Volume 241, Issue15 (December 2004)
Articles in the Current Issue:
Cover Picture
Quasi-localized low-frequency vibrational modes of disordered solids: Study by single-molecule spectroscopy
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Naumov, A. V.; Vainer, Yu. G.; Bauer, M.; Kador, L.
2004-12-01
Editor's Choice of this issue of physica status solidi (b) is the article [1] by Andrei V. Naumov et al. This paper is Part II (Part I see [2]) of a study on elementary excitations in glasses, presented at the 11th International Conference on Phonon Scattering in Condensed Matter, St. Petersburg, 25-30 July 2004. For his outstanding talk, Naumov received the new physica status solidi Young Researcher Award which was bestowed for the first time at this conference.The cover picture is a sketch of a glass with a single impurity molecule and one hypothetical quasi-localized vibrational mode. The broadening and shift of the chromophore spectral line are caused by the interaction with this mode.Andrei V. Naumov is senior scientific researcher and deputy head of the Molecular Spectroscopy Department of the Institute of Spectroscopy, Troitsk. His main research interests are experimental and theoretical studies of low-temperature dynamics of amorphous solids (glasses, polymers etc.) via high resolution laser selective spectroscopy techniques.The second Editor's Choice is an article by E. A. Eliseev and M. D. Glinchuk [3]. Eugene A. Eliseev is scientific researcher at the Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Science of the Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences, Kiev. His research areas are the theory of size and correlation effects in ferroelectric materials as well as modelling of disordered ferroelectrics properties.
Trasforiiazioni Termoelastiche Finite di Solidi Incomprimibili
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Signorini, A.
Queste lezlioni hanno come direttiva una sintesi di quanto si trova sistematicamente sviluppato in una mia Memoria sulle trasformazioni termoelastiche finite di solidi incomprimibili, in corso di stampa negli Annali di Matematica pura e applicata t. XXXIX ( 1955) pp. 147-201 , Verranno anche esposti, come necessaria premessa, alcuni d ei risultati di due precedenti Memorie degli stessi Annali. Invece, per motivo di brevità, non potrò dare neppure un cenno delle ulteriori ricerche svilup pate dal prof. T. Manacorda in tre recentissimi suoi lavori:
Preface: phys. stat. sol. (b) 243/5
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Artacho, Emilio; Beck, Thomas L.; Hernández, Eduardo
Between 20 and 24 June 2005 the Centre Européen de Calcul Atomique et Moléculaire - or CECAM, as it is more widely known - hosted a workshop entitled State-of-the-art, developments and perspectives of real-space electronic structure methods in condensed-matter and chemical physics, organized with the support of CECAM itself and the ?k network. The workshop was attended by some forty participants coming from fifteen countries, and about thirty presentations were given. The workshop provided a lively forum for the discussion of recent methodological developments in electronic structure calculations, ranging from linear-scaling methods, mesh techniques, time-dependent density functional methods, and a long etcetera, which had been our ultimate objective when undertaking its organization.The first-principles simulation of solids, liquids and complex matter in general has jumped in the last few years from the relatively confined niches in condensed matter and materials physics and in quantum chemistry, to cover most of the sciences, including nano, bio, geo, environmental sciences and engineering. This effect has been propitiated by the ability of simulation techniques to deal with an ever larger degree of complexity. Although this is partially to be attributed to the steady increase in computer power, the main factor behind this change has been the coming of age of the main theoretical framework for most of the simulations performed today, together with an extremely active development of the basic algorithms for its computer implementation. It is this latter aspect that is the topic of this special issue of physica status solidi.There is a relentless effort in the scientific community seeking to achieve not only higher accuracy, but also more efficient, cost-effective and if possible simpler computational methods in electronic structure calculations [1]. From the early 1990s onwards there has been a keen interest in the computational condensed matter and chemical physics communities in methods that had the potential to overcome the unfavourable scaling of the computational cost with the system size, implicit in the momentum-space formalism familiar to solid-state physicists and the quantum chemistry approaches more common in chemical physics and physical chemistry. This interest was sparkled by the famous paper in which Weitao Yang [2] introduced the Divide and Conquer method. Soon afterwards several practical schemes aiming to achieve linear-scaling calculations, by exploiting what Walter Kohn called most aptly the near-sightedness of quantum mechanics [3], were proposed and explored (for a review on linear-scaling methods, see [4]). This search for novel, more efficient and better scaling algorithms proved to be fruitful in more than one way. Not only was it the start of several packages which are well-known today (such as Siesta, Conquest, etc.), but it also leads to new ways of representing electronic states and orbitals, such as grids [5, 6], wavelets [7], finite elements, etc. Also, the drive to exploit near-sightedness attracted computational solid state physicists to the type of atomic-like basis functions traditionally used in the quantum chemistry community. At the same time computational chemists learnt about plane waves and density functional theory, and thus a fruitful dialogue was started between two communities that hitherto had not had much contact.Another interesting development that has begun to take place over the last decade or so is the convergence of several branches of science, notably physics, chemistry and biology, at the nanoscale. Experimentalists in all these different fields are now performing highly sophisticated measurements on systems of nanometer size, the kind of systems that us theoreticians can address with our computational methods, and this convergence of experiment and theory at this scale has also been very fruitful, particularly in the fields of electronic transport and STM image simulation. It is now quite common to find papers at the cutting edge of nanoscience and nanotechnology co-authored by experimentalists and theorists, and it can only be expected that this fruitful interplay between theory and experiment will increase in the future.It was considerations such as these that moved us to propose to CECAM and ?k the celebration of a workshop devoted to the discussion of recent developments in electronic structure techniques, a proposal that was enthusiastically received, not just by CECAM and ?k, but also by our invited speakers and participants. Interest in novel electronic structure methods is now as high as ever, and we are therefore very happy that physica status solidi has given us the opportunity to devote a special issue to the topics covered in the workshop. This special issue of physica status solidi gathers invited contributions from several attendants to the workshop, contributions that are representative of the range of topics and issues discussed then, including progress in linear scaling methods, electronic transport, simulation of STM images, time-dependent DFT methods, etc. It rests for us to thank all the contributors to this special issue for their efforts, CECAM and ?k for funding the workshop, physica status solidi for agreeing to devote this special issue to the workshop, and last but not least Emmanuelle and Emilie, the CECAM secretaries, for their invaluable practical help in putting this workshop together
Martin Stutzmann: Editor, Teacher, Scientist and Friend
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cardona, Manuel
2005-02-01
On 2 January 1995 Martin Stutzmann became Editor-in-Chief of physica status solidi, replacing Professor E. Gutsche, who had led the journal through the stormy period involving the fall of the Iron Curtain, the unification of Germany and the change in its Eastern part, where physica status solidi was based, from socialism as found in the real world (a German concept) to real world capitalism. In 1995 it was thought that the process had been completed (we should have known better!) and after the retirement of Prof. Gutsche the new owners of physica status solidi (Wiley-VCH) decided that a change in scientific management was desirable to adapt to the new socio-political facts and to insure the scientific continuity of the journal.Martin had moved in 1993 from my department at the Max-Planck-Institute to Munich where he soon displayed a tremendous amount of science man- agement ability during the build-up of the Walter Schottky Institute. The search for a successor as Edi- tor-in-Chief was not easy: the job was not very glamorous after the upheavals which had taken place in the editorial world following the political changes. Somebody in the Editorial Boards must have suggested Martin Stutzmann. I am sure that there was opposition: one usually looks for a well-established person ready to leave his direct involvement in science and take up a new endeavor of a more administrative nature. Nevertheless, the powers that be soon realized that Martin was an excellent, if somewhat unconventional candidate who had enough energy to remain a topnotch scientist and to lead the journal in the difficult times ahead: he was offered the job. In the negotiations that followed, he insisted in getting the administrative structures that would allow him to improve the battered quality of the journal and to continue his scientific productivity. Today we are happy to see that he succeeded in both endeavors. The journal has since grown in size and considerably improved its quality.Martin Stutzmann's scientific output has continued and today he can be found listed among the 400 most cited physicists worldwide. According to the Institute of Scientific Information (ISI) he has published nearly 400 articles in source journals; they have been cited over 4600 times. His scientific visibility has been partly responsible for the success of the journal under his leadership. When he took over in 1995 the Impact Factors of physica status solidi (a) and (b) were about 0.5. Now they oscillate around 1.0. The journals occupy places 30 (a) and 29 (b) among the 57 condensed matter publications listed in the ISI. Six years ago these places were 34 (a) and 30 (b). The journal is even better placed with respect to the so-called cited half-life which is 8.2 years for pss (a) (place 16 among 57) and 6.7 years for pss (b) (place 20 among 57). Martin, of course, has contributed with his original publications to the success of the journal, having published 36 articles in pss (a) and 32 in pss (b).I would like to some of the editorial decisions implemented under Martin's leadership. They have been largely responsible for the quantitative improvements just described.
Structure and Electronic Properties of Ionized PAH Clusters
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Joblin, Christine; Kokkin, Damian L.; Sabbah, Hassan; Bonnamy, Anthony; Dontot, Leo; Rapacioli, Mathias; Simon, Aude; Spiegelman, Fernand; Parneix, Pascal; Pino, Thomas; Pirali, Olivier; Falvo, Cyril; Gamboa, Antonio; Brechignac, Philippe; Garcia, Gustavo A.; Nahon, Laurent
2014-06-01
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) clusters have been proposed as candidates for evaporating very small grains that are revealed by their mid-IR emission at the surface of UV-irradiated clouds in interstellar space. This suggestion is a motivation for further characterization of the properties of these clusters in particular when they are ionized. We have used a molecular beam coupled to the photoelectron-photoion coincidence spectrometer DELICIOUS II/ III at the VUV beamline DESIRS of the synchrotron SOLEIL to characterize the electronic properties of cationic coronene (C24H12) and pyrene (C16H10) clusters up to the pentamer and heptamer, respectively. These experimental results are analysed in the light of electronic structure calculations. Simulations of the properties of ionized PAH clusters are faced with the difficulty of describing charge delocalization in these large systems. We will show that recent developments combining a Density Functional Tight Binding method with Configuration Interaction scheme is successful in simulating the ionization potential, which gives strong confidence into the predicted structures for these PAH clusters. We will also present current effort to study charge transfer states by performing complementary measurements with the PIRENEA ion trap set-up. Joint ANR project GASPARIM, ANR-10-BLAN-501 M. Rapacioli, C. Joblin and P. Boissel Astron. & Astrophys., 429 (2005), 193-204. G. Garcia, H. Soldi-Lose and L. Nahon Rev. Sci. Instrum., 80 (2009), 023102; G. Garcia, B. Cunha de Miranda, M. Tia, S. Daly, L. Nahon, Rev. Sci. Instrum., 84 (2013), 053112 M. Rapacioli, A. Simon, L. Dontot and F. Spiegelman Phys. Status Solidi B, 249 (2) (2012), 245-258; L. Dontot, M. Rapacioli and F. Spiegelman (2014) submitted
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Zhang, Feng; Ikeda, Masao, E-mail: mikeda2013@sinano.ac.cn; Liu, Jianping
2015-07-21
Injection current dependences of electroluminescence transition energy in blue InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells light emitting diodes (LEDs) with different quantum barrier thicknesses under pulsed current conditions have been analyzed taking into account the related effects including deformation caused by lattice strain, quantum confined Stark effects due to polarization field partly screened by carriers, band gap renormalization, Stokes-like shift due to compositional fluctuations which are supposed to be random alloy fluctuations in the sub-nanometer scale, band filling effect (Burstein-Moss shift), and quantum levels in finite triangular wells. The bandgap renormalization and band filling effect occurring at high concentrations oppose one another,more » however, the renormalization effect dominates in the concentration range studied, since the band filling effect arising from the filling in the tail states in the valence band of quantum wells is much smaller than the case in the bulk materials. In order to correlate the carrier densities with current densities, the nonradiative recombination rates were deduced experimentally by curve-fitting to the external quantum efficiencies. The transition energies in LEDs both with 15 nm quantum barriers and 5 nm quantum barriers, calculated using full strengths of theoretical macroscopic polarization given by Barnardini and Fiorentini [Phys. Status Solidi B 216, 391 (1999)] are in excellent accordance with experimental results. The LED with 5 nm barriers has been shown to exhibit a higher transition energy and a smaller blue shift than those of LED with 15 nm barriers, which is mainly caused by the smaller internal polarization field in the quantum wells.« less
Preface: phys. stat. sol. (a) 202/7
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Pollak, Fred H.; Misiewicz, Jan; Sitarek, Piotr
2005-05-01
We have recently observed a growing interest in using the powerful technique of optical modulation spectroscopy. These applications are related mostly to the characterization of low dimensional semiconductor structures and devices based on them.The International Workshop on Modulation Spectroscopy of Semiconductor Structures (MS3) at the beginning of July 2004 gathered in Wrocaw (in the southwest part of Poland) almost 40 participants, half of them from abroad. The 8 invited and 16 contributed talks were presented by the leaders of research teams from the USA, Japan, Taiwan, Canada, Germany, France, the Netherlands, Sweden, Ireland, Russia, Lithuania and Poland. Part of the MS3 workshop was held at the Laboratory of Advanced Optical Spectroscopy, Institute of Physics, Wrocaw University of Technology, where discussions on technical matter of the modulation spectroscopy were carried out in a relaxing atmosphere over a cup of coffee.The topics of the MS3 workshop included: advantages of photoreflectance, electroreflectance, contactless electroreflectance, thermoreflectance, differential reflectance and wavelength-modulated surface photovoltage spectroscopy. The applications of the above methods to investigate transistor, diode and laser structures including VCSELs, low dimensional structures of both wings of the spectrum, i.e. wide band gap materials like GaN, AlGaN, ZnO and low band gap materials such as GaInN(Sb)As, InAs, InSb, and FeSi2 were demonstrated.It is our great pleasure to publish the most interesting of the MS3 workshop presentations in this issue of physica status solidi (a).The organizers acknowledge Wrocaw University of Technology, the Center of Exellence CEPHONA from the Institute of Electron Technology in Warsaw and the Polish Committee for Scientific Research for financial support of the workshop.
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Lifetime degradation of n-type Czochralski silicon after hydrogenation
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Vaqueiro-Contreras, M.; Markevich, V. P.; Mullins, J.; Halsall, M. P.; Murin, L. I.; Falster, R.; Binns, J.; Coutinho, J.; Peaker, A. R.
2018-04-01
Hydrogen plays an important role in the passivation of interface states in silicon-based metal-oxide semiconductor technologies and passivation of surface and interface states in solar silicon. We have shown recently [Vaqueiro-Contreras et al., Phys. Status Solidi RRL 11, 1700133 (2017)] that hydrogenation of n-type silicon slices containing relatively large concentrations of carbon and oxygen impurity atoms {[Cs] ≥ 1 × 1016 cm-3 and [Oi] ≥ 1017 cm-3} can produce a family of C-O-H defects, which act as powerful recombination centres reducing the minority carrier lifetime. In this work, evidence of the silicon's lifetime deterioration after hydrogen injection from SiNx coating, which is widely used in solar cell manufacturing, has been obtained from microwave photoconductance decay measurements. We have characterised the hydrogenation induced deep level defects in n-type Czochralski-grown Si samples through a series of deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS), minority carrier transient spectroscopy (MCTS), and high-resolution Laplace DLTS/MCTS measurements. It has been found that along with the hydrogen-related hole traps, H1 and H2, in the lower half of the gap reported by us previously, hydrogenation gives rise to two electron traps, E1 and E2, in the upper half of the gap. The activation energies for electron emission from the E1 and E2 trap levels have been determined as 0.12, and 0.14 eV, respectively. We argue that the E1/H1 and E2/H2 pairs of electron/hole traps are related to two energy levels of two complexes, each incorporating carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms. Our results show that the detrimental effect of the C-O-H defects on the minority carrier lifetime in n-type Si:O + C materials can be very significant, and the carbon concentration in Czochralski-grown silicon is a key parameter in the formation of the recombination centers.
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Preface: phys. stat. sol. (a) 203/4
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kittler, Martin; Yang, Deren
2006-03-01
This issue of physica status solidi (a) contains the majority of papers presented at the 2nd Sino-German Symposium The Silicon Age which was held at the Lindner Hotel Cottbus, Germany, 19-24 September 2005. This meeting followed the 1st Symposium Progress in Silicon Materials held in June 2002 in Hangzhou, P.R. China. 8 Chinese and 14 German scientists from universities, research institutes and industry were invited to present their views about different aspects of silicon.There was a continuous progress in silicon materials development during the last 40-50 years, driven by the need of the IC industry for better and larger monocrystalline silicon wafers. Moreover, low-cost crystalline silicon now dominates the world's production of solar cells in the photovoltaics industry. Furthermore, there are intensive research activities worldwide for on-chip integration of Si-based photonics in CMOS technology. In addition, new areas being connected with silicon are starting to appear, namely Si-based biochips and nanoelectronics. Silicon, one can reasonably argue, is already the most investigated of all materials. However, there is still a need for continuation of research and development regarding numerous aspects of Si and also SiGe, including related technologies, advanced diagnostics or the role of crystal defects, which are the working fields of many laboratories all over the world. This was also shown by the presentations at the symposium and can be found in the contributions contained in this issue.The organizers would like to thank the participants for their high level contributions and discussions during the symposium. This intensive and open communication allowed the participants to create synergies between the different fields of silicon research and also to build up relationships for cooperation between Chinese and German research groups.Finally, we would like to thank the Sino-German Science Center for the financial support of the symposium.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Rudowicz, Czeslaw; Yeung, Yau-yuen; Yang, Zi-Yuan; Qin, Jian
2002-06-01
In this paper, we critically review the existing microscopic spin Hamiltonian (MSH) approaches, namely the complete diagonalization method (CDM) and the perturbation theory method (PTM), for 3d8(3d2) ions in a trigonal (C3v, D3, D3d) symmetry crystal field (CF). A new CDM is presented and a CFA/MSH computer package based on our crystal-field analysis (CFA) package for 3dN ions is developed for numerical calculations. Our method takes into account the contribution to the SH parameters (D, g∥ and g⊥) from all 45 CF states for 3d8(3d2) ions and is based on the complete diagonalization of the Hamiltonian including the electrostatic interactions, the CF terms (in the intermediate CF scheme) and the spin-orbit coupling. The CFA/MSH package enables us to study not only the CF energy levels and wavefunctions but also the SH parameters as functions of the CF parameters (B20, B40 and B43 or alternatively Dq, v and v') for 3d8(3d2) ions in trigonal symmetry. Extensive comparative studies of other MSH approaches are carried out using the CFA/MSH package. First, we check the accuracy of the approximate PTM based on the `quasi-fourth-order' perturbation formulae developed by Petrosyan and Mirzakhanyan (PM). The present investigations indicate that the PM formulae for the g-factors (g∥ and g⊥) indeed work well, especially for the cases of small v and v' and large Dq, whereas the PM formula for the zero-field splitting (ZFS) exhibits serious shortcomings. Earlier criticism of the PM approach by Zhou et al (Zhou K W, Zhao S B, Wu P F and Xie J K 1990 Phys. Status Solidi b 162 193) is then revisited. Second, we carry out an extensive comparison of the results of the present CFA/MSH package and those of other CDMs based on the strong- and weak-CF schemes. The CF energy levels and the SH parameters for 3d2 and 3d8 ions at C3v symmetry sites in several crystals are calculated and analysed. Our investigations reveal serious inconsistencies in the CDM results of Zhou et al and Li (Li Y 1995 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 7 4075) based on the strong-CF scheme for Ni2+ ions in LiNbO3 crystals. The correctness of our CFA/MSH package is verified by comparing our results with the predictions of Ma et al (Ma D P, Ma N, Ma X D and Zhang H M 1998 J. Phys. Chem. Solids 59 1211, Ma D P, Ma X D, Chen J R and Liu Y Y 1997 Phys. Rev. B 56 1780) and Macfarlane (Macfarlane R M 1964 J. Chem. Phys. 40 373) for α-Al2O3 : V3+(3d2) and MgO : Ni2+(3d8). It appears that the two independent approaches show perfect agreement with our approach, unlike those of Zhou et al and Li, which turn out to be unreliable. Our results reveal that the contributions to the ZFS parameter from the higher excited states cannot be neglected; also, the ZFS parameter is very sensitive to slight changes of the crystal structure. Hence our CFA/MSH package, which takes into account the contributions to the ZFS parameter from the higher excited states, can provide reliable results and proves to be a useful tool for the studies of the effect of the lattice distortions, defects and structural disorder on the spectroscopic properties of 3d2 and 3d8 ions at trigonal symmetry sites in crystals.
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Zepeda-Ruiz, L. A.; Sadigh, B.; Chernov, A. A.; ...
2017-11-21
Molecular dynamics simulations of an embedded atom copper system in the NPH ensemble are used to study the e ective solid-liquid interfacial free energy of quasispherical solid crystals within a liquid. This is within the larger context of MD simulations of this system undergoing solidi cation, where single individually-prepared crystallites of di erent sizes grow until they reach a thermodynamically stable nal state. The resulting equilibrium shapes possess the full structural details expected for solids with weakly anisotropic surface free energies (in these cases, ~5 % radial attening and rounded [111] octahedral faces). The simplifying assumption of sphericity and perfectmore » isotropy leads to an e ective interfacial free energy as appearing in the Gibbs-Thomson equation, which we determine to be ~179 erg/cm 2, roughly independent of crystal size for radii in the 50 - 250 A range. This quantity may be used in atomistically-informed models of solidi cation kinetics for this system.« less
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Zepeda-Ruiz, L. A.; Sadigh, B.; Chernov, A. A.
Molecular dynamics simulations of an embedded atom copper system in the NPH ensemble are used to study the e ective solid-liquid interfacial free energy of quasispherical solid crystals within a liquid. This is within the larger context of MD simulations of this system undergoing solidi cation, where single individually-prepared crystallites of di erent sizes grow until they reach a thermodynamically stable nal state. The resulting equilibrium shapes possess the full structural details expected for solids with weakly anisotropic surface free energies (in these cases, ~5 % radial attening and rounded [111] octahedral faces). The simplifying assumption of sphericity and perfectmore » isotropy leads to an e ective interfacial free energy as appearing in the Gibbs-Thomson equation, which we determine to be ~179 erg/cm 2, roughly independent of crystal size for radii in the 50 - 250 A range. This quantity may be used in atomistically-informed models of solidi cation kinetics for this system.« less
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Preface: phys. stat. sol. (a) 202/12
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Neumann, Wolfgang; Stutzmann, Martin; Hildebrandt, Stefan
2005-09-01
The present special issue contains a collection of Original Papers dedicated to Professor Johannes Heydenreich on the occasion of his 75th birthday.Johannes Heydenreich, born on 20 June 1930 in Plauen/Vogtland near Dresden, studied physics at the Pädagogische Hochschule Potsdam, where he obtained his first academic degree Dipl. Phys. in 1958. He received his doctoral degree at the Martin Luther University in Halle in 1961 and the Habilitation degree in 1969. Already during his studies in Potsdam, he showed an interest in electron microscopy due to the influence of his teacher and supervisor Prof. Picht, one of the pioneers in electron optics. His interests were strengthened when Johannes Heydenreich did the experimental work for his Diploma degree at the Institute for Experimental Physics of the University of Halle, where he met Prof. Heinz Bethge for the first time. This was the beginning of a fruitful and longstanding collaboration. In 1962 Johannes Heydenreich joined the team of the later Institute for Solid State Physics and Electron Microscopy of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR, in Halle, for which the basis was laid by Prof. Bethge in 1960.Heydenreich has been working as Assistant Director for many years and played a decisive role in introducing and organising the various techniques of electron microscopy in the institute.The research activities of Prof. Heydenreich covered a broad spectrum over the years. At the beginning of his career he made significant contributions in the field of electron mirror microscopy. After that, his main interests were focused on transmission electron microscopy, ranging from diffraction contrast analysis of crystal defects to high-resolution electron microscopy and image processing. His favourite field was studies of defect-induced phenomena in advanced materials. The so-called Bethge-Heydenreich, the book Electron Microscopy in Solid State Physics, published at first in a German edition in 1982 and later in a revised English edition by Elsevier in 1987, provides an excellent overview both of Heydenreich's work and of the spectrum of the Institute of Solid State Physics and Electron Micros-copy in Halle.The international reputation of this institute was the basis for the transformation of it, after the re-unification of Germany, into the Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, the first institute of the Max Planck Society in the Eastern part of Germany. From the beginning, Prof. Heydenreich was on the Board of Directors and served as the Executive Director from 1993 until his retirement in 1995.During this year, the International Centre of Advanced Materials and Electron Microscopy celebrates its 30th anniversary. The Centre was founded in Halle in 1975 as a Centre of Electron Microscopy for the Eastern countries.A remarkable and time-consuming part of Heydenreich's work was associated with this centre. Young scientists from Eastern Europe were trained in the theoretical and practical aspects of electron microscopy during the annual spring and autumn meetings. All in all, Johannes Heydenreich conducted 35 of these schools! From the beginning, he was a member of the Scientific Council of the Centre, and from 1985 until his retirement he was the Director of the Centre. Nowadays, the Centre acts as a real bridge between East and West largely due to the efforts of Johannes Heydenreich.Furthermore, Johannes Heydenreich had been active as a leading member of various scientific boards for many years. He was a co-editor of several journals covering electron microscopy, solid state physics and crystallography. As a member of the Executive Committee of the European Society for Elec-tron Microscopy (CESEM) for many years, and as a member of the Executive board of the German Soci-ety for Electron Microscopy, Johannes Heydenreich has invested a great deal of time and effort in the welfare of the scientific community.
Over the course of nearly three decades, Johannes Heydenreich worked as a Professor at the Universities of Halle and Leipzig. Generations of students have admired his excellent lectures with clear repre-sentation and rigorous scholarship.
Pion distribution amplitude from Euclidean correlation functions
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bali, Gunnar S.; Braun, Vladimir M.; Gläßle, Benjamin; Göckeler, Meinulf; Gruber, Michael; Hutzler, Fabian; Korcyl, Piotr; Lang, Bernhard; Schäfer, Andreas; Wein, Philipp; Zhang, Jian-Hui
2018-03-01
Following the proposal in (Braun and Müller. Eur Phys J C55:349, 2008), we study the feasibility to calculate the pion distribution amplitude (DA) from suitably chosen Euclidean correlation functions at large momentum. In our lattice study we employ the novel momentum smearing technique (Bali et al. Phys Rev D93:094515, 2016; Bali et al. Phys Lett B774:91, 2017). This approach is complementary to the calculations of the lowest moments of the DA using the Wilson operator product expansion and avoids mixing with lower dimensional local operators on the lattice. The theoretical status of this method is similar to that of quasi-distributions (Ji. Phys Rev Lett 110:262002, 2013) that have recently been used in (Zhang et al. Phys Rev D95:094514, 2017) to estimate the twist two pion DA. The similarities and differences between these two techniques are highlighted.
Self-similar magnetohydrodynamic model for direct current discharge fireball experiments
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tsui, K. H.; Navia, C. E.; Robba, M. B.; Carneiro, L. T.; Emelin, S. E.
2006-11-01
Ball lightning models and corresponding laboratory efforts in generating fireballs are briefly summarized to give an overview of the current status. In particular, emphasis is given to direct current discharge experiments at atmospheric pressure such as capillary discharge with a plasma plume in front of the anode opening [Emelin et al., Tech. Phys. Letters 23, 758 (1997)] and water resistor discharge with fluttering fireball overhead [Egorov and Stepanov, Tech. Phys. 47, 1584 (2002)]. These fireballs are interpreted as laboratory demonstrations of the self-similar magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) model of ball lightning [Tsui, Phys. Plasmas 13, 072102 (2006)].
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Volume 241, Issue13 (November 2004)
Articles in the Current Issue:
Rapid Research Note
Strong Eu emission of annealed Y2O3:Eu nanotube and nano-sized crystals
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sekita, Masami; Iwanaga, Kenichi; Hamasuna, Tomomi; Mohri, Shinji; Uota, Masafumi; Yada, Mitsunori; Kijima, Tsuyoshi
2004-11-01
We have observed a drastic increase of the Eu3+ emission intensity by annealing nanotubes and nano-sized hexagonal-mesostructured crystals of the Y2O3:Eu system together with bulk samples. It is found that there are three Eu3+ sites in all samples. Stark splitting schemes are proposed for the three homogeneous sites.
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Volume 201, Issue13 (October 2004)
Articles in the Current Issue:
Rapid Research Note
Scintillation properties of lead tungstate crystals doped with the monovalent ion lithium
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Huang, Yanlin; Seo, Hyo Jin; Zhu, Wenliang
2004-10-01
Lithium-doped PbWO4 crystals have been grown by the Czochralski method. Optical absorbance, X-ray excited luminescence, light yield measurements and X-ray pulsed excited decays have been investigated. Li+ doping has a very good uniformity and could enhance the luminescence of PbWO4, give some contributions to the fast decay components.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Morgenstern, Karina
2005-03-01
The Feature Article [1] describes how structural changes in metallic nanostructures can be followed with fast scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The title page shows the same spot of a Ag(111) surface at room temperature, imaged with STM approximately one hour apart. Intrinsic changes to prepared nano-structures are marked as Brownian motion of vacancy islands (rectangle), coalescence of two vacancy islands (hexagon), and decay of an adatom island (circle).Karina Morgenstern is now professor at the University of Hannover. Her research is placed within the field of nanoscience and is in particular devoted to thermally activated processes of metallic nanostructures, electronically activated reactions of molecules on metallic surfaces, and water-metal interactions.The present issue of physica status solidi (b) also contains the article Apperance of copper d9 defect centres in wide-gap CdSe nanoparticles: A high-fequency EPR study by N. R. J. Poolton et al. as Editor's Choice [2] as well as several papers on electrical and nonlinear optical properties from the European Conference on Organised Films (ECOF 2004) chaired by José Antonio de Saja, Valladolid.
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Volume 241, Issue5 (April 2004)
Articles in the Current Issue:
Cover Picture
Horizontal line nodes in superconducting Sr2RuO4
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Litak, G.; Annett, J. F.; Györffy, B. L.; Wysokiski, K. I.
2004-04-01
Superconductivity in Sr2RuO4 is one of the most interesting phenomena in current condensed matter physics, since it is revealed to be a triplet-pairing state. Our Editor's Choice [1] considers an important problem related to the type of order parameter in this material.The position of line nodes on the Fermi surface, as evident from recent measurements, has been determined for various scenarios shown in the cover picture. Using these models, the temperature dependence of heat capacity and penetration depth has been calculated for easy comparison with experiments.The first author, Grzegorz Litak, is assistant professor at Technical University of Lublin and visiting scientist at the Max Planck Institute in Dresden. He is working on the effect of disorder on correlated and exotic superconductors, nonlinear dynamics, and superconductivity in strontium ruthenate.
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Volume 241, Issue12 (October 2004)
Articles in the Current Issue:
Rapid Research Note
Dielectric and optical studies of phase transitions in [(CH3)2NH2]5Cd2CuCl11 crystal
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Elyashevskyy, Yu.; Dacko, S.; Kosturek, B.; Czapla, Z.; Kapustyanik, V. B.
2004-10-01
Single crystals of [(CH3)2 NH2]5Cd2CuCl11 have been grown and their dielectric and optical properties have been studied. Electric permittivity, losses and linear optic birefringence measurements have shown that the obtained new crystal is isomorphous with the original one - [(CH3)2 NH2]5Cd3Cl11. Phase transitions were observed at 175 K (continuous) and 120 K (first order). It means that partial replacing of cadmium atoms by copper ones does not change the structure and the heavy Cd2CuCl11-2 anions do not influence significantly the interaction of dimethylammonium cations.
Strong monogamy conjecture in a four-qubit system
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Karmakar, Sumana; Sen, Ajoy; Bhar, Amit; Sarkar, Debasis
2016-01-01
Monogamy is a defining feature of entanglement, having far-reaching applications. Recently, Regula et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 110501 (2014), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.110501] proposed a stronger version of monogamy relation for concurrence. We have extended the strong monogamy inequality for another entanglement measure, viz., negativity. In particular, we have concentrated on the four-qubit system and provided a detailed study on the status of strong monogamy on pure states. Further, we have analytically provided some classes of states for which negativity and squared negativity satisfy strong monogamy. Numerical evidences have also been shown in proper places. Our analysis also provides cases where strong monogamy is violated.
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Volume 201, Issue14 (November 2004)
Articles in the Current Issue:
Rapid Research Note
Highly (001)-textured WS2-x films prepared by reactive radio frequency magnetron sputtering
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ellmer, K.; Mientus, R.; Seeger, S.; Weiß, V.
2004-11-01
Highly (001)-oriented WS2-x films were grown onto oxidized silicon substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering from a metallic tungsten target in argon-hydrogen sulfide mixtures. The best films with respect to the van-der-Waals orientation, i.e. with the (001) planes parallel to the substrate surface, were grown by excitation of the plasma with radio frequency of 27.12 MHz. These films exhibit the largest grains and the lowest film strain. It is shown that this effect is not due to the lower deposition rate at this high excitation frequency. Instead it was found that the lower DC voltage at the sputtering target is advantageous for the film growth since the bombardment of the growing film by highly energetic particles is avoided by this type of plasma excitation.
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Volume 201, Issue12 (September 2004)
Articles in the Current Issue:
Rapid Research Note
Effects of high dose proton irradiation on the electrical performance of ZnO Schottky diodes
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Khanna, Rohit; Ip, K.; Allums, K. K.; Baik, K.; Abernathy, C. R.; Pearton, S. J.; Heo, Y. W.; Norton, D. P.; Ren, F.; Dwivedi, R.; Fogarty, T. N.; Wilkins, R.
2004-09-01
The preparation and characterization of terbium doped zinc aluminate photoluminescent films obtained by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis deposition process are described. Variations on doping concentrations in the start spraying solution and substrate temperatures were studied. XRD measurements on these films showed that the crystalline structure depends on the substrate temperature. For an excitation wavelength of 242 nm, all the photoluminescence spectra show peaks located at 488 nm, 546 nm, 589 nm and 621 nm. The photoluminescence intensity reaches values practically constant for the samples deposited at substrate temperatures higher than 400 °C. In this case, concentration quenching of the photoluminescence appears at doping concentrations greater than 0.93 atomic percent into the films. The surface morphology characteristics of the films deposited on glass and silicon substrates, as a function of the deposition temperature, are presented.
Miller, E; Kostka, J; Włodarczyk, T; Dugué, B
2016-12-01
To study the effects of whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) on fatigue and functional status in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with different levels of fatigue. Two groups of 24 MS patients with fatigue were studied. At the beginning of the study, the first group presented a Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) score between 38 and 42 (low-fatigue (LF) group), and the second group had an FSS score between 48 and 52 (high-fatigue (HF) group). Both groups were matched for age and sex. All patients were exposed to 10.3-min session of WBC (one exposure per day at -110°C or lower). Functional status was assessed before and after the series of WBC exposures using the Rivermead Motor Assessment (RMA), the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29), and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). The RMA was estimated in three sections: gross function (RMA1), leg and trunk (RMA2), and arm (RMA3). MSIS-29 consists of two subscales assessing the physical (MSIS-29-PHYS) and psychological (MSIS-29-PSYCH) status. In both groups, the WBC sessions induced a significant improvement in the functional status and in the feeling of fatigue. However, the changes observed in HF patients were significantly greater than those observed in LF patients, especially in the MSIS-29-PHYS, MSIS-29-PSYCH, RMA1, and RMA3. The changes observed in the EDSS, RMA2, and FSS were similar in both groups. WBC appears to be effective in improving functional status and the feeling of fatigue in patients with MS and especially in those who are the most fatigued. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Editorial: Trends in Nanotechnology (TNT2005)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Correia, Antonio; Serena, Pedro A.; José Saenz, Juan; Reifenberger, Ron; Ordejón, Pablo
2006-05-01
This special issue of physica status solidi (a) presents representative contributions describing the main topics covered at the sixth Trends in Nanotechnology (TNT2005) International Conference, held in Oviedo (Spain), 29 August-2 September 2005.During the last years many international or national conferences have emerged in response to the growing awareness of the importance of nanotechnology as key issue for the future scientific and technological development. Among these, the conference series Trends in Nanotechnology has become one of the most important meeting points in the nanotechnology field: it provides fresh organisation ideas, brings together well known speakers, and promotes a suitable environment for discussions, exchanging ideas, enhancing scientific and personal relations among participants. TNT2005 was organised in a similar way to the five prior TNT conferences, with an impressive scientific programme including 40 Keynote lectures and two Nobel prizes, without parallel sessions, covering a wide spectrum of Nanotechnology research. In 2005, more than 360 scientists worldwide attended this event and contributed with more than 60 oral contributions and 250 posters, stimulating discussions about their most recent research.The aim of the conference was to focus on the applications of Nanotechnology and to bring together, in a scientific forum, various worldwide groups belonging to industry, universities and government institutions. TNT2005 was particularly effective at transmitting information and establishing contacts among workers in this field. Graduate students attending such conferences have understood the importance of interdisciplinary skills to afford their future research lines. 76 graduate students received a grant allowing them to present their work. 28 prizes to the best posters were awarded during this event. We would like to thank all the participants for their assistance, as well as the authors for their written contributions.TNT2005 is the successful consequence of a coordinated effort among several organising Institutions: PHANTOMS Foundation, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Universidad de Oviedo, Donostia International Physics Center, Nanomaterials Laboratory-NIMS, CEA/LETI and CEA/DSM/DFRMC, University of Purdue and Georgia Institute of Technology. In addition, we are indebted to the following institutions, companies and government agencies for their help and financial support: NASA, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, iNANO, NSERC/CRSNG (Nano Innovation Platform), Sociedad de Microscopía Española (SME), Wiley-VCH, Raith GmbH, The European Office of Aerospace Research and Development (EOARD), The Office of Naval Research International Field Office (ONRIFO), World Scientific and Imperial College Press, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Parque Científico de Barcelona, Parque Científico de Madrid, Tyndall National institute, Nanoquanta, GDR-E Nano-E, Minatec, Dupont, Physica Status Solidi, Zeiss, Ayuntamiento de Oviedo, Gobierno de Principado de Asturias, Asturiana de Zinc, cajAstur, Aleastur, Aceralia-Grupo Arcelor, Saint-Gobain Cristaleria, Mediadores Asociados Asturianos and Inderscience Publishers.We would like also to thanks the following companies for their participation: NanoTec, Raith GmbH, Scientec, NT-MDT, Schaefer Techniques, Suss Microtec, Carl Zeiss, Biometa, Wiley-VCH, World Scientific and Imperial College Press and Atomic Force.We invite readers of this special issue to join us in Grenoble (France), where the next Trends in Nanotechnology 2006 edition will take place ( Status of the NIST Penning-Trap Neutron Lifetime Measurement NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Snow, W. M.; Fei, X.; Chowdhuri, Z.; Dewey, M. S.; Gilliam, D.; Nico, J. S.; Greene, G. L. 1998-10-01 The decay rate of the free neutron is important input for Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis calculations of the primordial ^4He abundance in the universe(T. P. Walker et al, Astrophys. J. 376, 51 (1991).) and for tests of the electroweak model in the charged-current sector(I. S. Towner, Nucl. Phys. A540, 478 (1992).). We will describe an experiment in progress at NIST to measure the neutron decay rate. The technique uses a Penning trap to trap and count protons from in-beam neutron decay(J. Byrne et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 289 (1990).) and an absolutely calibrated beam monitor to measure the neutron density in the beam(R. D. Scott et al., Nucl. Inst. Meth. A362, 151 (1995).). We will present data taken in the spring and summer of 1998. Optimism Predicts Positive Health in Repatriated Prisoners of War 2014-09-08 of officer rank (93%), educated (M 16 years, SD 2), and approximately 72 years old (SD 6). Informed consent was obtained from each repatriate...total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol (5.9), HDL cholesterol (37 g/dl), glycosylated hemoglobin (7.1%), urine cortisol (25.7 g/g creatinine), urine...strength, nutritional status, fatigue, and overall phys- ical function (Waldo, 1996; Cooper, 2007). To assess grip strength, we used the Lafayette Hand Fully Implicit, Nonlinear 3D Extended Magnetohydrodynamics NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Chacon, Luis; Knoll, Dana 2003-10-01 Extended magnetohydrodynamics (XMHD) includes nonideal effects such as nonlinear, anisotropic transport and two-fluid (Hall) effects. XMHD supports multiple, separate time scales that make explicit time differencing approaches extremely inefficient. While a fully implicit implementation promises efficiency without sacrificing numerical accuracy,(D. A. Knoll et al., phJ. Comput. Phys.) 185 (2), 583-611 (2003) the nonlinear nature of the XMHD system and the numerical stiffness associated with the fast waves make this endeavor difficult. Newton-Krylov methods are, however, ideally suited for such a task. These synergistically combine Newton's method for nonlinear convergence, and Krylov techniques to solve the associated Jacobian (linear) systems. Krylov methods can be implemented Jacobian-free and can be preconditioned for efficiency. Successful preconditioning strategies have been developed for 2D incompressible resistive(L. Chacón et al., phJ. Comput. Phys). 178 (1), 15- 36 (2002) and Hall(L. Chacón and D. A. Knoll, phJ. Comput. Phys.), 188 (2), 573-592 (2003) MHD models. These are based on ``physics-based'' ideas, in which knowledge of the physics is exploited to derive well-conditioned (diagonally-dominant) approximations to the original system that are amenable to optimal solver technologies (multigrid). In this work, we will describe the status of the extension of the 2D preconditioning ideas for a 3D compressible, single-fluid XMHD model. Phillips, Glenn A; Wyrwich, Kathleen W; Guo, Shien; Medori, Rossella; Altincatal, Arman; Wagner, Linda; Elkins, Jacob 2014-11-01 The 29-item Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29) was developed to examine the impact of multiple sclerosis (MS) on physical and psychological functioning from a patient's perspective. To determine the responder definition (RD) of the MSIS-29 physical impact subscale (PHYS) in a group of patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) participating in a clinical trial. Data from the SELECT trial comparing daclizumab high-yield process with placebo in patients with RRMS were used. Physical function was evaluated in SELECT using three patient-reported outcomes measures and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Anchor- and distribution-based methods were used to identify an RD for the MSIS-29. Results across the anchor-based approach suggested MSIS-29 PHYS RD values of 6.91 (mean), 7.14 (median) and 7.50 (mode). Distribution-based RD estimates ranged from 6.24 to 10.40. An RD of 7.50 was selected as the most appropriate threshold for physical worsening based on corresponding changes in the EDSS (primary anchor of interest). These findings indicate that a ≥7.50 point worsening on the MSIS-29 PHYS is a reasonable and practical threshold for identifying patients with RRMS who have experienced a clinically significant change in the physical impact of MS. © The Author(s), 2014. Redfern, Rebecca C; Dewitte, Sharon N 2011-10-01 The Roman conquest of Britain was previously shown to have negatively impacted health, particularly for children, older adults, and men. We build upon this previous research by investigating the effect that status had on risks of mortality within the Roman Britain populations of Dorset. This study incorporates a sample of 291 individuals excavated from several cemeteries in the county of Dorset dating between the first to early fifth centuries AD. To assess the effect of status on risks of mortality, burial type was used as a proxy for status and modeled as a covariate affecting the Siler and Gompertz-Makeham models of mortality. The results of these analyses indicate that high-status individuals, particularly children, had a lower mortality risk compared to lower-status groups; and for those buried in urban cemeteries, higher-status individuals of all age-groups had a lower mortality risk. As with our previous study (Redfern and DeWitte: Am J Phys Anthropol 144 (2011) 269-285), we found that male mortality risk was higher than females, which we consider to reflect underlying sex-differences in immunity and disease response. Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Selected Topics in CVD Diamond Research NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Koizumi, Satoshi; Nebel, Christoph E.; Nesladek, Milos 2006-10-01 Since the discovery of Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) diamond growth in 1976, the steady scientific progress often resulted in surprising new discoveries and breakthroughs. This brought us to the idea to publish the special issue Selected Topics in CVD Diamond Research in physica status solidi (a), reflecting such advancements and interesting results at the leading edge of diamond research.The present issue summarizes this progress in the CVD diamond field by selecting contributions from several areas such as superconductivity, super-excitonic radiation, quantum computing, bio-functionalization, surface electronic properties, the nature of phosphorus doping, transport properties in high energy detectors, CVD growth and properties of nanocrystalline diamond. In all these directions CVD diamond appears to be very competitive in comparison with other semiconducting materials.As Editors of this special issue, we must admit that the selection is biased by our opinion. Nonetheless, we are sure that each contribution introduces new ideas and results which will improve the understanding of the current level of physics and chemistry of this attractive wide-bandgap semiconductor and which will help to bring it closer to applications.All submissions were invited based on the contributions of the authors to their specific research field. The Feature Articles have the format of topical reviews to give the reader a comprehensive summary. Partially, however, they are written in research paper style to report new results of ongoing research.We hope that this issue will attract the attention of a broad community of scientists and engineers, and that it will facilitate the utilization of diamond in electronic applications and technologies of the future. Bohlen, S.R.; Eckert, J.O.; Hankins, W.B. 1995-01-01 The phase relationships of melting of synthetic granite in the presence of an H2O-CO2 fluid were determined. These results provide constraints on the maximum temperatures of regional metamorphism attainable in vapor-saturated metapelitic and quartzofeldspathic rocks that escaped widespread melting. At pressures below 10 kbar, a fluid phase of XH2O = 0.75, 0.5, and 0.25 limits temperatures to below ~700-725, ~800-825, and ~850-875??C, respectively. As a consequence, the formation of granulite does not require CO2 concentrations in a coexisting fluid to exceed an XCO2 of 0.25-0.5. -from Authors Microwave Three-Wave Mixing Experiments for Chirality Determination: Current Status NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Perez, Cristobal; Shubert, V. Alvin; Schmitz, David; Medcraft, Chris; Krin, Anna; Schnell, Melanie 2015-06-01 Microwave three-wave mixing experiments have been shown to provide a novel and sensitive way to generate and measure enantiomer-specific molecular signatures. The handedness of the sample can be obtained from the phase of the molecular free induction decay whereas the enantiomeric excess can be determined by the amplitude of the chiral signal. After the introduction of this technique by Patterson et al. remarkable improvements have been realized and experimental strategies for both absolute phase determination and enantiomeric excess have been presented. This technique has been also successfully implemented at higher microwave frequencies. Here we present the current status of this technique as well future directions and perspectives. This will be illustrated through our systematic study of chiral terpenes as well as preliminary results in molecular clusters. Patterson, D.; Schnell, M.; Doyle, J. M. Enantiomer-Specific Detection of Chiral Molecules via Microwave Spectroscopy. Nature 2013, 497, 475-477. Patterson, D.; Doyle, J. M. Sensitive Chiral Analysis via Microwave Three-Wave Mixing. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2013, 111, 023008. Shubert, V. A.; Schmitz, D.; Patterson, D.; Doyle, J. M.; Schnell, M. Identifying Enantiomers in Mixtures of Chiral Molecules with Broadband Microwave Spectroscopy. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 1152-1155. Lobsiger, S.; Perez, C.; Evangelisti, L.; Lehmann, K. K.; Pate, B. H. Molecular Structure and Chirality Detection by Fourier Transform Microwave Spectroscopy. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2014, 6, 196-200. Wyrwich, Kathleen W; Guo, Shien; Medori, Rossella; Altincatal, Arman; Wagner, Linda; Elkins, Jacob 2014-01-01 Background: The 29-item Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29) was developed to examine the impact of multiple sclerosis (MS) on physical and psychological functioning from a patient’s perspective. Objective: To determine the responder definition (RD) of the MSIS-29 physical impact subscale (PHYS) in a group of patients with relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) participating in a clinical trial. Methods: Data from the SELECT trial comparing daclizumab high-yield process with placebo in patients with RRMS were used. Physical function was evaluated in SELECT using three patient-reported outcomes measures and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Anchor- and distribution-based methods were used to identify an RD for the MSIS-29. Results: Results across the anchor-based approach suggested MSIS-29 PHYS RD values of 6.91 (mean), 7.14 (median) and 7.50 (mode). Distribution-based RD estimates ranged from 6.24 to 10.40. An RD of 7.50 was selected as the most appropriate threshold for physical worsening based on corresponding changes in the EDSS (primary anchor of interest). Conclusion: These findings indicate that a ≥7.50 point worsening on the MSIS-29 PHYS is a reasonable and practical threshold for identifying patients with RRMS who have experienced a clinically significant change in the physical impact of MS. PMID:24740371 Analysis of the high-dimensional naming game with committed minorities NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Pickering, William; Szymanski, Boleslaw K.; Lim, Chjan 2016-05-01 The naming game has become an archetype for linguistic evolution and mathematical social behavioral analysis. In the model presented here, there are N individuals and K words. Our contribution is developing a robust method that handles the case when K =O (N ) . The initial condition plays a crucial role in the ordering of the system. We find that the system with high Shannon entropy has a higher consensus time and a lower critical fraction of zealots compared to low-entropy states. We also show that the critical number of committed agents decreases with the number of opinions and grows with the community size for each word. These results complement earlier conclusions that diversity of opinion is essential for evolution; without it, the system stagnates in the status quo [S. A. Marvel et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 118702 (2012), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.118702]. In contrast, our results suggest that committed minorities can more easily conquer highly diverse systems, showing them to be inherently unstable. Interactions of Ultracold Impurity Particles with Bose-Einstein Condensates 2015-06-23 Lukin et al ., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 037901 (2001). [2] D. Jaksch et al ., Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2208 (2000). [3] L. Isenhower et al ., Phys. Rev. Lett...104, 010503 (2010). [4] T. Wilk et al ., Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 010502 (2010). [5] I. Mourachko et al ., Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 253 (1998). [6] W. R...Phys. 12, 103044 (2010). [12] R. M. W. van Bijnen et al ., J. Phys. B 44, 184008 (2011). [13] I. Lesanovsky, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 025301 (2011). [14] E NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Webb, Steve; Harris, Simon 2011-08-01 The publishers of Physics in Medicine and Biology (PMB), IOP Publishing, in association with the journal owners, the Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM), jointly award an annual prize for the best paper published in PMB during the previous year. The procedure for deciding the winner has been made as thorough as possible, to try to ensure that an outstanding paper wins the prize. We started off with a shortlist of the 10 research papers published in 2010 which were rated the best based on the referees' quality assessments. Following the submission of a short 'case for winning' document by each of the shortlisted authors, an IPEM college of jurors of the status of FIPEM assessed and rated these 10 papers in order to choose a winner, which was then endorsed by the Editorial Board. We have much pleasure in advising readers that the Roberts Prize for the best paper published in 2010 is awarded to M M Paulides et al from Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, for their paper on hyperthermia treatment: The clinical feasibility of deep hyperthermia treatment in the head and neck: new challenges for positioning and temperature measurement M M Paulides, J F Bakker, M Linthorst, J van der Zee, Z Rijnen, E Neufeld, P M T Pattynama, P P Jansen, P C Levendag and G C van Rhoon 2010 Phys. Med. Biol. 55 2465 Our congratulations go to these authors. Of course all of the shortlisted papers were of great merit, and the full top-10 is listed below (in alphabetical order). Steve Webb Editor-in-Chief Simon Harris Publisher References Alonzo-Proulx O, Packard N, Boone J M, Al-Mayah A, Brock K K, Shen S Z and Yaffe M J 2010 Validation of a method for measuring the volumetric breast density from digital mammograms Phys. Med. Biol. 55 3027 Bian J, Siewerdsen J H, Han X, Sidky E Y, Prince J L, Pelizzari C A and Pan X 2010 Evaluation of sparse-view reconstruction from flat-panel-detector cone-beam CT Phys. Med. Biol. 55 6575 Brun M-A, Formanek F, Yasuda A, Sekine M, Ando N and Eishii Y 2010 Terahertz imaging applied to cancer diagnosis Phys. Med. Biol. 55 4615 Eklund K and Ahnesjö A 2010 Modeling silicon diode dose response factors for small photon fields Phys. Med. Biol. 55 7411 Kolb A, Lorenz E, Judenhofer M S, Renker D, Lankes K and Pichler B J 2010 Evaluation of Geiger-mode APDs for PET block detector designs Phys. Med. Biol. 55 1815 Lobo J and Popescu I A 2010 Two new DOSXYZnrc sources for 4D Monte Carlo simulations of continuously variable beam configurations, with applications to RapidArc, VMAT, TomoTherapy and CyberKnife Phys. Med. Biol. 55 4431 Paulides M M, Bakker J F, Linthorst M, van der Zee J, Rijnen Z, Neufeld E, Pattynama P M T, Jansen P P, Levendag P C and van Rhoon G C 2010 The clinical feasibility of deep hyperthermia treatment in the head and neck: new challenges for positioning and temperature measurement Phys. Med. Biol. 55 2465 Rockne R, Rockhill J K, Mrugala M, Spence A M, Kalet I, Hendrickson K, Lai A, Cloughesy T, Alvord E C Jr and Swanson K R 2010 Predicting the efficacy of radiotherapy in individual glioblastoma patients in vivo: a mathematical modeling approach Phys. Med. Biol. 55 3271 Wertz H et al 2010 Fast kilovoltage/megavoltage (kVMV) breathhold cone-beam CT for image-guided radiotherapy of lung cancer Phys. Med. Biol. 55 4203 Zhang B, MacFadden D, Damyanovich A Z, Rieker M, Stainsby J, Bernstein M, Jaffray D A, Mikulis D and Ménard C 2010 Development of a geometrically accurate imaging protocol at 3 Tesla MRI for stereotactic radiosurgery treatment planning Phys. Med. Biol. 55 6601 NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Webb, Steve; Harris, Simon 2010-07-01 The publishers of Physics in Medicine and Biology (PMB), IOP Publishing, in association with the journal owners, the Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM), jointly award an annual prize for the best paper published in PMB during the previous year. The procedure for deciding the winner has been made as thorough as possible, to try to ensure that an outstanding paper wins the prize. We started off with a shortlist of the 10 research papers published in 2009 which were rated the best based on the referees' quality assessments. Following the submission of a short 'case for winning' document by each of the shortlisted authors, an IPEM college of jurors of the status of FIPEM assessed and rated these 10 papers in order to choose a winner, which was then endorsed by the Editorial Board. We have a clear, and very worthy, winner this year. We have much pleasure in advising readers that the 2009 Roberts Prize is awarded to E Z Zhang et al from University College London for their paper on photoacoustic tomography. In vivo high resolution 3D photoacoustic imaging of superficial vascular anatomy E Z Zhang, J G Laufer, R B Pedley and P C Beard 2009 Phys. Med. Biol. 54 1035-46 Our congratulations go to these authors. Of course all of the shortlisted papers were of great merit, and the full top-10 is listed below (in alphabetical order). Steve Webb Editor-in-Chief Simon Harris Publisher References Cheng Y-C N , Neelavalli J and Haacke E M 2009 Limitations of calculating field distributions and magnetic susceptibilities in MRI using a Fourier based method Phys. Med. Biol. 54 1169-89 Cho S, Ahn S, Li Q and Leahy R M 2009 Exact and approximate Fourier rebinning of PET data from time-of-flight to non time-of-flight 2009 Phys. Med. Biol. 54 467-84 Davidson S R H, Weersink R A, Haider M A, Gertner M R, Bogaards A, Giewercer D, Scherz A, Sherar M D, Elhilali M, Chin J L, Trachtenberg J and Wilson B C 2009 Treatment planning and dose analysis for interstitial photodynamic therapy of prostate cancer Phys. Med. Biol. 54 2293-313 Hand J W, Shaw A, Sadhoo N, Rajagopal S, Dickinson R J and Gavrilov L R 2009 A random phased array device for delivery of high intensity focused ultrasound Phys. Med. Biol. 54 5675-93 Johnson P, Lee C, Johnson K, Siragusa D and Bolch W E 2009 The influence of patient size on dose conversion coefficients: a hybrid phantom study for adult cardiac catheterization Phys. Med. Biol. 54 3613-29 Paganetti H 2009 Dose to water versus dose to medium in proton beam therapy Phys. Med. Biol. 54 4399-421 Pramanik M, Song K H, Swierczewska M, Green D, Sitharaman B and Wang L V 2009 In vivo carbon nanotube-enhanced non-invasive photoacoustic mapping of the sentinel lymph node Phys. Med. Biol. 54 3291-301 Schöndube H, Stierstorfer K and Noo F 2009 Accurate helical cone-beam CT reconstruction with redundant data 2009 Phys. Med. Biol. 54 4625-44 Tang G, Earl M A and Yu C X 2009 Variable dose rate single-arc IMAT delivered with a constant dose rate and variable angular spacing Phys. Med. Biol. 54 6439-56 Zhang E Z, Laufer J G, Pedley R B and Beard P C 2009 In vivo high resolution 3D photoacoustic imaging of superficial vascular anatomy Phys. Med. Biol. 54 1035-46 For more information on this article see medicalphysicsweb.org Fetal ECG Extraction From Maternal Body Surface Measurement Using Independent Component Analysis 2001-10-25 Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan Abstract – A method applying independent component analysis (ICA) to detect the electrocardiogram of a prenatal cattle foetus is...monitoring the health status of an unborn cattle foetus is indispensable in preventing natural abortion and premature birth [3]. One of the applicable...and Y. Honda, “ECG and Heart Rate Detection of Prenatal Cattle Foetus Using Adaptive Digital Filtering,” World Congress on Med. Phys.& Biomed. Eng., Chicago TU-CXH-75, pp. 1-4, 2000. 2015-08-05 to increased doping levels in indirect semiconductors [84]. The slope, and magnitude of the transmission curves continue to decrease alongside UL...periodically aluminium- doped zinc oxide thin films, Thin Solid Films 519 (2011) 2280–2286. [2] T. Minami, H. Nanto, S. Takata, Highly conductive and...transparent aluminum doped zinc oxide thin films prepared by RF magnetron sputtering, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 23 (1984) L280. [3] T. Minami, Present status of Fifty years of Jaynes-Cummings physics NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Greentree, Andrew D.; Koch, Jens; Larson, Jonas 2013-11-01 This special issue commemorates the 50th anniversary of the seminal paper published by E T Jaynes and F W Cummings [1], the fundamental model which they introduced and now carries their names, and celebrates the remarkable host of exciting research on Jaynes-Cummings physics throughout the last five decades. The Jaynes-Cummings model has been taking the prominent stance as the 'hydrogen atom of quantum optics' [2]. Generally speaking, it provides a fundamental quantum description of the simplest form of coherent radiation-matter interaction. The Jaynes-Cummings model describes the interaction between a single electromagnetic mode confined to a cavity, and a two-level atom. Energy is exchanged between the field and the atom, which leads directly to coherent population oscillations (Rabi oscillations) and superposition states (dressed states). Being exactly solvable, the Jaynes-Cummings model serves as a most useful toy model, and as such it is a textbook example of the physicists' popular strategy of simplifying a complex problem to its most elementary constituents. Thanks to the simplicity of the Jaynes-Cummings model, this caricature of coherent light-matter interactions has never lost its appeal. The Jaynes-Cummings model is essential when discussing experiments in quantum electrodynamics (indeed the experimental motivation of the Jaynes-Cummings model was evident already in the original paper, dealing as it does with the development of the maser), and it has formed the starting point for much fruitful research ranging from ultra-cold atoms to cavity quantum electrodynamics. In fact, Jaynes-Cummings physics is at the very heart of the beautiful experiments by S Haroche and D Wineland, which recently earned them the 2012 Nobel Prize in physics. Indeed, as with most significant models in physics, the model is invoked in settings that go far beyond its initial framework. For example, recent investigations involving multi-level atoms, multiple atoms [3, 4], multiple electromagnetic modes, arrays of coupled cavities [5-7], and optomechanical systems [8] have further enriched the physics of the Jaynes-Cummings model. From the early interests in masers and the consistent quantum description of radiation and atom-photon interaction, the Jaynes-Cummings model has evolved into a cornerstone of quantum state engineering [9]. The authors of this editorial had not been born when Jaynes and Cummings wrote their remarkable paper. It is, therefore, a special honour for us to be able to draw the reader's attention to the accompanying reminiscence contributed by Frederick Cummings where he gives us a glimpse of the early history of the Jaynes-Cummings model from his perspective [11]. By now, the original 1963 paper by Jaynes and Cummings has gathered numerous citations and, at the time of writing, the number of articles involving Jaynes-Cummings physics is approaching 15 000.1 This special issue does not attempt to review this impressive wealth of research. The interested reader, however, is urged to consult the definitive article by Shore and Knight [10] for a comprehensive review of the first 30 years of Jaynes-Cummings physics. The collection of 26 papers presented in this issue, showcases a snapshot of some of the most recent and continuing research devoted to Jaynes-Cummings physics. We begin our special issue with Professor Cumming's recollections [11]. We then have six papers on quantum information aspects of the Jaynes-Cummings model [12-17]. The next topic includes seven papers on the Dicke and generalized Jaynes-Cummings models [18-24], followed by six papers on circuit QED, which is one of the most important experimental frameworks for Jaynes-Cummings systems [25-30]. Finally, we have six papers on the extension to many cavities, the Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard model [31-36]. The snapshot of research captured in this special issue illustrates the unifying language provided by the Jaynes-Cummings model, tying together research in a number of subfields in physics. Jaynes-Cummings physics started with the diagonalization of a 2 × 2 matrix, as Frederick Cummings points out. There is no doubt that this elegance of simplicity will continue to guide exciting new research in the decades to come. References [1] Jaynes E T and Cummings F W 1963 Comparison of quantum and semiclassical radiation theories with application to the beam maser Proc. IEEE 51 89 [2] Shore B W and Knight P L 2004 Physics and Probability: Essays in Honor of Edwin T Jaynes (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) [3] Tavis M and Cummings F W 1968 Exact solution for an N -molecule-radiation-field Hamiltonian Phys. Rev. 170 379-84 [4] Tavis M and Cummings F W 1969 Approximate solutions for an N -molecule-radiation-field Hamiltonian Phys. Rev. 188 692-5 [5] Hartmann M J, Brandão F G S L and Plenio M B 2006 Strongly interacting polaritons in coupled arrays of cavities Nature Phys. 2 849-55 [6] Greentree A D, Tahan C, Cole J H and Hollenberg L C L 2006 Quantum phase transitions of light Nature Phys. 2 856-61 [7] Angelakis D G, Santos M F and Bose S 2007 Photon-blockade-induced Mott transitions and XY spin models in coupled cavity arrays Phys. Rev. A 76 031805(R) [8] Schwab K C and Roukes M L 2005 Putting mechanics into quantum mechanics Phys. Today 58 36-42 [9] Blatt R, Milburn G J and Lvovksy A 2013 The 20th anniversary of quantum state engineering J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 100201 [10] Shore B and Knight P L 1993 The Jaynes-Cummings model J. Mod. Opt. 40 1195-238 [11] Cummings F W 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 220202 [12] Arenz C 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 224001 [13] Quesada N 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 224002 [14] Everitt M 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 224003 [15] Kitajima S 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 224004 [16] Groves E 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 224005 [17] Bougouffa S 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 224006 [18] Braak D 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 224007 [19] Emary C 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 224008 [20] Miroshnychenko Y 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 224009 [21] Dombi A 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 224010 [22] Tavis M 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 224011 [23] Grimsmo A 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 224012 [24] Stenholm S I 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 224013 [25] Kockum A F 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 224014 [26] Larson J 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 224015 [27] Larson J 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 224016 [28] Agarwal S 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 224017 [29] Deng W-W 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 224018 [30] Leppaekangas J 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 224019 [31] Schmidt S 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 224020 [32] Schiro M 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 224021 [33] Susa C 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 224022 [34] del Valle E 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 224023 [35] Correa B V 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 224024 [36] Schetakis N 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 224025 1Number estimate based on a Google Scholar search. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Newman, T. J.; Thompson, A. M. 2012-12-01 The full text of the Preface is given in the PDF file. References [1] Kaur P et al 2012 Phys. Biol. 9 065001 [2] Lobikin M et al 2012 Phys. Biol. 9 065002 [3] Tanner K 2012 Phys. Biol. 9 065003 [4] Liu S V et al 2012 Phys. Biol. 9 065004 [5] Liao D et al 2012 Phys. Biol. 9 065005 [6] Liao D et al 2012 Phys. Biol. 9 065006 [7] Orlando P A et al 2012 Phys. Biol. 9 065007 Revisited comparison of thermal instability theory with MARFE density limit experiment in TEXTOR. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Kelly, Frederick 2006-03-01 Density limit shots in TEXTOR [Tokamak EXperiment for Technology Oriented Research] that ended in MARFE [Multifaceted Asymmetric Radiation From the Edge] are analyzed by several thermal instability theories^1-7 with convective effects included. ^1W. M. Stacey, Phys. Plasmas 3, 2673 (1996); Phys. Plasmas 3, 3032 (1996); Phys. Plasmas 4, 134 (1997); Phys. Plasmas 4, 242 (1997). ^2W. M. Stacey, Plasma Phys. Contr. Fusion 39, 1245 (1997). ^3W. M. Stacey, Fusion Technol. 36, 38 (1999).^ ^4W. M. Stacey, Phys. Plasmas 7, 3464 (2000). ^5F. A. Kelly, W. M. Stacey, J. Rapp and M. Brix, Phys. Plasmas 8, 3382 (2001). ^6M. Z. Tokar and F. A. Kelly, Phys. Plasmas 10, 4378 (2003). ^7M. Z. Tokar, F. A. Kelly and X. Loozen, Phys. Plasmas 12, 052510 (2005). PREFACE: Time-resolved scanning tunnelling microscopy Time-resolved scanning tunnelling microscopy NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Zandvliet, Harold J. W.; Lin, Nian 2010-07-01 Scanning tunnelling microscopy has revolutionized our ability to image, manipulate, and investigate solid surfaces on the length scale of individual atoms and molecules. The strength of this technique lies in its imaging capabilities, since for many scientists 'seeing is believing'. However, scanning tunnelling microscopy also suffers from a severe limitation, namely its poor time resolution. Recording a scanning tunnelling microscopy image typically requires a few tens of seconds for a conventional scanning tunnelling microscope to a fraction of a second for a specially designed fast scanning tunnelling microscope. Designing and building such a fast scanning tunnelling microscope is a formidable task in itself and therefore, only a limited number of these microscopes have been built [1]. There is, however, another alternative route to significantly enhance the time resolution of a scanning tunnelling microscope. In this alternative method, the tunnelling current is measured as a function of time with the feedback loop switched off. The time resolution is determined by the bandwidth of the IV converter rather than the cut-off frequency of the feedback electronics. Such an approach requires a stable microscope and goes, of course, at the expense of spatial information. In this issue, we have collected a set of papers that gives an impression of the current status of this rapidly emerging field [2]. One of the very first attempts to extract information from tunnel current fluctuations was reported by Tringides' group in the mid-1990s [3]. They showed that the collective diffusion coefficient can be extracted from the autocorrelation of the time-dependent tunnelling current fluctuations produced by atom motion in and out of the tunnelling junction. In general, current-time traces provide direct information on switching/conformation rates and distributions of residence times. In the case where these processes are thermally induced it is rather straightforward to map out the potential landscape of the system (often a molecule or an atom) under study [4, 5]. However, the dynamical processes might also be induced by the tunnelling process itself [6, 7]. In the field of molecular science, excited single molecule experiments have been especially performed [8]. As a nice example, we refer to the work of Sykes' group [9] on thioether molecular rotors. In addition, several groups explore the possibility of combining time-resolved scanning tunnelling microscopy with optical techniques [10, 11]. Although the majority of studies that have been performed so far focus on rather simple systems under nearly ideal and well-defined conditions, we anticipate that time-resolved scanning tunnelling microscopy can also be applied in other research areas, such as biology and soft condensed matter, where the experimental conditions are often less ideal. We hope that readers will enjoy this collection of papers and that it will trigger them to further explore the possibilities of this simple, but powerful technique. References [1] Besenbacher F, Laegsgaard E and Stengaard I 2005 Mater. Today 8 26 [2] van Houselt A and Zandvliet H J W 2010 Rev. Mod. Phys. 82 1593 [3] Tringides M C and Hupalo M 2010 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 22 264002 [4] Ronci F, Colonna S, Cricenti A and Le Lay G 2010 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 22 264003 [5] van Houselt A, Poelsema B and Zandvliet H J W 2010 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 22 264004 [6] Sprodowski C, Mehlhorn M and Morgenstern K 2010 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 22 264005 [7] Saedi A, Poelsema B and Zandvliet H J W 2010 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 22 264007 [8] Sloan P A 2010 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 22 264001 [9] Jewell A D, Tierney H L, Baber A E, Iski E V, Laha M M and Sykes E C H 2010 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 22 264006 [10] Riedel D 2010 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 22 264009 [11] Terada Y, Yoshida S, Takeuchi O and Shigekawa H 2010 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 22 264008 Series of (2+1)-dimensional stable self-dual interacting conformal field theories NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Cheng, Meng; Xu, Cenke 2016-12-01 Using the duality between seemingly different (2+1)-dimensional [(2 +1 )d ] conformal field theories (CFT) proposed recently [D. T. Son, Phys. Rev. X 5, 031027 (2015), 10.1103/PhysRevX.5.031027; M. A. Metlitski and A. Vishwanath, Phys. Rev. B 93, 245151 (2016), 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.245151; C. Wang and T. Senthil, Phys. Rev. X 6, 011034 (2015), 10.1103/PhysRevX.6.011034; C. Wang and T. Senthil, Phys. Rev. X 5, 041031 (2015), 10.1103/PhysRevX.5.041031; C. Wang and T. Senthil, Phys. Rev. B 93, 085110 (2016), 10.1103/PhysRevB.93.085110; C. Xu and Y.-Z. You, Phys. Rev. B 92, 220416 (2015), 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.220416; D. F. Mross et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 016802 (2016), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.016802; A. Karch and D. Tong, arXiv:1606.01893; N. Seiberg et al., arXiv:1606.01989; P.-S. Hsin and N. Seiberg, arXiv:1607.07457], we study a series of (2 +1 )d stable self-dual interacting CFTs. These CFTs can be realized (for instance) on the boundary of the 3 d bosonic topological insulator protected by U(1) and time-reversal symmetry (T ), and they remain stable as long as these symmetries are preserved. When realized as a boundary system, these CFTs can be driven into anomalous fractional quantum Hall states once T is broken. We demonstrate that the newly proposed dualities allow us to study these CFTs quantitatively through a controlled calculation, without relying on a large flavor number of matter fields. We also propose a numerical test for our results, which would provide strong evidence for the originally proposed duality between Dirac fermion and QED. Smith, Gordon S.; Lincoln, Andrew E.; Wong, Tien Y.; Bell, Nicole S.; Vinger, Paul F.; Amoroso, Paul J.; Lombardi, David A. 2007-01-01 Objective We sought to determine whether demographic differences in eye injury rates persist after adjusting for occupational exposure. Methods On-duty eye injury hospitalizations were linked to occupation among active-duty US Army personnel. Results Eye injury rates were higher for white solidiers, men, and for younger soldiers, even after adjusting for occupational group and specific job titles using multivariate models. Conclusions This finding contrasts with studies of other injuries, suggesting that occupation does not fully account for variations in eye injury risk. Because protective eyewear can prevent most serious eye injuries, we hypothesize that differences in protective eyewear use between men and women may contribute to differences in eye injury rates, although follow-up studies are needed to confirm this. Prevention efforts should consider targeting high-risk demographic groups in addition to high-risk occupations. PMID:15951724 Special issue: diagnostics of atmospheric pressure microplasmas NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Bruggeman, Peter; Czarnetzki, Uwe; Tachibana, Kunihide 2013-11-01 In recent decades, a strong revival of non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma studies has developed in the form of microplasmas. Microplasmas have typical scales of 1 mm or less and offer a very exciting research direction in the field of plasma science and technology as the discharge physics can be considerably different due to high collisionality and the importance of plasma-surface interaction. These high-pressure small-scale plasmas have a diverse range of physical and chemical properties. This diversity coincides with various applications including light/UV sources [1], material processing [2], chemical analysis [3], material synthesis [4], electromagnetics [5], combustion [6] and even medicine [7]. At atmospheric pressure, large scale plasmas have the tendency to become unstable due to the high collision rates leading to enhanced heating and ionization compared to their low-pressure counterparts. As low-pressure plasmas typically operate in reactors with sizes of tens of centimetres, scaling up the pressure to atmospheric pressure the size of the plasma reduces to typical sizes below 1 mm. A natural approach of stabilizing atmospheric pressure plasmas is thus the use of microelectrode geometries. Traditionally microplasmas have been produced in confined geometries which allow one to stabilize dc excited discharges. This stabilization is intrinsically connected to the large surface-to-volume ratio which enhances heat transfer and losses of charged and excited species to the walls. Currently challenging boundaries are pushed by producing microcavity geometries with dimensions of the order of 1 µm [8]. The subject of this special issue, diagnostics of microplasmas, is motivated by the many challenges in microplasma diagnostics in view of the complex chemistry and strong spatial (and even temporal) gradients of species densities and plasma properties. Atmospheric pressure plasmas have a very long history dating back more than 100 years, with early work of, e.g. Werner von Siemens [9], who studied a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in the context of ozone generation. DBD discharges often consist of numerous filamentary discharges which are inherently transient in nature and with a characteristic size similar to the dimensions of microplasmas. Several groups are investigating the stabilization of such plasma filaments to perform temporal and spatial resolved diagnostics. To this end and due to the many similar challenges for diagnostics, this type of discharge is also included in this special issue. Research on microplasmas is performed in many groups spread all over the world, and a biannual workshop is devoted to the topic. The 7th edition of this International Workshop on Microplasmas was held in Beijing in May 2013. Large research programs consisting of clusters of research labs such as in Japan, Germany, France and the USA have been producing a wealth of information available in the literature. As the editors of this special issue, we are very pleased to have attracted a collection of excellent papers from leading experts in the field covering most of the current diagnostics performed in microplasmas. As an introduction to the regular special issue papers, a review paper is included [10]. It describes the key characteristics of atmospheric pressure plasmas and microplasmas in particular, and reviews the state of the art in plasma diagnostics. Special attention has been given in this review to highlighting the issues and challenges to probe microplasmas. The regular papers cover a large range of different diagnostics including coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) [11], (two-photon) laser induced fluorescence ((Ta)LIF) [12, 13, 18, 24], absorption spectroscopy [13-18], optical emission spectroscopy [12, 16-21, 24], imaging [22, 23], surface diagnostics [24, 25] and mass spectrometry [26, 27]. Different aspects of microplasmas are broadly investigated from a perspective of diagnostics, modelling and applications. Diagnostics are pivotal to both the development of models and the optimization and exploration of novel applications. Consequently, this special issue is focused on the various aspects and challenges for diagnostics in microplasmas. In addition, previous special issues on the topic of microplasmas have already covered many aspects of source development, applications and modelling [28-31]. The reader who wishes to access additional background information on microplasmas is referred to the following review papers [32-35]. We would like to thank all the contributors and the editorial staff who were of tremendous support in the preparation of this special issue. It is our sincere hope that you enjoy reading this special issue and that it will be a reference and helpful guidance for young researchers embarking in the field of microplasmas. The continued effort to increase our understanding of plasmas by modelling and diagnostics is of key importance for plasma science and the development of novel technologies. References [1] Eden J G, Park S-J, Herring C M and Bulson J M 2011 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 44 224011 [2] Lucas N, Ermel V, Kurrat M and Buttgenbach S 2008 J. Phys. D: Appl. 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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Russ, Maximilian; Burkard, Guido 2017-10-01 The goal of this article is to review the progress of three-electron spin qubits from their inception to the state of the art. We direct the main focus towards the exchange-only qubit (Bacon et al 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 1758-61, DiVincenzo et al 2000 Nature 408 339) and its derived versions, e.g. the resonant exchange (RX) qubit, but we also discuss other qubit implementations using three electron spins. For each three-spin qubit we describe the qubit model, the envisioned physical realization, the implementations of single-qubit operations, as well as the read-out and initialization schemes. Two-qubit gates and decoherence properties are discussed for the RX qubit and the exchange-only qubit, thereby completing the list of requirements for quantum computation for a viable candidate qubit implementation. We start by describing the full system of three electrons in a triple quantum dot, then discuss the charge-stability diagram, restricting ourselves to the relevant subsystem, introduce the qubit states, and discuss important transitions to other charge states (Russ et al 2016 Phys. Rev. B 94 165411). Introducing the various qubit implementations, we begin with the exchange-only qubit (DiVincenzo et al 2000 Nature 408 339, Laird et al 2010 Phys. Rev. B 82 075403), followed by the RX qubit (Medford et al 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 050501, Taylor et al 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 050502), the spin-charge qubit (Kyriakidis and Burkard 2007 Phys. Rev. B 75 115324), and the hybrid qubit (Shi et al 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 140503, Koh et al 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 250503, Cao et al 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 086801, Thorgrimsson et al 2016 arXiv:1611.04945). The main focus will be on the exchange-only qubit and its modification, the RX qubit, whose single-qubit operations are realized by driving the qubit at its resonant frequency in the microwave range similar to electron spin resonance. Two different types of two-qubit operations are presented for the exchange-only qubits which can be divided into short-ranged and long-ranged interactions. Both of these interaction types are expected to be necessary in a large-scale quantum computer. The short-ranged interactions use the exchange coupling by placing qubits next to each other and applying exchange-pulses (DiVincenzo et al 2000 Nature 408 339, Fong and Wandzura 2011 Quantum Inf. Comput. 11 1003, Setiawan et al 2014 Phys. Rev. B 89 085314, Zeuch et al 2014 Phys. Rev. B 90 045306, Doherty and Wardrop 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 050503, Shim and Tahan 2016 Phys. Rev. B 93 121410), while the long-ranged interactions use the photons of a superconducting microwave cavity as a mediator in order to couple two qubits over long distances (Russ and Burkard 2015 Phys. Rev. B 92 205412, Srinivasa et al 2016 Phys. Rev. B 94 205421). The nature of the three-electron qubit states each having the same total spin and total spin in z-direction (same Zeeman energy) provides a natural protection against several sources of noise (DiVincenzo et al 2000 Nature 408 339, Taylor et al 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 050502, Kempe et al 2001 Phys. Rev. A 63 042307, Russ and Burkard 2015 Phys. Rev. B 91 235411). The price to pay for this advantage is an increase in gate complexity. We also take into account the decoherence of the qubit through the influence of magnetic noise (Ladd 2012 Phys. Rev. B 86 125408, Mehl and DiVincenzo 2013 Phys. Rev. B 87 195309, Hung et al 2014 Phys. Rev. B 90 045308), in particular dephasing due to the presence of nuclear spins, as well as dephasing due to charge noise (Medford et al 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 050501, Taylor et al 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 050502, Shim and Tahan 2016 Phys. Rev. B 93 121410, Russ and Burkard 2015 Phys. Rev. B 91 235411, Fei et al 2015 Phys. Rev. B 91 205434), fluctuations of the energy levels on each dot due to noisy gate voltages or the environment. Several techniques are discussed which partly decouple the qubit from magnetic noise (Setiawan et al 2014 Phys. Rev. B 89 085314, West and Fong 2012 New J. Phys. 14 083002, Rohling and Burkard 2016 Phys. Rev. B 93 205434) while for charge noise it is shown that it is favorable to operate the qubit on the so-called ‘(double) sweet spots’ (Taylor et al 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 050502, Shim and Tahan 2016 Phys. Rev. B 93 121410, Russ and Burkard 2015 Phys. Rev. B 91 235411, Fei et al 2015 Phys. Rev. B 91 205434, Malinowski et al 2017 arXiv: 1704.01298), which are least susceptible to noise, thus providing a longer lifetime of the qubit. Far Infrared, Magnetic and Electronic Studies of High Tc Superconducting Materials 1992-09-30 Phys. Rev. Left. 63, 2421(1989). 8. K. H. Fischer and T. Nattermann, Phys. Rev. .43, 10372(1991). 9. R. E. Walstedt, R. F. Bell, and D. B. Mitzi , Phys...Duran, J. Yazyi, F. dela Cruz, D. J. Bishop, D. B. Mitzi , and A. Kapitulnik, Phys. Rev. B 44, 17737(1991). 14. Y. Yeshurun and A. P. Malozemoff, Phys NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Redi, Martha; Canik, John; Fredrickson, E.; Fu, G.; Nuehrenberg, C.; Boozer, A. H. 2000-10-01 The standard ballooning-mode beta limit comes from an infinite-n, radially local, ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) calculation. Finite-n ballooning modes have been observed in tokamak plasmas [1]. Investigations of optimized quasiaxially symmetric stellarators with three dimensional, global, ideal MHD codes have recently shown good stability for the external kink, ``vertical" and infinite-n ballooning modes [2,3]. However, infinite-n ballooning stability may be too restrictive, due to its sensitivity to features in the local shear and curvature. The CAS3D [4] code is being used to compare the stability of the high-n ballooning modes to the infinite-n calculations from TERPSICHORE [5]. [1] E. Fredrickson, et al. Phys. Plas. 3 (1996) 2620. [2] G. Fu, Phys. Plas. 7 (2000)1079; Phys. Plas. 7 (2000) 1809. M. Redi, et al. Phys. Plas 7 (2000)1911. [3] A. Reiman, et al., Plas. Phys. Cont. Fus. 41 (1999) B273. [4] C. Nuehrenberg, Phys. Plas. 6 (1999) 275. C. Nuehrenberg, Phys. Plas. 3 (1996) 2401. C. Schwab, Phys. Fluids B5 (1993) 3195. [5] W. A. Cooper, Phys. Plas. 3 (1996) 275. Link-Prediction Enhanced Consensus Clustering for Complex Networks (Open Access) 2016-05-20 92:022816. Available from: http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.92.022816. doi: 10. 1103 /PhysRevE.92.022816 16. Aldecoa R, Marín I. Exploring the...from: http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.80.056117. doi: 10. 1103 /PhysRevE.80.056117 18. Dahlin J, Svenson P. Ensemble approaches for improving...046110. Available from: http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevE.81.046110. doi: 10. 1103 /PhysRevE.81.046110 28. Gfeller D, Chappelier JC, De Los Rios P High energy neutrinos from astrophysical accelerators of cosmic ray nuclei NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Anchordoqui, Luis A.; Hooper, Dan; Sarkar, Subir; Taylor, Andrew M. 2008-02-01 Ongoing experimental efforts to detect cosmic sources of high energy neutrinos are guided by the expectation that astrophysical accelerators of cosmic ray protons would also generate neutrinos through interactions with ambient matter and/or photons. 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Suppl.52B19977It is important to stress that the Auger data are still at a preliminary stage and the reconstruction procedures are still to be finalised. However, even allowing for the systematic uncertainties still present, it does appear that at the highest energies fewer events are seen than expected from the AGASA analysis.V.S.BerezinskyG.T.ZatsepinPhys. Lett. B281969423F.W.SteckerAstrophys. J.2281979919R.EngelD.SeckelT.StanevPhys. Rev. D642001093010Z.FodorS.D.KatzA.RingwaldH.TuJCAP03112003015D.De MarcoT.StanevF.W.SteckerPhys. Rev. D732006043003D.HooperA.TaylorS.SarkarAstropart. Phys.23200511M.AveN.BuscaA.V.OlintoA.A.WatsonT.YamamotoAstropart. Phys.23200519A point worth noting at this juncture: If iron nuclei are accelerated to very high energies (much higher than the energy spectrum has been measured), then disintegration can lead to large numbers of protons above the spectrum cutoff. In this case, the resulting cosmogenic neutrino flux is not dramatically suppressed. On the other hand, if iron nuclei are only largely accelerated to around 10eV or less, then the liberated protons will only rarely interact with the CMB to produce pions, hence the cosmogenic neutrino flux will be significantly reduced. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) 2003-06-01 In December 2002 we announced some changes to Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics: an extended scope to highlight the wide range of articles published in the journal and a new definition of Letters to the Editor. As always, comments and suggestions are welcome and should be sent to jphysb@iop.org. Extended scope of J. Phys. B J. Phys. B covers all aspects of atomic, molecular and optical physics. We publish articles on the study of atoms, ions, molecules, condensates or clusters, from their structure and interactions with particles, photons, fields and surfaces to all aspects of spectroscopy. Quantum optics, non-linear optics, laser physics, astrophysics, plasma physics, chemical physics, optical cooling and trapping and other investigations where the objects of study are the elementary atomic, ionic or molecular properties of processes are also included. With the introduction of the BEC Matters! portal and IOP Select, J. Phys. B, one of the major contributors, offers authors of articles in this research area wider visibility and more flexible publication with the opportunity to display multimedia attachments or web links to key groups and results. The recent papers listed below reflect the wide scope of J. Phys. B: Calculation of cross sections for very low-energy hydrogen-antihydrogen scattering using the Kohn variational method E A G Armour and C W Chamberlain J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. Vol 35, No 22 (28 November 2002) L489-L494 Imaging the electron transfer reaction of Ne2+ with Ar using position-sensitive coincidence spectroscopy Sarah M Harper, Wan-Ping Hu and Stephen D Price J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. Vol 35, No 21 (14 November 2002) 4409-4423 Ultraviolet-infrared wavelength scalings for strong field induced L-shell emissions from Kr and Xe clusters Alex B Borisov, Xiangyang Song, Fabrizio Frigeni, Yang Dai, Yevgeniya Koshman, W Andreas Schroeder, Jack Davis, Keith Boyer and Charles K Rhodes J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. Vol 35, No 21 (14 November 2002) L461-L467 A Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice J Hecker Denschlag, J E Simsarian, H Häffner, C McKenzie, A Browaeys, D Cho, K Helmerson, S L Rolston and W D Phillips J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. Vol 35, No 14 (28 July 2002) 3095-3110 Locality of a class of entangled states I R Senitzky J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. Vol 35, No 14 (28 July 2002) 3029-3039 Solitons and vortices in ultracold fermionic gases Tomasz Karpiuk, Miroslaw Brewczyk and Kazimierz Rzazewski J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. Vol 35, No 14 (28 July 2002) L315-L321 Stable islands in chaotic atom-optics billiards, caused by curved trajectories M F Andersen, A Kaplan, N Friedman and N Davidson J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. Vol 35, No 9 (14 May 2002) 2183-2190 Emission probability and photon statistics of a coherently driven mazer Jin Xiong and Zhi-Ming Zhang J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. Vol 35, No 9 (14 May 2002) 2159-2172 The Li+-H2 system in a rigid-rotor approximation: potential energy surface and transport coefficients I Røeggen, H R Skullerud, T H Løvaas and D K Dysthe J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. Vol 35, No 7 (14 April 2002) 1707-1725 The stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii equation C W Gardiner, J R Anglin and T I A Fudge J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. Vol 35, No 6 (28 March 2002) 1555-1582 Oxygen ion impurity in the TEXTOR tokamak boundary plasma observed and analysed by Zeeman spectroscopy J D Hey, C C Chu, S Brezinsek, Ph Mertens and B Unterberg J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. Vol 35, No 6 (28 March 2002) 1525-1553 Electron-hexafluoropropene (C3F6) scattering at intermediate energies Czeslaw Szmytkowski, Pawel Mozejko and Stanislaw Kwitnewski J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. Vol 35, No 5 (14 March 2002) 1267-1274 High-resolution investigations of C2 and CN optical emissions in laser-induced plasmas during graphite ablation S Acquaviva and M L De Giorgi J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. Vol 35, No 4 (28 February 2002) 795-806 New definition of a Letter to the Editor A Letter to the Editor should present new results, likely to stimulate further research and be of interest to the wider atomic, molecular and optical physics community. Above all the results should be sufficiently new and important to merit rapid publication as a Letter, which implies accelerated refereeing procedures. This should be made clear either in the body of the Letter, if appropriate, or with a supporting cover letter from the author on submission to the journal. Letters will have an upper limit of eight journal pages and, as an additional quality check, two referees instead of one will be used to review them. The Board will be asked to make a final publication decision in the event of two conflicting reports. With these measures in place it is hoped that the important new results will receive the exposure they deserve as a Letter. If you have any questions or comments on this or anything relating to J. Phys. B please contact Nicola Gulley, Publisher, J. Phys. B (E-mail: jphysb@iop.org). Regional variation of nonrural pediatric ambulance transport rates: an ecological study. Maio, R F; Tedeschi, P; Swor, R; Krohmer, J; Ferrel, R; Jacques, D L 1996-08-01 To determine the relationship of pediatric transport rates per hundred thousand pediatric population (RATE) to socioeconomic status (SES) factors and also mortality in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) systems. Retrospective ecological study. Four EMS Medical Control Authorities (MCAs) in Michigan. Patients (3,792), 0-19 years of age, responded to as a nonscheduled emergency response and transported to a hospital by ambulance. RATE, economic status (INCOME), private transportation status (VEHICLE), educational status (EDUC), primary care physician availability (PHYS), and EMS disease death rate (EMSDD) were determined for each MCA and analyzed using Spearman rank correlation. RATE between MCAs varied from 325 to 750. RATE was highest in the most urban MCA: its 0-4 RATE was fourfold larger than any other MCA. INCOME, EDUC, and VEHICLE were inversely correlated with transport rate: -1.00, -1.00, -1.00; P < 0.001. Rate was positively correlated with EMSDD: 1.00; P < 0.001. Substantial variation in RATE between MCAs may be primarily due to the high 0-4 transport rate in the most urban MCA. This study also suggests that higher pediatric EMS system utilization rates may be correlated to higher mortality and also to unavailability of personal transportation. Thermodynamics of quantum spacetime histories NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Smolin, Lee 2017-11-01 We show that the simplicity constraints, which define the dynamics of spin foam models, imply, and are implied by, the first law of thermodynamics, when the latter is applied to causal diamonds in the quantum spacetime. This result reveals an intimate connection between the holographic nature of gravity, as reflected by the Bekenstein entropy, and the fact that general relativity and other gravitational theories can be understood as constrained topological field theories. To state and derive this correspondence we describe causal diamonds in the causal structure of spin foam histories and generalize arguments given for the near horizon region of black holes by Frodden, Gosh and Perez [Phys. Rev. D 87, 121503 (2013); , 10.1103/PhysRevD.87.121503Phys. Rev. D 89, 084069 (2014); , 10.1103/PhysRevD.89.084069Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 241301 (2011); , 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.241301Phys. Rev. Lett.108, 169901(E) (2012)., 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.169901] and Bianchi [arXiv:1204.5122.]. This allows us to apply a recent argument of Jacobson [Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 201101 (2016). Davis, Joel D; Koppenhaver, Shane 2017-05-01 A 24-year-old male soldier on limited-duty status was referred to physical therapy by his primary care physician for a 2-year history of insidious-onset and slowly progressive low back pain. Lumbar radiographs were noncontributory. Shortly after initiating rehabilitation, the patient underwent magnetic resonance imaging that was previously ordered by his primary care physician. Radiology identified a complex mass and cortical fracturing within the L1 vertebral body, and subsequent computed tomography imaging demonstrated mixed sclerotic and lytic foci at L1. Biopsy later confirmed an epithelioid hemangioma. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(5):367. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.6689. Defects, Tunneling, and EPR Spectra of Single-Molecule Magnets 2003-01-01 Caranin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 187203 (2001); Phys. Rev. B 65, 094423 (2002). 19. A. Cornia, R. Sessoli, L. Sorace, D. Gatteschi , A. L. Barra, and C...Phys. Rev. B 64, 184426 (2001). 25. A. Mukhin, B. Gorshunov, M. Dressel, C. Sangregorio. and D. Gatteschi , Phys. Rev. B 63, 214411 (2001). 26. W Equilibrium Structure and Vibrational Spectra of Sila-Adamantane 2006-10-27 42, 3276 (1990); M. R. Pederson, K. A. Jackson, Phys. Rev. B. 43, 7312 ( 1991 ); M. R. Pederson, D. V. Porezag, J. Kortus, and D. C. Patton, Phys... Pankratov , Phys. Rev. B 68, 085310 (2003); P. H. Han, W. G. Schmidt, and F. Becstedt, Phys. Rev. B 72, 245425 (2005). [13] T. Yamada, T. Inoue, K. Yamada, N 2012-01-01 Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 2147 (1999). [89] Y. Zhang, Y. Tan, H. L. Stormer and P. Kim, Nature 438, 10 (2005). [90] J. W. McClure, Phys. Rev. 108, 612 (1957...Phys. 2, 595 (2006). [97] H. L. Stormer , J. P. Eisenstein, A. C. Gossard, W. Wiegmann, and K. Baldwin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 85 (1985). [98] B. A...Sadowski, J. M. Schneider, and M. Potemski, J. Phys.: Cond. Matter 20, 454223 (2008). [108] W. Pan, J. S. Xia, H. L. Stormer , D. C. Tsui, C. L Chemical Reactions at the in vacuo Au/InP Interface. 1987-07-25 Phys. C: Solid State Phys. 10, 4545 (1977). 2 A. Hiraki, K. Shuto, S. Kim, W. Kanmnura, and M. Iwami, Appl.Phys. Letts. 31, 611 (1977). 3. P.W. Chye ...Pelous, and P. Henoc, J.Appl.Phys. 52, 5112 (1981). 13. 1. Camlibel, A.K. Chin , F. Ermanis, M.A. DiGiuseppe, J.A. Lourenco and W.A. Bonner Vanishing Hall conductance in the phase-glass Bose metal at zero temperature NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) May-Mann, Julian; Phillips, Philip W. 2018-01-01 Motivated in part by numerical simulations [H. G. Katzgraber and A. P. Young, Phys. Rev. B 66, 224507 (2002), 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.224507; J. M. Kosterlitz and N. Akino, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 4672 (1998), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.4672; Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 4672 (1998), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.4672] that reveal that the energy to create a defect in a gauge or phase glass scales as Lθ with θ <0 for two dimensions, thereby implying a vanishing stiffness, we reexamine the relevance of these kinds of models to the Bose metal in light of the new experiments [N. P. Breznay and Kapitulnik (unpublished); Y. Wang, I. Tamir, D. Shahar, and N. P. Armitage, arXiv:1708.01908 [cond-mat.supr-con DPEMC: A Monte Carlo for double diffraction NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Boonekamp, M.; Kúcs, T. 2005-05-01 We extend the POMWIG Monte Carlo generator developed by B. Cox and J. Forshaw, to include new models of central production through inclusive and exclusive double Pomeron exchange in proton-proton collisions. Double photon exchange processes are described as well, both in proton-proton and heavy-ion collisions. In all contexts, various models have been implemented, allowing for comparisons and uncertainty evaluation and enabling detailed experimental simulations. Program summaryTitle of the program:DPEMC, version 2.4 Catalogue identifier: ADVF Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/ADVF Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University of Belfast, N. Ireland Computer: any computer with the FORTRAN 77 compiler under the UNIX or Linux operating systems Operating system: UNIX; Linux Programming language used: FORTRAN 77 High speed storage required:<25 MB No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 71 399 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 639 950 Distribution format: tar.gz Nature of the physical problem: Proton diffraction at hadron colliders can manifest itself in many forms, and a variety of models exist that attempt to describe it [A. Bialas, P.V. Landshoff, Phys. Lett. B 256 (1991) 540; A. Bialas, W. Szeremeta, Phys. Lett. B 296 (1992) 191; A. Bialas, R.A. Janik, Z. Phys. C 62 (1994) 487; M. Boonekamp, R. Peschanski, C. Royon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 (2001) 251806; Nucl. Phys. B 669 (2003) 277; R. Enberg, G. Ingelman, A. Kissavos, N. Timneanu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 (2002) 081801; R. Enberg, G. Ingelman, L. Motyka, Phys. Lett. B 524 (2002) 273; R. Enberg, G. Ingelman, N. Timneanu, Phys. Rev. D 67 (2003) 011301; B. Cox, J. Forshaw, Comput. Phys. Comm. 144 (2002) 104; B. Cox, J. Forshaw, B. Heinemann, Phys. Lett. B 540 (2002) 26; V. Khoze, A. Martin, M. Ryskin, Phys. Lett. B 401 (1997) 330; Eur. Phys. J. C 14 (2000) 525; Eur. Phys. J. C 19 (2001) 477; Erratum, Eur. Phys. J. C 20 (2001) 599; Eur. Phys. J. C 23 (2002) 311]. This program implements some of the more significant ones, enabling the simulation of central particle production through color singlet exchange between interacting protons or antiprotons. Method of solution: The Monte Carlo method is used to simulate all elementary 2→2 and 2→1 processes available in HERWIG. The color singlet exchanges implemented in DPEMC are implemented as functions reweighting the photon flux already present in HERWIG. Restriction on the complexity of the problem: The program relying extensively on HERWIG, the limitations are the same as in [G. Marchesini, B.R. Webber, G. Abbiendi, I.G. Knowles, M.H. Seymour, L. Stanco, Comput. Phys. Comm. 67 (1992) 465; G. Corcella, I.G. Knowles, G. Marchesini, S. Moretti, K. Odagiri, P. Richardson, M. Seymour, B. Webber, JHEP 0101 (2001) 010]. Typical running time: Approximate times on a 800 MHz Pentium III: 5-20 min per 10 000 unweighted events, depending on the process under consideration. Voltage and Pressure Scaling of Streamer Dynamics in a Helium Plasma Jet With N2 CO-Flow (Postprint) 2014-08-14 de Wetering, R. Blanc, E. M. van Veldhuizen , and U. Ebert, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 43, 145204 (2010). 26T. M. P. Briels, J. Kos, G. J. J. Winands, E. M... van Veldhuizen , and U. Ebert, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 41, 234004 (2008). 27See http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/ASD for National Institute of...T. Briels, and E. van Velduizen, J. Geophys. Res. 115, A00E43, doi:10.1029/2009JA014867 (2010) and references therein. 25S. Nijdam, F. M. J. H. van Chaotic and Bifurcating Nonlinear Systems Driven by Noise with Applications to Laser Dynamics 1988-12-30 W. o. leich and M. 0. Scully, Phys. Rev. A . 37, 3010 (1988) and ibid, 1261 (1988), and references therein. 14. A . K. Dhara and S. V . G. Menon, J...Fronzoni, F. Moss, R. Mannella and P. V . E. McClintock. Phys. Rev. A 36. 834 (1987) 35. L. Fronzoni, F. Moss and P. V . E. McClintock, Phys. Rev. A . 36...1492 (1987). 36. V . Altares and G. Nicolis, Phys. Rev. A 37. 3630 (1988) 37. R. Lefever and JI Win. Turner. Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 1631 (1986) 38. K NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Sahai, Aakash A.; Tsung, Frank S.; Tableman, Adam R.; Mori, Warren B.; Katsouleas, Thomas C. 2013-10-01 The relativistically induced transparency acceleration (RITA) scheme of proton and ion acceleration using laser-plasma interactions is introduced, modeled, and compared to the existing schemes. Protons are accelerated with femtosecond relativistic pulses to produce quasimonoenergetic bunches with controllable peak energy. The RITA scheme works by a relativistic laser inducing transparency [Akhiezer and Polovin, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz 30, 915 (1956); Kaw and Dawson, Phys. FluidsPFLDAS0031-917110.1063/1.1692942 13, 472 (1970); Max and Perkins, Phys. Rev. Lett.PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.27.1342 27, 1342 (1971)] to densities higher than the cold-electron critical density, while the background heavy ions are stationary. The rising laser pulse creates a traveling acceleration structure at the relativistic critical density by ponderomotively [Lindl and Kaw, Phys. FluidsPFLDAS0031-917110.1063/1.1693437 14, 371 (1971); Silva , Phys. Rev. E1063-651X10.1103/PhysRevE.59.2273 59, 2273 (1999)] driving a local electron density inflation, creating an electron snowplow and a co-propagating electrostatic potential. The snowplow advances with a velocity determined by the rate of the rise of the laser's intensity envelope and the heavy-ion-plasma density gradient scale length. The rising laser is incrementally rendered transparent to higher densities such that the relativistic-electron plasma frequency is resonant with the laser frequency. In the snowplow frame, trace density protons reflect off the electrostatic potential and get snowplowed, while the heavier background ions are relatively unperturbed. Quasimonoenergetic bunches of velocity equal to twice the snowplow velocity can be obtained and tuned by controlling the snowplow velocity using laser-plasma parameters. An analytical model for the proton energy as a function of laser intensity, rise time, and plasma density gradient is developed and compared to 1D and 2D PIC OSIRIS [Fonseca , Lect. Note Comput. Sci.9783-540410.1007/3-540-47789-6_36 2331, 342 (2002)] simulations. We model the acceleration of protons to GeV energies with tens-of-femtoseconds laser pulses of a few petawatts. The scaling of proton energy with laser power compares favorably to other mechanisms for ultrashort pulses [Schreiber , Phys. Rev. Lett.PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.97.045005 97, 045005 (2006); Esirkepov , Phys. Rev. Lett.PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.92.175003 92, 175003 (2004); Silva , Phys. Rev. Lett.PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.92.015002 92, 015002 (2004); Fiuza , Phys. Rev. Lett.PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.109.215001 109, 215001 (2012)]. Impact of Duality Violations on Spectral Sum Rule analyses NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Catà, Oscar 2007-02-01 Recent sum rule analyses on the A study of the turn-up effect in the electron momentum spectroscopy NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Dal Cappello, C.; Menas, F.; Houamer, S.; Popov, Yu V.; Roy, A. C. 2015-10-01 Recently, a number of electron momentum spectroscopy measurements for the ionization of atoms and molecules have shown that the triple differential cross section (TDCS) has an unexpected higher intensity in a low momentum regime (Brunger M J, Braidwood S W, Mc Carthy I E and Weigold E 1994 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 27 L597, Hollebone B P, Neville J J, Zheng Y, Brion C E, Wang Y and Davidson E R 1995 Chem. Phys. 196 13, Brion C E, Zheng Y, Rolke J, Neville J J, McCarthy I E and Wang J 1998 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 31 L223, Ren X G, Ning C G, Deng J K, Zhang S F, Su G L, Huang F and Li G Q 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 163201, Deng J K, et al 2001 J. Chem. Phys. 114 882, Ning C G, Ren X G, Deng J K, Su G L, Zhang S F and Li G Q 2006 Phys. Rev. A 73 022704). This surprising result is now called the turn-up effect. Our aim is to investigate such an effect by studying the case of the ionization of atomic hydrogen in an excited state using the 3C model (Brauner M, Briggs J S and Klar H 1989 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 22 2265) which is able to describe all the measured results of the single ionization of atomic hydrogen in its ground state for an incident energy beyond 200 eV. A comparison is also made of the findings of the present method with those of the plane wave impulse approximation and distorted wave models. Physics of the Cosmos Program Analysis Group (PhysPAG) Report NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Nousek, John A. 2015-01-01 The Physics of the Cosmos Program Analysis Group (PhysPAG) serves as a forum for soliciting and coordinating input and analysis from the scientific community in support of the PCOS program objectives. I will outline the activities of the PhysPAG over the past year, since the last meeting during the AAS meeting in National Harbor, and mention the activities of the PhysPAG related Scientific Interest Groups. Nonequilibrium Plasma Research 2010-05-01 Kulikovsky, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 25, 439 (1997). 61. W. Yi and P. Williams, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 35, 205 (2002). 62. E. van Veldhuizen and W...Rutgers, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 35, 2169 (2002). 63. E. van Veldhuizen , A. Baede, D. Hayashi, and W. Rutgers, APP Spring Meeting (Bad Honnef...Nonequilibrium Air Plasmas at Atmosphere Pressure, (Institute of Physics, Bristol, UK 2005) Review Article: P. Bletzinger, B. N. Ganguly, D. Van Wie and 1982-11-02 Wolfe, Phys. Rev. Lett. 27, 988 (1971). 5. H.R. Fetterman , D.M. Larsen, G.E. Stillman, P.E. Tannenwald, and J. Waldman, Phys.Rev. Lett. 26. 975(1971). 6...Kirkman, P.E. Simmonds, and R.A. Stradling, J. Phys. C., Solid State Phys. 8, 530 (1975). 18. H.R. Fetterman , J. Waldman and C.M. Wolfe, Solid State Commun NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Nousek, John A. 2014-01-01 The Physics of the Cosmos Program Analysis Group (PhysPAG) is responsible for solicitiing and coordinating community input for the development and execution of NASA's Physics of the Cosmos (PCOS) program. In this session I will report on the activity of the PhysPAG, and solicit community involvement in the process of defining PCOS objectives, planning SMD architecture, and prioritizing PCOS activities. I will also report on the activities of the PhysPAG Executive Committee, which include the chairs of the Science Analysis Groups/ Science Interest Groups which fall under the PhysPAG sphere of interest. Time at the end of the presentation willl be reserved for questions and discussion from the community. Quantum-Critical Dynamics of the Skyrmion Lattice. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Green, Andrew G. 2002-03-01 Slightly away from exact filling of the lowest Landau level, the quantum Hall ferromagnet contains a finite density of magnetic vortices or Skyrmions[1,2]. These Skyrmions are expected to form a square lattice[3], the low energy excitations of which (translation/phonon modes and rotation/breathing modes) lead to dramatically enhanced nuclear relaxation[4,5]. Upon changing the filling fraction, the rotational modes undergo a quantum phase transition where zero-point fluctuations destroy the orientational order of the Skyrmions[4,6]. I will discuss the effect of this quantum critical point upon nuclear spin relaxation[7]. [1]S. L. Sondhi et al., Phys. Rev. B47, 16419 (1993). [2]S. E. Barrett et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 5112 (1995), A. Schmeller et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 4290 (1995). [3]L. Brey et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 2562 (1995). [4]R. Côté et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 4825 (1997). [5]R. Tycko et al., Science 268, 1460 (1995). [6]Yu V. Nazarov and A. V. Khaetskii, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 576 (1998). [7]A. G. Green, Phys. Rev. B61, R16 299 (2000). Reynolds number effects on the single-mode Richtmyer-Meshkov instability NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Walchli, B.; Thornber, B. 2017-01-01 The Reynolds number effects on the nonlinear growth rates of the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability are investigated using two-dimensional numerical simulations. A decrease in Reynolds number gives an increased time to reach nonlinear saturation, with Reynolds number effects only significant in the range Re<256 . Within this range there is a sharp change in instability properties. The bubble and spike amplitudes move towards equal size at lower Reynolds numbers and the bubble velocities decay faster than predicted by Sohn's model [S.-I. Sohn, Phys. Rev. E 80, 055302 (2009), 10.1103/PhysRevE.80.055302]. Predicted amplitudes show reasonable agreement with the existing theory of Carles and Popinet [P. Carles and S. Popinet, Phys. Fluids Lett. 13, 1833 (2001), 10.1063/1.1377863; Eur. J. Mech. B 21, 511 (2002), 10.1016/S0997-7546(02)01199-8] and Mikaelian [K. O. Mikaelian, Phys. Rev. E 47, 375 (1993), 10.1103/PhysRevE.47.375; K. O. Mikaelian, Phys. Rev. E 87, 031003 (2013), 10.1103/PhysRevE.87.031003], with the former being the closest match to the current computations. Reply to "Comment on `Particle path through a nested Mach-Zehnder interferometer' " NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Griffiths, Robert B. 2018-02-01 While much of the technical analysis in the preceding Comment is correct, in the end it confirms the conclusion reached in my previous work [Phys. Rev. A 94, 032115 (2016), 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.032115]: A consistent histories analysis provides no support for the claim of counterfactual quantum communication put forward by Salih et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 170502 (2013), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.170502]. α-decay systematics for superheavy elements NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Duarte, S. B.; Teruya, N. 2012-01-01 In this Brief Report we extend the α-decay half-life calculation to the superheavy emitter region to verify whether these nuclei satisfy the recently observed systematics [D. N. Poenaru , Phys. Rev. CPRVCAN0556-281310.1103/PhysRevC.83.014601 83, 014601 (2011);C. Qi , Phys. Rev. CPRVCAN0556-281310.1103/PhysRevC.80.044326 80, 044326 (2009)]. To establish the systematics, we have used the α-cluster potential description, which was originally developed to study α decay in connection with nuclear energy level structure [B. Buck , Phys. Rev. CPRVCAN0556-281310.1103/PhysRevC.51.559 51, 559 (1995)]. The quantum-mechanical tunneling calculation has been employed to obtain the half-lives, showing that with this treatment the systematics are well reproduced in the region of heavy nuclei. Finally, the half-life calculation has been extended to the superheavy emitters to verify whether the systematics can still be observed. One-loop light-cone QCD, effective action for reggeized gluons and QCD RFT calculus NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Bondarenko, S.; Lipatov, L.; Pozdnyakov, S.; Prygarin, A. 2017-09-01 The effective action for reggeized gluons is based on the gluodynamic Yang-Mills Lagrangian with external current for longitudinal gluons added, see Lipatov (Nucl Phys B 452:369, 1995; Phys Rep 286:131, 1997; Subnucl Ser 49:131, 2013; Int J Mod Phys Conf Ser 39:1560082, 2015; Int J Mod Phys A 31(28/29):1645011, 2016; EPJ Web Conf 125:01010, 2016). On the base of classical solutions, obtained in Bondarenko et al. (Eur Phys J C 77(8):527, 2017), the one-loop corrections to this effective action in light-cone gauge are calculated. The RFT calculus for reggeized gluons similarly to the RFT introduced in Gribov (Sov Phys JETP 26:414, 1968) is proposed and discussed. The correctness of the results is verified by calculation of the propagators of A+ and A- reggeized gluons fields and application of the obtained results is discussed as well. Shock-wave ion acceleration by an ultra-relativistic short laser pulse NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Zhidkov, A.; Batishchev, O.; Uesaka, M. 2002-11-01 Research on ion acceleration by intense short laser pulses grows in the last few years [1-9] because of various applications. However, the study is mainly focused on the forward ion acceleration. We study ion inward acceleration, which in contrast to other mechanisms has density of ions per unit energy not decreased with the laser intensity [8]. Magnetic field generated due to a finite size of laser spot can affect electron distribution. In the present work we study the effect of magnetic field on the shock wave formation and ion acceleration in a solid target via 2D PIC and Vlasov simulation. Though the PIC simulation can provide detailed information, in relativistic plasmas it may not calculate B correctly: (i) too many particles are needed to make B disappeared in thermal plasmas, (ii) local scheme [10] does not satisfy curl(Epl)=0. Therefore, two approaches are used in the present study. [1] S. P. Hatchett et al., Phys. Plas. 7, 2076 (2000); [2] A. Maksimchuk et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4108 (2000); [3] E.L. Clark et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 1654 (2000); [4] A. Zhidkov et al., Phys. Rev. E60, 3273 (1999); E61, R2224 (2000); [5] Y. Murakami et al, Phys. Plasmas 8,4138 (2001); [6] T.Zh. Esirkepov et al, JETP Lett. 70, 82 (1999); [7] A. Pukhov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3562(2001); [8] A.A. Andreev et al., Plasma Phys. Contr. Fusion (2002); [9] O.V. Batishchev et al., Plasma Phys. Rep. 20, 587 (1994); [10] J. Villasenor et al., Comp. Phys. Comm. 69, 306 (1992). NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Hey, J. D. 2014-08-01 As a sequel to an earlier study (Hey 2009 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 42 125701), we consider further the application of the line strength formula derived by Watson (2006 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 39 L291) to transitions arising from states of very high principal quantum number in hydrogenic atoms and ions (Rydberg-Rydberg transitions, n > 1000). It is shown how apparent difficulties associated with the use of recurrence relations, derived (Hey 2006 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 39 2641) by the ladder operator technique of Infeld and Hull (1951 Rev. Mod. Phys. 23 21), may be eliminated by a very simple numerical device, whereby this method may readily be applied up to n ≈ 10 000. Beyond this range, programming of the method may entail greater care and complexity. The use of the numerically efficient McLean-Watson formula for such cases is again illustrated by the determination of radiative lifetimes and comparison of present results with those from an asymptotic formula. The question of the influence on the results of the omission or inclusion of fine structure is considered by comparison with calculations based on the standard Condon-Shortley line strength formula. Interest in this work on the radial matrix elements for large n and n‧ is related to measurements of radio recombination lines from tenuous space plasmas, e.g. Stepkin et al (2007 Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 374 852), Bell et al (2011 Astrophys. Space Sci. 333 377), to the calculation of electron impact broadening parameters for such spectra (Watson 2006 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 39 1889) and comparison with other theoretical methods (Peach 2014 Adv. Space Res. in press), to the modelling of physical processes in H II regions (Roshi et al 2012 Astrophys. J. 749 49), and the evaluation bound-bound transitions from states of high n during primordial cosmological recombination (Grin and Hirata 2010 Phys. Rev. D 81 083005, Ali-Haïmoud and Hirata 2010 Phys. Rev. D 82 063521, Ali-Haïmoud 2013 Phys. Rev. D 87 023526). Reply to "Comment on `Protecting bipartite entanglement by quantum interferences' " NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Das, Sumanta; Agarwal, G. S. 2018-03-01 In a recent Comment Nair and Arun, Phys. Rev. A 97, 036301 (2018), 10.1103/PhysRevA.97.036301, it was concluded that the two-qubit entanglement protection reported in our work [Das and Agarwal, Phys. Rev. A 81, 052341 (2010), 10.1103/PhysRevA.81.052341] is erroneous. While we acknowledge the error in analytical results on concurrence when dipole matrix elements were unequal, the essential conclusions on entanglement protection are not affected. ERRATUM: Papers published in incorrect sections NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) 2004-04-01 A number of J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. articles have mistakenly been placed in the wrong subject section in recent issues of the journal. We would like to apologize to the authors of these articles for publishing their papers in the Fluid and Plasma Theory section. The correct section for each article is given below. Statistical Physics Issue 4: Microcanonical entropy for small magnetizations Behringer H 2004 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 37 1443 Mathematical Physics Issue 9: On the solution of fractional evolution equations Kilbas A A, Pierantozzi T, Trujillo J J and Vázquez L 2004 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 37 3271 Quantum Mechanics and Quantum Information Theory Issue 6: New exactly solvable isospectral partners for PT-symmetric potentials Sinha A and Roy P 2004 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 37 2509 Issue 9: Symplectically entangled states and their applications to coding Vourdas A 2004 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 37 3305 Classical and Quantum Field Theory Issue 6: Pairing of parafermions of order 2: seniority model Nelson C A 2004 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 37 2497 Issue 7: Jordan-Schwinger map, 3D harmonic oscillator constants of motion, and classical and quantum parameters characterizing electromagnetic wave polarization Mota R D, Xicoténcatl M A and Granados V D 2004 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 37 2835 Issue 9: Could only fermions be elementary? Lev F M 2004 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 37 3285 A comparison of three radiation models for the calculation of nozzle arcs NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Dixon, C. M.; Yan, J. D.; Fang, M. T. C. 2004-12-01 Three radiation models, the semi-empirical model based on net emission coefficients (Zhang et al 1987 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 20 386-79), the five-band P1 model (Eby et al 1998 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 31 1578-88), and the method of partial characteristics (Aubrecht and Lowke 1994 J. Phys. D: Appl.Phys. 27 2066-73, Sevast'yanenko 1979 J. Eng. Phys. 36 138-48), are used to calculate the radiation transfer in an SF6 nozzle arc. The temperature distributions computed by the three models are compared with the measurements of Leseberg and Pietsch (1981 Proc. 4th Int. Symp. on Switching Arc Phenomena (Lodz, Poland) pp 236-40) and Leseberg (1982 PhD Thesis RWTH Aachen, Germany). It has been found that all three models give similar distributions of radiation loss per unit time and volume. For arcs burning in axially dominated flow, such as arcs in nozzle flow, the semi-empirical model and the P1 model give accurate predictions when compared with experimental results. The prediction by the method of partial characteristics is poorest. The computational cost is the lowest for the semi-empirical model. Reynolds number effects on the single-mode Richtmyer-Meshkov instability. Walchli, B; Thornber, B 2017-01-01 The Reynolds number effects on the nonlinear growth rates of the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability are investigated using two-dimensional numerical simulations. A decrease in Reynolds number gives an increased time to reach nonlinear saturation, with Reynolds number effects only significant in the range Re<256. Within this range there is a sharp change in instability properties. The bubble and spike amplitudes move towards equal size at lower Reynolds numbers and the bubble velocities decay faster than predicted by Sohn's model [S.-I. Sohn, Phys. Rev. E 80, 055302 (2009)PLEEE81539-375510.1103/PhysRevE.80.055302]. Predicted amplitudes show reasonable agreement with the existing theory of Carles and Popinet [P. Carles and S. Popinet, Phys. Fluids Lett. 13, 1833 (2001)10.1063/1.1377863; Eur. J. Mech. B 21, 511 (2002)EJBFEV0997-754610.1016/S0997-7546(02)01199-8] and Mikaelian [K. O. Mikaelian, Phys. Rev. E 47, 375 (1993)1063-651X10.1103/PhysRevE.47.375; K. O. Mikaelian, Phys. Rev. E 87, 031003 (2013)PLEEE81539-375510.1103/PhysRevE.87.031003], with the former being the closest match to the current computations. Magnetic and structural X-ray dichroïsms of metallic multilayers NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Pizzini, Stefania; Fontaine, A.; Baudelet, F.; Minr, S.; Giorgetti, C.; Dartyge, E.; Bobo, J. F.; Piecuch, M. 1995-05-01 Fe/Cu and Co/Cu multilayers are intensively studied because of their exceptional magnetic properties, i.e., their giant magnetoresistance and the oscillations of the magnetic coupling between magnetic layers as a function of the thickness of the copper spacer [S.S. Parkin et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 66 (1991) 2152; F. Petroff et al., Phys. Rev. B 44 (1991) 5355]. Spectroscopic approaches to the understanding of the coupling of ferromagnetic layers through a noble metal layer have been recently introduced, in particular spin-resolved photoemission [N.B. Brookes et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 67 (1991) 354; C. Carbone et al., PRL 71 (1993) 2805] inverse photoemission [J.E. Ortega et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 69 (1992) 844; Phys. Rev. B 47 (1993) 1540] and magnetic circular dichroism [S. Pizzini et al., MRS Symp. Proc., vol. 313 (1993); M.G. Samant et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 72 (1994) 2152; S. Pizzini et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 (1995) 1470]. X-ray absorption spectroscopy appears to be effective both for determination of the local structure, specific to the bidimensionality of the system but also for the electron symmetry-dependent evaluation of the spin polarisation of the noble metal as well as the magnetic element. Fully relativistic B-spline R-matrix calculations for electron collisions with xenon NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Bartschat, Klaus; Zatsarinny, Oleg 2009-05-01 We have applied our recently developed fully relativistic Dirac B-spline R-matrix (DBSR) code [1] to calculate electron scattering from xenon atoms. Results from a 31-state close-coupling model for the excitation function of the metastable (5p^5 6s) J=0,2 states show excellent agreement with experiment [2], thereby presenting a significant improvement over the most sophisticated previous Breit-Pauli calculations [3,4]. This allows for a detailed and reliable analysis of the resonance structure. The same model is currently being used to calculate electron-impact excitation from the metastable J=2 state. The results will be compared with recent experimental data [5] and predictions from other theoretical models [6,7]. [1] O. Zatsarinny and K. Bartschat, Phys. Rev. A 77 (2008) 062701. [2] S. J. Buckman et al., J. Phys. B 16 (1983) 4219. [3] A. N. Grum-Grzhimailo and K. Bartschat, J. Phys. B 35 (2002) 3479. [4] M. Allan et al., Phys. Rev. A 74 (2006) 030701(R). [5] R. O. Jung et al., Phys. Rev. A 72 (2005) 022723. [6] R. Srivastava et al., Phys. Rev. A 74 (2006) 012715. [7] J. Jiang et al., J. Phys. B 41 (2008) 245204. Multiplicity-dependent and nonbinomial efficiency corrections for particle number cumulants NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Bzdak, Adam; Holzmann, Romain; Koch, Volker 2016-12-01 In this article we extend previous work on efficiency corrections for cumulant measurements [Bzdak and Koch, Phys. Rev. C 86, 044904 (2012), 10.1103/PhysRevC.86.044904; Phys. Rev. C 91, 027901 (2015), 10.1103/PhysRevC.91.027901]. We will discuss the limitations of the methods presented in these papers. Specifically we will consider multiplicity dependent efficiencies as well as nonbinomial efficiency distributions. We will discuss the most simple and straightforward methods to implement those corrections. Reply to "Comment on `Troublesome aspects of the Renyi-MaxEnt treatment' " NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Plastino, A.; Rocca, M. C.; Pennini, F. 2017-11-01 This Reply is intended as a refutation of the preceding Comment [Oikonomou and Bagci, Phys. Rev. E 96, 056101 (2017), 10.1103/PhysRevE.96.056101] on our paper [Plastino et al., Phys. Rev. E 94, 012145 (2016)., 10.1103/PhysRevE.94.012145]. We show that the Tsallis probability distribution of our paper does not coincide with the Tsallis distribution studied by Oikonomou and Bagci. Consequently, their findings do not apply to our paper. Reply to "Comment on 'Troublesome aspects of the Renyi-MaxEnt treatment' ". Plastino, A; Rocca, M C; Pennini, F 2017-11-01 This Reply is intended as a refutation of the preceding Comment [Oikonomou and Bagci, Phys. Rev. E 96, 056101 (2017)10.1103/PhysRevE.96.056101] on our paper [Plastino et al., Phys. Rev. E 94, 012145 (2016).1539-375510.1103/PhysRevE.94.012145]. We show that the Tsallis probability distribution of our paper does not coincide with the Tsallis distribution studied by Oikonomou and Bagci. Consequently, their findings do not apply to our paper. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Bordenave-Montesquieu, A.; Moretto-Capelle, P.; Bordenave-Montesquieu, D. 2003-02-01 The J. Phys. B publishing team would like to apologize to the authors of the above paper. In this paper, references [42] and [43] were printed incorrectly. The correct references are: [42] Bordenave-Montesquieu A, Gleizes A and Benoit-Cattin P 1982 Phys. Rev. A 25 245-67 [43] Bordenave-Montesquieu A et al 1987 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys. 20 L695-703. 2013-01-01 Narten, J. Chem. Phys., 1975, 63, 3624–3631. 10 A. Botti, F. Bruni, S. Imberti, M. A. Ricci and A. K. Soper , J. Chem. Phys., 2004, 121, 7840–7848. 11 D...10478. 48 I. Harsányi and L. Pusztai, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 2005, 17, S59–S65. 49 A. Botti, F. Bruni, M. A. Ricci and A. K. Soper , J. Chem. Phys Multiplicity-dependent and nonbinomial efficiency corrections for particle number cumulants Bzdak, Adam; Holzmann, Romain; Koch, Volker 2016-12-19 Here, we extend previous work on efficiency corrections for cumulant measurements [Bzdak and Koch, Phys. Rev. C 86, 044904 (2012)PRVCAN0556-281310.1103/PhysRevC.86.044904; Phys. Rev. C 91, 027901 (2015)PRVCAN0556-281310.1103/PhysRevC.91.027901]. We will then discuss the limitations of the methods presented in these papers. Specifically we will consider multiplicity dependent efficiencies as well as nonbinomial efficiency distributions. We will discuss the most simple and straightforward methods to implement those corrections. CLAS g10 Analysis on Single Photopion Productions from Deuterium NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Chen, Wei 2006-04-01 Photopion productions from nucleons are essential probes of the transition from meson-nucleon degrees of freedom to quark-gluon degrees of freedom in exclusive processes. The cross sections of these processes are also advantageous, for the investigation of the oscillatory behavior around the quark counting prediction, since they decrease relatively slower with energy compared with other photon-induced processes. Recent data from JLab experiment E94-104 [1,2] show dramatic change in the scaled differential cross-section from the γn ->&-circ;p and γp ->&+circ;n processes in the center of mass energy between 1.8 GeV to about 2.4 GeV. We are carrying out a CLAS approved analysis [3] of the JLab CLAS g10 data on the γn ->&-circ;p to investigate this dramatic behavior in much finer photon energy bins. Furthermore, the angular dependence of the scaling behavior for this process will also be studied in detail. We will report the status of the analysis in this presentation. References: [1] L.Y. Zhu et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 022003 (2003).[2] L.Y. Zhu et al., Phys. Rev. C 71, 044603 (2005); nucl-ex/0409018.[3] http://www.tunl.duke.edu/˜mep/clas/caapion.pdf Handle, Philip H; Loerting, Thomas 2018-03-28 Since the first report of very-high density amorphous ice (VHDA) in 2001 [T. Loerting et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 3, 5355-5357 (2001)], the status of VHDA as a distinct amorphous ice has been debated. We here study VHDA and its relation to expanded high density amorphous ice (eHDA) on the basis of isobaric heating experiments. VHDA was heated at 0.1 ≤ p ≤ 0.7 GPa, and eHDA was heated at 1.1 ≤ p ≤ 1.6 GPa to achieve interconversion. The behavior upon heating is monitored using in situ volumetry as well as ex situ X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. We do not observe a sharp transition for any of the isobaric experiments. Instead, a continuous expansion (VHDA) or densification (eHDA) marks the interconversion. This suggests that a continuum of states exists between VHDA and HDA, at least in the temperature range studied here. This further suggests that VHDA is the most relaxed amorphous ice at high pressures and eHDA is the most relaxed amorphous ice at intermediate pressures. It remains unclear whether or not HDA and VHDA experience a sharp transition upon isothermal compression/decompression at low temperature. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Handle, Philip H.; Loerting, Thomas 2018-03-01 Since the first report of very-high density amorphous ice (VHDA) in 2001 [T. Loerting et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 3, 5355-5357 (2001)], the status of VHDA as a distinct amorphous ice has been debated. We here study VHDA and its relation to expanded high density amorphous ice (eHDA) on the basis of isobaric heating experiments. VHDA was heated at 0.1 ≤ p ≤ 0.7 GPa, and eHDA was heated at 1.1 ≤ p ≤ 1.6 GPa to achieve interconversion. The behavior upon heating is monitored using in situ volumetry as well as ex situ X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. We do not observe a sharp transition for any of the isobaric experiments. Instead, a continuous expansion (VHDA) or densification (eHDA) marks the interconversion. This suggests that a continuum of states exists between VHDA and HDA, at least in the temperature range studied here. This further suggests that VHDA is the most relaxed amorphous ice at high pressures and eHDA is the most relaxed amorphous ice at intermediate pressures. It remains unclear whether or not HDA and VHDA experience a sharp transition upon isothermal compression/decompression at low temperature. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Hey, J. D. 2015-09-01 On the basis of the original definition and analysis of the vector operator by Pauli (1926 Z. Phys. 36 336-63), and further developments by Flamand (1966 J. Math. Phys. 7 1924-31), and by Becker and Bleuler (1976 Z. Naturforsch. 31a 517-23), we consider the action of the operator on both spherical polar and parabolic basis state wave functions, both with and without direct use of Pauli’s identity (Valent 2003 Am. J. Phys. 71 171-75). Comparison of the results, with the aid of two earlier papers (Hey 2006 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 39 2641-64, Hey 2007 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 40 4077-96), yields a convenient ladder technique in the form of a recurrence relation for calculating the transformation coefficients between the two sets of basis states, without explicit use of generalized hypergeometric functions. This result is therefore very useful for application to Stark effect and impact broadening calculations applied to high-n radio recombination lines from tenuous space plasmas. We also demonstrate the versatility of the Runge-Lenz-Pauli vector operator as a means of obtaining recurrence relations between expectation values of successive powers of quantum mechanical operators, by using it to provide, as an example, a derivation of the Kramers-Pasternack relation. It is suggested that this operator, whose potential use in Stark- and Zeeman-effect calculations for magnetically confined fusion edge plasmas (Rosato, Marandet and Stamm 2014 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 47 105702) and tenuous space plasmas ( H II regions) has not been fully explored and exploited, may yet be found to yield a number of valuable results for applications to plasma diagnostic techniques based upon rate calculations of atomic processes. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Zhen, Hui-Ling; Tian, Bo; Xie, Xi-Yang; Wu, Xiao-Yu; Wen, Xiao-Yong 2018-02-01 On our previous construction [H. L. Zhen et al., Phys. Plasmas 23, 052301 (2016)] of the soliton solutions of a model describing the dynamics of the dust particles in a weakly ionized, collisional dusty plasma comprised of the negatively charged cold dust particles, hot ions, hot electrons, and stationary neutrals in the presence of an external static magnetic field, Ali et al. [Phys. Plasmas 24, 094701 (2017)] have commented that there exists a different form of Eq. (4) from that shown in Zhen et al. [Phys. Plasmas 23, 052301 (2016)] and that certain interesting phenomena with the dust neutral collision frequency ν0>0 are ignored in Zhen et al. [Phys. Plasmas 23, 052301 (2016)]. In this Reply, according to the transformation given by the Ali et al. [Phys. Plasmas 24, 094701 (2017)] comment, we present some one-, two-, and N-soliton solutions which have not been obtained in the Ali et al. [Phys. Plasmas 24, 094701 (2017)] comment. We point out that our previous solutions in Zhen et al. [Phys. Plasmas 23, 052301 (2016)] are still valid because of the similarity between the two dispersion relations of previous solutions in Zhen et al. [Phys. Plasmas 23, 052301 (2016)] and the solutions presented in this Reply. Based on our soliton solutions in this Reply, it is found that the soliton amplitude is inversely related to Zd and B0, but positively related to md and α, where α refers to the coefficient of the nonlinear term, Zd and md are the charge number and mass of a dust particle, respectively, B0 represents the strength of the external static magnetic field. We also find that the two solitons are always in parallel during the propagation. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV) Tan, Michael L. P.; Arora, Vijay K., E-mail: vijay.arora@wilkes.edu; Department of Electrical Engineering and Physics, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 18766 2014-12-21 In a recent article, Serov et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 116, 034507 (2014)] claim: “This study represents the first time that the high-field behavior in graphene on a substrate was investigated taking into account intrinsic graphene properties,” ignoring the most recent anisotropic distribution function [V. K. Arora et al., J. Appl. Phys. 112, 114330 (2012)] also published in J. Appl. Phys., targeting the same experimental data [V. E. Dorgan et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 082112 (2010)]. The claim of Serov et al. of being first is refuted and many shortcomings of the hydrodynamic model for a highly quantum andmore » degenerate graphene nanolayer are pointed out.« less Complete set of essential parameters of an effective theory NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Ioffe, M. V.; Vereshagin, V. V. 2018-04-01 The present paper continues the series [V. V. Vereshagin, True self-energy function and reducibility in effective scalar theories, Phys. Rev. D 89, 125022 (2014); , 10.1103/PhysRevD.89.125022A. Vereshagin and V. Vereshagin, Resultant parameters of effective theory, Phys. Rev. D 69, 025002 (2004); , 10.1103/PhysRevD.69.025002K. Semenov-Tian-Shansky, A. Vereshagin, and V. Vereshagin, S-matrix renormalization in effective theories, Phys. Rev. D 73, 025020 (2006), 10.1103/PhysRevD.73.025020] devoted to the systematic study of effective scattering theories. We consider matrix elements of the effective Lagrangian monomials (in the interaction picture) of arbitrary high dimension D and show that the full set of corresponding coupling constants contains parameters of both kinds: essential and redundant. Since it would be pointless to formulate renormalization prescriptions for redundant parameters, it is necessary to select the full set of the essential ones. This is done in the present paper for the case of the single scalar field. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Cherry, Simon; Ruffle, Jon 2013-08-01 The publishers of Physics in Medicine and Biology (PMB), IOP Publishing, in association with the journal owners, the Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM), jointly award the Roberts prize for the best paper published in PMB during the previous year. The procedure for deciding the winner is a two-stage process. First, a shortlist of contenders is drawn up based on those papers that had the best referees' quality assessments, with a further quality check and endorsement by the Editorial Board. The papers on the shortlist are then reviewed by a specially convened IPEM committee consisting of members with fellow status. This committee reads the shortlisted papers and selects the winner. We have much pleasure in advising readers that the Roberts Prize for the best paper published in 2012 is awarded to Michel Defrise, Ahmadreza Rezaei and Johan Nuyts from the Vrije Universiteit Brussels and the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium for their breakthrough paper that describes how the information needed for attenuation correction in PET imaging can be extracted, to within a constant, from time-of-flight emission data: Time-of-flight PET data determine the attenuation sinogram up to a constant 2012 Phys. Med. Biol. 57 885 Michel Defrise1, Ahmadreza Rezaei2 and Johan Nuyts2 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium 2Department of Nuclear Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium This paper represents an important and timely contribution to the literature as time-of-flight PET scanners are now offered by several manufacturers. In hybrid PET/CT scanners, the PET attenuation correction, necessary for quantitative reconstruction of the tracer distribution, can be derived directly from the CT data. Sometimes, however, the PET and CT scans may be poorly aligned due to patient motion and other approaches are needed. In addition, hybrid PET/MRI scanners also, have been developed recently, and in these scanners attenuation correction of the PET data is a particularly difficult challenge as there is no direct relationship between MR signal intensity and tissue attenuation for 511 keV photons. This paper offers a possible path forwards for attenuation correction in these circumstances by exploiting consistency conditions in tandem with time-of-flight information and proves under these circumstances that the data for PET attenuation correction can be determined to within a constant. Our congratulations go to these authors. Of course all of the shortlisted papers were of an extremely high standard, and merit recognition by the community. They are listed below in alphabetical order. We also would like to thank the PMB Editorial Board and the IPEM Committee members for their hard work in assessing the papers. Simon R Cherry Editor-in-Chief Jon Ruffle Publisher References Buhr H, Büermann L, Gerlach M, Krumrey M and Rabus H 2012 Measurement of the mass energy-absorption coefficient of air for x-rays in the range from 3 keV to 60 keV Phys. Med. Biol. 57 8231 Chen W, Unkelbach J, Trofimov A, Madden T, Kooy H, Bortfeld T and Craft D 2012 Including robustness in multi-criteria optimization for intensity modulated proton therapy Phys. Med. Biol. 57 591 Clasie B M, Sharp G C, Seco J, Flanz J B and Kooy H M 2012 Numerical solutions of the gamma index in two and three dimensions Phys. Med. Biol. 57 6981 Connell T, Alexander A, Evans M and Seuntjens J 2012 An experimental feasibility study on the use of scattering foil free beams for modulated electron radiotherapy Phys. Med. Biol. 57 3259 Defrise M, Rezaei A and Nuyts J 2012 Time-of-flight PET data determine the attenuation sinogram up to a constant Phys. Med. Biol. 57 885 Dowdell S J, Clasie B, Depauw N, Metcalfe P, Rosenfeld A B, Kooy H M, Flanz J B and Paganetti H 2012 Monte Carlo study of the potential reduction in out-of-field dose using a patient-specific aperture in pencil beam scanning proton therapy Phys. Med. Biol. 57 2829 Scott A J D, Kumar S, Nahum A E and Fenwick J D 2012 Characterizing the influence of detector density on dosimeter response in non-equilibrium small photon fields Phys. Med. Biol. 57 4461 Stam M K, Crijns S P M, Zonnenberg B A, Barendrecht M M, van Vulpen M, Lagendijk J J W and Raaymakers B W 2012 Navigators for motion detection during real-time MRI-guided radiotherapy Phys. Med. Biol. 57 6797 Xia T, Alessio A M, De Man B, Manjeshwar R, Asma E and Kinahan P E 2012 Ultra-low dose CT attenuation correction for PET/CT Phys. Med. Biol. 57 309 Yamaguchi M et al 2012 Beam range estimation by measuring bremsstrahlung Phys. Med. Biol. 57 2843 For more information on this article, see medicalphysicsweb.org Comment on "Many-body localization in Ising models with random long-range interactions" NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Maksymov, Andrii O.; Rahman, Noah; Kapit, Eliot; Burin, Alexander L. 2017-11-01 This Comment is dedicated to the investigation of many-body localization in a quantum Ising model with long-range power-law interactions r-α, relevant for a variety of systems ranging from electrons in Anderson insulators to spin excitations in chains of cold atoms. It has earlier been argued [arXiv:cond-mat/0611387 (2005); Phys. Rev. B 91, 094202 (2015), 10.1103/PhysRevB.91.094202] that this model obeys the dimensional constraint suggesting the delocalization of all finite-temperature states in the thermodynamic limit for α ≤2 d in a d -dimensional system. This expectation conflicts with the recent numerical studies of the specific interacting spin model of Li et al. [Phys. Rev. A 94, 063625 (2016), 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.063625]. To resolve this controversy we reexamine the model of Li et al. [Phys. Rev. A 94, 063625 (2016), 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.063625] and demonstrate that the infinite-temperature states there obey the dimensional constraint. The earlier developed scaling theory for the critical system size required for delocalization is extended to small exponents 0 ≤α ≤d . The disagreements between the two works are explained by the nonstandard selection of investigated states in the ordered phase in the work of Li et al. [Phys. Rev. A 94, 063625 (2016) 2013-01-01 Background Physical activity is believed to exert a beneficial effect on functional and cognitive rehabilitation of patients with stroke. Although studies have addressed the impact of physical exercise in cerebrovascular prevention and rehabilitation, the underlying mechanisms leading to improvement are poorly understood. Training-induced increase of cerebral perfusion is a possible mediating mechanism. Our exploratory study aims to investigate training-induced changes in blood biomarker levels and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with subacute ischemic stroke. Methods/design This biomarker-driven study uses an observational design to examine a subgroup of patients in the randomized, controlled PHYS-STROKE trial. In PHYS-STROKE, 215 patients with subacute stroke (hemorrhagic and ischemic) receive either 4 weeks of physical training (aerobic training, 5 times a week, for 50 minutes) or 4 weeks of relaxation sessions (5 times a week, for 50 minutes). A convenience sample of 100 of these patients with ischemic stroke will be included in BAPTISe and will receive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans and an additional blood draw before and after the PHYS-STROKE intervention. Imaging scans will address parameters of cerebral perfusion, vessel size imaging, and microvessel density (the Q factor) to estimate the degree of neovascularization in the brain. Blood tests will determine several parameters of immunity, inflammation, endothelial function, and lipometabolism. Primary objective of this study is to evaluate differential changes in MRI and blood-derived biomarkers between groups. Other endpoints are next cerebrovascular events and functional status of the patient after the intervention and after 3 months assessed by functional scores, in particular walking speed and Barthel index (co-primary endpoints of PHYS-STROKE). Additionally, we will assess the association between functional outcomes and biomarkers including imaging results. For all endpoints we will compare changes between patients who received physical fitness training and patients who had relaxation sessions. Discussion This exploratory study will be the first to investigate the effects of physical fitness training in patients with ischemic stroke on MRI-based cerebral perfusion, pertinent blood biomarker levels, and functional outcome. The study may have an impact on current patient rehabilitation strategies and reveal important information about the roles of MRI and blood-derived biomarkers in ischemic stroke. Trial registration NCT01954797. PMID:24330706 Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Battery Replacement Program 2011-04-11 Matthey PtRu in operating direct methanol fuel cells” Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 10, 6430-6437 (2008) 2. Harry Rivera, Jamie S. Lawton , David E. Budil and...Phys. Chem. B, 112, (29) 8542-8548 (2008) 3. Jamie S. Lawton , Eugene S. Smotkin and David E. 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Phys. 3, 1464 (1965). "A. Lang and N. Hershkowitz, J. Appl Upper bound on three-tangles of reduced states of four-qubit pure states NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Sharma, S. Shelly; Sharma, N. K. 2017-06-01 Closed formulas for upper bounds on three-tangles of three-qubit reduced states in terms of three-qubit-invariant polynomials of pure four-qubit states are obtained. Our results offer tighter constraints on total three-way entanglement of a given qubit with the rest of the system than those used by Regula et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 110501 (2014), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.110501 and Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 049902(E) (2016)], 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.049902 to verify monogamy of four-qubit quantum entanglement. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Li, Fengyu; Jin, Peng; Jiang, De-en; Wang, Lu; Zhang, Shengbai B.; Zhao, Jijun; Chen, Zhongfang 2012-02-01 Prompted by the very recent claim that the volleyball-shaped B80 fullerene [X. Wang, Phys. Rev. B 82, 153409 (2010), 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.153409] is lower in energy than the B80 buckyball [N. G. Szwacki, A. Sadrzadeh, and B. I. Yakobson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 166804 (2007), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.166804] and core-shell structure [J. Zhao, L. Wang, F. Li, and Z. Chen, J. Phys. Chem. A 114, 9969 (2010), 10.1021/jp1018873], and inspired by the most recent finding of another core-shell isomer as the lowest energy B80 isomer [S. De, A. Willand, M. Amsler, P. Pochet, L. Genovese, and S. Goedecher, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 225502 (2011), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.225502], we carefully evaluated the performance of the density functional methods in the energetics of boron clusters and confirmed that the core-shell construction (stuffed fullerene) is thermodynamically the most favorable structural pattern for B80. Our global minimum search showed that both B101 and B103 also prefer a core-shell structure and that B103 can reach the complete core-shell configuration. We called for great attention to the theoretical community when using density functionals to investigate boron-related nanomaterials. Binding energy of e^+Li using the Peach model potential. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Shertzer, Janine; Ward, Sandra 2006-05-01 The l-independent, parametric model potential developed by Peach^1 for describing the electron interaction with the alkali ion core yields energy levels that are in excellent agreement with experiment. Because of its relative simplicity, this model potential is an attractive choice for studying e^+- Li collisions;^2,3 the e^+-ion core interaction is obtained by changing the sign of the static term in the interaction. In order to test the usefulness of the potential for describing the physics of an effective three-body system, we calculated the binding energy of e^+Li. This is a stringent test, because the system is very weakly bound. Our results are in excellent agreement with previous calculations,^4 including those using the exact four-body Hamiltonian.^5 This work was funded by NSF under collaborative Grant PHYS-0440714 (JS) and PHYS-0440565 (SJW). ^1G. Peach, H.E. Saraph and M.J. Seaton, J. Phys. B 21, 3669 (1988). ^2M.S.T. Watts and J.W. Humberston, J. Phys. B 25, L491 (1992). ^3S. J. Ward and J. Shertzer, Phys. Rev. A 68, 032720 (2003). ^4J. Mitroy, M.W.J. Bromley, and G.G. Ryzhikh, J. Phys. B 35, R81 (2002). ^5Massimo Mella, Gabriele Morosi, and Dario Bressanini, J. Chem. Phys. 111, 108 (1999). Adaptive clustering procedure for continuous gravitational wave searches NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Singh, Avneet; Papa, Maria Alessandra; Eggenstein, Heinz-Bernd; Walsh, Sinéad 2017-10-01 In hierarchical searches for continuous gravitational waves, clustering of candidates is an important post-processing step because it reduces the number of noise candidates that are followed up at successive stages [J. Aasi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 102002 (2013), 10.1103/PhysRevD.88.102002; B. Behnke, M. A. Papa, and R. Prix, Phys. Rev. D 91, 064007 (2015), 10.1103/PhysRevD.91.064007; M. A. Papa et al., Phys. Rev. D 94, 122006 (2016), 10.1103/PhysRevD.94.122006]. Previous clustering procedures bundled together nearby candidates ascribing them to the same root cause (be it a signal or a disturbance), based on a predefined cluster volume. In this paper, we present a procedure that adapts the cluster volume to the data itself and checks for consistency of such volume with what is expected from a signal. This significantly improves the noise rejection capabilities at fixed detection threshold, and at fixed computing resources for the follow-up stages, this results in an overall more sensitive search. This new procedure was employed in the first Einstein@Home search on data from the first science run of the advanced LIGO detectors (O1) [LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration, arXiv:1707.02669 [Phys. Rev. D (to be published) Study of Various Types of Resonances within the Phonon Damping Model NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Dang, Nguyen Dinh 2001-10-01 The main successes of the Phonon Damping Model (PDM)(N. Dinh Dang and A. Arima, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80), 4145 (1998); Nucl. Phys. A 636, 427 (1998); N. Dinh Dang, K. Tanabe, and A. Arima, Phys. Rev. C 58, 3374 (1998). are presented in the description of: 1) the giant dipole resonance (GDR) in highly excited nuclei, 2) the double giant dipole resonance (DGDR) and multiple phonon resonances, 3) the Gamow-Teller resonance (GTR), and 4) the damping of pygmy dipole resonance (PDR) in neutron-rich nuclei. The analyses of results of numerical calculations are discussed in comparison with the experimental systematics on i) the width and the shape of the GDR at finite temperature ^1,(N. Dinh Dang et al., Phys. Rev. C 61), 027302 (2000). and angular momentum(N. Dinh Dang, Nucl. Phys. A 687), 261c (2001). for tin isotopes , ii) the electromagnetic cross sections of DGDR for ^136Xe and ^208Pb on a lead target at relativistic energies(N. Dinh Dang, V. Kim Au, and A. Arima, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85), 1827 (2000)., iii) the strength function of GTR(N. Dinh Dang, T. Suzuki, and A. Arima, Preprint RIKEN-AF-NF 377 (2000), submitted.), and iv) the PDR in oxygen and calcium isotopes(N. Dinh Dang et al., Phys. Rev. C 63), 044302 (2001).. Precision measurements with atom interferometry NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Schubert, Christian; Abend, Sven; Schlippert, Dennis; Ertmer, Wolfgang; Rasel, Ernst M. 2017-04-01 Interferometry with matter waves enables precise measurements of rotations, accelerations, and differential accelerations [1-5]. This is exploited for determining fundamental constants [2], in fundamental science as e.g. testing the universality of free fall [3], and is applied for gravimetry [4], and gravity gradiometry [2,5]. At the Institut für Quantenoptik in Hannover, different approaches are pursued. A large scale device is designed and currently being set up to investigate the gain in precision for gravimetry, gradiometry, and fundamental tests on large baselines [6]. For field applications, a compact and transportable device is being developed. Its key feature is an atom chip source providing a collimated high flux of atoms which is expected to mitigate systematic uncertainties [7,8]. The atom chip technology and miniaturization benefits from microgravity experiments in the drop tower in Bremen and sounding rocket experiments [8,9] which act as pathfinders for space borne operation [10]. This contribution will report about our recent results. The presented work is supported by the CRC 1227 DQ-mat, the CRC 1128 geo-Q, the RTG 1729, the QUEST-LFS, and by the German Space Agency (DLR) with funds provided by the Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) due to an enactment of the German Bundestag under Grant No. DLR 50WM1552-1557. [1] P. Berg et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 114, 063002, 2015; I. Dutta et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 116, 183003, 2016. [2] J. B. Fixler et al., Science 315, 74 (2007); G. Rosi et al., Nature 510, 518, 2014. [3] D. Schlippert et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 112, 203002, 2014. [4] A. Peters et al., Nature 400, 849, 1999; A. Louchet-Chauvet et al., New J. Phys. 13, 065026, 2011; C. Freier et al., J. of Phys.: Conf. Series 723, 012050, 2016. [5] J. M. McGuirk et al., Phys. Rev. A 65, 033608, 2002; P. Asenbaum et al., arXiv:1610.03832. [6] J. Hartwig et al., New J. Phys. 17, 035011, 2015. [7] H. Ahlers et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 173601, 2016; S. Abend et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 203003, 2016. [8] J. Rudolph et al., New J. Phys. 17, 065001, 2015. [9] H. Müntinga et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 110, 093602, 2013. [10] O. Carraz et al., Microgravity Sci. Technol. 26, 139, 2014; D. Aguilera et al., Class. Quantum Grav. 31, 115010, 2014. Dirac Magnons in Honeycomb Ferromagnets NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Pershoguba, Sergey S.; Banerjee, Saikat; Lashley, J. C.; Park, Jihwey; Ågren, Hans; Aeppli, Gabriel; Balatsky, Alexander V. 2018-01-01 The discovery of the Dirac electron dispersion in graphene [A. H. Castro Neto, et al., The Electronic Properties of Graphene, Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 109 (2009), 10.1103/RevModPhys.81.109] led to the question of the Dirac cone stability with respect to interactions. Coulomb interactions between electrons were shown to induce a logarithmic renormalization of the Dirac dispersion. With a rapid expansion of the list of compounds and quasiparticle bands with linear band touching [T. O. Wehling, et al., Dirac Materials, Adv. Phys. 63, 1 (2014), 10.1080/00018732.2014.927109], the concept of bosonic Dirac materials has emerged. We consider a specific case of ferromagnets consisting of van der Waals-bonded stacks of honeycomb layers, e.g., chromium trihalides CrX3 (X =F , Cl, Br and I), that display two spin wave modes with energy dispersion similar to that for the electrons in graphene. At the single-particle level, these materials resemble their fermionic counterparts. However, how different particle statistics and interactions affect the stability of Dirac cones has yet to be determined. To address the role of interacting Dirac magnons, we expand the theory of ferromagnets beyond the standard Dyson theory [F. J. Dyson, General Theory of Spin-Wave Interactions, Phys. Rev. 102, 1217 (1956), 10.1103/PhysRev.102.1217, F. J. Dyson, Thermodynamic Behavior of an Ideal Ferromagnet, Phys. Rev. 102, 1230 (1956), 10.1103/PhysRev.102.1230] to the case of non-Bravais honeycomb layers. We demonstrate that magnon-magnon interactions lead to a significant momentum-dependent renormalization of the bare band structure in addition to strongly momentum-dependent magnon lifetimes. We show that our theory qualitatively accounts for hitherto unexplained anomalies in nearly half-century-old magnetic neutron-scattering data for CrBr3 [W. B. Yelon and R. Silberglitt, Renormalization of Large-Wave-Vector Magnons in Ferromagnetic CrBr3 Studied by Inelastic Neutron Scattering: Spin-Wave Correlation Effects, Phys. Rev. B 4, 2280 (1971), 10.1103/PhysRevB.4.2280, E. J. Samuelsen, et al., Spin Waves in Ferromagnetic CrBr3 Studied by Inelastic Neutron Scattering, Phys. Rev. B 3, 157 (1971), 10.1103/PhysRevB.3.157]. We also show that honeycomb ferromagnets display dispersive surface and edge states, unlike their electronic analogs. Rovibrational Quantum Dynamics of the Methane-Water Dimer NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Sarka, János; Császár, Attila; Mátyus, Edit 2017-06-01 The challenging quantum dynamical description of the CH_4.H_2O complex has been solved variationally to provide theoretical explanation and assignment to the high-resolution spectroscopic measurements of the methane-water dimer carried out some twenty years ago. The computational results are in excellent agreement with the reported experimental transitions and the experimentally observed reversed rovibrational sequences, i.e., formally negative rotational excitation energies, are also obtained in the computations. In order to better understand the origin of these peculiar features in the energy-level spectrum, we studied all four possible combinations of the light and heavy isotopologues of methane and water and analyzed their rovibrational states using two limiting model systems: the rigidly rotating (RR) molecule and the coupled rotor (CR) system corresponding to the coupling of the two rotating monomers. All rovibrational quantum dynamical computations^{a,c} were carried out with rigid monomers and J = 0,1,2 total angular momentum quantum numbers using the fourth-age quantum chemical code GENIUSH and two different methane-water potential energy surfaces (PES). The numerical and formal analysis of the wave functions give insight into a fascinating complex world worth for further theoretical and experimental inquiries. J. Sarka, A. G. Császár, S. C. Althorpe, D. J. Wales and E. Mátyus, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 18, 22816 (2016). L. Dore, R. C. Cohen, C. A. Schmuttenmaer, K. L. Busarow, M. J. Elrod, J. G. Loeser and R. J. Saykally, J. Chem. Phys. 100, 863 (1994). J. Sarka, A. G. Császár and E. Mátyus, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. accepted for publication (2017).} E. Mátyus, G. Czakó and A. G. Császár, J. Chem. Phys. 130, 134112 (2009). C. Fábri, E. Mátyus and A. G. Császár, J. Chem. Phys. 134, 074105 (2011). O. Akin-Ojo and K. Szalewicz, J. Chem. Phys. 123, 134311 (2005). C. Qu, R. Conte, P. L. Houston and J. M. Bowman, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 17, 8172 (2015). Jackson, Travis C; Kotermanski, Shawn E; Jackson, Edwin K; Kochanek, Patrick M 2018-02-01 Neurobasal®/B27 is a gold standard culture media used to study primary neurons in vitro. An alternative media (BrainPhys®/SM1) was recently developed which robustly enhances neuronal activity vs. Neurobasal® or DMEM. To the best of our knowledge BrainPhys® has not been explored in the setting of neuronal injury. Here we characterized the utility of BrainPhys® in a model of in vitro mechanical-stretch injury. Primary rat cortical neurons were maintained in classic Neurobasal®, or sequentially maintained in Neurocult® followed by BrainPhys® (hereafter simply referred to as "BrainPhys® maintained neurons"). The levels of axonal markers and proteins involved in neurotransmission were compared on day in vitro 10 (DIV10). BrainPhys® maintained neurons had higher levels of GluN2B, GluR1, Neurofilament light/heavy chain (NF-L & NF-H), and protein phosphatase 2 A (PP2A) vs. neurons in Neurobasal®. Mechanical stretch-injury (50ms/54% biaxial stretch) to BrainPhys® maintained neurons modestly (albeit significantly) increased 24h lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels but markedly decreased axonal NF-L levels post-injury vs. uninjured controls or neurons given a milder 38% stretch-injury. Furthermore, two 54% stretch-injuries (in tandem) exacerbated 24h LDH release, increased α-spectrin breakdown products (SBDPs), and decreased Tau levels. Also, BrainPhys® maintained cultures had decreased markers of cell damage 24h after a single 54% stretch-injury vs. neurons in Neurobasal®. Finally, we tested the hypothesis that lentivirus mediated overexpression of the pro-death protein RBM5 exacerbates neuronal and/or axonal injury in primary CNS cultures. RBM5 overexpression vs. empty-vector controls increased 24h LDH release, and SBDP levels, after a single 54% stretch-injury but did not affect NF-L levels or Tau. BrainPhys® is a promising new reagent which facilities the investigation of molecular targets involved in axonal and/or neuronal injury in vitro. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Oscillator-field model of moving mirrors in quantum optomechanics NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Galley, Chad R.; Behunin, Ryan O.; Hu, B. L. 2013-04-01 We present a microphysics model for the kinematics and dynamics of optomechanics describing the coupling between an optical field, modeled here by a massless scalar field, and the internal and mechanical degrees of freedom of a movable mirror. Instead of implementing boundary conditions on the field, we introduce an internal degree of freedom and its dynamics to describe the mirror's reflectivity. Depending on parameter values, the internal degrees of freedom of the mirror in this model capture a range of its optical activities, from those exhibiting broadband reflective properties to those reflecting only in a narrow band. After establishing the model we show how appropriate parameter choices lead to other well-known optomechanical models, including those of Barton and Calogeracos [Ann. Phys. (NY)0003-491610.1006/aphy.1995.1021 238, 227 (1995)], Calogeracos and Barton, Ann. Phys. (NY)10.1006/aphy.1995.1022 238, 268 (1995), Law [Phys. Rev. APLRAAN1050-294710.1103/PhysRevA.51.2537 51, 2537 (1995)], and Golestanian and Kardar [Phys. Rev. Lett.PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.78.3421 78, 3421 (1997); Phys. Rev. APLRAAN1050-294710.1103/PhysRevA.58.1713 58, 1713 (1998)]. As a simple illustrative application we derive classical radiation pressure cooling from this model. We then connect our microphysics model to the common descriptions of a moving mirror coupled to radiation pressure (e.g., with Nx coupling, where N is the photon number and x is the mirror displacement), making explicit the underlying assumptions made in these phenomenological models. Our model is also applicable to the lesser explored case of small N, which existing models based on sideband approximations [Kimble , Phys. Rev. DPRVDAQ1550-799810.1103/PhysRevD.65.022002 65, 022002 (2001)] have not addressed. Interestingly, we also find that slow-moving mirrors in our model can be described by the ubiquitous Brownian motion model of quantum open systems. The scope of applications of this model ranges from a full quantum-mechanical treatment of radiation pressure cooling and quantum entanglement between macroscopic mirrors to the back reaction of Hawking radiation on black-hole evaporation in a moving mirror analog. Unified Theory of Plasma Correlations. 1983-06-13 or more generally, the Balescu -Lenard Equation. 2 6 -3 3 An essential element of these studies is that the correlation functions are assumed to be... Balescu , Phys. Fluids 3, 52 (1960). 27. A. Lenard, Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 3, 390 (1960). 28. R. L. Liboff and A. H. Merchant, J. Math. Phys. 14, 119 (1973 Mapping Nanoscale Absorption of Femtosecond Laser Pulses Using Plasma Explosion Imaging 2014-08-06 Libby, S. B.; et al. Observation and Control of Shock Waves in Indivi- dual Nanoplasmas . Phys. Rev. Lett. 2014, 112, 115004. 17. Zhang, X.; Smith, K. a...Laser Light. Phys. Plasmas 2005, 12, 056703. 24. Lezius, M.; Dobosz, S. Hot Nanoplasmas from Intense Laser Irradiation of Argon Clusters. J. Phys. B Asymptotics of the monomer-dimer model on two-dimensional semi-infinite lattices NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Kong, Yong 2007-05-01 By using the asymptotic theory of Pemantle and Wilson [R. Pemantle and M. C. Wilson, J. Comb. Theory, Ser. AJCBTA70097-316510.1006/jcta.2001.3201 97, 129 (2002)], asymptotic expansions of the free energy of the monomer-dimer model on two-dimensional semi-infinite ∞×n lattices in terms of dimer density are obtained for small values of n , at both high- and low-dimer-density limits. In the high-dimer-density limit, the theoretical results confirm the dependence of the free energy on the parity of n , a result obtained previously by computational methods by Y. Kong [Y. Kong, Phys. Rev. EPLEEE81063-651X10.1103/PhysRevE.74.061102 74, 061102 (2006); Phys. Rev. EPLEEE81063-651X10.1103/PhysRevE.73.016106 73, 016106 (2006);Phys. Rev. EPLEEE81063-651X10.1103/PhysRevE.74.011102 74, 011102 (2006)]. In the low-dimer-density limit, the free energy on a cylinder ∞×n lattice strip has exactly the same first n terms in the series expansion as that of an infinite ∞×∞ lattice. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Merker, L.; Kirchner, S.; Muñoz, E.; Costi, T. A. 2014-08-01 The Comment of A. A. Aligia claims that the superperturbation theory (SPT) approach [E. Muñoz, C. J. Bolech, and S. Kirchner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 016601 (2013), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.016601] formulated using dual fermions [A. N. Rubtsov, M. I. Katsnelson, and A. I. Lichtenstein, Phys. Rev. B 77, 033101 (2008), 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.033101] and used by us to compare with numerical renormalization group (NRG) results for the conductance [L. Merker, S. Kirchner, E. Muñoz, and T. A. Costi, Phys. Rev. B 87, 165132 (2013), 10.1103/PhysRevB.87.165132], fails to correctly extend the results of the symmetric Anderson impurity model (SIAM) for general values of the local level Ed in the Kondo regime. We answer this criticism. We also compare new NRG results for cB, with cB calculated directly from the low-field conductance, with new higher-order SPT calculations for this quantity, finding excellent agreement for all Ed and for U /πΔ extending into the strong coupling regime. Three-Level Systems as Amplifiers and Attenuators: A Thermodynamic Analysis NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Boukobza, E.; Tannor, D. J. 2007-06-01 Thermodynamics of a three-level maser was studied in the pioneering work of Scovil Schulz-DuBois [Phys. Rev. Lett. 2, 262 (1959)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.2.262]. In this Letter we consider the same three-level model, but we give a full thermodynamic analysis based on Hamiltonian and dissipative Lindblad superoperators. The first law of thermodynamics is obtained using a recently developed alternative [Phys. Rev. A 74, 063823 (2006)PLRAAN1050-294710.1103/PhysRevA.74.063823] to Alicki’s definitions for heat flux and power [J. Phys. AJPHAC50305-4470 12, L103 (1979)10.1088/0305-4470/12/5/007]. Using a novel variation on Spohn’s entropy production function [J. Math. Phys. (N.Y.)JMAPAQ0022-2488 19, 1227 (1978)10.1063/1.523789], we obtain Carnot’s efficiency inequality and the Scovil Schulz-DuBois maser efficiency formula when the three-level system is operated as a heat engine (amplifier). Finally, we show that the three-level system has two other modes of operation—a refrigerator mode and a squanderer mode —both of which attenuate the electric field. EDITORIAL: Annual prizes for best papers NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) 2006-09-01 2005 Roberts Prize The publishers of Physics in Medicine and Biology (PMB) in association with the Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM) jointly award an annual prize for an article published in PMB during the previous year. The following 14 articles, listed below in chronological order, were rated the best of 2005 based on the (two or three) referees' assessments: P Kundrát et al 2005 Probabilistic two-stage model of cell inactivation by ionizing particles Phys. Med. Biol. 50 1433-47 D Arora et al 2005 Direct thermal dose control of constrained focused ultrasound treatments: phantom and in vivo evaluation Phys. Med. Biol. 50 1919-35 J S Dysart et al 2005 Characterization of Photofrin photobleaching for singlet oxygen dose estimation during photodynamic therapy of MLL cells in vitro Phys. Med. Biol. 50 2597-616 M Defrise et al 2005 Fourier rebinning of time-of-flight PET data Phys. Med. Biol. 50 2749-63 Z Su et al 2005 Systematic investigation of the signal properties of polycrystalline HgI2 detectors under mammographic, radiographic, fluoroscopic and radiotherapy irradiation conditions Phys. Med. Biol. 50 2907-28 E Bräuer-Krisch et al 2005 New irradiation geometry for microbeam radiation therapy Phys. Med. Biol. 50 3103-11 H C Pyo et al 2005 Identification of current density distribution in electrically conducting subject with anisotropic conductivity distribution Phys. Med. Biol. 50 3183-96 R P Findlay et al 2005 Effects of posture on FDTD calculations of specific absorption rate in a voxel model of the human body Phys. Med. Biol. 50 3825-35 G Alexandrakis et al 2005 Tomographic bioluminescence imaging by use of a combined optical-PET (OPET) system: a computer simulation feasibility study Phys. Med. Biol. 50 4225-41 J Keshvari et al 2005 Comparison of radio frequency energy absorption in ear and eye region of children and adults at 900, 1800 and 2450 MHz Phys. Med. Biol. 50 4355-69 J Laufer et al 2005 In vitro measurements of absolute blood oxygen saturation using pulsed near-infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy: accuracy and resolution Phys. Med. Biol. 50 4409-28 Z Cao et al 2005 Optimal number of pinholes in multi-pinhole SPECT for mouse brain imaging---a simulation study Phys. Med. Biol. 50 4609-24 R Dharmakumar et al 2005 A novel microbubble construct for intracardiac or intravascular MR manometry: a theoretical study Phys. Med. Biol. 50 4745-62 R Chopra et al 2005 Method for MRI-guided conformal thermal therapy of prostate with planar transurethral ultrasound heating applicators Phys. Med. Biol. 50 4957-75 The IPEM Publications Committee then assessed and rated these papers in order to choose a winner. We have much pleasure in advising readers that the 2005 Roberts Prize is awarded to: J S Dysart and M S Patterson 2005 Characterization of Photofrin photobleaching for singlet oxygen dose estimation during photodynamic therapy of MLL cells in vitro Phys. Med. Biol. 50 2597-616 2006 Prize for the Highest Cited Paper The annual prize for the most highly cited paper is awarded by the journal publishers to the article published in PMB that has received the most citations1 in the previous 5 years (in this case for the period 2001 to 2005 inclusive). We have much pleasure in advising readers that the 2006 prize is awarded to: P J Keall, V R Kini, S S Vedam and R Mohan 2001 Motion adaptive x-ray therapy: a feasibility study Phys. Med. Biol. 46 1-10 Simon Harris, Publisher Steve Webb, Editor-in-Chief 1 Figures taken from Thomson/ISI NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Ritz, Steven M. 2013-01-01 The Physics of the Cosmos (PCOS) Program Analysis Group (PhysPAG) provides an important interface between the scientific community and NASA in matters related to PCOS objectives, and also provides opportunities for community discussions. An Executive Committee facilitates the work of several subgroups, including an Inflation Probe Science Analysis Group (IPSAG), an X-ray group (XRSAG) , a gamma-ray,group (GRSAG), a gravitational wave group (GWSAG), and a cosmic-ray group (CRSAG). In addition to identifying opportunities and issues, these groups also help articulate technology needs. Membership in all the SAGs is completely open, with information and newsletter signups available on the PhysPAG pages at the PCOS program website. The PhysPAG reports to the Astrophysics Subcommittee of the NASA Advisory Council. A summary of PhysPAG activities will be given, along with time for questions and discussion. How accurate are the parametrized correlation energies of the uniform electron gas? NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Bhattarai, Puskar; Patra, Abhirup; Shahi, Chandra; Perdew, John P. 2018-05-01 Density functional approximations to the exchange-correlation energy are designed to be exact for an electron gas of uniform density parameter rs and relative spin polarization ζ , requiring a parametrization of the correlation energy per electron ɛc(rs,ζ ) . We consider three widely used parametrizations [J. P. Perdew and A. Zunger, Phys. Rev. B 23, 5048 (1981), 10.1103/PhysRevB.23.5048 or PZ81, S. H. Vosko, L. Wilk, and M. Nusair, Can. J. Phys. 58, 1200 (1980), 10.1139/p80-159 or VWN80, and J. P. Perdew and Y. Wang, Phys. Rev. B 45, 13244 (1992), 10.1103/PhysRevB.45.13244 or PW92] that interpolate the quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) correlation energies of Ceperley-Alder [Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 566 (1980), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.45.566], while extrapolating them to known high-(rs→0 ) and low- (rs→∞ ) density limits. For the physically important range 0.5 ≤rs≤20 , they agree closely with one another, with differences of 0.01 eV (0.5%) or less between the latter two. The density parameter interpolation (DPI), designed to predict these energies by interpolation between the known high- and low-density limits, with almost no other input (and none for ζ =0 ), is also reasonably close, both in its original version and with corrections for ζ ≠0 . Moreover, the DPI and PW92 at rs=0.5 are very close to the high-density expansion. The larger discrepancies with the QMC of Spink et al. [Phys. Rev. B 88, 085121 (2013), 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.085121], of order 0.1 eV (5%) at rs=0.5 , are thus surprising, suggesting that the constraint-based PW92 and VWN80 parametrizations are more accurate than the QMC for rs<2 . For rs>2 , however, the QMC of Spink et al. confirms the dependence upon relative spin polarization predicted by the parametrizations. Thermodynamics of Supercooled and Glassy Water NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Debenedetti, Pablo G. 1998-03-01 The behavior of metastable water at low temperatures is unusual. The isothermal compressibility, the isobaric heat capacity, and the magnitude of the thermal expansion coefficient increase sharply upon supercooling, and structural relaxation becomes extremely sluggish at temperatures far above the glass transition(Angell, C.A., Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem., 34, 593, 1983)(Debenedetti, P.G., Metastable Liquids. Concepts and Principles, Princeton University Press, 1996). Water has two distinct glassy phases, low- and high-density amorphous ice (LDA, HDA). The transition between LDA and HDA is accompanied by sharp volume and enthalpy changes, and appears to be first-order(Mishima, O., L.D.Calvert, and E. Whalley, Nature, 314, 76, 1985)(Mishima, O., J. Chem. Phys., 100, 5910, 1994). The understanding of these observations in terms of an underlying global phase behavior remains incomplete(Speedy, R.J., J. Phys. Chem., 86, 982, 1982)(Poole, P.H., F. Sciortino, U. Essman, and H.E. Stanley, Nature, 360, 324, 1992)(Sastry, S., P.G. Debenedetti, F. Sciortino, and H.E. Stanley, Phys. Rev. E, 53, 6144, 1996)(Tanaka, H., Nature, 380, 328, 1996)(Xie, Y., K.F. Ludwig, G. Morales, D.E. Hare, and C.M. Sorensen, Phys. Rev. Lett., 71, 2050, 1993). Microscopic theories and computer simulations suggest several scenarios that can reproduce some experimental observations. Interesting and novel ideas have resulted from this body of theoretical work, such as the possibility of liquid-liquid immiscibility in a pure substance(Poole, P.H., F.Sciortino, T.Grande, H.E. Stanley, and C.A. Angell, Phys. Rev. Lett., 73, 1632, 1994)(Roberts, C.J., and P.G. Debenedetti, J. Chem. Phys., 105, 658, 1996)(Roberts, C.J., P.G. Debenedetti, and A.Z. Panagiotopoulos, Phys. Rev. Lett., 77, 4386, 1996)(Harrington, S., R. Zhang, P.H. Poole, F. Sciortino, and H.E. Stanley, Phys. Rev. Lett., 78, 2409, 1997). In this talk I will review the experimental facts, discuss their theoretical interpretation, and identify key unanswered questions. 2013-03-12 Loss, Phys. Rev. B 62, 2581 (2000). [10] R. I. Dzhioev, K.V. Kavokin, V. L. Korenev , M.V. Lazarev, B.Y. Meltser, M.N. Stepanova, B. P. Zakharchenya... Korenev , T. L. Reinecke, and D. Gammon, Phys. Rev. B 75, 245318 (2007). [12] D. Kim, S. G. Carter, A. Greilich, A. S. Bracker, and D. Gammon, Nat. Phys. 7...I. V. Ponomarev, E. A. Stinaff, A. S. Bracker, V. L. Korenev , T. L. Reinecke, and D. Gammon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 197202 (2006). [30] W. Liu, S Universal formulation of excitonic linear absorption spectra in all semiconductor microstructures NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Lefebvre, Pierre; Christol, Philippe; Mathieu, Henry 1995-01-01 We present a generalization of the well-known exciton absorption calculations of Elliott [Phys. Rev. 108, 1384 (1957)], in the 3-dimensional case, and of Shinada and Sugano [J. Phys. Soc. Japan 21, 1936 (1966)], for 2-dimensional media: We calculate the optical absorption spectra of bound and unbound exciton states, by using a metric space with a noninteger dimension α (1 < α), obtaining almost exactly the same theoretical lineshapes as those resulting from accurate but costly numerical approaches [Chuang et al. Phys. Rev. B, 43, 1500 (1991); Benner and Haug, Phys. Rev. B 47, 15750 (1993)]. Resonance Fluorescence of a Two-Level Atom Near a Metal Surface. II. Case of a Strong Driving Field, 1984-02-01 XYH thanks Prof. M. G. Raymer for a useful discussion. REFERENCES 1. X. Y. Huang, J. Lin and T. F. George, J. Chem. Phys., 80, 893 (1984). 2. X. Y...Mollow, Phys. Rev. A, 15, 1023 (1977). 12. J. L. Carlsten, A. Sz6ke and M. G. Raymer , Phys. Rev. A, 15, 1029 (1977). 13. H. Kuhn, J. Chem. Phys. 53, 101...Evanston, Illinois 60201 Austin, Texas 78712 Dr. Robert M. Hexter Dr. R. P. Van Duyne Department of Chemistry Chemistry Department University of Minnesota DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV) Ellison, C. L.; Parker, J. B.; Raitses, Y. The oscillation behavior described by Tang et al.[Phys. Plasmas 19, 073519 (2012)] differs too greatly from previous experimental and numerical studies to claim observation of the same phenomenon. Most significantly, the rotation velocity by Tang et al.[Phys. Plasmas 19, 073519 (2012)] is three orders of magnitude larger than that of typical 'rotating spoke' phenomena. Several physical and numerical considerations are presented to more accurately understand the numerical results of Tang et al.[Phys. Plasmas 19, 073519 (2012)] in light of previous studies. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV) Habibi, M., E-mail: habibi.physics@gmail.com; Ghamari, F. 2014-06-15 Patil and Takale in their recent article [Phys. Plasmas 20, 072703 (2013)], by evaluating the quantum dielectric response in thermal quantum plasma, have modeled the relativistic self-focusing of Gaussian laser beam in a plasma. We have found that there are some important shortcomings and fundamental mistakes in Patil and Takale [Phys. Plasmas 20, 072703 (2013)] that we give a brief description about them and refer readers to important misconception about the use of the Fermi temperature in quantum plasmas, appearing in Patil and Takale [Phys. Plasmas 20, 072703 (2013)]. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Hey, J. D. 2013-09-01 Since highly excited atoms, which contribute to the radio recombination spectra from Galactic H II regions, possess large polarizabilities, their lifetimes are influenced by ion (proton)-induced dipole collisions. It is shown that, while these ion-radiator collisional processes, if acting alone, would effectively limit the upper principal quantum number attainable for given plasma parameters, their influence is small relative to that of electron impacts within the framework of line broadening theory. The present work suggests that ion-permanent dipole interactions (Hey et al 2004 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 37 2543) would also be of minor importance in limiting the occupation of highly excited states. On the other hand, the ion-induced dipole collisions are essential for ensuring equipartition of energy between atomic and electron kinetic distributions (Hey et al 1999 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 32 3555; 2005 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 38 3517), without which Voigt profile analysis to extract impact broadening widths would not be possible. Electron densities deduced from electron impact broadening of individual lines (Griem 1967 Astrophys. J. 148 547; Watson 2006 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 39 1889) may be used to check the significance of the constraints arising from the present analysis. The spectra of Bell et al (2000 Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac. 112 1236; 2011 Astrophys. Space Sci. 333 377; 2011 Astrophys. Space Sci. 335 451) for Orion A and W51 in the vicinity of 6.0 and 17.6 GHz are examined in this context, and also in terms of a possible role of the background ion microfield in reducing the near-elastic contributions to the electron impact broadening below the predictions of theory (Hey 2012 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 45 065701). These spectra are analysed, subject to the constraint that calculated relative intensities of lines, arising from upper states in collisional-radiative equilibrium, should be consistent with those obtained from Voigt profile analysis. It is shown that the experimental technique yields an excellent temperature diagnostic for the H II regions. On the other hand, strong evidence is not obtained, from those spectra which satisfy the above constraint on intensity, to indicate that the electron impact broadening theory requires substantial correction. The main grounds for attempting a revision of theory to allow for the influence of the ion microfield during the scattering processes on the upper and lower states of each line thus still appear to have a stronger theoretical (Hey 2007 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 40 4077) than experimental basis. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Bartschat, Klaus; Zatsarinny, Oleg 2009-10-01 We have applied our recently developed fully relativistic Dirac B-spline R-matrix (DBSR) code [1] to calculate the atomic structure (energy levels and oscillator strengths) as well as electron scattering from xenon atoms. Results from a 31-state close-coupling model for the excitation function of the metastable (5p^5 6s) J=0,2 states show excellent agreement with experiment [2], thereby presenting a significant improvement over the most sophisticated previous Breit-Pauli calculations [3,4]. The same model is currently being used to calculate electron-impact excitation from the metastable J=2 state. The results will be compared with recent experimental data [5] and predictions from other theoretical models [6,7]. Our dataset is an excellent basis for modeling plasma discharges containing xenon.[0pt] [1] O. Zatsarinny and K. Bartschat, Phys. Rev. A 77 (2008) 062701.[0pt] [2] S. J. Buckman et al., J. Phys. B 16 (1983) 4219.[0pt] [3] A. N. Grum-Grzhimailo and K. Bartschat, J. Phys. B 35 (2002) 3479.[0pt] [4] M. Allan et al., Phys. Rev. A 74 (2006) 030701(R).[0pt] [5] R. O. Jung et al., Phys. Rev. A 72 (2005) 022723.[0pt] [6] R. Srivastava et al., Phys. Rev. A 74 (2006) 012715.[0pt] [7] J. Jiang et al., J. Phys. B 41 (2008) 245204. Orsillo, S M; Roemer, L; Litz, B T; Ehlich, P; Friedman, M J 1998-10-01 Contemporary peacekeepers frequently confront complex stressors including the need to directly enforce peace between warring factions, to deliver humanitarian aid in the midst of political-social devastation, and to balance shifting rules of engagement. As such, it is proposed that participants may be at increased risk for the development of psychiatric distress. The present study examined the types of stressors encountered by 3,461 peacekeepers in Somalia, their current psychiatric functioning as measured by the Brief Symptom Inventory, and the relationship between exposure to various stressors and adjustment. Over one third of participants met criteria for psychiatric caseness. The most commonly reported symptoms included hostility, psychoticism, depression, and paranoid ideation. The best predictors of current functioning were found to be exposure to traditional war-zone-related stressors and general military pride and cohesion. These findings highlight the mental health consequences that service in a peacekeeping mission may have for United States solidiers. Further research is needed to investigate potential mechanisms that could serve as buffers to the stress associated with peacekeeping service. Core formation in the shergottite parent body and comparison with the earth DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV) Treiman, A.H.; Jones, J.H.; Drake, M.J. 1987-03-30 The mantle of the shergottite parent body (SPB) is depleted relative to the bulk SPB in siderophile and chalcophile elements; these elements are inferred to reside in the SPB's core. Our chemical model of these depletions rests on a physically plausible process of segregation of partially molten metal form partially molten silicates as the SPB grows and is heated above silicate and metallic solidi during accretion. Metallic and silicate phases equilibrate at low pressures as new material is accreted to the SPB surface. Later movement of the metallic phases to the planet's center is so rapid that high-pressure equilibration ismore » insignificant. Partitioning of siderophile and chalcophile elements among solid and liquid metal and silicate determines their abundances in the SPB mantle. Using partition coefficients and the SPB mantle composition determined in earlier studies, we model the abundances of Ag, Au, Co, Ga, Mo, Ni, P, Re, S, and W with free parameters being oxygen fugacity, proportion of solid metal formed, proportion of metallic liquid formed, and proportion of silicate that is molten.« less Scaling analyses of the spectral dimension in 3-dimensional causal dynamical triangulations NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Cooperman, Joshua H. 2018-05-01 The spectral dimension measures the dimensionality of a space as witnessed by a diffusing random walker. Within the causal dynamical triangulations approach to the quantization of gravity (Ambjørn et al 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 347, 2001 Nucl. Phys. B 610 347, 1998 Nucl. Phys. B 536 407), the spectral dimension exhibits novel scale-dependent dynamics: reducing towards a value near 2 on sufficiently small scales, matching closely the topological dimension on intermediate scales, and decaying in the presence of positive curvature on sufficiently large scales (Ambjørn et al 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 171301, Ambjørn et al 2005 Phys. Rev. D 72 064014, Benedetti and Henson 2009 Phys. Rev. D 80 124036, Cooperman 2014 Phys. Rev. D 90 124053, Cooperman et al 2017 Class. Quantum Grav. 34 115008, Coumbe and Jurkiewicz 2015 J. High Energy Phys. JHEP03(2015)151, Kommu 2012 Class. Quantum Grav. 29 105003). I report the first comprehensive scaling analysis of the small-to-intermediate scale spectral dimension for the test case of the causal dynamical triangulations of 3-dimensional Einstein gravity. I find that the spectral dimension scales trivially with the diffusion constant. I find that the spectral dimension is completely finite in the infinite volume limit, and I argue that its maximal value is exactly consistent with the topological dimension of 3 in this limit. I find that the spectral dimension reduces further towards a value near 2 as this case’s bare coupling approaches its phase transition, and I present evidence against the conjecture that the bare coupling simply sets the overall scale of the quantum geometry (Ambjørn et al 2001 Phys. Rev. D 64 044011). On the basis of these findings, I advance a tentative physical explanation for the dynamical reduction of the spectral dimension observed within causal dynamical triangulations: branched polymeric quantum geometry on sufficiently small scales. My analyses should facilitate attempts to employ the spectral dimension as a physical observable with which to delineate renormalization group trajectories in the hope of taking a continuum limit of causal dynamical triangulations at a nontrivial ultraviolet fixed point (Ambjørn et al 2016 Phys. Rev. D 93 104032, 2014 Class. Quantum Grav. 31 165003, Cooperman 2016 Gen. Relativ. Gravit. 48 1, Cooperman 2016 arXiv:1604.01798, Coumbe and Jurkiewicz 2015 J. High Energy Phys. JHEP03(2015)151). Travelling-wave amplitudes as solutions of the phase-field crystal equation NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Nizovtseva, I. G.; Galenko, P. K. 2018-01-01 The dynamics of the diffuse interface between liquid and solid states is analysed. The diffuse interface is considered as an envelope of atomic density amplitudes as predicted by the phase-field crystal model (Elder et al. 2004 Phys. Rev. E 70, 051605 (doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.70.051605); Elder et al. 2007 Phys. Rev. B 75, 064107 (doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.75.064107)). The propagation of crystalline amplitudes into metastable liquid is described by the hyperbolic equation of an extended Allen-Cahn type (Galenko & Jou 2005 Phys. Rev. E 71, 046125 (doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.71.046125)) for which the complete set of analytical travelling-wave solutions is obtained by the Comment on ``Dynamic Peierls-Nabarro equations for elastically isotropic crystals'' NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Markenscoff, Xanthippi 2011-02-01 The paper by Pellegrini [Phys. Rev. BPRBMDO0031-899X10.1103/PhysRevB.81.024101 81, 024101 (2010)] introduces additional “distributional terms” to the displacement of the static field of a dislocation and claims that they are needed so that Weertman's equation for the steady-state motion of the Peierls-Nabarro dislocation be recovered. He also claims that the [Eshelby, Phys. Rev.PHRVAO0031-899X10.1103/PhysRev.90.248 90, 248 (1953)] solution for a moving screw is wrong, a statement with which I disagree. The same [Eshelby, Phys. Rev.PHRVAO0031-899X10.1103/PhysRev.90.248 90, 248 (1953)] solution is also obtained and used by the eminent dislocation scientists Al’shitz and Indenbom in Al’shitz [Sov. Phys. JETP 33, 1240 (1971)] that the author ignores. A key reference in the formulation of the problem as a 3D inclusion with eigenstrain is Willis [J. Mech. Phys. SolidsJMPSA80022-509610.1016/0022-5096(65)90038-4 13, 377 (1965)] who showed that, in the transient fields, the static Eshelby equivalence of dislocations to inclusions (with eigenstrain) does not hold, but only at long times when they tend to the static ones. In this Comment the author provides the fundamental physics of the behavior of a moving Volterra dislocation in nonuniform motion by showing how the singular fields near the moving core are obtained from “first principles” (without solving for the full fields). The limit to the steady-state motion of a Peierls-Nabarro dislocation is also shown how to be obtained from first principles from the Volterra one by taking the appropriate limit, without the need of the additional distributional terms that Pellegrini introduces. Fit Point-Wise AB Initio Calculation Potential Energies to a Multi-Dimension Long-Range Model NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Zhai, Yu; Li, Hui; Le Roy, Robert J. 2016-06-01 A potential energy surface (PES) is a fundamental tool and source of understanding for theoretical spectroscopy and for dynamical simulations. Making correct assignments for high-resolution rovibrational spectra of floppy polyatomic and van der Waals molecules often relies heavily on predictions generated from a high quality ab initio potential energy surface. Moreover, having an effective analytic model to represent such surfaces can be as important as the ab initio results themselves. For the one-dimensional potentials of diatomic molecules, the most successful such model to date is arguably the ``Morse/Long-Range'' (MLR) function developed by R. J. Le Roy and coworkers. It is very flexible, is everywhere differentiable to all orders. It incorporates correct predicted long-range behaviour, extrapolates sensibly at both large and small distances, and two of its defining parameters are always the physically meaningful well depth {D}_e and equilibrium distance r_e. Extensions of this model, called the Multi-Dimension Morse/Long-Range (MD-MLR) function, linear molecule-linear molecule systems and atom-non-linear molecule system. have been applied successfully to atom-plus-linear molecule, linear molecule-linear molecule and atom-non-linear molecule systems. However, there are several technical challenges faced in modelling the interactions of general molecule-molecule systems, such as the absence of radial minima for some relative alignments, difficulties in fitting short-range potential energies, and challenges in determining relative-orientation dependent long-range coefficients. This talk will illustrate some of these challenges and describe our ongoing work in addressing them. Mol. Phys. 105, 663 (2007); J. Chem. Phys. 131, 204309 (2009); Mol. Phys. 109, 435 (2011). Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 10, 4128 (2008); J. Chem. Phys. 130, 144305 (2009) J. Chem. Phys. 132, 214309 (2010) J. Chem. Phys. 140, 214309 (2010) Statistical mechanical theory for steady state systems. VI. Variational principles NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Attard, Phil 2006-12-01 Several variational principles that have been proposed for nonequilibrium systems are analyzed. These include the principle of minimum rate of entropy production due to Prigogine [Introduction to Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes (Interscience, New York, 1967)], the principle of maximum rate of entropy production, which is common on the internet and in the natural sciences, two principles of minimum dissipation due to Onsager [Phys. Rev. 37, 405 (1931)] and to Onsager and Machlup [Phys. Rev. 91, 1505 (1953)], and the principle of maximum second entropy due to Attard [J. Chem.. Phys. 122, 154101 (2005); Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 8, 3585 (2006)]. The approaches of Onsager and Attard are argued to be the only viable theories. These two are related, although their physical interpretation and mathematical approximations differ. A numerical comparison with computer simulation results indicates that Attard's expression is the only accurate theory. The implications for the Langevin and other stochastic differential equations are discussed. Research-based resources on PhysPort NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Sayre, Eleanor 2017-01-01 PhysPort (http://physport.org) is a website that supports physics faculty in implementing research-based teaching practices in their classrooms. We provide expert recommendations and practical information about teaching methods and assessment. The PhysPort Data Explorer is an intuitive online tool for physics faculty to analyze their assessment data. Faculty upload their students' responses using our secure interface. The Data Explorer matches their pre/post data, scores it, compares it to national data, and graphs it in an interactive and intuitive manner. The Periscope collection on Physport brings together classroom video of students working groups with professional development materials for faculty, pre-service teachers, and learning assistants. To support PhysPort's development efforts, we conduct research on faculty needs around teaching and assessment, secondary analysis of published PER studies, and primary analysis of assessment data. In this talk, I'll introduce some of PhysPort's research-based resources and the research results which support them. A Physics-Based Vibrotactile Feedback Library for Collision Events. Park, Gunhyuk; Choi, Seungmoon 2017-01-01 We present PhysVib: a software solution on the mobile platform extending an open-source physics engine in a multi-rate rendering architecture for automatic vibrotactile feedback upon collision events. PhysVib runs concurrently with a physics engine at a low update rate and generates vibrotactile feedback commands at a high update rate based on the simulation results of the physics engine using an exponentially-decaying sinusoidal model. We demonstrate through a user study that this vibration model is more appropriate to our purpose in terms of perceptual quality than more complex models based on sound synthesis. We also evaluated the perceptual performance of PhysVib by comparing eight vibrotactile rendering methods. Experimental results suggested that PhysVib enables more realistic vibrotactile feedback than the other methods as to perceived similarity to the visual events. PhysVib is an effective solution for providing physically plausible vibrotactile responses while reducing application development time to great extent. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Cherry, Simon; Ruffle, Jon 2012-08-01 The publishers of Physics in Medicine and Biology (PMB), IOP Publishing, in association with the journal owners, the Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM), jointly award an annual prize for the best paper published in PMB during the previous year. The procedure for deciding the winner is a two-stage process. First, a shortlist of contenders is drawn up based on those papers that had the best referees' quality assessments, with a further quality check and endorsement by the Editorial Board. The papers on the shortlist are then reviewed by a specially convened IPEM committee consisting of members with fellow status. This committee reads the shortlisted papers and selects the winner. We have much pleasure in advising readers that the Roberts Prize for the best paper published in 2011 is awarded to Matthew Hough et al from the University of Florida, the Francis Marion University and the National Cancer Institute, USA for their paper on a comprehensive electron dosimetry model of skeletal tissues in the adult male: An image-based skeletal dosimetry model for the ICRP reference adult male—internal electron sources 2011 Phys. Med. Biol. 56 2309 Matthew Hough1, Perry Johnson1, Didier Rajon2, Derek Jokisch3, Choonsik Lee4 and Wesley Bolch1,5 1Department of Nuclear and Radiological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA 2Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA 3Department of Physics and Astronomy, Francis Marion University, Florence, SC, USA 4Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA 5Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA Bone marrow is one of the more radiosensitive tissues in the human body and is housed within a complex structure of bone. This paper describes a comprehensive model of energy deposition by internal electron or beta particle emitters for the ICRP reference adult male based upon ex vivo CT and microCT images of bone from a male cadaver. This work will be important for both the assessment of skeletal doses in radiation protection and nuclear medicine, and also for following external photon irradiation in medical imaging and radiotherapy. Our congratulations go to these authors. Of course all of the shortlisted papers were of an extremely high standard, and they are listed below in alphabetical order. We also would like to thank the IPEM Committee members for their hard work in reading the papers and making what must have been a difficult decision. Simon R Cherry Editor-in-Chief Jon Ruffle Publisher References Hough M, Johnson P, Rajon D, Jokisch D, Lee C and Bolch W 2011 An image-based skeletal dosimetry model for the ICRP reference adult male—internal electron sources Phys. Med. Biol. 56 2309 Jan S 2011 GATE V6: a major enhancement of the GATE simulation platform enabling modelling of CT and radiotherapy Phys. Med. Biol. 56 881 Jing H, Yang Y, and Nishikawa R M 2011 Detection of clustered microcalcifications using spatial point process modeling Phys. Med. Biol. 56 1 Li T, Thongphiew D, Zhu X, Lee W R, Vujaskovic Z, Yin F-F, Wu Q J A 2011 Adaptive prostate IGRT combining online re-optimization and re-positioning: a feasibility study Phys. Med. Biol. 56 1243 Kitchen M J, Paganin D M, Uesugi K, Allison B J, Lewis R A, Hooper S B, Pavlov K M 2011 Phase contrast image segmentation using a Laue analyser crystal Phys. Med. Biol. 56 515 Yamaya T, Mitsuhashi T, Matsumoto T, Inadama N, Nishikido F, Yoshida E, Murayama H, Kawai H, Suga M and Watanabe M 2011 A SiPM-based isotropic-3D PET detector X'tal cube with a three-dimensional array of 1 mm3 crystals Phys. Med. Biol. 56 6793 Yu Z, Wunderlich A, Dennerlein F, Lauritsch G and Noo F 2011 Line plus arc source trajectories and their R-line coverage for long-object cone-beam imaging with a C-arm system Phys. Med. Biol. 56 3447 Application of Four-Wave Mixing Spectroscopy in the Excitonic Region of Semiconductors. 1984-03-01 dence. our data imply that the linear absorption as well as "E. Panizza , Appl. Phys. Lett. 10. 265 119671. 618 J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 53, No. 1...20, 413 (1969). 6. E. W. Van Stryland and M. A. Woodall, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 70,1612 22. E. Panizza , Appl. Phys. Left. 10, 265 (1967). (1980). 23. J. H 2008-03-25 J. F. Clauser and M. A. Horne, Phys. Rev. D 10, 526 1974. 6 A. Zeilinger , Rev. Mod. Phys. 71, S288 1999; A. Aspect, Nature London 398, 189...Jennewein, M. Zukowski, M. Aspelmeyer, and A. Zeilinger , Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 210406 2007; C. Branciard, A. Ling, N. Gisin, C. Kurt- siefer, A. Lamas Resolved Sideband Spectroscopy for the Detection of Weak Optical Transitions 2013-08-01 Lett. 81, 317 (1998). [12] T. Baba and I. Waki , “Cooling and Mass-Analysis of Molecules Using Laser-Cooled Atoms,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys 35, L1134 (1996...fermions,” Phys. Rev. A: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 65, 043601 (2002). [26] T. Baba and I. Waki , “Spectral shape of in situ mass spectra of sympathetically cooled 1991-04-24 Knight, J. Appl. Phys. 67, 7019 (1990) 12. H. Kawarada, K. Nishimura, T. Ito, J. Suzuki, K. Mar, Y. Yokota and A. Hiraki , Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 27...L683 (1988) 21 13. H. Kawarada, Y. Yokota, Y. Mori, K. Nishimura and A. Hiraki . J. Appi. Phys. 67, 983 (1990) 14. E. N. Farabaugh, A. Feldman, L. H NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Li, Gang; Wang, Tao; Ye, Ming-Yong; Song, He-Shan 2015-12-01 Weak measurement [Y. Aharonov, D.Z. Albert, L. Vaidman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 1351 (1988); C. Simon, E.S. Polzik, Phys. Rev. A 83, 040101(R) (2011)] combined with quantum delayed-choice experiment that use Controlled Hadamard gate instead of Hadamard gate in quantum networks give rise to a surprising amplification effect, i.e., counterintuitive negative amplification effect. We show that this effect is caused by the wave and particle behaviours of the system, and it can't be explained by a semiclassical wave theory [D. Suter, Phys. Rev. A 51, 45 (1995); J.C. Howell, D.J. Starling, P.B. Dixon, P.K. Vudyasetu, A.N. Jordan, Phys. Rev. A 81, 033813 (2010); N. Brunner, A. Acín, D. Collins, N. Gisin, V. Scarani, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 180402 (2003)] and by the statistical feature of preselection and postselection with disturbance [C. Ferrie, J. Combes, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 120404 (2014)], due to the entanglement of the system and the ancilla in Controlled Hadamard gate. The generation mechanism with wave-particle duality in quantum mechanics lead us to a scheme for implementation of weak measurement in optomechanical system. Nguyen, Quoc-Thang; Miledi, Ricardo 2003-09-30 Current computer programs for intracellular recordings often lack advanced data management, are usually incompatible with other applications and are also difficult to adapt to new experiments. We have addressed these shortcomings in e-Phys, a suite of electrophysiology applications for intracellular recordings. The programs in e-Phys use Component Object Model (COM) technologies available in the Microsoft Windows operating system to provide enhanced data storage, increased interoperability between e-Phys and other COM-aware applications, and easy customization of data acquisition and analysis thanks to a script-based integrated programming environment. Data files are extensible, hierarchically organized and integrated in the Windows shell by using the Structured Storage technology. Data transfers to and from other programs are facilitated by implementing the ActiveX Automation standard and distributed COM (DCOM). ActiveX Scripting allows experimenters to write their own event-driven acquisition and analysis programs in the VBScript language from within e-Phys. Scripts can reuse components available from other programs on other machines to create distributed meta-applications. This paper describes the main features of e-Phys and how this package was used to determine the effect of the atypical antipsychotic drug clozapine on synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Felser, Claudia; Hillebrands, Burkard 2009-04-01 This is the third cluster issue of Journal Physics D: Applied Physics devoted to half-metallic Heusler compounds and devices utilizing this class of materials. Heusler compounds are named after Fritz Heusler, the owner of a German copper mine, the Isabellenhütte, who discovered this class of materials in 1903 [1]. He synthesized mixtures of Cu2Mn alloys with various main group metals Z = Al, Si, Sn, Sb, which became ferromagnetic despite all constituents being non-magnetic. The recent success story of Heusler compounds began in 1983 with the discovery of the half-metallic electronic structure in NiMnSb [2] and Co2MnZ [3], making these and similar materials, in particular PtMnSb, also useful for magneto-optical data storage media applications due to their high Kerr rotation. The real breakthrough, however, came in 2000 with the observation of a large magnetoresistance effect in Co2Cr0.6Fe0.4Al [4]. The Co2YZ (Y = Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe) compounds are a special class of materials, which follow the Slater-Pauling rule [5], and most of them are half-metallic bulk materials. The electronic structure of Heusler compounds is well understood [6] and Curie temperatures up to 1100 K have been observed [7]. In their contribution to this cluster issue, Thoene et al predict that still higher Curie temperatures can be achieved. A breakthrough from the viewpoint of materials design is the synthesis of nanoparticles of Heusler compounds as reported in the contribution by Basit et al. Nano-sized half- metallic ferromagnets will open new directions for spintronic applications. The challenge, however, is still to produce spintronic devices with well defined interfaces to take advantage of the half-metallicity of the electrodes. Several groups have succeeded in producing excellent tunnel junctions with high magnetoresistance effects at low temperatures and decent values at room temperature [8-11]. Spin-dependent tunnelling characteristics of fully epitaxial magnetic tunnel junctions with a Heusler alloy can be used to obtain information about the half-metallicity and the magnons as reported by Taira et al in this issue. An improvement of the tunnel magnetoresistance effect (TMR) at room temperature could be achieved by shifting the Fermi energy from the edges of the valence or the conduction band into the middle of the gap [12]. In the case of Co2FeSi0.5Al0.5 (CFAS), TMR values higher than 200% can be achieved [13]. The improvement of the interface seems to be important as has been shown by XMCD (x-ray magnetic circular dichroism) [14] and photoemission spectroscopy [15]. The interface magnetization is very often reduced [14]; however, the interface and the surface electron spin polarization can be improved by post annealing as reported by Wüstenberg et al in this issue. High energy photoemission spectroscopy is a new tool for investigating bulk properties of Heusler compounds [16]. In this issue we report on the investigation of a whole device structure by this technique due to the high escape depth inherent to this method in the contribution of Herbort et al. Dynamic correlations might be a reason for the formation of non-quasi-particles such as magnons in the gap [17], which destroy the half-metallicity and thus can be considered as another cause for the reduced TMR at room temperature. Thus correlations have to be taken into account. This is demonstrated for the Heusler compound Co2Mn1 - xFexSi as reported by Chadov et al in this issue. Magneto-optic methods are powerful instruments for investigating magnetic properties of Heusler compounds. The determination of the huge quadratic Kerr effect in the Co2FeSi Heusler compound is a good example [18]. In this issue Hamrle et al and Gaier et al report on the determination of the exchange constant by measuring the magnon dispersion properties using Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy. The magnon dispersion was calculated by Thoene et al. New developments in the field of spintronics go into the direction of the spin-Hall effect, spin-torque investigations and CPP GMR (current perpendicular plane giant magnetoresistance). Schneider et al have studied the Hall effect of laser ablated Co2(MnFe)Si thin films. Recently Inomata's group has reported on a high CPP GMR effect based on CFSA [19]. In this issue a theoretical study by Dai et al reports on the interfaces between CCFA and very thin chromium layers. Here the interface stays half-metallic which is a promising result regarding the realization of potential GMR devices. For spin-torque applications special requirements concerning the materials are necessary. Low damping constants, low magnetic moments and a perpendicular anisotropy are favourable properties. Ferrimagnetic Heusler compounds are candidates for low magnetic moments despite a high spin polarization and a high Curie temperature [20, 21]. Mn3Ga shows additionally a tetragonal distortion, which is favourable for perpendicular anisotropy [21]. The stability of Heusler compounds versus structural distortion is a well known phenomenon in shape memory alloys [22]. We hope this cluster of papers will inspire many researchers in the field of spintronics and motivate some of them to use these advanced materials for new devices. References [1] Heusler F 1903 Verh. Dtsch. Phys. Ges. 12 219 [2] de Groot R A, Müller F M, van Engen P G and Buschow K H J 1983 Phys. Rev. Lett. 50 2024 [3] Kübler J, Williams A R, Sommers C B 1983 Phys. Rev. B 28 1745 [4] Block T, Felser C and Jakob G 2003 J. Solid State Chem. 176 646 [5] Galanakis I, Mavropoulos Ph and Dederichs P H 2006 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 39 765 [6] Kandpal H C, Fecher G H and Felser C 2007 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 40 1507 [7] Wurmehl S, Fecher G H, Kandpal H C, Ksenofontov V, Felser C and Lin H J 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 032503 [8] Kämmerer S, Thomas A, Hütten A and Reiss G 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 85 79 [9] Yamato M, Marukame T, Ishikawa T, Matsuda K, Uemura T and Arita M 2006 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 39 824 [10] Sakuraba Y, Hattori M, Oogane M, Ando Y, Kato H, Sakuma A, Miyazaki T and Kubota H 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 192508 [11] Inomata K, Okamura S, Miyazaki A, Kikuchi M, Tezuka N, Wojcik M and Jedryka E 2006 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 39 816 [12] Fecher G H and Felser C 2007 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 40 1582 [13] Tezuka N, Ikeda N, Miyazaki A, Sugimoto S, Kikuchi M and Inomata K 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 112514 [14] Kallmayer M, Schneider H, Jakob G, Elmers H J, Balke B and Cramm S 2007 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 40 1552 [15] Cinchetti M, Wüstenberg J P, Sánchez Albaneda M, Steeb F, Conca A, Jourdan M and Aeschlimann M 2007 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 40 1544 [16] Fecher G H, Balke B, Ouardi S, Felser C, Schonhense G, Ikenaga E, Kim J J, Ueda S and Kobayashi K 2007 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 40 1576 [17] Chioncel L, Sakuraba Y, Arrigoni E, Katsnelson M I, Oogane M, Ando Y, Miyazaki T, Burzo E and Lichtenstein A I 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 086402 [18] Hamrle J, Blomeier S, Gaier O, Hillebrands B, Schneider H, Jakob G, Postava K and Felser C 2007 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 40 1563 [19] Furubayashi T, Kodama K, Sukegawa H, Takahashi Y K, Inomata K and Hono K 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 122507 [20] Balke B, Fecher G H, Winterlik J and Felser C 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 152504 [21] Wurmehl S, Kandpal H C, Fecher G H and Felser C 2006 J. Phys.: Cond. Mat. 18 6171 [22] Entel P, Bucheinikov V D, Khovailo V V, Zayak A T, Adeagbo W A, Gruner M E, Herper H C and Wassermann E F 2006 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 39 865 PREFACE: Prospects in Neutrino Physics 2013 - NuPhys2013 NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) 2015-04-01 The first "Prospects in Neutrino Physics 2013 - NuPhys2013" conference was held at the Institute of Physics, IoP, London, 19-20 December 2013 and was attended by about 130 delegates from institutions worldwide. Lunch and coffee breaks allowed discussions among delegates and speakers to take place in an informal setting. This conference is unique in discussing the worldwide strategy to address unresolved issues in neutrino physics, and shape the future directions of particle physics. We discussed the current status and focussed especially on the prospects of future experiments, their performance and physics reach. It is particularly timely due to the recent measurements in neutrino physics and planned worldwide experiments. The following topics were addressed: • Theory and Phenomenology Perspectives • Future Long and Short Baseline Neutrino Oscillation Experiments • Reactor neutrino and flux • Neutrinoless double beta decays • Solar, atmospheric, supernova neutrinos • Neutrino cosmology in which both the phenomenological and experimental aspects were equally addressed. World-leading experts in the different neutrino areas were invited to give review talks. To encourage and facilitate the participation of early-career researchers and PhD students, a poster session formed a key aspect of this meeting. The conference was organized by Francesca Di Lodovico and Silvia Pascoli. It was sponsored by the IoP through their Topic Research Meeting Grant, and also supported by Durham IPPP, ERC-207282, FP7 invisibles project, Queen Mary University of London. Effects of polarization direction on laser-assisted free-free scattering NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) deHarak, B. A.; Kim, B. N.; Weaver, C. M.; Martin, N. L. S.; Siavashpouri, Mahsa; Nosarzewski, Benjamin 2016-06-01 This work will detail the effects of laser polarization direction (relative to the momentum transfer direction) on laser-assisted free-free scattering. Such processes play a role in the gas breakdown that occurs in electric discharges as well as providing a method for the laser heating of a plasma (Musa et al 2010 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 43 175201, Mason 1993 Rep. Prog. Phys. 56 1275). Experimental results will be presented for electron-helium scattering in the presence of an Nd:YAG laser field (hν =1.17 eV) where the polarization direction was varied in a plane that is perpendicular to the scattering plane. To date, all of our experimental results are well described by the Kroll-Watson approximation (KWA) (Kroll and Watson 1973 Phys. Rev. A 8 804). The good agreement between our experiments and calculations using the KWA includes the case where the polarization is perpendicular to the momentum transfer direction, for which the KWA predicts vanishing cross section; other workers have found that the KWA tends to be inaccurate for cases where it predicts small cross sections (e.g. Musa et al 2010 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 43 175201). We also present simulations of the effects that multiple scattering might have on experimental measurements. In particular, we examine conditions that are expected to be similar to those of the experiments reported by Wallbank and Holmes (Wallbank and Holmes 1993 Phys. Rev. A 48 R2515). Orbital nodal surfaces: Topological challenges for density functionals NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Aschebrock, Thilo; Armiento, Rickard; Kümmel, Stephan 2017-06-01 Nodal surfaces of orbitals, in particular of the highest occupied one, play a special role in Kohn-Sham density-functional theory. The exact Kohn-Sham exchange potential, for example, shows a protruding ridge along such nodal surfaces, leading to the counterintuitive feature of a potential that goes to different asymptotic limits in different directions. We show here that nodal surfaces can heavily affect the potential of semilocal density-functional approximations. For the functional derivatives of the Armiento-Kümmel (AK13) [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 036402 (2013), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.036402] and Becke88 [Phys. Rev. A 38, 3098 (1988), 10.1103/PhysRevA.38.3098] energy functionals, i.e., the corresponding semilocal exchange potentials, as well as the Becke-Johnson [J. Chem. Phys. 124, 221101 (2006), 10.1063/1.2213970] and van Leeuwen-Baerends (LB94) [Phys. Rev. A 49, 2421 (1994), 10.1103/PhysRevA.49.2421] model potentials, we explicitly demonstrate exponential divergences in the vicinity of nodal surfaces. We further point out that many other semilocal potentials have similar features. Such divergences pose a challenge for the convergence of numerical solutions of the Kohn-Sham equations. We prove that for exchange functionals of the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) form, enforcing correct asymptotic behavior of the potential or energy density necessarily leads to irregular behavior on or near orbital nodal surfaces. We formulate constraints on the GGA exchange enhancement factor for avoiding such divergences. Direct Observation of Zitterbewegung in a Bose Einstein Condensate 2013-07-03 Cremer S 1970 Physica 50 224–40 [3] Schliemann J, Loss D and Westervelt R M 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 206801 [4] Zawadzki W and Rusin T M 2011 J. Phys...Condens. Matter 23 143201 [5] Katsnelson M I, Novoselov K S and Geim A K 2006 Nature Phys. 2 620–5 [6] Ruostekoski J, Dunne G V and Javanainen J 2002 2008-03-18 Dawson,2 Sanjay Krishna ,2 and L. A. 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Heaven, AFOSR Report Open problems in mathematical physics NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Coley, Alan A. 2017-09-01 We present a list of open questions in mathematical physics. After a historical introduction, a number of problems in a variety of different fields are discussed, with the intention of giving an overall impression of the current status of mathematical physics, particularly in the topical fields of classical general relativity, cosmology and the quantum realm. This list is motivated by the recent article proposing 42 fundamental questions (in physics) which must be answered on the road to full enlightenment (Allen and Lidstrom 2017 Phys. Scr. 92 012501). But paraphrasing a famous quote by the British football manager Bill Shankly, in response to the question of whether mathematics can answer the Ultimate Question of Life, the Universe, and Everything, mathematics is, of course, much more important than that. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Piris, Mario; Pernal, Katarzyna 2017-10-01 van Dam [Phys. Rev. A 93, 052512 (2016), 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.052512] claims that the one-particle reduced density matrix (1RDM) of an interacting system can be represented by means of a single-determinant wave function of fictitious noninteracting particles. van Dam [Phys. Rev. A 93, 052512 (2016), 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.052512] introduced orbitals within a mean-field framework that produce energy levels similar to Hartree-Fock orbital energies, therefore he also claims that conventional analyses based on Koopmans' theorem are possible in 1RDM functional theory. In this Comment, we demonstrate that both claims are unfounded. Devil's staircases and continued fractions in Josephson junctions NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Shukrinov, Yu. M.; Medvedeva, S. Yu.; Botha, A. E.; Kolahchi, M. R.; Irie, A. 2013-12-01 Detailed numerical simulations of the IV characteristics of a Josephson junction under external electromagnetic radiation show the devil's staircase within different bias current intervals. We have found that the observed steps form very precisely continued fractions. Increase of the amplitude of the radiation shifts the devil's staircase to higher Shapiro steps. An algorithm for the appearance and detection of subharmonics with increasing radiation amplitude is proposed. We demonstrate that the subharmonic steps registered in the well-known experiments by Dayem and Wiegand [Phys. Rev. 155, 419 (1967), 10.1103/PhysRev.155.419] and Clarke [Phys. Rev. B 4, 2963 (1971), 10.1103/PhysRevB.4.2963] also form continued fractions. Classical capacity of Gaussian thermal memory channels NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) De Palma, G.; Mari, A.; Giovannetti, V. 2014-10-01 The classical capacity of phase-invariant Gaussian channels has been recently determined under the assumption that such channels are memoryless. In this work we generalize this result by deriving the classical capacity of a model of quantum memory channel, in which the output states depend on the previous input states. In particular we extend the analysis of Lupo et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 030501 (2010), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.030501 and Phys. Rev. A 82, 032312 (2010), 10.1103/PhysRevA.82.032312] from quantum limited channels to thermal attenuators and thermal amplifiers. Our result applies in many situations in which the physical communication channel is affected by nonzero memory and by thermal noise. Comment on "Modified quantum-speed-limit bounds for open quantum dynamics in quantum channels" NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Mirkin, Nicolás; Toscano, Fabricio; Wisniacki, Diego A. 2018-04-01 In a recent paper [Phys. Rev. A 95, 052118 (2017), 10.1103/PhysRevA.95.052118], the authors claim that our criticism, in Phys. Rev. A 94, 052125 (2016), 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.052125, to some quantum speed limit bounds for open quantum dynamics that appeared recently in literature are invalid. According to the authors, the problem with our analysis would be generated by an artifact of the finite-precision numerical calculations. We analytically show here that it is not possible to have any inconsistency associated with the numerical precision of calculations. Therefore, our criticism of the quantum speed limit bounds continues to be valid. Electron transport parameters in NF3 NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Lisovskiy, V.; Yegorenkov, V.; Ogloblina, P.; Booth, J.-P.; Martins, S.; Landry, K.; Douai, D.; Cassagne, V. 2014-03-01 We present electron transport parameters (the first Townsend coefficient, the dissociative attachment coefficient, the fraction of electron energy lost by collisions with NF3 molecules, the average and characteristic electron energy, the electron mobility and the drift velocity) in NF3 gas calculated from published elastic and inelastic electron-NF3 collision cross-sections using the BOLSIG+ code. Calculations were performed for the combined RB (Rescigno 1995 Phys. Rev. E 52 329, Boesten et al 1996 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 29 5475) momentum-transfer cross-section, as well as for the JB (Joucoski and Bettega 2002 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 35 783) momentum-transfer cross-section. In addition, we have measured the radio frequency (rf) breakdown curves for various inter-electrode gaps and rfs, and from these we have determined the electron drift velocity in NF3 from the location of the turning point in these curves. These drift velocity values are in satisfactory agreement with those calculated by the BOLSIG+ code employing the JB momentum-transfer cross-section. Density profile and breathing mode of strongly correlated spherical Yukawa plasmas NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Henning, Christian; Fujioka, Kenji; Ludwig, Patrick; Bonitz, Michael 2007-11-01 The structure of ``Yukawa balls,'' i.e. spherical 3D dust crystals, which recently have been produced [1], is well explained by computer simulations of charged Yukawa interacting particles within an external parabolic confinement [2]. Dynamical properties (e.g. breathing mode) of these systems were investigated by experiment, simulations as well as theoretically by using the ansatz of a uniform ground state density [3]. Here we show analytically that screening has a dramatic effect on the density profile which decreases away from the center [4,5] and which is in excellent agreement with MD simulations of Yukawa balls. This result is used to improve former calculations of the breathing mode [6].References[1] O. Arp et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 165004 (2004)[2] M. Bonitz et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 075001 (2006)[3] T. E. Sheridan, Phys. Plasmas 13, 022106 (2006)[4] C. Henning et al., Phys. Rev. E 74, 056403 (2006)[5] C. Henning at al., Phys. Rev. E (2007)[6] C. Henning at al., submitted for publication Improved Shell models for screened Coulomb balls NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Bonitz, M.; Kaehlert, H.; Henning, C.; Baumgartner, H.; Filinov, A. 2006-10-01 Spherical Coulomb crystals in dusty plasmas [1] are well described by an isotropic Yukawa-type pair interaction and an external parabolic confinement as was shown by extensive molecular dynamics simulations [2]. A much simpler description is possible with analytical shell models which have been derived for Yukawas plasmas in [3,4]. Here we analyze improved Yukawa shell models which include correlations along the lines proposed for Coulomb crystals in [5]. The shell configurations are efficiently evaluated using a Monte Carlo procedure. [1] O. Arp, A. Piel and A. Melzer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 165004 (2004). [2] M. Bonitz, D. Block, O. Arp, V. Golunychiy, H. Baumgartner, P. Ludwig, A. Piel and A. Filinov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 075001 (2006). [3] H. Totsuji, C. Totsuji, T. Ogawa, and K. Tsuruta, Phys. Rev. E 71, 045401 (2005). [4] C. Henning, M. Bonitz, A. Piel, P. Ludwig, H. Baumgartner, V. Golubnichiy, and D. Block, submitted to Phys. Rev. E [5] W.D. Kraeft and M. Bonitz, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 35, 94 (2006). DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV) Jafarzadeh, H., E-mail: h-jafarzadeh56@yahoo.com 2015-04-28 The spontaneously generated coherence (SGC) effects on optical bistability (OB) are investigated in a five-level K-type system. It is found that SGC makes the system phase dependent. Thus, the OB and the absorption behavior of the system can be controlled by the relation phase of applied fields. In addition, the pump field intensity effect on the OB behavior is discussed. The experimental viability of the model in semiconductor quantum well system is also discussed [A. V. Germanenko et al., J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 376, 012024 (2012); D. S. Chemla et al., IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 20(3), 265 (1984); L. V.more » Butov et al., J. Exp. Theor. Phys. 88(5), 1036 (1999); J. F. Dynes et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 157403 (2005); S. Schmitt-Rinka et al., Adv. Phys. 38(2), 89 (1989); and H. W. Liu et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 54, 2082 (1989)].« less PUBLISHER'S ANNOUNCEMENT: Important changes for 2008 NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) 2008-01-01 This issue, the first of 2008, sees a new innovation for Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics (J. Phys. G). J. Phys. G has moved from page numbering to an article numbering system, which offers important advantages to our authors. It increases flexibility and speeds up the publication process as papers in different issues or subject sections can now be published online as soon as they are ready, without having to wait for a whole issue or section to be allocated page numbers. The bibliographic citation style will therefore change for articles published from now on. Articles should be referenced using the six-digit article number in place of a page number. Please note that this number must include any leading zeros. For example: Smith J et al 2008 J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 35 015045 If you have any questions or comments about our new scheme, please contact us at http://jphysg@iop.org J. Phys. G Publishing Team 1989-07-01 distance in a planar arrangement of ArH3 , with the argon directly above the apical hydrogen. Matcha and 3, Milleur’ confined their calculations for...Phys. .11, 27 (1976). 7. W. J. Stevens, H-. Basch, and M. Krauss, J. Chem. Phys. il 6026 (1984). 8. R. L. Matcha , and Mac B. Milleur, J. Chem. Phys. f2 Generalized statistical complexity measures: Geometrical and analytical properties NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Martin, M. T.; Plastino, A.; Rosso, O. A. 2006-09-01 We discuss bounds on the values adopted by the generalized statistical complexity measures [M.T. Martin et al., Phys. Lett. A 311 (2003) 126; P.W. Lamberti et al., Physica A 334 (2004) 119] introduced by López Ruiz et al. [Phys. Lett. A 209 (1995) 321] and Shiner et al. [Phys. Rev. E 59 (1999) 1459]. Several new theorems are proved and illustrated with reference to the celebrated logistic map. Silicide Formation and Schottky Barrier of Rare-Earth Metals on SI 1983-09-30 1981). 4. K. N. Tu, R. D. Thompson and B. Y. Tsaur, App]. Phys. Lett. 38, 626 (1981). 5. H. Norde, J. de Sousa Pires, F. d’Heurle, F. Pesavento , S...Phys. Lett. 38, 626 (1981). 7. H. Plarde, J. de ’’uis Pires, F. dI’Heurle, F. Pesavento , S. Petersson and P. A. Tove, ;!.Phys. L.ett. 38, 865 (1981 NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Viswanathan, Balakrishnan; Gea-Banacloche, Julio 2018-03-01 It has been suggested that second-order nonlinearities could be used for quantum logic at the single-photon level. Specifically, successive two-photon processes in principle could accomplish the phase shift (conditioned on the presence of two photons in the low-frequency modes) |011 〉→i |100 〉→-|011 〉 . We have analyzed a recent scheme proposed by Xia et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 023601 (2016)], 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.023601 to induce such a conditional phase shift between two single-photon pulses propagating at different speeds through a nonlinear medium with a nonlocal response. We present here an analytical solution for the most general case, i.e., for an arbitrary response function, initial state, and pulse velocity, which supports their numerical observation that a π phase shift with unit fidelity is possible, in principle, in an appropriate limit. We also discuss why this is possible in this system, despite the theoretical objections to the possibility of conditional phase shifts on single photons that were raised some time ago by Shapiro [Phys. Rev. A 73, 062305 (2006)], 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.062305 and by Gea-Banacloche [Phys. Rev. A 81, 043823 (2010)], 10.1103/PhysRevA.81.043823 one of us. Ir-192 HDR transit dose and radial dose function determination using alanine/EPR dosimetry NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Guzmán Calcina, Carmen S.; de Almeida, Adelaide; Oliveira Rocha, José R.; Abrego, Felipe Chen; Baffa, Oswaldo 2005-03-01 Source positioning close to the tumour in high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy is not instantaneous. An increment of dose will be delivered during the movement of the source in the trajectory to its static position. This increment is the transit dose, often not taken into account in brachytherapeutic treatment planning. The transit dose depends on the prescribed dose, number of treatment fractions, velocity and activity of the source. Combining all these factors, the transit dose can be 5% higher than the prescribed absorbed dose value (Sang-Hyun and Muller-Runkel, 1994 Phys. Med. Biol. 39 1181 8, Nath et al 1995 Med. Phys. 22 209 34). However, it cannot exceed this percentage (Nath et al 1995). In this work, we use the alanine-EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) dosimetric system using analysis of the first derivative of the signal. The transit dose was evaluated for an HDR system and is consistent with that already presented for TLD dosimeters (Bastin et al 1993 Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 26 695 702). Also using the same dosimetric system, the radial dose function, used to evaluate the geometric dose degradation around the source, was determined and its behaviour agrees better with those obtained by Monte Carlo simulations (Nath et al 1995, Williamson and Nath 1991 Med. Phys. 18 434 48, Ballester et al 1997 Med. Phys. 24 1221 8, Ballester et al 2001 Phys. Med. Biol. 46 N79 90) than with TLD measurements (Nath et al 1990 Med. Phys. 17 1032 40). Ir-192 HDR transit dose and radial dose function determination using alanine/EPR dosimetry. Calcina, Carmen S Guzmán; de Almeida, Adelaide; Rocha, José R Oliveira; Abrego, Felipe Chen; Baffa, Oswaldo 2005-03-21 Source positioning close to the tumour in high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy is not instantaneous. An increment of dose will be delivered during the movement of the source in the trajectory to its static position. This increment is the transit dose, often not taken into account in brachytherapeutic treatment planning. The transit dose depends on the prescribed dose, number of treatment fractions, velocity and activity of the source. Combining all these factors, the transit dose can be 5% higher than the prescribed absorbed dose value (Sang-Hyun and Muller-Runkel, 1994 Phys. Med. Biol. 39 1181-8, Nath et al 1995 Med. Phys. 22 209-34). However, it cannot exceed this percentage (Nath et al 1995). In this work, we use the alanine-EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) dosimetric system using analysis of the first derivative of the signal. The transit dose was evaluated for an HDR system and is consistent with that already presented for TLD dosimeters (Bastin et al 1993 Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 26 695-702). Also using the same dosimetric system, the radial dose function, used to evaluate the geometric dose degradation around the source, was determined and its behaviour agrees better with those obtained by Monte Carlo simulations (Nath et al 1995, Williamson and Nath 1991 Med. Phys. 18 434-48, Ballester et al 1997 Med. Phys. 24 1221-8, Ballester et al 2001 Phys. Med. Biol. 46 N79-90) than with TLD measurements (Nath et al 1990 Med. Phys. 17 1032-40). Families of quantum fingerprinting protocols NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Lovitz, Benjamin; Lütkenhaus, Norbert 2018-03-01 We introduce several families of quantum fingerprinting protocols to evaluate the equality function on two n -bit strings in the simultaneous message passing model. The original quantum fingerprinting protocol uses a tensor product of a small number of O (logn ) -qubit high-dimensional signals [H. Buhrman et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 167902 (2001), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.167902], whereas a recently proposed optical protocol uses a tensor product of O (n ) single-qubit signals, while maintaining the O (logn ) information leakage of the original protocol [J. M. Arazola and N. Lütkenhaus, Phys. Rev. A 89, 062305 (2014), 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.062305]. We find a family of protocols which interpolate between the original and optical protocols while maintaining the O (logn ) information leakage, thus demonstrating a tradeoff between the number of signals sent and the dimension of each signal. There has been interest in experimental realization of the recently proposed optical protocol using coherent states [F. Xu et al., Nat. Commun. 6, 8735 (2015), 10.1038/ncomms9735; J.-Y. Guan et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 240502 (2016), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.240502], but as the required number of laser pulses grows linearly with the input size n , eventual challenges for the long-time stability of experimental setups arise. We find a coherent state protocol which reduces the number of signals by a factor 1/2 while also reducing the information leakage. Our reduction makes use of a simple modulation scheme in optical phase space, and we find that more complex modulation schemes are not advantageous. Using a similar technique, we improve a recently proposed coherent state protocol for evaluating the Euclidean distance between two real unit vectors [N. Kumar et al., Phys. Rev. A 95, 032337 (2017), 10.1103/PhysRevA.95.032337] by reducing the number of signals by a factor 1/2 and also reducing the information leakage. EDITORIAL: Annual prizes for best papers NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) 2007-07-01 2006 Roberts Prize The publishers of Physics in Medicine and Biology (PMB) in association with the Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine (IPEM) jointly award an annual prize for an article published in PMB during the previous year. The following ten articles, listed below in chronological order, were rated the best of 2006 based on the (two or three) referees' assessments: D W Mundy et al 2006 Radiation binary targeted therapy for HER-2 positive breast cancers: assumptions, theoretical assessment and future directions Phys. Med. Biol. 51 1377-91 Y Yang et al 2006 Investigation of optical coherence tomography as an imaging modality in tissue engineering Phys. Med. Biol. 51 1649-59 M Krämer and M Scholz 2006 Rapid calculation of biological effects in ion radiotherapy Phys. Med. Biol. 51 1959-70 P Crespo et al 2006 On the detector arrangement for in-beam PET for hadron therapy monitoring Phys. Med. Biol. 51 2143-63 R J Senden et al 2006 Polymer gel dosimeters with reduced toxicity: a preliminary investigation of the NMR and optical dose-response using different monomers Phys. Med. Biol. 51 3301-14 J Wang et al 2006 FDTD calculation of whole-body average SAR in adult and child models for frequencies from 30 MHz to 3 GHz Phys. Med. Biol. 51 4119-27 C A T Van den Berg et al 2006 The use of MR B+1 imaging for validation of FDTD electromagnetic simulations of human anatomies Phys. Med. Biol. 51 4735-46 S Qin and K W Ferrara 2006 Acoustic response of compliable microvessels containing ultrasound contrast agents Phys. Med. Biol. 51 5065-88 R Kramer et al 2006 Skeletal dosimetry in the MAX06 and the FAX06 phantoms for external exposure to photons based on vertebral 3D-microCT images Phys. Med. Biol. 51 6265-89 R Leiderman et al 2006 Coupling between elastic strain and interstitial fluid flow: ramifications for poroelastic imaging Phys. Med. Biol. 51 6291-313 An IPEM college of jurors then assessed and rated these papers in order to choose a winner. We have much pleasure in advising readers that the 2006 Roberts Prize is awarded to: M Krämer and M Scholz 2006 Rapid calculation of biological effects in ion radiotherapy Phys. Med. Biol. 51 1959-70 2007 Prize for the Highest Cited Paper The annual prize for the most highly cited paper is awarded by the journal publishers (IOP Publishing) to the article published in PMB that has received the most citations1 in the previous 5 years (in this case for the period 2002 to 2006 inclusive). We have much pleasure in advising readers that the 2007 prize is awarded to: S S Vedam, P J Keall, V R Kini, H Mostafavi, H P Shukla and R Mohan 2003 Acquiring a four-dimensional computed tomography dataset using an external respiratory signal Phys. Med. Biol. 48 45-62 Simon Harris, Publisher Steve Webb, Editor-in-Chief 1 Figures taken from Thomson/ISI Quantum Phases of Matter in Optical Lattices 2015-06-30 doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.013625 Hyungwon Kim, David A. Huse. Ballistic Spreading of Entanglement in a Diffusive Nonintegrable System, Physical...Review B, (07 2013): 0. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.014206 Lin Dong, Lei Jiang, Han Pu. Fulde–Ferrell pairing instability in spin–orbit coupled Fermi...PhysRevA.87.051603 Kuei Sun, C. J. Bolech. Pair tunneling, phase separation, and dimensional crossover in imbalanced fermionic superfluids in a coupled Proposed Experiment in Two-Qubit Linear Optical Photonic Gates for Maximal Success Rates 2012-01-01 Phys. Rev. A 72 032307 [10] Kwiat P G, Waks E White A G, Applebaum I and Eberhaard P E 1999 Phys. Rev. A 60 R773–6 [11] Barz S, Cronenberg G, Zeilinger ...17] Reck M, Zeilinger A, Bernstein H J and Bertani P 1994 Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 58 [18] Thompson M G, Politi A, Matthews J C F and O’Brien J L 2011 IET 2012-09-21 Lovelock , K. R. J.; Satterly, C. J.; Villar-Garcia, I. J. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2007, 9, 982−990. (11) Strasser, D.; Goulay, F.; Kelkar, M. S.; Maginn, E...J.; Leone, S. R. J. Phys. Chem. A 2007, 111, 3191−3915. (12) Lovelock , K. R. J.; Deyko, A.; Corfield, J.-A.; Gooden, P. N.; Licence, P.; Jones, R. G NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Wickramaratne, Darshana; Shen, Jimmy-Xuan; Alkauskas, Audrius; Van de Walle, Chris G. 2018-02-01 In a recent article [Phys. Rev. B 91, 205315 (2015), 10.1103/PhysRevB.91.205315] Shi, Xu, and Wang presented a comparison of several formalisms to calculate nonradiative recombination rates and concluded the "one-dimensional (1D) quantum formula" that was used by Alkauskas et al. [Phys. Rev. B 90, 075202 (2014), 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.075202] is insufficient to accurately describe nonradiative capture rates. Our analysis of the results of Shi, Xu, and Wang indicates that their conclusions about the 1D quantum formula are unfounded and stem from an error in their calculations. Our own calculations demonstrate that the 1D quantum formula approach yields reliable and accurate results for nonradiative recombination rates. Bodwin, Geoffrey T.; Chung, Hee Sok; Ee, June-Haak; ... 2017-12-20 In this addendum to Phys. Rev. D 95, 054018 (2017) we recompute the rates for the decays of the Higgs boson to a vector quarkonium plus a photon, where the vector quarkonium is J/psi, Upsilon(1S) Upsilon(2S). We correct an error in the Abel-Pad'e summation formula that was used to carry out the evolution of the quarkonium light-cone distribution amplitude in Phys. Rev. D 95, 054018 (2017). We also correct an error in the scale of quarkonium wave function at the origin in Phys. Rev. D 95, 054018 (2017) and introduce several additional refinements in the calculation. Analysis of photon count data from single-molecule fluorescence experiments NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Burzykowski, T.; Szubiakowski, J.; Rydén, T. 2003-03-01 We consider single-molecule fluorescence experiments with data in the form of counts of photons registered over multiple time-intervals. Based on the observation schemes, linking back to works by Dehmelt [Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 20 (1975) 60] and Cook and Kimble [Phys. Rev. Lett. 54 (1985) 1023], we propose an analytical approach to the data based on the theory of Markov-modulated Poisson processes (MMPP). In particular, we consider maximum-likelihood estimation. The method is illustrated using a real-life dataset. Additionally, the properties of the proposed method are investigated through simulations and compared to two other approaches developed by Yip et al. [J. Phys. Chem. A 102 (1998) 7564] and Molski [Chem. Phys. Lett. 324 (2000) 301]. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV) Bodwin, Geoffrey T.; Chung, Hee Sok; Ee, June-Haak In this addendum to Phys. Rev. D 95, 054018 (2017) we recompute the rates for the decays of the Higgs boson to a vector quarkonium plus a photon, where the vector quarkonium is J/psi, Upsilon(1S) Upsilon(2S). We correct an error in the Abel-Pad'e summation formula that was used to carry out the evolution of the quarkonium light-cone distribution amplitude in Phys. Rev. D 95, 054018 (2017). We also correct an error in the scale of quarkonium wave function at the origin in Phys. Rev. D 95, 054018 (2017) and introduce several additional refinements in the calculation. Optical second harmonic spectroscopy of silicon-adsorbate surfaces and silicon nanocrystals NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Downer, Michael 2002-03-01 Second harmonic generation (SHG) provides a surface-specific, noninvasive probe of adsorbates. However, microscopic first-principles theory of adsorbate-specific spectroscopic SHG responses has proven elusive. Here we present experimental SHG spectra for six well-characterized, technologically important Si(001) surfaces in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV): clean Si(001)-2x1 and Si(001) terminated with hydrogen (H), [1] germanium (Ge), Ge and H, [2] boron (B) and B and H. [3] Each adsorbate (combination) alters SHG uniquely. Our microscopic theories based on ab initio pseudopotential or semi-empirical tight-binding (SETB) methods then explain observed trends, and predict new features in unexplored spectral regions. [3,4] Charge transfer among surface bonds is found to govern SHG spectroscopy of surface-adsorbate systems strongly. New results on SHG from Si nanocrystals embedded in SiO2 will also be presented. [5] SHG is sensitive to Si/SiO2 interface states, electrostatic charge on the nanocrystals, and macroscopic particle density gradients. Finally, a new frequency-domain interferometric second-harmonic (FDISH) spectroscopic technique to measure simultaneously the intensity and phase of SH radiation over a broad spectral range without laser tuning will be described. [6] 1. J. Dadap et al., Phys. Rev. B 56, 13367 (1997). 2. P. Parkinson et al., Appl. Phys. B 68, 641 (1999). 3. D. Lim et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 3406 (2000); Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 181 (2000). 4. V. Gavrilenko et al., Phys. Rev. B 63, 1653 (2001); M. C. Downer et al., Surf. Interface Anal. 31, 966 (2001); M. C. Downer et al., phys. stat. sol. (a), in press (2001). 5. Y. Jiang et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 766 (2001). 6. P. T. Wilson et al., Opt. Lett. 24, 496 (1999). NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Oswald, Soenke; Suhm, Martin A. 2017-06-01 Complexes of organic molecules with the main component of earth's atmosphere are of interest, also for a stepwise understanding of the phenomenon of matrix isolation. Via its large quadrupole moment, nitrogen binds strongly to polarized OH groups in hydrogen-bonded dimers. Further complexation leads to a smooth spectral transition from free to embedded molecules which we probe in supersonic jets. Results for 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol, methanol, t-butyl alcohol, and the conformationally more complex ethanol are presented and assigned with the help of quantum chemical calculations. Kuma, S., Slipchenko, M. N., Kuyanov, K. E., Momose, T., Vilesov, A. F., Infrared Spectra and Intensities of the H_2O and N_2 Complexes in the Range of the ν_1- and ν_3-Bands of Water, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2006, 110, 10046-10052. Coussan, S., Bouteiller, Y., Perchard, J. P., Zheng, W. Q., Rotational Isomerism of Ethanol and Matrix Isolation Infrared Spectroscopy, J. Phys. Chem. A, 1998, 102, 5789-5793. Suhm, M. A., Kollipost, F., Femtisecond single-mole infrared spectroscopy of molecular clusters, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2013, 15, 10702-10721. Larsen, R. W., Zielke, P., Suhm, M. A., Hydrogen bonded OH stretching modes of methanol clusters: a combined IR and Raman isotopomer study, J. Chem. Phys., 2007, 126, 194307. Zimmermann, D., Häber, T., Schaal, H., Suhm, M. A., Hydrogen bonded rings, chains and lassos: The case of t-butyl alcohol clusters, Mol. Phys., 2001, 99, 413-425. Wassermann, T. N., Suhm, M. A., Ethanol Monomers and Dimers Revisited: A Raman Study of Conformational Preferences and Argon Nanocoating Effects, J. Phys. Chem. A, 2010, 114, 8223-8233. Investigation of Plasma Processes in Electronic Transition Lasers 1985-05-30 Faraday Trans. II (in press) " H . Helvajian and C. Wittig, Appl. Phys. Lett. 38, 731 (1981). "W. L. Nighan, Appl. Phys. Lett. 36, 173 (1980). "D...Press. New York. Helvajian . H .. and Wittig. W. (1981). Appl. Phys. Lett. 38. 731-733. Horiguchi. H .. Chang. R. S. F.. and Setser. D. W, (1981). J...release; distribution unlimited 17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (ot th» mbttraci •nfrtd In Block 30, H dllltrani ttom Rmporl) 18. SUPPLEMENTARY Quantum Mechanical Studies of Molecular Hyperpolarizabilities. 1980-04-30 exponent , reflects the screening of an electron in a given orbital by the interior electrons in the atom or molecule. In practice, when studying...Basis sets have evolved over the years in molecular quantum mechanics until sets of orbital exponents for the different atoms composing the molecule have...and R. P. Hurst , J. Chem. Phys. 46, 2356 (1967); S. P. LickmannI and J. W. Moskowitz, J. Chem. Phys. 54, 3622 7T971). 26. T. H. Dunning, J. Chem. Phys Joint Services Electronics Program. 1985-03-30 Greenberg , Research Assistant LCE 17FI’w C OBJECTIVE: The general objective of this research unit is to study the interaction of excited molecules...helium - SiH mixtures. REFIRNCES: 1. V.M. Donnelly, D.C Flamn, WC. Dantremont-Smith, DJ. Werder, J. AppL Phys. 53,242 (1983. 2. KE. Greenberg , G.A...Hebner, and J.T. Verdeyen, Appl. Phys. Lett. 44, 299 (1984). 3. K.E. Greenberg , J.T. Verdeyen, J. Appl. Phys. 57, 1596 (1985). PUBLICATION& .0 Journal Electronic Structure in Thin Film Organic Semiconductors 2009-06-27 Peltekis, C. McGuinness, and A. Matsuura, J. Chem. Phys. 129, 224705, (2008) c) "The Local Electronic Structure of Tin Phthalocyanine studied by...interfaces in a Cu(100)-benzenethiolate- pentacene heterostructure", Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 027601 (2008). 21. O.V. Molodtsova, M. Grobosch, M. Knupfer...1999). 37. N.J. Watkins, S. Zorba, and Y. Gao, "Interface formation of pentacene on Al2O3", J. Appl. Phys. 96, 425 (2004). 38. K.V. Chauhan, I Automated Discovery of New Chemical Reactions and Accurate Calculation of Their Rates 2015-06-02 formation of organic acids in reactions of the Criegee intermediate with aldehydes and ketones . Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2013, 15, 16841-16852. [39...dioxolan-3-ol – our second case study - we confirmed that fragmentation of the cyclic peroxide leads to two possible pairs of acid and aldehyde products...Rate Prediction via Group Additivity, Part 2: H-Abstraction from Alkenes, Alkynes, Alcohols, Aldehydes , and Acids by H Atoms. J. Phys. Chem. A 2001, 105 NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Dudarev, S. L.; Ma, Pui-Wai 2018-03-01 Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that self-interstitial atom (SIA) defects in nonmagnetic body-centered-cubic (bcc) metals adopt strongly anisotropic configurations, elongated in the <111 > direction [S. Han et al., Phys. Rev. B 66, 220101 (2002), 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.220101; D. Nguyen-Manh et al., Phys. Rev. B 73, 020101 (2006), 10.1103/PhysRevB.73.020101; P. M. Derlet et al., Phys. Rev. B 76, 054107 (2007), 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.054107; S. L. Dudarev, Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 43, 35 (2013), 10.1146/annurev-matsci-071312-121626]. Elastic distortions, associated with such anisotropic atomic structures, appear similar to distortions around small prismatic dislocation loops, although the extent of this similarity has never been quantified. We derive analytical formulas for the dipole tensors of SIA defects, which show that, in addition to the prismatic dislocation looplike character, the elastic field of a SIA defect also has a significant isotropic dilatation component. Using empirical potentials and DFT calculations, we parametrize dipole tensors of <111 > defects for all the nonmagnetic bcc transition metals. This enables a quantitative evaluation of the energy of elastic interaction between the defects, which also shows that in a periodic three-dimensional simple cubic arrangement of crowdions, long-range elastic interactions between a defect and all its images favor a <111 > orientation of the defect. Theoretical and numerical study of axisymmetric lattice Boltzmann models NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Huang, Haibo; Lu, Xi-Yun 2009-07-01 The forcing term in the lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) is usually used to mimic Navier-Stokes equations with a body force. To derive axisymmetric model, forcing terms are incorporated into the two-dimensional (2D) LBE to mimic the additional axisymmetric contributions in 2D Navier-Stokes equations in cylindrical coordinates. Many axisymmetric lattice Boltzmann D2Q9 models were obtained through the Chapman-Enskog expansion to recover the 2D Navier-Stokes equations in cylindrical coordinates [I. Halliday , Phys. Rev. E 64, 011208 (2001); K. N. Premnath and J. Abraham, Phys. Rev. E 71, 056706 (2005); T. S. Lee, H. Huang, and C. Shu, Int. J. Mod. Phys. C 17, 645 (2006); T. Reis and T. N. Phillips, Phys. Rev. E 75, 056703 (2007); J. G. Zhou, Phys. Rev. E 78, 036701 (2008)]. The theoretical differences between them are discussed in detail. Numerical studies were also carried out by simulating two different flows to make a comparison on these models’ accuracy and τ sensitivity. It is found all these models are able to obtain accurate results and have the second-order spatial accuracy. However, the model C [J. G. Zhou, Phys. Rev. E 78, 036701 (2008)] is the most stable one in terms of τ sensitivity. It is also found that if density of fluid is defined in its usual way and not directly relevant to source terms, the lattice Boltzmann model seems more stable. Spin squeezing a cold molecule NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Bhattacharya, M. 2015-12-01 In this article we present a concrete proposal for spin squeezing the cold ground-state polar paramagnetic molecule OH, a system currently under fine control in the laboratory. In contrast to existing work, we consider a single, noninteracting molecule with angular momentum greater than 1 /2 . Starting from an experimentally relevant effective Hamiltonian, we identify an adiabatic regime where different combinations of static electric and magnetic fields can be used to realize the single-axis twisting Hamiltonian of Kitagawa and Ueda [M. Kitagawa and M. Ueda, Phys. Rev. A 47, 5138 (1993), 10.1103/PhysRevA.47.5138], the uniform field Hamiltonian proposed by Law et al. [C. K. Law, H. T. Ng, and P. T. Leung, Phys. Rev. A 63, 055601 (2001), 10.1103/PhysRevA.63.055601], and a model of field propagation in a Kerr medium considered by Agarwal and Puri [G. S. Agarwal and R. R. Puri, Phys. Rev. A 39, 2969 (1989), 10.1103/PhysRevA.39.2969]. We then consider the situation in which nonadiabatic effects are quite large and show that the effective Hamiltonian supports spin squeezing even in this case. We provide analytical expressions as well as numerical calculations, including optimization of field strengths and accounting for the effects of field misalignment. Our results have consequences for applications such as precision spectroscopy, techniques such as magnetometry, and stereochemical effects such as the orientation-to-alignment transition. Effect of the forcing term in the pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann modeling of thermal flows NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Li, Qing; Luo, K. H. 2014-05-01 The pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann (LB) model is a popular model in the LB community for simulating multiphase flows. Recently, several thermal LB models, which are based on the pseudopotential LB model and constructed within the framework of the double-distribution-function LB method, were proposed to simulate thermal multiphase flows [G. Házi and A. Márkus, Phys. Rev. E 77, 026305 (2008), 10.1103/PhysRevE.77.026305; L. Biferale, P. Perlekar, M. Sbragaglia, and F. Toschi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 104502 (2012), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.104502; S. Gong and P. Cheng, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 55, 4923 (2012), 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.04.037; M. R. Kamali et al., Phys. Rev. E 88, 033302 (2013), 10.1103/PhysRevE.88.033302]. The objective of the present paper is to show that the effect of the forcing term on the temperature equation must be eliminated in the pseudopotential LB modeling of thermal flows. First, the effect of the forcing term on the temperature equation is shown via the Chapman-Enskog analysis. For comparison, alternative treatments that are free from the forcing-term effect are provided. Subsequently, numerical investigations are performed for two benchmark tests. The numerical results clearly show that the existence of the forcing-term effect will lead to significant numerical errors in the pseudopotential LB modeling of thermal flows. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Bose, Tushar Kanti; Saha, Jayashree 2014-04-01 In a recent article [T. K. Bose and J. Saha, Phys. Rev. E 86, 050701 (2012), 10.1103/PhysRevE.86.050701], we have presented the results of a Monte Carlo simulation study of the systems of dipolar Gay-Berne ellipsoids where two terminal antiparallel dipoles are placed symmetrically on the long axis of each ellipsoid, and the results revealed the combined contribution of dipolar separation and transverse orientations in controlling the tilt angle in the tilted hexatic smectic phase. The tilt angle changed from zero to a significant value, in the case of transverse dipoles, with a change in the dipolar separation. In the related comment, Madhusudana [preceding Comment, Phys. Rev. E 89, 046501 (2014), 10.1103/PhysRevE.89.046501] has claimed that the physical origin of the molecular tilt in the significantly tilted phases found in the simulations is similar to that proposed by McMillan [Phys. Rev. A 8, 1921 (1973), 10.1103/PhysRevA.8.1921]. Here, we explain that the claim is not correct and make it clear that the two compared pictures are quite different. In the preceding Comment, Madhusudana has also suggested an alternative explanation for tilt generation in the simulations by criticizing the original one proposed by us. We argue here in support of the original explanation and clarify that his explanation does not follow the simulation results. Huang, Ri-Bo; Du, Qi-Shi; Wei, Yu-Tuo; Pang, Zong-Wen; Wei, Hang; Chou, Kuo-Chen 2009-02-07 Predicting the bioactivity of peptides and proteins is an important challenge in drug development and protein engineering. In this study we introduce a novel approach, the so-called "physics and chemistry-driven artificial neural network (Phys-Chem ANN)", to deal with such a problem. Unlike the existing ANN approaches, which were designed under the inspiration of biological neural system, the Phys-Chem ANN approach is based on the physical and chemical principles, as well as the structural features of proteins. In the Phys-Chem ANN model the "hidden layers" are no longer virtual "neurons", but real structural units of proteins and peptides. It is a hybridization approach, which combines the linear free energy concept of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) with the advanced mathematical technique of ANN. The Phys-Chem ANN approach has adopted an iterative and feedback procedure, incorporating both machine-learning and artificial intelligence capabilities. In addition to making more accurate predictions for the bioactivities of proteins and peptides than is possible with the traditional QSAR approach, the Phys-Chem ANN approach can also provide more insights about the relationship between bioactivities and the structures involved than the ANN approach does. As an example of the application of the Phys-Chem ANN approach, a predictive model for the conformational stability of human lysozyme is presented. Studies of giant magnetoresistance and interfacial structure in Cu/Co and Co/Re multilayers NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Setty, Arun; Fernando, G.; Cooper, B. R. 2003-03-01 A study of giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in the Cu/Co [1]and Co/Re multilayer [2,3] systems is presented. The role of interface structure in such systems is significant, and is being investigated using an ab-initio based approach [4]. The role of intermixing [5], impurities and growth textures have been considered. Structural relaxation is taken into account using Hellman-Feynman and symmetry-based approaches. We find lattice spacings in agreement with experiment, energetically establish the favored growth textures and find results motivating the existence of the observed wavy interface in the Cu/Co system [6]. The transport properties of these multilayer systems will be studied using a theoretical model [7] incorporating material parameters obtained from the multiscale modeling approach we envisage. [1] S.S.P. Parkin, Z.G. Li, and D. J. Smith, Appl. Phys. Lett., 58, 2710-2712 (1991). [2] T. Charlton et al, Phys. Rev. B 63, 094404 (2001) [3] T. Charlton et al, Phys. Rev. B 59, 11897-11908 (1999) [4] C. Villagonzalo, A.K. Setty and B.R. Cooper, submitted to Phys. Rev. [5] J. Fassbender, R. Allenspach, and U. Durig. Surf. Sci., 383, L742-L748, (1997). [6] D.J. Larson et al, Appl. Phys. Lett., 73:1125-1127, (1998). [7] J. C. Slonczewski, Phys. Rev. B 39, 6995 (1989). Non-Abelian fermionization and fractional quantum Hall transitions NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Hui, Aaron; Mulligan, Michael; Kim, Eun-Ah 2018-02-01 There has been a recent surge of interest in dualities relating theories of Chern-Simons gauge fields coupled to either bosons or fermions within the condensed matter community, particularly in the context of topological insulators and the half-filled Landau level. Here, we study the application of one such duality to the long-standing problem of quantum Hall interplateaux transitions. The key motivating experimental observations are the anomalously large value of the correlation length exponent ν ≈2.3 and that ν is observed to be superuniversal, i.e., the same in the vicinity of distinct critical points [Sondhi et al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 69, 315 (1997), 10.1103/RevModPhys.69.315]. Duality motivates effective descriptions for a fractional quantum Hall plateau transition involving a Chern-Simons field with U (Nc) gauge group coupled to Nf=1 fermion. We study one class of theories in a controlled limit where Nf≫Nc and calculate ν to leading nontrivial order in the absence of disorder. Although these theories do not yield an anomalously large exponent ν within the large Nf≫Nc expansion, they do offer a new parameter space of theories that is apparently different from prior works involving Abelian Chern-Simons gauge fields [Wen and Wu, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1501 (1993), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.1501; Chen et al., Phys. Rev. B 48, 13749 (1993), 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.13749]. betaFIT: A computer program to fit pointwise potentials to selected analytic functions NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Le Roy, Robert J.; Pashov, Asen 2017-01-01 This paper describes program betaFIT, which performs least-squares fits of sets of one-dimensional (or radial) potential function values to four different types of sophisticated analytic potential energy functional forms. These families of potential energy functions are: the Expanded Morse Oscillator (EMO) potential [J Mol Spectrosc 1999;194:197], the Morse/Long-Range (MLR) potential [Mol Phys 2007;105:663], the Double Exponential/Long-Range (DELR) potential [J Chem Phys 2003;119:7398], and the "Generalized Potential Energy Function (GPEF)" form introduced by Šurkus et al. [Chem Phys Lett 1984;105:291], which includes a wide variety of polynomial potentials, such as the Dunham [Phys Rev 1932;41:713], Simons-Parr-Finlan [J Chem Phys 1973;59:3229], and Ogilvie-Tipping [Proc R Soc A 1991;378:287] polynomials, as special cases. This code will be useful for providing the realistic sets of potential function shape parameters that are required to initiate direct fits of selected analytic potential functions to experimental data, and for providing better analytical representations of sets of ab initio results. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Wang, L. M.; Yan, Z.-C. 2018-06-01 The Schrödinger equation for the ground state of the hydrogen molecule H2 is solved by applying the Rayleigh-Ritz variational method in Hylleraas coordinates without using the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. The nonrelativistic energy eigenvalue is converged to -1.164 025 030 880 (7 ) atomic units. The leading-order relativistic corrections, including the mass-velocity, Darwin, orbit-orbit, spin-spin, and relativistic recoil terms, are evaluated perturbatively. Together with the higher-order relativistic and quantum electrodynamic corrections obtained by Puchalski et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 263002 (2016), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.263002], we determine the dissociation energy of the hydrogen molecule, D0=36 118.069 71 (33 ) cm-1 , which agrees with the two recent experimental results of Liu et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 130, 174306 (2009), 10.1063/1.3120443], 36 118.069 62 (37 ) cm-1 , and Altmann et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 043204 (2018), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.043204], 36 118.069 45 (31 ) cm-1 . Formation of molecules in an expanding Bose-Einstein condensate NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Yurovsky, Vladimir; Ben-Reuven, Abraham 2004-05-01 A mean field theory [1] is extended to an inhomogeneous case of expanding hybrid atom-molecule Bose-Einstein condensates. This theory is applied to the recent MPI experiments [2] on ^87Rb demonstrating the formation of ultracold molecules due to Feshbach resonance. The subsequent dissociation of the molecules is treated using a non-mean-field parametric approximation [3]. The latter method is also used in determining optimal conditions for the formation of molecular BEC. [1] V. A. Yurovsky, A. Ben-Reuven, P. S. Julienne and C. J. Williams, Phys. Rev. A 60, R765 (1999); Phys. Rev. A 62, 043605 (2000). [2] S. Dürr, T. Volz, A. Marte, and G. Rempe, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 020406 (2004). [3] V. A. Yurovsky and A. Ben-Reuven, Phys. Rev. A 67, 043611 (2003). Inclusive breakup calculations in angular momentum basis: Application to 7Li+58Ni NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Lei, Jin 2018-03-01 The angular momentum basis method is introduced to solve the inclusive breakup problem within the model proposed by Ichimura, Austern, and Vincent [Phys. Rev. C 32, 431 (1985), 10.1103/PhysRevC.32.431]. This method is based on the geometric transformation between different Jacobi coordinates, in which the particle spins can be included in a natural and efficient way. To test the validity of this partial wave expansion method, a benchmark calculation is done comparing with the one given by Lei and Moro [Phys. Rev. C 92, 044616 (2015), 10.1103/PhysRevC.92.044616]. In addition, using the distorted-wave Born approximation version of the IAV model, applications to 7Li+58Ni reactions at energies around Coulomb barrier are presented and compared with available data. Feng, Bao-Feng; Ling, Liming; Zhu, Zuonong 2017-08-01 Our paper [Phys. Rev. E 93, 052227 (2016)PREHBM2470-004510.1103/PhysRevE.93.052227], proposing an integrable model for the propagation of ultrashort pulses, has recently received a Comment by Youssoufa et al. [Phys. Rev. E 96, 026201 (2017)10.1103/PhysRevE.96.026201] about a possible flaw in its derivation. We point out that their claim is incorrect since we have stated explicitly that a term is neglected to derive our model equation in our paper. Furthermore, the integrable model is validated by comparing with the normalized Maxwell equation and other known integrable models. Moreover, we show that a similar approximation has to be performed in deriving the same integrable equation as explained in the Comment. Constraining some Horndeski gravity theories NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Bhattacharya, Sourav; Chakraborty, Sumanta 2017-02-01 We discuss two spherically symmetric solutions admitted by the Horndeski (or scalar-tensor) theory in the context of Solar System and astrophysical scenarios. One of these solutions is derived for Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity, while the other originates from the coupling of the Gauss-Bonnet invariant with a scalar field. Specifically, we discuss the perihelion precession and the bending angle of light for these two different spherically symmetric spacetimes derived in Maeda and Dadhich [Phys. Rev. D 75, 044007 (2007), 10.1103/PhysRevD.75.044007] and Sotiriou and Zhou [Phys. Rev. D 90, 124063 (2014), 10.1103/PhysRevD.90.124063], respectively. The latter, in particular, applies only to black-hole spacetimes. We further delineate on the numerical bounds of relevant parameters of these theories from such computations. Addendum to "Charm and bottom quark masses: An update" NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Chetyrkin, Konstantin G.; Kühn, Johann H.; Maier, Andreas; Maierhöfer, Philipp; Marquard, Peter; Steinhauser, Matthias; Sturm, Christian 2017-12-01 We update the experimental moments for the charm quark as computed in [J. H. Kühn, M. Steinhauser, and C. Sturm, Nucl. Phys. B778, 192 (2007), 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2007.04.036] and used in [K. G. Chetyrkin, J. H. Kühn, A. Maier, P. Maierhöfer, P. Marquard, M. Steinhauser, and C. Sturm, Phys. Rev. D 80, 074010 (2009),, 10.1103/PhysRevD.80.074010 K. Chetyrkin, J. H. Kühn, A. Maier, P. Maierhöfer, P. Marquard, M. Steinhauser, and C. Sturm, Theor. Math. Phys. 170, 217 (2012), 10.1007/s11232-012-0024-7] for the determination of the charm-quark mass. The new value for the MS ¯ charm-quark mass reads mc(3 GeV )=0.993 ±0.008 GeV . Amendt, Peter; Landen, O L; Robey, H F; Li, C K; Petrasso, R D 2010-09-10 The observation of large, self-generated electric fields (≥10(9) V/m) in imploding capsules using proton radiography has been reported [C. K. Li, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 225001 (2008)]. A model of pressure gradient-driven diffusion in a plasma with self-generated electric fields is developed and applied to reported neutron yield deficits for equimolar D3He [J. R. Rygg, Phys. Plasmas 13, 052702 (2006)] and (DT)3He [H. W. Herrmann, Phys. Plasmas 16, 056312 (2009)] fuel mixtures and Ar-doped deuterium fuels [J. D. Lindl, Phys. Plasmas 11, 339 (2004)]. The observed anomalies are explained as a mild loss of deuterium nuclei near capsule center arising from shock-driven diffusion in the high-field limit. Calculating work in weakly driven quantum master equations: Backward and forward equations NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Liu, Fei 2016-01-01 I present a technical report indicating that the two methods used for calculating characteristic functions for the work distribution in weakly driven quantum master equations are equivalent. One involves applying the notion of quantum jump trajectory [Phys. Rev. E 89, 042122 (2014), 10.1103/PhysRevE.89.042122], while the other is based on two energy measurements on the combined system and reservoir [Silaev et al., Phys. Rev. E 90, 022103 (2014), 10.1103/PhysRevE.90.022103]. These represent backward and forward methods, respectively, which adopt a very similar approach to that of the Kolmogorov backward and forward equations used in classical stochastic theory. The microscopic basis for the former method is also clarified. In addition, a previously unnoticed equality related to the heat is also revealed. A Program of Basic Research for High Power Switching and Other High Power Devices 1989-05-23 Physics Topical Group/American Physical Society, Baltimore, Maryland, April 18-21, 1988, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 33, 1082 (1988). "New High Power Thyratrons...American Physical Society, Baltimore, Maryland, April 18-21, 1988, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 33, 1082 (1988). "A plasma lens candidate with highly stable...April 18-21, 1988, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 33. 1082 (1988). "New High Power Thyratrons for High Energy Physics Applications," W. Hartmann, G. Kirkman, M.A Comment on ``Nonlinear gyrokinetic theory with polarization drift'' [Phys. Plasmas 17, 082304 (2010) NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Leerink, S.; Parra, F. I.; Heikkinen, J. A. 2010-12-01 In this comment, we show that by using the discrete particle distribution function the changes of the phase-space volume of gyrocenter coordinates due to the fluctuating E ×B velocity do not explicitly appear in the Poisson equation and the [Sosenko et al., Phys. Scr. 64, 264 (2001)] result is recovered. It is demonstrated that there is no contradiction between the work presented by Sosenko et al. and the work presented by [Wang et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 082304 (2010)]. Ionospheric Storm Effects at Subauroral Latitudes: A Case Study 1991-02-01 Island: Z70 m/s) are consistent with corresponding model predictions [e.g., Testud et al., 1975: Richmond and Marsushitl, 1975]. Note that while...Atmos. Terr. Phys., 44. 161-171. 1982. in the morning sector. There it is marked by an anomalously Alcayde. D.. J. Testud . G. Vasseur. and P. Wadteufel...34-pile up" F-region trough. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys.. 33. 647-656. 1973. in the F-region. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 36, 70 -706. 1974. Testud . J.. P. Amayenc 2008-07-16 min after addition of binary mixture. Other images are taken (d) after supernatant removal, (e) after ammonia exposure, ( f ) after air-drying and dye...12] J.P. Hoogenboom , D. Derks, P. Vergeer, A. van Blaaderen, J. Chem. Phys. 117 (2002) 11320. [13] A. van Blaaderen, R. Ruel, P. Wiltzius, Nature...Axe, Y. Fujii, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62 (1989) 1524. [19] F . El Azhar, M. Baus, J.P. Ryekaert, E.J. Meijer, J. Chem. Phys. 112 (2000) 5121. [20] M.S An Optimal Dissipative Encoder for the Toric Code 2014-01-16 Topological quantummemory J. Math. Phys. 43 4452–505 [6] Diehl S, Micheli A, Kantian A, Kraus B, Büchler H P and Zoller P 2008 Quantum states and phases in...Diehl S, Kantian A, Micheli A and Zoller P 2008 Preparation of entangled states by quantum Markov processes Phys. Rev. A 78 042307 [12] Marvian I 2013...Information Theory (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) [20] Wolf M and Cirac J I 2008 Dividing quantum channels Commun. Math. 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Salvan, Surf NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Kobayashi, Kaori; Maki, Hiroki; Yamamoto, Takuya; Hara, Masanori; Hatano, Yuji; Ozeki, Hiroyuki 2014-06-01 Tritium is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen. Tritium released into natural enviroment is said to be converted into mostly HTO. The detection of HTO is important from the viewpoint of basic science as well as its radioactivity. Spectroscopy is a good tool for detection, however, high-resolution spectroscopy studies are still limited. The microwave study were carried out and the molecular constants of the ground state were determined. All fundamental ν_1, ν_2 and the ν_3 bands of HTO were reported. At 1.38 micron region, overtone and combination bands are expected. In this study, we prepared a new double wall cell for safe handling of highly concentrated tritiated water and carried out the near-infrared measurement. More than 100 transitions were observed and most of them were assigned to belong to the 2ν_3 band based on the previous quantum chemical calculations. We will report the current status of the analysis. P. Helminger, F. C. De Lucia, W. Gordy, P. A. Staats and H. W. Morgan, Phys. Rev. A, 10, 1072 (1974). S. D. Cope, D. K. Russell, H. A. Fry, L. H. Jones, and J. E. Barefield, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 127, 464 (1988). P. P. Cherrier, P. H. Beckwith, and J. Reid, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 121, 69 (1987). M. Tine, D. Kobor, I. Sakho, and L. H. Coudert, J. Mod. Phys., 3, 1945 (2012). M. J. Down, J. Tennyson, M. Hara, Y. Hatano, and K. Kobayashi, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 289, 35 (2013). Theory of Charge Transport in Organic Crystals: Lessons from the Past and Prospects for the Future NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Kenkre, V. M. 2002-03-01 Interest in fundamental issues regarding charge transport in organic materials shifted in the early 80's from the field of crystals to the field of disordered systems after polaron theories[1,2] were successfully applied[2] to what was suspected to be a mobility transition in naphthalene[3]. Recent experiments on pentacene[4] have been responsible for a reversal of the shift: there is now a revival of interest in crystals particularly in basic questions regarding electron-phonon interactions, polaron formation, the nature of charge carriers, and the issue of band versus hopping transport. High magnitudes of the new mobilities appear to imply large free carrier bandwidths which have led some to conjecture that band (rather than hopping) transport is characteristic of pentacene[5]. And yet, pentacene experiments show an unmistakable rise in the mobility at higher temperature, a rise that seems to signal polaronic behavior. Added to this fascinating mélange of facts are clear velocity saturation effects[6] observed in pentacene[4] along with some cavalier interpretation attempts of those non-Ohmic effects. The purpose of the talk is to attempt to address basic issues raised by these observations. 1. R. Silbey and R. W. Munn, J. Chem. Phys. 72, 2763 (1980). 2. V. M. Kenkre, John D. Andersen, D.H. Dunlap, and C.B. Duke, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 1165 (1989); see also M. Pope and C. E. Swenberg, Electronic Processes in Organic Crystals and Polymers, 2nd ed. (Oxford Univ Press, New Yourk 1999), p. 968. 3. L. B. Schein, C. B. Duke, and A.R. McGhie, Phys. Rev. Lett. 40, 197 (1978); C. B. Duke and L. B. Schein, Physics Today 33, 42 (1980). 4. J. H. Schoen, C. Kloc, and B. Batlogg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3843 (2001); Phys. Rev. B63, 245201 (2001). 5. Note, however, a recent demonstration against bare band descriptions in pentacene provided by J. D. Andersen, L. Giuggioli, and V. M. Kenkre, Phys. Rev. B, submitted. 6. V. M. Kenkre and P. E. Parris, Phys. Rev. B, submitted; P. E. Parris, M. Kús and V. M. Kenkre, Phys. Lett. A 289, 188 (2001). Sahai, Aakash A; Tsung, Frank S; Tableman, Adam R; Mori, Warren B; Katsouleas, Thomas C 2013-10-01 The relativistically induced transparency acceleration (RITA) scheme of proton and ion acceleration using laser-plasma interactions is introduced, modeled, and compared to the existing schemes. Protons are accelerated with femtosecond relativistic pulses to produce quasimonoenergetic bunches with controllable peak energy. The RITA scheme works by a relativistic laser inducing transparency [Akhiezer and Polovin, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz 30, 915 (1956); Kaw and Dawson, Phys. Fluids 13, 472 (1970); Max and Perkins, Phys. Rev. Lett. 27, 1342 (1971)] to densities higher than the cold-electron critical density, while the background heavy ions are stationary. The rising laser pulse creates a traveling acceleration structure at the relativistic critical density by ponderomotively [Lindl and Kaw, Phys. Fluids 14, 371 (1971); Silva et al., Phys. Rev. E 59, 2273 (1999)] driving a local electron density inflation, creating an electron snowplow and a co-propagating electrostatic potential. The snowplow advances with a velocity determined by the rate of the rise of the laser's intensity envelope and the heavy-ion-plasma density gradient scale length. The rising laser is incrementally rendered transparent to higher densities such that the relativistic-electron plasma frequency is resonant with the laser frequency. In the snowplow frame, trace density protons reflect off the electrostatic potential and get snowplowed, while the heavier background ions are relatively unperturbed. Quasimonoenergetic bunches of velocity equal to twice the snowplow velocity can be obtained and tuned by controlling the snowplow velocity using laser-plasma parameters. An analytical model for the proton energy as a function of laser intensity, rise time, and plasma density gradient is developed and compared to 1D and 2D PIC OSIRIS [Fonseca et al., Lect. Note Comput. Sci. 2331, 342 (2002)] simulations. We model the acceleration of protons to GeV energies with tens-of-femtoseconds laser pulses of a few petawatts. The scaling of proton energy with laser power compares favorably to other mechanisms for ultrashort pulses [Schreiber et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 045005 (2006); Esirkepov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 175003 (2004); Silva et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 015002 (2004); Fiuza et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 215001 (2012)]. Quasi-additive estimates on the Hamiltonian for the one-dimensional long range Ising model NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Littin, Jorge; Picco, Pierre 2017-07-01 In this work, we study the problem of getting quasi-additive bounds for the Hamiltonian of the long range Ising model, when the two-body interaction term decays proportionally to 1/d2 -α , α ∈(0,1 ) . We revisit the paper by Cassandro et al. [J. Math. Phys. 46, 053305 (2005)] where they extend to the case α ∈[0 ,ln3/ln2 -1 ) the result of the existence of a phase transition by using a Peierls argument given by Fröhlich and Spencer [Commun. Math. Phys. 84, 87-101 (1982)] for α =0 . The main arguments of Cassandro et al. [J. Math. Phys. 46, 053305 (2005)] are based in a quasi-additive decomposition of the Hamiltonian in terms of hierarchical structures called triangles and contours, which are related to the original definition of contours introduced by Fröhlich and Spencer [Commun. Math. Phys. 84, 87-101 (1982)]. In this work, we study the existence of a quasi-additive decomposition of the Hamiltonian in terms of the contours defined in the work of Cassandro et al. [J. Math. Phys. 46, 053305 (2005)]. The most relevant result obtained is Theorem 4.3 where we show that there is a quasi-additive decomposition for the Hamiltonian in terms of contours when α ∈[0,1 ) but not in terms of triangles. The fact that it cannot be a quasi-additive bound in terms of triangles lead to a very interesting maximization problem whose maximizer is related to a discrete Cantor set. As a consequence of the quasi-additive bounds, we prove that we can generalise the [Cassandro et al., J. Math. Phys. 46, 053305 (2005)] result, that is, a Peierls argument, to the whole interval α ∈[0,1 ) . We also state here the result of Cassandro et al. [Commun. Math. Phys. 327, 951-991 (2014)] about cluster expansions which implies that Theorem 2.4 that concerns interfaces and Theorem 2.5 that concerns n point truncated correlation functions in Cassandro et al. [Commun. Math. Phys. 327, 951-991 (2014)] are valid for all α ∈[0,1 ) instead of only α ∈[0 ,ln3/ln2 -1 ) . EDITORIAL: Special section on signal transduction Special section on signal transduction NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Shvartsman, Stanislav 2012-08-01 This special section of Physical Biology focuses on multiple aspects of signal transduction, broadly defined as the study of the mechanisms by which cells communicate with their environment. Mechanisms of cell communication involve detection of incoming signals, which can be chemical, mechanical or electromagnetic, relaying these signals to intracellular processes, such as cytoskeletal networks or gene expression systems, and, ultimately, converting these signals to responses such as cell differentiation or death. Given the multiscale nature of signal transduction systems, they must be studied at multiple levels, from the identities and structures of molecules comprising signal detection and interpretation networks, to the systems-level properties of these networks. The 11 papers in this special section illustrate some of the most exciting aspects of signal transduction research. The first two papers, by Marie-Anne Félix [1] and by Efrat Oron and Natalia Ivanova [2], focus on cell-cell interactions in developing tissues, using vulval patterning in worm and cell fate specification in mammalian embryos as prime examples of emergent cell behaviors. Next come two papers from the groups of Julio Saez-Rodriguez [3] and Kevin Janes [4]. These papers discuss how the causal relationships between multiple components of signaling systems can be inferred using multivariable statistical analysis of empirical data. An authoritative review by Zarnitsyna and Zhu [5] presents a detailed discussion of the sequence of signaling events involved in T-cell triggering. Once the structure and components of the signaling systems are determined, they can be modeled using approaches that have been successful in other physical sciences. As two examples of such approaches, reviews by Rubinstein [6] and Kholodenko [7], present reaction-diffusion models of cell polarization and thermodynamics-based models of gene regulation. An important class of models takes the form of enzymatic networks, where a single molecule can participate in multiple types of interactions. Mathematical analysis of these models is discussed in the papers by Del Vecchio [8], Seaton and Krishnan [9], and Hatzimanikatis and colleagues [10]. Finally, all signaling systems are information processing devices. While this point is broadly accepted, there have been only a few attempts to apply information theory to experimental signaling systems. A review by Andre Levchenko and colleagues [11] provides a very clear introduction to information theory and its potential applications to signal transduction in cellular systems. References [1] Félix M-A 2012 Phys. Biol. 9 045001 [2] Oron E and Ivanova N 2012 Phys. Biol. 9 045002 [3] MacNamara A et al 2012 Phys. Biol. 9 045003 [4] Jensen K J and Janes K A 2012 Phys. Biol. 9 045004 [5] Zarnitsyna V and Zhu C 2012 Phys. Biol. 9 045005 [6] Rubinstein B et al 2012 Phys. Biol. 9 045006 [7] Frank T D et al 2012 Phys. Biol. 9 045007 [8] Del Vecchio D et al 2012 Phys. Biol. 9 045008 [9] Seaton D D and Krishnan J 2012 Phys. Biol. 9 045009 [10] Radivojevic A et al 2012 Phys. Biol. 9 045010 [11] Rhee A et al 2012 Phys. Biol. 9 045011 ep→epπ0 reaction studied in the Δ(1232) mass region using polarization asymmetries NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Biselli, A.; Adams, G. S.; Amaryan, M. J.; Anciant, E.; Anghinolfi, M.; Asavapibhop, B.; Asryan, G.; Audit, G.; Auger, T.; Avakian, H.; Barrow, S.; Battaglieri, M.; Beard, K.; Bektasoglu, M.; Bertozzi, W.; Bianchi, N.; Boiarinov, S.; Bonner, B. E.; Bosted, P.; Bouchigny, S.; Bradford, R.; Branford, D.; Brooks, W. K.; Bueltmann, S.; Burkert, V. D.; Calarco, J. R.; Carman, D. S.; Carnahan, B.; Cetina, C.; Ciciani, L.; Cole, P. L.; Coleman, A.; Connelly, J.; Cords, D.; Corvisiero, P.; Crabb, D.; Crannell, H.; Cummings, J.; de Sanctis, E.; de Vita, R.; Degtyarenko, P. V.; Demirchyan, R. A.; Denizli, H.; Dennis, L. C.; Dharmawardane, K. V.; Dhuga, K. S.; Djalali, C.; Dodge, G. E.; Domingo, J.; Doughty, D.; Dragovitsch, P.; Dugger, M.; Dytman, S.; Eckhause, M.; Efremenko, Y. V.; Egiyan, H.; Egiyan, K. S.; Elouadrhiri, L.; Empl, A.; Eugenio, P.; Farhi, L.; Fatemi, R.; Feuerbach, R. J.; Ficenec, J.; Fissum, K.; Forest, T. A.; Freyberger, A.; Frolov, V.; Funsten, H.; Gaff, S. J.; Gai, M.; Gavalian, G.; Gavrilov, V. B.; Gilad, S.; Gilfoyle, G. P.; Giovanetti, K. L.; Girard, P.; Golovatch, E.; Griffioen, K. A.; Guidal, M.; Guillo, M.; Guo, L.; Gyurjyan, V.; Hanock, D.; Hardie, J.; Heddle, D.; Hersman, F. W.; Hicks, K.; Hicks, R. S.; Holtrop, M.; Hu, J.; Hyde-Wright, C. E.; Ito, M. M.; Jenkins, D.; Joo, K.; Kelley, J. H.; Khandaker, M.; Kim, K. Y.; Kim, K.; Kim, W.; Klein, A.; Klein, F. J.; Klimenko, A. V.; Klusman, M.; Kossov, M.; Kramer, L. H.; Kuang, Y.; Kuhn, J.; Kuhn, S. E.; Lachniet, J.; Laget, J. M.; Lawrence, D.; Leksin, G. A.; Longhi, A.; Loukachine, K.; Major, R. W.; Manak, J. J.; Marchand, C.; Matthews, S. K.; McAleer, S.; McNabb, J. W.; McCarthy, J.; Mecking, B. A.; Mestayer, M. D.; Meyer, C. A.; Minehart, R.; Mirazita, M.; Miskimen, R.; Mokeev, V.; Muccifora, V.; Mueller, J.; Murphy, L. Y.; Mutchler, G. S.; Napolitano, J.; Nelson, S. O.; Niculescu, G.; Niczyporuk, B.; Niyazov, R. A.; Nozar, M.; O'Brien, J. T.; O'Rielly, G. V.; Ohandjanyan, M. S.; Osipenko, M.; Park, K.; Patois, Y.; Peterson, G. A.; Philips, S.; Pivnyuk, N.; Pocanic, D.; Pogorelko, O.; Polli, E.; Preedom, B. M.; Price, J. W.; Qin, L. M.; Raue, B. A.; Riccardi, G.; Ricco, G.; Ripani, M.; Ritchie, B. G.; Rock, S.; Ronchetti, F.; Rossi, P.; Rowntree, D.; Rubin, P. D.; Sabourov, K.; Salgado, C. W.; Sapunenko, V.; Sargsyan, M.; Schumacher, R. A.; Serov, V. S.; Sharabian, Y. G.; Shaw, J.; Shuvalov, S. M.; Simionatto, S.; Skabelin, A.; Smith, E. S.; Smith, L. C.; Smith, T.; Sober, D. I.; Sorrell, L.; Spraker, M.; Stepanyan, S.; Stoler, P.; Strakovsky, I. I.; Taiuti, M.; Taylor, S.; Tedeschi, D.; Thoma, U.; Thompson, R.; Todor, L.; Tung, T. Y.; Tur, C.; Ungaro, M.; Vineyard, M. F.; Vlassov, A.; Wang, K.; Weinstein, L. B.; Weller, H.; Welsh, R.; Weygand, D. P.; Whisnant, S.; Witkowski, M.; Wolin, E.; Yegneswaran, A.; Yun, J.; Zhang, B.; Zhao, J.; Zhou, Z. 2003-09-01 Measurements of the angular distributions of target and double-spin asymmetries for the Δ+(1232) in the exclusive channel p→(e→,e'p)π0 obtained at the Jefferson Lab in the Q2 range from 0.5 to 1.5 GeV2/c2 are presented. Results of the asymmetries are compared with the unitary isobar model [D. Drechsel et al., Nucl. Phys. A645, 145 (1999)], dynamical models [T. Sato and T. S. Lee, Phys. Rev. C 54, 2660 (1996); S. S. Kamalov et al., Phys. Lett. B 27, 522 (2001)], and the effective Lagrangian theory [R. M. Davidson et al., Phys. Rev. D 43, 71 (1991)]. Sensitivity to the different models was observed, particularly in relation to the description of background terms on which the target asymmetry depends significantly. Thermal solitons as revealed by the static structure factor NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Gawryluk, Krzysztof; Brewczyk, Mirosław; Rzążewski, Kazimierz 2017-04-01 We study, within a framework of the classical fields approximation, the static structure factor of a weakly interacting Bose gas at thermal equilibrium. As in a recent experiment [R. Schley et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 055301 (2013), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.055301], we find that the thermal distribution of phonons in a three-dimensional Bose gas follows the Planck distribution. On the other hand we find a disagreement between the Planck and phonon (calculated just as for the bulk gas) distributions in the case of elongated quasi-one-dimensional systems. We attribute this discrepancy to the existence of spontaneous dark solitons [i.e., thermal solitons as reported in T. Karpiuk et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 205302 (2012), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.205302] in an elongated Bose gas at thermal equilibrium. Photodisintegration cross section of the reaction 4He(γ,n)3He at the giant dipole resonance peak NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Tornow, W.; Kelley, J. H.; Raut, R.; Rusev, G.; Tonchev, A. P.; Ahmed, M. W.; Crowell, A. S.; Stave, S. C. 2012-06-01 The photodisintegration cross section of 4He into a neutron and helion was measured at incident photon energies of 27.0, 27.5, and 28.0 MeV. A high-pressure 4He-Xe gas scintillator served as target and detector while a pure Xe gas scintillator was used for background measurements. A NaI detector in combination with the standard HIγS scintillator paddle system was employed for absolute photon-flux determination. Our data are in good agreement with the theoretical prediction of the Trento group and the recent data of Nilsson [Phys. Rev. CPRVCAN0556-281310.1103/PhysRevC.75.014007 75, 014007 (2007)] but deviate considerably from the high-precision data of Shima [Phys. Rev. CPRVCAN0556-281310.1103/PhysRevC.72.044004 72, 044004 (2005)]. Reply to "Comment on `Acoustical observation of bubble oscillations induced by bubble popping' " NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Ding, Junqi 2015-03-01 We reported on the sound pressure generated by aqueous foam bursts in our paper [Ding et al., Phys. Rev. E 75, 041601 (2007), 10.1103/PhysRevE.75.041601]. Blanc et al., [Phys. Rev. E 91, 036401 (2015), 10.1103/PhysRevE.91.036401] found that sound from one of three mechanisms of bubble burst (the prepopping) actually results from an acausal artifact of the signal processing performed by their acquisition system which lies outside of its prescribed working frequency range. We examined the same hardware used in our paper and found that the frequency range is not the cause of the artifact. The prepopping sound was a result from a built-in finite impulse response filter of analog-to-digital converters in the Brüel & Kjær data acquisition system. Parameterization of fission barrier heights of medium, heavy and super heavy nuclei NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Manjunatha, H. C. 2017-12-01 A new semi empirical formula is proposed for fission barrier heights of medium, heavy and super heavy nuclei in the atomic number region 50 ≤ Z ≤ 130. The fitting parameters for the proposed formula are obtained by making a polynomial fit to the available theoretical and experimental data. The calculated fission barrier heights are compared with that of experiments and other theoretical models such as SHF(SLy6) (Burvenich et al. in Phys Rev C 69:014307, 2004), SHFB(SkM) (Baran et al. in Nucl Phys A 944:442, 2015), FRLDM (Möller et al. in Phys Rev C 79:064304, 2009), ETFSI (SkSC4) with Skyrme SkSC4 force (Mamdouh et al. in Nucl Phys A 679:337, 2001), WS (Kowal et al. in Phys Rev C 82:014303, 2010) and CDFT(DD-ME2) (Abusara et al. in Phys Rev C 85:024314, 2012). The standard deviation for fission barrier heights produced by present formula is evaluated. The good agreement of present formula with the experiments and other models suggests that the present formula could be used to evaluate the fission barrier heights of medium, heavy and super heavy nuclei in the region 50 ≤ Z ≤ 130. This formula is a first of its kind that produces fission barrier heights of 2858 nuclei with the only simple inputs of only neutron number (N), proton number (Z) and mass number (A). NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Cohen, B. I. 2005-10-01 Two-dimensional simulations of stimulated Brillouin backscattering (SBBS) with the BZOHAR^1 code have been extended to include ion-ion collisions and spatial nonuniformity in the mean ion flow. BZOHAR hybrid simulations (particle-in-cell kinetic ions and Boltzmann fluid electrons) have shown^2 that SBBS saturation is dominated by ion trapping effects and secondary instability of the primary ion wave (decay into subharmonic ion waves and ion quasi-modes). Here we address the effects of ion collisions^3 on SBBS saturation and employ the efficient Langevin ion collision algorithm of Ref. 4 and the Fokker-Planck collision operator of Ref. 5. We also report simulations of SBBS with a linear gradient in the mean ion drift, which in conjunction with the nonlinear frequency shift due to ion trapping can introduce auto-resonance effects that may enhance reflectivities.^6 For SBBS in a high-gain limit with ion collisions or inhomogeneity, we find that ion trapping and secondary ion wave instabilities are robust saturation mechanisms. *Work performed for US DOE by UC LLNL under Contr. W-7405-ENG-48. ^1B.I. Cohen, et al., Phys. Plasmas 4, 956 (1997). ^2B.I. Cohen, et al., Phys. Plasmas, 12, 052703 (2005),. ^ 3P.W. Rambo, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 83 (1997). ^ 4M.E. Jones, et al., J. Comp. Phys. 123, 169, (1996). ^ 5W. M. Manheimer, et al., J. Comp. Phys. 138, 563 (1997). ^ 6E.A. Williams, et al., Phys. Plasmas 11, 231 (2004). Pyrochlore Oxide Superconductor Cd2Re2O7 Revisited NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Hiroi, Zenji; Yamaura, Jun-ichi; Kobayashi, Tatsuo C.; Matsubayashi, Yasuhito; Hirai, Daigorou 2018-02-01 The superconducting pyrochlore oxide Cd2Re2O7 is revisited with a particular emphasis on the sample-quality issue. The compound has drawn attention as the only superconductor (Tc = 1.0 K) that has been found in the family of α-pyrochlore oxides since its discovery in 2001. Moreover, it exhibits two characteristic structural transitions from the cubic pyrochlore structure, with the inversion symmetry broken at the first one at 200 K. Recently, it has attracted increasing attention as a candidate spin-orbit coupled metal (SOCM), in which specific Fermi liquid instability is expected to lead to an odd-parity order with spontaneous inversion-symmetry breaking [ Parameterization of fission barrier heights of medium, heavy and super heavy nuclei NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Manjunatha, H. C. 2018-04-01 A new semi empirical formula is proposed for fission barrier heights of medium, heavy and super heavy nuclei in the atomic number region 50 ≤ Z ≤ 130. The fitting parameters for the proposed formula are obtained by making a polynomial fit to the available theoretical and experimental data. The calculated fission barrier heights are compared with that of experiments and other theoretical models such as SHF(SLy6) (Burvenich et al. in Phys Rev C 69:014307, 2004), SHFB(SkM) (Baran et al. in Nucl Phys A 944:442, 2015), FRLDM (Möller et al. in Phys Rev C 79:064304, 2009), ETFSI (SkSC4) with Skyrme SkSC4 force (Mamdouh et al. in Nucl Phys A 679:337, 2001), WS (Kowal et al. in Phys Rev C 82:014303, 2010) and CDFT(DD-ME2) (Abusara et al. in Phys Rev C 85:024314, 2012). The standard deviation for fission barrier heights produced by present formula is evaluated. The good agreement of present formula with the experiments and other models suggests that the present formula could be used to evaluate the fission barrier heights of medium, heavy and super heavy nuclei in the region 50 ≤ Z ≤ 130. This formula is a first of its kind that produces fission barrier heights of 2858 nuclei with the only simple inputs of only neutron number (N), proton number (Z) and mass number (A). Fault-tolerant logical gates in quantum error-correcting codes NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Pastawski, Fernando; Yoshida, Beni 2015-01-01 Recently, S. Bravyi and R. König [Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 170503 (2013), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.170503] have shown that there is a trade-off between fault-tolerantly implementable logical gates and geometric locality of stabilizer codes. They consider locality-preserving operations which are implemented by a constant-depth geometrically local circuit and are thus fault tolerant by construction. In particular, they show that, for local stabilizer codes in D spatial dimensions, locality-preserving gates are restricted to a set of unitary gates known as the D th level of the Clifford hierarchy. In this paper, we explore this idea further by providing several extensions and applications of their characterization to qubit stabilizer and subsystem codes. First, we present a no-go theorem for self-correcting quantum memory. Namely, we prove that a three-dimensional stabilizer Hamiltonian with a locality-preserving implementation of a non-Clifford gate cannot have a macroscopic energy barrier. This result implies that non-Clifford gates do not admit such implementations in Haah's cubic code and Michnicki's welded code. Second, we prove that the code distance of a D -dimensional local stabilizer code with a nontrivial locality-preserving m th -level Clifford logical gate is upper bounded by O (LD +1 -m) . For codes with non-Clifford gates (m >2 ), this improves the previous best bound by S. Bravyi and B. Terhal [New. J. Phys. 11, 043029 (2009), 10.1088/1367-2630/11/4/043029]. Topological color codes, introduced by H. Bombin and M. A. Martin-Delgado [Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 180501 (2006), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.180501; Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 160502 (2007), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.160502; Phys. Rev. B 75, 075103 (2007), 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.075103], saturate the bound for m =D . Third, we prove that the qubit erasure threshold for codes with a nontrivial transversal m th -level Clifford logical gate is upper bounded by 1 /m . This implies that no family of fault-tolerant codes with transversal gates in increasing level of the Clifford hierarchy may exist. This result applies to arbitrary stabilizer and subsystem codes and is not restricted to geometrically local codes. Fourth, we extend the result of Bravyi and König to subsystem codes. Unlike stabilizer codes, the so-called union lemma does not apply to subsystem codes. This problem is avoided by assuming the presence of an error threshold in a subsystem code, and a conclusion analogous to that of Bravyi and König is recovered. Cascade Model of Ionization Multiplication of Electrons in Glow Discharge Plasma NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Romanenko, V. A.; Solodky, S. A.; Kudryavtsev, A. A.; Suleymanov, I. A. 1996-10-01 For determination of EDF in non-uniform fields a Monte-Carlo simulation(Tran Ngoc An et al., J.Phys.D: Appl. Phys. 10, 2317 (1977))^,(J.P. Boeuf et al., Phys.D: Appl.Phys. 15, 2169 (1982)) is applied. As alternative multi-beam cascade model(H.B. Valentini, Contrib.Plasma Phys. 27, 331 (1987)) is offered. Our model eliminates defects of that model and enables to determine EDF of low pressure plasma in non-uniform fields. A cascade model (with EDF dividing in monoenergetic electron groups) for arbitrary electric potential profile was used. Modeling was carried out for electron forward scattering only, constant electron mean free path; ionization was considered only. The equation system was solved for the region with kinetic energies more than ionization energy. The boundary conditions (on ionization energy curve) take into account electron transitions from higher-lying level in the less than ionization energy region and secondary electron production. The problem solution in analytical functions was obtained. The insertion of additional processes does not make significant difficulties. EDF and electrokinetical parameters in helium from numerical calculations are well agreed with above-mentioned authors. Work was carried out under RFFI (project N 96-02-18417) support. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Kotschenreuther, Mike; Valanju, Prashant; Covele, Brent; Mahajan, Swadesh 2014-05-01 Relying on coil positions relative to the plasma, the "Comment on `Magnetic geometry and physics of advanced divertors: The X-divertor and the snowflake' " [Phys. Plasmas 21, 054701 (2014)], emphasizes a criterion for divertor characterization that was critiqued to be ill posed [M. Kotschenreuther et al., Phys. Plasmas 20, 102507 (2013)]. We find that no substantive physical differences flow from this criteria. However, using these criteria, the successful NSTX experiment by Ryutov et al. [Phys. Plasmas 21, 054701 (2014)] has the coil configuration of an X-divertor (XD), rather than a snowflake (SF). On completing the divertor index (DI) versus distance graph for this NSTX shot (which had an inexplicably missing region), we find that the DI is like an XD for most of the outboard wetted divertor plate. Further, the "proximity condition," used to define an SF [M. Kotschenreuther et al., Phys. Plasmas 20, 102507 (2013)], does not have a substantive physics basis to override metrics based on flux expansion and line length. Finally, if the criteria of the comment are important, then the results of NSTX-like experiments could have questionable applicability to reactors. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Colombant, Denis; Manheimer, Wallace; Busquet, Michel 2004-11-01 A simple steady-state model using flux-limiters by Day et al [1] showed that temperature profiles could formally be double-valued. Stability of temperature profiles in laser-driven temperature fronts using delocalization models was also discussed by Prasad and Kershaw [2]. We have observed steepening of the front and flattening of the maximum temperature in laser-driven implosions [3]. Following the simple model first proposed in [1], we solve for a two-boundary value steady-state heat flow problem for various non-local heat transport models. For the more complicated models [4,5], we obtain the steady-state solution as the asymptotic limit of the time-dependent solution. Solutions will be shown and compared for these various models. 1.M.Day, B.Merriman, F.Najmabadi and R.W.Conn, Contrib. Plasma Phys. 36, 419 (1996) 2.M.K.Prasad and D.S.Kershaw, Phys. Fluids B3, 3087 (1991) 3.D.Colombant, W.Manheimer and M.Busquet, Bull. Amer. Phys. Soc. 48, 326 (2003) 4.E.M.Epperlein and R.W.Short, Phys. Fluids B3, 3092 (1991) 5.W.Manheimer and D.Colombant, Phys. Plasmas 11, 260 (2004) NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Shizgal, Bernie D.; Chikhaoui, Aziz 2006-06-01 The present paper considers a detailed analysis of the nonequilibrium effects for a model reactive system with the Chapman-Eskog (CE) solution of the Boltzmann equation as well as an explicit time dependent solution. The elastic cross sections employed are a hard sphere cross section and the Maxwell molecule cross section. Reactive cross sections which model reactions with and without activation energy are used. A detailed comparison is carried out with these solutions of the Boltzmann equation and the approximation introduced by Cukrowski and coworkers [J. Chem. Phys. 97 (1992) 9086; Chem. Phys. 89 (1992) 159; Physica A 188 (1992) 344; Chem. Phys. Lett. A 297 (1998) 402; Physica A 275 (2000) 134; Chem. Phys. Lett. 341 (2001) 585; Acta Phys. Polonica B 334 (2003) 3607.] based on the temperature of the reactive particles. We show that the Cukrowski approximation has limited applicability for the large class of reactive systems studied in this paper. The explicit time dependent solutions of the Boltzmann equation demonstrate that the CE approach is valid only for very slow reactions for which the corrections to the equilibrium rate coefficient are very small. Comment on "Measurements without probabilities in the final state proposal" NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Cohen, Eliahu; Nowakowski, Marcin 2018-04-01 The final state proposal [G. T. Horowitz and J. M. Maldacena, J. High Energy Phys. 04 (2004) 008, 10.1088/1126-6708/2004/04/008] is an attempt to relax the apparent tension between string theory and semiclassical arguments regarding the unitarity of black hole evaporation. Authors Bousso and Stanford [Phys. Rev. D 89, 044038 (2014), 10.1103/PhysRevD.89.044038] analyze thought experiments where an infalling observer first verifies the entanglement between early and late Hawking modes and then verifies the interior purification of the same Hawking particle. They claim that "probabilities for outcomes of these measurements are not defined" and therefore suggest that "the final state proposal does not offer a consistent alternative to the firewall hypothesis." We show, in contrast, that one may define all the relevant probabilities based on the so-called ABL rule [Y. Aharonov, P. G. Bergmann, and J. L. Lebowitz, Phys. Rev. 134, B1410 (1964), 10.1103/PhysRev.134.B1410], which is better suited for this task than the decoherence functional. We thus assert that the analysis of Bousso and Stanford cannot yet rule out the final state proposal. Instabilities of coupled Cu2O5 ladders NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Schuetz, Florian; Marston, Brad 2008-03-01 The spin-ladder compound Sr14-xCaxCu24O41 has a complex phase diagram including charge-density-wave order as well as unconventional superconductivity under high pressure. Due to its quasi-one-dimensional natureootnotetextS. Lee, J. B. Marston, J. O. Fjaerestad, Phys. Rev. B 72, 075126. fundamental questions about the high-Tc cuprates might be more easily addressed in this context. However, due to the spatial proximity of neighboring ladders inter-ladder Coulomb repulsion as well as hopping between ladders might still be important. Using the functional renormalization groupootnotetextM. Salmhofer and C. Honerkamp, Prog. Theor. Physics 105, 1 (2001). and an analysis of generalized susceptibilities ootnotetextD. Zanchi and H. J. Schulz, Phys. Rev. B 61, 13609 (2000); C. J. Halboth and W. Metzner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 5162 (2000)., we study a model of coupled Cu2O5 ladders ootnotetextK. Wohlfeld, A. M. Oles, and G. A. Sawatzky, Phys. Rev. B 75, 180501(R) (2007).. We investigate instabilities towards charge, spin, and pairing order as a function of hole doping, inter-ladder hopping, and interaction strength starting from experimentally relevant hopping parametersootnotetextT. F. A. Müller, et al., Phys. Rev. B 57, R12655 (1998).. Surface phonons in the topological insulators Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3 NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Boulares, Ibrahim; Shi, Guangsha; Kioupakis, Emmanouil; Lošťák, Petr; Uher, Ctirad; Merlin, Roberto 2018-03-01 Raman scattering [K. M. F. Shahil et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 153103 (2010), V. Gnezdilov et al., Phys. Rev. B 84, 195118 (2011) and H. -H. Kung et al., Phys. Rev. B 95, 245406 (2017)], inelastic helium scattering [X. Zhu et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 186102 (2011)] and photoemission experiments [J. A. Sobota et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 157401 (2014)] on the topological insulators Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3 show features in the range ∼ 50-160 cm-1, which have been assigned alternatively to Raman-forbidden, bulk infrared modes arising from symmetry breaking at the surface or to surface phonons, which couple to the topologically protected electronic states. Here, we present temperature- and wavelength- dependent Raman studies showing additional modes we ascribe to surface phonons in both Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3. Our assignment is supported by density functional theory calculations revealing surface phonons at frequencies close to those of the extra peaks in the Raman data. The theoretical results also indicate that these modes are not a consequence of spin-orbit coupling and, thus, that their occurrence is unrelated to the topological properties of these materials. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Ritz, Steven M. 2012-01-01 The Physics of the Cosmos (PCOS) Program Analysis Group (PhysPAG) provides an important interface between the scientific community and NASA in matters related to PCOS objectives. An Executive Committee facilitates the work of several subgroups, including a Technology Science Analysis Group and an Inflation Probe Science Analysis Group. Work is also starting in areas of X-ray, gamma-ray, and gravitational wave astrophysics. The PAG reports to the Astrophysics Subcommittee of the NASA Advisory Council. A summary of PhysPAG activities will be given, along with time for questions and discussion. Basic Research in Electronics (JSEP) 1991-12-01 Single Crystal Growth Single crystals of Bi2Sr 2 CaCu2 O8 (BSCCO) have been prepared following the method of Mitzi , et al. [241. A mixture of oxides...P.C. van Son, H. van Kempen and P. Wyder, Phys. Rev. Lett., 50 2226 (1987). [24] D.B. Mitzi , L.W. Lombardo, A. Kapitulnik,/S.S. 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D. 8, 141 (1975). 23)Alge, E., Adams Optimal Universal Uncertainty Relations Li, Tao; Xiao, Yunlong; Ma, Teng; Fei, Shao-Ming; Jing, Naihuan; Li-Jost, Xianqing; Wang, Zhi-Xi 2016-01-01 We study universal uncertainty relations and present a method called joint probability distribution diagram to improve the majorization bounds constructed independently in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 230401 (2013)] and [J. Phys. A. 46, 272002 (2013)]. The results give rise to state independent uncertainty relations satisfied by any nonnegative Schur-concave functions. On the other hand, a remarkable recent result of entropic uncertainty relation is the direct-sum majorization relation. In this paper, we illustrate our bounds by showing how they provide a complement to that in [Phys. Rev. A. 89, 052115 (2014)]. PMID:27775010 2012-01-18 sidewall interband cascade lasers with single-mode midwave-infrared emission at room tempera- ture,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 231103 (2009). 5. J. V. Li...R. Q. Yang, C. J. 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Smith, Phys.Rev.Lett. 61, 2257 (-1988) 3. D.M. Mills, SPIE 1-345, 125 -(1990) 4. H . Onuki , Nuci. Instr. Meth. A246, 94...Science Foundation under-Contract No. DMR-86-03304. References 1. W. Weber, D.-A. Wesner, G. Guntherodt, and U. Linke, Phys.- Rev.Lett.-66, 942(1991). 2. H ...ICAL. REkVIEW LETtPS "-i58’Y cial issue 6of App!- Phys. A 49- 01989). [31-L. M. Falicov-D. T. Pierce, S. D. ’Bader,-R;’.Gronsky, K B. lihaway H J Hoit NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Sarlis, N. V.; Skordas, E. S.; Varotsos, P. 2009-12-01 A new time domain, termed natural time χ, has been introduced by the authors[1]. This enables, among others, the distinction of Seismic Electric Signals (SES), which are low frequency geoelectric signals (≤1Hz) characterized by critical dynamics and precede earthquakes, from noise emitted from human made sources[2]. If one analyzes in natural time the seismicity subsequent to the SES by using an appropriately constructed network of earthquakes, the time of the impending mainshock can be identified within a few days[3-8]. The values of natural time specify the nodes of this network. Examples are presented, which include the prediction of the largest earthquake that occurred in Greece during the last twenty five years [9]. These examples provide evidence that natural time in conjunction with network theory is beneficial for the prediction of extreme events in seismology[3-6,8] and volcanology[7]. References: [1] P.A. Varotsos, N.V. Sarlis, and E.S. Skordas, Phys. Rev. E 66 , 011902 (2002). [2] P.A. Varotsos, N.V. Sarlis, and E.S. Skordas, Phys. Rev. E 67 , 021109 (2003); 68 , 031106 (2003); Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 148501(2003). [3] P.A. Varotsos, N.V. Sarlis, H.K. Tanaka, and E.S. Skordas, Phys. Rev. E 72, 041103 (2005). [4] P. A. Varotsos, N. V. Sarlis, E. S. Skordas, H. K. Tanaka, and M. S. Lazaridou, Phys. Rev. E 73 , 031114 (2006); 74 , 021123 (2006). [5] P. A. Varotsos, N. V. Sarlis, E. S. Skordas, and M. S. Lazaridou, J. Appl. Phys. 103 , 014906 (2008). [6] N. V. Sarlis, E. S. Skordas, M. S. Lazaridou, and P. A. Varotsos, Proc. Jpn. Acad., Ser. B: Phys. Biol. Sci. 84 , 331 (2008) [7] S. Uyeda, M. Kamogawa and H. Tanaka, J. Geophys. Res. 114, B02310 (2009). [8] P. A. Varotsos, N. V. Sarlis and E. S. Skordas, CHAOS 19 , 023114 (2009). [9] Uyeda, S., and Kamogawa, M. Eos Trans. AGU 89 , 363 (2008). On the optimality of individual entangling-probe attacks against BB84 quantum key distribution NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Herbauts, I. M.; Bettelli, S.; Hã¼bel, H.; Peev, M. 2008-02-01 Some MIT researchers [Phys. Rev. A 75, 042327 (2007)] have recently claimed that their implementation of the Slutsky-Brandt attack [Phys. Rev. A 57, 2383 (1998); Phys. Rev. A 71, 042312 (2005)] to the BB84 quantum-key-distribution (QKD) protocol puts the security of this protocol “to the test” by simulating “the most powerful individual-photon attack” [Phys. Rev. A 73, 012315 (2006)]. A related unfortunate news feature by a scientific journal [G. Brumfiel, Quantum cryptography is hacked, News @ Nature (april 2007); Nature 447, 372 (2007)] has spurred some concern in the QKD community and among the general public by misinterpreting the implications of this work. The present article proves the existence of a stronger individual attack on QKD protocols with encrypted error correction, for which tight bounds are shown, and clarifies why the claims of the news feature incorrectly suggest a contradiction with the established “old-style” theory of BB84 individual attacks. The full implementation of a quantum cryptographic protocol includes a reconciliation and a privacy-amplification stage, whose choice alters in general both the maximum extractable secret and the optimal eavesdropping attack. The authors of [Phys. Rev. A 75, 042327 (2007)] are concerned only with the error-free part of the so-called sifted string, and do not consider faulty bits, which, in the version of their protocol, are discarded. When using the provably superior reconciliation approach of encrypted error correction (instead of error discard), the Slutsky-Brandt attack is no more optimal and does not “threaten” the security bound derived by Lütkenhaus [Phys. Rev. A 59, 3301 (1999)]. It is shown that the method of Slutsky and collaborators [Phys. Rev. A 57, 2383 (1998)] can be adapted to reconciliation with error correction, and that the optimal entangling probe can be explicitly found. Moreover, this attack fills Lütkenhaus bound, proving that it is tight (a fact which was not previously known). High Tc: The Discovery of RBCO NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Chu, C. W. 2007-03-01 It was said by Emerson that ``there is no history; there is only biography.'' This is especially true when the events are recounted by a person who, himself, has been heavily involved and the line between history and autobiography can become blurred. However, it is reasonable to say that discovery itself is not a series of accidents but an inevitable product of each development stage of scientific knowledge as was also pointed out by Holden et al. (1) The discovery of RBCO (2,3) with R = Y, La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu is no exception. In this presentation, I will briefly recount several events that were crucial to the discovery of RBCO: those before 1986 (4) that sowed the seeds in our group important to our later high temperature superconductivity effort; those in 1986 (5) that were critical to our discovery of the 93 K RBCO soon after the discovery of the 35 K high temperature superconductor by M"uller and Bednorz (6); and those in 1987 when the barrier of the liquid nitrogen boiling temperature of 77 K was finally conquered. 1. G. J. Holton et al., American Scientist 84, 364 (1996). 2. M. K. Wu et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 908 (1987). 3. P. H. Hor et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 1891 (1987). 4. C. W. Chu et al., S. S. Comm. 18, 977 (1976); C. W. Chu and V. Diatchenko, Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 572 (1978); T. H. Lin et al., Phys. Rev. B(RC) 29, 1493 (1984); J. H. Lin et al., J. Low Temp. Phys. 58, 363 (1985). 5. C. W. Chu et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 405 (1987); C. W. Chu et al., Science 235, 567 (1987). 6. J. G. Bednorz and K. A. M"uller, Z. Phys. B64, 189 (1986). Finite-size scaling in the system of coupled oscillators with heterogeneity in coupling strength NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Hong, Hyunsuk 2017-07-01 We consider a mean-field model of coupled phase oscillators with random heterogeneity in the coupling strength. The system that we investigate here is a minimal model that contains randomness in diverse values of the coupling strength, and it is found to return to the original Kuramoto model [Y. Kuramoto, Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 79, 223 (1984), 10.1143/PTPS.79.223] when the coupling heterogeneity disappears. According to one recent paper [H. Hong, H. Chaté, L.-H. Tang, and H. Park, Phys. Rev. E 92, 022122 (2015), 10.1103/PhysRevE.92.022122], when the natural frequency of the oscillator in the system is "deterministically" chosen, with no randomness in it, the system is found to exhibit the finite-size scaling exponent ν ¯=5 /4 . Also, the critical exponent for the dynamic fluctuation of the order parameter is found to be given by γ =1 /4 , which is different from the critical exponents for the Kuramoto model with the natural frequencies randomly chosen. Originally, the unusual finite-size scaling behavior of the Kuramoto model was reported by Hong et al. [H. Hong, H. Chaté, H. Park, and L.-H. Tang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 184101 (2007), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.184101], where the scaling behavior is found to be characterized by the unusual exponent ν ¯=5 /2 . On the other hand, if the randomness in the natural frequency is removed, it is found that the finite-size scaling behavior is characterized by a different exponent, ν ¯=5 /4 [H. Hong, H. Chaté, L.-H. Tang, and H. Park, Phys. Rev. E 92, 022122 (2015), 10.1103/PhysRevE.92.022122]. Those findings brought about our curiosity and led us to explore the effects of the randomness on the finite-size scaling behavior. In this paper, we pay particular attention to investigating the finite-size scaling and dynamic fluctuation when the randomness in the coupling strength is considered. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV) Paziresh, M.; Kingston, A. M., E-mail: andrew.kingston@anu.edu.au; Latham, S. J. Dual-energy computed tomography and the Alvarez and Macovski [Phys. Med. Biol. 21, 733 (1976)] transmitted intensity (AMTI) model were used in this study to estimate the maps of density (ρ) and atomic number (Z) of mineralogical samples. In this method, the attenuation coefficients are represented [Alvarez and Macovski, Phys. Med. Biol. 21, 733 (1976)] in the form of the two most important interactions of X-rays with atoms that is, photoelectric absorption (PE) and Compton scattering (CS). This enables material discrimination as PE and CS are, respectively, dependent on the atomic number (Z) and density (ρ) of materials [Alvarez and Macovski,more » Phys. Med. Biol. 21, 733 (1976)]. Dual-energy imaging is able to identify sample materials even if the materials have similar attenuation coefficients at single-energy spectrum. We use the full model rather than applying one of several applied simplified forms [Alvarez and Macovski, Phys. Med. Biol. 21, 733 (1976); Siddiqui et al., SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition (Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2004); Derzhi, U.S. patent application 13/527,660 (2012); Heismann et al., J. Appl. Phys. 94, 2073–2079 (2003); Park and Kim, J. Korean Phys. Soc. 59, 2709 (2011); Abudurexiti et al., Radiol. Phys. Technol. 3, 127–135 (2010); and Kaewkhao et al., J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 109, 1260–1265 (2008)]. This paper describes the tomographic reconstruction of ρ and Z maps of mineralogical samples using the AMTI model. The full model requires precise knowledge of the X-ray energy spectra and calibration of PE and CS constants and exponents of atomic number and energy that were estimated based on fits to simulations and calibration measurements. The estimated ρ and Z images of the samples used in this paper yield average relative errors of 2.62% and 1.19% and maximum relative errors of 2.64% and 7.85%, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the method accounts for the beam hardening effect in density (ρ) and atomic number (Z) reconstructions to a significant extent.« less Reply to "Comment on `Route from discreteness to the continuum for the Tsallis q -entropy' " NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Oikonomou, Thomas; Bagci, G. Baris 2018-06-01 It has been known for some time that the usual q -entropy Sq(n ) cannot be shown to converge to the continuous case. In Phys. Rev. E 97, 012104 (2018), 10.1103/PhysRevE.97.012104, we have shown that the discrete q -entropy S˜q(n ) converges to the continuous case when the total number of states are properly taken into account in terms of a convergence factor. Ou and Abe [previous Comment, Phys. Rev. E 97, 066101 (2018), 10.1103/PhysRevE.97.066101] noted that this form of the discrete q -entropy does not conform to the Shannon-Khinchin expandability axiom. As a reply, we note that the fulfillment or not of the expandability property by the discrete q -entropy strongly depends on the origin of the convergence factor, presenting an example in which S˜q(n ) is expandable. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Zhu, Zheng; Ochoa, Andrew J.; Katzgraber, Helmut G. 2018-05-01 The search for problems where quantum adiabatic optimization might excel over classical optimization techniques has sparked a recent interest in inducing a finite-temperature spin-glass transition in quasiplanar topologies. We have performed large-scale finite-temperature Monte Carlo simulations of a two-dimensional square-lattice bimodal spin glass with next-nearest ferromagnetic interactions claimed to exhibit a finite-temperature spin-glass state for a particular relative strength of the next-nearest to nearest interactions [Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4616 (1996), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.4616]. Our results show that the system is in a paramagnetic state in the thermodynamic limit, despite zero-temperature simulations [Phys. Rev. B 63, 094423 (2001), 10.1103/PhysRevB.63.094423] suggesting the existence of a finite-temperature spin-glass transition. Therefore, deducing the finite-temperature behavior from zero-temperature simulations can be dangerous when corrections to scaling are large. Understanding quantum work in a quantum many-body system. Wang, Qian; Quan, H T 2017-03-01 Based on previous studies in a single-particle system in both the integrable [Jarzynski, Quan, and Rahav, Phys. Rev. X 5, 031038 (2015)2160-330810.1103/PhysRevX.5.031038] and the chaotic systems [Zhu, Gong, Wu, and Quan, Phys. Rev. E 93, 062108 (2016)1539-375510.1103/PhysRevE.93.062108], we study the the correspondence principle between quantum and classical work distributions in a quantum many-body system. Even though the interaction and the indistinguishability of identical particles increase the complexity of the system, we find that for a quantum many-body system the quantum work distribution still converges to its classical counterpart in the semiclassical limit. Our results imply that there exists a correspondence principle between quantum and classical work distributions in an interacting quantum many-body system, especially in the large particle number limit, and further justify the definition of quantum work via two-point energy measurements in quantum many-body systems. Comparison of Exams for Active Learning Technologies vs. Traditional Lectures NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Hornstra, Andrew; Djordjevic, Branislav; Dworzecka, Maria 2017-01-01 George Mason University has first semester (PHYS-160) and second semester (PHYS-260) physics course which consist of two sections. One is a traditional lecture style format (TRAD) and the other is a newer format which is a take on the ``flipped'' classroom. This newer style is referred to as Active Learning with Technologies (ALT). This course style has been in place for several years and has been studied before within George Mason University for final grade differences. These studies suggested that the ALT sections performed better, but grade weighting consistency, test time, and test content were not strictly controlled. The purpose of this study is to cross-examine the performance of students in these different class formats during Fall 2016 (PHYS-260) and Spring 2015 (PHYS-160) on very nearly identical exams over identical test times while controlling for almost every variable. Nonlocality distillation and postquantum theories with trivial communication complexity. Brunner, Nicolas; Skrzypczyk, Paul 2009-04-24 We first present a protocol for deterministically distilling nonlocality, building upon a recent result of Forster et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 120401 (2009)10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.120401]. Our protocol, which is optimal for two-copy distillation, works efficiently for a specific class of postquantum nonlocal boxes, which we term correlated nonlocal boxes. In the asymptotic limit, all correlated nonlocal boxes are distilled to the maximally nonlocal box of Popescu and Rohrlich. Then, taking advantage of a result of Brassard et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 250401 (2006)10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.250401] we show that all correlated nonlocal boxes make communication complexity trivial, and therefore appear very unlikely to exist in nature. Astonishingly, some of these nonlocal boxes are arbitrarily close to the set of classical correlations. This result therefore gives new insight to the problem of why quantum nonlocality is limited. Precision theoretical analysis of neutron radiative beta decay to order O (α2/π2) NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Ivanov, A. N.; Höllwieser, R.; Troitskaya, N. I.; Wellenzohn, M.; Berdnikov, Ya. A. 2017-06-01 In the Standard Model (SM) we calculate the decay rate of the neutron radiative β- decay to order O (α2/π2˜10-5), where α is the fine-structure constant, and radiative corrections to order O (α /π ˜10-3). The obtained results together with the recent analysis of the neutron radiative β- decay to next-to-leading order in the large proton-mass expansion, performed by Ivanov et al. [Phys. Rev. D 95, 033007 (2017), 10.1103/PhysRevD.95.033007], describe recent experimental data by the RDK II Collaboration [Bales et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 242501 (2016), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.242501] within 1.5 standard deviations. We argue a substantial influence of strong low-energy interactions of hadrons coupled to photons on the properties of the amplitude of the neutron radiative β- decay under gauge transformations of real and virtual photons. Estimation of shear viscosity based on transverse momentum correlations NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) STAR Collaboration; Sharma, Monika; STAR Collaboration 2009-11-01 Event anisotropy measurements at RHIC suggest the strongly interacting matter created in heavy ion collisions flows with very little shear viscosity. Precise determination of “shear viscosity-to-entropy” ratio is currently a subject of extensive study [S. Gavin and M. Abdel-Aziz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 (2006) 162302]. We present preliminary results of measurements of the evolution of transverse momentum correlation function with collision centrality of Au+Au interactions at s=200 GeV. We compare two differential correlation functions, namely inclusive [J. Adams et al. (STAR Collaboration), Phys. Rev. C 72 (2005) 044902] and a differential version of the correlation measure C˜ introduced by Gavin et al. [S. Gavin and M. Abdel-Aziz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 (2006) 162302; M. Sharma and C. A. Pruneau, Phys. Rev. C 79 (2009) 024905.]. These observables can be used for the experimental study of the shear viscosity per unit entropy. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV) Vargas, M.; Schumaker, W.; He, Z.-H. 2014-04-28 High intensity, short pulse lasers can be used to accelerate electrons to ultra-relativistic energies via laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA) [T. Tajima and J. M. Dawson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 267 (1979)]. Recently, it was shown that separating the injection and acceleration processes into two distinct stages could prove beneficial in obtaining stable, high energy electron beams [Gonsalves et al., Nat. Phys. 7, 862 (2011); Liu et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 035001 (2011); Pollock et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 045001 (2011)]. Here, we use a stereolithography based 3D printer to produce two-stage gas targets for LWFA experiments on themore » HERCULES laser system at the University of Michigan. We demonstrate substantial improvements to the divergence, pointing stability, and energy spread of a laser wakefield accelerated electron beam compared with a single-stage gas cell or gas jet target.« less Brownian motion and entropic torque driven motion of domain walls in antiferromagnets NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Yan, Zhengren; Chen, Zhiyuan; Qin, Minghui; Lu, Xubing; Gao, Xingsen; Liu, Junming 2018-02-01 We study the spin dynamics in antiferromagnetic nanowire under an applied temperature gradient using micromagnetic simulations on a classical spin model with a uniaxial anisotropy. The entropic torque driven domain-wall motion and the Brownian motion are discussed in detail, and their competition determines the antiferromagnetic wall motion towards the hotter or colder region. Furthermore, the spin dynamics in an antiferromagnet can be well tuned by the anisotropy and the temperature gradient. Thus, this paper not only strengthens the main conclusions obtained in earlier works [Kim et al., Phys. Rev. B 92, 020402(R) (2015), 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.020402; Selzer et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 107201 (2016), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.107201], but more importantly gives the concrete conditions under which these conclusions apply, respectively. Our results may provide useful information on the antiferromagnetic spintronics for future experiments and storage device design. Position, spin, and orbital angular momentum of a relativistic electron NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Bliokh, Konstantin Y.; Dennis, Mark R.; Nori, Franco 2017-08-01 Motivated by recent interest in relativistic electron vortex states, we revisit the spin and orbital angular momentum properties of Dirac electrons. These are uniquely determined by the choice of the position operator for a relativistic electron. We consider two main approaches discussed in the literature: (i) the projection of operators onto the positive-energy subspace, which removes the Zitterbewegung effects and correctly describes spin-orbit interaction effects, and (ii) the use of Newton-Wigner-Foldy-Wouthuysen operators based on the inverse Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation. We argue that the first approach [previously described in application to Dirac vortex beams in K. Y. Bliokh et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 174802 (2011), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.174802] has a more natural physical interpretation, including spin-orbit interactions and a nonsingular zero-mass limit, than the second one [S. M. Barnett, Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 114802 (2017), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.114802]. Non-unique monopole oscillations of harmonically confined Yukawa systems NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Ducatman, Samuel; Henning, Christian; Kaehlert, Hanno; Bonitz, Michael 2008-11-01 Recently it was shown that the Breathing Mode (BM), the mode of uniform radial expansion and contraction, which is well known from harmonically confined Coulomb systems [1], does not exist in general for other systems [2]. As a consequence the monopole oscillation (MO), the radial collective excitation, is not unique, but there are several MO with different frequencies. Within this work we show simulation results of those monopole oscillations of 2-dimensional harmonically confined Yukawa systems, which are known from, e.g., dusty plasma crystals [3,4]. We present the corresponding spectrum of the particle motion, including analysis of the frequencies found, and compare with theoretical investigations.[1] D.H.E. Dubin and J.P. Schiffer, Phys. Rev. E 53, 5249 (1996)[2] C. Henning at al., accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett. (2008)[3] A. Melzer et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 115002 (2001)[4] M. Bonitz et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 075001 (2006) NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Xu, Xiao; Holzwarth, N. A. W. 2011-10-01 This paper presents the formulation and numerical implementation of a self-consistent treatment of orbital-dependent exchange-correlation functionals within the projector-augmented-wave method of Blöchl [Phys. Rev. BPRBMDO1098-012110.1103/PhysRevB.50.17953 50, 17953 (1994)] for electronic structure calculations. The methodology is illustrated with binding energy curves for C in the diamond structure and LiF in the rock salt structure, by comparing results from the Hartree-Fock (HF) formalism and the optimized effective potential formalism in the so-called KLI approximation [Krieger, Li, and Iafrate, Phys. Rev. APLRAAN1050-294710.1103/PhysRevA.45.101 45, 101 (1992)] with those of the local density approximation. While the work here uses pure Fock exchange only, the formalism can be extended to treat orbital-dependent functionals more generally. Light ion induced L X-ray production cross-sections in Au and Pb NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Ouziane, S.; Amokrane, A.; Toumert, I. 2008-04-01 Experimental proton-induced Lα, Lβ, Lγ, Lℓ and Ltot absolute X-ray production cross-sections for Au and Pb in the incident proton energy range between 1 and 2.5 MeV are presented. The experimental results for X-ray production cross-sections are compared to available data given in Sokhi and Crumpton [R.S. Sokhi, D. Crumpton, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 30 (1984) 49], Jesus et al. [A.P. Jesus, J.S. Lopes, J.P. Ribeiro, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Phys. 18 (1985) 2456; A.P. Jesus, T.M. Pinheiro, I.A. Nisa, J.P. Ribeiro, J.S. Lopes, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B15 (1986) 95] and Goudarzi et al. [M. Goudarzi, F. Shokouhi, M. Lamehi-Rachti, P.Olialiy, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B247 (2006) 218]. The given data are also compared with the predictions of ECPSSR model [W. Brandt, G. Lapicki, Phys. Rev. A23 (1981) 1717]. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Ćwikiel, K.; Matlak, M. 2006-03-01 We comment the Letter 'A novel experimental method: electrochemical detection of phase transition in ferroelectric single crystals', Chem. Phys. Lett. 384 (2004) 262 by K. Gatner and R. Jakubas. We indicate that the method used in this Letter is not 'A novel method' but the application of the method described in Refs. [M. Matlak, M. Pietruszka, E. Rówiński, Phys. Rev. B 63 (2001) 52101; M. Matlak, M. Pietruszka, E. Rówiński, Phys. Stat. Sol. A 184 (2001) 335; W. Gaweł, E. Zaleska, Z. Sztuba, Met. Sci. Eng. A 324 (2002) 255], well known to Gatner, but not cited in the commented Letter. Additionally Gatner, cooperating with us, has used our TGS samples and published the results in the commented Letter without our knowledge and permission. Recovering information of tunneling spectrum from weakly isolated horizon NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Chen, Ge-Rui; Huang, Yong-Chang 2015-02-01 In this paper we investigate the properties of tunneling spectrum from weakly isolated horizon (WIH)—a locally defined black hole. We find that there exist correlations among Hawking radiations from a WIH, information can be carried out by such correlations, and the radiation is an entropy conservation process. Through revisiting the calculation of the tunneling spectrum from a WIH, we find that Zhang et al.'s (Ann Phys 326:350, 2011) requirement that radiated particles have the same angular momenta of a unit mass as that of the black hole is unnecessary, and the energy and angular momenta of the emitted particles are very arbitrary, restricted only by keeping the cosmic censorship hypothesis of black holes. So we resolve the information loss paradox based on the method of Zhang et al. (Phys Lett B 675:98, 2009; Ann Phys 326:350, 2011; Int J Mod Phys D 22:1341014, 2013) in a general case. N-body simulations for f(R) gravity using a self-adaptive particle-mesh code NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Zhao, Gong-Bo; Li, Baojiu; Koyama, Kazuya 2011-02-01 We perform high-resolution N-body simulations for f(R) gravity based on a self-adaptive particle-mesh code MLAPM. The chameleon mechanism that recovers general relativity on small scales is fully taken into account by self-consistently solving the nonlinear equation for the scalar field. We independently confirm the previous simulation results, including the matter power spectrum, halo mass function, and density profiles, obtained by Oyaizu [Phys. Rev. DPRVDAQ1550-7998 78, 123524 (2008)10.1103/PhysRevD.78.123524] and Schmidt [Phys. Rev. DPRVDAQ1550-7998 79, 083518 (2009)10.1103/PhysRevD.79.083518], and extend the resolution up to k˜20h/Mpc for the measurement of the matter power spectrum. Based on our simulation results, we discuss how the chameleon mechanism affects the clustering of dark matter and halos on full nonlinear scales. BFACF-style algorithms for polygons in the body-centered and face-centered cubic lattices NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Janse van Rensburg, E. J.; Rechnitzer, A. 2011-04-01 In this paper, the elementary moves of the BFACF-algorithm (Aragão de Carvalho and Caracciolo 1983 Phys. Rev. B 27 1635-45, Aragão de Carvalho and Caracciolo 1983 Nucl. Phys. B 215 209-48, Berg and Foester 1981 Phys. Lett. B 106 323-6) for lattice polygons are generalized to elementary moves of BFACF-style algorithms for lattice polygons in the body-centered (BCC) and face-centered (FCC) cubic lattices. We prove that the ergodicity classes of these new elementary moves coincide with the knot types of unrooted polygons in the BCC and FCC lattices and so expand a similar result for the cubic lattice (see Janse van Rensburg and Whittington (1991 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 24 5553-67)). Implementations of these algorithms for knotted polygons using the GAS algorithm produce estimates of the minimal length of knotted polygons in the BCC and FCC lattices. Controlling resonant photonic transport along optical waveguides by two-level atoms NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Yan, Cong-Hua; Wei, Lian-Fu; Jia, Wen-Zhi; Shen, Jung-Tsung 2011-10-01 Recent works [Shen , Phys. Rev. Lett.PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.95.213001 95, 213001 (2005); Zhou , Phys. Rev. Lett.PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.101.100501 101, 100501 (2008)] showed that the incident photons cannot transmit along an optical waveguide containing a resonant two-level atom (TLA). Here we propose an approach to overcome such a difficulty by using asymmetric couplings between the photons and a TLA. Our numerical results show that the transmission spectrum of the photon depends on both the frequency of the incident photons and the photon-TLA couplings. Consequently, this system can serve as a controllable photon attenuator, by which the transmission probability of the resonantly incident photons can be changed from 0% to 100%. A possible application to explain the recent experimental observations [Astafiev , ScienceSCIEAS0036-807510.1126/science.1181918 327, 840 (2010)] is also discussed. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Ali, Halima; Punjabi, Alkesh; Boozer, Allen 2004-09-01 In our method of maps [Punjabi et al., Phy. Rev. Lett. 69, 3322 (1992), and Punjabi et al., J. Plasma Phys. 52, 91 (1994)], symplectic maps are used to calculate the trajectories of magnetic field lines in divertor tokamaks. Effects of the magnetic perturbations are calculated using the low MN map [Ali et al., Phys. Plasmas 11, 1908 (2004)] and the dipole map [Punjabi et al., Phys. Plasmas 10, 3992 (2003)]. The dipole map is used to calculate the effects of externally located current carrying coils on the trajectories of the field lines, the stochastic layer, the magnetic footprint, and the heat load distribution on the collector plates in divertor tokamaks [Punjabi et al., Phys. Plasmas 10, 3992 (2003)]. Symplectic maps are general, efficient, and preserve and respect the Hamiltonian nature of the dynamics. In this brief communication, a rigorous mathematical derivation of the dipole map is given. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Hamilton, Andrew J. S. 2017-10-01 Numerical evidence is presented that the Poisson-Israel mass inflation instability at the inner horizon of an accreting, rotating black hole is generically followed by Belinskii-Khalatnikov-Lifshitz oscillatory collapse to a spacelike singularity. The computation involves following all 6 degrees of freedom of the gravitational field. To simplify the problem, the computation takes as initial conditions the conformally separable solutions of Andrew J. S. Hamilton and Gavin Polhemus [Interior structure of rotating black holes. I. Concise derivation, Phys. Rev. D 84, 124055 (2011), 10.1103/PhysRevD.84.124055] and Andrew J. S. Hamilton [Interior structure of rotating black holes. II. Uncharged black holes, Phys. Rev. D 84, 124056 (2011), 10.1103/PhysRevD.84.124056] just above the inner horizon of a slowly accreting, rotating black hole and integrates the equations inward along single latitudes. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Fang, Dong-Liang; Faessler, Amand; Simkovic, Fedor 2015-10-01 In this work, we calculate the matrix elements for the 0 ν β β decay of 150Nd using the deformed quasiparticle random-phase approximation (p n -QRPA) method. We adopted the approach introduced by Rodin and Faessler [Phys. Rev. C 84, 014322 (2011), 10.1103/PhysRevC.84.014322] and Simkovic et al. [Phys. Rev. C 87, 045501 (2013), 10.1103/PhysRevC.87.045501] to restore the isospin symmetry by enforcing MF2 ν=0 . We found that with this restoration, the Fermi matrix elements are reduced in the strongly deformed 150Nd by about 15 to 20%, while the more important Gamow-Teller matrix elements remain the same. The results of an enlarged model space are also presented. This enlargement increases the total (Fermi plus Gamow-Teller) matrix elements by less than 10%. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Omiste, Juan J.; González-Férez, Rosario 2016-12-01 We present a theoretical study of the mixed-field-orientation of asymmetric-top molecules in tilted static electric field and nonresonant linearly polarized laser pulse by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. Within this framework, we compute the mixed-field orientation of a state-selected molecular beam of benzonitrile (C7H5N ) and compare with the experimental observations [J. L. Hansen et al., Phys. Rev. A 83, 023406 (2011), 10.1103/PhysRevA.83.023406] and with our previous time-independent descriptions [J. J. Omiste et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13, 18815 (2011), 10.1039/c1cp21195a]. For an excited rotational state, we investigate the field-dressed dynamics for several field configurations as those used in the mixed-field experiments. The nonadiabatic phenomena and their consequences on the rotational dynamics are analyzed in detail. Assessment of the GLLB-SC potential for solid-state properties and attempts for improvement NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Tran, Fabien; Ehsan, Sohaib; Blaha, Peter 2018-02-01 Based on the work of Gritsenko et al. (GLLB) [Phys. Rev. A 51, 1944 (1995), 10.1103/PhysRevA.51.1944], the method of Kuisma et al. [Phys. Rev. B 82, 115106 (2010), 10.1103/PhysRevB.82.115106] to calculate the band gap in solids was shown to be much more accurate than the common local density approximation (LDA) and generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The main feature of the GLLB-SC potential (SC stands for solid and correlation) is to lead to a nonzero derivative discontinuity that can be conveniently calculated and then added to the Kohn-Sham band gap for a comparison with the experimental band gap. In this work, a thorough comparison of GLLB-SC with other methods, e.g., the modified Becke-Johnson (mBJ) potential [Tran and Blaha, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 226401 (2009), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.226401], for electronic, magnetic, and density-related properties is presented. It is shown that for the band gap, GLLB-SC does not perform as well as mBJ for systems with a small band gap and strongly correlated systems, but is on average of similar accuracy as hybrid functionals. The results on itinerant metals indicate that GLLB-SC overestimates significantly the magnetic moment (much more than mBJ does), but leads to excellent results for the electric field gradient, for which mBJ is in general not recommended. In the aim of improving the results, variants of the GLLB-SC potential are also tested. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Cotton, Stephen J.; Igumenshchev, Kirill; Miller, William H. 2014-08-01 It has recently been shown [S. J. Cotton and W. H. Miller, J. Chem. Phys. 139, 234112 (2013)] that a symmetrical windowing quasi-classical (SQC) approach [S. J. Cotton and W. H. Miller, J. Phys. Chem. A 117, 7190 (2013)] applied to the Meyer-Miller model [H.-D. Meyer and W. H. Miller, J. Chem. Phys. 70, 3214 (1979)] for the electronic degrees of freedom in electronically non-adiabatic dynamics is capable of quantitatively reproducing quantum mechanical results for a variety of test applications, including cases where "quantum" coherence effects are significant. Here we apply this same SQC methodology, within a flux-side correlation function framework, to calculate thermal rate constants corresponding to several proposed models of electron transfer processes [P. Huo, T. F. Miller III, and D. F. Coker, J. Chem. Phys. 139, 151103 (2013); A. R. Menzeleev, N. Ananth, and T. F. Miller III, J. Chem. Phys. 135, 074106 (2011)]. Good quantitative agreement with Marcus Theory is obtained over several orders of magnitude variation in non-adiabatic coupling. Moreover, the "inverted regime" in thermal rate constants (with increasing bias) known from Marcus Theory is also reproduced with good accuracy by this very simple classical approach. The SQC treatment is also applied to a recent model of photoinduced proton coupled electron transfer [C. Venkataraman, A. V. Soudackov, and S. Hammes-Schiffer, J. Chem. Phys. 131, 154502 (2009)] and population decay of the photoexcited donor state is found to be in reasonable agreement with results calculated via reduced density matrix theory. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV) Cotton, Stephen J.; Igumenshchev, Kirill; Miller, William H., E-mail: millerwh@berkeley.edu It has recently been shown [S. J. Cotton and W. H. Miller, J. Chem. Phys. 139, 234112 (2013)] that a symmetrical windowing quasi-classical (SQC) approach [S. J. Cotton and W. H. Miller, J. Phys. Chem. A 117, 7190 (2013)] applied to the Meyer-Miller model [H.-D. Meyer and W. H. Miller, J. Chem. Phys. 70, 3214 (1979)] for the electronic degrees of freedom in electronically non-adiabatic dynamics is capable of quantitatively reproducing quantum mechanical results for a variety of test applications, including cases where “quantum” coherence effects are significant. Here we apply this same SQC methodology, within a flux-side correlation functionmore » framework, to calculate thermal rate constants corresponding to several proposed models of electron transfer processes [P. Huo, T. F. Miller III, and D. F. Coker, J. Chem. Phys. 139, 151103 (2013); A. R. Menzeleev, N. Ananth, and T. F. Miller III, J. Chem. Phys. 135, 074106 (2011)]. Good quantitative agreement with Marcus Theory is obtained over several orders of magnitude variation in non-adiabatic coupling. Moreover, the “inverted regime” in thermal rate constants (with increasing bias) known from Marcus Theory is also reproduced with good accuracy by this very simple classical approach. The SQC treatment is also applied to a recent model of photoinduced proton coupled electron transfer [C. Venkataraman, A. V. Soudackov, and S. Hammes-Schiffer, J. Chem. Phys. 131, 154502 (2009)] and population decay of the photoexcited donor state is found to be in reasonable agreement with results calculated via reduced density matrix theory.« less NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Verstichel, Brecht; van Aggelen, Helen; Poelmans, Ward; Van Neck, Dimitri 2012-05-01 The variational determination of the two-particle density matrix is an interesting, but not yet fully explored technique that allows us to obtain ground-state properties of a quantum many-body system without reference to an N-particle wave function. The one-dimensional fermionic Hubbard model has been studied before with this method, using standard two- and three-index conditions on the density matrix [J. R. Hammond , Phys. Rev. A 73, 062505 (2006)PLRAAN1050-294710.1103/PhysRevA.73.062505], while a more recent study explored so-called subsystem constraints [N. Shenvi , Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 213003 (2010)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.105.213003]. These studies reported good results even with only standard two-index conditions, but have always been limited to the half-filled lattice. In this Letter, we establish the fact that the two-index approach fails for other fillings. In this case, a subset of three-index conditions is absolutely needed to describe the correct physics in the strong-repulsion limit. We show that applying lifting conditions [J. R. Hammond , Phys. Rev. APLRAAN1050-2947 71, 062503 (2005)10.1103/PhysRevA.71.062503] is the most economical way to achieve this, while still avoiding the computationally much heavier three-index conditions. A further extension to spin-adapted lifting conditions leads to increased accuracy in the intermediate repulsion regime. At the same time, we establish the feasibility of such studies to the more complicated phase diagram in two-dimensional Hubbard models. Spin-Torque Diode Effect in Magnetic Tunnel Junctions NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Suzuki, Yoshishige 2007-03-01 Spin-injection magnetization switching (SIMS) technique [1] made it possible to control magnetization by a direct current. A discovery of spontaneous rf oscillation from CPP-GMR nano-pillars and a real time observation of the switching process have revealed essential amplification function of a precession in the magnetic nano-pillars under a direct current [2]. Beside of those progresses, developments of giant tunneling magneto-resistive (GTMR) effect using an MgO barrier [3] made it possible to utilize a very large resistance change according to the magnetization switching. In this talk, several attempts to utilize interplay between spin-torque and giant-TMR effect will be presented referring to a ``spin-torque diode effect'' [4] and other properties such like rf noise control and possible signal amplification using magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). [1] J. C. 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The latter qualitatively changes the result of calculation of the dielectric susceptibility for this IC structure by Nattermann and Trimper, J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. 14, 1603, (1981), and gives phase transition to the ferroelectric IC phase obtained by Aslanyan, Phys. Rev. B 70, 024102, (2004). 2002-01-01 Structures for Temperature-independent Wavelength LD Application Hajime Asahi, Hwe-Jae Lee, Akiko Mizobata, Kenta Konishi, Osamu Maeda and Kumiko Asami The... Yamamoto , K. Iwata, S. Gonda and K. Oe, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 35, L876 (1996). 3. H. Asahi, Compound Semicond. 2, 34 (1996). 4. W.S. Pelouch and L.A. Schlie...Appl. Phys. Lett. 68, 1389 (1996). 5. M. Fushida, H. Asahi, K. Yamamoto , H. Koh, K. Asami, S. Gonda and K.Oe, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36, L665 (1997). 6 1998-05-01 Lett. 54 2458 [6] Sasaki M., Kawakya Y., Ishikawa H. and Mashita M. 1989 Appl. Surface Sei. 41/42 342 [7] McCaulley J.A., McCrary V.R. and Donnelly...Dev. Lett. 14, 25 (1993). [2] M Ishikawa , Y. Ohba, H. 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Cooperative Effects and Intrinsic Optical Bistability in Collections of Atoms 1989-11-01 Wang, M. Scalora and G.M. Bowden, Phys. Rev. A38, 4043 (1988). 8. Y. Ben-Aryeli and G.M. B~owden, "Mirrorless Optical Bistability in a Spacially... Scalora andiC.M. Blowden, i’h~s. age Ii re-Rev. A38 (1988) 4043.ag pssage timie Fkw the parameters chiosen. it re- 121 Y. Ben-Arych. C.M. Bowvden and J.C...685 (1984). 10. M. Dagenais and W.F. Sharfin, Appi. Phys. Lett. 45, 210 (1984). 21 11. J.W. Haus, L. Wang, M. Scalora and C.M. Bowden, Phys. Rev. A38 Upper-Bounds on Qubit Coherence Set by Master Clock Instabilities 2016-01-10 PhysRevLett.95.060502 [3] Olmschenk S, Younge K C, Moehring D L, Matsukevich D N , Maunz P and Monroe C 2007 Phys. Rev. A 76 052314 [4] Soare A, Ball H...Sekiguchi T, Itoh K M, Jamieson D N , McCallum J C, Dzurak A S and Morello A 2014 Nature Nanotechnology 9 986–991 [9] Brown K R, Wilson A C, Colombe Y...Cleland A and Martinis J M 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 112(24) 240504 [11] Harty T P, Allcock D, Ballance C J, Guidoni L, Janacek H A, Linke N M, Stacey D N Selected Electrical and Thermal Properties of Undoped Nickel Oxide 1978-08-01 ooooa aata, t at a, aWa Wo aOa) + + .......+ ..+ ......+ +...+.+.+4+.+4 4+4 ... 4 ..... o T, n.-A r~~.rato COw cC%(0 I~a n oenmfLr. NatO WN. 0nr 00 f. n C...Band Phenomena," Parks, R. D., ed. (Plenum, New York, 1977), p. 551-554. 23. Emin, D. and Holstein , T., Ann. Phys. (NY) 53, 439-520 (1969). Friedman,i...L. and Holstein , T., Ann. Phys. (NY) 21, 494-549 (1963). Emin, D., Ann. Phys. (NY) 64, 336-395 (1971). , 24. Kim, K. S. and Winograd, N., Surf. Sci DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV) Ellison, C. Leland; Matyash, K.; Parker, J. B. The oscillation behavior described in [Tang et. al, Phys. Plasmas 19, 073519 (2012)] di ers too greatly from previous experimental and numerical studies to claim observation of the same phenomenon. Most signi cantly, the rotation velocity in [Tang et. al, Phys. Plasmas 19, 073519 (2012)] is three orders of magnitude larger than that of typical \\rotating spoke" phenomena. Several physical and numerical considerations are presented to more accurately understand the numerical results of [Tang et. al, Phys. Plasmas 19, 073519 (2012)] in light of previous studies. Density profile of strongly correlated spherical Yukawa plasmas NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Bonitz, M.; Henning, C.; Ludwig, P.; Golubnychiy, V.; Baumgartner, H.; Piel, A.; Block, D. 2006-10-01 Recently the discovery of 3D-dust crystals [1] excited intensive experimental and theoretical activities [2-4]. Details of the shell structure of these crystals has been very well explained theoretically by a simple model involving an isotropic Yukawa-type pair repulsion and an external harmonic confinement potential [4]. On the other hand, it has remained an open question how the average radial density profile, looks like. We show that screening has a dramatic effect on the density profile, which we derive analytically for the ground state. Interestingly, the result applies not only to a continuous plasma distribution but also to simulation data for the Coulomb crystals exhibiting the above mentioned shell structure. Furthermore, excellent agreement between the continuum model and shell models is found [5]. [1] O. Arp, D. Block, A. Piel, and A. Melzer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 165004 (2004). [2] H. Totsuji, C. Totsuji, T. Ogawa, and K. Tsuruta, Phys. Rev. E 71, 045401 (2005) [3] P. Ludwig, S. Kosse, and M. Bonitz, Phys. Rev. E 71, 046403 (2005) [4] M. Bonitz, D. Block, O. Arp, V. Golubnychiy, H. Baumgartner, P. Ludwig, A. Piel, and A. Filinov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 075001 (2006) [5] C. Henning, M. Bonitz, A. Piel, P. Ludwig, H. Baumgartner, V. Golubnichiy, and D. Block, submitted to Phys. Rev. E Macroscopic character of composite high-temperature superconducting wires NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Kivelson, S. A.; Spivak, B. 2015-11-01 The "d -wave" symmetry of the superconducting order in the cuprate high temperature superconductors is a well established fact [J. Tsuei and J. R. Kirtley, Rev. Mod. Phys. 72, 969 (2000), 10.1103/RevModPhys.72.969 and D. J. Vanharlingen, Rev. Mod. Phys. 67, 515 (1995), 10.1103/RevModPhys.67.515], and one which identifies them as "unconventional." However, in macroscopic contexts—including many potential applications (i.e., superconducting "wires")—the material is a composite of randomly oriented superconducting grains in a metallic matrix, in which Josephson coupling between grains mediates the onset of long-range phase coherence. [See, e.g., D. C. Larbalestier et al., Nat. Mater. 13, 375 (2014), 10.1038/nmat3887, A. P. Malozemoff, MRS Bull. 36, 601 (2011), 10.1557/mrs.2011.160, and K. Heine et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 55, 2441 (1989), 10.1063/1.102295] Here we analyze the physics at length scales that are large compared to the size of such grains, and in particular the macroscopic character of the long-range order that emerges. While X Y -superconducting glass order and macroscopic d -wave superconductivity may be possible, we show that under many circumstances—especially when the d -wave superconducting grains are embedded in a metallic matrix—the most likely order has global s -wave symmetry. Sharma, Vikash; Chotia, Chanderbhan; Tarachand; Ganesan, Vedachalaiyer; Okram, Gunadhor S 2017-07-21 Correction for 'Influence of particle size and dielectric environment on the dispersion behaviour and surface plasmon in nickel nanoparticles' by Vikash Sharma et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2017, 19, 14096-14106. Telling, Mark T F; Campbell, Stuart I; Engberg, Dennis; Martín Y Marero, David; Andersen, Ken H 2016-03-21 Correction for 'Spectroscopic characteristics of the OSIRIS near-backscattering crystal analyser spectrometer on the ISIS pulsed neutron source' by Mark T. F. Telling et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2005, 7, 1255-1261. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Bhatia, C.; Fallin, B. F.; Gooden, M. E.; Howell, C. R.; Kelley, J. H.; Tornow, W.; Arnold, C. W.; Bond, E.; Bredeweg, T. A.; Fowler, M. M.; Moody, W.; Rundberg, R. S.; Rusev, G. Y.; Vieira, D. J.; Wilhelmy, J. B.; Becker, J. A.; Macri, R.; Ryan, C.; Sheets, S. A.; Stoyer, M. A.; Tonchev, A. P. 2015-06-01 Using dual-fission chambers each loaded with a thick (200 -400 -mg /c m2) actinide target of 235 ,238U or 239Pu and two thin (˜10 -100 -μ g /c m2) reference foils of the same actinide, the cumulative yields of fission products ranging from 92Sr to 147Nd have been measured at En= 8.9 MeV . The 2H(d ,n ) 3He reaction provided the quasimonoenergetic neutron beam. The experimental setup and methods used to determine the fission product yield (FPY) are described, and results for typically eight high-yield fission products are presented. Our FPYs for 235U(n ,f ) , 238U(n ,f ) , and 239Pu(n ,f ) at 8.9 MeV are compared with the existing data below 8 MeV from Glendenin et al. [Phys. Rev. C 24, 2600 (1981), 10.1103/PhysRevC.24.2600], Nagy et al. [Phys. Rev. C 17, 163 (1978), 10.1103/PhysRevC.17.163], Gindler et al. [Phys. Rev. C 27, 2058 (1983), 10.1103/PhysRevC.27.2058], and those of Mac Innes et al. [Nucl. Data Sheets 112, 3135 (2011), 10.1016/j.nds.2011.11.009] and Laurec et al. [Nucl. Data Sheets 111, 2965 (2010), 10.1016/j.nds.2010.11.004] at 14.5 and 14.7 MeV, respectively. This comparison indicates a negative slope for the energy dependence of most fission product yields obtained from 235U and 239Pu , whereas for 238U the slope issue remains unsettled. A comparative study of the single-mode Richtmyer-Meshkov instability NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Bai, X.; Deng, X.-L.; Jiang, L. 2018-07-01 In this work, the single-mode Richtmyer-Meshkov instability is studied numerically to find a reasonable nonlinear theoretical model which can be applied to predict the interface evolution from the linear stage to the early nonlinear stage. The cut-cell-based sharp-interface methods MuSiC+ (Chang et al. in J Comput Phys 242:946-990, 2013) and CCGF (Bai and Deng in Adv Appl Math Mech 9(5):1052-1075, 2017) are applied to generate numerical results for comparisons. Classical Air-SF6 and Air-Helium conditions are applied in this study, and initial amplitude and Atwood number are varied for comparison. Comparisons to the simulation results from the literature show the applicability of MuSiC+ and CCGF. Comparisons to the nonlinear theoretical models show that ZS (Zhang and Sohn in Phys Lett A 212:149-155, 1996; Phys Fluids 9:1106-1124, 1997), SEA (Sadot et al. in Phys Rev Lett 80:1654-1657, 1998), and DR (Dimonte and Ramaprabhu in Phys Fluids 22:014104, 2010) models are valid for both spike and bubble growth rates, and MIK (Mikaelian in Phys Rev E 67:026319, 2003) and ZG (Zhang and Guo in J Fluid Mech 786:47-61, 2016) models are valid for bubble growth rate, when the initial perturbation is small and the Atwood number is low, but only the DR model is applicable for both spike and bubble growth rates when the initial perturbation amplitude and the Atwood number are large. A new term of non-dimensional initial perturbation amplitude is presented and multiplied to the DR model to get a unified fitted DR model, which gives consistent results to the simulation ones for small and large initial amplitudes. Vibrational Surface Electron-Energy-Loss Spectroscopy Probes Confined Surface-Phonon Modes NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Lourenço-Martins, Hugo; Kociak, Mathieu 2017-10-01 Recently, two reports [Krivanek et al. Nature (London) 514, 209 (2014), 10.1038/nature13870, Lagos et al. Nature (London) 543, 529 (2017), 10.1038/nature21699] have demonstrated the amazing possibility to probe vibrational excitations from nanoparticles with a spatial resolution much smaller than the corresponding free-space phonon wavelength using electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). While Lagos et al. evidenced a strong spatial and spectral modulation of the EELS signal over a nanoparticle, Krivanek et al. did not. Here, we show that discrepancies among different EELS experiments as well as their relation to optical near- and far-field optical experiments [Dai et al. Science 343, 1125 (2014), 10.1126/science.1246833] can be understood by introducing the concept of confined bright and dark surface phonon modes, whose density of states is probed by EELS. Such a concise formalism is the vibrational counterpart of the broadly used formalism for localized surface plasmons [Ouyang and Isaacson Philos. Mag. B 60, 481 (1989), 10.1080/13642818908205921, García de Abajo and Aizpurua Phys. Rev. B 56, 15873 (1997), 10.1103/PhysRevB.56.15873, García de Abajo and Kociak Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 106804 (2008), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.106804, Boudarham and Kociak Phys. Rev. B 85, 245447 (2012), 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.245447]; it makes it straightforward to predict or interpret phenomena already known for localized surface plasmons such as environment-related energy shifts or the possibility of 3D mapping of the related surface charge densities [Collins et al. ACS Photonics 2, 1628 (2015), 10.1021/acsphotonics.5b00421]. Reversing the irreversible: From limit cycles to emergent time symmetry NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Cortês, Marina; Smolin, Lee 2018-01-01 In 1979 Penrose hypothesized that the arrows of time are explained by the hypothesis that the fundamental laws are time irreversible [R. Penrose, in General Relativity: An Einstein Centenary Survey (1979)]. That is, our reversible laws, such as the standard model and general relativity are effective, and emerge from an underlying fundamental theory which is time irreversible. In [M. Cortês and L. Smolin, Phys. Rev. D 90, 084007 (2014), 10.1103/PhysRevD.90.084007; 90, 044035 (2014), 10.1103/PhysRevD.90.044035; 93, 084039 (2016), 10.1103/PhysRevD.93.084039] we put forward a research program aiming at realizing just this. The aim is to find a fundamental description of physics above the Planck scale, based on irreversible laws, from which will emerge the apparently reversible dynamics we observe on intermediate scales. Here we continue that program and note that a class of discrete dynamical systems are known to exhibit this very property: they have an underlying discrete irreversible evolution, but in the long term exhibit the properties of a time reversible system, in the form of limit cycles. We connect this to our original model proposal in [M. Cortês and L. Smolin, Phys. Rev. D 90, 084007 (2014), 10.1103/PhysRevD.90.084007], and show that the behaviors obtained there can be explained in terms of the same phenomenon: the attraction of the system to a basin of limit cycles, where the dynamics appears to be time reversible. Further than that, we show that our original models exhibit the very same feature: the emergence of quasiparticle excitations obtained in the earlier work in the space-time description is an expression of the system's convergence to limit cycles when seen in the causal set description. Direct evidence of three-body interactions in a cold Rb85 Rydberg gas NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Han, Jianing 2010-11-01 Cold Rydberg atoms trapped in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) are not isolated and they interact through dipole-dipole and multipole-multipole interactions. First-order dipole-dipole interactions and van der Waals interactions between two atoms have been intensively studied. However, the facts that the first-order dipole-dipole interactions and van der Waals interactions show the same size of broadening [A. Reinhard, K. C. Younge, T. C. Liebisch, B. Knuffman, P. R. Berman, and G. Raithel, Phys. Rev. Lett.PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.100.233201 100, 233201 (2008)] and there are transitions between two dimer states [S. M. Farooqi, D. Tong, S. Krishnan, J. Stanojevic, Y. P. Zhang, J. R. Ensher, A. S. Estrin, C. Boisseau, R. Cote, E. E. Eyler, and P. L. Gould, Phys. Rev. Lett.PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.91.183002 91, 183002 (2003); K. R. Overstreet, Arne Schwettmann, Jonathan Tallant, and James P. Shaffer, Phys. Rev. APLRAAN1050-294710.1103/PhysRevA.76.011403 76, 011403(R) (2007)] cannot be explained by the two-atom picture. The purpose of this article is to show the few-body nature of a dense cold Rydberg gas by studying the molecular-state microwave spectra. Specifically, three-body energy levels have been calculated. Moreover, the transition from three-body energy levels to two-body coupled molecular energy levels and to isolated atomic energy levels as a function of the internuclear spacing is studied. Finally, single-body, two-body, and three-body interaction regions are estimated according to the experimental data. The results reported here provides useful information for plasma formation, further cooling, and superfluid formation. The new insight into dynamic crossover in glass forming liquids from the apparent enthalpy analysis NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Martinez-Garcia, Julio Cesar; Martinez-Garcia, Jorge; Rzoska, Sylwester J.; Hulliger, Jürg 2012-08-01 One of the most intriguing phenomena in glass forming systems is the dynamic crossover (TB), occurring well above the glass temperature (Tg). So far, it was estimated mainly from the linearized derivative analysis of the primary relaxation time τ(T) or viscosity η(T) experimental data, originally proposed by Stickel et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 104, 2043 (1996), 10.1063/1.470961; Stickel et al. J. Chem. Phys. 107, 1086 (1997)], 10.1063/1.474456. However, this formal procedure is based on the general validity of the Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann equation, which has been strongly questioned recently [T. Hecksher et al. Nature Phys. 4, 737 (2008), 10.1038/nphys1033; P. Lunkenheimer et al. Phys. Rev. E 81, 051504 (2010), 10.1103/PhysRevE.81.051504; J. C. Martinez-Garcia et al. J. Chem. Phys. 134, 024512 (2011)], 10.1063/1.3514589. We present a qualitatively new way to identify the dynamic crossover based on the apparent enthalpy space (H_a^' = {{dln τ }/{d({1/T})}}) analysis via a new plot ln H_a^' vs. 1/T supported by the Savitzky-Golay filtering procedure for getting an insight into the noise-distorted high order derivatives. It is shown that depending on the ratio between the "virtual" fragility in the high temperature dynamic domain (mhigh) and the "real" fragility at Tg (the low temperature dynamic domain, m = mlow) glass formers can be splitted into two groups related to f < 1 and f > 1, (f = mhigh/mlow). The link of this phenomenon to the ratio between the apparent enthalpy and activation energy as well as the behavior of the configurational entropy is indicated. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Fei, Linlin; Luo, Kai H.; Li, Qing 2018-05-01 The cascaded or central-moment-based lattice Boltzmann method (CLBM) proposed in [Phys. Rev. E 73, 066705 (2006), 10.1103/PhysRevE.73.066705] possesses very good numerical stability. However, two constraints exist in three-dimensional (3D) CLBM simulations. First, the conventional implementation for 3D CLBM involves cumbersome operations and requires much higher computational cost compared to the single-relaxation-time (SRT) LBM. Second, it is a challenge to accurately incorporate a general force field into the 3D CLBM. In this paper, we present an improved method to implement CLBM in 3D. The main strategy is to adopt a simplified central moment set and carry out the central-moment-based collision operator based on a general multi-relaxation-time (GMRT) framework. Next, the recently proposed consistent forcing scheme for CLBM [Fei and Luo, Phys. Rev. E 96, 053307 (2017), 10.1103/PhysRevE.96.053307] is extended to incorporate a general force field into 3D CLBM. Compared with the recently developed nonorthogonal CLBM [Rosis, Phys. Rev. E 95, 013310 (2017), 10.1103/PhysRevE.95.013310], our implementation is proved to reduce the computational cost significantly. The inconsistency of adopting the discrete equilibrium distribution functions in the nonorthogonal CLBM is analyzed and validated. The 3D CLBM developed here in conjunction with the consistent forcing scheme is verified through numerical simulations of several canonical force-driven flows, highlighting very good properties in terms of accuracy, convergence, and consistency with the nonslip rule. Finally, the techniques developed here for 3D CLBM can be applied to make the implementation and execution of 3D MRT-LBM more efficient. iNuc-PhysChem: A Sequence-Based Predictor for Identifying Nucleosomes via Physicochemical Properties Feng, Peng-Mian; Ding, Chen; Zuo, Yong-Chun; Chou, Kuo-Chen 2012-01-01 Nucleosome positioning has important roles in key cellular processes. Although intensive efforts have been made in this area, the rules defining nucleosome positioning is still elusive and debated. In this study, we carried out a systematic comparison among the profiles of twelve DNA physicochemical features between the nucleosomal and linker sequences in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome. We found that nucleosomal sequences have some position-specific physicochemical features, which can be used for in-depth studying nucleosomes. Meanwhile, a new predictor, called iNuc-PhysChem, was developed for identification of nucleosomal sequences by incorporating these physicochemical properties into a 1788-D (dimensional) feature vector, which was further reduced to a 884-D vector via the IFS (incremental feature selection) procedure to optimize the feature set. It was observed by a cross-validation test on a benchmark dataset that the overall success rate achieved by iNuc-PhysChem was over 96% in identifying nucleosomal or linker sequences. As a web-server, iNuc-PhysChem is freely accessible to the public at http://lin.uestc.edu.cn/server/iNuc-PhysChem. For the convenience of the vast majority of experimental scientists, a step-by-step guide is provided on how to use the web-server to get the desired results without the need to follow the complicated mathematics that were presented just for the integrity in developing the predictor. Meanwhile, for those who prefer to run predictions in their own computers, the predictor's code can be easily downloaded from the web-server. It is anticipated that iNuc-PhysChem may become a useful high throughput tool for both basic research and drug design. PMID:23144709 A review of astrophysics experiments on intense lasers NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Remington, B. A. 1999-11-01 Modern, high power laser facilities open new possibilities for simulating astrophysical systems in the laboratory.(S.J. Rose, Laser & Part. Beams 9, 869 (1991); B.H. Ripin et al., Laser & Part. Beams 8, 183 (1990); B.A. Remington et al., Science 284, 1488 (1999); H. Takabe et al., Plasma Phys. Contr. Fusion 41, A75 (1999); R.P. Drake, J. Geophys. Res. 104, 14505 (1999).) Scaled investigations of the hydrodynamics.(J. Kane et al., Phys. Plasmas 6, 2065 (1999); R.P. Drake et al., Ap. J. 500, L157 (1998); D. Ryutov et al., Ap. J. 518, 821 (1999).) and radiative transfer.(J. Wark et al., Phys. Plasmas 4, 2004 (1997); P.K. Patel et al., JQSRT 58, 835 (1997).) relevant to supernovae, and opacities relevant to stellar interiors.(F.J. Rogers and C.A. Iglesias, Science 263, 50 (1994); H. Merdji et al., JSQRT 58, 783 (1997).) are now possible with laser experiments. Equations of state relevant to the interiors of giant planets and brown dwarfs are also being experimentally accessed.(G.W. Collins et al., Science 281, 1178 (1998); A. Benuzzi et al., Phys. Rev. E 54, 2162 (1996).) With the construction of the NIF laser in the U.S., and the LIL and LMJ lasers in France, controlled investigations of thermonuclear burn physics will become possible in the next decade. And with existing and future ultra-high intensity short pulse lasers, investigations of relativistic astrophysical plasmas are becoming possible.(M.H. Key et al., Phys. Plasmas 5, 1966 (1998); F. Pegoraro et al., Plasma Phys. Contr. Fus. 39, B261 (1997).) A review of laboratory astrophysics experiments using intense lasers will be presented, and the potential for the future will be discussed. A comparative study of the single-mode Richtmyer-Meshkov instability NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Bai, X.; Deng, X.-L.; Jiang, L. 2017-11-01 In this work, the single-mode Richtmyer-Meshkov instability is studied numerically to find a reasonable nonlinear theoretical model which can be applied to predict the interface evolution from the linear stage to the early nonlinear stage. The cut-cell-based sharp-interface methods MuSiC+ (Chang et al. in J Comput Phys 242:946-990, 2013) and CCGF (Bai and Deng in Adv Appl Math Mech 9(5):1052-1075, 2017) are applied to generate numerical results for comparisons. Classical Air-SF6 and Air-Helium conditions are applied in this study, and initial amplitude and Atwood number are varied for comparison. Comparisons to the simulation results from the literature show the applicability of MuSiC+ and CCGF. Comparisons to the nonlinear theoretical models show that ZS (Zhang and Sohn in Phys Lett A 212:149-155, 1996; Phys Fluids 9:1106-1124, 1997), SEA (Sadot et al. in Phys Rev Lett 80:1654-1657, 1998), and DR (Dimonte and Ramaprabhu in Phys Fluids 22:014104, 2010) models are valid for both spike and bubble growth rates, and MIK (Mikaelian in Phys Rev E 67:026319, 2003) and ZG (Zhang and Guo in J Fluid Mech 786:47-61, 2016) models are valid for bubble growth rate, when the initial perturbation is small and the Atwood number is low, but only the DR model is applicable for both spike and bubble growth rates when the initial perturbation amplitude and the Atwood number are large. A new term of non-dimensional initial perturbation amplitude is presented and multiplied to the DR model to get a unified fitted DR model, which gives consistent results to the simulation ones for small and large initial amplitudes. Villanueva-Cab, J; Anta, J A; Oskam, G 2016-05-28 Correction for 'The effect of recombination under short-circuit conditions on the determination of charge transport properties in nanostructured photoelectrodes' by J. Villanueva-Cab et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2016, 18, 2303-2308. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Cooper, John W.; Greene, Chris H.; Langhoff, Peter W.; Starace, Anthony F.; Winstead, Carl 2005-06-01 A Comment on the Letter by U. Eichmann. T. F. Gallagher, and R. M. Konik, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 233004 (2003)., PRLTAO, 0031-9007, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.233004 The authors of the Letter offer a Reply. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV) Singh, Monika; Kumar, Sanjay; Sharma, R. P. 2011-07-15 The comment by Stenflo and Brodin mentions two points in our recently published paper [M. Singh, S. Kumar, and R. P. Sharma, Phys. Plasmas 18, 022304 (2011)]. We have given the appropriate reply for the same here. Comment on ``Microscopic Theory of Network Glasses'' NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Micoulaut, M.; Boolchand, P. 2003-10-01 A Comment on the Letter by 2008-07-02 an N-atom system. II. Calculation of the eigenstates Terry Rudolph, Itay Yavin and Helen Freedhoff, quant-ph/0206067 Phys. Rev. A. 69, 013815 (2004...Calculation of the eigenstates Terry Rudolph, Itay Yavin and Helen Freedhoff, quant-ph/0206067 Phys. Rev. A. 69, 013815 (2004). 13. Quantum searching a Theory of the inverse spin galvanic effect in quantum wells NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Maleki Sheikhabadi, Amin; Miatka, Iryna; Sherman, E. Ya.; Raimondi, Roberto 2018-06-01 The understanding of the fundamentals of spin and charge densities and currents interconversion by spin-orbit coupling can enable efficient applications beyond the possibilities offered by conventional electronics. For this purpose we consider various forms of the frequency-dependent inverse spin galvanic effect in semiconductor quantum wells and epilayers taking into account the cubic in the electron momentum spin-orbit coupling in the Rashba and Dresselhaus forms, concentrating on the current-induced spin polarization (CISP). We find that including the cubic terms qualitatively explains recent findings of the CISP in InGaAs epilayers being the strongest if the internal spin-orbit coupling field is the smallest and vice versa [Norman et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 056601 (2014), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.056601; Luengo-Kovac et al., Phys. Rev. B 96, 195206 (2017), 10.1103/PhysRevB.96.195206], in contrast to the common understanding. Our results provide a promising framework for the control of spin transport in future spintronics devices. Efficient excitation of nonlinear phonons via chirped pulses: Induced structural phase transitions NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Itin, A. P.; Katsnelson, M. I. 2018-05-01 Nonlinear phononics play important role in strong laser-solid interactions. We discuss a dynamical protocol for efficient phonon excitation, considering recent inspiring proposals: inducing ferroelectricity in paraelectric perovskites, and inducing structural deformations in cuprates [Subedi et al., Phys. Rev. B 89, 220301(R) (2014), 10.1103/PhysRevB.89.220301; Phys. Rev. B 95, 134113 (2017), 10.1103/PhysRevB.95.134113]. High-frequency phonon modes are driven by midinfrared pulses, and coupled to lower-frequency modes those indirect excitations cause structural deformations. We study in more detail the case of KTaO3 without strain, where it was not possible to excite the needed low-frequency phonon mode by resonant driving of the higher frequency one. Behavior of the system is explained using a reduced model of coupled driven nonlinear oscillators. We find a dynamical mechanism which prevents effective excitation at resonance driving. To induce ferroelectricity, we employ driving with sweeping frequency, realizing so-called capture into resonance. The method can be applied to many other related systems. Low-energy positron scattering by pyrimidine DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV) Barbosa, Alessandra Souza; Pastega, Diego F.; Bettega, Márcio H. F., E-mail: bettega@fisica.ufpr.br 2015-12-28 This work reports elastic integral and differential cross sections for positron collisions with pyrimidine, for energies up to 20 eV. The cross sections were computed with the Schwinger multichannel method in the static plus polarization approximation. We also employed the Born closure procedure to account for the long range potential due to the permanent dipole moment of the molecule. Our results are compared with the experimental total cross section of Zecca et al. [J. Phys. B 43, 215204 (2010)], the experimental grand-total, quasi-elastic integral and differential cross section of Palihawadana et al. [Phys. Rev. A 88, 12717 (2013)]. We alsomore » compare our results with theoretical integral and differential cross sections obtained by Sanz et al. [Phys. Rev. A 88, 62704 (2013)] with the R-matrix and the independent atom model with screening-corrected additivity rule methods, and with the results computed by Franz and Gianturco [Phys. Rev. A 88, 042711 (2013)] using model correlation-polarization potentials. The agreement between the theory and the experiment is encouraging.« less Thermodynamic aspects of information transfer in complex dynamical systems NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Cafaro, Carlo; Ali, Sean Alan; Giffin, Adom 2016-02-01 From the Horowitz-Esposito stochastic thermodynamical description of information flows in dynamical systems [J. M. Horowitz and M. Esposito, Phys. Rev. X 4, 031015 (2014), 10.1103/PhysRevX.4.031015], it is known that while the second law of thermodynamics is satisfied by a joint system, the entropic balance for the subsystems is adjusted by a term related to the mutual information exchange rate between the two subsystems. In this article, we present a quantitative discussion of the conceptual link between the Horowitz-Esposito analysis and the Liang-Kleeman work on information transfer between dynamical system components [X. S. Liang and R. Kleeman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 244101 (2005), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.244101]. In particular, the entropic balance arguments employed in the two approaches are compared. Notwithstanding all differences between the two formalisms, our work strengthens the Liang-Kleeman heuristic balance reasoning by showing its formal analogy with the recent Horowitz-Esposito thermodynamic balance arguments. Is Bare Band Description of Carrier Transport Appropriate in Pentacene? NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Andersen, John D.; Giuggioli, Luca; Kenkre, V. M. 2002-03-01 Experiments on injected charges in pentacene single crystals reveal mobilities typical of inorganic semiconductors and temperature dependence (for T<430K) suggesting bandlike behavior.(J. H. Schon, C. Kloc, and B. Batlogg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3843 (2001)) Polaronic bands, particularly their narrowing with increasing temperature, were invoked(V. M. Kenkre, John D. Andersen, D.H. Dunlap, and C.B. Duke, Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 1165 (1989)) in the related naphthalene problem.(L. B. Schein, C. B. Duke, and A.R. McGhie, Phys. Rev. Lett. 40, 197 (1978); L. B. Schein, W. Warta, and N. Karl, Chem. Phys. Lett. 100, 34 (1983)) Because the low temperature mobility values in pentacene suggest moderately large bandwidths, we address two questions. Does a bare wide (effectively infinite) band description work for pentacene for T<400K? And, is a bare finite band description compatible with those data? These questions are answered by modifications of a theory originally constructed for inorganic materials and a newly developed mobility theory. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Csáki, Endre; Csörgő, Miklós; Földes, Antónia; Révész, Pál 2018-04-01 We consider random walks on the square lattice of the plane along the lines of Heyde (J Stat Phys 27:721-730, 1982, Stochastic processes, Springer, New York, 1993) and den Hollander (J Stat Phys 75:891-918, 1994), whose studies have in part been inspired by the so-called transport phenomena of statistical physics. Two-dimensional anisotropic random walks with anisotropic density conditions á la Heyde (J Stat Phys 27:721-730, 1982, Stochastic processes, Springer, New York, 1993) yield fixed column configurations and nearest-neighbour random walks in a random environment on the square lattice of the plane as in den Hollander (J Stat Phys 75:891-918, 1994) result in random column configurations. In both cases we conclude simultaneous weak Donsker and strong Strassen type invariance principles in terms of appropriately constructed anisotropic Brownian motions on the plane, with self-contained proofs in both cases. The style of presentation throughout will be that of a semi-expository survey of related results in a historical context. Reply to "Comment on `Flow of wet granular materials: A numerical study' " NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Khamseh, Saeed; Roux, Jean-Noël; Chevoir, François 2017-07-01 In his Comment on our paper [Phys. Rev. E 92, 022201 (2015), 10.1103/PhysRevE.92.022201], Chareyre criticizes, as inaccurate, the simple approach we adopted to explain the strong enhancement of the quasistatic shear strength of the material caused by capillary cohesion. He also observes that a similar form of the "effective stress" approach, accounting for the capillary shear stress, which we neglected, results in a quantitatively correct prediction of this yield stress. We agree with these remarks, which we deem quite relevant and valuable. We nevertheless point out that the initial approximation, despite ˜25 % errors on shear strength in the worst cases, provides a convenient estimate of the Mohr-Coulomb cohesion of the material, which is directly related to the coordination number. We argue that the effective stress assumption, despite its surprising success in the range of states explored in Khamseh et al. [Phys. Rev. E 92, 022201 (2015), 10.1103/PhysRevE.92.022201], is bound to fail in strongly cohesion-dominated material states. Theoretical approach to the ground state of spherically confined Yukawa plasmas NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Henning, Christian; Bonitz, Michael; Piel, Alexander; Ludwig, Patrick; Baumgartner, Henning 2007-11-01 Recently spherical 3D dust crystals (aka Yukawa balls) were discovered [1], which allow direct observation of strong correlation phenomena and the structure of which is well explained by computer simulations of charged Yukawa interacting particles within an external parabolic confinement [2]. Here we present an analytical approach to the ground state of these systems using the minimization of the system's energy. Applying the non-local mean-field approximation we show that screening has a dramatic effect on the density profile, which can be derived explicitly [3]. In addition the local density approximation allows for the inclusion of correlations, which further improves the results in the regime of large screening [4]. Comparisons with MD simulations of Yukawa balls show excellent agreement.[1] O. Arp et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 165004 (2004)[2] M. Bonitz et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 075001 (2006)[3] C. Henning et al., Phys. Rev. E 74, 056403 (2006)[4] C. Henning at al., Phys. Rev. E (2007) NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Dou, Wenjie; Subotnik, Joseph E. 2018-02-01 In a recent publication [W. Dou et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 046001 (2017), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.046001], using the quantum-classical Liouville equation (QCLE), we derived a very general form for the electronic friction felt by a molecule moving near one or many metal surfaces. Moreover, we have already proved the equivalence of the QCLE electronic friction with the Head-Gordon-Tully model as well as a generalized version of von Oppen's nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) method at equilibrium [W. Dou and J. E. Subotnik, Phys. Rev. B 96, 104305 (2017), 10.1103/PhysRevB.96.104305]. In the present paper, we now further prove the equivalence between the QCLE friction and the NEGF friction for the case of multiple metal surfaces and an out-of-equilibrium electronic current without electron-electron interactions. The present results reinforce our recent claim that there is only one universal electronic friction tensor arising from the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Neutrino phenomenology, dark energy and leptogenesis from pseudo-Nambu Goldstone bosons NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Hill, C. T.; Mocioiu, I.; Paschos, E. A.; Sarkar, U. 2007-07-01 We consider a model of dynamical neutrino masses via the see-saw mechanism. Nambu-Goldstone bosons (majorons) arise associated with the formation of the heavy right-handed Majorana masses. These bosons then acquire naturally soft masses (become pNGB's) at loop level via the Higgs-Yukawa mass terms. These models, like the original neutrino pNGB quintessence schemes of the 1980's [C.T. Hill, D.N. Schramm, J.N. Fry, Nucl. Part. Phys. 19 (1989) 25; J.A. Frieman, C.T. Hill, R. Watkins, Phys. Rev. D 46 (1992) 1226; A.K. Gupta, C.T. Hill, R. Holman, E.W. Kolb, Phys. Rev. D 45 (1992) 441; J.A. Frieman, C.T. Hill, A. Stebbins, I. Waga, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 (1995) 2077, astro-ph/9505060] that proceed through the Dirac masses, are natural, have cosmological implications through mass varying neutrinos, long range forces, and provide a soft potential for dark energy. We further argue that these models can explain leptogenesis naturally through the decays of the right-handed neutrinos. Comment on "Fractional quantum mechanics" and "Fractional Schrödinger equation" NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Wei, Yuchuan 2016-06-01 In this Comment we point out some shortcomings in two papers [N. Laskin, Phys. Rev. E 62, 3135 (2000), 10.1103/PhysRevE.62.3135; N. Laskin, Phys. Rev. E 66, 056108 (2002), 10.1103/PhysRevE.66.056108]. We prove that the fractional uncertainty relation does not hold generally. The probability continuity equation in fractional quantum mechanics has a missing source term, which leads to particle teleportation, i.e., a particle can teleport from a place to another. Since the relativistic kinetic energy can be viewed as an approximate realization of the fractional kinetic energy, the particle teleportation should be an observable relativistic effect in quantum mechanics. With the help of this concept, superconductivity could be viewed as the teleportation of electrons from one side of a superconductor to another and superfluidity could be viewed as the teleportation of helium atoms from one end of a capillary tube to the other. We also point out how to teleport a particle to an arbitrary destination. Reply to ``Comment on `Ratchet universality in the presence of thermal noise' '' NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Martínez, Pedro J.; Chacón, Ricardo 2013-12-01 The Comment by Quintero [preceding Comment, Phys. Rev. E10.1103/PhysRevE.88.066101 88, 066101 (2013)] does not dispute the central result of our paper [Martínez and Chacón, Phys. Rev. E10.1103/PhysRevE.87.062114 87, 062114 (2013)], which is a theory explaining the interplay between thermal noise and symmetry breaking in the ratchet transport of a Brownian particle moving on a periodic substrate subjected to a temporal biharmonic excitation γ[ηsin(ωt)+α(1-η)sin(2ωt+φ)]. In the Comment, the authors claim, on the sole basis of their numerical simulations for the particular case α=2, that “there is no such universal force waveform and that the evidence obtained by the authors otherwise is due to their particular choice of parameters.” Here we demonstrate by means of theoretical arguments and additional numerical simulations that all the conclusions of our original article are preserved. Partial entropic stabilization of lattice Boltzmann magnetohydrodynamics NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Flint, Christopher; Vahala, George 2018-01-01 The entropic lattice Boltzmann algorithm of Karlin et al. [Phys. Rev. E 90, 031302 (2014), 10.1103/PhysRevE.90.031302] is partially extended to magnetohydrodynamics, based on the Dellar model of introducing a vector distribution for the magnetic field. This entropic ansatz is now applied only to the scalar particle distribution function so as to permit the many problems entailing magnetic field reversal. A 9-bit lattice is employed for both particle and magnetic distributions for our two-dimensional simulations. The entropic ansatz is benchmarked against our earlier multiple relaxation lattice-Boltzmann model for the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in a magnetized jet. Other two-dimensional simulations are performed and compared to results determined by more standard direct algorithms: in particular the switch over between the Kelvin-Helmholtz or tearing mode instability of Chen et al. [J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 102, 151 (1997), 10.1029/96JA03144], and the generalized Orszag-Tang vortex model of Biskamp-Welter [Phys. Fluids B 1, 1964 (1989), 10.1063/1.859060]. Very good results are achieved. Comment on "Fractional quantum mechanics" and "Fractional Schrödinger equation". Wei, Yuchuan 2016-06-01 In this Comment we point out some shortcomings in two papers [N. Laskin, Phys. Rev. E 62, 3135 (2000)10.1103/PhysRevE.62.3135; N. Laskin, Phys. Rev. E 66, 056108 (2002)10.1103/PhysRevE.66.056108]. We prove that the fractional uncertainty relation does not hold generally. The probability continuity equation in fractional quantum mechanics has a missing source term, which leads to particle teleportation, i.e., a particle can teleport from a place to another. Since the relativistic kinetic energy can be viewed as an approximate realization of the fractional kinetic energy, the particle teleportation should be an observable relativistic effect in quantum mechanics. With the help of this concept, superconductivity could be viewed as the teleportation of electrons from one side of a superconductor to another and superfluidity could be viewed as the teleportation of helium atoms from one end of a capillary tube to the other. We also point out how to teleport a particle to an arbitrary destination. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Sharma, Rati; Cherayil, Binny J. 2013-06-01 Recent experimental measurements of the distribution P(w) of transverse chain fluctuations w in concentrated solutions of F-actin filaments [B. Wang, J Guan, S. M. Anthony, S. C. Bae, K. S. Schweizer, and S. Granick, Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 118301 (2010), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.118301; J. Glaser, D. Chakraborty, K. Kroy, I. Lauter, M. Degawa, N. Kirchgessner, B. Hoffmann, R. Merkel, and M. Giesen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 037801 (2010)], 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.037801 are shown to be well-fit to an expression derived from a model of the conformations of a single harmonically confined weakly bendable rod. The calculation of P(w) is carried out essentially exactly within a path integral approach that was originally applied to the study of one-dimensional randomly growing interfaces. Our results are generally as successful in reproducing experimental trends as earlier approximate results obtained from more elaborate many-chain treatments of the confining tube potential. Comment on "Particle path through a nested Mach-Zehnder interferometer" NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Salih, Hatim 2018-02-01 In a recent paper [Phys. Rev. A 94, 032115 (2016), 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.032115], Griffiths questioned—based on an interesting consistent-histories (CH) argument—the counterfactuality, for one of the bit choices, of the protocol of Salih et al. for communicating without sending physical particles [Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 170502 (2013), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.170502]. Here, we first show that for the Mach-Zehnder version used to explain our protocol, contrary to Griffiths's claim, no family of consistent histories exists where any history has the photon traveling through the communication channel, thus rendering the question of whether the photon was in the communication channel meaningless from a CH viewpoint. We then show that for the actual Michelson-type protocol, there is a consistent-histories family for each cycle that includes histories where the photon travels through the communication channel. We show that the probability of finding the photon in the communication channel at any time is zero—proving complete counterfactuality. Anomalous quantum diffusion and the topological metal NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Tian, Chushun 2012-09-01 Electron wave scattering off disorders provides a key to many fascinating transport phenomena recently observed in topological insulators. Here, we present a nonperturbative diagrammatic theory of this subject. Surprisingly, quantum superdiffusion is found on the surface of three-dimensional strong topological insulators regardless of disorder strength (but not vanishing), where the diffusion coefficient grows in time logarithmically. Such a transport anomaly serves as a main characteristic of the novel quantum metal, the so-called “topological metal,” and indicates that it is a hybridization of Ohmic and perfect metals. It washes out the Anderson transition occurring in two-dimensional normal metals with disordered spin-orbit coupling, and leads to a logarithmic divergence of the conductance in the sample size instead. Therefore, the present work provides an analytical proof of the transport anomaly discovered numerically [Nomura, Koshino, and Ryu, Phys. Rev. Lett.PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.99.146806 99, 146806 (2007); Bardarson , Phys. Rev. Lett.PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.99.106801 99, 106801 (2007)]. Statically screened ion potential and Bohm potential in a quantum plasma DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV) Moldabekov, Zhandos; Institute for Experimental and Theoretical Physics, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Str., 050040 Almaty; Schoof, Tim 2015-10-15 The effective potential Φ of a classical ion in a weakly correlated quantum plasma in thermodynamic equilibrium at finite temperature is well described by the random phase approximation screened Coulomb potential. Additionally, collision effects can be included via a relaxation time ansatz (Mermin dielectric function). These potentials are used to study the quality of various statically screened potentials that were recently proposed by Shukla and Eliasson (SE) [Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 165007 (2012)], Akbari-Moghanjoughi (AM) [Phys. Plasmas 22, 022103 (2015)], and Stanton and Murillo (SM) [Phys. Rev. E 91, 033104 (2015)] starting from quantum hydrodynamic (QHD) theory. Our analysis revealsmore » that the SE potential is qualitatively different from the full potential, whereas the SM potential (at any temperature) and the AM potential (at zero temperature) are significantly more accurate. This confirms the correctness of the recently derived [Michta et al., Contrib. Plasma Phys. 55, 437 (2015)] pre-factor 1/9 in front of the Bohm term of QHD for fermions.« less Statistics of Macroturbulence from Flow Equations NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Marston, Brad; Iadecola, Thomas; Qi, Wanming 2012-02-01 Probability distribution functions of stochastically-driven and frictionally-damped fluids are governed by a linear framework that resembles quantum many-body theory. Besides the Fokker-Planck approach, there is a closely related Hopf functional methodfootnotetextOokie Ma and J. B. Marston, J. Stat. Phys. Th. Exp. P10007 (2005).; in both formalisms, zero modes of linear operators describe the stationary non-equilibrium statistics. To access the statistics, we generalize the flow equation approachfootnotetextF. Wegner, Ann. Phys. 3, 77 (1994). (also known as the method of continuous unitary transformationsfootnotetextS. D. Glazek and K. G. Wilson, Phys. Rev. D 48, 5863 (1993); Phys. Rev. D 49, 4214 (1994).) to find the zero mode. We test the approach using a prototypical model of geophysical and astrophysical flows on a rotating sphere that spontaneously organizes into a coherent jet. Good agreement is found with low-order equal-time statistics accumulated by direct numerical simulation, the traditional method. Different choices for the generators of the continuous transformations, and for closure approximations of the operator algebra, are discussed. Functional renormalization group and bosonization as a solver for 2D fermionic Hubbard models NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Schuetz, Florian; Marston, Brad 2007-03-01 The functional renormalization group (fRG) provides an unbiased framework to analyze competing instabilities in two-dimensional electron systems and has been used extensively over the past decade [1]. In order to obtain an equally unbiased tool to interprete the flow, we investigate the combination of a many-patch, one-loop calculation with higher dimensional bosonization [2] of the resulting low-energy action. Subsequently a semi-classical approximation [3] can be used to describe the resulting phases. The spinless Hubbard model on a square lattice with nearest neighbor repulsion is investigated as a test case. [1] M. Salmhofer and C. Honerkamp, Prog. Theor. Phys. 105, 1 (2001). [2] A. Houghton, H.-J. Kwon, J. B. Marston, Adv.Phys. 49, 141 (2000); P. Kopietz, Bosonization of interacting fermions in arbitrary dimensions, (Springer, Berlin, 1997). [3] H.-H. Lin, L. Balents, M. P. A. Fisher, Phys. Rev. B 56, 6569 6593 (1997); J. O. Fjaerestad, J. B. Marston, U. Schollwoeck, Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 321, 894 (2006). NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Csáki, Endre; Csörgő, Miklós; Földes, Antónia; Révész, Pál 2018-06-01 We consider random walks on the square lattice of the plane along the lines of Heyde (J Stat Phys 27:721-730, 1982, Stochastic processes, Springer, New York, 1993) and den Hollander (J Stat Phys 75:891-918, 1994), whose studies have in part been inspired by the so-called transport phenomena of statistical physics. Two-dimensional anisotropic random walks with anisotropic density conditions á la Heyde (J Stat Phys 27:721-730, 1982, Stochastic processes, Springer, New York, 1993) yield fixed column configurations and nearest-neighbour random walks in a random environment on the square lattice of the plane as in den Hollander (J Stat Phys 75:891-918, 1994) result in random column configurations. In both cases we conclude simultaneous weak Donsker and strong Strassen type invariance principles in terms of appropriately constructed anisotropic Brownian motions on the plane, with self-contained proofs in both cases. The style of presentation throughout will be that of a semi-expository survey of related results in a historical context. Spin entanglement in elastic electron scattering from lithium atoms NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Bartschat, K.; Santos, S. Fonseca dos 2017-04-01 In two recent papers [Blum and Lohmann, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 033201 (2016), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.033201; Lohmann et al., Phys. Rev. A 94, 032331 (2016), 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.032331], the possibility of continuously varying the degree of entanglement between an elastically scattered electron and the valence electron of an alkali-metal target was discussed. To estimate how well such a scheme may work in practice, we present results for elastic electron scattering from lithium in the energy regime of 1 -5 eV and the full range of scattering angles 0∘-180∘ . The most promising regime for Bell correlations in this particular collision system are energies between about 1.5 and 3.0 eV, in an angular range around 110∘±10∘ . In addition to the relative exchange asymmetry parameter, we present the differential cross section that is important when estimating the count rate and hence the feasibility of experiments using this system. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Gerbier, Fabrice; Goldman, Nathan; Lewenstein, Maciej; Sengstock, Klaus 2013-07-01 Building a universal quantum computer is a central goal of emerging quantum technologies, which has the potential to revolutionize science and technology. Unfortunately, this future does not seem to be very close at hand. However, quantum computers built for a special purpose, i.e. quantum simulators , are currently developed in many leading laboratories. Many schemes for quantum simulation have been proposed and realized using, e.g., ultracold atoms in optical lattices, ultracold trapped ions, atoms in arrays of cavities, atoms/ions in arrays of traps, quantum dots, photonic networks, or superconducting circuits. The progress in experimental implementations is more than spectacular. Particularly interesting are those systems that simulate quantum matter evolving in the presence of gauge fields. In the quantum simulation framework, the generated (synthetic) gauge fields may be Abelian, in which case they are the direct analogues of the vector potentials commonly associated with magnetic fields. In condensed matter physics, strong magnetic fields lead to a plethora of fascinating phenomena, among which the most paradigmatic is perhaps the quantum Hall effect. The standard Hall effect consists in the appearance of a transverse current, when a longitudinal voltage difference is applied to a conducting sample. For quasi-two-dimensional semiconductors at low temperatures placed in very strong magnetic fields, the transverse conductivity, the ratio between the transverse current and the applied voltage, exhibits perfect and robust quantization, independent for instance of the material or of its geometry. Such an integer quantum Hall effect, is now understood as a deep consequence of underlying topological order. Although such a system is an insulator in the bulk, it supports topologically robust edge excitations which carry the Hall current. The robustness of these chiral excitations against backscattering explains the universality of the quantum Hall effect. Another interesting and related effect, which arises from the interplay between strong magnetic field and lattice potentials, is the famous Hofstadter butterfly: the energy spectrum of a single particle moving on a lattice and subjected to a strong magnetic field displays a beautiful fractal structure as a function of the magnetic flux penetrating each elementary plaquette of the lattice. When the effects of interparticle interactions become dominant, two-dimensional gases of electrons exhibit even more exotic behaviour leading to the fractional quantum Hall effect. In certain conditions such a strongly interacting electron gas may form a highly correlated state of matter, the prototypical example being the celebrated Laughlin quantum liquid. Even more fascinating is the behaviour of bulk excitations (quasi-hole and quasi-particles): they are neither fermionic nor bosonic, but rather behave as anyons with fractional statistics intermediate between the two. Moreover, for some specific filling factors (ratio between the electronic density and the flux density), these anyons are proven to have an internal structure (several components) and non-Abelian braiding properties. Many of the above statements concern theoretical predictions—they have never been observed in condensed matter systems. For instance, the fractional values of the Hall conductance is seen as a direct consequence of the fractional statistics, but to date direct observation of anyons has not been possible in two-dimensional semiconductors. Realizing these predictions in experiments with atoms, ions, photons etc, which potentially allow the experimentalist to perform measurements complementary to those made in condensed matter systems, is thus highly desirable! Non-Abelian gauge fields couple the motional states of the particles to their internal degrees of freedom (such as hyperfine states for atoms or ions, electronic spins for electrons, etc). In this sense external non-Abelian fields extend the concept of spin-orbit coupling (Rashba and Dresselhaus couplings), familiar from AMO and condensed matter physics. They lead to yet another variety of fascinating phenomena such as the quantum spin Hall effect, three-dimensional topological insulators, topological superconductors and superfluids of various kinds. One also expects here the appearance of excitations in a form of topological edge states that can support robust transport, or entangled Majorana fermions in the case of topological superconductors or superfluids. Again, while many kinds of topological insulators have been realized in condensed matter systems, a controlled way of creating them in AMO systems and studying quantum phase transitions between various kinds of them is obviously very appealing and challenging. The various systems listed so far correspond to static gauge fields, which are externally imposed by the experimentalists. Even more fascinating is the possibility of generating synthetically dynamical gauge fields, i.e. gauge fields that evolve in time according to an interacting gauge theory, e.g., a full lattice gauge theory (LGT). These dynamical gauge fields can also couple to matter fields, allowing the quantum simulation of such complex systems (notoriously hard to simulate using 'traditional' computers), which are particularly relevant for modern high-energy physics. So far, most of the theoretical proposals concern the simulation of Abelian gauge theories, however, several groups have recently proposed extensions to the non-Abelian scenarios. The scope of the present focused issue of Journal of Physics B is to cover all of these developments, with particular emphasis on the non-Abelian gauge fields. The 14 papers in this issue include contributions from the leading theory groups working in this field; we believe that this collection will provide the reference set for quantum simulations of gauge fields. Although the special issue contains exclusively theoretical proposals and studies, it should be stressed that the progress in experimental studies of artificial Abelian and non-Abelian gauge fields in recent years has been simply spectacular. Multiple leading groups are working on this subject and have already obtained a lot of seminal results. The papers in the special issue are ordered according to the date of acceptance. The issue opens with a review article by Zhou et al [1] on unconventional states of bosons with synthetic spin-orbit coupling. Next, the paper by Maldonado-Mundo et al [2] studies ultracold Fermi gases with artificial Rashba spin-orbit coupling in a 2D gas. Anderson and Charles [3], in contrast, discuss a three-dimensional spin-orbit coupling in a trap. Orth et al [4] investigate correlated topological phases and exotic magnetism with ultracold fermions, again in the presence of artificial gauge fields. The paper of Nascimbène [5] does not address the synthetic gauge fields directly, but describes an experimental proposal for realizing one-dimensional topological superfluids with ultracold atomic gases; obviously, this problem is well situated in the general and growing field of topological superfluids, in particular those realized in the presence of non-Abelian gauge fields/spin-orbit coupling. Graß et al [6] consider in their paper fractional quantum Hall states of a Bose gas with spin-orbit coupling induced by a laser. Particular attention is drawn here to the possibility of realizing states with non-Abelian anyonic excitations. Zheng et al [7] study properties of Bose gases with Raman-induced spin-orbit coupling. Kiffner et al [8] in their paper touch on another kind of system, namely ultracold Rydberg atoms. In particular they study the generation of Abelian and non-Abelian gauge fields in dipole-dipole interacting Rydberg atoms. The behaviour of fermions in synthetic non-Abelian gauge potentials is discussed by Shenoy and Vyasanakere [9]. The paper starts with the study of Rashbon condensates (i.e. Bose condensates in the presence of Rashba coupling) and also introduces novel kinds of exotic Hamiltonians. Goldman et al [10] propose a concrete setup for realizing arbitrary non-Abelian gauge potentials in optical square lattices; they discuss how such synthetic gauge fields can be exploited to generate Chern insulators. Zygelman [11], similarly as Kiffner et al [8], discusses in his paper non-Abelian gauge fields in Rydberg systems. Marchukov et al [12] return to the subject of spin-orbit coupling, and investigate spectral gaps of spin-orbit coupled particles in the realistic situations of deformed traps. The last two papers, in contrast, are devoted to different subjects. Edmonds et al [13] consider a 'dynamical' density-dependent gauge potential, and study the Josephson effect in a Bose-Einstein condensate subject to such a potential. Last, but not least, Mazzucchi et al [14] study the properties of semimetal-superfluid quantum phase transitions in 3D lattices with Dirac points. References [1] Zhou X, Li Y, Cai Z and Wu C 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 134001 [2] Maldonado-Mundo D, Öhberg P and Valiente M 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 134002 [3] Anderson B M and Clark C W 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 134003 [4] Orth P P, Cocks D, Rachel S, Buchhold M, Le Hur K and Hofstetter W 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 134004 [5] Nascimbène S 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 134005 [6] Graß T, Juliá-Díaz B, Burrello M and Lewenstein M 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 134006 [7] Zheng W, Yu Z-Q, Cui X and Zhai H 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 134007 [8] Kiffner M, Li W and Jaksch D 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 134008 [9] Shenoy V B and Vyasanakere J P 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 134009 [10] Goldman N, Gerbier F and Lewenstein M 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 134010 [11] Zygelman B 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 134011 [12] Marchukov O V, Volosniev A G, Fedorov D V, Jensen A S and Zinner N T 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 134012 [13] Edmonds M J, Valiente M and Öhberg P 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 134013 [14] Mazzucchi G, Lepori L and Trombettoni A 2013 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46 134014 NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Williamson, Kathryn Elizabeth The topic of Newtonian gravity offers a unique vantage point from which to investigate and encourage conceptual change because it is something with which everyone has daily experience, and because it is taught in two courses that reach a wide variety of students - introductory-level college astronomy ("Astro 101") and physics ("Phys 101"). Informed by the constructivist theory of learning, this study characterizes and measures Astro 101 and Phys 101 students' understanding of Newtonian gravity within four conceptual domains - Directionality, Force Law, Independence of Other Forces, and Threshold. A phenomenographic analysis of Astro 101 student-supplied responses to open-ended questions about gravity results in the characterization of students' alternative mental models and misapplications of the scientific model. These student difficulties inform the development of a multiple-choice assessment instrument, the Newtonian Gravity Concept Inventory (NGCI). Classical Test Theory (CTT) statistics, student interviews, and expert review show that the NGCI is a reliable and valid tool for assessing both Astro 101 and Phys 101 students' understanding of gravity. Furthermore, the NGCI can provide extensive and robust information about differences between Astro 101 and Phys 101 students and curricula. Comparing and contrasting the Astro 101 and Phys 101 CTT values and student response patterns shows qualitative differences in each of the four conceptual domains. Additionally, performing an Item Response Theory (IRT) analysis of NGCI student response data calibrates item parameters for all Astro 101 and Phys 101 courses and provides Newtonian gravity ability estimates for each student. Physics students show significantly higher pre-instruction and post-instruction IRT abilities than astronomy students, but they show approximately equal gains. To investigate the differential effect of Astro 101 compared to Phys 101 curricula on students' overall post-instruction Newtonian gravity ability, linear regression models control for student characteristics and classroom dynamics. Results show that differences in post-instruction abilities are most influenced by students' pre-instruction abilities and the level of interactivity in the classroom, rather than the astronomy curriculum compared to the physics curriculum. These analyses show that the NGCI has broad capabilities. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Paziresh, M.; Kingston, A. M.; Latham, S. J.; Fullagar, W. K.; Myers, G. M. 2016-06-01 Dual-energy computed tomography and the Alvarez and Macovski [Phys. Med. Biol. 21, 733 (1976)] transmitted intensity (AMTI) model were used in this study to estimate the maps of density (ρ) and atomic number (Z) of mineralogical samples. In this method, the attenuation coefficients are represented [Alvarez and Macovski, Phys. Med. Biol. 21, 733 (1976)] in the form of the two most important interactions of X-rays with atoms that is, photoelectric absorption (PE) and Compton scattering (CS). This enables material discrimination as PE and CS are, respectively, dependent on the atomic number (Z) and density (ρ) of materials [Alvarez and Macovski, Phys. Med. Biol. 21, 733 (1976)]. Dual-energy imaging is able to identify sample materials even if the materials have similar attenuation coefficients at single-energy spectrum. We use the full model rather than applying one of several applied simplified forms [Alvarez and Macovski, Phys. Med. Biol. 21, 733 (1976); Siddiqui et al., SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition (Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2004); Derzhi, U.S. patent application 13/527,660 (2012); Heismann et al., J. Appl. Phys. 94, 2073-2079 (2003); Park and Kim, J. Korean Phys. Soc. 59, 2709 (2011); Abudurexiti et al., Radiol. Phys. Technol. 3, 127-135 (2010); and Kaewkhao et al., J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 109, 1260-1265 (2008)]. This paper describes the tomographic reconstruction of ρ and Z maps of mineralogical samples using the AMTI model. The full model requires precise knowledge of the X-ray energy spectra and calibration of PE and CS constants and exponents of atomic number and energy that were estimated based on fits to simulations and calibration measurements. The estimated ρ and Z images of the samples used in this paper yield average relative errors of 2.62% and 1.19% and maximum relative errors of 2.64% and 7.85%, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the method accounts for the beam hardening effect in density (ρ) and atomic number (Z) reconstructions to a significant extent. Xiao, Xuan; Wang, Pu; Chou, Kuo-Chen 2012-01-01 Nuclear receptors (NRs) form a family of ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate a wide variety of biological processes, such as homeostasis, reproduction, development, and metabolism. Human genome contains 48 genes encoding NRs. These receptors have become one of the most important targets for therapeutic drug development. According to their different action mechanisms or functions, NRs have been classified into seven subfamilies. With the avalanche of protein sequences generated in the postgenomic age, we are facing the following challenging problems. Given an uncharacterized protein sequence, how can we identify whether it is a nuclear receptor? If it is, what subfamily it belongs to? To address these problems, we developed a predictor called iNR-PhysChem in which the protein samples were expressed by a novel mode of pseudo amino acid composition (PseAAC) whose components were derived from a physical-chemical matrix via a series of auto-covariance and cross-covariance transformations. It was observed that the overall success rate achieved by iNR-PhysChem was over 98% in identifying NRs or non-NRs, and over 92% in identifying NRs among the following seven subfamilies: NR1thyroid hormone like, NR2HNF4-like, NR3estrogen like, NR4nerve growth factor IB-like, NR5fushi tarazu-F1 like, NR6germ cell nuclear factor like, and NR0knirps like. These rates were derived by the jackknife tests on a stringent benchmark dataset in which none of protein sequences included has pairwise sequence identity to any other in a same subset. As a user-friendly web-server, iNR-PhysChem is freely accessible to the public at either http://www.jci-bioinfo.cn/iNR-PhysChem or http://icpr.jci.edu.cn/bioinfo/iNR-PhysChem. Also a step-by-step guide is provided on how to use the web-server to get the desired results without the need to follow the complicated mathematics involved in developing the predictor. It is anticipated that iNR-PhysChem may become a useful high throughput tool for both basic research and drug design. PMID:22363503 ARKACHAISRI, THASCHAWEE; VILAIYUK, SOAMARAT; LI, SUZANNE; O’NEIL, KATHLEEN M.; POPE, ELENA; HIGGINS, GLORIA C.; PUNARO, MARILYNN; RABINOVICH, EGLA C.; ROSENKRANZ, MARGALIT; KIETZ, DANIEL A.; ROSEN, PAUL; SPALDING, STEVEN J.; HENNON, TERESA R.; TOROK, KATHRYN S.; CASSIDY, ELAINE; MEDSGER, THOMAS A. 2013-01-01 Objective To develop and evaluate a Localized Scleroderma (LS) Skin Severity Index (LoSSI) and global assessments’ clinimetric property and effect on quality of life (QOL). Methods A 3-phase study was conducted. The first phase involved 15 patients with LS and 14 examiners who assessed LoSSI [surface area (SA), erythema (ER), skin thickness (ST), and new lesion/extension (N/E)] twice for inter/intrarater reliability. Patient global assessment of disease severity (PtGA-S) and Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) were collected for intrarater reliability evaluation. The second phase was aimed to develop clinical determinants for physician global assessment of disease activity (PhysGA-A) and to assess its content validity. The third phase involved 2 examiners assessing LoSSI and PhysGA-A on 27 patients. Effect of training on improving reliability/validity and sensitivity to change of the LoSSI and PhysGA-A was determined. Results Interrater reliability was excellent for ER [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.71], ST (ICC 0.70), LoSSI (ICC 0.80), and PhysGA-A (ICC 0.90) but poor for SA (ICC 0.35); thus, LoSSI was modified to mLoSSI. Examiners’ experience did not affect the scores, but training/practice improved reliability. Intrarater reliability was excellent for ER, ST, and LoSSI (Spearman’s rho = 0.71–0.89) and moderate for SA. PtGA-S and CDLQI showed good intrarater agreement (ICC 0.63 and 0.80). mLoSSI correlated moderately with PhysGA-A and PtGA-S. Both mLoSSI and PhysGA-A were sensitive to change following therapy. Conclusion mLoSSI and PhysGA-A are reliable and valid tools for assessing LS disease severity and show high sensitivity to detect change over time. These tools are feasible for use in routine clinical practice. They should be considered for inclusion in a core set of LS outcome measures for clinical trials. PMID:19833758 NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Matzkin, A.; Jungen, Ch.; Ross, S. C. 2000-12-01 Multichannel quantum defect theory (MQDT) is used to calculate highly excited predissociated and preionized triplet gerade states of H2. The treatment is ab initio and is based on the clamped-nuclei quantum-defect matrices and dipole transition moments derived from quantum-chemical potential energy curves by Ross et al. [Can. J. Phys. (to be published)]. Level positions, predissociation or preionization widths and relative intensities are found to be in good agreement with those observed by Lembo et al. [Phys. Rev. A 38, 3447 (1988); J. Chem. Phys. 92, 2219 (1990)] by an optical-optical double resonance photoionization or depletion technique. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Peeters, A. G.; Angioni, C.; Strintzi, D. 2009-03-01 The comment addresses questions raised on the derivation of the momentum pinch velocity due to the Coriolis drift effect [A. G. Peeters et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 265003 (2007)]. These concern the definition of the gradient, and the scaling with the density gradient length. It will be shown that the turbulent equipartition mechanism is included within the derivation using the Coriolis drift, with the density gradient scaling being the consequence of drift terms not considered in [T. S. Hahm et al., Phys. Plasmas 15, 055902 (2008)]. Finally the accuracy of the analytic models is assessed through a comparison with the full gyrokinetic solution. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV) Lakhin, V. P.; Ilgisonis, V. I.; Peoples' Friendship University, 3 Ordzhonikidze St., Moscow 117198 2012-06-15 The equations for the continuous spectra derived in our paper [V. P. Lakhin and V. I. Ilgisonis, Phys. Plasmas 18, 092103 (2011)] can be reduced to the matrix form used by Goedbloed et al.[Phys. Plasmas 11, 28 (2004)]. It is shown that the assumptions made in our paper provide the elliptic flow regime and guarantee the existence of plasma equilibrium with nested magnetic surfaces of circular cross-section. The new results on magnetohydrodynamic instabilities of such tokamak equilibria obtained in our paper but absent in the paper by Goedbloed et al. are emphasized. Convergence of Mayer and Virial expansions and the Penrose tree-graph identity NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Procacci, Aldo; Yuhjtman, Sergio A. 2017-01-01 We establish new lower bounds for the convergence radius of the Mayer series and the Virial series of a continuous particle system interacting via a stable and tempered pair potential. Our bounds considerably improve those given by Penrose (J Math Phys 4:1312, 1963) and Ruelle (Ann Phys 5:109-120, 1963) for the Mayer series and by Lebowitz and Penrose (J Math Phys 7:841-847, 1964) for the Virial series. To get our results, we exploit the tree-graph identity given by Penrose (Statistical mechanics: foundations and applications. Benjamin, New York, 1967) using a new partition scheme based on minimum spanning trees. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Ardenghi, Juan S.; Castagnino, M.; Campoamor-Stursberg, R. 2009-10-01 The nonrelativistic limit of the centrally extended Poincaré group is considered and their consequences in the modal Hamiltonian interpretation of quantum mechanics are discussed [O. Lombardi and M. Castagnino, Stud. Hist. Philos. Mod. Phys 39, 380 (2008); J. Phys, Conf. Ser. 128, 012014 (2008)]. Through the assumption that in quantum field theory the Casimir operators of the Poincaré group actualize, the nonrelativistic limit of the latter group yields to the actualization of the Casimir operators of the Galilei group, which is in agreement with the actualization rule of previous versions of modal Hamiltonian interpretation [Ardenghi et al., Found. Phys. (submitted)]. Shetty, Dinesh A.; Frankel, Steven H. 2013-01-01 Summary The physical space version of the stretched vortex subgrid scale model [Phys. Fluids 12, 1810 (2000)] is tested in large eddy simulations (LES) of the turbulent lid driven cubic cavity flow. LES is carried out using a higher order finite-difference method [J. Comput. Phys. 229, 8802 (2010)]. The effects of different vortex orientation models and subgrid turbulence spectrums are assessed through comparisons of the LES predictions against direct numerical simulations (DNS) [Phys. Fluids 12, 1363 (2000)]. Three Reynolds numbers 12000, 18000, and 22000 are studied. Good agreement with the DNS data for the mean and fluctuating quantities is observed. PMID:24187423 DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV) Raitses, Y.; Smirnov, A.; Fisch, N. J. It is argued that the key difference in the cylindrical Hall thruster (CHT) as compared to the end-Hall ion source cannot be exclusively attributed to the magnetic field topology [Tang et al., J. Appl. Phys. 102, 123305 (2007)]. With a similar mirror-type topology, the CHT configuration provides the electric field with nearly equipotential magnetic field surfaces and a better suppression of the electron cross-field transport, as compared to both the end-Hall ion source and the cylindrical Hall ion source of [Tang et al., J. Appl. Phys. 102, 123305 (2007)]. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Kontur, F. J.; de La Harpe, K.; Terry, N. B. 2016-12-01 We reply to Rieger, Reinsberg, and Wieman's forgoing Comment [Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res., Comment on "Benefits of completing homework for students with different aptitudes in an introductory electricity and magnetism course" 12, 028001 (2016)]. ERIC Educational Resources Information Center Kontur, F. J.; de La Harpe, K.; Terry, N. B. 2016-01-01 We reply to Rieger, Reinsberg, and Wieman's forgoing Comment [Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res., Comment on "Benefits of completing homework for students with different aptitudes in an introductory electricity and magnetism course" 12, 028001 (2016)]. Topological Order in Silicon Photonics 2017-02-07 photonic edge states and quantum emitters [ S. Barik , H. Miyake, W. DeGottardi, E. Waks and M. Hafezi, New J. Phys., 18, 11301 (2016) ]. Entanglement... Barik , H. Miyake, W. DeGottardi, E. Waks, and M. Hafezi “Two-Dimensionally Confined Topological Edge States in Photonic Crystals”, New J. Phys., 18 Reply to ``Comment on `Suppression of chaos by resonant parametric perturbations' '' NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Lima, Ricardo; Pettini, Marco 1993-06-01 The preceding Comment [Cuadros and Chacón, Phys. Rev. E 47, 4628 (1993)] on the paper by Lima and Pettini [Phys. Rev. A 41, 726 (1990)] contains a correct premise; however, erroneous consequences are drawn from it. In this Reply we explain why. Belosludov, Rodion V; Rhoda, Hannah M; Zhdanov, Ravil K; Belosludov, Vladimir R; Kawazoe, Yoshiyuki; Nemykin, Victor N 2017-08-02 Correction for 'Conceptual design of tetraazaporphyrin- and subtetraazaporphyrin-based functional nanocarbon materials: electronic structures, topologies, optical properties, and methane storage capacities' by Rodion V. Belosludov et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2016, 18, 13503-13518. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Brunger, M. J.; Campbell, L.; Cartwright, D. C.; Middleton, A. G.; Mojarrabi, B.; Teubner, P. J. O. 2000-02-01 Integral cross sections (ICSs) for the excitation of 18 excited electronic states, and four composite excited electronic states, in nitric oxide (NO) have been determined for incident electron energies of 15, 20, 30, 40 and 50 eV. These ICSs were derived by extrapolating the respective measured differential cross sections (M J Brunger et al 2000 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 33 783) to 0° and 180° and by performing the appropriate integration. Comparison of the present ICSs with the results of those determined in earlier optical emission measurements, and from theoretical calculations is made. At each incident energy considered, the current ICSs are also summed along with the corresponding elastic and rovibrational excitation ICSs from B Mojarrabi et al (1995 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 28 487) and the ionization cross sections from Rapp and Englander-Golden (1965 J. Chem. Phys. 43 1464), to derive an estimate of the grand total cross sections (GTSs) for e- + NO scattering. The GTSs derived in this manner are compared with the results from independent linear transmission experiments and are found to be entirely consistent with them. The present excited electronic state ICS, and those for elastic and rovibrational excitation from Mojarrabi et al , appear to represent the first set of self-consistent cross sections for electron impact scattering from NO. Chiral Odd Structure Functions in The Nambu--Jona--Lasinio Soliton Model NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Gamberg, Leonard; Reinhardt, Hugo; Weigel, Herbert 1998-10-01 We study unpolarized and polarized nucleon structure functions(H. Weigel, L. Gamberg, and H. Reinhardt, Mod. Phys. Lett. A11) (1996) 3021; Phys. Lett. B399 (1997) 287;Phys. Rev. D55(1997) 6910. within the bosonized Nambu--Jona--Lasinio (NJL) model where the nucleon emerges as a chiral soliton(R. Alkofer, H. Reinhardt and H. Weigel, Phys. Rep. 265) (1996) 139.. These considerations attempt to merge the parton model description of deep inelastic scattering with the phenomenologically successful picture of baryons as chiral solitons. In addition we report on the calculation of the chiral odd quark distributions(L. Gamberg, H. Reinhardt and H. Weigel, "Chiral odd structure functions from a chiral soliton", hep-ph/9801379, Phys. Rev. D. in press.) and the corresponding structure functions h_T(x,Q^2) and h_L(x,Q^2). At the low model scale, Q_0^2, we find that the leading twist effective quark distributions, f_1^(q)(x,Q_0^2), g_1^(q)(x,Q_0^2) and h_T^(q)(x,Q_0^2) satisfy Soffer's inequality for both quark flavors q=u,d. The Q^2 evolution of the twist--2 contributions is performed according to the standard GLAP formalism while the twist--three pieces, \\overlineg_2(x) and \\overlineh_L(x), are evolved according to the large NC scheme. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Shepherd, James J.; López Ríos, Pablo; Needs, Richard J.; Drummond, Neil D.; Mohr, Jennifer A.-F.; Booth, George H.; Grüneis, Andreas; Kresse, Georg; Alavi, Ali 2013-03-01 Full configuration interaction quantum Monte Carlo1 (FCIQMC) and its initiator adaptation2 allow for exact solutions to the Schrödinger equation to be obtained within a finite-basis wavefunction ansatz. In this talk, we explore an application of FCIQMC to the homogeneous electron gas (HEG). In particular we use these exact finite-basis energies to compare with approximate quantum chemical calculations from the VASP code3. After removing the basis set incompleteness error by extrapolation4,5, we compare our energies with state-of-the-art diffusion Monte Carlo calculations from the CASINO package6. Using a combined approach of the two quantum Monte Carlo methods, we present the highest-accuracy thermodynamic (infinite-particle) limit energies for the HEG achieved to date. 1 G. H. Booth, A. Thom, and A. Alavi, J. Chem. Phys. 131, 054106 (2009). 2 D. Cleland, G. H. Booth, and A. Alavi, J. Chem. Phys. 132, 041103 (2010). 3 www.vasp.at (2012). 4 J. J. Shepherd, A. Grüneis, G. H. Booth, G. Kresse, and A. Alavi, Phys. Rev. B. 86, 035111 (2012). 5 J. J. Shepherd, G. H. Booth, and A. Alavi, J. Chem. Phys. 136, 244101 (2012). 6 R. Needs, M. Towler, N. Drummond, and P. L. Ríos, J. Phys.: Condensed Matter 22, 023201 (2010). NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Jolliet, S.; McMillan, B. F.; Vernay, T.; Villard, L.; Hatzky, R.; Bottino, A.; Angelino, P. 2009-07-01 In this paper, the influence of the parallel nonlinearity on zonal flows and heat transport in global particle-in-cell ion-temperature-gradient simulations is studied. Although this term is in theory orders of magnitude smaller than the others, several authors [L. Villard, P. Angelino, A. Bottino et al., Plasma Phys. Contr. Fusion 46, B51 (2004); L. Villard, S. J. Allfrey, A. Bottino et al., Nucl. Fusion 44, 172 (2004); J. C. Kniep, J. N. G. Leboeuf, and V. C. Decyck, Comput. Phys. Commun. 164, 98 (2004); J. Candy, R. E. Waltz, S. E. Parker et al., Phys. Plasmas 13, 074501 (2006)] found different results on its role. The study is performed using the global gyrokinetic particle-in-cell codes TORB (theta-pinch) [R. Hatzky, T. M. Tran, A. Könies et al., Phys. Plasmas 9, 898 (2002)] and ORB5 (tokamak geometry) [S. Jolliet, A. Bottino, P. Angelino et al., Comput. Phys. Commun. 177, 409 (2007)]. In particular, it is demonstrated that the parallel nonlinearity, while important for energy conservation, affects the zonal electric field only if the simulation is noise dominated. When a proper convergence is reached, the influence of parallel nonlinearity on the zonal electric field, if any, is shown to be small for both the cases of decaying and driven turbulence. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Bergman, R.; Jansson, H.; Swenson, J. 2011-01-01 In our recent article [R. Bergman et al., J. Chem. Phys. 132, 044504 (2010)] we investigated some polyalcohols, i.e., glycerol, xylitol, and sorbitol by dielectric spectroscopy. In the study, a low-frequency peak of Debye character that normally is hidden by the large low-frequency dispersion due to conductivity was revealed by analyzing the real part of the permittivity and by using a thin Teflon film to suppress the low-frequency dispersion. We agree with the comment by Paluch et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 134, 037101 (2011)] that the Teflon film setup will indeed create a peak due to the dc conductivity. However, due to the fact that the location of the peak was almost identical in measurement with and without Teflon, we unfortunately mainly showed the data measured with Teflon, despite that it could also be observed in the real part of the permittivity without using the Teflon setup, as shown in our original article [R. Bergman et al., J. Chem. Phys. 132, 044504 (2010)]. Here, we show that the low-frequency peak of Debye character can also be observed by subtracting the dc conductivity. Furthermore, we show that the modulus representation used in Paluch et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 134, 037101 (2011).] is also not suitable for detecting processes hidden by the conductivity. Revised and Extended Analysis of the Odd Parity Configurations of Five-Times Ionized Xenon: Xe VI NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Churilov, S. S.; Joshi, Y. N. Xenon spectra were recorded in the 300-1240 Å region on a 3 m and a 10.7 normal incidence spectrograph using a modified triggered spark source. The spectrum of five-times ionized xenon (Xe VI) was investigated. The previous analysis of the 5s25p,5s5p2, 5s25d and 5s26s configurations [V. Kaufman and J. Sugar, J. Opt. soc. Am. B4, 1924 (1987), A. Tauheed et al, J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 25, L561 (1992)] was confirmed. Three of the five levels of the 5p3 configurations [A. Tauheed et al. Div. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. (APS) & DAMP(CAP) joint meeting, Toronto, May 1995] and all the 5p3, 5s5p5d and 5s5p6s configurations levels [R. Sarmiento et al., J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 32, 2853 (1999)] have been found to be erroneous. 53 new lines have been classified in the Xe VI spectrum. Twenty nine additional levels belonging to the 5p3, 5f, 6p and 5s5p5d odd configurations have been established. Hartree-Fock calculations with relativistic corrections (HFR) and least-square-fitted calculations (LSF) were carried out to interpret the spectrum. Theoretical prediction of probable isotopes of superheavy nuclei of Z = 122 NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Manjunatha, H. C. 2016-11-01 We have studied the α-decay half-life and spontaneous fission half-lives of isotopes of superheavy element Z = 122 in the range 275 ≤ A ≥ 326. A comparison of calculated alpha half-lives with the literature [D. N. Poenaru, R. A. Gherghescu and W. Greiner, Phys. Rev. C 83 (2011) 014601, D. N. Poenaru, R. A. Gherghescu and W. Greiner, Phys. Rev. C 85 (2012) 034615] and the analytical formulas of Royer [G. Royer, J. Phys. G; Nucl. Part. Phys. 26 (2000) 1149] shows good agreement with each other. To identify the mode of decay of these isotopes, the spontaneous-fission half-lives were also evaluated using the semiempirical relation given by [C. Xu, Z. Ren and Y. Guo, Phys. Rev. C 78 (2008) 044329]. A comparative study on the competition of alpha decay versus spontaneous fission of superheavy nuclei (SHN) reveals that around eight isotopes (307-314122) survive fission and have alpha decay channel as the prominent mode of decay and hold the possibility to be synthesized in the laboratory. The alpha decay half-lives and spontaneous fission half-lives of SHN with Z = 122, A = 299-306, with Z = 120, A = 294-300, and with Z = 119, A = 292-297 are also studied. The present study will be useful in the synthesis of superheavy elements Z > 118 by using the actinide based reactions with stable projectiles heavier than 48Ca. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Istiyono, Edi 2017-08-01 The purpose of this research is to describe the results of higher order thinking skills in physics (PhysHOTS) measurement including: (1) percentage of PhysHOTS level and (2) percentage of the domination of response in the category of students in each analyzing, evaluating, and creating skill. There were 404 10th grade students in Bantul District as the respondents of this research. The instrument used for measurement was PhysReMChoTHOTS. It was divided into two sets consisting of 44 items and including 8 anchor items stated valid by a Physicist, Physics Education Expert, and Physics Education Measurement Expert. The instrument was fit to PCM. The reliability coefficient of this test is 0.71, while the difficulty index of the items ranges from -0.61 to 0.51. The results of the measurement show that: (1) The percentage of each category of PhysHOTS for the 10th grade students in Bantul District for the very low, low, medium, high, and very high category is 4.75 %, 40.30 %, 33.45 %, 19.50 %, and 2.00 %, respectively; and (2) The order in analyzing skills, starts from the weakest, is attributing, differentiating and organizing. The order in evaluating skills, starts from the weakest, is critiquing and checking. Meanwhile, the order in creating skills, starts from the weakest, is producing, planning, and generating. Virtual Compton Scattering and the Generalized Polarizabilities of the Proton NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Hyde-Wright, Charles E. 2002-10-01 The Virtual Compton Scattering (VCS) process: e p arrow e p γ is sensitive to the Electromagnetic Polarizabilities of the proton. As a function of the wavelength of the virtual photon, it is possible to map out the spatial variation of the polarization response. The Low Energy Theorem (P. Guichon et al.,Nucl.Phys.A591:606-638,1995) and the Dispersion Relation formalism (B. Pasquini et al., Eur.Phys.J.A11:185-208,2001), permit the extraction of the electric and magnetic polarizabilities from VCS data up to the two pion production threshold. At Jefferson Lab, we have measured the electric and magnetic polarization response at Q^2 = 1 and 1.7 GeV^2. These complement earlier measurements at Q^2 = 0.33 (J. Roche, et al., Phys.Rev.Lett.85:708,2000) and 0.0 GeV^2 (V. Olmos de Leon, et al., Eur.Phys.J.A10:207-215,2001, B.E. MacGibbon, et al., Phys.Rev.C52:2097-2109,1995). The electric polarization and magnetic responses are very different as a function of distance scale. The electric polarizability falls with Q^2 in accord with the electric form factor of the proton: G_E(Q^2). However, for the magnetic polarizability the data illustrate the strong cancellation of para- and dia-magnetism at all distance scales within the proton. Controlling Self-Assembly in Al(110) Homoepitaxy NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Tiwary, Yogesh; Fichthorn, Kristen 2010-03-01 Homoepitaxial growth on Al(110) exhibits nanoscale self-assembly into huts with well-defined (100) and (111) facets [1]. Although some of the diffusion mechanisms underlying this kinetic self-assembly were identified and incorporated into a two-dimensional model [2], we used density-functional theory (DFT) to identify many other mechanisms that are needed to describe the three-dimensional assembly seen experimentally [3]. We developed a three-dimensional kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) model of Al(110) homoepitaxy. The inputs to the model were obtained from DFT [3,4]. Our model is in agreement with experimentally observed trends for this system. We used KMC to predict self-assembly under various growth conditions. To achieve precise placement of Al nanohuts, we simulated thermal-field-directed assembly [5]. Our results indicate that this technique can be used to create uniform arrays of nanostructures. [1] F. Buatier de Mongeot, W. Zhu, A. Molle, R. Buzio, C. Boragno, U. Valbusa, E. Wang, and Z. Zhang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 016102 (2003). [2] W. Zhu, F. Buatier de Mongeot, U. Valbusa, E. G. Wang, and Z. Y. Zhang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 106102 (2004). [3] Y. Tiwary and K. A. Fichthorn, submitted to Phys. Rev. B. [4] Y. Tiwary and K. A. Fichthorn, Phys. Rev. B 78, 205418 (2008). [5] C. Zhang and R. Kalyanaraman, Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 4827 (2003). Quantum Communication Using Coherent Rejection Sampling NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Anshu, Anurag; Devabathini, Vamsi Krishna; Jain, Rahul 2017-09-01 Compression of a message up to the information it carries is key to many tasks involved in classical and quantum information theory. Schumacher [B. Schumacher, Phys. Rev. A 51, 2738 (1995), 10.1103/PhysRevA.51.2738] provided one of the first quantum compression schemes and several more general schemes have been developed ever since [M. Horodecki, J. Oppenheim, and A. Winter, Commun. Math. Phys. 269, 107 (2007); , 10.1007/s00220-006-0118-xI. Devetak and J. Yard, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 230501 (2008); , 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.230501A. Abeyesinghe, I. Devetak, P. Hayden, and A. Winter, Proc. R. Soc. A 465, 2537 (2009), 10.1098/rspa.2009.0202]. However, the one-shot characterization of these quantum tasks is still under development, and often lacks a direct connection with analogous classical tasks. Here we show a new technique for the compression of quantum messages with the aid of entanglement. We devise a new tool that we call the convex split lemma, which is a coherent quantum analogue of the widely used rejection sampling procedure in classical communication protocols. As a consequence, we exhibit new explicit protocols with tight communication cost for quantum state merging, quantum state splitting, and quantum state redistribution (up to a certain optimization in the latter case). We also present a port-based teleportation scheme which uses a fewer number of ports in the presence of information about input. EDITORIAL: Colloidal dispersions in external fields Colloidal dispersions in external fields NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Löwen, Hartmut 2012-11-01 Colloidal dispersions have long been proven as pivotal model systems for equilibrium phase transition such as crystallization, melting and liquid-gas phase transition. The last decades have revealed that this is also true for nonequilibrium phenomena. In fact, the fascinating possibility to track the individual trajectories of colloidal particles has greatly advanced our understanding of collective behaviour in classical many-body systems and has helped to reveal the underlying physical principles of glass transition, crystal nucleation, and interfacial dynamics (to name just a few typical nonequilibrium effects). External fields can be used to bring colloids out of equilibrium in a controlled way. Different kinds of external fields can be applied to colloidal dispersions, namely shear flow, electric, magnetic and laser-optical fields, and confinement. Typical research areas can be sketched with the by now traditional complexity diagram (figure 1). The complexity of the colloidal system itself as embodied in statistical degrees of freedom is shown on the x-axis while the complexity of the problem posed, namely bulk, an inhomogeneity in equilibrium, steady state nonequilibrium and full time-dependent nonequilibrium are shown on the y-axis. The different external fields which can be imposed are indicated by the different hatched areas. figure1 Figure 1. Diagram of complexity for colloidal dispersions in external fields: while the x-axis shows the complexity of the system, the y-axis shows the complexity of the problem. Regions which can be accessed by different kinds of external fields are indicated. The arrows indicate recent research directions. Active particles are also indicated with a special complexity of internal degrees of freedom [1]. This collection of papers reflects the scientific programme of the International Conference on Colloidal Dispersions in External Fields III (CODEF III) which took place in Bonn-Bad Godesberg from 20-23 March 2012. This was the third conference in a series that began in 2004 [2] and was continued in 2008 [3]. The CODEF meeting series is held in conjunction with the German Dutch Transregional Collaborative Research Centre SFB TR6 with the title Physics of Colloidal Dispersions in External Fields. Papers from scientists working within this network as well as those from further invited contributors are summarized in this issue. They are organized according to the type of field applied, namely: shear flow electric field laser-optical and magnetic field confinement other fields and active particles To summarize the highlights of this special issue as regards shear fields, the response of depletion-induced colloidal clusters to shear is explored in [4]. Soft particles deform under shear and their structural and dynamical behaviour is studied both by experiment [5] and theory [6]. Transient dynamics after switching on shear is described by a joint venture of theory, simulation and experiment in [7]. Colloids provide the fascinating possibility to drag single particles through the suspension, which gives access to microrheology (as opposed to macrorheology, where macroscopic boundaries are moved). Several theoretical aspects of microrheology are discussed in this issue [8-10]. Moreover, a microscopic theory for shear viscosity is presented [11]. Various aspects of colloids in electric fields are also included in this issue. Electrokinetic phenomena for charged suspensions couple flow and electric phenomena in an intricate way and are intensely discussed both by experiment and simulation in contributions [12-14]. Dielectric phenomena are also influenced by electric fields [15]. Electric fields can induce effective dipolar forces between colloids leading to string formation [16]. Finally, binary mixtures in an electric driving field exhibit laning [17]. Simulation [18] and theoretical [19] studies of this nonequilibrium phenomenon are also discussed in this issue. Laser-optical fields can be used to tailor a random substrate potential for colloids [20] or to bind colloids optically [21]. External magnetic fields are typically used to create dipolar repulsions of colloids pending at an air-water interface. This provides an avenue to two-dimensional systems, where the freezing transition [22] and various transport phenomena through channels are the focus of recent research [23, 24]. Confinement typically leads to interfaces. The classical problem of the Tolman length for a fluid-fluid interface is reviewed in detail in [25]. In fact, colloid-polymer mixtures constitute ideal model systems for liquid-gas interfaces in various geometries [26] and are also suitable for measuring the Tolman length experimentally. Crystalline phases in confinement [27] and crystal-fluid interfaces [28] are even more complex due to the inhomogeneity of the solid phase. Also in the confined fluid phase, there are still open issues in slit-pore geometry. These include how to scale the interparticle distance [29] and how to measure hydrodynamic interactions between colloidal particles [30]. Other external fields which can be applied to colloids are gravity [31] and temperature [32]. An important field of recently emerging research is active colloidal particles (so-called microswimmers) which possess fascinating nonequilibrium properties; for recent reviews see [33-35]. Two examples are also included in this issue: an active deformable particle [36] moving in gravity and the collective turbulent swarming behaviour of dense self-propelled colloidal rod suspensions [37]. References [1]Löwen H 2001 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 13 R415 [2]Löwen H and Likos C N (ed) 2004 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 16 (special issue) [3]Löwen H 1976 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 20 404201 [4]Guu D, Dhont J K G, Vliegenthart G A and Lettinga M P 2012 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 24 464101 [5]Gupta S, Kundu S, Stellbrink J, Willner L, Allgaier J and Richter D 2012 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 24 464102 [6]Singh S P, Fedosov D A, Chatterji A, Winkler R G, Gompper G 2012 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 24 464103 [7]Laurati M et al 2012 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 24 464104 [8]Harrer C J, Winter D, Horbach J, Fuchs M and Voigtmann T 2012 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 24 464105 [9]De Puit R J and Squires T M 2012 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 24 464106 [10]De Puit R J and Squires T M 2012 J. Phys. Condens. 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Matter 24 464117 [22]Dillmann P, Maret G and Keim P 2012 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 24 464118 [23]Wilms D et al 2012 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 24 464119 [24]Kreuter C, Siems U, Henseler P, Nielaba P, Leiderer P and Erbe A 2012 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 24 464120 [25]Malijevsky A and Jackson G 2012 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 24 464121 [26]Statt A, Winkler A, Virnau P and Binder K 2012 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 24 464122 [27]Oğuz E C, Löwen H, Reinmüller A, Schöpe H J, Palberg T and Messina R 2012 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 24 464123 [28]Oettel M 2012 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 24 464124 [29]Zeng Y and van Klitzing R 2012 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 24 464125 [30]Bonilla-Capilla B, Ramirez-Saito A, Ojeda-Lopez M A and Arauz-Lara J L 2012 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 24 464126 [31]Leferink op Reinink A B G M, van den Pol E, Byelov D V, Petukhov A V and Vroege G J 2012 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 24 464127 [32]Taylor S L, Evans R and Royall C P 2012 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 24 464128 [33]Toner J, Tu Y H and Ramaswamy S 2012 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 24 464110 [34]Schmitz R and Dünweg B 2005 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 318 170 [35]Cates M E 2012 Rep. Prog. Phys. 75 042601 [36]Tarama M and Ohta T 2012 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 24 464129 [37]Wensink H H and Löwen H 2012 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 24 464130 Colloidal dispersions in external fields contents Colloidal dispersions in external fieldsHartmut Löwen Depletion induced clustering in mixtures of colloidal spheres and fd-virusD Guu, J K G Dhont, G A Vliegenthart and M P Lettinga Advanced rheological characterization of soft colloidal model systemsS Gupta, S K Kundu, J Stellbrink, L Willner, J Allgaier and D Richter Conformational and dynamical properties of ultra-soft colloids in semi-dilute solutions under shear flowSunil P Singh, Dmitry A Fedosov, Apratim Chatterji, Roland G Winkler and Gerhard Gompper Transient dynamics in dense colloidal suspensions under shear: shear rate dependenceM Laurati, K J Mutch, N Koumakis, J Zausch, C P Amann, A B Schofield, G Petekidis, J F Brady, J Horbach, M Fuchs and S U Egelhaaf Force-induced diffusion in microrheologyCh J Harrer, D Winter, J Horbach, M Fuchs and Th Voigtmann Micro-macro-discrepancies in nonlinear microrheology: I. Quantifying mechanisms in a suspension of Brownian ellipsoidsRyan J DePuit and Todd M Squires Micro-macro discrepancies in nonlinear microrheology: II. Effect of probe shapeRyan J DePuit and Todd M Squires Viscosity of electrolyte solutions: a mode-coupling theoryClaudio Contreras-Aburto and Gerhard Nägele Electro-kinetics of charged-sphere suspensions explored by integral low-angle super-heterodyne laser Doppler velocimetryThomas Palberg, Tetyana Köller, Bastian Sieber, Holger Schweinfurth, Holger Reiber and Gerhard Nägele Electrokinetics on superhydrophobic surfacesPeriklis Papadopoulos, Xu Deng, Doris Vollmer and Hans-Jürgen Butt Numerical electrokineticsR Schmitz and B Dünweg Dielectric response of nanoscopic spherical colloids in alternating electric fields: a dissipative particle dynamics simulationJiajia Zhou and Friederike Schmid Self-assembly of colloidal particles into strings in a homogeneous external electric or magnetic fieldFrank Smallenburg, Hanumantha Rao Vutukuri, Arnout Imhof, Alfons van Blaaderen and Marjolein Dijkstra The nature of the laning transition in two dimensionsT Glanz and H Löwen Microscopic theory for anisotropic pair correlations in driven binary mixturesMatthias Kohl, Alexei V Ivlev, Philip Brandt, Gregor E Morfill and Hartmut Löwen Dynamics of individual colloidal particles in one-dimensional random potentials: a simulation studyRichard D L Hanes and Stefan U Egelhaaf An interacting dipole model to explore broadband transverse optical bindingMichael Mazilu, Andrew Rudhall, Ewan M Wright and Kishan Dholakia Comparison of 2D melting criteria in a colloidal systemPatrick Dillmann, Georg Maret and Peter Keim Effects of confinement and external fields on structure and transport in colloidal dispersions in reduced dimensionalityD Wilms, S Deutschländer, U Siems, K Franzrahe, P Henseler, P Keim, N Schwierz, P Virnau, K Binder, G Maret and P Nielaba Stochastic transport of particles across single barriersChristian Kreuter, Ullrich Siems, Peter Henseler, Peter Nielaba, Paul Leiderer and Artur Erbe A perspective on the interfacial properties of nanoscopic liquid dropsAlexandr Malijevský and George Jackson Controlling the wetting properties of the Asakura-Oosawa model and applications to spherical confinementA Statt, A Winkler, P Virnau and K Binder Crystalline multilayers of charged colloids in soft confinement: experiment versus theoryE C Oğuz, A Reinmüller, H J Schöpe, T Palberg, R Messina and H Löwen Mode expansion for the density profiles of crystal-fluid interfaces: hard spheres as a test caseM Oettel Scaling of layer spacing of charged particles under slit-pore confinement: an effect of concentration or of effective particle diameter?Yan Zeng and Regine von Klitzing Hydrodynamic interactions between colloidal particles in a planar poreB Bonilla-Capilla, A Ramírez-Saito, M A Ojeda-López and J L Arauz-Lara Ageing in a system of polydisperse goethite boardlike particles showing rich phase behaviourA B G M Leferink op Reinink, E van den Pol, D V Byelov, A V Petukhov and G J Vroege Temperature as an external field for colloid-polymer mixtures: 'quenching' by heating and 'melting' by coolingShelley L Taylor, Robert Evans and C Patrick Royall Spinning motion of a deformable self-propelled particle in two dimensionsMitsusuke Tarama and Takao Ohta Emergent states in dense systems of active rods: from swarming to turbulenceH H Wensink and H Löwen Ultrafast Electron Plasma Index: An Ionization Perspective 2014-05-29 picture in mind, the derivation of the index was a combination of the principle of least action and Fermat’s principle. 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[24] A Walsh, Da Silva, and Wei Reply DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV) Walsh, A.; Da Silva, J. L. F.; Wei, S. H. 2009-04-17 This is a reply to Stefano Sanvito and Chaitanya Das Pemmaraju's, Comment on Theoretical Description of Carrier Mediated Magnetism in Cobalt Doped ZnO, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 159701 (2009); and the original article is Theoretical Description of Carrier Mediated Magnetism in Cobalt Doped ZnO, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 256401 (2008). PREFACE: Introductory remarks Introductory remarks NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Bowler, D. R.; Alfe, D. 2010-02-01 This special issue contains papers related to the 2009 Thomas Young Centre Workshop at University College London 'Accessing large length and time scales with accurate quantum methods', in celebration of Professor Michael Gillan's 65th birthday. Mike Gillan won the 2006 Institute of Physics Dirac Medal and Prize, the citation reading: 'For his contributions to the development of atomic-scale computer simulations, which have greatly extended their power and effectiveness over an immense range of applications'. This rightly highlights Mike's seminal work on materials modelling, but misses out some of the many other areas he has enriched. After taking his PhD at the Department of Theoretical Physics, Oxford University, Mike went as a post-doc to Minneapolis. He then joined the Statistical Physics Group in the Theoretical Physics Division, Harwell, where he stayed for over 20 years, with a brief interlude in Saclay. In the late 1980s, Mike made a transition to become Professor of Physics at the University of Keele, where he stayed for a decade until University College London was fortunate in being able to tempt him to join the Condensed Matter and Material Physics Group, where there was already a significant materials modelling initiative. Over the years, Mike has made many important contributions, some with impact on other areas of science, others with significance in technology areas such as nuclear safety. Thus, he developed a form of quantum transition-state theory, generalizing Eyring's well-known classical transition-state theory to the case of quantum particles, such as hydrogen, diffusing in condensed matter. He pioneered quantum methods for calculating defect energetics in solids, and then molecular processes on surfaces. He synthesised these approaches into very general ways to calculate thermodynamic free energies of condensed matter from first principles, drawing on his early experience of statistical physics. These methods led to rapid advances in the study of matter under extreme conditions, as in the Earth's core. A further powerful development has been his input to linear-scaling quantum techniques for the properties of very large complex systems. In recent years, his attention has shifted towards increasing accuracy, touching areas such as quantum Monte Carlo and hierarchical quantum chemical techniques. In this journal issue, we have papers which both reflect topics from the workshop and address a number of areas which are directly in Mike's interests or which have been influenced by his work or assistance. There are papers addressing accuracy in quantum simulations [1-5], methods for applying quantum techniques to large systems [6, 7] and applications of quantum simulations to important problems [8-10]. We also have a viewpoint on magnetism in oxides and carbon [11], prompted by Mike's innovative work on oxides. References [1] Nolan S J, Bygrave P J, Allan N L and Manby F R 2010 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 22 074201 [2] Badinski A, Haynes P D, Trail J R and Needs R J 2010 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 22 074202 [3] Klimeš J, Bowler D R and Michaelides A 2010 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 22 074203 [4] Baroni S, Gebauer R, Malcιoğlu O B, Saad Y, Umari P and Xian J 2010 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 22 074204 [5] Toton D, Lorenz C D, Rompotis N, Martsinovich N and Kantorovich L 2010 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 22 074205 [6] Fujiwara T, Hoshi T, Yamamoto S, Sogabe T and Zhang S-L 2010 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 22 074206 [7] Bowler D R and Miyazari T 2010 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 22 074207 [8] Er S, van Setten M J, de Wijs G A and Brocks G 2010 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 22 074208 [9] Pan D, Liu L-M, Tribello G A, Slater B, Michaelides A and Wang E 2010 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 22 074209 [10] Choudhury R, Gattinoni C, Makov G and De Vita A 2010 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 22 074210 [11] Stoneham M 2010 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 22 074211 The QUANTGRID Project (RO)—Quantum Security in GRID Computing Applications NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Dima, M.; Dulea, M.; Petre, M.; Petre, C.; Mitrica, B.; Stoica, M.; Udrea, M.; Sterian, R.; Sterian, P. 2010-01-01 The QUANTGRID Project, financed through the National Center for Programme Management (CNMP-Romania), is the first attempt at using Quantum Crypted Communications (QCC) in large scale operations, such as GRID Computing, and conceivably in the years ahead in the banking sector and other security tight communications. In relation with the GRID activities of the Center for Computing & Communications (Nat.'l Inst. Nucl. Phys.—IFIN-HH), the Quantum Optics Lab. (Nat.'l Inst. Plasma and Lasers—INFLPR) and the Physics Dept. (University Polytechnica—UPB) the project will build a demonstrator infrastructure for this technology. The status of the project in its incipient phase is reported, featuring tests for communications in classical security mode: socket level communications under AES (Advanced Encryption Std.), both proprietary code in C++ technology. An outline of the planned undertaking of the project is communicated, highlighting its impact in quantum physics, coherent optics and information technology. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Li, Xiaoping; Harrison, James F.; Gustafsson, Magnus; Wang, Fei; Abel, Martin; Frommhold, Lothar; Hunt, Katharine L. C. 2012-12-01 New ab initio results are reported for the interaction-induced changes in the dipole moments and polarizabilities of pairs of hydrogen molecules, computed using finite-field coupled-cluster methods in MOLPRO 2000 and GAMESS, with an aug-cc-pV5Z (spdf) basis set. Earlier work by X. Li, C. Ahuja, J. F. Harrison, and K. L. C. Hunt, J. Chem. Phys. 126, 214302 (2007), on collision-induced polarizabilities Δα has been extended with 170 additional geometrical configurations of the H2 pairs. In calculations of Δα, we have used a "random field" technique, with up to 120 different field strengths, having components that range from 0.001 to 0.01 a.u. Numerical tests show that the pair dipoles Δμ can be obtained accurately from calculations limited to 6 values of the field in each direction, so this approach has been used to compute Δμ by X. Li, K. L. C. Hunt, F. Wang, M. Abel, and L. Frommhold, Int. J. Spectroscopy 2010, 371201 (2010). We have evaluated the collision-induced dipoles of H2 pairs for 28 combinations of bond lengths (ranging from 0.942 a.u. to 2.801 a.u.), 7 intermolecular separations R, and 17 different relative orientations. In our work on Δα, the bond lengths are fixed at 1.449 a.u. Our results agree well with the previous ab initio work of W. Meyer, A. Borysow, and L. Frommhold, Phys. Rev. A 40, 6931 (1989), and of Y. Fu, C. G. Zheng and A. Borysow, J. Quant. Spectroscopy and Rad. Transfer, 67, 303 (2000)-where those data exist-for Δμ of H2 pairs. For Δα, our results agree well with the CCSD(T) results obtained by G. Maroulis, J. Phys. Chem. A 104, 4772 (2000) for two pair orientations and fixed R. The pair polarizability anisotropies also agree well with the small-basis self-consistent field results of D. G. Bounds, Mol. Phys. 38, 2099 (1979), although the trace of the polarizability differs by factors of 2 or more from Bounds' results. We have determined the expansion coefficients for Δμ and Δα, expressed as series in the spherical harmonics of the orientation angles of the intermolecular vector and of unit vectors along the molecular axes. The leading coefficients converge at long range to the predictions from perturbation theory, derived by J. E. Bohr and K. L. C. Hunt, J. Chem. Phys. 87, 3821 (1987); T. Bancewicz, W. G.az, and S. Kielich, Chem. Phys. 128, 321 (1988); and X. Li and K. L. C. Hunt, J. Chem. Phys. 100, 7875 (1994); ibid, 9276 (1994). Based on our results for Δμ, we find excellent agreement for the binary rototranslational absorption spectrum of H2 at 297.5 K as calculated by X. Li, K. L. C. Hunt, F. Wang, M. Abel, and L. Frommhold, Int. J. Spectroscopy 2010, 371201 (2010) and as determined experimentally by G. Bachet, E. R. Cohen, P. Dore, and G. Birnbaum, Can. J. Phys. 61, 591 (1983), out to ˜1500 cm-1. We have also calculated the vibrational spectra out to 20,000 cm-1, at T = 600 K, 1000 K, and 2000 K, for which there are no experimental data. We are currently working to extend the temperature range in the calculations to 7000 K, for application in modeling the spectra of cool white dwarf stars. We have used the results for Δα to calculate collision-induced rototranslational Raman spectra for H2 pairs [M. Gustafsson, L. Frommhold, X. Li, and K. L. C. Hunt, J. Chem. Phys. 130, 164314 (2009)]. Experimental results for the Raman spectra have been reported by U. Bafile, M. Zoppi, F. Barocchi, M. S. Brown, and L. Frommhold, Phys. Rev. A 40, 1654 (1989); U. Bafile, L. Ulivi, M. Zoppi, F. Barocchi, M. Moraldi, and A. Borysow, Phys. Rev. A 42, 6916 (1990); and M. S. Brown, S.-K. Wang, and L. Frommhold, Phys. Rev. A 40, 2276 (1989). Agreement between our calculations and experiment is good for both the polarized and depolarized spectra, with the remaining discrepancies probably attributable to the difference between the static (calculated) and frequency-dependent (experimental) values of Δα. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV) Albeverio, Sergio; Chen Kai; Fei Shaoming A necessary separability criterion that relates the structures of the total density matrix and its reductions is given. The method used is based on the realignment method [K. Chen and L. A. Wu, Quant. Inf. Comput. 3, 193 (2003)]. The separability criterion naturally generalizes the reduction separability criterion introduced independently in the previous work [M. Horodecki and P. Horodecki, Phys. Rev. A 59, 4206 (1999) and N. J. Cerf, C. Adami, and R. M. Gingrich, Phys. Rev. A 60, 898 (1999)]. In special cases, it recovers the previous reduction criterion and the recent generalized partial transposition criterion [K. Chen andmore » L. A. Wu, Phys. Lett. A 306, 14 (2002)]. The criterion involves only simple matrix manipulations and can therefore be easily applied.« less Optimized norm-conserving Hartree-Fock pseudopotentials NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Walter, Eric J.; Al-Saidi, Wissam A. 2006-03-01 We report soft Hartree-Fock based pseudopotentials obtained using the optimized pseudopotential method. The spurious long range tail due to the non locality of the exchange potential is removed using a self-consistent damping mechanism as employed in exact exchange and recent Hartree-Fock pseudopotentials. The binding energies of several dimers computed using these pseudopotentials within a planewave Hartree-Fock code show good agreement with all-electron results. A. M. Rappe, K. M. Rabe, E. Kaxiras, and J. D. Joannopoulos, Phys. Rev. B 41, 1227 (1990). E. Engel, A. Höck, R. N. Schmid, R. M. Dreizler, and N. Chetty, Phys. Rev. B 64, 125111 (2001). J.R. Trail and R. J. Needs, J. Chem. Phys. 122, 014112 (2005). Second Order Born Effects in the Perpendicular Plane Ionization of Xe (5p) Atoms NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Purohit, G.; Singh, Prithvi; Patidar, Vinod We report triple differential cross section (TDCS) results for the perpendicular plane ionization of xenon atoms at incident electron energies 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 eV above ionization potential. The TDCS calculation have been preformed within the modified distorted wave Born approximation formalism including the second order Born (SBA) amplitude. We compare the (e, 2e) TDCS result of our calculation with the very recent measurements of Nixon and Murray [Phys. Rev. A 85, 022716 (2012)] and relativistic DWBA-G results of Illarionov and Stauffer [J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 45, 225202 (2012)] and discuss the process contributing to structure seen in the differential cross section. Less Decoherence and More Coherence in Quantum Gravity, Inflationary Cosmology and Elsewhere NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Okon, Elias; Sudarsky, Daniel 2016-07-01 In Crull (Found Phys 45:1019-1045, 2015) it is argued that, in order to confront outstanding problems in cosmology and quantum gravity, interpretational aspects of quantum theory can by bypassed because decoherence is able to resolve them. As a result, Crull (Found Phys 45:1019-1045, 2015) concludes that our focus on conceptual and interpretational issues, while dealing with such matters in Okon and Sudarsky (Found Phys 44:114-143, 2014), is avoidable and even pernicious. Here we will defend our position by showing in detail why decoherence does not help in the resolution of foundational questions in quantum mechanics, such as the measurement problem or the emergence of classicality. Unimolecular Reactions of Nitrites and Nitrates. 1983-04-01 02 and in the presence of excess NO. A ’similar conclusion was drawn by Kabasakalian and Townley [69) from Iphotolysis of octyl nitrite. McMillan [70...Pimentel, J. Chem. Phys., 29, 883 (1958). 68. P.L. Hanst and J.G. Calvert, 3. Phys. Chem., 63, 2071 (1959). 69. P. Kabasakalian and E.R. Townley , J. Am Compact Magnetic Antennas for Directional Excitation of Surface Plasmons 2012-07-01 Steininger, G.; Koch, M.; von Plessen, G.; Feldmann, J. Launching surface plasmons into nanoholes in metal films. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2000, 76, 140−142...plasmons at single nanoholes in Au films. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2004, 85, 467−469. (14) Baudrion, A.-L.; et al. Coupling efficiency of light to surface ERIC Educational Resources Information Center Tan, A.; Lyatskaya, I. 2009-01-01 The interesting papers by Margaritondo (2005 "Eur. J. Phys." 26 401) and by Helene and Yamashita (2006 "Eur. J. Phys." 27 855) analysed the great Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 using a simple one-dimensional canal wave model, which was appropriate for undergraduate students in physics and related fields of discipline. In this paper, two additional,… Optical Spin Initialization and Nondestructive Measurement in a Quantum Dot Molecule 2008-12-02 in fre- quency domain [7], and coherent spin rotations in time domain [8,9]). We thank M. F. Doty and V. L. Korenev for illuminating discussions...035409 (2007). [29] V. L. Korenev , Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 256405 (2007). [30] A. I. Tartakovskii et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 026806 (2007). [31] A In Situ Studies of the Decomposition of Simulated Chemical Warfare Agents on Nanoparticle Catalysts 2009-10-04 University of South Carolina NUMBER Office of Sponsored Programs & Research James F. Byrnes International Center Columbia, SC 29208 - 9...P.; Barrat , J. L. Phys. Rev. B 1997, 56, 2248. (28) Ercolessi, F.; Andreoni, W.; Tosatti, E. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1991, 66, 911. (29) Marks, L. D Lithium Borides - High Energy Materials 2000-02-28 1993. 99, 7983. (32) Pulay P.; Hamilton. T. P. J. Chem. Phys. 1988, 88. 4926 . (33) Frisch. M. J.: Trucks. G. W.; Schlegel. H. B.: Gill, P. M. W...25] P.V. Sudhakar, K. Lammertsma, J. Chem. Phys. 99 (1993) 7929. [26] M.J. van der Woerd, K. Lammertsma, B.J. Duke, H.F. Schaefer , III, J Theoretical Study of the Saturated Stage of a Relativistic Magnetron 2008-11-30 mentioned that an earlier method to estimate the validity of a variational approximation had been given in Ref. [28], where Dexais, Anderson and Lasik ...Zemlyanaya. Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 (1998)5117. [28] M. Dexais. D. Anderson. M. Lasik . Phys. Rev. A 40 (1989) 2441. This research was supported in part by Operation of SCINDA Receiver at the University of Calcutta and Space Weather Studies 2015-02-18 Terr . Phys., 2014]. (ii) The pole ward gradient of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) introduces more intense propagation effects on...in the Indian longitude sector: Case studies, T. Das, K.S. Paul and A. Paul, J. Atmos. Sol. Terr . Phys., http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp Robust SERS Enhancement Factor Statistics Using Rotational Correlation Spectroscopy 2012-05-02 Polymer coatings quench the reaction , preventing further aggregation when a Raman active molecule is added. (B) The bulk Raman spectrum of MBA in...Schrof, W. J. Phys. Chem. A 2001, 105, 3673. (12) Jiang, J.; Bosnick, K.; Maillard , M.; Brus, L. J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 9964. (13) Talley, C. E Analogical Scaffolding and the Learning of Abstract Ideas in Physics: Empirical Studies ERIC Educational Resources Information Center Podolefsky, Noah S.; Finkelstein, Noah D. 2007-01-01 Previously, we proposed a model of student reasoning which combines the roles of representation, analogy, and layering of meaning--analogical scaffolding [Podolefsky and Finkelstein, Phys. Rev. ST Phys. Educ. Res. 3, 010109 (2007)]. The present empirical studies build on this model to examine its utility and demonstrate the vital intertwining of… Overlayer-Induced Enhanced Oxidation of GaAs Surfaces. 1985-12-31 Foundation under grant No. DMR-8020164 and we gratefully acknowledge the cheerful support of its staff. REFERENCES 1. A. Hiraki , M. A. Nicolet, and J...W. Mayer, Appl. Phys. Lett. 18, 178 (1971); T. Narusawa, S. Komiya, and A. Hiraki , Appl. Phys. Lett. 20, 278 (1972). 2. A. Cros, J. Derrien, and F One loop back reaction on power law inflation DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV) Abramo, L.R.; Woodard, R.P. 1999-08-01 We consider quantum-mechanical corrections to a homogeneous, isotropic, and spatially flat geometry whose scale factor expands classically as a general power of the comoving time. The effects of both gravitons and the scalar inflaton are computed at one loop using the manifestly causal formalism of Schwinger [J. Math. Phys. {bold 2}, 407 (1961); {ital Particles, Sources and Fields} (Addison, Wesley, Reading, MA, 1970)] with the Feynman rules recently developed by Iliopoulos {ital et al.} [Nucl. Phys. B {bold 534}, 419 (1998)]. We find no significant effect, in marked contrast to the result obtained by Mukhanov and co-workers [Phys. Rev. Lett.more » {bold 78}, 1624 (1998); Phys. Rev. D {bold 56}, 3248 (1997)] for chaotic inflation based on a quadratic potential. By applying the canonical technique of Mukhanov and co-workers to the exponential potentials of power law inflation, we show that the two methods produce the same results, within the approximations employed, for these backgrounds. We therefore conclude that the shape of the inflaton potential can have an enormous impact on the one loop back reaction. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}« less Okamoto, Satoshi; Alvarez, Gonzalo; Dagotto, Elbio; Tohyama, Takami 2018-04-01 We examine the accuracy of the microcanonical Lanczos method (MCLM) developed by Long et al. [Phys. Rev. B 68, 235106 (2003)PRBMDO0163-182910.1103/PhysRevB.68.235106] to compute dynamical spectral functions of interacting quantum models at finite temperatures. The MCLM is based on the microcanonical ensemble, which becomes exact in the thermodynamic limit. To apply the microcanonical ensemble at a fixed temperature, one has to find energy eigenstates with the energy eigenvalue corresponding to the internal energy in the canonical ensemble. Here, we propose to use thermal pure quantum state methods by Sugiura and Shimizu [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 010401 (2013)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.111.010401] to obtain the internal energy. After obtaining the energy eigenstates using the Lanczos diagonalization method, dynamical quantities are computed via a continued fraction expansion, a standard procedure for Lanczos-based numerical methods. Using one-dimensional antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chains with S=1/2, we demonstrate that the proposed procedure is reasonably accurate, even for relatively small systems. Mixing, ergodicity and slow relaxation phenomena NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Costa, I. V. L.; Vainstein, M. H.; Lapas, L. C.; Batista, A. A.; Oliveira, F. A. 2006-11-01 Investigations on diffusion in systems with memory [I.V.L. Costa, R. Morgado, M.V.B.T. Lima, F.A. Oliveira, Europhys. Lett. 63 (2003) 173] have established a hierarchical connection between mixing, ergodicity, and the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT). This hierarchy means that ergodicity is a necessary condition for the validity of the FDT, and mixing is a necessary condition for ergodicity. In this work, we compare those results with recent investigations using the Lee recurrence relations method [M.H. Lee, Phys. Rev. B 26 (1982) 2547; M.H. Lee, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 (2001) 250601; M.H. Lee, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 39 (2006) 4651]. Lee shows that ergodicity is violated in the dynamics of the electron gas [M.H. Lee, J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 39 (2006) 4651]. This reinforces both works and implies that the results of [I.V.L. Costa, R. Morgado, M.V.B.T. Lima, F.A. Oliveira, Europhys. Lett. 63 (2003) 173] are more general than the framework in which they were obtained. Some applications to slow relaxation phenomena are discussed. Fractional quantum Hall effect in the interacting Hofstadter model via tensor networks NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Gerster, M.; Rizzi, M.; Silvi, P.; Dalmonte, M.; Montangero, S. 2017-11-01 We show via tensor network methods that the Harper-Hofstadter Hamiltonian for hard-core bosons on a square geometry supports a topological phase realizing the ν =1/2 fractional quantum Hall (FQH) effect on the lattice. We address the robustness of the ground-state degeneracy and of the energy gap, measure the many-body Chern number, and characterize the system using Green functions, showing that they decay algebraically at the edges of open geometries, indicating the presence of gapless edge modes. Moreover, we estimate the topological entanglement entropy by taking a combination of lattice bipartitions that reproduces the topological structure of the original proposals by Kitaev and Preskill [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 110404 (2006), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.110404] and Levin and Wen [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 110405 (2006), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.110405]. The numerical results show that the topological contribution is compatible with the expected value γ =1/2 . Our results provide extensive evidence that FQH states are within reach of state-of-the-art cold-atom experiments. Vortex formation in a complex plasma NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Ishihara, Osamu Complex plasma experiments in ground-based laboratories as well as in microgravity conditions have shown the formation of vortex structures in various conditions (e.g., 1,2,3,4). The vortex structures formed in a complex plasma are visible by naked eyes with the help of irradiating laser and the individual dust particles in the structure give us the opportunity to study detailed physics of the commonly observed natural phenomena known such as tornadoes, typhoons, hurricanes and dust devils. Based on the Navier-Stokes equation with proper complex plasma conditions we analyze as much as possible in a universal way the vortex structure and clarifies the role of the controlling parameters like flow velocity and external magnetic field. 1. G. E. Morfill,H. M. Thomas, U. Konopka,H. Rothermel, M. Zuzic, A. Ivlev, and J. Goree, Phys,. Rev. Lett. 83, 1598 (1999). 2. E. Nebbat and R. Annou, Phys. Plasmas 17, 093702 (2010). 3. Y. Saitou and O. Ishihara, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 185003 (2013). 4. V. N. Tsytovich and N. G. Gusein-zade, Plasma Phys. Rep. 39, 515 (2013). NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Okamoto, Satoshi; Alvarez, Gonzalo; Dagotto, Elbio; Tohyama, Takami 2018-04-01 We examine the accuracy of the microcanonical Lanczos method (MCLM) developed by Long et al. [Phys. Rev. B 68, 235106 (2003), 10.1103/PhysRevB.68.235106] to compute dynamical spectral functions of interacting quantum models at finite temperatures. The MCLM is based on the microcanonical ensemble, which becomes exact in the thermodynamic limit. To apply the microcanonical ensemble at a fixed temperature, one has to find energy eigenstates with the energy eigenvalue corresponding to the internal energy in the canonical ensemble. Here, we propose to use thermal pure quantum state methods by Sugiura and Shimizu [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 010401 (2013), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.010401] to obtain the internal energy. After obtaining the energy eigenstates using the Lanczos diagonalization method, dynamical quantities are computed via a continued fraction expansion, a standard procedure for Lanczos-based numerical methods. Using one-dimensional antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chains with S =1 /2 , we demonstrate that the proposed procedure is reasonably accurate, even for relatively small systems. Optimal low symmetric dissipation Carnot engines and refrigerators NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) de Tomás, C.; Hernández, A. Calvo; Roco, J. M. M. 2012-01-01 A unified optimization criterion for Carnot engines and refrigerators is proposed. It consists of maximizing the product of the heat absorbed by the working system times the efficiency per unit time of the device, either the engine or the refrigerator. This criterion can be applied to both low symmetric dissipation Carnot engines and refrigerators. For engines the criterion coincides with the maximum power criterion and then the Curzon-Ahlborn efficiency ηCA=1-Tc/Th is recovered, where Th and Tc are the temperatures of the hot and cold reservoirs, respectively [Esposito, Kawai, Lindenberg, and Van den Broeck, Phys. Rev. Lett.PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.105.150603 105, 150603 (2010)]. For refrigerators the criterion provides the counterpart of Curzon-Ahlborn efficiency for refrigerators ɛCA=[1/(1-(Tc/Th)]-1, first derived by Yan and Chen for the particular case of an endoreversible Carnot-type refrigerator with linear (Newtonian) finite heat transfer laws [Yan and Chen, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.JPAPBE0022-372710.1088/0022-3727/23/2/002 23, 136 (1990)]. TMD parton distributions based on three-body decay functions in NLL order of QCD NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Tanaka, Hidekazu 2015-04-01 Three-body decay functions in space-like parton branches are implemented to evaluate transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) parton distribution functions in the next-to-leading logarithmic (NLL) order of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Interference contributions due to the next-to-leading-order terms are taken into account for the evaluation of the transverse momenta in initial state parton radiations. Some properties of the decay functions are also examined. As an example, the calculated results are compared with those evaluated by an algorithm proposed in [M. A. Kimber, A. D. Martin, and M. G. Ryskin, Eur. Phys. J. C 12, 655 (2000)], [M. A. Kimber, A. D. Martin, and M. G. Ryskin, Phys. Rev. D 63, 11402 (2001)], [G. Watt, A. D. Martin, and M. G. Ryskin, Eur. Phys. J. C 31, 73 (2003)], and [A. D. Martin, M. G. Ryskin, and G. Watt, Eur. Phys. J. C 66, 167 (2010)], in which the TMD parton distributions are defined based on the k_t-factorization method with angular ordering conditions due to interference effects. Communication: The absolute shielding scales of oxygen and sulfur revisited DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV) Komorovsky, Stanislav; Repisky, Michal; Malkin, Elena 2015-03-07 We present an updated semi-experimental absolute shielding scale for the {sup 17}O and {sup 33}S nuclei. These new shielding scales are based on accurate rotational microwave data for the spin–rotation constants of H{sub 2}{sup 17}O [Puzzarini et al., J. Chem. Phys. 131, 234304 (2009)], C{sup 17}O [Cazzoli et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 4, 3575 (2002)], and H{sub 2}{sup 33}S [Helgaker et al., J. Chem. Phys. 139, 244308 (2013)] corrected both for vibrational and temperature effects estimated at the CCSD(T) level of theory as well as for the relativistic corrections to the relation between the spin–rotation constant and the absolutemore » shielding constant. Our best estimate for the oxygen shielding constants of H{sub 2}{sup 17}O is 328.4(3) ppm and for C{sup 17}O −59.05(59) ppm. The relativistic correction for the sulfur shielding of H{sub 2}{sup 33}S amounts to 3.3%, and the new sulfur shielding constant for this molecule is 742.9(4.6) ppm.« less Device-independent secret-key-rate analysis for quantum repeaters NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Holz, Timo; Kampermann, Hermann; Bruß, Dagmar 2018-01-01 The device-independent approach to quantum key distribution (QKD) aims to establish a secret key between two or more parties with untrusted devices, potentially under full control of a quantum adversary. The performance of a QKD protocol can be quantified by the secret key rate, which can be lower bounded via the violation of an appropriate Bell inequality in a setup with untrusted devices. We study secret key rates in the device-independent scenario for different quantum repeater setups and compare them to their device-dependent analogon. The quantum repeater setups under consideration are the original protocol by Briegel et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 5932 (1998), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.5932] and the hybrid quantum repeater protocol by van Loock et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 240501 (2006), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.240501]. For a given repeater scheme and a given QKD protocol, the secret key rate depends on a variety of parameters, such as the gate quality or the detector efficiency. We systematically analyze the impact of these parameters and suggest optimized strategies. A verification of the gyrokinetic microstability codes GEM, GYRO, and GS2 DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV) Bravenec, R. V.; Chen, Y.; Wan, W. 2013-10-15 A previous publication [R. V. Bravenec et al., Phys. Plasmas 18, 122505 (2011)] presented favorable comparisons of linear frequencies and nonlinear fluxes from the Eulerian gyrokinetic codes gyro[J. Candy and R. E. Waltz, J. Comput. Phys. 186, 545 (2003)] and gs2[W. Dorland et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 5579 (2000)]. The motivation was to verify the codes, i.e., demonstrate that they correctly solve the gyrokinetic-Maxwell equations. The premise was that it is highly unlikely for both codes to yield the same incorrect results. In this work, we add the Lagrangian particle-in-cell code gem[Y. Chen and S. Parker, J. Comput. Phys.more » 220, 839 (2007)] to the comparisons, not simply to add another code, but also to demonstrate that the codes' algorithms do not matter. We find good agreement of gem with gyro and gs2 for the plasma conditions considered earlier, thus establishing confidence that the codes are verified and that ongoing validation efforts for these plasma parameters are warranted.« less Counterfactual quantum cryptography based on weak coherent states NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Yin, Zhen-Qiang; Li, Hong-Wei; Yao, Yao; Zhang, Chun-Mei; Wang, Shuang; Chen, Wei; Guo, Guang-Can; Han, Zheng-Fu 2012-08-01 In the “counterfactual quantum cryptography” scheme [T.-G. Noh, Phys. Rev. Lett.PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.103.230501 103, 230501 (2009)], two legitimate distant peers may share secret-key bits even when the information carriers do not travel in the quantum channel. The security of this protocol with an ideal single-photon source has been proved by Yin [Z.-Q. Yin, H. W. Li, W. Chen, Z. F. Han, and G. C. Guo, Phys. Rev. APLRAAN1050-294710.1103/PhysRevA.82.042335 82, 042335 (2010)]. In this paper, we prove the security of the counterfactual-quantum-cryptography scheme based on a commonly used weak-coherent-laser source by considering a general collective attack. The basic assumption of this proof is that the efficiency and dark-counting rate of a single-photon detector are consistent for any n-photon Fock states. Then through randomizing the phases of the encoding weak coherent states, Eve's ancilla will be transformed into a classical mixture. Finally, the lower bound of the secret-key-bit rate and a performance analysis for the practical implementation are both given. Ultra-low-energy analog straintronics using multiferroic composites NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Roy, Kuntal 2014-03-01 Multiferroic devices, i.e., a magnetostrictive nanomagnet strain-coupled with a piezoelectric layer, are promising as binary switches for ultra-low-energy digital computing in beyond Moore's law era [Roy, K. Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 173110 (2013), Roy, K. et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 063108 (2011), Phys. Rev. B 83, 224412 (2011), Scientific Reports (Nature Publishing Group) 3, 3038 (2013), J. Appl. Phys. 112, 023914 (2012)]. We show here that such multiferroic devices, apart from performing digital computation, can be also utilized for analog computing purposes, e.g., voltage amplification, filter etc. The analog computing capability is conceived by considering that magnetization's mean orientation shifts gradually although nanomagnet's potential minima changes abruptly. Using tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) measurement, a continuous output voltage while varying the input voltage can be produced. Stochastic Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) equation in the presence of room-temperature (300 K) thermal fluctuations is solved to demonstrate the analog computing capability of such multiferroic devices. This work was supported in part by FAME, one of six centers of STARnet, a Semiconductor Research Corporation program sponsored by MARCO and DARPA. Thermodynamic Theory of Spherically Trapped Coulomb Clusters NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Wrighton, Jeffrey; Dufty, James; Bonitz, Michael; K"{A}Hlert, Hanno 2009-11-01 The radial density profile of a finite number of identical charged particles confined in a harmonic trap is computed over a wide ranges of temperatures (Coulomb coupling) and particle numbers. At low temperatures these systems form a Coulomb crystal with spherical shell structure which has been observed in ultracold trapped ions and in dusty plasmas. The shell structure is readily reproduced in simulations. However, analytical theories which used a mean field approachfootnotetext[1]C. Henning et al., Phys. Rev. E 74, 056403 (2006) or a local density approximationfootnotetext[2]C. Henning et al., Phys. Rev. E 76, 036404 (2007) have, so far, only been able to reproduce the average density profile. Here we present an approach to Coulomb correlations based on the hypernetted chain approximation with additional bridge diagrams. It is demonstrated that this model reproduces the correct shell structure within a few percent and provides the basis for a thermodynamic theory of Coulomb clusters in the strongly coupled fluid state.footnotetext[3]J. Wrighton, J.W. Dufty, H. K"ahlert and M. Bonitz, J. Phys. A 42, 214052 (2009) and Phys. Rev. E (2009) (to be submitted) Better band gaps with asymptotically corrected local exchange potentials NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Singh, Prashant; Harbola, Manoj K.; Hemanadhan, M.; Mookerjee, Abhijit; Johnson, D. D. 2016-02-01 We formulate a spin-polarized van Leeuwen and Baerends (vLB) correction to the local density approximation (LDA) exchange potential [R. van Leeuwen and E. J. Baerends, Phys. Rev. A 49, 2421 (1994), 10.1103/PhysRevA.49.2421] that enforces the ionization potential (IP) theorem following T. Stein et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 266802 (2010), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.266802]. For electronic-structure problems, the vLB correction replicates the behavior of exact-exchange potentials, with improved scaling and well-behaved asymptotics, but with the computational cost of semilocal functionals. The vLB + IP correction produces a large improvement in the eigenvalues over those from the LDA due to correct asymptotic behavior and atomic shell structures, as shown in rare-gas, alkaline-earth, zinc-based oxides, alkali halides, sulfides, and nitrides. In half-Heusler alloys, this asymptotically corrected LDA reproduces the spin-polarized properties correctly, including magnetism and half-metallicity. We also consider finite-sized systems [e.g., ringed boron nitride (B12N12 ) and graphene (C24)] to emphasize the wide applicability of the method. Kβ/ Kα intensity ratios for X-ray production in 3d metals by gamma-rays and protons NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Bhuinya, C. R.; Padhi, H. C. 1994-04-01 Systematic measurements of Kβ/ Kα intensity ratios for X-ray production in 3d metals have been carried out using γ-ray and fast proton ionization methods. The measured ratios from proton ionization experiments indicate production of multivacancies in the L shell giving rise to higher Kβ/ Kα ratios compared to the present γRF results and 2 MeV proton ionization results of Perujo et al. [Perujo A., Maxwell J. A., Teesdale W. J. and Cambell J. L. (1987) J. Phys. B: Atom. Molec. Phys.20, 4973]. This is consistent with the SCA model calculation which gives increased simultaneous K- and L-shell ionization at 4 MeV. The present results from γRF experiments are in close agreement with the 2 MeV proton ionization results of Perujo et al. (1987) and also with the theoretical calculation of jankowski and Polasik [Jankowski K. and Polasik M. (1989) J. Phys. B: Atom. Molec. Optic. Phys. 22, 2369] but the theoretical results of Scofield [Scofield J. H. (1974a) Atom. Data Nucl. Data Tables14, 12] are somewhat higher. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Nicolaou, N.; Nasuto, S. J. 2005-12-01 We agree with Duckrow and Albano [Phys. Rev. E 67, 063901 (2003)] and Quian Quiroga [Phys. Rev. E 67, 063902 (2003)] that mutual information (MI) is a useful measure of dependence for electroencephalogram (EEG) data, but we show that the improvement seen in the performance of MI on extracting dependence trends from EEG is more dependent on the type of MI estimator rather than any embedding technique used. In an independent study we conducted in search for an optimal MI estimator, and in particular for EEG applications, we examined the performance of a number of MI estimators on the data set used by Quian Quiroga in their original study, where the performance of different dependence measures on real data was investigated [Phys. Rev. E 65, 041903 (2002)]. We show that for EEG applications the best performance among the investigated estimators is achieved by k -nearest neighbors, which supports the conjecture by Quian Quiroga in Phys. Rev. E 67, 063902 (2003) that the nearest neighbor estimator is the most precise method for estimating MI. High School Physics Teacher Outreach Programs at California State University Long Beach NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Kwon, Chuhee; Pickett, Galen; Henriques, Laura 2013-03-01 One of the goals of the CSULB PhysTEC project has been to establish a physics teaching community that partners CSULB faculty, high school teachers, pre-service teachers, and physics students. In two years, we have created a solid sustainable Physics Teacher Network with local high school teachers. We will discuss the successful outreach programs for high school physics teachers at CSULB and the detailed logistics. Teacher-In-Residence (TIR), high school physics teachers working with the CSULB PhysTEC team, has provided invaluable input for designing and implementing outreach events. The department organizes biannual open house for local high school teachers and their students. The open house event is attended by pre-service teachers, physics undergraduate and graduate students, and faculty. We also host the monthly demo-sharing day that physics teachers bring and share topical demos, which has about 30 - 50 attendees each month. The CSULB PhysTEC project also distributes a monthly newsletter for local physics teachers with upcoming events and information about teaching, and this newsletter is organized and written by TIR. This work is supported by the PhysTEC grant. The Influence of Noise on Turbulent Transport. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Krommes, J. A. 2006-10-01 Recently there have been considerable discussions and contradictory conclusions about the possible influence of numerical noise on measured turbulent fluxes. In the present work, some of the conceptual and analytical foundations of noise-related calculations are reconsidered, and some paradoxes are resolved. An elementary model involving coupled random processes shows that extra noise (e.g., related to numerical sampling errors in δf particle simulations can reduce total transport. (Intuition to the contrary stems from oversimplified models involving independent, additive, and passive advection velocities.) This result is interpreted in terms of the structure of the steady-state spectral balance equation for turbulence in the presence of discreteness-induced noise. The relationship of the Fluctuation-- Dissipation Theorem to general nonequilibrium statistical balances is also discussed. W. M. Nevins, G. W. Hammett, A. M. Dimits, W. Dorland, and D. E. Shumaker, Phys. Plasmas 12, 122305 (2005) W. W. Lee, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc., http://www.aps.org/meet/APR06, abstr.I16.00004 (2006). G. Hu and J. A. Krommes, Phys. Plasmas 1, 863 (1994).) H. A. Rose, J. Stat.Phys.20, 415 (1979). Sensitivity of Double-Shell Ignition Capsules to Asymmetric Drive NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Tregillis, I. L.; Magelssen, G. R.; Delamater, N. D.; Gunderson, M. A.; Hoffman, N. M. 2007-11-01 Double-shell (DS) targets [1] present an alternative approach to ignition via the cryogenic single-shell point design [2]. Although these targets present unique fabrication challenges, they embody many attractive features, including non-cryogenic fielding and low threshold temperatures (˜4 keV) for volume ignition [3-4]. We have used 2D radiation-hydrodynamic modeling to survey the behavior of DS targets under asymmetric temperature drive in rugby vacuum hohlraums. The yield is robust against deviations from symmetric illumination, varying smoothly as a function of the imposed P2 and P4 amplitudes. Ignition occurs even when 10% or more of the drive is contained in Legendre P2 or P4 components, with yield reductions on the order of 50% for the most extreme cases investigated here. [1] P. Amendt et al., Phys. of Plasmas 9, 2221 (2002) [2] D. A. Callahan et al., Phys. of Plasmas 13, 56307 (2005) [3] P. Amendt et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 65004 (2005) [4] W. S. Varnum et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 5153 (2000) Cluster preformation law for heavy and superheavy nuclei NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Wei, K.; Zhang, H. F. 2017-08-01 The concept of cluster radioactivity has been extended to allow emitted particles with ZC>28 for superheavy nuclei by nuclear theory [Poenaru et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 062503 (2011), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.062503]. The preformation and emission mechanics of heavy-ion particles must be examined again before the fascinating radioactivity is observed for superheavy nuclei in laboratory. We extract the cluster preformation factor for heavy and superheavy nuclei within a preformed cluster model, in which the decay constant is the product of the preformation factor, assault frequency, and penetration probability. The calculated results show that the cluster penetration probability for superheavy nuclei is larger than that for actinide elements. The preformation factor depends on the nuclear structures of the emitted cluster and mother nucleus, and the well-known cluster preformation law S (AC) =S (α) (AC-1 )/3 [Blendowske and Walliser, Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 1930 (1988), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.61.1930] will break down when the mass number of the emitted cluster Ac>28 , and new preformation formulas are proposed to estimate the preformation factor for heavy and superheavy nuclei. Explaining the electroweak scale and stabilizing moduli in M theory NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Acharya, Bobby S.; Bobkov, Konstantin; Kane, Gordon L.; Kumar, Piyush; Shao, Jing 2007-12-01 In a recent paper [B. Acharya, K. Bobkov, G. Kane, P. Kumar, and D. Vaman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 191601 (2006).PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.97.191601] it was shown that in fluxless M theory vacua with at least two hidden sectors undergoing strong gauge dynamics and a particular form of the Kähler potential, all moduli are stabilized by the effective potential and a stable hierarchy is generated, consistent with standard gauge unification. This paper explains the results of [B. Acharya, K. Bobkov, G. Kane, P. Kumar, and D. Vaman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 191601 (2006).PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.97.191601] in more detail and generalizes them, finding an essentially unique de Sitter vacuum under reasonable conditions. One of the main phenomenological consequences is a prediction which emerges from this entire class of vacua: namely, gaugino masses are significantly suppressed relative to the gravitino mass. We also present evidence that, for those vacua in which the vacuum energy is small, the gravitino mass, which sets all the superpartner masses, is automatically in the TeV 100 TeV range. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Orimo, Yuki; Sato, Takeshi; Scrinzi, Armin; Ishikawa, Kenichi L. 2018-02-01 We present a numerical implementation of the infinite-range exterior complex scaling [Scrinzi, Phys. Rev. A 81, 053845 (2010), 10.1103/PhysRevA.81.053845] as an efficient absorbing boundary to the time-dependent complete-active-space self-consistent field method [Sato, Ishikawa, Březinová, Lackner, Nagele, and Burgdörfer, Phys. Rev. A 94, 023405 (2016), 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.023405] for multielectron atoms subject to an intense laser pulse. We introduce Gauss-Laguerre-Radau quadrature points to construct discrete variable representation basis functions in the last radial finite element extending to infinity. This implementation is applied to strong-field ionization and high-harmonic generation in He, Be, and Ne atoms. It efficiently prevents unphysical reflection of photoelectron wave packets at the simulation boundary, enabling accurate simulations with substantially reduced computational cost, even under significant (≈50 % ) double ionization. For the case of a simulation of high-harmonic generation from Ne, for example, 80% cost reduction is achieved, compared to a mask-function absorption boundary. Strong majorization entropic uncertainty relations NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Rudnicki, Łukasz; Puchała, Zbigniew; Życzkowski, Karol 2014-05-01 We analyze entropic uncertainty relations in a finite-dimensional Hilbert space and derive several strong bounds for the sum of two entropies obtained in projective measurements with respect to any two orthogonal bases. We improve the recent bounds by Coles and Piani [P. Coles and M. Piani, Phys. Rev. A 89, 022112 (2014), 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.022112], which are known to be stronger than the well-known result of Maassen and Uffink [H. Maassen and J. B. M. Uffink, Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 1103 (1988), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.60.1103]. Furthermore, we find a bound based on majorization techniques, which also happens to be stronger than the recent results involving the largest singular values of submatrices of the unitary matrix connecting both bases. The first set of bounds gives better results for unitary matrices close to the Fourier matrix, while the second one provides a significant improvement in the opposite sectors. Some results derived admit generalization to arbitrary mixed states, so that corresponding bounds are increased by the von Neumann entropy of the measured state. The majorization approach is finally extended to the case of several measurements. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Seeley, Lane 2008-05-01 The United States faces a critical shortage of qualified physics and physical science teachers. The number of high school students taking physics is increasing but the number of physics majors pursuing careers in pre-college teaching is not nearly sufficient to meet the demand. College and university physics departments have content expertise and ready access to potential future teachers of physics. In order to address the crisis in physics and physical science education, APS, AAPT, and AIP have developed the PhysTEC project. Seattle Pacific University is one of six fully funded PhysTEC sites. The PhysTEC project also supports a coalition of more than one hundred institutions that are committed to improving K-12 physics and physical science education. This talk will describe the national PhysTEC project along with our local PhysTEC program. We will explore ways in which physics departments can more fully integrate the preparation of pre-college physics teachers within existing departmental priorities. We will discuss opportunities for regional partnerships between 2-year and 4-year colleges, school districts, and teacher preparation programs. We will also highlight ways in which our research on the learning and teaching of physics informs the development of tools that teachers and teacher educators can use to diagnose student ideas and to design subsequent instruction that capitalizes on these ideas. In collaboration with Stamatis Vokos, Seattle Pacific University and Pam Kraus, Facet Innovations LLC. Induced magnetic structure in exchange-coupled ferro-/antiferromagnet thin films NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Morales, Rafael 2007-03-01 The most prominent feature observed in exchange-coupled ferromagnetic/ antiferromagnetic (FM/AF) bilayers is the so-called exchange bias field (HEB), i.e. the shift of the hysteresis loop along the magnetic field axis. However the exchange bias phenomenon can induce other interesting effects on the FM. In this talk we show two methods to establish a bi-domain state in the FM, due to the coexistence of domains with opposite sign of HEB [1-3]. Magneto-optical, polarized neutron and soft X-ray measurements show that this lateral structure becomes more complex for low magnetocrystalline anisotropy materials where a spin depth profile is created in the FM due to the exchange coupling with the AF [4-6]. The internal magnetic structure in the AF and its role on exchange bias has also been investigated using FM/AF/FM trilayers. These studies demonstrate that the bulk spin configuration in the AF plays a crucial role in the pinning of uncompensated spins at the interface thus determining the HEB . Supported by the US-DOE, European Marie-Curie-OIF and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. [1] O. Petracic et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 222509 (2005) [2] I. V. Roshchin et al. Europhys. Lett. 71, 297 (2005) [3] J. Olamit et al. Phys. Rev. B 72, 012408 (2005) [4] R. Morales et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 072504 (2006) [5] S. Roy et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 047201 (2005) [6] Z-P. Li et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 217205 (2006) NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Wang, T.-L.; Michta, D.; Lindberg, R. R.; Charman, A. E.; Martins, S. F.; Wurtele, J. S. 2009-12-01 Results are reported of a one-dimensional simulation study comparing the modeling capability of a recently formulated extended three-wave model [R. R. Lindberg, A. E. Charman, and J. S. Wurtele, Phys. Plasmas 14, 122103 (2007); Phys. Plasmas 15, 055911 (2008)] to that of a particle-in-cell (PIC) code, as well as to a more conventional three-wave model, in the context of the plasma-based backward Raman amplification (PBRA) [G. Shvets, N. J. Fisch, A. Pukhov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 4879 (1998); V. M. Malkin, G. Shvets, and N. J. Fisch, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4448 (1999); Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 1208 (2000)]. The extended three-wave model performs essentially as well as or better than a conventional three-wave description in all temperature regimes tested, and significantly better at the higher temperatures studied, while the computational savings afforded by the extended three-wave model make it a potentially attractive tool that can be used prior to or in conjunction with PIC simulations to model the kinetic effects of PBRA for nonrelativistic laser pulses interacting with underdense thermal plasmas. Very fast but reasonably accurate at moderate plasma temperatures, this model may be used to perform wide-ranging parameter scans or other exploratory analyses quickly and efficiently, in order to guide subsequent simulation via more accurate if intensive PIC techniques or other algorithms approximating the full Vlasov-Maxwell equations. Short-pulse laser amplification and saturation using stimulated Raman scattering NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Dodd, E. S.; Ren, J.; Kwan, T. J. T.; Schmitt, M. J.; Lundquist, P. B.; Sarkisyan, S.; Nelson-Melby, E. 2010-11-01 Recent theoretical and experimental work has focused on using backward-stimulated Raman scattering (BSRS) in plasmas as a means of laser pulse amplification and compression [1,2,3]. We present initial computational and experimental work on SRS amplification in a capillary-discharge generated Xe plasma. The experimental set-up uses a 200 ps pump pulse with an 800 nm wavelength seeded by a 100 fs pulse from a broadband source and counter-propagates the pulses through a plasma of length 1 cm and diameter 0.1 cm. Results from initial experiments characterizing the plasma and on short-pulse amplification will be presented. Additionally, we present results from calculations using pF3d [4], and discuss the role of SRS saturation and determine the possible significance of electron trapping with a model implemented in pF3d [5]. [1] G. Shvets, N. J. Fisch, A. Pukhov, and J. Meyer-ter-Vehn, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 4879 (1998). [2] V. M. Malkin, G. Shvets, and N. J. Fisch, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 4448 (1999). [3] R. K. Kirkwood, E. Dewald, and C. Niemann, et al., Phys. Plasmas 14 113109 (2007). [4] R. L. Berger, B. F. Lasinski, T. B. Kaiser, et al., Phys. Fluids B 5 2243 (1993). [5] H. X. Vu, D. F. DuBois, and B. Bezzerides, Phys. Plasmas 14 012702 (2007). Supported by US DOE and LANS, LLC under contract DE-AC52-06NA25396. LA-UR-10-04787 Quantum Communication Using Coherent Rejection Sampling. Anshu, Anurag; Devabathini, Vamsi Krishna; Jain, Rahul 2017-09-22 Compression of a message up to the information it carries is key to many tasks involved in classical and quantum information theory. Schumacher [B. Schumacher, Phys. Rev. A 51, 2738 (1995)PLRAAN1050-294710.1103/PhysRevA.51.2738] provided one of the first quantum compression schemes and several more general schemes have been developed ever since [M. Horodecki, J. Oppenheim, and A. Winter, Commun. Math. Phys. 269, 107 (2007); CMPHAY0010-361610.1007/s00220-006-0118-xI. Devetak and J. Yard, Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 230501 (2008); PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.100.230501A. Abeyesinghe, I. Devetak, P. Hayden, and A. Winter, Proc. R. Soc. A 465, 2537 (2009)PRLAAZ1364-502110.1098/rspa.2009.0202]. However, the one-shot characterization of these quantum tasks is still under development, and often lacks a direct connection with analogous classical tasks. Here we show a new technique for the compression of quantum messages with the aid of entanglement. We devise a new tool that we call the convex split lemma, which is a coherent quantum analogue of the widely used rejection sampling procedure in classical communication protocols. As a consequence, we exhibit new explicit protocols with tight communication cost for quantum state merging, quantum state splitting, and quantum state redistribution (up to a certain optimization in the latter case). We also present a port-based teleportation scheme which uses a fewer number of ports in the presence of information about input. Isotonic similarities in isotope shifts from Hg to Ra. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Stroke, H. H. 2003-04-01 Isotope shifts (IS) in atomic spectra of heavy elements reflect largely the variation in NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Bhatia, A. K. 2012-09-01 The P-wave hybrid theory of electron-hydrogen elastic scattering [Bhatia, Phys. Rev. A10.1103/PhysRevA.85.052708 85, 052708 (2012)] is applied to the P-wave scattering from He ion. In this method, both short-range and long-range correlations are included in the Schrödinger equation at the same time, by using a combination of a modified method of polarized orbitals and the optical potential formalism. The short-range-correlation functions are of Hylleraas type. It is found that the phase shifts are not significantly affected by the modification of the target function by a method similar to the method of polarized orbitals and they are close to the phase shifts calculated earlier by Bhatia [Phys. Rev. A10.1103/PhysRevA.69.032714 69, 032714 (2004)]. This indicates that the correlation function is general enough to include the target distortion (polarization) in the presence of the incident electron. The important fact is that in the present calculation, to obtain similar results only a 20-term correlation function is needed in the wave function compared to the 220-term wave function required in the above-mentioned calculation. Results for the phase shifts, obtained in the present hybrid formalism, are rigorous lower bounds to the exact phase shifts. The lowest P-wave resonances in He atom and hydrogen ion have also been calculated and compared with the results obtained using the Feshbach projection operator formalism [Bhatia and Temkin, Phys. Rev. A10.1103/PhysRevA.11.2018 11, 2018 (1975)] and also with the results of other calculations. It is concluded that accurate resonance parameters can be obtained by the present method, which has the advantage of including corrections due to neighboring resonances, bound states, and the continuum in which these resonances are embedded. Negative Differential Resistance in Insulating Systems: From Molecules to Polymers NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Pati, Swapan 2007-03-01 We have developed a microscopic theory to explain the negative differential resistance behavior in molecular bridges. This feature has been observed in many molecules with different on/off ratios, sharpness of the current peak and the critical bias. Our theory, based on simple dimer model (both Peierls and donor/acceptor) together with bias driven conformational/ electronic change, covers almost all the experimental characteristics for a large number of real molecular systems and encompasses all the theory that has been known till date. Similar argument is also extended to Mott insulator, where we find a large number of insulator/quasi-metal transitions in finite size chains and a thermodynamic insulator/metal transition in polymers due to the application of static electric field between two ends of the chain. The interplay between charge inhomogenities and electric field induced polarization will be discussed in a number of cases. We will also show that none of these transitions follow Landau-Zener mechanism. I shall also discuss our theoretical proposal for the experimental strategies to stabilize highly unstable and reactive metal clusters like Al4Li4 and their analogs. Reference: 1. S. Lakshmi and Swapan K. Pati, Phys. Rev. B 72, 193410 (2005). 2. S. Lakshmi, Ayan Datta and Swapan K. Pati, Phys. Rev. B 72, 045131 (2005). 3. S. Lakshmi and Swapan K. Pati, Spl on Nanosc and Tech, Pramana, 65, 593. (2005). 4. S. Sengupta, S. Lakshmi and Swapan K Pati, J. Phys. Cond. Mat. 18, 9189 (2006). 5. Swapan K. Pati and S. Ramasesha, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 16, 989 (2004). 6. S.Lakshmi and Swapan K. Pati, J. Chem. Phys. 121, 11998 (2004). 7. S. Dutta, S. Lakshmi and Swapan K Pati, Submitted (2006). 8. A. Datta and Swapan K. Pati, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 3496 (2005). 9. Sairam S. M., A. Datta and Swapan K. Pati, J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 20098 (2006). 10. A. Datta, Sairam S. M. and Swapan K. Pati, Acc. Chem. Res. (to appear) Toroidal Alfven Waves in Advanced Tokamaks NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Berk, Herbert L. 2003-10-01 In burning plasma experiments, alpha particles have speeds that readily resonate with shear Alfven waves. It is essential to understand this Alfven wave spectrum for toroidal plasma confinement. Most interest has focused on the Toroidal Alfven Eigenmode (TAE), and a method of analysis has been developed to understand the structure of this mode at a flux surface with a given magnetic shear. However, this model fails when the shear is too low or reversed. In this case a new method of analysis is required, which must incorporate novel fluid-like effects from the energetic particles [1] and also include effects that are second order in the inverse toroidal aspect ratio. With this new method [2] we can obtain spectral features that agree with experimental results. In particular, this theory gives an explanation for the so-called Cascade modes that have been observed in JT-60 [3], JET [4], and TFTR [5]. For these Cascade modes, slow upward frequency sweeping is observed, beginning from frequencies below the TAE range but then often blending into the TAE range of frequencies. The theoretical understanding of the Cascades modes has evolved to the point where these modes can be used as a diagnostic "signature" [6] to experimentally optimize the formation of thermal barriers in reversed-shear operation when the minimum q value is an integer. [1] H. L. Berk et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 185 (2002). [2] B. N. Breizman et al., submitted to Phys. Plasmas (2003). [3] H. Kimura et al., Nucl. Fusion 38, 1303 (1998). [4] S. Sharapov et al., Phys. Lett. A 289, 127 (2001); S. Sharapov, Phys. Plasmas 9, 2027 (2002). [5] R. Nazikian, H. L. Berk, et al., Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 47, 327 (2002). [6] E. Joffrin et al., Plasma Phys. Contr. Fusion 44, 1739 (2002); E. Joffrin et al., in Proc. 2002 IAEA Fusion Energy Conference, submitted to Nucl. Fusion. No rescue for the no boundary proposal: Pointers to the future of quantum cosmology NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Feldbrugge, Job; Lehners, Jean-Luc; Turok, Neil 2018-01-01 In recent work [J. Feldbrugge et al. Phys. Rev. D 95, 103508 (2017)., 10.1103/PhysRevD.95.103508 and J. Feldbrugge et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 171301 (2017)., 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.171301], we introduced Picard-Lefschetz theory as a tool for defining the Lorentzian path integral for quantum gravity in a systematic semiclassical expansion. This formulation avoids several pitfalls occurring in the Euclidean approach. Our method provides, in particular, a more precise formulation of the Hartle-Hawking no boundary proposal, as a sum over real Lorentzian four-geometries interpolating between an initial three-geometry of zero size, i.e., a point, and a final three-geometry. With this definition, we calculated the no boundary amplitude for a closed universe with a cosmological constant, assuming cosmological symmetry for the background and including linear perturbations. We found the opposite semiclassical exponent to that obtained by Hartle and Hawking for the creation of a de Sitter spacetime "from nothing." Furthermore, we found the linearized perturbations to be governed by an inverse Gaussian distribution, meaning they are unsuppressed and out of control. Recently, Diaz Dorronsoro et al. [Phys. Rev. D 96, 043505 (2017), 10.1103/PhysRevD.96.043505] followed our methods but attempted to rescue the no boundary proposal by integrating the lapse over a different, intrinsically complex contour. Here, we show that, in addition to the desired Hartle-Hawking saddle point contribution, their contour yields extra, nonperturbative corrections which again render the perturbations unsuppressed. We prove there is no choice of complex contour for the lapse which avoids this problem. We extend our discussion to include backreaction in the leading semiclassical approximation, fully nonlinearly for the lowest tensor harmonic and to second order for all higher modes. Implications for quantum de Sitter spacetime and for cosmic inflation are briefly discussed. Do cosmological data rule out f (R ) with w ≠-1 ? NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Battye, Richard A.; Bolliet, Boris; Pace, Francesco 2018-05-01 We review the equation of state (EoS) approach to dark sector perturbations and apply it to f (R ) gravity models of dark energy. We show that the EoS approach is numerically stable and use it to set observational constraints on designer models. Within the EoS approach we build an analytical understanding of the dynamics of cosmological perturbations for the designer class of f (R ) gravity models, characterized by the parameter B0 and the background equation of state of dark energy w . When we use the Planck cosmic microwave background temperature anisotropy, polarization, and lensing data as well as the baryonic acoustic oscillation data from SDSS and WiggleZ, we find B0<0.006 (95% C.L.) for the designer models with w =-1 . Furthermore, we find B0<0.0045 and |w +1 |<0.002 (95% C.L.) for the designer models with w ≠-1 . Previous analyses found similar results for designer and Hu-Sawicki f (R ) gravity models using the effective field theory approach [Raveri et al., Phys. Rev. D 90, 043513 (2014), 10.1103/PhysRevD.90.043513; Hu et al., Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 459, 3880 (2016), 10.1093/mnras/stw775]; therefore this hints for the fact that generic f (R ) models with w ≠-1 can be tightly constrained by current cosmological data, complementary to solar system tests [Brax et al., Phys. Rev. D 78, 104021 (2008), 10.1103/PhysRevD.78.104021; Faulkner et al., Phys. Rev. D 76, 063505 (2007), 10.1103/PhysRevD.76.063505]. When compared to a w CDM fluid with the same sound speed, we find that the equation of state for f (R ) models is better constrained to be close to -1 by about an order of magnitude, due to the strong dependence of the perturbations on w . Ramilowski, Jordan A; Farrelly, David 2012-06-14 The diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) method is a widely used algorithm for computing both ground and excited states of many-particle systems; for states without nodes the algorithm is numerically exact. In the presence of nodes approximations must be introduced, for example, the fixed-node approximation. Recently we have developed a genetic algorithm (GA) based approach which allows the computation of nodal surfaces on-the-fly [Ramilowski and Farrelly, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2010, 12, 12450]. Here GA-DMC is applied to the computation of rovibrational states of CO-(4)He(N) complexes with N≤ 10. These complexes have been the subject of recent high resolution microwave and millimeter-wave studies which traced the onset of microscopic superfluidity in a doped (4)He droplet, one atom at a time, up to N = 10 [Surin et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 2008, 101, 233401; Raston et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2010, 12, 8260]. The frequencies of the a-type (microwave) series, which correlate with end-over-end rotation in the CO-(4)He dimer, decrease from N = 1 to 3 and then smoothly increase. This signifies the transition from a molecular complex to a quantum solvated system. The frequencies of the b-type (millimeter-wave) series, which evolves from free rotation of the rigid CO molecule, initially increase from N = 0 to N∼ 6 before starting to decrease with increasing N. An interesting feature of the b-type series, originally observed in the high resolution infra-red (IR) experiments of Tang and McKellar [J. Chem. Phys., 2003, 119, 754] is that, for N = 7, two lines are observed. The GA-DMC algorithm is found to be in good agreement with experimental results and possibly detects the small (∼0.7 cm(-1)) splitting in the b-series line at N = 7. Advantages and disadvantages of GA-DMC are discussed. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV) Epstein, R.; Goncharov, V. N.; Marshall, F. J. Pressure, by definition, characterizes the conditions within an isobaric implosion core at peak compression [Gus'kov et al., Nucl. Fusion 16, 957 (1976); Betti et al., Phys. Plasmas 8, 5257 (2001)] and is a key parameter in quantifying its near-ignition performance [Lawson, Proc. Phys. Soc. London, B 70, 6 (1957); Betti et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 058102 (2010); Goncharov et al., Phys. Plasmas 21, 056315 (2014); and Glenzer et al., Phys. Plasmas 19, 056318 (2012)]. At high spectral energy, where the x-ray emission from an imploded hydrogen core is optically thin, the emissivity profile can be inferred from the spatially resolvedmore » core emission. This emissivity, which can be modeled accurately under hot-core conditions, is dependent almost entirely on the pressure when measured within a restricted spectral range matched to the temperature range anticipated for the emitting volume. In this way, the hot core pressure at the time of peak emission can be inferred from the measured free-free emissivity profile. The pressure and temperature dependences of the x-ray emissivity and the neutron-production rate explain a simple scaling of the total filtered x-ray emission as a constant power of the total neutron yield for implosions of targets of similar design over a broad range of shell implosion isentropes. This scaling behavior has been seen in implosion simulations and is confirmed by measurements of high-isentrope implosions [Sangster et al., Phys. Plasmas 20, 056317 (2013)] on the OMEGA laser system [Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)]. Attributing the excess emission from less-stable, low-isentrope implosions, above the level expected from this neutron-yield scaling, to the higher emissivity of shell carbon mixed into the implosion's central hot spot, the hot-spot “fuel–shell” mix mass can be inferred.« less DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV) Epstein, R.; Goncharov, V. N.; Marshall, F. J. Pressure, by definition, characterizes the conditions within an isobaric implosion core at peak compression [Gus’kov et al., Nucl. Fusion 16, 957 (1976); Betti et al., Phys. Plasmas 8, 5257 (2001)] and is a key parameter in quantifying its near-ignition performance [Lawson, Proc. Phys. Soc. London, B 70, 6 (1957); Betti et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 058102 (2010); Goncharov et al., Phys. Plasmas 21, 056315 (2014); and Glenzer et al., Phys. Plasmas 19, 056318 (2012)]. At high spectral energy, where the x-ray emission from an imploded hydrogen core is optically thin, the emissivity profile can be inferred from the spatially resolvedmore » core emission. This emissivity, which can be modeled accurately under hot-core conditions, is dependent almost entirely on the pressure when measured within a restricted spectral range matched to the temperature range anticipated for the emitting volume. In this way, the hot core pressure at the time of peak emission can be inferred from the measured free-free emissivity profile. The pressure and temperature dependences of the x-ray emissivity and the neutron-production rate explain a simple scaling of the total filtered x-ray emission as a constant power of the total neutron yield for implosions of targets of similar design over a broad range of shell implosion isentropes. This scaling behavior has been seen in implosion simulations and is confirmed by measurements of high-isentrope implosions [Sangster et al., Phys. Plasmas 20, 056317 (2013)] on the OMEGA laser system [Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)]. Attributing the excess emission from less-stable, low-isentrope implosions, above the level expected from this neutron-yield scaling, to the higher emissivity of shell carbon mixed into the implosion’s central hot spot, the hot-spot “fuel–shell” mix mass can be inferred.« less NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Kohanoff, Jorge; Pinilla, Carlos; Youngs, Tristan G. A.; Artacho, Emilio; Soler, José M. 2011-10-01 The role of dispersion or van de Waals (VDW) interactions in imidazolium-based room-temperature ionic liquids is studied within the framework of density functional theory, using a recently developed non-empirical functional [M. Dion, H. Rydberg, E. Schröder, D. C. Langreth, and B. I. Lundqvist, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 246401 (2004), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.246401], as efficiently implemented in the SIESTA code [G. Román-Pérez and J. M. Soler, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 096102 (2009), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.096102]. We present results for the equilibrium structure and lattice parameters of several crystalline phases, finding a general improvement with respect to both the local density (LDA) and the generalized gradient approximations (GGA). Similar to other systems characterized by VDW bonding, such as rare gas and benzene dimers as well as solid argon, equilibrium distances and volumes are consistently overestimated by ≈7%, compared to -11% within LDA and 11% within GGA. The intramolecular geometries are retained, while the intermolecular distances and orientations are significantly improved relative to LDA and GGA. The quality is superior to that achieved with tailor-made empirical VDW corrections ad hoc [M. G. Del Pópolo, C. Pinilla, and P. Ballone, J. Chem. Phys. 126, 144705 (2007), 10.1063/1.2715571]. We also analyse the performance of an optimized version of this non-empirical functional, where the screening properties of the exchange have been tuned to reproduce high-level quantum chemical calculations [J. Klimes, D. Bowler, and A. Michaelides, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 22, 074203 (2010), 10.1088/0953-8984/22/7/074203]. The results for solids are even better with volumes and geometries reproduced within 2% of experimental data. We provide some insight into the issue of polymorphism of [bmim][Cl] crystals, and we present results for the geometry and energetics of [bmim][Tf] and [mmim][Cl] neutral and charged clusters, which validate the use of empirical force fields. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Golub, R.; Kaufman, C.; Müller, G.; Steyerl, A. 2015-12-01 The important role of geometric phases in searches for a permanent electric dipole moment of the neutron, using Ramsey separated oscillatory field nuclear magnetic resonance, was first noted by Commins [Am. J. Phys. 59, 1077 (1991), 10.1119/1.16616] and investigated in detail by Pendlebury et al. [Phys. Rev. A 70, 032102 (2004), 10.1103/PhysRevA.70.032102]. Their analysis was based on the Bloch equations. In subsequent work using the spin-density matrix, Lamoreaux and Golub [Phys. Rev. A 71, 032104 (2005), 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.032104] showed the relation between the frequency shifts and the correlation functions of the fields seen by trapped particles in general fields (Redfield theory). More recently, we presented a solution of the Schrödinger equation for spin-1 /2 particles in circular cylindrical traps with smooth walls and exposed to arbitrary fields [A. Steyerl et al., Phys. Rev. A 89, 052129 (2014), 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.052129]. Here, we extend this work to show how the Redfield theory follows directly from the Schrödinger equation solution. This serves to highlight the conditions of validity of the Redfield theory, a subject of considerable discussion in the literature [e.g., M. P. Nicholas et al., Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. 57, 111 (2010), 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2010.04.003]. Our results can be applied where the Redfield result no longer holds, such as observation times on the order of or shorter than the correlation time and nonstochastic systems, and thus we can illustrate the transient spin dynamics, i.e., the gradual development of the shift with increasing time subsequent to the start of the free precession. We consider systems with rough, diffuse reflecting walls, cylindrical trap geometry with arbitrary cross section, and field perturbations that do not, in the frame of the moving particles, average to zero in time. We show by direct, detailed, calculation the agreement of the results from the Schrödinger equation with the Redfield theory for the cases of a rectangular cell with specular walls and of a circular cell with diffuse reflecting walls. Rothschild, Bruce M 2018-03-01 Surface defects have a central position in diagnosis of articular pathology. Recognizing the limitations of standard radiologic techniques and those imposed by positioning and averaging artifacts on CT evaluation, direct visualization of surface defects was pursued to identify disease characteristics that would facilitate interpretation of radiologic findings. Epi-illumination surface microscopy was utilized to examine macroscopically recognized articular surface defects in individuals in the Hamann-Todd, Terry, and Huntington human skeletal collections with previously verified diagnoses of rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthropathy, juvenile inflammatory arthritis (JIA), calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD), gout, metastatic cancer, multiple myeloma, septic arthritis, tuberculosis, fungal arthritis, histiocytosis and sickle cell anemia (Rothschild and Rothschild Clin Infect Dis 20(5):1402-1408, 1995; Rothschild et al. Amer J Phys Anthropol 82(4):441-449, 1990; Rothschild and Rothschild Amer J Phys Anthropol 96(4):357-563, 1995; Rothschild and Woods Clin Exp Rheumatol 10(2):117-122, 1992; Barrett and Keat Radiographics 24(6):1679-1691, 2004; Rothschild and Heathcote Amer J Phys Anthropol 98(4):519-525, 1995; Rothschild and Woods Am J Phys Anthropol 85:25-34, 1991; Hershkovitz et al. Amer J Phys Anthropol 106(1):47-60, 1998; Winland et al. Amer J Phys Anthropol 24:S243, 1997; Rothschild et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol 10(6):557-564, 1992; Rothschild and Martin , 2006; Rothschild et al. Amer J Phys Anthropol 102(2):249-264, 1997). Observed alterations were compared with standard radiographs. Fronts of resorption distinguished inflammatory arthritis from those caused by the other disorders studied. Multiple myeloma, fungal disease, and gout are expansile character; the latter accompanied by reactive new bone formation more prominent than that noted with spondyloarthropathy and JIA. Those were clearly distinguished from the crumbling alterations found with CPPD. Histiocytosis had a unique crenulated appearance, while nodules were prominent with syphilis. Defects in sickle cell anemia had ivory fragments at their base. These findings provided explanation for radiologic observations. Direct surface microscopy revealed characteristics apparently pathognomonic for specific disorders and facilitated distinguishing among them. The technique provides visualization an order of magnitude greater than that available with clinical radiologic techniques and identifies new characteristics which should facilitate clinical diagnoses. This demonstrates that there would be value to the development of higher resolution, clinically applicable imaging techniques. Study for Nuclear Structures of 22-35Na Isotopes via Measurements of Reaction Cross Sections NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Suzuki, Shinji 2014-09-01 T. Ohtsubo, M. Nagashima, T. Ogura, Y. Shimbara (Grad. Sch. of Sc., Niigata Univ.), M.Takechi, H. Geissel, M. Winkler (GSI), D. Nishimura, T. Sumikama (Dept. of Phys., Tokyo Univ. of Sc.), M. Fukuda, M. Mihara, H. Uenishi (Dept. of Phys., Osaka Univ.), T. Kuboki, T. Suzuki, T. Yamaguchi, H. Furuki, C. S. Lee, K. Sato (Dept. of Phys., Saitama Univ.), A. Ozawa, H. Ohnishi, T. Moriguchi, S. Fukuda, Y. Ishibashi, D. Nagae, R. Nishikiori, T. Niwa (Inst. of Phys., Univ. of Tsukuba), N. Aoi (RCNP), Rui-Jiu Chen, N. Inabe, D. Kameda, T. Kubo, M. Lantz, T. Ohnishi, K. Okumura, H. Sakurai, H. Suzuki, H. Takeda, S. Takeuchi, K. Tanaka, Y. Yanagisawa (RIKEN), De-Qing Fang, Yu-Gang Ma (SINAP), T. Izumikawa (RI Ctr., Niigata Univ.), and S. Momota (Fac. of Engn., Kochi Univ. of Tech.) Reaction cross sections (σR) for 22-35Na isotopes have been measured at around 240 MeV/nucleon. The σR for 22-35Na were measured for the first time. Enhancement in cross sections is clearly observed from the systematics for stable nuclei, for isotopes with large mass numbers. These enhancement can be mainly ascribed to the nuclear deformation. We will discuss the nuclear structure (neutron skin, nuclear shell structure) for neutron-excess Na isotopes. T. Ohtsubo, M. Nagashima, T. Ogura, Y. Shimbara (Grad. Sch. of Sc., Niigata Univ.), M.Takechi, H. Geissel, M. Winkler (GSI), D. Nishimura, T. Sumikama (Dept. of Phys., Tokyo Univ. of Sc.), M. Fukuda, M. Mihara, H. Uenishi (Dept. of Phys., Osaka Univ.), T. Kuboki, T. Suzuki, T. Yamaguchi, H. Furuki, C. S. Lee, K. Sato (Dept. of Phys., Saitama Univ.), A. Ozawa, H. Ohnishi, T. Moriguchi, S. Fukuda, Y. Ishibashi, D. Nagae, R. Nishikiori, T. Niwa (Inst. of Phys., Univ. of Tsukuba), N. Aoi (RCNP), Rui-Jiu Chen, N. Inabe, D. Kameda, T. Kubo, M. Lantz, T. Ohnishi, K. Okumura, H. Sakurai, H. Suzuki, H. Takeda, S. Takeuchi, K. Tanaka, Y. Yanagisawa (RIKEN), De-Qing Fang, Yu-Gang Ma (SINAP), T. Izumikawa (RI Ctr., Niigata Univ.), and S. Momota (Fac. of Engn., Kochi Univ. of Tech.) Reaction cross sections (σR) for 22-35Na isotopes have been measured at around 240 MeV/nucleon. The σR for 22-35Na were measured for the first time. Enhancement in cross sections is clearly observed from the systematics for stable nuclei, for isotopes with large mass numbers. These enhancement can be mainly ascribed to the nuclear deformation. We will discuss the nuclear structure (neutron skin, nuclear shell structure) for neutron-excess Na isotopes. JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 24244024. Direct longitudinal laser acceleration of electrons in free space NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Carbajo, Sergio; Nanni, Emilio A.; Wong, Liang Jie; Moriena, Gustavo; Keathley, Phillip D.; Laurent, Guillaume; Miller, R. J. Dwayne; Kärtner, Franz X. 2016-02-01 Compact laser-driven accelerators are pursued heavily worldwide because they make novel methods and tools invented at national laboratories widely accessible in science, health, security, and technology [V. Malka et al., Principles and applications of compact laser-plasma accelerators, Nat. Phys. 4, 447 (2008)]. Current leading laser-based accelerator technologies [S. P. D. Mangles et al., Monoenergetic beams of relativistic electrons from intense laser-plasma interactions, Nature (London) 431, 535 (2004); T. Toncian et al., Ultrafast laser-driven microlens to focus and energy-select mega-electron volt protons, Science 312, 410 (2006); S. Tokita et al. Single-shot ultrafast electron diffraction with a laser-accelerated sub-MeV electron pulse, Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 111911 (2009)] rely on a medium to assist the light to particle energy transfer. The medium imposes material limitations or may introduce inhomogeneous fields [J. R. Dwyer et al., Femtosecond electron diffraction: "Making the molecular movie,", Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 364, 741 (2006)]. The advent of few cycle ultraintense radially polarized lasers [S. Carbajo et al., Efficient generation of ultraintense few-cycle radially polarized laser pulses, Opt. Lett. 39, 2487 (2014)] has ushered in a novel accelerator concept [L. J. Wong and F. X. Kärtner, Direct acceleration of an electron in infinite vacuum by a pulsed radially polarized laser beam, Opt. Express 18, 25035 (2010); F. Pierre-Louis et al. Direct-field electron acceleration with ultrafast radially polarized laser beams: Scaling laws and optimization, J. Phys. B 43, 025401 (2010); Y. I. Salamin, Electron acceleration from rest in vacuum by an axicon Gaussian laser beam, Phys. Rev. A 73, 043402 (2006); C. Varin and M. Piché, Relativistic attosecond electron pulses from a free-space laser-acceleration scheme, Phys. Rev. E 74, 045602 (2006); A. Sell and F. X. Kärtner, Attosecond electron bunches accelerated and compressed by radially polarized laser pulses and soft-x-ray pulses from optical undulators, J. Phys. B 47, 015601 (2014)] avoiding the need of a medium or guiding structure entirely to achieve strong longitudinal energy transfer. Here we present the first observation of direct longitudinal laser acceleration of nonrelativistic electrons that undergo highly directional multi-GeV /m accelerating gradients. This demonstration opens a new frontier for direct laser-driven particle acceleration capable of creating well collimated and relativistic attosecond electron bunches [C. Varin and M. Piché, Relativistic attosecond electron pulses from a free-space laser-acceleration scheme, Phys. Rev. E 74, 045602 (2006)] and x-ray pulses [A. Sell and F. X. Kärtner, Attosecond electron bunches accelerated and compressed by radially polarized laser pulses and soft-x-ray pulses from optical undulators, J. Phys. B 47, 015601 (2014)]. Dynamics of Turbulence-generated E × B Flows: Simulation and Theory NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Hahm, T. S. 1998-11-01 Many magnetic confinement experiments have indicated that E × B shear can suppress turbulence and consequently lead to significant reduction of plasma transport.^1 It has been observed in flux-tube gyrofluid^2,3 and gyrokinetic^4 simulations that small radial scale fluctuating E × B flows driven by turbulence (often called radial modes,^3 or zonal flows) play a dominant role in regulating toroidal ITG (ion temperature gradient) turbulence. Furthermore, the radial modes with similar characteristics and significant impact on transport have been also observed in the recent global gyrokinetic simulations with improved numerical capabilities^5 as well as in edge turbulence simulations with a collisional poloidal flow damping.^6 In this work, we analyze turbulence and flow statistics from gyrofluid and gyrokinetic simulations and compare to various theoretical predictions. The observed radial modes contain significant components with radial scales and frequencies comparable to those of turbulence. While the fast time varying components (including Geodesic Acoustic Modes) contribute the most to the instantaneous E × B shearing rate, they are less influential in suppressing turbulence. The effective E × B shearing rate capturing this important physics is analytically derived and evaluated from the recent nonlinear simulation results. Its magnitude is much smaller than the instantaneous E × B shearing rate, but typically of the order of the decorrelation rate of the ambient turbulence. This is consistent with the reduced, not completely stabilized level of turbulence with broadened kr spectrum observed in simulations. Zonal flows are linearly stable, but can be generated either by incoherent emission of turbulence or by inverse cascade of spectrum yielding negative turbulent viscosity which is related to the Reynolds' stress.^7 Various analytical calculations and proposed mechanisms for zonal flow generation and saturation^7,8 will be tested numerically. Finally, the collisional damping of flows and its effect on transport will be studied via gyrokinetic simulations with momentum and energy conserving Fokker-Planck operator.^5 renewcommandthempfootnotefnsymbolmpfootnote footnotetext[1]This work supported by DOE contract DE-AC02-76-CHO-3073. footnotetext[2]In collaboration with M. A. BEER, Z. LIN, G. W. HAMMETT, W. W. LEE, and W. M. TANG. renewcommandthempfootnotearabicmpfootnote setcountermpfootnote0 footnotetext[1]K. H. Burrell, Phys. Plasmas 4, 1499 (1997); E. J. Synakowski, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion, 40, 581 (1998). footnotetext[2]M. A. Beer, Ph.D. Thesis, Princeton University, 1995; G. W. Hammett et al., Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion, 35, 973 (1993) footnotetext[3]R. E. Waltz, G. D. Kerbel, and J. Milovich, Phys. Plasmas 1, 2229 (1994). footnotetext[4]A. M. Dimits et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 71 (1996). footnotetext[5]Z. Lin et al., To be submitted to Phys. Plasmas (1998). footnotetext[6]B. N. Rogers, J. F. Drake, and A. Zeiler, Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett.(1998). footnotetext[7]P. H. Diamond and Y. B. Kim, Phys. Fluids B 3, 1626 (1991); P. H. Diamond, J. Fleischer, and F. L. Hinton, Presented at Transport Task Force Meeting (1998). footnotetext[8]M. N. Rosenbluth and F.L. Hinton, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 724 (1998). Effect of Treatment and Mammography Detection on Breast Cancer Survival Overtime: 1990–2011 Kaplan, Henry G; Malmgren, Judith A; Atwood, Mary K; Calip, Gregory S. 2017-01-01 Background It is not known to what extent improvement over time in breast cancer survival is related to earlier detection by mammography or to more effective treatments. Methods At our comprehensive cancer care center we conducted a retrospective cohort study of women ages 50–69 years diagnosed with invasive stage I–III breast cancer and followed over three time periods: 1990–1994, 1995–1999 and 2000–2007. Data was chart abstracted on detection method, diagnosis, treatment, and follow up for vital status in our breast cancer registry (n=2998). Method of detection was categorized as patient or physician (Pt/PhysD) or mammography detected (MamD). Cox proportional hazards models to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for five year disease specific survival (DSS) in relation to detection method and treatment factors, testing for differences in survival using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results 58% of cases were MamD and 42% were Pt/PhysD with 56% stage I, 31% stage II and 13% stage III. Average length of follow up was 10.71 years. Combined five year DSS was 89% 1990–94, 94% 1995–99, and 96% in 2000–2007 (p<.001). In an adjusted model, mammography detection (HR=0.43, 95% CI 0.27–0.70), hormone therapy (HR=0.47, 95% CI 0.30–0.75), and taxane-containing chemotherapy (HR=0.61, 95% CI 0.37–0.99) were significantly associated with a decreased risk of disease-specific mortality Conclusions Better breast cancer survival over time is related to mammography detection, hormonal therapy and taxane-containing chemotherapy treatment. Treatment improvements alone are not sufficient to explain the observed survival improvements over time. PMID:25872471 Nonequilibrium Phase Transitions Associated with DNA Replication 2011-02-11 bioanalysis.org [1] R. Dawkins , The Selfish Gene (Oxford, New York, 1989). [2] F. Jülicher, A. Ajdari, and J. Prost, Rev. Mod. Phys. 69, 1269 (1997). [3...fidelity above a threshold. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.060601 PACS numbers: 05.70.Ln, 87.10.Mn, 87.14.gk The replication of genes by biological Summer Study Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution: Chaos. 1985-11-01 Cleopatra, periodic solutions to Galileo and perhaps chaos to Poincar. Today we often think about dynamical systems in terms o- oincae surfaces of section...P. Berge, 1983. Phys. Rev. Lett. L51, 1446 and 2345. Nadal, J.P., B. Derrida and J. Vannimenus, 1982. J. de Phys. 43, , 1561 and V. Hakim and J.P Polyphosphazene Solid Electrolytes. 1984-10-01 soL..I’IIN ’ . LAV A - .:.u.s 009 ’-" 4. T .. T. edSutoe .TVCO EO T EI O Polyphosphazene Solid Electrolytes Interim Technical Repor 6. PEAFORMING RG ...Y. T.; Whitmore , D. H. Solid State Ionics 1982, 7, 129. (10) Bauerle, J. E. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 1969, 30, 2657. (11) MacDonald, J. R. J. Chem. 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Mental health consequences of the Chernobyl disaster, J Radiol Prot. 2012 Mar; 32(1...Recovery Planning Tools: Recommendations for Developing Regional Disaster Recovery Plans. Draft. Steinhausler, F. (2005), Chernobyl and Goiania Lessons for Responding to Radiological Terrorism. Health Phys. 89(5):566 –574 NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Kimura, Taro; Pestun, Vasily 2018-04-01 We introduce quiver gauge theory associated with the non-simply laced type fractional quiver and define fractional quiver W-algebras by using construction of Kimura and Pestun (Lett Math Phys, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11005-018-1072-1; Lett Math Phys, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11005-018-1073-0) with representation of fractional quivers. Electron Spin Polarization and Detection in InAs Quantum Dots Through p-Shell Trions 2010-01-08 Bracker, D. Gershoni, V. L. Korenev , S. C. Badescu, Y. Lyanda- Geller, and T. L. Reinecke, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 177403 2005. 16A. Babinski, M...V. L. Korenev , and I. 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Appl NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Xu, Xi-Xiang 2016-12-01 We prove that two new hierarchies of integrable lattice equations in [Rep. Math. Phys.67 (2011), 259] can be respectively changed into the famous relativistic Toda lattice hierarchies in the polynomial and the rational forms by means of a simple transformation. Improve Thermoelectric Efficiency of Silicon Nanowires 2010-02-12 2580(2008). [5] A. I. Hochbaum, R. Chen, R. D. Delgado , W. Liang, E. C. Garnett, M. Najarian, A. Majumdar, and P. Yang, Nature 451, 163 (2008). [6] A...Zhang and B Li, J. Chem. Phys 123, 114714 (2005) [12] C.-W Chang, D. Okawa, H. Garcia , A. Majumdar, and A Zettl, Phys. Rev. Lett 101, 075903 (2006 DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV) Childs, Andrew M.; Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139; Leung, Debbie W. We present unified, systematic derivations of schemes in the two known measurement-based models of quantum computation. The first model (introduced by Raussendorf and Briegel, [Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5188 (2001)]) uses a fixed entangled state, adaptive measurements on single qubits, and feedforward of the measurement results. The second model (proposed by Nielsen, [Phys. Lett. A 308, 96 (2003)] and further simplified by Leung, [Int. J. Quant. Inf. 2, 33 (2004)]) uses adaptive two-qubit measurements that can be applied to arbitrary pairs of qubits, and feedforward of the measurement results. The underlying principle of our derivations is a variant of teleportationmore » introduced by Zhou, Leung, and Chuang, [Phys. Rev. A 62, 052316 (2000)]. Our derivations unify these two measurement-based models of quantum computation and provide significantly simpler schemes.« less NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Gravier, E.; Plaut, E. 2013-04-01 Collisional drift waves and ion temperature gradient (ITG) instabilities are studied using a linear water-bag kinetic model [P. Morel et al., Phys. Plasmas 14, 112109 (2007)]. An efficient spectral method, already validated in the case of drift waves instabilities [E. Gravier et al., Eur. Phys. J. D 67, 7 (2013)], allows a fast solving of the global linear problem in cylindrical geometry. The comparison between the linear ITG instability properties thus computed and the ones given by the COLUMBIA experiment [R. G. Greaves et al., Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 34, 1253 (1992)] shows a qualitative agreement. Moreover, the transition between collisional drift waves and ITG instabilities is studied theoretically as a function of the ion temperature profile. A novel semi-quantum secret sharing scheme based on Bell states NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Yin, Aihan; Wang, Zefan; Fu, Fangbo 2017-05-01 A semi-quantum secret sharing (SQSS) scheme based on Bell states is proposed in this paper. The sender who can perform any relevant quantum operations uses Bell states to share the secret keys with her participants that are limited to perform classical operations on the transmitted qubits. It is found that our scheme is easy to generalize from three parties to multiparty and more efficient than the previous schemes [Q. Li, W. H. Chan and D. Y. Long, Phys. Rev. A 82 (2010) 022303; L. Z. Li, D. W. Qiu and P. Mateus, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 26 (2013) 045304; C. Xie, L. Z. Li and D. W. Qiu, Int. J. Theor. Phys. 54 (2015) 3819]. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV) Nguyen, Jeffrey H.; Akin, Minta C.; Chau, Ricky 2015-07-01 Here, we respond to the Comment by Errandonea et al. [Phys. Rev. B 92, 026101 (2015)] on their reinterpretation of our published data [Nguyen et al., Phys. Rev. B 89, 174109 (2014)]. In the original paper, we argued that there is no solid-solid phase transition along the Hugoniot at 2.1 Mbars. There is, however, a softening of the shear modulus starting at 2.6 Mbars. Errandonea et al. [Phys. Rev. B 92, 026101 (2015)] reinterpreted our data and concluded that there is a structural change near 2.3 Mbars on the Hugoniot. Finally, we will explore the differences and agreements in themore » two interpretations of our data.« less NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Graziano, Giuseppe 2013-09-01 It is shown that the behaviour of the hydration thermodynamic functions obtained in the 3D Mercedes-Benz model of water by Mohoric et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 139, 024101 (2013)] is not qualitatively correct with respect to experimental data for a solute whose diameter is 1.5-fold larger than that of a water molecule. It is also pointed out that the failure is due to the fact that the used 3D Mercedes-Benz model of water [A. Bizjak, T. Urbic, V. Vlachy, and K. A. Dill, J. Chem. Phys. 131, 194504 (2009)] does not reproduce in a quantitatively correct manner the peculiar temperature dependence of water density. Functionalizing Ultra-Low Energy Nonlinear Optics: Analysis and Suppression of Quantum Fluctuations 2010-01-24 34 Phys. Rev. A 80, 045802 (2009). M. A. Armen , A. E. Miller and H. Mabuchi, "Spontaneous Dressed-State Polarization in the Strong Driving Regime of...H. Mabuchi, “Derivation of Maxwell‐Bloch‐type equations by projection of quantum models,” Phys. Rev. A 78, 015801, (2008). [4] M. Armen and H...models of switches for attojoule‐scale nanophotonic logic,” Phys. Rev. A 80, 045802 (2009). [7] M. A. Armen , A. E. Miller and H. Mabuchi, “Spontaneous Entanglement spectrum and boundary theories with projected entangled-pair states NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Cirac, J. Ignacio; Poilblanc, Didier; Schuch, Norbert; Verstraete, Frank 2011-06-01 In many physical scenarios, close relations between the bulk properties of quantum systems and theories associated with their boundaries have been observed. In this work, we provide an exact duality mapping between the bulk of a quantum spin system and its boundary using projected entangled-pair states. This duality associates to every region a Hamiltonian on its boundary, in such a way that the entanglement spectrum of the bulk corresponds to the excitation spectrum of the boundary Hamiltonian. We study various specific models: a deformed AKLT model [I. Affleck, T. Kennedy, E. H. Lieb, and H. Tasaki, Phys. Rev. Lett.PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.59.799 59, 799 (1987)], an Ising-type model [F. Verstraete, M. M. Wolf, D. Perez-Garcia, and J. I. Cirac, Phys. Rev. Lett.PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.96.220601 96, 220601 (2006)], and Kitaev’s toric code [A. Kitaev, Ann. Phys.APNYA60003-491610.1016/S0003-4916(02)00018-0 303, 2 (2003)], both in finite ladders and in infinite square lattices. In the second case, some of those models display quantum phase transitions. We find that a gapped bulk phase with local order corresponds to a boundary Hamiltonian with local interactions, whereas critical behavior in the bulk is reflected on a diverging interaction length of the boundary Hamiltonian. Furthermore, topologically ordered states yield nonlocal Hamiltonians. Because our duality also associates a boundary operator to any operator in the bulk, it in fact provides a full holographic framework for the study of quantum many-body systems via their boundary. Exploring one-particle orbitals in large many-body localized systems NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Villalonga, Benjamin; Yu, Xiongjie; Luitz, David J.; Clark, Bryan K. 2018-03-01 Strong disorder in interacting quantum systems can give rise to the phenomenon of many-body localization (MBL), which defies thermalization due to the formation of an extensive number of quasilocal integrals of motion. The one-particle operator content of these integrals of motion is related to the one-particle orbitals (OPOs) of the one-particle density matrix and shows a strong signature across the MBL transition as recently pointed out by Bera et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 046603 (2015), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.046603; Ann. Phys. 529, 1600356 (2017), 10.1002/andp.201600356]. We study the properties of the OPOs of many-body eigenstates of an MBL system in one dimension. Using shift-and-invert MPS, a matrix product state method to target highly excited many-body eigenstates introduced previously [Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 017201 (2017), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.017201], we are able to obtain accurate results for large systems of sizes up to L =64 . We find that the OPOs drawn from eigenstates at different energy densities have high overlap and their occupations are correlated with the energy of the eigenstates. Moreover, the standard deviation of the inverse participation ratio of these orbitals is maximal at the nose of the mobility edge. Also, the OPOs decay exponentially in real space, with a correlation length that increases at low disorder. In addition, we find that the probability distribution of the strength of the large-range coupling constants of the number operators generated by the OPOs approach a log-uniform distribution at strong disorder. Eikonal instability of Gauss-Bonnet-(anti-)-de Sitter black holes NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Konoplya, R. A.; Zhidenko, A. 2017-05-01 Here we have shown that asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AdS) black holes in the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet (GB) theory are unstable under linear perturbations of space-time in some region of parameters. This (eikonal) instability develops at high multipole numbers. We found the exact parametric regions of the eikonal instability and extended this consideration to asymptotically flat and de Sitter cases. The approach to the threshold of instability is driven by purely imaginary quasinormal modes, which are similar to those found recently in Grozdanov, Kaplis, and Starinets, [J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2016) 151, 10.1007/JHEP07(2016)151] for the higher curvature corrected black hole with the planar horizon. The found instability may indicate limits of holographic applicability of the GB-AdS backgrounds. Recently, through the analysis of critical behavior in AdS space-time in the presence of the Gauss-Bonnet term, it was shown [Deppe et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 071102 (2015), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.071102], that, if the total energy content of the AdS space-time is small, then no black holes can be formed with mass less than some critical value. A similar mass gap was also found when considering collapse of mass shells in asymptotically flat Gauss-Bonnet theories [Frolov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 051102 (2015), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.051102]. The found instability of all sufficiently small Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet-AdS, dS and asymptotically flat black holes may explain the existing mass gaps in their formation. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Cheng, B.; Kwan, T. J. T.; Wang, Y. M.; Yi, S. A.; Batha, S. H.; Wysocki, F. 2018-07-01 In the last five years, large amounts of high quality data on inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments were produced at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). From this data we have significantly advanced our scientific understanding of the physics of thermonuclear (TN) ignition and identified critical issues that must be addressed to achieve a burning hotspot, such as implosion energetics, pusher adiabat, tamping effects, and confinement time. In this paper we present a review of recently developed TN ignition and implosion scaling theory (Cheng et al 2013 Phys. Rev. E 88 041101; Cheng et al 2014 Phys. Plasmas 21 10270) that characterizes the thermodynamic properties of the hotspot and the ignition criteria for ICF. We compare our theoretical predictions with NIF data and find good agreement between theory and experiments. We demonstrate the fundamental effects of the pusher adiabat on the energy partition between the cold shell and the hot deuterium–tritium (DT) gas, and thus on the integrated performance of ICF capsules. Theoretical analysis of NIF experiments (Cheng et al 2015 Phys. Plasmas 22 082704; Melvin et al 2015 Phys. Plasmas 22 022708; Cheng et al 2016 Phys. Plasmas 23 120702) and physical explanations of the discrepancies between theory, data, and simulations are presented. It is shown that the true experimental adiabat of the cold DT fuel can be inferred from neutron image data of a capsule implosion. We show that the ablator mix and preheat in the cold fuel can be estimated from the experimentally inferred hotspot mix. Finally, possible paths forward to reach higher yields at NIF implied by the theory are discussed. Noble-metal intercalation process leading to a protected adatom in a graphene hollow site NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Narayanan Nair, M.; Cranney, M.; Jiang, T.; Hajjar-Garreau, S.; Aubel, D.; Vonau, F.; Florentin, A.; Denys, E.; Bocquet, M.-L.; Simon, L. 2016-08-01 In previous studies, we have shown that gold deposited on a monolayer (ML) of graphene on SiC(0001) is intercalated below the ML after an annealing procedure and affects the band structure of graphene. Here we prove experimentally and theoretically that some of the gold forms a dispersed phase composed of single adatoms, being intercalated between the ML and the buffer layer and in a hollow position with respect to C atoms of the ML on top. They are freestanding and negatively charged, due to the partial screening of the electron transfer between SiC and the ML, without changing the intrinsic n-type doping of the ML. As these single atoms decouple the ML from the buffer layer, the quasiparticles of graphene are less perturbed, thus increasing their Fermi velocity. Moreover, the hollow position of the intercalated single Au atoms might lead to spin-orbit coupling in the graphene layer covering IC domains. This effect of spin-orbit coupling has been recently observed experimentally in Au-intercalated graphene on SiC(0001) [D. Marchenko, A. Varykhalov, J. Sánchez-Barriga, Th. Seyller, and O. Rader, Appl. Phys. Lett. 108, 172405 (2016), 10.1063/1.4947286] and has been theoretically predicted for heavy atoms, like thallium, in a hollow position on graphene [C. Weeks, J. Hu, J. Alicea, M. Franz, and R. Wu, Phys. Rev. X 1, 021001 (2011), 10.1103/PhysRevX.1.021001; A. Cresti, D. V. Tuan, D. Soriano, A. W. Cummings, and S. Roche, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 246603 (2014), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.246603]. Dynamics in dense hard-sphere colloidal suspensions NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Orsi, Davide; Fluerasu, Andrei; Moussaïd, Abdellatif; Zontone, Federico; Cristofolini, Luigi; Madsen, Anders 2012-01-01 The dynamic behavior of a hard-sphere colloidal suspension was studied by x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy and small-angle x-ray scattering over a wide range of particle volume fractions. The short-time mobility of the particles was found to be smaller than that of free particles even at relatively low concentrations, showing the importance of indirect hydrodynamic interactions. Hydrodynamic functions were derived from the data, and for moderate particle volume fractions (Φ≤ 0.40) there is good agreement with earlier many-body theory calculations by Beenakker and Mazur [Physica A0378-437110.1016/0378-4371(84)90206-1 120, 349 (1984)]. Important discrepancies appear at higher concentrations, above Φ≈ 0.40, where the hydrodynamic effects are overestimated by the Beenakker-Mazur theory, but predicted accurately by an accelerated Stokesian dynamics algorithm developed by Banchio and Brady [J. Chem. Phys.0021-960610.1063/1.1571819 118, 10323 (2003)]. For the relaxation rates, good agreement was also found between the experimental data and a scaling form predicted by the mode coupling theory. In the high concentration range, with the fluid suspensions approaching the glass transition, the long-time diffusion coefficient was compared with the short-time collective diffusion coefficient to verify a scaling relation previously proposed by Segrè and Pusey [Phys. Rev. Lett.PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.77.771 77, 771 (1996)]. We discuss our results in view of previous experimental attempts to validate this scaling law [L. Lurio , Phys. Rev. Lett.PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.84.785 84, 785 (2000)]. NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Tacik, Nick; Foucart, Francois; Pfeiffer, Harald P.; Haas, Roland; Ossokine, Serguei; Kaplan, Jeff; Muhlberger, Curran; Duez, Matt D.; Kidder, Lawrence E.; Scheel, Mark A.; Szilágyi, Béla 2016-08-01 The code used in [Phys. Rev. D 92, 124012 (2015)] erroneously computed the enthalpy at the center of the neutron stars. Upon correcting this error, density oscillations in evolutions of rotating neutron stars are significantly reduced (from ˜20 % to ˜0.5 % ). Furthermore, it is possible to construct neutron stars with faster rotation rates. Excimer Emission from Alkali Diatomic and Alkaline-Earth-Noble-Gas Molecules 1989-10-01 line at 792 nm is also shown as a solid line for 1.18 ami . respectively. The oven temperature and buffer gas comparison. The oven contained pure sodium...Hasselbrink, and G. Hillrichs. Chem. Phys. Lett. 30J. Huennekens, H. J. Park, T. Colbert , and S. C. McClain. 112,441 (1984). Phys. Rev. A 35, 2892 (1987). 15R Plasma-Surface Interactions of Hydrogenated Carbon 2009-01-01 ethesis.helsinki.fi/>. [7] J. Marian, L.A. Zepeda -Ruiz, G.H. Gilmer, E.M. Bringa, T. Rognlien, Phys. Scr. T124 (2006) 65. [8] P. Träskelin, K. Nordlund, J...Keinonen, J. Nucl. Mater. 357 (2006) 1. [9] J. Marian, L.A. Zepeda -Ruiz, N. Couto, E.M. Bringa, G.H. Gilmer, P.C. Stangeby, T.D. Rognlien, J. Appl. Phys 2007-06-01 properties of nanowires" J. Appl. Phys 98, 094306 (2005) 9. Harry E. Ruda and Alexander Shik, "Polarization-sensitive optical properties of metallic and...34Biexcitons in parabolic quantum dots", Phys. Rev. B. 73, 125321 (2006). 11. M. Blumin, H.E. Ruda, I. Savelyev , A Shik and H. Wang, "Self-assembled InAs Quaternary Narrow-Band Semiconductors (HgTe)x(InSb)1-X for Far-Infrared Detectors. 1986-08-31 A. L. Petrov, and G. A. Kuzmina . Sov. Phys. Semicond., 13, 480 (1979). 34. A. V. Voitsekhovskii and V. P. Drobyazko. Inorg. Materials, 3, 1976 (1967...801, 807 (1973); Izv. VUZ Fiz. USSR, 16, 76, 82 (1973). 37. A. L. Petrov and G. A. Kuzmina . Sov. Phys. Semicond., 14, . 604 (1980). 38. G. I First-principles Calculations of Twin-boundary and Stacking-fault Energies in Magnesium 2010-01-01 Vasu KI. Scripta Mater 1969;3:927. [7] Couret A, Caillard D. Acta Metall 1985;33:1455. [8] Fleischer RL . Scripta Mater 1986;20:223. [9] Liu ZK. J...Jackson KA, Pederson MR, Singh DJ, Fiolhais C. Phys Rev B 1992;46:6671. [17] Kresse G, Furthmuller J. Phys Rev B 1996;54:11169. [18] Kresse G, Joubert NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) Kotov, D. V.; Yee, H. C.; Wray, A. A.; Sjögreen, Björn; Kritsuk, A. G. 2018-01-01 The authors regret for the typographic errors that were made in equation (4) and missing phrase after equation (4) in the article "Numerical dissipation control in high order shock-capturing schemes for LES of low speed flows" [J. Comput. Phys. 307 (2016) 189-202].
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