Photo-thermal characteristics of water-based Fe3O4@SiO2 nanofluid for solar-thermal applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khashan, Saud; Dagher, Sawsan; Omari, Salahaddin Al; Tit, Nacir; Elnajjar, Emad; Mathew, Bobby; Hilal-Alnaqbi, Ali

2017-05-01

This work proposes and demonstrates the novel idea of using Fe3O4@SiO2 core/shell structure nanoparticles (NPs) to improve the solar thermal conversion efficiency. Magnetite (Fe3O4) NPs are synthesized by controlled co-precipitation method. Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs are prepared based on sol-gel approach, then characterized. Water-based Fe3O4@SiO2 nanofluid is prepared and usedto illustrate the photo-thermal conversion characteristics of a solar collector under solar simulator. The temperature rise characteristics of the nanofluids are investigated at different heights of the solar collector, for duration of 300 min, under a solar intensity of 1000 W m-2. The experimental results show that Fe3O4@SiO2 NPs have a core/shell structure with spherical morphology and size of about 400 nm. Fe3O4@SiO2/H2O nanofluid enhances the photo-thermal conversion efficiency compared with base fluid and Fe3O4/H2O nanofluid, since the silica coating improves both the thermodynamic stability of the nanofluid and the light absorption effectiveness of the NPs. At a concentration of 1 mg/1 ml of Fe3O4@SiO2/H2O, and with the utilization of kerosene into the solar collector, and exposure for radiation for 5 min, the photo-thermal conversion efficiency has shown an enhancement at the bottom of the collector of about 32.9% compared to the base fluid.

Flower-like PEGylated MoS2 nanoflakes for near-infrared photothermal cancer therapy

PubMed Central

Feng, Wei; Chen, Liang; Qin, Ming; Zhou, Xiaojun; Zhang, Qianqian; Miao, Yingke; Qiu, Kexin; Zhang, Yanzhong; He, Chuanglong

2015-01-01

Photothermal cancer therapy has attracted considerable interest for cancer treatment in recent years, but the effective photothermal agents remain to be explored before this strategy can be applied clinically. In this study, we therefore develop flower-like molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoflakes and investigate their potential for photothermal ablation of cancer cells. MoS2 nanoflakes are synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method and then modified with lipoic acid-terminated polyethylene glycol (LA-PEG), endowing the obtained nanoflakes with high colloidal stability and very low cytotoxicity. Upon irradiation with near infrared (NIR) laser at 808 nm, the nanoflakes showed powerful ability of inducing higher temperature, good photothermal stability and high photothermal conversion efficiency. The in vitro photothermal effects of MoS2-PEG nanoflakes with different concentrations were also evaluated under various power densities of NIR 808-nm laser irradiation, and the results indicated that an effective photothermal killing of cancer cells could be achieved by a low concentration of nanoflakes under a low power NIR 808-nm laser irradiation. Furthermore, cancer cell in vivo could be efficiently destroyed via the photothermal effect of MoS2-PEG nanoflakes under the irradiation. These results thus suggest that the MoS2-PEG nanoflakes would be as promising photothermal agents for future photothermal cancer therapy. PMID:26632249

Flower-like PEGylated MoS2 nanoflakes for near-infrared photothermal cancer therapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Feng, Wei; Chen, Liang; Qin, Ming; Zhou, Xiaojun; Zhang, Qianqian; Miao, Yingke; Qiu, Kexin; Zhang, Yanzhong; He, Chuanglong

2015-12-01

Photothermal cancer therapy has attracted considerable interest for cancer treatment in recent years, but the effective photothermal agents remain to be explored before this strategy can be applied clinically. In this study, we therefore develop flower-like molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoflakes and investigate their potential for photothermal ablation of cancer cells. MoS2 nanoflakes are synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method and then modified with lipoic acid-terminated polyethylene glycol (LA-PEG), endowing the obtained nanoflakes with high colloidal stability and very low cytotoxicity. Upon irradiation with near infrared (NIR) laser at 808 nm, the nanoflakes showed powerful ability of inducing higher temperature, good photothermal stability and high photothermal conversion efficiency. The in vitro photothermal effects of MoS2-PEG nanoflakes with different concentrations were also evaluated under various power densities of NIR 808-nm laser irradiation, and the results indicated that an effective photothermal killing of cancer cells could be achieved by a low concentration of nanoflakes under a low power NIR 808-nm laser irradiation. Furthermore, cancer cell in vivo could be efficiently destroyed via the photothermal effect of MoS2-PEG nanoflakes under the irradiation. These results thus suggest that the MoS2-PEG nanoflakes would be as promising photothermal agents for future photothermal cancer therapy.

Shape-Controlled Synthesis of High-Quality Cu7 S4 Nanocrystals for Efficient Light-Induced Water Evaporation.

PubMed

Zhang, Changbo; Yan, Cong; Xue, Zhenjie; Yu, Wei; Xie, Yinde; Wang, Tie

2016-10-01

Copper sulfides (Cu 2-x S), are a novel kind of photothermal material exhibiting significant photothermal conversion efficiency, making them very attractive in various energy conversion related devices. Preparing high quality uniform Cu 2-x S nanocrystals (NCs) is a top priority for further energy-and sustainability relevant nanodevices. Here, a shape-controlled high quality Cu 7 S 4 NCs synthesis strategy is reported using sulfur in 1-octadecene as precursor by varying the heating temperature, as well as its forming mechanism. The performance of the Cu 7 S 4 NCs is further explored for light-driven water evaporation without the need of heating the bulk liquid to the boiling point, and the results suggest that as-synthesized highly monodisperse NCs perform higher evaporation rate than polydisperse NCs under the identical morphology. Furthermore, disk-like NCs exhibit higher water evaporation rate than spherical NCs. The water evaporation rate can be further enhanced by assembling the organic phase Cu 7 S 4 NCs into a dense film on the aqueous solution surface. The maximum photothermal conversion efficiency is as high as 77.1%. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

One-pot exfoliation, functionalization, and size manipulation of graphene sheets: efficient system for biomedical applications.

PubMed

Bani, Farhad; Bodaghi, Ali; Dadkhah, Abbas; Movahedi, Soodabeh; Bodaghabadi, Narges; Sadeghizadeh, Majid; Adeli, Mohsen

2018-05-01

In this work, we reported a facile method to produce stable aqueous graphene dispersion through direct exfoliation of graphite by modified hyperbranched polyglycerol. Size of graphene sheets was manipulated by simultaneous exfoliation and sonication of graphite, and functionalized graphene sheets with narrow size distribution were obtained. The polyglycerol-functionalized graphene sheets exhibited highly efficient cellular uptake and photothermal conversion, enabling it to serve as a photothermal agent for cancer therapy.

Facile integration of multiple magnetite nanoparticles for theranostics combining efficient MRI and thermal therapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Guoming; Zhu, Xianglong; Li, Hui; Wang, Lirong; Chi, Xiaoqin; Chen, Jiahe; Wang, Xiaomin; Chen, Zhong; Gao, Jinhao

2015-01-01

Multifunctional nanostructures with both diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities have attracted considerable attention in biomedical research because they can offer great advantages in disease management and prognosis. In this work, a facile way to transfer the hydrophobic iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles into aqueous media by employing carboxylic graphene oxide (GO-COOH) as the transferring agent has been reported. In this one-step process, IO nanoparticles adhere to GO-COOH and form water-dispersible clusters via hydrophobic interactions between the hydrophobic ligands of IO nanoparticles and the basal plane of GO-COOH. The multiple IO nanoparticles on GO-COOH sheets (IO/GO-COOH) present a significant increase in T2 contrast enhancement. Moreover, the IO/GO-COOH nanoclusters also display a high photothermal conversion efficiency and can effectively inhibit tumor growth through the photothermal effects. It is envisioned that such IO/GO-COOH nanocomposites combining efficient MRI and photothermal therapy hold great promise in theranostic applications.Multifunctional nanostructures with both diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities have attracted considerable attention in biomedical research because they can offer great advantages in disease management and prognosis. In this work, a facile way to transfer the hydrophobic iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles into aqueous media by employing carboxylic graphene oxide (GO-COOH) as the transferring agent has been reported. In this one-step process, IO nanoparticles adhere to GO-COOH and form water-dispersible clusters via hydrophobic interactions between the hydrophobic ligands of IO nanoparticles and the basal plane of GO-COOH. The multiple IO nanoparticles on GO-COOH sheets (IO/GO-COOH) present a significant increase in T2 contrast enhancement. Moreover, the IO/GO-COOH nanoclusters also display a high photothermal conversion efficiency and can effectively inhibit tumor growth through the photothermal effects. It is envisioned that such IO/GO-COOH nanocomposites combining efficient MRI and photothermal therapy hold great promise in theranostic applications. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06616b

Magnetic Carbon nanoparticles enabled efficient photothermal alteration of mammalian cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cardenas, Nelson; Thomas, Patrick; Yu, Lingfeng; Mohanty, Samarendra

2011-03-01

While cw near-infrared (NIR) laser beams have been finding widespread application in photothermal therapy of cancer and pulsed NIR laser microbeams are recently being used for optoporation of exogeneous impermeable materials into cells. Since, carbon nanomaterials are very good in photothermal conversion, we utilized carbon nanoparticles (CNP) doped with Fe, so that they can be localized in a defined area by two fold selectivity, (i) external magnetic field for retention of the CNP in targeted area and (ii) surface functionalization for binding the targeted cells. Here, we report efficient photothermal therapy as well as poration of cells using magnetic CNPs with very low power continuous wave laser beam. Localization of CNPs on cell membrane under application of magnetic field was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. At different power levels, cells could be damaged or microinjected with fluorescence protein-encoding plasmids or impermeable dyes. Monte Carlo simulation showed that the dose of NIR laser beam is sufficient to elicit response for magnetic CNP based photothermal treatment at significant depth. The results of our study suggest that magnetic CNP based photothermal alteration is a viable approach to remotely guide treatments offering high efficiency with significantly reduced cytotoxicity.

Layered tin monoselenide as advanced photothermal conversion materials for efficient solar energy-driven water evaporation.

PubMed

Yao, Jiandong; Zheng, Zhaoqiang; Yang, Guowei

2018-02-08

Solar energy-driven water evaporation lays a solid foundation for important photothermal applications such as sterilization, seawater desalination, and electricity generation. Due to the strong light-matter coupling, broad absorption wavelength range, and prominent quantum confinement effect, layered tin monoselenide (SnSe) holds a great potential to effectively harness solar irradiation and convert it to heat energy. In this study, SnSe is successfully deposited on a centimeter-scale nickel foam using a facile one-step pulsed-laser deposition approach. Importantly, the maximum evaporation rate of SnSe-coated nickel foam (SnSe@NF) reaches 0.85 kg m -2 h -1 , which is even 21% larger than that obtained with the commercial super blue coating (0.7 kg m -2 h -1 ) under the same condition. A systematic analysis reveals that its good photothermal conversion capability is attributed to the synergetic effect of multi-scattering-induced light trapping and the optimal trade-off between light absorption and phonon emission. Finally, the SnSe@NF device is further used for seawater evaporation, demonstrating a comparable evaporation rate (0.8 kg m -2 h -1 ) to that of fresh water and good stability over many cycles of usage. In summary, the current contribution depicts a facile one-step scenario for the economical and efficient solar-enabled SnSe@NF evaporation devices. More importantly, an in-depth analysis of the photothermal conversion mechanism underneath the layered materials depicts a fundamental paradigm for the design and application of photothermal devices based on them in the future.

Facile Preparation of Doxorubicin-Loaded and Folic Acid-Conjugated Carbon Nanotubes@Poly(N-vinyl pyrrole) for Targeted Synergistic Chemo-Photothermal Cancer Treatment.

PubMed

Wang, Daquan; Ren, Yibo; Shao, Yongping; Yu, Demei; Meng, Lingjie

2017-11-15

We developed a bifunctional nanoplatform for targeted synergistic chemo-photothermal cancer treatment. The nanoplatform was constructed through a facile method in which poly(N-vinyl pyrrole) (PVPy) was coated on cut multiwalled carbon nanotubes (c-MWNTs); FA-PEG-SH was then linked by thiol-ene click reaction to improve the active targeting ability, water dispersibility, and biocompatibility and to extend the circulation time in blood. The PVPy shell not only enhanced the photothermal effect of c-MWNTs significantly but also provided a surface that could tailor targeting molecules and drugs. The resulting MWNT@PVPy-S-PEG-FA possessed high drug-loading ratio as well as pH-sensitive unloading capacity for a broad-spectrum anticancer agent, doxorubicin. Owing to its outstanding efficiency in photothermal conversion and ability in targeted drug delivery, the material could potentially be used as an efficient chemo-photothermal therapeutic nanoagent to treat cancer.

Hollow mesoporous carbon as a near-infrared absorbing carrier compared with mesoporous carbon nanoparticles for chemo-photothermal therapy.

PubMed

Li, Xian; Yan, Yue; Lin, Yuanzhe; Jiao, Jian; Wang, Da; Di, Donghua; Zhang, Ying; Jiang, Tongying; Zhao, Qinfu; Wang, Siling

2017-05-15

In this study, hollow mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (HMCN) and mesoporous carbon nanoparticles (MCN) were used as near-infrared region (NIR) nanomaterials and drug nanocarriers were prepared using different methods. A comparison between HMCN and MCN was performed with regard to the NIR-induced photothermal effect and drug loading efficiency. The results of NIR-induced photothermal effect test demonstrated that HMCN-COOH had a better photothermal conversion efficacy than MCN-COOH. Given the prominent photothermal effect of HMCN-COOH in vitro, the chemotherapeutic drug DOX was chosen as a model drug to further evaluate the drug loading efficiencies and NIR-triggered drug release behaviors of the nanocarriers. The drug loading efficiency of DOX/HMCN-COOH was found to be up to 76.9%, which was higher than that of DOX/MCN-COOH. In addition, the use of an 808nm NIR laser markedly increased the release of DOX from both carbon carriers in pH 5.0 PBS and pH 7.4 PBS. Cellular photothermal tests involving A549 cells demonstrated that HMCN-COOH had a much higher photothermal efficacy than MCN-COOH. Cell viability experiments and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of DOX/HMCN-COOH and the results obtained demonstrated that DOX/HMCN-COOH had a synergistic therapeutic effect in cancer treatment involving a combination of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Photo-induced-heat localization on nanostructured metallic glasses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Uzun, Ceren; Kahler, Niloofar; Grave de Peralta, Luis; Kumar, Golden; Bernussi, Ayrton A.

2017-09-01

Materials with large photo-thermal energy conversion efficiency are essential for renewable energy applications. Photo-excitation is an effective approach to generate controlled and localized heat at relatively low excitation optical powers. However, lateral heat diffusion to the surrounding illuminated areas accompanied by low photo-thermal energy conversion efficiency remains a challenge for metallic surfaces. Surface nanoengineering has proven to be a successful approach to further absorption and heat generation. Here, we show that pronounced spatial heat localization and high temperatures can be achieved with arrays of amorphous metallic glass nanorods under infrared optical illumination. Thermography measurements revealed marked temperature contrast between illuminated and non-illuminated areas even under low optical power excitation conditions. This attribute allowed for generating legible photo-induced thermal patterns on textured metallic glass surfaces.

Statistical thermodynamic foundation for photovoltaic and photothermal conversion. IV. Solar cells with larger-than-unity quantum efficiency revisited

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Badescu, Viorel; Landsberg, Peter T.; De Vos, Alexis; Desoete, Bart

2001-02-01

A detailed balance solar energy conversion model offering a single treatment of both photovoltaic and photothermal conversion is expounded. It includes a heat rejection mechanism. The effect of multiple impact ionizations on the solar cell efficiency is reconsidered by including the constraints dictated by the first law of thermodynamics (which already exist in the model) and it improves of course the solar cell efficiency. However the upper bound efficiencies previously derived are too optimistic as they do not take into consideration the necessary increase in solar cell temperature. The cell efficiency operating under unconcentrated radiation is a few percent lower than in the ideal case (i.e., with perfect cooling). Wider band gap materials are recommended for those applications where the cell cooling is not effective. The best operation of naturally ventilated cells is under unconcentrated or slightly concentrated solar radiation. Increasing the (forced) ventilation rate allows an increase of the optimum concentration ratio. Additional effects such as the radiation reflectance and radiative pair recombination efficiency are also considered. A sort of threshold minimum band gap depending on the last effect is emphasized: materials with band gaps narrower than this threshold are characterized by very low cell efficiency.

Red blood cell membrane-camouflaged melanin nanoparticles for enhanced photothermal therapy.

PubMed

Jiang, Qin; Luo, Zimiao; Men, Yongzhi; Yang, Peng; Peng, Haibao; Guo, Ranran; Tian, Ye; Pang, Zhiqing; Yang, Wuli

2017-10-01

Photothermal therapy (PTT) has represented a promising noninvasive approach for cancer treatment in recent years. However, there still remain challenges in developing non-toxic and biodegradable biomaterials with high photothermal efficiency in vivo. Herein, we explored natural melanin nanoparticles extracted from living cuttlefish as effective photothermal agents and developed red blood cell (RBC) membrane-camouflaged melanin (Melanin@RBC) nanoparticles as a platform for in vivo antitumor PTT. The as-obtained natural melanin nanoparticles demonstrated strong absorption at NIR region, higher photothermal conversion efficiency (∼40%) than synthesized melanin-like polydopamine nanoparticles (∼29%), as well as favorable biocompatibility and biodegradability. It was shown that RBC membrane coating on melanin nanoparticles retained their excellent photothermal property, enhanced their blood retention and effectively improved their accumulation at tumor sites. With the guidance of their inherited photoacoustic imaging capability, optimal accumulation of Melanin@RBC at tumors was achieved around 4 h post intravenous injection. Upon irradiation by an 808-nm laser, the developed Melanin@RBC nanoparticles exhibited significantly higher PTT efficacy than that of bare melanin nanoparticles in A549 tumor-bearing mice. Given that both melanin nanoparticles and RBC membrane are native biomaterials, the developed Melanin@RBC platform could have great potential in clinics for anticancer PTT. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Novel theranostic nanoplatform for complete mice tumor elimination via MR imaging-guided acid-enhanced photothermo-/chemo-therapy.

PubMed

Li, Bei; Tang, Jie; Chen, Weiyu; Hao, Guanyu; Kurniawan, Nyoman; Gu, Zi; Xu, Zhi Ping

2018-05-31

Non-invasive imaging-guided tumor therapy requires new-generation bio-nanomaterials to sensitively respond to the unique tumor microenvironment for precise diagnosis and efficient treatment. Here, we report such a theranostic nanoplatform by engineering defect-rich multifunctional Cu-doped layered double hydroxide (Cu-LDH) nanoparticles, which integrates pH-sensitive T 1 -magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), acid-enhanced photothermal therapy and heat-facilitated chemotherapy. As characterized with EXAFS and XPS, smaller Cu-LDH nanoparticles possess a considerable amount of defects around Cu cations, an advantageous microstructure that enables a high photothermal conversion of 808 nm NIR laser (53.1%). The exposure of CuOH octahedra on the LDH surface makes the photothermal conversion significantly acid-enhanced (53.1% at pH 7.0 vs. 81.9% at pH 5.0). This Cu peculiar microstructure also makes T 1 -MRI very pH-sensitive, a desirable guide for subsequent tumor photothermal therapy. Combined photothermal therapy and chemotherapy lead to nearly complete elimination of tumor tissues in vivo with a low injection dose of agents. Therefore, this novel defect-rich Cu-LDH nanoplatform is one of promising tumor-specific nanotheranostic agents for non-invasive imaging-guided combinational therapy. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Dye-sensitized solar cell module realized photovoltaic and photothermal highly efficient conversion via three-dimensional printing technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Qi-Zhang; Zhu, Yan-Qing; Shi, Ji-Fu; Wang, Lei-Lei; Zhong, Liu-Wen; Xu, Gang

2017-03-01

Not Available Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 21103194, 51506205, and 21673243), the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China (Grant Nos. 2014A010106018 and 2013A011401011), the Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Innovation Project of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2014B050505015), the Special Support Program of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2014TQ01N610), the Director Innovation Foundation of Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, China (Grant No. y307p81001), and the Solar Photothermal Advanced Materials Engineering Research Center Construction Project of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2014B090904071).

Broadband absorption and enhanced photothermal conversion property of octopod-like Ag@Ag2S core@shell structures with gradually varying shell thickness.

PubMed

Jiang, Qian; Zeng, Wenxia; Zhang, Canying; Meng, Zhaoguo; Wu, Jiawei; Zhu, Qunzhi; Wu, Daxiong; Zhu, Haitao

2017-12-19

Photothermal conversion materials have promising applications in many fields and therefore they have attracted tremendous attention. However, the multi-functionalization of a single nanostructure to meet the requirements of multiple photothermal applications is still a challenge. The difficulty is that most nanostructures have specific absoprtion band and are not flexible to different demands. In the current work, we reported the synthesis and multi-band photothermal conversion of Ag@Ag 2 S core@shell structures with gradually varying shell thickness. We synthesized the core@shell structures through the sulfidation of Ag nanocubes by taking the advantage of their spatially different reactivity. The resulting core@shell structures show an octopod-like mopgorlogy with a Ag 2 S bulge sitting at each corner of the Ag nanocubes. The thickness of the Ag 2 S shell gradually increases from the central surface towards the corners of the structure. The synthesized core@shell structures show a broad band absorption spectrum from 300 to 1100 nm. Enhanced photothermal conversion effect is observed under the illuminations of 635, 808, and 1064 nm lasers. The results indicate that the octopod-like Ag@Ag 2 S core@shell structures have characteristics of multi-band photothermal conversion. The current work might provide a guidance for the design and synthesis of multifunctional photothermal conversion materials.

Black hollow silicon oxide nanoparticles as highly efficient photothermal agents in the second near-infrared window for in vivo cancer therapy.

PubMed

Yu, Xujiang; Yang, Kai; Chen, Xiaoyuan; Li, Wanwan

2017-10-01

Semiconductor nanoparticles with localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) have gained increasing interest due to their potential for use in nanomedicine, particularly in the area of cancer photothermal therapy. In this study, we have synthesized non-stoichiometric hollow silicon oxide nanoparticles (H-SiO x NPs) using a magnesiothermic reduction process. The black NPs generated a desired LSPR in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window, as was demonstrated by a photothermal conversion efficiency of up to 48.6% at 1064 nm. Such an efficiency is the highest reported among the noble metal and semiconductor-based NPs as NIR-II PTT photothermal agents. In addition, H-SiO x NPs exhibited excellent in vivo photoacoustic (PA) imaging properties, and thus can be used for highly efficient in vivo cancer treatment via irradiation with a 1064 nm laser, even at 0.6 W cm -2 . The findings described are the first to demonstrate the existence of LSPR in non-stoichiometric silicon-based nanoparticles with a low-toxicity degradation pathway for in vivo application, and provide new insights towards understanding the role of new semiconductor nanoparticles in nanomedicine. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fiber-Based, Double-Sided, Reduced Graphene Oxide Films for Efficient Solar Vapor Generation.

PubMed

Guo, Ankang; Ming, Xin; Fu, Yang; Wang, Gang; Wang, Xianbao

2017-09-06

Solar vapor generation is a promising and whole new branch of photothermal conversion for harvesting solar energy. Various materials and devices for solar thermal conversion were successively produced and reported for higher solar energy utilization in the past few years. Herein, a compact device of reduced graphene oxides (rGO) and paper fibers was designed and assembled for efficient solar steam generation under light illumination, and it consists of water supply pipelines (WSP), a thermal insulator (TI) and a double-sided absorbing film (DSF). Heat localization is enabled by the black DSF due to its broad absorption of sunlight. More importantly, the heat transfer, from the hot DSF to the cold base fluid (water), was suppressed by TI with a low thermal conductivity. Meanwhile, bulk water was continuously transported to the DSF by WSP through TI, which was driven by the surface energy and surface tension based on the capillary effect. The effects of reduction degrees of rGO on the photothermal conversion were explored, and the evaporation efficiency reached 89.2% under one sun with 60 mg rGO. This new microdevice provided a basic technical support for distillation, desalination, sewage treatment, and related technologies.

A Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Polymer with Alternating Isoindigo Derivative and Bithiophene Units for Near-Infrared Modulated Cancer Thermo-Chemotherapy.

PubMed

Li, Dong-Dong; Wang, Jun-Xia; Ma, Yan; Qian, Hai-Sheng; Wang, Dong; Wang, Li; Zhang, Guobing; Qiu, Longzhen; Wang, Yu-Cai; Yang, Xian-Zhu

2016-08-03

Conjugated polymers containing alternating donor/acceptor units have strong and sharp absorbance peaks in near-infrared (NIR) region, which could be suitable for photothermal therapy. However, these polymers as photothermal transducers are rarely reported because of their water insolubility, which limits their applications for cancer therapy. Herein, we report the donor-acceptor conjugated polymer PBIBDF-BT with alternating isoindigo derivative (BIBDF) and bithiophene (BT) units as a novel photothermal transducer, which exhibited strong near-infrared (NIR) absorbance due to its low band gap (1.52 eV). To stabilize the conjugated polymer physiological environments, we utilized an amphiphilic copolymer, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(hexyl ethylene phosphate) (mPEG-b-PHEP), to stabilize PBIBDF-BT-based nanoparticles (PBIBDF-BT@NPPPE) through a single emulsion method. The obtained nanoparticles PBIBDF-BT@NPPPE showed great stability in physiological environments and excellent photostability. Moreover, the PBIBDF-BT@NPPPE exhibited high photothermal conversion efficiency, reaching 46.7%, which is relatively high compared with those of commonly used materials for photothermal therapy. Accordingly, in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that PBIBDF-BT@NPPPE exhibits efficient photothermal anticancer efficacy. More importantly, PBIBDF-BT@NPPPE could simultaneously encapsulate other types of therapeutic agents though hydrophobic interactions with the PHEP core and achieve NIR-triggered intracellular drug release and a synergistic combination therapy of thermo-chemotherapy for the treatment of cancer.

Porphyrin-based Nanostructure-Dependent Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jin, Cheng S.

This thesis presents the investigation of nanostructure-dependent phototherapy. We reviewed the liposomal structures for delivery of photosensitizers, and introduced a novel class of phototransducing liposomes called "porphysomes". Porphysomes are self-assembled from high packing density of pyropheophorbide alpha-conjugated phospholipids, resulting in extreme self-quenching of porphyrin fluorescence and comparable optical absorption to gold nanoparticles for high photothermal efficiency. We demonstrated this self-assembly of porphyrin-lipid conjugates converts a singlet oxygen generating mechanism (photodynamic therapy PDT activity) of porphyrin to photothermal mechanism (photothermal therapy PTT activity). The efficacy of porphysome-enhanced PTT was then evaluated on two pre-clinical animal models. We validated porphysome-enabled focal PTT to treat orthotopic prostate cancer using MRI-guided focal laser placement to closely mimic the current clinic procedure. Furthermore, porphysome-enabled fluorescence-guided transbronchial PTT of lung cancer was demonstrated in rabbit orthotopic lung cancer models, which led to the development of an ultra-minimally invasive therapy for early-stage peripheral lung cancer. On the other hand, the nanostructure-mediated conversion of PDT to PTT can be switched back by nanoparticle dissociation. By incorporating folate-conjugated phospholipids into the formulation, porphysomes were internalized into cells rapidly via folate receptor-mediated endocytosis and resulted in efficient disruption of nanostructures, which turned back on the photodynamic activity of densely packed porphyrins, making a closed loop of conversion between PDT and PTT. The multimodal imaging and therapeutic features of porphysome make it ideal for future personalized cancer treatments.

Nanoscale Metal-Organic Frameworks Decorated with Graphene Oxide for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Guided Photothermal Therapy.

PubMed

Meng, Jing; Chen, Xiujin; Tian, Yang; Li, Zhongfeng; Zheng, Qingfeng

2017-12-11

Imaging-guided photothermal therapy (PTT) provides an attractive way to treat cancer. A composite material of a nanoscale metal-organic framework (NMOF) and graphene oxide (GO) has been prepared for potential use in tumor-guided PTT with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The NMOFs containing Fe 3+ were prefabricated with an octahedral morphology through a solvothermal reaction to offer a strong T 2 -weighted contrast in MRI. Then the NMOFs were decorated with GO nanosheets, which had good photothermal properties. After decoration, zeta-potential characterization shows that the aqueous stability of the composite material is enhanced, UV/Vis and near-infrared (NIR) spectra confirm that NIR absorption is also increased, and photothermal experiments reveal that the composite materials express higher photothermal conversion effects and conversion stability. The fabricated NMOF/GO shows low cytotoxicity, effective T 2 -weighted contrast of MRI, and positive PTT behavior for a tumor model in vitro. The performance of the composite NMOF/GO for MRI and PTT was also tested upon injection into A549 tumor-bearing mice. The studies in vivo revealed that the fabricated NMOF/GO was efficient in T 2 -weighted imaging and ablation of the A549 tumor with low cytotoxicity, which implied that the prepared composite contrast agent was a potential multifunctional nanotheranostic agent. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Hierarchical Graphene Foam for Efficient Omnidirectional Solar-Thermal Energy Conversion.

PubMed

Ren, Huaying; Tang, Miao; Guan, Baolu; Wang, Kexin; Yang, Jiawei; Wang, Feifan; Wang, Mingzhan; Shan, Jingyuan; Chen, Zhaolong; Wei, Di; Peng, Hailin; Liu, Zhongfan

2017-10-01

Efficient solar-thermal energy conversion is essential for the harvesting and transformation of abundant solar energy, leading to the exploration and design of efficient solar-thermal materials. Carbon-based materials, especially graphene, have the advantages of broadband absorption and excellent photothermal properties, and hold promise for solar-thermal energy conversion. However, to date, graphene-based solar-thermal materials with superior omnidirectional light harvesting performances remain elusive. Herein, hierarchical graphene foam (h-G foam) with continuous porosity grown via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition is reported, showing dramatic enhancement of broadband and omnidirectional absorption of sunlight, which thereby can enable a considerable elevation of temperature. Used as a heating material, the external solar-thermal energy conversion efficiency of the h-G foam impressively reaches up to ≈93.4%, and the solar-vapor conversion efficiency exceeds 90% for seawater desalination with high endurance. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Cocrystals Strategy towards Materials for Near-Infrared Photothermal Conversion and Imaging.

PubMed

Wang, Yu; Zhu, Weigang; Du, Wenna; Liu, Xinfeng; Zhang, Xiaotao; Dong, Huanli; Hu, Wenping

2018-04-03

A cocrystal strategy with a simple preparation process is developed to prepare novel materials for near-infrared photothermal (PT) conversion and imaging. DBTTF and TCNB are selected as electron donor (D) and electron acceptor (A) to self-assemble into new cocrystals through non-covalent interactions. The strong D-A interaction leads to a narrow band gap with NIR absorption and that both the ground state and lowest-lying excited state are charge transfer states. Under the NIR laser illumination, the temperature of the cocrystal sharply increases in a short time with high PT conversion efficiency (η=18.8 %), which is due to the active non-radiative pathways and inhibition of radiative transition process, as revealed by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. This is the first PT conversion cocrystal, which not only provides insights for the development of novel PT materials, but also paves the way of designing functional materials with appealing applications. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Targeting N-doped graphene quantum dot with high photothermal conversion efficiency for dual-mode imaging and therapy in vitro.

PubMed

Xuan, Yang; Zhang, Ruo-Yun; Zhang, Xiao-Shuai; An, Jie; Cheng, Kai; Li, Cheng; Hou, Xiao-Lin; Zhao, Yuan-Di

2018-08-31

A graphene quantum dot (GQD) is a novel carbon nanomaterial with the advantages of low cost and no pollution. It has attracted serious attention in the biomedical fields because of its stabilities and tunable fluorescence wavelength. In this manuscript, an N-doped graphene quantum dot (N-GQD) was synthesized by a hydrothermal method using citric acid as the carbon source and urea as the nitrogen source. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, UV-vis absorption spectrum, and fluorescence spectrum were used to characterize the N-GQD. The results showed that the N-GQD had a uniform size of about 5 nm. The two fluorescence emission peaks, one in the visible light region showed a 49.75% quantum yield, while another in the near infrared region was 2.49%. The photothermal conversion efficiency was 62.53%, higher than any kind of carbon nanomaterial in existence today. MTT and a long-term cytotoxicity experiment confirmed that the N-GQD had low cytotoxicity. The probe also had the ability of photoacoustic response at the same time. After coupling with folic acid, it presented imaging and photothermal therapy on the cells, which has great application prospects in the early diagnosis and treatment of tumors.

Gold nanorods/mesoporous silica-based nanocomposite as theranostic agents for targeting near-infrared imaging and photothermal therapy induced with laser

PubMed Central

Liu, Yang; Xu, Ming; Chen, Qing; Guan, Guannan; Hu, Wen; Zhao, Xiuli; Qiao, Mingxi; Hu, Haiyang; Liang, Ying; Zhu, Heyun; Chen, Dawei

2015-01-01

Photothermal therapy (PTT) is widely regarded as a promising technology for cancer treatment. Gold nanorods (GNRs), as excellent PTT agent candidates, have shown high-performance photothermal conversion ability under laser irradiation, yet two major obstacles to their clinical application are the lack of selective accumulation in the target site following systemic administration and the greatly reduced photothermal conversion efficiency caused by self-aggregating in aqueous environment. Herein, we demonstrate that tLyp-1 peptide-functionalized, indocyanine green (ICG)-containing mesoporous silica-coated GNRs (I-TMSG) possessed dual-function as tumor cells-targeting near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe and PTT agents. The construction of the nanostructure began with synthesis of GNRs by seed-mediated growth method, followed by the coating of mesoporous silica, the chemical conjugation of PEG and tLyp-1 peptide, and the enclosure of ICG as an NIR imaging agent in the mesoporous. The as-prepared nanoparticles could shield the GNRs against their self-aggregation, improve the stability of ICG, and exhibit negligible dark cytotoxicity. More importantly, such a theranostic nanocomposite could realize the combination of GNRs-based photothermal ablation under NIR illumination, ICG-mediated fluorescent imaging, and tLyp-1-enabled more easy endocytosis into breast cancer cells. All in all, I-TMSG nanoparticles, in our opinion, possessed the strong potential to realize the effective diagnosis and PTT treatment of human mammary cancer. PMID:26251596

Sub-100 nm Gold Nanomatryoshkas Improve Photo-thermal Therapy Efficacy in Large and Highly Aggressive Triple Negative Breast Tumors

PubMed Central

Bishnoi, Sandra; Urban, Alexander; Charron, Heather; Mitchell, Tamika; Shea, Martin; Nanda, Sarmistha; Schiff, Rachel; Halas, Naomi; Joshi, Amit

2014-01-01

There is an unmet need for efficient near-infrared photothermal transducers for the treatment of highly aggressive cancers and large tumors where the penetration of light can be substantially reduced, and the intra-tumoral nanoparticle transport is restricted due to the presence of hypoxic or nectrotic regions. We report the performance advantages obtained by sub 100 nm gold nanomatryushkas, comprising of concentric gold-silica-gold layers compared to conventional ~150 nm silica core gold nanoshells for photothermal therapy of triple negative breast cancer. We demonstrate that a 33% reduction in silica-core-gold-shell nanoparticle size, while retaining near-infrared plasmon resonance, and keeping the nanoparticle surface charge constant, results in a four to five fold tumor accumulation of nanoparticles following equal dose of injected gold for both sizes. The survival time of mice bearing large (>1000 mm3) and highly aggressive triple negative breast tumors is doubled for the nanomatryushka treatment group under identical photo-thermal therapy conditions. The higher absorption cross-section of a nanomatryoshka results in a higher efficiency of photonic to thermal energy conversion and coupled with 4-5X accumulation within large tumors results in superior therapy efficacy. PMID:25051221

Fluorine-free preparation of titanium carbide MXene quantum dots with high near-infrared photothermal performances for cancer therapy.

PubMed

Yu, Xinghua; Cai, Xingke; Cui, Haodong; Lee, Seung-Wuk; Yu, Xue-Feng; Liu, Bilu

2017-11-23

Titanium carbide MXene quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized using an effective fluorine-free method as a biocompatible and highly efficient nanoagent for photothermal therapy (PTT) applications. In contrast to the traditional, hazardous and time-consuming process of HF pretreatment, our fluorine-free method is safe and simple. More importantly, abundant Al oxoanions were found to be modified on the MXene QD surface by the fluorine-free method, which endowed the QDs with strong and broad absorption in the NIR region. As a result, the as-prepared MXene QDs exhibited an extinction coefficient as large as 52.8 Lg -1 cm -1 at 808 nm and a photothermal conversion efficiency as high as 52.2%. Both the values are among the best reported so far. The as-prepared MXene QDs achieved simultaneous photoacoustic (PA) imaging and the remarkable PTT effect of tumors. Moreover, MXene QDs showed great biocompatibility without causing noticeable toxicity in vitro and in vivo, indicating their high potential for clinical applications.

The influence of cellular uptake on gold nanorods photostability and photoacoustic conversion efficiency

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cavigli, Lucia; Ratto, Fulvio; Tatini, Francesca; Matteini, Paolo; Cini, Alberto; Giovannelli, Ilaria; de Angelis, Marella; Rossi, Francesca; Centi, Sonia; Pini, Roberto

2015-03-01

Their intense optical absorbance in the near-infrared window and chemical versatility make gold nanorods attractive for biomedical applications, such as photothermal therapies and photoacoustic imaging. However, their limited photostability remains a drawback of practical concern. In fact, when gold nanorods are irradiated with nanosecond laser pulses in resonance with their plasmon oscillations, there may occur reshaping into spherical particles or even fragmentation at higher optical fluences, which cause substantial modifications of their optical features with a loss of photoacoustic conversion efficiency. In this contribution, we focus on how the gold nanorods photostability is affected when these particles are modified for cellular uptake, by investigating their stability and photoacoustic conversion efficiency under near infrared pulsed irradiation at different laser fluences.

Photothermally Activated Pyroelectric Polymer Films for Harvesting of Solar Heat with a Hybrid Energy Cell Structure.

PubMed

Park, Teahoon; Na, Jongbeom; Kim, Byeonggwan; Kim, Younghoon; Shin, Haijin; Kim, Eunkyoung

2015-12-22

Photothermal effects in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)s (PEDOTs) were explored for pyroelectric conversion. A poled ferroelectric film was coated on both sides with PEDOT via solution casting polymerization of EDOT, to give highly conductive and effective photothermal thin films of PEDOT. The PEDOT films not only provided heat source upon light exposure but worked as electrodes for the output energy from the pyroelectric layer in an energy harvester hybridized with a thermoelectric layer. Compared to a bare thermoelectric system under NIR irradiation, the photothermal-pyro-thermoelectric device showed more than 6 times higher thermoelectric output with the additional pyroelectric output. The photothermally driven pyroelectric harvesting film provided a very fast electric output with a high voltage output (Vout) of 15 V. The pyroelectric effect was significant due to the transparent and high photothermal PEDOT film, which could also work as an electrode. A hybrid energy harvester was assembled to enhance photoconversion efficiency (PCE) of a solar cell with a thermoelectric device operated by the photothermally generated heat. The PCE was increased more than 20% under sunlight irradiation (AM 1.5G) utilizing the transmitted light through the photovoltaic cell as a heat source that was converted into pyroelectric and thermoelectric output simultaneously from the high photothermal PEDOT electrodes. Overall, this work provides a dynamic and static hybrid energy cell to harvest solar energy in full spectral range and thermal energy, to allow solar powered switching of an electrochromic display.

Near-infrared-absorbing gold nanopopcorns with iron oxide cluster core for magnetically amplified photothermal and photodynamic cancer therapy.

PubMed

Bhana, Saheel; Lin, Gan; Wang, Lijia; Starring, Hunter; Mishra, Sanjay R; Liu, Gang; Huang, Xiaohua

2015-06-03

We present the synthesis and application of a new type of dual magnetic and plasmonic nanostructures for magnetic-field-guided drug delivery and combined photothermal and photodynamic cancer therapy. Near-infrared-absorbing gold nanopopcorns containing a self-assembled iron oxide cluster core were prepared via a seed-mediated growth method. The hybrid nanostructures are superparamagnetic and show great photothermal conversion efficiency (η=61%) under near-infrared irradiation. Compact and stable nanocomplexes for photothermal-photodynamic therapy were formed by coating the nanoparticles with near-infrared-absorbing photosensitizer silicon 2,3-naphthalocyannie dihydroxide and stabilization with poly(ethylene glycol) linked with 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid. The nanocomplex showed enhanced release and cellular uptake of the photosensitizer with the use of a gradient magnetic field. In vitro studies using two different cell lines showed that the dual mode photothermal and photodynamic therapy with the assistance of magnetic-field-guided drug delivery dramatically improved the therapeutic efficacy of cancer cells as compared to the combination treatment without using a magnetic field and the two treatments alone. The "three-in-one" nanocomplex has the potential to carry therapeutic agents deep into a tumor through magnetic manipulation and to completely eradicate tumors by subsequent photothermal and photodynamic therapies without systemic toxicity.

Facile synthesis of soybean phospholipid-encapsulated MoS2 nanosheets for efficient in vitro and in vivo photothermal regression of breast tumor

PubMed Central

Li, Xiang; Gong, Yun; Zhou, Xiaoqian; Jin, Hui; Yan, Huanhuan; Wang, Shige; Liu, Jun

2016-01-01

Two-dimensional MoS2 nanosheet has been extensively explored as a photothermal agent for tumor regression; however, its surface modification remains a great challenge. Herein, as an alternative to surface polyethylene glycol modification (PEGylation), a facile approach based on “thin-film” strategy has been proposed for the first time to produce soybean phospholipid-encapsulated MoS2 (SP-MoS2) nanosheets. By simply vacuum-treating MoS2 nanosheets/soybean phospholipid/chloroform dispersion in a rotary evaporator, SP-MoS2 nanosheet was successfully constructed. Owing to the steric hindrance of polymer chains, the surface-coated soybean phospholipid endowed MoS2 nanosheets with excellent colloidal stability. Without showing detectable in vitro and in vivo hemolysis, coagulation, and cyto-/histotoxicity, the constructed SP-MoS2 nanosheets showed good photothermal conversion performance and photothermal stability. SP-MoS2 nanosheet was shown to be a promising platform for in vitro and in vivo breast tumor photothermal therapy. The produced SP-MoS2 nanosheets featured low cost, simple fabrication, and good in vivo hemo-/histocompatibility and hold promising potential for future clinical tumor therapy. PMID:27199557

Spherically-clustered porous Au-Ag alloy nanoparticle prepared by partial inhibition of galvanic replacement and its application for efficient multimodal therapy.

PubMed

Jang, Hongje; Min, Dal-Hee

2015-03-24

The polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated spherically clustered porous gold-silver alloy nanoparticle (PVP-SPAN) was prepared by low temperature mediated, partially inhibited galvanic replacement reaction followed by silver etching process. The prepared porous nanostructures exhibited excellent photothermal conversion efficiency under irradiation of near-infrared light (NIR) and allowed a high payload of both doxorubicin (Dox) and thiolated dye-labeled oligonucleotide, DNAzyme (FDz). Especially, PVP-SPAN provided 10 times higher loading capacity for oligonucleotide than conventional hollow nanoshells due to increased pore diameter and surface-to-volume ratio. We demonstrated highly efficient chemo-thermo-gene multitherapy based on codelivery of Dox and FDz with NIR-mediated photothermal therapeutic effect using a model system of hepatitis C virus infected human liver cells (Huh7 human hepatocarcinoma cell line containing hepatitis C virus NS3 gene replicon) compared to conventional hollow nanoshells.

Solar energy conversion with tunable plasmonic nanostructures for thermoelectric devices.

PubMed

Xiong, Yujie; Long, Ran; Liu, Dong; Zhong, Xiaolan; Wang, Chengming; Li, Zhi-Yuan; Xie, Yi

2012-08-07

The photothermal effect in localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) should be fully utilized when integrating plasmonics into solar technologies for improved light absorption. In this communication, we demonstrate that the photothermal effect of silver nanostructures can provide a heat source for thermoelectric devices for the first time. The plasmonic band of silver nanostructures can be facilely manoeuvred by tailoring their shapes, enabling them to interact with photons in different spectral ranges for the efficient utilization of solar light. It is anticipated that this concept can be extended to design a photovoltaic-thermoelectric tandem cell structure with plasmonics as mediation for light harvesting.

Reducing Agent-Assisted Excessive Galvanic Replacement Mediated Seed-Mediated Synthesis of Porous Gold Nanoplates and Highly Efficient Gene-Thermo Cancer Therapy.

PubMed

Kang, Seounghun; Kang, Kyunglee; Huh, Hyun; Kim, Hyungjun; Chang, Sung-Jin; Park, Tae Jung; Chang, Ki Soo; Min, Dal-Hee; Jang, Hongje

2017-10-11

Porous Au nanoplates (pAuNPs) were manufactured by a reducing agent-assisted galvanic replacement reaction on Ag nanoplates using a seed-mediated synthetic approach. Two core additives, poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and l-ascorbic acid, prevented fragmentation and proceeded secondary growth. By controlling the concentration of the additives and the amount of replacing ion AuCl 4 - , various nanostructures including nanoplates with holes, nanoframes, porous nanoplates, and bumpy nanoparticles with unity and homogeneity were synthesized. The present synthetic method is advantageous, because it can be used to manufacture pAuNPs with ease, robustness, and convenience. The prepared pAuNPs exhibited a highly efficient photothermal conversion effect and cargo loading capacity on exposed surfaces by Au-thiol linkage. By using dual cargo mixed loading of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) targeting gene drug DNAzyme and cell-penetrating peptide TAT onto the surface of the pAuNPs and photothermal conversion-mediated hyperthermic treatment, successful gene-thermo therapy against HCV genomic human hepatocarcinoma cells were demonstrated.

A Plasmonic Gold Nanostar Theranostic Probe for In Vivo Tumor Imaging and Photothermal Therapy

PubMed Central

Liu, Yang; Ashton, Jeffrey R.; Moding, Everett J.; Yuan, Hsiangkuo; Register, Janna K.; Fales, Andrew M.; Choi, Jaeyeon; Whitley, Melodi J.; Zhao, Xiaoguang; Qi, Yi; Ma, Yan; Vaidyanathan, Ganesan; Zalutsky, Michael R.; Kirsch, David G.; Badea, Cristian T.; Vo-Dinh, Tuan

2015-01-01

Nanomedicine has attracted increasing attention in recent years, because it offers great promise to provide personalized diagnostics and therapy with improved treatment efficacy and specificity. In this study, we developed a gold nanostar (GNS) probe for multi-modality theranostics including surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection, x-ray computed tomography (CT), two-photon luminescence (TPL) imaging, and photothermal therapy (PTT). We performed radiolabeling, as well as CT and optical imaging, to investigate the GNS probe's biodistribution and intratumoral uptake at both macroscopic and microscopic scales. We also characterized the performance of the GNS nanoprobe for in vitro photothermal heating and in vivo photothermal ablation of primary sarcomas in mice. The results showed that 30-nm GNS have higher tumor uptake, as well as deeper penetration into tumor interstitial space compared to 60-nm GNS. In addition, we found that a higher injection dose of GNS can increase the percentage of tumor uptake. We also demonstrated the GNS probe's superior photothermal conversion efficiency with a highly concentrated heating effect due to a tip-enhanced plasmonic effect. In vivo photothermal therapy with a near-infrared (NIR) laser under the maximum permissible exposure (MPE) led to ablation of aggressive tumors containing GNS, but had no effect in the absence of GNS. This multifunctional GNS probe has the potential to be used for in vivo biosensing, preoperative CT imaging, intraoperative detection with optical methods (SERS and TPL), as well as image-guided photothermal therapy. PMID:26155311

Photo-thermal characteristics of hybrid nanofluids based on Therminol-55 oil for concentrating solar collectors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gulzar, Ovais; Qayoum, Adnan; Gupta, Rajat

2018-03-01

Hybrid nanofluids are the new generation efficient heat transfer fluids allowing greater control over the properties of base fluid as compared to mono-nanofluids. In this study, attempt has been made for increasing the efficiency for photo-thermal conversion by heat transfer fluid for high temperature solar collectors. Therminol-55, a high temperature heat transfer fluid is doped with Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoparticles with an aim to improve the thermal and optical properties. Effects of concentration and type of nanoparticle on photo-thermal conversion properties and absorbance in Therminol-55 have been studied. Spectrophotometric analysis has been carried for all nanofluids, namely, Al2O3-Therminol-55, TiO2-Therminol-55 and hybrid (Al2O3-TiO2)-Therminol-55 nanofluids with varying concentrations of 0.05, 0.075, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 wt%. It was found that TiO2 nanofluids possess the maximum absorbance with minimal effect of nanoparticle concentration above 0.1 wt% followed by hybrid (Al2O3-TiO2) nanofluid (HNF) with strong dependence of concentration. Al2O3-Therminol-55 nanofluids exhibited least absorbance. The peak values of absorbance are 0.47, 2.15 and 2.144 in the visible region for Al2O3-Therminol-55, TiO2-Therminol-55 and hybrid (Al2O3-TiO2)-Therminol-55 nanofluids, respectively. It was observed that hybrid nanofluids show both bathochromic and hyperchromic shifts. Further, performance testing has been carried out using artificial source of light and it has been observed that hybrid nanofluids provide efficient photo-thermal conversion as compared to TiO2 and Al2O3-Therminol-55 nanofluids. Maximum temperatures of 152.9, 149.6, 158.6 °C were observed for 0.5 wt% Al2O3-Therminol-55, 0.1 wt% TiO2-Therminol-55, and 0.5 wt% hybrid (Al2O3-TiO2) nanofluid, respectively, against 125.8 °C of Therminol-55. Hybrid nanofluids based on Therminol-55 could be a potential candidate for high temperature concentrating collectors based on the superior properties over mono-nanofluids and base fluid.

PEDOT nanocomposites mediated dual-modal photodynamic and photothermal targeted sterilization in both NIR I and II window.

PubMed

Li, Luoyuan; Liu, Yuxin; Hao, Panlong; Wang, Zhangguo; Fu, Limin; Ma, Zhanfang; Zhou, Jing

2015-02-01

PEDOT nanoparticles with a suitable nanosize of 17.2 nm, broad adsorption from 700 to 1250 nm, and photothermal conversion efficiency (η) of 71.1%, were synthesized using an environmentally friendly hydrothermal method. Due to the electrostatic attraction between indocyanine green (ICG) and PEDOT, the stability of ICG in aqueous solution was effectively improved. The PEDOT nanoparticles modified with glutaraldehyde (GTA) targeted bacteria directly, and MTT experiments demonstrated the low toxicity of PEDOT:ICG@PEG-GTA in different bacteria and cells. Pathogenic bacteria were effectively killed by photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) with PEDOT:ICG@PEG-GTA in the presence of near-infrared (NIR) irradiation (808 nm for PDT, and 1064 nm for PTT). The combination of the two different bacteriostatic methods was significantly more effective than PTT or PDT alone. The obtained PEDOT:ICG@PEG-GTA may be used as a novel synergistic agent in combination photodynamic and photothermal therapy to inactivate pathogenic bacteria in both the NIR I and II window. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Biodegradable Photonic Melanoidin for Theranostic Applications.

PubMed

Lee, Min-Young; Lee, Changho; Jung, Ho Sang; Jeon, Mansik; Kim, Ki Su; Yun, Seok Hyun; Kim, Chulhong; Hahn, Sei Kwang

2016-01-26

Light-absorbing nanoparticles for localized heat generation in tissues have various biomedical applications in diagnostic imaging, surgery, and therapies. Although numerous plasmonic and carbon-based nanoparticles with strong optical absorption have been developed, their clearance, potential cytotoxicity, and long-term safety issues remain unresolved. Here, we show that "generally regarded as safe (GRAS)" melanoidins prepared from glucose and amino acid offer a high light-to-heat conversion efficiency, biocompatibility, biodegradability, nonmutagenicity, and efficient renal clearance, as well as a low cost for synthesis. We exhibit a wide range of biomedical photonic applications of melanoidins, including in vivo photoacoustic mapping of sentinel lymph nodes, photoacoustic tracking of gastrointestinal tracts, photothermal cancer therapy, and photothermal lipolysis. The biodegradation rate and renal clearance of melanoidins are controllable by design. Our results confirm the feasibility of biodegradable melanoidins for various photonic applications to theranostic nanomedicines.

Pd Nanocubes@ZIF-8: Integration of Plasmon-Driven Photothermal Conversion with a Metal-Organic Framework for Efficient and Selective Catalysis.

PubMed

Yang, Qihao; Xu, Qiang; Yu, Shu-Hong; Jiang, Hai-Long

2016-03-07

Composite nanomaterials usually possess synergetic properties resulting from the respective components and can be used for a wide range of applications. In this work, a Pd nanocubes@ZIF-8 composite material has been rationally fabricated by encapsulation of the Pd nanocubes in ZIF-8, a common metal-organic framework (MOF). This composite was used for the efficient and selective catalytic hydrogenation of olefins at room temperature under 1 atm H2 and light irradiation, and benefits from plasmonic photothermal effects of the Pd nanocube cores while the ZIF-8 shell plays multiple roles; it accelerates the reaction by H2 enrichment, acts as a "molecular sieve" for olefins with specific sizes, and stabilizes the Pd cores. Remarkably, the catalytic efficiency of a reaction under 60 mW cm(-2) full-spectrum or 100 mW cm(-2) visible-light irradiation at room temperature turned out to be comparable to that of a process driven by heating at 50 °C. Furthermore, the catalyst remained stable and could be easily recycled. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first combination of the photothermal effects of metal nanocrystals with the favorable properties of MOFs for efficient and selective catalysis. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Degradable Hollow Mesoporous Silicon/Carbon Nanoparticles for Photoacoustic Imaging-Guided Highly Effective Chemo-Thermal Tumor Therapy in Vitro and in Vivo

PubMed Central

Zhang, Jinfeng; Zhang, Jun; Li, Wenyue; Chen, Rui; Zhang, Zhenyu; Zhang, Wenjun; Tang, Yongbing; Chen, Xiaoyuan; Liu, Gang; Lee, Chun-Sing

2017-01-01

The development of nanoscaled theranostic agents for cancer combination therapies has received intensive attention in recent years. In this report, a degradable hollow mesoporous PEG-Si/C-DOX NP is designed and fabricated for pH-responsive, photoacoustic imaging-guided highly effective chemo-thermal combination therapy. The intrinsic hollow mesoporous structure endows the as-synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) with a high drug loading capacity (31.1%). Under NIR (808 nm) irradiation, the photothermal conversion efficiency of the Si/C NPs is as high as 40.7%. Preferential accumulation of the PEG-Si/C-DOX NPs around tumor tissue was demonstrated with photoacoustic images. Cellular internalization of the NPs and release of the DOX in nuclei are shown with fluorescent images. With efficient NIR photothermal conversion and high DOX loading capacity, the PEG-Si/C-DOX NPs are demonstrated to have remarkable cancer-cell-killing ability and to achieve complete in vivo tumor elimination via combinational chemo-thermal therapy. Last but not least, the NPs show good biodegradability and biosafety, making them a promising candidate for multifunctional drug delivery and cancer theranostic. PMID:28839460

Controlled formation of intense hot spots in Pd@Ag core-shell nanooctapods for efficient photothermal conversion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Maochang; Yang, Yang; Li, Naixu; Du, Yuanchang; Song, Dongxing; Ma, Lijing; Wang, Yi; Zheng, Yiqun; Jing, Dengwei

2017-08-01

Plasmonic Ag nanostructures have been of great interest for such applications in cancer therapy and catalysis, etc. However, the relatively week Ag-Ag interaction and spontaneous atom diffusion make it very difficult to generate concaved or branched structures in Ag nanocrystals with sizes less than 100 nm, which has been considered very favorable for plasmonic effects. Herein, by employing a cubic Pd seed and a specific reducing agent to restrict the surface diffusion of Ag atoms, Pd@Ag core-shell nanooctapod structures where Ag atoms can be selectively deposited onto the corner sites of the Pd cubes were obtained. Such selective decoration enables us to precisely control the locations for the hot spot formation during light irradiation. We find that the branched nanooctapod structure shows strong absorption in the visible-light region and generates intense hot spots around the octapod arms of Ag. As such, the photothermal conversion efficiency could be significantly improved by more than 50% with a colloid solution containing only ppm-level nanooctapods compared with pure water. The reported nanostructure is expected to find extensive applications due to its controlled formation of light-induced hot spots at certain points on the crystal surface.

Tungsten Oxide Nanorods: An Efficient Nanoplatform for Tumor CT Imaging and Photothermal Therapy

PubMed Central

Zhou, Zhiguo; Kong, Bin; Yu, Chao; Shi, Xiangyang; Wang, Mingwei; Liu, Wei; Sun, Yanan; Zhang, Yingjian; Yang, Hong; Yang, Shiping

2014-01-01

We report here a facile thermal decomposition approach to creating tungsten oxide nanorods (WO2.9 NRs) with a length of 13.1 ± 3.6 nm and a diameter of 4.4 ± 1.5 nm for tumor theranostic applications. The formed WO2.9 NRs were modified with methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) carboxyl acid via ligand exchange to have good water dispersability and biocompatibility. With the high photothermal conversion efficiency irradiated by a 980 nm laser and the better X-ray attenuation property than clinically used computed tomography (CT) contrast agent Iohexol, the formed PEGylated WO2.9 NRs are able to inhibit the growth of the model cancer cells in vitro and the corresponding tumor model in vivo, and enable effective CT imaging of the tumor model in vivo. Our “killing two birds with one stone” strategy could be extended for fabricating other nanoplatforms for efficient tumor theranostic applications. PMID:24413483

Modelling and characterization of photothermal effects assisted with gold nanorods in ex vivo samples and in a murine model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lamela Rivera, Horacio; Rodríguez Jara, Félix; Cunningham, Vincent

2011-03-01

We discuss in this article the implementation of a laser-tissue interaction and bioheat-transfer 2-D finite-element model for Photothermal Therapy assisted with Gold Nanorods. We have selected Gold Nanorods as absorbing nanostructures in order to improve the efficiency of using compact diode lasers because of their high opto-thermal conversion efficiency at 808 and 850 nm. The goal is to model the distribution of the optical energy among the tissue including the skin absorption effects and the tissue thermal response, with and without the presence of Gold Nanorods. The heat generation due to the optical energy absorption and the thermal propagation will be computationally modeled and optimized. The model has been evaluated and compared with experimental ex-vivo data in fresh chicken muscle samples and in-vivo BALB/c mice animal model.

Switchable photovoltaic windows enabled by reversible photothermal complex dissociation from methylammonium lead iodide

DOE PAGES

Wheeler, Lance M.; Moore, David T.; Ihly, Rachelle; ...

2017-11-23

Materials with switchable absorption properties have been widely used for smart window applications to reduce energy consumption and enhance occupant comfort in buildings. In this work, we combine the benefits of smart windows with energy conversion by producing a photovoltaic device with a switchable absorber layer that dynamically responds to sunlight. Upon illumination, photothermal heating switches the absorber layer - composed of a metal halide perovskite-methylamine complex - from a transparent state (68% visible transmittance) to an absorbing, photovoltaic colored state (less than 3% visible transmittance) due to dissociation of methylamine. After cooling, the methylamine complex is re-formed, returning themore » absorber layer to the transparent state in which the device acts as a window to visible light. The thermodynamics of switching and performance of the device are described. In conclusion, this work validates a photovoltaic window technology that circumvents the fundamental tradeoff between efficient solar conversion and high visible light transmittance that limits conventional semitransparent PV window designs.« less

High efficient photothermal energy conversion of topologic insulator Bi2Se3 nanosheets thin film

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Yanling; Zhang, Yanbang; Zhao, Zejia; Jia, Guozhi

2018-05-01

The photothermal conversion has become rather attractive to realize the heat energy application. A simple, rapid and scalable optical-controlling Bi2Se3 nanosheets film heater is prepared by softly nondestructive rubbing technology and then transferring to PET substrate under the assistance of PVA. The optical-controlling film heater exhibits the excellent adjustability, accuracy and stability of temperature. The film heater is first tested by using laser irradiation at 410 mW and the corresponding temperature rapidly increased to the 53.2 °C for SThin film and 73.2 °C for SThick film during 50 seconds. The SThin and SThick film display a transmittance of 40% to 60% from the visible to near-IR region, respectively. As-prepared optical-controlling Bi2Se3 film heater can be easily integrated to optical or photo-electric device without preparation of electrode. These exotic properties of Bi2Se3 nanosheets optical-controlling heater suggest exciting prospects for the temperature-dependent flexible optoelectronics and electronic device.

Switchable photovoltaic windows enabled by reversible photothermal complex dissociation from methylammonium lead iodide.

PubMed

Wheeler, Lance M; Moore, David T; Ihly, Rachelle; Stanton, Noah J; Miller, Elisa M; Tenent, Robert C; Blackburn, Jeffrey L; Neale, Nathan R

2017-11-23

Materials with switchable absorption properties have been widely used for smart window applications to reduce energy consumption and enhance occupant comfort in buildings. In this work, we combine the benefits of smart windows with energy conversion by producing a photovoltaic device with a switchable absorber layer that dynamically responds to sunlight. Upon illumination, photothermal heating switches the absorber layer-composed of a metal halide perovskite-methylamine complex-from a transparent state (68% visible transmittance) to an absorbing, photovoltaic colored state (less than 3% visible transmittance) due to dissociation of methylamine. After cooling, the methylamine complex is re-formed, returning the absorber layer to the transparent state in which the device acts as a window to visible light. The thermodynamics of switching and performance of the device are described. This work validates a photovoltaic window technology that circumvents the fundamental tradeoff between efficient solar conversion and high visible light transmittance that limits conventional semitransparent PV window designs.

Switchable photovoltaic windows enabled by reversible photothermal complex dissociation from methylammonium lead iodide

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wheeler, Lance M.; Moore, David T.; Ihly, Rachelle

Materials with switchable absorption properties have been widely used for smart window applications to reduce energy consumption and enhance occupant comfort in buildings. In this work, we combine the benefits of smart windows with energy conversion by producing a photovoltaic device with a switchable absorber layer that dynamically responds to sunlight. Upon illumination, photothermal heating switches the absorber layer - composed of a metal halide perovskite-methylamine complex - from a transparent state (68% visible transmittance) to an absorbing, photovoltaic colored state (less than 3% visible transmittance) due to dissociation of methylamine. After cooling, the methylamine complex is re-formed, returning themore » absorber layer to the transparent state in which the device acts as a window to visible light. The thermodynamics of switching and performance of the device are described. In conclusion, this work validates a photovoltaic window technology that circumvents the fundamental tradeoff between efficient solar conversion and high visible light transmittance that limits conventional semitransparent PV window designs.« less

NIR-to-NIR Deep Penetrating Nanoplatforms Y2O3:Nd3+/Yb3+@SiO2@Cu2S toward Highly Efficient Photothermal Ablation.

PubMed

Zhang, Zhiyu; Suo, Hao; Zhao, Xiaoqi; Sun, Dan; Fan, Li; Guo, Chongfeng

2018-05-02

A difunctional nano-photothermal therapy (PTT) platform with near-infrared excitation to near-infrared emission (NIR-to-NIR) was constructed through core-shell structures Y 2 O 3 :Nd 3+ /Yb 3+ @SiO 2 @Cu 2 S (YRSC), in which the core Y 2 O 3 :Nd 3+ /Yb 3+ and shell Cu 2 S play the role of bioimaging and photothermal conversion function, respectively. The structure and composition of the present PTT agents (PTAs) were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectra. The NIR emissions of samples in the biological window area were measured by photoluminescence spectra under the excitation of 808 nm laser; further, the penetration depth of NIR emission at different wavelengths in biological tissue was also demonstrated by comparing with visible (vis) emission from Y 2 O 3 :Yb 3+ /Er 3+ @SiO 2 @Cu 2 S and NIR emission from YRSC through different injection depths in pork muscle tissues. The photo-thermal conversion effects were achieved through the outer ultrasmall Cu 2 S nanoparticles simultaneously absorb NIR light emission from the core Y 2 O 3 :Nd 3+/ Yb 3+ and the 808 nm excitation source to generate heat. Further, the heating effect of YRSC nanoparticles was confirmed by thermal imaging and ablation of YRSC to Escherichia coli and human hepatoma (HepG-2) cells. Results indicate that the YRSC has potential applications in PTT and NIR imaging in biological tissue.

HSA/PSS coated gold nanorods as thermo-triggered drug delivery vehicles for combined cancer photothermal therapy and chemotherapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tu, Ting-Yu; Yang, Shu-Jyuan; Wang, Chung-Hao; Lee, Shin-Yu; Shieh, Ming-Jium

2018-02-01

Drug delivery systems combined multimodal therapy strategies are very promising in cancer theranostic applications. In this work, a new drug-delivery vehicles based on human serum albumin (HSA)-coated gold nanorods (GNR/PSS/HSA NPs) was developed. The success of coating was verified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Furthermore, it is demonstrated that doxorubicin (DOX) is successfully loaded among multilayered gold nanorods by the electrostatic and hydrophobic force, and DOX@GNR/PSS/HSA NPs were highly biocompatible and stable in various physiological solutions. The NPs possess strong absorbance in nearinfrared (NIR) region, and high photothermal conversion efficiency for outstanding photothermal therapy applications. A bimodal drug release triggered by proteinase or NIR irradiation has been revealed, resulting in a significant chemotherapeutic effect in tumor sites because of the preferential drug accumulation and triggered release. Importantly, the in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that DOX@GNR/PSS/HSA NPs, which combined photothermal and chemotherapy for cancer therapy, revealing a remarkably superior synergistic anticancer effect over either monotherapy. All these results suggested a considerable potential of DOX@GNR/PSS/HSA NPs nano-platform for antitumor therapy.

Laser generated gold nanocorals with broadband plasmon absorption for photothermal applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Poletti, Annamaria; Fracasso, Giulio; Conti, Giamaica; Pilot, Roberto; Amendola, Vincenzo

2015-08-01

Gold nanoparticles with efficient plasmon absorption in the visible and near infrared (NIR) regions, biocompatibility and easy surface functionalization are of interest for photothermal applications. Herein we describe the synthesis and photothermal properties of gold ``nanocorals'' (AuNC) obtained by laser irradiation of Au nanospheres (AuNS) dispersed in liquid solution. AuNC are formed in two stages: by photofragmentation of AuNS, followed by spontaneous unidirectional assembly of gold nanocrystals. The whole procedure is performed without chemicals or templating compounds, hence the AuNC can be coated with thiolated molecules in one step. We show that AuNC coated with thiolated polymers are easily dispersed in an aqueous environment or in organic solvents and can be included in polymeric matrixes to yield a plasmonic nanocomposite. AuNC dispersions exhibit flat broadband plasmon absorption ranging from the visible to the NIR and unitary light-to-heat conversion. Besides, in vitro biocompatibility experiments assessed the absence of cytotoxic effects even at a dose as high as 100 μg mL-1. These safe-by-designed AuNC are promising for use in various applications such as photothermal cancer therapy, light-triggered drug release, antimicrobial substrates, optical tomography, obscurant materials and optical coatings.

Natural Humic-Acid-Based Phototheranostic Agent.

PubMed

Miao, Zhao-Hua; Li, Kai; Liu, Pei-Ying; Li, Zhenglin; Yang, Huanjie; Zhao, Qingliang; Chang, Manli; Yang, Qingzhu; Zhen, Liang; Xu, Cheng-Yan

2018-04-01

Humic acids, a major constituent of natural organic carbon resources, are naturally formed through the microbial biodegradation of animal and plant residues. Due to numerous physiologically active groups (phenol, carboxyl, and quinone), the biomedical applications of humic acid have been already investigated across different cultures for several centuries or even longer. In this work, sodium humate, the sodium salt of humic acid, is explored as phototheranostic agent for light-induced photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy based on intrinsic absorption in the near-infrared region. The purified colloidal sodium humate exhibits a high photothermal conversion efficiency up to 76.3%, much higher than that of the majority of state-of-the-art photothermal agents including gold nanorods, Cu 9 S 5 nanoparticles, antimonene quantum dots, and black phosphorus quantum dots, leading to obvious photoacoustic enhancement in vitro and in vivo. Besides, highly effective photothermal ablation of HeLa tumor is achieved through intratumoral injection. Impressively, sodium humate reveals ultralow toxicity at the cellular and animal levels. This work promises the great potential of humic acids as light-mediated theranostic agents, thus expanding the application scope of traditional humic acids in biomedical field. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Statistical thermodynamics foundation for photovoltaic and photothermal conversion. II. Application to photovoltaic conversion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Badescu, Viorel; Landsberg, Peter T.

1995-08-01

The general theory developed in part I was applied to build up two models of photovoltaic conversion. To this end two different systems were analyzed. The first system consists of the whole absorber (converter), for which the balance equations for energy and entropy are written and then used to derive an upper bound for solar energy conversion. The second system covers a part of the absorber (converter), namely the valence and conduction electronic bands. The balance of energy is used in this case to derive, under additional assumptions, another upper limit for the conversion efficiency. This second system deals with the real location where the power is generated. Both models take into consideration the radiation polarization and reflection, and the effects of concentration. The second model yields a more accurate upper bound for the conversion efficiency. A generalized solar cell equation is derived. It is proved that other previous theories are particular cases of the present more general formalism.

Light triggered interfacial damage self-healing of poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) fiber composites.

PubMed

Hu, Zhen; Shao, Qing; Huang, Yudong; Yu, Long; Zhang, Dayu; Xu, Xirong; Lin, Jing; Liu, Hu; Guo, Zhanhu

2018-05-04

The interfacial microcracks in the resin matrix composites are difficult to be detected and repaired. However, the self-healing concept provides opportunities to fabricate composites with unusual properties. In the present study, photothermal conversion Ag-Cu 2 S nanoparticles were immobilized onto poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fibers via a polydopamine chemistry. Benefitting from the photothermal effects of Ag-Cu 2 S, the obtained PBO fibers (Ag-Cu 2 S-PBO) efficiently converted the light energy into heat under Xenon lamp irradiation. Then, single PBO fiber composites were prepared using thermoplastic polyurethane as the matrix. It was found that the interfacial damage caused by single fiber pull-out was simply self-healed by Xe light irradiation. This wonderful interfacial damage self-healing property was mainly attributed to the in situ heating generation via photothermal effects of Ag-Cu 2 S in the composite interface. This paper reports a novel strategy to construct advanced composites with light-triggered self-healing properties, which will provide inspiration for preparing high performance composite materials.

Biodegradable gold nanovesicles with an ultrastrong plasmonic coupling effect for photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy.

PubMed

Huang, Peng; Lin, Jing; Li, Wanwan; Rong, Pengfei; Wang, Zhe; Wang, Shouju; Wang, Xiaoping; Sun, Xiaolian; Aronova, Maria; Niu, Gang; Leapman, Richard D; Nie, Zhihong; Chen, Xiaoyuan

2013-12-23

The hierarchical assembly of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) allows the localized surface plasmon resonance peaks to be engineered to the near-infrared (NIR) region for enhanced photothermal therapy (PTT). Herein we report a novel theranostic platform based on biodegradable plasmonic gold nanovesicles for photoacoustic (PA) imaging and PTT. The disulfide bond at the terminus of a PEG-b-PCL block-copolymer graft enables dense packing of GNPs during the assembly process and induces ultrastrong plasmonic coupling between adjacent GNPs. The strong NIR absorption induced by plasmon coupling and very high photothermal conversion efficiency (η=37%) enable simultaneous thermal/PA imaging and enhanced PTT efficacy with improved clearance of the dissociated particles after the completion of PTT. The assembly of various nanocrystals with tailored optical, magnetic, and electronic properties into vesicle architectures opens new possibilities for the construction of multifunctional biodegradable platforms for biomedical applications. Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Light triggered interfacial damage self-healing of poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) fiber composites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, Zhen; Shao, Qing; Huang, Yudong; Yu, Long; Zhang, Dayu; Xu, Xirong; Lin, Jing; Liu, Hu; Guo, Zhanhu

2018-05-01

The interfacial microcracks in the resin matrix composites are difficult to be detected and repaired. However, the self-healing concept provides opportunities to fabricate composites with unusual properties. In the present study, photothermal conversion Ag-Cu2S nanoparticles were immobilized onto poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fibers via a polydopamine chemistry. Benefitting from the photothermal effects of Ag-Cu2S, the obtained PBO fibers (Ag-Cu2S-PBO) efficiently converted the light energy into heat under Xenon lamp irradiation. Then, single PBO fiber composites were prepared using thermoplastic polyurethane as the matrix. It was found that the interfacial damage caused by single fiber pull-out was simply self-healed by Xe light irradiation. This wonderful interfacial damage self-healing property was mainly attributed to the in situ heating generation via photothermal effects of Ag-Cu2S in the composite interface. This paper reports a novel strategy to construct advanced composites with light-triggered self-healing properties, which will provide inspiration for preparing high performance composite materials.

Efficient Solar-Thermal Energy Harvest Driven by Interfacial Plasmonic Heating-Assisted Evaporation.

PubMed

Chang, Chao; Yang, Chao; Liu, Yanming; Tao, Peng; Song, Chengyi; Shang, Wen; Wu, Jianbo; Deng, Tao

2016-09-07

The plasmonic heating effect of noble nanoparticles has recently received tremendous attention for various important applications. Herein, we report the utilization of interfacial plasmonic heating-assisted evaporation for efficient and facile solar-thermal energy harvest. An airlaid paper-supported gold nanoparticle thin film was placed at the thermal energy conversion region within a sealed chamber to convert solar energy into thermal energy. The generated thermal energy instantly vaporizes the water underneath into hot vapors that quickly diffuse to the thermal energy release region of the chamber to condense into liquids and release the collected thermal energy. The condensed water automatically flows back to the thermal energy conversion region under the capillary force from the hydrophilic copper mesh. Such an approach simultaneously realizes efficient solar-to-thermal energy conversion and rapid transportation of converted thermal energy to target application terminals. Compared to conventional external photothermal conversion design, the solar-thermal harvesting device driven by the internal plasmonic heating effect has reduced the overall thermal resistance by more than 50% and has demonstrated more than 25% improvement of solar water heating efficiency.

Comparative thermometric properties of bi-functional Er3+-Yb3+ doped rare earth (RE = Y, Gd and La) molybdates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sinha, Shriya; Mahata, Manoj Kumar; Kumar, Kaushal

2018-02-01

The molybdate compounds as luminescent medium have received great attention of recent research due to their excellent intrinsic optical properties. Therefore, the investigation on the optical thermometry and nanoheating effect in Er3+-Yb3+ doped molybdates of yttrium (EYYMO), gadolinium (EYGMO) and lanthanum (EYLMO) nanophosphors is reported herein. The temperature dependent fluorescence intensity ratio of green (525 and 548 nm) emission bands of Er3+ ions were analyzed within 300-500 K temperature range to determine the thermal behavior. The comparative temperature sensitivity of the materials has been found to depend on the phonon energy of their own. The thermal sensitivity is higher in the materials with low phonon energy. The intensity ratio of the green emission bands has been found to alter with the laser excitation density, which can be used to estimate the induced temperature in the materials. Furthermore, the photothermal conversion efficiency is calculated in the water dispersed samples and the maximum photothermal conversion efficiency of 49.6% is achieved for EYGMO nanophosphor. Comparative experimental results explore unequal thermal sensing and induced optical heating in the three rare earth molybdates. The optical properties of the green emitting molybdates are interesting for temperature sensing and optical heating applications.

DNA aptamer functionalized gold nanostructures for molecular recognition and photothermal inactivation of methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

PubMed

Ocsoy, Ismail; Yusufbeyoglu, Sadi; Yılmaz, Vedat; McLamore, Eric S; Ildız, Nilay; Ülgen, Ahmet

2017-11-01

In this work, we report the development of DNA aptamer-functionalized gold nanoparticles (Apt@Au NPs) and gold nanorods (Apt@Au NRs) for inactivation of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with targeted photothermal therapy (PTT). Although both Apt@Au NPs and Apt@Au NRs specifically bind to MRSA cells, Apt@Au NPs and Apt@Au NRs inactivated ∼5% and over 95% of the cells,respectively through PTT. This difference in inactivation was based on the relatively high longitudinal absorption of near-infrared (NIR) radiation and strong photothermal conversion capability for the Apt@Au NRs compared to the Apt@Au NPs. The Au NRs served as a nanoplatform for the loading of thiolated aptamer and also provided multivalent effects for increasing binding strength and affinity to MRSA. Our results indicate that the type of aptamer and the degree of multivalent effect(s) are important factors for MRSA inactivation efficiency in PTT. We show that the Apt@Au NRs are a very effective and promising nanosystem for specific cell recognition and in vitro PTT. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Multifunctional upconversion nanoparticles based on NaYGdF4 for laser induced heating, non-contact temperature sensing and controlled hyperthermia with use of pulsed periodic laser excitation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pominova, Daria V.; Ryabova, Anastasia V.; Romanishkin, Igor D.; Grachev, Pavel V.; Burmistrov, Ivan A.; Kuznetsov, Sergei V.

2018-04-01

For clinical application in photothermal therapy the nanoparticles should be efficient light-to-heat converters and luminescent markers. In this work, we investigate upconversion nanoparticles with NaYxGd1-xF4 (x=0-1) host lattice as self-monitored thermo-agents for bioimaging and local laser hyperthermia with real-time temperature control. The ability of non-contact temperature sensing using NaYxGd1-xF4 on one hand and laser induced heating on the other hand was shown. It was found, that the heat conversion luminescence efficiency is strongly affected by the concentration ratio of Gd3+ to Y3+ ions in host lattice. The optimal composition among the studied is NaY0.4Gd0.4Yb0.17Er0.03 with luminescence efficiency of 3.5% under 1 W/cm2 pumping power. Higher Gd3+ concentrations lead to higher heating temperature, but also to the decrease of the luminescence intensity and the accuracy of the ratiometric temperature determination. It was also shown that the optimization of Yb3+ doping concentration is one of the possible ways for optimization of the conditions of laser induced photothermal effects. Experimental in vitro study of hyperthermia with use of upconversion nanoparticles on HeLa and C6 cell lines was performed. The investigated nanoparticles are capable of in vitro photothermal heating, luminescent localization and thermal sensing.

Rational Design of Multifunctional Fe@γ-Fe2 O3 @H-TiO2 Nanocomposites with Enhanced Magnetic and Photoconversion Effects for Wide Applications: From Photocatalysis to Imaging-Guided Photothermal Cancer Therapy.

PubMed

Wang, Meifang; Deng, Kerong; Lü, Wei; Deng, Xiaoran; Li, Kai; Shi, Yanshu; Ding, Binbin; Cheng, Ziyong; Xing, Bengang; Han, Gang; Hou, Zhiyao; Lin, Jun

2018-03-01

Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) has been widely investigated and used in many areas due to its high refractive index and ultraviolet light absorption, but the lack of absorption in the visible-near infrared (Vis-NIR) region limits its application. Herein, multifunctional Fe@γ-Fe 2 O 3 @H-TiO 2 nanocomposites (NCs) with multilayer-structure are synthesized by one-step hydrogen reduction, which show remarkably improved magnetic and photoconversion effects as a promising generalists for photocatalysis, bioimaging, and photothermal therapy (PTT). Hydrogenation is used to turn white TiO 2 in to hydrogenated TiO 2 (H-TiO 2 ), thus improving the absorption in the Vis-NIR region. Based on the excellent solar-driven photocatalytic activities of the H-TiO 2 shell, the Fe@γ-Fe 2 O 3 magnetic core is introduced to make it convenient for separating and recovering the catalytic agents. More importantly, Fe@γ-Fe 2 O 3 @H-TiO 2 NCs show enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency due to more circuit loops for electron transitions between H-TiO 2 and γ-Fe 2 O 3 , and the electronic structures of Fe@γ-Fe 2 O 3 @H-TiO 2 NCs are calculated using the Vienna ab initio simulation package based on the density functional theory to account for the results. The reported core-shell NCs can serve as an NIR-responsive photothermal agent for magnetic-targeted photothermal therapy and as a multimodal imaging probe for cancer including infrared photothermal imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, and photoacoustic imaging. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Rapid charging of thermal energy storage materials through plasmonic heating.

PubMed

Wang, Zhongyong; Tao, Peng; Liu, Yang; Xu, Hao; Ye, Qinxian; Hu, Hang; Song, Chengyi; Chen, Zhaoping; Shang, Wen; Deng, Tao

2014-09-01

Direct collection, conversion and storage of solar radiation as thermal energy are crucial to the efficient utilization of renewable solar energy and the reduction of global carbon footprint. This work reports a facile approach for rapid and efficient charging of thermal energy storage materials by the instant and intense photothermal effect of uniformly distributed plasmonic nanoparticles. Upon illumination with both green laser light and sunlight, the prepared plasmonic nanocomposites with volumetric ppm level of filler concentration demonstrated a faster heating rate, a higher heating temperature and a larger heating area than the conventional thermal diffusion based approach. With controlled dispersion, we further demonstrated that the light-to-heat conversion and thermal storage properties of the plasmonic nanocomposites can be fine-tuned by engineering the composition of the nanocomposites.

Rapid Charging of Thermal Energy Storage Materials through Plasmonic Heating

PubMed Central

Wang, Zhongyong; Tao, Peng; Liu, Yang; Xu, Hao; Ye, Qinxian; Hu, Hang; Song, Chengyi; Chen, Zhaoping; Shang, Wen; Deng, Tao

2014-01-01

Direct collection, conversion and storage of solar radiation as thermal energy are crucial to the efficient utilization of renewable solar energy and the reduction of global carbon footprint. This work reports a facile approach for rapid and efficient charging of thermal energy storage materials by the instant and intense photothermal effect of uniformly distributed plasmonic nanoparticles. Upon illumination with both green laser light and sunlight, the prepared plasmonic nanocomposites with volumetric ppm level of filler concentration demonstrated a faster heating rate, a higher heating temperature and a larger heating area than the conventional thermal diffusion based approach. With controlled dispersion, we further demonstrated that the light-to-heat conversion and thermal storage properties of the plasmonic nanocomposites can be fine-tuned by engineering the composition of the nanocomposites. PMID:25175717

Gold decorated NaYF4:Yb,Er/NaYF4/silica (core/shell/shell) upconversion nanoparticles for photothermal destruction of BE(2)-C neuroblastoma cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qian, Li Peng; Zhou, Li Han; Too, Heng-Phon; Chow, Gan-Moog

2011-02-01

Gold decorated NaYF4:Yb,Er/NaYF4/silica (core/shell/shell) upconversion (UC) nanoparticles ( 70-80 nm) were synthesized using tetraethyl orthosilicate and chloroauric acid in a one-step reverse microemulsion method. Gold nanoparticles ( 6 nm) were deposited on the surface of silica shell of these core/shell/shell nanoparticles. The total upconversion emission intensity (green, red, and blue) of the core/shell/shell nanoparticles decreased by 31% after Au was deposited on the surface of silica shell. The upconverted green light was coupled with the surface plasmon of Au leading to rapid heat conversion. These UC/silica/Au nanoparticles were very efficient to destroy BE(2)-C cancer cells and showed strong potential in photothermal therapy.

Efficient telecom to visible wavelength conversion in doubly resonant gallium phosphide microdisks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lake, David P.; Mitchell, Matthew; Jayakumar, Harishankar; dos Santos, Laís Fujii; Curic, Davor; Barclay, Paul E.

2016-01-01

Resonant second harmonic generation between 1550 nm and 775 nm with normalized outside efficiency > 3.8 × 10 - 4 mW - 1 is demonstrated in a gallium phosphide microdisk supporting high-Q modes at visible ( Q ˜ 10 4 ) and infrared ( Q ˜ 10 5 ) wavelengths. The double resonance condition is satisfied for a specific pump power through intracavity photothermal temperature tuning using ˜ 360 μ W of 1550 nm light input to a fiber taper and coupled to a microdisk resonance. Power dependent efficiency consistent with a simple model for thermal tuning of the double resonance condition is observed.

Polydopamine-Coated Magnetic Composite Particles with an Enhanced Photothermal Effect.

PubMed

Zheng, Rui; Wang, Sheng; Tian, Ye; Jiang, Xinguo; Fu, Deliang; Shen, Shun; Yang, Wuli

2015-07-29

Recently, photothermal therapy (PTT) that utilizes photothermal conversion (PTC) agents to ablate cancer under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation has attracted a growing amount of attention because of its excellent therapeutic efficacy and improved target selectivity. Therefore, exploring novel PTC agents with an outstanding photothermal effect is a current research focus. Herein, we reported a polydopamine-coated magnetic composite particle with an enhanced PTC effect, which was synthesized simply through coating polydopamine (PDA) on the surface of magnetic Fe3O4 particles. Compared with magnetic Fe3O4 particles and PDA nanospheres, the core-shell nanomaterials exhibited an increased NIR absorption, and thus, an enhanced photothermal effect was obtained. We demonstrated the in vitro and in vivo effects of the photothermal therapy using our composite particles and their ability as a contrast agent in the T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. These results indicated that the multifunctional composite particles with enhanced photothermal effect are superior to magnetic Fe3O4 particles and PDA nanospheres alone.

Rational Design of Branched Nanoporous Gold Nanoshells with Enhanced Physico-Optical Properties for Optical Imaging and Cancer Therapy.

PubMed

Song, Jibin; Yang, Xiangyu; Yang, Zhen; Lin, Lisen; Liu, Yijing; Zhou, Zijian; Shen, Zheyu; Yu, Guocan; Dai, Yunlu; Jacobson, Orit; Munasinghe, Jeeva; Yung, Bryant; Teng, Gao-Jun; Chen, Xiaoyuan

2017-06-27

Reported procedures on the synthesis of gold nanoshells with smooth surfaces have merely demonstrated efficient control of shell thickness and particle size, yet no branch and nanoporous features on the nanoshell have been implemented to date. Herein, we demonstrate the ability to control the roughness and nanoscale porosity of gold nanoshells by using redox-active polymer poly(vinylphenol)-b-(styrene) nanoparticles as reducing agent and template. The porosity and size of the branches on this branched nanoporous gold nanoshell (BAuNSP) material can be facilely adjusted by control of the reaction speed or the reaction time between the redox-active polymer nanoparticles and gold ions (Au 3+ ). Due to the strong reduction ability of the redox-active polymer, the yield of BAuNSP was virtually 100%. By taking advantage of the sharp branches and nanoporous features, BAuNSP exhibited greatly enhanced physico-optical properties, including photothermal effect, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and photoacoustic (PA) signals. The photothermal conversion efficiency can reach as high as 75.5%, which is greater than most gold nanocrystals. Furthermore, the nanoporous nature of the shells allows for effective drug loading and controlled drug release. The thermoresponsive polymer coated on the BAuNSP surface serves as a gate keeper, governing the drug release behavior through photothermal heating. Positron emission tomography imaging demonstrated a high passive tumor accumulation of 64 Cu-labeled BAuNSP. The strong SERS signal generated by the SERS-active BAuNSP in vivo, accompanied by enhanced PA signals in the tumor region, provide significant tumor information, including size, morphology, position, and boundaries between tumor and healthy tissues. In vivo tumor therapy experiments demonstrated a highly synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy effect of drug-loaded BAuNSPs, guided by three modes of optical imaging.

One-step preparation of a water-soluble carbon nanohorn/phthalocyanine hybrid for dual-modality photothermal and photodynamic therapy.

PubMed

Jiang, Bang-Ping; Hu, Lan-Fang; Shen, Xing-Can; Ji, Shi-Chen; Shi, Zujin; Liu, Chan-Juan; Zhang, Li; Liang, Hong

2014-10-22

The biomedical applications of carbon nanomaterials, especially integrating noninvasive photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), into a single system have enormous potential in cancer therapy. Herein, we present a novel and facile one-step method for the preparation of water-soluble single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) and metal phthalocyanines (MPc) hybrid for PTT and PDT. The hydrophilic MPc, tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt copper phthalocyanine (TSCuPc), is coated on the surface of SWNHs via noncovalent π-π interaction using the sonication method. In this PTT/PDT nanosystem, SWNHs acts as a photosensitizer carrier and PTT agent, while TSCuPc acts as a hydrophilic and PDT agent. The EPR results demonstrated that the generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) not only from the photoinduced electron transfer process from TSCuPc to SWNHs but also from SWNHs without exciting TSCuPc to its excited state. The test of photothermal conversion proved that not only do SWNHs contribute to the photothermal therapy (PTT) effect, TSCuPc probably also contributes to that when it coats on the surface of SWNHs upon exposure to a 650-nm laser. More importantly, the results of in vitro cell viability revealed a significantly enhanced anticancer efficacy of combined noninvasive PTT/PDT, indicating that the SWNHs-TSCuPc nanohybrid is a hopeful candidate material for developing an efficient and biocompatible nanoplatform for biomedical application.

Method of sputter etching a surface

DOEpatents

Henager, Jr., Charles H.

1984-01-01

The surface of a target is textured by co-sputter etching the target surface with a seed material adjacent thereto, while the target surface is maintained at a pre-selected temperature. By pre-selecting the temperature of the surface while sputter etching, it is possible to predetermine the reflectance properties of the etched surface. The surface may be textured to absorb sunlight efficiently and have minimal emittance in the infrared region so as to be well-suited for use as a solar absorber for photothermal energy conversion.

Method of sputter etching a surface

DOEpatents

Henager, C.H. Jr.

1984-02-14

The surface of a target is textured by co-sputter etching the target surface with a seed material adjacent thereto, while the target surface is maintained at a pre-selected temperature. By pre-selecting the temperature of the surface while sputter etching, it is possible to predetermine the reflectance properties of the etched surface. The surface may be textured to absorb sunlight efficiently and have minimal emittance in the infrared region so as to be well-suited for use as a solar absorber for photothermal energy conversion. 4 figs.

Dual-responsive carbon dot for pH/redox triggered fluorescence imaging with controllable photothermal ablation therapy of cancer.

PubMed

Choi, Cheong A; Lee, Jung Eun; Mazrad, Zihnil Adha Islamy; Kim, Young Kwang; In, Insik; Jeong, Ji Hoon; Park, Sung Young

2018-05-18

We described fluorescence resonance energy transfer for pH/redox-activatable fluorescent carbon dot (FNP) to realize "off-on" switched imaging-guided controllable photothermal therapy (PTT). The FNP is a carbonized self-crosslinked polymer that allows IR825 loading (FNP[IR825]) via hydrophobic interactions in cancer therapy. The capability for fluorescence bioimaging was achieved via the internalization of FNP(IR825) into tumor cells, wherein glutathione (GSH) disulfide bonds were reduced and benzoic imine were cleaved under acidic conditions. The release of IR825 from FNP core in this system can may be used to efficiently control PTT-mediated cancer therapy via its photothermal conversion after near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. The in vitro and in vivo cellular uptake studies revealed the efficient uptake of FNP(IR825) by tumor cells to treat the disease site. Therefore, we demonstrated in mice that our smart nanocarrier could effectively kill tumor cells under exposure to a NIR laser and the particles were biocompatible with various organs. This platform responds sensitively to the exogenous environment inside the cancer cells and may selectively induce the release of PTT-mediated cytotoxicity. Furthermore, this platform may be useful for monitoring the elimination of cancer cells through the fluorescence on/off switch, which can be used for various applications in the field of cancer cell therapy and diagnosis. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Au Nanomatryoshkas as Efficient Near-Infrared Photothermal Transducers for Cancer Treatment: Benchmarking against Nanoshells

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

Au nanoparticles with plasmon resonances in the near-infrared (NIR) region of the spectrum efficiently convert light into heat, a property useful for the photothermal ablation of cancerous tumors subsequent to nanoparticle uptake at the tumor site. A critical aspect of this process is nanoparticle size, which influences both tumor uptake and photothermal efficiency. Here, we report a direct comparative study of ∼90 nm diameter Au nanomatryoshkas (Au/SiO2/Au) and ∼150 nm diameter Au nanoshells for photothermal therapeutic efficacy in highly aggressive triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumors in mice. Au nanomatryoshkas are strong light absorbers with 77% absorption efficiency, while the nanoshells are weaker absorbers with only 15% absorption efficiency. After an intravenous injection of Au nanomatryoshkas followed by a single NIR laser dose of 2 W/cm2 for 5 min, 83% of the TNBC tumor-bearing mice appeared healthy and tumor free >60 days later, while only 33% of mice treated with nanoshells survived the same period. The smaller size and larger absorption cross section of Au nanomatryoshkas combine to make this nanoparticle more effective than Au nanoshells for photothermal cancer therapy. PMID:24889266

Gold nanoflowers with mesoporous silica as "nanocarriers" for drug release and photothermal therapy in the treatment of oral cancer using near-infrared (NIR) laser light

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Song, Wenzhi; Gong, Junxia; Wang, Yuqian; Zhang, Yan; Zhang, Hongmei; Zhang, Weihang; Zhang, Hu; Liu, Xin; Zhang, Tianfu; Yin, Wanzhong; Yang, Wensheng

2016-04-01

In this experiment, we successfully developed nanocarriers in the form of gold nanoflowers coated with two layers of silica for the purposes of drug loading and NIR (near-infrared) photothermal therapy for the treatment of oral cancer. The gold nanoflowers converted NIR laser energy into heat energy. The cores were coated with a thin silica layer (AuNFs@SiO2) to protect the gold nanoflowers from intraparticle ripening. The second layer was mesoporous silica (AuNFs@SiO2@mSiO2), which acted as a nanocarrier for anticancer drug (DOX) loads. The mean effective diameter of the nanoparticles was approximately 150-200 nm, whereas the peak absorption of the AuNFs was 684 nm. After the AuNFs were encapsulated by the silica shells, the plasmonic absorption peak of AuNFs@SiO2 and AuNFs@SiO2@mSiO2 exhibited a red shift to 718 nm. When exposed to an 808 nm NIR laser, these crystals showed an obvious photothermal conversion in the NIR region and a highly efficient release of DOX. Biocompatibility was assessed in vitro using Cell Counting Kit-8 assays, and the results showed that the nanocarriers induced no obvious cytotoxicity. This nanomaterial could be considered a new type of material that shows promising potential for photothermal-chemotherapy against malignant tumours, including those of oral cancers.

Smart Carbon Nanotubes with Laser-Controlled Behavior in Gene Delivery and Therapy through a Non-Digestive Trafficking Pathway.

PubMed

Kong, Fenfen; Liu, Fei; Li, Wei; Guo, Xiaomeng; Wang, Zuhua; Zhang, Hanbo; Li, Qingpo; Luo, Lihua; Du, Yongzhong; Jin, Yi; You, Jian

2016-12-01

Near-infrared (NIR) laser-controlled gene delivery presents some benefits in gene therapy, inducing enhanced gene transfection efficiency. In this study, a "photothermal transfection" agent is obtained by wrapping poly(ethylenimine)-cholesterol derivatives (PEI-Chol) around single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The PEI-Chol modified SWNTs (PCS) are effective in compressing DNA molecules and protecting them from DNaseI degradation. Compared to the complexes formed by PEI with DNA (PEI/DNA), complexes of PCS and DNA that are formed (PCS/DNA) exhibit a little lower toxicity to HEK293 and HeLa cells under the same PEI molecule weight and weight ratios. Notably, caveolae-mediated cellular uptake of PCS/DNA occurs, which results in a safer intracellular transport of the gene due to the decreased lysosomal degradation in comparison with that of PEI/DNA whose internalization mainly depends on clathrin rather than caveolae. Furthermore, unlike PEI/DNA, PCS/DNA exhibits a photothermal conversion ability, which promotes DNA release from PCS under NIR laser irradiation. The NIR laser-mediated photothermal transfection of PCS 10K /plasmid TP53 (pTP53) results in more apoptosis and necrosis of HeLa cells in vitro than other groups, and achieves a higher tumor-growth inhibition in vivo than naked pTP53, PEI 25K /pTP53, and PCS 10K /pTP53 alone. The enhanced transfection efficiency of PCS/DNA can be attributed to more efficient DNA internalization into the tumor cells, promotes detachment of DNA from PCS under the mediation of NIR laser and higher DNA stability in the cells due to caveolae-mediated cellular uptake of the complexes. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

LaF3 core/shell nanoparticles for subcutaneous heating and thermal sensing in the second biological-window

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ximendes, Erving Clayton; Rocha, Uéslen; Kumar, Kagola Upendra; Jacinto, Carlos; Jaque, Daniel

2016-06-01

We report on Ytterbium and Neodymium codoped LaF3 core/shell nanoparticles capable of simultaneous heating and thermal sensing under single beam infrared laser excitation. Efficient light-to-heat conversion is produced at the Neodymium highly doped shell due to non-radiative de-excitations. Thermal sensing is provided by the temperature dependent Nd3+ → Yb3+ energy transfer processes taking place at the core/shell interface. The potential application of these core/shell multifunctional nanoparticles for controlled photothermal subcutaneous treatments is also demonstrated.

Light-activated microbubbles around gold nanorods for photoacoustic microsurgery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cavigli, Lucia; Centi, Sonia; Lai, Sarah; Borri, Claudia; Micheletti, Filippo; Tortoli, Paolo; Panettieri, Ilaria; Streit, Ingolf; Rossi, Francesca; Ratto, Fulvio; Pini, Roberto

2018-02-01

The increasing interest around imaging and microsurgery techniques based on the photoacoustic effect has boosted active research into the development of exogenous contrast agents that may enhance the potential of this innovative approach. In this context, plasmonic particles as gold nanorods are achieving resounding interest, owing to their efficiency of photothermal conversion, intense optical absorbance in the near infrared region, inertness in the body and convenience for conjugation with ligands of molecular targets. On the other hand, the photoinstability of plasmonic particles remains a remarkable obstacle. In particular, gold nanorods easily reshape into nanospheres and so lose their optical absorbance in the near infrared region, under exposure to few-ns-long laser pulses. This issue is attracting much attention and stimulating ad-hoc solutions, such as the addition of rigid shells and the optimization of multiple parameters. In this contribution, we focus on the influence of the shape of gold nanorods on their photothermal behavior and photostability. We describe the photothermal process in the gold nanorods by modeling their optical absorption and consequent temperature dynamics as a function of their aspect ratio (length / diameter). Our results suggest that increasing the aspect ratio does probably not limit the photostability of gold nanorods, while shifting the plasmonic peak towards wavelengths around 1100 nm, which hold more technological interest.

Porphysome nanoparticles for enhanced photothermal therapy in a patient-derived orthotopic pancreas xenograft cancer model: a pilot study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

MacLaughlin, Christina M.; Ding, Lili; Jin, Cheng; Cao, Pingjiang; Siddiqui, Iram; Hwang, David M.; Chen, Juan; Wilson, Brian C.; Zheng, Gang; Hedley, David W.

2016-08-01

Local disease control is a major challenge in pancreatic cancer treatment, because surgical resection of the primary tumor is only possible in a minority of patients and radiotherapy cannot be delivered in curative doses. Despite the promise of photothermal therapy (PTT) for focal ablation of pancreatic tumors, this approach remains underinvestigated. Using photothermal sensitizers in combination with laser light irradiation for PTT can result in more efficient conversion of light energy to heat and improved spatial confinement of thermal destruction to the tumor. Porphysomes are self-assembled nanoparticles composed mainly of pyropheophorbide-conjugated phospholipids, enabling the packing of ˜80,000 porphyrin photosensitizers per particle. The high-density porphyrin loading imparts enhanced photonic properties and enables high-payload tumor delivery. A patient-derived orthotopic pancreas xenograft model was used to evaluate the feasibility of porphysome-enhanced PTT for pancreatic cancer. Biodistribution and tumor accumulation were evaluated using fluorescence intensity measurements from homogenized tissues and imaging of excised organs. Tumor surface temperature was recorded using IR optical imaging during light irradiation to monitor treatment progress. Histological analyses were conducted to determine the extent of PTT thermal damage. These studies may provide insight into the influence of heat-sink effect on thermal therapy dosimetry for well-perfused pancreatic tumors.

Near-infrared light-triggered theranostics for tumor-specific enhanced multimodal imaging and photothermal therapy

PubMed Central

Wu, Bo; Wan, Bing; Lu, Shu-Ting; Deng, Kai; Li, Xiao-Qi; Wu, Bao-Lin; Li, Yu-Shuang; Liao, Ru-Fang; Huang, Shi-Wen; Xu, Hai-Bo

2017-01-01

The major challenge in current clinic contrast agents (CAs) and chemotherapy is the poor tumor selectivity and response. Based on the self-quench property of IR820 at high concentrations, and different contrast effect ability of Gd-DOTA between inner and outer of liposome, we developed “bomb-like” light-triggered CAs (LTCAs) for enhanced CT/MRI/FI multimodal imaging, which can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of tumor tissue specifically. IR820, Iohexol and Gd-chelates were firstly encapsulated into the thermal-sensitive nanocarrier with a high concentration. This will result in protection and fluorescence quenching. Then, the release of CAs was triggered by near-infrared (NIR) light laser irradiation, which will lead to fluorescence and MRI activation and enable imaging of inflammation. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that LTCAs with 808 nm laser irradiation have shorter T1 relaxation time in MRI and stronger intensity in FI compared to those without irradiation. Additionally, due to the high photothermal conversion efficiency of IR820, the injection of LTCAs was demonstrated to completely inhibit C6 tumor growth in nude mice up to 17 days after NIR laser irradiation. The results indicate that the LTCAs can serve as a promising platform for NIR-activated multimodal imaging and photothermal therapy. PMID:28670120

Porous Electrospun Fibers with Self-Sealing Functionality: An Enabling Strategy for Trapping Biomacromolecules.

PubMed

Zhang, Jin; Zheng, Ting; Alarçin, Emine; Byambaa, Batzaya; Guan, Xiaofei; Ding, Jianxun; Zhang, Yu Shrike; Li, Zhongming

2017-12-01

Stimuli-responsive porous polymer materials have promising biomedical application due to their ability to trap and release biomacromolecules. In this work, a class of highly porous electrospun fibers is designed using polylactide as the polymer matrix and poly(ethylene oxide) as a porogen. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with different concentrations are further impregnated onto the fibers to achieve self-sealing functionality induced by photothermal conversion upon light irradiation. The fibers with 0.4 mg mL -1 of CNTs exhibit the optimum encapsulation efficiency of model biomacromolecules such as dextran, bovine serum albumin, and nucleic acids, although their photothermal conversion ability is slightly lower than the fibers with 0.8 mg mL -1 of CNTs. Interestingly, reversible reopening of the surface pores is accomplished with the degradation of PLA, affording a further possibility for sustained release of biomacromolecules after encapsulation. Effects of CNT loading on fiber morphology, structure, thermal/mechanical properties, degradation, and cell viability are also investigated. This novel class of porous electrospun fibers with self-sealing capability has great potential to serve as an enabling strategy for trapping/release of biomacromolecules with promising applications in, for example, preventing inflammatory diseases by scavenging cytokines from interstitial body fluids. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

RGO/AuNR/HA-5FU nanocomposite with multi-stage release behavior and efficient antitumor activity for synergistic therapy.

PubMed

Yang, Ying; Wang, Yunlong; Zhu, Manzhou; Chen, Yan; Xiao, Yazhong; Shen, Yuhua; Xie, Anjian

2017-05-02

A reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/gold nanorod (AuNR)/hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocomposite was designed and successfully synthesized for the first time. An anticancer drug, 5-fluorouracil (5FU), was chosen as a model drug to be loaded in RGO/AuNR/HA. The fabricated RGO/AuNR/HA-5FU showed robust, selective targeting and penetrating efficiency against HeLa cells due to the good compatibility and nontoxicity of HA, and showed excellent synergetic antitumor effects through combined chemotherapy (CT) by 5FU and photothermal therapy (PTT) by both RGO and AuNRs under near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. More importantly, this synergistic dual therapy based on RGO/AuNR/HA can also minimize side effects in normal cells and exhibits greater antitumor activity because of a multi-stage drug release ability triggered by the pH sensitivity of HA in the first stage and the combined photothermal conversion capabilities of RGO and AuNRs by means of the NIR laser irradiation in the second stage. This study suggests that the novel RGO/AuNR/HA multi-stage drug delivery system may represent a promising potential application of multifunctional composite materials in the biomedical field.

Mirror-backed Dark Alumina: A Nearly Perfect Absorber for Thermoelectronics and Thermophotovotaics

PubMed Central

Farhat, Mohamed; Cheng, Tsung-Chieh; Le, Khai. Q.; Cheng, Mark Ming-Cheng; Bağcı, Hakan; Chen, Pai-Yen

2016-01-01

We present here a broadband, wide-angle, and polarization-independent nearly perfect absorber consisting of mirror-backed nanoporous alumina. By electrochemically anodizing the disordered multicomponent aluminum and properly tailoring the thickness and air-filling fraction of nanoporous alumina, according to the Maxwell-Garnet mixture theory, a large-area dark alumina can be made with excellent photothermal properties and absorption larger than 93% over a wide wavelength range spanning from near-infrared to ultraviolet light, i.e. 250 nm–2500 nm. The measured absorption is orders of magnitude greater than other reported anodized porous alumina, typically semi-transparent at similar wavelengths. This simple yet effective approach, however, does not require any lithography, nano-mixture deposition, pre- and post-treatment. Here, we also envisage and theoretically investigate the practical use of proposed absorbers and/or photothermal converters in integrated thermoelectronic and/or thermophotovoltaic energy conversion devices, which make efficient use of the entire spectrum of ambient visible to near-infrared radiation. PMID:26817710

Mirror-backed Dark Alumina: A Nearly Perfect Absorber for Thermoelectronics and Thermophotovotaics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Farhat, Mohamed; Cheng, Tsung-Chieh; Le, Khai. Q.; Cheng, Mark Ming-Cheng; Bağcı, Hakan; Chen, Pai-Yen

2016-01-01

We present here a broadband, wide-angle, and polarization-independent nearly perfect absorber consisting of mirror-backed nanoporous alumina. By electrochemically anodizing the disordered multicomponent aluminum and properly tailoring the thickness and air-filling fraction of nanoporous alumina, according to the Maxwell-Garnet mixture theory, a large-area dark alumina can be made with excellent photothermal properties and absorption larger than 93% over a wide wavelength range spanning from near-infrared to ultraviolet light, i.e. 250 nm-2500 nm. The measured absorption is orders of magnitude greater than other reported anodized porous alumina, typically semi-transparent at similar wavelengths. This simple yet effective approach, however, does not require any lithography, nano-mixture deposition, pre- and post-treatment. Here, we also envisage and theoretically investigate the practical use of proposed absorbers and/or photothermal converters in integrated thermoelectronic and/or thermophotovoltaic energy conversion devices, which make efficient use of the entire spectrum of ambient visible to near-infrared radiation.

Synergistic thermoradiotherapy based on PEGylated Cu3BiS3 ternary semiconductor nanorods with strong absorption in the second near-infrared window.

PubMed

Li, Ang; Li, Xiang; Yu, Xujiang; Li, Wei; Zhao, Ruyi; An, Xiao; Cui, Daxiang; Chen, Xiaoyuan; Li, Wanwan

2017-01-01

In this work, we report a successful synthesis of copper bismuth sulfide nanorods (NRs) with broad and strong photoabsorption ranging from ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths, which can be used as a 1064 nm-laser-driven photothermal agent with the photothermal conversion efficiency of 40.7%, noticeably higher than most of the reported PTT agents working in NIR-II window. The as-prepared PEGylated Cu 3 BiS 3 NRs were used as photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and CT imaging agents due to their strong NIR absorption and large X-ray attenuation coefficient of bismuth. We are the first to demonstrate that a small quantity of PEGylated Cu 3 BiS 3 NRs in tumors can concentrate radiation energy and trigger mild PTT under NIR-II irradiation and thus, these particles could be used as a novel, synergistic thermoradiotheraputic agent that enhances the efficacy of radiotherapy. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Graphene Quantum Dots-Capped Magnetic Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as a Multifunctional Platform for Controlled Drug Delivery, Magnetic Hyperthermia, and Photothermal Therapy.

PubMed

Yao, Xianxian; Niu, Xingxing; Ma, Kexin; Huang, Ping; Grothe, Julia; Kaskel, Stefan; Zhu, Yufang

2017-01-01

A multifunctional platform is reported for synergistic therapy with controlled drug release, magnetic hyperthermia, and photothermal therapy, which is composed of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as caps and local photothermal generators and magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MMSN) as drug carriers and magnetic thermoseeds. The structure, drug release behavior, magnetic hyperthermia capacity, photothermal effect, and synergistic therapeutic efficiency of the MMSN/GQDs nanoparticles are investigated. The results show that monodisperse MMSN/GQDs nanoparticles with the particle size of 100 nm can load doxorubicin (DOX) and trigger DOX release by low pH environment. Furthermore, the MMSN/GQDs nanoparticles can efficiently generate heat to the hyperthermia temperature under an alternating magnetic field or by near infrared irradiation. More importantly, breast cancer 4T1 cells as a model cellular system, the results indicate that compared with chemotherapy, magnetic hyperthermia or photothermal therapy alone, the combined chemo-magnetic hyperthermia therapy or chemo-photothermal therapy with the DOX-loaded MMSN/GQDs nanosystem exhibits a significant synergistic effect, resulting in a higher efficacy to kill cancer cells. Therefore, the MMSN/GQDs multifunctional platform has great potential in cancer therapy for enhancing the therapeutic efficiency. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Photothermal ablation cancer therapy using homogeneous CsxWO3 nanorods with broad near-infra-red absorption

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Chongshen; Yin, Shu; Yu, Haijun; Liu, Shaoqin; Dong, Qiang; Goto, Takehiro; Zhang, Zhiwen; Li, Yaping; Sato, Tsugio

2013-06-01

Recently, photothermal ablation therapy (PTA) employing near-infrared radiation (NIR) has been extensively investigated as an emerging modality for cancer management. However, the clinical translation of this promising approach is limited by the lack of PTA agents with broad NIR absorption, low cost and high photothermal conversion efficiency. Herein, we have developed PEGylated homogeneous CsxWO3 nanorods (a mean size ~69.3 nm × 12.8 nm) with broad photo-absorption (780-2500 nm) as a novel NIR absorbent for PTA treatment of human cancer. The prepared CsxWO3 nanocrystals displayed strong near-infrared optical absorption with a high molar extinction coefficient (e.g. 4.8 × 1010 M-1 cm-1 at 980 nm), thus generated significant amounts of heat upon excitation with near-infrared light. The PTA study in two human carcinoma cell lines (i.e. A549 lung cancer cells and HeLa ovarian cancer cells) demonstrated that CsxWO3 nanorods can efficiently cause cell death via hyperthermia induced lysosome destruction, cytoskeleton protein degradation, DNA damage and thereafter cellular necrosis or apoptosis. Our study also confirmed the migration of healthy cells migrated from unirradiated areas to dead cell cycle, which is essential for tissue reconstruction and wound healing after photodestruction of tumor tissue. The prompted results reported in the current study imply the promising potential of CsxWO3 nanorods for application in PTA cancer therapy.Recently, photothermal ablation therapy (PTA) employing near-infrared radiation (NIR) has been extensively investigated as an emerging modality for cancer management. However, the clinical translation of this promising approach is limited by the lack of PTA agents with broad NIR absorption, low cost and high photothermal conversion efficiency. Herein, we have developed PEGylated homogeneous CsxWO3 nanorods (a mean size ~69.3 nm × 12.8 nm) with broad photo-absorption (780-2500 nm) as a novel NIR absorbent for PTA treatment of human cancer. The prepared CsxWO3 nanocrystals displayed strong near-infrared optical absorption with a high molar extinction coefficient (e.g. 4.8 × 1010 M-1 cm-1 at 980 nm), thus generated significant amounts of heat upon excitation with near-infrared light. The PTA study in two human carcinoma cell lines (i.e. A549 lung cancer cells and HeLa ovarian cancer cells) demonstrated that CsxWO3 nanorods can efficiently cause cell death via hyperthermia induced lysosome destruction, cytoskeleton protein degradation, DNA damage and thereafter cellular necrosis or apoptosis. Our study also confirmed the migration of healthy cells migrated from unirradiated areas to dead cell cycle, which is essential for tissue reconstruction and wound healing after photodestruction of tumor tissue. The prompted results reported in the current study imply the promising potential of CsxWO3 nanorods for application in PTA cancer therapy. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: EDS spectra, XRD patterns, TG plot of CsxWO3 nanorod are provided in the ESI. Additionally, linear correlations between NIR absorbance and CsxWO3-PEGS nanorod concentrations, cytotoxicity results, TEM image of intracellular distribution of CsxWO3-PEGS nanorods and fluorescence images can be found in the ESI. See DOI: 10.1039/c3nr01025b

Enhanced photothermal therapy of biomimetic polypyrrole nanoparticles through improving blood flow perfusion.

PubMed

Wang, Xuejun; Li, Haichun; Liu, Xianping; Tian, Ye; Guo, Huishu; Jiang, Ting; Luo, Zimiao; Jin, Kai; Kuai, Xinping; Liu, Yao; Pang, Zhiqing; Yang, Wuli; Shen, Shun

2017-10-01

In this study, we reported a strategy to improve delivery efficiency of a long-circulation biomimetic photothermal nanoagent for enhanced photothermal therapy through selectively dilating tumor vasculature. By using a simply nanocoating technology, a biomimetic layer of natural red blood cell (RBC) membranes was camouflaged on the surface of photothermal polypyrrole nanoparticles (PPy@RBC NPs). The erythrocyte-mimicking PPy NPs inherited the immune evasion ability from natural RBC resulting in superior prolonged blood retention time. Additionally, excellent photothermal and photoacoustic imaging functionalities were all retained attributing to PPy NPs cores. To further improve the photothermal outcome, the endothelin A (ET A ) receptor antagonist BQ123 was jointly employed to regulate tumor microenvironment. The BQ123 could induce tumor vascular relaxation and increase blood flow perfusion through modulating an ET-1/ET A transduction pathway and blocking the ET A receptor, whereas the vessel perfusion of normal tissues was not altered. Through our well-designed tactic, the concentration of biomimetic PPy NPs in tumor site was significantly improved when administered systematically. The study documented that the antitumor efficiency of biomimetic PPy NPs combined with specific antagonist BQ123 was particularly prominent and was superior to biomimetic PPy NPs (P < 0.05) and PEGylated PPy NPs with BQ123 (P < 0.01), showing that the greatly enhanced photothermal treatment could be achieved with low-dose administration of photothermal agents. Our findings would provide a promising procedure for other similar enhanced photothermal treatment by blocking ET A receptor to dramatically increase the delivery of biomimetic photothermal nanomaterials. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Photothermal and biodegradable polyaniline/porous silicon hybrid nanocomposites as drug carriers for combined chemo-photothermal therapy of cancer.

PubMed

Xia, Bing; Wang, Bin; Shi, Jisen; Zhang, Yu; Zhang, Qi; Chen, Zhenyu; Li, Jiachen

2017-03-15

To develop photothermal and biodegradable nanocarriers for combined chemo-photothermal therapy of cancer, polyaniline/porous silicon hybrid nanocomposites had been successfully fabricated via surface initiated polymerization of aniline onto porous silicon nanoparticles in our experiments. As-prepared polyaniline/porous silicon nanocomposites could be well dispersed in aqueous solution without any extra hydrophilic surface coatings, and showed a robust photothermal effect under near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. Especially, after an intravenous injection into mice, these biodegradable porous silicon-based nanocomposites as non-toxic agents could be completely cleared in body. Moreover, these polyaniline/porous silicon nanocomposites as drug carriers also exhibited an efficient loading and dual pH/NIR light-triggered release of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX, a model anticancer drug). Most importantly, assisted with NIR laser irradiation, polyaniline/PSiNPs nanocomposites with loading DOX showed a remarkable synergistic anticancer effect combining chemotherapy with photothermal therapy, whether in vitro or in vivo. Therefore, based on biodegradable PSiNPs-based nanocomposites, this combination approach of chemo-photothermal therapy would have enormous potential on clinical cancer treatments in the future. Considering the non-biodegradable nature and potential long-term toxicity concerns of photothermal nanoagents, it is of great interest and importance to develop biodegradable and photothermal nanoparticles with an excellent biocompatibility for their future clinical applications. In our experiments, we fabricated porous silicon-based hybrid nanocomposites via surface initiated polymerization of aniline, which showed an excellent photothermal effect, aqueous dispersibility, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Furthermore, after an efficient loading of DOX molecules, polyaniline/porous silicon nanocomposites exhibited the remarkable synergistic anticancer effect, whether in vitro and in vivo. Copyright © 2017 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Alloying-assisted phonon engineering of layered BiInSe3@nickel foam for efficient solar-enabled water evaporation.

PubMed

Yao, J D; Zheng, Z Q; Yang, G W

2017-11-02

The fresh water crisis has emerged as one of the most urgent bottlenecks hindering the rapid development of modern industry and society. Solar energy-driven water evaporation represents a potential green and sustainable solution to address this issue. Herein, for the first time, centimeter-scale BiInSe 3 -coated nickel foam (BiInSe 3 @NF) as an efficient solar-enabled evaporator was successfully achieved and exploited for solar energy-driven water evaporation. Benefitting from multiple scattering-induced light trapping of the rough substrate, strong light-matter interaction and intermediate band (IB)-induced efficient phonon emission of BiInSe 3 , the BiInSe 3 @NF device achieved a high evaporation rate of 0.83 kg m -2 h -1 under 1 sun irradiation, which is 2.5 times that of pure water. These figures-of-merit are superior to recently reported state-of-the-art photothermal conversion materials, such as black titania, plasmonic assembly and carbon black. In addition, superior stability over a period of 60 days was demonstrated. In summary, the current contribution depicts a facile scenario for design, production and application of an economical and efficient solar-enabled BiInSe 3 @NF evaporator. More importantly, the phonon engineering strategy based on alloying induced IB states can be readily applied to other analogous van der Waals materials and a series of superior vdWM alloys toward photothermal applications can be expected in the near future.

Polydopamine-functionalized nanographene oxide: a versatile nanocarrier for chemotherapy and photothermal therapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Xinyuan; Nan, Xu; Shi, Wei; Sun, Yanan; Su, Huiling; He, Yuan; Liu, Xin; Zhang, Zhong; Ge, Dongtao

2017-07-01

For releasing both drug and heat to selected sites, a combination of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy in one system is a more effective way to destroy cancer cells than monotherapy. Graphene oxide (GO) with high drug-loading efficiency and near-infrared (NIR) absorbance has great potential in drug delivery and photothermal therapy, but it is difficult to load drugs with high solubility. Herein, we develop a versatile drug delivery nanoplatform based on GO for integrated chemotherapy and photothermal therapy by a facile method of simultaneous reduction and surface functionalization of GO with poly(dopamine) (PDA). Due to the excellent adhesion of PDA, both low and high solubility drugs can be encapsulated in the PDA-functionalized GO nanocomposite (rGO-PDA). The fabricated nanocomposite exhibits good biocompatibility, excellent photothermal performance, high drug loading capacity, an outstanding sustained release property, and efficient endocytosis. Moreover, NIR laser irradiation facilitates the release of loaded drugs from rGO-PDA. These features make the rGO-PDA nanocomposite achieve excellent in vivo synergistic antitumor therapeutic efficacy.

Maximizing the performance of photothermal actuators by combining smart materials with supplementary advantages

PubMed Central

Wang, Tongyu; Torres, David; Fernández, Félix E.; Wang, Chuan; Sepúlveda, Nelson

2017-01-01

The search for higher-performance photothermal microactuators has typically involved unavoidable trade-offs that hinder the demonstration of ubiquitous devices with high energy density, speed, flexibility, efficiency, sensitivity, and multifunctionality. Improving some of these parameters often implies deterioration of others. Photothermal actuators are driven by the conversion of absorbed optical energy into thermal energy, which, by different mechanisms, can produce mechanical displacement of a structure. We present a device that has been strategically designed to show high performance in every metric and respond to optical radiation of selected wavelength bands. The device combines the large energy densities and sensitivity of vanadium dioxide (VO2)–based actuators with the wavelength-selective absorption properties of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) films of different chiralities. SWNT coatings increased the speed of VO2 actuators by a factor of 2 while decreasing the power consumption by approximately 50%. Devices coated with metallic SWNT were found to be 1.57 times more responsive to red light than to near-infrared, whereas semiconducting SWNT coatings resulted in 1.42 times higher responsivities to near-infrared light than to red light. The added functionality establishes a link between optical and mechanical domains of high-performance photoactuators and enables the future development of mechanical logic gates and electronic devices that are triggered by optical radiation from different frequency bands. PMID:28439553

Enhanced antibacterial activity of silver-decorated sandwich-like mesoporous silica/reduced graphene oxide nanosheets through photothermal effect

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Rong; Wang, Xuandong; Ye, Jun; Xue, Ximei; Zhang, Fangrong; Zhang, Huicong; Hou, Xuemei; Liu, Xiaolong; Zhang, Yun

2018-03-01

Drug resistance of bacteria has become a global health problem, as it makes conventional antibiotics less efficient. It is urgently needed to explore novel antibacterial materials and develop effective treatment strategies to overcome the drug resistance of antibiotics. Herein, we successfully synthesized silver decorated sandwich-like mesoporous silica/reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (rGO/MSN/Ag) as a novel antibacterial material through facile method. The rGO and Ag nanoparticles can be reduced in the reaction system without adding any other reductants. In addition, the rGO/MSN/Ag showed higher photothermal conversion capacity due to the modification of silver nanoparticles and exhibited excellent antibacterial activities against Pseudomonas putida, Escherichia coli and Rhodococcus at relatively low dosages, which was confirmed by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. Meanwhile, the E. coli with a high concentration was selected for exposure using an 808 nm laser, and the antibacterial effect was obviously enhanced by the near-infrared irradiation induced photothermal effect. Moreover, the hepatocyte LO2 were used for the cytotoxicity evaluation, and the rGO/MSN/Ag showed low toxicity and were without detectable cytotoxicity at the antimicrobial dose. As the prepared rGO/MSN/Ag nanosheets have the advantages of low-cost and high antibacterial activity, they might be of promising and useful antibacterial agents for different applications.

Solvent Effects on the Photothermal Regeneration of CO 2 in Monoethanolamine Nanofluids

DOE PAGES

Nguyen, Du; Stolaroff, Joshuah; Esser-Kahn, Aaron

2015-11-02

We present that a potential approach to reduce energy costs associated with carbon capture is to use external and renewable energy sources. The photothermal release of CO 2 from monoethanolamine mediated by nanoparticles is a unique solution to this problem. When combined with light-absorbing nanoparticles, vapor bubbles form inside the capture solution and release the CO 2 without heating the bulk solvent. The mechanism by which CO 2 is released remained unclear, and understanding this process would improve the efficiency of photothermal CO 2 release. Here we report the use of different cosolvents to improve or reduce the photothermal regenerationmore » of CO 2 captured by monoethanolamine. We found that properties that reduce the residence time of the gas bubbles (viscosity, boiling point, and convection direction) can enhance the regeneration efficiencies. The reduction of bubble residence times minimizes the reabsorption of CO 2 back into the capture solvent where bulk temperatures remain lower than the localized area surrounding the nanoparticle. These properties shed light on the mechanism of release and indicated methods for improving the efficiency of the process. We used this knowledge to develop an improved photothermal CO 2 regeneration system in a continuously flowing setup. Finally, using techniques to reduce residence time in the continuously flowing setup, such as alternative cosolvents and smaller fluid volumes, resulted in regeneration efficiency enhancements of over 200%.« less

Solvent Effects on the Photothermal Regeneration of CO 2 in Monoethanolamine Nanofluids

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nguyen, Du; Stolaroff, Joshuah; Esser-Kahn, Aaron

We present that a potential approach to reduce energy costs associated with carbon capture is to use external and renewable energy sources. The photothermal release of CO 2 from monoethanolamine mediated by nanoparticles is a unique solution to this problem. When combined with light-absorbing nanoparticles, vapor bubbles form inside the capture solution and release the CO 2 without heating the bulk solvent. The mechanism by which CO 2 is released remained unclear, and understanding this process would improve the efficiency of photothermal CO 2 release. Here we report the use of different cosolvents to improve or reduce the photothermal regenerationmore » of CO 2 captured by monoethanolamine. We found that properties that reduce the residence time of the gas bubbles (viscosity, boiling point, and convection direction) can enhance the regeneration efficiencies. The reduction of bubble residence times minimizes the reabsorption of CO 2 back into the capture solvent where bulk temperatures remain lower than the localized area surrounding the nanoparticle. These properties shed light on the mechanism of release and indicated methods for improving the efficiency of the process. We used this knowledge to develop an improved photothermal CO 2 regeneration system in a continuously flowing setup. Finally, using techniques to reduce residence time in the continuously flowing setup, such as alternative cosolvents and smaller fluid volumes, resulted in regeneration efficiency enhancements of over 200%.« less

Localized surface plasmon enhanced photothermal conversion in Bi2Se3 topological insulator nanoflowers

PubMed Central

Guozhi, Jia; Peng, Wang; Yanbang, Zhang; Kai, Chang

2016-01-01

Localized surface plasmons (LSP), the confined collective excitations of electrons in noble metal and doped semiconductor nanostructures, enhance greatly local electric field near the surface of the nanostructures and result in strong optical response. LSPs of ordinary massive electrons have been investigated for a long time and were used as basic ingredient of plasmonics and metamaterials. LSPs of massless Dirac electrons, which could result in novel tunable plasmonic metamaterials in the terahertz and infrared frequency regime, are relatively unexplored. Here we report for first time the observation of LSPs in Bi2Se3 topological insulator hierarchical nanoflowers, which are consisted of a large number of Bi2Se3 nanocrystals. The existence of LSPs can be demonstrated by surface enhanced Raman scattering and absorbance spectra ranging from ultraviolet to near-infrared. LSPs produce an enhanced photothermal effect stimulated by near-infrared laser. The excellent photothermal conversion effect can be ascribed to the existence of topological surface states, and provides us a new way for practical application of topological insulators in nanoscale heat source and cancer therapy. PMID:27172827

Localized surface plasmon enhanced photothermal conversion in Bi2Se3 topological insulator nanoflowers.

PubMed

Guozhi, Jia; Peng, Wang; Yanbang, Zhang; Kai, Chang

2016-05-12

Localized surface plasmons (LSP), the confined collective excitations of electrons in noble metal and doped semiconductor nanostructures, enhance greatly local electric field near the surface of the nanostructures and result in strong optical response. LSPs of ordinary massive electrons have been investigated for a long time and were used as basic ingredient of plasmonics and metamaterials. LSPs of massless Dirac electrons, which could result in novel tunable plasmonic metamaterials in the terahertz and infrared frequency regime, are relatively unexplored. Here we report for first time the observation of LSPs in Bi2Se3 topological insulator hierarchical nanoflowers, which are consisted of a large number of Bi2Se3 nanocrystals. The existence of LSPs can be demonstrated by surface enhanced Raman scattering and absorbance spectra ranging from ultraviolet to near-infrared. LSPs produce an enhanced photothermal effect stimulated by near-infrared laser. The excellent photothermal conversion effect can be ascribed to the existence of topological surface states, and provides us a new way for practical application of topological insulators in nanoscale heat source and cancer therapy.

Polydopamine-coated gold nanostars for CT imaging and enhanced photothermal therapy of tumors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Du; Shi, Xiangyang; Jin, Dayong

2016-12-01

The advancement of biocompatible nanoplatforms with dual functionalities of diagnosis and therapeutics is strongly demanded in biomedicine in recent years. In this work, we report the synthesis and characterization of polydopamine (pD)-coated gold nanostars (Au NSs) for computed tomography (CT) imaging and enhanced photothermal therapy (PTT) of tumors. Au NSs were firstly formed via a seed-mediated growth method and then stabilized with thiolated polyethyleneimine (PEI-SH), followed by deposition of pD on their surface. The formed pD-coated Au NSs (Au-PEI@pD NSs) were well characterized. We show that the Au-PEI@pD NSs are able to convert the absorbed near-infrared laser light into heat, and have strong X-ray attenuation property. Due to the co-existence of Au NSs and the pD, the light to heat conversion efficiency of the NSs can be significantly enhanced. These very interesting properties allow their uses as a powerful theranostic nanoplatform for efficient CT imaging and enhanced phtotothermal therapy of cancer cells in vitro and the xenografted tumor model in vivo. With the easy functionalization nature enabled by the coated pD shell, the developed pD-coated Au NSs may be developed as a versatile nanoplatform for targeted CT imaging and PTT of different types of cancer.

In Vitro and In Vivo Tumor Targeted Photothermal Cancer Therapy Using Functionalized Graphene Nanoparticles.

PubMed

Kim, Sung Han; Lee, Jung Eun; Sharker, Shazid Md; Jeong, Ji Hoon; In, Insik; Park, Sung Young

2015-11-09

Despite the tremendous progress that photothermal therapy (PTT) has recently achieved, it still has a long way to go to gain the effective targeted photothermal ablation of tumor cells. Driven by this need, we describe a new class of targeted photothermal therapeutic agents for cancer cells with pH responsive bioimaging using near-infrared dye (NIR) IR825, conjugated poly(ethylene glycol)-g-poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PEG-g-PDMA, PgP), and hyaluronic acid (HA) anchored reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hybrid nanoparticles. The obtained rGO nanoparticles (PgP/HA-rGO) showed pH-dependent fluorescence emission and excellent near-infrared (NIR) irradiation of cancer cells targeted in vitro to provide cytotoxicity. Using intravenously administered PTT agents, the time-dependent in vivo tumor target accumulation was exactly defined, presenting eminent photothermal conversion at 4 and 8 h post-injection, which was demonstrated from the ex vivo biodistribution of tumors. These tumor environment responsive hybrid nanoparticles generated photothermal heat, which caused dominant suppression of tumor growth. The histopathological studies obtained by H&E staining demonstrated complete healing from malignant tumor. In an area of limited successes in cancer therapy, our translation will pave the road to design stimulus environment responsive targeted PTT agents for the safe eradication of devastating cancer.

Microstructure and thermal stability of Cu/Zr0.3Al0.7N/Zr0.2Al0.8N/Al34O60N6 cermet-based solar selective absorbing coatings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meng, Jian-ping; Guo, Rui-rui; Li, Hu; Zhao, Lu-ming; Liu, Xiao-peng; Li, Zhou

2018-05-01

Solar selective absorbing coatings play a valuable role in photo-thermal conversion for high efficiency concentrating solar power systems (CSP). In this paper, a novel Cu/Zr0.3Al0.7N/Zr0.2Al0.8N/Al34O60N6 cermet-based solar selective absorbing coating was successfully deposited by ion beam assisted deposition. The optical properties, microstructure and element distribution in depth were investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry, UV-vis-NIR spectrophotometer, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), respectively. A high absorptance of 0.953 and a low thermal emittance of 0.079 at 400 °C are obtained by the integral computation according to the whole reflectance from 300 nm to 28,800 nm. After annealing treatment at 400 °C (in vacuum) for 192 h, the deposited coating exhibits the high thermal stability. Whereas, the photothermal conversion efficiency decreases from 12.10 to 6.86 due to the emittance increase after annealing at 600 °C for 192 h. Meanwhile, the nitrogen atom in the Zr0.3Al0.7N sub-layer diffuses toward the adjacent sub-layer due to the spinodal decomposition of metastable c-ZrAlN and the phase transition from c-AlN to h-AlN, which leads to the composition of the Zr0.3Al0.7N sub-layer deviates the initial design. This phenomenon has a guide effect for the thermal-stability improvement of cermet coatings. Additionally, a serious diffusion between copper and silicon substrate also contributes to the emittance increase.

Zr-ZrO2 cermet solar coatings designed by modelling calculations and deposited by dc magnetron sputtering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Qi-Chu; Hadavi, M. S.; Lee, K.-D.; Shen, Y. G.

2003-03-01

High solar performance Zr-ZrO2 cermet solar coatings were designed using a numerical computer model and deposited experimentally. The layer thickness and Zr metal volume fraction for the Zr-ZrO2 cermet solar selective coatings on a Zr or Al reflector with a surface ZrO2 or Al2O3 anti-reflection layer were optimized to achieve maximum photo-thermal conversion efficiency at 80°C under concentration factors of 1-20 using the downhill simplex method in multi-dimensions in the numerical calculation. The dielectric function and the complex refractive index of Zr-ZrO2 cermet materials were calculated using Sheng's approximation. Optimization calculations show that Al2O3/Zr-ZrO2/Al solar coatings with two cermet layers and three cermet layers have nearly identical solar absorptance, emittance and photo-thermal conversion efficiency that are much better than those for films with one cermet layer. The optimized Al2O3/Zr-ZrO2/Al solar coating film with two cermet layers has a high solar absorptance value of 0.97 and low hemispherical emittance value of 0.05 at 80°C for a concentration factor of 2. The Al2O3/Zr-ZrO2/Al solar selective coatings with two cermet layers were deposited using dc magnetron sputtering technology. During the deposition of Zr-ZrO2 cermet layer, a Zr metallic target was run in a gas mixture of argon and oxygen. By control of oxygen flow rate the different metal volume fractions in the cermet layers were achieved using dc reactive sputtering. A solar absorptance of 0.96 and normal emittance of 0.05 at 80°C were achieved.

Transient enhancement and spectral narrowing of the photothermal effect of plasmonic nanoparticles under pulsed excitation.

PubMed

Lukianova-Hleb, Ekaterina Y; Volkov, Alexey N; Wu, Xiangwei; Lapotko, Dmitri O

2013-02-06

The transient 100-fold enhancement and spectral narrowing to 2 nm of the photothermal conversion by solid gold nanospheres under near-infrared excitation with a short laser pulse is reported. This non-stationary effect was observed for a wide range of optical fluences starting from 10 mJ cm(-2) for single nanospheres, their ensembles and aggregated clusters in water, in vitro and in vivo. Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Photothermal-enhanced catalysis in core-shell plasmonic hierarchical Cu7S4 microsphere@zeolitic imidazole framework-8.

PubMed

Wang, Feifan; Huang, Yanjie; Chai, Zhigang; Zeng, Min; Li, Qi; Wang, Yuan; Xu, Dongsheng

2016-12-01

Conventional semiconductor photocatalysis based on band-edge absorption remains inefficient due to the limited harvesting of solar irradiation and the complicated surface/interface chemistry. Herein, novel photothermal-enhanced catalysis was achieved in a core-shell hierarchical Cu 7 S 4 nano-heater@ZIF-8 heterostructures via near-infrared localized surface plasmon resonance. Our results demonstrated that both the high surface temperature of the photothermal Cu 7 S 4 core and the close-adjacency of catalytic ZIF-8 shell contributed to the extremely enhanced catalytic activity. Under laser irradiation (1450 nm, 500 mW), the cyclocondensation reaction rate increased 4.5-5.4 fold compared to that of the process at room temperature, in which the 1.6-1.8 fold enhancement was due to the localized heating effect. The simulated sunlight experiments showed a photothermal activation efficiency (PTAE) of 0.07%, further indicating the validity of photothermal catalysis based on the plasmonic semiconductor nanomaterials. More generally, this approach provides a platform to improve reaction activity with efficient utilization of solar energy, which can be readily extended to other green-chemistry processes.

The polyvinylpyrrolidone functionalized rGO/Bi2S3 nanocomposite as a near-infrared light-responsive nanovehicle for chemo-photothermal therapy of cancer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dou, Ruixia; Du, Zhen; Bao, Tao; Dong, Xinghua; Zheng, Xiaopeng; Yu, Miao; Yin, Wenyan; Dong, Binbin; Yan, Liang; Gu, Zhanjun

2016-06-01

Recently, a combination of chemotherapy with photothermal therapy (PTT) has received great attention for the construction of a near infrared (NIR)-controlled drug-delivery system for synergistic treatment of cancer, ultimately resulting in the enhancement of the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs. Here, we developed a novel system for synergistic cancer therapy based on bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) nanoparticle-decorated graphene functionalized with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (named PVP-rGO/Bi2S3). The as-prepared PVP-rGO/Bi2S3 nanocomposite has a high storage capacity for anticancer drugs (~500% for doxorubicin (DOX)) and simultaneously has perfect photothermal conversion efficiency in the NIR region. The results of the in vitro accumulative drug release test manifests that the PVP-rGO/Bi2S3 nanocomposite could be applied as a dual pH- and NIR-responsive nanotherapeutic carrier for the controlled release of DOX from DOX-loaded PVP-rGO/Bi2S3 (PVP-rGO/Bi2S3@DOX). Moreover, the treatment of both cancer cells (including Hela, MCF-7, HepG2 and BEL-7402 cells) and BEL-7402 tumor-bearing mice with the PVP-rGO/Bi2S3@DOX complex followed by NIR laser irradiation produces significantly greater inhibition of cancer cell growth than the treatment with NIR irradiation alone or DOX alone, exhibiting a synergistic antitumor effect. Furthermore, due to the obvious NIR and X-ray absorption ability, the PVP-rGO/Bi2S3 nanocomposite could be employed as a dual-modal contrast agent for both photoacoustic tomography and X-ray computed tomography imaging. In addition to the good biocompatibility, the PVP-rGO/Bi2S3 nanocomposite paves a potential way for the fabrication of theranostic agents for dual-modal imaging-guided chemo-photothermal combined cancer therapy.Recently, a combination of chemotherapy with photothermal therapy (PTT) has received great attention for the construction of a near infrared (NIR)-controlled drug-delivery system for synergistic treatment of cancer, ultimately resulting in the enhancement of the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs. Here, we developed a novel system for synergistic cancer therapy based on bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) nanoparticle-decorated graphene functionalized with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (named PVP-rGO/Bi2S3). The as-prepared PVP-rGO/Bi2S3 nanocomposite has a high storage capacity for anticancer drugs (~500% for doxorubicin (DOX)) and simultaneously has perfect photothermal conversion efficiency in the NIR region. The results of the in vitro accumulative drug release test manifests that the PVP-rGO/Bi2S3 nanocomposite could be applied as a dual pH- and NIR-responsive nanotherapeutic carrier for the controlled release of DOX from DOX-loaded PVP-rGO/Bi2S3 (PVP-rGO/Bi2S3@DOX). Moreover, the treatment of both cancer cells (including Hela, MCF-7, HepG2 and BEL-7402 cells) and BEL-7402 tumor-bearing mice with the PVP-rGO/Bi2S3@DOX complex followed by NIR laser irradiation produces significantly greater inhibition of cancer cell growth than the treatment with NIR irradiation alone or DOX alone, exhibiting a synergistic antitumor effect. Furthermore, due to the obvious NIR and X-ray absorption ability, the PVP-rGO/Bi2S3 nanocomposite could be employed as a dual-modal contrast agent for both photoacoustic tomography and X-ray computed tomography imaging. In addition to the good biocompatibility, the PVP-rGO/Bi2S3 nanocomposite paves a potential way for the fabrication of theranostic agents for dual-modal imaging-guided chemo-photothermal combined cancer therapy. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Figures. See DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01543c

Thermal and photo-thermal PROX reaction over Ag/SiO2 catalysts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sabinas-Hernández, S. A.; Romero-Núñez, A.; Díaz, G.

2018-02-01

The effect of plasmonic excitation of Ag/SiO2 catalysts was studied in the preferential CO oxidation in presence of H2 (PROX) at low temperature. Catalysts with 5 wt% silver loading were prepared by wet impregnation in aqueous and basic media. TEM analysis indicates the presence of Ag nanoparticles with a broad particle size distribution which can achieve both, good PROX activity at low temperature and plasmonic interaction with visible light. Photo-assisted reaction at 35 °C enhance CO and O2 conversions; however, the greater improvement was found for O2 conversion. The selectivity towards CO2 decrease when reaction took place under photo-thermal conditions. Occurrence of different silver species and particle size changed after reaction as evidenced by DRS-UV-vis and TEM.

Versatile molybdenum disulfide based antibacterial composites for in vitro enhanced sterilization and in vivo focal infection therapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Wentao; Shi, Shuo; Wang, Yanru; Yu, Shaoxuan; Zhu, Wenxin; Zhang, Xu; Zhang, Daohong; Yang, Baowei; Wang, Xin; Wang, Jianlong

2016-06-01

Biologically, MoS2-based nanostructures have been intensely applied for the photothermal therapy of cancer, but rarely for antibacterial uses. In this contribution, a multifunctional chitosan (CS) functionalized magnetic MoS2 (abbreviated to CFM) was constructed to nonspecifically combat bacterial infection by integrating bacterial conjugation and enrichment, and NIR-triggered photothermal sterilization. Owing to the abundant introduced amino groups, the CFM complex offers a significantly enhanced conjugation efficiency without obvious specificity towards both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria compared to amino-free magnetic MoS2. The magnetic properties of CFM obtained from iron oxide facilitate the enrichment of a CFM-bacteria conjugate, improving the photothermal efficiency of CFM as a photothermal antibacterial agent. Specifically, after being trapped together with bacteria cells, CFM shows an enhanced in vitro photothermal sterilization ability. In vivo S. aureus-induced abscess treatment studies show faster healing when CFM is used as subcutaneous nano-localized heating sources with the assistance of an external magnet to concentrate the CFM-bacteria conjugate. This work establishes an innovative solution and a novel antimicrobial agent for combating bacterial infections without the use of antibiotics, which may open a new area of application and research for MoS2-based nanostructures.Biologically, MoS2-based nanostructures have been intensely applied for the photothermal therapy of cancer, but rarely for antibacterial uses. In this contribution, a multifunctional chitosan (CS) functionalized magnetic MoS2 (abbreviated to CFM) was constructed to nonspecifically combat bacterial infection by integrating bacterial conjugation and enrichment, and NIR-triggered photothermal sterilization. Owing to the abundant introduced amino groups, the CFM complex offers a significantly enhanced conjugation efficiency without obvious specificity towards both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria compared to amino-free magnetic MoS2. The magnetic properties of CFM obtained from iron oxide facilitate the enrichment of a CFM-bacteria conjugate, improving the photothermal efficiency of CFM as a photothermal antibacterial agent. Specifically, after being trapped together with bacteria cells, CFM shows an enhanced in vitro photothermal sterilization ability. In vivo S. aureus-induced abscess treatment studies show faster healing when CFM is used as subcutaneous nano-localized heating sources with the assistance of an external magnet to concentrate the CFM-bacteria conjugate. This work establishes an innovative solution and a novel antimicrobial agent for combating bacterial infections without the use of antibiotics, which may open a new area of application and research for MoS2-based nanostructures. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Experimental details, characterization and supporting figures. See DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01243d

Preparation of gold nanoparticle aggregates and their photothermal heating property.

PubMed

Kim, Jun-Hyun; Lavin, Brian W

2011-01-01

This report describes simple synthetic strategies to prepare partially aggregated gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and their ability to produce photothermally-induced heating of an aqueous medium upon exposure to broadband light. The formation of various GNPs and their aggregates were accomplished in the absence of surfactants at room temperature. The morphologies, structures, and absorption properties of these GNPs were carefully characterized. Given that the resulting GNPs possessing strong and wide absorption bands fall in the most intense solar radiation spectrum, the photothermally-induced heating of water was examined in the presence of the GNPs via irradiation with a solar simulator (i.e., 100 mW/cm2; 1-sun condition). Our GNPs exhibited a slightly greater increase in the water temperature (3-4 degrees C) than that of conventional citrate-stabilized GNPs. This superior photothermal heating property of our GNPs directly indicated that the intense and broad absorption band effectively improved the conversion of highly absorbed photon energy into heat.

Synthesis of photothermal nanocomposites and their application to antibacterial assays

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Ning; Wang, Chun; Wang, Xiaoyu; Li, Lidong

2018-04-01

In this work, we report a novel gold nanorod (AuNR)-based nanocomposite that shows strong binding to bacterium and high antibacterial efficiency. The AuNRs were used as a photothermal material to transform near-infrared radiation (NIR) into heat. We selected poly (acrylic acid) to modify the surface of the AuNRs based on a simple self-assembly method. After conjugation of the bacterium-binding molecule vancomycin, the nanocomposites were capable of efficiently gathering on the cell walls of bacteria. The nanocomposites exhibited a high bacterial inhibition capability owing to NIR-induced heat generation in situ. Therefore, the prepared photothermal nanocomposites show great potential for use in antibacterial assays.

Vertically Aligned Graphene Sheets Membrane for Highly Efficient Solar Thermal Generation of Clean Water.

PubMed

Zhang, Panpan; Li, Jing; Lv, Lingxiao; Zhao, Yang; Qu, Liangti

2017-05-23

Efficient utilization of solar energy for clean water is an attractive, renewable, and environment friendly way to solve the long-standing water crisis. For this task, we prepared the long-range vertically aligned graphene sheets membrane (VA-GSM) as the highly efficient solar thermal converter for generation of clean water. The VA-GSM was prepared by the antifreeze-assisted freezing technique we developed, which possessed the run-through channels facilitating the water transport, high light absorption capacity for excellent photothermal transduction, and the extraordinary stability in rigorous conditions. As a result, VA-GSM has achieved average water evaporation rates of 1.62 and 6.25 kg m -2 h -1 under 1 and 4 sun illumination with a superb solar thermal conversion efficiency of up to 86.5% and 94.2%, respectively, better than that of most carbon materials reported previously, which can efficiently produce the clean water from seawater, common wastewater, and even concentrated acid and/or alkali solutions.

PEGylated Cu3BiS3 hollow nanospheres as a new photothermal agent for 980 nm-laser-driven photothermochemotherapy and a contrast agent for X-ray computed tomography imaging.

PubMed

Zhou, Shu-Mei; Ma, De-Kun; Zhang, Sheng-Hui; Wang, Wei; Chen, Wei; Huang, Shao-Ming; Yu, Kang

2016-01-21

Developing multifunctional near-infrared (NIR) light-driven photothermal agents is in high demand for efficient cancer therapy. Herein, PEGylated Cu3BiS3 hollow nanospheres (HNSs) with an average diameter of 80 nm were synthesized through a facile ethylene glycol-mediated solvothermal route. The obtained PEGylated Cu3BiS3 HNSs exhibited strong NIR optical absorption with a large molar extinction coefficient of 4.1 × 10(9) cm(-1) M(-1) at 980 nm. Under the irradiation of a 980 nm laser with a safe power density of 0.72 W cm(-2), Cu3BiS3 HNSs produced significant photothermal heating with a photothermal transduction efficiency of 27.5%. The Cu3BiS3 HNSs also showed a good antitumoral drug doxorubicin (DOX) loading capacity and pH- and NIR-responsive DOX release behaviors. At a low dosage of 10 μg mL(-1), HeLa cells could be efficiently killed through a synergistic effect of chemo- and photothermo-therapy respectively based on the DOX release and the photothermal effect of Cu3BiS3 HNSs. In addition, Cu3BiS3 HNSs displayed a good X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging capability. Furthermore, Cu3BiS3 HNSs could be used for efficient in vivo photothermochemotherapy and X-ray CT imaging of mice bearing melanoma skin cancer. This multifunctional theranostic nanomaterial shows potential promise for cancer therapy.

Fabrication of Graphene and AuNP Core Polyaniline Shell Nanocomposites as Multifunctional Theranostic Platforms for SERS Real-time Monitoring and Chemo-photothermal Therapy

PubMed Central

Chen, Haolin; Liu, Zhiming; Li, Songyang; Su, Chengkang; Qiu, Xuejun; Zhong, Huiqing; Guo, Zhouyi

2016-01-01

In this work, novel theranostic platforms based on graphene oxide and AuNP core polyaniline shell (GO-Au@PANI) nanocomposites are fabricated for simultaneous SERS imaging and chemo-photothermal therapy. PANI, a new NIR photothermal therapy agent with strong NIR absorption, outstanding stability and low cytotoxicity is decorated on AuNPs by one-pot oxidative polymerization, then the Au@PANI core-shell nanoparticles are attached to the graphene oxide (GO) sheet via π-π stacking and electrostatic interaction. The obtained GO-Au@PANI nanohybirds exhibit excellent NIR photothermal transduction efficiency and ultrahigh drug-loading capacity. The nanocomposites can also serve as novel NIR SERS probes utilizing the intense SERS signals of PANI. Rapid SERS imaging of cancer cells is achieved using this ultrasensitive nanoprobe. GO-Au@PANI also reveals good capability of drug delivery with the DOX-loading efficiency of 189.2% and sensitive NIR/pH-responsive DOX release. The intracellular real-time drug release dynamics from the nanocomposites is monitored by SERS-fluorescence dual mode imaging. Finally, chemo-photothermal ablation of cancer cells is carried out in vitro and in vivo using GO-Au@PANI as high-performance chemo-photothermal therapeutic nanoagent. The theranostic applications of GO-Au@PANI endow it with great potential for personalized and precise cancer medicine. PMID:27279904

Targeted Delivery of siRNA with pH-Responsive Hybrid Gold Nanostars for Cancer Treatment

PubMed Central

Zhu, Hongyan; Liu, Wanwan; Cheng, Ziting; Yao, Ke; Yang, Yu; Xu, Bohui

2017-01-01

In this work, we report the engineering of gold nanostars (GNS) to deliver small interfering RNA (siRNA) into HepG2 cells. The ligand DG-PEG-Lipoic acid (LA)-Lys-9R (hydrazone) was designed to functionalize GNS, and create the nanoparticles named as 9R/DG-GNS (hydrazone). In the ligand, 2-deoxyglucose (DG) is the targeting molecule, polyethylene glycol (PEG) helps to improve the dispersity and biocompatibility, 9-poly-d-arginine (9R) is employed to provide a positive surface charge and adsorb negative siRNA, and hydrazone bonds are pH-responsive and can avoid receptor-mediated endosomal recycling. Compared to GNS alone, 9R/DG-GNS (hydrazone) showed superior transfection efficiency. The expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in HepG2 and SGC7901 cells were significantly suppressed by siRNA/9R/DG-GNS (hydrazone) complex. Notably, 9R/DG-GNS (hydrazone) possessed low cytotoxicity even at high concentrations in both normal cells and tumor cells. The combination treatment of siRNA/9R/DG-GNS (hydrazone) complex inhibited the cell growth rate by more than 75%. These results verified that the pH-responsive GNS complex is a promising siRNA delivery system for cancer therapy, and it is anticipated that near-infrared absorbing GNS with good photothermal conversion efficiency can be potentially used for photothermal therapy of tumors. PMID:28937584

Enhancement of photothermal heat generation by metallodielectric nanoplasmonic clusters.

PubMed

Ahmadivand, Arash; Pala, Nezih; Güney, Durdu Ö

2015-06-01

A four-member homogenous quadrumer composed of silver core-shell nanostructures is tailored to enhance photothermal heat generation efficiency in sub-nanosecond time scale. Calculating the plasmonic and photothermal responses of metallic cluster, we show that it is possible to achieve thermal heat flux generation of 64.7 μW.cm^-2 and temperature changes in the range of ΔT = 150 K, using Fano resonant effect. Photothermal heat generation efficiency is even further enhanced by adding carbon nanospheres to the offset gap between particles and obtained thermal heat flux generation of 93.3 μW.cm^-2 and temperature increase of ΔT = 172 K. It is also shown that placement of dielectric spheres gives rise to arise collective magnetic dark plasmon modes that improves the quality of the observed Fano resonances. The presented data attests the superior performance of the proposed metallodielectric structures to utilize in practical tumor and cancer therapies and drug delivery applications.

Copper Selenide Nanocrystals for Photothermal Therapy

PubMed Central

Hessel, Colin M.; Pattani, Varun; Rasch, Michael; Panthani, Matthew G.; Koo, Bonil; Tunnell, James W.; Korgel, Brian A.

2011-01-01

Ligand-stabilized copper selenide (Cu2−xSe) nanocrystals, approximately 16 nm in diameter, were synthesized by a colloidal hot injection method and coated with amphiphilic polymer. The nanocrystals readily disperse in water and exhibit strong near infrared (NIR) optical absorption with a high molar extinction coefficient of 7.7 × 107 cm−1 M−1 at 980 nm. When excited with 800 nm light, the Cu2−xSe nanocrystals produce significant photothermal heating with a photothermal transduction efficiency of 22%, comparable to nanorods and nanoshells of gold (Au). In vitro photothermal heating of Cu2−xSe nanocrystals in the presence of human colorectal cancer cell (HCT-116) led to cell destruction after 5 minutes of laser irradiation at 33 W/cm2, demonstrating the viabilitiy of Cu2−xSe nanocrystals for photothermal therapy applications. PMID:21553924

Plasmonic photothermal accumulation of particles by a microfiber decorated with gold nanostructures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Ying; Hu, Yanjun; Wu, Xingda

2017-08-01

This paper introduces an efficient method for accumulation of particles via thermophoresis and thermal convection sustained by localized surface plasmon energy. Gold nanorods were deposited on the designated surface of a microfiber, when a 808 nm laser at an optical power of 12 mV launched into the microfiber, particles dispersed in the water were massively trapped and aggregated on the substrate. This work is envisioned to have application in photothermal cancer therapy, photothermal imaging, and targeted drug delivery.

Integration of Photothermal Effect and Heat Insulation to Efficiently Reduce Reaction Temperature of CO2 Hydrogenation.

PubMed

Zhang, Wenbo; Wang, Liangbing; Wang, Kaiwen; Khan, Munir Ullah; Wang, Menglin; Li, Hongliang; Zeng, Jie

2017-02-01

The photothermal effect is applied in CO 2 hydrogenation to reduce the reaction temperature under illumination by encapsulating Pt nanocubes and Au nanocages into a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8). Under illumination, the heat generated by the photothermal effect of Au nanocages is mainly insulated in the ZIF-8 to form a localized high-temperature region, thereby improving the catalytic activity of Pt nanocubes. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Aptamer-conjugated gold nanorod for photothermal ablation of epidermal growth factor receptor-overexpressed epithelial cancer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Choi, Jihye; Park, Yeonji; Choi, Eun Bi; Kim, Hyun-Ouk; Kim, Dong Joo; Hong, Yoochan; Ryu, Sung-Ho; Lee, Jung Hwan; Suh, Jin-Suck; Yang, Jaemoon; Huh, Yong-Min; Haam, Seungjoo

2014-05-01

Biomarker-specific photothermal nanoparticles that can efficiently sense markers that are overexpressed in distinguished adenocarcinomas have attracted much interest in an aspect of efficacy increase of cancer treatment. We demonstrated a promising prospect of a smart photothermal therapy agent employing anti-epidermal growth factor receptor aptamer (AptEGFR)-conjugated polyethylene glycol (PEG) layted gold nanorods (AptEGFR-PGNRs). The cetyltrimethylammonium bromide bilayer on GNRs was replaced with heterobifunctional PEG (COOH-PEG-SH) not only to serve as a biocompatible stabilizer and but also to conjugate Apt. Subsequently, to direct photothermal therapy agent toward epithelial cancer cells, the carboxylated PEGylated GNRs (PGNRs) were further functionalized with Apt using carbodiimide chemistry. Then, to assess the potential as biomarker-specific photothermal therapy agent of synthesized Apt-PGNRs, the optical properties, biocompatibility, colloidal stability, binding affinity, and epicellial cancer cell killing efficacy in vitro/in vivo under near-infrared laser irradiation were investigated. As a result, Apt-PGNRs exhibit excellent tumor targeting ability and feasibility of effective photothermal ablation cancer therapy.

Theranostic nanoplatform based on polypyrrole nanoparticles for photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Hui; Li, Wenchao; Cao, Yang; Guo, Yuan; Kang, Yuejun

2018-03-01

Development of effective theranostic nanoplatforms against malignant tumor is still a challenge. With desirable near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive properties, polypyrrole nanoparticles (PPy NPs) are one of the promising theranostic candidates for cancer photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy. Here, PPy NPs with distinct sizes were prepared using a facile aqueous dispersion polymerization method. The formed PPy NPs are uniform in size with narrow size distribution. Characterization data show that PPy NPs with a diameter around 50 nm (P50) display stronger absorption in the NIR range compared to 40 and 60 nm PPy NPs, which further influences their photo-responsive properties. Due to their higher NIR absorption, P50 NPs have better photoacoustic imaging property and photothermal conversion ability than the other two kinds of PPy NPs. The photothermal stability of P50 NPs was proved to be excellent. The CCK-8 assays show that PPy NPs have obvious acute cytotoxicity within 6 h and desirable cytocompatibility for longer incubation time (12 and 24 h). After 6-h incubation, P50 NPs could be internalized by HeLa cells. Their photothermal tumor ablation effect was demonstrated under 808-nm laser irradiation. These findings may provide in-depth understanding of the PPy-based multifunctional nanomaterials for the development of theranostic systems against cancer.

Immuno gold nanocages with tailored optical properties for targeted photothermal destruction of cancer cells.

PubMed

Chen, Jingyi; Wang, Danling; Xi, Jiefeng; Au, Leslie; Siekkinen, Andy; Warsen, Addie; Li, Zhi-Yuan; Zhang, Hui; Xia, Younan; Li, Xingde

2007-05-01

Gold nanocages with a relatively small size (e.g., approximately 45 nm in edge length) have been developed, and the structure of these nanocages was tailored to achieve strong absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region for photothermal cancer treatment. Numerical calculations show that the nanocage has a large absorption cross section of 3.48 x 10(-14) m(2), facilitating conversion of NIR irradiation into heat. The gold nanocages were conjugated with monoclonal antibodies (anti-HER2) to target epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) that are overexpressed on the surface of breast cancer cells (SK-BR-3). Our preliminary photothermal results show that the nanocages strongly absorb light in the NIR region with an intensity threshold of 1.5 W/cm(2) to induce thermal destruction to the cancer cells. In the intensity range of 1.5-4.7 W/cm(2), the circular area of damaged cells increased linearly with the irradiation power density. These results suggest that this new class of bioconjugated gold nanostructures, immuno gold nanocages, can potentially serve as an effective photothermal therapeutic agent for cancer treatment.

Bottom-up synthesis of WS2 nanosheets with synchronous surface modification for imaging guided tumor regression.

PubMed

Wang, Shige; Zhao, Jiulong; Yang, Hailun; Wu, Chenyao; Hu, Fei; Chang, Haizhou; Li, Guixiang; Ma, Dan; Zou, Duowu; Huang, Mingxian

2017-08-01

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been receiving great attention as NIR photothermal transducing agent in tumor photothermal therapy. Keeping in mind the low efficiency of the conventional top-down exfoliated 2D TMDs and the complexity of their surface modifications, we herein proposed a bottom-up strategy for the one-pot hydrothermal and controlled synthesis of surface polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) modified WS 2 nanosheets. The material design was based on the chelating-coordinating effect between the lone pair electrons of oxygen of PVP carbonyl group and the unoccupied orbital (5d orbitals) of tungsten. The WS 2 nanosheets with synchronous surface PVP grafting showed an excellent photothermal conversion performance, while the surface anchored PVP guaranteed its colloidal stability. Moreover, the strong X-ray attenuation ability and near-infrared (NIR) absorbance of WS 2 -PVP 360kDa enabled the sensitive in vitro and in vivo computed tomography and photoacoustic imaging. The WS 2 -PVP 360kDa nanosheets were biocompatible and exhibited promising in vitro and in vivo anti-cancer efficacy. Findings in this report may greatly promote the design of colloidal stable and biocompatible 2D TMDs and their future clinical translations. A bottom-up strategy for the one-pot and controlled synthesis of surface polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) modified WS 2 nanosheets was proposed for the first time. By hydrothermally treating the mixture solution of tetrathiotungstate and PVP, Owing to the chelating-coordinating effect between the lone pair electrons of oxygen of PVP carbonyl group and the unoccupied orbital (5d orbitals) of tungsten, PVP was synchronously graphed on WS 2 -PVP nanosheets surface. The formed WS 2 -PVP nanosheets were colloidal stable, biocompatible, and exhibited promising computed tomography, photoacoustic imaging and tumor photothermal therapy efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. Copyright © 2017 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

In vitro biomechanical properties, fluorescence imaging, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and photothermal therapy evaluation of luminescent functionalized CaMoO4:Eu@Au hybrid nanorods on human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells

PubMed Central

Li, Qifei; Parchur, Abdul K.; Zhou, Anhong

2016-01-01

Abstract Highly dispersible Eu3+-doped CaMoO4@Au-nanorod hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs) exhibit optical properties, such as plasmon resonances in the near-infrared region at 790 nm and luminescence at 615 nm, offering multimodal capabilities: fluorescence imaging, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) detection and photothermal therapy (PTT). HNPs were conjugated with a Raman reporter (4-mercaptobenzoic acid), showing a desired SERS signal (enhancement factor 5.0 × 105). The HNPs have a heat conversion efficiency of 25.6%, and a hyperthermia temperature of 42°C could be achieved by adjusting either concentration of HNPs, or laser power, or irradiation time. HNPs were modified with antibody specific to cancer biomarker epidermal growth factor receptor, then applied to human lung cancer (A549) and mouse hepatocyte cells (AML12), and in vitro PTT effect was studied. In addition, the biomechanical properties of A549 cells were quantified using atomic force microscopy. This study shows the potential applications of these HNPs in fluorescence imaging, SERS detection, and PTT with good photostability and biocompatibility. PMID:27877887

Grain Growth in Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Films Using Sn Vapor Transport for Photovoltaic Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Toyama, Toshihiko; Konishi, Takafumi; Seo, Yuichi; Tsuji, Ryotaro; Terai, Kengo; Nakashima, Yuto; Okamoto, Hiroaki; Tsutsumi, Yasuo

2013-07-01

Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films containing grains grown using Sn vapor transport (TVT) were investigated. Structural characterization revealed that the grain sizes were equal to or larger than the film thickness (1-4 µm) and significantly larger than those in the case of growth without TVT (60 nm). Furthermore, no phase separation was detected. Photothermal diffraction spectroscopy revealed that the optical absorption coefficient was very low in the subgap region, 7×101 cm-1, suggesting the suppression of defect formation. Finally, a TVT-processed thin film was used as an absorber in a solar cell, and a conversion efficiency of 6.9% was achieved.

Effects of cancer cell permeability control on the efficiency of cell damage through surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticle (Conference Presentation)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hsiao, Jen-Hung; Yu, Jian-He; He, Yulu; Tu, Yi-Chou; Hua, Wei-Hsiang; Low, Meng Chun; Hsieh, Cheng-Che; Kiang, Yean-Woei; Yang, Chih-Chung

2017-02-01

Cancer cell killing efficiencies based on the photothermal effect caused by the surface plasmon resonance of metal nanoparticles (NPs) and the photodynamic effect caused by the singlet oxygen generation of a photosensitizer rely on the cell uptake efficiency of metal NP and photosensitizer. Perforation and heating can increase cell membrane permeability and hence can increase the cell uptake efficiency of NPs and drugs. In this paper, we demonstrate the variations of the cell damage efficiency under the illuminations of different lasers, which can produce mainly photothermal effect, mainly photodynamic effect, and mixed effect, when a pre-perforation and a pre-heating processes are applied. Au nanorings (NRIs) with their localized surface plasmon resonance wavelength around 1064 nm are used. The perforation process is undertaken by illuminating the cell samples by a femtosecond laser at 1064 nm with the power density lower than the cell damage threshold intensity. The heating process is implemented by illuminating cells with a low power continuous laser at 1064 nm. It is found that with the pre-perforation and pre-heating processes, the photodynamic effect is enhanced because the internalized Au NRI number and hence the internalized photosensitizer (AlPcS) molecule number are increased. However, the photothermal effect can be reduced because the adsorbed Au NRIs on cell membrane are effectively internalized during the pre-perforation and pre-heating processes. The photothermal effect is more effective when Au NRIs are adsorbed on cell membrane.

Conjugated polymer and drug co-encapsulated nanoparticles for Chemo- and Photo-thermal Combination Therapy with two-photon regulated fast drug release

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yuan, Youyong; Wang, Zuyong; Cai, Pingqiang; Liu, Jie; Liao, Lun-De; Hong, Minghui; Chen, Xiaodong; Thakor, Nitish; Liu, Bin

2015-02-01

The spatial-temporal synchronization of photothermal therapy and chemotherapy is highly desirable for an efficient cancer treatment with synergistic effect. Herein, we developed a chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) and photothermal conjugated polymer (CP) co-loaded nanoplatform using a near-infrared (NIR) laser responsive amphiphilic brush copolymer as the encapsulation matrix. The obtained nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit good monodispersity and excellent stability, which can efficiently convert laser energy into thermal energy for photothermal therapy. Moreover, the hydrophobic polymer matrix bearing a number of 2-diazo-1,2-naphthoquinones (DNQ) moieties could be transformed to a hydrophilic one upon NIR two-photon laser irradiation, which leads to fast drug release. Furthermore, the surface modification of the NPs with cyclic arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (cRGD) tripeptide significantly enhances the accumulation of the NPs within integrin αvβ3 overexpressed cancer cells. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the combination therapy is 13.7 μg mL-1, while the IC50 for chemotherapy and photothermal therapy alone is 147.8 μg mL-1 and 36.2 μg mL-1, respectively. The combination index (C.I.) is 0.48 (<1), which indicates the synergistic effect for chemotherapy and PTT. These findings provide an excellent NIR laser regulated nanoplatform for combined cancer treatment with synergistic effect due to the synchronous chemo- and photo-thermal therapy.

2D Superparamagnetic Tantalum Carbide Composite MXenes for Efficient Breast-Cancer Theranostics

PubMed Central

Liu, Zhuang; Lin, Han; Zhao, Menglong; Dai, Chen; Zhang, Shengjian; Peng, Weijun; Chen, Yu

2018-01-01

Background: The emergence of two-dimensional MXenes has spurred their versatile applications in broad fields, but the exploring of novel MXene-based family members and their potential applications in theranostic nanomedicine (concurrent diagnostic imaging and therapy) have been rarely explored. In this work, we report the construction of a novel superparamagnetic MXene-based theranostic nanoplatform for efficient breast-cancer theranostics, which was based on intriguing tantalum carbide (Ta4C3) MXene and its further rational surface-superparamagnetic iron-oxide functionalization (Ta4C3-IONP-SPs composite MXenes) for efficient breast-cancer theranostic. Methods: The fabrication of ultrathin Ta4C3 nanosheets was based on an exfoliation strategy and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were in-situ grown onto the surface of Ta4C3 MXene according to the redox reaction of MXene. Ta4C3-IONP MXenes were modified with soybean phospholipid (SP) to guarantee high stability in physiological conditions. The photothermal therapy, contrast-enhanced CT, T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and the high biocompatibility of these composite nanosheets have also been evaluated in vitro at cellular level and in vivo on mice breast tumor allograft tumor model. Results: The Ta component of Ta4C3-IONP-SPs exhibits high performance for contrast-enhanced CT imaging because of its high atomic number and high X-ray attenuation coefficient, and the integrated superparamagnetic IONPs act as excellent contrast agents for T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Especially, these Ta4C3-IONP-SPs composite nanosheets with high photothermal-conversion efficiency (η: 32.5%) has achieved complete tumor eradication without reoccurrence, verifying their highly efficient breast-tumor photo-ablation performance. Conclusion: This work not only significantly broadens the biomedical applications of MXene-based nanoplatforms (Ta4C3 MXene) by exploring their novel family members and further functionalization strategies (magnetic functionalization in this work), but also provides a novel and efficient theranostic nanoplatform for efficient breast-cancer theranostics. PMID:29556347

Y2O3:Yb,Er@mSiO2-CuxS double-shelled hollow spheres for enhanced chemo-/photothermal anti-cancer therapy and dual-modal imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Dan; Yang, Guixin; Wang, Xingmei; Lv, Ruichan; Gai, Shili; He, Fei; Gulzar, Arif; Yang, Piaoping

2015-07-01

Multifunctional composites have gained significant interest due to their unique properties which show potential in biological imaging and therapeutics. However, the design of an efficient combination of multiple diagnostic and therapeutic modes is still a challenge. In this contribution, Y2O3:Yb,Er@mSiO2 double-shelled hollow spheres (DSHSs) with up-conversion fluorescence have been successfully prepared through a facile integrated sacrifice template method, followed by a calcination process. It is found that the double-shelled structure with large specific surface area and uniform shape is composed of an inner shell of luminescent Y2O3:Yb,Er and an outer mesoporous silica shell. Ultra small CuxS nanoparticles (about 2.5 nm) served as photothermal agents, and a chemotherapeutic agent (doxorubicin, DOX) was then attached onto the surface of mesoporous silica, forming a DOX-DSHS-CuxS composite. The composite exhibits high anti-cancer efficacy due to the synergistic photothermal therapy (PTT) induced by the attached CuxS nanoparticles and the enhanced chemotherapy promoted by the heat from the CuxS-based PTT when irradiated by 980 nm near-infrared (NIR) light. Moreover, the composite shows excellent in vitro and in vivo X-ray computed tomography (CT) and up-conversion fluorescence (UCL) imaging properties owing to the doped rare earth ions, thus making it possible to achieve the target of imaging-guided synergistic therapy.Multifunctional composites have gained significant interest due to their unique properties which show potential in biological imaging and therapeutics. However, the design of an efficient combination of multiple diagnostic and therapeutic modes is still a challenge. In this contribution, Y2O3:Yb,Er@mSiO2 double-shelled hollow spheres (DSHSs) with up-conversion fluorescence have been successfully prepared through a facile integrated sacrifice template method, followed by a calcination process. It is found that the double-shelled structure with large specific surface area and uniform shape is composed of an inner shell of luminescent Y2O3:Yb,Er and an outer mesoporous silica shell. Ultra small CuxS nanoparticles (about 2.5 nm) served as photothermal agents, and a chemotherapeutic agent (doxorubicin, DOX) was then attached onto the surface of mesoporous silica, forming a DOX-DSHS-CuxS composite. The composite exhibits high anti-cancer efficacy due to the synergistic photothermal therapy (PTT) induced by the attached CuxS nanoparticles and the enhanced chemotherapy promoted by the heat from the CuxS-based PTT when irradiated by 980 nm near-infrared (NIR) light. Moreover, the composite shows excellent in vitro and in vivo X-ray computed tomography (CT) and up-conversion fluorescence (UCL) imaging properties owing to the doped rare earth ions, thus making it possible to achieve the target of imaging-guided synergistic therapy. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: XRD patterns, zeta potential and FT-IR spectra of the samples obtained in different steps. N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm and the pore size distribution of Y2O3:Yb,Er@mSiO2-CuxS. Confocal images of HeLa cancer cells dyed with calcein AM and propidium iodide co-stained cells after treatment of Y2O3:Yb,Er@mSiO2-CuxS without or with 980 nm laser irradiation. CLSM images of HeLa cells incubated with DOX-Y2O3:Yb,Er@mSiO2-NH2-FA-CuxS-PEG and DOX-Y2O3:Yb,Er@mSiO2-NH2-CuxS-PEG for different times. The digital photographs of the H22 tumor-bearing Balb/c mice injected in situ with DOX-Y2O3:Yb,Er@mSiO2-NH2-FA-CuxS-PEG and DOX-Y2O3:Yb,Er@mSiO2-NH2-CuxS-PEG and the corresponding tumor sizes. See DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02269j

Photothermal effects during nanodiamond synthesis from a carbon aerogel in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Crane, Matthew J.; Smith, Bennett E.; Meisenheimer, Peter B.

Nanodiamonds have emerged as promising materials for quantum computing, biolabeling, and sensing due to their ability to host color centers with remarkable photostability and long spin-coherence times at room temperature. Recently, a bottom-up, high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) approach was demonstrated for growing nanodiamonds with color centers from amorphous carbon precursors in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell (LH-DAC) that was supported by a near-hydrostatic noble gas pressure medium. However, a detailed understanding of the photothermal heating and its effect on diamond growth, including the phase conversion conditions and the temperature-dependence of color center formation, has not been reported. In this work, wemore » measure blackbody radiation during LH-DAC synthesis of nanodiamond from carbon aerogel to examine these temperature-dependent effects. Blackbody temperature measurements suggest that nanodiamond growth can occur at 16.3 GPa and 1800 K. We use Mie theory and analytical heat transport to develop a predictive photothermal heating model. This model demonstrates that melting the noble gas pressure medium during laser heating decreases the local thermal conductivity to drive a high spatial resolution of phase conversion to diamond. In conclusion, we observe a temperature-dependent formation of nitrogen vacancy centers and interpret this phenomenon in the context of HPHT carbon vacancy diffusion.« less

Photothermal effects during nanodiamond synthesis from a carbon aerogel in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell

DOE PAGES

Crane, Matthew J.; Smith, Bennett E.; Meisenheimer, Peter B.; ...

2018-05-17

Nanodiamonds have emerged as promising materials for quantum computing, biolabeling, and sensing due to their ability to host color centers with remarkable photostability and long spin-coherence times at room temperature. Recently, a bottom-up, high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) approach was demonstrated for growing nanodiamonds with color centers from amorphous carbon precursors in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell (LH-DAC) that was supported by a near-hydrostatic noble gas pressure medium. However, a detailed understanding of the photothermal heating and its effect on diamond growth, including the phase conversion conditions and the temperature-dependence of color center formation, has not been reported. In this work, wemore » measure blackbody radiation during LH-DAC synthesis of nanodiamond from carbon aerogel to examine these temperature-dependent effects. Blackbody temperature measurements suggest that nanodiamond growth can occur at 16.3 GPa and 1800 K. We use Mie theory and analytical heat transport to develop a predictive photothermal heating model. This model demonstrates that melting the noble gas pressure medium during laser heating decreases the local thermal conductivity to drive a high spatial resolution of phase conversion to diamond. In conclusion, we observe a temperature-dependent formation of nitrogen vacancy centers and interpret this phenomenon in the context of HPHT carbon vacancy diffusion.« less

Ultra-sensitive all-fibre photothermal spectroscopy with large dynamic range

PubMed Central

Jin, Wei; Cao, Yingchun; Yang, Fan; Ho, Hoi Lut

2015-01-01

Photothermal interferometry is an ultra-sensitive spectroscopic means for trace chemical detection in gas- and liquid-phase materials. Previous photothermal interferometry systems used free-space optics and have limitations in efficiency of light–matter interaction, size and optical alignment, and integration into photonic circuits. Here we exploit photothermal-induced phase change in a gas-filled hollow-core photonic bandgap fibre, and demonstrate an all-fibre acetylene gas sensor with a noise equivalent concentration of 2 p.p.b. (2.3 × 10−9 cm−1 in absorption coefficient) and an unprecedented dynamic range of nearly six orders of magnitude. The realization of photothermal interferometry with low-cost near infrared semiconductor lasers and fibre-based technology allows a class of optical sensors with compact size, ultra sensitivity and selectivity, applicability to harsh environment, and capability for remote and multiplexed multi-point detection and distributed sensing. PMID:25866015

Influence of carbon nanotubes and graphene nanosheets on photothermal effect of hydroxyapatite.

PubMed

Neelgund, Gururaj M; Oki, Aderemi R

2016-12-15

Herein we present a successful strategy for enhancement of photothermal efficiency of hydroxyapatite (HAP) by its conjugation with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanosheets (GR). Owing to excellent biocompatibility with human body and its non-toxicity, implementation of HAP based nanomaterials in photothermal therapy (PTT) provides non-replaceable benefits over PTE agents. Therefore, in this report, it has been experimentally exploited that the photothermal effect (PTE) of HAP has significantly improved by its assembly with CNTs and GR. It is found that the type of carbon nanomaterial used to conjugate with HAP has influence on its PTE in such a way that the photothermal efficiency of GR-HAP was higher than CNTs-COOH-HAP under exposure to 980nm near-infrared (NIR) laser. The temperature attained by aqueous dispersions of both CNTs-COOH-HAP and GR-HAP after illuminating to NIR radiations for 7min was found to be above 50°C, which is beyond the temperature tolerance of cancer cells. So that the rise in temperature shown by both CNTs-COOH-HAP and GR-HAP is enough to induce the death of tumoral or cancerous cells. Overall, this approach in modality of HAP with CNTs and GR provide a great potential for development of future nontoxic PTE agents. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Improving drug accumulation and photothermal efficacy in tumor depending on size of ICG loaded lipid-polymer nanoparticles.

PubMed

Zhao, Pengfei; Zheng, Mingbin; Yue, Caixia; Luo, Zhenyu; Gong, Ping; Gao, Guanhui; Sheng, Zonghai; Zheng, Cuifang; Cai, Lintao

2014-07-01

A key challenge to strengthen anti-tumor efficacy is to improve drug accumulation in tumors through size control. To explore the biodistribution and tumor accumulation of nanoparticles, we developed indocyanine green (ICG) loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) -lecithin-polyethylene glycol (PEG) core-shell nanoparticles (INPs) with 39 nm, 68 nm and 116 nm via single-step nanoprecipitation. These INPs exhibited good monodispersity, excellent fluorescence and size stability, and enhanced temperature response after laser irradiation. Through cell uptake and photothermal efficiency in vitro, we demonstrated that 39 nm INPs were more easily be absorbed by pancreatic carcinoma tumor cells (BxPC-3) and showed better photothermal damage than that of 68 nm and 116 nm size of INPs. Simultaneously, the fluorescence of INPs offered a real-time imaging monitor for subcellular locating and in vivo metabolic distribution. Near-infrared imaging in vivo and photothermal therapy illustrated that 68 nm INPs showed the strongest efficiency to suppress tumor growth due to abundant accumulation in BxPC-3 xenograft tumor model. The findings revealed that a nontoxic, size-dependent, theranostic INPs model was built for in vivo cancer imaging and photothermal therapy without adverse effect. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Gold and CuS as multifunctional theranostics platform for imaging and therapy (Conference Presentation)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Junjie

2017-02-01

Localized surface plasmon resonances arising from the free carriers in copper-deficient copper chalcogenides nanocrystals (Cu2-xE, E=S,Se) enables them with high extinction coefficient in the near-infrared range, which was superior for photothermal related purpose. Although Cu2-xE nanocrystals with different compositions (0< x≪1) all possess NIR absorption, their extinction coefficients were significantly different due to their distinct valence band free carrier concentration. Herein, by optimizing the synthetic conditions, we were able to obtain pure covellite phase CuS nanoparticles with maximized free carrier concentration (x=1), which provides extremely high mass extinction coefficient (up to 60 Lg-1cm-1 at 980 nm and 32.4 Lg-1cm-1 at 800 nm). To the best of our knowledge, these values was maximal among all inorganic nanomaterials. High quality Cu2-xSe can also be obtained with a similar approach. In order to introduce CuS nanocrystals for biomedical applications, we further transferred these nanocrystals into aqueous solution with an amphiphilic polymer and colvalently linked with beta-cyclodextrin. Using host-guest interaction, adamantine-modified RGD peptide can be further anchored on the nanoparticles for the recognition of integrin-positive cancer cells. Together with the high extinction coefficient and outstand photothermal conversion efficiency (determined to be higher than 40%), these CuS nanocrystals were applied for photothermal therapy of cancer cells and photoacoustic imaging. In addition, anticancer drug doxorubicin can also be loading onto the nanoparticles through either hydrophobic or electrostatic interaction for chemotherapy.

Photothermal Activation of Metal-Organic Frameworks Using a UV-Vis Light Source.

PubMed

Espín, Jordi; Garzón-Tovar, Luis; Carné-Sánchez, Arnau; Imaz, Inhar; Maspoch, Daniel

2018-03-21

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) usually require meticulous removal of the solvent molecules to unlock their potential porosity. Herein, we report a novel one-step method for activating MOFs based on the photothermal effect induced by directly irradiating them with a UV-vis lamp. The localized light-to-heat conversion produced in the MOF crystals upon irradiation enables a very fast solvent removal, thereby significantly reducing the activation time to as low as 30 min and suppressing the need for time-consuming solvent-exchange procedures and vacuum conditions. This approach is successful for a broad range of MOFs, including HKUST-1, UiO-66-NH 2 , ZIF-67, CPO-27-M (M = Zn, Ni, and Mg), Fe-MIL-101-NH 2 , and IRMOF-3, all of which exhibit absorption bands in the light emission range. In addition, we anticipate that this photothermal activation can also be used to activate covalent organic frameworks (COFs).

Skin-safe photothermal therapy enabled by responsive release of acid-activated membrane-disruptive polymer from polydopamine nanoparticle upon very low laser irradiation.

PubMed

Zhu, Rui; Gao, Feng; Piao, Ji-Gang; Yang, Lihua

2017-07-25

How to ablate tumor without damaging skin is a challenge for photothermal therapy. We, herein, report skin-safe photothermal cancer therapy provided by the responsive release of acid-activated hemolytic polymer (aHLP) from the photothermal polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticle upon irradiation at very low dosage. Upon skin-permissible irradiation (via an 850 nm laser irradiation at the power density of 0.4 W cm -2 ), the nanoparticle aHLP-PDA generates sufficient localized-heat to bring about mild hyperthermia treatment and consequently, responsively sheds off the aHLP polymer from its PDA nanocore; this leads to selective cytotoxicity to cancer cells under the acidic conditions of the extracellular microenvironment of tumor. As a result, our aHLP-PDA nanoparticle upon irradiation at a low dosage effectively inhibits tumor growth without damaging skin, as demonstrated using animal models. Effective in mitigating the otherwise inevitable skin damage in tumor photothermal therapy, the nanosystem reported herein offers an efficient pathway towards skin-safe photothermal therapy.

Cross-correlation photothermal optical coherence tomography with high effective resolution.

PubMed

Tang, Peijun; Liu, Shaojie; Chen, Junbo; Yuan, Zhiling; Xie, Bingkai; Zhou, Jianhua; Tang, Zhilie

2017-12-01

We developed a cross-correlation photothermal optical coherence tomography (CC-PTOCT) system for photothermal imaging with high lateral and axial resolution. The CC-PTOCT system consists of a phase-sensitive OCT system, a modulated pumping laser, and a digital cross-correlator. The pumping laser was used to induce the photothermal effect in the sample, causing a slight phase modulation of the OCT signals. A spatial phase differentiation method was employed to reduce phase accumulation. The noise brought by the phase differentiation method and the strong background noise were suppressed efficiently by the cross-correlator, which was utilized to extract the photothermal signals from the modulated signals. Combining the cross-correlation technique with spatial phase differentiation can improve both lateral and axial resolution of the PTOCT imaging system. Clear photothermal images of blood capillaries of a mouse ear in vivo were successfully obtained with high lateral and axial resolution. The experimental results demonstrated that this system can enhance the effective transverse resolution, effective depth resolution, and contrast of the PTOCT image effectively, aiding the ongoing development of the accurate 3D functional imaging.

EMERGING TECHNOLOGY BULLETIN: DEVELOPMENT OF A PHOTOTHERMAL DETOXIFICATION UNIT - ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING GROUP - UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON RESEARCH INSTITUTE

EPA Science Inventory

The University of Dayton Research Institute has developed a novel photochemical process embodied in a device called a Photothermal Detoxification Unit (PDU) which offers an efficient means of destroying hazardous organic wastes. The PDU, which overcomes the problems of slow react...

Folate-receptor-targeted NIR-sensitive polydopamine nanoparticles for chemo-photothermal cancer therapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Hao; Jin, Zhen; Cho, Sunghoon; Jeon, Mi Jeong; Du Nguyen, Van; Park, Jong-Oh; Park, Sukho

2017-10-01

We propose the use of folate-receptor-targeted, near-infrared-sensitive polydopamine nanoparticles (NPs) for chemo-photothermal cancer therapy as an enhanced type of drug-delivery system which can be synthesized by in situ polymerization and conjugation with folic acid. The NPs consist of a Fe3O4/Au core, coated polydopamine, conjugated folic acid, and loaded anti-cancer drug (doxorubicin). The proposed multifunctional NPs show many advantages for therapeutic applications such as good biocompatibility and easy bioconjugation. The polydopamine coating of the NPs show a higher photothermal effect and thus more effective cancer killing compared to Fe3O4/Au nanoparticles at the same intensity as near-infrared laser irradiation. In addition, the conjugation of folic acid was shown to enhance cancer cellular uptake efficiency via the folate receptor and thus improve chemotherapeutic efficiency. Through in vitro cancer cell treatment testing, the proposed multifunctional NPs showed advanced photothermal and chemotherapeutic performance. Based on these enhanced anti-cancer properties, we expect that the proposed multifunctional NPs can be used as a drug-delivery system in cancer therapy.

Improved Anticancer Photothermal Therapy Using the Bystander Effect Enhanced by Antiarrhythmic Peptide Conjugated Dopamine-Modified Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite.

PubMed

Yu, Jiantao; Lin, Yu-Hsin; Yang, Lingyan; Huang, Chih-Ching; Chen, Liliang; Wang, Wen-Cheng; Chen, Guan-Wen; Yan, Junyan; Sawettanun, Saranta; Lin, Chia-Hua

2017-01-01

Despite tremendous efforts toward developing novel near-infrared (NIR)-absorbing nanomaterials, improvement in therapeutic efficiency remains a formidable challenge in photothermal cancer therapy. This study aims to synthesize a specific peptide conjugated polydopamine-modified reduced graphene oxide (pDA/rGO) nanocomposite that promotes the bystander effect to facilitate cancer treatment using NIR-activated photothermal therapy. To prepare a nanoplatform capable of promoting the bystander effect in cancer cells, we immobilized antiarrhythmic peptide 10 (AAP10) on the surface of dopamine-modified rGO (AAP10-pDA/rGO). Our AAP10-pDA/rGO could promote the bystander effect by increasing the expression of connexin 43 protein in MCF-7 breast-cancer cells. Because of its tremendous ability to absorb NIR absorption, AAP10-pDA/rGO offers a high photothermal effect under NIR irradiation. This leads to a massive death of MCF-7 cells via the bystander effect. Using tumor-bearing mice as the model, it is found that NIR radiation effectively ablates breast tumor in the presence of AAP10-pDA/rGO and inhibits tumor growth by ≈100%. Therefore, this research integrates the bystander and photothermal effects into a single nanoplatform in order to facilitate an efficient photothermal therapy. Furthermore, our AAP10-pDA/rGO, which exhibits both hyperthermia and the bystander effect, can prevent breast-cancer recurrence and, therefore, has great potential for future clinical and research applications. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

BaTiO3-core Au-shell nanoparticles for photothermal therapy and bimodal imaging.

PubMed

Wang, Yanfei; Barhoumi, Aoune; Tong, Rong; Wang, Weiping; Ji, Tianjiao; Deng, Xiaoran; Li, Lele; Lyon, Sophie A; Reznor, Gally; Zurakowski, David; Kohane, Daniel S

2018-05-01

We report sub-100 nm metal-shell (Au) dielectric-core (BaTiO 3 ) nanoparticles with bimodal imaging abilities and enhanced photothermal effects. The nanoparticles efficiently absorb light in the near infrared range of the spectrum and convert it to heat to ablate tumors. Their BaTiO 3 core, a highly ordered non-centrosymmetric material, can be imaged by second harmonic generation, and their Au shell generates two-photon luminescence. The intrinsic dual imaging capability allows investigating the distribution of the nanoparticles in relation to the tumor vasculature morphology during photothermal ablation. Our design enabled in vivo real-time tracking of the BT-Au-NPs and observation of their thermally-induced effect on tumor vessels. Photothermal therapy induced by plasmonic nanoparticles has emerged as a promising approach to treating cancer. However, the study of the role of intratumoral nanoparticle distribution in mediating tumoricidal activity has been hampered by the lack of suitable imaging techniques. This work describes metal-shell (Au) dielectric-core (BaTiO 3 ) nanoparticles (abbreviated as BT-Au-NP) for photothermal therapy and bimodal imaging. We demonstrated that sub-100 nm BT-Au-NP can efficiently absorb near infrared light and convert it to heat to ablate tumors. The intrinsic dual imaging capability allowed us to investigate the distribution of the nanoparticles in relation to the tumor vasculature morphology during photothermal ablation, enabling in vivo real-time tracking of the BT-Au-NPs and observation of their thermally-induced effect on tumor vessels. Copyright © 2018 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DNA-assisted upconversion nanoplatform for imaging-guided synergistic therapy and laser-switchable drug detoxification.

PubMed

Li, Luoyuan; Hao, Panlong; Wei, Peng; Fu, Limin; Ai, Xicheng; Zhang, Jianping; Zhou, Jing

2017-08-01

The side effects of chemotherapy bring significant physical and psychological suffering to patients. To solve this urgent medical problem, Yb 3+ and Er 3+ co-doped NaLuF 4 upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) were constructed for upconversion luminescence (UCL)-labeled diagnosis under 980 nm laser irradiation. The UCNPs were then modified layer by layer with polypyrrole and a special programming DNA segment as photothermal conversion agents and controllable drug carriers, respectively. The nanoplatform was successfully used for imaging-guided synergistic therapy (photothermal therapy and chemotherapy) at a safe power density (300 mW cm -2 ), and DNA-assisted detoxification at lower temperature in cancer cells when the laser off. The synergistic therapy of the nanoplatform achieved a higher therapeutic index (∼85%) than chemotherapy only (∼44%) and photothermal therapy only (∼25%) in vitro. In vivo experiments also suggested that the nanoplatform had a higher therapeutic effect and lower side effects. The toxicity study was also evaluated, indicating the nanoplatform is low toxic to living system. This multifunctional upconversion nanoplatform provided an innovative method for imaging-guided photothermal-chemotherapy and laser-switchable drug detoxification. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Polypyrrole-based nanotheranostics for activatable fluorescence imaging and chemo/photothermal dual therapy of triple-negative breast cancer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, Dongjin; Ahn, Kyung-Ohk; Jeong, Kyung-Chae; Choi, Yongdoo

2016-05-01

Here, we fabricated polypyrrole nanoparticles (PPys) (termed HA10-PPy, HA20-PPy, and HA40-PPy) doped with different average molecular weight hyaluronic acids (HAs) (10, 20, and 40 kDa, respectively), and evaluated the effect of molecular weight of doped HA on photothermal induction, fluorescence quenching, and drug loading efficiencies. Doxorubicin-loaded HA-doped PPys (DOX@HA-PPys) could be used for imaging and therapy of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Fluorescence turn-on, stimuli-responsive drug release, and photo-induced heating of DOX@HA-PPys enabled not only activatable fluorescence imaging but also subsequent chemo/photothermal dual therapy for TNBC. In particular, we illustrated the potential usefulness of the photothermal effect of the nanoparticles for overcoming chemoresistance in TNBC.

Visible and Near-Infrared Photothermal Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Gaseous CO2 over Nanostructured Pd@Nb2O5.

PubMed

Jia, Jia; O'Brien, Paul G; He, Le; Qiao, Qiao; Fei, Teng; Reyes, Laura M; Burrow, Timothy E; Dong, Yuchan; Liao, Kristine; Varela, Maria; Pennycook, Stephen J; Hmadeh, Mohamad; Helmy, Amr S; Kherani, Nazir P; Perovic, Doug D; Ozin, Geoffrey A

2016-10-01

The reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction driven by Nb 2 O 5 nanorod-supported Pd nanocrystals without external heating using visible and near infrared (NIR) light is demonstrated. By measuring the dependence of the RWGS reaction rates on the intensity and spectral power distribution of filtered light incident onto the nanostructured Pd@Nb 2 O 5 catalyst, it is determined that the RWGS reaction is activated photothermally. That is the RWGS reaction is initiated by heat generated from thermalization of charge carriers in the Pd nanocrystals that are excited by interband and intraband absorption of visible and NIR light. Taking advantage of this photothermal effect, a visible and NIR responsive Pd@Nb 2 O 5 hybrid catalyst that efficiently hydrogenates CO 2 to CO at an impressive rate as high as 1.8 mmol gcat -1 h -1 is developed. The mechanism of this photothermal reaction involves H 2 dissociation on Pd nanocrystals and subsequent spillover of H to the Nb 2 O 5 nanorods whereupon adsorbed CO 2 is hydrogenated to CO. This work represents a significant enhancement in our understanding of the underlying mechanism of photothermally driven CO 2 reduction and will help guide the way toward the development of highly efficient catalysts that exploit the full solar spectrum to convert gas-phase CO 2 to valuable chemicals and fuels.

In vivo photoacoustic monitoring of anti-obesity photothermal lipolysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Donghyun; Lee, Jung Ho; Hahn, Sei Kwang; Kim, Chulhong

2018-02-01

Obesity with a body mass index is greater than 30 kg/m2 is one of the rapidly growing diseases in advanced societies and can lead to stroke, type 2 diabetes, and heart failure. Common methods of removing subcutaneous adipose tissues are liposuction and laser treatment. In this study, we used photoacoustic imaging to monitor the anti-obesity photothermal degradation process. To improve the photothermal lipid degradation efficiency without any invasive methods, we synthesized hyaluronic acid hollow hold nanosphere adipocyte targeting sequence peptide (HA-HAuNS-ATS) conjugates. The conjugate enhanced the skin penetration ability and biodegradability of the nanoparticles using hyaluronate and enhanced the targeting effect on adipose tissue with adipocyte targeting sequence peptide. Thus, the conjugate can be delivered to the adipose tissue by simply spreading the conjugate on the skin without any invasive method. Then, the photothermal lipolysis and delivery of the conjugate were photoacoustically monitored in vivo. These results demonstrate the potential for photoacoustic method to be applied for photothermal lipolysis monitoring.

Doxorubicin and Indocyanine Green Loaded Hybrid Bicelles for Fluorescence Imaging Guided Synergetic Chemo/Photothermal Therapy.

PubMed

Lin, Li; Liang, Xiaolong; Xu, Yunxue; Yang, Yongbo; Li, Xiaoda; Dai, Zhifei

2017-09-20

Hybrid bicelles have been demonstrated to have great potential for hydrophobic drug delivery. Herein, we report a near-infrared light-driven, temperature-sensitive hybrid bicelles co-encapsulating hydrophobic doxorubicin (DOX) and indocyanine green (ICG) (DOX/ICG@HBs). Encapsulation of ICG into the lipid bilayer membrane of DOX/ICG@HBs results in higher photostability than free ICG. DOX/ICG@HBs exhibited temperature-regulated drug release behavior and significant photothermal cytotoxicity. After tail vein injection, such discotic nanoparticles of DOX/ICG@HBs were found to accumulate selectively at the tumor site and act as an efficient probe to enhance fluorescence imaging greatly. The in vivo experiments showed that the DOX/ICG@HBs-mediated chemo- and photothermal combination therapy was more cytotoxic to tumor cells than the photothermal treatment or the chemotherapy alone due to the synergistic effect, reducing the occurrence of tumor metastasis. Therefore, DOX/ICG@HBs can act as a powerful nanotheranostic agent for chemo/photothermal therapy of cancer under the guidance of near-infrared fluorescence imaging.

Photothermal nanodrugs: potential of TNF-gold nanospheres for cancer theranostics

PubMed Central

Shao, Jingwei; Griffin, Robert J.; Galanzha, Ekaterina I.; Kim, Jin-Woo; Koonce, Nathan; Webber, Jessica; Mustafa, Thikra; Biris, Alexandru S.; Nedosekin, Dmitry A.; Zharov, Vladimir P.

2013-01-01

Nanotechnology has been extensively explored for drug delivery. Here, we introduce the concept of a nanodrug based on synergy of photothermally-activated physical and biological effects in nanoparticle-drug conjugates. To prove this concept, we utilized tumor necrosis factor-alpha coated gold nanospheres (Au-TNF) heated by laser pulses. To enhance photothermal efficiency in near-infrared window of tissue transparency we explored slightly ellipsoidal nanoparticles, its clustering, and laser-induced nonlinear dynamic phenomena leading to amplification and spectral sharpening of photothermal and photoacoustic resonances red-shifted relatively to linear plasmonic resonances. Using a murine carcinoma model, we demonstrated higher therapy efficacy of Au-TNF conjugates compared to laser and Au-TNF alone or laser with TNF-free gold nanospheres. The photothermal activation of low toxicity Au-TNF conjugates, which are in phase II trials in humans, with a laser approved for medical applications opens new avenues in the development of clinically relevant nanodrugs with synergistic antitumor theranostic action. PMID:23443065

Protein-based photothermal theranostics for imaging-guided cancer therapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rong, Pengfei; Huang, Peng; Liu, Zhiguo; Lin, Jing; Jin, Albert; Ma, Ying; Niu, Gang; Yu, Lun; Zeng, Wenbin; Wang, Wei; Chen, Xiaoyuan

2015-10-01

The development of imageable photothermal theranostics has attracted considerable attention for imaging guided photothermal therapy (PTT) with high tumor ablation accuracy. In this study, we strategically constructed a near-infrared (NIR) cyanine dye by introducing a rigid cyclohexenyl ring to the heptamethine chain to obtain a heptamethine dye CySCOOH with high fluorescence intensity and good stability. By covalent conjugation of CySCOOH onto human serum albumin (HSA), the as-prepared HSA@CySCOOH nanoplatform is highly efficient for NIR fluorescence/photoacoustic/thermal multimodality imaging and photothermal tumor ablation. The theranostic capability of HSA@CySCOOH was systematically evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Most intriguingly, complete tumor elimination was achieved by intravenous injection of HSA@CySCOOH (CySCOOH, 1 mg kg-1 808 nm, 1.0 W cm-2 for 5 min) into 4T1 tumor-bearing mice, with no weight loss, noticeable toxicity, or tumor recurrence being observed. This as-prepared protein-based nanotheranostics exhibits high water dispersibility, no off target cytotoxicity, and good biodegradability and biocompatibility, thus facilitating its clinical translation to cancer photothermal theranostics.The development of imageable photothermal theranostics has attracted considerable attention for imaging guided photothermal therapy (PTT) with high tumor ablation accuracy. In this study, we strategically constructed a near-infrared (NIR) cyanine dye by introducing a rigid cyclohexenyl ring to the heptamethine chain to obtain a heptamethine dye CySCOOH with high fluorescence intensity and good stability. By covalent conjugation of CySCOOH onto human serum albumin (HSA), the as-prepared HSA@CySCOOH nanoplatform is highly efficient for NIR fluorescence/photoacoustic/thermal multimodality imaging and photothermal tumor ablation. The theranostic capability of HSA@CySCOOH was systematically evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Most intriguingly, complete tumor elimination was achieved by intravenous injection of HSA@CySCOOH (CySCOOH, 1 mg kg-1 808 nm, 1.0 W cm-2 for 5 min) into 4T1 tumor-bearing mice, with no weight loss, noticeable toxicity, or tumor recurrence being observed. This as-prepared protein-based nanotheranostics exhibits high water dispersibility, no off target cytotoxicity, and good biodegradability and biocompatibility, thus facilitating its clinical translation to cancer photothermal theranostics. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c5nr04428f

Anti-EGFR Peptide-Conjugated Triangular Gold Nanoplates for Computed Tomography/Photoacoustic Imaging-Guided Photothermal Therapy of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

PubMed

Zhao, Ying; Liu, Wenfei; Tian, Ying; Yang, Zhenlu; Wang, Xiaofen; Zhang, Yunlei; Tang, Yuxia; Zhao, Shuang; Wang, Chunyan; Liu, Ying; Sun, Jing; Teng, Zhaogang; Wang, Shouju; Lu, Guangming

2018-05-23

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is difficult to cure because of the high recurrence rate and the side effects of current treatments. It is urgent to develop a new treatment that is safer and more effective than current treatments against NSCLC. Herein, we constructed anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) peptide-conjugated PEGylated triangular gold nanoplates (TGN-PEG-P75) as a targeting photothermal therapy (PTT) agent to treat NSCLC under the guidance of computed tomography (CT) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging. The surface of TGNs is successfully conjugated with a novel peptide P75 that has the specific affinity to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). It is found that the EGFR is overexpressed in NSCLC cells. The TGN-PEG-P75 has uniform edge length (77.9 ± 7.0 nm) and neutrally charged surface. The cell uptake experiments demonstrate remarkable affinity of the TGN-PEG-P75 to high EGFR expression cells than low EGFR expression cells (5.1-fold). Thanks to the strong near-infrared absorbance, high photothermal conversion efficiency, and the increased accumulation in tumor cells via the interaction of P75 and EGFR, TGN-PEG-P75 exhibits 3.8-fold superior therapeutic efficacy on HCC827 cells than TGN-PEG. The in vivo CT/PA dual-modal imaging of the TGN-PEG-P75 is helpful in selecting the optimal treatment time and providing real-time visual guidance of PTT. Furthermore, treatments on HCC827 tumor-bearing mouse model demonstrate that the growth of NSCLC cells can be effectively inhibited by the TGN-PEG-P75 through PTT, indicating the great promise of the nanoplatform for treating NSCLC in vivo.

Porphyrin lipid nanoparticles for enhanced photothermal therapy in a patient-derived orthotopic pancreas xenograft cancer model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

MacLaughlin, Christina M.; Ding, Lili; Jin, Cheng; Cao, Pingjiang; Siddiqui, Iram; Hwang, David M.; Chen, Juan; Wilson, Brian C.; Zheng, Gang; Hedley, David W.

2016-03-01

Local disease control is a major problem in the treatment of pancreatic cancer, because curative-intent surgery is only possible in a minority of patients, and radiotherapy cannot be delivered in curative doses. Despite the promise of photothermal therapy (PTT) for ablation of pancreatic tumors, this approach remains under investigated. Using photothermal sensitizers in combination with laser light for PTT can result in more efficient conversion of light energy to heat, and confinement of thermal destruction to the tumor, thus sparing adjacent organs and vasculature. Porphyrins have been previously employed as photosensitizers for PDT and PTT, however their incorporation in to "porphysomes", lipid-based nanoparticles each containing ~80,000 porphyrins through conjugation of pyropheophorbide to phospholipids, carries two distinct advantages: 1) high-density porphyrin packing imparts the nanoparticles with enhanced photonic properties for imaging and phototherapy; 2) the enhanced permeability and retention effect may be exploited for optimal delivery of porphysomes to the tumor region thus high payload porphyrin delivery. The feasibility of porphysome-enhanced PTT for pancreatic cancer treatment was investigated using a patient-derived orthotopic pancreas xenograft tumor model. Uptake of porphysomes at the orthotopic tumor site was validated using ex vivo fluorescence imaging of intact organs of interest. The accumulation of porphysomes in orthotopic tumor microstructure was also confirmed by fluorescence imaging of excised tissue slices. PTT progress was monitored as changes in tumor surface temperature using IR optical imaging. Histological analyses were conducted to examine microstructure changes in tissue morphology, and the viability of remaining tumor tissues following exposure to heat. These studies may also provide insight as to the contribution of heat sink in application of thermal therapies to highly vascularized pancreatic tumors.

Combined photothermal therapy and magneto-motive ultrasound imaging using multifunctional nanoparticles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mehrmohammadi, Mohammad; Ma, Li L.; Chen, Yun-Sheng; Qu, Min; Joshi, Pratixa; Chen, Raeanna M.; Johnston, Keith P.; Emelianov, Stanislav

2010-02-01

Photothermal therapy is a laser-based non-invasive technique for cancer treatment. Photothermal therapy can be enhanced by employing metal nanoparticles that absorb the radiant energy from the laser leading to localized thermal damages. Targeting of nanoparticles leads to more efficient uptake and localization of photoabsorbers thus increasing the effectiveness of the treatment. Moreover, efficient targeting can reduce the required dosage of photoabsorbers; thereby reducing the side effects associated with general systematic administration of nanoparticles. Magnetic nanoparticles, due to their small size and response to an external magnetic field gradient have been proposed for targeted drug delivery. In this study, we investigate the applicability of multifunctional nanoparticles (e.g., magneto-plasmonic nanoparticles) and magneto-motive ultrasound imaging for image-guided photothermal therapy. Magneto-motive ultrasound imaging is an ultrasound based imaging technique capable of detecting magnetic nanoparticles indirectly by utilizing a high strength magnetic field to induce motion within the magnetically labeled tissue. The ultrasound imaging is used to detect the internal tissue motion. Due to presence of the magnetic component, the proposed multifunctional nanoparticles along with magneto-motive ultrasound imaging can be used to detect the presence of the photo absorbers. Clearly the higher concentration of magnetic carriers leads to a monotonic increase in magneto-motive ultrasound signal. Thus, magnetomotive ultrasound can determine the presence of the hybrid agents and provide information about their location and concentration. Furthermore, the magneto-motive ultrasound signal can indicate the change in tissue elasticity - a parameter that is expected to change significantly during the photothermal therapy. Therefore, a comprehensive guidance and assessment of the photothermal therapy may be feasible through magneto-motive ultrasound imaging and magnetoplasmonic nanoparticles.

Cyanine-Anchored Silica Nanochannels for Light-Driven Synergistic Thermo-Chemotherapy.

PubMed

Deng, Yibin; Huang, Li; Yang, Hong; Ke, Hengte; He, Hui; Guo, Zhengqing; Yang, Tao; Zhu, Aijun; Wu, Hong; Chen, Huabing

2017-02-01

Smart nanoparticles are increasingly important in a variety of applications such as cancer therapy. However, it is still a major challenge to develop light-responsive nanoparticles that can maximize the potency of synergistic thermo-chemotherapy under light irradiation. Here, spatially confined cyanine-anchored silica nanochannels loaded with chemotherapeutic doxorubicin (CS-DOX-NCs) for light-driven synergistic cancer therapy are introduced. CS-DOX-NCs possess a J-type aggregation conformation of cyanine dye within the nanochannels and encapsulate doxorubicin through the π-π interaction with cyanine dye. Under near-infrared light irradiation, CS-DOX-NCs produce the enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency through the maximized nonradiative transition of J-type Cypate aggregates, trigger the light-driven drug release through the destabilization of temperature-sensitive π-π interaction, and generate the effective intracellular translocation of doxorubicin from the lysosomes to cytoplasma through reactive oxygen species-mediated lysosomal disruption, thereby causing the potent in vivo hyperthermia and intracellular trafficking of drug into cytoplasma at tumors. Moreover, CS-DOX-NCs possess good resistance to photobleaching and preferable tumor accumulation, facilitating severe photoinduced cell damage, and subsequent synergy between photothermal and chemotherapeutic therapy with tumor ablation. These findings provide new insights of light-driven nanoparticles for synergistic cancer therapy. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Macroporous Double-Network Hydrogel for High-Efficiency Solar Steam Generation Under 1 sun Illumination.

PubMed

Yin, Xiangyu; Zhang, Yue; Guo, Qiuquan; Cai, Xiaobing; Xiao, Junfeng; Ding, Zhifeng; Yang, Jun

2018-04-04

Solar steam generation is one of the most promising solar-energy-harvesting technologies to address the issue of water shortage. Despite intensive efforts to develop high-efficiency solar steam generation devices, challenges remain in terms of the relatively low solar thermal efficiency, complicated fabrications, high cost, and difficulty in scaling up. Herein, a double-network hydrogel with a porous structure (p-PEGDA-PANi) is demonstrated for the first time as a flexible, recyclable, and efficient photothermal platform for low-cost and scalable solar steam generation. As a novel photothermal platform, the p-PEGDA-PANi involves all necessary properties of efficient broadband solar absorption, exceptional hydrophilicity, low heat conductivity, and porous structure for high-efficiency solar steam generation. As a result, the hydrogel-based solar steam generator exhibits a maximum solar thermal efficiency of 91.5% with an evaporation rate of 1.40 kg m -2 h -1 under 1 sun illumination, which is comparable to state-of-the-art solar steam generation devices. Furthermore, the good durability and environmental stability of the p-PEGDA-PANi hydrogel enables a convenient recycling and reusing process toward real-life applications. The present research not only provides a novel photothermal platform for solar energy harvest but also opens a new avenue for the application of the hydrogel materials in solar steam generation.

Disintegrable NIR Light Triggered Gold Nanorods Supported Liposomal Nanohybrids for Cancer Theranostics.

PubMed

Chauhan, Deepak S; Prasad, Rajendra; Devrukhkar, Janhavi; Selvaraj, Kaliaperumal; Srivastava, Rohit

2018-05-16

In this work, facile synthesis and application of targeted, dual therapeutic gold nanorods-liposome (GNR-Lipos) nanohybrid for imaging guided photothermal therapy and chemotherapy is investigated. The dual therapeutic GNR-Lipos nanohybrid consists of GNR supported, and doxorubicin (DOX) loaded liposome. GNRs not only serve as a photothermal agent and increase the drug release in intracellular environment of cancer cells, but also provide mechanical strength to liposomes by being decorated both inside and outside of bilayer surfaces. The designed nanohybrid shows a remarkable response for synergistic chemophotothermal therapy compared to only chemotherapy or photothermal therapy. The NIR response, efficient uptake by the cells, disintegration of GNR-Lipos nanohybrid, and synergistic therapeutic effect of photothermal and chemotherapy over breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 are studied for the better development of a biocompatible nanomaterial based multifunctional cancer theranostic agent.

Optical and photoacoustic dual-modality imaging guided synergistic photodynamic/photothermal therapies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yan, Xuefeng; Hu, Hao; Lin, Jing; Jin, Albert J.; Niu, Gang; Zhang, Shaoliang; Huang, Peng; Shen, Baozhong; Chen, Xiaoyuan

2015-01-01

Phototherapies such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), due to their specific spatiotemporal selectivity and minimal invasiveness, have been widely investigated as alternative treatments of malignant diseases. Graphene and its derivatives not only have been used as carriers to deliver photosensitizers for PDT, but also as photothermal conversion agents (PTCAs) for PTT. Herein, we strategically designed and produced a novel photo-theranostic platform based on sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS) photosensitizer-loaded PEGylated graphene oxide (GO-PEG-DVDMS) for enhanced fluorescence/photoacoustic (PA) dual-modal imaging and combined PDT and PTT. The GO-PEG carrier drastically improves the fluorescence of loaded DVDMS via intramolecular charge transfer. Concurrently, DVDMS significantly enhances the near-infrared (NIR) absorption of GO for improved PA imaging and PTT. The cancer theranostic capability of the as-prepared GO-PEG-DVDMS was carefully investigated both in vitro and in vivo. This novel theranostics is well suited for fluorescence/PA dual-modal imaging and synergistic PDT/PTT.

Tunable SPR-based remote actuation of bimetallic core-shell nanoparticles-coated stimuli responsive polymer for switchable chemo-photothermal synergistic cancer therapy.

PubMed

Amoli-Diva, Mitra; Sadighi-Bonabi, Rasoul; Pourghazi, Kamyar

2018-06-14

New dual light/temperature-responsive nanocarriers were synthesized using bimetallic plasmonic Au-Ag and Ag-Au nanoparticles (NPs) as cores of vehicles which subsequently functionalized with a UCST-based poly acrylamide-co-acrylonitrile using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer for spatiotemporally controlled chemo-photothermal synergistic cancer therapy. The bimetallic cores were assigned to sense wavelengths close to the localized SPR of monometallic NP shell to produce heat which not only can increase the surrounding temperature over the UCST of polymer to open the its valves and promote drug diffusion, but also can kill cancerous cells through photothermal effects with increasing in environment temperature nearly 18 °C after about 5 min radiation. The bimetallic NPs were shown good reusability even after five heating/cooling cycles and the efficiency of both photothermal/chemotherapic procedures can be modulated by manipulating carrier's concentration and radiation time. In addition, the cytotoxicity of drug-free nanocarriers on normal L929 fibroblast and letrozole-loaded nanocarriers on MDAMB 231 breast-cancer cell lines were investigated in the absence/presence of laser radiation. Finally, the prepared nanocomposites were exhibited switchable on/off drug release in two buffered solutions (pH 5.5 and 7.4) with light actuation. The results revealed that the prepared nanocarriers can be served as efficient delivery platforms for remote-control chemo-photothermal synergistic cancer therapy. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Visible and near-infrared photothermal catalyzed hydrogenation of gaseous CO 2 over nanostructured Pd@Nb 2O 5

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jia, Jia; O'Brien, Paul G.; He, Le

2016-07-05

The reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction driven by Nb 2O 5 nanorod-supported Pd nanocrystals without external heating using visible and near infrared (NIR) light is demonstrated. By measuring the dependence of the RWGS reaction rates on the intensity and spectral power distribution of filtered light incident onto the nanostructured Pd@Nb 2O 5 catalyst, it is determined that the RWGS reaction is activated photothermally. That is the RWGS reaction is initiated by heat generated from thermalization of charge carriers in the Pd nanocrystals that are excited by interband and intraband absorption of visible and NIR light. Taking advantage of thismore » photothermal effect, a visible and NIR responsive Pd@Nb 2O 5 hybrid catalyst that efficiently hydrogenates CO 2 to CO at an impressive rate as high as 1.8 mmol gcat –1 h –1 is developed. The mechanism of this photothermal reaction involves H 2 dissociation on Pd nanocrystals and subsequent spillover of H to the Nb 2O 5 nanorods whereupon adsorbed CO 2 is hydrogenated to CO. Here, this work represents a significant enhancement in our understanding of the underlying mechanism of photothermally driven CO 2 reduction and will help guide the way toward the development of highly efficient catalysts that exploit the full solar spectrum to convert gas-phase CO 2 to valuable chemicals and fuels.« less

Unexpected formation of gold nanoflowers by a green synthesis method as agents for a safe and effective photothermal therapy.

PubMed

Yang, Da-Peng; Liu, Xuan; Teng, Choon Peng; Owh, Cally; Win, Khin Yin; Lin, Ming; Loh, Xian Jun; Wu, Yun-Long; Li, Zibiao; Ye, Enyi

2017-10-26

Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) juice rich in vitamin C and polyphenolic antioxidants was used to synthesize branched gold nanoflowers. These biocompatible and stable gold nanoflowers show strong near-infrared absorption. They are successfully demonstrated to be highly efficient for both in vitro and in vivo photothermal therapy by using an 808 nm laser.

High-Precision Photothermal Ablation Using Biocompatible Palladium Nanoparticles and Laser Scanning Microscopy

PubMed Central

2018-01-01

Herein, we report a straightforward method for the scalable preparation of Pd nanoparticles (Pd-NPs) with reduced inherent cytotoxicity and high photothermal conversion capacity. These Pd-NPs are rapidly taken up by cells and able to kill labeled cancer cells upon short exposure to near-infrared (NIR) light. Following cell treatment with Pd-NPs, ablated areas were patterned with high precision by laser scanning microscopy, allowing one to perform cell migration assays with unprecedented accuracy. Using coherent Raman microscopy, cells containing Pd-NPs were simultaneously ablated and imaged. This novel methodology was combined with intravital imaging to mediate microablation of cancerous tissue in tumor xenografts in mice. PMID:29320154

Photothermal imaging of melanin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kerimo, Josef; DiMarzio, Charles A.

2013-02-01

We present photothermal images of melanin using modulation with two laser beams. Strong melanin absorption followed by efficient nonradiative relaxation caused heating and an increase in temperature. This temperature effect was used as an imaging contrast to detect melanin. Melanin from several samples including Sepia officinalis, black human hair, and live zebra fish, were imaged with a high signal-to-noise ratio. For the imaging, we focused two near infrared laser beams (pump and probe) collinearly with different wavelengths and the pump was modulated in amplitude. The thermally induced variations in the refractive index, at the modulation frequency, were detected by the scattering of the probe beam. The Photothermal method brings several imaging benefits including the lack of background interference and the possibility of imaging for an extended period of time without photodamage to the melanin. The dependence of the photothermal signal on the laser power, modulation frequency, and spatial offset of the probe is discussed. The new photothermal imaging method is promising and provides background-free and label-free imaging of melanin and can be implemented with low-cost CW lasers.

Protein-assisted fabrication of nano-reduced graphene oxide for combined in vivo photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy.

PubMed

Sheng, Zonghai; Song, Liang; Zheng, Jiaxiang; Hu, Dehong; He, Meng; Zheng, Mingbin; Gao, Guanhui; Gong, Ping; Zhang, Pengfei; Ma, Yifan; Cai, Lintao

2013-07-01

Theranostic agents are attracting a great deal of attention in personalized medicine. Here, we developed a protein-based, facile method for fabrication of nanosized, reduced graphene oxide (nano-rGO) with high stability and low cytotoxicity. We constructed highly integrated photoacoustic/ultrasonic dual-modality imaging and photothermal therapy platforms, and further demonstrated that the prepared nano-rGO can be used as ready-to-use theranostic agents for both photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy without further surface modification. Intravenous administration of nano-rGO in tumor-bearing mice showed rapid and significant photoacoustic signal enhancement in the tumor region, indicating its excellence for passive targeting and photoacoustic imaging. Meanwhile, using a continuous-wave near-infrared laser, cancer cells in vivo were efficiently ablated, due to the photothermal effect of nano-rGO. The results suggest that the nano-rGO with protein-assisted fabrication was well suited for photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy of tumor, which is promising for theranostic nanomedicine. Crown Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A dual-targeting strategy for enhanced drug delivery and synergistic therapy based on thermosensitive nanoparticles.

PubMed

Wang, Mingxin; You, Chaoqun; Gao, Zhiguo; Wu, Hongshuai; Sun, Baiwang; Zhu, Xiaoli; Chen, Renjie

2018-08-01

The functionalized nanoparticles have been widely studied and reported as carriers of drug transport recently. Furthermore, many groups have focused more on developing novel and efficient treatment methods, such as photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy, since both therapies have shown inspiring potential in the application of antitumor. The mentioned treatments exhibited the superiority of cooperative manner and showed the ability to compensate for the adverse effects caused by conventional monotherapy in proposed strategies. In view of the above descriptions, we formulated a thermosensitive drug delivery system, which achieved the enhanced delivery of cisplatin and two photosensitizers (ICG and Ce6) by dual-targeting traction. Drawing on the thin film hydration method, cisplatin and photosensitizers were encapsulated inside nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the targeting peptide cRGD and targeting molecule folate can be modified on the surface of nanoparticles to realize the active identification of tumor cells. The measurements of dynamic light scattering showed that the prepared nanoparticles had an ideal dispersibility and uniform particle size of 102.6 nm. On the basis of the results observed from confocal laser scanning microscope, the modified nanoparticles were more efficient endocytosed by MCF-7 cells as a contrast to SGC-7901 cells. Photothermal conversion-triggered drug release and photo-therapies produced a significant apoptosis rate of 85.9% on MCF-7 cells. The distinguished results made it believed that the formulated delivery system had conducted great efforts and innovations for the realization of concise collaboration and provided a promising strategy for the treatment of breast cancer.

Confinement of carbon dots localizing to the ultrathin layered double hydroxides toward simultaneous triple-mode bioimaging and photothermal therapy.

PubMed

Weng, Yangziwan; Guan, Shanyue; Lu, Heng; Meng, Xiangmin; Kaassis, Abdessamad Y; Ren, Xiaoxue; Qu, Xiaozhong; Sun, Chenghua; Xie, Zheng; Zhou, Shuyun

2018-07-01

It is a great challenge to develop multifunctional nanocarriers for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Herein, versatile CDs/ICG-uLDHs nanovehicles for triple-modal fluorescence/photoacoustic/two-photon bioimaging and effective photothermal therapy were prepared via a facile self-assembly of red emission carbon dots (CDs), indocyanine green (ICG) with the ultrathin layered double hydroxides (uLDHs). Due to the J-aggregates of ICG constructed in the self-assembly process, CDs/ICG-uLDHs was able to stabilize the photothermal agent ICG and enhanced its photothermal efficiency. Furthermore, the unique confinement effect of uLDHs has extended the fluorescence lifetime of CDs in favor of bioimaging. Considering the excellent in vitro and in vivo phototherapeutics and multimodal imaging effects, this work provides a promising platform for the construction of multifunctional theranostic nanocarrier system for the cancer treatment. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Mesoporous Bamboo Charcoal Nanoparticles as a New Near-Infrared Responsive Drug Carrier for Imaging-Guided Chemotherapy/Photothermal Synergistic Therapy of Tumor.

PubMed

Dong, Xinghua; Yin, Wenyan; Yu, Jie; Dou, Ruixia; Bao, Tao; Zhang, Xiao; Yan, Liang; Yong, Yuan; Su, Chunjian; Wang, Qing; Gu, Zhanjun; Zhao, Yuliang

2016-07-01

Near-infrared-(NIR)-light-triggered photothermal nanocarriers have attracted much attention for the construction of more smart and effective therapeutic platforms in nanomedicine. Here, a multifunctional drug carrier based on a low cost, natural, and biocompatible material, bamboo charcoal nanoparticles (BCNPs), which are prepared by the pyrolysis of bamboo followed by physical grinding and ultrasonication is reported. The as-prepared BCNPs with porous structure possess not only large surface areas for drug loading but also an efficient photothermal effect, making them become both a suitable drug carrier and photothermal agent for cancer therapy. After loading doxorubicin (DOX) into the BCNPs, the resulting DOX-BCNPs enhance drug potency and more importantly can overcome the drug resistance of DOX in a MCF-7 cancer cell model by significantly increasing cellular uptake while remarkably decreasing drug efflux. The in vivo synergistic effect of combining chemotherapy and photothermal therapy in this drug delivery system is also demonstrated. In addition, the BCNPs enhance optoacoustic imaging contrast due to their high NIR absorbance. Collectively, it is demonstrated that the BCNP drug delivery system constitutes a promising and effective nanocarrier for simultaneous bioimaging and chemo-photothermal synergistic therapy of cancer. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Combined photothermo-chemotherapy using gold nanoshells on drug-loaded micelles for colorectal cancer treatment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Shin-Yu; Shieh, Ming-Jium

2018-02-01

Combined photothermo-chemotherapy is a new strategy for cancer treatment which improves the therapeutic outcome by synergistic effects of both therapies. Here, we presented a multifunctional gold nanoshell that exhibited excellent photothermal conversion and delivered the hydrophobic chemotherapy drug, SN-38. The positively charged SN-38-loaded PDMA-PCL micelles were decorated with a gold layer by in situ reduction of chloroauric acid on the surface of micelles. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy images proved micelles were successfully decorated and the resulting gold nanoshells had a spherical morphology with a narrow size distribution. The synthesized gold nanoshells displayed a broad surface plasmon resonance peak in the near-infrared wavelength region and a great photothermal conversion ability. After pegylation, gold nanoshells were stable in biological media and appeared highly biocompatible in the absence of laser irradiation. Upon near-infrared laser irradiation, incident energy was converted into heat by gold nanoshells on SN-38-loaded micelles (SN-38@pGNS), which causes local temperature increase and triggers the release of encapsulated drug. Compared to SN-38, SN-38-loaded micelles, or laser with drug-free gold nanoshells alone, combined photothermo-chemotherapy using SN-38@pGNS with laser irradiation killed colorectal cancer cells with higher efficacy in vitro and demonstrated significant tumor suppression in vivo, suggesting that gold nanoshells on drug-loaded micelles delivered SN-38 and photothermal therapy in synergistic actions and might be a potential candidate for future colorectal cancer therapy.

Heat generation and stability of a plasmonic nanogold system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ni, Yuan; Kan, Caixia; Gao, Qi; Wei, Jingjing; Xu, Haiying; Wang, Changshun

2016-02-01

The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of Au nanostructures can be precisely tuned in the visible to near-infrared (vis-NIR) region with the size and morphology. The photothermal effect induced by the SPR can raise the temperature of Au nanostructures and the surrounding matrix under external illumination. In this work, hollow Au nanostructures such as nanoboxes and nanorings with a tunable SPR in the region of 650-1100 nm were obtained by a replacement reaction between HAuCl4 and the as-prepared Ag nanostructures as the sacrificed templates. Compared with the solid Au nanorods, studies on the photothermal conversion and stability of hollow Au nanostructures were systematically carried out with the assistance of the near-infrared (NIR) lasers available. Under NIR laser irradiation, the temperatures of the colloidal Au nanostructures increased rapidly from ~30 °C to ~65 °C. Combining the experimental results with a finite-different time-domain (FDTD) numerical simulation, the heat generation of different Au nanostructures was investigated. With the consideration of the concentration of the Au nanostructures, it is indicated that hollow Au nanostructures are superior to solid Au nanorods in photothermal conversion. On increasing the NIR laser power (3 W), Au nanorods undergo a shape deformation from nanorods to spherical nanoparticles, while the SPR and morphology of hollow Au nanoboxes and nanorings maintain high stability, promising to be candidates for nanoheaters. This work provides a standard to design optimized plasmonic nanoheaters.

Cavity-enhanced generation of 6 W cw second-harmonic power at 532 nm in periodically-poled MgO:LiTaO3.

PubMed

Ricciardi, Iolanda; De Rosa, Maurizio; Rocco, Alessandra; Ferraro, Pietro; De Natale, Paolo

2010-05-24

We report on efficient cw high-power second harmonic generation in a periodically poled LiTaO3 crystal placed in a resonant enhancement cavity. We tested three configurations, differing in the coupling mirror reflectivity, and a maximum conversion efficiency of about 76%, corresponding to 6.1 W of green light with 8.0 W of fundamental power, was achieved. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the highest cw power ever reported using a periodically-poled crystal in an external cavity. We observed photo-thermal effect induced by photon absorption at the mirrors and in the crystal, which however does not affect stable operation of the cavity. A further effect arises for two out of the three configurations, at higher values of the input power, which degrades the performance of the locked cavity. We suggest this effect is due to the onset of competing nonlinearities in the same crystal.

PEGylated (NH4)xWO3 nanorods as efficient and stable multifunctional nanoagents for simultaneous CT imaging and photothermal therapy of tumor.

PubMed

Macharia, Daniel K; Tian, Qiyun; Chen, Liang; Sun, Yingqi; Yu, Nuo; He, Chuanglong; Wang, Han; Chen, Zhigang

2017-09-01

The simultaneous imaging and photothermal therapy of tumors have attracted much attention, and a prerequisite is to obtain multifunctional nanomaterials. Ideally, one kind of nanoparticles with single component can be used as both imaging agent and photothermal agent. Herein, we have developed the PEGylated (NH 4 ) x WO 3 (denoted as (NH 4 ) x WO 3 -PEG) nanorods as multifunctional nanoparticles with single semiconductor component. (NH 4 ) x WO 3 -PEG nanorods with about 30nm diameter and length of several hundred nanometers have been obtained through a solvothermal synthesis-PEGylation two-step route. Under the irradiation of 980-nm laser with intensity of 0.72Wcm -2 , aqueous dispersion of (NH 4 ) x WO 3 -PEG nanorods (0.67-5.44mmol/L) displays high elevation (17.6-34.5°C) of temperature in 400s, accompanied by an excellent long-term photothermal stability. Furthermore, (NH 4 ) x WO 3 -PEG nanorods exhibit as high as 6 times X-ray attenuation ability compared to that of the clinically used iodine-based X-ray computed tomography (CT) contrast agent (Iopromide). More importantly, after PBS solution of (NH 4 ) x WO 3 -PEG nanorods is injected into the tumor of mice, the tumor can be effectively detected by CT imaging. Moreover, cancer cells in vivo can be further destroyed by the photothermal effects of (NH 4 ) x WO 3 -PEG nanorods, under the irradiation of 980-nm laser with the safe intensity of 0.72Wcm -2 for 10min. Therefore, (NH 4 ) x WO 3 -PEG nanorods can be used as a new kind of stable and efficient multifunctional nanoagent with single component for simultaneous CT imaging and photothermal therapy of tumor. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Photothermal quantitative phase imaging of living cells with nanoparticles utilizing a cost-efficient setup

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Turko, Nir A.; Isbach, Michael; Ketelhut, Steffi; Greve, Burkhard; Schnekenburger, Jürgen; Shaked, Natan T.; Kemper, Björn

2017-02-01

We explored photothermal quantitative phase imaging (PTQPI) of living cells with functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) utilizing a cost-efficient setup based on a cell culture microscope. The excitation light was modulated by a mechanical chopper wheel with low frequencies. Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) was performed with Michelson interferometer-based off-axis digital holographic microscopy and a standard industrial camera. We present results from PTQPI observations on breast cancer cells that were incubated with functionalized gold NPs binding to the epidermal growth factor receptor. Moreover, QPI was used to quantify the impact of the NPs and the low frequency light excitation on cell morphology and viability.

Anti-CD30-targeted gold nanoparticles for photothermal therapy of L-428 Hodgkin’s cell

PubMed Central

Qu, Xiaochao; Yao, Cuiping; Wang, Jing; Li, Zheng; Zhang, Zhenxi

2012-01-01

Purpose Due to the efficient bioconjugation and highly photothermal effect, gold nanoparticles can stain receptor-overexpressing cancer cells through specific targeting of ligands to receptors, strongly absorb specific light and efficiently convert it into heat based on the property of surface plasmon resonance, and then induce the localized protein denaturation and cell death. Methods Two gold nanoparticle–antibody conjugates, gold-BerH2 antibody (anti-CD30 receptor) and gold-ACT1 antibody (anti-CD25-receptor), were synthesized. Gold-BerH2 conjugates can specifically bind to the surface of L-428 Hodgkin’s cells, and gold-ACT1 conjugates were used for the control. The gold nanoparticle-induced L-428 cell-killing experiments were implemented with different experimental parameters. Results At a relatively low concentration of gold and short incubation time, the influence of cytotoxicity of gold on cell viability can be overlooked. Under laser irradiation at suitable power, the high killing efficiency of gold-targeted L-428 cells was achieved, but little damage was done to nontargeted cancer cells. Conclusion Gold nanoparticle-mediated photothermal therapy provides a relatively safe therapeutic technique for cancer treatment. PMID:23269868

Optical motion control of maglev graphite.

PubMed

Kobayashi, Masayuki; Abe, Jiro

2012-12-26

Graphite has been known as a typical diamagnetic material and can be levitated in the strong magnetic field. Here we show that the magnetically levitating pyrolytic graphite can be moved in the arbitrary place by simple photoirradiation. It is notable that the optical motion control system described in this paper requires only NdFeB permanent magnets and light source. The optical movement is driven by photothermally induced changes in the magnetic susceptibility of the graphite. Moreover, we demonstrate that light energy can be converted into rotational kinetic energy by means of the photothermal property. We find that the levitating graphite disk rotates at over 200 rpm under the sunlight, making it possible to develop a new class of light energy conversion system.

Cancer cell death processes in combining photothermal and photodynamic effects through surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoring (Conference Presentation)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, Yulu; Yu, Jian-He; Hsiao, Jen-Hung; Tu, Yi-Chou; Low, Meng Chun; Hua, Wei-Hsiang; Hsieh, Cheng-Che; Kiang, Yean-Woei; Yang, Chih-Chung; Zhang, Zhenxi

2017-02-01

In combining the photothermal and photodynamic effects for killing cancer cells through the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSP) of photosensitizer-linked Au nanorings (NRIs), which are up-taken by the cells, the cells can be killed via different processes, including necrosis and apoptosis. In particular, the dominating effect, either photothermal or photodynamic effect, for cancer cell killing leading to either necrosis or apoptosis process is an important issue to be understood for improving the therapy efficiency. In this paper, we demonstrate the study results in differentiating the necrosis and apoptosis processes of cell death under different laser illumination conditions. With the LSP resonance wavelength of the Au NRIs around 1064 nm, the illumination of a 1064-nm cw laser can mainly produce the photothermal effect. The illumination of a 1064-nm fs laser can lead to LSP resonance-assisted two-photon absorption of the photosensitizer (AlPcS) for generating singlet oxygen and hence the photodynamic effect, besides the photothermal effect. Also, the illumination of a 660-nm cw laser can result in single-photon absorption of the photosensitizer for generating singlet oxygen and the photodynamic effect. By comparing the necrosis and apoptosis distributions in dead cells between the cases of different laser illumination conditions, we can differentiate the cancer cell killing processes between the photothermal effect, photodynamic effect, and the mixed effect.

Photothermal damage is correlated to the delivery rate of time-integrated temperature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Denton, Michael L.; Noojin, Gary D.; Gamboa, B. Giovanna; Ahmed, Elharith M.; Rockwell, Benjamin A.

2016-03-01

Photothermal damage rate processes in biological tissues are usually characterized by a kinetics approach. This stems from experimental data that show how the transformation of a specified biological property of cells or biomolecule (plating efficiency for viability, change in birefringence, tensile strength, etc.) is dependent upon both time and temperature. However, kinetic methods require determination of kinetic rate constants and knowledge of substrate or product concentrations during the reaction. To better understand photothermal damage processes we have identified temperature histories of cultured retinal cells receiving minimum lethal thermal doses for a variety of laser and culture parameters. These "threshold" temperature histories are of interest because they inherently contain information regarding the fundamental thermal dose requirements for damage in individual cells. We introduce the notion of time-integrated temperature (Tint) as an accumulated thermal dose (ATD) with units of °C s. Damaging photothermal exposure raises the rate of ATD accumulation from that of the ambient (e.g. 37 °C) to one that correlates with cell death (e.g. 52 °C). The degree of rapid increase in ATD (ΔATD) during photothermal exposure depends strongly on the laser exposure duration and the ambient temperature.

Facile and green reduction of covalently PEGylated nanographene oxide via a `water-only' route for high-efficiency photothermal therapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Jingqin; Wang, Xiaoping; Chen, Tongsheng

2014-02-01

A facile and green strategy is reported for the fabrication of nanosized and reduced covalently PEGylated graphene oxide (nrGO-PEG) with great biocompatibility and high near-infrared (NIR) absorbance. Covalently PEGylated nGO (nGO-PEG) was synthesized by the reaction of nGO-COOH and methoxypolyethylene glycol amine (mPEG-NH2). The neutral and purified nGO-PEG solution was then directly bathed in water at 90°C for 24 h without any additive to obtain nrGO-PEG. Covalent PEGylation not only prevented the aggregation of nGO but also dramatically promoted the reduction extent of nGO during this reduction process. The resulting single-layered nrGO-PEG sheets were approximately 50 nm in average lateral dimension and exhibited great biocompatibility and approximately 7.6-fold increment in NIR absorption. Moreover, this facile reduction process repaired the aromatic structure of GO. CCK-8 and flow cytometry (FCM) assays showed that exposure of A549 cells to 100 μg/mL of nrGO-PEG for 2 h, exhibiting 71.5% of uptake ratio, did not induce significant cytotoxicity. However, after irradiation with 808 nm laser (0.6 W/cm2) for 5 min, the cells incubated with 6 μg/mL of nrGO-PEG solution showed approximately 90% decrease of cell viability, demonstrating the high-efficiency photothermal therapy of nrGO-PEG to tumor cells in vitro. This work established nrGO-PEG as a promising photothermal agent due to its small size, great biocompatibility, high photothermal efficiency, and low cost.

A novel flurophore-cyano-carboxylic-Ag microhybrid: Enhanced two photon absorption for two-photon photothermal therapy of HeLa cancer cells by targeting mitochondria.

PubMed

Kong, Lin; Yang, Li; Xin, Chen-Qi; Zhu, Shu-Juan; Zhang, Hui-Hui; Zhang, Ming-Zhu; Yang, Jia-Xiang; Li, Lin; Zhou, Hong-Ping; Tian, Yu-Peng

2018-06-15

In this study, a novel two-photon photothermal therapy (TP-PTT) agent based on an organic-metal microhybrid with surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) enhanced two-photon absorption (TPA) characteristic was designed and synthesized using a fluorescent cyano-carboxylic derivative 2-cyano-3-(9-ethyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl) -acrylic acid (abbreviated as CECZA) and silver nanoparticles through self-assembly process induced by the interfacial coordination interactions between the O/N atom of CECZA and Ag + ion at the surface of Ag nanoparticles. The coordination interactions caused electron transfer from the Ag nanoparticles to CECZA molecules at the excited state, resulting in a decreased fluorescence quantum yield. The interfacial coordination interactions also enhanced the nonlinear optical properties, including 13 times increase in the TPA cross-section (δ). The decreased fluorescence quantum yield and increased two photon absorption caused by the SPR effect led excellent two-photon photothermal conversion, which was beneficial for the TP-PTT effect on HeLa cancer cells. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Advances in photo-thermal infrared imaging microspectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Furstenberg, Robert; Kendziora, Chris; Papantonakis, Michael; Nguyen, Viet; McGill, Andrew

2013-05-01

There is a growing need for chemical imaging techniques in many fields of science and technology: forensics, materials science, pharmaceutical and chemical industries, just to name a few. While FTIR micro-spectroscopy is commonly used, its practical resolution limit of about 20 microns or more is often insufficient. Raman micro-spectroscopy provides better spatial resolution (~1 micron), but is not always practical because of samples exhibiting fluorescence or low Raman scattering efficiency. We are developing a non-contact and non-destructive technique we call photo-thermal infrared imaging spectroscopy (PT-IRIS). It involves photo-thermal heating of the sample with a tunable quantum cascade laser and measuring the resulting increase in thermal emission with an infrared detector. Photo-thermal emission spectra resemble FTIR absorbance spectra and can be acquired in both stand-off and microscopy configurations. Furthermore, PT-IRIS allows the acquisition of absorbance-like photo-thermal spectra in a reflected geometry, suitable for field applications and for in-situ study of samples on optically IR-opaque substrates (metals, fabrics, paint, glass etc.). Conventional FTIR microscopes in reflection mode measure the reflectance spectra which are different from absorbance spectra and are usually not catalogued in FTIR spectral libraries. In this paper, we continue developing this new technique. We perform a series of numerical simulations of the laser heating of samples during photo-thermal microscopy. We develop parameterized formulas to help the user pick the appropriate laser illumination power. We also examine the influence of sample geometry on spectral signatures. Finally, we measure and compare photo-thermal and reflectance spectra for two test samples.

Photothermal effect of gold nanostars inkjet-printed on coated paper substrate under near-infrared irradiation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Borzenkov, Mykola; Chirico, Giuseppe; Collini, Maddalena; Määttänen, Anni; Ihalainen, Petri; Cabrini, Elisa; Dacarro, Giacomo; Pallavicini, Piersandro

2016-04-01

The research and development of personalized medical treatments is increasing steadily fostered by its large societal impact. The ability of non-spherical gold nanoparticles to locally and efficiently release heat when irradiated in Near Infrared (NIR) wavelength region is a promising tool for photothermal medical therapies. In the present work, stable inks containing PEGylated gold nanostars (GNS) were obtained and inkjet-printed on a pigment coated paper substrate. Significant photothermal effect of the printed patterns was observed under Near Infrared (NIR) excitation of the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) of the GNS. These preliminary results support, in perspective, the application of printed GNS patterns for thermal medical treatments either by direct localized heating, or by temperature triggered drug release.

Magnetic field enhanced photothermal effect of Fe3O4 nanoparticles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pan, Pengfei; Lin, Yawen; Gan, Zhixing; Luo, Xiaobin; Zhou, Weiping; Zhang, Ning

2018-03-01

Photothermal and magnetothermal effects are promising in hyperthermia for cancer therapy. However, the development of safe treatments with limited side-effects requires a relatively-high thermal efficiency triggered by mild near-infrared (NIR) light and alternating magnetic field (HAC), which remains a formidable challenge. In this work, a magnetic field enhanced photothermal effect (MFEP) of Fe3O4 nanoparticles is proposed and investigated systematically. The results suggest remarkable temperature increments of 9.59 to 36.90 °C under irradiation of NIR with different light power densities (808 nm, 0-6.98 W/cm2) combined with a certain magnetic field (HAC = 1.5 kA/m at 90 kHz). The rise of temperature induced by MFEP is substantially larger than the sum of isolated photothermal and magnetothermal effects, which is attributed to the hot-phonon bottleneck effect. The MFEP of Fe3O4 nanoparticles could serve as an effective treatment for cancer therapy in the future.

Spatially Probed Plasmonic Photothermic Nanoheater Enhanced Hybrid Polymeric-Metallic PVDF-Ag Nanogenerator.

PubMed

Liow, Chi Hao; Lu, Xin; Tan, Chuan Fu; Chan, Kwok Hoe; Zeng, Kaiyang; Li, Shuzhou; Ho, Ghim Wei

2018-02-01

Surface plasmon-based photonics offers exciting opportunities to enable fine control of the site, span, and extent of mechanical harvesting. However, the interaction between plasmonic photothermic and piezoresponse still remains underexplored. Here, spatially localized and controllable piezoresponse of a hybrid self-polarized polymeric-metallic system that correlates to plasmonic light-to-heat modulation of the local strain is demonstrated. The piezoresponse is associated to the localized plasmons that serve as efficient nanoheaters leading to self-regulated strain via thermal expansion of the electroactive polymer. Moreover, the finite-difference time-domain simulation and linear thermal model also deduce the local strain to the surface plasmon heat absorption. The distinct plasmonic photothermic-piezoelectric phenomenon mediates not only localized external stimulus light response but also enhances dynamic piezoelectric energy harvesting. The present work highlights a promising surface plasmon coordinated piezoelectric response which underpins energy localization and transfer for diversified design of unique photothermic-piezotronic technology. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

EGF Functionalized Polymer-Coated Gold Nanoparticles Promote EGF Photostability and EGFR Internalization for Photothermal Therapy

PubMed Central

Silva, Catarina Oliveira; Petersen, Steffen B.; Reis, Catarina Pinto; Rijo, Patrícia; Molpeceres, Jesús; Fernandes, Ana Sofia; Gonçalves, Odete; Gomes, Andreia C.; Correia, Isabel; Vorum, Henrik; Neves-Petersen, Maria Teresa

2016-01-01

The application of functionalized nanocarriers on photothermal therapy for cancer ablation has wide interest. The success of this application depends on the therapeutic efficiency and biocompatibility of the system, but also on the stability and biorecognition of the conjugated protein. This study aims at investigating the hypothesis that EGF functionalized polymer-coated gold nanoparticles promote EGF photostability and EGFR internalization, making these conjugated particles suitable for photothermal therapy. The conjugated gold nanoparticles (100–200 nm) showed a plasmon absorption band located within the near-infrared range (650–900 nm), optimal for photothermal therapy applications. The effects of temperature, of polymer-coated gold nanoparticles and of UVB light (295nm) on the fluorescence properties of EGF have been investigated with steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence properties of EGF, including the formation of Trp and Tyr photoproducts, is modulated by temperature and by the intensity of the excitation light. The presence of polymeric-coated gold nanoparticles reduced or even avoided the formation of Trp and Tyr photoproducts when EGF is exposed to UVB light, protecting this way the structure and function of EGF. Cytotoxicity studies of conjugated nanoparticles carried out in normal-like human keratinocytes showed small, concentration dependent decreases in cell viability (0–25%). Moreover, conjugated nanoparticles could activate and induce the internalization of overexpressed Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in human lung carcinoma cells. In conclusion, the gold nanoparticles conjugated with Epidermal Growth Factor and coated with biopolymers developed in this work, show a potential application for near infrared photothermal therapy, which may efficiently destroy solid tumours, reducing the damage of the healthy tissue. PMID:27788212

Tumor site-specific silencing of NF-κB p65 by targeted hollow gold nanospheres-mediated photothermal transfection

PubMed Central

Lu, Wei; Zhang, Guodong; Zhang, Rui; Flores, Leo G; Huang, Qian; Gelovani, Juri G; Li, Chun

2010-01-01

Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription factor is a critical regulator of the expression of genes involved in tumor formation and progression. Successful RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics targeting NF-κB is challenged by siRNA delivery systems, which can render targeted in vivo delivery, efficient endo-lysosomal escape and dynamic control over activation of RNAi. Here, we report near-infrared light-inducible NF-κB down-regulation through folate receptor-targeted hollow gold nanospheres carrying siRNA recognizing NF-κB p65 subunit. Using micro-positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging, the targeted nanoconstructs exhibited significantly higher tumor uptake in nude mice-bearing HeLa cervical cancer xenografts than non-targeted nanoparticles following intravenous administration. Mediated by hollow gold nanospheres, controllable cytoplasmic delivery of siRNA was obtained upon near-infrared light irradiation through photothermal effect. Efficient down-regulation of NF-κB p65 was achieved only in tumors irradiated with near-infrared light, but not in non-irradiated tumors grown in the same mice. Liver, spleen, kidney, and lung were not affected by the treatments, in spite of significant uptake of the siRNA nanoparticles in these organs. We term this mode of action “photothermal transfection”. Combined treatments with p65 siRNA photothermal transfection and irinotecan caused substantially enhanced tumor apoptosis and significant tumor growth delay compared with other treatment regimens. Therefore, photothermal transfection of NF-κB p65 siRNA could effectively sensitize the tumor to chemotherapeutic agents. Because NIR light can penetrate skin and be delivered with high spatiotemporal control, therapeutic RNAi may benefit from this novel transfection strategy while avoiding unwanted side effect. PMID:20388791

A refractory metamaterial absorber for ultra-broadband, omnidirectional and polarization-independent absorption in the UV-NIR spectrum.

PubMed

Huang, Yijia; Liu, Ling; Pu, Mingbo; Li, Xiong; Ma, Xiaoliang; Luo, Xiangang

2018-05-03

In this paper, efficient ultra-broadband absorption from ultraviolet (UV) to near infrared (NIR) is achieved using a metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA) with refractory constituents. Both simulated and experimental results indicate that this proposed MPA exhibits an average absorption over 95% at wavelengths ranging from 200 nm to 900 nm. Besides, owing to the ultrathin thickness and symmetrical topology of this device, it exhibits great angular tolerance up to 60° independent of the incident polarizations. Excellent thermal stability is also demonstrated at high operation temperatures. The physical origin of the ultra-broadband characteristics is mainly based on diffraction/interference engineering at short wavelengths and the anti-reflection effect at long wavelengths. We believe that such a device may find potential applications ranging from photodetection and photothermal energy conversion to ultraviolet protection and thermophotovoltaics.

More efficient NIR photothermal therapeutic effect from intracellular heating modality than extracellular heating modality: an in vitro study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Wenbo; Liu, Xiangshen; Ji, Jian

2012-09-01

In this study, efforts were placed in giving some in vitro key clues to the question on which is more efficient for the cancer hyperthermia between intracellular and extracellular modalities. Near infrared (NIR) photothermal responsive gold nanorods (GNRs) were adopted to cause cellular thermolysis either from inside or outside of cells. GNRs were synthesized with the size of 30.4 nm (in length) × 8.4 nm (in width). Demonstrated by ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasmon mass spectroscopy), UV-Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses, various cell uptake doses of nanoparticles were differentiated due to different molecular designs on GNRs surfaces and different types of cells chosen (three cancer cell lines and three normal ones). Under our continuous wavelengths (CW) NIR irradiation, it resulted that the cells which internalized GNRs died faster than the cells surrounded by GNRs. Furthermore, fluorescent images and flow cytometry data also showed that the NIR photothermal therapeutic effect was greater when the amount of internalized GNRs per cell was larger. Generally speaking, the GNRs assisted intracellular hyperthermia exhibited more precise and efficient control on the selective cancer ablation. To a larger degree, such a relationship between GNRs distribution and hyperthermia efficiency might be applied to wider spectra of cell types and heat-producing nanoparticles, which provided a promise for future cancer thermal therapeutic designs.

Anti-TROP2 conjugated hollow gold nanospheres as a novel nanostructure for targeted photothermal destruction of cervical cancer cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Ting; Tian, Jiguang; Chen, Zhaolong; Liang, Ying; Liu, Jiao; Liu, Si; Li, Huihui; Zhan, Jinhua; Yang, Xingsheng

2014-08-01

Photothermal ablation (PTA) is a promising avenue in the area of cancer therapeutics that destroys tumor cells through conversion of near-infrared (NIR) laser light to heat. Hollow gold nanospheres (HGNs) are one of the few materials that are capable of converting light to heat and have been previously used for photothermal ablation studies. Selective delivery of functional nanoparticles to the tumor site is considered as an effective therapeutic approach. In this paper, we demonstrated the anti-cancer potential of HGNs. HGNs were conjugated with monoclonal antibody (anti-TROP2) in order to target cervical cancer cells (HeLa) that contain abundant trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (TROP2) on the cell surface. The efficient uptake and intracellular location of these functionalized HGNs were studied through application of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cytotoxicity induced by PTA was measured using CCK-8 assay. HeLa cells incubated with naked HGNs (0.3-3 nmol L-1) within 48 h did not show obvious cytotoxicity. Under laser irradiation at suitable power, anti-TROP2 conjugated HGNs achieved significant tumor cell growth inhibition in comparison to the effects of non-specific PEGylated HGNs (P < 0.05). γH2AX assay results revealed higher occurrences of DNA-DSBs with anti-TROP2 conjugated HGNs plus laser radiation as compared to treatment with laser alone. Flow cytometry analysis showed that the amount of cell apoptosis was increased after laser irradiation with anti-TROP2 conjugated HGNs (P < 0.05). Anti-TROP2 conjugated HGNs resulted in down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression and up-regulation of Bax expression. Our study results confirmed that anti-TROP2 conjugated HGNs can selectively destroy cervical cancer cells through inducing its apoptosis and DNA damages. We propose that HGNs have the potentials to mediate targeted cancer treatment.

Near-IR-Absorbing Gold Nanoframes with Enhanced Physiological Stability and Improved Biocompatibility for In Vivo Biomedical Applications.

PubMed

Wang, Liying; Chen, Yunching; Lin, Hsin Yao; Hou, Yung-Te; Yang, Ling-Chu; Sun, Aileen Y; Liu, Jia-Yu; Chang, Chien-Wen; Wan, Dehui

2017-02-01

This paper describes the synthesis of near-infrared (NIR)-absorbing gold nanoframes (GNFs) and a systematic study comparing their physiological stability and biocompatibility with those of hollow Au-Ag nanoshells (GNSs), which have been used widely as photothermal agents in biomedical applications because of their localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in the NIR region. The GNFs were synthesized in three steps: galvanic replacement, Au deposition, and Ag dealloying, using silver nanospheres (SNP) as the starting material. The morphology and optical properties of the GNFs were dependent on the thickness of the Au coating layer and the degree of Ag dealloying. The optimal GNF exhibited a robust spherical skeleton composed of a few thick rims, but preserved the distinctive LSPR absorbance in the NIR region-even when the Ag content within the skeleton was only 10 wt %, 4-fold lower than that of the GNSs. These GNFs displayed an attractive photothermal conversion ability and great photothermal stability, and could efficiently kill 4T1 cancer cells through light-induced heating. Moreover, the GNFs preserved their morphology and optical properties after incubation in biological media (e.g., saline, serum), whereas the GNSs were unstable under the same conditions because of rapid dissolution of the considerable silver content with the shell. Furthermore, the GNFs had good biocompatibility with normal cells (e.g., NIH-3T3 and hepatocytes; cell viability for both cells: >90%), whereas the GNSs exhibited significant dose-dependent cytotoxicity (e.g., cell viability for hepatocytes at 1.14 nM: ca. 11%), accompanied by the induction of reactive oxygen species. Finally, the GNFs displayed good biocompatibility and biosafety in an in vivo mouse model; in contrast, the accumulation of GNSs caused liver injury and inflammation. Our results suggest that GNFs have great potential to serve as stable, biocompatible NIR-light absorbers for in vivo applications, including cancer detection and combination therapy.

Photothermally controlled Marangoni flow around a micro bubble

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Namura, Kyoko; Nakajima, Kaoru; Kimura, Kenji; Suzuki, Motofumi

2015-01-01

We have experimentally investigated the control of Marangoni flow around a micro bubble using photothermal conversion. Using a focused laser spot acting as a highly localized heat source on Au nanoparticles/dielectric/Ag mirror thin film enables us to create a micro bubble and to control the temperature gradient around the bubble at a micrometer scale. When we irradiate the laser next to the bubble, a strong main flow towards the bubble and two symmetric rotation flows on either side of it develop. The shape of this rotation flow shows a significant transformation depending on the relative position of the bubble and the laser spot. Using this controllable rotation flow, we have demonstrated sorting of the polystyrene spheres with diameters of 2 μm and 0.75 μm according to their size.

Thermal Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes by Photothermal Techniques

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leahu, G.; Li Voti, R.; Larciprete, M. C.; Sibilia, C.; Bertolotti, M.; Nefedov, I.; Anoshkin, I. V.

2015-06-01

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are multifunctional materials commonly used in a large number of applications in electronics, sensors, nanocomposites, thermal management, actuators, energy storage and conversion, and drug delivery. Despite recent important advances in the development of CNT purity assessment tools and atomic resolution imaging of individual nanotubes by scanning tunnelling microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, the macroscale assessment of the overall surface qualities of commercial CNT materials remains a great challenge. The lack of quantitative measurement technology to characterize and compare the surface qualities of bulk manufactured and engineered CNT materials has negative impacts on the reliable and consistent nanomanufacturing of CNT products. In this paper it is shown how photoacoustic spectroscopy and photothermal radiometry represent useful non-destructive tools to study the optothermal properties of carbon nanotube thin films.

Photothermal nanoparticles as molecular specificity agents in interferometric phase microscopy (Conference Presentation)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shaked, Natan T.

2017-02-01

I review our latest advances in wide-field interferometric imaging of biological cells with molecular specificity, obtained by time-modulated photothermal excitation of gold nanoparticles. Heat emitted from the nanoparticles affects the measured phase signal via both the nanoparticle surrounding refractive-index and thickness changes. These nanoparticles can be bio-functionalized to bind certain biological cell components; thus, they can be used for biomedical imaging with molecular specificity, as new nanoscopy labels, and for photothermal therapy. Predicting the ideal nanoparticle parameters requires a model that computes the thermal and phase distributions around the particle, enabling more efficient phase imaging of plasmonic nanoparticles, and sparing trial and error experiments of using unsuitable nanoparticles. We thus developed a new model for predicting phase signatures from photothermal nanoparticles with arbitrary parameters. We also present a dual-modality technique based on wide-field photothermal interferometric phase imaging and simultaneous ablation to selectively deplete specific cell populations labelled by plasmonic nanoparticles. We experimentally demonstrated our ability to detect and specifically ablate in vitro cancer cells over-expressing epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs), labelled with plasmonic nanoparticles, in the presence of either EGFR under-expressing cancer cells or white blood cells. This demonstration established an initial model for depletion of circulating tumour cells in blood. The proposed system is able to image in wide field the label-free quantitative phase profile together with the photothermal phase profile of the sample, and provides the ability of both detection and ablation of chosen cells after their selective imaging.

Drug "Pent-Up" in Hollow Magnetic Prussian Blue Nanoparticles for NIR-Induced Chemo-Photothermal Tumor Therapy with Trimodal Imaging.

PubMed

Li, Jinghua; Zhang, Fengshou; Hu, Zhigang; Song, Weidong; Li, Guangda; Liang, Gaofeng; Zhou, Jun; Li, Ke; Cao, Yang; Luo, Zhong; Cai, Kaiyong

2017-07-01

The study reports a biocompatible smart drug delivery system based on a doxorubicin (DOX) blending phase-change material of 1-pentadecanol loaded hollow magnetic Prussian blue nanoparticles, resulting in HMNP-PB@Pent@DOX. The system possesses concentration-dependent high thermogenesis (>50 °C) when applying a near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation only for 5 min. Furthermore, the system realizes near "zero release" of drug and is efficiently triggered by NIR for drug delivery in an "on" and "off" manner, thus inducing cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the system clearly indicates tumor site with trimodal imaging of magnetic resonance imaging, photoacoustic tomography imaging, and infrared thermal imaging. Furthermore, the system achieves efficient chemo-photothermal combined tumor therapy in vivo with 808 nm laser irradiation for 5 min at 1.2 W cm -2 , revealing the good tumor inhibition effect comparing with those of chemotherapy or photothermal therapy alone. The system is also confirmed to be biocompatible in regard to the mortality rate. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

A carbon nanotube-gemcitabine-lentinan three-component composite for chemo-photothermal synergistic therapy of cancer.

PubMed

Zhang, Ping; Yi, Wenhui; Hou, Jin; Yoo, Sweejiang; Jin, Weiqiu; Yang, Qisheng

2018-01-01

Gemcitabine's clinical application is limited due to its short plasma half-life and poor uptake by cells. To address this problem, a drug delivery three-component composite, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs)/gemcitabine (Ge)/lentinan (Le; MWNTs-Ge-Le), was fabricated in our study. Moreover, the combination of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy was employed to enhance antitumor efficacy. In this study, we conjugated gemcitabine and lentinan with MWNTs via a covalent and noncovalent way to functionalize with MWNTs, and the chemical structure of MWNTs-Ge-Le was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Using the composite and an 808 nm laser, we treated tumors, both in vitro and in vivo, and investigated the photothermal responses and the anticancer efficacy. The MWNTs-Ge-Le composite could efficiently cross cell membrane, having a higher antitumor activity than MWNTs, gemcitabine and MWNTs-Ge in vitro and in vivo. Our study on the MWNTs-Ge-Le composite with an 808 nm laser radiation showed the combination of drug therapy and near-infrared photothermal therapy possesses great synergistic antitumor efficacy. The MWNTs-Ge-Le three-component anticancer composite can serve as a promising candidate for cancer therapy in the combination of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy.

Transdermal thiol-acrylate polyethylene glycol hydrogel synthesis using near infrared light

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chung, Solchan; Lee, Hwangjae; Kim, Hyung-Seok; Kim, Min-Gon; Lee, Luke P.; Lee, Jae Young

2016-07-01

Light-induced polymerization has been widely applied for hydrogel synthesis, which conventionally involves the use of ultraviolet or visible light to activate a photoinitiator for polymerization. However, with these light sources, transdermal gelation is not efficient and feasible due to their substantial interactions with biological systems, and thus a high power is required. In this study, we used biocompatible and tissue-penetrating near infrared (NIR) light to remotely trigger a thiol-acrylate reaction for efficient in vivo gelation with good controllability. Our gelation system includes gold nanorods as a photothermal agent, a thermal initiator, diacrylate polyethylene glycol (PEG), and thiolated PEG. Irradiation with a low-power NIR laser (0.3 W cm-2) could induce gelation via a mixed-mode reaction with a small increase in temperature (~5 °C) under the optimized conditions. We also achieved successful transdermal gelation via the NIR-assisted photothermal thiol-acryl reactions. This new type of NIR-assisted thiol-acrylate polymerization provides new opportunities for in situ hydrogel formation for injectable hydrogels and delivery of drugs/cells for various biomedical applications.Light-induced polymerization has been widely applied for hydrogel synthesis, which conventionally involves the use of ultraviolet or visible light to activate a photoinitiator for polymerization. However, with these light sources, transdermal gelation is not efficient and feasible due to their substantial interactions with biological systems, and thus a high power is required. In this study, we used biocompatible and tissue-penetrating near infrared (NIR) light to remotely trigger a thiol-acrylate reaction for efficient in vivo gelation with good controllability. Our gelation system includes gold nanorods as a photothermal agent, a thermal initiator, diacrylate polyethylene glycol (PEG), and thiolated PEG. Irradiation with a low-power NIR laser (0.3 W cm-2) could induce gelation via a mixed-mode reaction with a small increase in temperature (~5 °C) under the optimized conditions. We also achieved successful transdermal gelation via the NIR-assisted photothermal thiol-acryl reactions. This new type of NIR-assisted thiol-acrylate polymerization provides new opportunities for in situ hydrogel formation for injectable hydrogels and delivery of drugs/cells for various biomedical applications. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: FE-SEM image of thiol-acrylate hydrogels; UV/Vis spectra of Ellman's assay; the temperature increase during transdermal photothermal hydrogelation. See DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01956k

Can magneto-plasmonic nanohybrids efficiently combine photothermia with magnetic hyperthermia?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Espinosa, Ana; Bugnet, Mathieu; Radtke, Guillaume; Neveu, Sophie; Botton, Gianluigi A.; Wilhelm, Claire; Abou-Hassan, Ali

2015-11-01

Multifunctional hybrid-design nanomaterials appear to be a promising route to meet the current therapeutics needs required for efficient cancer treatment. Herein, two efficient heat nano-generators were combined into a multifunctional single nanohybrid (a multi-core iron oxide nanoparticle optimized for magnetic hyperthermia, and a gold branched shell with tunable plasmonic properties in the NIR region, for photothermal therapy) which impressively enhanced heat generation, in suspension or in vivo in tumours, opening up exciting new therapeutic perspectives.Multifunctional hybrid-design nanomaterials appear to be a promising route to meet the current therapeutics needs required for efficient cancer treatment. Herein, two efficient heat nano-generators were combined into a multifunctional single nanohybrid (a multi-core iron oxide nanoparticle optimized for magnetic hyperthermia, and a gold branched shell with tunable plasmonic properties in the NIR region, for photothermal therapy) which impressively enhanced heat generation, in suspension or in vivo in tumours, opening up exciting new therapeutic perspectives. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06168g

A Multimodal System with Synergistic Effects of Magneto-Mechanical, Photothermal, Photodynamic and Chemo Therapies of Cancer in Graphene-Quantum Dot-Coated Hollow Magnetic Nanospheres

PubMed Central

Wo, Fangjie; Xu, Rujiao; Shao, Yuxiang; Zhang, Zheyu; Chu, Maoquan; Shi, Donglu; Liu, Shupeng

2016-01-01

In this study, a multimodal therapeutic system was shown to be much more lethal in cancer cell killing compared to a single means of nano therapy, be it photothermal or photodynamic. Hollow magnetic nanospheres (HMNSs) were designed and synthesized for the synergistic effects of both magneto-mechanical and photothermal cancer therapy. By these combined stimuli, the cancer cells were structurally and physically destroyed with the morphological characteristics distinctively different from those by other therapeutics. HMNSs were also coated with the silica shells and conjugated with carboxylated graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as a core-shell composite: HMNS/SiO2/GQDs. The composite was further loaded with an anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) and stabilized with liposomes. The multimodal system was able to kill cancer cells with four different therapeutic mechanisms in a synergetic and multilateral fashion, namely, the magnetic field-mediated mechanical stimulation, photothermal damage, photodynamic toxicity, and chemotherapy. The unique nanocomposites with combined mechanical, chemo, and physical effects will provide an alternative strategy for highly improved cancer therapy efficiency. PMID:26941842

Se@SiO2-FA-CuS nanocomposites for targeted delivery of DOX and nano selenium in synergistic combination of chemo-photothermal therapy.

PubMed

Wang, Yeying; Liu, Xijian; Deng, Guoying; Sun, Jian; Yuan, Haikuan; Li, Qi; Wang, Qiugeng; Lu, Jie

2018-02-08

In this study, a versatile tumor-targeted and multi-stimuli-responsive drug delivery vehicle (Se particle@porous silica-folic acid-copper sulfide/doxorubicin (Se@SiO 2 -FA-CuS/DOX)) was fabricated for combined photothermal therapy with chemotherapy in cancer treatment. Due to excellent targeting ability, the Se@SiO 2 -FA-CuS/DOX nanocomposites actively accumulated in tumor tissues and thus provided photothermal therapy under NIR irradiation and chemotherapy through the release of DOX and Se. Owing to the synergistic effect of chemotherapy (Se and DOX) and photothermal therapy, the Se@SiO 2 -FA-CuS/DOX nanocomposites could efficiently inhibit cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo and even completely eliminate tumors. Moreover, as the toxicity of DOX could be reduced by Se, the treatment using Se@SiO 2 -FA-CuS/DOX nanocomposites exhibited no appreciable adverse reactions. Thus, the Se@SiO 2 -FA-CuS/DOX nanocomposites have great potential as a multifunctional nanoplatform in future clinical applications.

One-pot synthesis of gold nanostars using plant polyphenols for cancer photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Xiao-Long; Zheng, Cheng; Zhang, Yun; Yang, Huang-Hao; Liu, Xiaolong; Liu, Jingfeng

2016-07-01

Branched plasmonic nanostructures have been found to exhibit strong enhancement of the electromagnetic field surrounding their multi-branched petals. This feature endows them with improved performance in catalysis, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, photoacoustic imaging, and photothermal therapy. Albeit several synthesis techniques have been developed, the precisely controlled growth of highly branched nanostructures with a one-pot surfactant-free procedure is still challenging. Herein, we present a simple seedless route to synthesize gold nanostars (AuNSs) using a natural plant polyphenol, gallic acid (GA), as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The size and shape of AuNSs can be tuned by simply adjusting the amount of added GA. Under the optimum condition, the as-prepared AuNSs with diameters about 100 nm exhibit strong near-infrared absorption, good photothermal efficiency, and high biocompatibility. We demonstrate that AuNSs can be utilized for simultaneous photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy in living cancer cells. This study highlights facile synthesized AuNSs could serve as a promising platform for cancer diagnosis and therapy.

A Multimodal System with Synergistic Effects of Magneto-Mechanical, Photothermal, Photodynamic and Chemo Therapies of Cancer in Graphene-Quantum Dot-Coated Hollow Magnetic Nanospheres.

PubMed

Wo, Fangjie; Xu, Rujiao; Shao, Yuxiang; Zhang, Zheyu; Chu, Maoquan; Shi, Donglu; Liu, Shupeng

2016-01-01

In this study, a multimodal therapeutic system was shown to be much more lethal in cancer cell killing compared to a single means of nano therapy, be it photothermal or photodynamic. Hollow magnetic nanospheres (HMNSs) were designed and synthesized for the synergistic effects of both magneto-mechanical and photothermal cancer therapy. By these combined stimuli, the cancer cells were structurally and physically destroyed with the morphological characteristics distinctively different from those by other therapeutics. HMNSs were also coated with the silica shells and conjugated with carboxylated graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as a core-shell composite: HMNS/SiO2/GQDs. The composite was further loaded with an anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) and stabilized with liposomes. The multimodal system was able to kill cancer cells with four different therapeutic mechanisms in a synergetic and multilateral fashion, namely, the magnetic field-mediated mechanical stimulation, photothermal damage, photodynamic toxicity, and chemotherapy. The unique nanocomposites with combined mechanical, chemo, and physical effects will provide an alternative strategy for highly improved cancer therapy efficiency.

Glucose-functionalized Au nanoprisms for optoacoustic imaging and near-infrared photothermal therapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Han, Jishu; Zhang, Jingjing; Yang, Meng; Cui, Daxiang; de La Fuente, Jesus M.

2015-12-01

Targeted imaging and tumor therapy using nanomaterials has stimulated research interest recently, but the high cytotoxicity and low cellular uptake of nanomaterials limit their bioapplication. In this paper, glucose (Glc) was chosen to functionalize Au nanoprisms (NPrs) for improving the cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of Au@PEG-Glc NPrs into cancer cells. Glucose is a primary source of energy at the cellular level and at cellular membranes for cell recognition. A coating of glucose facilitates the accumulation of Au@PEG-Glc NPrs in a tumor region much more than Au@PEG NPrs. Due to the high accumulation and excellent photoabsorbing property of Au@PEG-Glc NPrs, enhanced optoacoustic imaging of a tumor in vivo was achieved, and visualization of the tumor further guided cancer treatment. Based on the optical-thermal conversion performance of Au@PEG-Glc NPrs, the tumor in vivo was effectively cured through photothermal therapy. The current work demonstrates the great potential of Au@PEG-Glc NPrs in optoacoustic imaging and photothermal cancer therapy in future.Targeted imaging and tumor therapy using nanomaterials has stimulated research interest recently, but the high cytotoxicity and low cellular uptake of nanomaterials limit their bioapplication. In this paper, glucose (Glc) was chosen to functionalize Au nanoprisms (NPrs) for improving the cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of Au@PEG-Glc NPrs into cancer cells. Glucose is a primary source of energy at the cellular level and at cellular membranes for cell recognition. A coating of glucose facilitates the accumulation of Au@PEG-Glc NPrs in a tumor region much more than Au@PEG NPrs. Due to the high accumulation and excellent photoabsorbing property of Au@PEG-Glc NPrs, enhanced optoacoustic imaging of a tumor in vivo was achieved, and visualization of the tumor further guided cancer treatment. Based on the optical-thermal conversion performance of Au@PEG-Glc NPrs, the tumor in vivo was effectively cured through photothermal therapy. The current work demonstrates the great potential of Au@PEG-Glc NPrs in optoacoustic imaging and photothermal cancer therapy in future. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: The evolution of the UV-vis absorption of Au NPrs by centrifugation, TEM image of PEG-capped Au NPrs, the UV-vis absorption of glucose, cytotoxicity of Au@PEG-Glc NPrs, gastric cell viabilities versus the concentration of Au@PEG-Glc NPrs and gastric cell viabilities filled with 80 μg Au@PEG-Glc NPrs versus the irradiation time, optoacoustic signals of Au NPr solution and Au@PEG NPrs. See DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06261f

A multi-functional nanoplatform for tumor synergistic phototherapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Huijuan; Jiao, Xiaojing; Chen, Qianqian; Ji, Yandan; Zhang, Xiaoge; Zhu, Xing; Zhang, Zhenzhong

2016-02-01

Phototherapy, which mainly includes photothermal treatment (PTT) and photodynamic treatment (PDT), is a photo-initiated, noninvasive and effective approach for cancer treatment. The high accumulation of photosensitizers (PSs) in a targeted tumor is still a major challenge for efficient light conversion, to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and local hyperthermia. In this study, a simple and efficient hyaluronic acid (HA)-modified nanoplatform (HA-TiO2@MWCNTs) with high tumor-targeting ability, excellent phototherapy efficiency, low light-associated side effects and good water solubility was developed. It could be an effective carrier to load hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME), owing to the tubular conjugate structure. Apart from this, the as-prepared TiO2@MWCNTs nanocomposites could also be used as PSs for tumor PTT and PDT. Those results in vitro and in vivo showed that the anti-tumor effect of this system-mediated PTT/PDT were significantly better than those of single treatment manner. In addition, this drug delivery system could realize high ratio of drug loading, sustained drug release, prolonged circulation in vivo and active targeted accumulation in tumor. These results suggest that HA-TiO2@MWCNTs/HMME has high potential for tumor synergistic phototherapy as a smart theranostic nanoplatform.

Solar Thermal Energy Storage in a Photochromic Macrocycle.

PubMed

Vlasceanu, Alexandru; Broman, Søren L; Hansen, Anne S; Skov, Anders B; Cacciarini, Martina; Kadziola, Anders; Kjaergaard, Henrik G; Mikkelsen, Kurt V; Nielsen, Mogens Brøndsted

2016-07-25

The conversion and efficient storage of solar energy is recognized to hold significant potential with regard to future energy solutions. Molecular solar thermal batteries based on photochromic systems exemplify one possible technology able to harness and apply this potential. Herein is described the synthesis of a macrocycle based on a dimer of the dihydroazulene/vinylheptafulvene (DHA/VHF) photo/thermal couple. By taking advantage of conformational strain, this DHA-DHA macrocycle presents an improved ability to absorb and store incident light energy in chemical bonds (VHF-VHF). A stepwise energy release over two sequential ring-closing reactions (VHF→DHA) combines the advantages of an initially fast discharge, hypothetically addressing immediate energy consumption needs, followed by a slow process for consistent, long-term use. This exemplifies another step forward in the molecular engineering and design of functional organic materials towards solar thermal energy storage and release. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Pulsed photonic fabrication of nanostructured metal oxide thin films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bourgeois, Briley B.; Luo, Sijun; Riggs, Brian C.; Adireddy, Shiva; Chrisey, Douglas B.

2017-09-01

Nanostructured metal oxide thin films with a large specific surface area are preferable for practical device applications in energy conversion and storage. Herein, we report instantaneous (milliseconds) photonic synthesis of three-dimensional (3-D) nanostructured metal oxide thin films through the pulsed photoinitiated pyrolysis of organometallic precursor films made by chemical solution deposition. High wall-plug efficiency-pulsed photonic irradiation (xenon flash lamp, pulse width of 1.93 ms, fluence of 7.7 J/cm2 and frequency of 1.2 Hz) is used for scalable photonic processing. The photothermal effect of subsequent pulses rapidly improves the crystalline quality of nanocrystalline metal oxide thin films in minutes. The following paper highlights pulsed photonic fabrication of 3-D nanostructured TiO2, Co3O4, and Fe2O3 thin films, exemplifying a promising new method for the low-cost and high-throughput manufacturing of nanostructured metal oxide thin films for energy applications.

Phase sensitive optical coherence microscopy for photothermal imaging of gold nanorods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, Yong; Podoleanu, Adrian G.; Dobre, George

2018-03-01

We describe a swept source based phase sensitive optical coherence microscopy (OCM) system for photothermal imaging of gold nanorods (GNR). The phase sensitive OCM system employed in the study has a displacement sensitivity of 0.17 nm to vibrations at single frequencies below 250 Hz. We demonstrate the generation of phase maps and confocal phase images. By displaying the difference between successive confocal phase images, we perform the confocal photothermal imaging of accumulated GNRs behind a glass coverslip and behind the scattering media separately. Compared with two-photon luminescence (TPL) detection techniques reported in literature, the technique in this study has the advantage of a simplified experimental setup and provides a more efficient method for imaging the aggregation of GNR. However, the repeatability performance of this technique suffers due to jitter noise from the swept laser source.

Dual-wavelength, continuous-wave Yb:YAG laser for high-resolution photothermal common-path interferometry.

PubMed

Zhuang, Fengjiang; Jungbluth, Bernd; Gronloh, Bastian; Hoffmann, Hans-Dieter; Zhang, Ge

2013-07-20

We present a continuous-wave (CW) intracavity frequency-doubled Yb:YAG laser providing 1030 and 515 nm output simultaneously. This laser system was designed for photothermal common-path interferometry to measure spatially resolved profiles of the linear absorption in dielectric media and coatings for visible or infrared light as well as of the nonlinear absorption for the combination of both. A Z-shape laser cavity was designed, providing a beam waist in which an LBO crystal was located for effective second-harmonic generation (SHG). Suitable frequency conversion parameters and cavity configurations were discussed to achieve the optimal performance of a diode-pumped CW SHG laser. A 12.4 W 1030 nm laser and 5.4 W 515 nm laser were developed simultaneously in our experiment.

Photothermal Superheating of Water with Ion-Implanted Silicon Nanowires

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Roder, Paden B.; Manandhar, Sandeep; Smith, Bennett E.

2015-07-21

Nanoparticle-mediated photothermal (PT) cancer therapy has been a major focus in nanomedicine due to its potential as an effective, non-invasive, and targeted alternative to traditional cancer therapy based on small-molecule pharmaceuticals[1,2]. Gold nanocrystals have been a primary focus of PT research[3], which can be attributed to their size tunability[4], well understood conjugation chemistry[5], and efficient absorption of NIR radiation in the tissue transparency window (800 nm – 1 μm) due to their size-dependent localized surface plasmon resonances[6].

Glutathione responsive micelles incorporated with semiconducting polymer dots and doxorubicin for cancer photothermal-chemotherapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cai, Zhixiong; Zhang, Da; Lin, Xinyi; Chen, Yunzhu; Wu, Ming; Wei, Zuwu; Zhang, Zhenxi; Liu, Xiaolong; Yao, Cuiping

2017-10-01

Nanoplatform integrated with photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemotherapy has been recognized a promising agent for enhancing cancer therapeutic outcomes, but still suffer from less controllability for optimizing their synergistic effects. We fabricated glutathione (GSH) responsive micelles incorporated with semiconducting polymer dots and doxorubicin (referred as SPDOX NPs) for combining PTT with chemotherapy to enhance cancer therapeutic efficiency. These micelles, with excellent water dispersibility, comprises of three distinct functional components: (1) the monomethoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)-S-S-hexadecyl (mPEG-S-S-C16), which forms the micelles, can render hydrophobic substances water-soluble and improve the colloidal stability; (2) disulfide linkages can be cleaved in a reductive environment for tumor specific drug release due to the high GSH concentrations of tumor micro-environment; (3) PCPDTBT dots and anti-cancer drug DOX that are loaded inside the hydrophobic core of the micelle can be applied to simultaneously perform PTT and chemotherapy to achieve significantly enhanced tumor killing efficiency both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, our studies demonstrated that our SPDOX NPs with simultaneous photothermal-chemotherapy functions could be a promising platform for a tumor specific responsive drug delivery system.

Photothermal sensitization of amelanotic melanoma cells by Ni(II)-octabutoxy-naphthalocyanine.

PubMed

Busetti, A; Soncin, M; Reddi, E; Rodgers, M A; Kenney, M E; Jori, G

1999-01-01

Incubation of B78H1 amelanotic melanoma cells with a potential photothermal sensitizer, namely, liposome-incorporated Ni(II)-octabutoxy-naphthalocyanine (NiNc), induces an appreciable cellular accumulation of the naphthalocyanine, which is dependent on both the NiNc concentration and the incubation time. No detectable decrease in cell survival occurs upon red-light irradiation (corresponding to the longest-wavelength absorption bands of NiNc) in a continuous-wave (c.w.) regime of the naphthalocyanine-loaded cells. On the other hand, 850 nm irradiation with a Q-switched Ti:sapphire laser operating in a pulsed mode (30 ns pulses, 10 Hz, 200 mJ/pulse) induces an efficient cell death. Thus, ca. 98% decrease in cell survival is obtained upon 5 min irradiation of cells that have been incubated for 48 h with 5.1 microM NiNc. The efficiency of the photoprocess is strongly influenced by the NiNc cell incubation time prior to irradiation. Photothermal sensitization with NiNc appears to open new perspectives for therapeutic applications, as suggested by preliminary in vivo studies with C57/BL6 mice bearing a subcutaneously implanted amelanotic melanoma.

Multifunctional PEG modified DOX loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticle@CuS nanohybrids as photo-thermal agent and thermal-triggered drug release vehicle for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Lingjie; Wu, Ming; Zeng, Yongyi; Zhang, Da; Zheng, Aixian; Liu, Xiaolong; Liu, Jingfeng

2015-01-01

The combination of a multi-therapeutic mode with a controlled fashion is a key improvement in nanomedicine. Here, we synthesized polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) @CuS nanohybrids as efficient drug delivery carriers, combined with photothermal therapy and chemotherapy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The physical properties of the nanohybrids were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2 adsorption and desorption experiments and by the Vis-NIR absorption spectra. The results showed that the doxorubicin could be stored in the inner pores of mesoporous silica nanoparticles; the CuS nanoparticles, which are coated on the surface of a mesoporous silica nanoparticle, could serve as efficient photothermal therapy (PTT) agents; the loaded drug release could be easily triggered by NIR irradiation. The combination of the PTT treatment with controlled chemotherapy could further enhance the cancer ablation ability compared to any of the single approaches alone. Hence, the reported PEG-modified DOX-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticle@CuS nanohybrids might be very promising therapeutic agents for HCC treatment.

Effects of graphite nanoparticles on nitrification in an activated sludge system.

PubMed

Dong, Qian; Liu, Yanchen; Shi, Hanchang; Huang, Xia

2017-09-01

Graphite nanoparticles (GNPs) might result in unexpected effects during their transportation and transformation in wastewater treatment systems, including strong thermo-catalytic and catalytic effects and microbial cytotoxicity. In particular, the effects of GNPs on the nitrification process in activated sludge systems should be addressed. This study aimed to estimate the influence of GNPs on the nitrification process in a short-term nitrification reactor with exposure to different light sources. The results indicated that GNPs could only improve the efficiency of photothermal transformation slightly in the activated sludge system because of its photothermal effects under the standard illuminant (imitating 1 × sun). However, even with better photothermal effects, the nitrification efficiency still decreased significantly with GNP dosing under the standard illuminant, which might result from stronger cytotoxic effects of GNPs on the nitrifying bacteria. The disappearance of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) around bacterial cells was observed, and the total quantity of viable bacteria decreased significantly after GNP exposuring. Variation in bacterial groups primarily occurred in nitrifying microbial communities, including Nitrosomonas sp., Nitrosospira sp., Comamonas sp. and Bradyrhizobiace sp. Nitrifiers significantly decreased, while the phyla Gammaproteobacteria, Deinocccus, and Bacteroidetes exhibited greater stability during GNP treatment. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Biocompatible 5-Aminolevulinic Acid/Au Nanoparticle-Loaded Ethosomal Vesicles for In Vitro Transdermal Synergistic Photodynamic/Photothermal Therapy of Hypertrophic Scars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Zheng; Chen, Yunsheng; Ding, Jiayue; Zhang, Chunlei; Zhang, Amin; He, Dannong; Zhang, Yixin

2017-12-01

Biocompatible 5-aminolevulinic acid/Au nanoparticle-loaded ethosomal vesicle (A/A-ES) is prepared via ultrasonication for synergistic transdermal photodynamic/photothermal therapy (PDT/PTT) of hypertrophic scar (HS). Utilizing ultrasonication, Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) are synthesized and simultaneously loaded in ethosomal vesicles (ES) without any toxic agents, and 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is also loaded in ES with 20% of the entrapment efficiency (EE). The prepared A/A-ES displays strong absorbance in 600-650 nm due to the plasmonic coupling effect between neighboring AuNPs in the same A/A-ES, which can simultaneously stimulate A/A-ES to produce heat and enhance quantum yields of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by using 632 nm laser. In vitro transdermal penetrability study demonstrates that A/A-ES acts as a highly efficient drug carrier to enhance both ALA and AuNPs penetration into HS tissue . Taking human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSF) as therapeutic targets, synergistic PDT/PTT of HS indicates that A/A-ES could enhance quantum yields of ROS by photothermal effect and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of AuNPs, resulting in a high level of apoptosis or necrosis. In a word, the prepared A/A-ES shows a better synergistic PDT/PTT efficiency for HSF than the individual PDT and PTT, encouraging perspective for treatment of HS.

Irradiation of amelanotic melanoma cells with 532 nm high peak power pulsed laser radiation in the presence of the photothermal sensitizer Cu(II)-hematoporphyrin: a new approach to cell photoinactivation.

PubMed

Soncin, M; Busetti, A; Fusi, F; Jori, G; Rodgers, M A

1999-06-01

Cu(II)-hematoporphyrin (CuHp) was efficiently accumulated by B78H1 amelanotic melanoma cells upon incubation with porphyrin concentrations up to 52 microM. When the cells incubated for 18 h with 13 microM CuHp were irradiated with 532 nm light from a Q-switched Nd: YAG laser operated in a pulsed mode (10 ns pulses, 10 Hz) a significant decrease in cell survival was observed. The cell photoinactivation was not the consequence of a photodynamic process, as CuHp gave no detectable triplet signal upon laser flash photolysis excitation and no decrease in cell survival was observed upon continuous wave irradiation. Thus, it is likely that CuHp sensitization takes place by photothermal pathways. The efficiency of the photoprocess was modulated by different parameters; thus, while varying the amount of added CuHp in the 3.25-26 microM range had little effect, pulse energies larger than 50 mJ and irradiation times of at least 120 s were necessary to induce a cell inactivation of about 50%. The porphyrin-cell incubation time prior to irradiation had a major influence on cell survival, suggesting that the nature of the CuHp microenvironment can control the efficiency of photothermal sensitization.

Multifunctional gold coated thermo-sensitive liposomes for multimodal imaging and photo-thermal therapy of breast cancer cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rengan, Aravind Kumar; Jagtap, Madhura; de, Abhijit; Banerjee, Rinti; Srivastava, Rohit

2013-12-01

Plasmon resonant gold nanoparticles of various sizes and shapes have been extensively researched for their applications in imaging, drug delivery and photothermal therapy (PTT). However, their ability to degrade after performing the required function is essential for their application in healthcare. When combined with biodegradable liposomes, they appear to have better degradation capabilities. They degrade into smaller particles of around 5 nm that are eligible candidates for renal clearance. Distearoyl phosphatidyl choline : cholesterol (DSPC : CHOL, 8 : 2 wt%) liposomes have been synthesized and coated with gold by in situ reduction of chloro-auric acid. These particles of size 150-200 nm are analyzed for their stability, degradation capacity, model drug-release profile, biocompatibility and photothermal effects on cancer cells. It is observed that when these particles are subjected to low power continuous wave near infra-red (NIR) laser for more than 10 min, they degrade into small gold nanoparticles of size 5 nm. Also, the gold coated liposomes appear to have excellent biocompatibility and high efficiency to kill cancer cells through photothermal transduction. These novel materials are also useful in imaging using specific NIR dyes, thus exhibiting multifunctional properties for theranostics of cancer.Plasmon resonant gold nanoparticles of various sizes and shapes have been extensively researched for their applications in imaging, drug delivery and photothermal therapy (PTT). However, their ability to degrade after performing the required function is essential for their application in healthcare. When combined with biodegradable liposomes, they appear to have better degradation capabilities. They degrade into smaller particles of around 5 nm that are eligible candidates for renal clearance. Distearoyl phosphatidyl choline : cholesterol (DSPC : CHOL, 8 : 2 wt%) liposomes have been synthesized and coated with gold by in situ reduction of chloro-auric acid. These particles of size 150-200 nm are analyzed for their stability, degradation capacity, model drug-release profile, biocompatibility and photothermal effects on cancer cells. It is observed that when these particles are subjected to low power continuous wave near infra-red (NIR) laser for more than 10 min, they degrade into small gold nanoparticles of size 5 nm. Also, the gold coated liposomes appear to have excellent biocompatibility and high efficiency to kill cancer cells through photothermal transduction. These novel materials are also useful in imaging using specific NIR dyes, thus exhibiting multifunctional properties for theranostics of cancer. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Additional figures. See DOI: 10.1039/c3nr04448c

Platinum(iv) prodrug conjugated Pd@Au nanoplates for chemotherapy and photothermal therapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shi, Saige; Chen, Xiaolan; Wei, Jingping; Huang, Yizhuan; Weng, Jian; Zheng, Nanfeng

2016-03-01

Owing to the excellent near infrared (NIR) light absorption and efficient passive targeting toward tumor tissue, two-dimensional (2D) core-shell PEGylated Pd@Au nanoplates have great potential in both photothermal therapy and drug delivery systems. In this work, we successfully conjugate Pd@Au nanoplates with a platinum(iv) prodrug c,c,t-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2(O2CCH2CH2CO2H)2] to obtain a nanocomposite (Pd@Au-PEG-Pt) for combined photothermal-chemotherapy. The prepared Pd@Au-PEG-Pt nanocomposite showed excellent stability in physiological solutions and efficient Pt(iv) prodrug loading. Once injected into biological tissue, the Pt(iv) prodrug was easily reduced by physiological reductants (e.g. ascorbic acid or glutathione) into its cytotoxic and hydrophilic Pt(ii) form and released from the original nanocomposite, and the NIR laser irradiation could accelerate the release of Pt(ii) species. More importantly, Pd@Au-PEG-Pt has high tumor accumulation (29%ID per g), which makes excellent therapeutic efficiency at relatively low power density possible. The in vivo results suggested that, compared with single therapy the combined thermo-chemotherapy treatment with Pd@Au-PEG-Pt resulted in complete destruction of the tumor tissue without recurrence, while chemotherapy using Pd@Au-PEG-Pt without irradiation or photothermal treatment using Pd@Au-PEG alone did not. Our work highlights the prospects of a feasible drug delivery strategy of the Pt prodrug by using 2D Pd@Au nanoplates as drug delivery carriers for multimode cancer treatment.Owing to the excellent near infrared (NIR) light absorption and efficient passive targeting toward tumor tissue, two-dimensional (2D) core-shell PEGylated Pd@Au nanoplates have great potential in both photothermal therapy and drug delivery systems. In this work, we successfully conjugate Pd@Au nanoplates with a platinum(iv) prodrug c,c,t-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2(O2CCH2CH2CO2H)2] to obtain a nanocomposite (Pd@Au-PEG-Pt) for combined photothermal-chemotherapy. The prepared Pd@Au-PEG-Pt nanocomposite showed excellent stability in physiological solutions and efficient Pt(iv) prodrug loading. Once injected into biological tissue, the Pt(iv) prodrug was easily reduced by physiological reductants (e.g. ascorbic acid or glutathione) into its cytotoxic and hydrophilic Pt(ii) form and released from the original nanocomposite, and the NIR laser irradiation could accelerate the release of Pt(ii) species. More importantly, Pd@Au-PEG-Pt has high tumor accumulation (29%ID per g), which makes excellent therapeutic efficiency at relatively low power density possible. The in vivo results suggested that, compared with single therapy the combined thermo-chemotherapy treatment with Pd@Au-PEG-Pt resulted in complete destruction of the tumor tissue without recurrence, while chemotherapy using Pd@Au-PEG-Pt without irradiation or photothermal treatment using Pd@Au-PEG alone did not. Our work highlights the prospects of a feasible drug delivery strategy of the Pt prodrug by using 2D Pd@Au nanoplates as drug delivery carriers for multimode cancer treatment. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Synthesis process of Pt(iv) prodrug, mass data and FT-IR spectra of the intermediate product and Pt(iv) prodrug, TEM images of Pd@Au and Au NPs, thermal gravimetric analysis of nanoparticles, dispersion stability of Pd@Au-PEG-Pt NSs in different solutions, chemical reduction of Pt(ii) in a water bath, viability of different cell lines incubated with different concentrations of materials, uptake of different drugs by HeLa cells, size distribution of nanoparticles, tissue distribution by measuring the Pt amounts and zeta potential information of prodrug function nanomaterials. See DOI: 10.1039/c5nr09120a

Estimation of biomedical optical properties by simultaneous use of diffuse reflectometry and photothermal radiometry: investigation of light propagation models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fonseca, E. S. R.; de Jesus, M. E. P.

2007-07-01

The estimation of optical properties of highly turbid and opaque biological tissue is a difficult task since conventional purely optical methods rapidly loose sensitivity as the mean photon path length decreases. Photothermal methods, such as pulsed or frequency domain photothermal radiometry (FD-PTR), on the other hand, show remarkable sensitivity in experimental conditions that produce very feeble optical signals. Photothermal Radiometry is primarily sensitive to absorption coefficient yielding considerably higher estimation errors on scattering coefficients. Conversely, purely optical methods such as Local Diffuse Reflectance (LDR) depend mainly on the scattering coefficient and yield much better estimates of this parameter. Therefore, at moderate transport albedos, the combination of photothermal and reflectance methods can improve considerably the sensitivity of detection of tissue optical properties. The authors have recently proposed a novel method that combines FD-PTR with LDR, aimed at improving sensitivity on the determination of both optical properties. Signal analysis was performed by global fitting the experimental data to forward models based on Monte-Carlo simulations. Although this approach is accurate, the associated computational burden often limits its use as a forward model. Therefore, the application of analytical models based on the diffusion approximation offers a faster alternative. In this work, we propose the calculation of the diffuse reflectance and the fluence rate profiles under the δ-P I approximation. This approach is known to approximate fluence rate expressions better close to collimated sources and boundaries than the standard diffusion approximation (SDA). We extend this study to the calculation of the diffuse reflectance profiles. The ability of the δ-P I based model to provide good estimates of the absorption, scattering and anisotropy coefficients is tested against Monte-Carlo simulations over a wide range of scattering to absorption ratios. Experimental validation of the proposed method is accomplished by a set of measurements on solid absorbing and scattering phantoms.

Thermo/pH dual-stimuli-responsive drug delivery for chemo-/photothermal therapy monitored by cell imaging.

PubMed

Shu, Yang; Song, Rusheng; Zheng, Anqi; Huang, Jingli; Chen, Mingli; Wang, Jianhua

2018-05-01

A thermo/pH dual-stimuli-responsive drug delivery system (DDS) based on polymer coated mesoporous silica nanostructures (MSNs) is developed for facilitating chemotherapy and photothermal therapy. Thermo/pH-responsive polymer, poly((N-isopropylacrylamide, NIPAM)-co-methacrylic acid, MA), is grafted onto MSNs by in situ polymerization, followed by loading a chemotherapeutic drug (doxorubicin hydrochloride, DOX) and a near-infrared-absorbing phototherapeutic agent (indocyanine green, ICG) to construct the intelligent drug delivery system, shortly as DOX-ICG-MSN@p(NIPAM-co-MA). At NIR irradiation, the photothermal conversion capability of ICG raises the temperature of the DDS and opens the gatekeeper by shrinkage of the copolymer p(NIPAM-co-MA), which triggers controlled release of DOX at an elevated temperature. On the other hand, drug release is also realized at pH 5.3, a characteristic pH value in cancer cell microenvironment, at which it not only causes the shrinkage of the pH-sensitive polymeric moiety of methacrylic acid in MSN@p(NIPAM-co-MA) but also deteriorates electrostatic interaction of DOX molecules in the mesoporous channel by protonation of silanols. In addition, ICG further ensures photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). The cytotoxicity assay of HeLa cells shows obvious synergistic effect by demonstrating that the combined use of DOX and ICG is more effective in killing HeLa cells than free DOX and ICG. The endocytosis of the drug is monitored by cell imaging. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Direct and Quantitative Photothermal Absorption Spectroscopy of Individual Particulates

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

1(a). By taking the ratio of the spectral absorption efficiency of the microwire to the corresponding volumetri - cally equivalent thin film, an...of D¼ 983 nm. For further comparison, the theoretical spectral absorption efficiency for a volumetri - cally equivalent (t¼ 983p/4 nm) thin film, Qabs

Plasmonic-enhanced targeted nanohealing of metallic nanostructures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Hangbo; Lu, Jinsheng; Ghosh, Pintu; Chen, Ziyao; Wang, Wei; Ye, Hui; Yu, Qian; Qiu, Min; Li, Qiang

2018-02-01

Healing defects of metallic structures is an essential procedure for manufacturing and maintaining integrated devices. Current nanocomposite-assisted microhealing methodologies are inadequate for nanoscopic applications because of their concomitant contamination and limited operation accuracy. In this paper, we propose an optically controllable targeted nanohealing technique by utilizing the plasmonic-enhanced photothermal effect. The healing of nanogaps between two silver nanowires (NWs) is achieved by increasing the incident laser power in steps. Partial connection of NWs can be readily obtained using this technique, while near-perfect connection of NWs with the same crystal orientations is obtained only when the lattices on the two opposing facets are matched after recrystallization. This non-contaminating nanohealing technique not only provides deeper insight into the heat/mass transfer assisted by plasmonic photothermal conversion in the nanoscale but also suggests avenues for recovering mechanical, electronic, and photonic properties of defected metallic nanodevices.

Arbitrary lattice symmetries via block copolymer nanomeshes

PubMed Central

Majewski, Pawel W.; Rahman, Atikur; Black, Charles T.; Yager, Kevin G.

2015-01-01

Self-assembly of block copolymers is a powerful motif for spontaneously forming well-defined nanostructures over macroscopic areas. Yet, the inherent energy minimization criteria of self-assembly give rise to a limited library of structures; diblock copolymers naturally form spheres on a cubic lattice, hexagonally packed cylinders and alternating lamellae. Here, we demonstrate multicomponent nanomeshes with any desired lattice symmetry. We exploit photothermal annealing to rapidly order and align block copolymer phases over macroscopic areas, combined with conversion of the self-assembled organic phase into inorganic replicas. Repeated photothermal processing independently aligns successive layers, providing full control of the size, symmetry and composition of the nanoscale unit cell. We construct a variety of symmetries, most of which are not natively formed by block copolymers, including squares, rhombuses, rectangles and triangles. In fact, we demonstrate all possible two-dimensional Bravais lattices. Finally, we elucidate the influence of nanostructure on the electrical and optical properties of nanomeshes. PMID:26100566

Computer modeling of the optical properties and heating of spherical gold and silica-gold nanoparticles for laser combined imaging and photothermal treatment.

PubMed

Pustovalov, V; Astafyeva, L; Jean, B

2009-06-03

Recently, several groups of investigators (Anderson, Halas, Zharov, El-Sayed and their co-workers (Pitsillides et al 2003 Biophys. J. 84 4023-31, Zharov et al 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 4897-9, Zharov et al 2004 Proc. SPIE 5319 291-9, Loo et al 2005 Nano Lett. 5 709-11, Gobin et al 2007 Nano Lett. 7 1929-34, Fu et al 2008 Nanotechnology 19 045103, Huang et al 2006 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 2115-20, Jain et al 2006 J. Phys. Chem. B 110 7238-48, Jain et al 2007 Nano Today 2 18-29)) demonstrated, through pioneering results, the great potential of laser thermal therapy of cells and tissues conjugated with gold nanoparticles. It was also proposed to use combined diagnostics and therapy on the basis of nanoparticle selection for achievement of efficient contrast for laser imaging applications, as well as for photothermal therapy. However, the current understanding of the relationship between optical properties (absorption, backscattering) of nanoparticles, the efficiency of nanoparticle heating and the possibility to use them for combined imaging and therapy is limited. Here, we report the results of computer modeling of optical absorption and backscattering properties and laser heating of gold and silica-gold spherical nanoparticles for laser combined imaging and photothermal treatment of cells and tissues conjugated with nanoparticles. The efficiencies of nanoparticle heating and backscattering by nanoparticles, depending upon their radii, structure and optical properties of the metal, were investigated. This paper focuses on the analysis and determination of appropriate ranges of nanoparticle sizes for the purposes of laser combined imaging and photothermal treatment. The possibility to use spherical gold and silica-gold nanoparticles in determined ranges of radii for these purposes for laser wavelengths 532 and 800 nm is investigated.

Spatiotemporal modeling of laser tissue soldering using photothermal nanocomposites.

PubMed

Mushaben, Madaline; Urie, Russell; Flake, Tanner; Jaffe, Michael; Rege, Kaushal; Heys, Jeffrey

2018-02-01

Laser tissue soldering using photothermal solders is a technology that facilitates rapid sealing using heat-induced changes in the tissue and the solder material. The solder material is made of gold nanorods embedded in a protein matrix patch that can be placed over the tissue rupture site and heated with a laser. Although laser tissue soldering is an attractive approach for surgical repair, potential photothermal damage can limit the success of this approach. Development of predictive mathematical models of photothermal effects including cell death, can lead to more efficient approaches in laser-based tissue repair. We describe an experimental and modeling investigation into photothermal solder patches for sealing porcine and mouse cadaver intestine sections using near-infrared laser irradiation. Spatiotemporal changes in temperature were determined at the surface as well as various depths below the patch. A mathematical model, based on the finite element method, predicts the spatiotemporal temperature distribution in the patch and surrounding tissue, as well as concomitant cell death in the tissue is described. For both the porcine and mouse intestine systems, the model predicts temperatures that are quantitatively similar to the experimental measurements with the model predictions of temperature increase often being within a just a few degrees of experimental measurements. This mathematical model can be employed to identify optimal conditions for minimizing healthy cell death while still achieving a strong seal of the ruptured tissue using laser soldering. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:143-152, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Advantages of using gold hollow nanoshells in cancer photothermal therapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abbasi, Sattar; Servatkhah, Mojtaba; Keshtkar, Mohammad Mehdi

2016-08-01

Lots of studies have been conducted on the optical properties of gold nanoparticles in the first region of near infrared (650 nm-950 nm), however new findings show that the second region of near-infrared (1000 nm-1350 nm) penetrates to the deeper tissues of the human body. Therefore, using the above-mentioned region in photo-thermal therapy (PTT) of cancer will be more appropriate. In this paper, absorption efficiency is calculated for gold spherical and rod-shaped nanoshells by the finite element method (FEM). The results show that the surface plasmon frequency of these nanostructures is highly dependent on the dimension and thickness of shell and it can be adjusted to the second region of near-infrared. Thus, due to their optical tunability and their high absorption efficiency the hollow nanoshells are the most appropriate options for eradicating cancer tissues.

Photochemical and Photothermal Reduction of Carbon Dioxide for Solar Fuels Production

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jelle, Abdinoor Abdullahi

Catalytic conversion of greenhouse gas carbon dioxide to value-added chemicals and fuels powered by solar energy is envisioned to be a promising strategy to realize both energy security and environmental protection. This work demonstrates that earth abundant, low cost nanomaterials based on silicon and iron can be used to harvest both light and heat energy from the sun to reduce CO2 and generate solar fuels. Herein, we have demonstrated that ruthenium supported ultra-black silicon nanowires can drive the Sabatier reaction both photochemically and photothermally where both incident photons absorbed by and heat generated in the black silicon nanowires accelerate the photomethanation reaction. This allows the reaction to be activated at ambient temperatures removing the need for external heating that could cause sintering, mechanical degradation and eventual catalyst deactivation and therefore improves the overall energy efficiency of the process. Additionally, we have shown that the rate of photomethanation is greatly enhanced when highly dispersed nanocrystalline RuO2 is chemically deposited onto the black silicon nanowires support. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that other silicon structures such as three-dimensional silicon photonic crystals can be used as an efficient support for CO2 hydrogenation. Unlike other insulating supports, these silicon nanostructured supports are particularly attractive for solar-powered catalysis because, with a band-gap of 1.1 eV, they can potentially absorb 80% of the solar irradiance. Moreover, they exhibit excellent absorption strengths and low reflective losses across the entire solar spectral wavelength range of the ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared portion of the solar spectrum. Finally, we demonstrated a comprehensive comparative study of the physical, electronic, and photocatalytic properties of ironoxyhydroxide (FeOOH) polymorphs by studying the extent of methylene blue photodegradation. This work led to the transformation of these FeOOH polymorphs into magnetite (Fe3O 4) which effectively reduced CO2 to CO via the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction.

Degradable Molybdenum Oxide Nanosheets with Rapid Clearance and Efficient Tumor Homing Capabilities as a Therapeutic Nanoplatform.

PubMed

Song, Guosheng; Hao, Jiali; Liang, Chao; Liu, Teng; Gao, Min; Cheng, Liang; Hu, Junqing; Liu, Zhuang

2016-02-05

Molybdenum oxide (MoOx) nanosheets with high near-infrared (NIR) absorbance and pH-dependent oxidative degradation properties were synthesized, functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG), and then used as a degradable photothermal agent and drug carrier. The nanosheets, which are relatively stable under acidic pH, could be degraded at physiological pH. Therefore, MoOx-PEG distributed in organs upon intravenous injection would be rapidly degraded and excreted without apparent in vivo toxicity. MoOx-PEG shows efficient accumulation in tumors, the acidic pH of which then leads to longer tumor retention of those nanosheets. Along with the capability of acting as a photothermal agent for effective tumor ablation, MoOx-PEG can load therapeutic molecules with high efficiencies. This concept of inorganic theranostic nanoagent should be relatively stable in tumors to allow imaging and treatment, while being readily degradable in normal organs to enable rapid excretion and avoid long-term retention/toxicity. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Nanoshells for photothermal therapy: a Monte-Carlo based numerical study of their design tolerance

PubMed Central

Grosges, Thomas; Barchiesi, Dominique; Kessentini, Sameh; Gréhan, Gérard; de la Chapelle, Marc Lamy

2011-01-01

The optimization of the coated metallic nanoparticles and nanoshells is a current challenge for biological applications, especially for cancer photothermal therapy, considering both the continuous improvement of their fabrication and the increasing requirement of efficiency. The efficiency of the coupling between illumination with such nanostructures for burning purposes depends unevenly on their geometrical parameters (radius, thickness of the shell) and material parameters (permittivities which depend on the illumination wavelength). Through a Monte-Carlo method, we propose a numerical study of such nanodevice, to evaluate tolerances (or uncertainty) on these parameters, given a threshold of efficiency, to facilitate the design of nanoparticles. The results could help to focus on the relevant parameters of the engineering process for which the absorbed energy is the most dependant. The Monte-Carlo method confirms that the best burning efficiency are obtained for hollow nanospheres and exhibit the sensitivity of the absorbed electromagnetic energy as a function of each parameter. The proposed method is general and could be applied in design and development of new embedded coated nanomaterials used in biomedicine applications. PMID:21698021

Theranostic self-assembly structure of gold nanoparticles for NIR photothermal therapy and X-Ray computed tomography imaging.

PubMed

Deng, Heng; Zhong, Yanqi; Du, Meihong; Liu, Qinjun; Fan, Zhanming; Dai, Fengying; Zhang, Xin

2014-01-01

The controllable self-assembly of amphiphilic mixed polymers grafted gold nanoparitcles (AuNPs) leads to strong interparticle plasmonic coupling, which can be tuned to the near-infrared (NIR) region for enhanced photothermal therapy (PTT). In this study, an improved thiolation method was adopted for ATRP and ROP polymer to obtain amphiphilic brushes of PMEO2MA-SH and PCL-SH. By anchoring PCL-SH and PMEO2MA-SH onto the 14 nm AuNPs, a smart hybrid building block for self-assembly was obtained. Increasing the PCL/PMEO2MA chain ratio from 0.8:1, 2:1 and 3:1 to 7:1, the structure of gold assemblies (GAs) was observed to transfer from vesicle to large compound micelle (LCM). Contributed to the special dense packed structure of gold nanoparticles in LCM, the absorption spectrometry of gold nanoparticles drastically red-shifted from 520 nm to 830 nm, which endowed the GAs remarkable NIR photothermal conversion ability. In addition, gold has high X-ray absorption coefficient which qualifies gold nanomaterial a potential CT contrast agent Herein, we obtain a novel gold assembly structure which can be utilized as potential photothermal therapeutic and CT contrast agents. In vitro and In vivo studies testified the excellent treatment efficacy of optimum GAs as a PTT and CT contrast agent. In vitro degradation test, MTT assay and histology study indicated that GAs was a safe, low toxic reagent with good biodegradability. Therefore, the optimum GAs with strong NIR absorption and high X-ray absorption coefficient could be used as a theranostic agent and the formation of novel gold large compound micelle might offers a new theory foundation for engineering design and synthesis of polymer grafted AuNPs for biomedical applications.

In Vitro and In Vivo Photothermal Cancer Therapeutic Effects of Gold Nanorods Modified with Mushroom β-Glucan.

PubMed

Li, Xiaojie; Zhou, Jiajing; Dong, Xiaonan; Cheng, Wai-Yin; Duan, Hongwei; Cheung, Peter C K

2018-04-25

The photothermal cancer therapeutic effect of the AuNR-Glu nanohybrids produced by coating native gold nanorods (AuNRs) with a natural mushroom biopolymer from the Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotia (Glu) were studied in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II). The AuNR-Glu exhibited low cytotoxicity and high biocompatibility due to the surface modification of Glu when compared with the native AuNRs. AuNR-Glu nanohybrids had a high photothermal transduction efficiency (η) of 43.12%, causing effective in vitro cell ablation in both HT-29 (94.2 ± 0.8% cell death) and SW480 (94.8 ± 1.1% cell death) colon cancer cells under 1064 nm NIR-II laser irradiation at 1.0 W/cm 2 . Intravenous injection of AuNR-Glu nanohybrids followed by irradiation from a NIR-II laser at a safe dose (1.0 W/cm 2 for 5 min) in nude mice implanted with HT-29 tumors was effective in significantly reducing the tumor growth, with no obvious harmful side effects, as evidenced by histological analysis of major organs. The present results have shown that AuNRs modified by natural biopolymers from mushroom β-glucans are novel nanomaterials with low cytotoxicity and effective photothermal anticancer agents with potential biomedical applications.

Anti-EGFR Antibody Conjugation of Fucoidan-Coated Gold Nanorods as Novel Photothermal Ablation Agents for Cancer Therapy.

PubMed

Manivasagan, Panchanathan; Bharathiraja, Subramaniyan; Santha Moorthy, Madhappan; Oh, Yun-Ok; Song, Kyeongeun; Seo, Hansu; Oh, Junghwan

2017-05-03

The development of novel photothermal ablation agents as cancer nanotheranostics has received a great deal of attention in recent decades. Biocompatible fucoidan (Fu) is used as the coating material for gold nanorods (AuNRs) and subsequently conjugated with monoclonal antibodies against epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) as novel photothermal ablation agents for cancer nanotheranostics because of their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, nontoxicity, water solubility, photostability, ease of surface modification, strongly enhanced absorption in near-infrared (NIR) regions, target specificity, minimal invasiveness, fast recovery, and prevention of damage to normal tissues. Anti-EGFR Fu-AuNRs have an average particle size of 96.37 ± 3.73 nm. Under 808 nm NIR laser at 2 W/cm 2 for 5 min, the temperature of the solution containing anti-EGFR Fu-AuNRs (30 μg/mL) increased by 52.1 °C. The anti-EGFR Fu-AuNRs exhibited high efficiency for the ablation of MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro. In vivo photothermal ablation exhibited that tumor tissues fully recovered without recurrence and finally were reconstructed with normal tissues by the 808 nm NIR laser irradiation after injection of anti-EGFR Fu-AuNRs. These results suggest that the anti-EGFR Fu-AuNRs would be novel photoablation agents for future cancer nanotheranostics.

Graphene oxide/manganese ferrite nanohybrids for magnetic resonance imaging, photothermal therapy and drug delivery.

PubMed

Yang, Yan; Shi, Haili; Wang, Yapei; Shi, Benzhao; Guo, Linlin; Wu, Dongmei; Yang, Shiping; Wu, Huixia

2016-01-01

Superparamagnetic manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) nanoparticles have been deposited on graphene oxide (GO) by the thermal decomposition of manganese (II) acetylacetonate and iron (III) acetylacetonate precursors in triethylene glycol. The resulting GO/MnFe2O4 nanohybrids show very low cytotoxicity, negligible hemolytic activity, and imperceptible in vivo toxicity. In vitro and in vivo magnetic resonance imaging experiments demonstrate that GO/MnFe2O4 nanohybrids could be used as an effective T2 contrast agent. The strong optical absorbance in the near-infrared (NIR) region and good photothermal stability of GO/MnFe2O4 nanohybrids result in the highly efficient photothermal ablation of cancer cells. GO/MnFe2O4 nanohybrids can be further loaded with doxorubicin (DOX) by π-π conjugate effect for chemotherapy. DOX release from GO/MnFe2O4 is significantly influenced by pH and can be triggered by NIR laser. The enhanced cancer cell killing by GO/MnFe2O4/DOX composites has been achieved when irradiated with near-infrared light, suggesting that the nanohybrids could deliver both DOX chemotherapy and photothermal therapy with a synergistic effect. © The Author(s) 2015.

Noble metal based plasmonic nanomaterials and their application for bio-imaging and photothermal therapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Dewei

During the past two decades, researchers have gained more and more insight into the manipulation of nanomaterials to create useful technologies. Numerous classes of nanomaterials have been produced and studied based upon their intriguing chemical and physical properties and their potential applications in diverse fields, ranging from electronics to renewable energy and biomedicine. In this dissertation, we describe the synthesis and potential biomedical applications of several types of noble metal-based nanomaterials in which we control size, shape, and coupling to other materials to tune their localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) interaction with light. We demonstrate the application of these novel nanostructures as contrast agents for photoacoustic imaging and as photosensitizers for photothermal therapy. Chapter one first presents protocols for producing monodisperse spherical nanoparticles of gold and silver. The diameter of the nanospheres can be adjusted from less than 2 nm to greater than 10 nm by controlling the reaction conditions, including ligands that cap the nanosphere surfaces, reaction time, and reaction temperature. Next, we describe the synthesis of multi-branched Au nanocrystals with predominantly tripodal, tetrapodal and star-shaped morphologies. We demonstrate tuning of the LSPR energy in these materials by changing the branch length. In the third part of this chapter, we present a novel method for coupling heavily-doped p-type copper selenide (Cu2-xSe) NPs with Au NPs by seeded nanocrystal growth to form a new type of semiconductor-metal heterogeneous nanostructure. This new class of plasmonic nanomaterials can simultaneously exhibit two types of LSPR in a single system, producing a broad optical absorbance that is nearly flat across the near infrared (NIR) spectral region (750-1150nm), along with a small shoulder at 566 nm that originates from the Au NP. We conclude this first chapter by demonstrating the use of self-doped copper sulfide (Cu 2-xS) NCs as a template for preparing gold sulfide (Au2S) NCs and intermediate Cu2-xS-Au2S heterostructures by cation exchange. In chapter two, we demonstrate the use of Au-Cu2-xSe nano-dimers for high contrast multimodal imaging in vitro and in vivo. Their broad LSPR absorbance and scattering enables both dark-field optical imaging and photoacoustic (PA) imaging with different light sources. The clinical relevance of these new PA contrast agents was demonstrated through deep tissue visualization of a sentinel lymph node (SLN) in a rat. Imaging through layers of chicken breast tissue at total imaging depths needed for human SLN imaging was achieved. Further, the kinetics of these NCs in the rat circulatory system were monitored in vivo. A widely available and relatively low cost Nd:YAG laser source(1064 nm) was used for all PA imaging experiments, which is an additional benefit for easy commercialization and clinical translation. Thus, these unique Au-Cu2-xSe heterodimer NPs provide a promising optical contrast agent for deep tissue imaging by PAT, as well as a new material system for fundamental studies of plasmonic interactions. In chapter three, we study the potential of both Au-Cu 2-xSe NCs and multi-branched Au NCs for use in photothermal therapy (PTT). Upon illumination with a 980 nm laser beam, the Au-Cu2-xSe nanocrystals produce significant photothermal heating, exhibiting a photothermal transduction efficiency of 32%, which is comparable to that of Au nanorods and nanoparticles (10nm). The multi-branched Au NCs exhibited a photothermal transduction efficiency of 60%, significantly higher than other materials tested in this study. In vitro photothermal heating of either Au-Cu2-xSe nanocrystals or multi-branched Au nanocrystals in the presence of human cervical cancer cells caused effective cell ablation after 10 min laser irradiation at 1.34 W/cm2. Cell viability assays demonstrate that the two classes of nanocrystals are biocompatible at doses needed for photothermal therapy. Although the photothermal transduction efficiency of the multibranched Au NCs was higher than the other materials, they proved somewhat less effective for photothermal ablation of cells. We attribute this to decreased uptake of these relatively large nanostructures compared to the smaller Au-Cu2-xSe NCs. The calibration and analysis above suggest that the Au-Cu2-xSe NCs and the multi-branched Au NCs can serve as promising new photothermal therapy agents.

Gold nanoshelled liquid perfluorocarbon nanocapsules for combined dual modal ultrasound/CT imaging and photothermal therapy of cancer.

PubMed

Ke, Hengte; Yue, Xiuli; Wang, Jinrui; Xing, Sen; Zhang, Qian; Dai, Zhifei; Tian, Jie; Wang, Shumin; Jin, Yushen

2014-03-26

The integration of multimodal contrast-enhanced diagnostic imaging and therapeutic capabilities could utilize imaging guided therapy to plan the treatment strategy based on the diagnostic results and to guide/monitor the therapeutic procedures. Herein, gold nanoshelled perfluorooctylbromide (PFOB) nanocapsules with PEGylation (PGsP NCs) are constructed by oil-in-water emulsion method to form polymeric PFOB nanocapsules, followed by the formation of PEGylated gold nanoshell on the surface. PGsP NCs could not only provide excellent contrast enhancement for dual modal ultrasound and CT imaging in vitro and in vivo, but also serve as efficient photoabsorbers for photothermal ablation of tumors on xenografted nude mouse model. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of gold nanoshell serving as both CT contrast agents and photoabsorbers for photothermal therapy. The novel multifunctional nanomedicine would be of great value to offer more comprehensive diagnostic information to guide more accurate and effective cancer therapy. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Doxorubicin Loaded Chitosan-W18 O49 Hybrid Nanoparticles for Combined Photothermal-Chemotherapy.

PubMed

Yuan, Shanmei; Hua, Jisong; Zhou, Yinyin; Ding, Yin; Hu, Yong

2017-08-01

Combined treatment is more effective than single treatment against most forms of cancer. In this work, doxorubicin loaded chitosan-W 18 O 49 nanoparticles combined with the photothermal therapy and chemotherapy are fabricated through the electrostatic interaction between positively charged chitosan and negatively charged W 18 O 49 nanoparticles. The in vitro and in vivo behaviors of these nanoparticles are examined by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, cytotoxicity, near-infrared fluorescence imaging, and tumor growth inhibition experiment. These nanoparticles have a mean size around 110 nm and show a pH sensitive drug release behavior. After irradiation by the 980 nm laser, these nanoparticles show more pronounced cytotoxicity against HeLa cells than that of free doxorubicin or photothermal therapy alone. The in vivo experiments confirm that their antitumor ability is significantly improved, resulting in superior efficiency in impeding tumor growth and extension of the lifetime of mice. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Dual-stimuli responsive and reversibly activatable theranostic nanoprobe for precision tumor-targeting and fluorescence-guided photothermal therapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Xu; Yang, Cheng-Xiong; Chen, Li-Gong; Yan, Xiu-Ping

2017-05-01

The integrated functions of diagnostics and therapeutics make theranostics great potential for personalized medicine. Stimulus-responsive therapy allows spatial control of therapeutic effect only in the site of interest, and offers promising opportunities for imaging-guided precision therapy. However, the imaging strategies in previous stimulus-responsive therapies are `always on' or irreversible `turn on' modality, resulting in poor signal-to-noise ratios or even `false positive' results. Here we show the design of dual-stimuli-responsive and reversibly activatable nanoprobe for precision tumour-targeting and fluorescence-guided photothermal therapy. We fabricate the nanoprobe from asymmetric cyanine and glycosyl-functionalized gold nanorods (AuNRs) with matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-specific peptide as a linker to achieve MMPs/pH synergistic and pH reversible activation. The unique activation and glycosyl targetibility makes the nanoprobe bright only in tumour sites with negligible background, while AuNRs and asymmetric cyanine give synergistic photothermal effect. This work paves the way to designing efficient nanoprobes for precision theranostics.

Experimental and theoretical studies of light-to-heat conversion and collective heating effects in metal nanoparticle solutions.

PubMed

Richardson, Hugh H; Carlson, Michael T; Tandler, Peter J; Hernandez, Pedro; Govorov, Alexander O

2009-03-01

We perform a set of experiments on photoheating in a water droplet containing gold nanoparticles (NPs). Using photocalorimetric methods, we determine efficiency of light-to-heat conversion (eta) which turns out to be remarkably close to 1, (0.97 < eta < 1.03). Detailed studies reveal a complex character of heat transfer in an optically stimulated droplet. The main mechanism of equilibration is due to convectional flow. Theoretical modeling is performed to describe thermal effects at both nano- and millimeter scales. Theory shows that the collective photoheating is the main mechanism. For a large concentration of NPs and small laser intensity, an averaged temperature increase (at the millimeter scale) is significant (approximately 7 degrees C), whereas on the nanometer scale the temperature increase at the surface of a single NP is small (approximately 0.02 degrees C). In the opposite regime, that is, a small NP concentration and intense laser irradiation, we find an opposite picture: a temperature increase at the millimeter scale is small (0.1 degrees C) but a local, nanoscale temperature has strong local spikes at the surfaces of NPs (approximately 3 degrees C). These studies are crucial for the understanding of photothermal effects in NPs and for their potential and current applications in nano- and biotechnologies.

The influence of surface chemistry and size of nanoscale graphene oxide on photothermal therapy of cancer using ultra-low laser power.

PubMed

Yang, Kai; Wan, Jianmei; Zhang, Shuai; Tian, Bo; Zhang, Youjiu; Liu, Zhuang

2012-03-01

Photothermal therapy as a physical treatment approach to destruct cancer has emerged as an alternative of currently used cancer therapies. Previously we have shown that polyethylene glycol (PEG) functionalized nano-graphene oxide (nGO-PEG) with strong optical absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region was a powerful photothermal agent for in vivo cancer treatment. In this work, by using ultra-small reduced graphene oxide (nRGO) with non-covalent PEG coating, we study how sizes and surface chemistry affect the in vivo behaviors of graphene, and remarkably improve the performance of graphene-based in vivo photothermal cancer treatment. Owing to the enhanced NIR absorbance and highly efficient tumor passive targeting of nRGO-PEG, excellent in vivo treatment efficacy with 100% of tumor elimination is observed after intravenous injection of nRGO-PEG and the followed 808 nm laser irradiation, the power density (0.15 W/cm(2), 5 min) of which is an order of magnitude lower than that usually applied for in vivo tumor ablation using many other nanomaterials. All mice after treatment survive over a period of 100 days without a single death or any obvious sign of side effect. Our results highlight that both surface chemistry and sizes are critical to the in vivo performance of graphene, and show the promise of using optimized nano-graphene for ultra-effective photothermal treatment, which may potentially be combined with other therapeutic approaches to assist our fight against cancer. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Boosted Hyperthermia Therapy by Combined AC Magnetic and Photothermal Exposures in Ag/Fe3O4 Nanoflowers.

PubMed

Das, R; Rinaldi-Montes, N; Alonso, J; Amghouz, Z; Garaio, E; García, J A; Gorria, P; Blanco, J A; Phan, M H; Srikanth, H

2016-09-28

Over the past two decades, magnetic hyperthermia and photothermal therapy are becoming very promising supplementary techniques to well-established cancer treatments such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. These techniques have dramatically improved their ability to perform controlled treatments, relying on the procedure of delivering nanoscale objects into targeted tumor tissues, which can release therapeutic killing doses of heat either upon AC magnetic field exposure or laser irradiation. Although an intense research effort has been made in recent years to study, separately, magnetic hyperthermia using iron oxide nanoparticles and photothermal therapy based on gold or silver plasmonic nanostructures, the full potential of combining both techniques has not yet been systematically explored. Here we present a proof-of-principle experiment showing that designing multifunctional silver/magnetite (Ag/Fe3O4) nanoflowers acting as dual hyperthermia agents is an efficient route for enhancing their heating ability or specific absorption rate (SAR). Interestingly, the SAR of the nanoflowers is increased by at least 1 order of magnitude under the application of both an external magnetic field of 200 Oe and simultaneous laser irradiation. Furthermore, our results show that the synergistic exploitation of the magnetic and photothermal properties of the nanoflowers reduces the magnetic field and laser intensities that would be required in the case that both external stimuli were applied separately. This constitutes a key step toward optimizing the hyperthermia therapy through a combined multifunctional magnetic and photothermal treatment and improving our understanding of the therapeutic process to specific applications that will entail coordinated efforts in physics, engineering, biology, and medicine.

Evaluating Dihydroazulene/Vinylheptafulvene Photoswitches for Solar Energy Storage Applications

PubMed Central

Wang, Zhihang; Udmark, Jonas; Börjesson, Karl; Rodrigues, Rita; Roffey, Anna; Abrahamsson, Maria

2017-01-01

Abstract Efficient solar energy storage is a key challenge in striving toward a sustainable future. For this reason, molecules capable of solar energy storage and release through valence isomerization, for so‐called molecular solar thermal energy storage (MOST), have been investigated. Energy storage by photoconversion of the dihydroazulene/vinylheptafulvene (DHA/VHF) photothermal couple has been evaluated. The robust nature of this system is determined through multiple energy storage and release cycles at elevated temperatures in three different solvents. In a nonpolar solvent such as toluene, the DHA/VHF system can be cycled more than 70 times with less than 0.01 % degradation per cycle. Moreover, the [Cu(CH3CN)4]PF6‐catalyzed conversion of VHF into DHA was demonstrated in a flow reactor. The performance of the DHA/VHF couple was also evaluated in prototype photoconversion devices, both in the laboratory by using a flow chip under simulated sunlight and under outdoor conditions by using a parabolic mirror. Device experiments demonstrated a solar energy storage efficiency of up to 0.13 % in the chip device and up to 0.02 % in the parabolic collector. Avenues for future improvements and optimization of the system are also discussed. PMID:28644559

Photothermal characterization of encapsulant materials for photovoltaic modules

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Liang, R. H.; Gupta, A.; Distefano, S.

1982-01-01

A photothermal test matrix and a low cost testing apparatus for encapsulant materials of photovoltaic modules were defined. Photothermal studies were conducted to screen and rank existing as well as future encapsulant candidate materials and/or material formulations in terms of their long term physiochemical stability under accelerated photothermal aging conditions. Photothermal characterization of six candidate pottant materials and six candidate outer cover materials were carried out. Principal products of photothermal degradation are identified. Certain critical properties are also monitored as a function of photothermal aging.

Comparing the photothermal effects of gold nanorods and single-walled carbon nanotubes in cancer models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

West, Connor L.; Hasanjee, Aamr M.; Young, Blake; Wolf, Roman; Silk, Kegan; Ingalls, Rianna; Zhou, Feifan; Chen, Wei R.

2017-02-01

Laser Immunotherapy (LIT) is an innovative cancer treatment modality that is specifically targeted towards treating late-stage, metastatic cancer. This treatment modality utilizes laser irradiation in combination with active immune system stimulation to induce a systemic anti-tumor immune response against metastatic cancer. Nanoparticles have recently been utilized to support and increase the photothermal effect of the laser irradiation by absorbing the light energy produced from the laser and converting that energy into thermal energy. In the past, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been the main choice in nanotechnology, however, recent studies have shown that gold nanorods (AuNRs) are a prospective alternative that may produce photothermal effects similar to SWNTs. Due to the precedence of gold biomaterials currently having approval for use in various treatments for humans, AuNRs are regarded to be a safer option than SWNTs. The goal of this study is to precisely compare any differences in photothermal effects between AuNRs and SWNTs. Both types of nanoparticles were irradiated with the same wavelength of near-infrared light to ascertain the photothermal effects in gel phantom tumor models, aqueous solutions, and metastatic cancer cell cultures. We discerned from the results that the AuNRs could be equally or more effective than SWNTs in absorbing the light energy from the laser and converting it into thermal energy. In both solution and gel studies, AuNRs were shown to be more efficient than SWNTs in creating thermal energy, while in cell studies, no definitive differences between AuNRs and SWNTs were observed. The cytotoxicity of both nanoparticles needs further assessment in future studies. Given these results, AuNRs are comparable to SWNTs, even superior in certain aspects. This advances the opportunity to use AuNRs as replacements for SWNTs in LIT treatments. The results from this study will contribute to any subsequent studies in the development of this cancer modality using photothermal therapy enhanced by nanoparticles.

Duality of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy: Amplification of Heating Efficiency by Magnetic Hyperthermia and Photothermal Bimodal Treatment.

PubMed

Espinosa, Ana; Di Corato, Riccardo; Kolosnjaj-Tabi, Jelena; Flaud, Patrice; Pellegrino, Teresa; Wilhelm, Claire

2016-02-23

The pursuit of innovative, multifunctional, more efficient, and safer treatments is a major challenge in preclinical nanoparticle-mediated thermotherapeutic research. Here, we report that iron oxide nanoparticles have the dual capacity to act as both magnetic and photothermal agents. We further explore every key aspect of this magnetophotothermal approach, choosing iron oxide nanocubes for their high efficiency for the magnetic hyperthermia modality itself. In aqueous suspension, the nanocubes' exposure to both: an alternating magnetic field and near-infrared laser irradiation (808 nm), defined as the DUAL-mode, amplifies the heating effect 2- to 5-fold by comparison with magnetic stimulation alone, yielding unprecedented heating powers (specific loss powers) up to 5000 W/g. In cancer cells, the laser excitation restores the optimal efficiency of magnetic hyperthermia, otherwise inhibited by intracellular confinement, resulting in a remarkable heating efficiency in the DUAL-mode (up to 15-fold amplification), with respect to the magnetophotothermal mode. As a consequence, the dual action yielded complete apoptosis-mediated cell death. In solid tumors in vivo, single-mode treatments (magnetic or laser hyperthermia) reduced tumor growth, while DUAL-mode treatment resulted in complete tumor regression, mediated by heat-induced tumoral cell apoptosis and massive denaturation of the collagen fibers, and a long-lasting thermal efficiency over repeated treatments.

A study of photothermal laser ablation of various polymers on microsecond time scales.

PubMed

Kappes, Ralf S; Schönfeld, Friedhelm; Li, Chen; Golriz, Ali A; Nagel, Matthias; Lippert, Thomas; Butt, Hans-Jürgen; Gutmann, Jochen S

2014-01-01

To analyze the photothermal ablation of polymers, we designed a temperature measurement setup based on spectral pyrometry. The setup allows to acquire 2D temperature distributions with 1 μm size and 1 μs time resolution and therefore the determination of the center temperature of a laser heating process. Finite element simulations were used to verify and understand the heat conversion and heat flow in the process. With this setup, the photothermal ablation of polystyrene, poly(α-methylstyrene), a polyimide and a triazene polymer was investigated. The thermal stability, the glass transition temperature Tg and the viscosity above Tg were governing the ablation process. Thermal decomposition for the applied laser pulse of about 10 μs started at temperatures similar to the start of decomposition in thermogravimetry. Furthermore, for polystyrene and poly(α-methylstyrene), both with a Tg in the range between room and decomposition temperature, ablation already occurred at temperatures well below the decomposition temperature, only at 30-40 K above Tg. The mechanism was photomechanical, i.e. a stress due to the thermal expansion of the polymer was responsible for ablation. Low molecular weight polymers showed differences in photomechanical ablation, corresponding to their lower Tg and lower viscosity above the glass transition. However, the difference in ablated volume was only significant at higher temperatures in the temperature regime for thermal decomposition at quasi-equilibrium time scales.

Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Maleic Anhydride-Modified Xylan-g-Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogel with Multifunctional Properties

PubMed Central

Liu, Xinxin; Song, Tao; Chang, Minmin; Meng, Ling; Wang, Xiaohui; Sun, Runcang; Ren, Junli

2018-01-01

Introducing multifunctional groups and inorganic material imparts xylan-based hydrogels with excellent properties, such as responsiveness to pH, temperature, light, and external magnetic field. In this work, a composite hydrogel was synthesized by introducing acid treated carbon nanotubes (AT-CNTs) into the maleic anhydride modified xylan grafted with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (MAX-g-PNIPAM) hydrogels network. It was found that the addition of AT-CNTs affected the MAX-g-PNIPAM hydrogel structure, the swelling ratio and mechanical properties, and imparted the hydrogel with new properties of electrical conductivity and near infrared region (NIR) photothermal conversion. AT-CNTs could reinforce the mechanical properties of MAX-g-PNIPAM hydrogels, being up to 83 kPa for the compressive strength when the amount was 11 wt %, which was eight times than that of PNIPAM hydrogel and four times than that of MAX-g-PNIPAM hydrogel. The electroconductibility was enhanced by the increase of AT-CNTs amounts. Meanwhile, the composite hydrogel also exhibited multiple shape memory and NIR photothermal conversion properties, and water temperature was increased from 26 °C to 56 °C within 8 min under the NIR irradiation. Thus, the AT-CNTs reinforced MAX-g-PNIPAM hydrogel possessed promising multifunctional properties, which offered many potential applications in the fields of biosensors, thermal-arrest technology, and drug-controlled release. PMID:29495611

Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Maleic Anhydride-Modified Xylan-g-Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogel with Multifunctional Properties.

PubMed

Liu, Xinxin; Song, Tao; Chang, Minmin; Meng, Ling; Wang, Xiaohui; Sun, Runcang; Ren, Junli

2018-02-28

Introducing multifunctional groups and inorganic material imparts xylan-based hydrogels with excellent properties, such as responsiveness to pH, temperature, light, and external magnetic field. In this work, a composite hydrogel was synthesized by introducing acid treated carbon nanotubes (AT-CNTs) into the maleic anhydride modified xylan grafted with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (MAX-g-PNIPAM) hydrogels network. It was found that the addition of AT-CNTs affected the MAX-g-PNIPAM hydrogel structure, the swelling ratio and mechanical properties, and imparted the hydrogel with new properties of electrical conductivity and near infrared region (NIR) photothermal conversion. AT-CNTs could reinforce the mechanical properties of MAX-g-PNIPAM hydrogels, being up to 83 kPa for the compressive strength when the amount was 11 wt %, which was eight times than that of PNIPAM hydrogel and four times than that of MAX-g-PNIPAM hydrogel. The electroconductibility was enhanced by the increase of AT-CNTs amounts. Meanwhile, the composite hydrogel also exhibited multiple shape memory and NIR photothermal conversion properties, and water temperature was increased from 26 °C to 56 °C within 8 min under the NIR irradiation. Thus, the AT-CNTs reinforced MAX-g-PNIPAM hydrogel possessed promising multifunctional properties, which offered many potential applications in the fields of biosensors, thermal-arrest technology, and drug-controlled release.

Macrophage membrane-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for enhanced photothermal tumor therapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meng, Qian-Fang; Rao, Lang; Zan, Minghui; Chen, Ming; Yu, Guang-Tao; Wei, Xiaoyun; Wu, Zhuhao; Sun, Yue; Guo, Shi-Shang; Zhao, Xing-Zhong; Wang, Fu-Bing; Liu, Wei

2018-04-01

Nanotechnology possesses the potential to revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. The ideal nanoparticles used for in vivo cancer therapy should have long blood circulation times and active cancer targeting. Additionally, they should be harmless and invisible to the immune system. Here, we developed a biomimetic nanoplatform with the above properties for cancer therapy. Macrophage membranes were reconstructed into vesicles and then coated onto magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs). Inherited from the Fe3O4 core and the macrophage membrane shell, the resulting Fe3O4@MM NPs exhibited good biocompatibility, immune evasion, cancer targeting and light-to-heat conversion capabilities. Due to the favorable in vitro and in vivo properties, biomimetic Fe3O4@MM NPs were further used for highly effective photothermal therapy of breast cancer in nude mice. Surface modification of synthetic nanomaterials with biomimetic cell membranes exemplifies a novel strategy for designing an ideal nanoplatform for translational medicine.

Topological insulator bismuth selenide as a theranostic platform for simultaneous cancer imaging and therapy.

PubMed

Li, Juan; Jiang, Fei; Yang, Bo; Song, Xiao-Rong; Liu, Yan; Yang, Huang-Hao; Cao, Dai-Rong; Shi, Wen-Rong; Chen, Guo-Nan

2013-01-01

Employing theranostic nanoparticles, which combine both therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities in one dose, has promise to propel the biomedical field toward personalized medicine. Here we investigate the theranostic properties of topological insulator bismuth selenide (Bi2Se3) in in vivo and in vitro system for the first time. We show that Bi2Se3 nanoplates can absorb near-infrared (NIR) laser light and effectively convert laser energy into heat. Such photothermal conversion property may be due to the unique physical properties of topological insulators. Furthermore, localized and irreversible photothermal ablation of tumors in the mouse model is successfully achieved by using Bi2Se3 nanoplates and NIR laser irradiation. In addition, we also demonstrate that Bi2Se3 nanoplates exhibit strong X-ray attenuation and can be utilized for enhanced X-ray computed tomography imaging of tumor tissue in vivo. This study highlights Bi2Se3 nanoplates could serve as a promising platform for cancer diagnosis and therapy.

12P-conjugated PEG-modified gold nanorods combined with near-infrared laser for tumor targeting and photothermal therapy.

PubMed

Zhan, Tao; Li, Pengfei; Bi, Shan; Dong, Biao; Song, Hongwei; Ren, Hui; Wang, Liping

2012-09-01

Gold nanorods have been reported as potential tumor photothermal therapy in vivo and in vitro. However, development of the safe and efficient tumor-targeting gold nanorods for in vivo localized tumor therapy is still a challenge. In our present study, we synthesized the PEG modified gold nanorods and demonstrated its negligible cytotoxicity in vitro. These nanorods also have been demonstrated to efficiently ablate the different kinds of tumor cells in vitro after exposure to the near-infrared laser. When the PEG modified gold nanorods conjugated with the 12P (sequence: TACHQHVRMVRP), this conjugate showed great tumor-targeting and hyperthermia effects on the human liver cancer cell line HepG2 in vitro when coupled with the near-infrared laser treatment. To determine the potential hyperthermia effect of PEG modified gold nanorods or 12P conjugate on tumor cells in vivo, the mice hepatic cancer cells were used to induce the subcutaneous tumor-bearing model in ICR mice. The significant inhibition effects of near-infrared laser mediated PEG modified gold nanorods or 12P conjugate on the tumor growth were observed. These composite results suggest that the 12P-conjugated PEG modified gold nanorods exhibit great biocompatible, particular tumor-targeting and effective photothermal ablation of tumor cells, which warrant the potential therapeutic value of this conjugate for further application in in vivo localized tumor therapy.

Comparative study of photothermolysis of cancer cells with nuclear-targeted or cytoplasm-targeted gold nanospheres: continuous wave or pulsed lasers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Xiaohua; Kang, Bin; Qian, Wei; Mackey, Megan A.; Chen, Po C.; Oyelere, Adegboyega K.; El-Sayed, Ivan H.; El-Sayed, Mostafa A.

2010-09-01

We conduct a comparative study on the efficiency and cell death pathways of continuous wave (cw) and nanosecond pulsed laser photothermal cancer therapy using gold nanospheres delivered to either the cytoplasm or nucleus of cancer cells. Cytoplasm localization is achieved using arginine-glycine-aspartate peptide modified gold nanospheres, which target integrin receptors on the cell surface and are subsequently internalized by the cells. Nuclear delivery is achieved by conjugating the gold nanospheres with nuclear localization sequence peptides originating from the simian virus. Photothermal experiments show that cell death can be induced with a single pulse of a nanosecond laser more efficiently than with a cw laser. When the cw laser is applied, gold nanospheres localized in the cytoplasm are more effective in inducing cell destruction than gold nanospheres localized at the nucleus. The opposite effect is observed when the nanosecond pulsed laser is used, suggesting that plasmonic field enhancement of the nonlinear absorption processes occurs at high localization of gold nanospheres at the nucleus. Cell death pathways are further investigated via a standard apoptosis kit to show that the cell death mechanisms depend on the type of laser used. While the cw laser induces cell death via apoptosis, the nanosecond pulsed laser leads to cell necrosis. These studies add mechanistic insight to gold nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy of cancer.

Bio-mimetic Nanostructure Self-assembled from Au@Ag Heterogeneous Nanorods and Phage Fusion Proteins for Targeted Tumor Optical Detection and Photothermal Therapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Fei; Liu, Pei; Sun, Lin; Li, Cuncheng; Petrenko, Valery A.; Liu, Aihua

2014-10-01

Nanomaterials with near-infrared (NIR) absorption have been widely studied in cancer detection and photothermal therapy (PTT), while it remains a great challenge in targeting tumor efficiently with minimal side effects. Herein we report a novel multifunctional phage-mimetic nanostructure, which was prepared by layer-by-layer self-assembly of Au@Ag heterogenous nanorods (NRs) with rhodamine 6G, and specific pVIII fusion proteins. Au@Ag NRs, first being applied for PTT, exhibited excellent stability, cost-effectivity, biocompatibility and tunable NIR absorption. The fusion proteins were isolated from phage DDAGNRQP specifically selected from f8/8 landscape phage library against colorectal cancer cells in a high-throughput way. Considering the definite charge distribution and low molecular weight, phage fusion proteins were assembled on the negatively charged NR core by electrostatic interactions, exposing the N-terminus fused with DDAGNRQP peptide on the surface. The fluorescent images showed that assembled phage fusion proteins can direct the nanostructure into cancer cells. The nanostructure was more efficient than gold nanorods and silver nanotriangle-based photothermal agents and was capable of specifically ablating SW620 cells after 10 min illumination with an 808 nm laser in the light intensity of 4 W/cm2. The prepared nanostructure would become an ideal reagent for simutaneously targeted optical imaging and PTT of tumor.

Gold nanorod reshaping in vitro and in vivo using a continuous wave laser

PubMed Central

Zhou, Yu; Shah, Anant; Ruenraroengsak, Pakatip; Gallina, Maria Elena; Hanna, George B.; Cass, Anthony E. G.; Porter, Alexandra E.; Bamber, Jeffrey; Elson, Daniel S.

2017-01-01

Gold nanorods (GNRs) are increasingly being investigated for cancer theranostics as they possess features which lend themselves in equal measures as contrast agents and catalysts for photothermal therapy. Their optical absorption spectral peak wavelength is determined by their size and shape. Photothermal therapy using GNRs is typically established using near infrared light as this allows sufficient penetration into the tumour matrix. Continuous wave (CW) lasers are the most commonly applied source of near infrared irradiation on GNRs for tumour photothermal therapy. It is perceived that large tumours may require fractionated or prolonged irradiation. However the true efficacy of repeated or protracted CW irradiation on tumour sites using the original sample of GNRs remains unclear. In this study spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy are used to demonstrate that GNRs reshape both in vitro and in vivo after CW irradiation, which reduces their absorption efficiency. These changes were sustained throughout and beyond the initial period of irradiation, resulting from a spectral blue-shift and a considerable diminution in the absorption peak of GNRs. Solid subcutaneous tumours in immunodeficient BALB/c mice were subjected to GNRs and analysed with electron microscopy pre- and post-CW laser irradiation. This phenomenon of thermally induced GNR reshaping can occur at relatively low bulk temperatures, well below the bulk melting point of gold. Photoacoustic monitoring of GNR reshaping is also evaluated as a potential clinical aid to determine GNR absorption and reshaping during photothermal therapy. Aggregation of particles was coincidentally observed following CW irradiation, which would further diminish the subsequent optical absorption capacity of irradiated GNRs. It is thus established that sequential or prolonged applications of CW laser will not confer any additional photothermal effect on tumours due to significant attenuations in the peak optical absorption properties of GNRs following primary laser irradiation. PMID:29045438

Combined photothermal-chemotherapy of breast cancer by near infrared light responsive hyaluronic acid-decorated nanostructured lipid carriers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zheng, Shaohui; Du Nguyen, Van; Song, Seung Yoon; Han, Jiwon; Park, Jong-Oh

2017-10-01

In this study, a novel type of hyaluronic acid (HA)-decorated nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) was prepared and investigated as a light-triggered drug release and combined photothermal-chemotherapy for cancer treatment. Polyhedral gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) with an average size of 10 nm were synthesized and co-encapsulated with doxorubicin (DOX) in the matrix of NLCs with a high drug loading efficiency (above 80%). HA decoration was achieved by the electrostatic interaction between HA and CTAB on the NLC surface. A remarkable temperature increase was observed by exposing the Au NP-loaded NLCs to an NIR laser, which heated the samples sufficiently (above 40 °C) to kill tumor cells. The entrapped DOX exhibited a sustained, stepwise NIR laser-triggered drug release pattern. The biocompatibility of the NLCs was investigated by MTT assay and the cell viability was maintained above 85%, even at high concentrations. The intracellular uptake of free DOX and entrapped DOX, observed by confocal microscopy, revealed two distinct uptake mechanisms, i.e. passive diffusion and endocytosis, respectively. In particular, internalization of the HA-Au-DOX-NLCs was more extensively enhanced than the Au-DOX-NLCs, which was attributed to HA-CD44 receptor-mediated endocytosis. Meanwhile, the internalized NLCs successfully escaped from the lysosomes, increasing the intracellular DOX. The HA-Au-DOX-NLCs IC50 value decreased from 2.3 to 0.6 μg ml-1 with NIR irradiation at 72 h, indicating the excellent synergistic antitumor effect of photothermal-chemotherapy. The photothermal ablation was further confirmed by a live/dead cell staining assay. Thus, a combined photothermal-chemotherapy approach has been proposed as a promising strategy for cancer treatment.

Amplified photoacoustic performance and enhanced photothermal stability of reduced graphene oxide coated gold nanorods for sensitive photoacoustic imaging.

PubMed

Moon, Hyungwon; Kumar, Dinesh; Kim, Haemin; Sim, Changbeom; Chang, Jin-Ho; Kim, Jung-Mu; Kim, Hyuncheol; Lim, Dong-Kwon

2015-03-24

We report a strongly amplified photoacoustic (PA) performance of the new functional hybrid material composed of reduced graphene oxide and gold nanorods. Due to the excellent NIR light absorption properties of the reduced graphene oxide coated gold nanorods (r-GO-AuNRs) and highly efficient heat transfer process through the reduced graphene oxide layer, r-GO-AuNRs exhibit excellent photothermal stability and significantly higher photoacoustic amplitudes than those of bare-AuNRs, nonreduced graphene oxide coated AuNRs (GO-AuNRs), or silica-coated AuNR, as demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo systems. The linear response of PA amplitude from reduced state controlled GO on AuNR indicates the critical role of GO for a strong photothermal effect of r-GO-AuNRs. Theoretical studies with finite-element-method lab-based simulation reveal that a 4 times higher magnitude of the enhanced electromagnetic field around r-GO-AuNRs can be generated compared with bare AuNRs or GO-AuNRs. Furthermore, the r-GO-AuNRs are expected to be a promising deep-tissue imaging probe because of extraordinarily high PA amplitudes in the 4-11 MHz operating frequency of an ultrasound transducer. Therefore, the r-GO-AuNRs can be a useful imaging probe for highly sensitive photoacoustic images and NIR sensitive therapeutics based on a strong photothermal effect.

The advantage of hollow mesoporous carbon as a near-infrared absorbing drug carrier in chemo-photothermal therapy compared with IR-820.

PubMed

Zhao, Qinfu; Wang, Xiudan; Yan, Yue; Wang, Da; Zhang, Ying; Jiang, Tongying; Wang, Siling

2017-03-01

In this study, we synthesized a kind of hollow mesoporous carbon (HMC) as near-infrared (NIR) nanomaterial and made a comparison between HMC and IR-820 commercially available in terms of heat generation properties and thermal stability exposed under NIR laser irradiation. The NIR-induced photothermal tests indicated that HMC had excellent heat generating capacity and remained stable after exposed to NIR laser irradiation for several times. On the contrary, the IR-820 was thermal unstable and degraded completely after exposed to NIR laser irradiation for only one time. The anticancer drug DOX was chosen as a model drug to evaluate the loading capacity and release properties of carboxylated HMC (HMC-COOH). The drug loading efficiency of HMC-COOH could reach to 39.7%. In vitro release results indicated that the release rate of DOX was markedly increased under NIR laser irradiation both in pH5.0 and pH7.4 PBS. Cell viability experiments indicated that HMC-COOH/DOX has a synergistic therapeutic effect by combination of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy. This present research demonstrated that HMC could be employed as NIR-adsorbing agents as well as drug carriers to load lots of drug, realizing the synergistic treatment of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A Flexible Caterpillar-Like Gold Nanoparticle Assemblies with Ultrasmall Nanogaps for Enhanced Dual-Modal Imaging and Photothermal Therapy.

PubMed

Xia, Yuanzhi; Ma, Xuehua; Gao, Junhua; Chen, Guoxin; Li, Zihou; Wu, Xiaoxia; Yu, Zhangsen; Xing, Jie; Sun, Li; Ruan, Huimin; Luo, Lijia; Xiang, Lingchao; Dong, Chen; Ren, Wenzhi; Shen, Zheyu; Wu, Aiguo

2018-05-01

Gold nanoparticle (AuNP) assemblies (GNAs) have attracted attention since enhanced coupling plasmonic resonance (CPR) emerged in the nanogap between coupling AuNPs. For one dimensional GNAs (1D-GNAs), most CPR from the nanogaps could be easily activated by electromagnetic waves and generate drastically enhanced CPR because the nanogaps between coupling AuNPs are linearly distributed in the 1D-GNAs. The reported studies focus on the synthesis of 1D-GNAs and fundamental exploration of CPR. There are still problems which impede further applications in nanomedicine, such as big size (>500 nm), poor water solubility, and/or poor stability. In this study, a kind of 1D flexible caterpillar-like GNAs (CL-GNAs) with ultrasmall nanogaps, good water solubility, and good stability is developed. The CL-GNAs have a flexible structure that can randomly move to change their morphology, which is rarely reported. Numerous ultrasmall nanogaps (<1 nm) are linearly distributed along the structure of CL-GNAs and generate enhanced CPR. The toxicity assessments in vitro and vivo respectively demonstrate that CL-GNAs have a low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility. The CL-GNAs can be used as an efficient photothermal agent for photothermal therapy, a probe for Raman imaging and photothermal imaging. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Protein-Based Multifunctional Nanocarriers for Imaging, Photothermal Therapy, and Anticancer Drug Delivery.

PubMed

Pan, Uday Narayan; Khandelia, Rumi; Sanpui, Pallab; Das, Subhojit; Paul, Anumita; Chattopadhyay, Arun

2017-06-14

We report a simple approach for fabricating plasmonic and magneto-luminescent multifunctional nanocarriers (MFNCs) by assembling gold nanorods, iron oxide nanoparticles, and gold nanoclusters within BSA nanoparticles. The MFNCs showed self-tracking capability through single- and two-photon imaging, and the potential for magnetic targeting in vitro. Appreciable T 2 -relaxivity exhibited by the MFNCs indicated favorable conditions for magnetic resonance imaging. In addition to successful plasmonic-photothermal therapy of cancer cells (HeLa) in vitro, the MFNCs demonstrated efficient loading and delivery of doxorubicin to HeLa cells leading to significant cell death. The present MFNCs with their multimodal imaging and therapeutic capabilities could be eminent candidates for cancer theranostics.

Quantitative photothermal phase imaging of red blood cells using digital holographic photothermal microscope.

PubMed

Vasudevan, Srivathsan; Chen, George C K; Lin, Zhiping; Ng, Beng Koon

2015-05-10

Photothermal microscopy (PTM), a noninvasive pump-probe high-resolution microscopy, has been applied as a bioimaging tool in many biomedical studies. PTM utilizes a conventional phase contrast microscope to obtain highly resolved photothermal images. However, phase information cannot be extracted from these photothermal images, as they are not quantitative. Moreover, the problem of halos inherent in conventional phase contrast microscopy needs to be tackled. Hence, a digital holographic photothermal microscopy technique is proposed as a solution to obtain quantitative phase images. The proposed technique is demonstrated by extracting phase values of red blood cells from their photothermal images. These phase values can potentially be used to determine the temperature distribution of the photothermal images, which is an important study in live cell monitoring applications.

Single-cell photoacoustic thermometry

PubMed Central

Gao, Liang; Wang, Lidai; Li, Chiye; Liu, Yan; Ke, Haixin; Zhang, Chi

2013-01-01

Abstract. A novel photoacoustic thermometric method is presented for simultaneously imaging cells and sensing their temperature. With three-seconds-per-frame imaging speed, a temperature resolution of 0.2°C was achieved in a photo-thermal cell heating experiment. Compared to other approaches, the photoacoustic thermometric method has the advantage of not requiring custom-developed temperature-sensitive biosensors. This feature should facilitate the conversion of single-cell thermometry into a routine lab tool and make it accessible to a much broader biological research community. PMID:23377004

Photoactuators for Direct Optical-to-Mechanical Energy Conversion: From Nanocomponent Assembly to Macroscopic Deformation.

PubMed

Hu, Ying; Li, Zhe; Lan, Tian; Chen, Wei

2016-12-01

Photoactuators with integrated optical-to-mechanical energy conversion capacity have attracted growing research interest in the last few decades due to their unique features of remote control and their wide applications ranging from bionic robots, biomedical devices, and switches to motors. For the photoactuator design, the energy conversion route and structure assembly are two important parts, which directly affect the performance of the photoactuators. In particular, the architectural designs at the molecular, nano-, micro-, and macro- level, are found to play a significant role in accumulating molecular-scale strain/stress to macroscale strain/stress. Here, recent progress on photoactuators based on photochemical and photothermal effects is summarized, followed by a discussion of the important assembly strategies for the amplification of the photoresponsive components at nanoscale to macroscopic scale motions. The application advancement of current photoactuators is also presented. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Simple D-A-D Structural Bisbithiophenyl Diketopyrrolopyrrole (TDPP) as Efficient Bioimaging and Photothermal Agents.

PubMed

Zong, Shan; Wang, Xin; Lin, Wenhai; Liu, Shi; Zhang, Wei

2018-06-20

Design and synthesis of biocompatible and multi-functional photothermal agents is crucial for effective cancer phototherapy. In order to achieve this ambition, simple D-A-D structural bisbithiophenyl diketopyrrolopyrrole (TDPP) was fabricated. In this molecule, the donor, 2-thiophenylboric acid, was conjugated via Suzuki coupling reaction, which could expand the emission wavelength to the red region of the spectrum. TDPP could self-assemble into stable and uniform nanoparticles (TDPP NPs) in the assistant of amphiphilic Pluronic F-127 polymer. Exposing the TDPP NPs (100 µg/mL) aqueous dispersion to 638 nm (0.61 W/cm2) laser irradiation resulted in a temperature elevation of approximately 30 oC within 5 min, which is high enough for inducing the cytotoxicity and tumor inhibition. Because of the bathochromic shift absorption of TDPP NPs in water, TDPP NPs could also act as a contrast agent for near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRF) to visualize the drug distribution in vivo. Coupled with the infrared thermal imaging properties of the photothermal agent, TDPP NPs were proved to be a multifunctional theranostic agent for dual-modal imaging-guided phototherapy.

Photothermal-triggered control of sub-cellular drug accumulation using doxorubicin-loaded single-walled carbon nanotubes for the effective killing of human breast cancer cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oh, Yunok; Jin, Jun-O.; Oh, Junghwan

2017-03-01

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are often the subject of investigation as effective photothermal therapy (PTT) agents owing to their unique strong optical absorption. Doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded SWNTs (SWNTs-DOX) can be used as an efficient therapeutic agent for combined near infrared (NIR) cancer photothermal and chemotherapy. However, SWNTs-DOX-mediated induction of cancer cell death has not been fully investigated, particularly the reaction of DOX inside cancer cells by PTT. In this study, we examined how the SWNTs-DOX promoted effective MDA-MB-231 cell death compared to DOX and PTT alone. We successfully synthesized the SWNTs-DOX. The SWNTs-DOX exhibited a slow DOX release, which was accelerated by NIR irradiation. Furthermore, DOX released from the SWNTs-DOX accumulated inside the cells at high concentration and effectively localized into the MDA-MB-231 cell nucleus. A combination of SWNTs-DOX and PTT promoted an effective MDA-MB-231 cell death by mitochondrial disruption and ROS generation. Thus, SWNTs-DOX can be utilized as an excellent anticancer agent for early breast cancer treatment.

Aptamer-Targeted Plasmonic Photothermal Therapy of Cancer.

PubMed

Kolovskaya, Olga S; Zamay, Tatiana N; Belyanina, Irina V; Karlova, Elena; Garanzha, Irina; Aleksandrovsky, Aleksandr S; Kirichenko, Andrey; Dubynina, Anna V; Sokolov, Alexey E; Zamay, Galina S; Glazyrin, Yury E; Zamay, Sergey; Ivanchenko, Tatiana; Chanchikova, Natalia; Tokarev, Nikolay; Shepelevich, Nikolay; Ozerskaya, Anastasia; Badrin, Evgeniy; Belugin, Kirill; Belkin, Simon; Zabluda, Vladimir; Gargaun, Ana; Berezovski, Maxim V; Kichkailo, Anna S

2017-12-15

Novel nanoscale bioconjugates combining unique plasmonic photothermal properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with targeted delivery using cell-specific DNA aptamers have a tremendous potential for medical diagnostics and therapy of many cell-based diseases. In this study, we demonstrate the high anti-cancer activity of aptamer-conjugated, 37-nm spherical gold nanoparticles toward Ehrlich carcinoma in tumor-bearing mice after photothermal treatment. The synthetic anti-tumor aptamers bring the nanoparticles precisely to the desired cells and selectively eliminate cancer cells after the subsequent laser treatment. To prove tumor eradication, we used positron emission tomography (PET) utilizing radioactive glucose and computer tomography, followed by histological analysis of cancer tissue. Three injections of aptamer-conjugated AuNPs and 5 min of laser irradiations are enough to make the tumor undetectable by PET. Histological analysis proves PET results and shows lower damage of healthy tissue in addition to a higher treatment efficiency and selectivity of the gold nanoparticles functionalized with aptamers in comparison to control experiments using free unconjugated nanoparticles. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Self-Templated Stepwise Synthesis of Monodispersed Nanoscale Metalated Covalent Organic Polymers for In Vivo Bioimaging and Photothermal Therapy.

PubMed

Shi, Yanshu; Deng, Xiaoran; Bao, Shouxin; Liu, Bei; Liu, Bin; Ma, Ping'an; Cheng, Ziyong; Pang, Maolin; Lin, Jun

2017-09-05

Size- and shape-controlled growth of nanoscale microporous organic polymers (MOPs) is a big challenge scientists are confronted with; meanwhile, rendering these materials for in vivo biomedical applications is still scarce. In this study, a monodispersed nanometalated covalent organic polymer (MCOP, M=Fe, Gd) with sizes around 120 nm was prepared by a self-templated two-step solution-phase synthesis method. The metal ions (Fe 3+ , Gd 3+ ) played important roles in generating a small particle size and in the functionalization of the products during the reaction with p-phenylenediamine (Pa). The resultant Fe-Pa complex was used as a template for the subsequent formation of MCOP following the Schiff base reaction with 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol (Tp). A high tumor suppression efficiency for this Pa-based COP is reported for the first time. This study demonstrates the potential use of MCOP as a photothermal agent for photothermal therapy (PTT) and also provides an alternative route to fabricate nano-sized MCOPs. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Nanotubes-Embedded Indocyanine Green-Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles for Photoacoustic-Imaging-Guided Phototherapy.

PubMed

Wang, Guohao; Zhang, Fan; Tian, Rui; Zhang, Liwen; Fu, Guifeng; Yang, Lily; Zhu, Lei

2016-03-02

Phototherapy is a light-triggered treatment for tumor ablation and growth inhibition via photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT). Despite extensive studies in this area, a major challenge is the lack of selective and effective phototherapy agents that can specifically accumulate in tumors to reach a therapeutic concentration. Although recent attempts have produced photosensitizers complexed with photothermal nanomaterials, the tedious preparation steps and poor tumor efficiency of therapy still hampers the broad utilization of these nanocarriers. Herein, we developed a CD44 targeted photoacoustic (PA) nanophototherapy agent by conjugating Indocyanine Green (ICG) to hyaluronic acid nanoparticles (HANPs) encapsulated with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), resulting in a theranostic nanocomplex of ICG-HANP/SWCNTs (IHANPT). We fully characterized its physical features as well as PA imaging and photothermal and photodynamic therapy properties in vitro and in vivo. Systemic delivery of IHANPT theranostic nanoparticles led to the accumulation of the targeted nanoparticles in tumors in a human cancer xenograft model in nude mice. PA imaging confirmed targeted delivery of the IHANPT nanoparticles into tumors (T/M ratio = 5.19 ± 0.3). The effect of phototherapy was demonstrated by low-power laser irradiation (808 nm, 0.8 W/cm(2)) to induce efficient photodynamic effect from ICG dye. The photothermal effect from the ICG and SWCNTs rapidly raised the tumor temperature to 55.4 ± 1.8 °C. As the result, significant tumor growth inhibition and marked induction of tumor cell death and necrosis were observed in the tumors in the tumors. There were no apparent systemic and local toxic effects found in the mice. The dynamic thermal stability of IHANPT was studied to ensure that PTT does not affect ICG-dependent PDT in phototherapy. Therefore, our results highlight imaging property and therapeutic effect of the novel IHANPT theranostic nanoparticle for CD44 targeted and PA image-guided dual PTT and PDT cancer therapy.

Graphene/elastomer composite-based photo-thermal nanopositioners

PubMed Central

Loomis, James; Fan, Xiaoming; Khosravi, Farhad; Xu, Peng; Fletcher, Micah; Cohn, Robert W.; Panchapakesan, Balaji

2013-01-01

The addition of nanomaterials to polymers can result not only in significant material property improvements, but also assist in creating entirely new composite functionalities. By dispersing graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) within a polydimethylsiloxane matrix, we show that efficient light absorption by GNPs and subsequent energy transduction to the polymeric chains can be used to controllably produce significant amounts of motion through entropic elasticity of the pre-strained composite. Using dual actuators, a two-axis sub-micron resolution stage was developed, and allowed for two-axis photo-thermal positioning (~100 μm per axis) with 120 nm resolution (feedback sensor limitation), and ~5 μm/s actuation speeds. A PID control loop automatically stabilizes the stage against thermal drift, as well as random thermal-induced position fluctuations (up to the bandwidth of the feedback and position sensor). Maximum actuator efficiency values of ~0.03% were measured, approximately 1000 times greater than recently reported for light-driven polymer systems. PMID:23712601

In vitro and in vivo comparative study of the phototherapy anticancer activity of hyaluronic acid-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, and fullerene

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hou, Lin; Yuan, Yujie; Ren, Junxiao; Zhang, Yinling; Wang, Yongchao; Shan, Xiaoning; Liu, Qi; Zhang, Zhenzhong

2017-08-01

In this work, carbon nanomaterials, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT), graphene oxide (GO), and fullerene (C60) were modified by hyaluronic acid (HA) to obtain water-soluble and biocompatible nanomaterials with high tumor-targeting capacity and then the comparative study of these hyaluronic acid-modified carbon nanomaterials was made in vitro and in vivo. The conjugates of hyaluronic acid and carbon nanomaterials, namely, HA-SWNT, HA-GO, HA-C60, were confirmed by UV/Vis spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and a transmission electron microscope (TEM). After HA modification, the sizes of HA-SWNT, HA-GO, and HA-C60 were in a range of 70 to 300 nm, and all the three HA-modified materials were at negative potential, demonstrating that HA modification was in favor of extravasation of carbon materials into a tumor site due to enhanced permeability and retention effect of tumor. Photothermal conversion in vitro test demonstrated excellent photothermal sensitivity of HA-SWNT and HA-GO. But the reactive oxygen yield of HA-C60 was the highest compared with the others under visible light irradiation, which proved the good photodynamic therapy effect of HA-C60. In addition, cytotoxicity experiments exhibited that the inhibitory efficacy of HA-SWNT was the lowest, the second was HA-C60, and the highest was HA-GO, which was consistent with the uptake degree of them. While under the laser irradiation, the cell inhibition of the HA-SWNT was the highest, the second was HA-GO, and the last was HA-C60. In vivo evaluation of the three targeting carbon nanomaterials was consistent with the cytotoxicity assay results. Taken together, the results demonstrated that HA-SWNT and HA-GO were suited for photothermal therapy (PTT) agents for their good photothermal property, while HA-C60 was used as a kind of photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent for its photodynamic effect.

Selective Internal Heat Distribution in Modified Trombe Wall

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Szyszka, Jerzy; Kogut, Janusz; Skrzypczak, Izabela; Kokoszka, Wanda

2017-12-01

At present, the requirements for thermal insulation of the external walls in buildings are being increased. There is a need to reduce energy consumption for heating rooms during the winter season. This may be achieved by increasing the thermal resistance of the outer partitions, using solutions that utilize either recuperation or solar radiation. The most popular systems include either solar collectors, or heat pump links or ground exchangers. Trombe walls (TW) are a very promising passive heating system, which requires little or no effort to operate, and may be very convenient in different climate conditions. A typical TW consists of a masonry wall painted a dark, heat absorbing paint colour and faced with a single or double layer of glass. The principle of operation is based on the photothermal conversion of solar radiation. There are various modifications of TW. They may improve the energy efficiency in relation to the climate conditions in which they operate. The hybrid solutions are also known. The efficiency of walls is related to the use of proper materials. In TW, the compromise should be sought between the thermal resistance and the ability to distribute heat from the absorbed energy of solar radiation. The paper presents an overview of the most commonly used solutions and discusses its own concept dedicated to the climate conditions of Central Europe.

Evaluating Dihydroazulene/Vinylheptafulvene Photoswitches for Solar Energy Storage Applications.

PubMed

Wang, Zhihang; Udmark, Jonas; Börjesson, Karl; Rodrigues, Rita; Roffey, Anna; Abrahamsson, Maria; Nielsen, Mogens Brøndsted; Moth-Poulsen, Kasper

2017-08-10

Efficient solar energy storage is a key challenge in striving toward a sustainable future. For this reason, molecules capable of solar energy storage and release through valence isomerization, for so-called molecular solar thermal energy storage (MOST), have been investigated. Energy storage by photoconversion of the dihydroazulene/vinylheptafulvene (DHA/VHF) photothermal couple has been evaluated. The robust nature of this system is determined through multiple energy storage and release cycles at elevated temperatures in three different solvents. In a nonpolar solvent such as toluene, the DHA/VHF system can be cycled more than 70 times with less than 0.01 % degradation per cycle. Moreover, the [Cu(CH 3 CN) 4 ]PF 6 -catalyzed conversion of VHF into DHA was demonstrated in a flow reactor. The performance of the DHA/VHF couple was also evaluated in prototype photoconversion devices, both in the laboratory by using a flow chip under simulated sunlight and under outdoor conditions by using a parabolic mirror. Device experiments demonstrated a solar energy storage efficiency of up to 0.13 % in the chip device and up to 0.02 % in the parabolic collector. Avenues for future improvements and optimization of the system are also discussed. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Gold Nano Popcorn Attached SWCNT Hybrid Nanomaterial for Targeted Diagnosis and Photothermal Therapy of Human Breast Cancer Cells

PubMed Central

Beqa, Lule; Fan, Zhen; Singh, Anant Kumar; Senapati, Dulal; Ray, Paresh Chandra

2011-01-01

Breast cancer presents greatest challenge in health care in today’s world. The key to ultimately successful treatment of breast cancer disease is an early and accurate diagnosis. Current breast cancer treatments are often associated with severe side effects. Driven by the need, we report the design of novel hybrid nanomaterial using gold nano popcorn-attached single wall carbon nanotube for targeted diagnosis and selective photothermal treatment. Targeted SK-BR-3 human breast cancer cell sensing have been performed in 10 cancer cells/mL level, using surface enhanced Raman scattering of single walls carbon nanotube’s D and G bands. Our data show that S6 aptamer attached hybrid nanomaterial based SERS assay is highly sensitive to targeted human breast cancer SK-BR-3 cell line and it will be able to distinguish it from other non targeted MDA-MB breast cancer cell line and HaCaT normal skin cell line. Our results also show that 10 minutes of photothermal therapy treatment by 1.5 W/cm2 power, 785 nm laser is enough to kill cancer cells very effectively using S6 aptamer attached hybrid nanomaterials. Possible mechanisms for targeted sensing and operating principle for highly efficient photothermal therapy have been discussed. Our experimental results reported here open up a new possibility for using aptamers modified hybrid nanomaterial for reliable diagnosis and targeted therapy of cancer cell lines quickly. PMID:21842867

Gold nano-popcorn attached SWCNT hybrid nanomaterial for targeted diagnosis and photothermal therapy of human breast cancer cells.

PubMed

Beqa, Lule; Fan, Zhen; Singh, Anant Kumar; Senapati, Dulal; Ray, Paresh Chandra

2011-09-01

Breast cancer presents greatest challenge in health care in today's world. The key to ultimately successful treatment of breast cancer disease is an early and accurate diagnosis. Current breast cancer treatments are often associated with severe side effects. Driven by the need, we report the design of novel hybrid nanomaterial using gold nano popcorn-attached single wall carbon nanotube for targeted diagnosis and selective photothermal treatment. Targeted SK-BR-3 human breast cancer cell sensing have been performed in 10 cancer cells/mL level, using surface enhanced Raman scattering of single walls carbon nanotube's D and G bands. Our data show that S6 aptamer attached hybrid nanomaterial based SERS assay is highly sensitive to targeted human breast cancer SK-BR-3 cell line and it will be able to distinguish it from other non targeted MDA-MB breast cancer cell line and HaCaT normal skin cell line. Our results also show that 10 min of photothermal therapy treatment by 1.5 W/cm(2) power, 785 nm laser is enough to kill cancer cells very effectively using S6 aptamer attached hybrid nanomaterials. Possible mechanisms for targeted sensing and operating principle for highly efficient photothermal therapy have been discussed. Our experimental results reported here open up a new possibility for using aptamers modified hybrid nanomaterial for reliable diagnosis and targeted therapy of cancer cell lines quickly.

Photothermal gold nanoparticle mediated stimulation of cardiomyocyte beating (Conference Presentation)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kalies, Stefan; Gentemann, Lara; Coffee, Michelle; Zweigerdt, Robert; Heinemann, Dag; Heisterkamp, Alexander

2017-03-01

Photothermal manipulation of cells via heating of gold nanoparticles has proven to be an efficient tool for molecular delivery into cells via cell perforation with short laser pulses. We investigated a potential extension of this technique for cell stimulation of cardiomyocytes using a 532 nm and 850 ps laser system and a surface concentration of 0.5 μg/cm2 of 200 nm gold nanoparticles. The gold nanoparticles were unspecifically attached to the cardiomyocytes after an incubation period of three hours. The laser irradiation leads to a temperature rise directly at the particles of several hundred degrees K which evokes bubble formation and membrane perforation. We examined the effect of laser based photothermal manipulation at different laser powers, with different calcium concentrations, and for a cardiomyocyte-like cell line (HL1 cells), neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived cardiomyocytes. Fast calcium oscillations in HL1 cells were observed in the presence and absence of extracellular calcium and most pronounced in the area next to the laser spot after irradiation. Within the laser spot, in particular high laser powers led to a single rise in calcium over a time period of several seconds. These results were confirmed in stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. In the presence of normal and high calcium concentrations, the spontaneous contraction frequency increased after laser irradiation in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Consequently, gold nanoparticle mediated photothermal cell manipulation via pulsed lasers may serve as a potential pacemaker-technique in regenerative approaches, next to optogenetics.

Can magneto-plasmonic nanohybrids efficiently combine photothermia with magnetic hyperthermia?

PubMed

Espinosa, Ana; Bugnet, Mathieu; Radtke, Guillaume; Neveu, Sophie; Botton, Gianluigi A; Wilhelm, Claire; Abou-Hassan, Ali

2015-12-07

Multifunctional hybrid-design nanomaterials appear to be a promising route to meet the current therapeutics needs required for efficient cancer treatment. Herein, two efficient heat nano-generators were combined into a multifunctional single nanohybrid (a multi-core iron oxide nanoparticle optimized for magnetic hyperthermia, and a gold branched shell with tunable plasmonic properties in the NIR region, for photothermal therapy) which impressively enhanced heat generation, in suspension or in vivo in tumours, opening up exciting new therapeutic perspectives.

Exploration of Nanoparticle-Mediated Photothermal Effect of TMB-H2O2 Colorimetric System and Its Application in a Visual Quantitative Photothermal Immunoassay.

PubMed

Fu, Guanglei; Sanjay, Sharma T; Zhou, Wan; Brekken, Rolf A; Kirken, Robert A; Li, XiuJun

2018-05-01

The exploration of new physical and chemical properties of materials and their innovative application in different fields are of great importance to advance analytical chemistry, material science, and other important fields. Herein, we, for the first time, discovered the photothermal effect of an iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs)-mediated TMB (3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine)-H 2 O 2 colorimetric system, and applied it toward the development of a new NP-mediated photothermal immunoassay platform for visual quantitative biomolecule detection using a thermometer as the signal reader. Using a sandwich-type proof-of-concept immunoassay, we found that the charge transfer complex of the iron oxide NPs-mediated one-electron oxidation product of TMB (oxidized TMB) exhibited not only color changes, but also a strong near-infrared (NIR) laser-driven photothermal effect. Hence, oxidized TMB was explored as a new sensitive photothermal probe to convert the immunoassay signal into heat through the near-infrared laser-driven photothermal effect, enabling simple photothermal immunoassay using a thermometer. Based on the new iron oxide NPs-mediated TMB-H 2 O 2 photothermal immunoassay platform, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as a model biomarker can be detected at a concentration as low as 1.0 ng·mL -1 in normal human serum. The discovered photothermal effect of the colorimetric system and the developed new photothermal immunoassay platform open up a new horizon for affordable detection of disease biomarkers and have great potential for other important material and biomedical applications of interest.

Highly stable molybdenum dioxide nanoparticles with strong plasmon resonance are promising in photothermal cancer therapy.

PubMed

Liu, Wei; Li, Xinshi; Li, Wentao; Zhang, Qiqi; Bai, Hua; Li, Junfang; Xi, Guangcheng

2018-05-01

Photothermal therapy (PTT) is one of promising cancer therapy with high efficiency and minimal invasiveness. Exploiting of perfect PTT agent is vital to improve the therapy. In this study, a new type of bow tie-like molybdenum dioxide (MoO 2 ) nanoparticles was successfully synthesized. These nanobow-ties had strong localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect from visible to near infrared regions, and exhibited ultrahigh chemical stability. They could not only withstand high temperature heating without oxidation, but also resist the corrosion of strong acid and alkali. Meanwhile, the MoO 2 nanoparticles were highly stable in protein-containing biological medium, though they partly degraded in PBS solution. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments indicated that they exhibited inappreciable toxicity. Under illumination of near infrared laser, they showed excellent PTT effect, as revealed by significant inhibition of cancer cell viability in vitro and efficient destruction in tumor tissue growth in vivo. These MoO 2 nanoparticles possessed highly chemical stability and low toxicity with high PTT efficiency, thus promising them high potential as nanoagent in cancer treatment. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Photothermal therapy of Lewis lung carcinoma in mice using gold nanoshells on carboxylated polystyrene spheres

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Huiyu; Chen, Dong; Tang, Fangqiong; Du, Gangjun; Li, Linlin; Meng, Xianwei; Liang, Wei; Zhang, Yangde; Teng, Xu; Li, Yi

2008-11-01

A new approach towards the design of gold nanoshells on carboxylated polystyrene spheres (GNCPSs) is reported here. Gold nanoshells were self-assembled on the surface of carboxylated polystyrene spheres by a seed growth method. Chitosan (CHI) was used as a functional agent of carboxylated polystyrene spheres for attaching gold seeds. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak of GNCPSs can be tuned, greatly redshifted, over a broad spectral range including the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength region, which provides maximal penetration of light through tissue. Irradiation of GNCPSs at their peak extinction coefficient results in the conversion of light to heat energy that produces a local rise in temperature. Our study revealed that the Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) in mice treated with GNCPSs exposed to a low dose of NIR light (808 nm, 4 W cm-2) induced irreversible tissue damage. The tumor volumes of the treatment group by GNCPSs were significantly lower than those of control groups, with an average inhibition rate over 55% (P<0.005). This study proves that GNCPSs are promising in plasmonic photothermal tumor therapy.

All-optical switching of silicon disk resonator based on photothermal effect in metal-insulator-metal absorber.

PubMed

Shi, Yuechun; Chen, Xi; Lou, Fei; Chen, Yiting; Yan, Min; Wosinski, Lech; Qiu, Min

2014-08-01

Efficient narrowband light absorption by a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure can lead to high-speed light-to-heat conversion at a micro- or nanoscale. Such a MIM structure can serve as a heater for achieving all-optical light control based on the thermo-optical (TO) effect. Here we experimentally fabricated and characterized a novel all-optical switch based on a silicon microdisk integrated with a MIM light absorber. Direct integration of the absorber on top of the microdisk reduces the thermal capacity of the whole device, leading to high-speed TO switching of the microdisk resonance. The measurement result exhibits a rise time of 2.0 μs and a fall time of 2.6 μs with switching power as low as 0.5 mW; the product of switching power and response time is only about 1.3  mW·μs. Since no auxiliary elements are required for the heater, the switch is structurally compact, and its fabrication is rather easy. The device potentially can be deployed for new kinds of all-optical applications.

Organic molecule-based photothermal agents: an expanding photothermal therapy universe.

PubMed

Jung, Hyo Sung; Verwilst, Peter; Sharma, Amit; Shin, Jinwoo; Sessler, Jonathan L; Kim, Jong Seung

2018-04-03

Over the last decade, organic photothermal therapy (PTT) agents have attracted increasing attention as a potential complement for, or alternative to, classical drugs and sensitizers involving inorganic nanomaterials. In this tutorial review, we provide a structured description of the main classes of organic photothermal agents and their characteristics. Representative agents that have been studied in the context of photothermal therapy since 2000 are summarized and recent advances in using PTT agents to address various cancers indications are highlighted.

Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy of materials for energy applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Johnson, Stephen; Day, James; Couch, Brandon; Heller, Brandon; Hart, Blake; Transylvania University Team

A new photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS) setup has been constructed at Transylvania University. This poster will focus on the photothermal behavior of nanomaterials such as quantum dots as well as organic photovoltaic materials. With respect to organic photovoltaic materials, this work aims to understand differences in photothermal behavior between the solution and solid-film phases, where changes in photothermal spectra give insight into changes in electronic structure. A general overview of the PDS capabilities at Transylvania will also be given.

Plasmonic nanoparticle-generated photothermal bubbles and their biomedical applications

PubMed Central

Lapotko, Dmitri

2009-01-01

This article is focused on the optical generation and detection of photothermal vapor bubbles around plasmonic nanoparticles. We report physical properties of such plasmonic nanobubbles and their biomedical applications as cellular probes. Our experimental studies of gold nanoparticle-generated photothermal bubbles demonstrated the selectivity of photothermal bubble generation, amplification of optical scattering and thermal insulation effect, all realized at the nanoscale. The generation and imaging of photothermal bubbles in living cells (leukemia and carcinoma culture and primary cancerous cells), and tissues (atherosclerotic plaque and solid tumor in animal) demonstrated a noninvasive highly sensitive imaging of target cells by small photothermal bubbles and a selective mechanical, nonthermal damage to the individual target cells by bigger photothermal bubbles due to a rapid disruption of cellular membranes. The analysis of the plasmonic nanobubbles suggests them as theranostic probes, which can be tuned and optically guided at cell level from diagnosis to delivery and therapy during one fast process. PMID:19839816

Near-Infrared Chromophore Functionalized Soft Actuator with Ultrafast Photoresponsive Speed and Superior Mechanical Property.

PubMed

Liu, Li; Liu, Mei-Hua; Deng, Lin-Lin; Lin, Bao-Ping; Yang, Hong

2017-08-23

In this Communication, we develop a two-step acyclic diene metathesis in situ polymerization/cross-linking method to synthesize uniaxially aligned main-chain liquid crystal elastomers with chemically bonded near-infrared absorbing four-alkenyl-tailed croconaine-core cross-linkers. Because of the extraordinary photothermal conversion property, such a soft actuator material can raise its local temperature from 18 to 260 °C in 8 s, and lift up burdens 5600 times heavier than its own weight, under 808 nm near-infrared irradiation.

Doping, Ionic Conductivity and Photothermal Stability of Functionalized DNA for Solar Energy Conversion and Electrochromic Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-06-01

and coworkers 1,2,3,4 . They are renewable and biodegradable materials, recovered from waste in food industry (fruits, animal and fish meat waste) and...charges leads to the change of its absorption spectrum, or in other words to a change of its color . However in most cases the electrolyte used is in...electrodes (cf. Fig. 25). CeO2- TiO2 BK7 BK7 SOLID ELECTROLYTE ITO WO3 ITO Fig. 25. Structure of the used electrochromic cell 21 Figure 26

Photothermal cancer therapy using intravenously injected near-infrared-absorbing nanoparticles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

O'Neal, D. P.; Hirsch, Leon R.; Halas, Naomi J.; Payne, J. D.; West, Jennifer L.

2005-04-01

This report focuses on the treatment parameters leading to successful nanoshell-assisted photo-thermal therapy (NAPT). NAPT takes advantage of the strong near infrared (NIR) absorption of gold-silica nanoshells, a new class of nanoparticles with tunable optical absorptivities that are capable of passive extravasation from the abnormal tumor vasculature due to their nanoscale size. Under controlled conditions nanoshells accumulate in tumors with superior efficiency compared to surrounding tissues. For this treatment: (1) tumors were inoculated in immune-competent mice by subcutaneous injection, (2) polyethylene glycol coated nanoshells (~150 nm diameter) with peak optical absorption in the NIR were intravenously injected and allowed to circulate for 6 - 48 hours, and (3) tumors were then extracorporeally illuminated with a collimated diode laser (808 nm, 2-6 W/cm2, 2-4 min). Nanoshell accumulations were quantitatively assessed in tumors and surrounding tissues using neutron activation analysis for gold. In order to assess temperature elevation, laser therapies were monitored in real-time using a mid-infrared thermal sensor. NAPT resulted in complete tumor regression in >90% of the subjects. This simple, non-invasive procedure shows great promise as a technique for selective photo-thermal tumor treatment.

Review of the progress toward achieving heat confinement-the holy grail of photothermal therapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sheng, Wangzhong; He, Sha; Seare, William J.; Almutairi, Adah

2017-08-01

Photothermal therapy (PTT) involves the application of normally benign light wavelengths in combination with efficient photothermal (PT) agents that convert the absorbed light to heat to ablate selected cancers. The major challenge in PTT is the ability to confine heating and thus direct cellular death to precisely where PT agents are located. The dominant strategy in the field has been to create large libraries of PT agents with increased absorption capabilities and to enhance their delivery and accumulation to achieve sufficiently high concentrations in the tissue targets of interest. While the challenge of material confinement is important for achieving "heat and lethality confinement," this review article suggests another key prospective strategy to make this goal a reality. In this approach, equal emphasis is placed on selecting parameters of light exposure, including wavelength, duration, power density, and total power supplied, based on the intrinsic properties and geometry of tissue targets that influence heat dissipation, to truly achieve heat confinement. This review highlights significant milestones researchers have achieved, as well as examples that suggest future research directions, in this promising technique, as it becomes more relevant in clinical cancer therapy and other noncancer applications.

Plasmonic giant quantum dots: Hybrid nanostructures for truly simultaneous optical imaging, photothermal effect and thermometry

DOE PAGES

Karan, Niladri S.; Keller, Aaron M.; Sampat, Siddharth; ...

2015-02-09

Hybrid semiconductor–metal nanoscale constructs are of both fundamental and practical interest. Semiconductor nanocrystals are active emitters of photons when stimulated optically, while the interaction of light with nanosized metal objects results in scattering and ohmic damping due to absorption. In a combined structure, the properties of both components can be realized together. At the same time, metal–semiconductor coupling may intervene to modify absorption and/or emission processes taking place in the semiconductor, resulting in a range of effects from photoluminescence quenching to enhancement. We show here that photostable ‘giant’ quantum dots when placed at the center of an ultrathin gold shellmore » retain their key optical property of bright and blinking-free photoluminescence, while the metal shell imparts efficient photothermal transduction. The latter is despite the highly compact total particle size (40–60 nm “inorganic” diameter and <100 nm hydrodynamic diameter) and the very thin nature of the optically transparent Au shell. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the quantum dot emission to local temperature provides a novel internal thermometer for recording temperature during infrared irradiation-induced photothermal heating.« less

Polydopamine-Functionalized CA-(PCL-ran-PLA) Nanoparticles for Target Delivery of Docetaxel and Chemo-photothermal Therapy of Breast Cancer

PubMed Central

Kong, Na; Deng, Mei; Sun, Xiu-Na; Chen, Yi-Ding; Sui, Xin-Bing

2018-01-01

Current limitations of cancer therapy include the lack of effective strategy for target delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs, and the difficulty of achieving significant efficacy by single treatment. Herein, we reported a synergistic chemo-photothermal strategy based on aptamer (Apt)-polydopamine (pD) functionalized CA-(PCL-ran-PLA) nanoparticles (NPs) for effective delivery of docetaxel (DTX) and enhanced therapeutic effect. The developed DTX-loaded Apt-pD-CA-(PCL-ran-PLA) NPs achieved promising advantages, such as (i) improved drug loading content (LC) and encapsulation efficiency (EE) initiated by star-shaped copolymer CA-(PCL-ran-PLA); (ii) effective target delivery of drugs to tumor sites by incorporating AS1411 aptamers; (iii) significant therapeutic efficacy caused by synergistic chemo-photothermal treatment. In addition, the pD coating strategy with simple procedures could address the contradiction between targeting modification and maintaining formerly excellent bio-properties. Therefore, with excellent bio-properties and simple preparation procedures, the DTX-loaded Apt-pD-CA-(PCL-ran-PLA) NPs effectively increased the local drug concentration in tumor sites, minimized side effects, and significantly eliminated tumors, indicating the promising application of these NPs for cancer therapy. PMID:29527167

Novel Transparent Phosphor Conversion Matrix with High Thermal Conductivity for Next Generation Phosphor-Converted LED-based Solid State Lighting

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bockstaller, Michael

The low thermal conductivity of state-of-the-art polymer encapsulants (k ~ 0.15 Wm-1K-1) limits the efficiency and power density of current phosphor conversion light emitting diodes (pc-LEDs). The technical objective of this project was to demonstrate synthesis and processing schemes for the fabrication of polymer hybrid encapsulants with a thermal conductivity exceeding k = 0.4 Wm-1K-1 for LED applications. The ‘hybrid polymer’ approach encompasses the dispersion of high thermal conductivity particle fillers (zinc oxide, ZnO as well as the alpha-polymorph of alumina, Al2O3) within a polysiloxane matrix (poly(dimethylsiloxane), PDMS as well as poly(phenyl methyl siloxane), PPMS) to increase the thermal conductivitymore » while maintaining optical transparency and photothermal stability at levels consistent with LED applications. To accomplish this goal, a novel synthesis method for the fabrication of nanosized ZnO particles was developed and a novel surface chemistry was established to modify the surface of zinc oxide particle fillers and thus to enable their dispersion in poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) matrix polymers. Molecular dynamics and Mie simulations were used to optimize ligand structure and to enable the concurrent mixing of particles in PDMS/PPMS embedding media while also minimizing the thermal boundary resistance as well as optical scattering of particle fillers. Using this approach the synthesis of PDMS/ZnO hybrid encapsulants exhibiting a thermal conductivity of 0.64 Wm-1K-1 and optical transparency > 0.7 mm-1 was demonstrated. A forming process based on micromolding was developed to demonstrate the forming of particle filled PDMS into film and lens shapes. Photothermal stability testing revealed stability of the materials for approximately 4000 min when exposed to blue light LED (450 nm, 30 W/cm2). One postgraduate and seven graduate students were supported by the project. The research performed within this project led to fifteen publications in peer-reviewed journals and one patent application. The grant stimulated a multi-investigator research collaborations among seven investigators at Carnegie Mellon University to address the challenge of encapsulants in pc-LED applications. The grant also catalyzed the future collaboration between researchers at Carnegie Mellon University and OSRAM Sylvania to address challenges associated with the use if polymers in LED applications.« less

Combined photothermal and photodynamic therapy delivered by PEGylated MoS2 nanosheets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Teng; Wang, Chao; Cui, Wei; Gong, Hua; Liang, Chao; Shi, Xiaoze; Li, Zhiwei; Sun, Baoquan; Liu, Zhuang

2014-09-01

Single- or few-layered transitional metal dichalcogenides, as a new genus of two-dimensional nanomaterials, have attracted tremendous attention in recent years, owing to their various intriguing properties. In this study, chemically exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets are modified with lipoic acid-terminated polyethylene glycol (LA-PEG), obtaining PEGylated MoS2 (MoS2-PEG) with high stability in physiological solutions and no obvious toxicity. Taking advantage of its ultra-high surface area, the obtained MoS2-PEG is able to load a photodynamic agent, chlorin e6 (Ce6), by physical adsorption. In vitro experiments reveal that Ce6 after being loaded on MoS2-PEG shows remarkably increased cellular uptake and thus significantly enhanced photodynamic therapeutic efficiency. Utilizing the strong, near-infrared (NIR) absorbance of the MoS2 nanosheets, we further demonstrate photothermally enhanced photodynamic therapy using Ce6-loaded MoS2-PEG for synergistic cancer killing, in both in vitro cellular and in vivo animal experiments. Our study presents a new type of multifunctional nanocarrier for the delivery of photodynamic therapy, which, if combined with photothermal therapy, appears to be an effective therapeutic approach for cancer treatment.Single- or few-layered transitional metal dichalcogenides, as a new genus of two-dimensional nanomaterials, have attracted tremendous attention in recent years, owing to their various intriguing properties. In this study, chemically exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets are modified with lipoic acid-terminated polyethylene glycol (LA-PEG), obtaining PEGylated MoS2 (MoS2-PEG) with high stability in physiological solutions and no obvious toxicity. Taking advantage of its ultra-high surface area, the obtained MoS2-PEG is able to load a photodynamic agent, chlorin e6 (Ce6), by physical adsorption. In vitro experiments reveal that Ce6 after being loaded on MoS2-PEG shows remarkably increased cellular uptake and thus significantly enhanced photodynamic therapeutic efficiency. Utilizing the strong, near-infrared (NIR) absorbance of the MoS2 nanosheets, we further demonstrate photothermally enhanced photodynamic therapy using Ce6-loaded MoS2-PEG for synergistic cancer killing, in both in vitro cellular and in vivo animal experiments. Our study presents a new type of multifunctional nanocarrier for the delivery of photodynamic therapy, which, if combined with photothermal therapy, appears to be an effective therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c4nr03753g

Mapping photothermally induced gene expression in living cells and tissues by nanorod-locked nucleic acid complexes.

PubMed

Riahi, Reza; Wang, Shue; Long, Min; Li, Na; Chiou, Pei-Yu; Zhang, Donna D; Wong, Pak Kin

2014-04-22

The photothermal effect of plasmonic nanostructures has numerous applications, such as cancer therapy, photonic gene circuit, large cargo delivery, and nanostructure-enhanced laser tweezers. The photothermal operation can also induce unwanted physical and biochemical effects, which potentially alter the cell behaviors. However, there is a lack of techniques for characterizing the dynamic cell responses near the site of photothermal operation with high spatiotemporal resolution. In this work, we show that the incorporation of locked nucleic acid probes with gold nanorods allows photothermal manipulation and real-time monitoring of gene expression near the area of irradiation in living cells and animal tissues. The multimodal gold nanorod serves as an endocytic delivery reagent to transport the probes into the cells, a fluorescence quencher and a binding competitor to detect intracellular mRNA, and a plasmonic photothermal transducer to induce cell ablation. We demonstrate the ability of the gold nanorod-locked nucleic acid complex for detecting the spatiotemporal gene expression in viable cells and tissues and inducing photothermal ablation of single cells. Using the gold nanorod-locked nucleic acid complex, we systematically characterize the dynamic cellular heat shock responses near the site of photothermal operation. The gold nanorod-locked nucleic acid complex enables mapping of intracellular gene expressions and analyzes the photothermal effects of nanostructures toward various biomedical applications.

Doxorubicin-loaded magnetic nanoparticle clusters for chemo-photothermal treatment of the prostate cancer cell line PC3

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang, Weibing; Zheng, Xinmin; Shen, Shun

2015-10-16

In addition to the conventional cancer treatment such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgical management, nanomedicine-based approaches have attracted widespread attention in recent years. In this paper, a promising nanocarrier, magnetic nanoparticle clusters (MNCs) as porous materials which provided enough room on the surface, was developed for loading chemotherapeutic agent of doxorubicin (DOX). Moreover, MNCs are a good near-infrared (NIR) photothermal mediator. Thus, MNCs have great potential both in photothermal therapy (PTT) and drug delivery for chemo-photothermal therapy of cancer. We firstly explored the destruction of prostate cancer in vitro by the combination of PTT and chemotherapy using DOX@MNCs. Upon NIR irradiationmore » at 808 nm, more cancer cells were killed when PC3 cells incubated with DOX@MNCs, owing to both MNCs-mediated photothermal ablation and cytotoxicity of light-triggered DOX release. Compared with PTT or chemotherapy alone, the chemo-photothermal therapy by DOX@MNCs showed a synergistically higher therapeutic efficacy. - Highlights: • MNCs have great potential both in photothermal therapy and drug delivery. • DOX@MNCs were used for chemo-photothermal therapy of prostate cancer cells. • DOX@MNCs showed a synergistically higher therapeutic efficacy.« less

Facile fabrication of a near-infrared responsive nanocarrier for spatiotemporally controlled chemo-photothermal synergistic cancer therapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wan, Hao; Zhang, Yi; Liu, Zheyi; Xu, Guiju; Huang, Guang; Ji, Yongsheng; Xiong, Zhichao; Zhang, Quanqing; Dong, Jing; Zhang, Weibing; Zou, Hanfa

2014-07-01

Remote-controlled nanocarriers for drug delivery are of great promise to provide timely, sensitive and spatiotemporally selective treatments for cancer therapy. Due to convenient and precise manipulation, deep penetration through tissues and excellent biocompatibility, near-infrared (NIR) irradiation is a preferred external stimulus for triggering the release of loaded drugs. In this work, for spatiotemporally controlled chemo-photothermal synergistic cancer therapy, a NIR responsive nanocarrier was fabricated using reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (rNGO) decorated with mesoporous silica shell and the subsequent functionalization of the thermoresponsive polymer brushes (pNIPAM-co-pAAm) at the outlet of the silica pore channels. rNGO, which combined with the mesoporous silica shell provide a high loading capacity for anticancer drugs (doxorubicin, DOX), was assigned to sense NIR irradiation for the manipulation of pNIPAM-co-pAAm valve to control the diffusion of loaded DOX. Under NIR irradiation, rNGO would generate heat, which could not only elevate the surrounding temperature over the low critical solution temperature (LCST) of pNIPAM-co-pAAm to open the thermoresponsive polymer valve and promote the diffusion of DOX, but also kill the cancer cells through the hypothermia effect. By manipulating NIR irradiation, the nanocarrier exhibited efficiently controlled release of loaded DOX both in the buffer and in living HeLa cells (the model cancer cells), providing powerful and site-targeted treatments, which can be attributed to synergistic effects of chemo-photothermal therapy. To sum up, this novel nanocarrier is an excellent drug delivery platform in remote-controlled chemo-photothermal synergistic cancer therapy via NIR irradiation.Remote-controlled nanocarriers for drug delivery are of great promise to provide timely, sensitive and spatiotemporally selective treatments for cancer therapy. Due to convenient and precise manipulation, deep penetration through tissues and excellent biocompatibility, near-infrared (NIR) irradiation is a preferred external stimulus for triggering the release of loaded drugs. In this work, for spatiotemporally controlled chemo-photothermal synergistic cancer therapy, a NIR responsive nanocarrier was fabricated using reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (rNGO) decorated with mesoporous silica shell and the subsequent functionalization of the thermoresponsive polymer brushes (pNIPAM-co-pAAm) at the outlet of the silica pore channels. rNGO, which combined with the mesoporous silica shell provide a high loading capacity for anticancer drugs (doxorubicin, DOX), was assigned to sense NIR irradiation for the manipulation of pNIPAM-co-pAAm valve to control the diffusion of loaded DOX. Under NIR irradiation, rNGO would generate heat, which could not only elevate the surrounding temperature over the low critical solution temperature (LCST) of pNIPAM-co-pAAm to open the thermoresponsive polymer valve and promote the diffusion of DOX, but also kill the cancer cells through the hypothermia effect. By manipulating NIR irradiation, the nanocarrier exhibited efficiently controlled release of loaded DOX both in the buffer and in living HeLa cells (the model cancer cells), providing powerful and site-targeted treatments, which can be attributed to synergistic effects of chemo-photothermal therapy. To sum up, this novel nanocarrier is an excellent drug delivery platform in remote-controlled chemo-photothermal synergistic cancer therapy via NIR irradiation. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01044b

Laser speckle imaging based on photothermally driven convection.

PubMed

Regan, Caitlin; Choi, Bernard

2016-02-01

Laser speckle imaging (LSI) is an interferometric technique that provides information about the relative speed of moving scatterers in a sample. Photothermal LSI overcomes limitations in depth resolution faced by conventional LSI by incorporating an excitation pulse to target absorption by hemoglobin within the vascular network. Here we present results from experiments designed to determine the mechanism by which photothermal LSI decreases speckle contrast. We measured the impact of mechanical properties on speckle contrast, as well as the spatiotemporal temperature dynamics and bulk convective motion occurring during photothermal LSI. Our collective data strongly support the hypothesis that photothermal LSI achieves a transient reduction in speckle contrast due to bulk motion associated with thermally driven convection. The ability of photothermal LSI to image structures below a scattering medium may have important preclinical and clinical applications.

Photothermal imaging scanning microscopy

DOEpatents

Chinn, Diane [Pleasanton, CA; Stolz, Christopher J [Lathrop, CA; Wu, Zhouling [Pleasanton, CA; Huber, Robert [Discovery Bay, CA; Weinzapfel, Carolyn [Tracy, CA

2006-07-11

Photothermal Imaging Scanning Microscopy produces a rapid, thermal-based, non-destructive characterization apparatus. Also, a photothermal characterization method of surface and subsurface features includes micron and nanoscale spatial resolution of meter-sized optical materials.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Multi-Drug Chemotherapy and Photothermal Synergistic Therapy with pH and NIR-Stimulation Release.

PubMed

Yang, Ji-Chun; Chen, Yang; Li, Yu-Hao; Yin, Xue-Bo

2017-07-12

The combination of multidrug chemotherapy and photothermal therapy (PTT) enhances cancer therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we develop a simple and smart pH/NIR dual-stimulus-responsive degradable mesoporous CoFe 2 O 4 @PDA@ZIF-8 sandwich nanocomposite. The mesoporous CoFe 2 O 4 core acts as T 2 -weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging probe, PTT agent, and loading platform of hydrophilic doxorubicin (DOX). A polydopamine (PDA) layer is used to avoid the premature leakage of DOX before arriving at tumor site, enhance PTT efficiency, and facilitate the integration of ZIF-8 (a kind of metal-organic framework). The ZIF-8 shell serves to encapsulate hydrophobic camptothecin (CPT) and as the switch for the pH and NIR stimulation-responsive release of the two drugs. Therefore, T 2 -weighted MR imaging-guided multidrug chemotherapy and PTT synergistic treatment is achieved. Two kinds of anticancer drugs, hydrophilic DOX and hydrophobic CPT, are successfully loaded in CoFe 2 O 4 and ZIF-8, respectively, so no mutual interference between the two drugs exists. A unique two-stage stepwise release process is exhibited for CPT and DOX with an interval of 12 h to improve the anticancer efficacy under the acidic microenvironment of tumor tissue. NIR irradiation achieves the burst drug-release and PTT after laser stimulation, simultaneously. With this smart design, high drug concentration is achieved at the tumor site by quick release, especially for the therapeutic drugs that show nonlinear pharmacokinetics, and PTT is integrated efficiently. Furthermore, negligible biotoxicity and a remarkable synergic antitumor effect of the hybrid nanocomposites are validated by HepG2 cells and tumor-bearing mice as models. Our multidrug delivery-releasing composite improves tumor therapeutic efficiency significantly compared with a single-drug chemotherapy system. The simple multifunctional composite system can be applied as an effective platform for personal nanomedicine with diagnosis, smart drug delivery, and cancer treatment through its remarkable photothermal property and controllable multidrug release.

Laser speckle imaging based on photothermally driven convection

PubMed Central

Regan, Caitlin; Choi, Bernard

2016-01-01

Abstract. Laser speckle imaging (LSI) is an interferometric technique that provides information about the relative speed of moving scatterers in a sample. Photothermal LSI overcomes limitations in depth resolution faced by conventional LSI by incorporating an excitation pulse to target absorption by hemoglobin within the vascular network. Here we present results from experiments designed to determine the mechanism by which photothermal LSI decreases speckle contrast. We measured the impact of mechanical properties on speckle contrast, as well as the spatiotemporal temperature dynamics and bulk convective motion occurring during photothermal LSI. Our collective data strongly support the hypothesis that photothermal LSI achieves a transient reduction in speckle contrast due to bulk motion associated with thermally driven convection. The ability of photothermal LSI to image structures below a scattering medium may have important preclinical and clinical applications. PMID:26927221

Graphene oxide-enhanced sol-gel transition sensitivity and drug release performance of an amphiphilic copolymer-based nanocomposite

PubMed Central

Hu, Huawen; Wang, Xiaowen; Lee, Ka I; Ma, Kaikai; Hu, Hong; Xin, John H.

2016-01-01

We report the fabrication of a highly sensitive amphiphilic copolymer-based nanocomposite incorporating with graphene oxide (GO), which exhibited a low-intensity UV light-triggered sol-gel transition. Non-cytotoxicity was observed for the composite gels after the GO incorporation. Of particular interest were the microchannels that were formed spontaneously within the GO-incorporated UV-gel, which expedited sustained drug release. Therefore, the present highly UV-sensitive, non-cytotoxic amphiphilic copolymer-based composites is expected to provide enhanced photothermal therapy and chemotherapy by means of GO’s unique photothermal properties, as well as through efficient passive targeting resulting from the sol-gel transition characteristic of the copolymer-based system with improved sensitivity, which thus promises the enhanced treatment of patients with cancer and other diseases. PMID:27539298

Biomcompatible gold nanorods conjugated with photosensitizers assisted for photostability and photodestructive ability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuo, Wen-Shuo; Chen, Shean-Jen

2012-02-01

Light-exposure-mediated higher temperatures that markedly accelerate the degradation of indocyanine green (ICG) in aqueous solutions by thermal decomposition have been a serious medical problem. In this work, we present the example of using gold nanorods (Au NRs) simultaneously serving as photodynamic and photothermal agents to destroy malignant cells. Au NRs were successfully conjugated with hydrophilic photosensitizer, indocyanine green (ICG), to achieve photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT). We also demonstrated that Au NRs conjugated with ICG displayed high chemical stability and acted as a promising diagnostic probe. Due to its stability even via higher temperatures mediated by laser irradiation, the combination of PDT and PTT proved to be efficiently killing cancer cells as compared to PDT or PTT treatment alone and enhanced the effectiveness of photodestruction and was demonstrated to enhance its photostability.

Prussian blue nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy combined with checkpoint inhibition for photothermal immunotherapy of neuroblastoma.

PubMed

Cano-Mejia, Juliana; Burga, Rachel A; Sweeney, Elizabeth E; Fisher, John P; Bollard, Catherine M; Sandler, Anthony D; Cruz, Conrad Russell Y; Fernandes, Rohan

2017-02-01

We describe "photothermal immunotherapy," which combines Prussian blue nanoparticle (PBNP)-based photothermal therapy (PTT) with anti-CTLA-4 checkpoint inhibition for treating neuroblastoma, a common, hard-to-treat pediatric cancer. PBNPs exhibit pH-dependent stability, which makes them suitable for intratumorally-administered PTT. PBNP-based PTT is able to lower tumor burden and prime an immune response, specifically an increased infiltration of lymphocytes and T cells to the tumor area, which is complemented by the antitumor effects of anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy, providing a more durable treatment against neuroblastoma in an animal model. We observe 55.5% survival in photothermal immunotherapy-treated mice at 100days compared to 12.5%, 0%, 0%, and 0% survival in mice receiving: anti-CTLA-4 alone, PBNPs alone, PTT alone, and no treatment, respectively. Additionally, long-term surviving, photothermal immunotherapy-treated mice exhibit protection against neuroblastoma rechallenge, suggesting the development of immunity against these tumors. Our findings suggest the potential of photothermal immunotherapy in improving treatments for neuroblastoma. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Carbon-Coated Gold Nanorods: A Facile Route to Biocompatible Materials for Photothermal Applications.

PubMed

Kaneti, Yusuf Valentino; Chen, Chuyang; Liu, Minsu; Wang, Xiaochun; Yang, Jia Lin; Taylor, Robert Allen; Jiang, Xuchuan; Yu, Aibing

2015-11-25

Gold nanorods and their core-shell nanocomposites have been widely studied because of their well-defined anisotropy and unique optical properties and applications. This study demonstrates a facile hydrothermal synthesis strategy for generating carbon coating on gold nanorods (AuNRs@C) under mild conditions (<200 °C), where the carbon shell is composed of polymerized sugar molecules (glucose). The structure and composition of the produced core-shell nanocomposites were characterized using advanced microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The functional properties, particularly the photothermal and biocompatibility properties of the produced AuNRs@C, were quantified to assess their potential in photothermal hyperthermia. These AuNRs@C were tested in vitro (under representative treatment conditions) using near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. It was found that the AuNRs produced here exhibit exemplary heat generation capability. Temperature changes of 10.5, 9, and 8 °C for AuNRs@C were observed with carbon shell thicknesses of 10, 17, and 25 nm, respectively, at a concentration of 50 μM, after 600 s of irradiation with a laser power of 0.17 W/cm(2). In addition, the synthesized AuNRs@C also exhibit good biocompatibility toward two soft tissue sarcoma cell lines (HT1080, a fibrosarcoma; and GCT, a fibrous histiocytoma). The cell viability study shows that AuNRs@C (at a concentration of <0.1 mg/mL) core-shell particles induce significantly lower cytotoxicity on both HT1080 and GCT cell lines, as compared with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-capped AuNRs. Furthermore, similar to PEG-modified AuNRs, they are also safe to both HT1080 and GCT cell lines. This biocompatibility results from a surface full of -OH or -COH groups, which are suitable for linking and are nontoxic Therefore, the AuNRs@C represent a viable alternative to PEG-coated AuNRs for facile synthesis and improved photothermal conversion. Overall, these findings open up a new class of carbon-coated nanostructures that are biocompatible and could potentially be employed in a wide range of biomedical applications.

Dual Chemodrug-Loaded Single-Walled Carbon Nanohorns for Multimodal Imaging-Guided Chemo-Photothermal Therapy of Tumors and Lung Metastases

PubMed Central

Yang, Jingxing; Su, Huilan; Sun, Wenshe; Cai, Jiali; Liu, Shiyuan; Chai, Yimin; Zhang, Chunfu

2018-01-01

Tumor combination therapy using nano formulations with multimodal synergistic therapeutic effects shows great potential for complete ablation of tumors. However, targeting tumor metastases with nano structures is a major obstacle for therapy. Therefore, developing a combination therapy system able to target both primary tumors and their metastases at distant sites with synergistic therapy is desirable for the complete eradication of tumors. To this end, a dual chemodrug-loaded theranostic system based on single walled carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) is developed for targeting both primary breast tumors and their lung metastases. Methods: SWNHs were first modified simultaneously with poly (maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) (C18PMH) and methoxypolyethyleneglycol-b-poly-D, L-lactide (mPEG-PLA) via hydrophobic-hydrophobic interactions and π-π stacking. Then cisplatin and doxorubicin (DOX) (2.9:1 molar ratio) were sequentially loaded onto the modified nanohorns in a noninterfering way. After careful examinations of the release profiles of the loaded drugs and the photothermal performance of the dual chemodrug-loaded SWNHs, termed SWNHs/C18PMH/mPEG-PLA-DOX-Pt, the dual drug chemotherapeutic and chemo-photothermal synergetic therapeutic effects on tumor cells were evaluated. Subsequently, the in vivo behavior and tumor accumulation of the drug-loaded SWNHs were studied by photoacoustic imaging (PAI). For chemo-photothermal therapy of tumors, 4T1 tumor bearing mice were intravenously injected with SWNHs/C18PMH/mPEG-PLA-DOX-Pt at a dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. (in SWNHs) and tumors were illuminated by an 808 nm laser (1W/cm2 for 5 min) 24 h post-injection. Results: DOX and cisplatin were loaded onto the modified SWNHs with high efficiency (44 wt% and 66 wt%, respectively) and released in a pH-sensitive, tandem and sustainable manner. The SWNHs/C18PMH/mPEG-PLA-DOX-Pt had a hydrodynamic diameter of 182 ± 3.2 nm, were highly stable in physiological environment, and had both dual drug chemotherapeutic (CI = 0.439) and chemo-photothermal synergistic antitumor effects (CI = 0.396) in vitro. Moreover, the dual drug-loaded SWNHs had a long blood half-life (10.9 h) and could address both the primary breast tumors and their lung metastases after intravenous administration. Consequently, chemo-photothermal combination therapy ablated the primary tumors and simultaneously eradicated the metastatic lung nodules. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that SWNHs/C18PMH/mPEG-PLA-DOX-Pt is highly potent for chemo-photothermal combination therapy of primary tumors and cocktail chemotherapy of their metastases at a distant site. PMID:29556368

Viability estimation of pepper seeds using time-resolved photothermal signal characterization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Ghiseok; Kim, Geon-Hee; Lohumi, Santosh; Kang, Jum-Soon; Cho, Byoung-Kwan

2014-11-01

We used infrared thermal signal measurement system and photothermal signal and image reconstruction techniques for viability estimation of pepper seeds. Photothermal signals from healthy and aged seeds were measured for seven periods (24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 h) using an infrared camera and analyzed by a regression method. The photothermal signals were regressed using a two-term exponential decay curve with two amplitudes and two time variables (lifetime) as regression coefficients. The regression coefficients of the fitted curve showed significant differences for each seed groups, depending on the aging times. In addition, the viability of a single seed was estimated by imaging of its regression coefficient, which was reconstructed from the measured photothermal signals. The time-resolved photothermal characteristics, along with the regression coefficient images, can be used to discriminate the aged or dead pepper seeds from the healthy seeds.

Enhanced thermal stability of silica-coated gold nanorods for photoacoustic imaging and image-guided therapy.

PubMed

Chen, Yun-Sheng; Frey, Wolfgang; Kim, Seungsoo; Homan, Kimberly; Kruizinga, Pieter; Sokolov, Konstantin; Emelianov, Stanislav

2010-04-26

Photothermal stability and, therefore, consistency of both optical absorption and photoacoustic response of the plasmonic nanoabsorbers is critical for successful photoacoustic image-guided photothermal therapy. In this study, silica-coated gold nanorods were developed as a multifunctional molecular imaging and therapeutic agent suitable for image-guided photothermal therapy. The optical properties and photothermal stability of silica-coated gold nanorods under intense irradiation with nanosecond laser pulses were investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Silica-coated gold nanorods showed increased photothermal stability and retained their superior optical properties under much higher fluences. The changes in photoacoustic response of PEGylated and silica-coated nanorods under laser pulses of various fluences were compared. The silica-coated gold nanorods provide a stable photoacoustic signal, which implies better imaging capabilities and make silica-coated gold nanorods a promising imaging and therapeutic nano-agent for photoacoustic imaging and image-guided photothermal therapy.

Enhanced thermal stability of silica-coated gold nanorods for photoacoustic imaging and image-guided therapy

PubMed Central

Chen, Yun-Sheng; Frey, Wolfgang; Kim, Seungsoo; Homan, Kimberly; Kruizinga, Pieter; Sokolov, Konstantin; Emelianov, Stanislav

2010-01-01

Photothermal stability and, therefore, consistency of both optical absorption and photoacoustic response of the plasmonic nanoabsorbers is critical for successful photoacoustic image-guided photothermal therapy. In this study, silica-coated gold nanorods were developed as a multifunctional molecular imaging and therapeutic agent suitable for image-guided photothermal therapy. The optical properties and photothermal stability of silica-coated gold nanorods under intense irradiation with nanosecond laser pulses were investigated by UV-Vis spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Silica-coated gold nanorods showed increased photothermal stability and retained their superior optical properties under much higher fluences. The changes in photoacoustic response of PEGylated and silica-coated nanorods under laser pulses of various fluences were compared. The silica-coated gold nanorods provide a stable photoacoustic signal, which implies better imaging capabilities and make silica-coated gold nanorods a promising imaging and therapeutic nano-agent for photoacoustic imaging and image-guided photothermal therapy. PMID:20588732

Multifunctional hybrid Fe 2O 3-Au nanoparticles for efficient plasmonic heating

DOE PAGES

Murph, Simona E. Hunyadi; Larsen, George K.; Lascola, Robert J.

2016-02-20

We describe the synthesis and properties of multifunctional Fe 2O 3-Au nanoparticles produced by a wet chemical approach and investigate their photothermal properties using laser irradiation. Here, the composite Fe 2O 3-Au nanoparticles retain the properties of both materials, creating a multifunctional structure with excellent magnetic and plasmonic properties.

A histological evaluation and in vivo assessment of intratumoral near infrared photothermal nanotherapy-induced tumor regression.

PubMed

Green, Hadiyah N; Crockett, Stephanie D; Martyshkin, Dmitry V; Singh, Karan P; Grizzle, William E; Rosenthal, Eben L; Mirov, Sergey B

2014-01-01

Nanoparticle (NP)-enabled near infrared (NIR) photothermal therapy has realized limited success in in vivo studies as a potential localized cancer therapy. This is primarily due to a lack of successful methods that can prevent NP uptake by the reticuloendothelial system, especially the liver and kidney, and deliver sufficient quantities of intravenously injected NPs to the tumor site. Histological evaluation of photothermal therapy-induced tumor regression is also neglected in the current literature. This report demonstrates and histologically evaluates the in vivo potential of NIR photothermal therapy by circumventing the challenges of intravenous NP delivery and tumor targeting found in other photothermal therapy studies. Subcutaneous Cal 27 squamous cell carcinoma xenografts received photothermal nanotherapy treatments, radial injections of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-ylated gold nanorods and one NIR 785 nm laser irradiation for 10 minutes at 9.5 W/cm(2). Tumor response was measured for 10-15 days, gross changes in tumor size were evaluated, and the remaining tumors or scar tissues were excised and histologically analyzed. The single treatment of intratumoral nanorod injections followed by a 10 minute NIR laser treatment also known as photothermal nanotherapy, resulted in ~100% tumor regression in ~90% of treated tumors, which was statistically significant in a comparison to the average of all three control groups over time (P<0.01). Photothermal nanotherapy, or intratumoral nanorod injections followed by NIR laser irradiation of tumors and tumor margins, demonstrate the potential of NIR photothermal therapy as a viable localized treatment approach for primary and early stage tumors, and prevents NP uptake by the reticuloendothelial system.

PEGylated PAMAM dendrimer-doxorubicin conjugate-hybridized gold nanorod for combined photothermal-chemotherapy.

PubMed

Li, Xiaojie; Takashima, Munenobu; Yuba, Eiji; Harada, Atsushi; Kono, Kenji

2014-08-01

We prepared pH-sensitive drug-dendrimer conjugate-hybridized gold nanorod as a promising platform for combined cancer photothermal-chemotherapy under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Poly(ethylene glycol)-attached PAMAM G4 dendrimers (PEG-PAMAM) were first covalently linked on the surface of mercaptohexadecanoic acid-functionalized gold nanorod (MHA-AuNR), with subsequent conjugation of anti-cancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) to dendrimer layer using an acid-labile-hydrazone linkage to afford PEG-DOX-PAMAM-AuNR particles. The particles with a high PEG-PAMAM dendrimer coverage density (0.28 per nm(2) AuNR) showed uniform sizes and excellent colloidal stability. In vitro drug release studies demonstrated that DOX released from PEG-DOX-PAMAM-AuNR was negligible under normal physiological pH, but it was enhanced significantly at a weak acidic pH value. The efficient intracellular acid-triggered DOX release inside of lysosomes was confirmed using confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis. Furthermore, the combined photothermal-chemo treatment of cancer cells using PEG-DOX-PAMAM-AuNR for synergistic hyperthermia ablation and chemotherapy was demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo to exhibit higher therapeutic efficacy than either single treatment alone, underscoring the great potential of PEG-DOX-PAMAM-AuNR particles for cancer therapy. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Tailored coating of gold nanostars: rational approach to prototype of theranostic device based on SERS and photothermal effects at ultralow irradiance.

PubMed

Bassi, B; Dacarro, G; Galinetto, P; Giulotto, E; Marchesi, N; Pallavicini, P; Pascale, A; Perversi, S; Taglietti, A

2018-06-08

The last decade has come across an increasing demand for theranostic biocompatible nanodevices possessing the double ability of diagnosis and therapy. In this work, we report the design, synthesis and step-by-step characterization of rationally coated gold nanostars (GNSs) for the SERS imaging and photothermal therapy of HeLa cancer cells. The nanodevices were realized by synthesizing GNSs with a seed growth approach, coating them with a controlled mixture of thiols composed of a Raman reporter and a polyethylene glycol with a terminal amino group, and then reacting these amino groups with folic acid (FA), in order to impart selectivity towards cancer cells which overexpress folate receptors on their membranes. After a complete characterization, we demonstrate that these FA-functionalized GNSs (FA-GNSs) are able to bind selectively to the membranes of HeLa cells, acting as SERS tags and allowing SERS imaging. Moreover, we demonstrate that once bound to HeLa cell membranes, FA-GNSs exhibit photothermal effect which can be exploited to kill the same cells in vitro using laser irradiation in the NIR at a very low and safe irradiance. We thus demonstrate that the FA-GNSs designed following the described approach are an efficient prototype of theranostic nanodevices.

Correlating measured transient temperature rises with damage rate processes in cultured cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Denton, Michael L.; Tijerina, Amanda J.; Gonzalez, Cherry C.; Gamboa, B. Giovana; Noojin, Gary D.; Ahmed, Elharith M.; Rickman, John M.; Dyer, Phillip H.; Rockwell, Benjamin A.

2017-02-01

Thermal damage rate processes in biological tissues are usually characterized by a kinetics approach. This stems from experimental data that show how the transformation of a specified biological property of cells or biomolecule (plating efficiency for viability, change in birefringence, tensile strength, etc.) is dependent upon both time and temperature. Here, two disparate approaches were used to study thermal damage rate processes in cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells. Laser exposure (photothermal) parameters included 2-μm laser exposure of non-pigmented cells and 532-nm exposures of cells possessing a variety of melanosome particle densities. Photothermal experiments used a mid-IR camera to record temperature histories with spatial resolution of about 8 μm, while fluorescence microscopy of the cell monolayers identified threshold damage at the boundary between live and dead cells. Photothermal exposure durations ranged from 0.05-20 s, and the effects of varying ambient temperature were investigated. Temperature during heat transfer using a water-jacketed cuvette was recorded with a fast microthermister, while damage and viability of the suspended cells were determined as percentages. Exposure durations for the heat transfer experiments ranged from 50- 60 s. Empirically-determined kinetic parameters for the two heating methods were compared with each other, and with values found in the literature.

Berberine and zinc oxide-based nanoparticles for the chemo-photothermal therapy of lung adenocarcinoma.

PubMed

Kim, Sungyun; Lee, Song Yi; Cho, Hyun-Jong

2018-05-16

Organic/inorganic hydrid nanoparticles (NPs) composed of berberine (BER) and zinc oxide (ZnO) were developed for the therapy of lung cancers. Without the use of pharmaceutical excipients, NPs were fabricated with only dual anticancer agents (BER and ZnO) by facile blending method. The mean weight ratio between BER and ZnO in BER-ZnO NPs was 39:61 in this study. BER-ZnO NPs dispersed in water exhibited 200-300 nm hydrodynamic size under 5 mg/mL concentration. The exposure of both BER and ZnO in the outer layers of BER-ZnO NPs was identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The amorphization of BER and the maintenance of ZnO structure were observed in the results of X-ray powder diffractometer analysis. Improved antiproliferation efficacy, based on the chemo-photothermal therapeutic efficacy, of BER-ZnO NPs in A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma) cells was presented. According to the blood tests in rats after intravenous administration, BER-ZnO NPs did not induce severe hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity, and hemotoxicity. Developed BER-ZnO NPs can be used efficiently and safely for the chemo-photothermal therapy of lung cancers. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Plasmonic giant quantum dots: hybrid nanostructures for truly simultaneous optical imaging, photothermal effect and thermometry† †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Further information on Au shelling chemistry and imaging of the Au shell by electron microscopy. Figures and Movie. See DOI: 10.1039/c5sc00020c

PubMed Central

Karan, Niladri S.; Keller, Aaron M.; Sampat, Siddharth; Roslyak, Oleksiy; Arefin, Ayesha; Hanson, Christina J.; Casson, Joanna L.; Desireddy, Anil; Ghosh, Yagnaseni; Piryatinski, Andrei; Iyer, Rashi; Htoon, Han; Malko, Anton V.

2015-01-01

Hybrid semiconductor–metal nanoscale constructs are of both fundamental and practical interest. Semiconductor nanocrystals are active emitters of photons when stimulated optically, while the interaction of light with nanosized metal objects results in scattering and ohmic damping due to absorption. In a combined structure, the properties of both components can be realized together. At the same time, metal–semiconductor coupling may intervene to modify absorption and/or emission processes taking place in the semiconductor, resulting in a range of effects from photoluminescence quenching to enhancement. We show here that photostable ‘giant’ quantum dots when placed at the center of an ultrathin gold shell retain their key optical property of bright and blinking-free photoluminescence, while the metal shell imparts efficient photothermal transduction. The latter is despite the highly compact total particle size (40–60 nm “inorganic” diameter and <100 nm hydrodynamic diameter) and the very thin nature of the optically transparent Au shell. Importantly, the sensitivity of the quantum dot emission to local temperature provides a novel internal thermometer for recording temperature during infrared irradiation-induced photothermal heating. PMID:29163879

Enhanced photomechanical response of a Ni-Ti shape memory alloy coated with polymer-based photothermal composites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Perez-Zúñiga, M. G.; Sánchez-Arévalo, F. M.; Hernández-Cordero, J.

2017-10-01

A simple way to enhance the activation of shape memory effects with light in a Ni-Ti alloy is demonstrated. Using polydimethylsiloxane-carbon nanopowder (PDMS+CNP) composites as coatings, the one-way shape memory effect (OWSME) of the alloy can be triggered using low power IR light from a laser diode. The PDMS+CNP coatings serve as photothermal materials capable to absorb light, and subsequently generate and dissipate heat in a highly efficient manner, thereby reducing the optical powers required for triggering the OWSME in the Ni-Ti alloy. Experimental results with a cantilever flexural test using both, bare Ni-Ti and coated samples, show that the PDMS+CNP coatings perform as thermal boosters, and therefore the temperatures required for phase transformation in the alloy can be readily obtained with low laser powers. It is also shown that the two-way shape memory effect (TWSME) can be set in the Ni-Ti alloy through cycling the TWSME by simply modulating the laser diode signal. This provides a simple means for training the material, yielding a light driven actuator capable to provide forces in the mN range. Hence, the use of photothermal coatings on Ni-Ti shape memory alloys may offer new possibilities for developing light-controlled smart actuators.

Tailored coating of gold nanostars: rational approach to prototype of theranostic device based on SERS and photothermal effects at ultralow irradiance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bassi, B.; Dacarro, G.; Galinetto, P.; Giulotto, E.; Marchesi, N.; Pallavicini, P.; Pascale, A.; Perversi, S.; Taglietti, A.

2018-06-01

The last decade has come across an increasing demand for theranostic biocompatible nanodevices possessing the double ability of diagnosis and therapy. In this work, we report the design, synthesis and step-by-step characterization of rationally coated gold nanostars (GNSs) for the SERS imaging and photothermal therapy of HeLa cancer cells. The nanodevices were realized by synthesizing GNSs with a seed growth approach, coating them with a controlled mixture of thiols composed of a Raman reporter and a polyethylene glycol with a terminal amino group, and then reacting these amino groups with folic acid (FA), in order to impart selectivity towards cancer cells which overexpress folate receptors on their membranes. After a complete characterization, we demonstrate that these FA-functionalized GNSs (FA-GNSs) are able to bind selectively to the membranes of HeLa cells, acting as SERS tags and allowing SERS imaging. Moreover, we demonstrate that once bound to HeLa cell membranes, FA-GNSs exhibit photothermal effect which can be exploited to kill the same cells in vitro using laser irradiation in the NIR at a very low and safe irradiance. We thus demonstrate that the FA-GNSs designed following the described approach are an efficient prototype of theranostic nanodevices.

Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Au Nanostructures Using EDTA Tetrasodium Salt and Their Photothermal Therapy Applications

PubMed Central

Jang, Youngjin; Lee, Nohyun; Kim, Jeong Hyun; Piao, Yuanzhe

2018-01-01

Tuning the optical properties of Au nanostructures is of paramount importance for scientific interest and has a wide variety of applications. Since the surface plasmon resonance properties of Au nanostructures can be readily adjusted by changing their shape, many approaches for preparing Au nanostructures with various shapes have been reported to date. However, complicated steps or the addition of several reagents would be required to achieve shape control of Au nanostructures. The present work describes a facile and effective shape-controlled synthesis of Au nanostructures and their photothermal therapy applications. The preparation procedure involved the reaction of HAuCl4 and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tetrasodium salt, which acted as a reducing agent and ligand, at room temperature without the need for any toxic reagent or additives. The morphology control from spheres to branched forms and nanowire networks was easily achieved by varying the EDTA concentration. Detailed investigations revealed that the four carboxylic groups of the EDTA tetrasodium salt are essential for effective growth and stabilization. The produced Au nanowire networks exhibited a broad absorption band in the near-infrared (NIR) region, thereby showing efficient cancer therapeutic performance by inducing the selective photothermal destruction of cancerous glioblastoma cells (U87MG) under NIR irradiation. PMID:29670020

Acidity-triggered charge-convertible nanoparticles that can cause bacterium-specific aggregation in situ to enhance photothermal ablation of focal infection.

PubMed

Korupalli, Chiranjeevi; Huang, Chieh-Cheng; Lin, Wei-Chih; Pan, Wen-Yu; Lin, Po-Yen; Wan, Wei-Lin; Li, Meng-Ju; Chang, Yen; Sung, Hsing-Wen

2017-02-01

Focal infections that are caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria are becoming an ever-growing challenge to human health. To address this challenge, a pH-responsive amphiphilic polymer of polyaniline-conjugated glycol chitosan (PANI-GCS) that can self-assemble into nanoparticles (NPs) in situ is developed. The PANI-GCS NPs undergo a unique surface charge conversion that is induced by their local pH, favoring bacterium-specific aggregation without direct contact with host cells. Following conjugation onto GCS, the optical-absorbance peak of PANI is red-shifted toward the near-infrared (NIR) region, enabling PANI-GCS NPs to generate a substantial amount of heat, which is emitted to their neighborhood. The local temperature of the NIR-irradiated PANI-GCS NPs is estimated to be approximately 5 °C higher than their ambient tissue temperature, ensuring specific and direct heating of their aggregated bacteria; hence, damage to tissue is reduced and wound healing is accelerated. The above results demonstrate that PANI-GCS NPs are practical for use in the photothermal ablation of focal infections. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Multi-stimuli responsive Cu2S nanocrystals as trimodal imaging and synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy agents

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Poulose, Aby Cheruvathoor; Veeranarayanan, Srivani; Mohamed, M. Sheikh; Nagaoka, Yutaka; Romero Aburto, Rebeca; Mitcham, Trevor; Ajayan, Pulickel M.; Bouchard, Richard R.; Sakamoto, Yasushi; Yoshida, Yasuhiko; Maekawa, Toru; Sakthi Kumar, D.

2015-04-01

A size and shape tuned, multifunctional metal chalcogenide, Cu2S-based nanotheranostic agent is developed for trimodal imaging and multimodal therapeutics against brain cancer cells. This theranostic agent was highly efficient in optical, photoacoustic and X-ray contrast imaging systems. The folate targeted NIR-responsive photothermal ablation in synergism with the chemotherapeutic action of doxorubicin proved to be a rapid precision guided cancer-killing module. The multi-stimuli, i.e., pH-, thermo- and photo-responsive drug release behavior of the nanoconjugates opens up a wider corridor for on-demand triggered drug administration. The simple synthesis protocol, combined with the multitudes of interesting features packed into a single nanoformulation, clearly demonstrates the competing role of this Cu2S nanosystem in future cancer treatment strategies.A size and shape tuned, multifunctional metal chalcogenide, Cu2S-based nanotheranostic agent is developed for trimodal imaging and multimodal therapeutics against brain cancer cells. This theranostic agent was highly efficient in optical, photoacoustic and X-ray contrast imaging systems. The folate targeted NIR-responsive photothermal ablation in synergism with the chemotherapeutic action of doxorubicin proved to be a rapid precision guided cancer-killing module. The multi-stimuli, i.e., pH-, thermo- and photo-responsive drug release behavior of the nanoconjugates opens up a wider corridor for on-demand triggered drug administration. The simple synthesis protocol, combined with the multitudes of interesting features packed into a single nanoformulation, clearly demonstrates the competing role of this Cu2S nanosystem in future cancer treatment strategies. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Methodology and additional experimental results. See DOI: 10.1039/c4nr07139e

Fabrication of Photothermal Stable Gold Nanosphere/Mesoporous Silica Hybrid Nanoparticle Responsive to Near-Infrared Light.

PubMed

Cheng, Bei; Xu, Peisheng

2017-01-01

Various gold nanoparticles have been explored in biomedical systems and proven to be promising in photothermal therapy and drug delivery. Among them, nanoshells were regarded as traditionally strong near infrared absorbers that have been widely used to generate photothermal effect for cancer therapy. However, the nanoshell is not photo-thermal stable and thus is not suitable for repeated irradiation. Here, we describe a novel discrete gold nanostructure by mimicking the continuous gold nanoshell-gold/mesoporous silica hybrid nanoparticle (GoMe). It possesses the best characteristics of both conventional gold nanoparticles and mesoporous silica nanoparticles, such as excellent photothermal converting ability as well as high drug loading capacity and triggerable drug release.

Photothermal lesions in soft tissue induced by optical fiber microheaters.

PubMed

Pimentel-Domínguez, Reinher; Moreno-Álvarez, Paola; Hautefeuille, Mathieu; Chavarría, Anahí; Hernández-Cordero, Juan

2016-04-01

Photothermal therapy has shown to be a promising technique for local treatment of tumors. However, the main challenge for this technique is the availability of localized heat sources to minimize thermal damage in the surrounding healthy tissue. In this work, we demonstrate the use of optical fiber microheaters for inducing thermal lesions in soft tissue. The proposed devices incorporate carbon nanotubes or gold nanolayers on the tips of optical fibers for enhanced photothermal effects and heating of ex vivo biological tissues. We report preliminary results of small size photothermal lesions induced on mice liver tissues. The morphology of the resulting lesions shows that optical fiber microheaters may render useful for delivering highly localized heat for photothermal therapy.

A non-contact temperature measurement system for controlling photothermal medical laser treatments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaya, Ã.-zgür; Gülsoy, Murat

2016-03-01

Photothermal medical laser treatments are extremely dependent on the generated tissue temperature. It is necessary to reach a certain temperature threshold to achieve successful results, whereas preventing to exceed an upper temperature value is required to avoid thermal damage. One method to overcome this problem is to use previously conducted dosimetry studies as a reference. Nevertheless, these results are acquired in controlled environments using uniform subjects. In the clinical environment, the optical and thermal characteristics (tissue color, composition and hydration level) vary dramatically among different patients. Therefore, the most reliable solution is to use a closed-loop feedback system that monitors the target tissue temperature to control laser exposure. In this study, we present a compact, non-contact temperature measurement system for the control of photothermal medical laser applications that is cost-efficient and simple to use. The temperature measurement is achieved using a focused, commercially available MOEMS infrared thermocouple sensor embedded in an off-axis arrangement on the laser beam delivery hand probe. The spot size of the temperature sensor is ca. 2.5 mm, reasonably smaller than the laser spot sizes used in photothermal medical laser applications. The temperature readout and laser control is realized using a microcontroller for fast operation. The utilization of the developed system may enable the adaptation of several medical laser treatments that are currently conducted only in controlled laboratory environments into the clinic. Laser tissue welding and cartilage reshaping are two of the techniques that are limited to laboratory research at the moment. This system will also ensure the safety and success of laser treatments aiming hyperthermia, coagulation and ablation, as well as LLLT and PDT.

Dynamic quantitative photothermal monitoring of cell death of individual human red blood cells upon glucose depletion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vasudevan, Srivathsan; Chen, George Chung Kit; Andika, Marta; Agarwal, Shuchi; Chen, Peng; Olivo, Malini

2010-09-01

Red blood cells (RBCs) have been found to undergo ``programmed cell death,'' or eryptosis, and understanding this process can provide more information about apoptosis of nucleated cells. Photothermal (PT) response, a label-free photothermal noninvasive technique, is proposed as a tool to monitor the cell death process of living human RBCs upon glucose depletion. Since the physiological status of the dying cells is highly sensitive to photothermal parameters (e.g., thermal diffusivity, absorption, etc.), we applied linear PT response to continuously monitor the death mechanism of RBC when depleted of glucose. The kinetics of the assay where the cell's PT response transforms from linear to nonlinear regime is reported. In addition, quantitative monitoring was performed by extracting the relevant photothermal parameters from the PT response. Twofold increases in thermal diffusivity and size reduction were found in the linear PT response during cell death. Our results reveal that photothermal parameters change earlier than phosphatidylserine externalization (used for fluorescent studies), allowing us to detect the initial stage of eryptosis in a quantitative manner. Hence, the proposed tool, in addition to detection of eryptosis earlier than fluorescence, could also reveal physiological status of the cells through quantitative photothermal parameter extraction.

NIR laser pointer for in vivo photothermal therapy of murine LM3 tumor using intratumoral China ink as a photothermal agent.

PubMed

Blázquez-Castro, Alfonso; Colombo, Lucas L; Vanzulli, Silvia I; Stockert, Juan C

2018-03-16

The photothermal effect is one of the most promising photonic procedures currently under development to successfully treat several clinical disorders, none the least some kinds of cancer. At present, this field is undergoing a renewed interest due to advances in both photothermal materials and better-suited light sources. However, scientific studies in this area are sometimes hampered by the relative unavailability of state-of-art materials or the complexity of setting up a dedicated optical facility. Here, we present a simple and affordable approach to do research in the photothermal field that relies on a commercial NIR laser pointer and a readily available everyday pigment: China ink. A proof-of-concept study is presented in which mice bearing intradermal LM3 mammary adenocarcinoma tumors were successfully treated in vivo employing China ink and the laser pointer. TUNEL and Ki-67 post-treatment tissue assessment clearly indicates the deleterious action of the photothermal treatment on the tumor. Therefore, the feasibility of this simple approach has been demonstrated, which may inspire other groups to implement simple procedures to further explore the photothermal effect.

Dynamic measurements of flowing cells labeled by gold nanoparticles using full-field photothermal interferometric imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Turko, Nir A.; Roitshtain, Darina; Blum, Omry; Kemper, Björn; Shaked, Natan T.

2017-06-01

We present highly dynamic photothermal interferometric phase microscopy for quantitative, selective contrast imaging of live cells during flow. Gold nanoparticles can be biofunctionalized to bind to specific cells, and stimulated for local temperature increase due to plasmon resonance, causing a rapid change of the optical phase. These phase changes can be recorded by interferometric phase microscopy and analyzed to form an image of the binding sites of the nanoparticles in the cells, gaining molecular specificity. Since the nanoparticle excitation frequency might overlap with the sample dynamics frequencies, photothermal phase imaging was performed on stationary or slowly dynamic samples. Furthermore, the computational analysis of the photothermal signals is time consuming. This makes photothermal imaging unsuitable for applications requiring dynamic imaging or real-time analysis, such as analyzing and sorting cells during fast flow. To overcome these drawbacks, we utilized an external interferometric module and developed new algorithms, based on discrete Fourier transform variants, enabling fast analysis of photothermal signals in highly dynamic live cells. Due to the self-interference module, the cells are imaged with and without excitation in video-rate, effectively increasing signal-to-noise ratio. Our approach holds potential for using photothermal cell imaging and depletion in flow cytometry.

Femtogram-scale photothermal spectroscopy of explosive molecules on nanostrings.

PubMed

Biswas, T S; Miriyala, N; Doolin, C; Liu, X; Thundat, T; Davis, J P

2014-11-18

We demonstrate detection of femtogram-scale quantities of the explosive molecule 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) via combined nanomechanical photothermal spectroscopy and mass desorption. Photothermal spectroscopy provides a spectroscopic fingerprint of the molecule, which is unavailable using mass adsorption/desorption alone. Our measurement, based on thermomechanical measurement of silicon nitride nanostrings, represents the highest mass resolution ever demonstrated via nanomechanical photothermal spectroscopy. This detection scheme is quick, label-free, and is compatible with parallelized molecular analysis of multicomponent targets.

Surface Chemistry Manipulation of Gold Nanorods Displays High Cellular Uptake In Vitro While Preserving Optical Properties for Bio-Imaging and Photo-Thermal Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-28

PROPERTIES FOR BIO -IMAGING AND PHOTO-THERMAL APPLICATIONS ANTHONY B. POLITO III, Maj, USAF, BSC, PhD, MT(ASCP)SBB March 2016 Final Report for March...HIGH CELLULAR UPTAKE IN VITRO WHILE PRESERVING OPTICAL PROPERTIES FOR BIO -IMAGING AND PHOTO-THERMAL APPLICATIONS. 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b...These findings identify MTAB-TA GNRs as prime candidates for use in nano-based bio -imaging and photo-thermal applications. 15. SUBJECT TERMS

Photothermal and photochemical effects of laser light absorption by indocyanine green (ICG)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yaseen, Mohammad A.; Diagaradjane, Parmeswaran; Pikkula, Brian M.; Yu, Jie; Wong, Michael S.; Anvari, Bahman

2005-04-01

Indocyanine Green (ICG) is clinically used as a fluorescent dye for imaging purposes. Its rapid circulation kinetics and minimal toxicity has prompted investigation into ICG's utility as a photosentitizer for therapeutic applications. Traditionally, optically mediated tumor therapy has focused on photodynamic therapy, which employs a photochemical mechanism resulting from the absorption of low intensity CW laser light by localized photosensitizers such as Photofrin II, Benzoporphyrin Derivative (BPD), ICG. Treatment of cutaneous vascular malformations such as port-wine stains, on the other hand, is based on a photothermal mechanism resulting from the absorption of high intensity pulsed laser light by hemoglobin. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of combining photochemical and photothermal mechanisms during application of ICG in conjunction with laser irradiation with the intention that the combined approach may lead to a reduction in the threshold dose of pulsed laser light required to treat hypervascular malformations. The blood vessels in rabbit ears were used as an in vivo model for targeted vasculature. Irradiation of the ears with IR light (λ=785 nm, Δτ = 3 min, Io = 120 mW) was used to elicit photochemical damage, while photothermal damage was brought about using pulses from a ruby laser (λ=694 nm, τ = 3 ms) with different fluences. For the combined modality, photochemical damage was induced first and followed by photothermal irradiation. This modality was compared with photothermal irradiation alone. The effectiveness of each irradiation scheme was assessed using histopathological analysis. We present preliminary data that suggests that pretreatment with photodynamic therapy before photothermal coagulation results in more severe vascular damage with lower photothermal fluence levels. The results of this study provide the foundation work for further exploration of the therapeutic potentials of photochemical and photothermal effects during application of ICG in conjunction with laser irradiation.

Vibrational mid-infrared photothermal spectroscopy using a fiber laser probe: asymptotic limit in signal-to-baseline contrast.

PubMed

Totachawattana, Atcha; Liu, Hui; Mertiri, Alket; Hong, Mi K; Erramilli, Shyamsunder; Sander, Michelle Y

2016-01-01

We report on a mid-infrared photothermal spectroscopy system with a near-infrared fiber probe laser and a tunable quantum cascade pump laser. Photothermal spectra of a 6 μm-thick 4-octyl-4^'-cyanobiphenyl liquid crystal sample are measured with a signal-to-baseline contrast above 10³. As both the peak photothermal signal and the corresponding baseline increase linearly with probe power, the signal-to-baseline contrast converges to an asymptotic limit for a given pump power. This limit is independent of the probe power and characterizes the best contrast achievable for the system. This enables sensitive quantitative spectral characterization of linear infrared absorption features directly from photothermal spectroscopy measurements.

Temperature-feedback upconversion nanocomposite for accurate photothermal therapy at facile temperature

PubMed Central

Zhu, Xingjun; Feng, Wei; Chang, Jian; Tan, Yan-Wen; Li, Jiachang; Chen, Min; Sun, Yun; Li, Fuyou

2016-01-01

Photothermal therapy (PTT) at present, following the temperature definition for conventional thermal therapy, usually keeps the temperature of lesions at 42–45 °C or even higher. Such high temperature kills cancer cells but also increases the damage of normal tissues near lesions through heat conduction and thus brings about more side effects and inhibits therapeutic accuracy. Here we use temperature-feedback upconversion nanoparticle combined with photothermal material for real-time monitoring of microscopic temperature in PTT. We observe that microscopic temperature of photothermal material upon illumination is high enough to kill cancer cells when the temperature of lesions is still low enough to prevent damage to normal tissue. On the basis of the above phenomenon, we further realize high spatial resolution photothermal ablation of labelled tumour with minimal damage to normal tissues in vivo. Our work points to a method for investigating photothermal properties at nanoscale, and for the development of new generation of PTT strategy. PMID:26842674

Temperature-feedback upconversion nanocomposite for accurate photothermal therapy at facile temperature.

PubMed

Zhu, Xingjun; Feng, Wei; Chang, Jian; Tan, Yan-Wen; Li, Jiachang; Chen, Min; Sun, Yun; Li, Fuyou

2016-02-04

Photothermal therapy (PTT) at present, following the temperature definition for conventional thermal therapy, usually keeps the temperature of lesions at 42-45 °C or even higher. Such high temperature kills cancer cells but also increases the damage of normal tissues near lesions through heat conduction and thus brings about more side effects and inhibits therapeutic accuracy. Here we use temperature-feedback upconversion nanoparticle combined with photothermal material for real-time monitoring of microscopic temperature in PTT. We observe that microscopic temperature of photothermal material upon illumination is high enough to kill cancer cells when the temperature of lesions is still low enough to prevent damage to normal tissue. On the basis of the above phenomenon, we further realize high spatial resolution photothermal ablation of labelled tumour with minimal damage to normal tissues in vivo. Our work points to a method for investigating photothermal properties at nanoscale, and for the development of new generation of PTT strategy.

Effect of annealing on the sub-bandgap, defects and trapping states of ZnO nanostructures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wahyuono, Ruri Agung; Hermann-Westendorf, Felix; Dellith, Andrea; Schmidt, Christa; Dellith, Jan; Plentz, Jonathan; Schulz, Martin; Presselt, Martin; Seyring, Martin; Rettenmeyer, Markus; Dietzek, Benjamin

2017-02-01

Annealing treatment was applied to different mesoporous ZnO nanostructures prepared by wet chemical synthesis, i.e. nanoflowers (NFs), spherical aggregates (SPs), and nanorods (NRs). The sub-bandgap, defect properties as well as the trapping state characteristics after annealing were characterized spectroscopically, including ultrasensitive photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS), photoluminescence and photo-electrochemical methods. The comprehensive experimental analysis reveals that annealing alters both the bandgap and the sub-bandgap. The defect concentration and the density of surface traps in the ZnO nanostructures are suppressed upon annealing as deduced from photoluminescence and open-circuit voltage decay analysis. The photo-electrochemical investigations reveal that the surface traps dominate the near conduction band edge of ZnO and, hence, lead to high recombination rates when used in DSSCs. The density of bulk traps in ZnO SPs is higher than that in ZnO NFs and ZnO NRs and promote lower recombination loss between photoinjected electrons with the electrolyte-oxidized species on the surface. The highest power conversion efficiency of ZnO NFs-, ZnO SPs-, and ZnO NRs-based DSSC obtained in our system is 2.0, 4.5, and 1.8%, respectively.

Advanced Photonic Processes for Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Systems.

PubMed

Sygletou, Maria; Petridis, Constantinos; Kymakis, Emmanuel; Stratakis, Emmanuel

2017-10-01

Solar-energy harvesting through photovoltaic (PV) conversion is the most promising technology for long-term renewable energy production. At the same time, significant progress has been made in the development of energy-storage (ES) systems, which are essential components within the cycle of energy generation, transmission, and usage. Toward commercial applications, the enhancement of the performance and competitiveness of PV and ES systems requires the adoption of precise, but simple and low-cost manufacturing solutions, compatible with large-scale and high-throughput production lines. Photonic processes enable cost-efficient, noncontact, highly precise, and selective engineering of materials via photothermal, photochemical, or photophysical routes. Laser-based processes, in particular, provide access to a plethora of processing parameters that can be tuned with a remarkably high degree of precision to enable innovative processing routes that cannot be attained by conventional approaches. The focus here is on the application of advanced light-driven approaches for the fabrication, as well as the synthesis, of materials and components relevant to PV and ES systems. Besides presenting recent advances on recent achievements, the existing limitations are outlined and future possibilities and emerging prospects discussed. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Gold nanorods as a theranostic platform for in vitro and in vivo imaging and photothermal therapy of inflammatory macrophages

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qin, Jinbao; Peng, Zhiyou; Li, Bo; Ye, Kaichuang; Zhang, Yuxin; Yuan, Fukang; Yang, Xinrui; Huang, Lijia; Hu, Junqing; Lu, Xinwu

2015-08-01

Inflammatory macrophages play pivotal roles in the development of atherosclerosis. Theranostics, a promising approach for local imaging and photothermal therapy of inflammatory macrophages, has drawn increasing attention in biomedical research. In this study, gold nanorods (Au NRs) were synthesized, and their in vitro photothermal effects on the macrophage cell line (Ana-1 cells) under 808 nm near infrared reflection (NIR) were investigated by the CCK8 assay, calcein AM/PI staining, flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), silver staining and in vitro micro-computed tomography (CT) imaging. These Au NRs were then applied to an apolipoprotein E knockout (Apo E) mouse model to evaluate their effects on in vivo CT imaging and their effectiveness as for the subsequent photothermal therapy of macrophages in femoral artery restenosis under 808 nm laser irradiation. In vitro photothermal ablation treatment using Au NRs exhibited a significant cell-killing efficacy of macrophages, even at relatively low concentrations of Au NRs and low NIR powers. In addition, the in vivo results demonstrated that the Au NRs are effective for in vivo imaging and photothermal therapy of inflammatory macrophages in femoral artery restenosis. This study shows that Au nanorods are a promising theranostic platform for the diagnosis and photothermal therapy of inflammation-associated diseases.Inflammatory macrophages play pivotal roles in the development of atherosclerosis. Theranostics, a promising approach for local imaging and photothermal therapy of inflammatory macrophages, has drawn increasing attention in biomedical research. In this study, gold nanorods (Au NRs) were synthesized, and their in vitro photothermal effects on the macrophage cell line (Ana-1 cells) under 808 nm near infrared reflection (NIR) were investigated by the CCK8 assay, calcein AM/PI staining, flow cytometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), silver staining and in vitro micro-computed tomography (CT) imaging. These Au NRs were then applied to an apolipoprotein E knockout (Apo E) mouse model to evaluate their effects on in vivo CT imaging and their effectiveness as for the subsequent photothermal therapy of macrophages in femoral artery restenosis under 808 nm laser irradiation. In vitro photothermal ablation treatment using Au NRs exhibited a significant cell-killing efficacy of macrophages, even at relatively low concentrations of Au NRs and low NIR powers. In addition, the in vivo results demonstrated that the Au NRs are effective for in vivo imaging and photothermal therapy of inflammatory macrophages in femoral artery restenosis. This study shows that Au nanorods are a promising theranostic platform for the diagnosis and photothermal therapy of inflammation-associated diseases. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Figures. See DOI: 10.1039/c5nr02521d

Optically pumped coherent mechanical oscillators: the laser rate equation theory and experimental verification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khurgin, J. B.; Pruessner, M. W.; Stievater, T. H.; Rabinovich, W. S.

2012-10-01

We develop a theory describing the operation of an opto-mechanical oscillator as a phonon laser using a set of coupled equations that is analogous to the standard set of laser rate equations. We show that laser-like parameters that characterize gain, stored energy, threshold, efficiency, oscillation frequency linewidth, and saturation power can be introduced for an opto-mechanical oscillator driven by photo-thermal or radiation pressure forces. We then apply the theoretical model to the experimental results for photo-thermally driven oscillations in a Si waveguide opto-mechanical resonator and show good agreement between the theory and experiments. We also consider the microscopic mechanism that transforms the energy of incoherent thermal phonons into coherent oscillations of a single phonon mode and show remarkable parallels with the three-wave parametric interactions in optics and also with opto-electronic oscillators used in microwave photonics.

Near-IR-induced dissociation of thermally-sensitive star polymers.

PubMed

Dai, Yuqiong; Sun, Hao; Pal, Sunirmal; Zhang, Yunlu; Park, Sangwoo; Kabb, Christopher P; Wei, Wei David; Sumerlin, Brent S

2017-03-01

Responsive systems sensitive to near-infrared (NIR) light are promising for triggered release due to efficient deep tissue penetration of NIR irradiation relative to higher energy sources ( e.g. , UV), allowing for spatiotemporal control over triggering events with minimal potential for tissue damage. Herein, we report star polymers containing thermally-labile azo linkages that dissociate during conventional heating or during localized heating via the photothermal effect upon NIR irradiation. Controlled release during conventional heating was investigated for the star polymers loaded with a model dye, with negligible release being observed at 25 °C and >80% release at 90 °C. Star polymers co-loaded with NIR-responsive indocyanine green showed rapid dye release upon NIR irradiation ( λ ≥ 715 nm) due to the photothermally-induced degradation of azo linkages within the cores of the star polymers. This approach provides access to a new class of delivery and release systems that can be triggered by noninvasive external stimulation.

In Situ Biosynthesis of Fluorescent Platinum Nanoclusters: Toward Self-Bioimaging-Guided Cancer Theranostics.

PubMed

Chen, Donghua; Zhao, Chunqiu; Ye, Jing; Li, Qiwei; Liu, Xiaoli; Su, Meina; Jiang, Hui; Amatore, Christian; Selke, Matthias; Wang, Xuemei

2015-08-19

Among the noble-metal clusters, very few reports about platinum clusters were used as bioimaging probes of tumors except as a reducing catalyst. It is first established herein that the biocompatible platinum nanoclusters are spontaneously biosynthesized by cancerous cells (i.e., HepG2 (human hepatocarcinoma), A549 (lung cancer), and others) rather than noncancerous cells (i.e., L02 (human embryo liver cells)) when incubated with micromolar chloroplatinic acid solutions. These in situ biosynthesized platinum nanoclusters could be readily realized in a biological environment and emit a bright fluorescence at 460 nm, which could be further utilized to facilitate an excellent cancer-cell-killing efficiency when combined with porphyrin derivatives for photothermal treatment. This raises the possibility of providing a promising and precise bioimaging strategy for specific fluorescent self-biomarking of tumor locations and realizing fluorescence imaging-guided photothermal therapy of tumors.

Novel monitoring of corneal surface hydration during photorefractive keratectomy using pulsed photothermal radiometry: in-vitro study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kawauchi, Satoko; Matsuyama, Hiroko; Obara, Minoru; Ishihara, Miya; Arai, Tsunenori; Kikuchi, Makoto; Katoh, Masayoshi

1997-05-01

We developed novel monitoring methodology for corneal surface hydration during photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in order to solve undercorrection issue at the central part of cornea (Central island). We employed pulsed photothermal radiometry to monitor corneal surface hydration. We performed two experiments; gelatin gel experiments and porcine cornea experiments in vitro. In the case of the gelatin gel experiments, the e-folding decay time of transient infrared radiation waveform from the ArF laser irradiated surface was prolonged from 420 microsecond(s) to 30 ms with decreasing gelatin density from 15% to 0.15%. These measured e-folding decay times were good agreements with theoretical calculations. Using porcine cornea, we observed the e-folding decay time increase during the series of ArF excimer laser irradiations. Our method may be available to know ablation efficiency change to improve the controllability of refractive correction on the PRK.

Effects of photoacoustic imaging and photothermal ablation therapy mediated by targeted hollow gold nanospheres in an orthotopic mouse xenograft model of glioma

PubMed Central

Lu, Wei; Melancon, Marites P.; Xiong, Chiyi; Huang, Qian; Elliott, Andrew; Song, Shaoli; Zhang, Rui; Flores, Leo G.; Gelovani, Juri G.; Wang, Lihong V.; Ku, Geng; Stafford, R. Jason; Li, Chun

2011-01-01

Advancements in nanotechnology have made it possible to create multifunctional nanostructures that can be used simultaneously to image and treat cancers. For example, hollow gold nanospheres (HAuNS) have been shown to generate intense photoacoustic signals and induce efficient photothermal ablation (PTA) therapy. In this study, we used photoacoustic tomography (PAT), a hybrid imaging modality, to assess the intravenous delivery of HAuNS targeted to integrins that are overexpressed in both glioma and angiogenic blood vessels in a mouse model of glioma. Mice were then treated with near-infrared laser, which elevated tumor temperature by 20.7 °C. We found that PTA treatment significantly prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate the feasibility of using a single nanostructure for image-guided local tumor PTA therapy using photoacoustic molecular imaging. PMID:21856744

LASER APPLICATIONS AND OTHER TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS: Measurement of optical absorption in polycrystalline CVD diamond plates by the phase photothermal method at a wavelength of 10.6 μm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luk'yanov, A. Yu; Ral'chenko, Viktor G.; Khomich, A. V.; Serdtsev, E. V.; Volkov, P. V.; Savel'ev, A. V.; Konov, Vitalii I.

2008-12-01

A highly-efficient phase photothermal method is developed for quantitative measurements of the small optical absorption coefficient in thin plates made of highly transparent materials in which bulk losses significantly exceed surface losses. The bulk absorption coefficient at 10.6 μm is estimated in polycrystalline diamond plates grown from the vapour phase (a CVD diamond). The results are compared with those for natural and synthetic diamond single crystals and with the concentrations of nitrogen and hydrogen impurities. The absorption coefficient of the best samples of the CVD diamond did not exceed 0.06 cm-1, which, taking into account the high thermal conductivity of the CVD diamond (1800-2200 W mK-1 at room temperature), makes this material attractive for fabricating output windows of high-power CO2 lasers, especially for manufacturing large-size optics.

Smart human serum albumin-indocyanine green nanoparticles generated by programmed assembly for dual-modal imaging-guided cancer synergistic phototherapy.

PubMed

Sheng, Zonghai; Hu, Dehong; Zheng, Mingbin; Zhao, Pengfei; Liu, Huilong; Gao, Duyang; Gong, Ping; Gao, Guanhui; Zhang, Pengfei; Ma, Yifan; Cai, Lintao

2014-12-23

Phototherapy, including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), is a light-activated local treatment modality that is under intensive preclinical and clinical investigations for cancer. To enhance the treatment efficiency of phototherapy and reduce the light-associated side effects, it is highly desirable to improve drug accumulation and precision guided phototherapy for efficient conversion of the absorbed light energy to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and local hyperthermia. In the present study, a programmed assembly strategy was developed for the preparation of human serum albumin (HSA)-indocyanine green (ICG) nanoparticles (HSA-ICG NPs) by intermolecular disulfide conjugations. This study indicated that HSA-ICG NPs had a high accumulation with tumor-to-normal tissue ratio of 36.12±5.12 at 24 h and a long-term retention with more than 7 days in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice, where the tumor and its margin, normal tissue were clearly identified via ICG-based in vivo near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence and photoacoustic dual-modal imaging and spectrum-resolved technology. Meanwhile, HSA-ICG NPs efficiently induced ROS and local hyperthermia simultaneously for synergetic PDT/PTT treatments under a single NIR laser irradiation. After an intravenous injection of HSA-ICG NPs followed by imaging-guided precision phototherapy (808 nm, 0.8 W/cm2 for 5 min), the tumor was completely suppressed, no tumor recurrence and treatments-induced toxicity were observed. The results suggest that HSA-ICG NPs generated by programmed assembly as smart theranostic nanoplatforms are highly potential for imaging-guided cancer phototherapy with PDT/PTT synergistic effects.

Photo-thermal quartz tuning fork excitation for dynamic mode atomic force microscope

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bontempi, Alexia; Teyssieux, Damien; Thiery, Laurent

2014-10-13

A photo-thermal excitation of a Quartz Tuning Fork (QTF) for topographic studies is introduced. The non-invasive photo-thermal excitation presents practical advantages compared to QTF mechanical and electrical excitations, including the absence of the anti-resonance and its associated phase rotation. Comparison between our theoretical model and experiments validate that the optical transduction mechanism is a photo-thermal rather than photo-thermoacoustic phenomenon. Topographic maps in the context of near-field microscopy distance control have been achieved to demonstrate the performance of the system.

Cleaning procedure for improved photothermal background of toroidal optical microresonators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Horak, Erik H.; Knapper, Kassandra A.; Heylman, Kevin D.; Goldsmith, Randall H.

2016-09-01

High Q-factors and small mode volumes have made toroidal optical microresonators exquisite sensors to small shifts in the effective refractive index of the WGM modes. Eliminating contaminants and improving quality factors is key for many different sensing techniques, and is particularly important for photothermal imaging as contaminants add photothermal background obscuring objects of interest. Several different cleaning procedures including wet- and dry-chemical procedures are tested for their effect on Q-factors and photothermal background. RCA cleaning was shown to be successful in contrast to previously described acid cleaning procedures, most likely due to the different surface reactivity of the acid reagents used. UV-ozone cleaning was shown to be vastly superior to O2 plasma cleaning procedures, significantly reducing the photothermal background of the resonator.

Microcapsules Containing pH-Responsive, Fluorescent Polymer-Integrated MoS2: An Effective Platform for in Situ pH Sensing and Photothermal Heating.

PubMed

Park, Chan Ho; Lee, Sangmin; Pornnoppadol, Ghasidit; Nam, Yoon Sung; Kim, Shin-Hyun; Kim, Bumjoon J

2018-03-14

We report the design of a novel microcapsule platform for in situ pH sensing and photothermal heating, which involves the encapsulation of pH-responsive polymer-coated molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) nanosheets (NSs) in microcapsules with an aqueous core and a semipermeable polymeric shell. The MoS 2 NSs were functionalized with pH-responsive polymers having fluorescent groups at the distal end to provide pH-sensitive Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) effect. The pH-responsive polymers were carefully designed to produce a dramatic change in the polymer conformation, which translated to a change in the FRET efficiency near pH 7.0 in response to subtle pH changes, enabling the detection of cancer cells. The pH-sensitive MoS 2 NSs were microfluidically encapsulated within semipermeable membranes to yield microcapsules with a uniform size and composition. The microcapsules retained the MoS 2 NSs without leakage while allowing the diffusion of small ions and water through the membrane. At the same time, the membranes excluded adhesive proteins and lipids in the surrounding media, protecting the encapsulated MoS 2 NSs from deactivation and enabling in situ pH monitoring. Moreover, the encapsulated MoS 2 NSs showed high-performance photothermal heating, rendering the dual-functional microcapsules highly suitable for cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Near-infrared light-mediated photodynamic/photothermal therapy nanoplatform by the assembly of Fe3O4 carbon dots with graphitic black phosphorus quantum dots

PubMed Central

Zhang, Ming; Wang, Wentao; Cui, Yingjun; Zhou, Ninglin; Shen, Jian

2018-01-01

Background Recently, combined photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) has become a desired treatment for cancer. However, the development of economic, high-efficiency, and safe photosensitizers/photothermal agents remains a significant challenge. Methods A novel nanocomposite has been developed via the assembly of iron oxide carbon dot (Fe3O4-CDs) nanoparticles and black phosphorus quantum dots (genipin [GP]-polyglutamic acid [PGA]-Fe3O4-CDs@BPQDs), and this nanocomposite shows a broad light-absorption band and a photodegradable character. Results In vitro and in vivo assays indicated that GP-PGA-Fe3O4-CDs@BPQDs were highly biocompatible and exhibited excellent tumor-inhibition efficacy, due to the synergistic PTT and PDT via a near-infrared laser. Importantly, in vivo tumor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results illustrated that GP-PGA-Fe3O4-CDs@BPQDs can be specifically applied for enhanced T2 MRI of tumors. This work presents the first combined application of a PDT and PTT effect deriving from BPQDs and MRI from Fe3O4-CDs, which may promote utilization of black BPQDs in biomedicine. Conclusion As expected, GP-PGA-Fe3O4-CDs@BPQDs displayed a dramatically enhanced ability to destroy tumor cells, due to the synergistic combination of PTT and PDT. PMID:29785107

Fluorescence and Magnetic Resonance Dual-Modality Imaging-Guided Photothermal and Photodynamic Dual-Therapy with Magnetic Porphyrin-Metal Organic Framework Nanocomposites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Hui; Li, Yu-Hao; Chen, Yang; Wang, Man-Man; Wang, Xue-Sheng; Yin, Xue-Bo

2017-03-01

Phototherapy shows some unique advantages in clinical application, such as remote controllability, improved selectivity, and low bio-toxicity, than chemotherapy. In order to improve the safety and therapeutic efficacy, imaging-guided therapy seems particularly important because it integrates visible information to speculate the distribution and metabolism of the probe. Here we prepare biocompatible core-shell nanocomposites for dual-modality imaging-guided photothermal and photodynamic dual-therapy by the in situ growth of porphyrin-metal organic framework (PMOF) on Fe3O4@C core. Fe3O4@C core was used as T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and photothermal therapy (PTT) agent. The optical properties of porphyrin were well remained in PMOF, and PMOF was therefore selected for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and fluorescence imaging. Fluorescence and MR dual-modality imaging-guided PTT and PDT dual-therapy was confirmed with tumour-bearing mice as model. The high tumour accumulation of Fe3O4@C@PMOF and controllable light excitation at the tumour site achieved efficient cancer therapy, but low toxicity was observed to the normal tissues. The results demonstrated that Fe3O4@C@PMOF was a promising dual-imaging guided PTT and PDT dual-therapy platform for tumour diagnosis and treatment with low cytotoxicity and negligible in vivo toxicity.

Nanostructured Indium Oxide Coated Silicon Nanowire Arrays: A Hybrid Photothermal/Photochemical Approach to Solar Fuels.

PubMed

Hoch, Laura B; O'Brien, Paul G; Jelle, Abdinoor; Sandhel, Amit; Perovic, Douglas D; Mims, Charles A; Ozin, Geoffrey A

2016-09-27

The field of solar fuels seeks to harness abundant solar energy by driving useful molecular transformations. Of particular interest is the photodriven conversion of greenhouse gas CO2 into carbon-based fuels and chemical feedstocks, with the ultimate goal of providing a sustainable alternative to traditional fossil fuels. Nonstoichiometric, hydroxylated indium oxide nanoparticles, denoted In2O3-x(OH)y, have been shown to function as active photocatalysts for CO2 reduction to CO via the reverse water gas shift reaction under simulated solar irradiation. However, the relatively wide band gap (2.9 eV) of indium oxide restricts the portion of the solar irradiance that can be utilized to ∼9%, and the elevated reaction temperatures required (150-190 °C) reduce the overall energy efficiency of the process. Herein we report a hybrid catalyst consisting of a vertically aligned silicon nanowire (SiNW) support evenly coated by In2O3-x(OH)y nanoparticles that utilizes the vast majority of the solar irradiance to simultaneously produce both the photogenerated charge carriers and heat required to reduce CO2 to CO at a rate of 22.0 μmol·gcat(-1)·h(-1). Further, improved light harvesting efficiency of the In2O3-x(OH)y/SiNW films due to minimized reflection losses and enhanced light trapping within the SiNW support results in a ∼6-fold increase in photocatalytic conversion rates over identical In2O3-x(OH)y films prepared on roughened glass substrates. The ability of this In2O3-x(OH)y/SiNW hybrid catalyst to perform the dual function of utilizing both light and heat energy provided by the broad-band solar irradiance to drive CO2 reduction reactions represents a general advance that is applicable to a wide range of catalysts in the field of solar fuels.

Near-infrared mediated tumor destruction by photothermal effect of PANI-Np in vivo

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ibarra, L. E.; Yslas, E. I.; Molina, M. A.; Rivarola, C. R.; Romanini, S.; Barbero, C. A.; Rivarola, V. A.; Bertuzzi, M. L.

2013-06-01

Photothermal therapy is a therapy in which photon energy is converted into heat to kill cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of photothermal therapy, toxicity and hepatic and renal function of polyaniline nanoparticles (PANI-Np) in a tumor-bearing mice model. The in vivo efficacy of nanoparticles, following NIR light exposure, was assessed by examining tumor growth over time compared to the untreated control. Signs of drug toxicity and the histopathology and morphology of tumor and tissues, after intratumoral injection treatment, were examined or monitored. Excellent photothermal therapy efficacy is achieved upon intratumoral injection of PANI-Np followed by near-infrared light exposure. These results suggest that PANI-Np could be considered as an effective photothermal agent and pave the way to future cancer therapeutics.

A method for monitoring mass concentration of black carbon particulate matter using photothermal interferometry.

PubMed

Li, Baosheng; Wang, Yicheng; Li, Zhengqiang

2016-03-01

A method for measurements of mass concentration of black carbon particulate matter (PM) is proposed based on photothermal interferometry (PTI). A folded Jamin photothermal interferometer was used with a laser irradiation of particles deposited on a filter paper. The black carbon PM deposited on the filter paper was regarded as a film while the quartz filter paper was regarded as a substrate to establish a mathematical model for measuring the mass concentration of PM using a photothermal method. The photothermal interferometry system was calibrated and used to measure the atmospheric PM concentration corresponding to different dust-treated filter paper. The measurements were compared to those obtained using β ray method and were found consistent. This method can be particularly relevant to polluted atmospheres where PM is dominated by black carbon.

[Development of photothermal microactuator based on spectral analysis of photothermal expansion material].

PubMed

Liu, Chao; Zhang, Dong-Xian; Zhang, Hai-Jun

2009-11-01

The spectral characteristic of materials is the key factor of the photothermal microactuator's performance. The present article introduces the operating principle, and analyzes the relationship between the material spectral characteristic and its expansion. As the photothermal microactuator is an innovative microactuator based on photothermal expansion that absorbs the laser energy and converts it into internal energy to realize the microdrive, the optimal photothermal expansion material with proper absorption spectrum characteristic matching the spectrum of light driving source needs to be found. The reflection and absorption spectra of four types of polymeric material, including PVC, HDPE, LDPE and PET, were obtained by using the single integrating sphere method. The results indicate that the reflection spectrum of the dyed high-density polyethylene (HDPE) is of double-peak structure in visible band, and there is strong absorption within the range of 600-690 nm, which means it would match the light driving source quite well in the broad spectral range. Therefore, HDPE was chosen as the photothermal expansion material. In order to check out the feasibility and performance of the photothermal microactuactor based on HDPE, a prototyping microactuator 1 500 mm in length and 30 mm in thickness was manufactured by using an excimer laser micromachining system. With a laser diode (10 mW/650 nm) as the external power source to activate the microactuator, performance measurement experiments were carried out by using a self-produced video movement measurement system with a CCD-coupled microscope. The experiment results demonstrate that the deflection of the microactuator reaches 18.7 mm at 10 mW of laser power, showing that the characteristics of spectral absorption and light-heat transition are quite well at 650 nm. This novel photothermal microactuator has simple structure, adjustable displacement output, and more mobility, and can be controlled remotely, so it will be quite useful for applications in the fields of micro-optical-electro-mechanical systems (MOEMS).

Combined concurrent nanoshell loaded macrophage-mediated photothermal and photodynamic therapies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hirschberg, Henry; Trinidad, Anthony; Christie, Catherine E.; Peng, Qian; Kwon, Young J.; Madsen, Steen

2015-02-01

Macrophages loaded with gold nanoshells (AuNS), that convert near infrared light to heat, can be used as transport vectors for photothermal hyperthermia of tumors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined macrophage mediated photothermal therapy (PTT) and PDT on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The results provide proof of concept for the use of macrophages as a delivery vector of AuNS for photothermal enhancement of the effects of PDT on squamous cell carcinoma. A significant synergy was demonstrated with combined PDT and PTT compared to each modality applied separately.

Rational Design and Synthesis of γFe2 O3 @Au Magnetic Gold Nanoflowers for Efficient Cancer Theranostics.

PubMed

Huang, Jie; Guo, Miao; Ke, Hengte; Zong, Cheng; Ren, Bin; Liu, Gang; Shen, He; Ma, Yufei; Wang, Xiaoyong; Zhang, Hailu; Deng, Zongwu; Chen, Huabing; Zhang, Zhijun

2015-09-09

An γFe2 O3 @Au core/shell-type magnetic gold nanoflower-based theranostic nano-platform is developed. It is integrated with ultrasensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering imaging, high-resolution photo-acoustics imaging, real-time magnetic resonance imaging, and photothermal therapy capabilities. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Gold nanorod embedded reduction responsive block copolymer micelle-triggered drug delivery combined with photothermal ablation for targeted cancer therapy.

PubMed

Parida, Sheetal; Maiti, Chiranjit; Rajesh, Y; Dey, Kaushik K; Pal, Ipsita; Parekh, Aditya; Patra, Rusha; Dhara, Dibakar; Dutta, Pranab Kumar; Mandal, Mahitosh

2017-01-01

Gold nanorods, by virtue of surface plasmon resonance, convert incident light energy (NIR) into heat energy which induces hyperthermia. We designed unique, multifunctional, gold nanorod embedded block copolymer micelle loaded with GW627368X for targeted drug delivery and photothermal therapy. Glutathione responsive diblock co-polymer was synthesized by RAFT process forming self-assembled micelle on gold nanorods prepared by seed mediated method and GW627368X was loaded on to the reduction responsive gold nanorod embedded micelle. Photothermal therapy was administered using cwNIR laser (808nm; 4W/cm 2 ). Efficacy of nanoformulated GW627368X, photothermal therapy and combination of both were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. In response to photothermal treatment, cells undergo regulated, patterned cell death by necroptosis. Combining GW627368X with photothermal treatment using single nanoparticle enhanced therapeutic outcome. In addition, these nanoparticles are effective X-ray CT contrast agents, thus, can help in monitoring treatment. Reduction responsive nanorod embedded micelle containing folic acid and lipoic acid when treated on cervical cancer cells or tumour bearing mice, aggregate in and around cancer cells. Due to high glutathione concentration, micelles degrade releasing drug which binds surface receptors inducing apoptosis. When incident with 808nm cwNIR lasers, gold nanorods bring about photothermal effect leading to hyperthermic cell death by necroptosis. Combination of the two modalities enhances therapeutic efficacy by inducing both forms of cell death. Our proposed treatment strategy achieves photothermal therapy and targeted drug delivery simultaneously. It can prove useful in overcoming general toxicities associated with chemotherapeutics and intrinsic/acquired resistance to chemo and radiotherapy. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Character of skin on photo-thermal response and its regeneration process using second-harmonic generation microscopy.

PubMed

Wu, Shu-lian; Li, Hui; Zhang, Xiao-man; Chen, Wei R; Wang, Yun-Xia

2014-01-01

Quantitative characterization of skin collagen on photo-thermal response and its regeneration process is an important but difficult task. In this study, morphology and spectrum characteristics of collagen during photo-thermal response and its light-induced remodeling process were obtained by second-harmonic generation microscope in vivo. The texture feature of collagen orientation index and fractal dimension was extracted by image processing. The aim of this study is to detect the information hidden in skin texture during the process of photo-thermal response and its regeneration. The quantitative relations between injured collagen and texture feature were established for further analysis of the injured characteristics. Our results show that it is feasible to determine the main impacts of phototherapy on the skin. It is important to understand the process of collagen remodeling after photo-thermal injuries from texture feature.

Experimental Study on GFRP Surface Cracks Detection Using Truncated-Correlation Photothermal Coherence Tomography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Fei; Liu, Junyan; Mohummad, Oliullah; Wang, Yang

2018-04-01

In this paper, truncated-correlation photothermal coherence tomography (TC-PCT) was used as a nondestructive inspection technique to evaluate glass-fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite surface cracks. Chirped-pulsed signal that combines linear frequency modulation and pulse excitation was proposed as an excitation signal to detect GFRP composite surface cracks. The basic principle of TC-PCT and extraction algorithm of the thermal wave signal feature was described. The comparison experiments between lock-in thermography, thermal wave radar imaging and chirped-pulsed photothermal radar for detecting GFRP artificial surface cracks were carried out. Experimental results illustrated that chirped-pulsed photothermal radar has the merits of high signal-to-noise ratio in detecting GFRP composite surface cracks. TC-PCT as a depth-resolved photothermal imaging modality was employed to enable three-dimensional visualization of GFRP composite surface cracks. The results showed that TC-PCT can effectively evaluate the cracks depth of GFRP composite.

Photothermal therapy combined with dinitrophenyl hapten for the treatment of late stage malignant melanoma

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Xiaosong; Du, Nan; Li, Haijun; Long, Shan; Chen, Dianjun; Zhou, Feifan; Xu, Yuanyuan; Wang, Fuli; Chen, Wei R.

2017-02-01

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of photothermal with dinitrophenyl hapten (DNP) for patients with malignant melanoma (MM), Patients with pathology confirmed stage III or IV MM were enrolled. Seventy-two patients were randomized into two groups, DNP alone group (n=36) and DNP plus photothermal therapy group (n=36). The results showed that the patients in the combination treatment group had longer median progression-free survival time (19.0m vs. 12.0m, p=0.007). No severe adverse events were observed in both groups. Thus, the combination of photothermal therapy and DNP maybe a new therapeutic strategy for patients with advanced MM.

Amphiphilic semiconducting polymer as multifunctional nanocarrier for fluorescence/photoacoustic imaging guided chemo-photothermal therapy.

PubMed

Jiang, Yuyan; Cui, Dong; Fang, Yuan; Zhen, Xu; Upputuri, Paul Kumar; Pramanik, Manojit; Ding, Dan; Pu, Kanyi

2017-11-01

Chemo-photothermal nanotheranostics has the advantage of synergistic therapeutic effect, providing opportunities for optimized cancer therapy. However, current chemo-photothermal nanotheranostic systems generally comprise more than three components, encountering the potential issues of unstable nanostructures and unexpected conflicts in optical and biophysical properties among different components. We herein synthesize an amphiphilic semiconducting polymer (PEG-PCB) and utilize it as a multifunctional nanocarrier to simplify chemo-photothermal nanotheranostics. PEG-PCB has a semiconducting backbone that not only serves as the diagnostic component for near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence and photoacoustic (PA) imaging, but also acts as the therapeutic agent for photothermal therapy. In addition, the hydrophobic backbone of PEG-PCB provides strong hydrophobic and π-π interactions with the aromatic anticancer drug such as doxorubicin for drug encapsulation and delivery. Such a trifunctionality of PEG-PCB eventually results in a greatly simplified nanotheranostic system with only two components but multimodal imaging and therapeutic capacities, permitting effective NIR fluorescence/PA imaging guided chemo-photothermal therapy of cancer in living mice. Our study thus provides a molecular engineering approach to integrate essential properties into one polymer for multimodal nanotheranostics. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Photothermal effects from Au-Cu2O core-shell nanocubes, octahedra, and nanobars with broad near-infrared absorption tunability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Hsiang-Ju; Yang, Kung-Hsun; Hsu, Shih-Chen; Huang, Michael H.

2015-12-01

Other than the display of purely optical phenomenon, the recently-discovered facet-dependent optical properties of metal-Cu2O nanocrystals have become useful by illuminating Au-Cu2O nanocubes and octahedra having a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption band in the near-infrared (NIR) region from octahedral Au cores with 808 nm light for heat generation. After 5 min of light irradiation, a solution of Au-Cu2O nanocubes can reach 65 °C with their Au SPR band matching the illuminating light wavelength. Photothermal efficiency has been found to be facet-dependent. In addition, short gold nanorods were employed to synthesize {100}-bound rectangular Au-Cu2O nanobars with a tunable longitudinal Au SPR absorption band covering a broad NIR range from ~1050 to 1400 nm. Because the Au SPR bands can become fixed with relatively thin Cu2O shells of less than 15 nm, ultrasmall nanobars having a size of 61 nm directly red-shift the Au SPR band to 1047 nm. And 73 nm nanobars can give a Au SPR band at 1390 nm. Truncated nanobars exposing {100}, {110}, and {111} facets give a very blue-shifted Au SPR band. The nanobars also exhibit photothermal activity when illuminated by 1064 nm light. These small Au-Cu2O nanocrystals represent the simplest nanostructure design to absorb light covering the entire NIR wavelengths.Other than the display of purely optical phenomenon, the recently-discovered facet-dependent optical properties of metal-Cu2O nanocrystals have become useful by illuminating Au-Cu2O nanocubes and octahedra having a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption band in the near-infrared (NIR) region from octahedral Au cores with 808 nm light for heat generation. After 5 min of light irradiation, a solution of Au-Cu2O nanocubes can reach 65 °C with their Au SPR band matching the illuminating light wavelength. Photothermal efficiency has been found to be facet-dependent. In addition, short gold nanorods were employed to synthesize {100}-bound rectangular Au-Cu2O nanobars with a tunable longitudinal Au SPR absorption band covering a broad NIR range from ~1050 to 1400 nm. Because the Au SPR bands can become fixed with relatively thin Cu2O shells of less than 15 nm, ultrasmall nanobars having a size of 61 nm directly red-shift the Au SPR band to 1047 nm. And 73 nm nanobars can give a Au SPR band at 1390 nm. Truncated nanobars exposing {100}, {110}, and {111} facets give a very blue-shifted Au SPR band. The nanobars also exhibit photothermal activity when illuminated by 1064 nm light. These small Au-Cu2O nanocrystals represent the simplest nanostructure design to absorb light covering the entire NIR wavelengths. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06847a

Dual-wavelength photothermal optical coherence tomography for blood oxygen saturation measurement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yin, Biwei; Kuranov, Roman V.; McElroy, Austin B.; Milner, Thomas E.

2013-03-01

We report design and demonstration of a dual wavelength photothermal (DWP) optical coherence tomography (OCT) system for imaging of a phantom microvessel and measurement of hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SO2) level. The DWP-OCT system contains a swept-source (SS) two-beam phase-sensitive (PhS) OCT system (1060 nm) and two intensity modulated photothermal excitation lasers (770 nm and 800 nm). The PhS-OCT probe beam (1060 nm) and photothermal excitation beams are combined into one single-mode optical fiber. A galvanometer based two-dimensional achromatic scanning system is designed to provide 14 μm lateral resolution for the PhS-OCT probe beam (1060 nm) and 13 μm lateral resolution for photothermal excitation beams. DWP-OCT system's sensitivity is 102 dB, axial resolution is 13 μm in tissue and uses a real-time digital dispersion compensation algorithm. Noise floor for optical pathlength measurements is 300 pm in the signal frequency range (380-400 Hz) of photothermal modulation frequencies. Blood SO2 level is calculated from measured optical pathlength (op) signal in a 300 μm diameter microvessel phantom introduced by the two photothermal excitation beams. En-face and B-scan images of a phantom microvessel are recorded, and six blood samples' SO2 levels are measured using DWP-OCT and compared with values provided by a commercial blood oximeter. A mathematical model indicates thermal diffusion introduces a systematic artifact that over-estimates SO2 values and is consistent with measured data.

Magnetic/NIR-responsive drug carrier, multicolor cell imaging, and enhanced photothermal therapy of gold capped magnetite-fluorescent carbon hybrid nanoparticles

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Hui; Cao, Guixin; Gai, Zheng

In our paper reports a type of multifunctional hybrid nanoparticle (NP) composed of gold nanocrystals coated on and/or embedded in a magnetite-fluorescent porous carbon core-shell NP template (Fe 3O 4@PC-CDs-Au) for biomedical applications, including magnetic/NIR-responsive drug release, multicolor cell imaging, and enhanced photothermal therapy. The synthesis of the Fe 3O 4@PC-CDs-Au NPs firstly involves the preparation of core-shell template NPs with magnetite nanocrystals clustered in the cores and fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) embedded in a porous carbon shell, followed by an in situ reduction of silver ions (Ag +) loaded in the porous carbon shell and a subsequent replacement ofmore » Ag NPs with Au NPs through a galvanic replacement reaction using HAuCl 4 as a precursor. Moreover, the Fe 3O 4@PC-CDsAu NPs can enter the intracellular region and light up mouse melanoma B16F10 cells in multicolor mode. The porous carbon shell, anchored with hydrophilic hydroxyl/carboxyl groups, endows the Fe 3O 4@PC-CDs-Au NPs with excellent stability in the aqueous phase and a high loading capacity (719 mg g -1) for the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). The superparamagnetic Fe 3O 4@PC-CDs-Au NPs with a saturation magnetization of 23.26 emu g -1 produce localized heat under an alternating magnetic field, which triggers the release of the loaded drug. The combined photothermal effects of the Au nanocrystals and the CDs on/in the carbon shell can not only regulate the release rate of the loaded drug, but also efficiently kill tumor cells under NIR irradiation. Finally, in benefitting from their excellent optical properties, their magnetic field and NIR light-responsive drug release capabilities and their enhanced photothermal effect, such nanostructured Fe 3O 4@PC-CDs-Au hybrid NPs are very promising for simultaneous imaging diagnostics and high efficacy therapy.« less

Magnetic/NIR-responsive drug carrier, multicolor cell imaging, and enhanced photothermal therapy of gold capped magnetite-fluorescent carbon hybrid nanoparticles

DOE PAGES

Wang, Hui; Cao, Guixin; Gai, Zheng; ...

2015-03-25

In our paper reports a type of multifunctional hybrid nanoparticle (NP) composed of gold nanocrystals coated on and/or embedded in a magnetite-fluorescent porous carbon core-shell NP template (Fe 3O 4@PC-CDs-Au) for biomedical applications, including magnetic/NIR-responsive drug release, multicolor cell imaging, and enhanced photothermal therapy. The synthesis of the Fe 3O 4@PC-CDs-Au NPs firstly involves the preparation of core-shell template NPs with magnetite nanocrystals clustered in the cores and fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) embedded in a porous carbon shell, followed by an in situ reduction of silver ions (Ag +) loaded in the porous carbon shell and a subsequent replacement ofmore » Ag NPs with Au NPs through a galvanic replacement reaction using HAuCl 4 as a precursor. Moreover, the Fe 3O 4@PC-CDsAu NPs can enter the intracellular region and light up mouse melanoma B16F10 cells in multicolor mode. The porous carbon shell, anchored with hydrophilic hydroxyl/carboxyl groups, endows the Fe 3O 4@PC-CDs-Au NPs with excellent stability in the aqueous phase and a high loading capacity (719 mg g -1) for the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin (DOX). The superparamagnetic Fe 3O 4@PC-CDs-Au NPs with a saturation magnetization of 23.26 emu g -1 produce localized heat under an alternating magnetic field, which triggers the release of the loaded drug. The combined photothermal effects of the Au nanocrystals and the CDs on/in the carbon shell can not only regulate the release rate of the loaded drug, but also efficiently kill tumor cells under NIR irradiation. Finally, in benefitting from their excellent optical properties, their magnetic field and NIR light-responsive drug release capabilities and their enhanced photothermal effect, such nanostructured Fe 3O 4@PC-CDs-Au hybrid NPs are very promising for simultaneous imaging diagnostics and high efficacy therapy.« less

Nanoscaled red blood cells facilitate breast cancer treatment by combining photothermal/photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy.

PubMed

Wan, Guoyun; Chen, Bowei; Li, Ling; Wang, Dan; Shi, Shurui; Zhang, Tao; Wang, Yue; Zhang, Lianyun; Wang, Yinsong

2018-02-01

Red blood cells (RBCs)-based vesicles have been widely used for drug delivery due to their unique advantages. Intact RBCs contain a large amount of oxyhemoglobin (oxyHb), which can assist with photodynamic therapy (PDT). Indocyanine green (ICG), a photosensitizer both for photothermal therapy (PTT) and PDT, shows potent anticancer efficacy when combined with chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX). In this study, we prepared nanoscaled RBCs (RAs) containing oxyHb and gas-generating agent ammonium bicarbonate (ABC) for co-loading and controlled release of ICG and DOX, thus hoping to achieve synergistic effects of PTT/PDT and chemotherapy against breast cancer. Compared to free ICG, ICG and DOX co-loaded RAs (DIRAs) exhibited nearly identical PTT efficiency both in vitro and in vivo, but meanwhile their PDT efficiency was enhanced significantly. In mouse breast cancer cells, DIRAs significantly inhibited cell growth and induced cell apoptosis after laser irradiation. In breast tumor-bearing mice, intratumoral injection of DIRAs and followed by local laser irradiation almost completely ablated breast tumor and further suppressed tumor recurrence and metastasis. In conclusion, this biomimetic multifunctional nanosystem can facilitate breast cancer treatment by combining PTT/PDT and chemotherapy. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Photothermal effect of infrared lasers on ex vivo lamb brain tissues

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Özgürün, Baturay; Gülsoy, Murat

2018-02-01

Here, the most suitable infrared laser for a neurosurgery operation is suggested, among 1940-nm thulium fiber, 1470-nm diode, 1070-nm ytterbium fiber and 980-nm diode lasers. Cortical and subcortical ex-vivo lamb brain tissues are exposed to the laser light with the combinations of some laser parameters such as output power, energy density, operation mode (continuous and pulsed-modulated) and operation time. In this way, the greatest ablation efficiency associated with the best neurosurgical laser type can be defined. The research can be divided into two parts; pre-dosimetry and dosimetry studies. The former is used to determine safe operation zones for the dosimetry study by defining coagulation and carbonization onset times for each of the brain tissues. The latter is the main part of this research, and both tissues are exposed to laser irradiation with various energy density levels associated with the output power and operation time. In addition, photo-thermal effects are compared for two laser operation modes, and then coagulation and ablation diameters to calculate the ablation efficiency are measured under a light microscope. Consequently, results are compared graphically and statistically, and it is found that thulium and 1470-nm diode lasers can be utilized as subcortical and cortical tissue ablator devices, respectively.

Self-monitored photothermal nanoparticles based on core-shell engineering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ximendes, Erving C.; Rocha, Uéslen; Jacinto, Carlos; Kumar, Kagola Upendra; Bravo, David; López, Fernando J.; Rodríguez, Emma Martín; García-Solé, José; Jaque, Daniel

2016-01-01

The continuous development of nanotechnology has resulted in the actual possibility of the design and synthesis of nanostructured materials with pre-tailored functionabilities. Nanostructures capable of simultaneous heating and local thermal sensing are in strong demand as they would constitute a revolutionary solution to several challenging problems in bio-medicine, including the achievement of real time control during photothermal therapies. Several approaches have been demonstrated to achieve simultaneous heating and thermal sensing at the nanoscale. Some of them lack of sufficient thermal sensitivity and others require complicated synthesis procedures for heterostructure fabrication. In this study, we demonstrate how single core/shell dielectric nanoparticles with a highly Nd3+ ion doped shell and an Yb3+,Er3+ codoped core are capable of simultaneous thermal sensing and heating under an 808 nm single beam excitation. The spatial separation between the heating shell and sensing core provides remarkable values of the heating efficiency and thermal sensitivity, enabling their application in single beam-controlled heating experiments in both aqueous and tissue environments.

In vitro and in vivo photothermal cancer therapy using excited gold nanorod surface plasmons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Cheng-Lung; Liu, Bruce; Ou, Min-Nan; Chang, Fu-Hsiung; Lin, Win-Li; Chia, Chih-Ta; Chen, Yang-Yuan

2013-03-01

The application of heat to eliminate or restrain specific cancer cells is proposed as an encouraging approach in optimizing cancer therapy. This talk presents the in vitro and in vivo photothermal cancer therapy using photo-excited gold nanorods (Au NRs), and studies the impact of thermal heat on the necrosis of tumor tissue. The therapeutic efficacy in vivo was evaluated by analyzing tumor size change, vascular development, and histological images. The safety standard for the therapy process and administration of Au NRs were conducted to exclude side effects arising from the irradiation and materials. It is found that the smaller size of Au NRs exhibits better therapeutic efficacy due to their optical absorption efficiency and space distribution uniformity in the cell. The generation of local heating from excited Au NR surface plasmons is high enough to make the tumor tissue gradually develop to an eschar; resulting in a dramatic size decreases in these treated tumors.

Graphene Oxide and Gadolinium-Chelate Functionalized Poly(lactic acid) Nanocapsules Encapsulating Perfluorooctylbromide for Ultrasound/Magnetic Resonance Bimodal Imaging Guided Photothermal Ablation of Cancer.

PubMed

Li, Zhenglin; Ke, Hengte; Wang, Jinrui; Miao, Zhaohua; Yue, Xiuli

2016-03-01

This paper successfully fabricated a novel multifunctional theranostic agent (PFOB@PLA/GO/Gd-DTPA NCs) by loading perfluorooctylbromide (PFOB) into poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocapsules (NCs) followed by surface functionalization with graphene oxide (GO) and gadolinium-chelate (Gd-DTPA). It was found that the resulting nanoagent could serve as a contrast agent simultaneously to enhance ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Benefiting from the strong absorption in the near infrared (NIR) region, the nanocapsules could efficiently kill cancer cells under NIR laser irradiation. Thus, such a single theranostic agent with the combination of realtime US imaging and high-resolution MR imaging could achieve great therapeutic effectiveness without systemic damage to the body. In addition, the cytotoxicity assay on HUVEC cells revealed a good biocompatibility of PFOB@PLA/GO/Gd-DTPA NCs, showing that the versatile nanocapsule system may hold great potential as an effective nanoplatform for contrast enhanced imaging guided photothermal therapy.

Heavy Metals Effect on Cyanobacteria Synechocystis aquatilis Study Using Absorption, Fluorescence, Flow Cytometry, and Photothermal Measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dudkowiak, A.; Olejarz, B.; Łukasiewicz, J.; Banaszek, J.; Sikora, J.; Wiktorowicz, K.

2011-04-01

The toxic effect of six heavy metals on cyanobacteria Synechocystis aquatilis was studied by absorption, fluorescence, flow cytometry, and photothermal measurements. This study indicates that at the concentration used, the cyanobacteria are more sensitive to silver, copper, and mercury than to cadmium, lead, and zinc metals. Disregarding the decrease in the yields of the related radiative processes caused by photochemical processes and/or damage to phycobilisomes, no changes were detected in the efficiency of thermal deactivation processes within a few microseconds, which can indicate the lack of disturbances in the photosynthetic light reaction and the lack of damage to the photosystem caused by the heavy metal ions in the concentrations used. The results demonstrate that the relative values of fluorescence yield as well as promptly generated heat calculated for the metal-affected and unaffected (reference) bacteria are sensitive indicators of environmental pollution with heavy metal ions, whereas the complementary methods proposed could be used as a noninvasive and fast procedure for in vivo assessment of their toxicity.

Digital micromirror based near-infrared illumination system for plasmonic photothermal neuromodulation.

PubMed

Jung, Hyunjun; Kang, Hongki; Nam, Yoonkey

2017-06-01

Light-mediated neuromodulation techniques provide great advantages to investigate neuroscience due to its high spatial and temporal resolution. To generate a spatial pattern of neural activity, it is necessary to develop a system for patterned-light illumination to a specific area. Digital micromirror device (DMD) based patterned illumination system have been used for neuromodulation due to its simple configuration and design flexibility. In this paper, we developed a patterned near-infrared (NIR) illumination system for region specific photothermal manipulation of neural activity using NIR-sensitive plasmonic gold nanorods (GNRs). The proposed system had high power transmission efficiency for delivering power density up to 19 W/mm 2 . We used a GNR-coated microelectrode array (MEA) to perform biological experiments using E18 rat hippocampal neurons and showed that it was possible to inhibit neural spiking activity of specific area in neural circuits with the patterned NIR illumination. This patterned NIR illumination system can serve as a promising neuromodulation tool to investigate neuroscience in a wide range of physiological and clinical applications.

Nanostructured zinc oxide films synthesized by successive chemical solution deposition for gas sensor applications

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lupan, O.; Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816-2385; Chow, L.

2009-01-08

Nanostructured ZnO thin films have been deposited using a successive chemical solution deposition method. The structural, morphological, electrical and sensing properties of the films were studied for different concentrations of Al-dopant and were analyzed as a function of rapid photothermal processing temperatures. The films were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Electrical and gas sensitivity measurements were conducted as well. The average grain size is 240 and 224 A for undoped ZnO and Al-doped ZnO films, respectively. We demonstrate that rapid photothermal processing is an efficient method for improving themore » quality of nanostructured ZnO films. Nanostructured ZnO films doped with Al showed a higher sensitivity to carbon dioxide than undoped ZnO films. The correlations between material compositions, microstructures of the films and the properties of the gas sensors are discussed.« less

Synergistic immuno photothermal nanotherapy (SYMPHONY) to treat unresectable and metastatic cancers and produce and cancer vaccine effect

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vo-Dinh, Tuan; Inman, Brant; Maccarini, Paolo; Palmer, Gregory; Liu, Yang

2018-02-01

Biocompatible gold nanostars (GNS) with tip-enhanced electromagnetic and optical properties have been developed and applied for multifunctional cancer diagnostics and therapy (theranostics). Their multiple sharp branches acting like "lightning rods" can convert safely and efficiently light into heat. As with other nanoparticles, GNS sizes can be controlled so that they passively accumulate in tumors due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect of tumor vasculature. This feature improves tumor-targeting precision and permits the use of reduced laser energy required to destroy the targeted cancer cells. The ability to selectively heat tumor areas where GNS are located while keeping surrounding healthy tissues at significantly lower temperatures offers significant advantages over other thermal therapies. GNS-mediated photothermal therapy combined with checkpoint immunotherapy was shown to reverse tumor-mediated immunosuppression, leading to the treatment of not only primary tumors but also cancer metastasis as well as inducing effective long-lasting immunity, i.e. an anticancer `vaccine' effect.

Gold nanorods as contrast agents for biological imaging: optical properties, surface conjugation, and photothermal effects†

PubMed Central

Tong, Ling; Wei, Qingshan; Wei, Alexander; Cheng, Ji-Xin

2009-01-01

Gold nanorods (NRs) have plasmon-resonant absorption and scattering in the near-infrared (NIR) region, making them attractive probes for in vitro and in vivo imaging. In the cellular environment, NRs can provide scattering contrast for darkfield microscopy, or emit a strong two-photon luminescence (TPL) due to plasmon-enhanced two-photon absorption. NRs have also been employed in biomedical imaging modalities such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) or photoacoustic tomography (PAT). Careful control over surface chemistry enhances the capacity of NRs as biological imaging agents by enabling cell-specific targeting, and by increasing their dispersion stability and circulation lifetimes. NRs can also efficiently convert optical energy into heat, and inflict localized damage to tumor cells. Laser-induced heating of NRs can disrupt cell membrane integrity and homeostasis, resulting in Ca2+ influx and the depolymerization of the intracellular actin network. The combination of plasmon-resonant optical properties, intense local photothermal effects, and robust surface chemistry render gold NRs as promising theragnostic agents. PMID:19161395

White light photothermal lens spectrophotometer for the determination of absorption in scattering samples.

PubMed

Marcano, Aristides; Alvarado, Salvador; Meng, Junwei; Caballero, Daniel; Moares, Ernesto Marín; Edziah, Raymond

2014-01-01

We developed a pump-probe photothermal lens spectrophotometer that uses a broadband arc-lamp and a set of interference filters to provide tunable, nearly monochromatic radiation between 370 and 730 nm as the pump light source. This light is focused onto an absorbing sample, generating a photothermal lens of millimeter dimensions. A highly collimated monochromatic probe light from a low-power He-Ne laser interrogates the generated lens, yielding a photothermal signal proportional to the absorption of light. We measure the absorption spectra of scattering dye solutions using the device. We show that the spectra are not affected by the presence of scattering, confirming that the method only measures the absorption of light that results in generation of heat. By comparing the photothermal spectra with the usual absorption spectra determined using commercial transmission spectrophotometers, we estimate the quantum yield of scattering of the sample. We discuss applications of the device for spectroscopic characterization of samples such as blood and gold nanoparticles that exhibit a complex behavior upon interaction with light.

Multifunctional polymeric micelles loaded with doxorubicin and poly(dithienyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole) for near-infrared light-controlled chemo-phototherapy of cancer cells.

PubMed

Liu, Hui; Wang, Kai; Yang, Cangjie; Huang, Shuo; Wang, Mingfeng

2017-09-01

Polymeric micelles loaded with multiple therapeutic modalities are important to overcome challenges such as drug resistance and improve the therapeutic efficacy. Here we report a new polymer micellar drug carrier that integrates chemotherapy and photothermal therapy in a single platform. Specifically, a narrow bandgap poly(dithienyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole) (PDPP) polymer was encapsulated together with a model anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) in the hydrophobic cores of polymeric micelles formed by Pluronic F127, an amphiphilic poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer. The PDPP polymer served as an organic photothermal agent that absorbs near-infrared light (700-1000nm) and transforms into heat efficiently. The dual functional micelles co-loaded with PDPP and DOX in the hydrophobic compartment showed good colloidal stability after being stored at 4°C at least over two months, and remained visibly stable after 808-nm laser irradiation. The loaded DOX had negligible effect on the size and photothermal property of the micelles. The release of DOX from the micelles could be enhanced by the "breathing" effect of shrinking/swelling of the micelles induced by the temperature change, owing to the thermosensitive nature of the F127 polymers. Importantly, the ternary F127/PDPP/DOX micelles under 808-nm laser irradiation showed enhanced cytotoxicity against cancer cells such as HeLa cells, compared to F127 micelles containing single modality of either PDPP or DOX only. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Photothermal effects of laser-activated surface plasmonic gold nanoparticles on the apoptosis and osteogenesis of osteoblast-like cells

PubMed Central

Rau, Lih-Rou; Huang, Wan-Yu; Liaw, Jiunn-Woei; Tsai, Shiao-Wen

2016-01-01

The specific properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) make them a novel class of photothermal agents that can induce cancer cell damage and even death through the conversion of optical energy to thermal energy. Most relevant studies have focused on increasing the precision of cell targeting, improving the efficacy of energy transfer, and exploring additional functions. Nevertheless, most cells can uptake nanosized particles through nonspecific endocytosis; therefore, before hyperthermia via AuNPs can be applied for clinical use, it is important to understand the adverse optical–thermal effects of AuNPs on nontargeted cells. However, few studies have investigated the thermal effects induced by pulsed laser-activated AuNPs on nearby healthy cells due to nonspecific treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the photothermal effects induced by AuNPs plus a pulsed laser on MG63, an osteoblast-like cell line, specifically examining the effects on cell morphology, viability, death program, and differentiation. The cells were treated with media containing 50 nm AuNPs at a concentration of 5 ppm for 1 hour. Cultured cells were then exposed to irradiation at 60 mW/cm2 and 80 mW/cm2 by a Nd:YAG laser (532 nm wavelength). We observed that the cytoskeletons of MG63 cells treated with bare AuNPs followed by pulsed laser irradiation were damaged, and these cells had few bubbles on the cell membrane compared with those that were not treated (control) or were treated with AuNPs or the laser alone. There were no significant differences between the AuNPs plus laser treatment group and the other groups in terms of cell viability, death program analysis results, or alkaline phosphatase and calcium accumulation during culture for up to 21 days. However, the calcium deposit areas in the cells treated with AuNPs plus laser were larger than those in other groups during the early culture period. PMID:27555768

Photothermal effects of laser-activated surface plasmonic gold nanoparticles on the apoptosis and osteogenesis of osteoblast-like cells.

PubMed

Rau, Lih-Rou; Huang, Wan-Yu; Liaw, Jiunn-Woei; Tsai, Shiao-Wen

2016-01-01

The specific properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) make them a novel class of photothermal agents that can induce cancer cell damage and even death through the conversion of optical energy to thermal energy. Most relevant studies have focused on increasing the precision of cell targeting, improving the efficacy of energy transfer, and exploring additional functions. Nevertheless, most cells can uptake nanosized particles through nonspecific endocytosis; therefore, before hyperthermia via AuNPs can be applied for clinical use, it is important to understand the adverse optical-thermal effects of AuNPs on nontargeted cells. However, few studies have investigated the thermal effects induced by pulsed laser-activated AuNPs on nearby healthy cells due to nonspecific treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the photothermal effects induced by AuNPs plus a pulsed laser on MG63, an osteoblast-like cell line, specifically examining the effects on cell morphology, viability, death program, and differentiation. The cells were treated with media containing 50 nm AuNPs at a concentration of 5 ppm for 1 hour. Cultured cells were then exposed to irradiation at 60 mW/cm(2) and 80 mW/cm(2) by a Nd:YAG laser (532 nm wavelength). We observed that the cytoskeletons of MG63 cells treated with bare AuNPs followed by pulsed laser irradiation were damaged, and these cells had few bubbles on the cell membrane compared with those that were not treated (control) or were treated with AuNPs or the laser alone. There were no significant differences between the AuNPs plus laser treatment group and the other groups in terms of cell viability, death program analysis results, or alkaline phosphatase and calcium accumulation during culture for up to 21 days. However, the calcium deposit areas in the cells treated with AuNPs plus laser were larger than those in other groups during the early culture period.

In-vivo ultrasound and photoacoustic image- guided photothermal cancer therapy using silica-coated gold nanorods.

PubMed

Kim, Seungsoo; Chen, Yun-Sheng; Luke, Geoffrey P; Emelianov, Stanislav Y

2014-05-01

In nanoparticle-augmented photothermal therapy, evaluating the delivery and spatial distribution of nanoparticles, followed by remote temperature mapping and monitoring, is essential to ensure the optimal therapeutic outcome. The utility of ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging to assist photothermal therapy has been previously demonstrated. Here, using a mouse xenograft tumor model, it is demonstrated in vivo that ultrasound-guided photoacoustic imaging can be used to plan the treatment and to guide the therapy. To evaluate nanoparticle delivery and spatial distribution, three-dimensional ultrasound and spectroscopic photoacoustic imaging of a mouse with a tumor was performed before and after intravenous injection of silica-coated gold nanorods. After injection and sufficient circulation of nanoparticles, photothermal therapy was performed for 5 min using an 808-nm continuous-wave laser. During the photothermal therapy, photoacoustic images were acquired continuously and used to measure the temperature changes within tissue. A heterogeneous distribution of temperature, which was spatially correlated with the measured distribution of nanoparticles, indicated that peak temperatures of 53°C were achieved in the tumor. An Arrhenius thermal damage model determined that this thermal deposition would result in significant cell death. The results of this study suggest that ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging can effectively guide photothermal therapy to achieve the desired thermal treatment.

Nanoscale steady-state temperature gradients within polymer nanocomposites undergoing continuous-wave photothermal heating from gold nanorods.

PubMed

Maity, Somsubhra; Wu, Wei-Chen; Tracy, Joseph B; Clarke, Laura I; Bochinski, Jason R

2017-08-17

Anisotropically-shaped metal nanoparticles act as nanoscale heaters via excitation of a localized surface plasmon resonance, utilizing a photothermal effect which converts the optical energy into local heat. Steady-state temperatures within a polymer matrix embedded with gold nanorods undergoing photothermal heating using continuous-wave excitation are measured in the immediate spatial vicinity of the nanoparticle (referred to as the local temperature) from observing the rate of physical rotation of the asymmetric nanoparticles within the locally created polymer melt. Average temperatures across the entire (mostly solid) sample (referred to as the global temperature) are simultaneously observed using a fluorescence method from randomly dispersed molecular emitters. Comparing these two independent measurements in films having varying concentrations of nanorods reveals the interplay between the local and global temperatures, clearly demonstrating the capability of these material samples to sustain large steady-state spatial temperature gradients when experiencing continuous-wave excitation photothermal heating. These results are discussed quantitatively. Illustrative imaging studies of nanofibers under photothermal heating also support the presence of a large temperature gradient. Photothermal heating in this manner has potential utility in creating unique thermal processing conditions for outcomes such as driving chemical reactions, inducing crystallinity changes, or enhancing degradation processes in a manner unachievable by conventional heating methods.

Two-axis tracking solar collector mechanism

DOEpatents

Johnson, Kenneth C.

1992-01-01

This invention is a novel solar tracking mechanism incorporating a number of practical features that give it superior environmental resilience and exceptional tracking accuracy. The mechanism comprises a lightweight space-frame assembly supporting an array of point-focus Fresnel lenses in a two-axis tracking structure. The system is enclosed under a glass cover which isolates it from environmental exposure and enhances tracking accuracy by eliminating wind loading. Tracking accuracy is also enhanced by the system's broad-based tracking support. The system's primary intended application would be to focus highly concentrated sunlight into optical fibers for transmission to core building illumination zones, and the system may also have potential for photovoltaic or photothermal solar energy conversion.

Two-axis tracking solar collector mechanism

DOEpatents

Johnson, Kenneth C.

1990-01-01

This invention is a novel solar tracking mechanism incorporating a number of practical features that give it superior environmental resilience and exceptional tracking accuracy. The mechanism comprises a lightweight space-frame assembly supporting an array of point-focus Fresnel lenses in a two-axis tracking structure. The system is enclosed under a glass cover which isolates it from environmental exposure and enhances tracking accuracy by eliminating wind loading. Tracking accuracy is also enhanced by the system's broad-based tracking support. The system's primary intended application would be to focus highly concentrated sunlight into optical fibers for transmission to core building illumination zones, and the system may also have potential for photovoltaic or photothermal solar energy conversion.

Two-axis tracking solar collector mechanism

DOEpatents

Johnson, K.C.

1992-12-08

This invention is a novel solar tracking mechanism incorporating a number of practical features that give it superior environmental resilience and exceptional tracking accuracy. The mechanism comprises a lightweight space-frame assembly supporting an array of point-focus Fresnel lenses in a two-axis tracking structure. The system is enclosed under a glass cover which isolates it from environmental exposure and enhances tracking accuracy by eliminating wind loading. Tracking accuracy is also enhanced by the system's broad-based tracking support. The system's primary intended application would be to focus highly concentrated sunlight into optical fibers for transmission to core building illumination zones, and the system may also have potential for photovoltaic or photothermal solar energy conversion. 16 figs.

Photothermal stress triggered by near infrared-irradiated carbon nanotubes promotes bone deposition in rat calvarial defects.

PubMed

Yanagi, Tsukasa; Kajiya, Hiroshi; Kawaguchi, Minoru; Kido, Hirofumi; Fukushima, Tadao

2015-03-01

The bone regenerative healing process is often prolonged, with a high risk of infection particularly in elderly and diseased patients. A reduction in healing process time usually requires mechanical stress devices, chemical cues, or laser/thermal therapies. Although these approaches have been used extensively for the reduction of bone healing time, the exact mechanisms involved in thermal stress-induced bone regeneration remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of optimal hyperthermia on rat calvarial defects in vivo and on osteogenesis in vitro. Photothermal stress stimulation was carried out using a new photothermal device, composed of an alginate gel including in carbon nanotubes and their irradiator with near-infrared light. Photothermal stress (15 min at 42℃, every day), trigged by near-infrared-induced carbon nanotube, promoted bone deposition in critical-sized calvarial defects compared with nonthermal stress controls. We recently reported that our novel DNA/protamine complex scaffold induces bone regeneration in calvarial defects. In this study, photothermal stress upregulated bone deposition in DNA/protamine-engrafted calvarial defects. Furthermore, photothermal stress significantly induced expression of osteogenic related genes in a time-dependent manner, including alkaline phosphatase, osterix, and osteocalcin. This was observed in DNA/protamine cells, which were expanded from regenerated tissue engrafted into the DNA/protamine scaffold, as well as in human MG63 preosteoblasts. In summary, this novel carbon nanotube-based photothermal stress approach upregulated expression of osteogenic-related genes in preosteoblasts, resulting in promotion of mineral deposition for enhanced bone repair. © The Author(s) 2014 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav.

Synergistic effect of sunlight induced photothermal conversion and H2O2 release based on hybridized tungsten oxide gel for cancer inhibition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Cong; Gao, Yibo; Gao, Xinghua; Wang, Hua; Tian, Jingxuan; Wang, Li; Zhou, Bingpu; Ye, Ziran; Wan, Jun; Wen, Weijia

2016-10-01

A highly efficient photochromic hydrogel was successfully fabricated via casting precursor, which is based on amorphous tungsten oxide and poly (ethylene oxide)-block-poly (propylene oxide)-block-poly (ethylene oxide). Under simulated solar illumination, the hydrogel has a rapid and controlled temperature increasing ratio as its coloration degree. Localized electrons in the amorphous tungsten oxide play a vital role in absorption over a broad range of wavelengths from 400 nm to 1100 nm, encompassing the entire visible light and infrared regions in the solar spectrum. More importantly, the material exhibits sustainable released H2O2 induced by localized electrons, which has a synergistic effect with the rapid surface temperature increase. The amount of H2O2 released by each film can be tuned by the light irradiation, and the film coloration can indicate the degree of oxidative stress. The ability of the H2O2-releasing gels in vitro study was investigated to induce apoptosis in melanoma tumor cells and NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. The in vivo experimental results indicate that these gels have a greater healing effect than the control in the early stages of tumor formation.

Synergistic effect of sunlight induced photothermal conversion and H2O2 release based on hybridized tungsten oxide gel for cancer inhibition

PubMed Central

Wang, Cong; Gao, Yibo; Gao, Xinghua; Wang, Hua; Tian, Jingxuan; Wang, Li; Zhou, Bingpu; Ye, Ziran; Wan, Jun; Wen, Weijia

2016-01-01

A highly efficient photochromic hydrogel was successfully fabricated via casting precursor, which is based on amorphous tungsten oxide and poly (ethylene oxide)-block-poly (propylene oxide)-block-poly (ethylene oxide). Under simulated solar illumination, the hydrogel has a rapid and controlled temperature increasing ratio as its coloration degree. Localized electrons in the amorphous tungsten oxide play a vital role in absorption over a broad range of wavelengths from 400 nm to 1100 nm, encompassing the entire visible light and infrared regions in the solar spectrum. More importantly, the material exhibits sustainable released H2O2 induced by localized electrons, which has a synergistic effect with the rapid surface temperature increase. The amount of H2O2 released by each film can be tuned by the light irradiation, and the film coloration can indicate the degree of oxidative stress. The ability of the H2O2-releasing gels in vitro study was investigated to induce apoptosis in melanoma tumor cells and NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. The in vivo experimental results indicate that these gels have a greater healing effect than the control in the early stages of tumor formation. PMID:27775086

A smart drug: a pH-responsive photothermal ablation agent for Golgi apparatus activated cancer therapy.

PubMed

Xue, Fengfeng; Wen, Ying; Wei, Peng; Gao, Yilin; Zhou, Zhiguo; Xiao, Shuzhang; Yi, Tao

2017-06-13

We report a pH-responsive photothermal ablation agent (pH-PTT) based on cyanine dyes for photothermal therapy (PTT). The nanoparticles formed by BSA and pH-PTT preferentially accumulated in the Golgi apparatus of cancer cells compared to normal cells, and thus can be specifically activated by the acidic Golgi apparatus in cancer cells for effective PTT both ex vivo and in vivo.

Study of Exciton Hopping Transport in PbS Colloidal Quantum Dot Thin Films Using Frequency- and Temperature-Scanned Photocarrier Radiometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, Lilei; Mandelis, Andreas; Melnikov, Alexander; Lan, Xinzheng; Hoogland, Sjoerd; Sargent, Edward H.

2017-01-01

Solution-processed colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are promising materials for realizing low-cost, large-area, and flexible photovoltaic devices. The study of charge carrier transport in quantum dot solids is essential for understanding energy conversion mechanisms. Recently, solution-processed two-layer oleic-acid-capped PbS CQD solar cells with one layer treated with tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) serving as the main light-absorbing layer and the other treated with 1,2-ethanedithiol (EDT) acting as an electron-blocking/hole-extraction layer were reported. These solar cells demonstrated a significant improvement in power conversion efficiency of 8.55% and long-term air stability. Coupled with photocarrier radiometry measurements, this work used a new trap-state mediated exciton hopping transport model, specifically for CQD thin films, to unveil and quantify exciton transport mechanisms through the extraction of hopping transport parameters including exciton lifetimes, hopping diffusivity, exciton detrapping time, and trap-state density. It is shown that PbS-TBAI has higher trap-state density than PbS-EDT that results in higher PbS-EDT exciton lifetimes. Hopping diffusivities of both CQD thin film types show similar temperature dependence, particularly higher temperatures yield higher hopping diffusivity. The higher diffusivity of PbS-TBAI compared with PbS-EDT indicates that PbS-TBAI is a much better photovoltaic material than PbS-EDT. Furthermore, PCR temperature spectra and deep-level photothermal spectroscopy provided additional insights to CQD surface trap states: PbS-TBAI thin films exhibit a single dominant trap level, while PbS-EDT films with lower trap-state densities show multiple trap levels.

Studies on up/down-conversion emission of Yb3+ sensitized Er3+ doped MLa2(MoO4)4 (M = Ba, Sr and Ca) phosphors for thermometry and optical heating

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sinha, Shriya; Kumar, Kaushal

2018-01-01

The photoluminescence properties of Yb3+ sensitized Er3+ doped BaLa2(MoO4)4, SrLa2(MoO4)4 and CaLa2(MoO4)4 phosphors synthesized via hydrothermal method are investigated upon 980 nm and 380 nm light excitations. The phase, purity, and morphology of the samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Field emission scanning electron microscope. Among these three phosphors, the strongest emission intensity is seen in BaLa2(MoO4)4: Er3+/Yb3+ through both the 980 nm and 380 nm light excitations and is explained by the lifetime measurement of 4S3/2 level of Er3+ ion. Temperature sensing measurements were performed by using the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) of green emission bands originated from the two thermally coupled 2H11/2 → 4I15/2 and 4S3//2 → 4I15/2 transitions of Er3+ and maximum temperature sensitivity of 1.05% K-1 at 305 K is found for BLa2(MoO4)4: Er3+/Yb3+ sample. Moreover, the laser induced heating is measured in the samples and the maximum temperature of the sample particles is calculated as 422 K at 76 W/cm2 in BaLa2(MoO4)4: Er3+/Yb3+, pointing out large amount of heat generation in such phosphors. The BaLa2(MoO4)4: Er3+/Yb3+ also exhibits higher photothermal conversion efficiency of 46.7%.

Photo-thermal and cytotoxic properties of inkjet-printed copper sulfide films on biocompatible latex coated substrates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sarfraz, Jawad; Borzenkov, Mykola; Niemelä, Erik; Weinberger, Christian; Törngren, Björn; Rosqvist, Emil; Collini, Maddalena; Pallavicini, Piersandro; Eriksson, John; Peltonen, Jouko; Ihalainen, Petri; Chirico, Giuseppe

2018-03-01

Inkjet-printing of metal nanoparticles is a particularly promising technique for the fabrication and modification of surfaces with a multifunctional nature. Recently copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuS NPs) have attracted wide interest due to a range of valuable properties including long term stability, photo-thermal activity, ease of synthesis and low cost. In the present study, printed CuS patterns were successfully fabricated on latex coated paper substrates and characterized by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GID). The resulted patterns displayed pronounced photo-thermal effect under Near Infrared Irradiation (NIR) even with relatively low laser power. Finally, by utilizing an automated real-time imaging platform it was possible to verify that the CuS printed film was not cytotoxic to human dermal fibroblast cells (HDF). The pronounced photo-thermal properties and nontoxic nature of these printed low-cost flexible CuS films make them promising candidates for fabrication of devices with localized photo-thermal effect suitable for biomedical applications.

The application of hyaluronic acid-derivatized carbon nanotubes in hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether-based photodynamic therapy for in vivo and in vitro cancer treatment

PubMed Central

Shi, Jinjin; Ma, Rourou; Wang, Lei; Zhang, Jing; Liu, Ruiyuan; Li, Lulu; Liu, Yan; Hou, Lin; Yu, Xiaoyuan; Gao, Jun; Zhang, Zhenzhong

2013-01-01

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have shown great potential in both photothermal therapy and drug delivery. In this study, a CNT derivative, hyaluronic acid-derivatized CNTs (HA-CNTs) with high aqueous solubility, neutral pH, and tumor-targeting activity, were synthesized and characterized, and then a new photodynamic therapy agent, hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME), was adsorbed onto the functionalized CNTs to develop HMME-HA-CNTs. Tumor growth inhibition was investigated both in vivo and in vitro by a combination of photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy using HMME-HA-CNTs. The ability of HMME-HA-CNT nanoparticles to combine local specific photodynamic therapy with external near-infrared photothermal therapy significantly improved the therapeutic efficacy of cancer treatment. Compared with photodynamic therapy or photothermal therapy alone, the combined treatment demonstrated a synergistic effect, resulting in higher therapeutic efficacy without obvious toxic effects to normal organs. Overall, it was demonstrated that HMME-HA-CNTs could be successfully applied to photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy simultaneously in future tumor therapy. PMID:23843694

Laser welding of chitosan-GNRs films for the closure of a capsulorhexis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rossi, Francesca; Matteini, Paolo; Ratto, Fulvio; Menabuoni, Luca; Lenzetti, Ivo; Pini, Roberto

2011-03-01

In this work we present the first attempt to close the anterior lens capsule bag by the use of chitosan patches, where Gold Nanorods (GNRs) are embedded. GNRs exhibit intense localized plasmon resonances at optical frequencies in the near infrared (NIR): upon excitation with a NIR laser, a strong photothermal effect is produced, which can be exploited to develop minimally invasive therapies. Here we use the chitosan-GNRs films as a novel NIR sensitive nanocomposite for the photothermal conversion of NIR laser light during surgical interventions of tissue welding. Chitosan is an attractive biomaterial due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, antimicrobial and wound healing-promoting activity. Colloidal GNRs were embedded in chitosan based, highly stabilized, flexible and easy-to-handle films, which were stored in water until the time of surgery. In these preliminary tests, a capsulorhexis was performed in freshly enucleated porcine eyes. The lens was aspired, then the patch was put onto the capsule bag and welded: a diode laser (810 nm) was used to deliver single spots (200 μm core diameter optical fiber) of local capsule/patch adhesion. Then the bag was refilled with silicon oil. The result is an immediate closure of the capsular tissue, with high mechanical strength. The laser welded chitosan- GNRs films are an innovative and highly stable solution to be exploited for the treatment of capsular breaks and for the implementation of a lens refilling procedure.

Chitosan layered gold nanorods as synergistic therapeutics for photothermal ablation and gene silencing in triple-negative breast cancer.

PubMed

Yang, Zhizhou; Liu, Tengfei; Xie, Yan; Sun, Zhaorui; Liu, Hongmei; Lin, Jinfeng; Liu, Changjing; Mao, Zong-Wan; Nie, Shinan

2015-10-01

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are extensively studied due to their promising potential as therapeutic agents for a wide variety of diseases, including cancer. However, efficient delivery of siRNAs to target cells and tissues is problematic due to a lack of suitable delivery vehicles. In this work, we developed a layer-by-layer assembled chitosan-gold nanorods (Chit-Au NRs) siRNA delivery system to overcome biological barriers upon systemic injection. This platform was able to protect siRNAs form degradation upon exposure to ribonuclease (RNase) or serum. Confocal and intravital microscopy reveals that Chit-Au NRs/siRNAs are successfully delivered into target cells and tissue, and can efficiently escape from endosomal/lysosomal structures. Furthermore, Chit-Au NRs/siRNA were found to accumulate in high levels in tumor tissue. The delivery system was able to inhibit the oncogene expression (pyruvate kinase isozymeM2, PKM2) in MDA-MB-231 triple negative breast cancer cells, resulting in suppression of cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, the anticancer efficacy was further enhanced through NR-mediated photothermal ablation. In conclusion, the synergistic therapeutic properties of Chit-Au NRs/siRNA enable effective suppression of cancer growth. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapy has promising therapeutic applications, since the expression of any protein can be suppressed. However the successful implementation of siRNA has been challenging, due to rapid degradation, poor intracellular uptake and insufficient endosomal escape. Here, we have developed a gold nanorod/chitosan-based delivery vehicle for siRNA therapy. This platform successfully overcomes the afore-mentioned challenges and can simultaneously be used for photothermal therapy, due to the optical properties of gold nanorods. We show that the anticancer activity is dramatically improved by combining thermal therapy with gene silencing. Furthermore, the Au NRs carrier shows high accumulation in tumor tissue and high transfection efficiency. This manuscript has been reviewed and approved by all co-authors. The research has not been disclosed or published and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. We would appreciate if the manuscript could be reviewed and considered for publication in Acta BIOMATERIALIA. Copyright © 2015 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Gadolinium-Conjugated Gold Nanoshells for Multimodal Diagnostic Imaging and Photothermal Cancer Therapy

PubMed Central

Coughlin, Andrew J.; Ananta, Jeyarama S.; Deng, Nanfu; Larina, Irina V.; Decuzzi, Paolo

2014-01-01

Multimodal imaging offers the potential to improve diagnosis and enhance the specificity of photothermal cancer therapy. Toward this goal, we have engineered gadolinium-conjugated gold nanoshells and demonstrated that they enhance contrast for magnetic resonance imaging, X-Ray, optical coherence tomography, reflectance confocal microscopy, and two-photon luminescence. Additionally, these particles effectively convert near-infrared light to heat, which can be used to ablate cancer cells. Ultimately, these studies demonstrate the potential of gadolinium-nanoshells for image-guided photothermal ablation. PMID:24115690

Synthesis and Applications of Multimodal Hybrid Albumin Nanoparticles for Chemotherapeutic Drug Delivery and Photothermal Therapy Platforms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peralta, Donna V.

Progress has been made in using human serum albumin nanoparticles (HSAPs) as carrier systems for targeted treatment of cancer. Human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant human blood protein, can form HSAPs via a desolvation and crosslinking method, with the size of the HSAPs having crucial importance for drug loading and in vivo performance. Gold nanoparticles have also gained medicinal attention due to their ability to absorb near-infrared (NIR) light. These relatively non-toxic particles offer combinational therapy via imaging and photothermal therapy (PPTT) capabilities. A desolvation and crosslinking approach was employed to encapsulate gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), hollow gold nanoshells (AuNSs), and gold nanorods (AuNRs), into efficiently sized HSAPs for future tumor heat ablation via PPTT. The AuNR-HSAPs, AuNP-HSAPs and AuNS-HSAPs had average particle diameters of 222 +/- 5, 195 +/- 9 and 156 +/- 15, respectively. We simultaneously encapsulated AuNRs and the anticancer drug paclitaxel (PAC), forming PAC-AuNR-HSAPs with overall average particle size of 299 +/- 6 nm. Loading of paclitaxel into PAC-AuNR-HSAPs reached 3microg PAC/mg HSA. PAC-AuNR-HSAPs experienced photothermal heating of 46 °C after 15 minutes of NIR laser exposure; the temperature necessary to cause severe cellular hyperthermia. There was a burst release of paclitaxel up to 188 ng caused by the irradiation session, followed by a temporal drug release. AuNR-HSAPs were tested for ablation of renal cell carcinoma using NIR irradiation in vitro. Particles created with the same amount of AuNRs, but varying HSA (1, 5 or 20 mg) showed overall particle size diameters 409 +/- 224, 294 +/- 83 and 167 +/- 4 nm, respectively. Increasing HSAPs causes more toxicity under non-irradiated treatment conditions: AuNR-HSAPs with 20 mg versus 5 mg HSA caused cell viability of 64.5% versus 87%, respectively. All AuNR-HSAPs batches experienced photothermal heating above 42 °C. Coumarin-6, was used to visualize the cellular uptake of AuNR-HSAPs via fluorescence microscopy. Finally, camptothecin (CPT) an antineoplastic agent and BACPT (7-butyl-10-aminocamptothecin) were loaded into HSAPs to combat their aqueous insolubility. BACPT-HSAPs loaded up to 5.25 micrograms BACPT/ mg of HSA. CPT encapsulation could not be determined. BACPT-HSAPs and CPT-HSAPs showed cytotoxicity to human sarcoma cells in vitro. Key words: Hybrid Nanoparticles, Photothermal Therapy, Gold Nanomaterials, Drug Delivery, Combinational Cancer Therapies, Materials, Human Serum Albumin, Colloidal Carriers.

Platinum nanoparticles: a non-toxic, effective and thermally stable alternative plasmonic material for cancer therapy and bioengineering.

PubMed

Samadi, Akbar; Klingberg, Henrik; Jauffred, Liselotte; Kjær, Andreas; Bendix, Poul Martin; Oddershede, Lene B

2018-05-17

Absorption of near infrared (NIR) light by metallic nanoparticles can cause extreme heating and is of interest for instance in cancer treatment since NIR light has a relatively large penetration depth into biological tissue. Here, we quantify the extraordinary thermoplasmonic properties of platinum nanoparticles and demonstrate their efficiency in photothermal cancer therapy. Although platinum nanoparticles are extensively used for catalysis, they are much overlooked in a biological context. Via direct measurements based on a biological matrix we show that individual irradiated platinum nanoparticles with diameters of 50-70 nm can easily reach surface temperatures up to 900 K. In contrast to gold nanoshells, which are often used for photothermal purposes, we demonstrate that the platinum particles remain stable at these extreme temperatures. The experiments are paralleled by finite element modeling confirming the experimental results and establishing a theoretical understanding of the particles' thermoplasmonic properties. At extreme temperatures it is likely that a vapor layer will form around the plasmonic particle, and we show this scenario to be consistent with direct measurements and simulations. Viability studies demonstrate that platinum nanoparticles themselves are non-toxic at therapeutically relevant concentrations, however, upon laser irradiation we show that they efficiently kill human cancer cells. Therefore, platinum nanoparticles are highly promising candidates for thermoplasmonic applications in the life sciences, in nano-medicine, and for bio-medical engineering.

Phospholipid micelle-based magneto-plasmonic nanoformulation for magnetic field-directed, imaging-guided photo-induced cancer therapy.

PubMed

Ohulchanskyy, Tymish Y; Kopwitthaya, Atcha; Jeon, Mansik; Guo, Moran; Law, Wing-Cheung; Furlani, Edward P; Kim, Chulhong; Prasad, Paras N

2013-11-01

We present a magnetoplasmonic nanoplatform combining gold nanorods (GNR) and iron-oxide nanoparticles within phospholipid-based polymeric nanomicelles (PGRFe). The gold nanorods exhibit plasmon resonance absorbance at near infrared wavelengths to enable photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy, while the Fe3O4 nanoparticles enable magnetophoretic control of the nanoformulation. The fabricated nanoformulation can be directed and concentrated by an external magnetic field, which provides enhancement of a photoacoustic signal. Application of an external field also leads to enhanced uptake of the magnetoplasmonic formulation by cancer cells in vitro. Under laser irradiation at the wavelength of the GNR absorption peak, the PGRFe formulation efficiently generates plasmonic nanobubbles within cancer cells, as visualized by confocal microscopy, causing cell destruction. The combined magnetic and plasmonic functionalities of the nanoplatform enable magnetic field-directed, imaging-guided, enhanced photo-induced cancer therapy. In this study, a nano-formulation of gold nanorods and iron oxide nanoparticles is presented using a phospholipid micelle-based delivery system for magnetic field-directed and imaging-guided photo-induced cancer therapy. The gold nanorods enable photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy, while the Fe3O4 nanoparticles enable magnetophoretic control of the formulation. This and similar systems could enable more precise and efficient cancer therapy, hopefully in the near future, after additional testing. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Cancer Theranostics with Near-Infrared Light-Activatable Multimodal Nanoparticles

PubMed Central

Melancon, Marites P.; Zhou, Min; Li, Chun

2011-01-01

CONSPECTUS Nanomaterials that interact with light provide a unique opportunity for biophotonic nanomedicine. Multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) that have strong and tunable surface plasmon resonance absorption in the near-infrared region combined with visibility with multiple imaging modalities (magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear imaging, and photoacoustic imaging) have great potential in image-guided therapies. These novel nanostructures, once introduced, are expected to home to solid tumors via the enhanced permeability and retention effect (a passive targeting mechanism) or via targeting ligands bound to their surfaces (an active targeting mechanism). The primary mode of action for photothermal conducting NPs is to convert photoenergy into heat, causing temperature in the treatment volume to be elevated above the thermal damage threshold, which results in irreversible cell killing. It is now recognized that this process, termed photothermal ablation therapy or PTA, although very effective, is unlikely to kill all tumor cells when used alone. In addition to PTA, photothermal conducting NPs can also efficiently trigger drug release and activate RNA interference. Such a multimodal approach, which permits simultaneous PTA therapy, chemotherapy, and therapeutic RNA interference, should provide an opportunity for complete eradication of residual disease. In this Account, we provide an up-to-date review of the synthesis and characterization, functionalization, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of NIR light-activatable multifunctional nanostructures used for imaging and therapy, with an emphasis on hollow gold nanospheres, magnetic core–shell gold nanoshells, and semiconductor copper monosulfide NPs. We discuss three types novel drug delivery systems in which hollow gold nanospheres are used to mediate controlled drug release. PMID:21848277

New approaches to photothermal spectroscopy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Amer, N.M.

1984-02-01

In recent years, the small rise in temperature associated with the absorption of light has provided the basis for a new class of spectrotroscopy which can be loosely called photothermal spectroscopy. Until recently, the more familiar member of this family has been photoacoustic spectroscopy where the optical heating is converted into sound and is detected with a suitable transducer. Although this approach has proven to be useful, the ultimate sensitivity of photoacoustics can be limited by the scattering of light on the transducer. Furthermore, in the case of experiments requiring a wide range of temperatures and pressures, or involving hostilemore » environment, both microphone and piezoelectric photoacoustic detections cannot be employed. To overcome these limitations the optical heating has to be exploited in different ways. The principles of photothermal deflection spectroscopy and photothermal displacement spectroscopy are described.« less

Measurement of the aerosol absorption coefficient with the nonequilibrium process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Liang; Li, Jingxuan; Bai, Hailong; Li, Baosheng; Liu, Shanlin; Zhang, Yang

2018-02-01

On the basis of the conventional Jamin interferometer,the improved measuring method is proposed that using a polarization type reentrant Jamin interferometer measures atmospheric aerosol absorption coefficient under the photothermal effect.The paper studies the relationship between the absorption coefficient of atmospheric aerosol particles and the refractive index change of the atmosphere.In Matlab environment, the variation curves of the output voltage of the interferometer with different concentration aerosol samples under stimulated laser irradiation were plotted.Besides, the paper also studies the relationship between aerosol concentration and the time required for the photothermal effect to reach equilibrium.When using the photothermal interferometry the results show that the time required for the photothermal effect to reach equilibrium is also increasing with the increasing concentration of aerosol particles,the absorption coefficient and time of aerosol in the process of nonequilibrium are exponentially changing.

Artesunate-modified nano-graphene oxide for chemo-photothermal cancer therapy

PubMed Central

Pang, Yilin; Mai, Zihao; Wang, Bin; Wang, Lu; Wu, Liping; Wang, Xiaoping; Chen, Tongsheng

2017-01-01

Poor water-solubility of artesunate (ARS) hampers its clinical application. We here covalently linked ARS to PEGylated nanographene oxide (nGO-PEG) to obtain ARS-modified nGO-PEG (nGO-PEG-ARS) with excellent photothermal effect and dispersibility in physiological environment. nGO-PEG-ARS induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxynitrite (ONOO─) generations. Although nGO-PEG with near-infrared (NIR) irradiation did not induce cytotoxicity, the photothermal effect of nGO-PEG under NIR irradiation enhanced not only cell uptake but also ONOO─ generation of nGO-PEG-ARS, resulting in the synergistic chemo-photothermal effect of nGO-PEG-ARS in killing HepG2 cells. Pretreatment with Fe(III) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrinato chloride (FeTTPS, a ONOO─ scavenger) instead of antioxidant N-Acetyle-Cysteine (NAC, an ROS scavenger) significantly blocked the cytotoxicity of nGO-PEG-ARS with or without NIR irradiation, demonstrating that ONOO─ instead of ROS dominated the synergistic chemo-photothermal anti-cancer action of nGO-PEG-ARS. nGO-PEG-ARS with NIR irradiation resulted in a complete tumor cure within 15 days earlier than other treatment groups, and did not induce apparent histological lesion for the mice treated with nGO-PEG-ARS with or without NIR irradiation for 30 days, further proving the synergistic chemo-photothermal anti-cancer effect of nGO-PEG-ARS. Collectively, nGO-PEG-ARS is a versatile nano-platform for multi-modal synergistic cancer therapy. PMID:29212190

Nonlinear photothermal mid-infrared spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Totachawattana, Atcha; Erramilli, Shyamsunder; Sander, Michelle Y.

2016-10-01

Mid-infrared photothermal spectroscopy is a pump-probe technique for label-free and non-destructive sample characterization by targeting intrinsic vibrational modes. In this method, the mid-infrared pump beam excites a temperature-induced change in the refractive index of the sample. This laser-induced change in the refractive index is measured by a near-infrared probe laser using lock-in detection. At increased pump powers, emerging nonlinear phenomena not previously demonstrated in other mid-infrared techniques are observed. Nonlinear study of a 6 μm-thick 4-Octyl-4'-Cyanobiphenyl (8CB) liquid crystal sample is conducted by targeting the C=C stretching band at 1606 cm-1. At high pump powers, nonlinear signal enhancement and multiple pitchfork bifurcations of the spectral features are observed. An explanation of the nonlinear peak splitting is provided by the formation of bubbles in the sample at high pump powers. The discontinuous refractive index across the bubble interface results in a decrease in the forward scatter of the probe beam. This effect can be recorded as a bifurcation of the absorption peak in the photothermal spectrum. These nonlinear effects are not present in direct measurements of the mid-infrared beam. Evolution of the nonlinear photothermal spectrum of 8CB liquid crystal with increasing pump power shows enhancement of the absorption peak at 1606 cm-1. Multiple pitchfork bifurcations and spectral narrowing of the photothermal spectrum are demonstrated. This novel nonlinear regime presents potential for improved spectral resolution as well as a new regime for sample characterization in mid-infrared photothermal spectroscopy.

Biodegradable and Multifunctional Polymer Micro-Tubes for Targeting Photothermal Therapy

PubMed Central

Wang, Xin; Yu, Guoping; Han, Xiyu; Zhang, Hua; Ren, Jing; Wu, Xia; Qu, Yanfeng

2014-01-01

We describe an innovative form of polymer micro-tubes with diverse functions including biodegradation, magnetic manipulation, and photothermal effect that employs and activates photothermal therapy to target cancer cells. The micro-tube comprised soybean protein isolate, poly-l-glutamic acid, magnetite nanoparticles, plus gold nanoparticles. Through electrostatic force, these components, with opposite charges, formed pairs of layers in the pores of the template, various bilayers of soybean protein isolate and poly-l-glutamic acid served as the biodegradable building wall to each micro-tube. The layers of magnetite nanoparticle functionalized micro-tubes enabled the micro-tube manipulate to target the cancer cells by using an external magnetic field. The photo-thermal effect of the layer of gold nanoparticles on the outer surface of the micro-tubes, when under irradiation and when brought about by the near infrared radiation, elevated each sample’s temperature. In addition, and when under the exposure of the near infrared radiation, the elevated temperature of the suspension of the micro-tubes, likewise with a concentration of 0.2 mg/mL, and similarly with a power of 2 W and as well maintained for 10 min, elevated the temperature of the suspension beyond 42 °C. Such temperatures induced apoptosis of target cancer cells through the effect of photothermal therapy. The findings assert that structured micro-tubes have a promising application as a photothermal agent. From this assertion, the implications are that this multifunctional agent will significantly improve the methodology for cancer diagnosis and therapy. PMID:24992593

[Theragnostic approaches using gold nanorods and near infrared light].

PubMed

Niidome, Takuro; Shiotani, Atsushi; Akiyama, Yasuyuki; Ohga, Akira; Nose, Keisuke; Pissuwan, Dakrong; Niidome, Yasuro

2010-12-01

Gold nanoparticles have unique optical properties such as surface-plasmon and photothermal effects. Such properties have resulted in gold nanoparticles having several clinical applications. Gold nanorods (which are rod-shaped gold nanoparticles) show a surface plasmon band in the near-infrared region. They have therefore been proposed as contrast agents for bioimaging, or as heating devices for photothermal therapy. Polyethylene glycol-modified gold nanorods systemically administrated into mice can be detected with integrating sphere, and the stability of the gold nanorods in blood flow evaluated. After intravenous injection of gold nanorods followed by near-infrared laser irradiation, significant tumor damage triggered by the photothermal effect was observed. To deliver gold nanorods to the target tissue, thermosensitive polymer gel-coated gold nanorods were prepared. After intravenous injection of the gel-modified gold nanorods and irradiation of the tumor, a larger amount of gold was detected in the irradiated tumor than in the non-irradiated tumor. This effect is due to the hydrophobic interaction between the cellular membrane or the extracellular matrix and the gel surfaces induced by the photothermal effect. Furthermore, the photothermal effect enhanced the permeability of the stratum corneum of the skin. As a result of treatment of the skin with ovalbumin and gold nanorods followed by near-infrared light irradiation, a significant amount of protein was detected in the skin. The gold nanorods therefore showed several functions as a photothermal nanodevice for bioimaging, thermal therapy, and a drug delivery system.

Copper interstitial recombination centers in Cu3N

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yee, Ye Sheng; Inoue, Hisashi; Hultqvist, Adam; Hanifi, David; Salleo, Alberto; Magyari-Köpe, Blanka; Nishi, Yoshio; Bent, Stacey F.; Clemens, Bruce M.

2018-06-01

We present a comprehensive study of the earth-abundant semiconductor Cu3N as a potential solar energy conversion material, using density functional theory and experimental methods. Density functional theory indicates that among the dominant intrinsic point defects, copper vacancies VCu have shallow defect levels while copper interstitials Cui behave as deep potential wells in the conduction band, which mediate Shockley-Read-Hall recombination. The existence of Cui defects has been experimentally verified using photothermal deflection spectroscopy. A Cu3N /ZnS heterojunction diode with good current-voltage rectification behavior has been demonstrated experimentally, but no photocurrent is generated under illumination. The absence of photocurrent can be explained by a large concentration of Cui recombination centers capturing electrons in p -type Cu3N .

Fabrication and optical property of metal nanowire arrays embedded in anodic porous alumina membrane

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Takase, Kouichi; Shimizu, Tomohiro; Sugawa, Kosuke; Aono, Takashige; Shirai, Yuma; Nishida, Tomohiko; Shingubara, Shoso

2016-06-01

Nanowires embedded in nanopores are potentially tough against surface scraping and agglomeration. In this study, we have fabricated Au and Ni nanowires embedded into anodic porous alumina (APA) and investigated their reflectance to study the effects of surface plasmon absorption properties and conversion from solar energy to thermal energy. Au nanowires embedded into APA show typical gold surface plasmon absorption at approximately 530 nm. On the other hand, Ni nanowires show quite a low reflectance under 600 nm. In the temperature elevation test, both Au and Ni nanowire samples present the same capability to warm up water. It means that Ni nanowires embedded into APA have almost the same photothermal activity as Au nanowires.

DNA nanotechnology-based composite-type gold nanoparticle-immunostimulatory DNA hydrogel for tumor photothermal immunotherapy.

PubMed

Yata, Tomoya; Takahashi, Yuki; Tan, Mengmeng; Nakatsuji, Hirotaka; Ohtsuki, Shozo; Murakami, Tatsuya; Imahori, Hiroshi; Umeki, Yuka; Shiomi, Tomoki; Takakura, Yoshinobu; Nishikawa, Makiya

2017-11-01

Success of tumor photothermal immunotherapy requires a system that induces heat stress in cancer cells and enhances strong anti-tumor immune responses. Here, we designed a composite-type immunostimulatory DNA hydrogel consisting of a hexapod-like structured DNA (hexapodna) with CpG sequences and gold nanoparticles. Mixing of the properly designed hexapodna and oligodeoxynucleotide-modified gold nanoparticles resulted in the formation of composite-type gold nanoparticle-DNA hydrogels. Laser irradiation of the hydrogel resulted in the release of hexapodna, which efficiently stimulated immune cells to release proinflammatory cytokines. Then, EG7-OVA tumor-bearing mice received an intratumoral injection of a gold nanoparticle-DNA hydrogel, followed by laser irradiation at 780 nm. This treatment increased the local temperature and the mRNA expression of heat shock protein 70 in the tumor tissue, increased tumor-associated antigen-specific IgG levels in the serum, and induced tumor-associated antigen-specific interferon-γ production from splenocytes. Moreover, the treatment significantly retarded the tumor growth and extended the survival of the tumor-bearing mice. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Highly versatile SPION encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles as photothermal ablators of cancer cells and as multimodal imaging agents.

PubMed

Sivakumar, Balasubramanian; Aswathy, Ravindran Girija; Romero-Aburto, Rebeca; Mitcham, Trevor; Mitchel, Keith A; Nagaoka, Yutaka; Bouchard, Richard R; Ajayan, Pulickel M; Maekawa, Toru; Sakthikumar, Dasappan Nair

2017-02-28

We have designed versatile polymeric nanoparticles with cancer cell specific targeting capabilities via aptamer conjugation after the successful encapsulation of curcumin and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) inside a PLGA nanocapsule. These targeted nanocomposites were selectively taken up by tumor cells, under in vitro conditions, demonstrating the effectiveness of the aptamer targeting mechanism. Moreover, the nanocomposite potentially functioned as efficient multiprobes for optical, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and photoacoustic imaging contrast agents in the field of cancer diagnostics. The hyperthermic ability of these nanocomposites was mediated by SPIONs upon NIR-laser irradiation. In vitro cytotoxicity was shown by curcumin-loaded nanoparticles as well as the photothermal ablation of cancer cells mediated by the drug-encapsulated nanocomposite demonstrated the potential therapeutic effect of the nanocomposite. In short, we portray the aptamer-conjugated nanocomposite as a multimodal material capable of serving as a contrast agent for MR, photoacoustic and optical imaging. Furthermore, the nanocomposite functions as a targetable drug nanocarrier and a NIR-laser inducible hyperthermic material that is capable of ablating PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cancer cell lines.

Self-Assembly of Semiconducting-Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticles with Enhanced Optical Property for Photoacoustic Imaging and Photothermal Therapy

PubMed Central

Yang, Zhen; Song, Jibin; Dai, Yunlu; Chen, Jingyi; Wang, Feng; Lin, Lisen; Liu, Yijing; Zhang, Fuwu; Yu, Guocan; Zhou, Zijian; Fan, Wenpei; Huang, Wei; Fan, Quli; Chen, Xiaoyuan

2017-01-01

Although various noble metal and semiconducting molecules have been developed as photoacoustic (PA) agents, the use of semiconducting polymer-metal nanoparticle hybrid materials to enhance PA signal has not been explored. A novel semiconducting-plasmonic nanovesicle was fabricated by self-assembly of semiconducting poly(perylene diimide) (PPDI) and poly(ethylene glycol (PEG) tethered gold nanoparticles (Au@PPDI/PEG). A highly localized and strongly enhanced electromagnetic (EM) field is distributed between adjacent gold nanoparticles in the vesicular shell, where the absorbing collapsed PPDI is present. Significantly, the EM field in turn enhances the light absorption efficiency of PPDI, leading to a much greater photothermal effect and a stronger photoacoustic signal compared to PDI nanoparticle or gold nanovesicle alone. The optical property of the hybrid vesicle can be further tailored by controlling the ratio of PPDI and gold nanoparticle as well as the adjustable interparticle distance of gold nanoparticles localized in the vesicular shell. In vivo imaging and therapeutic evaluation demonstrated that the hybrid vesicle is an excellent probe for cancer theranostics. PMID:28740543

Indocyanine Green-Loaded Polydopamine-Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites with Amplifying Photoacoustic and Photothermal Effects for Cancer Theranostics.

PubMed

Hu, Dehong; Zhang, Jingnan; Gao, Guanhui; Sheng, Zonghai; Cui, Haodong; Cai, Lintao

2016-01-01

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging and photothermal therapy (PTT) as light-induced theranostic platforms have been attracted much attention in recent years. However, the development of highly efficient and integrated phototheranostic nanoagents for amplifying PA imaging and PTT treatments poses great challenges. Here, we report a novel phototheranostic nanoagent using indocyanine green-loaded polydopamine-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites (ICG-PDA-rGO) with amplifying PA and PTT effects for cancer theranostics. The results demonstrate that the PDA layer coating on the surface of rGO could effectively absorb a large number of ICG molecules, quench ICG's fluorescence, and enhance the PDA-rGO's optical absorption at 780 nm. The obtained ICG-PDA-rGO exhibits stronger PTT effect and higher PA contrast than that of pure GO and PDA-rGO. After PA imaging-guided PTT treatments, the tumors in 4T1 breast subcutaneous and orthotopic mice models are suppressed completely and no treatment-induced toxicity being observed. It illustrates that the ICG-PDA-rGO nanocomposites constitute a new class of theranostic nanomedicine for amplifying PA imaging and PTT treatments.

Self-Assembly of Semiconducting-Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticles with Enhanced Optical Property for Photoacoustic Imaging and Photothermal Therapy.

PubMed

Yang, Zhen; Song, Jibin; Dai, Yunlu; Chen, Jingyi; Wang, Feng; Lin, Lisen; Liu, Yijing; Zhang, Fuwu; Yu, Guocan; Zhou, Zijian; Fan, Wenpei; Huang, Wei; Fan, Quli; Chen, Xiaoyuan

2017-01-01

Although various noble metal and semiconducting molecules have been developed as photoacoustic (PA) agents, the use of semiconducting polymer-metal nanoparticle hybrid materials to enhance PA signal has not been explored. A novel semiconducting-plasmonic nanovesicle was fabricated by self-assembly of semiconducting poly(perylene diimide) (PPDI) and poly(ethylene glycol (PEG) tethered gold nanoparticles (Au@PPDI/PEG). A highly localized and strongly enhanced electromagnetic (EM) field is distributed between adjacent gold nanoparticles in the vesicular shell, where the absorbing collapsed PPDI is present. Significantly, the EM field in turn enhances the light absorption efficiency of PPDI, leading to a much greater photothermal effect and a stronger photoacoustic signal compared to PDI nanoparticle or gold nanovesicle alone. The optical property of the hybrid vesicle can be further tailored by controlling the ratio of PPDI and gold nanoparticle as well as the adjustable interparticle distance of gold nanoparticles localized in the vesicular shell. In vivo imaging and therapeutic evaluation demonstrated that the hybrid vesicle is an excellent probe for cancer theranostics.

Solar Photothermal Disinfection using Broadband-Light Absorbing Gold Nanoparticles and Carbon Black.

PubMed

Loeb, Stephanie; Li, Chuanhao; Kim, Jae-Hong

2018-01-02

A simple heat treatment, perhaps the most globally recognized point-of-use water sterilization method, is seemingly effective against all major pathogens of concern, but bulk water boiling is not energy efficient or sustainable. Herein, we present the first application of solar-to-thermal converting nanomaterials for the direct inactivation of bacteria and viruses in drinking water through the application of Au nanorods, carbon black, and Au nanorod-carbon black composite materials as light absorbers. With broad absorption bands spanning the visible and near-infrared wavelengths, at sufficient concentrations, these nanoparticles induce multiple scattering events, increasing photon absorption probability and concentrating the light within a small spatial domain, leading to localized, intense heating that inactivates microorganisms in close proximity. Moving toward practical device design, we have developed a facile silane immobilization approach to fabricate films with densely packed layers of photothermal nanomaterials. Our results suggest that upon irraditaion with simulated solar light, these films can thermally inactivate bacteria and viruses, as demonstrated through the inactivation of surrogate organisms Escherichia coli K-12, and bacteriophages MS2 and PR772.

Digital micromirror based near-infrared illumination system for plasmonic photothermal neuromodulation

PubMed Central

Jung, Hyunjun; Kang, Hongki; Nam, Yoonkey

2017-01-01

Light-mediated neuromodulation techniques provide great advantages to investigate neuroscience due to its high spatial and temporal resolution. To generate a spatial pattern of neural activity, it is necessary to develop a system for patterned-light illumination to a specific area. Digital micromirror device (DMD) based patterned illumination system have been used for neuromodulation due to its simple configuration and design flexibility. In this paper, we developed a patterned near-infrared (NIR) illumination system for region specific photothermal manipulation of neural activity using NIR-sensitive plasmonic gold nanorods (GNRs). The proposed system had high power transmission efficiency for delivering power density up to 19 W/mm2. We used a GNR-coated microelectrode array (MEA) to perform biological experiments using E18 rat hippocampal neurons and showed that it was possible to inhibit neural spiking activity of specific area in neural circuits with the patterned NIR illumination. This patterned NIR illumination system can serve as a promising neuromodulation tool to investigate neuroscience in a wide range of physiological and clinical applications. PMID:28663912

Development of ex vivo model for determining temperature distribution in tumor tissue during photothermal therapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Shaojie; Doughty, Austin; Mesiya, Sana; Pettitt, Alex; Zhou, Feifan; Chen, Wei R.

2017-02-01

Temperature distribution in tissue is a crucial factor in determining the outcome of photothermal therapy in cancer treatment. In order to investigate the temperature distribution in tumor tissue during laser irradiation, we developed a novel ex vivo device to simulate the photothermal therapy on tumors. A 35°C, a thermostatic incubator was used to provide a simulation environment for body temperature of live animals. Different biological tissues (chicken breast and bovine liver) were buried inside a tissue-simulating gel and considered as tumor tissues. An 805-nm laser was used to irradiate the target tissue. A fiber with an interstitial cylindrical diffuser (10 mm) was directly inserted in the center of the tissue, and the needle probes of a thermocouple were inserted into the tissue paralleling the laser fiber at different distances to measure the temperature distribution. All of the procedures were performed in the incubator. Based on the results of this study, the temperature distribution in bovine liver is similar to that of tumor tissue under photothermal therapy with the same doses. Therefore, the developed model using bovine liver for determining temperature distribution can be used during interstitial photothermal therapy.

Magnetic resonance thermometry for monitoring photothermal effects of interstitial laser irradiation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goddard, Jessica; Jose, Jessnie; Figueroa, Daniel; Le, Kelvin; Liu, Hong; Nordquist, Robert E.; Hode, Tomas; Chen, Wei R.

2012-03-01

Selective photothermal interaction using dye-assisted non-invasive laser irradiation has limitations when treating deeper tumors or when the overlying skin is heavily pigmented. We developed an interstitial laser irradiation method to induce the desired photothermal effects. An 805-nm near-infrared laser with a cylindrical diffuser was used to treat rat mammary tumors by placing the active tip of the fiber inside the target tumors. Three different power settings (1.0 to 1.5 watts) were applied to treat animal tumors with an irradiation duration of 10 minutes. The temperature distributions of the treated tumors were measured by a 7.1-Tesla magnetic resonance imager using proton resonance frequency (PRF) method. Three-dimensional temperature profiles were reconstructed and assessed using PRF. This is the first time a 7.1-Tesla magnetic resonance imager has been used to monitor interstitial laser irradiation via PRF. This study provides a basic understanding of the photothermal interaction needed to control the thermal damage inside tumor using interstitial laser irradiation. It also shows that PRF can be used effectively in monitoring photothermal interaction. Our long-term goal is to develop a PRF-guided laser therapy for cancer treatment.

Energy Efficient Glazing for Adaptive Solar Control Fabricated with Photothermotropic Hydrogels Containing Graphene Oxide

PubMed Central

Kim, Dowan; Lee, Eunsu; Lee, Heon Sang; Yoon, Jinhwan

2015-01-01

Glazing for adaptive solar control is the most promising for energy efficient development, because the use of this technology in buildings can be expected to significantly impact energy use and efficiency by screening sunlight that enters a building in summer. To achieve autonomous adjustable transparency, we have developed photothermotropic material system by combining photothermal materials with thermotropic hydrogels. We found that graphene oxide dispersed within a hydrogel matrix effectively converts the photo energy of sunlight into thermal energy, providing the efficient means to trigger transparency of thermotropic hydrogels. Therefore, we could develop switchable glazing of novel photothermotropic mechanism that screen strong sunlight and heat radiation in response to the sunlight intensity, as well as the temperature. Furthermore, in this study, a prototype device was manufactured with developed materials and successfully operated in outdoor testing. PMID:25561372

Atomic oxygen damage characterization by photothermal scanning

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, A. W.; Wood, N. J.; Zakaria, A. B.

1993-01-01

In this paper we use a photothermal imaging technique to characterize the damage caused to an imperfectly coated gold-coated Kapton sample exposed to successively increased fluences of atomic oxygen in a laboratory atomic source.

Utilizing dynamic laser speckle to probe nanoscale morphology evolution in nanoporous gold thin films

DOE PAGES

Chapman, Christopher A. R.; Ly, Sonny; Wang, Ling; ...

2016-03-02

Here we show the use of dynamic laser speckle autocorrelation spectroscopy in conjunction with the photothermal treatment of nanoporous gold (np-Au) thin films to probe nanoscale morphology changes during the photothermal treatment. Utilizing this spectroscopy method, backscattered speckle from the incident laser is tracked during photothermal treatment and both the characteristic feature size and annealing time of the film are determined. These results demonstrate that this method can successfully be used to monitor laser-based surface modification processes without the use of ex-situ characterization.

Utilizing dynamic laser speckle to probe nanoscale morphology evolution in nanoporous gold thin films

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chapman, Christopher A. R.; Ly, Sonny; Wang, Ling

Here we show the use of dynamic laser speckle autocorrelation spectroscopy in conjunction with the photothermal treatment of nanoporous gold (np-Au) thin films to probe nanoscale morphology changes during the photothermal treatment. Utilizing this spectroscopy method, backscattered speckle from the incident laser is tracked during photothermal treatment and both the characteristic feature size and annealing time of the film are determined. These results demonstrate that this method can successfully be used to monitor laser-based surface modification processes without the use of ex-situ characterization.

The Most Effective Gold Nanorod Size for Plasmonic Photothermal Therapy: Theory and In Vitro Experiments

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

The development of new and improved photothermal contrast agents for the successful treatment of cancer (or other diseases) via plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) is a crucial part of the application of nanotechnology in medicine. Gold nanorods (AuNRs) have been found to be the most effective photothermal contrast agents, both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, determining the optimum AuNR size needed for applications in PPTT is of great interest. In the present work, we utilized theoretical calculations as well as experimental techniques in vitro to determine this optimum AuNR size by comparing plasmonic properties and the efficacy as photothermal contrast agents of three different sizes of AuNRs. Our theoretical calculations showed that the contribution of absorbance to the total extinction, the electric field, and the distance at which this field extends away from the nanoparticle surface all govern the effectiveness of the amount of heat these particles generate upon NIR laser irradiation. Comparing between three different AuNRs (38 × 11, 28 × 8, and 17 × 5 nm), we determined that the 28 × 8 nm AuNR is the most effective in plasmonic photothermal heat generation. These results encouraged us to carry out in vitro experiments to compare the PPTT efficacy of the different sized AuNRs. The 28 × 8 nm AuNR was found to be the most effective photothermal contrast agent for PPTT of human oral squamous cell carcinoma. This size AuNR has the best compromise between the total amount of light absorbed and the fraction of which is converted to heat. In addition, the distance at which the electric field extends from the particle surface is most ideal for this size AuNR, as it is sufficient to allow for coupling between the fields of adjacent particles in solution (i.e., particle aggregates), resulting in effective heating in solution. PMID:24433049

Band Excitation Kelvin probe force microscopy utilizing photothermal excitation

DOE PAGES

Collins, Liam; Jesse, Stephen; Balke, Nina; ...

2015-03-13

A multifrequency open loop Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) approach utilizing photothermal as opposed to electrical excitation is developed. Photothermal band excitation (PthBE)-KPFM is implemented here in a grid mode on a model test sample comprising a metal-insulator junction with local charge-patterned regions. Unlike the previously described open loop BE-KPFM, which relies on capacitive actuation of the cantilever, photothermal actuation is shown to be highly sensitive to the electrostatic force gradient even at biases close to the contact potential difference (CPD). PthBE-KPFM is further shown to provide a more localized measurement of true CPD in comparison to the gold standardmore » ambient KPFM approach, amplitude modulated KPFM. In conclusion, PthBE-KPFM data contain information relating to local dielectric properties and electronic dissipation between tip and sample unattainable using conventional single frequency KPFM approaches.« less

Transient photothermal spectra of plasmonic nanobubbles.

PubMed

Lukianova-Hleb, Ekaterina Y; Sassaroli, Elisabetta; Jones, Alicia; Lapotko, Dmitri O

2012-03-13

The photothermal efficacy of near-infrared gold nanoparticles (NP), nanoshells, and nanorods was studied under pulsed high-energy optical excitation in plasmonic nanobubble (PNB) mode as a function of the wavelength and duration of the excitation laser pulse. PNBs, transient vapor nanobubbles, were generated around individual and clustered overheated NPs in water and living cells. Transient PNBs showed two photothermal features not previously observed for NPs: the narrowing of the spectral peaks to 1 nm and the strong dependence of the photothermal efficacy upon the duration of the laser pulse. Narrow red-shifted (relative to those of NPs) near-infrared spectral peaks were observed for 70 ps excitation laser pulses, while longer sub- and nanosecond pulses completely suppressed near-infrared peaks and blue shifted the PNB generation to the visual range. Thus, PNBs can provide superior spectral selectivity over gold NPs under specific optical excitation conditions.

Fucoidan-coated CuS nanoparticles for chemo-and photothermal therapy against cancer

PubMed Central

Jang, Bian; Moorthy, Madhappan Santha; Manivasagan, Panchanathan; Xu, Li; Song, Kyeongeun; Lee, Kang Dae; Kwak, Minseok; Oh, Junghwan; Jin, Jun-O

2018-01-01

In advanced cancer therapy, the combinational therapeutic effect of photothermal therapy (PTT) using near-infrared (NIR) light-responsive nanoparticles (NPs) and anti-cancer drug delivery-mediated chemotherapy has been widely applied. In the present study, using a facile, low-cost, and solution-based method, we developed and synthesized fucoidan, a natural polymer isolated from seaweed that has demonstrated anti-cancer effect, and coated NPs with it as an ideal candidate in chemo-photothermal therapy against cancer cells. Fucoidan-coated copper sulfide nanoparticles (F-CuS) act not only as a nanocarrier to enhance the intracellular delivery of fucoidan but also as a photothermal agent to effectively ablate different cancer cells (e.g., HeLa, A549, and K562), both in vitro and in vivo, with the induction of apoptosis under 808 nm diode laser irradiation. These results point to the potential usage of F-CuS in treating human cancer. PMID:29560098

Photothermal Effect Enhanced Cascade-Targeting Strategy for Improved Pancreatic Cancer Therapy by Gold Nanoshell@Mesoporous Silica Nanorod.

PubMed

Zhao, Ruifang; Han, Xuexiang; Li, Yiye; Wang, Hai; Ji, Tianjiao; Zhao, Yuliang; Nie, Guangjun

2017-08-22

Pancreatic cancer, one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality, is characterized by desmoplasia and hypovascular cancerous tissue, with a 5 year survival rate of <8%. To overcome the severe resistance of pancreatic cancer to conventional therapies, we synthesized gold nanoshell-coated rod-like mesoporous silica (GNRS) nanoparticles which integrated cascade tumor targeting (mediated by photothermal effect and molecular receptor binding) and photothermal treatment-enhanced gemcitabine chemotherapy, under mild near-infrared laser irradiation condition. GNRS significantly improved gemcitabine penetration and accumulation in tumor tissues, thus destroying the dense stroma barrier of pancreatic cancer and reinforcing chemosensitivity in mice. Our current findings strongly support the notion that further development of this integrated plasmonic photothermal strategy may represent a promising translational nanoformulation for effective treatment of pancreatic cancer with integral cascade tumor targeting strategy and enhanced drug delivery efficacy.

Investigation of the influence of the photodynamic effect on micro-organisms using the laser photothermal cytometry method

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lapotko, D O; Kuchinskii, G S; Zharov, V P

1999-12-31

An investigation of the influence of the photodynamic effect on S.aureus and E.coli bacteria in the presence of blood cells was made by the laser photothermal cytometry method. Elements of the theory of the photothermal method are considered for the case of pulsed lasers used in microscopy. Chlorin in doses of 0.02 mg litre{sup -1} was used as a photosensitiser. The results of the investigation made it possible to propose the possibility of an immunomodulation effect caused by introducing photoactivated chlorin into the cell - microbe system. It was found that the photothermal parameters of the cells interacting with microbesmore » in the presence of photoactivated chlorin differed from the parameters of intact cells much less than in the absence of chlorin. However, a more pronounced bactericidal effect was observed in the samples treated with chlorin. (lasers in medicine)« less

LASERS IN MEDICINE: Investigation of the influence of the photodynamic effect on micro-organisms using the laser photothermal cytometry method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lapotko, D. O.; Zharov, V. P.; Romanovskaya, T. R.; Kuchinskii, G. S.

1999-12-01

An investigation of the influence of the photodynamic effect on S.aureus and E.coli bacteria in the presence of blood cells was made by the laser photothermal cytometry method. Elements of the theory of the photothermal method are considered for the case of pulsed lasers used in microscopy. Chlorin in doses of 0.02 mg litre-1 was used as a photosensitiser. The results of the investigation made it possible to propose the possibility of an immunomodulation effect caused by introducing photoactivated chlorin into the cell — microbe system. It was found that the photothermal parameters of the cells interacting with microbes in the presence of photoactivated chlorin differed from the parameters of intact cells much less than in the absence of chlorin. However, a more pronounced bactericidal effect was observed in the samples treated with chlorin.

Enhanced photothermal effect in reduced graphene oxide in solid-state

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sahadev, Nishaina; Anappara, Aji A.

2017-11-01

We report on a giant photothermal effect in few-layer Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) in powder form. Graphite oxide synthesized following modified Hummer's method was thermally exfoliated and reduced to obtain RGO consisting of ˜8-10 layers. Upon irradiation with an incoherent, broad-band light source (wavelengths ranging from 250 to 450 nm), an enormous photothermal effect was observed. The heat generated by RGO determined from the isothermal differential photocalorimetric technique is as high as ˜319 W/g resulting from the dominant non-radiative de-excitation of photoexcited electrons due to the absence of a radiative pathway. A practical applicability was demonstrated using a commercial thermoelectric generator wherein upon illumination from a solar-simulator, an open voltage in the mV range was developed, giving a direct proof of the exothermic effect in powder RGO upon light illumination. Herewith, we have demonstrated a proof-of-concept of photothermal effects in solid-state RGO.

Nonlinear Midinfrared Photothermal Spectroscopy Using Zharov Splitting and Quantum Cascade Lasers.

PubMed

Mertiri, Alket; Altug, Hatice; Hong, Mi K; Mehta, Pankaj; Mertz, Jerome; Ziegler, Lawrence D; Erramilli, Shyamsunder

2014-08-20

We report on the mid-infrared nonlinear photothermal spectrum of the neat liquid crystal 4-octyl-4'-cyanobiphenyl (8CB) using a tunable Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL). The nonequilibrium steady state characterized by the nonlinear photothermal infrared response undergoes a supercritical bifurcation. The bifurcation, observed in heterodyne two-color pump-probe detection, leads to ultrasharp nonlinear infrared spectra similar to those reported in the visible region. A systematic study of the peak splitting as a function of absorbed infrared power shows the bifurcation has a critical exponent of 0.5. The observation of an apparently universal critical exponent in a nonequilibrium state is explained using an analytical model analogous of mean field theory. Apart from the intrinsic interest for nonequilibrium studies, nonlinear photothermal methods lead to a dramatic narrowing of spectral lines, giving rise to a potential new contrast mechanism for the rapidly emerging new field of mid-infrared microspectroscopy using QCLs.

Analysis of Photothermal Characterization of Layered Materials: Design of Optimal Experiments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cole, Kevin D.

2003-01-01

In this paper numerical calculations are presented for the steady-periodic temperature in layered materials and functionally-graded materials to simulate photothermal methods for the measurement of thermal properties. No laboratory experiments were performed. The temperature is found from a new Green s function formulation which is particularly well-suited to machine calculation. The simulation method is verified by comparison with literature data for a layered material. The method is applied to a class of two-component functionally-graded materials and results for temperature and sensitivity coefficients are presented. An optimality criterion, based on the sensitivity coefficients, is used for choosing what experimental conditions will be needed for photothermal measurements to determine the spatial distribution of thermal properties. This method for optimal experiment design is completely general and may be applied to any photothermal technique and to any functionally-graded material.

Nonlinear Midinfrared Photothermal Spectroscopy Using Zharov Splitting and Quantum Cascade Lasers

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

We report on the mid-infrared nonlinear photothermal spectrum of the neat liquid crystal 4-octyl-4′-cyanobiphenyl (8CB) using a tunable Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL). The nonequilibrium steady state characterized by the nonlinear photothermal infrared response undergoes a supercritical bifurcation. The bifurcation, observed in heterodyne two-color pump–probe detection, leads to ultrasharp nonlinear infrared spectra similar to those reported in the visible region. A systematic study of the peak splitting as a function of absorbed infrared power shows the bifurcation has a critical exponent of 0.5. The observation of an apparently universal critical exponent in a nonequilibrium state is explained using an analytical model analogous of mean field theory. Apart from the intrinsic interest for nonequilibrium studies, nonlinear photothermal methods lead to a dramatic narrowing of spectral lines, giving rise to a potential new contrast mechanism for the rapidly emerging new field of mid-infrared microspectroscopy using QCLs. PMID:25541620

Wavelength-modulated differential photothermal radiometry: Theory and experimental applications to glucose detection in water

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mandelis, Andreas; Guo, Xinxin

2011-10-01

A differential photothermal radiometry method, wavelength-modulated differential photothermal radiometry (WM-DPTR), has been developed theoretically and experimentally for noninvasive, noncontact biological analyte detection, such as blood glucose monitoring. WM-DPTR features analyte specificity and sensitivity by combining laser excitation by two out-of-phase modulated beams at wavelengths near the peak and the base line of a prominent and isolated mid-IR analyte absorption band (here the carbon-oxygen-carbon bond in the pyran ring of the glucose molecule). A theoretical photothermal model of WM-DPTR signal generation and detection has been developed. Simulation results on water-glucose phantoms with the human blood range (0-300 mg/dl) glucose concentration demonstrated high sensitivity and resolution to meet wide clinical detection requirements. The model has also been validated by experimental data of the glucose-water system obtained using WM-DPTR.

A multifunctional targeting probe with dual-mode imaging and photothermal therapy used in vivo.

PubMed

Zhang, Xiao-Shuai; Xuan, Yang; Yang, Xiao-Quan; Cheng, Kai; Zhang, Ruo-Yun; Li, Cheng; Tan, Fang; Cao, Yuan-Cheng; Song, Xian-Lin; An, Jie; Hou, Xiao-Lin; Zhao, Yuan-Di

2018-04-19

Ag 2 S has the characteristics of conventional quantum dot such as broad excitation spectrum, narrow emission spectrum, long fluorescence lifetime, strong anti-bleaching ability, and other optical properties. Moreover, since its fluorescence emission is located in the NIR-II region, has stronger penetrating ability for tissue. Ag 2 S quantum dot has strong absorption during the visible and NIR regions, it has good photothermal and photoacoustic response under certain wavelength excitation. 200 nm aqueous probe Ag 2 S@DSPE-PEG 2000 -FA (Ag 2 S@DP-FA) with good dispersibility and stability was prepared by coating hydrophobic Ag 2 S with the mixture of folic acid (FA) modified DSPE-PEG 2000 (DP) and other polymers, it was found the probe had good fluorescent, photoacoustic and photothermal responses, and a low cell cytotoxicity at 50 μg/mL Ag concentration. Blood biochemical analysis, liver enzyme and tissue histopathological test showed that no significant influence was observed on blood and organs within 15 days after injection of the probe. In vivo and in vitro fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging of the probe further demonstrated that the Ag 2 S@DP-FA probe had good active targeting ability for tumor. In vivo and in vitro photothermal therapy experiments confirmed that the probe also had good ability of killing tumor by photothermal. Ag 2 S@DP-FA was a safe, integrated diagnosis and treatment probe with multi-mode imaging, photothermal therapy and active targeting ability, which had a great application prospect in the early diagnosis and treatment of tumor.

Green synthesis of anisotropic gold nanoparticles for photothermal therapy of cancer.

PubMed

Fazal, Sajid; Jayasree, Aswathy; Sasidharan, Sisini; Koyakutty, Manzoor; Nair, Shantikumar V; Menon, Deepthy

2014-06-11

Nanoparticles of varying composition, size, shape, and architecture have been explored for use as photothermal agents in the field of cancer nanomedicine. Among them, gold nanoparticles provide a simple platform for thermal ablation owing to its biocompatibility in vivo. However, the synthesis of such gold nanoparticles exhibiting suitable properties for photothermal activity involves cumbersome routes using toxic chemicals as capping agents, which can cause concerns in vivo. Herein, gold nanoparticles, synthesized using green chemistry routes possessing near-infrared (NIR) absorbance facilitating photothermal therapy, would be a viable alternative. In this study, anisotropic gold nanoparticles were synthesized using an aqueous route with cocoa extract which served both as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The as-prepared gold nanoparticles were subjected to density gradient centrifugation to maximize its NIR absorption in the wavelength range of 800-1000 nm. The particles also showed good biocompatibility when tested in vitro using A431, MDA-MB231, L929, and NIH-3T3 cell lines up to concentrations of 200 μg/mL. Cell death induced in epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells upon irradiation with a femtosecond laser at 800 nm at a low power density of 6 W/cm(2) proved the suitability of green synthesized NIR absorbing anisotropic gold nanoparticles for photothermal ablation of cancer cells. These gold nanoparticles also showed good X-ray contrast when tested using computed tomography (CT), proving their feasibility for use as a contrast agent as well. This is the first report on green synthesized anisotropic and cytocompatible gold nanoparticles without any capping agents and their suitability for photothermal therapy.

Increasing conversion efficiency of two-step photon up-conversion solar cell with a voltage booster hetero-interface.

PubMed

Asahi, Shigeo; Kusaki, Kazuki; Harada, Yukihiro; Kita, Takashi

2018-01-17

Development of high-efficiency solar cells is one of the attractive challenges in renewable energy technologies. Photon up-conversion can reduce the transmission loss and is one of the promising concepts which improve conversion efficiency. Here we present an analysis of the conversion efficiency, which can be increased by up-conversion in a single-junction solar cell with a hetero-interface that boosts the output voltage. We confirm that an increase in the quasi-Fermi gap and substantial photocurrent generation result in a high conversion efficiency.

Photo-induced heat generation in non-plasmonic nanoantennas.

PubMed

Danesi, Stefano; Gandolfi, Marco; Carletti, Luca; Bontempi, Nicolò; De Angelis, Costantino; Banfi, Francesco; Alessandri, Ivano

2018-05-24

Light-to-heat conversion in non-plasmonic, high refractive index nanoantennas is a key topic for many applications, including Raman sensing, laser writing, nanofabrication and photo-thermal therapy. However, heat generation and propagation in non-plasmonic antennas is increasingly debated and contradictory results have been reported so far. Here we report a finite element analysis of the steady-state temperature distribution and heat flow in SiO2/Si core/shell systems (silicon nanoshells) irradiated with different continuous wave lasers (λ = 532, 633 and 785 nm), under real working conditions. The complex interplay among the optical properties, morphology, degree of crystallinity of the nanoshells, thickness dependence of thermal conductivity and interactions with the substrate has been elucidated. This study reveals that all of these parameters can be appropriately combined for obtaining either stable nanoshells for Raman sensing or highly efficient sources of local heating. The optimal balance between thermal stability and field enhancement was found for crystalline Si shell layers with thicknesses ranging from 40 to 60 nm, irradiated by a NIR laser source. On the other hand, non-conformal amorphous or crystalline shell layers with a thickness >50 nm can reach a very high local temperature (above 1000 K) when irradiated with a low power density (less than 1 mW μm-2) laser sources. This work provides a general approach for an extensive investigation of the opto-thermal properties of high-index nanoantennas.

Three years of biomedical FEL use in medicine and surgery How far have we come?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jean, Benedikt

1997-02-01

Since the FEL has been made available for biophysical research in the IR, it has revolutionized the optimization strategies of laser-tissue interaction and the minimizing of adverse effects, in particular for photoablative use in surgery. Its tunability together with the free combination of wavelength and energy made it an efficient research tool, allowing the reduction of risks and costs of preclinical biomedical research. New computer-assisted surgical techniques evolved and the broader data basis of IR photothermal ablation allows more accurate predictive modelling of the efficiency and the adverse effects of photoablation. New applications for diagnostic imaging as well as the first clinical applications in neurosurgery lay ahead.

Quantitative photothermal heating and cooling measurements of engineered nanoparticles in an optical trap

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roder, Paden Bernard

Laser tweezers and optical trapping has provided scientists and engineers a unique way to study the wealth of phenomena that materials exhibit at the micro- and nanoscale, much of which remains mysterious. Of particular interest is the interplay between light absorption and subsequent heat generation of laser-irradiated materials, especially due to recent interest in developing nanoscale materials for use as agents for photothermal cancer treatments. An introduction to optical trapping physics and laser tweezers are given in Chapter 1 and 2 of this thesis, respectively. The remaining chapters, summarized below, describe the theoretical basis of laser heating of one-dimensional nanostructures and experiments in which optically-trapped nanostructures are studied using techniques developed for a laser tweezer. In Chapter 3, we delve into the fundamentals of laser heating of one-dimensional materials by developing an analytical model of pulsed laser heating of uniform and tapered supported nanowires and compare calculations with experimental data to comment on the effects that the material's physical, optical, and thermal parameters have on its heating and cooling rates. We then consider closed-form analytical solutions for the temperature rise within infinite circular cylinders with nanometer-scale diameters irradiated at right angles by TM-polarized continuous-wave laser sources, which allows for analysis of laser-heated nanowires in a solvated environment. The infinite nanowire analysis will then be extended to the optical heating of laser-irradiated finite nanowires in the framework of a laser tweezer, which enables predictive capabilities and direct comparison with laser trapping experiments. An effective method for determining optically-trapped particle temperatures as well as the temperature gradient in the surrounding medium will be discussed in Chapter 4. By combining laser tweezer calibration techniques, forward-scattered light power spectrum analysis, and hot Brownian motion theory, we attempt to measure realistic temperatures at the surface of an optically-trapped particle while properly accounting for inhomogeneous temperature fields generated by the optical trap. In Chapter 5, this technique is then applied to measure the temperature of engineered gold- and silicon-implanted silicon nanowires to rigorously study the effect ion implantation has on silicon nanowire photothermal efficiencies. Silicon nanowire photothermal efficiencies are shown to drastically increase by implanting with gold ions and cause superheating of water of over 200 C at the trap site, suggesting potential application as agents for photothermal cancer therapies. Chapter 6 describes the hydrothermal synthesis and optical trapping of engineered YLF nanoparticles doped with Yb(III) ions. Laser tweezer experiments using the developed temperature extraction techniques and hot Brownian motion analysis show the first observation of particles undergoing recently hypothesized cold Brownian motion and local laser refrigeration in a condensed phase via anti-Stokes photoluminescence. Furthermore, YLF nanoparticles codoped with Er(III) and Yb(III) ions are also developed and their intense visible upconversion of the NIR trapping laser is used to monitor its internal lattice temperature using ratiometric thermography. The results suggest the potential of these materials to investigate kinetics and temperature sensitivity of basic cellular processes, or to act as simultaneous theranostic-hypothermia agents to identify and treat cancerous tissues. Finally, Chapter 7 presents a summary of the salient conclusions of the reported studies. The chapter concludes with a short discussion of my personal experience with being a member of a new research group and setting up the Pauzauskie laboratory.

Indirect absorption spectroscopy using quantum cascade lasers: mid-infrared refractometry and photothermal spectroscopy.

PubMed

Pfeifer, Marcel; Ruf, Alexander; Fischer, Peer

2013-11-04

We record vibrational spectra with two indirect schemes that depend on the real part of the index of refraction: mid-infrared refractometry and photothermal spectroscopy. In the former, a quantum cascade laser (QCL) spot is imaged to determine the angles of total internal reflection, which yields the absorption line via a beam profile analysis. In the photothermal measurements, a tunable QCL excites vibrational resonances of a molecular monolayer, which heats the surrounding medium and changes its refractive index. This is observed with a probe laser in the visible. Sub-monolayer sensitivities are demonstrated.

Enhancing photothermal cancer therapy by clustering gold nanoparticles into spherical polymeric nanoconstructs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Iodice, Carmen; Cervadoro, Antonio; Palange, AnnaLisa; Key, Jaehong; Aryal, Santosh; Ramirez, Maricela R.; Mattu, Clara; Ciardelli, Gianluca; O'Neill, Brian E.; Decuzzi, Paolo

2016-01-01

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been proposed as agents for enhancing photothermal therapy in cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Different geometrical configurations have been used, ranging from spheres to rods and more complex star shapes, to modulate optical and ablating properties. In this work, multiple, ultra-small 6 nm AuNPs are encapsulated into larger spherical polymeric nanoconstructs (SPNs), made out of a poly(lactic acid-co-glycol acid) (PLGA) core stabilized by a superficial lipid-PEG monolayer. The optical and photothermal properties of the resulting nanoconstructs (Au-SPNs) are modulated by varying the initial loading input of AuNPs, ranging between 25 and 150 μgAu. Au-SPNs exhibit a hydrodynamic diameter varying from ~100 to 180 nm, growing with the gold content, and manifest up to 2-fold increase in thermal energy production per unit mass of gold for an initial input of 100 μgAu. Au-SPNs are stable under physiological conditions up to 7 days and have direct cytotoxic effect on tumor cells. The superior photothermal performance of Au-SPNs is assessed in vitro on monolayers of breast cancer cells (SUM-159) and tumor spheroids of glioblastoma multiforme cells (U87-MG). The encapsulation of small AuNPs into larger spherical nanoconstructs enhances photothermal ablation and could favor tumor accumulation.

Photo-thermal modulation of surface plasmon polariton propagation at telecommunication wavelengths.

PubMed

Kaya, S; Weeber, J-C; Zacharatos, F; Hassan, K; Bernardin, T; Cluzel, B; Fatome, J; Finot, C

2013-09-23

We report on photo-thermal modulation of thin film surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) excited at telecom wavelengths and traveling at a gold/air interface. By operating a modulated continuous-wave or a Q-switched nanosecond pump laser, we investigate the photo-thermally induced modulation of SPP propagation mediated by the temperature-dependent ohmic losses in the gold film. We use a fiber-to-fiber characterization set-up to measure accurately the modulation depth of the SPP signal under photo-thermal excitation. On the basis of these measurements, we extract the thermo-plasmonic coefficient of the SPP mode defined as the temperature derivative of the SPP damping constant. Next, we introduce a figure of merit which is relevant to characterize the impact of temperature onto the properties of bounded or weakly leaky SPP modes supported by a given metal at a given wavelength. By combining our measurements with tabulated values of the temperature-dependent imaginary part of gold dielectric function, we compute the thermo-optical coefficients (TOC) of gold at telecom wavelengths. Finally, we investigate a pulsed photo-thermal excitation of the SPP in the nanosecond regime. The experimental SPP depth of modulation obtained in this situation are found to be in fair agreement with the modulation depths computed by using our values of gold TOC.

Na0.3WO3 nanorods: a multifunctional agent for in vivo dual-model imaging and photothermal therapy of cancer cells.

PubMed

Zhang, Yuxin; Li, Bo; Cao, Yunjiu; Qin, Jinbao; Peng, Zhiyou; Xiao, Zhiyin; Huang, Xiaojuan; Zou, Rujia; Hu, Junqing

2015-02-14

The combination of imaging diagnosis and photothermal ablation (PTA) therapy has become a potential treatment for cancer. In particular, tungsten bronzes have a number of unique properties such as broad near-infrared (NIR) absorption and a large X-ray attenuation coefficient. However, these materials have seldom been reported as an X-ray computed tomography (CT) contrast agent and a photothermal agent. Herein, we synthesized PEGylated Na(0.3)WO(3) nanorods (mean size ∼39 nm × 5 nm) by a simple one-pot solvothermal route. As we expected, the prepared PEGylated Na(0.3)WO(3) nanorods exhibit intense NIR absorption, derived from the outer d-electron of W(5+). These PEGylated Na(0.3)WO(3) nanorods also show an excellent CT imaging effect and a high HU value of 29.95 HU g L(-1) (much higher than the figure of iopamidol (19.35 HU g L(-1))), due to the intrinsic property of tungsten of large atomic number and X-ray attenuation coefficient. Furthermore, the temperature elevation and the in vivo photothermal experiment reveal that as-synthesized Na(0.3)WO(3) nanorods could be an effective photothermal agent, as they have low toxicity, high effectiveness and good photostability.

In vitro and in vivo targeting of hollow gold nanoshells directed at epidermal growth factor receptors for photothermal ablation therapy

PubMed Central

Melancon, Marites P.; Lu, Wei; Yang, Zhi; Zhang, Rui; Cheng, Zhi; Elliot, Andrew M.; Stafford, Jason; Olson, Tammy; Zhang, Jin Z.; Li, Chun

2009-01-01

Laser-induced phototherapy is a new therapeutic use of electromagnetic radiation for cancer treatment. The use of targeted plasmonic gold nanoparticles can reduce the laser energy necessary for selective tumor cell destruction. However, the ability for targeted delivery of the currently used gold nanoparticles to tumor cells is limited. Here, we describe a new class of molecular specific photothermal coupling agents based on hollow gold nanoshells (HAuNS, average diameter ~30 nm) covalently attached to monoclonal antibody directed at epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The resulting anti-EGFR-HAuNS exhibited excellent colloidal stability and efficient photothermal effect in the near-infrared region. EGFR-mediated, selective uptake of anti-EGFR-HAuNS in EGFR-positive A431 tumor cells but not IgG-HAuNS control was demonstrated in vitro by imaging scattered light from the nanoshells. Irradiation of A431 cells treated with anti-EGFR-HAuNS with near-infrared laser resulted in selective destruction of these cells. In contrast, cells treated with anti-EGFR-HAuNS alone, laser alone, or IgG-HAuNS plus laser did not show observable effect on cell viability. Using 111In-labeled HAuNS, we showed that anti-EGFR-HAuNS could be delivered to EGFR-positive tumors at 6.8% of injected dose per gram of tissue, and the microscopic image of excised tumor with scattering signal from nanoshells confirmed preferential delivery to A431 tumor of anti-EGFR-HAuNS compared with IgG-HAuNS. The absence of silica core, the relatively small particle size and high tumor uptake, and the absence of cytotoxic surfactant required to stabilize other gold nanoparticles suggest that immuno-hollow gold nanoshells have the potential to extend to in vivo molecular therapy. PMID:18566244

Melanin nanoparticles derived from a homology of medicine and food for sentinel lymph node mapping and photothermal in vivo cancer therapy.

PubMed

Chu, Maoquan; Hai, Wangxi; Zhang, Zheyu; Wo, Fangjie; Wu, Qiang; Zhang, Zefei; Shao, Yuxiang; Zhang, Ding; Jin, Lu; Shi, Donglu

2016-06-01

The use of non-toxic or low toxicity materials exhibiting dual functionality for use in sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping and cancer therapy has attracted considerable attention during the past two decades. Herein, we report that the natural black sesame melanin (BSM) extracted from black sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum L.) shows exciting potential for SLN mapping and cancer photothermal therapy. Aqueous solutions of BSM under neutral and alkaline conditions can assemble into sheet-like nanoparticles ranging from 20 to 200 nm in size. The BSM nanoparticles were encapsulated by liposomes to improve their water solubility and the encapsulated and bare BSM nanoparticles were both non-toxic to cells. Furthermore, the liposome-encapsulated BSM nanoparticles (liposome-BSM) did not exhibit any long-term toxicity in mice. The liposome-BSM nanoparticles were subsequently used to passively target healthy and tumor-bearing mice SLNs, which were identified by the black color of the nanoparticles. BSM also strongly absorbed light in the near-infrared (NIR) range, which was rapidly converted to heat energy. Human esophagus carcinoma cells (Eca-109) were killed efficiently by liposome-BSM nanocomposites upon NIR laser irradiation. Furthermore, mouse tumor tissues grown from Eca-109 cells were seriously damaged by the photothermal effects of the liposome-BSM nanocomposites, with significant tumor growth suppression compared with controls. Given that BSM is a safe and nutritious biomaterial that can be easily obtained from black sesame seed, the results presented herein represent an important development in the use of natural biomaterials for clinical SLN mapping and cancer therapy. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Plasmonic enhancement of cyanine dyes for near-infrared light-triggered photodynamic/photothermal therapy and fluorescent imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lu, Mindan; Kang, Ning; Chen, Chuan; Yang, Liuqing; Li, Yang; Hong, Minghui; Luo, Xiangang; Ren, Lei; Wang, Xiumin

2017-11-01

Near-infrared (NIR) triggered cyanine dyes have attracted considerable attention in multimodal tumor theranostics. However, NIR cyanine dyes used in tumor treatment often suffer from low fluorescence intensity and weak singlet oxygen generation efficiency, resulting in inadequate diagnostic and therapy efficacy for tumors. It is still a great challenge to improve both the photodynamic therapy (PDT) and fluorescent imaging (FLI) efficacy of cyanine dyes in tumor applications. Herein, a novel multifunctional nanoagent AuNRs@SiO2-IR795 was developed to realize the integrated photothermal/photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT) and FLI at a very low dosage of IR795 (0.4 μM) based on metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) effects. In our design, both the fluorescence intensity and reactive oxygen species of AuNRs@SiO2-IR795 nanocomposites were significantly enhanced up to 51.7 and 6.3 folds compared with free IR795, owing to the localized surface plasmon resonance band of AuNRs overlapping with the absorption or fluorescence emission band of the IR795 dye. Under NIR laser irradiation, the cancer cell inhibition efficiency in vitro with synergetic PDT/PTT was up to 82.3%, compared with 10.3% for free IR795. Moreover, the enhanced fluorescence intensity of our designed nanocomposites was helpful to track their behavior in tumor cells. Therefore, our designed nanoagents highlight the applications of multimodal diagnostics and therapy in tumors based on MEF.

Photothermal Stability of an E-Beam Pre-Crosslinked EVA Encapsulant and Its Performance Degradation on a-Si Submodules: Preprint

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pern, F. J.; Watson, G. L.; Glick, S. H.

2001-10-01

Presented at the 2001 NCPV Program Review Meeting: Study of photothermal stability of special EVA encapsulant by accelerated exposure testing and analysis of causes of performance degradation on a-Si modules.

Copper interstitial recombination centers in Cu 3 N

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yee, Ye Sheng; Inoue, Hisashi; Hultqvist, Adam

We present a comprehensive study of the earth-abundant semiconductor Cu 3N as a potential solar energy conversion material, using density functional theory and experimental methods. Density functional theory indicates that among the dominant intrinsic point defects, copper vacancies V Cu have shallow defect levels while copper interstitials Cu i behave as deep potential wells in the conduction band which mediate Shockley-Read-Hall recombination. The existence of Cu i defects has been experimentally verified using photothermal deflection spectroscopy. A Cu 3N/ZnS heterojunction diode with good current-voltage rectification behavior has been demonstrated experimentally, but no photocurrent is generated under illumination. Finally, the absencemore » of photocurrent can be explained by a large concentration of Cu i recombination centers capturing electrons in p-type Cu 3N.« less

Copper interstitial recombination centers in Cu 3 N

DOE PAGES

Yee, Ye Sheng; Inoue, Hisashi; Hultqvist, Adam; ...

2018-06-04

We present a comprehensive study of the earth-abundant semiconductor Cu 3N as a potential solar energy conversion material, using density functional theory and experimental methods. Density functional theory indicates that among the dominant intrinsic point defects, copper vacancies V Cu have shallow defect levels while copper interstitials Cu i behave as deep potential wells in the conduction band which mediate Shockley-Read-Hall recombination. The existence of Cu i defects has been experimentally verified using photothermal deflection spectroscopy. A Cu 3N/ZnS heterojunction diode with good current-voltage rectification behavior has been demonstrated experimentally, but no photocurrent is generated under illumination. Finally, the absencemore » of photocurrent can be explained by a large concentration of Cu i recombination centers capturing electrons in p-type Cu 3N.« less

Improved Treatment of Photothermal Cancer by Coating TiO2 on Porous Silicon.

PubMed

Na, Kil Ju; Park, Gye-Choon

2016-02-01

In present society, the technology in various field has been sharply developed and advanced. In medical technology, especially, photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy have had limelight for curing cancers and diseases. The study investigates the photothermal therapy that reduces side effects of existing cancer treatment, is applied to only cancer cells, and dose not harm any other normal cells. The photothermal properties of porous silicon for therapy are analyzed in order to destroy cancer cells that are more weak at heat than normal ones. For improving performance of porous silicon, it also analyzes the properties when irradiating the near infrared by heterologously junction TiO2 and TiO2NW, photocatalysts that are very stable and harmless to the environment and the human body, to porous silicon. Each sample of Si, PSi, TiO2/Psi, and TiO2NW/PSi was irradiated with 808 nm near-IR of 300, 500, and 700 mW/cm2 light intensity, where the maximum heating temperature was 43.8, 61.6, 67.9, and 61.9 degrees C at 300 mW/cm2; 54.1, 64.3, 78.8, and 68.9 degrees C at 500 mW/cm2; and 97.3, 102.8, 102.5, and 95 0C at 700 mW/cm2. The time required to reach the maximum temperature was less than 10 min for every case. The results indicate that TiO2/PSi thin film irradiated with a single near-infrared wavelength of 808 nm, which is known to have the best human permeability, offers the potential of being the most successful photothermal cancer therapy agent. It maximizes the photo-thermal characteristics within the shortest time, and minimizes the adverse effects on the human body.

Gd³⁺ Tethered Gold Nanorods for Combined Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Photo-Thermal Therapy.

PubMed

Pitchaimani, Arunkumar; Duong, Tuyen; Nguyen, Thanh; Maurmann, Leila; Key, Jaehong; Bossmann, Stefan H; Aryal, Santosh

2017-04-01

Near infrared (NIR) mediated photothermal therapy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are promising treatment and imaging modalities in the field of cancer theranostics. Gold nanorods are the first choice of materials for NIR-mediated photothermal therapy due to their strong localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) at NIR region. Similarly, gadolinium based MRI contrast agents have an ability to increase the ionic and molecular relaxivity, thereby enhancing the solvent proton relaxation rate resulting in contrast enhancement. Herein, the effort has been made to engineer a dual front theranostic agent with combined photothermal and magnetic resonance imaging capacity using gadolinium tethered gold nanorods (Gd3+-AuNR). NIR-responsive gold nanorods were surface fabricated by means of Au-thiol interaction using a thiolated macrocyclic chelator that chelates Gd3+ ions, and further stabilized by thiolated polyethylene glycol (PEG-SH). The magnetic properties of the Gd3+-AuNR displayed an enhanced r 1 relaxivity of 12.1 mM–1s–1, with higher biological stability, and contrast enhancement in both solution state and in cell pellets. In-vitro (cell-free) and ex-vivo (on pig skin) analysis of the Gd3+-AuNR shows enhanced photothermal properties as equivalent to that of the raw AuNR. Furthermore, Gd3+-AuNR showed competent cellular entry and intracellular distribution as revealed by hyperspectral microscopy. In addition, Gd3+-AuNR also exhibits significant thermal ablation of B16–F10 cells in the presence of NIR. Thus, Gd3+-AuNR features a significant theranostic potential with combined photothermal and imaging modality, suggesting a great potential in anticancer therapy.

Human CIK Cells Loaded with Au Nanorods as a Theranostic Platform for Targeted Photoacoustic Imaging and Enhanced Immunotherapy and Photothermal Therapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Yao; Zhang, Jingjing; Xia, Fangfang; Zhang, Chunlei; Qian, Qirong; Zhi, Xiao; Yue, Caixia; Sun, Rongjin; Cheng, Shangli; Fang, Shan; Jin, Weilin; Yang, Yuming; Cui, Daxiang

2016-06-01

How to realize targeted photoacoustic imaging, enhanced immunotherapy, and photothermal therapy of gastric cancer has become a great challenge. Herein, we reported for the first time that human cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK) loaded with gold nanorods were used for targeted photoacoustic imaging, enhanced immunotherapy, and photothermal therapy of gastric cancer. Silica-modified gold nanorods were prepared; then incubated with human cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK), resultant human CIK cells loaded with Au nanorods were evaluated for their cytotoxicity, targeted ability of gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo, immunotherapy, and photothermal therapy efficacy. In vitro cell experiment shows that human CIK cells labeled with gold nanorods actively target gastric cancer MGC803 cells, inhibit growth of MGC803 cells by inducing cell apoptosis, and kill MGC803 cells under low power density near-infrared (NIR) laser treatment (808-nm continuous wave laser, 1.5 W/cm2, 3 min). In vivo experiment results showed that human CIK cells labeled with gold nanorods could target actively and image subcutaneous gastric cancer vessels via photoacoustic imaging at 4 h post-injection, could enhance immunotherapy efficacy by up-regulating cytokines such as IL-1, IL-12, IL-2, IL-4, IL-17, and IFN-γ, and kill gastric cancer tissues by photothermal therapy via direct injection into tumor site under near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. High-performance human CIK cells labeled with Au nanorods are a good novel theranostic platform to exhibit great potential in applications such as tumor-targeted photoacoustic imaging, enhanced immunotherapy, and photothermal therapy in the near future.

Rational assembly of a biointerfaced core@shell nanocomplex towards selective and highly efficient synergistic photothermal/photodynamic therapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qin, Chenchen; Fei, Jinbo; Wang, Anhe; Yang, Yang; Li, Junbai

2015-11-01

To optimize synergistic cancer therapy, we rationally assemble an inorganic-organic nanocomplex using a folate-modified lipid bilayer spread on photosensitizer-entrapped mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) coated gold nanorods (AuNRs). In this hybrid bioconjugate, the large specific surface area and pore size of AuNR@MSN guarantee a high loading capacity of small photosensitive molecules. The modification with selective mixed liposomes on the surface of AuNR@MSN enables faster cellular internalization and enhancement of endocytosis. Under one-time NIR two-photon illumination, AuNR-mediated hyperthermia can kill cancer cells directly. Meanwhile, the loaded photosensitizer, hypocrellin B, generates two kinds of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce cell apoptosis. Remarkably, hyperthermia can improve the yield of ROS. After intravenous injection of this bioconjugate into female BALB/c nude mice followed by laser irradiation (808 nm, 1.3 W cm-2, 6 min), the tumor growth is suppressed completely. The tumors are not recurrent within the observation time (19 days), and the normal or main organs are not obviously pathological. Thus, such a simplified and selective cancer treatment, combining photothermal and photodynamic therapy in a synergistic manner, provides outstanding efficiency in vivo. This nanocomplex with well-defined core@shell nanostructures integrated with a two-photon technique holds great promise to improve cancer phototherapy with a high efficiency in the clinic.To optimize synergistic cancer therapy, we rationally assemble an inorganic-organic nanocomplex using a folate-modified lipid bilayer spread on photosensitizer-entrapped mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) coated gold nanorods (AuNRs). In this hybrid bioconjugate, the large specific surface area and pore size of AuNR@MSN guarantee a high loading capacity of small photosensitive molecules. The modification with selective mixed liposomes on the surface of AuNR@MSN enables faster cellular internalization and enhancement of endocytosis. Under one-time NIR two-photon illumination, AuNR-mediated hyperthermia can kill cancer cells directly. Meanwhile, the loaded photosensitizer, hypocrellin B, generates two kinds of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to induce cell apoptosis. Remarkably, hyperthermia can improve the yield of ROS. After intravenous injection of this bioconjugate into female BALB/c nude mice followed by laser irradiation (808 nm, 1.3 W cm-2, 6 min), the tumor growth is suppressed completely. The tumors are not recurrent within the observation time (19 days), and the normal or main organs are not obviously pathological. Thus, such a simplified and selective cancer treatment, combining photothermal and photodynamic therapy in a synergistic manner, provides outstanding efficiency in vivo. This nanocomplex with well-defined core@shell nanostructures integrated with a two-photon technique holds great promise to improve cancer phototherapy with a high efficiency in the clinic. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: The relevant TEM, DLS, UV spectra, photographs and chemical structures. See DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06501a

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Stability of Formamidinium Lead Bromide Perovskite Solar Cells Yielding High Photovoltage.

PubMed

Arora, Neha; Dar, M Ibrahim; Abdi-Jalebi, Mojtaba; Giordano, Fabrizio; Pellet, Norman; Jacopin, Gwénolé; Friend, Richard H; Zakeeruddin, Shaik Mohammed; Grätzel, Michael

2016-11-09

We report on both the intrinsic and the extrinsic stability of a formamidinium lead bromide [CH(NH 2 ) 2 PbBr 3 = FAPbBr 3 ] perovskite solar cell that yields a high photovoltage. The fabrication of FAPbBr 3 devices, displaying an outstanding photovoltage of 1.53 V and a power conversion efficiency of over 8%, was realized by modifying the mesoporous TiO 2 -FAPbBr 3 interface using lithium treatment. Reasons for improved photovoltaic performance were revealed by a combination of techniques, including photothermal deflection absorption spectroscopy (PDS), transient-photovoltage and charge-extraction analysis, and time-integrated and time-resolved photoluminescence. With lithium-treated TiO 2 films, PDS reveals that the TiO 2 -FAPbBr 3 interface exhibits low energetic disorder, and the emission dynamics showed that electron injection from the conduction band of FAPbBr 3 into that of mesoporous TiO 2 is faster than for the untreated scaffold. Moreover, compared to the device with pristine TiO 2 , the charge carrier recombination rate within a device based on lithium-treated TiO 2 film is 1 order of magnitude lower. Importantly, the operational stability of perovskites solar cells examined at a maximum power point revealed that the FAPbBr 3 material is intrinsically (under nitrogen) as well as extrinsically (in ambient conditions) stable, as the unsealed devices retained over 95% of the initial efficiency under continuous full sun illumination for 150 h in nitrogen and dry air and 80% in 60% relative humidity (T = ∼60 °C). The demonstration of high photovoltage, a record for FAPbBr 3 , together with robust stability renders our work of practical significance.

Alignment of gold nanorods by angular photothermal depletion

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Taylor, Adam B.; Chow, Timothy T. Y.; Chon, James W. M., E-mail: jchon@swin.edu.au

2014-02-24

In this paper, we demonstrate that a high degree of alignment can be imposed upon randomly oriented gold nanorod films by angular photothermal depletion with linearly polarized laser irradiation. The photothermal reshaping of gold nanorods is observed to follow quadratic melting model rather than the threshold melting model, which distorts the angular and spectral hole created on 2D distribution map of nanorods to be an open crater shape. We have accounted these observations to the alignment procedures and demonstrated good agreement between experiment and simulations. The use of multiple laser depletion wavelengths allowed alignment criteria over a large range ofmore » aspect ratios, achieving 80% of the rods in the target angular range. We extend the technique to demonstrate post-alignment in a multilayer of randomly oriented gold nanorod films, with arbitrary control of alignment shown across the layers. Photothermal angular depletion alignment of gold nanorods is a simple, promising post-alignment method for creating future 3D or multilayer plasmonic nanorod based devices and structures.« less

Noninvasive, label-free, three-dimensional imaging of melanoma with confocal photothermal microscopy: Differentiate malignant melanoma from benign tumor tissue

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, Jinping; Wang, Nan; Tsurui, Hiromichi; Kato, Masashi; Iida, Machiko; Kobayashi, Takayoshi

2016-07-01

Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers. Melanoma accounts for less than 2% of skin cancer cases but causes a large majority of skin cancer deaths. Early detection of malignant melanoma remains the key factor in saving lives. However, the melanoma diagnosis is still clinically challenging. Here, we developed a confocal photothermal microscope for noninvasive, label-free, three-dimensional imaging of melanoma. The axial resolution of confocal photothermal microscope is ~3 times higher than that of commonly used photothermal microscope. Three-dimensional microscopic distribution of melanin in pigmented lesions of mouse skin is obtained directly with this setup. Classic morphometric and fractal analysis of sixteen 3D images (eight for benign melanoma and eight for malignant) showed a capability of pathology of melanoma: melanin density and size become larger during the melanoma growth, and the melanin distribution also becomes more chaotic and unregulated. The results suggested new options for monitoring the melanoma growth and also for the melanoma diagnosis.

Thermo-elastic wave model of the photothermal and photoacoustic signal

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Meja, P.; Steiger, B.; Delsanto, P.P.

1996-12-31

By means of the thermo-elastic wave equation the dynamical propagation of mechanical stress and temperature can be described and applied to model the photothermal and photoacoustic signal. Analytical solutions exist only in particular cases. Using massively parallel computers it is possible to simulate the photothermal and photoacoustic signal in a most sufficient way. In this paper the method of local interaction simulation approach (LISA) is presented and selected examples of its application are given. The advantages of this method, which is particularly suitable for parallel processing, consist in reduced computation time and simple description of the photoacoustic signal in opticalmore » materials. The present contribution introduces the authors model, the formalism and some results in the 1 D case for homogeneous nonattenuative materials. The photoacoustic wave can be understood as a wave with locally limited displacement. This displacement corresponds to a temperature variation. Both variables are usually measured in photoacoustics and photothermal measurements. Therefore the temperature and displacement dependence on optical, elastic and thermal constants is analysed.« less

Photothermal inactivation of bacteria on plasmonic nanostructures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Santos, Greggy M.; Ibañez de Santi Ferrara, Felipe; Zhao, Fusheng; Rodrigues, Debora F.; Shih, Wei-Chuan

2016-03-01

Hospital-acquired bacterial infections are frequently associated with the pathogenic biofilms on surfaces of devices and instruments used in medical procedures. The utilization of thermal plasmonic agents is an innovative approach for sterilizing hospital equipment and for in vivo therapeutic treatment of bacterial infection. A photothermal inactivation technique via array of nanoporous gold disks (NPGDs) has been developed by irradiating near infrared (NIR) light onto deposited bacterial cells (Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Exiguobacterium AT1B) on the surface of metal nanostructure. The physical and photothermal properties of the NPGD substrate were investigated using topographical scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermographic infrared imaging. Bacterial viability studies on NPGD substrates irradiated with and without NIR light were evaluated using a fluorescence-based two-component stain assay. The results show that the heat generated from the NPGD substrate promotes high cell death counts (~100%) at short exposure durations (<25 s) even for thermally-resistant bacterial strains. The photothermal effects on NPGD substrate can lead to point-of-care applications.

Hexaphyrin as a Potential Theranostic Dye for Photothermal Therapy and 19 F Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

PubMed

Higashino, Tomohiro; Nakatsuji, Hirotaka; Fukuda, Ryosuke; Okamoto, Haruki; Imai, Hirohiko; Matsuda, Tetsuya; Tochio, Hidehito; Shirakawa, Masahiro; Tkachenko, Nikolai V; Hashida, Mitsuru; Murakami, Tatsuya; Imahori, Hiroshi

2017-05-18

Two features of meso-Aryl-substituted expanded porphyrins suggest suitability as theranostic agents. They have excellent absorption in near infrared (NIR) region, and they offer the possibility of introduction of multiple fluorine atoms at structurally equivalent positions. Here, hexaphyrin (hexa) was synthesized from 2,6-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4-formyl benzoate and pyrrole and evaluated as a novel expanded porphyrin with the above features. Under NIR illumination hexa showed intense photothermal and weak photodynamic effects, which were most likely due to its low excited states, close to singlet oxygen. The sustained photothermal effect caused ablation of cancer cells more effectively than the photodynamic effect of indocyanine green (a clinical dye). In addition, hexa showed potential for use in the visualization of tumors by 19 F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), because of the multiple fluorine atoms. Our results strongly support the utility of expanded porphyrins as theranostic agents in both photothermal therapy and 19 F MRI. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Photothermal therapy with immune-adjuvant nanoparticles together with checkpoint blockade for effective cancer immunotherapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Qian; Xu, Ligeng; Liang, Chao; Wang, Chao; Peng, Rui; Liu, Zhuang

2016-10-01

A therapeutic strategy that can eliminate primary tumours, inhibit metastases, and prevent tumour relapses is developed herein by combining adjuvant nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy with checkpoint-blockade immunotherapy. Indocyanine green (ICG), a photothermal agent, and imiquimod (R837), a Toll-like-receptor-7 agonist, are co-encapsulated by poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA). The formed PLGA-ICG-R837 nanoparticles composed purely by three clinically approved components can be used for near-infrared laser-triggered photothermal ablation of primary tumours, generating tumour-associated antigens, which in the presence of R837-containing nanoparticles as the adjuvant can show vaccine-like functions. In combination with the checkpoint-blockade using anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4), the generated immunological responses will be able to attack remaining tumour cells in mice, useful in metastasis inhibition, and may potentially be applicable for various types of tumour models. Furthermore, such strategy offers a strong immunological memory effect, which can provide protection against tumour rechallenging post elimination of their initial tumours.

Simulation of temperature distribution in tumor Photothermal treatment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Xiyang; Qiu, Shaoping; Wu, Shulian; Li, Zhifang; Li, Hui

2018-02-01

The light transmission in biological tissue and the optical properties of biological tissue are important research contents of biomedical photonics. It is of great theoretical and practical significance in medical diagnosis and light therapy of disease. In this paper, the temperature feedback-controller was presented for monitoring photothermal treatment in realtime. Two-dimensional Monte Carlo (MC) and diffuse approximation were compared and analyzed. The results demonstrated that diffuse approximation using extrapolated boundary conditions by finite element method is a good approximation to MC simulation. Then in order to minimize thermal damage, real-time temperature monitoring was appraised by proportional-integral-differential (PID) controller in the process of photothermal treatment.

Theoretical model for plasmonic photothermal response of gold nanostructures solutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Phan, Anh D.; Nga, Do T.; Viet, Nguyen A.

2018-03-01

Photothermal effects of gold core-shell nanoparticles and nanorods dispersed in water are theoretically investigated using the transient bioheat equation and the extended Mie theory. Properly calculating the absorption cross section is an extremely crucial milestone to determine the elevation of solution temperature. The nanostructures are assumed to be randomly and uniformly distributed in the solution. Compared to previous experiments, our theoretical temperature increase during laser light illumination provides, in various systems, both reasonable qualitative and quantitative agreement. This approach can be a highly reliable tool to predict photothermal effects in experimentally unexplored structures. We also validate our approach and discuss itslimitations.

Gold Nanorods as Nanodevices for Bioimaging, Photothermal Therapeutics, and Drug Delivery.

PubMed

Haine, Aung Thu; Niidome, Takuro

2017-01-01

Gold nanorods are promising metals in several biomedical applications such as bioimaging, thermal therapy, and drug delivery. Gold nanorods have strong absorption bands in near-infrared (NIR) light region and show photothermal effects. Since NIR light can penetrate deeply into tissues, their unique optical, chemical, and biological properties have attracted considerable clinical interest. Gold nanorods are expected to act not only as on-demand thermal converters for photothermal therapy but also as mediators of a controlled drug-release system responding to light irradiation. In this review, we discuss current progress using gold nanorods as bioimaging platform, phototherapeutic agents, and drug delivery vehicles.

Low-Power Photothermal Self-Oscillation of Bimetallic Nanowires.

PubMed

De Alba, Roberto; Abhilash, T S; Rand, Richard H; Craighead, Harold G; Parpia, Jeevak M

2017-07-12

We investigate the nonlinear mechanics of a bimetallic, optically absorbing SiN-Nb nanowire in the presence of incident laser light and a reflecting Si mirror. Situated in a standing wave of optical intensity and subject to photothermal forces, the nanowire undergoes self-induced oscillations at low incident light thresholds of <1 μW due to engineered strong temperature-position (T-z) coupling. Along with inducing self-oscillation, laser light causes large changes to the mechanical resonant frequency ω 0 and equilibrium position z 0 that cannot be neglected. We present experimental results and a theoretical model for the motion under laser illumination. In the model, we solve the governing nonlinear differential equations by perturbative means to show that self-oscillation amplitude is set by the competing effects of direct T-z coupling and 2ω 0 parametric excitation due to T-ω 0 coupling. We then study the linearized equations of motion to show that the optimal thermal time constant τ for photothermal feedback is τ → ∞ rather than the previously reported ω 0 τ = 1. Lastly, we demonstrate photothermal quality factor (Q) enhancement of driven motion as a means to counteract air damping. Understanding photothermal effects on nano- and micromechanical devices, as well as nonlinear aspects of optics-based motion detection, can enable new device applications as oscillators or other electronic elements with smaller device footprints and less stringent ambient vacuum requirements.

Exploring the influence of Diels-Alder linker length on photothermal molecule release from gold nanorods.

PubMed

Vetterlein, Claudia; Vásquez, Rodrigo; Bolaños, Karen; Acosta, Gerardo A; Guzman, Fanny; Albericio, Fernando; Celis, Freddy; Campos, Marcelo; Kogan, Marcelo J; Araya, Eyleen

2018-06-01

We studied the photothermal release of carboxyfluorescein (CF) linked to the gold surface of gold nanorods (GNRs) by two Diels-Alder adducts of different lengths (n = 4 and n = 9). The functionalized GNRs were irradiated with infrared light to produce photothermal release of CF by a retro-Diels-Alder reaction. The adducts were chemisorbed on the GNRs and the functionalized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-vis, DLS, zeta potential and Raman and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). On the basis of the degree of nanoparticle functionalization and the SERS results, we inferred the orientation of CF on the surface of the gold nanoparticle. Moreover, we determined the photothermal release profiles of CF from the gold surface by laser irradiation. The release was faster for the longer linker (n = 9). SERS revealed that, for the shorter linker (n = 4), molecules are oriented perpendicularly with respect to the gold surface, thereby maintaining the CF far from the surface. In contrast, the longer linker was observed to be tilted, thus maintaining CF close to the gold surface and therefore potentially favoring the photothermal transfer of energy. These results are relevant for the future development of the spatial and temporal controlled release of drugs by means of gold nanoparticles. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Massive photothermal trapping and migration of particles by a tapered optical fiber.

PubMed

Xin, Hongbao; Li, Xingmin; Li, Baojun

2011-08-29

A simple but highly efficient method for particles or bacteria trapping and removal from water is of great importance for local water purification, particularly, for sanitation. Here, we report a massive photothermal trapping and migration of dielectric particles (SiO2, 2.08-µm diameter) in water by using a tapered optical fiber (3.1-µm diameter for taper). With a laser beam of 1.55 µm (170 mW) injected into the fiber, particles moved towards the position, which is about 380 µm away from the tip of the fiber, and assembled at a 290 µm × 100 µm spindle-shaped region. The highest assembly speed of particles is 22.1 ind./s and the highest moving velocity is 20.5 µm/s, which were induced by both negative photophoresis and temperature gradient. The number of assembled particles can reach 10,150 in 15 minutes. With a move of the fiber, the assembled particles will also migrate. We found that, when the fiber was moved 172 µm away from its original location, almost all of the assembled 10,150 particles were migrated to a new location in 140 s with a distance of 172 µm from their original location.

Ecological conversion efficiency and its influencers in twelve species of fish in the Yellow Sea Ecosystem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tang, Qisheng; Guo, Xuewu; Sun, Yao; Zhang, Bo

2007-09-01

The ecological conversion efficiencies in twelve species of fish in the Yellow Sea Ecosystem, i.e., anchovy ( Engraulis japonicus), rednose anchovy ( Thrissa kammalensis), chub mackerel ( Scomber japonicus), halfbeak ( Hyporhamphus sajori), gizzard shad ( Konosirus punctatus), sand lance ( Ammodytes personatus), red seabream ( Pagrus major), black porgy ( Acanthopagrus schlegeli), black rockfish ( Sebastes schlegeli), finespot goby ( Chaeturichthys stigmatias), tiger puffer ( Takifugu rubripes), and fat greenling ( Hexagrammos otakii), were estimated through experiments conducted either in situ or in a laboratory. The ecological conversion efficiencies were significantly different among these species. As indicated, the food conversion efficiencies and the energy conversion efficiencies varied from 12.9% to 42.1% and from 12.7% to 43.0%, respectively. Water temperature and ration level are the main factors influencing the ecological conversion efficiencies of marine fish. The higher conversion efficiency of a given species in a natural ecosystem is acquired only under the moderate environment conditions. A negative relationship between ecological conversion efficiency and trophic level among ten species was observed. Such a relationship indicates that the ecological efficiency in the upper trophic levels would increase after fishing down marine food web in the Yellow Sea ecosystem.

Investigation of the mixing efficiency of a chaotic micromixer using thermal lens spectrometry.

PubMed

Ghaleb, Khalil Abbas; Stephan, Khaled; Pittet, Patrick; Ferrigno, Rosaria; Georges, Joseph

2006-05-01

This work investigates the efficiency of a chaotic micromixer using thermal lens spectrometry. The outlet of the mixing device was connected to a thermal lens detection head integrating the probe beam optical fibers and the sample capillary. The chaotic micromixer consisted of a Y-shaped poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microchip in which ribbed herringbone microstructures were etched on the floor of the main channel. Due to the solvent composition dependence of the thermal lens response, the photothermal method was shown to be highly sensitive to nonhomogeneous mixing compared to fluorescence detection. The apparatus was applied to the determination of Fe2+ with 1,10-phenanthroline using flow injection analysis; a limit of detection of 11 microg L(-1) of iron was obtained.

Optical Excitation of Carbon Nanotubes Drives Localized Diazonium Reactions

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

Covalent chemistries have been widely used to modify carbon nanomaterials; however, they typically lack the precision and efficiency required to directly engineer their optical and electronic properties. Here, we show, for the first time, that visible light which is tuned into resonance with carbon nanotubes can be used to drive their functionalization by aryldiazonium salts. The optical excitation accelerates the reaction rate 154-fold (±13) and makes it possible to significantly improve the efficiency of covalent bonding to the sp2 carbon lattice. Control experiments suggest that the reaction is dominated by a localized photothermal effect. This light-driven reaction paves the way for precise nanochemistry that can directly tailor carbon nanomaterials at the optical and electronic levels. PMID:27588432

An "intelligent" approach based on side-by-side cascade-correlation neural networks for estimating thermophysical properties from photothermal responses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grieu, Stéphane; Faugeroux, Olivier; Traoré, Adama; Claudet, Bernard; Bodnar, Jean-Luc

2015-01-01

In the present paper, an artificial-intelligence-based approach dealing with the estimation of thermophysical properties is designed and evaluated. This new and "intelligent" approach makes use of photothermal responses obtained when subjecting materials to a light flux. So, the main objective of the present work was to estimate simultaneously both the thermal diffusivity and conductivity of materials, from front-face or rear-face photothermal responses to pseudo random binary signals. To this end, we used side-by-side feedforward neural networks trained with the cascade-correlation algorithm. In addition, computation time was a key point to consider. That is why the developed algorithms are computationally tractable.

Photothermal measurements of high Tc superconductors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fanton, J. T.; Mitzi, D. B.; Kapitulnik, A.; Khuri-Yakub, B. T.; Kino, G. S.; Gazit, D.; Feigelson, R. S.

1989-08-01

We demonstrate a photothermal method for making point measurements of the thermal conductivities of high Tc superconductors. Images made at room temperature on polycrystalline materials show the thermal inhomogeneities. Measurements on single-crystal Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox compounds reveal a very large anisotropy of about 7:1 in the thermal conductivity.

Aspartame-stabilized gold-silver bimetallic biocompatible nanostructures with plasmonic photothermal properties, antibacterial activity, and long-term stability.

PubMed

Fasciani, Chiara; Silvero, M Jazmin; Anghel, Maria Alexandra; Argüello, Gerardo A; Becerra, Maria Cecilia; Scaiano, Juan C

2014-12-17

Gold-silver core-shell nanoparticles stabilized with a common sweetener, aspartame (AuNP@Ag@Asm), combine the antimicrobial properties of silver with the photoinduced plasmon-mediated photothermal effects of gold. The particles were tested with several bacterial strains, while biocompatibility was verified with human dermal fibroblasts.

Near-infrared light-triggered "on/off" motion of polymer multilayer rockets.

PubMed

Wu, Zhiguang; Lin, Xiankun; Wu, Yingjie; Si, Tieyan; Sun, Jianmin; He, Qiang

2014-06-24

We describe an approach to modulating the on-demand motion of catalytic polymer-based microengines via near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. The polymer multilayer motor was fabricated by the template-assisted layer-by-layer assembly and subsequently deposition of platinum nanoparticles inside and a thin gold shell outside. Then a mixed monolayer of a tumor-targeted peptide and an antifouling poly(ethylene glycol) was functionalized on the gold shell. The microengines remain motionless at the critical peroxide concentration (0.1%, v/v); however, NIR illumination on the engines leads to a photothermal effect and thus rapidly triggers the motion of the catalytic engines. Computational modeling explains the photothermal effect and gives the temperature profile accordingly. Also, the photothermal effect can alone activate the motion of the engines in the absence of the peroxide fuel, implying that it may eliminate the use of toxic fuel in the future. The targeted recognition ability and subsequently killing of cancer cells by the photothermal effect under the higher power of a NIR laser were illustrated. Our results pave the way to apply self-propelled synthetic engines in biomedical fields.

Broadband near-field infrared spectromicroscopy using photothermal probes and synchrotron radiation.

PubMed

Donaldson, Paul M; Kelley, Chris S; Frogley, Mark D; Filik, Jacob; Wehbe, Katia; Cinque, Gianfelice

2016-02-08

In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate the use of infrared synchrotron radiation (IR-SR) as a broadband source for photothermal near-field infrared spectroscopy. We assess two methods of signal transduction; cantilever resonant thermal expansion and scanning thermal microscopy. By means of rapid mechanical chopping (50-150 kHz), we modulate the IR-SR at rates matching the contact resonance frequencies of atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilevers, allowing us to record interferograms yielding Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) photothermal absorption spectra of polystyrene and cyanoacrylate films. Complementary offline measurements using a mechanically chopped CW IR laser confirmed that the resonant thermal expansion IR-SR measurements were below the diffraction limit, with a spatial resolution better than 500 nm achieved at a wavelength of 6 μm, i.e. λ/12 for the samples studied. Despite achieving the highest signal to noise so far for a scanning thermal microscopy measurement under conditions approaching near-field (dictated by thermal diffusion), the IR-SR resonant photothermal expansion FT-IR spectra measured were significantly higher in signal to noise in comparison with the scanning thermal data.

Toroidal Optical Microresonators as Single-Particle Absorption Spectrometers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heylman, Kevin D.

Single-particle and single-molecule measurements are invaluable tools for characterizing structural and energetic properties of molecules and nanomaterials. Photothermal microscopy in particular is an ultrasensitive technique capable of single-molecule resolution. In this thesis I introduce a new form of photothermal spectroscopy involving toroidal optical microresonators as detectors and a pair of non-interacting lasers as pump and probe for performing single-target absorption spectroscopy. The first three chapters will discuss the motivation, design principles, underlying theory, and fabrication process for the microresonator absorption spectrometer. With an early version of the spectrometer, I demonstrate photothermal mapping and all-optical tuning with toroids of different geometries in Chapter 4. In Chapter 5, I discuss photothermal mapping and measurement of the absolute absorption cross-sections of individual carbon nanotubes. For the next generation of measurements I incorporate all of the advances described in Chapter 2, including a double-modulation technique to improve detection limits and a tunable pump laser for spectral measurements on single gold nanoparticles. In Chapter 6 I observe sharp Fano resonances in the spectra of gold nanoparticles and describe them with a theoretical model. I continued to study this photonic-plasmonic hybrid system in Chapter 7 and explore the thermal tuning of the Fano resonance phase while quantifying the Fisher information. The new method of photothermal single-particle absorption spectroscopy that I will discuss in this thesis has reached record detection limits for microresonator sensing and is within striking distance of becoming the first single-molecule room-temperature absorption spectrometer.

Low Molecular Weight Norbornadiene Derivatives for Molecular Solar-Thermal Energy Storage.

PubMed

Quant, Maria; Lennartson, Anders; Dreos, Ambra; Kuisma, Mikael; Erhart, Paul; Börjesson, Karl; Moth-Poulsen, Kasper

2016-09-05

Molecular solar-thermal energy storage systems are based on molecular switches that reversibly convert solar energy into chemical energy. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, and computational evaluation of a series of low molecular weight (193-260 g mol(-1) ) norbornadiene-quadricyclane systems. The molecules feature cyano acceptor and ethynyl-substituted aromatic donor groups, leading to a good match with solar irradiation, quantitative photo-thermal conversion between the norbornadiene and quadricyclane, as well as high energy storage densities (396-629 kJ kg(-1) ). The spectroscopic properties and energy storage capability have been further evaluated through density functional theory calculations, which indicate that the ethynyl moiety plays a critical role in obtaining the high oscillator strengths seen for these molecules. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

Biofunctionalized Hybrid Magnetic Gold Nanoparticles as Catalysts for Photothermal Ablation of Colorectal Liver Metastases.

PubMed

White, Sarah B; Kim, Dong-Hyun; Guo, Yang; Li, Weiguo; Yang, Yihe; Chen, Jeane; Gogineni, Venkateswara R; Larson, Andrew C

2017-12-01

Purpose To demonstrate that anti-MG1 conjugated hybrid magnetic gold nanoparticles (HNPs) act as a catalyst during photothermal ablation (PTA) of colorectal liver metastases, and thus increase ablation zones. Materials and Methods All experiments were performed with approval of the institutional animal care and use committee. Therapeutic and diagnostic multifunctional HNPs conjugated with anti-MG1 monoclonal antibodies were synthesized, and the coupling efficiency was determined. Livers of 19 Wistar rats were implanted with 5 × 10 6 rat colorectal liver metastasis cell line cells. The rats were divided into three groups according to injection: anti-MG1-coupled HNPs (n = 6), HNPs only (n = 6), and cells only (control group, n = 7). Voxel-wise R2 and R2* magnetic resonance (MR) imaging measurements were obtained before, immediately after, and 24 hours after injection. PTA was then performed with a fiber-coupled near-infrared (808 nm) diode laser with laser power of 0.56 W/cm 2 for 3 minutes, while temperature changes were measured. Tumors were assessed for necrosis with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Organs were analyzed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to assess biodistribution. Therapeutic efficacy and tumor necrosis area were compared by using a one-way analysis of variance with post hoc analysis for statistically significant differences. Results The coupling efficiency was 22 μg/mg (55%). Significant differences were found between preinfusion and 24-hour postinfusion measurements of both T2 (repeated measures analysis of variance, P = .025) and T2* (P < .001). Significant differences also existed for T2* measurements between the anti-MG1 HNP and HNP-only groups (P = .034). Mean temperature ± standard deviation with PTA in the anti-MG1-coated HNP, HNP, and control groups was 50.2°C ± 7.8, 51°C ± 4.4, and 39.5°C ± 2.0, respectively. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry revealed significant tumor targeting and splenic sequestration. Mean percentages of tumor necrosis in the anti-MG1-coated HNP, HNP, and control groups were 38% ± 29, 14% ± 17, and 7% ± 8, respectively (P = .043). Conclusion Targeted monoclonal antibody-conjugated HNPs can serve as a catalyst for photothermal ablation of colorectal liver metastases by increasing ablation zones. © RSNA, 2017.

Basic and applied research program. Semiannual report, July-December 1978

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Butler, B.L.

1979-12-01

The status of research projects in the Basic and Applied Research Program at SERI is presented for the semiannual period ending December 31, 1978. The five tasks in this program are grouped into Materials Research and Development, Materials Processing and Development, Photoconversion Research, Exploratory Research, and Energy Resource and Assessment and have been carried out by personnel in the Materials, Bio/Chemical Conversion, and Energy Resource and Assessment Branches. Subtask elements in the task areas include coatings and films, polymers, metallurgy and corrosion, optical materials, surfaces and interfaces in materials research and development; photochemistry, photoelectrochemistry, and photobiology in photoconversion; thin glassmore » mirror development, silver degradation of mirrors, hail resistance of thin glass, thin glass manufacturing, cellular glass development, and sorption by desiccants in materials processing and development; and thermoelectric energy conversion, desiccant cooling, photothermal degradation, and amorphous materials in exploratory research. For each task or subtask element, the overview, scope, goals, approach, apparatus and equipment, and supporting subcontracts are presented, as applicable, in addition to the status of the projects in each task or subtask. Listing of publications and reports authored by personnel associated with the Basic and Applied Research Program and prepared or published during 1978 are also included.« less

Biocompatible silver nanoparticles embedded in a PEG-PLA polymeric matrix for stimulated laser light drug release

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Neri, F.; Scala, A.; Grimato, S.; Santoro, M.; Spadaro, S.; Barreca, F.; Cimino, F.; Speciale, A.; Saija, A.; Grassi, G.; Fazio, E.

2016-06-01

The laser-induced release of a well-known hepatoprotective drug (silibinin, SLB) from a temperature-sensitive polymeric composite loaded with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) was investigated. The surface chemistry tuning and the specific design of Ag NPs are fundamental in view of the engineering of specific stimuli-responsive systems, able to control drug release in response to external stimuli. The release profiles of SLB from the newly synthesized PEG-PLA@Ag composite show strong dependences on laser wavelength and Ag NPs' Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR). The resonant laser light excites the SPR of the NPs and the absorbed energy is converted into heat due to electron-photon collisions. The heat generated from the nanometer-sized metal particles embedded within the polymer is efficient and strongly localized. The nanovector, irradiated by a relatively low-intensity laser but tuned specifically to the metal NPs' SPR, releases the encapsulated drug with a higher efficiency than that not irradiated or irradiated with a laser wavelength far from the metal SPR. A combination of analytical techniques including UV-Vis, NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopy and scanning/transmission electron microscopy has been used to study the structural and morphological properties of the composite. The controllable specificity of this approach and the possibility of the SPR-mediated localized photothermal effect to be usefully applied in aqueous environments are the relevant advances of the proposed system for photothermal therapies that make use of visible optical radiation or for the drug delivery in proximity of the tumor cells.

An effective approach to reduce inflammation and stenosis in carotid artery: polypyrrole nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peng, Zhiyou; Qin, Jinbao; Li, Bo; Ye, Kaichuang; Zhang, Yuxin; Yang, Xinrui; Yuan, Fukang; Huang, Lijia; Hu, Junqing; Lu, Xinwu

2015-04-01

Photothermal therapy (PTT), as a promising treatment for tumours, has rarely been reported for application in artery restenosis, which is a common complication of endovascular management due to enduring chronic inflammation and abnormal cell proliferation. In our study, biodegradable polypyrrole nanoparticles (PPy-NPs) were synthesized and characterized, including their size distribution, UV-vis-NIR absorbance, molar extinction coefficients, and photothermal properties. We then verified that PPy-NP incubation followed by 915 nm near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation could effectively ablate inflammatory macrophages in vitro, leading to significant cell apoptosis and cell death. Further, it was found that a combination of local PPy-NP injection with 915 nm NIR laser irradiation could significantly alleviate arterial inflammation by eliminating infiltrating macrophages and further ameliorating artery stenosis in an ApoE-/- mouse model, without showing any obvious toxic side effects. Thus, we propose that PTT based on PPy-NPs as photothermal agents and a 915 nm NIR laser as a power source can serve as a new effective treatment for reducing inflammation and stenosis formation in inflamed arteries after endovascular management.Photothermal therapy (PTT), as a promising treatment for tumours, has rarely been reported for application in artery restenosis, which is a common complication of endovascular management due to enduring chronic inflammation and abnormal cell proliferation. In our study, biodegradable polypyrrole nanoparticles (PPy-NPs) were synthesized and characterized, including their size distribution, UV-vis-NIR absorbance, molar extinction coefficients, and photothermal properties. We then verified that PPy-NP incubation followed by 915 nm near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation could effectively ablate inflammatory macrophages in vitro, leading to significant cell apoptosis and cell death. Further, it was found that a combination of local PPy-NP injection with 915 nm NIR laser irradiation could significantly alleviate arterial inflammation by eliminating infiltrating macrophages and further ameliorating artery stenosis in an ApoE-/- mouse model, without showing any obvious toxic side effects. Thus, we propose that PTT based on PPy-NPs as photothermal agents and a 915 nm NIR laser as a power source can serve as a new effective treatment for reducing inflammation and stenosis formation in inflamed arteries after endovascular management. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Figures. See DOI: 10.1039/c5nr00542f

Resolution enhancement of pump-probe microscope with an inverse-annular filter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kobayashi, Takayoshi; Kawasumi, Koshi; Miyazaki, Jun; Nakata, Kazuaki

2018-04-01

Optical pump-probe microscopy can provide images by detecting changes in probe light intensity induced by stimulated emission, photoinduced absorbance change, or photothermal-induced refractive index change in either transmission or reflection mode. Photothermal microscopy, which is one type of optical pump-probe microscopy, has intrinsically super resolution capability due to the bilinear dependence of signal intensity of pump and probe. We introduce new techniques for further resolution enhancement and fast imaging in photothermal microscope. First, we introduce a new pupil filter, an inverse-annular pupil filter in a pump-probe photothermal microscope, which provides resolution enhancement in three dimensions. The resolutions are proved to be improved in lateral and axial directions by imaging experiment using 20-nm gold nanoparticles. The improvement in X (perpendicular to the common pump and probe polarization direction), Y (parallel to the polarization direction), and Z (axial direction) are by 15 ± 6, 8 ± 8, and 21 ± 2% from the resolution without a pupil filter. The resolution enhancement is even better than the calculation using vector field, which predicts the corresponding enhancement of 11, 8, and 6%. The discussion is made to explain the unexpected results. We also demonstrate the photothermal imaging of thick biological samples (cells from rabbit intestine and kidney) stained with hematoxylin and eosin dye with the inverse-annular filter. Second, a fast, high-sensitivity photothermal microscope is developed by implementing a spatially segmented balanced detection scheme into a laser scanning microscope using a Galvano mirror. We confirm a 4.9 times improvement in signal-to-noise ratio in the spatially segmented balanced detection compared with that of conventional detection. The system demonstrates simultaneous bi-modal photothermal and confocal fluorescence imaging of transgenic mouse brain tissue with a pixel dwell time of 20 µs. The fluorescence image visualizes neurons expressing yellow fluorescence proteins, while the photothermal signal detected endogenous chromophores in the mouse brain, allowing 3D visualization of the distribution of various features such as blood cells and fine structures most probably due to lipids. This imaging modality was constructed using compact and cost-effective laser diodes, and will thus be widely useful in the life and medical sciences. Third, we have made further resolution improvement of high-sensitivity laser scanning photothermal microscopy by applying non-linear detection. By this, the new method has super resolution with 61 and 42% enhancement from the diffraction limit values of the probe and pump wavelengths, respectively, by a second-order non-linear scheme and a high-frame rate in a laser scanning microscope. The maximum resolution is determined to be 160 nm in the second-order non-linear detection mode and 270 nm in the linear detection mode by the PT signal of GNPs. The pixel rate and frame rate for 300 × 300 pixel image are 50 µs and 4.5 s, respectively. The pixel and frame rate are shorter than the rates, those are 1 ms and 100 s, using the piezo-driven stage system.

Biodegradable protein-based rockets for drug transportation and light-triggered release.

PubMed

Wu, Zhiguang; Lin, Xiankun; Zou, Xian; Sun, Jianmin; He, Qiang

2015-01-14

We describe a biodegradable, self-propelled bovine serum albumin/poly-l-lysine (PLL/BSA) multilayer rocket as a smart vehicle for efficient anticancer drug encapsulation/delivery to cancer cells and near-infrared light controlled release. The rockets were constructed by a template-assisted layer-by-layer assembly of the PLL/BSA layers, followed by incorporation of a heat-sensitive gelatin hydrogel containing gold nanoparticles, doxorubicin, and catalase. These rockets can rapidly deliver the doxorubicin to the targeted cancer cell with a speed of up to 68 μm/s, through a combination of biocatalytic bubble propulsion and magnetic guidance. The photothermal effect of the gold nanoparticles under NIR irradiation enable the phase transition of the gelatin hydrogel for rapid release of the loaded doxorubicin and efficient killing of the surrounding cancer cells. Such biodegradable and multifunctional protein-based microrockets provide a convenient and efficient platform for the rapid delivery and controlled release of therapeutic drugs.

Optimization of Neutral Atom Imagers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shappirio, M.; Coplan, M.; Balsamo, E.; Chornay, D.; Collier, M.; Hughes, P.; Keller, J.; Ogilvie, K.; Williams, E.

2008-01-01

The interactions between plasma structures and neutral atom populations in interplanetary space can be effectively studied with energetic neutral atom imagers. For neutral atoms with energies less than 1 keV, the most efficient detection method that preserves direction and energy information is conversion to negative ions on surfaces. We have examined a variety of surface materials and conversion geometries in order to identify the factors that determine conversion efficiency. For chemically and physically stable surfaces smoothness is of primary importance while properties such as work function have no obvious correlation to conversion efficiency. For the noble metals, tungsten, silicon, and graphite with comparable smoothness, conversion efficiency varies by a factor of two to three. We have also examined the way in which surface conversion efficiency varies with the angle of incidence of the neutral atom and have found that the highest efficiencies are obtained at angles of incidence greater then 80deg. The conversion efficiency of silicon, tungsten and graphite were examined most closely and the energy dependent variation of conversion efficiency measured over a range of incident angles. We have also developed methods for micromachining silicon in order to reduce the volume to surface area over that of a single flat surface and have been able to reduce volume to surface area ratios by up to a factor of 60. With smooth micro-machined surfaces of the optimum geometry, conversion efficiencies can be increased by an order of magnitude over instruments like LENA on the IMAGE spacecraft without increase the instruments mass or volume.

Microbubble-assisted optofluidic control using a photothermal waveguide

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheng, YuPeng; Yang, JianXin; Li, ZongBao; Zhu, DeBin; Cai, Xiang; Hu, Xiaowen; Huang, Wen; Xing, XiaoBo

2017-10-01

A convenient and easily controllable microfluidic system was proposed based on a photothermal device. Here, graphene oxide was assembled on an optical waveguide, which could serve as a miniature heat source to generate a microbubble and to control dynamic behaviors of flow by adjusting optical power at the micrometer scale. Micro/nanoparticles were used to demonstrate the trace of fluid flow around the microbubble, which displayed the ability of the flow to capture, transmit, and rotate particles in thermal convection. Correspondingly, three-dimensional theoretical simulation combining thermodynamics with hydrodynamics analyzed the distribution of the velocity field induced by the microbubble for collection and driving of particles. Furthermore, the photothermal waveguide would be developed into a microbubble-based device in the manipulation or transmission of micro/nanoparticles.

Microfluidic Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Photothermal Biodegradable Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles.

PubMed

Ortiz de Solorzano, Isabel; Prieto, Martín; Mendoza, Gracia; Alejo, Teresa; Irusta, Silvia; Sebastian, Victor; Arruebo, Manuel

2016-08-24

The continuous synthesis of biodegradable photothermal copper sulfide nanoparticles has been carried out with the aid of a microfluidic platform. A comparative physicochemical characterization of the resulting products from the microreactor and from a conventional batch reactor has been performed. The microreactor is able to operate in a continuous manner and with a 4-fold reduction in the synthesis times compared to that of the conventional batch reactor producing nanoparticles with the same physicochemical requirements. Biodegradation subproducts obtained under simulated physiological conditions have been identified, and a complete cytotoxicological analysis on different cell lines was performed. The photothermal effect of those nanomaterials has been demonstrated in vitro as well as their ability to generate reactive oxygen species.

Photothermal and infrared thermography characterizations of thermal diffusion in hydroxyapatite materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bante-Guerra, J.; Conde-Contreras, M.; Trujillo, S.; Martinez-Torres, P.; Cruz-Jimenez, B.; Quintana, P.; Alvarado-Gil, J. J.

2009-02-01

Non destructive analysis of hydroxyapatite materials is an active research area mainly in the study of dental pieces and bones due to the importance these pieces have in medicine, archeology, dentistry, forensics and anthropology. Infrared thermography and photothermal techniques constitute highly valuable tools in those cases. In this work the quantitative analysis of thermal diffusion in bones is presented. The results obtained using thermographic images are compared with the ones obtained from the photothermal radiometry. Special emphasis is done in the analysis of samples with previous thermal damage. Our results show that the treatments induce changes in the physical properties of the samples. These results could be useful in the identification of the agents that induced modifications of unknown origin in hydroxyapatite structures.

Photo-nano immunotherapy for metastatic cancers (Conference Presentation)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Feifan

2016-03-01

We constructed a multifunction nano system SWNT-GC and investigated the synergize photothermal and immunological effects. Here, we improve the SWNT-GC nano system and design a new synergistic nano-particle, both have the photothermal effects and immunological effects. We investigate the therapeutic effects and detect the immune response with metastatic mouse tumor models. We also study the therapeutic mechanism after treatment in vitro and in vivo. With the enhancement of nano-materials on photothermal effects, laser treatment could destroy primary tumor and protect normal tissue with low dose laser irradiation. With the immunological effects of nano-materials, the treatment could trigger specific antitumor immune response, to eliminate the metastasis tumor. It is providing a promising treatment modality for the metastatic cancers.

Electroviscous effect and electrokinetic energy conversion in time periodic pressure-driven flow through a parallel-plate nanochannel with surface charge-dependent slip

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Buren, Mandula; Jian, Yongjun; Zhao, Yingchun; Chang, Long

2018-05-01

In this paper we analytically investigate the electroviscous effect and electrokinetic energy conversion in the time periodic pressure-driven flow of an incompressible viscous Newtonian liquid through a parallel-plate nanochannel with surface charge-dependent slip. Analytical and semi-analytical solutions for electric potential, velocity and streaming electric field are obtained and are utilized to compute electrokinetic energy conversion efficiency. The results show that velocity amplitude and energy conversion efficiency are reduced when the effect of surface charge on slip length is considered. The surface charge effect increases with zeta potential and ionic concentration. In addition, the energy conversion efficiency is large when the ratio of channel half-height to the electric double layer thickness is small. The boundary slip results in a large increase in energy conversion. Higher values of the frequency of pressure pulsation lead to higher values of the energy conversion efficiency. We also obtain the energy conversion efficiency in constant pressure-driven flow and find that the energy conversion efficiency in periodical pressure-driven flow becomes larger than that in constant pressure-driven flow when the frequency is large enough.

Method to monitor HC-SCR catalyst NOx reduction performance for lean exhaust applications

DOEpatents

Viola, Michael B [Macomb Township, MI; Schmieg, Steven J [Troy, MI; Sloane, Thompson M [Oxford, MI; Hilden, David L [Shelby Township, MI; Mulawa, Patricia A [Clinton Township, MI; Lee, Jong H [Rochester Hills, MI; Cheng, Shi-Wai S [Troy, MI

2012-05-29

A method for initiating a regeneration mode in selective catalytic reduction device utilizing hydrocarbons as a reductant includes monitoring a temperature within the aftertreatment system, monitoring a fuel dosing rate to the selective catalytic reduction device, monitoring an initial conversion efficiency, selecting a determined equation to estimate changes in a conversion efficiency of the selective catalytic reduction device based upon the monitored temperature and the monitored fuel dosing rate, estimating changes in the conversion efficiency based upon the determined equation and the initial conversion efficiency, and initiating a regeneration mode for the selective catalytic reduction device based upon the estimated changes in conversion efficiency.

Eradicating group A streptococcus bacteria and biofilms using functionalised multi-wall carbon nanotubes.

PubMed

Levi-Polyachenko, Nicole; Young, Christie; MacNeill, Christopher; Braden, Amy; Argenta, Louis; Reid, Sean

2014-11-01

The aim of this study was to demonstrate that multi-wall carbon nanotubes can be functionalised with antibodies to group A streptoccocus (GAS) for targeted photothermal ablation of planktonic and biofilm residing bacteria. Antibodies for GAS were covalently attached to carboxylated multi-wall carbon nanotubes and incubated with either planktonic or biofilm GAS. Bacterium was then exposed to 1.3 W/cm(2) of 800 nm light for 10-120 s, and then serially diluted onto agar plates from which the number of colony forming units was determined. Photothermal ablation of GAS on the surface of full thickness ex vivo porcine skin and histological sectioning were done to examine damage in adjacent tissue. Approximately 14% of the GAS antibody-functionalised nanotubes attached to the bacterium, and this amount was found to be capable of inducing photothermal ablation of GAS upon exposure to 1.3 W/cm(2) of 800 nm light. Cell viability was not decreased upon exposure to nanotubes or infrared light alone. Compared to carboxylated multi-wall carbon nanotubes, antibody-labelled nanotubes enhanced killing in both planktonic and biofilm GAS in conjunction with infrared light. Analysis of GAS photothermally ablated in direct contact with ex vivo porcine skin shows that heat sufficient for killing GAS remains localised and does not cause collateral damage in tissue adjacent to the treated area. The results of this study support the premise that carbon nanotubes may be effectively utilised as highly localised photothermal agents with the potential for translation into the clinical treatment of bacterial infections of soft tissue.

Scanning electron microscopy of real and artificial kidney stones before and after Thulium fiber laser ablation in air and water

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hardy, Luke A.; Irby, Pierce B.; Fried, Nathaniel M.

2018-02-01

We investigated proposed mechanisms of laser lithotripsy, specifically for the novel, experimental Thulium fiber laser (TFL). Previous lithotripsy studies with the conventional Holmium:YAG laser noted a primary photothermal mechanism (vaporization). Our hypothesis is that an additional mechanical effect (fragmentation) occurs due to vaporization of water in stone material from high absorption of energy, called micro-explosions. The TFL irradiated calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and uric acid (UA) stones, as well as artificial stones (Ultracal30 and BegoStone), in air and water environments. TFL energy was varied to determine the relative effect on the ablation mechanism. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study qualitative and characteristic changes in surface topography with correlation to presumed ablation mechanisms. Laser irradiation of stones in air produced charring and melting of the stone surface consistent with a photothermal effect and minimal fragmentation, suggesting no mechanical effect from micro-explosions. For COM stones ablated in water, there was prominent fragmentation in addition to recognized photothermal effects, supporting dual mechanisms during TFL lithotripsy. For UA stones, there were minimal photothermal effects, and dominant effects were mechanical. By increasing TFL pulse energy, a greater mechanical effect was demonstrated for both stone types. For artificial stones, there was no significant evidence of mechanical effects. TFL laser lithotripsy relies on two prominent mechanisms for stone ablation, photothermal and mechanical. Water is necessary for the mechanical effect which can be augmented by increasing pulse energy. Artificial stones may not provide a predictive model for mechanical effects during laser lithotripsy.

Solar-Light-Driven Renewable Butanol Separation by Core-Shell Ag@ZIF-8 Nanowires.

PubMed

Liu, Xu; He, Liangcan; Zheng, Jianzhong; Guo, Jun; Bi, Feng; Ma, Xiang; Zhao, Kun; Liu, Yaling; Song, Rui; Tang, Zhiyong

2015-06-03

Core-shell Ag@ZIF-8 nanowires, where single Ag nanowires are coated with uniform zeolitic-imidazolate-framework-8 (ZIF-8) shells, successfully realize renewable adsorptive separation of low concentrations of butanol from an aqueous medium under solar light irradiation by taking advantage of the exceptional adsorption capability of the ZIF-8 shells toward butanol and the unique plasmonic photothermal effect of the Ag nanowire cores. Impressively, the high separation efficiency is maintained as almost unchanged, even after 10 adsorption/desorption cycles. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Compact solar autoclave based on steam generation using broadband light-harvesting nanoparticles.

PubMed

Neumann, Oara; Feronti, Curtis; Neumann, Albert D; Dong, Anjie; Schell, Kevin; Lu, Benjamin; Kim, Eric; Quinn, Mary; Thompson, Shea; Grady, Nathaniel; Nordlander, Peter; Oden, Maria; Halas, Naomi J

2013-07-16

The lack of readily available sterilization processes for medicine and dentistry practices in the developing world is a major risk factor for the propagation of disease. Modern medical facilities in the developed world often use autoclave systems to sterilize medical instruments and equipment and process waste that could contain harmful contagions. Here, we show the use of broadband light-absorbing nanoparticles as solar photothermal heaters, which generate high-temperature steam for a standalone, efficient solar autoclave useful for sanitation of instruments or materials in resource-limited, remote locations. Sterilization was verified using a standard Geobacillus stearothermophilus-based biological indicator.

Clean Photothermal Heating and Controlled Release from Near-Infrared Dye Doped Nanoparticles without Oxygen Photosensitization.

PubMed

Guha, Samit; Shaw, Scott K; Spence, Graeme T; Roland, Felicia M; Smith, Bradley D

2015-07-21

The photothermal heating and release properties of biocompatible organic nanoparticles, doped with a near-infrared croconaine (Croc) dye, were compared with analogous nanoparticles doped with the common near-infrared dyes ICG and IR780. Separate formulations of lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles and liposomes, each containing Croc dye, absorbed strongly at 808 nm and generated clean laser-induced heating (no production of (1)O2 and no photobleaching of the dye). In contrast, laser-induced heating of nanoparticles containing ICG or IR780 produced reactive (1)O2, leading to bleaching of the dye and also decomposition of coencapsulated payload such as the drug doxorubicin. Croc dye was especially useful as a photothermal agent for laser-controlled release of chemically sensitive payload from nanoparticles. Solution state experiments demonstrated repetitive fractional release of water-soluble fluorescent dye from the interior of thermosensitive liposomes. Additional experiments used a focused laser beam to control leakage from immobilized liposomes with very high spatial and temporal precision. The results indicate that fractional photothermal leakage from nanoparticles doped with Croc dye is a promising method for a range of controlled release applications.

Multibuilding Block Janus Synthesized by Seed-Mediated Self-Assembly for Enhanced Photothermal Effects and Colored Brownian Motion in an Optical Trap.

PubMed

Sansanaphongpricha, Kanokwan; DeSantis, Michael C; Chen, Hongwei; Cheng, Wei; Sun, Kai; Wen, Bo; Sun, Duxin

2017-02-01

The asymmetrical features and unique properties of multibuilding block Janus nanostructures (JNSs) provide superior functions for biomedical applications. However, their production process is very challenging. This problem has hampered the progress of JNS research and the exploration of their applications. In this study, an asymmetrical multibuilding block gold/iron oxide JNS has been generated to enhance photothermal effects and display colored Brownian motion in an optical trap. JNS is formed by seed-mediated self-assembly of nanoparticle-loaded thermocleavable micelles, where the hydrophobic backbones of the polymer are disrupted at high temperatures, resulting in secondary self-assembly and structural rearrangement. The JNS significantly enhances photothermal effects compared to their homogeneous counterpart after near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. The asymmetrical distribution of gold and iron oxide within JNS also generates uneven thermophoretic force to display active colored Brownian rotational motion in a single-beam gradient optical trap. These properties indicate that the asymmetrical JNS could be employed as a strong photothermal therapy mediator and a fuel-free nanoscale Janus motor under NIR light. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

During air cool process aerosol absorption detection with photothermal interferometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Baosheng; Xu, Limei; Huang, Junling; Ma, Fei; Wang, Yicheng; Li, Zhengqiang

2014-11-01

This paper studies the basic principle of laser photothermal interferometry method of aerosol particles absorption coefficient. The photothermal interferometry method with higher accuracy and lower uncertainty can directly measure the absorption coefficient of atmospheric aerosols and not be affected by scattered light. With Jones matrix expression, the math expression of a special polarization interferometer is described. This paper using folded Jamin interferometer, which overcomes the influence of vibration on measuring system. Interference come from light polarization beam with two orthogonal and then combine to one beam, finally aerosol absorption induced refractive index changes can be gotten with four beam of phase orthogonal light. These kinds of styles really improve the stability of system and resolution of the system. Four-channel detections interact with interference fringes, to reduce the light intensity `zero drift' effect on the system. In the laboratory, this device typical aerosol absorption index, it shows that the result completely agrees with actual value. After heated by laser, cool process of air also show the process of aerosol absorption. This kind of instrument will be used to monitor ambient aerosol absorption and suspended particulate matter chemical component. Keywords: Aerosol absorption coefficient; Photothermal interferometry; Suspended particulate matter.

Clean Photothermal Heating and Controlled Release From Near Infrared Dye Doped Nanoparticles Without Oxygen Photosensitization

PubMed Central

Guha, Samit; Shaw, Scott K.; Spence, Graeme T.; Roland, Felicia M.; Smith, Bradley D.

2015-01-01

The photothermal heating and release properties of biocompatible organic nanoparticles, doped with a near-infrared croconaine (Croc) dye, were compared with analogous nanoparticles doped with the common near-infrared dyes ICG and IR780. Separate formulations of lipid-polymer-hybrid nanoparticles and liposomes, each containing Croc dye, absorbed strongly at 808 nm and generated clean laser-induced heating (no production of 1O2 and no photobleaching of the dye). In contrast, laser-induced heating of nanoparticles containing ICG or IR780 produced reactive 1O2 leading to bleaching of the dye and also decomposition of co-encapsulated payload such as the drug Doxorubicin. Croc dye was especially useful as a photothermal agent for laser controlled release of chemically sensitive payload from nanoparticles. Solution state experiments demonstrated repetitive fractional release of water soluble fluorescent dye from the interior of thermosensitive liposomes. Additional experiments used a focused laser beam to control leakage from immobilized liposomes with very high spatial and temporal precision. The results indicate that fractional photothermal leakage from nanoparticles doped with Croc dye is a promising method for a range of controlled release applications. PMID:26149326

Combination of active targeting, enzyme-triggered release and fluorescent dye into gold nanoclusters for endomicroscopy-guided photothermal/photodynamic therapy to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

PubMed

Li, Hui; Wang, Ping; Deng, Yunxiang; Zeng, Meiying; Tang, Yan; Zhu, Wei-Hong; Cheng, Yingsheng

2017-09-01

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most devastating malignancies in patients, and there is an urgent need for an effective treatment method. Herein, we report a novel gold nanocluster-based platform for confocal laser endomicroscopy-guided photothermal therapy (PTT)/photodynamic therapy (PDT) for PDAC, which consists of four components: the PTT-carrier gold nanocluster, an active targeting ligand U11 peptide, a Cathepsin E (CTSE)-sensitive PDT therapy prodrug, and a CTSE-sensitive imaging agent (cyanine dye Cy5.5). Due to the strong coupling among cross-linked gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), the surface plasmon resonance peak of nanoclusters shifts to the near-infrared (NIR) region, thus making the nanoclusters useful in the effective PTT therapy. In the system, the labeling of nanoclusters with U11 peptide can distinctly increase their affinity and accelerate their uptake by pancreatic cancer cells. Cell apoptosis staining demonstrates that, upon incorporation of the uPAR-targeted unit, the antitumor efficacy of CTSE-sensitive nanocluster AuS-U11 is significantly enhanced with respect to that of the non-targeted nanocluster AuS-PEG and the insensitive nanocluster AuC-PEG. In vivo and ex vivo optical imaging confirms the high accumulation of AuS-U11 in the in situ pancreatic tumor model. Therapeutic studies further show that the combination of active targeting for tumor tissue, enzyme-triggered drug release of 5-ALA and fluorescent dye Cy5.5 in nanoclusters AuS-U11 could achieve optimal therapeutic efficacy with endomicroscopy-guided photothermal/photodynamic therapy with minimal side effects. As a consequence, the delicate gold nanocluster concept provides a promising strategy to enhance the therapy efficiency in the most challenging PDAC treatment. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Small-animal PET of tumor damage induced by photothermal ablation with 64Cu-bis-DOTA-hypericin.

PubMed

Song, Shaoli; Xiong, Chiyi; Zhou, Min; Lu, Wei; Huang, Qian; Ku, Geng; Zhao, Jun; Flores, Leo G; Ni, Yicheng; Li, Chun

2011-05-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential application of small-molecular-weight (64)Cu-labeled bis-DOTA-hypericin in the noninvasive assessment of response to photothermal ablation therapy. Bis-DOTA-hypericin was labeled with (64)Cu with high efficiency (>95% without purification). Nine mice bearing subcutaneous human mammary BT474 tumors were used. Five mice were injected intratumorally with semiconductor CuS nanoparticles, followed by near-infrared laser irradiation 24 h later (12 W/cm(2) for 3 min), and 4 mice were not treated (control group). All mice were intravenously injected with (64)Cu-bis-DOTA-hypericin (24 h after laser treatment in treated mice). Small-animal PET images were acquired at 2, 6, and 24 h after radiotracer injection. All mice were killed immediately after the imaging session for biodistribution and histology study. In vitro cell uptake and surface plasmon resonance studies were performed to validate the small-animal PET results. (64)Cu-bis-DOTA-hypericin uptake was significantly higher in the treatment group than in the control group. The percentage injected dose per gram of tissue in the treated and control groups was 1.72 ± 0.43 and 0.76 ± 0.19, respectively (P = 0.017), at 24 h after injection. Autoradiography and histology results were consistent with selective uptake of the radiotracer in the necrotic zone of the tumor induced by photothermal ablation therapy. In vitro results showed that treated BT474 cells had a higher uptake of (64)Cu-bis-DOTA-hypericin than nontreated cells. Surface plasmon resonance study showed that bis-DOTA-hypericin had higher binding affinity to phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine than to phosphatidylcholine. (64)Cu-bis-DOTA-hypericin has a potential to image thermal therapy-induced tumor cell damage. The affinity of (64)Cu-bis-DOTA-hypericin for injured tissues may be attributed to the breakdown of the cell membrane and exposure of phosphatidylserine or phosphatidylethanolamine to the radiotracer, which binds selectively to these phospholipids.

Gold Nanoparticle Labeling Based ICP-MS Detection/Measurement of Bacteria, and Their Quantitative Photothermal Destruction

PubMed Central

Lin, Yunfeng

2015-01-01

Bacteria such as Salmonella and E. coli present a great challenge in public health care in today’s society. Protection of public safety against bacterial contamination and rapid diagnosis of infection require simple and fast assays for the detection and elimination of bacterial pathogens. After utilizing Salmonella DT104 as an example bacterial strain for our investigation, we report a rapid and sensitive assay for the qualitative and quantitative detection of bacteria by using antibody affinity binding, popcorn shaped gold nanoparticle (GNPOPs) labeling, surfance enchanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detection. For qualitative analysis, our assay can detect Salmonella within 10 min by Raman spectroscopy; for quantitative analysis, our assay has the ability to measure as few as 100 Salmonella DT104 in a 1 mL sample (100 CFU/mL) within 40 min. Based on the quantitative detection, we investigated the quantitative destruction of Salmonella DT104, and the assay’s photothermal efficiency in order to reduce the amount of GNPOPs in the assay to ultimately to eliminate any potential side effects/toxicity to the surrounding cells in vivo. Results suggest that our assay may serve as a promising candidate for qualitative and quantitative detection and elimination of a variety of bacterial pathogens. PMID:26417447