddock peel carbon sheets SPCS) from organic waste shaddock peel, which can be used as the conductive carbon matrix for sulfur-based cathodes. Furthermore, the raw materials are low-cost, truly green and recyclable. As a result, the sulfur cathode made with SPCS (SPCS-S), can deliver a high reversible capacity of 722.5 mAh g-1 at 0.2 C after 100 cycles with capacity recuperability of ~90%, demonstrating that the SPCS-S hybrid is of great potential as the cathode for rechargeable Li-S batteries. The high electrochemical performance of SPCS-S hybrid could be attributed to the sheet-like carbon network with large surface area and high conductivity of the SPCS, in which the carbon sheets enable the uniform distribution of sulfur, better ability to trap the soluble polysulfides and accommodate volume expansion/shrinkage of sulfur during repeated charge/discharge cycles.

1. Photographic copy of engineering drawing showing elevations and sections ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. Photographic copy of engineering drawing showing elevations and sections of Test Stand 'E' (Building 4259/E-60). California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Plant Engineering 'Solid Propellant Test Stand E-60 - Elevations & Sections,' sheet E60/10, no date. - Jet Propulsion Laboratory Edwards Facility, Test Stand E, Edwards Air Force Base, Boron, Kern County, CA

17 CFR 210.3-03 - Instructions to income statement requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... include statements of income and cash flows (which may be unaudited) for the twelve-month period ending on the date of the most recent balance sheet being filed, in lieu of the statements of income and cash flows for the interim periods specified. (c) If a period or periods reported on include operations of a...

17 CFR 210.3-03 - Instructions to income statement requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... include statements of income and cash flows (which may be unaudited) for the twelve-month period ending on the date of the most recent balance sheet being filed, in lieu of the statements of income and cash flows for the interim periods specified. (c) If a period or periods reported on include operations of a...

17 CFR 210.3-03 - Instructions to income statement requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... include statements of income and cash flows (which may be unaudited) for the twelve-month period ending on the date of the most recent balance sheet being filed, in lieu of the statements of income and cash flows for the interim periods specified. (c) If a period or periods reported on include operations of a...

106. Air defense command "master plan", base map," RCA Service ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

106. Air defense command "master plan", base map," RCA Service Company tab no. F-1, sheet 1 of 2, dated 22 October, 1965. - Clear Air Force Station, Ballistic Missile Early Warning System Site II, One mile west of mile marker 293.5 on Parks Highway, 5 miles southwest of Anderson, Anderson, Denali Borough, AK

107. Air defense command "master plan, basic mission plan," RCA ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

107. Air defense command "master plan, basic mission plan," RCA Service Company tab no. F-1, sheet 2 of 2, dated 1 June, 1963. - Clear Air Force Station, Ballistic Missile Early Warning System Site II, One mile west of mile marker 293.5 on Parks Highway, 5 miles southwest of Anderson, Anderson, Denali Borough, AK

Ice-sheet-driven methane storage and release in the Arctic

PubMed Central

Portnov, Alexey; Vadakkepuliyambatta, Sunil; Mienert, Jürgen; Hubbard, Alun

2016-01-01

It is established that late-twentieth and twenty-first century ocean warming has forced dissociation of gas hydrates with concomitant seabed methane release. However, recent dating of methane expulsion sites suggests that gas release has been ongoing over many millennia. Here we synthesize observations of ∼1,900 fluid escape features—pockmarks and active gas flares—across a previously glaciated Arctic margin with ice-sheet thermomechanical and gas hydrate stability zone modelling. Our results indicate that even under conservative estimates of ice thickness with temperate subglacial conditions, a 500-m thick gas hydrate stability zone—which could serve as a methane sink—existed beneath the ice sheet. Moreover, we reveal that in water depths 150–520 m methane release also persisted through a 20-km-wide window between the subsea and subglacial gas hydrate stability zone. This window expanded in response to post-glacial climate warming and deglaciation thereby opening the Arctic shelf for methane release. PMID:26739497

Innovative pharmaceutical development based on unique properties of nanoscale delivery formulation

PubMed Central

Mozhi, Anbu; Zhang, Xu; Zhao, Yuanyuan; Xue, Xiangdong; Hao, Yanli; Zhang, Xiaoning; Wang, Paul C.; Liang, Xing-Jie

2014-01-01

The advent of nanotechnology has reignited interest in the field of pharmaceutical science for the development of nanomedicine. Nanomedicinal formulations are nanometer-sized carrier materials designed for increasing the drug tissue bioavailability, thereby improving the treatment of systemically applied chemotherapeutic drugs. Nanomedicine is a new approach to deliver the pharmaceuticals through different routes of administration with safer and more effective therapies compared to conventional methods. To date, various kinds of nanomaterials have been developed over the years to make delivery systems more effective for the treatment of various diseases. Even though nanomaterials have significant advantages due to their unique nanoscale properties, there are still significant challenges in the improvement and development of nanoformulations with composites and other materials. Here in this review, we highlight the nanomedicinal formulations aiming to improve the balance between the efficacy and the toxicity of therapeutic interventions through different routes of administration and how to design nanomedicine for safer and more effective ways to improve the treatment quality. We also emphasize the environmental and health prospects of nanomaterials for human health care. PMID:23860639

Innovative pharmaceutical development based on unique properties of nanoscale delivery formulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, Anil; Chen, Fei; Mozhi, Anbu; Zhang, Xu; Zhao, Yuanyuan; Xue, Xiangdong; Hao, Yanli; Zhang, Xiaoning; Wang, Paul C.; Liang, Xing-Jie

2013-08-01

The advent of nanotechnology has reignited interest in the field of pharmaceutical science for the development of nanomedicine. Nanomedicinal formulations are nanometer-sized carrier materials designed for increasing the drug tissue bioavailability, thereby improving the treatment of systemically applied chemotherapeutic drugs. Nanomedicine is a new approach to deliver the pharmaceuticals through different routes of administration with safer and more effective therapies compared to conventional methods. To date, various kinds of nanomaterials have been developed over the years to make delivery systems more effective for the treatment of various diseases. Even though nanomaterials have significant advantages due to their unique nanoscale properties, there are still significant challenges in the improvement and development of nanoformulations with composites and other materials. Here in this review, we highlight the nanomedicinal formulations aiming to improve the balance between the efficacy and the toxicity of therapeutic interventions through different routes of administration and how to design nanomedicine for safer and more effective ways to improve the treatment quality. We also emphasize the environmental and health prospects of nanomaterials for human health care.

Statistical properties of business firms structure and growth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matia, K.; Fu, Dongfeng; Buldyrev, S. V.; Pammolli, F.; Riccaboni, M.; Stanley, H. E.

2004-08-01

We analyze a database comprising quarterly sales of 55624 pharmaceutical products commercialized by 3939 pharmaceutical firms in the period 1992 2001. We study the probability density function (PDF) of growth in firms and product sales and find that the width of the PDF of growth decays with the sales as a power law with exponent β = 0.20 ± 0.01. We also find that the average sales of products scales with the firm sales as a power law with exponent α = 0.57 ± 0.02. And that the average number products of a firm scales with the firm sales as a power law with exponent γ = 0.42 ± 0.02. We compare these findings with the predictions of models proposed till date on growth of business firms.

Ross Sea paleo-ice sheet drainage and deglacial history during and since the LGM

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anderson, John B.; Conway, Howard; Bart, Philip J.; Witus, Alexandra E.; Greenwood, Sarah L.; McKay, Robert M.; Hall, Brenda L.; Ackert, Robert P.; Licht, Kathy; Jakobsson, Martin; Stone, John O.

2014-09-01

Onshore and offshore studies show that an expanded, grounded ice sheet occupied the Ross Sea Embayment during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Results from studies of till provenance and the orientation of geomorphic features on the continental shelf show that more than half of the grounded ice sheet consisted of East Antarctic ice flowing through Transantarctic Mountain (TAM) outlet glaciers; the remainder came from West Antarctica. Terrestrial data indicate little or no thickening in the upper catchment regions in both West and East Antarctica during the LGM. In contrast, evidence from the mouths of the southern and central TAM outlet glaciers indicate surface elevations between 1000 m and 1100 m (above present-day sea level). Farther north along the western margin of the Ross Ice Sheet, surface elevations reached 720 m on Ross Island, and 400 m at Terra Nova Bay. Evidence from Marie Byrd Land at the eastern margin of the ice sheet indicates that the elevation near the present-day grounding line was more than 800 m asl, while at Siple Dome in the central Ross Embayment, the surface elevation was about 950 m asl. Farther north, evidence that the ice sheet was grounded on the middle and the outer continental shelf during the LGM implies that surface elevations had to be at least 100 m above the LGM sea level. The apparent low surface profile and implied low basal shear stress in the central and eastern embayment suggests that although the ice streams may have slowed during the LGM, they remained active. Ice-sheet retreat from the western Ross Embayment during the Holocene is constrained by marine and terrestrial data. Ages from marine sediments suggest that the grounding line had retreated from its LGM outer shelf location only a few tens of kilometer to a location south of Coulman Island by ˜13 ka BP. The ice sheet margin was located in the vicinity of the Drygalski Ice Tongue by ˜11 ka BP, just north of Ross Island by ˜7.8 ka BP, and near Hatherton Glacier by ˜6.8 ka BP. Farther south, 10Be exposure ages from glacial erratics on nunataks near the mouths of Reedy, Scott and Beardmore Glaciers indicate thinning during the mid to late Holocene, but the grounding line did not reach its present position until 2 to 3 ka BP. Marine dates, which are almost exclusively Acid Insoluble Organic (AIO) dates, are consistently older than those derived from terrestrial data. However, even these ages indicate that the ice sheet experienced significant retreat after ˜13 ka BP. Geomorphic features indicate that during the final stages of ice sheet retreat ice flowing through the TAM remained grounded on the shallow western margin of Ross Sea. The timing of retreat from the central Ross Sea remains unresolved; the simplest reconstruction is to assume that the grounding line here started to retreat from the continental shelf more or less in step with the retreat from the western and eastern sectors. An alternative hypothesis, which relies on the validity of radiocarbon ages from marine sediments, is that grounded ice had retreated from the outer continental shelf prior to the LGM. More reliable ages from marine sediments in the central Ross Embayment are needed to test and validate this hypothesis.

LAM Pilot Study with Imatinib Mesylate (LAMP 1)

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-10-01

At the time of grant submission, Novartis Gleevec was scheduled to come off patent in early 2015. This was challenged after grant submission by...Novartis patent expired in 2016 we approached Sun Pharmaceutics who declined (by silence) access to their generic imatinib. Next, communication with...shared. • Inventions, patent applications, and/or licenses Identify inventions, patent applications with date, and/or licenses that have

Identification and correlation of crypto-tephra horizons within Marine Isotope Stages 5e to 4 of the NGRIP ice-core - culmination of the SMART research project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meara, R. H.; Davies, S. M.; Abbott, P. M.; Pearce, N. J.; Austin, W. E.; Bigler, M.; Steffensen, J. P.; Svensson, A.

2012-12-01

The NERC-funded SMART (Synchronising MARine and ice-core records using Tephrochronology) project has focused on dating, correlating and synchronising palaeo climatic events during the last interglacial-glacial transition by developing a regional tephrochronological framework for the North Atlantic region. The NGRIP ice-core within the Greenland ice sheet is the focus of this work and here we report on the tephra horizons identified to date. A suite of c. 1,000 ice samples (c. 173 m) were subsampled, chosen for their relation to a) known tephra horizons in marine and terrestrial proxy records, b) prominent sulphate peaks and c) rapid climate transitions. To date, 10 new tephra horizons have been identified, ranging in age from 71,430 - 121,865 years b2k which add to the NGRIP tephras identified previously by Abbott et al. Individual tephra shards within each horizon have been geochemically characterised using both EMPA and LA-ICP-MS techniques. The tephras are typically basaltic in composition and show predominantly Icelandic compositions with sources identified as the Grimsvötn, Hekla-Katla and Veidivötn volcanic systems. Together with the work on the GRIP ice-core, a comprehensive suite of tephras now provides a detailed tephrochronological framework for the Greenland ice-sheet (Abbott et al. 2012). At present, four of the identified tephra horizons are candidates for correlation with known crypto-tephra horizons from marine records. These potential correlations present a robust means for dating and testing phase relationships and climate-forcing mechanisms associated with dramatic climate transitions during MIS stages 5e - 4.

Tapping the deglacial secrets of Lake Oneida sediments: Establishing a connection between radiocarbon and paleomagnetics in Fish Creek sediments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peck, D.; Rosenheim, B. E.; Ridge, J. C.

2017-12-01

Postglacial varved and rhythmically-laminated clays deposited within the Ontario Basin are often associated with the retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet immediately preceding the onset of the Younger Dryas. The paleoclimatic significance of the Ontario Basin has made it a popularly studied region. To determine ages that correlate with ice sheet retreat, classical radiocarbon ages were generated. However low total organic carbon (TOC) values found in glaciolacustrine sediments make accuracy of data a concern. Using the magnetic orientation of sediments during deposition, paleomagnetism has presented reliable dates in similar regions across the northeastern United States. While useful, paleomagnetism also comes with limitations, which have left areas of unexplored research. Lake Oneida, last glaciated by the Ontario Lobe, is one of the deepest and most untapped reservoirs of sediment dating back to the retreat of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, due primarily to the difficulty it poses for classical methods. Using samples taken from exposed varved glaciolacustrine sediment exposed by the downcutting of Fish Creek, a fluvial system terminating in eastern Lake Oneida, we compare Ramped Pyrolysis 14C data with paleomagnetic data. Ramped PyrOx 14C data unmask the distribution of ages in the organic matter of these sediments, at least partially separating autochthonous sources of carbon from allochthonous sources that tend to be older in these settings. Our comparison will test whether Ramped PyrOx 14C data match paleomagnetic data well enough to be used as the sole chronometer in sediment cores taken from Lake Oneida cores for which paleomagnetic orientation becomes more difficult to ascertain.

Rapid thinning of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in coastal Maine, USA during late Heinrich Stadial 1

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koester, A. J.; Shakun, J. D.; Bierman, P. R.; Davis, P. T.; Corbett, L. B.; Zimmerman, S. R. H.

2016-12-01

Direct measurements of Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) thickness during the last deglaciation are limited, especially in coastal Maine where the LIS had a marine-terminating margin that was susceptible to abrupt climate shifts in the North Atlantic. We measured 31 10Be exposure ages down coastal mountainsides in Acadia National Park and from the slightly inland Pineo Ridge Moraine Complex, a 100 km long glaciomarine delta, to date the timing and rate of LIS thinning and subsequent retreat in coastal Maine. The vertical transects in Acadia have indistinguishable exposure ages over a 300 m range of elevation, suggesting rapid, century-scale thinning centered at 15 ka, similar to abrupt thinning inferred from cosmogenic nuclide ages at Mt. Katahdin in central Maine (Davis et al., 2015). This rapid ice sheet surface lowering during the latter part of the cold Heinrich Stadial 1 event may have been due to rapid calving in the Gulf of Maine, perhaps related to regional oceanic warming associated with weakened Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) at this time. Our 10Be ages are substantially younger than radiocarbon constraints on LIS retreat in the coastal lowlands, suggesting that the deglacial marine reservoir effect in this area was greater than the 450 - 600 year correction previously used, perhaps also related to the sluggish AMOC. In addition, the Pineo Ridge Moraine Complex dates to 14.4 ± 0.4 ka, indicating that the LIS margin began retreating from coastal Maine near the onset of the Bølling Interstadial warming.

International Aerospace and Ground Conference on Lightning and Static Electricity (8th), Lightning Technology Roundup. Held in Fort Worth, Texas on 21-23 June 1983. Addendum

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-10-01

PHOTOGRAPH THIS SHEET !𔃻P...vTEjAT//V,41 AEP.oSPfqc-/ &rJ Raulvn (C MFCeAX.NC; CA) D LEVEL INVENTORY’z.~~F/ er-/lcn I - CD . A-DDENDUM L’&/NTCJG...061 DATE RECEIVED IN I)TI( REGISTERED OR CERTIFIED NO. PHOTOGRAPH THIS SHEET AM) RI-TURN TO I)TIC-I)I)AC OTIC FORM 70A I’IMNT PRO(ESSIN( SHI’ET...New Jersey 08405 15. Supplementary Noses The NICG consists of members from the U.S. Air Force, U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, NASA , NOAA, and the FAA. lt 16

Compounds of emerging concern in the San Antonio River Basin, Texas, 2011–12

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lambert, Rebecca B.; Opsahl, Stephen P.

2016-11-16

The City of San Antonio and the surrounding municipalities in Bexar County, Texas, are among the fastest growing cities in the Nation. Increases in residential and commercial development are changing runoff patterns and likely will increase chemical loads into streams. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the San Antonio River Authority, evaluated the concentrations and distributional patterns of selected “compounds of emerging concern” (CECs) by collecting and analyzing water-quality samples from 20 sites in the San Antonio River Basin, Tex., during 2011–12. On the basis of their chemical composition or similar uses, the CECs discussed in this fact sheet are wastewater compounds, pharmaceutical compounds (hereinafter referred to as “pharmaceuticals”), and steroidal hormone and sterol compounds (hereinafter referred to as “steroidal hormones and sterols”). Three synoptic sampling events were completed during 2011–12 to analyze for CECs in the San Antonio River Basin. Samples were analyzed for 54 wastewater compounds, 13 pharmaceuticals, 17 steroidal hormones, and 4 sterols. Overall, the concentrations of all CECs analyzed for during this study were low, generally close to or less than the laboratory reporting level.

77 FR 40897 - Notice of Intent to Repatriate Cultural Items: Gregg County Historical Museum, Longview, TX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-11

... and thereafter, six unassociated funerary objects were removed from burials at the C.D. Marsh site... piece of sheet brass, and 1 brass musket butt plate. The Millsey Williamson site dates to A.D. 1650-1800..., the Late-Historic Caddo period. Sometime between the mid-1950s and the mid-1960s, six unassociated...

Compilation of Statistical Data concerning the Community Colleges of the State of New Jersey [for 1978/79].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New Jersey State Dept. of Higher Education, Trenton. Office of Community Coll. Programs.

This report provides selected statistical data about the community colleges of New Jersey in the areas of enrollments, degrees conferred, skills data, finances, and faculty. Introductory material includes a fact sheet on the state's community colleges, a listing of State Board of Higher Education members, a list of colleges and their dates of…

47 CFR 61.52 - Form, size, type, legibility, etc.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...,” “Original page 1,” “Original page 2,” etc. (1) All such pages must show, in the upper left-hand corner the... designation directly below; in the lower left-hand corner the issued date; in the lower right-hand corner the... and check sheet only. (2) As an alternative, the issuing carrier may show in the upper left-hand...

47 CFR 61.52 - Form, size, type, legibility, etc.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...,” “Original page 1,” “Original page 2,” etc. (1) All such pages must show, in the upper left-hand corner the... designation directly below; in the lower left-hand corner the issued date; in the lower right-hand corner the... and check sheet only. (2) As an alternative, the issuing carrier may show in the upper left-hand...

47 CFR 61.52 - Form, size, type, legibility, etc.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...,” “Original page 1,” “Original page 2,” etc. (1) All such pages must show, in the upper left-hand corner the... designation directly below; in the lower left-hand corner the issued date; in the lower right-hand corner the... and check sheet only. (2) As an alternative, the issuing carrier may show in the upper left-hand...

81. Photocopy of Photograph (original located in Univ. of Denver ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

81. Photocopy of Photograph (original located in Univ. of Denver collection). C.R. Savage, Photographer, date unknown. DRY CREEK DAM, TWIN FALLS COUNTY, SOUTH OF MURTAUGH, IDAHO; DRIVING SHEET PILING TO SHUT OFF SEEPAGE. - Milner Dam & Main Canal: Twin Falls Canal Company, On Snake River, 11 miles West of city of Burley, Idaho, Twin Falls, Twin Falls County, ID

78 FR 26316 - Plants for Planting Whose Importation is Not Authorized Pending Pest Risk Analysis; Notice of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-06

... pests. We are making these data sheets available to the public for review and comment. DATES: We will...-2012-0076, Regulatory Analysis and Development, PPD, APHIS, Station 3A-03.8, 4700 River Road Unit 118... prohibits or restricts the importation of plants for planting (including living plants, plant parts, seeds...

76 FR 44572 - Plants for Planting Whose Importation Is Not Authorized Pending Pest Risk Analysis; Notice of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-26

... available to the public for review and comment. DATES: We will consider all comments that we receive on or... Development, PPD, APHIS, Station 3A-03.8, 4700 River Road Unit 118, Riverdale, MD 20737- 1238. The data sheets... importation of plants for planting (including living plants, plant parts, seeds, and plant cuttings) to...

46 CFR Appendix III to Part 390 - U.S. Department of Transportation, Maritime Administration-Sample Semiannual Report

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... withdrawals (exhibit A-3) 450 Fund total (agrees with balance sheet submitted at this date) on deposit for... fund Thousands Balance brought forward $403 Deposits 82 Total “CCF: Security Amount” 485 Exhibit A-1... made from general fund—hull 210 250 Net accrued deposits and withdrawals in capital construction fund...

10. Historic American Buildings Survey, PHOTOCOPY OF PLAN PORTION OF ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. Historic American Buildings Survey, PHOTOCOPY OF PLAN PORTION OF J.M. WHITAKER'S SURVEY OF THE LIPPITT MILL, SHEET NO. 15912 DATED MARCH 22, 1913. Blue line ozalid print in the collection of the Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Museum of History and Technology, the Smithsonian Institution. - Lippitt Mill, 825 Main Street, West Warwick, Kent County, RI

11. Historic American Buildings Survey, PHOTOCOPY OF ISOMETRIC PORTION OF ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

11. Historic American Buildings Survey, PHOTOCOPY OF ISOMETRIC PORTION OF J.M. WHITAKER'S SURVEY OF THE LIPPITT MILL, SHEET NO. 15912 DATED MARCH 22, 1913. Blue line ozalid print in the collection of the Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Museum of History and Technology, the Smithsonian Institution. - Lippitt Mill, 825 Main Street, West Warwick, Kent County, RI

122. Back side technical facilities S.R. radar transmitter & computer ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

122. Back side technical facilities S.R. radar transmitter & computer building no. 102, section II "elevations & details" - structural, AS-BLT AW 35-46-04, sheet 73, dated 23 January, 1961. - Clear Air Force Station, Ballistic Missile Early Warning System Site II, One mile west of mile marker 293.5 on Parks Highway, 5 miles southwest of Anderson, Anderson, Denali Borough, AK

121. Back side technical facilities S.R. radar transmitter & computer ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

121. Back side technical facilities S.R. radar transmitter & computer building no. 102, section II "sections & elevations" - structural, AS-BLT AW 35-46-04, sheet 72, dated 23 January, 1961. - Clear Air Force Station, Ballistic Missile Early Warning System Site II, One mile west of mile marker 293.5 on Parks Highway, 5 miles southwest of Anderson, Anderson, Denali Borough, AK

76 FR 36011 - Airworthiness Directives; Fokker Services B.V. Model F.27 Mark 050, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-21

...: Comments Invited We invite you to send any written relevant data, views, or arguments about this proposed...-operate in developing and implementing common safety regulatory standards and procedures.) Under this...-28-042, including Drawing June 23, 2010. W41192, Sheet 012, Issue AG, dated June 23, 2010, Drawing...

47 CFR 61.52 - Form, size, type, legibility, etc.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...,” “Original page 1,” “Original page 2,” etc. (1) All such pages must show, in the upper left-hand corner the... designation directly below; in the lower left-hand corner the issued date; in the lower right-hand corner the... and check sheet only. (2) As an alternative, the issuing carrier may show in the upper left-hand...

System Controls on the South Texas Sand Sheet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barrineau, Clifton Patrick

Semi-stabilized dune systems are important indicators of Quaternary drought variability across central North America. The South Texas sand sheet (STSS) is the southernmost relict dune system in central North America and is exposed to higher evapotranspiration and moisture variability than similar landscapes farther north. This study uses multi-scale analysis of LiDAR data, geophysical surveys, optically stimulated luminescence dates of core samples, and X-ray fluorescence analysis to identify historical periods of desertification across the STSS. These data suggest long-term relationships between climate, ecological disturbances, geological framework, and desertification. Aeolian activations dated at ca. 75, 230, 2000, 4100, and 6600 yr bp correspond to periods of persistent regional drought, changes in sediment supply, and anthropogenic disturbances of native ecology. From these results it appears that regionalized activation in semi-stabilized dune systems is controlled primarily by climatic variations that reduce the overall moisture available for maintaining vigorous vegetation growth, while localized activation patterns depend more on stresses related to site-specific morphodynamics as well as human activity. With enhanced aridity forecast for much of central North America through the 21 st century, understanding the specific thresholds of desertification is an important step towards building a conceptual model of desertification in semi-stabilized dune landscapes.

Quantifying Pharmaceutical Film Coating with Optical Coherence Tomography and Terahertz Pulsed Imaging: An Evaluation.

PubMed

Lin, Hungyen; Dong, Yue; Shen, Yaochun; Axel Zeitler, J

2015-10-01

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) has recently attracted a lot of interest in the pharmaceutical industry as a fast and non-destructive modality for quantification of thin film coatings that cannot easily be resolved with other techniques. Because of the relative infancy of this technique, much of the research to date has focused on developing the in-line measurement technique for assessing film coating thickness. To better assess OCT for pharmaceutical coating quantification, this paper evaluates tablets with a range of film coating thickness measured using OCT and terahertz pulsed imaging (TPI) in an off-line setting. In order to facilitate automated coating quantification for film coating thickness in the range of 30-200μm, an algorithm that uses wavelet denoising and a tailored peak finding method is proposed to analyse each of the acquired A-scan. Results obtained from running the algorithm reveal an increasing disparity between the TPI and OCT measured intra-tablet variability when film coating thickness exceeds 100μm. The finding further confirms that OCT is a suitable modality for characterising pharmaceutical dosage forms with thin film coatings, whereas TPI is well suited for thick coatings. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 104:3377-3385, 2015. Copyright © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association.

Late glacial and Holocene history of the Greenland Ice Sheet margin, Nunatarssuaq, Northwestern Greenland

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Farnsworth, L. B.; Kelly, M. A.; Axford, Y.; Bromley, G. R.; Osterberg, E. C.; Howley, J. A.; Zimmerman, S. R. H.; Jackson, M. S.; Lasher, G. E.; McFarlin, J. M.

2015-12-01

Defining the late glacial and Holocene fluctuations of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) margin, particularly during periods that were as warm or warmer than present, provides a longer-term perspective on present ice margin fluctuations and informs how the GrIS may respond to future climate conditions. We focus on mapping and dating past GrIS extents in the Nunatarssuaq region of northwestern Greenland. During the summer of 2014, we conducted geomorphic mapping and collected rock samples for 10Be surface exposure dating as well as subfossil plant samples for 14C dating. We also obtained sediment cores from an ice-proximal lake. Preliminary 10Be ages of boulders deposited during deglaciation of the GrIS subsequent to the Last Glacial Maximum range from ~30-15 ka. The apparently older ages of some samples indicate the presence of 10Be inherited from prior periods of exposure. These ages suggest deglaciation occurred by ~15 ka however further data are needed to test this hypothesis. Subfossil plants exposed at the GrIS margin on shear planes date to ~ 4.6-4.8 cal. ka BP and indicate less extensive ice during middle Holocene time. Additional radiocarbon ages from in situ subfossil plants on a nunatak date to ~3.1 cal. ka BP. Geomorphic mapping of glacial landforms near Nordsø, a large proglacial lake, including grounding lines, moraines, paleo-shorelines, and deltas, indicate the existence of a higher lake level that resulted from a more extensive GrIS margin likely during Holocene time. A fresh drift limit, characterized by unweathered, lichen-free clasts approximately 30-50 m distal to the modern GrIS margin, is estimated to be late Holocene in age. 10Be dating of samples from these geomorphic features is in progress. Radiocarbon ages of subfossil plants exposed by recent retreat of the GrIS margin suggest that the GrIS was at or behind its present location at AD ~1650-1800 and ~1816-1889. Results thus far indicate that the GrIS margin in northwestern Greenland responded sensitively to Holocene climate changes. Ongoing research will improve the chronological constraints on these fluctuations.

Lacustrine Records of Holocene Mountain Glacier Fluctuations from Western Greenland

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schweinsberg, A.; Briner, J. P.; Bennike, O.

2014-12-01

Recent studies have focused on documenting fluctuations of the Greenland Ice Sheet margin throughout the Holocene but few data exist that constrain past changes of local glaciers independent of the ice sheet. Our research combines proglacial lake sediment analysis with cosmogenic 10Be dating of Holocene moraines and radiocarbon dating of ice-cap-killed vegetation with an overall objective to use this multi-proxy approach to generate a detailed record of the coupled climate-glacier system through the Holocene. Here, we present lacustrine records of mountain glacier variability from continuous pro-glacial lake sediment sequences recovered from two glaciated catchments in northeastern Nuussuaq, western Greenland. We use radiocarbon-dated sediments from Sikuiui and Pauiaivik lakes to reconstruct the timing of advance and retreat of local glaciers. Sediments were characterized with magnetic susceptibility (MS), gamma density, Itrax XRF and visible reflectance spectroscopy at 0.2 cm intervals and sediment organic matter at 0.5 cm intervals. Basal radiocarbon ages provide minimum-age constraints on deglaciation from Sikuiui and Pauiaivik lakes of ~9.6 and 8.7 ka, respectively. Organic-rich gyttja from deglaciation until ~5.0 ka in Pauiaivik Lake suggests minimal glacial extent there while slightly elevated MS values from ~9.0 - 7.0 ka in Sikuiui Lake may reflect early Holocene glacial advances. Minerogenic sediment input gradually increases starting at ~5.0 ka in Pauiaivik Lake, which we interpret as the onset of Neoglaciation in the catchment. Furthermore, a distinct episode of enhanced glacial activity from ~4.0 - 2.2 ka in Sikuiui Lake may be correlative to a period of persistent snowline lowering evidenced by radiocarbon dates of ice-killed vegetation from nearby ice cap margins. Results from these lacustrine records and our ice-killed vegetation dataset suggest a middle Holocene onset of Neoglaciation ~5.0 - 4.0 ka in this region. We are supplementing these records with cosmogenic 10Be exposure dating to further constrain the timing of deglaciation. In addition, these sedimentary archives will continue to be compared to radiocarbon dates of ice-killed vegetation along adjacent ice cap margins to determine if times of persistent snowline lowering are correlative to periods of glacier advance.

The Ice Sheet Mass Balance Inter-comparison Exercise

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shepherd, A.; Ivins, E. R.

2015-12-01

Fluctuations in the mass of ice stored in Antarctica and Greenland are of considerable societal importance. The Ice Sheet Mass Balance Inter-Comparison Exercise (IMBIE) is a joint-initiative of ESA and NASA aimed at producing a single estimate of the global sea level contribution to polar ice sheet losses. Within IMBIE, estimates of ice sheet mass balance are developed from a variety of satellite geodetic techniques using a common spatial and temporal reference frame and a common appreciation of the contributions due to external signals. The project brings together the laboratories and space agencies that have been instrumental in developing independent estimates of ice sheet mass balance to date. In its first phase, IMBIE involved 27 science teams, and delivered a first community assessment of ice sheet mass imbalance to replace 40 individual estimates. The project established that (i) there is good agreement between the three main satellite-based techniques for estimating ice sheet mass balance, (ii) combining satellite data sets leads to significant improvement in certainty, (iii) the polar ice sheets contributed 11 ± 4 mm to global sea levels between 1992 and 2012, and (iv) that combined ice losses from Antarctica and Greenland have increased over time, rising from 10% of the global trend in the early 1990's to 30% in the late 2000's. Demand for an updated assessment has grown, and there are now new satellite missions, new geophysical corrections, new techniques, and new teams producing data. The period of overlap between independent satellite techniques has increased from 5 to 12 years, and the full period of satellite data over which an assessment can be performed has increased from 19 to 40 years. It is also clear that multiple satellite techniques are required to confidently separate mass changes associated with snowfall and ice dynamical imbalance - information that is of critical importance for climate modelling. This presentation outlines the approach for the second phase of IMBIE, including the project organisation, the work programme and schedule, the main science goals, and its current status, and reviews the recent and historical contributions that the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets have made to global sea level rise.

3. "TEST STAND NO. 13, EXCAVATION PLAN & SECTIONS." Specifications ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. "TEST STAND NO. 1-3, EXCAVATION PLAN & SECTIONS." Specifications No. ENG 04-353-50-10; Drawing No. 60-0906; no sheet number within title block; D.O. SERIES 1109/10. Stamped: AS BUILT. No revisions or revision dates. Last work date on this drawing "Checked by EAG, 1/31/49." Though this drawing is specific to Test Stand 1-3, it also illustrates the general methods used for excavation design and retaining wall construction at Test Stand 1-5. - Edwards Air Force Base, Air Force Rocket Propulsion Laboratory, Test Stand 1-3, Test Area 1-115, northwest end of Saturn Boulevard, Boron, Kern County, CA

Off-label use of intravascular iodinated organic and MR contrast media.

PubMed

Tamburrini, O; Aprile, I; Falcone, C; Console, D; Rotundo, A; Rotondo, A

2011-02-01

This paper analyses off-label prescribing of the iodinated organic and magnetic resonance (MR) contrast media used in diagnostic imaging and evaluates the liability profiles and medicolegal issues associated with such use. The term off-label generally indicates the use of known drugs for which new scientific evidence suggests use in a manner and in clinical scenarios not explicitly addressed by the drug data sheet and is outside the indications for which the medication was approved. In addition, the term also indicates the use of drugs with a different route of administration and dosage from those indicated in the information leaflet. Intravascular contrast media used in diagnostic imaging are drugs in the complete sense of the term, even though they have unique characteristics which in many ways distinguish them from other pharmacological agents. The off-label use of contrast media in diagnostic imaging is a little-investigated field and most commonly, but not exclusively, applies to gadolinium-based contrast media used in MR angiography as well as cardiac and paediatric applications. In particular, the off-label use of contrast media mostly concerns deviations from the recommended dose. As contrast media are to all effects pharmaceutical agents, their off-label use can be considered admissible within the limitations laid down by the Italian law in force (Article 3 of Law 94/98) and its interpretation, i.e. the following criteria must be present: the lack of a valid diagnostic alternative; written informed consent by the patient; the presence of scientific publications validated at the international level; assumption of responsibility by the radiologist. The use of contrast media in modern image-guided medicine is essential. In cases in which the information contained in the information leaflet is modified and updated in any way whatsoever (indications, dosage, at others), specifically if restrictions are introduced in accordance with the law in force, the pharmaceutical industry must provide formal and timely notification to radiologists. On their part as prescribers and users of contrast media, radiologists must remain up to date regarding any changes in indications, dosage and route of administration. Lastly, we propose that the radiology report includes not only the type but also the dose of contrast medium used.

Physical and Chemical Stability of Budesonide Mucoadhesive Oral Suspensions (MucoLox).

PubMed

Ip, Kendice; Carvalho, Maria; Shan, Ashley; Banov, Daniel

2017-01-01

Budesonide is a corticosteroid that has been shown effective in the treatment of eosinophilic esophagitis, but there are currently no commercial medicines to treat this chronic allergic/immune condition, despite its prevalence in the U.S. Therefore, pharmaceutical compounding is the alternative choice to meet the therapeutic need of eosinophilic esophagitis patients. Two budesonide mucoadhesive oral suspensions (1 mg/10 mL and 2 mg/10 mL) were developed using the compounding vehicle MucoLox, a proprietary mucoadhesive polymer blend that promotes mucosal adhesion. The physical and chemical stability of the oral suspensions was tested over a period of 182 days, at room temperature and refrigerated conditions, in order to determine the corresponding beyond-use date. The physical characterization consisted in observing all samples for color/appearance and odor, and testing for pH and density, whereas the chemical characterization consisted in ultra-performance liquid chromatography assay testing. Both oral suspensions were proven physically and chemically stable, and the ultra-performance liquid chromatography method was proven stability indicating. As a result, the beyond-use date of the budesonide 1-mg/10-mL and 2-mg/10-mL mucoadhesive oral suspensions (MucoLox), in amber plastic bottles, is six months at both room temperature and refrigerated conditions. Copyright© by International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding, Inc.

Evolution of ice sheets in the early Quaternary of the central North Sea: 2.58 Ma to 0.78 Ma

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lamb, R.; Huuse, M.; Stewart, M.; Brocklehurst, S. H.

2016-12-01

Integration of chronostratigraphic proxies with 3D seismic and well-log data has allowed for a basin-wide re-interpretation of the onset of glaciation in the central North Sea during the Quaternary. Mapping of seismic geomorphology, calculations of water depth and sediment accumulation rates, and other basin analysis techniques unravel the evolution of the North Sea basin during the early Pleistocene, a period of dramatic global cooling and rapid 41 kyr glacial-interglacial cycles, identifying a system which is increasingly dominated by large, continental-scale ice sheets. Prior to this study continental-scale ice sheets were generally not considered able to grow in a 41 kyr cycle and the earliest date for such an ice sheet in the North Sea was identified at the onset of tunnel valley formation in the Elsterian (0.48 Ma; MIS 12) which forms a large regional-scale glacial unconformity. At the onset of the Pleistocene at 2.58 Ma the North Sea basin was an elongate `mega-fjord' with water depths of up to 350 m, infilling rapidly as the European river systems deposited a large clinoform complex in the southern end of the basin. This period corresponds to the preservation of large scale ice-berg scouring on clinoform topsets, suggesting the presence of marine-terminating ice sheets with repeated calving events. As the Pleistocene progressed and global climate became increasingly colder the North Sea became smaller and shallower due to the continual infill of the basin. At 1.72 Ma the basin reached a critical point between the cold climate and the shallowing of the basin and the first evidence for grounded glaciation in the form of mega-scale glacial lineations is seen at this level. Between 1.72 and 0.48 Ma there is evidence for ice-streaming in the form of multiple MSGL flow sets re-occupying the central North Sea, as well as a large glaciotectonic complex. The glacial geomorphological evidence presented pushes back the date of grounded glaciation in the central North Sea by over one million years relative to the existing models. This raises important questions about the completeness of glaciation histories of Europe and other high and mid latitude land areas that can only be addressed by in depth scrutiny of their adjacent offshore sedimentary records.

Date Palm Tree (Phoenix dactylifera L.): Natural Products and Therapeutic Options

PubMed Central

Al-Alawi, Reem A.; Al-Mashiqri, Jawhara H.; Al-Nadabi, Jawaher S. M.; Al-Shihi, Badria I.; Baqi, Younis

2017-01-01

Many plants, including some of the commonly consumed herbs and spices in our daily food, can be safely and effectively used to prevent and/or treat some health concerns. For example, caffeine the active ingredient found in coffee beans (Coffea), shows biological activity in the treatment of the central nervous system (CNS) disorders, indole-3-carbinol, and 3,3′-diindolylmethane are both broccoli (Brassica oleracea) derived phytochemicals with potential anti-cancer activity, and resveratrol, isolated from grape (Vitis vinifera), is reported to extend lifespan and provide cardio-neuro-protective, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer effects. Date palm fruits possess high nutritional and therapeutic value with significant antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-proliferative properties. This review focuses on the date fruit extracts and their benefits in individual health promoting conditions and highlights their applications as useful to the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries in the development of natural compound-based industrial products. PMID:28588600

Date Palm Tree (Phoenix dactylifera L.): Natural Products and Therapeutic Options.

PubMed

Al-Alawi, Reem A; Al-Mashiqri, Jawhara H; Al-Nadabi, Jawaher S M; Al-Shihi, Badria I; Baqi, Younis

2017-01-01

Many plants, including some of the commonly consumed herbs and spices in our daily food, can be safely and effectively used to prevent and/or treat some health concerns. For example, caffeine the active ingredient found in coffee beans ( Coffea ), shows biological activity in the treatment of the central nervous system (CNS) disorders, indole-3-carbinol, and 3,3'-diindolylmethane are both broccoli ( Brassica oleracea ) derived phytochemicals with potential anti-cancer activity, and resveratrol, isolated from grape ( Vitis vinifera ), is reported to extend lifespan and provide cardio-neuro-protective, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer effects. Date palm fruits possess high nutritional and therapeutic value with significant antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-proliferative properties. This review focuses on the date fruit extracts and their benefits in individual health promoting conditions and highlights their applications as useful to the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries in the development of natural compound-based industrial products.

Progression to Uncontrolled Severe Asthma: A Novel Risk Equation.

PubMed

Casciano, Julian; Krishnan, Jerry; Small, Mary Buatti; Li, Chenghui; Dotiwala, Zenobia; Martin, Bradley C

2017-01-01

Recently published asthma guidelines by the European Respiratory Society and the American Thoracic Society (ERS-ATS) define severe disease based on medication use and control level. These guidelines also emphasize that asthma severity involves certain biomarker phenotypes, one of them being eosinophilic phenotype. The quantification of the influence of eosinophil level toward predicting disease severity can help decision makers manage therapy better earlier. To develop a risk-scoring algorithm to identify patients at greater risk of developing uncontrolled severe asthma as defined by ERS-ATS guidelines. Data on asthma patients were extracted from the EMRClaims + database from January 2004 to July 2011. Patients with continuous enrollment 12 months before and after the date of the first encounter with a diagnosis of asthma (index date) with at least 1 blood eosinophil test result in the 12 months after the index date, but before the development of uncontrolled severe asthma or the study end date, were included. Uncontrolled severe asthma was defined as the first date on which all criteria of the ERS-ATS definition were first satisfied in the 12 months after the index date. Age (≥ 50 years vs. < 50 years), race, and sex were measured at index, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score (> 0 vs. 0) was measured in the pre-index period. Elevated eosinophil level was defined as a test result with ≥ 400 cells/µL. The study cohort was randomly split 50-50 into derivation and validation samples. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to develop the risk score for uncontrolled severe asthma using the derivation cohort with independent variables of eosinophil level, age, sex, race, and CCI. A bootstrapping procedure was used to generate 1,000 samples from the derivation cohort. Variables significant in ≥ 50% of the samples were retained in the final regression model. A risk score was then calculated based on the coefficient estimates of the final model. C-statistic was used to test the model's discrimination power. The study included 2,405 patients, 147 (6%) of whom developed uncontrolled severe asthma. Higher eosinophil level and CCI score > 0 were significantly and independently associated with an increased risk of uncontrolled severe asthma in the derivation cohort (HR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.17-3.08 and HR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.28-3.13, respectively); findings were similar in the validation cohort. Total risk score was categorized as 0, 2, and 4. All models showed good C-statistics (0.79-0.80), indicating favorable model discrimination. There was a significantly greater number of patients with uncontrolled severe asthma in the risk score segments of 2 and 4 compared with 0 (each P < 0.0001). A risk stratification tool using peripheral eosinophil counts and CCI can be used to predict the development of uncontrolled severe asthma. This study was funded by Teva Pharmaceuticals. eMAX Health Systems was a consultant to Teva Pharmaceuticals for this study and received payment from Teva Pharmaceuticals for work on this study. Casciano and Dotiwala are employed by eMAX Health Systems. Krishnan, Li, and Martin received payment from eMAX Health Systems for work on this study. Small was employed by Teva Pharmaceuticals at the time of this study. Study concept and design were contributed primarily by Casciano, Krishnan, Small, and Martin, along with Li and Dotiwala. Dotiwala, Casciano, Small, and Li collected the data, along with Martin and Li and Krishnan. Data interpretation was provided by Martin, Casciano, and Li, with assistance from the other authors. The manuscript was written by Li, Casciano, Dotiwala, and Small, with assistance from the other authors, and revised by Dotiwala, Small, Li, and Martin, with assistance from Krishnan and Casciano.

Deglaciation of Fennoscandia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stroeven, Arjen P.; Hättestrand, Clas; Kleman, Johan; Heyman, Jakob; Fabel, Derek; Fredin, Ola; Goodfellow, Bradley W.; Harbor, Jonathan M.; Jansen, John D.; Olsen, Lars; Caffee, Marc W.; Fink, David; Lundqvist, Jan; Rosqvist, Gunhild C.; Strömberg, Bo; Jansson, Krister N.

2016-09-01

To provide a new reconstruction of the deglaciation of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet, in the form of calendar-year time-slices, which are particularly useful for ice sheet modelling, we have compiled and synthesized published geomorphological data for eskers, ice-marginal formations, lineations, marginal meltwater channels, striae, ice-dammed lakes, and geochronological data from radiocarbon, varve, optically-stimulated luminescence, and cosmogenic nuclide dating. This is summarized as a deglaciation map of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet with isochrons marking every 1000 years between 22 and 13 cal kyr BP and every hundred years between 11.6 and final ice decay after 9.7 cal kyr BP. Deglaciation patterns vary across the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet domain, reflecting differences in climatic and geomorphic settings as well as ice sheet basal thermal conditions and terrestrial versus marine margins. For example, the ice sheet margin in the high-precipitation coastal setting of the western sector responded sensitively to climatic variations leaving a detailed record of prominent moraines and other ice-marginal deposits in many fjords and coastal valleys. Retreat rates across the southern sector differed between slow retreat of the terrestrial margin in western and southern Sweden and rapid retreat of the calving ice margin in the Baltic Basin. Our reconstruction is consistent with much of the published research. However, the synthesis of a large amount of existing and new data support refined reconstructions in some areas. For example, the LGM extent of the ice sheet in northwestern Russia was located far east and it occurred at a later time than the rest of the ice sheet, at around 17-15 cal kyr BP. We also propose a slightly different chronology of moraine formation over southern Sweden based on improved correlations of moraine segments using new LiDAR data and tying the timing of moraine formation to Greenland ice core cold stages. Retreat rates vary by as much as an order of magnitude in different sectors of the ice sheet, with the lowest rates on the high-elevation and maritime Norwegian margin. Retreat rates compared to the climatic information provided by the Greenland ice core record show a general correspondence between retreat rate and climatic forcing, although a close match between retreat rate and climate is unlikely because of other controls, such as topography and marine versus terrestrial margins. Overall, the time slice reconstructions of Fennoscandian Ice Sheet deglaciation from 22 to 9.7 cal kyr BP provide an important dataset for understanding the contexts that underpin spatial and temporal patterns in retreat of the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet, and are an important resource for testing and refining ice sheet models.

Process Analytical Technology (PAT): batch-to-batch reproducibility of fermentation processes by robust process operational design and control.

PubMed

Gnoth, S; Jenzsch, M; Simutis, R; Lübbert, A

2007-10-31

The Process Analytical Technology (PAT) initiative of the FDA is a reaction on the increasing discrepancy between current possibilities in process supervision and control of pharmaceutical production processes and its current application in industrial manufacturing processes. With rigid approval practices based on standard operational procedures, adaptations of production reactors towards the state of the art were more or less inhibited for long years. Now PAT paves the way for continuous process and product improvements through improved process supervision based on knowledge-based data analysis, "Quality-by-Design"-concepts, and, finally, through feedback control. Examples of up-to-date implementations of this concept are presented. They are taken from one key group of processes in recombinant pharmaceutical protein manufacturing, the cultivations of genetically modified Escherichia coli bacteria.

Constraints on ice volume changes of the WAIS and Ross Ice Shelf since the LGM based on cosmogenic exposure ages in the Darwin-Hatherton glacial system of the Transantarctic Mountains

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fink, David; Storey, Bryan; Hood, David; Joy, Kurt; Shulmeister, James

2010-05-01

Quantitative assessment of the spatial and temporal scale of ice volume change of the West Antarctic ice sheet (WAIS) and Ross Ice Shelf since the last glacial maximum (LGM) ~20 ka is essential to accurately predict ice sheet response to current and future climate change. Although global sea level rose by approximately 120 metres since the LGM, the contribution of polar ice sheets is uncertain and the timing of any such contribution is controversial. Mackintosh et al (2007) suggest that sectors of the EAIS, similar to those studied at Framnes Mountains where the ice sheet slowly calves at coastal margins, have made marginal contributions to global sea-level rise between 13 and 7 ka. In contrast, Stone et al (2003) document continuing WAIS decay during the mid-late Holocene, raising the question of what was the response of the WAIS since LGM and into the Holocene. Terrestrial evidence is restricted to sparse coastal oasis and ice free mountains which archive limits of former ice advances. Mountain ranges flanking the Darwin-Hatherton glaciers exhibit well-defined moraines, weathering signatures, boulder rich plateaus and glacial tills, which preserve the evidence of advance and retreat of the ice sheet during previous glacial cycles. Previous studies suggest a WAIS at the LGM in this location to be at least 1,000 meters thicker than today. As part of the New Zealand Latitudinal Gradient Project along the Transantarctic, we collected samples for cosmogenic exposure dating at a) Lake Wellman area bordering the Hatherton Glacier, (b) Roadend Nunatak at the confluence of the Darwin and Hatherton glaciers and (c) Diamond Hill which is positioned at the intersection of the Ross Ice Shelf and Darwin Glacier outlet. While the technique of exposure dating is very successful in mid-latitude alpine glacier systems, it is more challenging in polar ice-sheet regions due to the prevalence of cold-based ice over-riding events and absence of outwash processes which removes glacially transported debris. Our glacial geomorphic survey from ice sheet contact edge (~850 masl) to mountain peak at 1600 masl together with a suite of 10Be and 26Al exposure ages, documents a pre-LGM ice volume at least 800 meters thicker than current ice levels which was established at least 2 million years ago. However a complex history of exposure and re-exposure of the ice free regions in this area is seen in accordance with advance and retreat of the ice sheets that feeds into the Darwin -Hatherton system. A cluster of mid-altitude boulders, located below a prominent moraine feature mapped previously as demarcating the LGM ice advance limits, have exposure ages ranging from 30 to 40 ka. Exposure ages for boulders just above the ice contact range from 1to 19 ka and allow an estimate of inheritance. Hence, we conclude that LGM ice volume was not as large as previously estimated and actually little different from what is observed today. These results raise rather serious questions about the implications of a reduced WAIS at the LGM, its effect on the development of the Ross Ice Shelf, and how the Antarctic ice sheets respond to global warming. J. O. Stone et al., Science v299, 99 (2003). A. Mackintosh, D. White, D. Fink, D. Gore et al, Geology, v 35; 551-554 (2007).

Tuning peptide amphiphile supramolecular structure for biomedical applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pashuck, Eugene Thomas, III

The use of biomaterials in regenerative medicine has been an active area of research for more than a decade. Peptide amphiphiles, which are short peptide sequences coupled to alkyl tails, have been studied in the Stupp group since the beginning of the decade and been used for a variety of biomedical applications. Most of the work has focused on the bioactive epitopes places on the periphery of the PA molecules, but the interior amino acids, known as the beta-sheet region, give the PA nanofiber gel much of its mechanical strength. To study the important parameters in the beta-sheet region, six PA molecules were constructed to determine the influence of beta-sheet length and order of the amino acids in the beta-sheet. It was found that having beta-sheet forming amino acids near the center of the fiber improves PA gel stiffness, and that having extra amino acids that have preferences for other secondary structures, like alpha-helix decreased the gels stiffness. Using FTIR and circular dichroism it was found that the mechanical properties are influenced by the amount of twist in the beta-sheet, and PAs that have more twisted beta-sheets form weaker gels. The effect amino acid properties have on peptide amphiphile self-assembly where studied by synthesizining molecules with varying side group size and hydrophobicity. It was found that smaller amino acids lead to stiffer gels and when two amino acids had the same size the amino acid with the larger beta-sheet propensity lead to a stiffer gel. Furthermore, small changes in peptide structure were found to lead to big changes in nanostructure, as leucine and isoleucine, which have the same size but slightly different structures, form flat ribbons and cylindrical nanofibers, respectively. Phenylalanine and alanine were studied more indepth because they represent the effects of adding an aromatic group to amino acids in the beta-sheet regon. These phenylalanine PAs formed short, twisted ribbons when freshly dissolved in water that rapdily elongate to form long twisted ribbons. After being aged for two weeks half of these twisted ribbons turn into helical ribbons and by one month all of them have formed this new nanostructure. As a target in regenerative medicine, spinal cord injury repair presents a daunting challenge that has so far eluded successful pharmaceutical treatment. Previous work showing that PAs bearing the IKVAV epitope were found to increase functional recovery in mice paved the way for the more complex systems studied here. By making a PA that bound growth factors like neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in with the PA matrix, it was found that the release of NT-3 could be significantly slowed from an IKVAV with the presence of a novel binding epitope, and that including GDNF into the gel significantly increased neurite outgrowth compared to the standard IKVAV PA.

Groundwater dating with the helium-tritium method to assess the long-term persistence of pharmaceuticals and their residues in groundwater

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Massmann, G.; Burke, V.; Hass, U.; Dünnbier, U.

2012-04-01

The helium-tritium dating method is based on the analysis of tritium combined with its decay product, the lighter and rare 3He isotope. It was first suggested by Tolstikhin and Kamenskiy (1969) and has since been used in many groundwater studies. We applied the method to date groundwater recharged by bank filtration and former sewage irrigation onto sewage farms in Berlin, Germany, in order to assess the long-term persistence of several organic trace pollutants. In recent years, the occurrence of organic trace pollutants, such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) as well as their metabolites, in the aquatic environment has been of increasing public and scientific interest (e.g. Schwarzenbach et al., 2006). In (urban) partly closed water cycles like Berlin, poorly biodegradable polar compounds may travel along the water path from wastewater via surface water to the raw water used for drinking water production (Reemtsma et al., 2006). In addition, raw or treated sewage irrigation onto sewage farms and/or agricultural land was common practice in Berlin until the 80s. Combined age dating and trace compound analysis revealed that several phenazone-type compounds (AMDOPH, AMPH, FAA and AAA) as well as a number of psychoactive compounds (meprobamate, pyrithyldione, primidone, and its metabolites phenobarbital and phenylethylmalonamide) are present in three decade old groundwater down gradient of a decommissioned sewage farm in Berlin, while a number of phenazone-type compounds (phenazone, propyphenazone, AMDOPH, AMPH) were present in decade-old bank filtrate. The results prove the long-term-persistence of the respective compounds under anoxic redox conditions, which are prevalent at the investigated sites. At the bank filtration sites, some of the compounds may regionally even be used as time markers for a certain infiltration period and reflect the surface water quality changes of the past few decades.

Cognitive Task Analysis of the HALIFAX-Class Operations Room Officer

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-03-10

Image Cover Sheet CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM NUMBER 510918 UNCLASSIFIED llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll TITLE COGNITIVE TASK ANALYSIS OF THE...DATES COVERED 00-00-1999 to 00-00-1999 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Cognitive Task Analysis of the HALIFAX-Class Operations Room Officer 5a. CONTRACT...Ontario . ~ -- . ’ c ... - Incorporated Cognitive Task Analysis of the HALIFAX-Class Operations Room Officer: PWGSC Contract No. W7711-7-7404/001/SV

Photocopy of drawing. SPACECRAFT INDUSTRIAL AREA, O&C BUILDING, A&T AREA, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photocopy of drawing. SPACECRAFT INDUSTRIAL AREA, O&C BUILDING, A&T AREA, ALTITUDE CHAMBER “L”. NASA, John F. Kennedy Space Center, Florida. Drawing 79K00213, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, no date. SHELL PENETRATION SCHEDULE. Sheet 4 - Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Launch Complex 39, Altitude Chambers, First Street, between Avenue D and Avenue E, Cape Canaveral, Brevard County, FL

National Program for Inspection of Non-Federal Dams. Highland Lake North Outlet (NH 00238), NHWRB 245.07, Merrimack River Basin, Washington, New Hampshire. Phase I Inspection Report.

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-08-01

appropriate portion of the USGS Lovewell Mountain quadrangle shown previously. Shedd Brook eventually flows into the Contoocook River. (b) Description...Washington Date: September 19, 1967 The North Outlet is shown on the USGS Quadrangle sheet at Lovewells Mountain. It is located about 1000 feet north of a

Photocopy of drawing. SPACECRAFT INDUSTRIAL AREA, O&C BUILDING, A&T AREA, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photocopy of drawing. SPACECRAFT INDUSTRIAL AREA, O&C BUILDING, A&T AREA, ALTITUDE CHAMBER “L”. NASA, John F. Kennedy Space Center, Florida. Drawing 79K00213, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, no date. SHELL PENETRATION LAYOUT. Sheet 3 - Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Launch Complex 39, Altitude Chambers, First Street, between Avenue D and Avenue E, Cape Canaveral, Brevard County, FL

LOFT. Containment and service building (TAN650). Room number and function ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

LOFT. Containment and service building (TAN-650). Room number and function of each room. Identifies type of floor, paint, walls, ceiling, doors. This is sheet 1 of a 2-page drawing. Kaiser engineers 6413-11-STEP/LOFT-650-XX. Date: October 1965. INEEL index code no. 036-650-00-486-122228 - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Test Area North, Scoville, Butte County, ID

120. Back side technical facilities S.R. radar transmitter & computer ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

120. Back side technical facilities S.R. radar transmitter & computer building no. 102, section II "foundation & first floor plan" - structural, AS-BLT AW 35-46-04, sheet 65, dated 23 January, 1961. - Clear Air Force Station, Ballistic Missile Early Warning System Site II, One mile west of mile marker 293.5 on Parks Highway, 5 miles southwest of Anderson, Anderson, Denali Borough, AK

119. Back side technical facilities S.R. radar transmitter & computer ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

119. Back side technical facilities S.R. radar transmitter & computer building no. 102, section I "tower plan, sections & details" - structural, AS-BLT AW 35-46-04, sheet 62, dated 23 January, 1961. - Clear Air Force Station, Ballistic Missile Early Warning System Site II, One mile west of mile marker 293.5 on Parks Highway, 5 miles southwest of Anderson, Anderson, Denali Borough, AK

17 CFR 230.610a - Schedule A: Contents of offering circular for small business investment companies; Schedule B...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... boldface roman type at least as large as ten-point modern type and at least two points leaded: “THESE... discussing the material risks involved in purchasing the securities, printed in bold-face roman type at least... the city and state for address of portfolio companies. 2. State the value as of date of balance sheet...

17 CFR 230.610a - Schedule A: Contents of offering circular for small business investment companies; Schedule B...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... boldface roman type at least as large as ten-point modern type and at least two points leaded: “THESE... discussing the material risks involved in purchasing the securities, printed in bold-face roman type at least... the city and state for address of portfolio companies. 2. State the value as of date of balance sheet...

17 CFR 230.610a - Schedule A: Contents of offering circular for small business investment companies; Schedule B...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... boldface roman type at least as large as ten-point modern type and at least two points leaded: “THESE... discussing the material risks involved in purchasing the securities, printed in bold-face roman type at least... the city and state for address of portfolio companies. 2. State the value as of date of balance sheet...

17 CFR 230.610a - Schedule A: Contents of offering circular for small business investment companies; Schedule B...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... boldface roman type at least as large as ten-point modern type and at least two points leaded: “THESE... discussing the material risks involved in purchasing the securities, printed in bold-face roman type at least... the city and state for address of portfolio companies. 2. State the value as of date of balance sheet...

Englacial layer mapping correlation and consistency techniques: an example from airborne ice penetrating radar profiles in West Antarctica

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sudunagunta, V.; Ballal, S.; Albach, R.; Muldoon, G.; Quartini, E.; Cavitte, M. G.; Young, D. A.; Blankenship, D. D.

2016-12-01

Ice sheets are important considerations in projections of sea level rise and studies of climate history. Satellite imagery, ice-penetrating radar, and ground penetrating radar are commonly used to understand the dynamics and health of ice sheets. We focus on how to accurately interpret ice-penetrating radar data by tracing isochrones dated by comparison to deep ice cores so that an extensive knowledge of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet's internal stratigraphy is obtained. The radar data shows englacial reflectors and isochrones are interpreted englacial reflectors. We analyze these features and attempt to understand their possible origins. Accurate interpretation of radar data is crucial because the data will be used to evaluate ice flow evolution and boundary conditions. It can also be used to validate simulated ice sheet models. However to do so, isochrones must be traced and connected correctly. Our approach accomplishes this and has the potential to be applied to other ice sheets on Earth and in extraterrestrial systems. We discuss the methodology utilized by our team to interpret data from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet collected using airborne ice-penetrating radar. The seismic reflection interpretation environment Landmark DecisionSpace was adapted to display and interpret the radar returns. When tracing isochrones, a group approach is used to maximize accuracy. In gridded surveys, loops are used to continuously check isochrones, in addition to retracing of isochrones by different group members to check for errors in interpretation. As loops are made, areas of possible scientific merit, such as isochrone drawdowns or Raymond bumps, are documented. A key aspect of this approach is the ability to work in a shared environment with a collaborative database like DecisionSpace. We will explore how we identified these features, their root causes, and subsequent implications for understanding ice sheet dynamics.

Obliquity-paced Pliocene West Antarctic ice sheet oscillations

USGS Publications Warehouse

Naish, T.; Powell, R.; Levy, R.; Wilson, G.; Scherer, R.; Talarico, F.; Krissek, L.; Niessen, F.; Pompilio, M.; Wilson, T.; Carter, L.; DeConto, R.; Huybers, P.; McKay, R.; Pollard, D.; Ross, J.; Winter, D.; Barrett, P.; Browne, G.; Cody, R.; Cowan, E.; Crampton, J.; Dunbar, G.; Dunbar, N.; Florindo, F.; Gebhardt, C.; Graham, I.; Hannah, M.; Hansaraj, D.; Harwood, D.; Helling, D.; Henrys, S.; Hinnov, L.; Kuhn, G.; Kyle, P.; Laufer, A.; Maffioli, P.; Magens, D.; Mandernack, K.; McIntosh, W.; Millan, C.; Morin, R.; Ohneiser, C.; Paulsen, T.; Persico, D.; Raine, I.; Reed, J.; Riesselman, C.; Sagnotti, L.; Schmitt, D.; Sjunneskog, C.; Strong, P.; Taviani, M.; Vogel, S.; Wilch, T.; Williams, T.

2009-01-01

Thirty years after oxygen isotope records from microfossils deposited in ocean sediments confirmed the hypothesis that variations in the Earth's orbital geometry control the ice ages1, fundamental questions remain over the response of the Antarctic ice sheets to orbital cycles2. Furthermore, an understanding of the behaviour of the marine-based West Antarctic ice sheet (WAIS) during the 'warmer-than-present' early-Pliocene epoch (5–3 Myr ago) is needed to better constrain the possible range of ice-sheet behaviour in the context of future global warming3. Here we present a marine glacial record from the upper 600 m of the AND-1B sediment core recovered from beneath the northwest part of the Ross ice shelf by the ANDRILL programme and demonstrate well-dated, 40-kyr cyclic variations in ice-sheet extent linked to cycles in insolation influenced by changes in the Earth's axial tilt (obliquity) during the Pliocene. Our data provide direct evidence for orbitally induced oscillations in the WAIS, which periodically collapsed, resulting in a switch from grounded ice, or ice shelves, to open waters in the Ross embayment when planetary temperatures were up to 3 °C warmer than today4 and atmospheric CO2 concentration was as high as 400 p.p.m.v. (refs 5, 6). The evidence is consistent with a new ice-sheet/ice-shelf model7 that simulates fluctuations in Antarctic ice volume of up to +7 m in equivalent sea level associated with the loss of the WAIS and up to +3 m in equivalent sea level from the East Antarctic ice sheet, in response to ocean-induced melting paced by obliquity. During interglacial times, diatomaceous sediments indicate high surface-water productivity, minimal summer sea ice and air temperatures above freezing, suggesting an additional influence of surface melt8 under conditions of elevated CO2.

Obliquity-paced Pliocene West Antarctic ice sheet oscillations.

PubMed

Naish, T; Powell, R; Levy, R; Wilson, G; Scherer, R; Talarico, F; Krissek, L; Niessen, F; Pompilio, M; Wilson, T; Carter, L; DeConto, R; Huybers, P; McKay, R; Pollard, D; Ross, J; Winter, D; Barrett, P; Browne, G; Cody, R; Cowan, E; Crampton, J; Dunbar, G; Dunbar, N; Florindo, F; Gebhardt, C; Graham, I; Hannah, M; Hansaraj, D; Harwood, D; Helling, D; Henrys, S; Hinnov, L; Kuhn, G; Kyle, P; Läufer, A; Maffioli, P; Magens, D; Mandernack, K; McIntosh, W; Millan, C; Morin, R; Ohneiser, C; Paulsen, T; Persico, D; Raine, I; Reed, J; Riesselman, C; Sagnotti, L; Schmitt, D; Sjunneskog, C; Strong, P; Taviani, M; Vogel, S; Wilch, T; Williams, T

2009-03-19

Thirty years after oxygen isotope records from microfossils deposited in ocean sediments confirmed the hypothesis that variations in the Earth's orbital geometry control the ice ages, fundamental questions remain over the response of the Antarctic ice sheets to orbital cycles. Furthermore, an understanding of the behaviour of the marine-based West Antarctic ice sheet (WAIS) during the 'warmer-than-present' early-Pliocene epoch ( approximately 5-3 Myr ago) is needed to better constrain the possible range of ice-sheet behaviour in the context of future global warming. Here we present a marine glacial record from the upper 600 m of the AND-1B sediment core recovered from beneath the northwest part of the Ross ice shelf by the ANDRILL programme and demonstrate well-dated, approximately 40-kyr cyclic variations in ice-sheet extent linked to cycles in insolation influenced by changes in the Earth's axial tilt (obliquity) during the Pliocene. Our data provide direct evidence for orbitally induced oscillations in the WAIS, which periodically collapsed, resulting in a switch from grounded ice, or ice shelves, to open waters in the Ross embayment when planetary temperatures were up to approximately 3 degrees C warmer than today and atmospheric CO(2) concentration was as high as approximately 400 p.p.m.v. (refs 5, 6). The evidence is consistent with a new ice-sheet/ice-shelf model that simulates fluctuations in Antarctic ice volume of up to +7 m in equivalent sea level associated with the loss of the WAIS and up to +3 m in equivalent sea level from the East Antarctic ice sheet, in response to ocean-induced melting paced by obliquity. During interglacial times, diatomaceous sediments indicate high surface-water productivity, minimal summer sea ice and air temperatures above freezing, suggesting an additional influence of surface melt under conditions of elevated CO(2).

The extent and timing of the last British-Irish Ice Sheet offshore of west Ireland-preliminary findings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peters, Jared; Benetti, Sara; Dunlop, Paul; Cofaigh, Colm Ó.

2014-05-01

Recently interpreted marine geophysical data from the western Irish shelf has provided the first direct evidence that the last British-Irish Ice Sheet (BIIS) extended westwards onto the Irish continental shelf as a grounded ice mass composed of several lobes with marine-terminating margins. Marine terminating ice margins are known to be sensitive to external forcing mechanisms and currently there is concern regarding the future stability of marine based ice sheets, such as the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, in a warming world. Given its position, the glaciated western Irish continental shelf is a prime location to investigate the processes of how marine-based ice sheets responded to past climatic and oceanic events, which may in turn help us better predict the future trajectory of the marine sectors of modern Ice Sheets. However, despite the potential importance of the former Irish ice margin to our understanding of ice sheet behaviour, the timing and nature of its advance and retreat is currently poorly understood. This study aims to describe the depositional history of the last BIIS on the continental shelf west of Ireland and age-constrain the rate of retreat of two ice lobes that extended from Galway Bay and Clew Bay. This is being accomplished through a multifaceted analysis of at least 29 sediment cores gathered across the continental shelf offshore of counties Galway and Mayo, Ireland. This poster shows results from initial sedimentological descriptions of cores from the mid to outer shelf, which support previous geomorphic interpretations of BIIS history. Preliminary palaeoenvironmental results from ongoing micropaleontological analyses are also discussed and provide new data that verifies sedimentary interpretations on ice proximity. Finally, results from several radiocarbon dates are discussed, which limit these deposits to the last glacial maximum and constrain the timings of ice advance and retreat on the continental shelf west of Ireland.

A Detailed Geophysical Investigation of the Grounding of Henry Ice Rise, with Implications for Holocene Ice-Sheet Extent.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wearing, M.; Kingslake, J.

2017-12-01

It is generally assumed that since the Last Glacial Maximum the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) has experienced monotonic retreat of the grounding line (GL). However, recent studies have cast doubt on this assumption, suggesting that the retreat of the WAIS grounding line may have been followed by a significant advance during the Holocene in the Weddell and Ross Sea sectors. Constraining this evolution is important as reconstructions of past ice-sheet extent are used to spin-up predictive ice-sheet models and correct mass-balance observations for glacial isostatic adjustment. Here we examine in detail the formation of the Henry Ice Rise (HIR), which ice-sheet model simulations suggest played a key role in Holocene ice-mass changes in the Weddell Sea sector. Observations from a high-resolution ground-based, ice-penetrating radar survey are best explained if the ice rise formed when the Ronne Ice Shelf grounded on a submarine high, underwent a period of ice-rumple flow, before the GL migrated outwards to form the present-day ice rise. We constrain the relative chronology of this evolution by comparing the alignment and intersection of isochronal internal layers, relic crevasses, surface features and investigating the dynamic processes leading to their complex structure. We also draw analogies between HIR and the neighbouring Doake Ice Rumples. The date of formation is estimated using vertical velocities derived with a phase-sensitive radio-echo sounder (pRES). Ice-sheet models suggest that the formation of the HIR and other ice rises may have halted and reversed large-scale GL retreat. Hence the small-scale dynamics of these crucial regions could have wide-reaching consequences for future ice-sheet mass changes and constraining their formation and evolution further would be beneficial. One stringent test of our geophysics-based conclusions would be to drill to the bed of HIR to sample the ice for isotopic analysis and the bed for radiocarbon analysis.

[Injectable hospital preparation of valine labeled with the carbon 13 and nitrogen 15 (5 mg/mL) for a clinical trial on the brain tumor metabolism: Pharmaceutical control of active pharmaceutical ingredient and stability study of the finished product].

PubMed

Tall, M L; Diouf, E; Filali, S; Sauvinet, V; Laleye, D; Dhelens, C; Salmon, D; Gabert, L; Nugue, G; Sandre-Balester, C; Berger, F; Pirot, F; Pivot, C

2015-09-01

The L-Valine labeled (L-[U-(13)C,(15)N] Val) is a stable isotopic tracer administered by parenteral route within the framework of a new clinical research program concerning the brain tumor metabolism. To meet regulatory requirements and have ready to use solution with an expiration date, a pharmaceutical control of active pharmaceutical ingredient followed by stability study of hospital preparation were realised. After the pharmaceutical control of the L-[U-(13)C,(15)N] Val, the hospital preparation was prepared according to the good manufacturing preparation. Prepared bottles were stored at 5°C±3°C and 25°C±2°C for six months. The stability of the preparation was determined by physico-chemical controls (pH, osmolality, sub-visible particles, L-[U-(13)C,(15)N] Val concentration, sodium concentration, isotopic enrichment) and microbiological (bacterial endotoxin and sterility). Concentrations of L-[U-(13)C, (15)N] Val and sodium does not significantly decrease during the stability study. In parallel, no change in pH and osmolality were highlighted. Isotopic enrichment higher than 99.9% reflected the stability of labeling of L-valine molecule. The sub-visible particles, the bacterial endotoxin and sterility were in accordance with the European Pharmacopoeia attesting limpidity, apyrogenicity and sterility of this injectable preparation. The stability of this hospital preparation of L-[U-(13)C, (15)N] Val has been demonstrated for six months at 5°C±3°C and 25°C±2°C, ensuring a parenteral administration as part of the clinical trial. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Divisions of geologic time-major chronostratigraphic and geochronologic units

USGS Publications Warehouse

,

2010-01-01

Effective communication in the geosciences requires consistent uses of stratigraphic nomenclature, especially divisions of geologic time. A geologic time scale is composed of standard stratigraphic divisions based on rock sequences and is calibrated in years. Over the years, the development of new dating methods and the refinement of previous methods have stimulated revisions to geologic time scales. Advances in stratigraphy and geochronology require that any time scale be periodically updated. Therefore, Divisions of Geologic Time, which shows the major chronostratigraphic (position) and geochronologic (time) units, is intended to be a dynamic resource that will be modified to include accepted changes of unit names and boundary age estimates. This fact sheet is a modification of USGS Fact Sheet 2007-3015 by the U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Names Committee.

New Insight in Improving Therapeutic Efficacy of Antipsychotic Agents: An Overview of Improved In Vitro and In Vivo Performance, Efficacy Upgradation and Future Prospects.

PubMed

Ei Thu, Hnin; Hussain, Zahid; Shuid, Ahmad Nazrun

2018-01-01

Psychotic disorders are recognized as severe mental disorders that rigorously affect patient's personality, critical thinking, and perceptional ability. High prevalence, global dissemination and limitations of conventional pharmacological approaches compel a significant burden to the patient, medical professionals and the healthcare system. To date, numerous orally administered therapies are available for the management of depressive disorders, schizophrenia, anxiety, bipolar disorders and autism spectrum problems. However, poor water solubility, erratic oral absorption, extensive first-pass metabolism, low oral bioavailability and short half-lives are the major factors which limit the pharmaceutical significance and therapeutic feasibility of these agents. In recent decades, nanotechnology-based delivery systems have gained remarkable attention of the researchers to mitigate the pharmaceutical issues related to the antipsychotic therapies and to optimize their oral drug delivery, therapeutic outcomes, and patient compliance. Therefore, the present review was aimed to summarize the available in vitro and in vivo evidences signifying the pharmaceutical importance of the advanced delivery systems in improving the aqueous solubility, transmembrane permeability, oral bioavailability and therapeutic outcome of the antipsychotic agents. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.

MESSENGER and Venus Express Observations of the Near-tail of Venus: Magnetic Flux Transport, Current Sheet Structure, and Flux Rope Formation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Slavin, James A.; Boardsen, S. A.; Sarantos, M.; Acuna, M. H.; Anderson, B. J.; Barabash, S.; Benna, M.; Fraenz, M.; Gloeckler, G.; Gold, R. E.;

Phonon transport in single-layer boron nanoribbons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Zhongwei; Xie, Yuee; Peng, Qing; Chen, Yuanping

2016-11-01

Inspired by the successful synthesis of three two-dimensional (2D) allotropes, the boron sheet has recently been one of the hottest 2D materials around. However, to date, phonon transport properties of these new materials are still unknown. By using the non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) combined with the first principles method, we study ballistic phonon transport in three types of boron sheets; two of them correspond to the structures reported in the experiments, while the third one is a stable structure that has not been synthesized yet. At room temperature, the highest thermal conductance of the boron nanoribbons is comparable with that of graphene, while the lowest thermal conductance is less than half of graphene’s. Compared with graphene, the three boron sheets exhibit diverse anisotropic transport characteristics. With an analysis of phonon dispersion, bonding charge density, and simplified models of atomic chains, the mechanisms of the diverse phonon properties are discussed. Moreover, we find that many hybrid patterns based on the boron allotropes can be constructed naturally without doping, adsorption, and defects. This provides abundant nanostructures for thermal management and thermoelectric applications.

Documentation: Records and Reports.

PubMed

Akers, Michael J

2017-01-01

This article deals with documentation to include the beginning of documentation, the requirements of Good Manufacturing Practice reports and records, and the steps that can be taken to minimize Good Manufacturing Practice documentation problems. It is important to remember that documentation for 503a compounding involves the Formulation Record, Compounding Record, Standard Operating Procedures, Safety Data Sheets, etc. For 503b outsourcing facilities, compliance with Current Good Manufacturing Practices is required, so this article is applicable to them. For 503a pharmacies, one can see the development and modification of Good Manufacturing Practice and even observe changes as they are occurring in 503a documentation requirements and anticipate that changes will probably continue to occur. Copyright© by International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding, Inc.

Surface Exposure Dating of Glaciated Landscapes in Washington Land, Northwest Greenland

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reusche, M.; Ceperley, E. G.; Marcott, S. A.; Brook, E.; Mix, A. C.

2016-12-01

The timing and rate of sea-level contribution from the Greenland ice sheet (GIS) and its outlet glaciers through the 21st century is uncertain. Given the long response time of ice sheets, characterizing the sensitivity of the GIS to both atmospheric and oceanic forcings in the past plays a vital role in forecasting future GIS changes. Our terrestrial-based study is primarily focused along the margins of the marine-terminating Petermann Glacier of northwestern Greenland, and is part of a larger multidisciplinary research effort with oceanographers, geophysicists, and atmospheric scientists that aims to better understand Petermann's response to past perturbations in climate and the primary mechanisms that drive those changes. In order to more accurately determine the ice sheet history of the northwestern sector of the GIS, rock samples from erratic boulders on moraines and from across an expansive ice free region (Washington Land) adjacent to Nares Strait were collected for surface exposure dating with 10Be. The project goal is to apply exposure histories from these glacial erratics to determine the timing and rate of GIS retreat since the last glacial maximum from Nares Strait up to the relatively `fresh' moraines that front the present GIS and Petermann Glacier margins nearly 70 km away. Moraine chronologies will also be constructed from these presumably late Holocene moraines, which serve as unique evidence of pre-Little Ice Age (LIA) Neoglaciation that are often obliterated from the landscape due to the large extent of the LIA advance across much of Greenland. Preliminary exposure ages and results will be presented and discussed within the context of the ice-ocean-atmosphere system of northwestern Greenland and compared to ongoing and prior work.

Aeolian stratigraphy describes ice-age paleoenvironments in unglaciated Arctic Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gaglioti, Benjamin V.; Mann, Daniel H.; Groves, Pamela; Kunz, Michael L.; Farquharson, Louise M.; Reanier, Richard E.; Jones, Benjamin M.; Wooller, Matthew J.

2018-02-01

Terrestrial paleoenvironmental records with high dating resolution extending into the last ice age are rare from the western Arctic. Such records can test the synchronicity and extent of ice-age climatic events and define how Arctic landscapes respond to rapid climate changes. Here we describe the stratigraphy and sedimentology of a yedoma deposit in Arctic Alaska (the Carter Section) dating to between 37,000 and 9000 calibrated radiocarbon years BP (37-9 ka) and containing detailed records of loess and sand-sheet sedimentation, soil development, carbon storage, and permafrost dynamics. Alternation between sand-sheet and loess deposition provides a proxy for the extent and activity of the Ikpikpuk Sand Sea (ISS), a large dune field located immediately upwind. Warm, moist interstadial times (ca. 37, 36.3-32.5, and 15-13 ka) triggered floodplain aggradation, permafrost thaw, reduced loess deposition, increased vegetation cover, and rapid soil development accompanied by enhanced carbon storage. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ca. 28-18 ka), rapid loess deposition took place on a landscape where vegetation was sparse and non-woody. The most intense aeolian activity occurred after the LGM between ca. 18 and 15 ka when sand sheets fringing the ISS expanded over the site, possibly in response to increasingly droughty conditions as summers warmed and active layers deepened. With the exception of this lagged LGM response, the record of aeolian activity at the Carter Section correlates with other paleoenvironmental records from unglaciated Siberia and Alaska. Overall, rapid shifts in geomorphology, soils, vegetation, and permafrost portray an ice-age landscape where, in contrast to the Holocene, environmental change was chronic and dominated by aeolian processes.

[Primary antisera before and after the expiration date. Comparative immunohistochemical observations and analysis of data sheets and labels].

PubMed

Vigliani, R; Babache, N

2002-06-01

By means of positive and negative controls, the immunostaining properties of a series (B) of 78 primary antibodies (PAB) that had expired 7-77 months previously (mean, 26.3 months) were evaluated in comparison those of the same non expired (functioning) PAB. Qualitatively, no significative difference was observed in the specificity and sensitivity. Among all of the PAB (with the exception of one), no immunonegativity was observed. With special reference to immunohistochemical methods, dilution and retrieval procedures, as suggested on data sheets, were additionally considered. Moreover the residual availability of the reagents was checked. In fact 58 PAB were still available for further examination with probable prolongation of the duration of validity. Other observations are analytically reported as far as polyclonal, monoclonal, concentrated and predilluted expired PAB are concerned. In the same way, duration of available validity before the expiration date was examined for the expired PAB and for an additional series of 90 nonexpired PAB. Finally textual information (including intended use) reported on data sheets and labels has been scrutinized in detail. In conclusion, for the diagnostically applied immunohistochemistry on the basis of these findings and the recent American and European rules, the following propositions should be considered: (1) surveillance on methodological technical approach and diagnostic evaluation, with emphasis on accurate standardization and primary responsibility of the pathologist; (2) opportunity of a continuous feed-back between laboratories-customers and producers-traders, in order to render more uniform the information and establish more realistic parameters of utilization; and (3) possibility of cost reduction according to limited financial support from the health care administration.

Do drug advertisements provide therapeutic information?

PubMed Central

Stimson, G V

1977-01-01

In this study of advertisements appearing in medical periodicals and by direct mail advertising to general practitioners, Dr. Stimson, a sociologist, concludes that from what is intended to provide therapeutic information hardly any therapeutic information is provided. He reminds the reader of the safeguards which surround all drug advertising by law and by the code of practice of the Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry but these safeguards do not appear to control real or potential sins of omission. Frequently in these advertisements the literature relating to the drug is quoted but Dr. Stimson found that it was difficult to trace all the papers quoted in different types of medical library. (Some references quoted were to unpublished papers but surely the blame should be shared in this situation?) Dr. Stimson also gives a vivid and fascinating glimpse of what he calls the 'images and stereotypes' of the patients who, it is claimed, would benefit from the drug being advertised. Certainly most general practitioners must be aware that when they prescribe that image is displaced by an individual but the portrait gallery is indeed depressing. However, to balance these advertisements drug companies issue data sheets which must be more informative than advertisements and conform to regulations in their format. Unfortunately data sheets are only issued every 15 months whereas the 'average general practitioner is potentially exposed to 1,300 advertisements every month'. In other words, the data sheet and not the advertisement should be the guideline but it arrives too infrequently to offset the lack of therapeutic information contained in advertisements. PMID:870694

Toward large-area roll-to-roll printed nanophotonic sensors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karioja, Pentti; Hiltunen, Jussi; Aikio, Sanna M.; Alajoki, Teemu; Tuominen, Jarkko; Hiltunen, Marianne; Siitonen, Samuli; Kontturi, Ville; Böhlen, Karl; Hauser, Rene; Charlton, Martin; Boersma, Arjen; Lieberzeit, Peter; Felder, Thorsten; Eustace, David; Haskal, Eliav

2014-05-01

Polymers have become an important material group in fabricating discrete photonic components and integrated optical devices. This is due to their good properties: high optical transmittance, versatile processability at relative low temperatures and potential for low-cost production. Recently, nanoimprinting or nanoimprint lithography (NIL) has obtained a plenty of research interest. In NIL, a mould is pressed against a substrate coated with a moldable material. After deformation of the material, the mold is separated and a replica of the mold is formed. Compared with conventional lithographic methods, imprinting is simple to carry out, requires less-complicated equipment and can provide high-resolution with high throughput. Nanoimprint lithography has shown potential to become a method for low-cost and high-throughput fabrication of nanostructures. We show the development process of nano-structured, large-area multi-parameter sensors using Photonic Crystal (PC) and Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) methodologies for environmental and pharmaceutical applications. We address these challenges by developing roll-to-roll (R2R) UV-nanoimprint fabrication methods. Our development steps are the following: Firstly, the proof of concept structures are fabricated by the use of wafer-level processes in Si-based materials. Secondly, the master molds of successful designs are fabricated, and they are used to transfer the nanophotonic structures into polymer materials using sheet-level UV-nanoimprinting. Thirdly, the sheet-level nanoimprinting processes are transferred to roll-to-roll fabrication. In order to enhance roll-to-roll manufacturing capabilities, silicone-based polymer material development was carried out. In the different development phases, Photonic Crystal and SERS sensor structures with increasing complexities were fabricated using polymer materials in order to enhance sheet-level and roll-to-roll manufacturing processes. In addition, chemical and molecular imprint (MIP) functionalization methods were applied in the sensor demonstrators. In this paper, the process flow in fabricating large-area nanophotonic structures by the use of sheet-level and roll-to-roll UV- nanoimprinting is reported.

Evaluation of Ice sheet evolution and coastline changes from 1960s in Amery Ice Shelf using multi-source remote sensing images

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qiao, G.; Ye, W.; Scaioni, M.; Liu, S.; Feng, T.; Liu, Y.; Tong, X.; Li, R.

2013-12-01

Global change is one of the major challenges that all the nations are commonly facing, and the Antarctica ice sheet changes have been playing a critical role in the global change research field during the past years. Long time-series of ice sheet observations in Antarctica would contribute to the quantitative evaluation and precise prediction of the effects on global change induced by the ice sheet, of which the remote sensing technology would make critical contributions. As the biggest ice shelf and one of the dominant drainage systems in East Antarctic, the Amery Ice Shelf has been making significant contributions to the mass balance of the Antarctic. Study of Amery Ice shelf changes would advance the understanding of Antarctic ice shelf evolution as well as the overall mass balance. At the same time, as one of the important indicators of Antarctica ice sheet characteristics, coastlines that can be detected from remote sensing imagery can help reveal the nature of the changes of ice sheet evolution. Most of the scientific research on Antarctica with satellite remote sensing dated from 1970s after LANDSAT satellite was brought into operation. It was the declassification of the cold war satellite reconnaissance photographs in 1995, known as Declassified Intelligence Satellite Photograph (DISP) that provided a direct overall view of the Antarctica ice-sheet's configuration in 1960s, greatly extending the time span of Antarctica surface observations. This paper will present the evaluation of ice-sheet evolution and coastline changes in Amery Ice Shelf from 1960s, by using multi-source remote sensing images including the DISP images and the modern optical satellite images. The DISP images scanned from negatives were first interior-oriented with the associated parameters, and then bundle block adjustment technology was employed based on the tie points and control points, to derive the mosaic image of the research region. Experimental results of coastlines generated from DISP images and that from ASTER images were analyzed, and the changes and evolution of Amery ice shelf were then evaluated, following by the discussion of the possible drives.

Intensive Survey at 11-Jd-126, Jo Daviess County, Illinois. Volume 2. Data Sheets.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-07-01

wes-t- of_(Thtum a CONTENTS: Ceramics _____ Lithics- 4-pieces (1 shattgr, _3_ lakesfi q) Rough Rock-________ __ Bone 1 bone fragment __ Charcoal...Historic I historic ceramic iOther__ ___________ Washed fly M.0. /M. T.,/J. C. Sorted ByJ. C./M.T./M. O./P. Labeled By- M.O. Date 10/6/82 Date___ 10/6/82...5it.cU 6 I: I 1. . (3l 1: 1 t- y 1 P L _ ) .11 0/612 t" ) 1 L*Tot N:tr 29-it--~~ ~- o’. l.-).- I)"se ’ 10 ’r , c1 Sorte Byrj * Da e2 3 2 Vst 0 821f Co

Izhevskiy Petroleum Equipment Plant.

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-04-03

DIST AVAIL AND/OR SPECIAL DATE ACCESSIONED RI DISTRIBUTION STAMP 9- 12 27 DATE RECEIVED IN DTIC PHOTOGRAPH THIS SHEET AND RETURN TO DTIC-DDA-2 D FORM...release; distribution unlimited. FTD-ID(RS)T-0338-79 EDITED TRANSLATION FTD-ID(RS)T-0338-79 3 April 1979 MICROFICHE NR : l’- I C-Cr056 IZhEVSKIY PETROLEUM...III .1e’ llofwm~ww 4+utR.mw I"Te’Wnw~~A INC-eI1 l’T1 IilHw n1. 4’ 12.17 12 17 - I.’, I’ ’ I ’ ’I I? II ’ 2 n., 17 + I7 2’ 24 II - II -- - Key: 1 - No

Stability of Two Antifungal Agents, Fluconazole and Miconazole, Compounded in HUMCO RECURA Topical Cream to Determine Beyond-Use Date.

PubMed

Gautam, Pradeep; Light, Bob; Purvis, Troy

2017-01-01

A novel compounding vehicle (RECURA) has previously been proven to penetrate the nail bed when compounded with the antifungal agent miconazole or fluconazole, providing for an effective treatment for onychomycosis. In this study, miconazole and fluconazole were compounded separately in RECURA compounding cream, and they were tested at different time points (0, 7, 14, 28, 45, 60, 90, and 180 days) to determine the beyond-use date of those formulations. The beyond-use date testing of both formulations (10% miconazole in RECURA and 10% fluconazole in RECURA) proved them to be physically, chemically, and microbiologically stable under International Conference of Harmonisation controlled room temperature (25°C ± 2°C/60% RH ±5%) for at least 180 days from the date of compounding. Stability-indicating analytical method validation was completed for the simultaneous determination of miconazole and fluconazole in RECURA base using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector prior to the study. Copyright© by International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding, Inc.

Maintenance of Clinical Expertise and Clinical Research by the Clinical Professors at Gifu Pharmaceutical University.

PubMed

Tachi, Tomoya; Noguchi, Yoshihiro; Teramachi, Hitomi

2017-01-01

The clinical professors at Gifu Pharmaceutical University (GPU) provide pharmaceutical services at GPU Pharmacy, Gifu University Hospital, and Gifu Municipal Hospital to keep their clinical skills up-to-date; they also perform clinical research in collaboration with many clinical institutes. The Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy is part of the Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, to which the clinical professors belong, and is composed of three clinical professors (a professor, an associate professor, and an assistant professor). The professor administers the GPU Pharmacy as its director, while the associate professor and assistant professor provide pharmaceutical services to patients at Gifu Municipal Hospital, and also provide practical training for students in the GPU Pharmacy. Collectively, they have performed research on such topics as medication education for students, clinical communication education, and analysis of clinical big data. They have also conducted research in collaboration with clinical institutes, hospitals, and pharmacies. Here, we introduce the collaborative research between the Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy and Gifu Municipal Hospital. These studies include "Risk factors contributing to urinary protein expression resulting from bevacizumab combination chemotherapy", "Hyponatremia and hypokalemia as risk factors for falls", "Economic evaluation of adjustments of levofloxacin dosage by dispensing pharmacists for patients with renal dysfunction", and "Effect of patient education upon discharge for use of a medication notebook on purchasing over-the-counter drugs and health foods". In this symposium, we would like to demonstrate one model of the association and collaborative research between these clinical professors and clinical institutes.

Dynamic competition in pharmaceuticals. Patent expiry, generic penetration, and industry structure.

PubMed

Magazzini, Laura; Pammolli, Fabio; Riccaboni, Massimo

2004-06-01

This paper investigates patterns of industrial dynamics and competition in the pharmaceutical industry, with particular reference to the consequences of patent expiry in different countries. We focus on the competition at the level of single chemical entities, distinguishing between original brands and generic products. Quarterly data, spanning from July 1987 to December 1998, on sales of pharmaceutical products in four countries (USA, UK, Germany, and France) constitute the basis of our analysis. All the products containing major molecules whose patent expiration date lies between 1986 and 1996 are included in our sample. We show how diffusion of generics is linked to the characteristics of the market and investigate how price dynamics of original products are affected by generic competition. Our empirical investigation shows that the dynamics of drug prices and the competition by generic drugs vary significantly across countries. This heterogeneity notwithstanding, a clear distinction seems to emerge. On the one hand, systems that rely on market-based competition in pharmaceuticals promote a clear distinction between firms that act as innovators and firms that act as imitators after patent expiry. Here, original products enjoy premium prices and exclusivity profits under patent protection, and face fierce price competition after patent expiry. On the other hand, in systems that rely on administered prices, penetration by generic drugs tends to be rather limited. Its descriptive and preliminary nature notwithstanding, our analysis seems to have relevant implications at different levels of generality, especially for Europe.

[Association between Hajime Hoshi and Imperial princes].

PubMed

Misawa, Miwa

2008-01-01

Hajime Hoshi established Hoshi Pharmaceutical Company in 1911, and developed it into the No. 1 pharmaceutical company of Japan by 1918. He had many well-known friends and acqaintances including Hirobumi Ito, Shinpei Goto, Koki Hirota, Hideyo Noguchi, Inazo Nitobe, Kojiro Matsushita and Mitsuru Toyama. In this paper, the Imperial Family (princes) who had personal relationships with Hajime Hoshi are reported. Six princes visited the factories of Hoshi Pharmaceutical Company and Hoshi Pharmaceutical Commercial School from 1922 to 1928. They were Princes Fushimino-miya, Asakano-miya, Chichibuno-miya, Kitashirakawano-miya, Takedano-miya and LiKen-Ko. Each of His Imperial Highnesses showed much enthusiasm when visiting the factories and school. They wished to see the latest world-scale modern factories that were producing important drugs and exporting them to advanced Western countries. The anniversary date of the founding of Hoshi University is May 18, the day on which Fushmino-miya visited the former school of the University. Hajime Hoshi named his daughter Yasuko after Prince Asakano-miya Yasuhiko. He used to receive invitations to visit from those princes, hold congenial talks with them, and was sometimes presented with Imperial gifts. Hoshi had a global view and warm character, and entertained a deep respect for the Imperial Family. Therefore, it is conjectured that the princes had a favorable impression for Hoshi. It is believed that the splendid historical association between Hajime Hoshi and the Imperial princes should be recorded as historical events.

Hidden drivers of low-dose pharmaceutical pollutant mixtures revealed by the novel GSA-QHTS screening method

PubMed Central

Rodea-Palomares, Ismael; Gonzalez-Pleiter, Miguel; Gonzalo, Soledad; Rosal, Roberto; Leganes, Francisco; Sabater, Sergi; Casellas, Maria; Muñoz-Carpena, Rafael; Fernández-Piñas, Francisca

2016-01-01

The ecological impacts of emerging pollutants such as pharmaceuticals are not well understood. The lack of experimental approaches for the identification of pollutant effects in realistic settings (that is, low doses, complex mixtures, and variable environmental conditions) supports the widespread perception that these effects are often unpredictable. To address this, we developed a novel screening method (GSA-QHTS) that couples the computational power of global sensitivity analysis (GSA) with the experimental efficiency of quantitative high-throughput screening (QHTS). We present a case study where GSA-QHTS allowed for the identification of the main pharmaceutical pollutants (and their interactions), driving biological effects of low-dose complex mixtures at the microbial population level. The QHTS experiments involved the integrated analysis of nearly 2700 observations from an array of 180 unique low-dose mixtures, representing the most complex and data-rich experimental mixture effect assessment of main pharmaceutical pollutants to date. An ecological scaling-up experiment confirmed that this subset of pollutants also affects typical freshwater microbial community assemblages. Contrary to our expectations and challenging established scientific opinion, the bioactivity of the mixtures was not predicted by the null mixture models, and the main drivers that were identified by GSA-QHTS were overlooked by the current effect assessment scheme. Our results suggest that current chemical effect assessment methods overlook a substantial number of ecologically dangerous chemical pollutants and introduce a new operational framework for their systematic identification. PMID:27617294

Biotechnological production of pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals in plant cell and organ cultures.

PubMed

Hidalgo, Diego; Sanchez, Raul; Lalaleo, Liliana; Bonfill, Mercedes; Corchete, Purificacion; Palazon, Javier

2018-03-09

Plant biofactories are biotechnological platforms based on plant cell and organ cultures used for the production of pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals, although to date only a few of these systems have successfully been implemented at an industrial level. Metabolic engineering is possibly the most straightforward strategy to boost pharmaceutical production in plant biofactories, but social opposition to the use of GMOs means empirical approaches are still being used. Plant secondary metabolism involves thousands of different enzymes, some of which catalyze specific reactions, giving one product from a particular substrate, whereas others can yield multiple products from the same substrate. This trait opens plant cell biofactories to new applications, in which the natural metabolic machinery of plants can be harnessed for the bioconversion of phytochemicals or even the production of new bioactive compounds. Synthetic biological pipelines involving the bioconversion of natural substrates into products with a high market value may be established by the heterologous expression of target metabolic genes in model plants. To summarize the state of the art of plant biofactories and their applications for the pipeline production of cosme-, pharma- and biopharmaceuticals. In order to demonstrate the great potential of plant biofactories for multiple applications in the biotechnological production of pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals, this review broadly covers the following: plant biofactories based on cell and hairy root cultures; secondary metabolite production; biotransformation reactions; metabolic engineering tools applied in plant biofactories; and biopharmaceutical production. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.

Challenges in Understanding and Predicting Greenland Lake Drainage Events

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Poinar, K.; Andrews, L. C.; Moon, T. A.; Nowicki, S.

2017-12-01

To accurately predict ice flow, an ice-sheet model must resolve the complex spatio-temporal variability of the ice-sheet hydrologic system. For Greenland, this requires understanding rapid lake drainage events, by which moulins deliver water from supraglacial lakes to the ice-sheet base. Critical metrics include the drainage event location and its timing during the melt season. Here, we use multiple remote sensing datasets to investigate whether local principal strain rates control the dates of rapid supraglacial lake drainage events. We identify 359 rapid lake drainage events through a semi-automated analysis of MODIS and Landsat imagery, which we apply to Pâkitsoq, western Greenland, over nine summers (2006-2010 and 2013-2016). We compare these drainage dates to principal strain rates derived from InSAR (MEaSUREs and other products) and Landsat (GoLIVE and other products) satellite data over the same years. The InSAR-derived strain rates have lower uncertainties ( 0.01 yr-1) but capture only a wintertime average; the Landsat-derived strain rates have larger uncertainties ( 0.1 yr-1) but feature higher temporal resolution (≥16 days) and span the entire year, including the melt season. We find that locations with more-tensile wintertime strain rates are associated with earlier draining of supraglacial lakes in the subsequent summer. This is consistent with observations of lake drainage "clusters" or "cascades", where the perturbation from an initial lake drainage event is thought to trigger other lake drainages in the area. Our relation is not statistically significant, however, and any causality is complicated by a stronger correlation with more traditional metrics such as surface elevation and cumulative melt days. We also find that the Landsat-derived summertime strain rates, despite their higher temporal resolution, do not resolve the transient extensional strain rates known from GPS observations to accompany and/or incite rapid lake drainages. Our results highlight the current challenges in observing, at the regional scale, the causes of rapid lake drainage events, which must be better understood in order to parameterize surface-to-bed hydrological connections in ice-sheet models.

Laurentide ice sheet meltwater routing along the Iro-Mohawk River, eastern New York, USA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Porreca, Charles; Briner, Jason P.; Kozlowski, Andrew

2018-02-01

The rerouting of meltwater as the configuration of ice sheets evolved during the last deglaciation is thought to have led to some of the most significant perturbations to the climate system in the late Quaternary. However, the complex pattern of ice sheet meltwater drainage off the continents, and the timing of rerouting events, remains to be fully resolved. As the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) retreated north of the Adirondack Uplands of northeastern New York State during the last deglaciation, a large proglacial lake, Lake Iroquois, found a lower outlet that resulted in a significant flood event. This meltwater rerouting event, from outflow via the Iro-Mohawk River valley (southern Adirondack Mountains) to the spillway at Covey Hill (northeastern Adirondack Mountains), is hypothesized to have taken place 13.2 ka and disturbed meridional circulation in the North Atlantic Ocean. However, the timing of the rerouting event is not certain because the event has not been directly dated. With improving the history of Lake Iroquois drainage in mind, we obtained cosmogenic 10Be exposure ages on a strath terrace on Moss Island, along the Iro-Mohawk River spillway. We hypothesize that Moss Island's strath terrace became abandoned during the rerouting event. Six 10Be ages from the strath surface average 14.8 ± 1.3 ka, which predates the previously published bracketing radiocarbon ages of 13.2 ka. Several possibilities for the discrepancy exist: (1) the 10Be age accurately represents the timing of a decrease in discharge through the Iro-Mohawk River spillway; (2) the age is influenced by inheritance. The 10Be ages from glacially sculpted surfaces on Moss Island above the strath terrace predate the deglaciation of the site by 5 to 35 ky; and (3) the abandonment of the Moss Island strath terrace relates to knickpoint migration and not the final abandonment of the Iro-Mohawk River as the Lake Iroquois spillway. Further study and application of cosmogenic 10Be exposure dating in the region may lead to tighter chronologic constraints of meltwater history of the LIS.

The return of rainbow diet pills.

PubMed

Cohen, Pieter A; Goday, Alberto; Swann, John P

2012-09-01

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently warned consumers about the risks of weight loss supplements adulterated with multiple pharmaceutical agents. Some of these supplements combine potent anorectics, such as amphetamines derivatives, with benzodiazepines, beta-blockers, and other medications to suppress the anorectics' adverse effects. These weight loss supplements represent the most recent generation of rainbow diet pills, named for their bright and varied colors, which date back more than 70 years. Beginning in the 1940s, several US pharmaceutical firms aggressively promoted rainbow pills to physicians and patients. By the 1960s the pills had caused dozens of deaths before the FDA began removing them from the US market. We used a variety of original resources to trace these deadly pills from their origins in the United States to their popularity in Spain and Brazil to their reintroduction to the United States as weight loss dietary supplements.

The Return of Rainbow Diet Pills

PubMed Central

Cohen, Pieter A.; Goday, Alberto; Swann, John P.

2012-01-01

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently warned consumers about the risks of weight loss supplements adulterated with multiple pharmaceutical agents. Some of these supplements combine potent anorectics, such as amphetamines derivatives, with benzodiazepines, beta-blockers, and other medications to suppress the anorectics’ adverse effects. These weight loss supplements represent the most recent generation of rainbow diet pills, named for their bright and varied colors, which date back more than 70 years. Beginning in the 1940s, several US pharmaceutical firms aggressively promoted rainbow pills to physicians and patients. By the 1960s the pills had caused dozens of deaths before the FDA began removing them from the US market. We used a variety of original resources to trace these deadly pills from their origins in the United States to their popularity in Spain and Brazil to their reintroduction to the United States as weight loss dietary supplements. PMID:22813089

Quantitative Detection of Pharmaceuticals Using a Combination of Paper Microfluidics and Wavelength Modulated Raman Spectroscopy

PubMed Central

Craig, Derek; Mazilu, Michael; Dholakia, Kishan

2015-01-01

Raman spectroscopy has proven to be an indispensable technique for the identification of various types of analytes due to the fingerprint vibration spectrum obtained. Paper microfluidics has also emerged as a low cost, easy to fabricate and portable approach for point of care testing. However, due to inherent background fluorescence, combining Raman spectroscopy with paper microfluidics is to date an unmet challenge in the absence of using surface enhanced mechanisms. We describe the first use of wavelength modulated Raman spectroscopy (WMRS) for analysis on a paper microfluidics platform. This study demonstrates the ability to suppress the background fluorescence of the paper using WMRS and the subsequent implementation of this technique for pharmaceutical analysis. The results of this study demonstrate that it is possible to discriminate between both paracetamol and ibuprofen, whilst, also being able to detect the presence of each analyte quantitatively at nanomolar concentrations. PMID:25938464

Pharmaceutical considerations of nitroglycerin

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yacobi, A.; Amann, A.H.; Baaske, D.M.

1983-04-01

During the past few years, there have been rapid changes in the pharmaceutical uses of nitroglycerin. New dosage forms and new delivery systems have become available, which have resulted in potential confusion to all concerned with the proper use of these systems. The goal of this review is to prevent confusion and to bring all the relevant information together. The various analytical techniques available for quality control of the dosage forms and for the study of the pharmacokinetics are reviewed, with the intent of enabling the reader to identify pertinent references rapidly. The interaction of nitroglycerin with packaging and plasticmore » delivery devices is also reviewed so that the reader can make informed choices. Finally, the clinical pharmacy and pharmacokinetics are reviewed so as to bring the reader up to date in that area. After reading this article, the areas of nitroglycerin research that still need to be explored should be apparent.« less

The social science contribution to pharmacoepidemiology.

PubMed

Higginbotham, N; Streiner, D L

1991-01-01

An understanding of the inappropriate use of pharmaceuticals (the prescribing of unnecessary or ineffective medications, and non-compliance by consumers) can be furthered by considering the psychological, social and cultural contexts in which medicines are used. The consumers are influenced by their beliefs about benefits, safety and cost; opinions of their social group; and emotions associated with taking the medication itself. Similar considerations apply to the prescribers or dispensers of the drugs, who are also influenced by the marketing and regulatory practices of their countries. A model of drug use which takes these factors into account can suggest various strategies to increase optimal pharmaceutical utilization. To date, these efforts have focused almost exclusively on the prescriber or manufacturer, and have had limited success. However, other, more effective techniques exist, which can modify the behavior of both of these groups, and of the consumers. A strategy of research in this area is outlined.

A useful method to overcome the difficulties of applying silicone gel sheet on irregular surfaces.

PubMed

Grella, Roberto; Nicoletti, Gianfranco; D'Ari, Antonio; Romanucci, Vincenza; Santoro, Mariangela; D'Andrea, Francesco

2015-04-01

To date, silicone gel and silicone occlusive plates are the most useful and effective treatment options for hypertrophic scars (surgical and traumatic). Use of silicone sheeting has also been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of minor keloids in association with corticosteroid intralesional infiltration. In our practice, we encountered four problems: maceration, rashes, pruritus and infection. Not all patients are able to tolerate the cushion, especially children, and certain anatomical regions as the face and the upper chest are not easy to dress for obvious social, psychological and aesthetic reasons. In other anatomical regions, it is also difficult to obtain adequate compression and occlusion of the scar. To overcome such problems of applying silicone gel sheeting, we tested the use of liquid silicone gel (LSG) in the treatment of 18 linear hypertrophic scars (HS group) and 12 minor keloids (KS group) as an alternative to silicone gel sheeting or cushion. Objective parameters (volume, thickness and colour) and subjective symptoms such as pain and pruritus were examined. Evaluations were made when the therapy started and after 30, 90 and 180 days of follow-up. After 90 days of treatment with silicone gel alone (two applications daily), HS group showed a significant improvement in terms of volume decrease, reduced inflammation and redness and improved elasticity. In conclusion, on the basis of our clinical data, we find LSG to be a useful method to overcome the difficulties of applying silicone gel sheeting on irregular surface. © 2013 The Authors. International Wound Journal © 2013 Medicalhelplines.com Inc and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Roof plan, Combat Operations Center, Building No. 2605. (Also includes ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Roof plan, Combat Operations Center, Building No. 2605. (Also includes a typical roof section, with new fiberglass and urethane insulation layers.) By Federal Builders, 575 Carreon Drive, Colton, California. Sheet 1 of 1, dated 18 May 1992. Scale one-eighth inch to one foot. 24x36 inches. ink on paper - March Air Force Base, Strategic Air Command, Combat Operations Center, 5220 Riverside Drive, Moreno Valley, Riverside County, CA

14. "SITE WORK, CIVIL, SITE PLAN." Test Area 1120. Specifications ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

14. "SITE WORK, CIVIL, SITE PLAN." Test Area 1-120. Specifications No. OC2-55-72; Drawing No. 60-09-12; sheet 7 of 148; file no. 1320/58, Rev. C. Stamped: RECORD DRAWING - AS CONSTRUCTED. Below stamp: Contract no. 4338 Rev. C, Date: 16 April 1957. - Edwards Air Force Base, Air Force Rocket Propulsion Laboratory, Leuhman Ridge near Highways 58 & 395, Boron, Kern County, CA

27. Photocopy of original plan (on file at City of ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

27. Photocopy of original plan (on file at City of New York Department of Ports, International Trade, and Commerce) no date FREIGHT SHED/WEST 55TH ST. IMPROVEMENT/BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN/ HEATING SYSTEM INSTALLED BY WILLIAM J. OLVANEY (1 of 2 sheets) - West 55th Street & West 56th Street Piers, Hudson River at West Fifty-fifth & West Fifty-sixth Streets, Manhattan, New York County, NY

26. Photographic copy of plant engineer's handdrawn buildings function chart, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

26. Photographic copy of plant engineer's hand-drawn buildings function chart, dated 1967; Ink and pencil on tracing paper; Attributed to GWN, Original in collection of Rath drawings and blueprints owned by Waterloo Community Development Board, Waterloo, Iowa; SHEET THREE; OUTLINES ACTIVITIES TAKING PLANE ON EACH FLOOR OF MAJOR BUILDINGS IN THE RATH COMPLEX - Rath Packing Company, Sycamore Street between Elm & Eighteenth Streets, Waterloo, Black Hawk County, IA

24. Photographic copy of plant engineer's handdrawn buildings function chart, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

24. Photographic copy of plant engineer's hand-drawn buildings function chart, dated 1967; Ink and pencil on tracing paper; Attributed to GWN, Original in collection of Rath drawings and blueprints owned by Waterloo Community Development Board, Waterloo, Iowa; SHEET ONE; OUTLINES ACTIVITIES TAKING PLANE ON EACH FLOOR OF MAJOR BUILDINGS IN THE RATH COMPLEX - Rath Packing Company, Sycamore Street between Elm & Eighteenth Streets, Waterloo, Black Hawk County, IA

25. Photographic copy of plant engineer's handdrawn buildings function chart, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

25. Photographic copy of plant engineer's hand-drawn buildings function chart, dated 1967; Ink and pencil on tracing paper; Attributed to GWN, Original in collection of Rath drawings and blueprints owned by Waterloo Community Development Board, Waterloo, Iowa; SHEET TWO; OUTLINES ACTIVITIES TAKING PLANE ON EACH FLOOR OF MAJOR BUILDINGS IN THE RATH COMPLEX - Rath Packing Company, Sycamore Street between Elm & Eighteenth Streets, Waterloo, Black Hawk County, IA

Knowledge synthesis of benefits and adverse effects of measles vaccination: the Lasbela balance sheet.

PubMed

Ledogar, Robert J; Fleming, John; Andersson, Neil

2009-10-14

In preparation for a cluster-randomized controlled trial of a community intervention to increase the demand for measles vaccination in Lasbela district of Pakistan, a balance sheet summarized published evidence on benefits and possible adverse effects of measles vaccination. The balance sheet listed: 1) major health conditions associated with measles; 2) the risk among the unvaccinated who contract measles; 3) the risk among the vaccinated; 4) the risk difference between vaccinated and unvaccinated; and 5) the likely net gain from vaccination for each condition. Two models revealed very different projections of net gain from measles vaccine. A Lasbela-specific combination of low period prevalence of measles among the unvaccinated, medium vaccination coverage and low vaccine efficacy rate, as revealed by the baseline survey, resulted in less-than-expected gains attributable to vaccination. Modelled on estimates where the vaccine had greater efficacy, the gains from vaccination would be more substantial. Specific local conditions probably explain the low rates among the unvaccinated while the high vaccine failure rate is likely due to weaknesses in the vaccination delivery system. Community perception of these realities may have had some role in household decisions about whether to vaccinate, although the major discouraging factor was inadequate access. The balance sheet may be useful as a communication tool in other circumstances, applied to up-to-date local evidence.

Rapid Flame Synthesis of Atomically Thin MoO3 down to Monolayer Thickness for Effective Hole Doping of WSe2.

PubMed

Cai, Lili; McClellan, Connor J; Koh, Ai Leen; Li, Hong; Yalon, Eilam; Pop, Eric; Zheng, Xiaolin

2017-06-14

Two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3 ) with mono- or few-layer thickness can potentially advance many applications, ranging from optoelectronics, catalysis, sensors, and batteries to electrochromic devices. Such ultrathin MoO 3 sheets can also be integrated with other 2D materials (e.g., as dopants) to realize new or improved electronic devices. However, there is lack of a rapid and scalable method to controllably grow mono- or few-layer MoO 3 . Here, we report the first demonstration of using a rapid (<2 min) flame synthesis method to deposit mono- and few-layer MoO 3 sheets (several microns in lateral dimension) on a wide variety of layered materials, including mica, MoS 2 , graphene, and WSe 2 , based on van der Waals epitaxy. The flame-grown ultrathin MoO 3 sheet functions as an efficient hole doping layer for WSe 2 , enabling WSe 2 to reach the lowest sheet and contact resistance reported to date among all the p-type 2D materials (∼6.5 kΩ/□ and ∼0.8 kΩ·μm, respectively). These results demonstrate that flame synthesis is a rapid and scalable pathway to growing atomically thin 2D metal oxides, opening up new opportunities for advancing 2D electronics.

Nutritional Status Assessment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, Scott M.

2008-01-01

Nutritional Status Assessment (Nutrition) is the most comprehensive inflight study done by NASA to date of human physiologic changes during long-duration space flight; this includes measures of bone metabolism, oxidative damage, nutritional assessments, and hormonal changes. This study will impact both the definition of nutritional requirements and development of food systems for future space exploration missions to the Moon and Mars. This experiment will also help to understand the impact of countermeasures (exercise and pharmaceuticals) on nutritional status and nutrient requirements for astronauts.

Microgravity

NASA Image and Video Library

1997-07-01

Parvalbumins are found in the muscles, endocrine glands, skin cells, and some neurons of vertebrates, but the role they play for musculature is not yet understood. Researchers are exploring theories of a correlation between parvalbumin concentration levels and the relaxation speed of mammalian muscles after contraction. An ultra-high resolution structure was achieved from samples grown on STS-83 and in July 1997, during STS-94, PCAM produced the largest crystals of pike parvalbumin grown to date. Principal Investigator: Dan Carter of New Century Pharmaceuticals.

Pike Parvalbumin

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

Parvalbumins are found in the muscles, endocrine glands, skin cells, and some neurons of vertebrates, but the role they play for musculature is not yet understood. Researchers are exploring theories of a correlation between parvalbumin concentration levels and the relaxation speed of mammalian muscles after contraction. An ultra-high resolution structure was achieved from samples grown on STS-83 and in July 1997, during STS-94, PCAM produced the largest crystals of pike parvalbumin grown to date. Principal Investigator: Dan Carter of New Century Pharmaceuticals.

Reporting of Cardiovascular Medical Device Adverse Events to Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, Japan☆

PubMed Central

Handa, Nobuhiro; Ishii, Kensuke; Matsui, Yutaka; Ando, Yuki

2015-01-01

Background Marketing authorization holders (MAHs) are obligated to report adverse events (AEs) within 15 days (some cases 30 days) to the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) of Japan. Methods To analyze the timeliness of AE reporting to the PMDA, 6610 reports for five categories of cardiovascular devices were retrieved. Two durations were calculated: (1) time from the date the AE occurred to that when the MAH captured it (DOC: days); and (2) time from the date of MAH capture to that of MAH report (DCR: days). Number of DOC > 15 days (DOC15) and delayed reports (DCR > 15 or 30 days) were also calculated. Results AEs included 9.2% deaths and 7.5% non-recoveries. DOC15 and delayed reports were 51.0% and 10.9%, respectively. By multivariate analysis, DOC15 was associated with foreign AE, device category, MAH, patient outcome, event category, and AE that had to be reported within 15 or 30 days (AE15/30). Delayed report was associated with device category, MAH, patient outcome, event category, and AE15/30. Comments Although Japanese MAHs complied with the obligation to report AEs, they often failed to share AEs with healthcare providers. Registry may be a potential solution, although the cooperation of healthcare providers to input data is essential. PMID:26501120

[Global funding for papers of excellence on smoking, 2010-2014].

PubMed

Granda-Orive, José Ignacio de; Alonso-Arroyo, Adolfo; García-Río, Francisco; López-Padilla, Daniel E; Solano-Reina, Segismundo; Jiménez-Ruiz, Carlos A; Aleixandre-Benavent, Rafael

2015-11-01

The objective of this study was to investigate the funding received by papers of excellence on smoking at the global level between 2010 and 2014 through the Web of Science, and to find out if funding is associated with greater impact. We searched the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) and the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) through the Web of Science platform on 20 May 2015 (typology consisting of originals and reviews for the period from 2010 to 2014). The search strategy was "smok*" OR "tobac*." To select the papers of excellence, we picked those that had an h index (i.e., number of articles having at least that many citations) from among the papers in the overall sample generated by the strategy. Of the 193 papers of excellence on smoking that were identified, 158 had received funding from 279 different financing institutions that intervened 522 times. The funding came primarily from government agencies, private foundations, and the pharmaceutical industry. Public funding declined and private funding increased over the years included in the analysis. Receipt of funding was not associated with greater impact at a later date. Most of the papers of excellence on smoking received external funding primarily from government agencies, private foundations, and the pharmaceutical industry. Public funding has decreased, while private funding has increased. Receipt of funding was not associated with greater impact at a later date.

Non-pharmaceutical public health interventions for pandemic influenza: an evaluation of the evidence base.

PubMed

Aledort, Julia E; Lurie, Nicole; Wasserman, Jeffrey; Bozzette, Samuel A

2007-08-15

In an influenza pandemic, the benefit of vaccines and antiviral medications will be constrained by limitations on supplies and effectiveness. Non-pharmaceutical public health interventions will therefore be vital in curtailing disease spread. However, the most comprehensive assessments of the literature to date recognize the generally poor quality of evidence on which to base non-pharmaceutical pandemic planning decisions. In light of the need to prepare for a possible pandemic despite concerns about the poor quality of the literature, combining available evidence with expert opinion about the relative merits of non-pharmaceutical interventions for pandemic influenza may lead to a more informed and widely accepted set of recommendations. We evaluated the evidence base for non-pharmaceutical public health interventions. Then, based on the collective evidence, we identified a set of recommendations for and against interventions that are specific to both the setting in which an intervention may be used and the pandemic phase, and which can be used by policymakers to prepare for a pandemic until scientific evidence can definitively respond to planners' needs. Building on reviews of past pandemics and recent historical inquiries, we evaluated the relative merits of non-pharmaceutical interventions by combining available evidence from the literature with qualitative and quantitative expert opinion. Specifically, we reviewed the recent scientific literature regarding the prevention of human-to-human transmission of pandemic influenza, convened a meeting of experts from multiple disciplines, and elicited expert recommendation about the use of non-pharmaceutical public health interventions in a variety of settings (healthcare facilities; community-based institutions; private households) and pandemic phases (no pandemic; no US pandemic; early localized US pandemic; advanced US pandemic). The literature contained a dearth of evidence on the efficacy or effectiveness of most non-pharmaceutical interventions for influenza. In an effort to inform decision-making in the absence of strong scientific evidence, the experts ultimately endorsed hand hygiene and respiratory etiquette, surveillance and case reporting, and rapid viral diagnosis in all settings and during all pandemic phases. They also encouraged patient and provider use of masks and other personal protective equipment as well as voluntary self-isolation of patients during all pandemic phases. Other non-pharmaceutical interventions including mask-use and other personal protective equipment for the general public, school and workplace closures early in an epidemic, and mandatory travel restrictions were rejected as likely to be ineffective, infeasible, or unacceptable to the public. The demand for scientific evidence on non-pharmaceutical public health interventions for influenza is pervasive, and present policy recommendations must rely heavily on expert judgment. In the absence of a definitive science base, our assessment of the evidence identified areas for further investigation as well as non-pharmaceutical public health interventions that experts believe are likely to be beneficial, feasible and widely acceptable in an influenza pandemic.

The Apollo 17 'melt sheet' - Chemistry, age and Rb/Sr systematics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Winzer, S. R.; Nava, D. F.; Schuhmann, S.; Philpotts, J. A.; Schuhmann, P. J.; Lum, R. K. L.; Lindstrom, M. M.; Lindstrom, D. J.

1977-01-01

Major, minor, and trace-element compositions, age data, and Rb/Sr systematics of Apollo 17 boulders have been compiled, and additional analyses performed on a norite breccia clast (77215) included in the Apollo 17, Station 7 boulder. The Apollo 17 boulders are found to be identical or nearly so in major, minor, and trace-element composition, suggesting that they all originated as an impact melt analogous to melt sheets found in larger terrestrial craters. The matrix dates (Ar-40/Ar-39) and Rb/Sr systematics available suggest that this impact melt formed by a single impact about 4 billion years ago. This impact excavated, shocked, brecciated, and melted norites, norite cumulates, and possibly anorthositic gabbros and dunites about 4.4 billion years old. The impact was likely a major one, possibly the Serenitatis basin-forming event.

Key drivers for market penetration of biosimilars in Europe.

PubMed

Rémuzat, Cécile; Dorey, Julie; Cristeau, Olivier; Ionescu, Dan; Radière, Guerric; Toumi, Mondher

2017-01-01

Background & Objectives : Potential drivers and barriers of biosimilar uptake were mainly analysed through qualitative approaches. The study objective was to conduct a quantitative analysis and identify drivers of biosimilar uptake of all available biosimilars in the European Union (EU). Methods : A three-step process was established to identify key drivers for the uptake of biosimilars in the top 10 EU member states (MS) pharmaceutical markets (Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and the UK): (1) literature review to identify incentive policies in place to enhance biosimilars adoption; (2) assessment of biosimilar market dynamics based on database analysis; (3) regression model analysis on price using the following explicative variables: incentive policies; price difference between the biosimilar and the originator product; distribution channel; generic uptake and generic price cut; pharmaceutical expenditure per capita; and market competition. Results : At the study cut-off date, 20 biosimilars were available on the market. Incentive policies applied to biosimilars were found to be heterogeneous across countries, and uptakes of biosimilars were also very heterogeneous between different therapeutic classes and countries. Results from the model demonstrated that incentive policies and the date of first biosimilar market entry were correlated to biosimilar uptake. Pharmaceutical expenditure per capita and the highest generic uptake were inversely correlated with biosimilar uptake. Average generic price discount over originator and the number of biosimilars showed a trend toward statistical significance for correlation with biosimilar uptake, but did not reach the significance threshold. Biosimilar price discount over original biologic price, the number of analogues, and the distribution channel were not correlated with the biosimilar uptake. Conclusions : Understanding drivers of biosimilar uptake becomes a critical issue to inform policy decision-makers. This study showed that incentive policies to enhance uptake remain an important driver of biosimilar penetration, while biosimilar price discounts have no impact. Future research is warranted when the biosimilar market gains maturity.

Key drivers for market penetration of biosimilars in Europe

PubMed Central

Rémuzat, Cécile; Dorey, Julie; Cristeau, Olivier; Ionescu, Dan; Radière, Guerric; Toumi, Mondher

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT Background & Objectives: Potential drivers and barriers of biosimilar uptake were mainly analysed through qualitative approaches. The study objective was to conduct a quantitative analysis and identify drivers of biosimilar uptake of all available biosimilars in the European Union (EU). Methods: A three-step process was established to identify key drivers for the uptake of biosimilars in the top 10 EU member states (MS) pharmaceutical markets (Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and the UK): (1) literature review to identify incentive policies in place to enhance biosimilars adoption; (2) assessment of biosimilar market dynamics based on database analysis; (3) regression model analysis on price using the following explicative variables: incentive policies; price difference between the biosimilar and the originator product; distribution channel; generic uptake and generic price cut; pharmaceutical expenditure per capita; and market competition. Results: At the study cut-off date, 20 biosimilars were available on the market. Incentive policies applied to biosimilars were found to be heterogeneous across countries, and uptakes of biosimilars were also very heterogeneous between different therapeutic classes and countries. Results from the model demonstrated that incentive policies and the date of first biosimilar market entry were correlated to biosimilar uptake. Pharmaceutical expenditure per capita and the highest generic uptake were inversely correlated with biosimilar uptake. Average generic price discount over originator and the number of biosimilars showed a trend toward statistical significance for correlation with biosimilar uptake, but did not reach the significance threshold. Biosimilar price discount over original biologic price, the number of analogues, and the distribution channel were not correlated with the biosimilar uptake. Conclusions: Understanding drivers of biosimilar uptake becomes a critical issue to inform policy decision-makers. This study showed that incentive policies to enhance uptake remain an important driver of biosimilar penetration, while biosimilar price discounts have no impact. Future research is warranted when the biosimilar market gains maturity. PMID:28265349

Pharmaceutical counseling: Between evidence-based medicine and profits.

PubMed

Egorova, S N; Akhmetova, T

2015-01-01

The number of pharmacies, which produce drug formulations locally, has recently considerably reduced in Russia. Pharmacies mainly operate as retailers of industrially manufactured drugs.Pharmaceutical consultation of customers at pharmacies aimed at responsible self-medication is the most popular and accessible feature of pharmaceutical care. In Russia there is a significant list of medicines approved for sale in pharmacies on a non-prescription basis that is specified in the product label. In this regard, the role of pharmacists in public health in Russia increases. Pharmacist, working directly with population, is an important figure for the rational use of medicines. This type of work requires high level of professional training and appropriate ethics. To explore the current status of pharmaceutical counseling in Russia. Situation analysis, surveys of pharmacists. Our experience in the system of postgraduate professional education, the results of the survey of pharmacists, and the long-term dialogue with pharmacists allowed us to identify several unresolved issues in the work of a pharmacist selling non-prescription drugs.Lack of differentiation in the functions of a pharmacist with a higher education and pharmaceutical technologist: In production/industrial pharmacy technicians are engaged in manufacturing of pharmaceutical formulations. However, due to the loss of production functions technologists had to move away from production laboratories of apothecaries to the sales area. Currently, the apothecary's assignment to receive prescriptions and dispense medications can be fulfilled by either a pharmacist or a pharmaceutical technician. It significantly discerns the pharmacy from the medical organization with clearly delineated functions of doctors and nurses. Russian regulations should consider the level of education required for high-quality pharmaceutical counseling.Contradiction between the pharmacist's special functions and trade procedure with the lack of pharmaceutical counseling standards: Article 1.1 "Code of Ethics of the pharmaceutical worker of Russia" states: "The main task of the professional activity of the pharmaceutical worker - protection of human health", Article 1.3 states that a pharmaceutical worker must take professional decisions solely in the interests of a patient [1]. However, the pharmacy is a trade organization, thus as a retailer the pharmacy is directly interested in making profits and increasing sales of pharmaceutical products, including non-prescription medicines. Moreover, while the clinical medicine is monitored for unjustified prescribing and measures are being taken to prevent polypharmacy, for a pharmacist the growing sales of over-the-counter drugs, active promotion of dietary supplements, homeopathic medicines, medical devices, and, consequently, an increase of financial indicators (particularly "average purchase size") - all are characteristics of success [2].Rational use of over-the-counter medicines requires introduction of pharmaceutical counseling standards (pharmaceutical care) according to symptoms - major reasons to visit a pharmacy as part of responsible self-medication (cold, sore throat, headache, diarrhea, etc.). Standards of pharmaceutical counseling should be objective, reliable and up-to-date and contain recommendations for the rational use of over-the-counter drugs as well as indications requiring treatment to the doctor. Standardization of pharmaceutical counseling in terms of Evidence-based Pharmacy would enhance the efficiency, safety and cost-effectiveness of over-the-counter medicines.Currently, the lack of clinical component in the higher pharmaceutical education and the lack of approved standards of pharmaceutical counseling lead to the introduction of cross-selling technologies (which are broadly applied in other areas of trade, for example, the offer of a boot-polish during the sale of shoes) to the pharmaceutical practice [2, 3]. However, drugs belong to a special group of products, proper selection of which requires special education, and the consumer is not always able to evaluate the quality of the recommendations. Marketing cross-selling recommendations are aimed at promotion of the over-the-counter medicines for customers buying prescription drugs. For example, business coaches recommend the pharmacists to make additional offers: with the purchase of physician-prescribed antibiotics - offer of vitamins, with prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs - commercially available ointment with non-steroidal topical formulation ("to enhance the effect") and others. These recommendations do not agree with evidence-based medicine and lead to inefficient use of over-the-counter drugs and unjustified financial expenses. Thus, to ensure the rational use of medicines permitted for free (non-prescription) dispensing at the pharmacies, pharmaceutical information needs standardization on the basis of evidence-based medicine as well as standardization of the pharmaceutical counseling service. The development of practical recommendations on the rational use of over-the counter medicines by doctors and pharmacists with further adoption at the state level, the recommendation of most secure, efficient and cost-effective over-the-counter medications during pharmaceutical counseling in pharmacies will contribute to the restoration and preservation of public health.

Eugenol prevents amyloid formation of proteins and inhibits amyloid-induced hemolysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dubey, Kriti; Anand, Bibin G.; Shekhawat, Dolat Singh; Kar, Karunakar

2017-02-01

Eugenol has attracted considerable attention because of its potential for many pharmaceutical applications including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumorigenic and anti-oxidant properties. Here, we have investigated the effect of eugenol on amyloid formation of selected globular proteins. We find that both spontaneous and seed-induced aggregation processes of insulin and serum albumin (BSA) are significantly suppressed in the presence of eugenol. Isothermal titration calorimetric data predict a single binding site for eugenol-insulin complex confirming the affinity of eugenol for native soluble insulin species. We also find that eugenol suppresses amyloid-induced hemolysis. Our findings reveal the inherent ability of eugenol to stabilize native proteins and to delay the conversion of protein species of native conformation into β-sheet assembled mature fibrils, which seems to be crucial for its inhibitory effect.

5. "TEST STAND 13, CONCRETE STRUCTURAL SECTIONS AND DETAILS." Specifications ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. "TEST STAND 1-3, CONCRETE STRUCTURAL SECTIONS AND DETAILS." Specifications No. OC12-50-10; Drawing No. 60-09-06; no sheet number within title block. D.O. SERIES 1109/17, Rev. A. Stamped: AS BUILT; NO CHANGES. Date of Revision A: 11/1/50. - Edwards Air Force Base, Air Force Rocket Propulsion Laboratory, Test Stand 1-3, Test Area 1-115, northwest end of Saturn Boulevard, Boron, Kern County, CA

Clinical Investigation Program Report Control Symbol MED 300.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-10-01

13 Agent Induced Delay of Gastric Emptying. (0) (PR) (P) 1979 The Experimental Fat Embolism Syndrome: An Electron 15 Microscopic Study of Lung in...1981 Investigation of Chronic Phantom Pain. (0) (PR) (P) 25 v Year Page Initiated 1981 Experimental Fat Embolism Syndrome: Basic Studies and 26...14 Detail Summary Sheet Date 3 Oct 83 Prot No.: 79-21 Status: Ongoing Title: The Experimental Fat Embolism Syndrome: An Electron Microscopic Study of

Characterization of Strain-Induced Anisotropy in Titanium at Large Strains under Monotonic and Bauschinger Loading

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-07-15

1966), Texture Strenthening, Metals Engineering Quaterly –American Society Vol 6 , No 4 . W. Terry (2008), TEM investigation of Titanium based sheet...Report 3. DATES COVERED (From – To) 1 November 2007 - 01-Nov-08 4 . TITLE AND SUBTITLE Characterization of strain-induced anisotropy in Titanium at...CNRS - CONFIDENTIAL - Privileged Information - EOARD & CNRS’s proprietary information" 6 Introduction Titanium based materials deform by twinning

27. "TEST STAND; STRUCTURAL; SIDEWALL, NORTH WALL AND SOUTH WALL ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

27. "TEST STAND; STRUCTURAL; SIDEWALL, NORTH WALL AND SOUTH WALL FRAMING ELEVATIONS." Specifications No. ENG-04353-55-72; Drawing No. 60-09-12; sheet 27 of 148; file no. 1320/78. Stamped: RECORD DRAWING - AS CONSTRUCTED. Below stamp: Contract no. 4338, Rev. B; date: 15 April 1957. - Edwards Air Force Base, Air Force Rocket Propulsion Laboratory, Test Stand 1-A, Test Area 1-120, north end of Jupiter Boulevard, Boron, Kern County, CA

30. "CONSTRUCTION PHASING, STATION '50' AREA." Specifications No. ENG043535775, Drawing ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

30. "CONSTRUCTION PHASING, STATION '50' AREA." Specifications No. ENG-04-353-57-75, Drawing No. AF-4502-19, sheet 4 of 5, D.O. Series No. AF 1439/26. Stamped: RECORD DRAWING - AS CONSTRUCTED. Below stamp: Contract no. 5296, Date: 10 NOV. 59. - Edwards Air Force Base, South Base Sled Track, Edwards Air Force Base, North of Avenue B, between 100th & 140th Streets East, Lancaster, Los Angeles County, CA

The Balthazar Scales of Adaptive Behavior. Measures of Program Development for the Severely and Profoundly Mentally Retarded. Section 1. Skills of Functional Independence. Part Three: Program Scoring Form.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Balthazar, Earl E.

The scoring form for functional independence skills for the mentally retarded includes a section for recording subjects' demographic characteristics as well as tests used, date administered, and raw score. Other sections provide for a brief description of the program being used, an item scoring sheet for the Eating Scales (dependent feeding,…

An Imminent Revolution in Modeling Interactions of Ice Sheets With Climate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hughes, T.

2008-12-01

Modeling continental ice sheets was inaugurated by meteorologists William Budd and Uwe Radok, with mathematician Richard Jenssen, in 1971. Their model calculated the thermal and mechanical regime using measured surface accumulation rates, temperatures, and elevations, and bed topography. This top-down approach delivered a basal thermal regime of temperatures or melting rates for an assumed basal geothermal heat flux. When Philippe Huybrechts and others incorporated time, largely unknownpast surface conditions had a major effect on present basal thermal conditions. This approach produced ice-sheet models with only a slow response to external forcing, whereas the glacial geological record and climate records from ice and ocean cores show that ice sheets can have rapid changes in size and shape independent of external forcing. These top-down models were wholly inadequate for reconstructing former ice sheets at the LGM for CLIMAP in 1981. Ice-sheet areas,elevations, and volumes provided the albedo, surface topography, and sea-surface area as input to climate models. A bottom-up model based on dated glacial geology was developed to provide the areal extent and basal thermal regime of ice sheets at the LGM. Basal thermal conditions determined ice-bed coupling and therefore the elevation of ice sheets. High convex ice surfaces for slow sheet flow lower about 20 percent when a frozen bed becomes thawed. As further basal melting drowns bedrock bumps that "pin" basal ice, the ice surface becomes concave in fast stream flow that ends as low floating ice shelves at marine ice margins. A revolution in modeling interactions between glaciation, climate, and sea level is driven by new Greenland and Antarctic data from Earth-orbiting satellites, airborne and surface traverses, and deep drilling. We anticipate continuous data acquisition of surface albedo, accumulation/ablation rates, elevations, velocities, and temperatures over a whole ice sheet, mapping basal thermal conditions by radar, seismic, and magnetic profiling, and direct measurement of basal conditions by deep drilling and coring into the ice and the bed. These data allow calculating the geothermal heat flux and mapping flow of basal meltwater from geothermal sources to sinks at the termini of ice streams, which discharge up to 90 percent of the ice. James Fastook has a preliminary solution of the full momentum equation needed to model ice streams. Douglas MacAyeal has pioneered modeling catastrophic ice-shelf disintegration that releases "armadas" of icebergs into the world ocean, to extract heat from ocean surface water and thereby reduce the critical ocean-to-atmosphere heat exchange that drives global climate. Ice sheets are the only component of Earth's climate machine that can destroy itself-- swiftly--and thereby radically and rapidly alter global climate and sea level.

Direct-to-consumer advertising affects provider / patient relationship.

PubMed

1998-12-01

Family planning program clients are increasingly seeking oral contraceptive pills by brand name. Direct-to-consumer ads have spurred this recent increase in brand-specific requests for prescription drugs. While print consumer pitches for prescription drugs have been around for a long time, proposed guidance issued by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in August 1997 allows pharmaceutical companies to more easily broadcast product claim commercials on television and radio. Now, half of all direct-to-consumer advertising dollars spent by pharmaceutical companies during January-February 1998 were directed to television ads, almost twice the share spent upon television last year. Last year, pharmaceutical companies spent more than $1 billion on direct-to-consumer advertising. The effects of this new policy are presenting in providers' offices. Before the FDA guidance, 41% of physicians participating in a national survey observed an increase in patients' requests for brand name drugs. However, since the change, 65% surveyed to date have observed an increase in such requests. With the increase in advertising comes a potential for violations of the US Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, which regulates provider and consumer prescription drug advertising. 125 companies were cited for violations in 1998, 6 specifically for violations connected with contraceptive information they disseminated.

Rapid Access Ice Drill: A New Tool for Exploration of the Deep Antarctic Ice Sheets and Subglacial Geology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goodge, J. W.; Severinghaus, J. P.

2014-12-01

The Rapid Access Ice Drill (RAID) will penetrate the Antarctic ice sheets in order to core through deep ice, the glacial bed, and into bedrock below. This new technology will provide a critical first look at the interface between major ice caps and their subglacial geology. Currently in construction, RAID is a mobile drilling system capable of making several long boreholes in a single field season in Antarctica. RAID is interdisciplinary and will allow access to polar paleoclimate records in ice >1 Ma, direct observation at the base of the ice sheets, and recovery of rock cores from the ice-covered East Antarctic craton. RAID uses a diamond rock-coring system as in mineral exploration. Threaded drill-pipe with hardened metal bits will cut through ice using reverse circulation of Estisol for pressure-compensation, maintenance of temperature, and removal of ice cuttings. Near the bottom of the ice sheet, a wireline bottom-hole assembly will enable diamond coring of ice, the glacial bed, and bedrock below. Once complete, boreholes will be kept open with fluid, capped, and made available for future down-hole measurement of thermal gradient, heat flow, ice chronology, and ice deformation. RAID will also sample for extremophile microorganisms. RAID is designed to penetrate up to 3,300 meters of ice and take sample cores in less than 200 hours. This rapid performance will allow completion of a borehole in about 10 days before moving to the next drilling site. RAID is unique because it can provide fast borehole access through thick ice; take short ice cores for paleoclimate study; sample the glacial bed to determine ice-flow conditions; take cores of subglacial bedrock for age dating and crustal history; and create boreholes for use as an observatory in the ice sheets. Together, the rapid drilling capability and mobility of the drilling system, along with ice-penetrating imaging methods, will provide a unique 3D picture of the interior Antarctic ice sheets.

Assessing the Global Climate Response to Freshwater Forcing from the Antarctic Ice Sheet Under Future Climate Scenarios

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rogstad, S.; Condron, A.; DeConto, R.; Pollard, D.

2017-12-01

Observational evidence indicates that the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is losing mass at an accelerating rate. Impacts to global climate resulting from changing ocean circulation patterns due to increased freshwater runoff from Antarctica in the future could have significant implications for global heat transport, but to-date this topic has not been investigated using complex numerical models with realistic freshwater forcing. Here, we present results from a high resolution fully coupled ocean-atmosphere model (CESM 1.2) forced with runoff from Antarctica prescribed from a high resolution regional ice sheet-ice shelf model. Results from the regional simulations indicate a potential freshwater contribution from Antarctica of up to 1 m equivalent sea level rise by the end of the century under RCP 8.5 indicating that a substantial input of freshwater into the Southern Ocean is possible. Our high resolution global simulations were performed under IPCC future climate scenarios RCP 4.5 and 8.5. We will present results showing the impact of WAIS collapse on global ocean circulation, sea ice, air temperature, and salinity in order to assess the potential for abrupt climate change triggered by WAIS collapse.

Irish Ice Sheet dynamics during deglaciation of the central Irish Midlands: Evidence of ice streaming and surging from airborne LiDAR

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Delaney, Catherine A.; McCarron, Stephen; Davis, Stephen

2018-04-01

High resolution digital terrain models (DTMs) generated from airborne LiDAR data and supplemented by field evidence are used to map glacial landform assemblages dating from the last glaciation (Midlandian glaciation; OI stages 2-3) in the central Irish Midlands. The DTMs reveal previously unrecognised low-amplitude landforms, including crevasse-squeeze ridges and mega-scale glacial lineations overprinted by conduit fills leading to ice-marginal subaqueous deposits. We interpret this landform assemblage as evidence for surging behaviour during ice recession. The data indicate that two separate phases of accelerated ice flow were followed by ice sheet stagnation during overall deglaciation. The second surge event was followed by a subglacial outburst flood, forming an intricate esker and crevasse-fill network. The data provide the first clear evidence that ice flow direction was eastward along the eastern watershed of the Shannon River basin, at odds with previous models, and raise the possibility that an ice stream existed in this area. Our work demonstrates the potential for airborne LiDAR surveys to produce detailed paleoglaciological reconstructions and to enhance our understanding of complex palaeo-ice sheet dynamics.

Light Sheet Tomography (LST) for in situ imaging of plant roots.

PubMed

Yang, Zhengyi; Downie, Helen; Rozbicki, Emil; Dupuy, Lionel X; MacDonald, Michael P

2013-07-15

The production of crops capable of efficient nutrient use is essential for addressing the problem of global food security. The ability of a plant's root system to interact with the soil micro-environment determines how effectively it can extract water and nutrients. In order to assess this ability and develop the fast and cost effective phenotyping techniques which are needed to establish efficient root systems, in situ imaging in soil is required. To date this has not been possible due to the high density of scatterers and absorbers in soil or because other growth substrates do not sufficiently model the heterogeneity of a soil's microenvironment. We present here a new form of light sheet imaging with novel transparent soil containing refractive index matched particles. This imaging method does not rely on fluorescence, but relies solely on scattering from root material. We term this form of imaging Light Sheet Tomography (LST). We have tested LST on a range of materials and plant roots in transparent soil and gel. Due to the low density of root structures, i.e. relatively large spaces between adjacent roots, long-term monitoring of lettuce root development in situ with subsequent quantitative analysis was achieved.

The effect of the solar field reversal on the modulation of galactic cosmic rays

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thomas, B. T.; Goldstein, B. E.

1983-01-01

There is now a growing awareness that solar cycle related changes in the large-scale structure of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) may play an important role in the modulation of galactic cosmic rays. To date, attention focussed on two aspects of the magnetic field structure: large scale compression regions produced by fast solar wind streams and solar flares, both of which are known to vary in intensity and number over the solar cycle, and the variable warp of the heliospheric current sheet. It is suggested that another feature of the solar cycle is worthy of consideration: the field reversal itself. If the Sun reverses its polarity by simply overturning the heliospheric current sheet (northern fields migrating southward and vice-versa) then there may well be an effect on cosmic ray intensity. However, such a simple picture of solar reversal seems improbable. Observations of the solar corona suggest the existence of not one but several current sheets in the heliosphere at solar maximum. The results of a simple calculation to demonstrate that the variation in cosmic ray intensities that will result can be as large as is actually observed over the solar cycle are given.

The deglacial history of NW Alexander Island, Antarctica, from surface exposure dating

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Johnson, Joanne S.; Everest, Jeremy D.; Leat, Philip T.; Golledge, Nicholas R.; Rood, Dylan H.; Stuart, Finlay M.

2012-03-01

Recent changes along the margins of the Antarctic Peninsula, such as the collapse of the Wilkins Ice Shelf, have highlighted the effects of climatic warming on the Antarctic Peninsula Ice Sheet (APIS). However, such changes must be viewed in a long-term (millennial-scale) context if we are to understand their significance for future stability of the Antarctic ice sheets. To address this, we present nine new cosmogenic 10Be exposure ages from sites on NW Alexander Island and Rothschild Island (adjacent to the Wilkins Ice Shelf) that provide constraints on the timing of thinning of the Alexander Island ice cap since the last glacial maximum. All but one of the 10Be ages are in the range 10.2-21.7 ka, showing a general trend of progressive ice-sheet thinning since at least 22 ka until 10 ka. The data also provide a minimum estimate (490 m) for ice-cap thickness on NW Alexander Island at the last glacial maximum. Cosmogenic 3He ages from a rare occurrence of mantle xenoliths on Rothschild Island yield variable ages up to 46 ka, probably reflecting exhumation by periglacial processes.

10Be dating of late Pleistocene megafloods and Cordilleran Ice Sheet retreat in the northwestern United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Balbas, Andrea M.; Barth, Aaron M.; Clark, Peter U.; Clark, Jorie; Caffee, Marc A.; O'Connor, Jim E.; Baker, Victor R.; Konrad, Kevin; Bjornstad, Bruce

2017-01-01

During the late Pleistocene, multiple floods from drainage of glacial Lake Missoula further eroded a vast anastomosing network of bedrock channels, coulees, and cataracts, forming the Channeled Scabland of eastern Washington State (United States). However, the timing and exact pathways of these Missoula floods remain poorly constrained, thereby limiting our understanding of the evolution of this spectacular landscape. Here we report cosmogenic 10Be ages that directly date flood and glacial features important to understanding the flood history, the evolution of the Channeled Scabland, and relationships to the Cordilleran Ice Sheet (CIS). One of the largest floods occurred at 18.2 ± 1.5 ka, flowing down the northwestern Columbia River valley prior to blockage of this route by advance of the Okanogan lobe of the CIS, which dammed glacial Lake Columbia and diverted later Missoula floods to more eastern routes through the Channeled Scabland. The Okanogan and Purcell Trench lobes of the CIS began to retreat from their maximum extent at ca. 15.5 ka, likely in response to onset of surface warming of the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Upper Grand Coulee fully opened as a flood route after 15.6 ± 1.3 ka, becoming the primary path for later Missoula floods until the last ones from glacial Lake Missoula at 14.7 ± 1.2 ka. The youngest dated flood(s) (14.0 ± 1.4 ka to 14.4 ± 1.3 ka) came down the northwestern Columbia River valley and were likely from glacial Lake Columbia, indicating that the lake persisted for a few centuries after the last Missoula flood.

Implications of 36Cl exposure ages from Skye, northwest Scotland for the timing of ice stream deglaciation and deglacial ice dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Small, David; Rinterknecht, Vincent; Austin, William E. N.; Bates, Richard; Benn, Douglas I.; Scourse, James D.; Bourlès, Didier L.; Hibbert, Fiona D.

2016-10-01

Geochronological constraints on the deglaciation of former marine based ice streams provide information on the rates and modes by which marine based ice sheets have responded to external forcing factors such as climate change. This paper presents new 36Cl cosmic ray exposure dating from boulders located on two moraines (Glen Brittle and Loch Scavaig) in southern Skye, northwest Scotland. Ages from the Glen Brittle moraines constrain deglaciation of a major marine terminating ice stream, the Barra-Donegal Ice Stream that drained the former British-Irish Ice Sheet, depending on choice of production method and scaling model this occurred 19.9 ± 1.5-17.6 ± 1.3 ka ago. We compare this timing of deglaciation to existing geochronological data and changes in a variety of potential forcing factors constrained through proxy records and numerical models to determine what deglaciation age is most consistent with existing evidence. Another small section of moraine, the Scavaig moraine, is traced offshore through multibeam swath-bathymetry and interpreted as delimiting a later stillstand/readvance stage following ice stream deglaciation. Additional cosmic ray exposure dating from the onshore portion of this moraine indicate that it was deposited 16.3 ± 1.3-15.2 ± 0.9 ka ago. When calculated using the most up-to-date scaling scheme this time of deposition is, within uncertainty, the same as the timing of a widely identified readvance, the Wester Ross Readvance, observed elsewhere in northwest Scotland. This extends the area over which this readvance has potentially occurred, reinforcing the view that it was climatically forced.

Evaluation of physical and chemical changes in pharmaceuticals flown on space missions.

PubMed

Du, Brian; Daniels, Vernie R; Vaksman, Zalman; Boyd, Jason L; Crady, Camille; Putcha, Lakshmi

2011-06-01

Efficacy and safety of medications used for the treatment of astronauts in space may be compromised by altered stability in space. We compared physical and chemical changes with time in 35 formulations contained in identical pharmaceutical kits stowed on the International Space Station (ISS) and on Earth. Active pharmaceutical content (API) was determined by ultra- and high-performance liquid chromatography after returning to Earth. After stowage for 28 months in space, six medications aboard the ISS and two of matching ground controls exhibited changes in physical variables; nine medications from the ISS and 17 from the ground met the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) acceptance criteria for API content after 28 months of storage. A higher percentage of medications from each flight kit had lower API content than the respective ground controls. The number of medications failing API requirement increased as a function of time in space, independent of expiration date. The rate of degradation was faster in space than on the ground for many of the medications, and most solid dosage forms met USP standard for dissolution after storage in space. Cumulative radiation dose was higher and increased with time in space, whereas temperature and humidity remained similar to those on the ground. Exposure to the chronic low dose of ionizing radiation aboard the spacecraft as well as repackaging of solid dosage forms in flight-specific dispensers may adversely affect stability of pharmaceuticals. Characterization of degradation profiles of unstable formulations and identification of chemical attributes of stability in space analog environments on Earth will facilitate development of space-hardy medications.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bottom, Daniel L.; Simenstad, Charles A.; Campbell, Lance

In 2002 with support from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), an interagency research team began investigating salmon life histories and habitat use in the lower Columbia River estuary to fill significant data gaps about the estuary's potential role in salmon decline and recovery . The Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) provided additional funding in 2004 to reconstruct historical changes in estuarine habitat opportunities and food web linkages of Columbia River salmon (Onchorhynchus spp.). Together these studies constitute the estuary's first comprehensive investigation of shallow-water habitats, including selected emergent, forested, and scrub-shrub wetlands. Among other findings, this research documented themore » importance of wetlands as nursery areas for juvenile salmon; quantified historical changes in the amounts and distributions of diverse habitat types in the lower estuary; documented estuarine residence times, ranging from weeks to months for many juvenile Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha); and provided new evidence that contemporary salmonid food webs are supported disproportionately by wetland-derived prey resources. The results of these lower-estuary investigations also raised many new questions about habitat functions, historical habitat distributions, and salmon life histories in other areas of the Columbia River estuary that have not been adequately investigated. For example, quantitative estimates of historical habitat changes are available only for the lower 75 km of the estuary, although tidal influence extends 217 km upriver to Bonneville Dam. Because the otolith techniques used to reconstruct salmon life histories rely on detection of a chemical signature (strontium) for salt water, the estuarine residency information we have collected to date applies only to the lower 30 or 35 km of the estuary, where fish first encounter ocean water. We lack information about salmon habitat use, life histories, and growth within the long tidal-fresh reaches of the main-stem river and many tidally-influenced estuary tributaries. Finally, our surveys to date characterize wetland habitats within island complexes distributed in the main channel of the lower estuary. Yet some of the most significant wetland losses have occurred along the estuary's periphery, including shoreline areas and tributary junctions. These habitats may or may not function similarly as the island complexes that we have surveyed to date. In 2007 we initiated a second phase of the BPA estuary study (Phase II) to address specific uncertainties about salmon in tidal-fresh and tributary habitats of the Columbia River estuary. This report summarizes 2007 and 2008 Phase II results and addresses three principal research questions: (1) What was the historic distribution of estuarine and floodplain habitats from Astoria to Bonneville Dam? (2) Do individual patterns of estuarine residency and growth of juvenile Chinook salmon vary among wetland habitat types along the estuarine tidal gradient? (3) Are salmon rearing opportunities and life histories in the restoring wetland landscape of lower Grays River similar to those documented for island complexes of the main-stem estuary? Phase II extended our analysis of historical habitat distribution in the estuary above Rkm 75 to near Bonneville Dam. For this analysis we digitized the original nineteenth-century topographic (T-sheets) and hydrographic (H-sheets) survey maps for the entire estuary. Although all T-sheets (Rkm 0 to Rkm 206) were converted to GIS in 2005 with support for the USACE estuary project, final reconstruction of historical habitats throughout the estuary requires completion of the remaining H-sheet GIS maps above Rkm 75 and their integration with the T-sheets. This report summarizes progress to date on compiling the upper estuary H-sheets above Rkm 75. For the USACE estuary project, we analyzed otoliths from Chinook salmon collected near the estuary mouth in 2003-05 to estimate variability in estuary residence times among juvenile out migrants. In Phase II we expanded these analyses to compare growth and residency among individuals collected in tidal-fresh water wetlands of the lower main-stem estuary. Although no known otolith structural or chemical indicators currently exist to define entry into tidal fresh environments, our previous analyses indicate that otolith barium concentrations frequently increase before individuals encounter salt water. Here we evaluate whether otolith barium levels may provide a valid indicator of tidal fresh water entry by Columbia River Chinook salmon. We also examine otolith growth increments to quantify and compare recent (i.e., the previous 30 d) growth rates among individuals sampled in different wetland habitats along the estuarine tidal gradient.« less

Bedrock geologic map of Vermont

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ratcliffe, Nicholas M.; Stanley, Rolfe S.; Gale, Marjorie H.; Thompson, Peter J.; Walsh, Gregory J.; With contributions by Hatch, Norman L.; Rankin, Douglas W.; Doolan, Barry L.; Kim, Jonathan; Mehrtens, Charlotte J.; Aleinikoff, John N.; McHone, J. Gregory; Cartography by Masonic, Linda M.

2011-01-01

The Bedrock Geologic Map of Vermont is the result of a cooperative agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the State of Vermont. The State's complex geology spans 1.4 billion years of Earth's history. The new map comes 50 years after the most recent map of the State by Charles G. Doll and others in 1961 and a full 150 years since the publication of the first geologic map of Vermont by Edward Hitchcock and others in 1861. At a scale of 1:100,000, the map shows an uncommon level of detail for State geologic maps. Mapped rock units are primarily based on lithology, or rock type, to facilitate derivative studies in multiple disciplines. The 1961 map was compiled from 1:62,500-scale or smaller maps. The current map was created to integrate more detailed (1:12,000- to 1:24,000-scale) modern and older (1:62,500-scale) mapping with the theory of plate tectonics to provide a framework for geologic, tectonic, economic, hydrogeologic, and environmental characterization of the bedrock of Vermont. The printed map consists of three oversize sheets (52 x 76 inches). Sheets 1 and 2 show the southern and northern halves of Vermont, respectively, and can be trimmed and joined so that the entire State can be displayed as a single entity. These sheets also include 10 cross sections and a geologic structure map. Sheet 3 on the front consists of descriptions of 486 map units, a correlation of map units, and references cited. Sheet 3 on the back features a list of the 195 sources of geologic map data keyed to an index map of 7.5-minute quadrangles in Vermont, as well as a table identifying ages of rocks dated by uranium-lead zircon geochronology.

Natural and human controls of the Holocene evolution of the beach, aeolian sand and dunes of Caesarea (Israel)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roskin, J.; Sivan, D.; Shtienberg, G.; Roskin, E.; Porat, N.; Bookman, R.

2015-12-01

The study focuses on the Holocene appearance, chronology and drivers of beach sand deposition and inland aeolian sand transport around the Roman-Byzantine ruins of Caesarea, Israel. Beach sand, sand sheets, nebkha, linear and transverse dunes as well as parabolic and transverse interdunes along two transects were sampled in the current study down to their substrate. Sixteen new optically stimulated luminescence ages cluster at ∼5.9-3.3 ka, ∼1.2-1.1 ka (800-900 AD) and ∼190-120 years ago (1825-1895 AD) indicating times of middle and late Holocene sand sheet depositions and historical dune stabilization. The first age cluster indicates that beach sand accumulated when rates of global sea level rise declined around 6-5 ka. Until ∼4 ka sand sheets encroached up to 2.5 km inland. Historical and archaeological evidence points to sand mobilization since the first century AD. Sand sheets dating to 1.2-1.1 ka, coevally found throughout the dunefield represent sand stabilization due to vegetation reestablishment attributed to gradual and fluctuating decline in human activity from the middle Early Islamic period until the 10th century. Historical and chronological evidence of the existence of transverse and coppice dunes from the 19th century suggest that dunes only formed in the last few centuries. The study illustrates the initial role of natural processes, in this case decline in global sea level rise and the primary and later role of fluctuating human activity upon coastal sand mobility. The study distinguishes between sand sheets and dunes and portrays them as sensors of environmental changes.

Middle to late Holocene fluctuations of the Vindue glacier, an outlet glacier of the Greenland Ice Sheet, central East Greenland.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Levy, L.; Hammer, S. K.; Kelly, M. A.; Lowell, T. V.; Hall, B. L.; Howley, J. A.; Wilcox, P.; Medford, A.

2014-12-01

The margins of the Greenland Ice Sheet are currently responding to present-day climate changes. Determining how the ice sheet margins have responded to past climate changes provides a means to understand how they may respond in the future. Here we present a multi-proxy record used to reconstruct the Holocene fluctuations of the Vindue glacier, an ice sheet outlet glacier in eastern Greenland. Lake sediment cores from Qiviut lake (informal name), located ~0.75 km from the present-day Vindue glacier margin contain a sharp transition from medium sand/coarse silt to laminated gyttja just prior to 6,340±130 cal yr BP. We interpret this transition to indicate a time when the Vindue glacier retreated sufficiently to cease glacial sedimentation into the lake basin. Above this contact the core contains laminated gyttja with prominent, ~0.5 cm thick, silt layers. 10Be ages of boulders on bedrock located between Qiviut lake and the present-day ice margin date to 6.81 ± 0.67 ka (n = 3), indicating the time of deglaciation. These ages also agree well with the radiocarbon age of the silt-gyttja transition in Qiviut lake cores. 10Be ages on boulders on bedrock located more proximal to the ice margin (~0.5 km) yield ages of 2.67 ± 0.18 ka (n = 2). These ages indicate either the continued recession of the ice margin during the late Holocene or an advance at this time. Boulders on the historical moraines show that ice retreated from the moraine by AD 1620 ± 20 yrs (n = 2). These results are in contrast with some areas of the western margin of the ice sheet where 10Be ages indicate that the ice sheet was behind its Historical limit from the middle Holocene (~6-7 ka) to Historical time. This may indicate that the eastern margin may have responded to late Holocene cooling more sensitively or that the advance associated with the Historical moraines overran any evidence of late Holocene fluctuations along the western margin of the ice sheet.

Stability of Allopurinol, Amitriptyline Hydrochloride, Carbamazepine, Domperidone, Isoniazid, Ketoconazole, Lisinopril, Naproxen, Paracetamol (Acetaminophen), and Sertraline Hydrochloride in SyrSpend SF PH4 Oral Suspensions.

PubMed

Polonini, Hudson C; Loures, Sharlene; de Araujo, Edson Peter; Brandão, Marcos Antônio F; Ferreira, Anderson O

2016-01-01

Oral liquids are safe alternatives to solid dosage forms, notably for elderly and pediatric patients that present dysphagia. The use of ready-to-use suspending vehicles such as SyrSpend SF PH4 is a suitable resource for pharmacists as they constitute a safe and timesaving option that has been studied often. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of 10 commonly used active pharmaceutical ingredients (allopurinol 20 mg/mL; amitriptyline hydrochloride 10 mg/mL; carbamazepine 25 mg/mL; domperidone 5 mg/mL; isoniazid 10 mg/mL; ketoconazole 20 mg/mL; lisinopril 1 mg/mL; naproxen 25 mg/mL; paracetamol [acetaminophen] 50 mg/mL; and sertraline hydrochloride 10 mg/mL) compounded in oral suspensions using SyrSpend SF PH4 as the vehicle throughout the study period and stored both at controlled refrigerated (2°C to 8°C) and room temperature (20°C to 25°C). Stability was assessed by means of measuring the percent recovery at varying time points throughout a 90-day period. The quantification of the active pharmaceutical ingredients was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography through a stability-indicating method. Methods were adequately validated. Forced-degradation studies showed that at least one parameter influenced the stability of the active pharmaceutical ingredients. All suspensions were assayed and showed active pharmaceutical ingredient contents between 90% and 110% during the 90-day study period. Although the forced-degradation experiments led to visible fluctuations in the chromatographic responses, the final preparations were stable in the storage conditions. The beyond-use dates of the preparations were found to be at least 90 days for all suspensions, both for controlled refrigerated temperature and room temperature. This confirms that SyrSpend SF PH4 is a stable suspending vehicle for compounding with a broad range of different active pharmaceutical ingredients for different medical usages. Copyright© by International Journal of Pharmaceutical Compounding, Inc.

Incubation of Chile's 1960 Earthquake

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Atwater, B. F.; Cisternas, M.; Salgado, I.; Machuca, G.; Lagos, M.; Eipert, A.; Shishikura, M.

2003-12-01

Infrequent occurrence of giant events may help explain how the 1960 Chile earthquake attained M 9.5. Although old documents imply that this earthquake followed great earthquakes of 1575, 1737 and 1837, only three earthquakes of the past 1000 years produced geologic records like those for 1960. These earlier earthquakes include the 1575 event but not 1737 or 1837. Because the 1960 earthquake had nearly twice the seismic slip expected from plate convergence since 1837, much of the strain released in 1960 may have been accumulating since 1575. Geologic evidence for such incubation comes from new paleoseismic findings at the R¡o Maullin estuary, which indents the Pacific coast at 41.5§ S midway along the 1960 rupture. The 1960 earthquake lowered the area by 1.5 m, and the ensuing tsunami spread sand across lowland soils. The subsidence killed forests and changed pastures into sandy tidal flats. Guided by these 1960 analogs, we inferred tsunami and earthquake history from sand sheets, tree rings, and old maps. At Chuyaquen, 10 km upriver from the sea, we studied sand sheets in 31 backhoe pits on a geologic transect 1 km long. Each sheet overlies the buried soil of a former marsh or meadow. The sand sheet from 1960 extends the entire length of the transect. Three earlier sheets can be correlated at least half that far. The oldest one, probably a tsunami deposit, surrounds herbaceous plants that date to AD 990-1160. Next comes a sandy tidal-flat deposit dated by stratigraphic position to about 1000-1500. The penultimate sheet is a tsunami deposit younger than twigs from 1410-1630. It probably represents the 1575 earthquake, whose accounts of shaking, tsunami, and landslides rival those of 1960. In that case, the record excludes the 1737 and 1837 events. The 1737 and 1837 events also appear missing in tree-ring evidence from islands of Misquihue, 30 km upriver from the sea. Here the subsidence in 1960 admitted brackish tidal water that defoliated tens of thousands of trees. We sampled 45 such trees, some of them completely dead and the rest surviving only from shoots near the ground. One-third of these trees lived through the 1837 earthquake; they contain over 180 annual rings. Five of the trees also contain rings earlier than 1737. From this evidence, we tentatively infer that the islands underwent more subsidence in 1960 than they did in 1737 or 1837. Comparisons with old Chilean documents for the estuary further suggest that subsidence in 1837 did not approach that of 1960. In their depiction and description of the Misquihue islands in 1874, surveyor Francisco Vidal and botanist Carlos Juliet show nothing like the ghost forests seen today. Twice in the first 37 years after the 1837 earthquake, surveyors mapped as emergent several islands that the 1960 earthquake would lower into tidal water. Today, 43 years after they subsided in 1960, these islands remain submerged as barren intertidal flats. Research supported by Fondecyt 1020224.

Reply to comment received from J. C. Knight regarding "Last Glacial Maximum cirque glaciation in Ireland and implications for reconstructions of the Irish Ice Sheet" by Barth et al. (2016), Quaternary Science Reviews 141, 85-93

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barth, Aaron M.; Clark, Peter U.; Clark, Jorie; McCabe, A. Marshall; Caffee, Marc

2016-10-01

We concluded that our new 10Be chronology records onset of retreat of a cirque glacier within the Alohart basin of southwestern Ireland 24.5 ± 1.4 ka, placing limiting constraints on reconstructions of the Irish Ice Sheet (IIS) and Kerry-Cork Ice Cap (KCIC) during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) (Barth et al., 2016). Knight (2016) raises two main arguments against our interpretation: (1) the glacier in the Alohart basin was not a cirque glacier, but instead a southern-sourced ice tongue from the KCIC overtopping the MacGillycuddy's Reeks, and (2) that the boulders we sampled for 10Be exposure dating were derived from supraglacial rockfall rather than transported subglacially, experienced nuclide inheritance, and are thus too old. In the following, we address both of these arguments.

Unusually large tsunamis frequent a currently creeping part of the Aleutian megathrust

USGS Publications Warehouse

Witter, Robert C.; Carver, G.A.; Briggs, Richard; Gelfenbaum, Guy R.; Koehler, R.D.; La Selle, SeanPaul M.; Bender, Adrian M.; Engelhart, S.E.; Hemphill-Haley, E.; Hill, Troy D.

2016-01-01

Current models used to assess earthquake and tsunami hazards are inadequate where creep dominates a subduction megathrust. Here we report geological evidence for large tsunamis, occurring on average every 300–340 years, near the source areas of the 1946 and 1957 Aleutian tsunamis. These areas bookend a postulated seismic gap over 200 km long where modern geodetic measurements indicate that the megathrust is currently creeping. At Sedanka Island, evidence for large tsunamis includes six sand sheets that blanket a lowland facing the Pacific Ocean, rise to 15 m above mean sea level, contain marine diatoms, cap terraces, adjoin evidence for scour, and date from the past 1700 years. The youngest sheet, and modern drift logs found as far as 800 m inland and >18 m elevation, likely record the 1957 tsunami. Modern creep on the megathrust coexists with previously unrecognized tsunami sources along this part of the Aleutian Subduction Zone.

Repurposing doxycycline for synucleinopathies: remodelling of α-synuclein oligomers towards non-toxic parallel beta-sheet structured species

PubMed Central

González-Lizárraga, Florencia; Socías, Sergio B.; Ávila, César L.; Torres-Bugeau, Clarisa M.; Barbosa, Leandro R. S.; Binolfi, Andres; Sepúlveda-Díaz, Julia E.; Del-Bel, Elaine; Fernandez, Claudio O.; Papy-Garcia, Dulce; Itri, Rosangela; Raisman-Vozari, Rita; Chehín, Rosana N.

2017-01-01

Synucleinophaties are progressive neurodegenerative disorders with no cure to date. An attractive strategy to tackle this problem is repurposing already tested safe drugs against novel targets. In this way, doxycycline prevents neurodegeneration in Parkinson models by modulating neuroinflammation. However, anti-inflammatory therapy per se is insufficient to account for neuroprotection. Herein we characterise novel targets of doxycycline describing the structural background supporting its effectiveness as a neuroprotector at subantibiotic doses. Our results show that doxycycline reshapes α-synuclein oligomers into off-pathway, high-molecular-weight species that do not evolve into fibrils. Off-pathway species present less hydrophobic surface than on-pathway oligomers and display different β-sheet structural arrangement. These structural changes affect the α-synuclein ability to destabilize biological membranes, cell viability, and formation of additional toxic species. Altogether, these mechanisms could act synergically giving novel targets for repurposing this drug. PMID:28155912

Quantitative Analysis of Solid-State Homonuclear Correlation Spectra of Antiparallel β-Sheet Alanine Tetramers.

PubMed

Naito, Akira; Okushita, Keiko; Nishimura, Katsuyuki; Boutis, Gregory S; Aoki, Akihiro; Asakura, Tetsuo

2018-03-15

Poly-l-alanine (PLA) sequences are a key element in the structure of the crystalline domains of spider dragline silks, wild silkworm silks, antifreeze proteins, and amyloids. To date, no atomic-level structures of antiparallel (AP)-PLA longer than Ala 4 have been reported using the single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In this work, dipolar-assisted rotational resonance solid-state NMR spectra were observed to determine the effective internuclear distances of 13 C uniformly labeled alanine tetramer with antiparallel (AP) β-sheet structure whose atomic coordinates are determined from the X-ray crystallographic analysis. Initial build-up rates, R j, k , were obtained from the build-up curves of the cross peaks by considering the internuclear distances arising in the master equation. Subsequently, experimentally obtained effective internuclear distances, r eff j, k (obs), were compared with the calculated r eff j, k (calc) values obtained from the X-ray crystallographic data. Fairly good correlation between r eff j, k (obs) and r eff j, k (calc) was obtained in the range of 1.0-6.0 Å, with the standard deviation of 0.244 Å, without considering the zero-quantum line-shape functions. It was further noted that the internuclear distances of intermolecular contributions provide details relating to the molecular packing in solid-state samples. Thus, the present data agree well with AP-β-sheet packing but do not agree with P-β-sheet packing.

Mechanical properties and cellular response of novel electrospun nanofibers for ligament tissue engineering: Effects of orientation and geometry.

PubMed

Pauly, Hannah M; Kelly, Daniel J; Popat, Ketul C; Trujillo, Nathan A; Dunne, Nicholas J; McCarthy, Helen O; Haut Donahue, Tammy L

2016-08-01

Electrospun nanofibers are a promising material for ligamentous tissue engineering, however weak mechanical properties of fibers to date have limited their clinical usage. The goal of this work was to modify electrospun nanofibers to create a robust structure that mimics the complex hierarchy of native tendons and ligaments. The scaffolds that were fabricated in this study consisted of either random or aligned nanofibers in flat sheets or rolled nanofiber bundles that mimic the size scale of fascicle units in primarily tensile load bearing soft musculoskeletal tissues. Altering nanofiber orientation and geometry significantly affected mechanical properties; most notably aligned nanofiber sheets had the greatest modulus; 125% higher than that of random nanofiber sheets; and 45% higher than aligned nanofiber bundles. Modifying aligned nanofiber sheets to form aligned nanofiber bundles also resulted in approximately 107% higher yield stresses and 140% higher yield strains. The mechanical properties of aligned nanofiber bundles were in the range of the mechanical properties of the native ACL: modulus=158±32MPa, yield stress=57±23MPa and yield strain=0.38±0.08. Adipose derived stem cells cultured on all surfaces remained viable and proliferated extensively over a 7 day culture period and cells elongated on nanofiber bundles. The results of the study suggest that aligned nanofiber bundles may be useful for ligament and tendon tissue engineering based on their mechanical properties and ability to support cell adhesion, proliferation, and elongation. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Occurrence of antidepressant residues in the sewage-impacted Vistula and Utrata rivers and in tap water in Warsaw (Poland).

PubMed

Giebułtowicz, Joanna; Nałęcz-Jawecki, Grzegorz

2014-06-01

Antidepressants, even at low concentrations, can reveal some adverse effects on aquatic life due to disturbing homeostasis throughout the central and peripheral nervous system both in vertebrates and invertebrates. To date there have not been any reports regarding the presence of these pharmaceuticals in surface and tap waters in Eastern Europe. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine the presence of 21 antidepressant pharmaceuticals at specific points of the main Polish river - the Vistula, a smaller river of the Warsaw region - the Utrata, as well as in tap water samples of Warsaw. Samples were collected twice at one month intervals and analysed using solid-phase extraction (SPE) technique coupled with the liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) method operated under the multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM). This is the first study where active compounds such as moclobemid or trazodone in the environment have been investigated. Environmental risk assessment of antidepressants in Poland was estimated on the basis of annuals sale data extracted from the NFZ (Narodowy Fundusz Zdrowia-National Health Service) base of reimbursed pharmaceuticals(1). Predicted environmental concentration (PEC) of target pharmaceuticals were compared with their measured concentration (MEC). Moreover, the application of the EMEA/CHMP guideline for environmental risk assessment of the antidepressants was discussed. The highest concentration of antidepressants was observed in the small river Utrata. In tap water only trace amounts of antidepressants including citalopram (up to 1.5ng/l), mianserin (up to 0.9ng/l), sertraline (<3.1ng/l), moclobemid (up to 0.3ng/l) and venlafaxine (up to 1.9ng/l) were detected. However this highlights their inadequate elimination in the drinking waste treatment facility. The presence of antidepressants in drinking water and the aquatic environment could have long-term effects even at low exposure level, especially since synergy amongst pharmaceutical pollutants may occur. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The Clinical Development of Molecularly Targeted Agents in Combination With Radiation Therapy: A Pharmaceutical Perspective

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ataman, Ozlem U., E-mail: ouataman@hotmail.com; Sambrook, Sally J.; Wilks, Chris

2012-11-15

Summary: This paper explores historical and current roles of pharmaceutical industry sponsorship of clinical trials testing radiation therapy combinations with molecularly targeted agents and attempts to identify potential solutions to expediting further combination studies. An analysis of clinical trials involving a combination of radiation therapy and novel cancer therapies was performed. Ongoing and completed trials were identified by searching the (clinicaltrials.gov) Web site, in the first instance, with published trials of drugs of interest identified through American Society of Clinical Oncology, European CanCer Organisation/European Society for Medical Oncology, American Society for Radiation Oncology/European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, andmore » PubMed databases and then cross-correlated with (clinicaltrials.gov) protocols. We examined combination trials involving radiation therapy with novel agents and determined their distribution by tumor type, predominant molecular mechanisms examined in combination to date, timing of initiation of trials relative to a novel agent's primary development, and source of sponsorship of such trials. A total of 564 studies of targeted agents in combination with radiation therapy were identified with or without concomitant chemotherapy. Most studies were in phase I/II development, with only 36 trials in phase III. The tumor site most frequently studied was head and neck (26%), followed by non-small cell lung cancer. Pharmaceutical companies were the sponsors of 33% of studies overall and provided support for only 16% of phase III studies. In terms of pharmaceutical sponsorship, Genentech was the most active sponsor of radiation therapy combinations (22%), followed by AstraZeneca (14%). Most radiation therapy combination trials do not appear to be initiated until after drug approval. In phase III studies, the most common (58%) primary endpoint was overall survival. Collectively, this analysis suggests that such trials are not given priority by pharmaceutical companies. The potential reasons for this and some challenges and possible solutions are discussed.« less

Quasi Static and Dynamic Characterization of Equal Channel Angular Extrusion (ECAE) Processed and Rolled AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Sheet

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-04-01

ARL-TR-8006 ● Apr 2017 US Army Research Laboratory Quasi -Static and Dynamic Characterization of Equal Channel Angular Extrusion...originator. ARL-TR-8006 ● Apr 2017 US Army Research Laboratory Quasi -Static and Dynamic Characterization of Equal Channel Angular...April 2017 2. REPORT TYPE Technical Report 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) April 2015–January 2016 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Quasi -Static and Dynamic

Clinical Investigation Program.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-09-30

Mexico , September 1987. Publications: None ! ~t 4, FAMC A.P.R. (RCS MED 300) Detail Summary Sheet (HSCR 40-23 as amended) (1) Date: 30 Sep 87 (2...Infection: A Prospective Study. Presented: 2nd Annual Symposium of the Rocky Moun-tain Flow Cytometry Users Group, Albuquerque, New Mexico , 10-11...COL, MC (9) Dept/Sv:Pe-at (10) Associate Tnvestigators (lI) Tey WoJr--s: Myron J. Levin, M.D. varicella vaccine U Co. HSC (12) Accumu tEve MEDCASE:* 1

12. FLOOR BEAMS, BRACKETS, STRINGERS. (Also includes a schedule of ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. FLOOR BEAMS, BRACKETS, STRINGERS. (Also includes a schedule of parts.) American Bridge Company, Ambridge Plant No. 5, sheet no. 2, dated April 2, 1928 (revised 4-24-28), order no. F5073. For U.S. Steel Products Company, Pacific Coast Depot, order no. SF578. For Southern Pacific Company, order no. 8873-P-28746. Scale 1/4 inch to one foot. - Napa River Railroad Bridge, Spanning Napa River, east of Soscol Avenue, Napa, Napa County, CA

VLSI Implementation of Neuromorphic Learning Networks

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-03-31

AND DATES COVEREDFINAL/O1 AUG 90 TO 31 MAR 93 4. TITLE AND SUBTII1L S. FUNDING NUMBERS VLSI IMPLEMENTATION OF NEUROMORPHIC LEARNING NETWORKS (U) 6...Standard Form 298 (Rev 2-89) rtrfbc byv nN$I A Z’Si - 8 9- A* qip. COVER SHEET VLSI Implementation of Neuromorphic Learning Networks Contract Number... Neuromorphic Learning Networks Sponsored by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency DARPA Order No. 7013 Monitored by AFOSR Under Contract No. F49620-90-C

28. "CONSTRUCTION PHASING, STATION '0' AREA." Specifications No. OC15775, Drawing ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

28. "CONSTRUCTION PHASING, STATION '0' AREA." Specifications No. OC1-57-75, Drawing No. AF-45-02-19, sheet 3 of 5, D.O. Series No. AF 1439/25, Rev. B. Stamped: RECORD DRAWING - AS CONSTRUCTED. Below stamp: Contract no. 5296 Rev. B, Date: 11/13/59. - Edwards Air Force Base, South Base Sled Track, Edwards Air Force Base, North of Avenue B, between 100th & 140th Streets East, Lancaster, Los Angeles County, CA

15. "FIRING CONTROL BLOCKHOUSE; STATION '0' AREA; PLAN, AND SECTIONS." ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

15. "FIRING CONTROL BLOCKHOUSE; STATION '0' AREA; PLAN, AND SECTIONS." Specifications No. ENG-04-353-57-75; Drawing No. AF-60-09-15; sheet 40 of 96; D.O. Series No. AF 1394/60, Rev. A. Stamped: RECORD DRAWING - AS CONSTRUCTED. Below stamp: Contract no. 5296 Rev. A, Date: 11/17/59. - Edwards Air Force Base, South Base Sled Track, Firing Control Blockhouse, South of Sled Track at east end, Lancaster, Los Angeles County, CA

Weichselian periglacial environments in the northeastern extremety of Europe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Astakhov, V.; Svendsen, J. I.

2009-04-01

Traditional reconstructions of Weichselian environments saw the Peri-Uralian plains as arena either of Late Weichselian glaciation or of predominant aqueous activity which is incompatible with the latest finds of Upper Palaeolithic human activity in the Peri-Uralian Arctic and Subarctic. Now it is proven that the last ice sheet disintegrated before 50 ka BP (Svendsen et al., 2004) and early humans arrived in the Arctic as early as ca 40 ka BP (Svendsen and Pavlov, 2003). Therefore, to understand the natural setting of early human invasions into northeastern European Russia a re-evaluation of periglacial evidences is necessary. Spatially diverse data obtained from sedimentological studies, photogeological interpretation and dating results from various sedimentary formations appear instrumental for assessing the palaeo-environment. Weichselian periglacial events are dated back to ca 80-90 luminescence ka BP when the huge ice-dammed water body called Lake Komi inundated all lowlands below 100 m isohypse in front of an arctic ice sheet (Mangerud et al., 2004). Some 70 ka BP the lake was replaced by a fluvial network that drained the stagnant ice fields recognized as the "Third Terrace" above the present floodplain. Judging from sediment sections in the Yamal Peninsula, wind-blown sand covers started to develop already during MIS 4. A Mid-Weichselian climatic amelioration around 50-30 ka BP can be traced by the "Second Terrace" and from the many gullies with finds of bones of mammals. Pollen record and relict permafrost features indicate that treeless, permafrozen landscapes predominated in the present zone of boreal forest. Nevertheless, a general humidification at around this time is evident from fluvial gravels and diamictic solifluction sheets. Quite different features emerged in the northeast of the Russian Plain during MIS 2. Fluvial sediments are almost absent except for some thin (1-2 m) sand and gravel accumulations caused by local low-energy streams. The discontinuous sedimentary mantle from this period consists largely of various aeolian sands and loess-like silts (Astakhov et al., 1999; Mangerud et al., 1999) with rare wisps of soliflucted diamicts. Dune sands, up to 20 m thick, occur mostly along the Barents Sea coastline, whereas loess-like silts gravitate to the Uralian piedmonts. Most widespread upon all arctic landscape elements are thin (1-3 m) sheets of laminated cover-sand similar to niveo-aeolian deposits described in the Netherlands and elsewhere. Typically the aeolian sands are accompanied by conical residual hillocks with armored deflation summits. Finds of organic remains in surficial sediments younger than 27 and older than 14 radiocarbon ka BP are rare. The aeolian sands and silts have yielded a number of luminescence dates in the range of 33 to 13 calendar ka BP (Mangerud et al., 2002). Macrofauna and a sparse shrub vegetation reappeared after 14 radiocarbon ka BP (Mangerud et al.1999). Another indication of a cold and continental climate is remnants of fossil glacier ice which have survived within arctic diamict sheets for at least 50 ka (Astakhov and Svendsen, 2002). We conclude that most of the Weichselian time the northeastern European Russia was a treeless, landscape with permafrost. An especially dry, frosty and generally inhospitable environment appeared during MIS 2 when the Barents Sea Ice Sheet produced strong katabatic winds across the polar desert. The only period suitable for human invasion from the south was during the MIS 3 when a higher precipitation rate could support meager arboreal vegetation along river valleys. A minor climatic amelioration after 15 radiocarbon ka BP led to formation of the "First Terrace" along the rivers and numerous thermokarst lakes surrounded by shrub land. Only sparse mammal bones, but no traces of human activity are known from the final Pleistocene until the Neolithic times. References - Astakhov V.I., Svendsen J.I., Mangerud J. et al. 1999: Marginal formations of the last Kara and Barents ice sheets in northern European Russia. Boreas 28(1), 23-45. - Astakhov V.I. and Svendsen J.I. 2002: Age of remnants of a Pleistocene glacier in Bol`shezemel`skaya Tundra. Doklady Earth Sciences 384(4), 468-472. - Mangerud, J., Svendsen, J.I. and Astakhov, V.I. 1999: Age and extent of the Barents and Kara Sea ice sheets in Northern Russia. Boreas 28 (1), 46-80. - Mangerud, J., Astakhov, V. and Svendsen, J-I. 2002: The extent of the Barents-Kara Ice Sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum. Quaternary Science Reviews 21 (1-3), 111-119. - Mangerud, J., Jakobsson, M., Alexanderson et al. 2004: Ice-dammed lakes and rerouting of the drainage of northern Eurasia during the Last Glaciation. Quaternary Science Reviews 23(11-13), 1313-1332. - Svendsen, J. I., Alexanderson, H., Astakhov V. et al. 2004: Late Quaternary ice sheet history of Northern Eurasia. Quaternary Science Reviews 23(11-13), 1229-1271. - Svendsen, J.I. and Pavlov, P. 2003: Mamontovaya Kuya: an enigmatic, nearly 40000 years old Paleolithic site in the Russian Arctic. Trabalhos de Arqueologia 33. Lisboa, Instituto Português de Arqueologia, 109-120.

Terrestrial Ice Sheets: Studies of Climate History, Internal Structure, Surface, and Bedrock

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thorsteinsson, Th.; Kipfstuhl, J.; Nixdorf, U.; Oerter, H.; Miller, H.; Fritsche, D.; Jung-Rothenhaeusler, F.; Mayer, C.; Schwager, M.; Wilhelms, F.; Steinhage, D.; Goektas, F.

1998-01-01

Recently drilled deep ice cores from Central Greenland (GRIP and GISP2) provide the most detailed results available on climatic variation in the northern hemisphere during the last 100,000 years, a period that includes the Holocene (0-11.5 ka) and most of the Wisconsin glacial period. Summer-winter variation in various physical and chemical properties of polar ice allows dating of ice cores by annual layer counting. Several such methods are currently being employed on an ice core drilled by the new North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP), which is aimed at extending the Greenland ice palaeoclimatic record through the last interglacial, the Eemian. Two examples will be presented: (1) visual and photographic studies of seasonal variation in stratigraphic layering, crystal size, air bubble and clathrate concentration, and (2) studies of electric stratigraphy, using the method of dielectric profiling (DEP). This method records the AC conductivity of ice cores, which is negatively correlated with the concentration of airborne dust in the ice but positively correlated with volcanic and marine aerosols. Comprehensive surface traverse programs, which include shallow coring and ice velocity measurements, have recently been carried out by the Alfred Wegener Institute in previously little-investigated regions of Greenland and Antarctica. Serving partly as reconnaissance prior to deep drilling projects, such studies also help to reduce considerable uncertainties in the mass balance of the two large polar ice sheets and thus in their estimated response to climate change. Main results of a recent traverse in North Greenland include the following: (1) A new map of the accumulation distribution on the ice sheet indicates a large low-accumulation region in Northeast-Greenland; (2) North Greenland records show significantly greater climatic variability during the last 500 yr than corresponding records from the southern part of the ice sheet; and (3) data on variation in accumulation rates do not indicate a definite trend in the region during this century. The Alfred Wegener Institute has in recent years employed both airborne and ground-penetrating ice radar systems to map the bedrock around deep drilling sites in Central and North Greenland, as well as in a planned Antarctic site in Dronning Maud Land. The radar also records shallow and deep internal echoes, caused by rapid variation in density and ice acidity in layers of certain ages, allowing isochrones to be traced over wide reaches of the ice sheet. Disturbances in regular stratigraphic layering, due to ice flow over an irregular bed, were observed in the lowest 200-300 m of the GRIP and GISP2 ice cores. Since the aim of the new NGRIP coring program is to obtain an ice core reaching further back in time than the Central Greenland cores, this site was chosen in a region where the bedrock is relatively flat. Echo-sounding surveys between GRIP and NGREP show that the isochrones lie 100-200 in higher above the bed at NGRIP, indicating that the Eemian layer is unlikely to have been disturbed by ice flow at this location. Due to the flow pattern of ice sheets, layers forming a vertical sequence in the interior regions of an ice sheet can, under favorable conditions, be traced on horizontal profiles at the margins. Some meaningful correlations have already been established between Greenland deep ice core climatic records and corresponding records from ice margins. In these regions, a clear contrast is observed between ice of Holocene origin and significantly darker-looking ice dating from the Wisconsin glacial period, which displays summertime ablation rates 2-4x higher than the Holocene ice. This difference is due to higher concentrations of dust and other impurities in the Wisconsin ice, by 1-2 orders of magnitude, leading to reduced albedo. Furthermore, smaller crystal sizes in the Wisconsin ice lead to a more homogeneous distribution of impurities on the surface, which probably contributes to lowering the albedo. Comprehensive studies of ice crystal size and c-axis orientations on the GRIP and NGRIP deep cores provide detailed information on recrystallization processes in polar ice sheets. Based on the GRIP results, the Central-Greenland ice sheet can be vertically divided into three different recrystallization regimes: (1) normal grain growth regime (0-700 in), in which the average crystal size increases steadily to 4mm diameter; (2) polygonization regime (700-2800m), in which crystals are subdivided due to increasing strain and no further increase in crystal size is observed; and (3) migration recrystallization regime (2800-3050m), where higher temperatures (-10C) cause rapid crystal growth with average diameters increasing to 30 mm in the bottom layers. Higher impurity content in ice dating from glacial periods is seen to exert a strong inhibitive effect on crystal growth. The data on c-axis fabrics demonstrate the development of crystalline anisotropy with depth, leading to significant variation in flow properties. In particular, strong rheological contrasts are observed between glacial and interglacial ice, with fine-grained ice dating from glacial periods deforming more rapidly under conditions of simple shear than more coarse-grained interglacial ice. When the dynamics of ice masses are addressed by modeling, special attention must be given to the transition zone between ice resting on bedrock and floating ice shelves. One application for numerical ice-dynamics models that deal with such transition zones is the investigation of areas with special mass balance characteristics, like ice streams entering ice shelves or ice sheet areas over subglacial lakes. Recent results from a model applied to the ice above Lake Vostok in East Antarctica indicate that comparatively strong basal melting and adjacent refreezing occur close to the western shore of the lake.

Spatiotemporal distribution of Holocene populations in North America

PubMed Central

Chaput, Michelle A.; Kriesche, Björn; Betts, Matthew; Martindale, Andrew; Kulik, Rafal; Schmidt, Volker; Gajewski, Konrad

2015-01-01

As the Cordilleran and Laurentide Ice Sheets retreated, North America was colonized by human populations; however, the spatial patterns of subsequent population growth are unclear. Temporal frequency distributions of aggregated radiocarbon (14C) dates are used as a proxy of population size and can be used to track this expansion. The Canadian Archaeological Radiocarbon Database contains more than 35,000 14C dates and is used in this study to map the spatiotemporal demographic changes of Holocene populations in North America at a continental scale for the past 13,000 y. We use the kernel method, which converts the spatial distribution of 14C dates into estimates of population density at 500-y intervals. The resulting maps reveal temporally distinct, dynamic patterns associated with paleodemographic trends that correspond well to genetic, archaeological, and ethnohistoric evidence of human occupation. These results have implications for hypothesizing and testing migration routes into and across North America as well as the relative influence of North American populations on the evolution of the North American ecosystem. PMID:26351683